jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Raphaelle Emram | Ronit Vogt Sionov | Adi Aharoni | Sarah Gingichashvili | Noa Cohen | Vitaly Gutkin | Moshe Amitay | Asaf Wilensky | Doron Steinberg | Rawi Assad
Source: International Journal of Molecular Sciences (article, 2026-03-19)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Susceptibility of the Oral Commensal Bacterium Streptococcus sanguinis to ZnO Nanoparticles <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i> (<i>S. sanguinis</i>) is an oral commensal and early colonizer of the tooth surface that contributes to dental biofilm homeostasis. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are often incorporated into dental restorative materials to enhance mechanical performance and confer antibacterial properties; however, their effects on <i>S. sanguinis</i> have not been thoroughly studied. Here, we investigated the antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy of ZnO NPs against this bacterial species. ZnO NPs exhibited a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 100 µg/mL and caused rapid, dose-dependent suppression of intracellular ATP levels and overall metabolic activity within 2-4 h of exposure. ZnO NPs induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in a dose-dependent manner. The free radical scavenger α-tocopherol partly prevented the antibacterial effect of ZnO NPs, suggesting that lipid peroxidation contributes to ZnO NP-mediated toxicity, although it is not the sole mechanism involved. Short-term exposure (2 h) to ZnO NPs did not significantly affect membrane integrity or cellular morphology, whereas prolonged treatment (24 h) resulted in pronounced membrane permeabilization, membrane hyperpolarization, and cellular swelling. Computational morphometric analyses of high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) images of planktonic growing bacteria after a 24 h treatment confirmed a significant, dose-dependent increase in cell surface area and surface roughness. Importantly, ZnO NPs also reduced the metabolic activity and compromised the structural integrity of mature, preformed biofilms. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that ZnO NPs exert antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects against <i>S. sanguinis</i> through early metabolic inhibition associated with oxidative stress followed by progressive membrane dysfunction. Streptococcus sanguinis ; Biofilm ; Bacteria ; Antimicrobial ; Reactive oxygen species ; Streptococcus mutans ; Lipid peroxidation ; Cell membrane ; Bacterial cell structure ; Zinc Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; Oral microbiology and periodontitis research ; Endodontics and Root Canal Treatments
Authors: Johan Persson | Rita Ferritsius | Stefan B. Lindström | Jan Hill
Source: Holzforschung (article, 2026-04-09)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Consistency in fibre distributions at constant tensile index despite variations in production rate and plate gap in high-consistency refining Abstract This study explores the effects of adjusting production rate and plate gaps on fibre distributions and handsheet properties in a double disc (DD) refiner, and examines how these factors influence pulp characteristics and energy use. Experimental results indicate that elevating production rates can reduce specific energy demands at a given tensile index (TI). Beyond individual properties, chi-squared tests were used to compare full fibre property distributions. These analyses demonstrated that pulps with equal TI are statistically indistinguishable across operating conditions, whereas pulps with different TI exhibit clear distributional differences. Overall, findings suggest that improved energy efficiency observed at higher production rates is primarily due to more effective refining mechanisms, rather than differences in the resulting fibre distributions. Further research is needed to clarify the complex interplay between production rate, specific energy, fibre properties, and handsheet properties, particularly the role of fibrillation in TI development. Ultimate tensile strength ; Production rate ; Pulp (tooth) ; Consistency (knowledge bases) ; Refining (metallurgy) ; Production (economics) ; Constant (computer programming) Advanced Cellulose Research Studies ; Lignin and Wood Chemistry ; Material Properties and Processing
Authors: Sören Lehmkuhl | Simon Fleischer | Jing Yang | Eduard Y. Chekmenev | Thomas Theis | Stephan Appelt | Jan G. Korvink | Mazin Jouda
Source: Angewandte Chemie International Edition (article, 2026-01-28)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Rapid RASER MRI Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) relies on high-power Radio-Frequency (RF) pulses to excite nuclear spins and in turn generate NMR signals. These pulses require large high-power RF-amplifiers and cause heat deposition in the tissue, which must be minimized for safety, presenting a growing problem when moving toward ever-higher field MRI. An alternative to RF-pulse excitation is self-excitation of nuclear spins using Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (RASER), where the nuclear spins undergo spontaneous transition, without RF excitation, from an over-populated state to a ground state. Here, the feasibility of recording rapid proton RASER MRI images of pyrazine at low concentration (120 mM) with large matrix (128x128 pixels) in as little as 78 ms is demonstrated at 500 MHz (11.7 T). We also recorded a time-series of images using a single bolus hyperpolarized pyrazine highlighting the feasibility of dynamic tracking. The demonstrated approach allows recording MRI scans without transmit-receive electronics of the MRI scanner, which is highly desirable for portable MRI as well as the emerging field of hyperpolarized MRI using, e.g., HP protons, <sup>129</sup>Xe gas or HP <sup>13</sup>C labeled biomolecules as molecular tracers and imaging agents. Spins ; Excitation ; Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Hyperpolarization (physics) ; Nuclear imaging ; Proton Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications ; Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research ; Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
Authors: Yinka Sikiru | C. Erkinbaev
Source: Data in Brief (article, 2026-02-20)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

A multimodal imaging dataset for quality grading of Canadian wild rice kernels using RGB and VNIR hyperspectral data This article presents a multimodal dataset of Canadian wild rice (<i>Zizania palustris</i>) kernels, combining high-resolution RGB imagery and visible-near-infrared (VNIR) hyperspectral reflectance data for post-harvest quality characterization. The dataset comprises paired RGB images and VNIR hyperspectral scans of individual wild rice kernels representing eight quality categories: Healthy-Large, Healthy-Medium, Discoloured-Low, Discoloured-High, Broken-Low, Broken-High, Insect-damaged, and Unhulled. RGB images were acquired under controlled laboratory conditions and processed into standardized 512 × 512 pixel single-kernel patches, with additional augmented variants generated using controlled geometric and photometric transformations. VNIR hyperspectral data were acquired in the 400-1000 nm wavelength range using a hyperspectral imaging system, followed by radiometric correction, automated kernel segmentation, and per-kernel spectral extraction. The dataset includes raw hyperspectral files, dark and white reference frames, reflectance-corrected hypercubes, segmentation masks, per-kernel mean spectral profiles, paired RGB images, and associated metadata. This resource is intended to support research in automated grain grading, defect detection, and multimodal machine-learning applications in spectroscopy, computer vision, and post-harvest quality assessment. VNIR ; Hyperspectral imaging ; RGB color model ; Segmentation ; Pixel ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Kernel (algebra) ; Image segmentation Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Smart Agriculture and AI ; Remote Sensing in Agriculture
Authors: Jing Wang | Fusheng Yang | Xinlong Zhao | Zaoxiao Zhang | Jasmina Grbović Novaković | Zhen Wu
Source:  (article, 2026-01-16)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Analysis of the Two-Stage Phenomenon and Construction of the Theoretical Model for Metal Hydride Reactors The metal hydride (MH) reactor serves as the core unit of hydrogen storage systems, with its reaction performance limited by heat transfer rates. Effective enhancement of reactor heat transfer performance can only be achieved through a fundamental understanding of the reactor’s hydrogen–thermal coupling mechanism. The reaction process within the reactor typically exhibits two distinct stages, a characteristic frequently disregarded in previous theoretical models. Through numerical simulation and analysis, the two-stage phenomenon and its associated hydrogen–thermal coupling mechanism were first quantitatively investigated. Based on the assumptions of neglecting the first-stage reaction time and maintaining bed thermal equilibrium, a novel two-stage theoretical model (a quantitative analytical model) was developed. This model successfully characterizes the internal hydrogen–thermal coupling and reaction progress. Having been numerically validated, the new model achieves a prediction accuracy of 2% for reaction rates, significantly outperforming the original reaction front model’s 25.5% error margin. Hydride ; Coupling (piping) ; Heat transfer ; Hydrogen ; Thermal ; Core (optical fiber) ; Reaction mechanism ; Process (computing) Hydrogen Storage and Materials ; Catalysts for Methane Reforming ; Ammonia Synthesis and Nitrogen Reduction
Authors: Tianchi Li | Marc Bernacki
Source: ArXiv.org (article, 2026-03-12)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

High-fidelity level-set modeling of polycrystalline grain growth Accurate modeling of polycrystalline microstructure evolution under strong crystallographic heterogeneities remains a major challenge for full-field numerical methods at the mesoscopic scale. In this work, we present a high-fidelity level-set framework for capillarity-driven grain growth in polycrystals with highly-heterogeneous, disorientation-dependent grain boundary energies. The novel framework represents a polycrystalline extension of our level-set formulation, previously developed and validated using a single triple junction benchmark case. In-depth comparisons with three established level-set models demonstrate that the proposed method yields the most energetically-consistent evolution of grain statistics, disorientation distribution function, and triple junction dihedral angles. Accuracy and robustness are maintained across the entire heterogeneity spectrum. To the best of our knowledge, this approach delivers the highest-fidelity front-capturing level-set modeling of grain growth based on Mullins' mean curvature flow theory, paving the way for state-of-the-art digital twins for annealing applications. Crystallite ; Triple junction ; Grain growth ; Grain boundary ; Annealing (glass) ; Mesoscopic physics ; Curvature Solidification and crystal growth phenomena ; Microstructure and mechanical properties ; Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties
Authors: Jingdan Li | Changfeng Li | Zhihao Chen | Wuyao Wang | Yinggan Zhang | Jintang Li | Faxiang Qin | Siwei Li
Source: Nano Research (article, 2026-02-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Encode design and fabrication of SiC <sub>f</sub> /GF hybrid weave metacomposite for broadband microwave absorption Fiber-reinforced composites that integrate efficient and broadband electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption with structural load-bearing capability have attracted considerable attention for radar-stealth applications. However, achieving effective absorption in the low-frequency band (&lt;8 GHz) remains challenging for dielectric-loss-dominated absorbers due to the long wavelength, which hinders the simultaneous realization of impedance matching and sufficient attenuation. Herein, we propose a SiC<sub>f</sub>/GF hybrid woven metacomposite, in which EMW-transparent glass fiber (GF) is hybrid woven with dielectric loss silicon carbide fiber (SiC<sub>f</sub>) to construct metastructural units compatible with large wavelengths, thereby extending the absorption performance towards the low-frequency regime. A genetic algorithm (GA) is integrated with full-wave simulations to optimize the fiber ratio, weaving pattern, and thickness of the hybrid woven metacomposite. Simulation results indicate that the optimized structure exhibits a reflection loss (RL) below -10 dB across the 4-15.6 GHz range, while experimental measurements confirm consistent broadband absorption from 4 to 12.5 GHz. The enhanced EMW absorption performance is attributed to the hybrid woven metacomposite, which facilitates deep wave penetration and efficient energy dissipation through synergistic impedance matching and multi-mechanism loss. Overall, this work presents a systematic strategy for developing low-frequency broadband structural microwave absorbers, with promising applications in electromagnetic shielding, radar stealth, and advanced electromagnetic protection. Broadband ; Microwave ; Reflection loss ; Impedance matching ; Absorption (acoustics) ; Woven fabric ; Fabrication ; Dielectric Electromagnetic wave absorption materials ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications
Authors: Fangfang Liu | Pengshuai Niu | Wei Lu
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2026-03-30)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Rapid and Non-destructive Evaluation of Soybean Seed Viability Using Transmission Hyperspectral Imaging and Ensemble Learning Hyperspectral imaging ; Random forest ; Ensemble learning ; Support vector machine ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Principal component analysis ; Preprocessor ; Naive Bayes classifier ; Dimensionality reduction ; Kernel (algebra) Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Remote Sensing in Agriculture ; Smart Agriculture and AI
Authors: Angeline Baldapan Elegio
Source: Advances in Technology Innovation (article, 2026-01-21)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Material Development and Properties of Medium-Density Board from Low and High-Density Polyethylene This study aims to develop a material from waste low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) into a medium-density board and assess its mechanical and physical properties. The development starts with degreasing the upcycled plastic sheets, stacking using premixed polyester resin as an adhesive, pressing, and laminating. The specimens are sent to the Department of Science and Technology Industrial Technology Development Institute (DOST-ITDI) standards and testing division to determine the material’s mechanical and physical properties. The findings reveal that the medium-density board successfully combines LDPE and HDPE waste, achieving tensile, flexural, and compressive strengths of 12.1 MPa, 24.2 MPa, and 14.5 MPa, respectively. The board is suitable for shaded outdoor use but not for continuous immersion as it shows a heat deflection temperature of 57.8 ℃ and 1.27% water absorption after 24 hours. Therefore, it is a potential substitute for furniture, home decor, and light construction materials. High-density polyethylene ; Heat deflection temperature ; Polyethylene ; Degreasing ; Printed circuit board ; Absorption of water ; Oriented strand board ; Low-density polyethylene Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Material Selection and Properties ; Soil, Finite Element Methods
Authors: Shipeng Liu | Jiahao Zhang | Junxiong Wang | Zeyao Chen | Zhaotong Yu | Jinhong Luo | Jiabao Luo | Rujia Cao | Shuxi Gong | Qingxin Guo | Ping Li | Rujiang Li | Ke Chen | Yongtao Jia | Ying Liu
Source: Advanced Science (article, 2026-01-09)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Broadband Achromatic Programmable Electromagnetic Camouflage via Fluidic‐Accessible Metasurface Broadband and reconfigurable illusion camouflage remains a major challenge in electromagnetic wave manipulation, as it imposes concurrent demands for precise dispersion control together with reliable real-time switching across wide frequency ranges. Existing metasurface cloaks typically suffer from narrow bandwidths and limited adaptability, rendering them unsuitable for dynamic radar detection scenarios. Herein, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a Fluidic-Accessible Metasurface (FAM) that overcomes these limitations by enabling programmable electromagnetic illusions through focal-spot encoding. The supercells are designed with strong dispersion control and achromatic focusing capabilities, thereby generating stable scattering hotspots from the radar perspective. Through the assembly and fluidic reconfiguration of these supercells, the FAM dynamically reconstructs the illusionary contours of diverse targets, such as aircraft, drones, and tanks, within an ultrawide operational bandwidth of 9-14 GHz. Experimental near-field measurements, in agreement with full-wave simulations, verify reliable and repeatable illusion camouflage states without leakage or degradation during fluidic reconfiguration. This strategy, therefore, unifies broadband operation, dynamic programmability, high adaptability, and structural robustness, directly addressing the key limitations of existing metasurface cloaks. This work establishes a versatile platform for programmable electromagnetic illusions, enabling the practical deployment of next-generation intelligent metasurface camouflage systems. Camouflage ; Broadband ; Achromatic lens ; Control reconfiguration ; Metamaterial ; Bandwidth (computing) ; Radar ; Cloaking ; Rendering (computer graphics) Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies
Authors: Maximilian Lackner | Ľubomíra Jurečková | Daniela Chmelová | Miroslav Ondrejovič | Katarína Borská | Anna Vykydalová | Michaela Sedničková | Hamed Peidayesh | Ivan Chodák | Martin Danko
Source: Polymers (article, 2026-01-16)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Methanotrophic Poly(hydroxybutyrate) Through C1 Fermentation and Downstream Process Development: Molar Mass, Thermal and Mechanical Characterization Today, PHB and its copolymers-potential plastic substitutes-are produced by fermenting sugar, which is not scalable to the volumes of plastic consumption. PHB from CH<sub>4</sub> can offer a sustainable process route, with CH<sub>4</sub> potentially produced from a variety of waste biomass streams through anaerobic digestion, gasification, and methanation. The high molar mass (M<sub>w</sub>) of PHB is a key determinant of its mechanical properties, and strain, culture conditions and downstream processing influence it. In this work, the strain <i>Methylocystis</i> sp. GB 25 (DSMZ 7674) was grown on natural gas as the sole carbon and energy source and air (1:1) in a loop reactor with 350 L active fermentation volume, at 35 °C and ambient pressure. After two days of continuous growth, the bacteria were limited in P and N for 1, 2, and 2.5 days to determine the optimal conditions for PHB accumulation and the highest Mw as the target. The biomass was then centrifuged and spray-dried. For downstream processing, chloroform solvent extraction and selected enzymatic treatment were deployed, yielding ~40% PHB from the biomass. The PHB obtained by solvent extraction exhibited high average weight molar masses of <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> ~1.1-1.5 × 10<sup>6</sup> g mol<sup>-1</sup>. The highest <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> was obtained after one day of limitation, whereas enzyme treatment resulted in partially degraded PHB. Cold chloroform maceration, interesting due to energy savings, did not achieve sufficient extraction efficiency because it was unable to extract high-molar-mass PHB fractions. The extracted PHB has a high molar mass, more than double that of standard commercial PHB, and was characterized by DSC, which showed a high degree of crystallinity of up to 70% with a melting temperature of close to 180 °C. Mechanical tensile properties measurements, as well as dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), were performed. Degradation of the PHB by enzymes was also determined. Methanotrophic PHB is a promising bioplastics material. The high M<sub>w</sub> can limit and delay polymer degradation in practical processing steps, making the material more versatile and robust. Chloroform ; Fermentation ; Extraction (chemistry) ; Molar mass ; Biomass (ecology) ; Solvent ; Downstream processing ; Molar concentration biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties ; Carbon dioxide utilization in catalysis ; Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
Authors: K. B. Mekha | Nur Sofia Idayu Didik Aprianto | K. Sudhakar | Norazwina Zainol | Nurulfadzilah Hasan | Mahima Karim | Nurhafizah Abu Talip Yusof
Source: Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences (article, 2026-02-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Factorial analysis of lignocellulosic content influence on the permittivity of coconut-shell epoxy dielectric composites Abstract The development of sustainable dielectric materials is crucial for advancing next-generation electronic and energy storage systems. This study investigates the dielectric behavior of coconut-shell-based epoxy composites and evaluates the influence of processing parameters using a two-level factorial design (TLFD) coupled with two-level factorial analysis (TLFA). The effects of filler loading, particle size, and curing condition (non-heated and heated) on lignocellulosic content and the real part of permittivity (ε′) were systematically examined at 5 GHz using a vector network analyzer. At a 40 wt.% filler content, the measured lignocellulosic content reached 58.7% (Kurschner-Hanack), with permittivity values ranging from 3.74 to 4.11. Statistical analysis identified the curing condition as the most significant factor affecting ε′, followed by filler loading and particle size. The novelty of this study lies in applying TLFD and TLFA to quantitatively evaluate how lignocellulosic content influences GHz-range permittivity specifically in coconut-shell-based dielectric composites, a compositional factor that earlier coconut-shell studies have not explicitly examined. This approach demonstrates how statistical modeling, supported by ANOVA, can bridge the relationship between material composition and electromagnetic performance in GHz dielectric composites. The findings establish a systematic framework for optimizing bio-based dielectric materials and demonstrate the potential of coconut-shell-derived composites for sustainable electronic applications. Dielectric ; Permittivity ; Epoxy ; Curing (chemistry) ; Factorial experiment ; Composite number ; Dielectric permittivity ; Loss factor Electromagnetic wave absorption materials ; Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Dielectric materials and actuators