jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: J. Myles | D. Gruen | T Jeltema | A Mantz | S. W. Allen | S Fu | A Kremin | José Aguilar | S. P. Ahlen | D. Bianchi | D Brooks | F J Castander | T. Claybaugh | A de la Macorra | Arjun Dey | Peter Doel | S Ferraro | J. E. Forero-Romero | E Gaztañaga | S Gontcho A Gontcho | G Gutierrez | K Honscheid | M Ishak | R. Kehoe | D Kirkby | T. Kisner | O. Lahav | M Landriau | L Le Guillou | Marc Manera | A Meisner | R. Miquel | John Moustakas | S Nadathur | J A Newman | N Palanque-Delabrouille | F Prada | I Pérez-Ràfols | G Rossi | E Sanchez | D Schlegel | M Schubnell | J. Silber | D Sprayberry | G Tarlé | B A Weaver | R Zhou
Source: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (article, 2025-10-22)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Spectroscopic Characterization of redMaPPer Galaxy Clusters with DESI ABSTRACT Optical galaxy cluster identification algorithms such as redMaPPer promise to enable an array of astrophysical and cosmological studies, but suffer from biases whereby galaxies in front of and behind a galaxy cluster are mistakenly associated with the primary cluster halo. These projection effects caused by irreducible photometric redshift uncertainty must be quantified to facilitate the use of optical cluster catalogues. We present measurements of galaxy cluster projection effects and velocity dispersion using spectroscopy from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument. Our findings are as follows: we confirm that the fraction of redMaPPer putative member galaxies mistakenly associated with cluster haloes is richness dependent, being more than twice as large at low richness than high richness; we present the first spectroscopic evidence of an increase in projection effects with increasing redshift, by as much as 25 per cent from $z\sim 0.1$ to $z\sim 0.2$; moreover, we find qualitative evidence for luminosity dependence in projection effects, with fainter galaxies being more commonly far behind clusters than their bright counterparts; finally, we fit the scaling relation between measured mean spectroscopic richness and velocity dispersion, finding an implied linear scaling between spectroscopic richness and halo mass. We discuss further directions for the application of spectroscopic data sets to improve use of optically selected clusters to test cosmological models. Characterization (materials science) ; Galaxy ; Astrophysics ; Galaxy cluster ; Physics ; Materials science ; Nanotechnology Nanocluster Synthesis and Applications ; 2D Materials and Applications ; Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties
Authors: Elmer Meza R. | Luis Alberto Astuhuamán Pardavé | Edwin Paucarchuco M. | Raúl R. Caballa León | Aníbal Rodriguez–Vargas
Source: Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú (article, 2025-02-28)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Ecuaciones de predicción del peso y rendimiento de carcasa de cuyes en base a sus atributos morfométricos The aim of this study was to validate the use of mathematical equations to predict the weight and yield of the carcass of guinea pigs based on their morphometric measurements. The following measurements were determined in 60 male and female guinea pigs aging 11 to 12 weeks: head width (AC), head length (LC), thoracic depth (PT, thoracic width (AT), body length (LM) and left leg thickness (EP), in addition to live weight (BW). Carcass weight (PC) and yield (RC) were estimated based on carcasses of animals slaughtered after 12 hours of fasting. A multiple regression model and the Stepwise Regression procedure of the SAS statistical software were used to select and assess the contribution of the biometric attributes in determining the prediction equation with optimal goodness-of-fit characteristics for the variables to be predicted. It was found that PV, AC and AT are the best predictors of PC in males (R² = 0.98; Cp-Mallows = 2.35), and PV and AT in females (R² = 0.97; Cp-Mallows = 0.86); while AC and AT are for RC in males (R² = 0.61; Cp-Mallows = 3.24), and only AC in females (R² = 0.55; Cp-Mallows = 0.49). It is concluded that live weight is the morphometric attribute with the highest incidence for the prediction of carcass weight in guinea pigs in both sexes, while thoracic width and head width are for carcass yield in both sexes. Physics Textile materials and evaluations
Authors: Ying Zhao | Xiaoyu Song | Wenfeng Luo | Fangmei Xie | Jian Shen | Jinhua He | Zeping Han | Jinju Huang
