jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Frederic Lens | Chao Liang | Yuanhao Guo | Xiaoqin Tang | Mehrdad Jahanbanifard | Flávio Soares Corrêa da Silva | Gregório Ceccantini | Fons J. Verbeek
Source: IAWA Journal - KU Leuven/IAWA Journal (article, 2020-06-27)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Computer-assisted timber identification based on features extracted from microscopic wood sections Abstract Wood anatomy is one of the most important methods for timber identification. However, training wood anatomy experts is time-consuming, while at the same time the number of senior wood anatomists with broad taxonomic expertise is declining. Therefore, we want to explore how a more automated, computer-assisted approach can support accurate wood identification based on microscopic wood anatomy. For our exploratory research, we used an available image dataset that has been applied in several computer vision studies, consisting of 112 — mainly neotropical — tree species representing 20 images of transverse sections for each species. Our study aims to review existing computer vision methods and compare the success of species identification based on (1) several image classifiers based on manually adjusted texture features, and (2) a state-of-the-art approach for image classification based on deep learning, more specifically Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). In support of previous studies, a considerable increase of the correct identification is accomplished using deep learning, leading to an accuracy rate up to 95.6%. This remarkably high success rate highlights the fundamental potential of wood anatomy in species identification and motivates us to expand the existing database to an extensive, worldwide reference database with transverse and tangential microscopic images from the most traded timber species and their look-a-likes. This global reference database could serve as a valuable future tool for stakeholders involved in combatting illegal logging and would boost the societal value of wood anatomy along with its collections and experts. Identification (biology) ; Convolutional neural network ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Deep learning ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Machine learning ; Ecology ; Biology Wood and Agarwood Research ; Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications ; Microbial Metabolism and Applications
Authors: Cyril Ruckebusch | Raffaele Vitale | Mahdiyeh Ghaffari | Siewert Hugelier | Nematollah Omidikia
Source: TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry (article, 2020-09-23)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Perspective on essential information in multivariate curve resolution Interpretability ; Computer science ; Multivariate statistics ; Perspective (graphical) ; Data mining ; Selection (genetic algorithm) ; Convex hull ; Matrix decomposition ; Resolution (logic) ; Algorithm ; Regular polygon ; Mathematics ; Artificial intelligence ; Machine learning Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Advanced Statistical Methods and Models ; Sensory Analysis and Statistical Methods
Authors: Qinlin Xiao | Xiulin Bai | Pan Gao | Yong He
Source: Sensors (article, 2020-09-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Application of Convolutional Neural Network-Based Feature Extraction and Data Fusion for Geographical Origin Identification of Radix Astragali by Visible/Short-Wave Near-Infrared and Near Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging Radix Astragali is a prized traditional Chinese functional food that is used for both medicine and food purposes, with various benefits such as immunomodulation, anti-tumor, and anti-oxidation. The geographical origin of Radix Astragali has a significant impact on its quality attributes. Determining the geographical origins of Radix Astragali is essential for quality evaluation. Hyperspectral imaging covering the visible/short-wave near-infrared range (Vis-NIR, 380-1030 nm) and near-infrared range (NIR, 874-1734 nm) were applied to identify Radix Astragali from five different geographical origins. Principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to form score images to achieve preliminary qualitative identification. PCA and convolutional neural network (CNN) were used for feature extraction. Measurement-level fusion and feature-level fusion were performed on the original spectra at different spectral ranges and the corresponding features. Support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), and CNN models based on full wavelengths, extracted features, and fusion datasets were established with excellent results; all the models obtained an accuracy of over 98% for different datasets. The results illustrate that hyperspectral imaging combined with CNN and fusion strategy could be an effective method for origin identification of Radix Astragali. Hyperspectral imaging ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Convolutional neural network ; Principal component analysis ; Radix (gastropod) ; Artificial intelligence ; Support vector machine ; Feature extraction ; Computer science ; Feature (linguistics) ; Fusion ; Biology Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Traditional Chinese Medicine Analysis ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
Authors: Yalin Wang | Thanatheepan Balachandran | Yovahn Yesuraiyan R. Hoole | Yi Yin | Kiruba S. Haran
Source: IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification (article, 2020-03-06)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Partial Discharge Investigation of Form-Wound Electric Machine Winding for Electric Aircraft Propulsion Electric machine for aircraft propulsion is required to have high power density and high reliability, but the harsh operating environment, such as low air pressure, will challenge the motor's insulation system. This article presents the partial discharge (PD) investigation of the form-wound winding in high-frequency electric machines for electric aircraft propulsion. Experimental results show that the PD activity is largely enhanced due to the decrease in air pressure. PD inception voltage (PDIV) decreases to ~50%-60%, and the PD magnitude dramatically increases when the pressure drops from 1 to 0.2 atm. Several windings with introduced defects were also tested to extract features from phase-resolved PD (PRPD) analysis, which can be used for PD pattern recognition. In addition, a PD-based failure precursor, combining the apparent charge, number, and phase interval of the monitored PD profile, is proposed to monitor the insulating condition of the thermally and electrically aged windings. The proposed failure precursor generally shows a rising trend with the aging time in this article. The application of the proposed failure precursor on online condition monitoring needs more investigation through long-term online observation of the electric machine. Partial discharge ; Electromagnetic coil ; Propulsion ; Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion ; Reliability (semiconductor) ; Voltage ; Automotive engineering ; Electrical engineering ; Materials science ; Electric field ; High voltage ; Insulation system ; Phase (matter) ; Power (physics) ; Engineering ; Aerospace engineering ; Chemistry ; Physics High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Electromagnetic Compatibility and Noise Suppression ; Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics
Authors: Alexander Clausen | Dieter Weber | Karina Ruzaeva | Vadim Migunov | Anand Baburajan | Abijith Bahuleyan | Jan Caron | Rahul Chandra | Sayandip Halder | Magnus Nord | Knut Müller‐Caspary | Rafal E. Dunin–Borkowski
Source: The Journal of Open Source Software (article, 2020-06-20)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

LiberTEM: Software platform for scalable multidimensional data processing in transmission electron microscopy Clausen et al., (2020). LiberTEM: Software platform for scalable multidimensional data processing in transmission electron microscopy. Journal of Open Source Software, 5(50), 2006, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.02006 Software ; Scalability ; Computer science ; Transmission (telecommunications) ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Computational science ; Computer architecture ; Materials science ; Nanotechnology ; Operating system ; Telecommunications Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques ; Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications ; Machine Learning in Materials Science
Authors: Jie Deng | Jing Li | Shuang Song | Yanping Zhou | Luming Li
Source: Nanomaterials (article, 2020-02-18)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Electrolyte-Dependent Supercapacitor Performance on Nitrogen-Doped Porous Bio-Carbon from Gelatin The carbon supercapacitance strongly relies upon the electrolyte's nature, but the clear-cut structure-performance nexus remains elusive. Herein, a series of bio-carbons with gradually varied pore structure and surface chemistry are derived using a new salt template protocol (with eco-benign KNO<sub>3</sub> as the template, activator, and porogen, and cheap gelatin as the carbon precursor), and are used as model systems to probe the dependence of the electrochemical mechanism of such nanocarbons on two typical electrolytes (KOH and EMIBF<sub>4</sub>). By only adjusting the KNO<sub>3</sub> dosage, two pivotal figures of merit of biochar-multiscale porosity and surface functionalization-were finely modulated to construct electric double layers. Electrochemical data clarify that the combined porosity and doping effects all contribute to enhanced supercapacitance, but with only one of the two factors playing the leading role in different electrolytes. Kinetic analysis corroborates the fact that ample heteroatom doping can effectively compensate capacitance by intensive surface redox insertion in KOH, while a suitable pore size dispersion plays a preponderant part in self-amplifying the ion partitioning, and thus dictating a good charge separation in EMIBF<sub>4</sub>. A quasi-quantitative model of performance-structure relevance in EMIBF<sub>4</sub> is judiciously conjectured to hint at a superb ion-pore-size compatibility, in which bi- or mono-layer ion confinement coupling in integrated single and double ion-sized pores is found to be more useful for curbing notorious over-screening effects and for changing the coordination number, Coulombic ordering, and phase conformation of EMIBF<sub>4</sub> in several nm-sized nanopores. This unique energy storage fashion in ion-matching pores promotes the energy density of optimal samples to a novel level of 88.3 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup> at 1 kW kg<sup>-1</sup>, which rivals the overwhelming majority of the reported carbon materials. In short, the comparison case study here reveals a valuable correlation of carbon's figure of merit and electrolyte type, which may act as a vital rudder to design electrolyte-contingent state-of-the-art supercapacitor materials. Supercapacitor ; Gelatin ; Electrolyte ; Materials science ; Porosity ; Chemical engineering ; Nitrogen ; Carbon fibers ; Doping ; Nanotechnology ; Electrochemistry ; Electrode ; Composite material ; Chemistry ; Optoelectronics ; Organic chemistry ; Composite number ; Engineering Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication ; Aerogels and thermal insulation ; Advancements in Battery Materials
Authors: Rameshthangam Palanivel | Solairaj Dhanasekaran | Gnanapragasam Arunachalam | P. Ramasamy
Source: Journal of Enzymes (article, 2020-02-24)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Chitin and Chitinases: Biomedical And Environmental Applications of Chitin and its Derivatives Disposal of chitin wastes from crustacean shell can cause environmental and health hazards. Chitin is a well known abundant natural polymer extracted after deproteinization and demineralization of the shell wastes of shrimp, crab, lobster, and krill. Extraction of chitin and its derivatives from waste material is one of the alternative ways to turn the waste into useful products. Chitinases are enzymes that degrade chitin. Chitinases contribute to the generation of carbon and nitrogen in the ecosystem. Chitin and chitinolytic enzymes are gaining importance for their biotechnological applications. The presence of surface charge and multiple functional groups make chitin as a beneficial natural polymer. Due to the reactive functional groups chitin can be used for the preparation of a spectrum of chitin derivatives such as chitosan, alkyl chitin, sulfated chitin, dibutyryl chitin and carboxymethyl chitin for specific applications in different areas. The present review is aimed to summarize the efficacy of the chitinases on the chitin and its derivatives and their diverse applications in biomedical and environmental field. Further this review also discusses the synthesis of various chitin derivatives in detail and brings out the importance of chitin and its derivatives in biomedical and environmental applications. Chitin ; Chitosan ; Chitinase ; Chemistry ; Demineralization ; Polysaccharide ; Biology ; Organic chemistry ; Enzyme ; Materials science Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging ; Studies on Chitinases and Chitosanases ; Pineapple and bromelain studies
Authors: Clemens Huber | Saman Setoodeh Jahromy | Felix Birkelbach | Jakob Weber | Christian Jordan | Manfred Schreiner | Michael Harasek | Franz Winter
Source: Energy Science & Engineering (article, 2020-02-05)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

The multistep decomposition of boric acid Abstract Due to its high potential for thermal energy storage systems (Huber, Setoodeh Jahromy, Jordan, et al, Energies. 2019;12:17) the decomposition of boric acid is of particular interest in the field of applied research. The complexity of the reaction mechanism, with its multiple partial‐overlapping reaction steps, hitherto prevented a clear identification and analysis of each stoichiometric reaction step. So far, various research teams performed different kinetic analyses of boric acid, which led to various reaction mechanisms and stoichiometric reaction steps with yet inconclusive results for process modeling. Thus, a deeper examination of the process was desirable, to validate whether a proposed reaction is reasonable or not. For this purpose, experimental data were used for a deconvolution of the reaction sequence, using the Fraser‐Suzuki function, which clearly revealed the respective single reactions. The results of the deconvolution were compared with the proposed reaction steps in consideration of the stoichiometric ratio and thereby illustrated that the decomposition of polycrystalline boric acid more likely consists of three reaction steps. In contrary to the two‐step mechanism, the three‐step mechanism showed a very good correlation ( r &gt; 99%). Based on these outcomes, kinetic analyses were performed for each reaction step, by means of the nonparametric kinetics 2 (NPK2) method with subsequent determination of kinetic parameters. Additionally, for a deeper insight into the reaction, analyzing techniques like X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) were applied. Deconvolution ; Boric acid ; Stoichiometry ; Thermal decomposition ; Reaction mechanism ; Chemistry ; Order of reaction ; Kinetic energy ; Reaction rate ; Thermal analysis ; Decomposition ; Materials science ; Thermodynamics ; Kinetics ; Physical chemistry ; Thermal ; Reaction rate constant ; Computer science ; Algorithm ; Catalysis ; Physics ; Organic chemistry Thermal and Kinetic Analysis ; Zeolite Catalysis and Synthesis ; Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
Authors: Xiaoqing Chen | Imdad Ali | Lijian Song | Peng Song | Youchen Zhang | Maria Semeniuk | Nazmus Saadat | Weimin Yang | Hom Nath Dhakal | Haoyi Li | Mohini Sain | Seeram Ramakrishna
Source: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (review, 2020-09-04)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

A review on recent advancement of nano-structured-fiber-based metal-air batteries and future perspective In an era of sustainable development and innovation ecosystem, a high-energy density is one of the important requirements for the development of new energy storage modalities, including battery technology. In a metal-air battery (MAB) system, metals function as negative active substances, and oxygen in the air acts as the positive component. Research to date confirms that, MABs have an exceptionally high energy density, durability, and specific power compared to conventional batteries. In addition, they are environmentally friendly, low-cost, and lightweight. In battery construction, fibrous materials have been shown to improve thermal stability, electronic & ionic conductivity, and cyclical performance of MABs. This is due to their outstanding properties that include large surface area-to-volume ratio, controllable morphology and highly porous structure. In this review, the basic working principle of MABs is presented. A critical overview that using a diverse array of fibrous materials related to metal-based, metal oxide-based, and carbon-based fiber shape materials used in MABs such as Li–O2, Zn–O2, Mg–O2, and Al–O2 systems are comprehensively summarized. We also identify the most promising systems according to their established scientific database with respect to sustainable development. Finally, the existing challenges and prospects are stressed considering the future perspective of MABs and fiber-shaped structure electrode material. Battery (electricity) ; Materials science ; Durability ; Nanotechnology ; Fiber ; Energy storage ; Oxide ; Environmentally friendly ; Process engineering ; Engineering physics ; Composite material ; Engineering ; Power (physics) ; Metallurgy Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication ; Advanced battery technologies research ; Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies
Authors: John A. Hondred | Zachary T. Johnson | Jonathan C. Claussen
Source: Journal of Materials Chemistry C (article, 2020-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Nanoporous gold peel-and-stick biosensors created with etching inkjet maskless lithography for electrochemical pesticide monitoring with microfluidics Flexible nanoporous gold and silver leaf are patterned without photolithography and adhered to microfluidics to create disposable multiplexed electrochemical biosensors. Nanoporous ; Materials science ; Nanotechnology ; Microfluidics ; Photolithography ; Biosensor ; Lithography ; Etching (microfabrication) ; Soft lithography ; Optoelectronics ; Fabrication Nanoporous metals and alloys ; Anodic Oxide Films and Nanostructures ; Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
Authors: Elisabeth Weyandt | Mathijs F. J. Mabesoone | Lafayette N. J. de Windt | E. W. Meijer | Anja R. A. Palmans | Ghislaine Vantomme
Source: Organic Materials (article, 2020-04-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

How to Determine the Role of an Additive on the Length of Supramolecular Polymers? In polymer chemistry, modulation of sequence and control over chain length are routinely applied to alter and fine-tune the properties of covalent (co)polymers. For supramolecular polymers, the same principles underlying this control have not been fully elucidated up to this date. Particularly, rational control over molecular weight in dynamic supramolecular polymers is not trivial, especially when a cooperative mechanism is operative. We start this review by summarizing how molecular-weight control has been achieved in seminal examples in the field of supramolecular polymerizations. Following this, we propose to classify the avenues taken to control molecular weights in supramolecular polymerizations. We focus on dynamic cooperative supramolecular polymerization as this is the most challenging in terms of molecular weight control. We use a mass-balance equilibrium model to predict how the nature of the interaction of an additive B with the monomers and supramolecular polymers of component A affects the degree of aggregation and the degree of polymerization. We put forward a classification system that distinguishes between B acting as a chain capper, a sequestrator, a comonomer, or an intercalator. We also highlight the experimental methods applied to probe supramolecular polymerization processes, the type of information they provide in relation to molecular weight and degree of aggregation, and how this can be used to classify the role of B. The guidelines and classification delineated in this review to assess and control molecular weights in supramolecular polymers can serve to reevaluate exciting systems present in current literature and contribute to broaden the understanding of multicomponent systems. Supramolecular chemistry ; Supramolecular polymers ; Polymer ; Comonomer ; Polymerization ; Degree of polymerization ; Chemistry ; Nanotechnology ; Materials science ; Molecule ; Organic chemistry Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials ; Supramolecular Chemistry and Complexes ; Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
Authors: Aphiwat Pankaew | Nisanart Traiphol | Rakchart Traiphol
Source: Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects (article, 2020-09-28)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Tuning the sensitivity of polydiacetylene-based colorimetric sensors to UV light and cationic surfactant by co-assembling with various polymers Cationic polymerization ; Polymer ; Pulmonary surfactant ; Formamide ; Monomer ; Chemical engineering ; Chemistry ; Photochemistry ; Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy ; Polymer chemistry ; Materials science ; Organic chemistry Polydiacetylene-based materials and applications ; Ocular Surface and Contact Lens ; Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
Authors: Xiaojing Hu | Zixuan Li | Huan Xue | Xinsong Huang | Rong Cao | Tian‐Fu Liu
Source: CCS Chemistry (article, 2020-02-01)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Designing a Bifunctional Brønsted Acid–Base Heterogeneous Catalyst Through Precise Installation of Ligands on Metal–Organic Frameworks A Brnsted acid-base bifunctional metal-organic framework (MOF) catalyst, PCN-700-AB [A = Brnsted acid site, TPDC-(COOH) 2 [(1,14,1terphenyl)-2,2,4,4-tetracarboxylic acid] and B = Brnsted basic site, BDC-NH 2 ], was designed precisely and synthesized successfully through sequential installation of Brnsted acid and base functionalities in a crystalline zirconium (Zr)-MOF. The installation underwent single-crystal-to-singlecrystal transformation throughout the process; hence, the structure of the bifunctional catalyst could be characterized accurately via single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The bifunctional MOF catalyst obtained exhibited excellent acid-base catalytic activity for a cascade of one-pot deacetalization-Knoevenagel condensation reaction. The work presented here could be considered as a promising solution to incorporate multifunctional components readily, especially the hostile aspects, into one MOF structure. Bifunctional ; Catalysis ; Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory ; Base (topology) ; Base metal ; Metal-organic framework ; Metal ; Chemistry ; Combinatorial chemistry ; Computer science ; Organic chemistry ; Materials science ; Metallurgy ; Mathematics ; Adsorption Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications ; Metal complexes synthesis and properties ; Chemical Synthesis and Reactions