jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Siddhant . | Ashu Mittal | Piyush Mittal | Raju Rastogi
Source: International Journal of Pharma Professional’s Research (IJPPR) (article, 2026-01-31)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Safety Concerns with Radio-Contrast Agents: A Comprehensive Overview Objective: To provide a comprehensive narrative review on the safety concerns associated with both iodinated and gadolinium-based contrast agents, including adverse reactions, nephrotoxicity, hypersensitivity, and preventive strategies.Background: Contrast agents are essential in diagnostic imaging, but their use may be associated with mild to severe adverse events, including contrastinduced nephropathy (CIN) and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF).Methods: A review of randomized trials, observational studies, meta-analyses, and guideline publications (2020-2025) was conducted, focusing on comparative safety, risk factors, and preventive measures.Results: Modern iodinated agents (LOCM, IOCM) and macrocyclic gadolinium agents demonstrate reduced incidence of severe adverse reactions.Patient-related risk factors, agent selection, hydration, and adherence to guideline-based protocols remain central to minimizing complications.Conclusion: A structured approach to patient assessment, agent selection, and risk mitigation enhances the safety profile of contrast media in clinical practice. Government (linguistics) ; Key (lock) ; Risk assessment ; Work (physics) MXene and MAX Phase Materials ; Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ; Wireless Power Transfer Systems
Authors: Eleni Agiasofitou | Markus Lazar
Source: Proceedings of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences (article, 2026-03-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

On the elastic stability and positive definiteness of three-dimensional cubic quasicrystals Abstract In this work, the elastic stability of three-dimensional cubic quasicrystals is investigated based on the positive definiteness of the elastic energy density. To this end, a normalized Voigt notation and the eigenvalue method are employed for the 12×12 constitutive matrix of the elastic constants. Six independent necessary and sufficient conditions for the positive definiteness of the elastic energy density imposed on the elastic constants are derived for three-dimensional cubic quasicrystals. The representation of the phonon and phason fields owing to the cubic symmetry offers an elegant application of the eigenvalue method, thereby delivering analytically simple explicit inequalities. Given the absence of experimentally determined elastic constants at present, the derived elastic stability conditions establish exact mechanical admissibility constraints imposed by cubic symmetry. They must be satisfied by any physically admissible set of elastic constants, whether obtained from future experiments, numerical simulations or approximant-based or engineering-oriented studies. In this sense, the derived elastic stability conditions provide a rigorous benchmark for the validation of experimental measurements, numerical simulations and engineering analyses. Positive definiteness ; Eigenvalues and eigenvectors ; Phason ; Stability (learning theory) ; Quasicrystal ; Elastic modulus ; Elastic energy ; Elasticity (physics) ; Symmetry (geometry) Quasicrystal Structures and Properties ; Shape Memory Alloy Transformations ; Synthesis and Properties of Aromatic Compounds
Authors: A. Larrea | Chengxin Dai | Alejandro J. Brenes | Kathrin Korff | Benjamin A. Neely | Philipp E. Geyer | Laura F. Dagley | Richard D. Unwin | Alexandra Naba | Michael J. MacCoss | Tiannan Guo | Eric W. Deutsch | Cesar Martin | Jochen M. Schwenk | Yasset Perez-Riverol
Source: Genome biology (article, 2026-03-12)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Blood proteomics: insights from public data The circulating blood proteome comprises soluble and cellular components that reflect physiological and pathological states across tissues. Advances in mass spectrometry and affinity-based proteomics have improved sensitivity and throughput, enabling the generation of public blood proteomics resources. However, comprehensive assessments of these datasets remain limited. This work reviews the cellular and molecular complexity of publicly available blood proteomics data, recent methodological developments, and the complementarity of diverse data sources across the abundance range, while outlining remaining challenges for translating blood proteomics into personalized medicine. Proteomics ; Proteome ; Complementarity (molecular biology) ; Human genetics ; Proteogenomics ; Quantitative proteomics Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Advanced Biosensing Techniques and Applications ; Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
