jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Maria Roxana Biricioiu | Mirela Sârbu | Raluca Ică | Željka Vukelić | Svjetlana Kalanj Bognar | Alina D. Zamfir
Source: Preprints.org (preprint, 2023-12-07)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Advances in Mass Spectrometry of Gangliosides Expressed in Brain Cancers Gangliosides are highly abundant in the human brain where they are involved in major biological events. In brain cancers, alterations of ganglioside pattern occur, some of which being correlated with the neoplastic transformation, while others with the tumor proliferation. Of all the techniques, mass spectrometry (MS) has proven to be one of the most effective in gangliosidomics, due to its ability to characterize heterogeneous mixtures and discover species with biomarker value. This review highlights the most significant achievements of MS in the analysis of gangliosides in human brain cancers. The first part presents the state-of-the-art in the MS development for discovery of ganglioside markers in primary brain tumors, with a particular emphasis on the ion mobility separation (IMS) MS and its contribution to the elucidation of the gangliosidome associated with aggressive tumors. The second part is focused on the MS of gangliosides in brain metastases, highlighting the ability of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MS, microfluidics-MS and tandem MS to decipher and structurally characterize species involved in the metastatic process. In the end, several conclusions and perspectives are presented, among which the need for development of a reliable software and a user-friendly structural database as a search platform in brain tumor diagnostics. Ganglioside ; Biomarker discovery ; Brain tumor ; Mass spectrometry ; MALDI imaging ; Computational biology ; Biomarker ; Mass spectrometry imaging ; Chemistry ; Cancer ; Cancer research ; Neuroscience ; Proteomics ; Biology ; Medicine ; Pathology ; Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization ; Biochemistry ; Chromatography ; Internal medicine ; Desorption ; Gene Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies ; Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Authors: Mustafa Salman | Mahmoud Mahdi | Majida Ahmed
Source: Engineering and Technology Journal (article, 2023-06-13)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Performance Evaluation of PV Panel Powered Dual Thermoelectric Air Conditioning System Thermoelectric air condition system (TEACs) powered by solar photovoltaics is useful for thermal comfort applications, especially when there is a direct energy source like sunlight. This paper presents experimental investigations of solar-powered thermoelectric air conditioning for both cooling and heating modes. The experiments were carried out in a test room whose volume is 1 m3 under the climatic conditions of the city of Baghdad. In the summer, the thermoelectric device functions as a Peltier cooler. The cold side absorbs the heat from the inside to lower the room's temperature. As for winter, the heat is released from the thermoelectric Peltier module by reversing the current applied to the thermoelectric Peltier to raise the room's temperature. In this work, the thermoelectric air condition system was supplied with different electrical power supply values with time intervals between the ON/OFF operations. The results showed that the system could heat and cool the air well in different operation conditions. The lowest temperature (22&deg;C) is achieved in the cooling mode, with a Coefficient of Performance (COP) of 0.64 and an exergy efficiency of 0.47. In contrast, in the heating mode, the highest temperature is (31&deg;C) with a COP of 0.87 and exergy efficiency of 0.75. This simple and eco-friendly method can minimize the cooling and heating load in the room. Thermoelectric cooling ; Thermoelectric effect ; Thermoelectric generator ; Coefficient of performance ; Air conditioning ; Nuclear engineering ; Environmental science ; Materials science ; Exergy ; Photovoltaics ; Photovoltaic system ; Mechanical engineering ; Process engineering ; Electrical engineering ; Thermodynamics ; Heat pump ; Engineering ; Physics ; Heat exchanger Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices ; Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods
Authors: Jassim J. Al Said Naji | Mohammed Ahmed | Hijran Mageed Hammad | Ali. M. Fadhel
Source: Iraqi journal of oil and gas researches (article, 2023-10-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Effect of Using Different Property Modelling Strategies on the Calculated Value of the Initial Oil in Place by Volumetric Method The initial oil in place (IOIP) is an important factor that controls economic planning for production and field life. Therefore, this parameter must be determined precisely and carefully. The present paper is dealt with study the impact of adopting two different strategies of property modeling on IOIP value. 3D geological model constructed by using information likewise: contour map, oil formation volume factor, control processing interpretation (CPI) of well logs, and well heads and tops of twelve wells for selected field. The chosen oil field is feeding from Mishrif reservoir and located in southern Iraq. Mishrif reservoir is classified to six layers: MA, MB11, MB12, MB21, MC1, and MC2. Two strategies for distributing petrophysical properties: porosity, water saturation, and net to gross thickness of Mishrif reservoir are utilized. The two strategies are sequential Gaussian simulation and moving average. The volumetric method is used for estimating IOIP values. The impact of using the two strategies of property modeling was very clear where the values of IOIP had a significant difference. The IOIP value of 3D model whose petrophysical properties are distributed using moving average strategy is 5.145 billion barrels, while the 3D model distributed by Gaussian strategy had IOIP equal to 4.195 billion barrels. According to obtained results, the choice of distribution method is very important in estimation of IOIP. Selection of optimal property modeling strategy need to statistical comparison with selected oil field reports and input data, so finally, the closest representation of a protective reservoir and accurate value of IOIP. Property value ; Property (philosophy) ; Value (mathematics) ; Petroleum engineering ; Materials science ; Process engineering ; Mathematics ; Geology ; Statistics ; Engineering ; Business ; Philosophy Petroleum Processing and Analysis ; Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques
Authors: Razman Ayop | Chee Wei Tan | Shahrin Md Ayob | Mohd Fadzil Daud | Jasrul Jamani Jamian | Norjulia Mohamad Nordin
Source: International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems/International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (article, 2023-09-26)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Comparison of control strategies for thermoelectric generator emulator Thermoelectric generator (TEG) can directly convert heat energy into electrical energy. It improves the power efficiency of the energy generation system by converting the power loss in the form of heat produced during the generation process into additional electrical energy. The TEG emulator (TEGE) is a power converter that produces a similar current-voltage characteristic as the TEG. It is a valuable device used to develop and test the TEG-based energy generation system. Nonetheless, the research on the TEGE is still in the early stage. This paper proposed a proper, low-cost, and high-efficient TEGE design using the buck converter. The contribution of the paper covers the TEG model in the form of an array, the buck converter design tailored to the TEGE, and 4 new control strategies proposed for the TEGE. The control strategies are the direct referencing method (DRM), perturb and observed (PnO) method, resistance comparison method (RCM), and resistance feedback method (RFM). The conventional proportional-integral controller is used to maintain a smooth operation during transient and steady-state periods. The results show the merits or demerits for each proposed control strategy based on the accuracy, transient response, stability, overshoot, and efficiency. Overshoot (microwave communication) ; Thermoelectric generator ; Transient (computer programming) ; Computer science ; Generator (circuit theory) ; Controller (irrigation) ; Control theory (sociology) ; Voltage ; Power (physics) ; Buck converter ; Thermoelectric effect ; Electrical engineering ; Control (management) ; Engineering ; Telecommunications Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices ; Microgrid Control and Optimization ; Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks
Authors: Rodrigo Henrique Gounella | Augusto Martins | Vinícius M. Pepino | Ben‐Hur V. Borges | João Carmo
Source: Applied Sciences (article, 2023-05-29)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