Source: Frontiers in Oncology (review, 2025-11-11)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Post-translational modifications of protein and lung cancer Post-translational modifications (PTMs) represent a pivotal regulatory mechanism in cellular processes, wherein the addition or removal of specific functional groups to amino acid residues dynamically modulates protein activity, subcellular localization, expression levels, and interactions with other biomolecules. Key PTMs, including phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, and emerging types like succinylation and crotonylation, exponentially diversify the proteome's functional landscape. In lung cancer, PTMs orchestrate critical pathological processes, such as EGFR phosphorylation-driven proliferation, H3K27me3-mediated epigenetic silencing, and KEAP1 succinylation-regulated redox homeostasis. Recent advances in mass spectrometry (MS), phosphoproteomics, and epigenomic profiling have enabled systematic mapping of PTM networks, revealing their potential as diagnostic biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and predictors of drug response. This review synthesizes the mechanistic roles of PTMs in lung cancer pathogenesis and their translational applications, highlighting multi-omics integration and PTM-targeted therapies as future frontiers in precision oncology. Epigenomics ; Succinylation ; Epigenetics ; KEAP1 ; Lung cancer ; Subcellular localization ; Mechanism (biology) ; Proteomics ; Protein expression Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Peptidase Inhibition and Analysis ; Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Authors: W. T. Chen | Ko-Han Shih | C. Kyle Renshaw
Source: Photonics (article, 2025-01-06)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Dispersive Sweatt Model for Broadband Lens Design with Metasurfaces The Sweatt model has been extensively used to design optical systems containing diffractive optical elements (DOEs) because it captures the dispersive characteristics of DOEs. We introduce a new dispersive Sweatt model (DSM) that can describe meta-atom (MA) dispersion, which has material and geometric contributions in addition to diffraction. It uses a wavelength-dependent scalar coefficient to modify the diffractive dispersion and describe the dispersion of a given MA basis. This provides a robust framework to design systems containing metasurface (MS) elements while including their unique dispersive properties in the design optimization. Importantly, the DSM is based on ray optics and enables the design of MS-containing systems using conventional optical design software such as Zemax and Code V. We use the DSM to demonstrate the design of a hybrid refractive/MS achromatic doublet for the midwave infrared (MWIR) band. The design example includes multiple wavelengths and field angles during optimization and demonstrates excellent agreement between the DSM and real hybrid lens performance modeled using wave optics. We discuss the limits of the DSM and present a simple model to predict performance limits due to phase mismatch at Fresnel zone boundaries. Achromatic lens ; Optics ; Zemax ; Lens (geology) ; Broadband ; Fresnel lens ; Wavelength ; Physics ; Diffraction ; Dispersion (optics) ; Geometrical optics ; Computer science ; Software Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Optical Wireless Communication Technologies
Authors: Zhige Wang | Xingzhao Xiong | Xiaowen Liu
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2025-02-08)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Proteoform identification using multiplexed top-down mass spectra Top-down mass spectrometry (TDMS) is the method of choice for analyzing intact proteoforms, as well as their post-translational modifications and sequence variations. In TDMS experiments, multiple proteoforms are often co-fragmented in tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis, resulting in multiplexed TD-MS/MS spectra. Since multiplexed TD-MS/MS spectra are more complex than common spectra generated from single proteoforms, these spectra pose a significant challenge for proteoform identification and quantification. Here we present TopMPI, a new computational tool specifically designed for the identification of multiplexed TD-MS/MS spectra. Experimental results demonstrate that TopMPI significantly increases proteoform identifications and reduces identification errors in multiplexed TD-MS/MS spectral analysis compared to existing tools. Identification (biology) ; Multiplexing ; Computer science ; Mass spectrum ; Computational biology ; Mass spectrometry ; Chemistry ; Chromatography ; Biology ; Telecommunications ; Botany Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Identification and Quantification in Food
Authors: Xinman Yin | Yanyu Zhao
Source: Light Science & Applications (article, 2025-09-15)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

An open invisible space enabled by reconfigurable metasurfaces and self-play reinforcement learning An open, dynamic, and electromagnetically invisible space has been constructed using reconfigurable metasurfaces and self-play reinforcement learning. A model named MetaSeeker is proposed to optimize the cloaking performance of randomly distributed metasurfaces. The hidden objects can move freely within the constructed invisible space, with environmental similarity of 99.5%. This advancement provides an innovative solution for cloaking technologies in complex environments. An open invisible space enabled by reconfigurable metasurfaces and self-play reinforcement learning. Cloaking ; Camouflage ; Reinforcement learning ; Space (punctuation) ; Metamaterial ; Reinforcement Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Materials and Mechanics ; Advanced Memory and Neural Computing
Authors: Yaroslav V. Kozmenko | Marat M. Khisamov | Svetlana V. Revtovich | С. П. Королев | Daria K. Sherman | Vasiliy V. Spiridonov | Lyudmila B. Kalnina | Vladimir T. Valuev-Elliston | Marina Gottikh | Sergey N. Kochetkov | Anastasia S. Zemskaya | Pavel N. Solyev
Source: International Journal of Molecular Sciences (article, 2025-08-29)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Anti-HIV and Antimicrobial Activity of 7-Hydrazino-8-hydroxyquinoline-Based Aromatic Hydrazones Aromatic hydrazones of 7-hydrazino-8-hydroxyquinoline were studied as anti-HIV and antibacterial compounds. A set of the compounds with different aromatic moieties bearing electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents has been selected and obtained via the hydrazo coupling and "one-pot" click reaction with aldehydes. The compounds possess activity against both bacterial and fungal targets. Cellular Ku70-inhibiting activity has been found for the series, opening a new class of inhibitors for potential anti-HIV treatment. The compounds display anti-HIV activity in infected cells at submicromolar concentrations. Their low solubility can be overcome by incorporation in water-soluble neutral polyalginate microgels (33% wt load of the compound). 8-Hydroxyquinoline ; Antimicrobial ; Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ; Chemistry ; Combinatorial chemistry ; Medicine ; Organic chemistry ; Virology Click Chemistry and Applications ; HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment ; Synthesis and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Junzhi Qiu | Jieli Duan | Zhaoxin Zhang | Zhong Xue
Source: Frontiers in Plant Science (article, 2025-05-05)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Parameter design and experiment of rotary plate pineapple fruit picker Research on pineapple harvesting machinery remains in its early stages, and the design and development of such machinery play a crucial role in advancing mechanization and automation within the pineapple industry. This study designs the rotary plate pineapple fruit harvester's cutting table structure based on the physical and mechanical properties of pineapple plants. The design process includes simulating manual harvesting techniques. Initially, a thorough analysis was performed to determine the structural parameters of the cutting table's key components, including the plucking speed ratio, the height of the fruit-picking plate from the ground, and the forward speed of the harvester. A stress analysis of the stem during harvesting was then conducted based on the principle of large deflection. This analysis allowed for the examination of two conditions that occur during fruit picking: (1) the stress state when the fruit and stem are separated at the end of the stem connection, and (2) the stress state when the stem breaks at a point along its length, leading to separation. A simplified rigid-flexible coupling model of the cutting platform and pineapple plant was developed using simulation software, followed by a three-factor, five-level virtual response surface analysis. This analysis was conducted to determine the optimal parameter combinations that would ensure the effective force exerted by the picking plate on the pineapple exceeds the average separation force of 60.45 N, while minimizing the peak force. The optimal parameters included a pulling ratio of 1.8, a picking plate center height of 890 mm above the ground, and a forward speed of the harvester of 0.4 m/s. Subsequent field experiments were carried out to validate the effectiveness of the optimal picking plate parameters. The field experiments with the optimal parameter combination demonstrated that the pineapple fruit picking rate was 71.3%, and the damage rate was 14.8%. The study's results provide valuable insights for future research on pineapple harvesting machinery. Deflection (physics) ; Structural engineering ; Mechanical engineering ; Engineering Silk-based biomaterials and applications ; Pineapple and bromelain studies ; Date Palm Research Studies
Authors: Hüseyin Toktamış | Tamer Sertaç Güneş | Dilek Toktamış
Source: Luminescence (article, 2025-06-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Investigation of the Use of Naturally Grown CaCO <sub>3</sub> Crystals on Rocks as a Radiation Dosimeter via Thermoluminescence Method This study investigates the thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of naturally occurring CaCO<sub>3</sub> crystals found on rocks collected from the Akçatekir region of Adana, Turkey. The research evaluates some of the radiation dosimeter parameters such as dose-response, heating rate, reusability, and fading. Both crystals demonstrate favorable TL properties with distinct TL glow curves. One of the crystals exhibits two prominent TL peaks at approximately 90°C and 235°C, while the other shows peaks around 115°C and 300°C. Both crystals display a broad linear dose-response range from 2 to 576 Gy. Although repeated experiments lead to a reduction in the low-temperature peak, the dosimetric peak (near 220°C) remains largely unaffected. Additionally, TL intensity decreases as the waiting time between irradiation and measurement increases. However, the fading process does not compromise the structural integrity of the crystals or introduce new TL peaks. Given their wide linear dose-response range, strong reusability with standard deviation of 2.71%, and stable dosimetric peak under ambient conditions, these crystals appear to be promising candidates for dosimetric applications. Thermoluminescence ; Dosimeter ; Materials science ; Irradiation ; Radiation ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Range (aeronautics) ; Radiochemistry ; Luminescence ; Optics ; Optoelectronics ; Chemistry ; Physics ; Nuclear physics ; Composite material Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials ; Nuclear materials and radiation effects ; Radiation Effects and Dosimetry
Authors: Ioanna K. Sfampa
Source: Methods and Protocols (article, 2025-10-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Dose-Response Behavior of Dental Material Using General Kinetic Order and Lambert W Deconvolution Models in CW-OSL The present study presents a comparative evaluation of two analytical deconvolution models applied to Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) decay curves of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS), a glass-ceramic material with potential applications in accidental dosimetry. ZLS samples were subjected to beta irradiation and measured under Continuous Wave OSL (CW-OSL) protocols. A comparative analysis is conducted between two deconvolution approaches-the General Order Kinetics (GOK) model and a master analytical equation based on the Lambert W function. The results imply that both models yield a linear dose-response behavior of the fast OSL component; however, the Lambert W approach offers simpler fitting with fewer parameters. The abovementioned findings demonstrate the methodological robustness of the Lambert W formalism and also confirm that ZLS is a promising dosimetric material, aligning with the goals of protocol development in material characterization. Deconvolution ; Formalism (music) ; Lambert W function ; Robustness (evolution) ; Isotropy ; Radiation Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation ; Radiation Effects and Dosimetry
Authors: Tori Cox | Volodymyr Gvozdetskyi | Mark Bertolami | Kevin Osborn | Renhai Wang | Raquel A. Ribeiro | K. M. Ho | Julia V. Zaikina
Source: Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie (article, 2025-05-14)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Bridging Experiment and Theory to Reveal Compounds in K–Zn(Cd)–Bi Systems This study investigates the facile hydride synthesis method guided by theoretical predictions to explore the K– T –Bi ( T = Zn, Cd) phase spaces. Using an adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) and density functional theory (DFT), candidate compositions are identified for experimental validation via a facile hydrides route, permitting experimental screening of K–Zn–Bi and “empty” K–Cd–Bi systems. The previously reported KZnBi and KZn 2 Bi 2 are synthesized alongside newly discovered KCdBi and KCd 2 Bi 2 . While the AGA and DFT predict the stability of these compounds, structural predictions align with the experiment only for KZnBi and KZn 2 Bi 2 . Single‐crystal X‐ray structure refinements confirm that KZnBi and KZn 2 Bi 2 adopt the hexagonal ZrBeSi‐ and tetragonal ThCr 2 Si 2 ‐structure types, respectively. KCdBi has tetragonal PbClF‐structure type and KCd 2 Bi 2 belongs to the ThCr 2 Si 2 ‐structure type. A trend based on the ratio of the metal ionic radii allows to rationalize variation in the structure types within the AT Bi family ( A = Li–Cs), correctly identifying KCdBi as isostructural to NaZnBi. Thermal stability studied by high‐temperature powder X‐ray diffraction reveals that Zn‐containing compounds melt at higher temperatures (821 K for KZn 2 Bi 2 ) than Cd‐containing KCd 2 Bi 2 (635 K). This study highlights the efficacy of combining rapid synthesis techniques with predictive modeling, though structural predictions show some limitations in accuracy. Bridging (networking) ; Materials science ; Engineering physics ; Nanotechnology ; Physics ; Computer science Inorganic Chemistry and Materials ; Quasicrystal Structures and Properties ; Semiconductor materials and interfaces
Authors: Sanghee Kim | Ju‐Hyun Mun | Saehan Park | C. Y. Choi | Seongwon Hong
Source: Applied Sciences (article, 2025-01-03)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Damage Limit Velocity and Fracture Patterns in Single Glass Plates Impacted by Steel Balls of Varying Diameters Slingshots, traditionally viewed as children’s toys, have recently been modified for malicious purposes, including firing steel balls at building windows, causing significant damage. This misuse necessitates the development of methods to estimate impact velocity and launch point based on glass damage patterns at incident scenes. To achieve this, a comprehensive database correlating glass damage shapes with steel ball diameters is essential. This study conducted experiments to investigate the damage patterns of 5 mm thick glass upon impact with 8 mm and 10 mm steel balls. The damage limit velocities for 8 mm and 10 mm steel balls to cause damage to 5 mm glass were approximately 40 m/s and 21 m/s, respectively. Glass damage was categorized into two types: cone cracks and perforated holes. While cone crack patterns were similar for both 8 mm and 10 mm steel balls, perforation patterns exhibited distinct tendencies. Consequently, the impact velocity of each steel ball can be estimated based on the size of the perforated hole. However, determining the steel ball diameter solely from the size of the cone crack and perforated hole remains challenging. Materials science ; Ball (mathematics) ; Perforation ; Composite material ; Ballistic limit ; Laminated glass ; Toughened glass ; Metallurgy ; Projectile ; Geometry ; Mathematics ; Layer (electronics) ; Punching High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior ; Engineering and Material Science Research ; Structural Response to Dynamic Loads
Authors: Hisanori Oshima | Ken Mochizuki | Ryusuke Hamazaki | Yohei Fuji
Source: Physical Review Letters (preprint, 2025-06-18)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Topology and Spectrum in Measurement-Induced Phase Transitions Competition among repetitive measurements of noncommuting observables and unitary dynamics can give rise to a wide variety of entanglement phases. Here, we propose a general framework based on Lyapunov analysis to characterize topological properties in monitored quantum systems through their spectrum and many-body topological invariants. We illustrate this framework by analyzing (1+1)-dimensional monitored circuits for Majorana fermions, which are known to exhibit topological and trivial area-law entangled phases as well as a critical phase with sub-volume-law entanglement. Through the Lyapunov analysis, we identify the presence (absence) of edge-localized zero modes inside the bulk gap in the topological (trivial) phase and a bulk gapless spectrum in the critical phase. Furthermore, by suitably exploiting the fermion parity with twisted measurement outcomes at the boundary, we construct a topological invariant that distinguishes the two area-law phases and dynamically characterizes the critical phase. Our framework thus provides a general route to extend the notion of bulk-edge correspondence to monitored quantum dynamics. Topology (electrical circuits) ; Spectrum (functional analysis) ; Phase (matter) ; Physics ; Statistical physics ; Engineering ; Quantum mechanics ; Electrical engineering Solidification and crystal growth phenomena