Authors: Cheng Liu
Source: Thermal Science (article, 2026-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Dynamic thermal energy management of intelligent sports equipment With the development of intelligent sports equipment, the high intensity operation of its core components generates significant amounts of heat, impacting device stability and user experience. This paper constructs a thermal energy management model coupled with dynamic loads. Using a smart spinning bike (FitPro S7) as the research object, this paper analyzes the thermal storage characteristics of three energy storage materials (PCM-1, PCM-2, and EB-1) at different ambient temperatures (293 K, 303 K, and 313 K) and operating powers (100 W, 200 W, and 300 W) through experiments and simulations. Results show that PCM-2 achieves a significantly higher energy storage efficiency of 68.3% ? 1.2% at 303 K and 300 W than PCM-1 (p = 0.023). A variance analysis indicates that power has a 42% influence on energy storage efficiency, followed by material type (35%). The deviation between simulation and experimental results is 3.2%, validating the effectiveness of the model. This research provides theoretical support and solution reference for dynamic thermal management of intelligent sports equipment. This research provides manufacturers with actionable guidelines: PCM-2 is recommended for high power equipment (300 W) to maintain &gt;65% efficiency, while the model enables optimizing cooling system design (e.g., heat sink size) to enhance device stability and user safety. Thermal energy storage ; Energy storage ; Heat sink ; Spinning ; Energy management ; Thermal management of electronic devices and systems ; Dynamic simulation ; Thermal Thermal properties of materials ; Heat Transfer and Numerical Methods ; Phase Change Materials Research
Authors: Rachel P. Renda | Joseph M. Cerreta
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine (article, 2026-01-26)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Pulmonary injury following exposure to amorphous silicon dioxide nanoparticles in Golden Syrian Hamsters Amorphous silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO<sub>2</sub> NPs) are abundant within the earth's crust and can be released into the air through industrial and manufacturing activities. Such materials are often used in industrial processes, in pharmaceutical and in the cosmetic industries. Amorphous SiO<sub>2</sub> NPs are pulmonary toxicants; however, the mechanism of toxicity is uncertain. In the current study, toxicity of SiO<sub>2</sub> NPs was assessed using inhalation exposure in an <i>in vivo</i> system to study a possible mechanism of pulmonary injury. Golden Syrian Hamsters were divided into 4 groups: 1- room air control, 2- vehicle control, 3- low concentration (6 mg/m<sup>3</sup>) and 4- high concentration (12 mg/m<sup>3</sup>). Hamsters were treated for 4 h a day for 8 days. Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF) analysis found increases in total cell counts (p < 0.0001), neutrophils (p < 0.0001), lymphocytes (p < 0.001), eosinophils (p < 0.01), multinucleated macrophages (p < 0.01), total protein (p < 0.0001), alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.0001), and lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.001) in the high concentration group. Histopathological analysis found an increase in air space, quantified by Mean Linear Intercept (p < 0.0001), and a significant increase in TUNEL positive cells (p < 0.001), in the high concentration group. SEM and TEM found structural alterations to the lung tissue including increase in the number holes in the alveolar walls and in apoptotic bodies within tissue. Caspase 3 (p < 0.05), and 8 (p < 0.05), were significantly increased along with cellular inflammation markers TNF-α (p < 0.05), and HSP70 (p < 0.05) in the high concentration group. Results of the study indicate exposure to SiO<sub>2</sub> NPs may induce extrinsic apoptotic pathway, leading to tissue damage and significant airspace enlargement. Bronchoalveolar lavage ; Pulmonary toxicity ; Alveolar macrophage ; Lactate dehydrogenase ; Lung ; Inhalation ; Toxicity ; Acid phosphatase ; Inflammation Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; Occupational and environmental lung diseases ; Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
Authors: Noor Azwani Mohd Rasidek | Liza Md Salleh | Nurizzati Mohd Daud | Nicky Rahmana Putra | Shuhada Atika Idrus Saidi | Ahmad Syahmi Zaini | Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini
Source: Journal of Food Measurement & Characterization (article, 2026-03-26)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Supercritical CO₂ valorization of palm oil sterilization condensate for functional bioactive compounds This study explores the green valorization of palm oil solid condensate (POSC) using supercritical CO₂–ethanol extraction. Temperature (40–80 °C) and pressure (10–30 MPa) were optimized to recover β-carotene, α-tocopherol, and phenolic-rich fractions. The optimum (80 °C, 13.6 MPa) produced 2.53 g extract with 9.34 mg/kg β-carotene and 15.44 mg/kg α-tocopherol. LC–MS/MS profiling revealed compositional evolution such as phenolic and lactone dominance at low severity; glycosides, flavonols, and alkaloids at intermediate; and triterpenoids and lignans at high severity. These compounds modulate NF-κB, MAPK, and Nrf2 pathways, supporting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The study confirms that controlled supercritical extraction can selectively tailor bioactive profiles from POSC, converting a palm oil by product into functional nutraceutical and pharmaceutical ingredients. Supercritical fluid ; Palm oil ; Nutraceutical ; Supercritical fluid extraction ; Supercritical carbon dioxide ; Natural product ; Antioxidant Edible Oils Quality and Analysis ; Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics ; Coconut Research and Applications
Authors: Alexander Nikolaev | Andrey Goluntsov | Kristina Plotnikova
Source: Frontiers in Chemical Engineering (article, 2026-01-27)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

A physically based rheological model for predicting the flow behavior of non-newtonian crude oil mixtures under cold climate conditions Accurate prediction of the rheological behavior of heavy crude oil mixtures is essential for pipeline transport under cold climate conditions. This study presents a physically based non-Newtonian rheological model that incorporates the coupled effects of temperature and mixture composition through temperature- and concentration-dependent expressions for the consistency coefficient and flow behavior index. The model was calibrated and validated using 88 experimental rheological measurements on binary mixtures of heavy Severo-Komsomolskoye and light Vankor crudes over a temperature range of 5C–60 °C, heavy-oil concentrations of 0%–100%, and shear rates of 1–300 s -1 . The proposed model predicts shear stress with a mean relative deviation of 8.7% and a root mean square error below 0.95 Pa, outperforming conventional Arrhenius, Refutas, and classical power-law correlations by a factor of 2–3. The model accurately captures the transition from non-Newtonian to near-Newtonian behavior with increasing temperature and dilution, providing a practical tool for hydraulic calculations and flow assurance design in cold-region pipeline systems. Rheology ; Flow (mathematics) ; Flow assurance ; Shear stress ; Approximation error ; Mean squared error ; Consistency (knowledge bases) ; Pipeline transport ; Shear (geology) Petroleum Processing and Analysis ; Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques ; Rheology and Fluid Dynamics Studies
Source: International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science (article, 2026-01-18)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors for Next-Generation Multi-Valued Logic and Mixed-Signal Applications: A Comprehensive Review As the scaling of conventional silicon-based CMOS technology approaches its fundamental physical limits, the "power wall" and diminishing performance gains have necessitated the exploration of "beyond-CMOS" alternatives.Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors (CNFETs) have emerged as one of the most promising candidates, offering superior carrier mobility, quasi-ballistic transport, and ideal electrostatic properties.This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in CNFET-based circuit design, with a specific focus on two key application areas: Multi-Valued Logic (MVL) and high-performance analog systems.We synthesize research on fundamental device-level challenges, including process variability, and map the progression from basic ternary logic gates to complex, multi-trait arithmetic systems.Furthermore, we analyze the performance of CNFETs in sequential, memory, and analog circuits, where they demonstrate orders-ofmagnitude improvements over their CMOS counterparts.The review identifies a critical gap between simulation-based performance claims and the lack of experimental validation.It concludes by outlining future research directions, emphasizing the need for variability-aware design methodologies and experimental verification to realize the full potential of this technology. Carbon nanotube ; Transistor ; Nanoelectronics ; Carbon nanotube field-effect transistor ; Carbon fibers Carbon Nanotubes in Composites ; Low-power high-performance VLSI design ; Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
Authors: Xia Yang | Guangchun Sun | Qian Xu | Qing Liang | Jianxing Liu
Source: Frontiers in Nanotechnology (article, 2026-03-04)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Dual - functional cRGD/pH - sensitive liposomes loaded with sorafenib: a novel therapeutic approach for hepatocellular carcinoma Background Sorafenib, a first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is severely limited by its low oral bioavailability, lack of tumor specificity, and dose-limiting systemic adverse effects. Nanocarrier-based delivery systems, particularly liposomes, offer a promising strategy to overcome these limitations. Methods We developed a multifunctional liposomal system co-modified with a cyclic RGD (cRGD) peptide and pH-sensitive components (cholesteryl hemisuccinate, CHEMS) for sorafenib delivery (cRGD-pH-Lipo/Sor). The physicochemical properties, drug release profile, stability, and biosafety of this formulation were thoroughly characterized. Its targeting efficiency, cellular uptake, and antitumor efficacy were evaluated in both in vitro (Huh7 and HepG2 cells) and in vivo (Huh7-xenograft nude mice) models using techniques including HPLC, fluorescence imaging, CCK-8 and in vivo imaging system (IVIS). Results The optimized cRGD-pH-Lipo/Sor exhibited a uniform particle size distribution (116.73 ± 1.07 nm, polydispersity index of 0.224 ± 0.0017), negative zeta potential (−22.2 ± 3.50 mV), high encapsulation efficiency (84.1%), and a desirable pH-responsive drug release profile (cumulative release: 73.2% at pH 5.0% vs. 38.4% at pH 7.4). In vitro , cRGD-pH-Lipo/Sor demonstrated significantly enhanced cellular uptake in HCC cells compared to free sorafenib and non-targeted liposomes, attributable to cRGD-mediated active targeting and pH-triggered release. In vivo imaging and biodistribution studies confirmed the superior tumor accumulation of cRGD-pH-Lipo. Most importantly, in a xenograft mouse model, cRGD-pH-Lipo/Sor achieved the most potent tumor growth inhibition without inducing significant systemic toxicity, as evidenced by body weight monitoring, serum biochemical analysis, and histopathological examination. Conclusion The cRGD-modified, pH-sensitive liposomal platform effectively addresses key pharmacological drawbacks of sorafenib. It enhances tumor-targeted delivery, promotes intracellular drug release, and significantly improves the therapeutic index, presenting a promising novel strategy for the systemic treatment of advanced HCC. Sorafenib ; Biodistribution ; Hepatocellular carcinoma ; Liposome ; Drug delivery ; Therapeutic index ; Drug ; Nanocarriers ; Drug carrier Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; RNA Interference and Gene Delivery ; Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis
Authors: Gagik Ayvazyan | Arthur Aghabekyan
Source: Engineering Technology & Applied Science Research (article, 2026-04-04)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Simulation and Experimental Study of the Optical Properties of Black Silicon Synthesized by Reactive Ion Etching This work presents a combined numerical and experimental study of the optical properties of black Silicon (b-Si), which is synthesized by reactive ion etching. Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulations based on a periodic nanocone model were used to analyze how nanostructure geometry influences spectral absorption, reflectance, and transmittance. The modeling results show that nanocone heights in the range of 650-700 nm and dense packing conditions, where the base diameter approaches the periodicity, provide optimal broadband antireflection. Experimental measurements confirm a reduction of the average reflectance to below ~2–3% in the visible range (400-700 nm) for b-Si layers with heights around 670 nm, in good agreement with simulation trends. The results establish quantitative geometric design rules for the targeted fabrication of broadband antireflective silicon surfaces and demonstrate the potential of b-Si for applications in silicon solar cells, photodetectors, and other optoelectronic devices. Black silicon ; Anti-reflective coating ; Silicon ; Broadband ; Fabrication ; Nanostructure ; Etching (microfabrication) ; Range (aeronautics) Optical Coatings and Gratings ; Thin-Film Transistor Technologies ; Nanowire Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Hafsa Jamshaid | Vijay Chandan | Awais Ahmad | Rajesh Mishra | Miroslav Müller
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2026-03-22)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Analysis of functional and serviceability performance in sustainable yarns and socks by using multi-response optimization technique Socks are among the fundamental items of clothing widely used in sports and outdoor activities. The wide scale usage demands socks with enhanced comfort and functional properties. Research is now focused on the development of sustainable textiles using alternative fibers with multifunctionality and balanced comfort addressing the consumer demand. This study aims at the development of multifunctional socks using three different bast fibers i.e. banana, flax & hemp blended with cotton fibers in three different blend percentages of 10:90, 20:80 and 30:70. 100% cotton fiber sample was used as control. Physical, mechanical, comfort, antibacterial and ultraviolet protection properties of the samples were evaluated to investigate the effect of fiber type and blend percentage on the final performance. There is significant effect of the type of fiber on the properties of developed socks, for example, flax fibers blended socks exhibited better strength than all other samples beside higher air permeability. Banana fibers blended socks exhibited better moisture management and ultraviolet protection. Hemp fibers blended socks exhibited better abrasion resistance. Regarding the effect of blend percentage, it was found that 10% & 20% blend of bast fibers demonstrated better properties as a whole increasing their percentage shows some intricate results. Antibacterial performance was qualitatively evaluated using parallel streak method. Blended samples demonstrated better properties as compared to the control samples which advocate the use of alternative fibers to enhance the properties. Results were statistically analyzed to evaluate the reliability and significance of results using ANOVA analysis and multi-response optimization was done using Taguchi grey relational analysis and then the samples were ranked accordingly. The sample with 10% banana fibers was ranked as 1st, following the sample with 10% flax fibers as second and then 20% banana fibers as the third. SOCKS ; Bast fibre ; Taguchi methods ; Fiber type ; Fiber ; Kenaf ; Serviceability (structure) Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Textile materials and evaluations ; Research in Cotton Cultivation
Authors: Nikita Kalashnikov | Leonard Pinchuk | Joshua Vorstenbosch
Source: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology (article, 2026-02-26)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Diminished fibrotic encapsulation and comparable physicochemical properties of poly (styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene) support its use as a biomaterial alternative to silicone implants Silicone - namely polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) - is a widely recognized elastomeric biomaterial commonly used in implantable medical devices such as breast implants, cardiac pacemakers and drug delivery devices. Despite its widespread use, PDMS can elicit a strong foreign body response with fibrous encapsulation that leads to discomfort, pain and implantable device failure in approximately 10% of cases. Poly (styrene-<i>block</i>-isobutylene-<i>block</i>-styrene) (SIBS) is a thermoplastic elastomer used clinically as a drug-eluting coating for coronary stents and experimentally in ocular drainage devices. Although SIBS has demonstrated excellent biocompatibility in these applications, the foreign body response it elicits has not yet been extensively studied in more inflammation-prone anatomic sites such as skin rich in macrophages and fibroblasts. Here, we characterize the physicochemical properties of SIBS, examine its effect on macrophage-fibroblast interactions and evaluate its biocompatibility by implanting it subcutaneously in mice to ultimately assess its viability as a potential alternative to PDMS. We establish that both materials have comparable physicochemical properties, demonstrate that fibroblasts adopt a less contractile pro-inflammatory phenotype when exposed to SIBS-macrophage conditioned media and show reduced fibrotic encapsulation around SIBS implants in mice. These results suggest that SIBS could potentially be a favorable biomaterial alternative to silicone in clinical applications. Biocompatibility ; Silicone ; Biomaterial ; Polydimethylsiloxane ; Silicone Elastomers ; Elastomer ; Biocompatible material ; Drug delivery Polymer Surface Interaction Studies ; Ocular Disorders and Treatments ; Corneal Surgery and Treatments