jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Robert M. Forrest | Emanuel A. Lazar | Saurav Goel | Jonathan J. Bean
Source: Nanofabrication (article, 2022-12-05)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Quantifying the differences in properties between polycrystals containing planar and curved grain boundaries There are several methods in which grain boundaries can be made for modelling, but most produce planar (flat) grains. In this study, we investigated the difference in materials properties between polycrystalline systems comprised of planar grain and curved grain boundaries. Several structural and mechanical properties for both systems were determined. For systems with curved grain boundaries, it was found that the elastic moduli are all larger in magnitude, the excess volumes are comparable, and the plastic properties are smaller. In addition, a grain tracking algorithm was used to determine the differences in the numbers of triple junctions detected between polycrystalline systems with planar and curved grain boundaries. This can be theoretically determined and compared to a simple model system. We find that planar systems of grain boundaries possess significantly more triple junctions than systems of curved grain boundaries by a factor of two. There are also systematic differences between the two types of a system when they undergo grain growth, when there is an anomalous close-packed hexagonal phase which grows in the system of planar grain boundaries. Grain boundary ; Planar ; Crystallite ; Materials science ; Grain boundary strengthening ; Triple junction ; Grain size ; Condensed matter physics ; Geometry ; Crystallography ; Composite material ; Microstructure ; Mathematics ; Metallurgy ; Physics ; Chemistry ; Optoelectronics Microstructure and mechanical properties ; Metal Forming Simulation Techniques ; Adhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions
Authors: Sijia Zhu
Source: Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research/Advances in social science, education and humanities research (article, 2022-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

Study on Smart Materials Using in Civil Engineering Smart materials as the golden key to the development of the 21st century smart materials have been in many fields to the application and application of ideas. This paper firstly introduces the characteristics of the types of smart materials, and then elaborates on the application scenarios of smart materials through the introduction of common smart materials such as optical fibers, shape memory alloys and piezoelectric materials, and points out the current problems in the field, comparing smart materials and intelligent materials. In conclusion, the future of smart materials is to become more intelligent, which means adding the use of self-controlling. Overcoming all odds, smart materials will play a powerful role in the 21st century. Computer science ; Construction engineering ; Engineering Material Properties and Applications
Authors: Javier Coronel Gaviro | Virginia Yagüe-Jiménez | J.L. Blanco-Murillo
Source: Ingeniería e Investigación (article, 2022-11-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Radiofrequency Absorbance as a Novel Concentration Indicator in Sucrose Aqueous Solutions Microwave-based methods have been used for years to monitor processes, tests, and substance mixtures. Solutions must preserve sample integrity and avoid time-consuming procedures to scale inline industrial applications and promote on-field tests. Today, testing procedures use portable, cost-effective devices operating on wide frequency ranges to perform low-power, wide-band microwave dielectric spectroscopy. This paper describes a proof of concept using SDR technology to match all these requirements. A prototype was tested for measuring sucrose-in-water solutions at different concentrations, which resulted in a novel concentration indicator based on radiofrequency absorbance. This application is critical for in-line monitoring and on-field testing in the food and beverage industries. The proposed method delivered robust, replicable, and reliable results. High levels of significance (&gt; 99%) were achieved in statistical tests in the frequency range of 4 125 to 4 410 MHz. The indicator was shown to be sensitive to concentrations below those reported in the literature and could be easily integrated into non-destructive early chemical evaluation for food quality and production monitoring or into on-field testing devices, to name some applications. Absorbance ; Process engineering ; Microwave ; Computer science ; Reliability engineering ; Materials science ; Chemistry ; Engineering ; Chromatography ; Telecommunications Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies ; Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques
Authors: Weijie Zhao
Source: National Science Review (article, 2022-11-25)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

How to encourage students in learning chemistry? Chemistry is a basis for almost all science and engineering disciplines, and needs to be well mastered by both researchers and students. But in the eyes of many Chinese students and their parents, chemistry is not an initial choice because first, it seems to be less important than mathematics and physics, and second, chemistry-majored students usually cannot get high salaries after graduation, and may encounter safety risks when conducting chemical experiments. How can we encourage students in learning chemistry? How can we improve higher chemistry education so that students can truly grasp the basic chemical principles, increase their chemical skills and apply the learnt knowledge in their future careers? Here in this panel discussion, six experts in higher chemistry education try to give their observations and opinions on these issues. Yadong Li President at Anhui Normal University; inorganic chemist. Yan Li Professor at College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University. Jian Pei Professor at College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University. Zhenfeng Xi Professor at College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University. Song Gao (Chair) President at Sun Yat-sen University; inorganic chemist. Lan-Sun Zheng (Chair) Professor at College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University. Chemist ; Graduation (instrument) ; Chemistry ; Chemistry education ; Mathematics education ; Organic chemistry ; Engineering ; Psychology ; Philosophy ; Mechanical engineering ; Quality (philosophy) ; Epistemology Various Chemistry Research Topics
Authors: Cleo Parisi | Bénédicte Thiébot | Gervaise Mosser | Léa Trichet | Philippe Manivet | Francisco M. Fernandes
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2022-03-14)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Porous yet Dense matrices: using ice to shape collagen 3D cell culture systems with increased physiological relevance ABSTRACT Standard in vitro cell culture is one of the pillars of biomedical science. However, there is increasing evidence that 2D systems provide biological responses that are often in disagreement with in vivo observations, partially due to limitations in reproducing the native cellular microenvironment. 3D materials that are able to mimic the native cellular microenvironment to a greater extent tackle these limitations. Here, we report Porous yet Dense (PyD) type I collagen materials obtained by ice-templating followed by topotactic fibrillogenesis. These materials combine extensive macroporosity, favouring the cell migration and nutrients exchange, as well as dense collagen walls, which mimic locally the Extracellular Matrix. When seeded with Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts (NHDFs), PyD matrices allow for a faster and more extensive colonisation when compared with equivalent Non-Porous matrices. The textural properties of the PyD materials also impact cytoskeletal and nuclear 3D morphometric parameters. Due to the effectiveness in creating a biomimetic 3D environment for NHDFs and the ability to promote cell culture for more than 28 days without subculture, we anticipate that PyD materials could configure an important step towards in vitro systems applicable to other cell types and with higher physiological relevance. Extracellular matrix ; Cell biology ; Cell ; Cytoskeleton ; In vitro ; In vivo ; Cell culture ; Matrix (chemical analysis) ; Chemistry ; Biophysics ; Nanotechnology ; Materials science ; Biology ; Biochemistry ; Biotechnology ; Composite material Collagen: Extraction and Characterization ; 3D Printing in Biomedical Research ; Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
Authors: Ikechukwu Iloh Udema
Source: Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports (article, 2022-12-27)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Calculation of the Radius for Any Atom Based on the Planck Constant-free Equation, Mathematical Complexity, and Atomism Concern has been expressed against the new theories, Heisenberg uncertainty principle (HUP) and Schrödinger wave/quantum mechanics (SE) that are purported to have replaced Bohr’s theory and equation. The research was undertaken with the following objectives: 1) to review concerns about atomism; 2) appraise the issues of mathematical complexities in HUP and SE; 3) review criticism against SE and HUP; 4) most importantly derive a Planck constant invariant equation for the calculation of any atomic radii; and 5) re-calculate the radii of selected elements chosen for their biological importance. The theoretical research with calculations, showed that the opposing theories are criticised because, they are obsessed with mathematical complexities with ambiguities without common ground that should usher alternative solution to the problem of the size of atom and thus, they cannot be considered as a valid description of reality. Bohr’s equation and variants of it and the Planck constant invariant equation (Eq. (15)) derived in this research are regarded as deterministic in nature and were capable of reproducing Bohr’s radii for any atom; the radii were also capable of reproducing the average ionisation energies of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, chosen for illustration only, when substituted into derived preliminary equation (Eq. (10)). Bohr model ; Planck length ; Planck ; Bohr radius ; Quantum mechanics ; Physics ; Planck constant ; Hydrogen atom ; Semiclassical physics ; Constant (computer programming) ; Atomism ; Theoretical physics ; Mathematical physics ; Classical mechanics ; Quantum ; Electron ; Quantum gravity ; Group (periodic table) ; Planck scale History and advancements in chemistry
Authors: Eylül Büşra TAPANYİĞİT | Koray Pektaş | Mehmet Özdemir | Onur Balcı
Source: Tekstil ve Mühendis (article, 2022-09-30)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Farklı Dokusuz Yüzeyler Üzerinde Çözelti Üfleme Eğirme Tekniği ile Poliamid 6.6 Esaslı Nano Lif Eldesi ve Araç Kabin Filtreleri için Uygunluğunun Araştırılması Z: alma kapsamnda, kabin filtrelerinde youn bir ekilde kullanlan 100 g/m 2 spunbond filtre yzeyine alternatif filtre yzeylerinin gelitirilmesi amalanmtr. Bu amala ilk olarak ticari olarak kullanm olan filtre yzeyine alternatif olarak, farkl gramajlarda, tekniklerle (Spunbond, meltblown, airlaid) ve polimerler (Polipropilen, Polyester) ile elde edilen dokusuz yzeylere performans testleri gerekletirilerek karlatrma ve kullanm olanaklar incelenmitir. Daha sonra, yeni bir nanolif retim yntemi olan zelti fleme eirme teknii (SBS) kullanlarak hem ticari hem de alternatif dokusuz yzey zerine poliamid 6.6 (PA 6.6) nanolifleri aktarlm ve kompozit (katmanl) filtre yzeyleri elde edilmitir. Elde edilen yeni yzeyler de ticari ve alternatif filtre yzeyleri ile performans bakmndan karlatrlmtr. Elde edilen sonular incelendiinde, farkl dokusuz yzey teknikleri ile elde edilen ve farkl gramajlara sahip olan dokusuz yzeylerin hava geirgenlik deerlerinin 603-4271lt/msn arasnda olduu, gzenek aplarnn ise 7-231 m arasnda deikenlik gsterdii grlmtr. Ayn zamanda en dk gzeneklilik aplarna ise meltblown yzeylerin 7m sahip olduu grlmtr. zelti fleme tekniiyle Poliamid 6.6 aktarlan katmanl yzeylerin hava geirgenlik ve gzenek aplar incelendiinde ise, farkl dokusuz yzeylerin PA 6.6 nano lifler ile kaplanmas sonrasnda hava geirgenlik deerlerinin 114 lt/msn' ye kadar ve gzenek aplarnn ise 5m' a kadar dt tespit edilmitir. Elde edilen bu sonulara gre ticari filtre yzeyine alternatif farkl yzeylerin kullanlabilecei gibi, etkin bir Art High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Aerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation ; Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications
Authors: Hiroshi Sekiguchi | Noboru Ohta | Hideaki Ishibashi | Hideitsu Hino | Masaichiro Mizumaki
Source: Science and Technology of Advanced Materials Methods (article, 2022-10-26)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

End-condition for solution small angle X-ray scattering measurements by kernel density estimation We develop a method for calculating the minimum X-ray exposure time for X-ray solution scattering experiments using statistical and mathematical approaches to enhance the measurement efficiency while maintaining data quality. Experts can determine the X-ray exposure time for samples by investigating time-series data of scattering profiles and considering the quality of scattering profiles and the samples’ X-ray damage. In this study, we apply a statistical inequality to estimate the kernel density estimation method’s error to determine the minimum X-ray exposure time for protein solution scattering experiments and evaluate the method’s validity using the results of Guinier analysis as an indicator. Scattering ; Kernel (algebra) ; Small-angle X-ray scattering ; Kernel density estimation ; Density estimation ; Series (stratigraphy) ; Mathematics ; Computational physics ; Optics ; Statistics ; Algorithm ; Physics Enzyme Structure and Function ; Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications ; X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis
Authors: Chanchira Channoy | Somchai Maneewan | Chantana Punlek
Source: International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems/International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (article, 2022-07-21)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Thermodynamic analysis of a thermoelectric air conditioner This paper discusses the results of tests done to investigate the performance of a thermoelectric air conditioner (TEAC). The TEAC is composed of twelve thermoelectric modules (TEMs). The TEMs were fixed to rectangular fin heat sinks on both their hot and cold sides. With an increased input&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;voltage, the cooling capacity increased. At a 6 V input voltage flow, a suitable condition occurred. The rate of hot air flow was 0.48 kg/min, and the cooling capacity was 157.0 W, resulting in an outlet&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;air temperature of 28 &lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C. The coefficient of performance (COP) was calculated and found to be 0.92. Exergy analysis is used to determine the energy flows and second law efficiencies of a TEMs system and its components. The exergy destruction and second law efficiency were observed to increase when the TEAC's input&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;voltage was increased. The TEAC's maximum exergy efficiency was 0.35, which was low compared to the coefficient of performance. Exergy ; Coefficient of performance ; Air conditioning ; Thermoelectric effect ; Voltage ; Cooling capacity ; Thermodynamics ; Thermoelectric cooling ; Volumetric flow rate ; Exergy efficiency ; Physics ; Heat flow ; Materials science ; Environmental science ; Mechanics ; Heat pump ; Heat exchanger ; Thermal Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices ; Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies ; Heat Transfer and Optimization
Authors: Moses Oluwafemi Onibonoje | Adedayo Olukayode Ojo
Source: International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems/International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (article, 2022-03-14)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

A multipart distributed modelling approach for an automated protection system in open-air cloth drying &lt;span&gt;There are different methods of drying wet clothes, but drying with direct sunlight is considered the best suited for the preservation of the quality and usability of the cloths. However, sudden rainfall during the drying period constitutes a major drawback of the method. This returns the cloths to a drenched state as it is practically impossible to watch the clothes dry off after washing. This paper has proposed a model for an automated system for controlled open-air fabric drying by detecting the rain and moisture status of the cloths in real-time, and capable of shielding them to safety from the rainfall and excess sun. The modelled part considers the sensing model, drying model, control model, and their validation. The implementation and evaluation stage relates the result of the validated results to the developed prototypes. The simulated results in the sensing unit indicate above 87.5% agreements with the analytical results, and the controller simulated result provides a relatively small overshoot and faster dynamic response. Manufacturers of hanger systems for cloth drying have a basis for the design and implementation of their products in the paper.&lt;/span&gt; Overshoot (microwave communication) ; Environmental science ; Computer science ; Span (engineering) ; Usability ; Moisture ; Clothing ; Process engineering ; Simulation ; Meteorology ; Engineering ; Civil engineering ; Telecommunications Textile materials and evaluations
Authors: Teeradon Phlairaharn | Benjamin Furtwängler | Nil Üresin | Samuel Grégoire | Romain Huguet | Daniel López‐Ferrer | Vlad Zabrouskov | Bo Porse | Erwin M. Schoof
Source: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics (article, 2022-08-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Ultra-high sensitivity proteomics for precision oncology Precision oncology ; Proteomics ; Sensitivity (control systems) ; Computational biology ; Oncology ; Medicine ; Chemistry ; Internal medicine ; Biology ; Cancer ; Engineering Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Advanced Biosensing Techniques and Applications ; Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
Authors: Dwight R. Stoll | Gudrun Kainz | Tina A. Dahlseid | Trevor Kempen | Tyler Brau | Bob W.J. Pirok
Source: ChemRxiv (preprint, 2022-07-11)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

An Approach to High Throughput Measurement of Accurate Retention Data in Liquid Chromatography Efforts to model and simulate various aspects of liquid chromatography (LC) separations (e.g., retention, selectivity, peak capacity, injection breakthrough) depend on experimental retention measurements to use as the basis for the models and simulations. Often these modeling and simulation efforts are limited by datasets that are too small because of the cost (time and money) associated with making the measurements. Other groups have demonstrated improvements in throughput of LC separations by focusing on “overhead” associated with the instrument itself – for example, between-analysis software processing time, and autosampler motions. In this paper we explore the possibility of using columns with small volumes (i.e., 5 mm x 2.1 mm i.d.) compared to conventional columns (e.g., 100 mm x 2.1 mm i.d.) that are typically used for retention measurements. We find that isocratic retention factors calculated for columns with these dimensions are different by about 20%; we attribute this difference – which we interpret as an error in measurements based on data from the 5 mm column – to extra-column volume associated with inlet and outlet frits. Since retention factor is a thermodynamic property of the mobile/stationary phase system under study, it should be independent of the dimensions of the column that is used for the measurement. We propose using ratios of retention factors (i.e., selectivities) to translate retention measurements between columns of different dimensions, so that measurements made using small columns can be used to make predictions for separations that involve conventional columns. We find that this approach reduces the difference in retention factors (5 mm compared to 100 mm columns) from an average of 18% to an average absolute difference of 1.7% (all errors less than 8%). This approach will significantly increase the rate at which high quality retention data can be collected to thousands of measurements per instrument per day, which in turn will likely have a profound impact on the quality of models and simulations that can be developed for many aspects of LC separations. Column (typography) ; Throughput ; Inlet ; Overhead (engineering) ; Chromatography ; Data retention ; Chemistry ; Volume (thermodynamics) ; Retention time ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Computer science ; Materials science ; Physics ; Engineering ; Thermodynamics ; Optoelectronics Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography ; Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation ; Chromatography in Natural Products
Authors: Sanjar M. Abrarov | Rehan Siddiqui | Rajinder Kumar Jagpal | Brendan M. Quine
Source: Preprints.org (preprint, 2022-08-24)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

A Two-Domain MATLAB Implementation for Efficient Computation of the Voigt/Complex Error Function In this work we develop a new algorithm for efficient computation of the Voigt/complex error function. In particular, in this approach we propose a two-domain scheme where number of the grid-points is dependent on the input parameter $y$. The error analysis we performed shows that the MATLAB implementation meets the requirements for radiative transfer applications involving the HITRAN spectroscopic database. The run-time test shows that this MATLAB implementation provides rapid computation especially at smaller range of the parameter x. MATLAB ; Computation ; HITRAN ; Computer science ; Grid ; Algorithm ; Computational science ; Domain (mathematical analysis) ; Transfer function ; Function (biology) ; Voigt profile ; Mathematics ; Physics ; Programming language ; Engineering ; Geometry Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics ; Atmospheric Ozone and Climate