A Low-Cost Instrument for Multidimensional Characterization of Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies Exploring the potential of 3D printing in electromagnetic wave manipulation, this paper introduces a novel, cost-effective instrument for microwave metasurface characterization. Metasurfaces, designed to alter wave propagation, are promising tools for enhancing antenna efficiency in advanced telecommunication methods, such as 5G systems. However, their complex profile characterization often poses significant challenges. Our proposed fully automated four-axis instrument, leveraging 3D printing capable of creating complex structures (such as metasurfaces), addresses these challenges by offering an efficient and precise solution. The instrument, costing approximately USD 1550, successfully characterized a metalens designed for modulating 30 GHz signals with a 20 cm focal distance, proving its utility. The 2D and 3D intensity distribution profiles and key parameters (including 8.05 dB gain, 11 cm 3 dB depth of focus, and 2.17 cm full width at half maximum) were extracted. Our measurements notably corresponded with the theoretical diffraction calculations, validating the instrument’s efficacy. This breakthrough significantly contributes to microwave metasurface characterization techniques which are vital for future millimeter-wave communication systems. Characterization (materials science) ; Microwave ; Extremely high frequency ; Computer science ; Key (lock) ; Wireless ; Electronic engineering ; Optics ; Telecommunications ; Engineering ; Physics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Antenna Design and Analysis
Authors: M. Tiwari | Rens Kievit | S. Kabanovic | Lars Bonne | Fabrizio Falasca | C. Guevara | R. Higgins | M. Justen | R. Karim | Ü. Kavak | C. H. M. Pabst | Marc W. Pound | N. Schneider | R. Simon | J. Stützki | M. G. Wolfire | A. G. G. M. Tielens
Source: The Astrophysical Journal (article, 2023-11-20)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Identifying Physical Structures in Our Galaxy with Gaussian Mixture Models: An Unsupervised Machine Learning Technique Abstract We explore the potential of the Gaussian mixture model (GMM), an unsupervised machine-learning method, to identify coherent physical structures in the interstellar medium. The implementation we present can be used on any kind of spatially and spectrally resolved data set. We provide a step-by-step guide to use these models on different sources and data sets. Following the guide, we run the models on NGC 1977, RCW 120, and RCW 49 using the [C ii ] 158 μ m mapping observations from the SOFIA telescope. We find that the models identified six, four, and five velocity coherent physical structures in NGC 1977, RCW 120, and RCW 49, respectively, which are validated by analyzing the observed spectra toward these structures and by comparison to earlier findings. In this work we demonstrate that GMM is a powerful tool that can better automate the process of spatial and spectral analysis to interpret mapping observations. Physics ; Mixture model ; Galaxy ; Gaussian process ; Unsupervised learning ; Astrophysics ; Set (abstract data type) ; Gaussian ; Interstellar medium ; Spectral line ; Data set ; Telescope ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Statistical physics ; Artificial intelligence ; Astronomy ; Computer science Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Authors: Anthony Ferté | Axel Houssin | Nina Albouy | Isabella C. D. Merritt | Morgane Vacher
Source: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

ESIPT in the pyrrol pyridine molecule: mechanism, timescale and yield revealed using dynamics simulations Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer in pyrrol pyridine is theoretically investigated using non-adiabatic dynamics simulations. The photochemical process is completely characterised: the reaction time, the total yield and the accessibility of the conical intersection are evaluated. Finally, new mechanistic interpretation are extracted: the proton transfer reaction in this molecule is shown to be driven by two complementary mechanisms. Conical intersection ; Intramolecular force ; Pyridine ; Yield (engineering) ; Molecule ; Proton ; Chemistry ; Computational chemistry ; Adiabatic process ; Excited state ; Molecular dynamics ; Chemical physics ; Photochemistry ; Stereochemistry ; Atomic physics ; Thermodynamics ; Physics ; Organic chemistry Photochemistry and Electron Transfer Studies ; Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies ; Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Authors: Ling Chen | Li Yao | Jinhuan Zhang | Shuanghong Li | Lizhao Huang | Lifang Tang | Min Wu | Li Zhu | Tao Li | Zisan Zeng
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2023-03-31)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Combining amide proton transfer-weighted and arterial spin labeling imaging to differentiate solitary brain metastases from glioblastomas Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of amide proton transfer-weighted imaging (APTw) and arterial spin labeling (ASL) in differentiating solitary brain metastases (SBMs) from glioblastomas (GBMs). All patients underwent conventional MRI, APTw, and ASL scans on a 3.0 T MRI system. The mean APTw value and mean cerebral blood flow (CBF) value were measured. The differences in various parameters between GBMs and SBMs were assessed using the independent-samples t test. The quantitative performance of these MRI parameters in distinguishing between GBMs and SBMs was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Our results showed that GBMs exhibited significantly higher APTw and CBF values in peritumoral regions compared with SBMs (P&lt;0.05). There was no significant difference between SBMs and GBMs in tumor cores. APTw MRI had a higher diagnostic efficiency in differentiating SBMs from GBMs (AUC: 0.864; 75.0% sensitivity and 81.8% specificity). Combined use of APTw and CBF value increased the AUC to 0.927. In conclusion, APTw may be superior to ASL for distinguishing between SBMs and GBMs. Combination of APTw and ASL showed better discrimination and a superior diagnostic performance. Arterial spin labeling ; Medicine ; Receiver operating characteristic ; Cerebral blood flow ; Pathology ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Nuclear medicine ; Radiology ; Internal medicine Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes ; Magnetism in coordination complexes ; Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
Authors: Andreas W. Momber | Daniel Langenkämper | Torben Möller | Tim W. Nattkemper
Source: Stahlbau (article, 2023-01-10)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Eine Online‐Plattform für die Verarbeitung digitaler visueller Daten zur Zustandsbeschreibung von Beschichtungssystemen an maritimen Stahlbauten Abstract Es wird eine Online‐Plattform für die Annotation und Verwaltung von visuellen digitalen Daten vorgestellt, die es erstmalig erlaubt, Zustandsbewertung und Instandsetzungsmodellierung von Beschichtungssystemen an maritimen Stahlbauwerken ausschließlich und durchgängig auf der Basis digitaler Bilddaten vorzunehmen. Es wird ein 10‐Schritte‐Verfahren eingeführt, das die Gewinnung der Daten, ihre Übertragung in die Online‐Plattform, die Annotation und Bearbeitung der Daten mittels spezieller Werkzeuge und Methoden, die Modellierung und die Zustandsbewertung umfasst. Anhand von Beispielen werden einige spezielle Anwendungen der Plattform erläutert. Computer science Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition ; Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis ; Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses
Authors: Philip R. Baldwin
Source: Journal of Structural Biology X (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Transformations between rotational and translational invariants formulated in reciprocal spaces Correlation functions play an important role in the theoretical underpinnings of many disparate areas of the physical sciences: in particular, scattering theory. More recently, they have become useful in the classification of objects in areas such as computer vision and our area of cryoEM. Our primary classification scheme in the cryoEM image processing system, EMAN2, is now based on third order invariants formulated in Fourier space. This allows a factor of 8 speed up in the two classification procedures inherent in our software pipeline, because it allows for classification without the need for computationally costly alignment procedures. In this work, we address several formal and practical aspects of such multispectral invariants. We show that we can formulate such invariants in the representation in which the original signal is most compact. We explicitly construct transformations between invariants in different orientations for arbitrary order of correlation functions and dimension. We demonstrate that third order invariants distinguish 2D mirrored patterns (unlike the radial power spectrum), which is a fundamental aspects of its classification efficacy. We show the limitations of 3rd order invariants also, by giving an example of a wide family of patterns with identical (vanishing) set of 3rd order invariants. For sufficiently rich patterns, the third order invariants should distinguish typical images, textures and patterns. Computer science ; Representation (politics) ; Dimension (graph theory) ; Theoretical computer science ; Set (abstract data type) ; Reciprocal ; Construct (python library) ; Space (punctuation) ; Mathematics ; Artificial intelligence ; Algorithm ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Pure mathematics Enzyme Structure and Function ; Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications ; Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
Authors: S. Sivaranjani | V. Geethalakshmi | S Pazhanivelan | John Kennedy | S. Ramanathan
Source: Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal (article, 2023-07-11)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Study on Hyperspectral Reflectance of Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) Infestation in Rice Background: Pest management plays crucial role in yield prediction in all crops. In Rice, Brown Planthopper (BPH) plays major role in yield reduction. Pest forewarning in agriculture is the important tool and popularly used in various countries to avoid huge fertilizer and pesticide application. In this regard, Hyperspectral remote sensing gives various information about the spectral characteristics of BPH infected plants. Methods: Investigations were carried out to assess the damage of BPH infestation at the field level using a portable Hyper spectral radiometer. The farmers field at the BPH prone area of Kuttalam block, Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu was chosen to analyze the spectral reflectance of BPH -infected and uninfected plants and derive certain vegetation indices for accurate forewarning. The specific spectral bands from visible to infra-red (445 nm, 550 nm, 670 nm, 760 nm, 800 nm) were utilized to detect of BPH-infested plants over the field area. Result: Among various vegetation indices, the index MCARI (Modified Chlorophyll Absorption Reflectance Index) was performed well with high accuracy from early to late infestation at the field level and considered as the most effective tool in Precision Agriculture. As a result, The specific indices were analysed over BPH infected area to prevent greater spreading of pest damage and to minimize pesticides in the field. Brown planthopper ; Infestation ; Remote sensing ; PEST analysis ; Hyperspectral imaging ; Environmental science ; Vegetation Index ; Vegetation (pathology) ; Reflectivity ; Paddy field ; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ; Radiometer ; Agronomy ; Toxicology ; Leaf area index ; Biology ; Horticulture ; Geography ; Medicine ; Optics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
Authors: Francisco J. Montero | Ravita Lamba | Sarveshwar Singh | Wolfram Jahn | Wei‐Hsin Chen
Source: Frontiers in Energy Research (article, 2023-09-07)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Energy and exergy analysis of a bidirectional solar thermoelectric generator combining thermal energy storage In this paper, energy and exergy analysis of a bidirectional solar thermoelectric generator (STEG) coupled to a latent heat storage and cooling system (LHSCS) has been carried out. The effect of various parameters of LHSCS on energy and exergy efficiencies of STEG have been analysed under climatic conditions of Chile’s Atacama Desert. It is found that the most relevant design parameter to improve the energy and exergy efficiencies of the thermoelectric generator (TEG) is the container insulation, followed by heat sink at the TEG hot side, fin thickness and the aspect ratio of the container. The results showed that an optimally designed insulation container can improve the energy and exergy efficiencies of LHSCS by 30% and 200%, respectively, and the TEG conversion efficiency by 30% during nighttime. Further, inclusion of heat sink at TEG hot side during reverse operation of TEG at night can improve the TEG efficiency by 20%. The optimal fin thickness can improve the TEG conversion efficiency by 20% during the night and LHSCS energy and exergy efficiencies by 30% and 23%, respectively. The container geometry should have higher aspect ratios. This study may help in optimal design of LHSCS for solar energy conversion applications in the desert locations. Exergy ; Exergy efficiency ; Thermoelectric generator ; Nuclear engineering ; Environmental science ; Heat sink ; Solar energy ; Thermal energy storage ; Materials science ; Energy storage ; Thermoelectric effect ; Process engineering ; Mechanical engineering ; Thermodynamics ; Electrical engineering ; Engineering ; Physics ; Power (physics) Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices ; Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies
Authors: Tobias Jumel | Andrej Shevchenko
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2023-08-29)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Multi-species benchmark analysis for LC-MS/MS validation and performance evaluation in bottom-up proteomics ABSTRACT We present an instrument-independent benchmarking procedure and software (LFQ_bout) for validation and comparative evaluation of the performance of LC-MS/MS and data processing workflows in bottom-up proteomics. It enables back-to-back comparison of common and emerging workflows, e.g. diaPASEF or ScanningSWATH, and evaluates the impact of arbitrary, inadequately documented settings or black-box data processing algorithms. The procedure enhances the overall performance and quantitative accuracy while enabling the detection of major error types. Benchmarking ; Benchmark (surveying) ; Workflow ; Computer science ; Software ; Black box ; Data mining ; Artificial intelligence ; Database Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Advanced Biosensing Techniques and Applications