Authors: Imtiyaz Barkatali Surani
Source: International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) (article, 2025-07-10)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Transformer Condition Monitoring and Digitally Enabled Lifecycle Management: A Utility-Based Perspective Power transformers are key components in electrical network (Generation, Transmission and Distribution). Failure of power transformers can cause outages, costly repairs, and significant economic and time losses. Moreover, the interconnected grid sub-station suffers the challenges of handling the increased power demand complexity aiming towards the system agility & reliability. Hence, it is worth detecting incipient insulation defects inside the transformers at the earliest possible stage and then taking appropriate potential remedial action to avert a more serious failure. Power transformers are critical to power systems, and their unexpected failure can lead to costly outages. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of online transformer condition monitoring techniques and their integration with digital technologies across the transformer lifecycle. By examining electrical, thermal, mechanical, and chemical diagnostic tools, including Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA), partial discharge detection, and vibration analysis, this study highlights how artificial intelligence, and smart sensors can enhance fault prediction and maintenance efficiency. Furthermore, the paper discusses digital system architecture, including analog-to-digital conversion and SCADA integration, offering a utility-based perspective on implementing proactive maintenance strategies. These insights underscore the transformative potential of digital monitoring systems in reducing operational risk and extending transformer life. This is possible by using the latest state of the art technologies, various technical tools and industry leading innovative practices. The electrical system is going through a fundamental transition as the utilities shift from conventional analog methods to digitization. To effectively monitor transformer assets, we need to monitor parameters by using modern intelligent sensors to which we have access. These parameters can then be converted into a probability of failure through the use of a digital transformer engineering model based on IEEE and IEC standards. This type of transformer embedded with digital sensors and supported by intelligent network is termed as ?SMART TRANSFORMER?. Smart transformers are becoming an integral part of the new electricity grid, which provides all the digital inputs & control parameters at the SCADA (Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition) system through HMI (Human Machine Interface) screen for pro-active action towards proper regulation of voltage and other important parameters. The use of these transformers is gaining popularity both at the transmission and distribution level. These transformers are equipped with intelligent electronic devices, smart monitoring and automated diagnostics features. Application lifecycle management ; Perspective (graphical) ; Condition monitoring ; Computer science ; Transformer ; Systems engineering ; Engineering ; Artificial intelligence ; Electrical engineering ; Programming language ; Software High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation ; Non-Destructive Testing Techniques