jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Juro Živičnjak | Antoneta Tomljenović | Igor Zjakić
Source: Fibers (article, 2026-02-02)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Innovative Approach to Textile Pilling Assessment Using Uniform Digital Imaging During use, the surface of textile fabrics is prone to wear, which can cause changes such as pilling. Pilling (entanglement of fibers) is primarily assessed using the standard visual method EN ISO 12945-4:2020, but it can also be quantitatively measured by instrumental methods with image analysis software. Due to non-uniform digital imaging conditions, such as variations in magnification and analyzed surface area, the assessed area is often inconsistent. As a result, the total percentage of the fabric specimen surface area covered with pills is often omitted. To ensure uniform digital imaging, an innovative apparatus was designed and constructed in this research and applied to woven fabrics made from 100% cotton, wool, viscose, polyamide 6.6, polyester, and acrylic fiber. Pilling in the fabric specimens was induced by rubbing with the Martindale pilling tester (EN ISO 12945-2:2020) using two different abradant materials, through predefined pilling rubs ranging from 125 to 30,000. Pilling assessment was conducted using both the visual method and the improved instrumental method, following established grading classes based on the total percentage of the fabric specimen surface area covered with pills. The research results highlight the importance of uniform digital imaging and digital grading, as these demonstrate the high comparability of pilling grades assigned by the standard visual method while providing better distinction between consecutive grades. Textile ; Digital imaging ; Digital image ; Rubbing ; Digital image analysis ; Visual inspection Textile materials and evaluations ; Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection ; Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers
Authors: Senyu Wang | Liang Zhao | Hongyu Luo | Xiangyu Zhao | Jianfeng Li | Wei Wang | Hao Lei | Mingrui Jiang | Jinlong Wan | Binxing Zhao | Bincheng Li | Yong Liu
Source: Opto-Electronic Science (article, 2026-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Ppt-level volatile organic compounds detection via microsecond-pulse-enhanced mid-infrared photoacoustic Ultrasensitive detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is pivotal for early disease diagnosis and industrial safety, yet existing photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) systems struggle to breach the sub-ppb barrier required for practical applications. Here, we overcome this limitation by demonstrating a PAS architecture driven by a gain-switched Er<sup>3+</sup>/Dy<sup>3+</sup> co-doped mid-infrared fiber laser, achieving an unprecedented detection limit of 416 ppt for propane, which is an order-of-magnitude improvement over state-of-the-art systems. This performance arises from a direct pump-modulation strategy that generates high-energy microsecond pulses to significantly enhance photoacoustic excitation without power loss. Crucially, the laser's broad tunability (3.2–3.55 μm) covers the fundamental C-H stretching band, enabling not only high-resolution spectral reconstruction but also the versatile detection of multiple disease markers and industrial hazards, including isoprene (cardiovascular biomarker), 1,2-dimethoxyethane (battery failure indicator), and propanal (food safety marker). By delivering clinical-grade sensitivity in a compact, robust fiber-based format, this work establishes a transformative pathway toward deployable, high-performance gas sensing solutions. Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine ; Photoacoustic spectroscopy ; Analyte ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Noise (video) Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging ; Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques
Authors: Cláudio da Silva Junior | Anantcha Karla Lafaiete de Holanda Cavalcanti | Clécio José de Lacerda Lima | Ítalo José Batista Durval | Attílio Converti | Andréa Fernanda de Santana Costa | Leonie Asfora Sarubbo
Source: Resources (article, 2026-03-17)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Molded Rigid Single-Use Containers from Cassava Residue, Sugarcane Bagasse, and Bacterial Cellulose Obtained from Low-Complexity Aqueous Processing Agro-industrial waste-derived materials are promising candidates for short-cycle packaging applications. Here, we report a proof-of-concept for biodegradable biocomposites formulated with cassava residue (CR), sugarcane bagasse (SCB), and bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by symbiotic fermentation (SCOBY). This approach addresses the mechanical limitations typically associated with cassava starch-based matrices by introducing natural reinforcements to improve structural integrity and cohesion. A set of formulations with varying CR/BC/SCB ratios was processed and assessed through tensile and flexural testing, elongation at break, thermal analysis, and water-related behavior (sorption, absorption, and contact angle). Among the evaluated blends, formulation F1 (80% CR, 5% BC, 15% SCB) delivered the best overall balance between performance and moldability, achieving a tensile strength of 11.97 MPa and showing good dimensional stability. Biodegradability was confirmed by composting, reaching 72.74% mass loss after 84 days. Overall, BC incorporation improved matrix cohesion and enabled control of mechanical integrity and wettability in the blends, as highlighted for F1 (tensile strength 11.97 MPa; peak force 560.32 N; contact angle 65°; water absorption rate, WAR, 58.68%; sorption time 5.4 s). Given the abundance of sugarcane and cassava residues in Northeast Brazil, this low-complexity route leverages locally available feedstocks to add value to regional waste streams and support the partial replacement of synthetic polymers. Bacterial cellulose ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Bagasse ; Cellulose ; Absorption of water ; Biodegradation ; Flexural strength ; Residue (chemistry) Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging ; Advanced Cellulose Research Studies ; Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: Lukas Seidel | Sam Thomas | Konrad Rieck
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (article, 2026-03-09)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Practical Type Inference: High-Throughput Recovery of Real-World Structures and Function Signatures The recovery of types from stripped binaries is a key to exact decompilation, yet its practical realization suffers. For composite structures in particular, both layout and semantic fidelity are required to enable end-to-end reconstruction. Many existing approaches either synthesize layouts or infer names post-hoc, which weakens downstream usability. This is further aggravated by an excessive runtime overhead that is especially prohibitive in automated environments. We present XTRIDE, an improved n-gram-based approach that focuses on practicality: highly optimized throughput and actionable confidence scores allow for deployment in automated pipelines. When compared to the state of the art in struct recovery, our method achieves comparable performance while being between 70 and 2300 times faster. As our inference is grounded in real-world types, we achieve the highest ratio of fully-correct struct layouts. With an optimized training regimen, our model outperforms the current state of the art on the DIRT dataset by 5.09 percentage points, achieving 90.15% type inference accuracy overall. Furthermore, we show that n-gram-based type prediction generalizes to function signature recovery: conducting a case study on embedded firmware, we show that this efficient approach to function similarity can assist in typical reverse engineering tasks. Inference ; Type inference ; Function (biology) ; Overhead (engineering) ; Key (lock) ; Realization (probability) ; State (computer science) ; struct ; Throughput Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Natural Language Processing Techniques ; Topic Modeling
Authors: Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed | NAWAL AYASH RAJAB
Source: International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics (article, 2026-01-07)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

MIRTAZAPINE LOADED PRONANOMICELLES: PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION Objective: The aim of this work was to prepare mirtazapine-loaded self-assembled micelles using soluplus®, solutol®HS15 and TPGs to enhance mirtazapine solubility and thus oral bioavailability. Methods: MTZ nanomicelles were produced by the thin-film hydration method using different polymers in different ratios to prepare stable MTZ nanomicelles, where the soluplus® nanomicelles formula in different ratios was F1 to F4; soluplus® in combination with TPGS to stabilize the nanomicelles formula was formulated in different ratios as in F5 to F10; and soluplus® in combination with SolutolHS 15 as in F10 to F14. The most stable formula is further investigated with particle size, polydispersity index, drug loading, entrapment efficacy, and in vitro release, and then the selected formula is statistically further investigated with FTIR, DSC, and FESEM. Results: The particle size of the prepared formula ranged from 57 nm for F4 (1:10 of MTZ: soluplus®) to 78 nm for F8 (1:8:4 of MTZ: soluplus®: TPGS); the EE% ranged from 85% to 90%; FTIR analysis suggested no chemical interaction; FESEM showed spherical nanomicelles in Nano size; and DSC showed the transition of the drug to an amorphous form due to MTZ entrapment with in nanomicelles. Conclusion: Mirtazapine-loaded Soluplus® micelles alone and in combination, first with TPGS and second with Solutol HS 15 by the thin-film hydration method show uniform distribution of particle size, PDI, and enhancement in the in vitro release of the drug. Dispersity ; Micelle ; Solubility ; Particle size ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; Nanoparticle ; Amorphous solid ; Polymer Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Advanced Drug Delivery Systems ; Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
Authors: Chiara Bernardini | Maike Däther | Franziska R. Traube
Source: ChemBioChem (article, 2026-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Advances and Applications of Spatial Proteomics: From Organellar Maps to Clinical Translation Spatial proteomics has emerged as a powerful approach to systematically map the subcellular localization of thousands of proteins in parallel, providing insights into organelle composition, protein trafficking, and context-dependent relocalization events. Building on advances in mass spectrometry sensitivity, and acquisition as well as quantification strategies, organelle-resolved protein maps can now be generated with unprecedented depth and resolution, and recent workflows have expanded the applicability of spatial proteomics to diverse experimental and challenging contexts. Complementary bioinformatic pipelines enable the assignment of proteins to compartments, the detection of distribution shifts, and the integration of spatial data with other omics layers. Beyond fundamental cell biology, the technology holds great potential for clinical research, where limited input material and the complexity of primary samples pose specific challenges. Emerging low-input preparation methods, antibody-based organelle enrichment, and microscopy-guided approaches offer promising solutions, while robust, marker-independent data analysis will be essential to handle the biological variability of patient-derived samples. As protocols become more automated, low-input compatible, and bioinformatically standardized, spatial proteomics is poised to become a valuable tool for mechanistic disease research, biomarker discovery, and therapeutic target identification. Proteomics ; Workflow ; Proteogenomics ; Translation (biology) ; Biomarker discovery ; Quantitative proteomics ; Systems biology ; Biomarker Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Biotin and Related Studies ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
Authors: Sab Sharon Mbape | Fabrice Tonfack Djikeng | Mallampalli Sri Lakshmi Karuna | Rachapudi Badari Narayana Prasad
Source: Food biomacromolecules. (article, 2026-01-08)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Fluorescent light and sunlight radiations may improve rice bran oil colour and influence its oxidative stability and chemical composition Abstract The influence of pretreatment of rice bran oil using fluorescent and sunlight radiations on its colour and their influence on its chemical composition and oxidative stability were assessed. Rice bran oil was stored under sunlight, fluorescent light and ambient conditions for 60 days. Oil samples were collected every 15 days for analysis. The changes were compared to the same oil on Day 0. The parameters analysed were the colour, quality indexes, the oryzanol and fatty acid composition of the oils. Results revealed that both sunlight and fluorescent light significantly reduce rice bran oil colour, the best colour being obtained under sunlight. Sunlight significantly alters the oxidative stability of rice bran oil. Fluorescent light retains gamma‐oryzanol better than sunlight. Both sunlight and fluorescent light have no significant impact on the fatty acid composition of rice bran oil. These techniques can be exploited to pretreat rice bran oil before refining for a better colour, acceptability and marketability. Rice bran oil ; Bran ; Sunlight ; Fluorescent light ; Fluorescence ; Composition (language) ; Chemical composition Edible Oils Quality and Analysis ; Food Chemistry and Fat Analysis ; Biodiesel Production and Applications
Authors: Yuting He | Jinbao Jiang | Feng Xiong | Zhihong Zhu
Source: Preprints.org (preprint, 2026-01-26)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Dynamically Reconfigurable XNOR/IMP Logic Based on Dual-Mechanism Operation in an Electrically Tunable Two-Dimensional Heterojunction Reconfigurable logic is crucial for future adaptive computing but are challenging to realize with conventional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology due to the limited field-effect characteristics of the fundamental silicon devices. Two-dimensional materials offer a promising platform, yet enhancing their functional versatility requires novel operational mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate a single WSe₂/h-BN/graphene heterojunction capable of dynamically switching between distinct logic functions—XNOR and IMP—simply by modulating the drain-source voltage. At a low bias of 0.3 V, the carrier distribution is governed by capacitive coupling, realizing an XNOR gate. Increasing the bias to 3 V activates Fowler–Nordheim tunneling between the graphene floating gate and the drain, enabling IMP logic operation. The interplay and voltage-induced transition between these two physical mechanisms underpins the device&amp;#039;s multifunctional capability. This work introduces a novel operational strategy for two-dimensional material-based reconfigurable logic, providing a pathway toward compact, adaptive hardware for post-CMOS computing. XNOR gate ; Logic gate ; Capacitive sensing ; NOR gate ; Heterojunction ; Pass transistor logic ; Logic synthesis ; Logic family 2D Materials and Applications ; Graphene research and applications ; Topological Materials and Phenomena
Authors: In Hwan Jung | Chetan Revadekar | Hag Sung Lee | Hyerim Hwang | Hyosung An | Bum Jun Park
Source: Nature Communications (article, 2026-03-09)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Nonequilibrium ordering dynamics of confined soft alginate hydrogel colloids driven by time-evolving electrostatic interactions Elucidating how repulsive interactions evolve to generate ordered structures in nonequilibrium colloidal systems remains a central challenge, partly because few experimental platforms provide particle-resolved access to their structural evolution. Here we show that alginate hydrogel colloids confined within cyclohexyl bromide (CHB) emulsion droplets form a controllable model system in which electrostatic interactions evolve in time and drive ordering. Ba<sup>2+</sup> ions diffusing from the surrounding aqueous phase progressively crosslink the alginate droplets, increasing their surface charge, while buoyancy compacts them into locally quasi-two-dimensional layers within the CHB phase. As electrostatic repulsion strengthens, the assembly evolves from a disordered state to a hexagonally ordered structure. By calibrating Brownian dynamics simulations to the experimentally measured lattice spring constant, we constrain the effective Debye screening length to ≈2.5-3 μm. Quantitative imaging further shows that ordering emerges once a dimensionless interaction parameter-defined as the ratio of electrostatic interaction energy to thermal energy-reaches values of ≈117-149. The ordered state exhibits reversible disordered-order behavior under mechanical and magnetic perturbations, demonstrating a robust nonequilibrium platform for probing charge-regulated colloidal ordering under confinement. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics ; Brownian dynamics ; Electrostatics ; Colloid ; Debye length ; Brownian motion ; Thermal fluctuations ; DLVO theory ; Dimensionless quantity ; Static electricity Pickering emulsions and particle stabilization ; Micro and Nano Robotics ; Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
Authors: Nilesh Rajendran | David P. Eisenberg | Brady J. Clapsaddle | G. Srinivas | Emiel DenHartog
Source: Textiles (article, 2026-01-18)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Investigating Color as a Non-Destructive Indicator of Strength Loss in High Tensile Nylon 6,6 Webbings High-performance nylon 6,6 webbings used in critical applications degrade under solar exposure, necessitating reliable methods to assess their residual strength non-destructively. This study investigates the feasibility of using instrumental color change as a predictive indicator for the loss of breaking strength. Four colors of nylon 6,6 webbings were subjected to accelerated xenon-arc solar weathering for up to 15 days. The resulting color change was quantified using both the CIELab and CIEDE2000 formulas, and residual breaking strength was measured following ASTM D6775. A regression analysis was performed to correlate these properties. The results demonstrate that a strong predictive relationship exists, but its efficacy is highly color-dependent. Webbing with high initial chroma, namely tan (R2 = 0.889) and navy (R2 = 0.817), showed a strong correlation between color change and strength loss. In contrast, the models for low-chroma black and white webbings were weak and unreliable. Furthermore, the simpler CIELab (ΔE*ab) formula provided slightly more accurate predictions than the more complex CIEDE2000 (ΔE*00) metric. It is concluded that colorimetry can be a viable non-destructive tool for predicting mechanical degradation, but its application is limited to specific high-chroma materials, precluding a universal model based entirely on colorimetry. Colorimetry ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Color measurement ; Color difference ; Residual ; Linear regression ; Tear resistance ; Reflectivity Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity ; Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Structural Analysis and Optimization
Authors: Antonio De Luca | Giuseppina Ambrogio | Vincenzo Caligiuri | Geltrude Stumpo | Maria Grazia Ruffolo | Luigino Filice
Source: The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (article, 2026-03-03)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

Investigation into the surface structural coloration of Ti6Al4V alloys for use in the anti-counterfeiting of critical industrial products Nowadays, procurement strategies for complex products rely on a global supply chain dimension. This practice exposes companies to increasing risks of counterfeiting and loss of control across the supply chain, with significant implications for safety, reliability, reputation, and competitiveness. Conventional anti-counterfeiting strategies exhibit clear limitations, as the trade-off between cost-effectiveness and authentication reliability often compromises product uniqueness and integrity. In this context, plasmonic technology represents a promising approach among the surfaces’ functionalization techniques: by harnessing nanoscale electronic oscillations, metallic substrates can be endowed with an optical “fingerprint” that is unique, irreproducible, and capable of verifying product provenance. Here, we present an experimental study on Ti-6Al-4 V alloy samples, using sputtering deposition to incorporate thin ITO films and silver nano-islands. Optical and morphological characterizations via ellipsometry, reflectance spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy reveal that plasmonic surfaces can precisely modulate color and reflectance, generating a proper optical marker. The process yields a macroscopically reproducible color, which offers a high (but not extreme) level of security, as well as a unique microscopic pattern that, however, requires atomic force microscopy (AFM) to be read. This case study underscores the potential of plasmonic technology for high-value sectors, providing an initial practical result for enhancing product security, authentication, and traceability. Plasmon ; Optical microscope ; Sputtering ; Nanoscopic scale ; Product (mathematics) ; Atomic force microscopy ; Alloy ; Titanium alloy ; Thin film Material Properties and Applications ; Surface Treatment and Coatings ; Titanium Alloys Microstructure and Properties
Authors: Javier Hernández-Rojas | Florent Calvo | David J Wales
Source: Apollo (University of Cambridge) (article, 2026-02-14)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Energy landscapes of the water hexamer and octamer for the MB-pol and TIP4P/2005 potentials. Among the numerous interaction potentials available for water, MB-pol and TIP4P/2005 are popular choices to model both gas and condensed phases. Here, we examine the intermediate case of finite clusters for 6 and 8 molecules, with a thorough survey of the energy landscapes using a combination of basin-hopping global optimization and discrete path sampling methods. The two potentials predict qualitatively similar energy landscapes for both the hexamer and octamer. However, important differences arise due to changes in the energetic ordering of corresponding minima, including the global minimum itself. Differences in the classical heat capacities are relatively modest and mostly occur at low temperatures as a result of transitions between competing isomers. The heat capacity peaks can be assigned and interpreted using the temperature gradient of the occupation probabilities and involve only a few minima. The polarizable and flexible MB-pol model is more sophisticated than the rigid, non-polarizable TIP4P/2005 model and produces different intermediates in the isomerization pathways between low-energy configurations of the hexamer. In contrast, the pathways connecting low-lying cubic isomers of the octamer agree quantitatively between the two models, aside from some energetic reordering. Random hexamer ; Histone octamer ; Energy (signal processing) ; Isomerization ; Polarizability ; Adiabatic process ; Path (computing) ; Potential energy Advanced Physical and Chemical Molecular Interactions ; Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics ; Material Dynamics and Properties