jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Peter A Bryant | M. Lips | R. J. Coates | J. Hondros | J. Takala | J. Zic | Koichi Maruyama | Serge Gorlin
Source: Annals of the ICRP (article, 2023-12-24)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Nuclear industry experiences in radiation exposures The 'As Low As Reasonably Achievable' (ALARA) principle is one of the 3 fundamental elements of radiation protection.Noting that ionising radiation is both encountered naturally in the environment as part of everyday life, and artificially as part of a range of practices, the ALARA principle aims to provide a means of optimising radiation exposures.Since the introduction of the principle the nuclear industry has had a good track record of progressively reducing occupational and environmental exposures across the nuclear fuel cycle.However, recent industry feedback has highlighted that as the exposures continue to decline, there is evidence that its application in the purest sense can result in a disproportionate outcome in terms of wider non-radiological hazards, and / or use of resources both physical and human.This is leading to a general push for day-to-day exposures in nuclear power generation to be far lower than other forms of energy generation, sectors such as medical or minerals refinement, or compared to exposures we get from natural sources of radioactivity.This is at great cost for what is a negligible improvement in public protection.With the ongoing concerns of climate change, many countries have made a commitment to embrace low carbon energy systems.In support of this ambition new nuclear power has been identified as a key part of the energy mix, highlighting the need to further develop the ALARA concept, to ensure a fair treatment of the perceived 'unique' radiological risk of nuclear power.This paper explores feedback from industry in relation to optimising radiation exposures in the Nuclear Industry.This includes the need for the evolution of the ALARA principle to ensure it embeds 'ALL Hazards', ensures a sustainable outcome, and is informed by stakeholder engagement, along with the need for a graded approach to radiological protection, to ensure that improvement plans are based on clearly defined-value benefits based on judgements of reasonableness, and not in response to external pressures to 'minimise exposure'.Feedback also highlighted the need to ensure we continue to tackle the Radiation Protection 'Skills Gap' and have sufficient skilled resources to meet the current and future needs of the industry in the context of climate change. Nuclear industry ; Business ; Radiation ; Radiation exposure ; Nuclear engineering ; Medicine ; Engineering ; Nuclear medicine ; Physics ; Nuclear physics Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies ; Nuclear and radioactivity studies
Authors: Jingaowa Hu | Yang Liu | Shangnan Zhao | Lingjie Wang | Haokun Ye | Jianping Zhang | Xin Zhang
Source: Optics and Photonics Journal (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Characteristic Analysis of Off-Axis Meta-Lens Meta-lens are a new type of planar optical element that can flexibly manipulate the phase, polarization and amplitude of the beam, and are currently receiving a great deal of attention as they are easier to process and manufacture. Off-axis meta-lens are a special type of meta-lens with a certain degree of dispersion that can be used as a beam-splitting element, providing a unique and feasible way to realize micro-miniature instruments. We analyze the effects of different numerical apertures and off-axis angles on the spectral resolution, focusing efficiency and simulation results of off-axis meta-lens to provide ideas for subsequent research and application of off-axis meta-lens. A number of off-axis meta-lens with parameters NA = 0.408 α = 13°, NA = 0.18 α = 13° and NA = 0.408 α = 20° were simulated through Lumerical software. The results show that the off-axis angle is related to the resolution; the larger the angle, the better the spectral resolution but the lower the focusing efficiency; when the numerical aperture is smaller, the smaller the coverage of the phase distribution, which will lead to a larger deviation between simulation and theory. The designer needs to balance the numerical aperture, off-axis angle and other parameters reasonably according to the requirements in order to achieve the desired effect. The findings of this study have important reference values for the theoretical analysis of off-axis meta-lens and the design of parameters in practical applications. Lens (geology) ; Optical axis ; Optics ; Numerical aperture ; Computer science ; Aperture (computer memory) ; Planar ; Resolution (logic) ; Amplitude ; Beam (structure) ; Physics ; Wavelength ; Acoustics ; Artificial intelligence Optical Coatings and Gratings ; Advanced optical system design ; Photonic Crystals and Applications
Authors: Maciej Chojowski | M. Baszyński | Aleksander Dziadecki | