jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Paweł Mystek | Vandana Singh | Matěj Horváth | Karolína Honzejková | Petra Riegerová | Hüseyin Evci | Martin Hof | Tomáš Obšil | Radek Šachl
Source: Biophysical Journal (article, 2024-08-26)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

The minimal membrane requirements for BAX-induced pore opening upon exposure to oxidative stress Perforation of the outer mitochondrial membrane triggered by BAX and facilitated by its main activator cBID is a fundamental process in cell apoptosis. Here, we employ a newly designed correlative approach based on a combination of a fluorescence cross correlation binding with a calcein permeabilization assay to understand the involvement of BAX in pore formation under oxidative stress conditions. To mimic the oxidative stress, we enriched liposomal membranes by phosphatidylcholines with truncated sn-2 acyl chains terminated by a carboxyl or aldehyde moiety. Our observations revealed that oxidative stress enhances proapoptotic conditions involving accelerated pore-opening kinetics. This enhancement is achieved through increased recruitment of BAX to the membrane and facilitation of BAX membrane insertion. Despite these effects, the fundamental mechanism of pore formation remained unchanged, suggesting an all-or-none mechanism. In line with this mechanism, we demonstrated that the minimal number of BAX molecules at the membrane necessary for pore formation remains constant regardless of BAX activation by cBID or the presence of oxidized lipids. Overall, our findings give a comprehensive picture of the molecular mechanisms underlying apoptotic pore formation and highlight the selective amplifying role of oxidized lipids in triggering formation of membrane pores. Oxidative stress ; Biophysics ; Membrane ; Oxidative phosphorylation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry ; Biology Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications ; Analytical Chemistry and Sensors ; RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Authors: Daniele Liprandi | Martín J. Ramiréz | Sascha Schlüter | Lucas Baumgart | Anna‐Christin Joel | Peter Michalik | Jonas O. Wolff
Source: Interface Focus (article, 2024-06-07)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Hierarchical looping results in extreme extensibility of silk fibre composites produced by Southern house spiders ( <i>Kukulcania hibernalis</i> ) Spider silk is a tough and versatile biological material combining high tensile strength and extensibility through nanocomposite structure and its nonlinear elastic behaviour. Notably, spiders rarely use single silk fibres in isolation, but instead process them into more complex composites, such as silk fibre bundles, sheets and anchorages, involving a combination of spinneret, leg and body movements. While the material properties of single silk fibres have been extensively studied, the mechanical properties of silk composites and meta-structures are poorly understood and exhibit a hereto largely untapped potential for the bio-inspired design of novel fabrics with outstanding mechanical properties. In this study, we report on the tensile mechanics of the adhesive capture threads of the Southern house spider (<i>Kukulcania hibernalis</i>), which exhibit extreme extensibility, surpassing that of the viscid capture threads of orb weavers by up to tenfold. By combining high-resolution mechanical testing, microscopy and <i>in silico</i> experiments based on a hierarchical modified version of the Fibre Bundle Model, we demonstrate that extreme extensibility is based on a hierarchical loops-on-loops structure combining linear and coiled elements. The stepwise unravelling of the loops leads to the repeated fracture of the connected linear fibres, delaying terminal failure and enhancing energy absorption. This principle could be used to achieve tailored fabrics and materials that are able to sustain high deformation without failure. SILK ; Materials science ; Composite material ; Extensibility ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Spider silk ; Spider ; Adhesive ; Deformation (meteorology) ; Soft robotics ; Structural engineering ; Computer science ; Engineering Silk-based biomaterials and applications ; Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior ; Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
Authors: Seemadevi Kadam | Sunita Deore | Harshal Tare | Vinod Wagh | Ujjwala Thube
Source: International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance (article, 2024-03-25)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

The Use of Biological Pigments in Cosmetics for Eco-friendly and Sustainable Coloring Synthetic pigments have been used in the cosmetics industry for a very long time in everything from lipsticks to eye shadows. However, the hunt for sustainable and secure alternatives is driven by escalating environmental and health concerns. A feasible alternative that offers benefits in terms of biodegradability, sustainability, and safety is bacteria-based pigments. The potential of bacterial pigments in cosmetics is explored in this review article by focusing on their sources, extraction processes, and advantages over synthetic alternatives. The study also explores the safety and regulatory framework pertaining to bacterial pigments and presents actual case studies of their successful application in cosmetic products. A scenario on the potential impact of bacterial pigments on the cosmetics market is provided as a conclusion. The demand for various cosmetics is on rise and ever-increasing due to the inherent desire to look beautiful. A marked increase in women’s use of different cosmetic formulations has been witnessed in recent years. Varieties of cosmetics from different manufacturers are available in the market. Synthetic colors have been used in cosmetics for a long time, resulting in human health risks and environmental pollution. Therefore it is critical to search for novel natural pigments that are safe and alternative to synthetic ones. Compared to synthetic colors, microbial pigments show better biodegradability and greater compatibility with the environment. Cosmetics ; Environmentally friendly ; Biochemical engineering ; Environmental science ; Pulp and paper industry ; Chemistry ; Business ; Biology ; Engineering ; Ecology ; Organic chemistry Dye analysis and toxicity
Authors: Gonzalo Pérez‐de‐Lis | Béatrice Richard | Fabienne Quilès | Aurélie Deveau | Ignatius-Kristia Adikurnia | Cyrille Rathgeber
Source: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (article, 2024-04-09)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Multimodal imaging analysis in silver fir reveals coordination in cellulose and lignin deposition Despite lignin being a key component of wood, the dynamics of tracheid lignification are generally overlooked in xylogenesis studies, which hampers our understanding of environmental drivers and blurs the interpretation of isotopic and anatomical signals stored in tree rings. Here, we analyzed cell wall formation in silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) tracheids to determine if cell wall lignification lags behind secondary wall deposition. For this purpose, we applied a multimodal imaging approach combining transmitted light microscopy (TLM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and confocal Raman microspectroscopy (RMS) on anatomical sections of wood microcores collected in northeast France on 11 dates during the 2010 growing season. Wood autofluorescence after laser excitation at 405 and 488 nm associated with the RMS scattering of lignin and cellulose, respectively, which allowed identification of lignifying cells (cells showing lignified and nonlignified wall fractions at the same time) in CLSM images. The number of lignifying cells in CLSM images mirrored the number of wall-thickening birefringent cells in polarized TLM images, revealing highly synchronized kinetics for wall thickening and lignification (similar timings and durations at the cell level). CLSM images and RMS chemical maps revealed a substantial incorporation of lignin into the wall at early stages of secondary wall deposition. Our results show that most of the cellulose and lignin contained in the cell wall undergo concurrent periods of deposition. This suggests a strong synchronization between cellulose and lignin-related features in conifer tree-ring records, as they originated over highly overlapped time frames. Lignin ; Tracheid ; Cellulose ; Cell wall ; Secondary cell wall ; Chemistry ; Confocal laser scanning microscopy ; Confocal microscopy ; Biophysics ; Botany ; Materials science ; Xylem ; Biology ; Biochemistry ; Optics ; Physics Wood and Agarwood Research ; Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics ; Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
Authors: Qianchen Liu | Tao Wei | Yonghui Zheng | Chuantao Xuan | Lihao Sun | Jing Hu | Miao Cheng | Qianqian Liu | Ruirui Wang | Wanfei Li | Yan Cheng | Bo Liu
Source: Advanced Functional Materials (article, 2024-11-13)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Picosecond Operation of Optoelectronic Hybrid Phase Change Memory Based on Si‐Doped Sb Films Abstract Phase‐change random access memory is anticipated to break the bottleneck of the “storage wall” due to its advantages in simultaneous data storage and in‐memory computing. However, operation speed constrains its application scenarios. Antimony (Sb) thin film has ultrafast phase change speeds, low power consumption, and a straightforward chemical composition. In this study, silicon (Si) doping is employed to enhance the stability of pure Sb while achieving both ultrafast operational speeds and superior thermal stability concurrently. By utilizing optoelectronic hybrid phase change memory, the SET and RESET operation speeds can reach as fast as 26 and 13 ps, respectively, when using Si‐doped Sb films. The absence of the Si─Sb bond results in simple cubic nuclei within the amorphous film, which is posited as the structural basis for the high operational speed. These novel insights into ultrafast speed and phase mechanisms are poised to have valuable evidence for future high‐speed memory designs. Materials science ; Picosecond ; Doping ; Optoelectronics ; Phase change ; Phase-change memory ; Phase (matter) ; Thin film ; Optics ; Nanotechnology ; Engineering physics ; Layer (electronics) Phase-change materials and chalcogenides ; Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films ; Optical and Acousto-Optic Technologies
Authors: Gleb Lopatchenko | Artem Groshev | Alexey Lukonin | Dеnis Kuimov | Alexander Yurov
Source: E3S Web of Conferences (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Partial discharges in power transformers Tansformers are among the most responsible and expensive elements of the power system, therefore monitoring the technical condition of the transformer is an important and urgent task. One of the signs of aging of insulation in a transformer may be partial discharges (PD), leading to its further failure. The use of monitoring systems based on PD analysis makes it possible to prevent the severe consequences of short circuits in transformers and, as a result, achieve significant economic effects during the operation of controlled high-voltage equipment. The transformer monitoring system based on the partial discharge method is complex and not always effective, because fixed discharges in transformer insulation can be observed for years and do not lead to breakdown, and among the PD it is not always possible to identify the leader's transition to the through phase in time, which creates sufficient conditions for breakdown. In practice, the discharge test is performed using chromatographic analysis of dissolved gases in oil (CADG) or by measuring discharge activity. The article analyzes the effectiveness of PD control methods and the need to develop mathematical models of partial discharges that allow studying the dynamics of the streamer-leader transition in controlled isolation. Partial discharge ; Transformer ; Electrical engineering ; Materials science ; Environmental science ; Engineering ; Voltage High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation ; Vacuum and Plasma Arcs
Authors: Xi Yu | Wenxiu Wu | Guiying Xu | Lihuan Wang | Hui Yu | Chi Wai Kan | Jianhua Yan | Xianfeng Wang | Ziqiong Wang | Yeer Wu | Lingrui Wen | Qiang Zhou
Source: Colloids and Interface Science Communications (article, 2024-03-23)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Thermostable, water-repellent, moisture-permeable Nomex nanofibrous membranes with a connected PTFE network for personal protective fabrics Water-repellent and moisture-permeable membranes are highly desirable for improving wearing comfort and protection; however, constructing thermostable fabrics with excellent moisture permeability and high resistance to water penetration in high-temperature personal protection remains a great challenge. Therefore, we fabricate Nomex nanofibrous membranes via electrospinning, and further perform dip-coating with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) emulsion and hot-pressing for constructing connected PTFE network. The Nomex membranes possess hydrophobic PTFE networks and retain porous structures, improving their water repellent without influencing water vapor transmission. Furthermore, the membranes demonstrate prominent thermostability due to the synergistic effect of the high-temperature-resistant Nomex substrate and PTFE hydrophobic agent. Consequently, the Nomex/PTFE membranes exhibit prominent water-repellent and moisture-permeability with high hydrostatic pressure of 58 kPa and satisfactory water vapor transmission rate of 6008 g m−2 d−1, as well as remarkable thermostability to maintain structural stability under 300 °C, suggesting great promise as exceptional candidates for high-temperature personal protection and comfort management. Materials science ; Membrane ; Composite material ; Electrospinning ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Emulsion ; Coating ; Chemical engineering ; Polymer ; Chemistry Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity ; Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials ; Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies
Authors: Kevin Chalek | David Onofrei | Julian Aldana | Hannah Johnson | Dillan Stengel | Andy T. Chau | Anikin Rae Domingo | E.M. Alcalá | Esther Tsui | Francisco Botello | Ashana Soni | Bennett Addison | Gregory P. Holland
Source: Advanced Functional Materials (article, 2024-07-20)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Unraveling the Molecular Origin of Prey‐Wrapping Spider Silk's Unique Mechanical Properties and Assembly Process Using NMR Abstract Prey wrapping spider silk's unique mechanical properties are investigated confirming the silk's high degree of extensibility and superior toughness compared to other types of spider silk. For the first time, the pre‐spinning dope phase is studied in isotope‐enriched intact aciniform (AC) silk glands using solution NMR that reveals a combination of α‐helical domains linked by disordered random coil chains consistent with previously proposed “beads‐on‐a‐string” models. The model is further refined through the AlphaFold2 protein structure prediction tool. Finally, extensive magic angle spinning (MAS) solid‐state (SS) NMR data for isotopically‐enriched fibers is used to refine the structural model for AC silk from two species, A. aurantia and A. argentata . The SSNMR data shows that the AC silk fibers are highly α‐helical, coiled‐coil in structure but, also exhibit significant β‐sheet components that can be traced back to the Gly‐rich disordered linker regions in the pre‐spinning dope phase that are converted to β‐sheet structures during fiber formation. This combination of mechanical and structural characterization enhances the understanding of AC silk's liquid‐to‐solid transition and structure‐mechanics relationship. These prey wrap silk results and models will provide the basis for the design of biomimetic materials inspired by the AC spider silk system. SILK ; Spider silk ; Materials science ; Random coil ; Magic angle spinning ; Spinning ; Spider ; Polymer science ; Fibroin ; Crystallography ; Polymer chemistry ; Composite material ; Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Stereochemistry ; Biology Silk-based biomaterials and applications ; Plant Reproductive Biology ; Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
Authors: Riccardo Piombo | Simone Ritarossi | Riccardo Mazzarello
Source: Advanced Science (article, 2024-05-29)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Ab Initio Study of Novel Phase‐Change Heterostructures Neuromorphic devices constitute a novel approach to computing that takes inspiration from the brain to unify the processing and storage units. Memories based on phase-change materials (PCMs) are potential candidates for such devices due to their non-volatility and excellent scalability, however their use is hindered by their conductance variability and temporal drift in resistance. Recently, it has been shown that the utilization of phase-change heterostructures consisting of nanolayers of the Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> PCM interleaved with a transition-metal dichalcogenide, acting as a confinement material, strongly mitigates these problems. In this work, superlattice heterostructures made of TiTe<sub>2</sub> and two prototypical PCMs, respectively GeTe and Ge<sub>2</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>5</sub> are considered. By performing ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, it is shown that it is possible to switch the PCMs without destroying the superlattice structure and without diffusion of the atoms of the PCM across the TiTe<sub>2</sub> nanolayers. In particular, the model containing Ge<sub>2</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>5</sub> shows weak coupling between the two materials during the switching process, which, combined with the high stability of the amorphous state of Ge<sub>2</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>5</sub>, makes it a very promising candidate for neuromorphic computing applications. Ab initio ; Heterojunction ; Phase (matter) ; Materials science ; Phase change ; Chemical physics ; Nanotechnology ; Engineering physics ; Chemistry ; Physics ; Optoelectronics ; Quantum mechanics Phase-change materials and chalcogenides ; Perovskite Materials and Applications ; Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films
Authors: Derrick Mirindi | Kamalesh Panthi | Tonya Sanders Thach | James G. Hunter
Source: EPiC series in built environment (review, 2024-05-26)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

A Review of the Evolution and Performance of Particleboard from Different Types of Organic Waste and Adhesives The increasing demand and rising price of wood-based materials have led to a need for alternative raw materials in particleboard production. Agricultural waste, such as waste wood and recycled wood waste, as well as food waste, can serve as ideal alternatives to traditional wood chips, which account for more than half of the production cost. Utilizing agricultural waste, food waste, and industry materials is not only cost-effective but also a key principle of the circular economy, leading to reduced carbon dioxide emissions. Nevertheless, there is a lack of an updated, comprehensive assessment of the exploitation of these materials in particleboard production. This article reviews the current state-of-the-art particleboard production using environmentally friendly agricultural and food waste materials and recycled wood waste. The review categorizes particleboards into three groups: particleboards made with agricultural waste, food industry waste, and wood-based waste. The purpose is to compare the mechanical and physical properties of the resulting particleboards and establish their use in building construction according to various particleboard standards. This study demonstrates that wood-based, agricultural, and food waste can be transformed into high-quality, eco-friendly particleboards that surpass industry standards and are suitable for various applications such as construction, furniture, and laboratory equipment. The integration of these waste materials into mainstream production highlights the role of innovative recycling techniques in promoting sustainable urban development and construction practices. This approach significantly contributes to reducing deforestation, preserving natural habitats, and providing affordable housing, supporting a more sustainable and responsible approach to resource management. This review is undertaken to address the critical need for sustainable alternatives in particleboard production amidst environmental and economic challenges. It aims to consolidate recent advancements in using waste materials, providing a comprehensive assessment essential for future research and industry application. This effort aligns with global environmental objectives and advances the circular economy. Environmentally friendly ; Waste management ; Raw material ; Production (economics) ; Cleaner production ; Agricultural waste ; Agriculture ; Environmental science ; Business ; Municipal solid waste ; Engineering Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Microplastics and Plastic Pollution ; Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials
Authors: Nushrat Jahan Chowdhury | Md. Ahedul Akbor | Aynun Nahar | Md. Aftab Ali Shaikh
Source: Heliyon (article, 2024-07-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Techniques for quantification of organochlorine pesticides from a validated method by using gas chromatography-electron capture detector Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent organic compounds found in aquatic environments worldwide. A well-validated and well-established analytical method is crucial for detecting OCPs in the environment. In this study, an analytical method for quantifying OCPs in water was developed and evaluated. Here, the range of linearity, reproducibility, uncertainty, specificity, method detection limits (MDL), and special emphasis on detection and quantitation limits were assessed. Recovery studies were performed to measure the accuracy and precision of the method. This method exhibited excellent linearity in the range of 2.5-20 μg/L for all compounds. As none of the targeted compounds was detected in the chromatograms of the blank sample with no baseline noise, the limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) were determined using the linear regression method, external calibration curve slope, and laboratory fortified blank-based detection. All compounds showed different LOD and LOQ values, depending on the approach used. In particular, endosulfan sulfate, methoxychlor, endrin ketone, H. epoxide, heptachlor, and 4,4'-DDT exhibited high detection limits. The recovery percentage of the 15 compounds at 5 μg/L spiked concentration was between 50 and 150 %, which is consistent with the accuracy of the APHA method. Except for endosulfan sulfate, the relative standard deviations of all other compounds were below 20 %, indicating good precision. This method has also been applied to real water samples. This validation technique is reliable, sensitive, simple, rapid, easy to comprehend, and reproducible. The application of this method in the real water samples was also conducted. Only α-BHC and γ-Chlordane were detected in the water sample. Detection limit ; Chromatography ; Electron capture detector ; Calibration curve ; Chemistry ; Methoxychlor ; Heptachlor ; Reproducibility ; Gas chromatography ; Pesticide ; Calibration ; Environmental chemistry ; Organochlorine pesticide ; Mathematics ; Statistics Analytical chemistry methods development ; Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety ; Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact