jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Marius Thiel
Source: Institutional Repository of Leibniz Universität Hannover (Leibniz Universität Hannover) (article, 2018-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Bildgebende NIR-Hyperspektral-Technologie zur in-situ Erfassung des Blattwassergehalts Die Erfassung von Pflanzenparametern nimmt im besonderen Maße im Pflanzenversuchswesen, z.B. bei der Züchtung neuer Sorten, eine zentrale Rolle ein. So stellt beispielsweise der Wassergehalt von Pflanzen einen wichtigen Parameter dar, um biochemische Prozesse in Pflanzen bestimmen zu können. Die Eignung der bildgebenden NIR-Hyperspektralanalyse zur Messung von Pflanzenparametern wurde im Rahmen dieser Arbeit am Beispiel der in-situ Erfassung des individuellen Blattwassergehalts von Pflanzen aufgezeigt. Dazu wurde mittels eines bildgebenden hyperspektralen NIR-Spektrometers ein Spektralmessplatz für Analysen des Blattwassergehalts von Brokkoli-Pflanzen entwickelt. Die resultierenden Parameter des Messplatzes in Bezug auf das räumliche sowie spektrale Auflösungsvermögen wurden im Rahmen von Voruntersuchungen quantifiziert und bewertet. Die anschließenden Messungen der Pflanzenstrukturen sind mit breitbandiger aktiver Beleuchtung in Reflexionsmessung berührungslos erfolgt. Die bildgebenden Spektraldaten sind anschließend durch ein Schwellwertverfahren in Pflanzen- und Bodenspektren klassifiziert und entsprechend in Einzelblattflächen segmentiert worden. Neben der Auswertung der Hyperspektraldaten mittels PLS-Regression wurde durch die Analyse der Wasserabsorptionsbanden im NIR-Bereich ein spektraler Wasserindex (WI) als Quotient zweier Spektralbanden bei 1450 nm und 1050 nm aufgestellt und mit dem gravimetrisch bestimmten Referenz-Wassergehalt von Einzelblättern korreliert. Die Datengrundlage dieser Vorhersagemodelle wurde durch drei unterschiedliche Versuchsreihen gegeben, in denen insgesamt 144 Pflanzen unterschiedlicher Kultivierungsdauer spektral vermessen worden sind. Der sich aus der Kreuzkorrelation ergebene Schätzwertfehler RMSE betrug für das WI-Modell 5,51 % Blattwassergehalt bei einem Bestimmtheitsmaß R2 von 0,912 und wich damit nur geringfügig von den Werten des PLS-Modells ab. Eine Betrachtung einzelner auf die Spektralmessung für den Feldeinsatz relevanter Einflussfaktoren und deren Einfluss auf die Vorhersagegenauigkeit des WI-Modells wurde anhand zusätzlicher Versuche gemessen und bewertet. Anschließend wurde das hohe Potential dieser Messmethode in Form einer Zeitreihenmessung im Rahmen eines Eintrocknungsversuchs an einer Einzelpflanze aufgezeigt. Chemistry ; Physics ; Molecular biology ; Gynecology ; Medicine ; Biology Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement ; Horticultural and Viticultural Research
Authors: Krzysztof Mendrok | Magda Bochenska | Ziemowit Dworakowski
Source: Diagnostyka (article, 2018-11-30)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Effectiveness evaluation of the damage localization with a local spatial filtration under variable external conditions One of the biggest issues in damage detection and structural health monitoring is the influence of the ambient conditions changes on the operation of the algorithms. Very often the impact is similar to the one generated by fault and it results in false alarm. A lot of effort was put into trying to make these influences independent. The presented article shows the autonomous method, which allows to distinguish the influence of ambient temperature from damage on local spatial filtration. The idea is tested on both numerical and experimental data. Bridge (graph theory) ; Identification (biology) ; Filtration (mathematics) ; Environmental science ; Forensic engineering ; Political science ; Engineering ; Statistics ; Mathematics ; Medicine ; Biology Material Properties and Failure Mechanisms ; Engineering Diagnostics and Reliability ; Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation
Authors: Ayşe Ebru Tayyar | Gamze D. Tetik | Emel ABAK
Source: TEKSTİL VE KONFEKSİYON (article, 2018-12-06)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL, MECHANICAL, AND COMFORT PROPERTIES OF WOVEN FABRICS CONSIST OF COTTON, BAMBOO, AND SILVER FIBERS In this study, experimental and statistical evaluation of antibacterial, mechanical, and comfort properties of woven fabrics consisting of cotton, bamboo and silver yarns were presented. For the purpose of the study; cotton-bamboo and cotton-silver blended fabrics were produced, mechanical properties (such as tensile strength and tear strength) were investigated, antibacterial activities were determined, and thermal comfort properties (such as thermal conductivity, thermal absorption, thermal resistance, air permeability, water vapor permeability, and water vapor resistance) were measured. Statistical evaluations were performed by one way ANOVA and Tukey HSD and Tamhane’s T2 test methods. According to the outputs of the research, the mechanical and comfort properties can be improved and the antibacterial activities can be obtained of shirting and bedding fabrics by differing weft yarn type and density. Bamboo ; Air permeability specific surface ; Materials science ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Composite material ; Absorption of water ; Tear resistance Textile materials and evaluations ; Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers ; Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: Ana Garrido‐Varo | Dolores Pérez‐Marín | Cecilia Riccioli | Emiliano J. de Pedro Sanz | Tom Fearn
Source:  (article, 2018-05-15)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Miniature near infrared spectroscopy spectrometer and information and communication technologies to guarantee the integrity of the EU high added-value "acorn Iberian pig ham" (IP) This research is framed within FoodIntegrity, EU sponsored project(7th FP). The main goal of the research to be done is to provide industrials, producers and consumers with a methodology based in low-cost, portable and miniature NIRS sensors and information and communication technologies for process control and voluntary labelling, to guarantee the integrity of the EU high added-value as the “acorn Iberian pig ham”. The present study is focussed in transferring a database (470 samples) of IP tissue - analysed in a FOSS-NIRSystems 6500 (FNS6500) spectrometer, during the seasons 2009-2011 - to a portable/miniature instrument MicroNIR-Onsite, VIAVI (MN1700). A set of 30 samples of adipose tissue was taken from a slaughterhouse during 2015-2016, being analysed in parallel in the satellite (FNS 6500) and master (MN 1700) instruments. Latter on, they were divided in two sets: N = 10 for building the standardization matrices and N = 20 for the validation of the cloning procedure. The algorithm Piece-Wise Direct Standardization (PDS) was applied. The best standardisation matrix was applied to the library of 470 samples taken in the FNS 6500, enabling an excellent fitting between both instruments, as shown the RMSCs statistic calculated in the satellite before and after the standardization and in the master - 108457 vs 22519 vs 17646 &mu;log 1/R – and the GH distance before and after standardisation between both instruments 437.41 vs 2.06. Standardization ; Spectrometer ; Computer science ; Satellite ; Vendor ; European union ; Environmental science ; Database ; Engineering ; Operating system ; Business ; Physics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Meat and Animal Product Quality ; Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
Authors: Nick Julian | Tian T. Li | Robert E. Rudd | Jaime Marian
Source: Ultramicroscopy (article, 2018-08-02)
Field: Materials Science — Ceramics and Composites

MS–STEM–FEM: A parallelized multi-slice fluctuation TEM simulation tool Atomic configurations of glassy or amorphous materials containing medium-range order (MRO) may be identified by comparing fluctuation transmission electron microscopy (FTEM) measurements to FTEM simulations obtained using model configurations. Candidate model sizes have traditionally been much thinner than the samples measured experimentally, and publicly available FTEM simulation software has until now omitted microscope parameters, dynamical scattering, and the phase of the diffracted electron wave. We introduce MS-STEM-FEM, an open-source software package for simulating FTEM experiments using established multi-slice TEM simulation techniques to emulate experiment more closely by incorporating microscope parameters and simulating electron scattering and propagation as a complex valued wave. Simulations using established models are compared with results of experimental STEM-FEM to validate the software. Several statistical measures of diffraction are implemented and their responses to model features are compared. Dynamical scattering is found to be less influential than the variety of crystallite orientations which occur in thicker models. Simulations of variable resolution microscopy confirm that cumulative intensity of the FTEM signal decreases with reduced model MRO and increased coherence volume. Advantageous model scaling characteristics and efficient processor performance scaling are demonstrated, along with a study of convergence with respect to pertinent simulation parameters to identify accuracy requirements. Diffraction ; Optics ; Scattering ; Simulation software ; Scaling ; Finite element method ; Microscope ; Computational physics ; Software ; Computer science ; Materials science ; Statistical physics ; Physics ; Mathematics ; Geometry Glass properties and applications ; Semiconductor materials and devices ; X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis
Authors: A. Farrokh | M R Ehsani | N Moayednia | R. Azizi Nezhad
Source: Applied Ecology and Environmental Research (article, 2018-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION OF SYNBIOTIC CREAM: EFFECTS ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FORMATION OF L (+), AND D (–)-LACTIC ACID ISOMERS In this study, the effect of Probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei) and inulin had been evaluated on some of the chemical properties, viability of probiotics and the production of L-and D-lactic acid isomers in synbiotic cream during fermentation. UHT cream supplemented with 0, 1.5 and 3% (w/w) inulin was fermented for 4 h at 37 C. Two strains showed viable cell numbers above 9 log cfu/g after 4 h fermentation at 37 C. HPLC evaluation showed that both of strains produced L-isomer. Lactobacillus acidophilus achieved L-lactic acid concentration close to 1.922 0.11 g L -1 and Lactobacillus casei 2.148 0.03 g L -1 over storage. Using Lactobacillus acidophilus, the amount of D-isomer is significantly increased (0.47 g L -1 ). The probiotic strains produced different amounts of metabolic products according to temperature and fermentation time illustrating the importance of controlling these parameters. Lactic acid ; Food science ; Fermentation ; Chemistry ; Lactic acid fermentation ; Biochemistry ; Bacteria ; Biology Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Authors: Jagruti S. vaza | Satish A. Bhalerao
Source: International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (article, 2018-12-31)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Removal of Hexavalent chromium by using citric acid modified Tamarind pod shell powder Tamarindus indica L. Removal of the hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution was carried out using citric acid modified Tamarind pod shell powder (Tamarindus indica L.).The modified biosorbent was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The effect of solution pH, biosorbent dose, initial concentration of hexavalent chromium solution, contact time, temperature and agitation rate was investigated in a systematic manner. Experimental data were analyzed by kinetic parameters such as pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models and found that the biosorption of hexavalent chromium onto biosorbent, followed pseudo-second order kinetic model by its good correlation coefficient value which is very close to the unity. The equilibrium data were analyzed by using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. Among these adsorption isotherm models Langmuir model was fitted well with its good correlation coefficient and value. The results concluded that the modified Tamarind pod shell powder (Tamarindus indica L.) was an efficient, ecofriendly, and economically low cost biodsorbent which was used in the removal of hexavalent chromium from the aqueous medium. Point of delivery ; Citric acid ; Hexavalent chromium ; Chromium ; Shell (structure) ; Chemistry ; Nuclear chemistry ; Materials science ; Food science ; Horticulture ; Metallurgy ; Biology ; Composite material Dye analysis and toxicity ; Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds ; Heavy Metals in Plants
Authors: Emese Lantos | Nirmali Prabha Das | Dániel Berkesi | Dorina Gabriella Dobó | Ákos Kukovecz | Dezső Horváth | Ágota Tóth
Source: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (article, 2018-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Interaction between amino-functionalized inorganic nanoshells and acid-autocatalytic reactions Amino-functionalized inorganic silica nanoshells with a diameter of 511 ± 57 nm are efficiently used as hydrogen ion binders with a base dissociation constant of (1.2 ± 0.1) × 10-4. The hydrogen removal has been shown to produce reaction-diffusion fronts of constant propagation velocity in the autocatalytic chlorite-tetrathionate reaction when it is run in thin planar slices of nanoshell-containing agarose gel to exclude all convection related effects. By controlling the exact amount of amino-functionalized hollow nanospheres in the gel matrix it is possible to finely tune the propagation velocity of the chemical front in the 0.1-10 cm h-1 range. Remarkably, this can be achieved with very low amino-functionalized hollow inorganic nanosphere loadings between 0.1-0.01 (m V-1)%. The front width has also been determined experimentally, which increases by a factor of two with one magnitude decrease in the front velocity. Nanoshell ; Autocatalysis ; Chemistry ; Nanoparticle ; Nanotechnology ; Chemical engineering ; Combinatorial chemistry ; Materials science ; Catalysis ; Organic chemistry Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials ; Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior ; Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Chemistry
Authors: Carla D. Mana | G. A. Torchia | J. Pablo Tomba
Source: Soft Matter (article, 2018-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

A study of polymer chain diffusion by surface enhanced Raman: effects of plasmonic substrate topology We report on a new methodology to track chain interdiffusion between polymer slabs based on Raman enhanced by plasmonic substrates. Diffusion is studied in a deuterated-polystyrene/polystyrene (dPS/PS) polymer pair, designed to provide a well-characterized diffusion behavior. The bilayer, 160 nm thick in total, is supported on a plasmonic substrate that provides local amplification of Raman signals in sample regions of close proximity to it. Gold-based substrates with structures of inverted pyramids, spherical nanoparticles and tipped pillars were investigated. Interdiffusion between dPS and PS is promoted upon annealing and followed in situ by dynamic spectral acquisition. A simple model that describes the coupling between the sampled region arising from the plasmonic effect and the diffusion process is employed to interpret spectral evolution data. It is shown that a highly regular topology and surface continuity are key features of the plasmonic substrate in order to provide reliable results. With pyramidal substrates, the most suitable substrates for this application, data are consistent with diffusion coefficients in the range 10-13-10-15 cm2 s-1 and dimensions of sampled regions below 40 nm. The strategy provides a reliable labeling-free technique to investigate polymer interdiffusion on the nanoscale. Raman spectroscopy ; Polystyrene ; Plasmon ; Materials science ; Polymer ; Substrate (aquarium) ; Nanoscopic scale ; Diffusion ; Bilayer ; Nanotechnology ; Chemical physics ; Optoelectronics ; Optics ; Chemistry ; Composite material ; Membrane Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications ; Diffusion and Search Dynamics ; Theoretical and Computational Physics
Authors: V. R. Padma Priya | S.K. Krishna | V. Sivakumar | P. Sivakumar
Source: RASAYAN Journal of Chemistry (article, 2018-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

STUDIES ON THE ADSORPTION OF RHODAMINE-B USING NOVEL NANO CARBON BALLS The study demonstrates the facile synthesis of nano-sizedfullerene-like carbon balls named as nano carbon spheres (NCS) and its application for the effective adsorption of a textile dye Rhodamine-B (Rh-B) from the stimulated solution at laboratory scale. The essential controlling factors like pH of the effluent, initial Rh-B concentration and the solution temperature are investigated. The kinetics follows multi-order and Freundlich type of isotherm. The sorption energy-related parameters like G, H and S were also evaluated. The outcome signposts that NCS is a potential material for the sorption of Rh-B with good efficiency. Rhodamine B ; Adsorption ; Nano- ; Carbon fibers ; Materials science ; Chemical engineering ; Nanotechnology ; Chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Composite material ; Composite number ; Engineering Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
Authors: Hélen Cristina Oliveira dos Reis | Aline Silva Cossolin | Bruna Assis Paim dos Santos | Karine Cappuccio de Castro | Gessica Mara Pereira | Virgínia Cláudia da Silva | Paulo Teixeira de Sousa | Evandro Luiz Dall’Oglio | Leonardo Gomes de Vasconcelos | Eduardo Beraldo de Morais
Source: Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (article, 2018-07-04)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Malt Bagasse Waste As Biosorbent For Malachite Green: An Ecofriendly Approach For Dye Removal From Aqueous Solution In this study, malt bagasse, a low-cost waste biomass, was tested as a biosorbent to remove the cationic dye Malachite green (MG) from aqueous solution. Batch biosorption experiments were investigated as functions of different experimental parameters such as initial pH, salt (NaCl) concentration, contact time, temperature and initial dye concentration. Higher removal rates of MG were obtained at pH 8 and 10. The equilibrium and kinetic studies suggest that the biosorption follows Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order model. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was estimated at 117.65 mg/g (at 45 °C). According to Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm model, biosorption of MG onto malt bagasse occurs physically. The thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy indicated that the MG biosorption onto malt bagasse is spontaneous and endothermic. The results of the ionic strength effect indicated that the biosorption process under study had a strong tolerance under high salt concentrations. It can be concluded that malt bagasse waste has potential for application as biosorbent for removal of MG from aqueous solution. Malachite green ; Bagasse ; Pulp and paper industry ; Aqueous solution ; Waste management ; Wastewater ; Chemistry ; Adsorption ; Engineering ; Organic chemistry Dye analysis and toxicity
Authors: П. Г. Пронкин | А. С. Татиколов
Source: Sci (article, 2018-11-29)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Isomerization and Properties of Isomers of Carbocyanine Dyes One of the important features of polymethine (cyanine) dyes is isomerization around one of C–C bonds of the polymethine chain. In this review, spectral properties of the isomers, photoisomerization and thermal back isomerization of carbocyanine dyes, mostly meso-substituted carbocyanine dyes, are considered. meso-Alkyl-substituted thiacarbocyanine dyes are present in polar solvents mainly as cis isomers and, hence, exhibit no photoisomerization, whereas in nonpolar solvents, in which the dyes are in the trans form, photoisomerization takes place. In contrast, the meso-substituted dyes 3,3′-dimethyl-9-phenylthiacarbocyanine and 3,3′-diethyl-9-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)thiacarbocyanine occur as trans isomers and exhibit photoisomerization in both polar and nonpolar solvents. The behavior of these dyes may be explained by the fact that the phenyl ring of the substituent in their molecules can be twisted at some angle, removing the substituent from the plane of the molecule and reducing its steric effect on the conformation of the trans isomer. In some cases, photoisomerization of cis isomers of meso-substituted carbocyanine dyes is also observed (for some meso-alkyl-substituted dyes complexed with DNA and chondroitin-4-sulfate; for 3,3′-diethyl-9-methoxythiacarbocyanine in moderate polarity solvents). The cycle photoisomerization–thermal back isomerization of cyanine dyes can be used in various systems of information storage and deserves further investigation using modern research methods. Photoisomerization ; Isomerization ; Cyanine ; Chemistry ; Substituent ; Photochemistry ; Alkyl ; Molecule ; Photochromism ; Steric effects ; Stereochemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Fluorescence ; Catalysis Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry ; Photoreceptor and optogenetics research ; Photochemistry and Electron Transfer Studies
Authors: Abd. Razak | W. H. Khoo | Suhana Mohamed Sultan
Source: ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering (article, 2018-04-16)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

ZnO Thin Film Transistor: Effect of Traps and Grain Boundaries Recently ZnO has drawn a lot of attention in semiconductor industry due to its interesting features. High exciton binding energy, high resistivity against radiation, high breakdown voltage, low temperature deposition are some of the interesting features of this material. Zinc oxide TFT device gains an increasing interest for its potential in sensing applications due to its biocompability, chemical stability and simple fabrication process with various methods and high surface-to-volume ratio. However, ZnO TFT devices from previous work exhibited poor ION and field effect mobility. This work investigates the cause of its poor performance by focusing only two factors: traps and defects in the channel and grain boundary. The work was performed in Silvaco TCAD 2D simulator. It was found that a single grain boundary in the channel causes a reduction of the ION by 95%. The effect in the ION is less severe when traps and defects were introduced in the ZnO channel. The results can assist in optimizing the TFT device performance for sensing applications. Grain boundary ; Thin-film transistor ; Materials science ; Optoelectronics ; Fabrication ; Transistor ; Threshold voltage ; Field effect ; Work (physics) ; Semiconductor ; Voltage ; Channel (broadcasting) ; Deposition (geology) ; Engineering physics ; Nanotechnology ; Electrical engineering ; Metallurgy ZnO doping and properties ; Thin-Film Transistor Technologies ; Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors