jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Jehad Yamin | Eiman Ali Eh. Sheet | Ahmed A. Al‐Amiery
Source: Modern Applied Science (article, 2019-03-30)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

ANN and DOE Analysis of Corrosion Resistance Inhibitor for Mild Steel Structures in Iraq Modelling of the effect of newly developed mild steel (MS) corrosion inhibitor in Iraq was investigated using artificial neural network (ANN) and Response Surface Methodology Design of Experiment (RSM-DOE) methods. The most significant parameters among the parameters studied and the optimum coating conditions was also investigated. Weight loss method (WLM) as well as Scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used in the experimental work to obtain data for modelling. The inhibitor used was made in the center&amp;rsquo;s laboratories called N-(3-Nitrobenzylidene)-2-aminobenzothiazole. The MS specimens were tested for different immersion times and corrosive solution temperatures. Different concentrations of the inhibitor from of 0, to 1000 mg/L were used in the study. The results showed that within the concentrations studied, the corrosion inhibition performance increased with increasing N-(3-Nitrobenzylidene)-2-aminobenzothiazole concentration. The ANN model proposed with the Gaussian activation function was accurate for both testing and validation up to 99%. The RSM method used indicated that comparing time and concentration alone, inhibitor concentration was more significant than the immersion time in the corrosive solution. On the other hand, the effect of temperature and time were opposite to one another. While increasing time of immersion increased corrosion rate, temperature effect was the opposite. Corrosion ; Immersion (mathematics) ; Scanning electron microscope ; Materials science ; Response surface methodology ; Corrosion inhibitor ; Coating ; Design of experiments ; Metallurgy ; Nuclear chemistry ; Composite material ; Chromatography ; Chemistry ; Mathematics Material Properties and Failure Mechanisms
Authors: Léo Cazenille | Nicolas Bredèche | Nathanaël Aubert-Kato
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2019-11-17)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Using MAP-Elites to Optimize Self-Assembling Behaviors in a Swarm of Bio-micro-robots Abstract We are interested in programming a swarm of molecular robots that can perform self-assembly to form specific shapes at a specific location. Programming such robot swarms is challenging for two reasons. First, the goal is to optimize both the parameters and the structure of chemical reaction networks. Second, the search space is both high-dimensional and deceptive. In this paper, we show that MAP-Elites, an algorithm that searches for both high-performing and diverse solutions, outperforms previous state-of-the-art optimization methods. Swarm behaviour ; Robot ; Swarm robotics ; Computer science ; Space (punctuation) ; State (computer science) ; Artificial intelligence ; Algorithm Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials ; Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence ; Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
Authors: Reyed Reyed | G Frazzetto | Donald Klein | M Lansing | John Harley | J Doull | L Vining | Selvanathan Lathaa | R Moore | S Galanie | E Franco-Lara | H Link | D Weuster-Botz | J Wang | Wan | C Escamilla-Alvarado | E Rios-Leal | M Ponce-Noyola | H Ahmadian-Moghadam | F Elegado | R Nayve | Ahmed Soad Abdel Galil | Reyed Attia | Nadia Reyed | Soliman | A Hesham | Enshasy | Dandach Badia | Farouk Bouaoudat | Lionel Yalaoui | Franoise Amodeo | Entzmann | M Kiran | Shrikant Desai | Parag Survase | S Saudagar | Lele | S Rekha | J Whiteman | Gueguim Kana | E | M Esfahanian | M Nikzad | G Najafpour | M Reyed | Reyed
Source: International Journal of Research Studies in Microbiology and Biotechnology (article, 2019-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Computational Biotechnology: An Approach in Silico Based Modeling Bioprocess White biotechnology, also referred to as industrial biotechnology, is biotechnology used in industrial processes. An example is an organism's model for the development of a useful chemical. Some other case in point is the use of certain enzymes as advanced manufacturing catalysts to either start producing valuable chemicals or bring down hazardous /polluting chemicals. White biotechnology needs lesser capital than conventional processes of manufacturing raw materials Fermentation biotechnology is a microbiome process through the function of enzymes that generates physiological changes in organic compounds. In microbiology, in the absence of oxygen, it is specifically defined as the mining of energy from carbs. It may extend more specifically to any system in which the interaction of microbiome contributes in a positive modification to a particular ingredient in the framework of food production Zymology is recognized as the process of fermentation. Fermentation of microbiome is the predominant means of generating ATP via anaerobically consuming natural resources Since the Iron age, humans have been using the fermentation to manufacture foodstuffs. For example, fermentation is being used for the conservation of lactic acid detected in sour food products such as pickled cucumbers, kimchi, and yogurt, as well as for the manufacturing of alcoholic beverages along with other liquor. Fermentation often happens throughout the gastrointestinal tracts of all animals, including humans. Microbiome fermentation is the justification for the enhanced development of a spectrum of vital chemicals, varying from sustenance, nanomaterials, pharmaceutical industries, larger quantities of chemical products, etc. In terms of economics, growth rates are the upper limit whenever the appropriate cultivation specifications, like those for nutritional demand, oxygenation, agitation, pH, have been used. Within them, nutrition has Bioprocess ; In silico ; Biochemical engineering ; Bioprocess engineering ; Biotechnology ; Computational biology ; Computer science ; Biology ; Engineering ; Genetics Diatoms and Algae Research
Authors: İdris Karagöz
Source: El-Cezeri Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi (article, 2019-09-29)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

SAE 8620 (21NiCrMo2) plakaların ısıl işleminde karbürizasyon süresi ve malzeme kalınlığına bağlı olarak oluşan sertlik değişimi In this study, SAE 8620 (21NiCrMo2) cementation steel was carburized in a salt bath containing 10% cyanide (Potassium Cyanide KCN). Samples, which were cut into two different sizes as 15x15x100 mm and 20x20x100 mm, were gradually heated from room temperature to the hardening temperature of 930 °C and kept at this temperature for two different holding times as six and seven hours. The temperature was gradually reduced to 860 °C and the samples were kept at this temperature for 40 minutes and then quenched in the oil cooling medium. After quenching, the materials were tempered at 180 °C for two hours. The surfaces of the samples which were sanded according to microstructure examinations and polished with diamond paste were etched with 5% Nital solution. Surface hardness and microhardness of the samples were measured and their microstructures were examined with an optical microscope. The hardness depth was 1.6 mm and the effective hardness depth was 1.2 mm for the materials. It was observed that hardening up to a 0.2 mm depth was at maximum level and hardness values decreased while approaching the core. In the microstructure examinations, it was observed that the martensitic layer was formed on the surface and this layer lost its effect as it penetrated inwards. In the cementation process, it was determined that material thickness and carburization time had an effect on material properties. Microstructure ; Indentation hardness ; Materials science ; Hardening (computing) ; Hardness ; Knoop hardness test ; Metallurgy ; Cementation (geology) ; Martensite ; Optical microscope ; Composite material ; Layer (electronics) ; Scanning electron microscope Metal Alloys Wear and Properties ; Metal and Thin Film Mechanics ; Advanced materials and composites
Authors: Umut Kıvanç Şahin | Senem Kurşun Bahadır
Source: TEKSTİL VE KONFEKSİYON (article, 2019-05-27)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

MEASURED CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS OF POWERED E-TEXTILE TRANSMISSION LINES WITH RESPECT TO WELDING PROCESS PARAMETERS Among the diverse range of techniques applied in manufacturing of wearable electronics, welding process appears to be one of the most promising, as it offers high protection and insulation without sacrificing textile comfort and quality expectations, however, a number of factors including material and processing types must be considered in order to reach a high quality welded e-textile with repeatable and accurate functionality. In this study, in order to create an e-textile power transmission system, stainless steel conductive yarns were welded with three different types of multi-layered breathable, waterproof and windproof welding tapes on top of either polyester or polyamide textile fabrics under different welding process parameters. Current on the e-textile sample was measured and acquired via real-time measurements under different voltages applied. The effects of welding parameters together with material types at various applied voltages on electrical current passing through powered e-textile structure were statistically analyzed and discussed. Interaction of highly effective factors were presented using contour plots. Moreover, a desirability map was prepared for a targeted current. Statistical analysis of the experimental data showed that applied voltage and linear resistance of conductive yarn were the highly significantly effective factors on obtained level of current when the welded e-textile samples are powered. Desirability map showed that by selection of levels of factors applied throughout the study, a targeted actual current level can be reached with a very high precision (over 99%). Welding ; Textile ; Materials science ; Voltage ; Mechanical engineering ; Electrically conductive ; Electrical conductor ; Current (fluid) ; Process (computing) ; Automotive engineering ; Composite material ; Process engineering ; Computer science ; Engineering ; Electrical engineering Textile materials and evaluations ; Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials ; Color Science and Applications
Authors: Politeknik Ungku Omar | Che Norazman Che Wan
Source: Journal of Engineering and Science Research (review, 2019-02-20)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Chemical and Physical Properties Of Coconut Fiber In Asphalt Mixture: A Review This paper is a review of the chemical and physical properties of coconut fiber in asphalt mixtures. Coconut fibers (CF) are natural fibers and also an agricultural waste, which is abundant after the extraction of juice and coconut fruit. Nowadays, CF has been studied for its potential use in the construction field to increase the strength of materials with its high tensile strength. Additionally, CF can also be one the materials in highway construction as it can improve the skid resistance of asphalt pavements. It was shown that CF treated with NaOH lowered the penetration value and increased the softening point of modified bitumen. Flow of bitumen also can be avoided at high mixing and compaction temperatures by adding 0.7% of CF. Asphalt ; Softening point ; Materials science ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Compaction ; Composite material ; Fiber ; Mixing (physics) ; Softening ; Penetration (warfare) ; Mathematics Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation ; Innovative concrete reinforcement materials
Authors: Leli Kusumawati | Esmar Budi | Iwan Sugihartono
Source:  (article, 2019-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

PENGARUH TEMPERATUR TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN LAPISAN KOMPOSIT Ni-TiN/Si3N4 DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ELEKTRODEPOSISI Pada peralatan mesin khususnya yang menggunakan operasi kecepatan tinggi, dibutuhkan material yang mempunyai ketahanan terhadap korosi dan aus yang baik serta tingkat kekerasan yang tinggi. Salah satu material yang mempunyai kekerasan tinggi adalah logam. Namun penggunaan logam dapat menimbulkan permasalahan seperti korosi dan aus. Oleh karena itu, untuk meningkatkan sifat ketahanan korosi dan aus pada logam serta meningkatkan sifat mekanik logam yaitu dengan pelapisan komposit. Pembentukan lapisan komposit Ni-TiN/Si3N4 telah dilakukan untuk mengkaji pengaruh temperatur terhadap morfologi permukaan lapisan komposit Ni-TiN/Si3N4 yang telah terbentuk. Proses pelapisan dilakukan menggunakan metode elektrodeposisi selama 15 menit dengan arus sebesar 5 mA. Larutan elektrolit yang digunakan terdiri dari NiCl2.6H2O 0,17 M, Ni2SO4.6H2O 0,38 M, TiN 6 g/L, Si3N4 0,6 g/L, H3BO3 40 g/L, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) 0,6 g/L. Variasi temperatur yang digunakan yaitu 35°C, 40°C dan 45°C. Elektroda yang digunakan yaitu Pt sebagai elektroda pendukung, AgCl sebagai elektroda pembanding dan Tungsten Karbida (WC) sebagai elektroda kerja. Berdasarkan pengujian karakterisasi menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) pada temperatur 40°C menunjukkan morfologi permukaan lapisan yang lebih baik karena sedikit berpori dan aglomerat yang terbentuk lebih sedikit. &nbsp; In machine tools especially that use high-speed operation, we need materials that have good corrosion and wear resistance and a high level of hardness. One material that has a high hardness is metal. However, the use of metals can cause problems such as corrosion and wear. Therefore, to improve the corrosion and wear resistance properties of metals as well as to improve the mechanical properties of metals using composites coatings. Ni-TiN/Si3N4 composite layer was successfully electrodeposited to investigate temperature effect&nbsp; on the surface morphology of the formed Ni-TiN/Si3N4 composite layer. The composite layer used electrodeposition method for 15 minutes with a current of 5 mA. The electrolyte solution&nbsp; used consisted of NiCl2.6H2O 0,17 M, Ni2SO4.6H2O 0,38 M, TiN 6 g/L, Si3N4 0,6 g/L, H3BO3 40 g/L, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) 0,6 g/L. The variations of temperature used are 35°C, 40°C and 45°C. The electrode used is Pt as the counter electrode, AgCl as the reference electrode and Tungsten Carbide (WC) as the working electrode. Based on the characterization test using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) at a temperature of 40°C, the surface morphology of the layer was better because there were fewer porous and fewer agglomerates formed. Nuclear chemistry ; Materials science ; Metallurgy ; Chemistry Material Selection and Properties ; Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties
Authors: Mahfouz Al‐Bachir | Y. Othman
Source: International Journal of Food Studies (article, 2019-10-15)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Detection of long storage and sunflower adulteration of olive oils using ultra-violet (UV) spectroscopy method &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of Syrian Kaissy olive oil (SKOO) adulteration and long storage periods on the basic quality indices namely, peroxide value (PV), acid value (AV), and absorbance of UV (K232, K270, ∆K and R (K232/K270) values). This study revealed that the quality indexes, including AV, PV, K232, K270 and ∆K values, of all SKOO specimens increased with increasing storage time. It was revealed that the K232, K270 and ∆K values of SKOO specimens stored for 1 and 2 years remained under the limits, established by International Olive Council (IOC), of 2.5, 0.22 and 0.01 units, respectively. While in some cases, the K232, K270 and ∆K values exceeded their respective limits after 8, 9 and 10 years of storage. The index of R (K232/K270) decreased with time of storage.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; Chemistry ; Peroxide value ; Olive oil ; Food science ; Absorbance ; Sunflower ; Acid value ; Chromatography ; Horticulture ; Biology Edible Oils Quality and Analysis ; Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: David Waroquiers | Janine George | Matthew Horton | Stephan Schenk | Kristin A. Persson | Gian‐Marco Rignanese | Xavier Gonze | Geoffroy Hautier
Source: ChemRxiv (preprint, 2019-12-17)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

ChemEnv : A Fast and Robust Coordination Environment Identification Tool Coordination or local environments have been used to describe, analyze, and understand crystal structures for more than a century. Here, we present a new tool called ChemEnv, which can identify coordination environments in a fast and robust manner. In contrast to previous tools, the assessment of the coordination environments is not biased by small distortions of the crystal structure. Its robust and fast implementation enables the analysis of large databases of structures. The code is available open source within the pymatgen package and the software can as well be used through a web app available on http://crystaltoolkit.org through the Materials Project. Computer science ; Identification (biology) ; Contrast (vision) ; Software ; Source code ; Code (set theory) ; Distributed computing ; Artificial intelligence ; Operating system ; Programming language Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Crystallography and molecular interactions ; X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Authors: Jeffery A. Aguiar | Anthony M. Monterrosa | Bryan W. Reed | Daniel J. Masiel | Seongtae Kwon | Matthew L. Gong | Tolga Taşdizen | Benjamin Coryell | Katherine Jungjohann | Khalid Hattar | Erik Luther | Howard T. Hartman
Source: Microscopy and Microanalysis (article, 2019-08-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

In-situ Ion Irradiation and Recrystallization in Highly Structured Materials Structured materials represent a challenge to decouple their fundamental defect and annihilation mechanisms that largely influence their defect accumulation rates under extreme environments Open scientific questions remain on the relative defect recovery rates in these materials, including effects of local density, connected porosity, and defect content in largely highly oriented twodimensional materials, such as graphite. Pending the atomic arrangements, incident energies, and chemistries, there are further varying outcomes on whether ion-induced defects can be annealed in the vertical, horizontal, or combination axes. Current post analysis TEM studies are not enough to support and report a conclusive understanding of the creation and annihilation of ion-induced defects and subsequent annealing mechanisms in graphite and similar anisotropic materials. Atomic level in situ characterization can begin to these answer questions, as well as augment our ongoing atomistic and first principles-based understanding of radiation damage. Salt lake ; National laboratory ; Library science ; History ; Art history ; Engineering ; Engineering physics ; Computer science ; Geology Fusion materials and technologies ; Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides ; Nuclear Materials and Properties
Authors: Silvia Pittolo | Hyojung Lee | Anna Lladó | Sébastien Tosi | Miquel Bosch | Lídia Bardia | Xavier Gómez‐Santacana | Amadeu Llebaria | Eduardo Soriano | Julien Colombelli | Kira E. Poskanzer | Gertrudis Perea | Pau Gorostiza
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2019-01-09)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Reversible silencing of endogenous receptors in intact brain tissue using two-photon pharmacology Abstract The physiological activity of proteins is often studied with loss-of-function genetic approaches, but the corresponding phenotypes develop slowly and can be confounding. Photopharmacology allows direct, fast and reversible control of endogenous protein activity, with spatiotemporal resolution set by the illumination method. Here, we combine a photoswitchable allosteric modulator (alloswitch) and two-photon excitation (2PE) using pulsed near-infrared lasers to reversibly silence mGlu 5 receptor activity in intact brain tissue. Endogenous receptors can be photoactivated in neurons and astrocytes with pharmacological selectivity and with an axial resolution between 5 and 10 μm. Thus, two-photon pharmacology (2PP) using alloswitch allows investigating mGlu 5 -dependent processes in wild type animals, including synaptic formation and plasticity, and signaling pathways from intracellular organelles. Endogeny ; Allosteric regulation ; Receptor ; Neuroscience ; Intracellular ; Allosteric modulator ; Cell biology ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Biophysics ; Biochemistry Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry ; Photoreceptor and optogenetics research ; Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
Authors: Imroatuz Zakiyah | Wahono Wıdodo | Tukiran Tukiran
Source:  (article, 2019-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

The Effectiveness of Predict-Observe-Explain Strategy to Reduce Misconception in Thermochemistry Thermochemistry is one of materials that had low student's understanding ability on National Examination in 2013-2015 which only gets 55.45%. This low percentage because of student still has misconception. Misconception can cause students having low ability to understand a concept. This misconception should be reduced, one of the ways to reduced is using remedial teaching with appropriate learning strategy which suitable with the problem that faced by student and one of them is predict-observe-explain (POE) strategy. The aim of this research is to know the effectivity of learning process using POE strategy to reduce misconceptions. This research was using One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The sample is 33 students of XI MIA 4 at senior high school Kemala Bhayangkari 3. To know student conception this research using three tiers diagnostic test for pretest and posttest. A pretest was conducted after students have a conventional learning process with their teacher. Posttest was conducted after the student had given a treatment using POE strategy. Generally, the result shows students' changing conception. Initially, student's conception which knew the concept is 21.03% and student with misconception is 57.12%, after implementation of the learning process using POE strategy the conception changing gradually becomes 93.5% and 4.61%. So we can conclude that POE strategy effective to reduce misconception that had been experienced by student. Thermochemistry ; Computer science ; Thermodynamics ; Physics Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Various Chemistry Research Topics