jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Jumin Qiu | Meibao Qin | Tingting Liu | Lun Qu | Xintong Shi | Feng Wu (12185) | Tianbao Yu | Qiegen Liu | Shuyuan Xiao
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (article, 2026-03-02)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Doubly resonant nonlinear metasurfaces enabling NIR-to-UV upconversion for reconfigurable Fourier optical processing Fourier optical processing underpins optical information manipulation, yet extending such operations to short wavelengths within compact platforms remains challenging. Here, we address this challenge by embedding reconfigurable Fourier-domain processing within IR-to-UV upconversion in a doubly resonant nonlinear metasurface. When coherently illuminated at the Fourier plane with an image-bearing signal and a spatially structured pump, the metasurface generates UV images via degenerate four-wave mixing. Crucially, the spatial-frequency content of these upconverted images is selectively shaped by the tailored spectrum of the pump. To boost the efficiency of this nonlinear process, the metasurface is designed to simultaneously support a toroidal dipole bound state in the continuum and a magnetic dipole resonance, providing spectrally aligned and independently enhanced field localization for signal and pump beams, respectively. Building on this architecture, we experimentally demonstrate directional and continuously tunable filtering at the upconverted UV wavelengths. These results establish nonlinear metasurfaces as a versatile platform for Fourier optics and reconfigurable all-optical image processing. Photon upconversion ; Fourier transform ; Nonlinear system ; Nonlinear optics ; Signal processing ; Fourier optics ; Embedding ; SIGNAL (programming language) ; Optical filter Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research ; Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research
Authors: MingHao Dong | Siqi Liu | GuangYue Zhang | Xue Wang | Tiemin Ma
Source: Scholars Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (article, 2026-03-05)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Universal Model for Maize Moisture Based on Fused Wave-lengths Developing a stable and reliable universal model for different sample characteristics is a complex undertaking. During spectral calibration, variable shifts arising from sample characteristics and environmental conditions can compromise algorithmic accuracy. To address substantial errors in sample detection for universal models, a wavelength screening algorithm is incorporated into the pre-processing stage of model transfer. This removes wavelengths associated with irrelevant variables and information correction, retaining only effective variables as the final feature subset. This facilitates spectral data correction by model transfer algorithms, thereby realising universal modelling. Selecting CARS and RF, along with their combined wavelength screening methods, we constructed universal models for different maize traits in conjunction with the DS method. Experimental validation demonstrated that the combined wavelength screening methods outperformed single-wavelength screening models across all evaluation metrics in the universal models. Among 12 spectral datasets for distinct traits, the CARS-RF-DS model constructed by integrating features extracted from outlier sample sets—demonstrated optimal performance. Its correlation coefficient R² reached 0.9603, RMSEP was 0.0102, with an MAE of 0.0080. For the ear grain sample set, R² exceeded 0.93 and RPD surpassed 3.8, indicating that the CARS-RF-DS model possesses a degree of universality and generalisability. Outlier ; Wavelength ; Universality (dynamical systems) ; Principal component analysis ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Sample (material) ; Feature selection ; Variable (mathematics) Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Remote Sensing in Agriculture ; Smart Agriculture and AI
Authors: Juan Gabriel Kostelec | Xiang Wang | Axel Laborieux | Christos Sourmpis | Qinghai Guo
Source: ArXiv.org (article, 2026-03-27)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

When Perplexity Lies: Generation-Focused Distillation of Hybrid Sequence Models Converting a pretrained Transformer into a more efficient hybrid model through distillation offers a promising approach to reducing inference costs. However, achieving high-quality generation in distilled models requires careful joint design of both the student architecture and the distillation process. Many prior distillation works evaluate downstream multiple-choice benchmarks by ranking candidate answers with log-likelihood rather than requiring autoregressive generation, which can obscure important differences in model quality. For example, we show that a 7B parameter distilled model that nearly matches its teacher to within 0.2\,pp under log-likelihood scoring actually falls behind by 20.8\,pp when the model must generate answers autoregressively. We propose a Hybrid Kimi Delta Attention (Hybrid-KDA) architecture paired with GenDistill, a multi-stage distillation pipeline, and use generation-based evaluation throughout to guide design decisions. Applying this approach to Qwen3-0.6B, we systematically ablate six design axes: training objective, loss masking, training duration, dataset selection, parameter freezing, and architecture choice. We find that log-likelihood-based evaluation consistently underestimates the gap between teacher and student, and can in some cases reverse the ranking of design choices, meaning that conclusions drawn from perplexity-only evaluation may be misleading. Among the factors we study, dataset selection, completion-only masking, and freezing attention layers during post-training have the largest impact on generation quality. Our best Hybrid-KDA model retains 86--90\% of teacher accuracy on knowledge benchmarks while reducing KV cache memory by up to 75\% and improving time-to-first-token by 2--4$\times$ at 128K-token contexts. Distillation ; Inference ; Transformer ; Autoregressive model ; Perplexity ; Classifier (UML) Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Advanced Neural Network Applications ; Machine Learning and Data Classification
Authors: Tainá Almeida Fragoso | José António Costa | Jorge Ricardo Ducati
Source:  (article, 2026-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Spectral-Based Discrimination of Vitis vinifera and Vitis labrusca Using Contact Spectroradiometry Techniques Vitis vinifera ; Cultivar ; Plant development ; Identification (biology) Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Fermentation and Sensory Analysis ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
Authors: Phan Hà Như Ngọc | Trần Thảo Ngà | Phạm Thị Linh
Source: Journal of Science and Technology - IUH (article, 2026-03-25)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

ENHANCING KNIT JACKET SEWING QUALITY THROUGH PARETO AND FISHBONE DIAGRAM ANALYSIS In the highly competitive landscape of the Vietnamese textile industry, the quality of knitwear products is paramount, yet production errors frequently lead to waste and diminish competitiveness. This study presents the application of basic quality control tools – the Pareto chart and the fishbone (Ishikawa) diagram – to analyze and propose solutions for quality improvement within a major textile enterprise, utilizing a case study approach on a specific knit jacket order (code 0513). Pareto analysis identified three primary defects accounting for 80.1% of total failures: broken stitches on the placket edge (30.1%), skipped stitches on the hem (26.5%), and puckered zipper seams (23.5%). Subsequent root cause analysis using fishbone diagrams revealed core factors related to equipment (suboptimal settings for parameters like thread tension, presser foot pressure, needle-hook distance), personnel (inadequate operational skills in handling fabric elasticity, material feeding speed), and materials (incompatibility in shrinkage between fabric and zipper, fabric thickness). Based on these findings, proposed solutions include optimizing machine settings, standardizing processes and operations via visual guides and fabric handling techniques, enhancing worker training, and thoroughly checking material compatibility. The research confirms that the systematic application of quality control tools effectively identifies critical issues and root causes, providing a solid foundation for effective and sustainable quality improvement actions in knitwear production. Pareto chart ; Pareto analysis ; Ishikawa diagram ; Quality (philosophy) ; Yarn ; Pareto principle ; Thread (computing) ; Root cause analysis ; Production line Textile materials and evaluations ; Soil Science and Environmental Management ; Quality and Supply Management
Authors: Ignasi Galtes | Silvia García-Vilana | David Sánchez-Molina
Source: Forensic Sciences Research (article, 2026-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A drop test device to study the variability of residual marks associated with stabbing attacks The identification of weapons involved in aggravated assaults with bladed weapons, as well as the correlation between bodily injuries and the energy required to produce them, is crucial for accurate prosecution. In murder cases involving knives, crime weapons often leave marks on bones. Therefore, differentiating the marks created by various weapons and understanding the energy involved in the assaults are essential for forensic investigations. This technical note presents a drop test device designed to deliver controlled impacts at specified energy levels. The device allows for the attachment of different weapons and ensures high accuracy in energy delivery, enabling the consistent reproduction of similar stab marks. Additionally, it can be used with various types of weapons, including blunt and sharp tip ones. The functionality of the device was demonstrated through rib stabbing experiments. Different marks were created using two energy levels and two similar weapons to analyse their effects on the resulting stab marks. The drop test device provides a systematic approach for studying stab marks by enabling controlled and repeatable experiments on different materials or tissues. Its ability to replicate injury patterns under controlled conditions offers valuable insights for forensic investigations. Residual ; Drop (telecommunication) ; Test (biology) ; Point (geometry) ; Test data High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior ; Transportation Safety and Impact Analysis ; Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics
Authors: Пётр Геннадьевич Великанов
Source: Ecological Bulletin of Research Centers of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (article, 2026-03-24)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Operational and non-operational methods for obtaining fundamental solutions of~partial differential equations for nanoplates. Part III В настоящее время известно много численных методов, но, к сожалению, методу граничных элементов (МГЭ) и его модификациям уделяется незаслуженно мало внимания, хотя он, как метод конечных элементов и метод конечных разностей, также является одним из наиболее успешных современных численных методов с высокой точностью полученных результатов. В этой связи представляется актуальным дальнейшее развитие МГЭ для решения задач, основанных на применении предварительно вычисленных точных фундаментальных решений. В данной статье (часть III), являющейся логическим продолжением ранее опубликованных статей (части I и II), с помощью операционного (метод комплексного интегрального преобразования Фурье) и безоперационного (метод функционального анализа) методов удалось решить задачу по поиску фундаментального решения линейного дифференциального уравнения в частных производных с постоянными коэффициентами на примере задачи изгиба тонкой однородной изотропной нанопластины, дифференциальное уравнение для которой получено в рамках нелокальной теории микроструктурной деформации. Показано, что метод функционального анализа позволил существенно упростить методику вычисления фундаментальных решений без необходимости предварительного глубокого изучения математической теории обобщенных функций и без привлечения аппарата операционного исчисления. Отмеченная теория и аппарат, к сожалению, до сих пор часто воспринимаются исследователями как трудные для понимания, что порой ограничивает область применения МГЭ. Differential equation ; Work (physics) ; Calculus (dental) ; Stability (learning theory) Nonlocal and gradient elasticity in micro/nano structures ; Fractional Differential Equations Solutions ; Nanotechnology research and applications
Authors: M. Galinier | C. Avdellidou | M. Delbo | L. Galluccio
Source: Icarus (article, 2026-03-23)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

New insights into Erg Chech 002 analogues in the main belt from near-infrared spectroscopy Erg Chech 002 is an andesitic meteorite that formed early in the Solar System's history, and that is thought to have been formed in the primitive crust of an early accreted and differentiated planetesimal. It shows unique spectral features, and no known asteroid spectral type was initially found to match with its compositional type. In the literature, asteroids (10537) 1991 RY16, (7472) Kumakiri and (14390) 1990 QP10 were found to show peculiar spectra, and were not classified in any known existing spectral class. These objects were hypothesised to be fragments of differentiated planetesimals. In a previous study, the Gaia Data Release 3 dataset of visible reflectance spectra of Solar System Objects was exploited to search for potential analogues of Erg Chech 002 in the main belt. As a result, 142 asteroids were found to potentially match this meteorite. In this work, we present NASA's IRTF near-infrared observations of 20 main belt asteroids found as potential analogues of Erg Chech 002. We classified these asteroids based on their visible-near-infrared spectra, then studied and compared their diagnostic spectral features with those of the laboratory spectra of Erg Chech 002. We classified 16 of the 20 observed asteroids as V-types, one as S-complex and one as A-type, and conclude that none of the observed objects match with Erg Chech 002. In addition, we show that asteroids (10537) 1991 RY16 and (14390) 1990 QP10 are good spectral matches to Erg Chech 002 based on the study of their diagnostic spectral features. Asteroid (7472) Kumakiri could match a more olivine-rich Erg Chech 002-like material, and cannot be completely ruled out as a match of the meteorite. This possible link between the meteorite and these asteroids is consistent with the theories regarding their formation, and these asteroids could be part of a new spectral class of andesitic bodies in the main belt. Spectroscopy ; Erg ; Absorption spectroscopy ; Imaging spectroscopy ; Infrared spectroscopy Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies ; Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
Authors: Lihao Luo | Junlin Gai | Dapeng Han | Minghan Ke | Haitao Zhang | Zhenhao Huang | G. Zhang
Source: Micromachines (article, 2026-03-17)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Highly Sensitive Control Study of PD Archimedean Antenna Based on Rotating Unit Reflective Metasurface Addressing the insufficient sensitivity of typical Archimedean spiral antennas for detecting partial discharge (PD) in electrical equipment, this paper proposes a high-sensitivity regulation technique for PD Archimedean antennas based on rotating unit-cell reflective metasurfaces. First, a finite element model of the ultra-high-frequency Archimedean antenna was constructed. Then, employing metasurface electromagnetic wave reflection technology and phase compensation principles, a rotating-unit reflective metasurface was designed to optimize its full-bandwidth gain. A multi-parameter joint optimization method was used to obtain the optimal data for the antenna and metasurface parameters. Finally, simulations and experimental analyses of the super-surface-controlled Archimedean antenna revealed the following: The gain of the Archimedean antenna controlled by the rotating-unit super-surface increases by up to 15.61 dB in the 0.3-1.5 GHz band, with an average full-band gain enhancement of 3.42 dB. During electrostatic discharge (ESD), the amplitude of UHF signals detected by the Archimedean antenna increases by approximately 88.9%, and the amplitude detection of UHF signals during GIS discharges increases by approximately 138.6-150%. These results demonstrate that the metasurface significantly enhances the antenna's gain performance, providing a reference for highly sensitive control technologies in detecting discharges in electrical equipment. Antenna (radio) ; Reflection (computer programming) ; Ultra high frequency ; Amplitude ; Sensitivity (control systems) ; Reflection coefficient ; Phase (matter) ; Compensation (psychology) ; Spiral antenna High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Dielectric materials and actuators ; Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
Authors: Xiaoshan Xiao | Shuqi Huang | X. Wang
Source: Coloration Technology (article, 2026-01-26)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Optimisation and validation of a colour prediction model for jacquard knitted fabrics with horizontal intermix filaments Abstract This study addresses colour prediction in horizontal intermix filament fabrics by developing an optimised Stearns‐Noechel model. To account for reflectance losses due to the knitted surface structures, an optimisation parameter α was introduced. The SN‐α model produced substantial improvements, reducing mean colour differences from 8.6 to 2.1 (a 76% reduction) for two‐feeder cyan‐magenta fabrics and from 9.1 to 3.9 (a 57% reduction) for three‐feeder cyan‐magenta‐white fabrics. The optimised parameters were found to be similar across feeder types, confirming the model's strong generalisability. Validation on independent samples demonstrated further reductions of 70% and 67% for two‐feeder cyan‐yellow and three‐feeder cyan‐yellow‐black fabrics, respectively. The findings highlight the combined influence of yarn spectral properties and feeder configuration on predictive performance, with feeder arrangements affecting non‐linear mixing behaviour. Overall, the SN‐α model offers an effective framework for predicting the macroscopic perceived colour of patterned fabrics, improving accuracy and efficiency in digital design workflows and supporting more sustainable textile colour management. Workflow ; Textile ; Mixing (physics) ; Reflectivity ; Protein filament ; Spectral properties Textile materials and evaluations ; Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers ; Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
Authors: Erin Atkinson | Nicolas Grisouard
Source:  (article, 2026-02-26)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Formation and arrest of a surface density front via strain-driven frontogenesis Ocean fronts play a key role in the vertical transport of heat, energy and biogeochemical tracers, but their behaviour and life cycle is not well-understood, especially at smaller scales. We present a large-eddy simulation of mixed layer frontogenesis capturing the onset of a submesoscale regime from a larger scale, rotation-dominated front. Frontogenesis shifts the balance between vertical mixing and restratification driven by frontal ageostrophic secondary circulation and the final state is a combination of a small, turbulent arrested region and the restratified remainder of the front, which sits above an unmixed, stable region. The transition to this state is marked by the appearance of down-front symmetric cells, which coalesce to form a circulation that entrains fluid from the mixed layer base. We describe the results in the context of submesoscale instability and potential vorticity transport and discuss the implications for frontogenesis and frontal arrest in the ocean mixed layer. Frontogenesis ; Front (military) ; Context (archaeology) ; Potential vorticity ; Circulation (fluid dynamics) ; Mixed layer ; Vorticity ; Eddy Microstructure and mechanical properties ; High-pressure geophysics and materials ; Nonlocal and gradient elasticity in micro/nano structures
Authors: Yuanchao Li | Yan Zhao | Maile Zhou | Xinliang Tian | Daqing Yin | Huinan Qiao | Wenzhe Wang
Source: AgriEngineering (article, 2026-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Research on Axial Load Transfer Law of Machine-Picked Seed Cotton and Discrete Element Simulation The compression deformation of seed cotton has been identified as a key factor affecting the working reliability of the baling device and the quality of bale molding. However, due to the complex working conditions of seed cotton in the continuous compression process in a confined space, it has proven to be difficult to study the compression molding mechanism of machine-harvested seed cotton in the baling process. The present study employs a universal testing machine to compress the seed cotton. In addition, pressure sensors are utilised to ascertain the internal axial load transfer law of the seed cotton. Furthermore, the internal density distribution equation of the seed cotton is established. Moreover, the Fiber model is employed to establish a spatial helix structure model of the cotton fibre. Finally, the compression simulation test is conducted to calibrate its material parameters. The results of the study indicate that seed cotton exhibits hysteresis in its internal stress–strain transfer. Through the polynomial fitting of the compression–displacement curve, it has been demonstrated that as the seed cotton approaches the compressed side, the rate of change in compression increases. The internal density distribution of the seed cotton must be calculated when it is compressed to a density of 220 kg·m−3. It is found that the density of the upper layer of the seed cotton is slightly greater than that of the lower layer of the seed cotton. The density distribution equation must then be obtained through regression fitting. The parameters of the compression model must be calibrated by means of uniaxial compression tests. Finally, the density distribution equation of the cotton fibre must be obtained through the compression test. The parameters of the simulation model, as determined by the uniaxial compression test calibration, are of significant importance. This is particularly evident in the context of the Poisson’s ratio of cotton fibre and the cotton fibre elastic modulus under pressure. The regression equation was obtained through analysis of variance, and the simulation of contact parameter optimisation. The optimal parameter combination was determined to be 0.466, and the pressure at this time. The relative error was found to be 2.96%, and the compression of specific performance was determined to be 10.14%. These findings serve to validate the simulation model. The findings of this study have the potential to provide a theoretical foundation and simulation assistance for the design and optimisation of cotton picker baling devices. Compression (physics) ; Quality (philosophy) ; Deformation (meteorology) ; Linear density ; Hysteresis ; Relative density ; Computer simulation ; Core (optical fiber) ; Reliability (semiconductor) Textile materials and evaluations ; Tree Root and Stability Studies ; Research in Cotton Cultivation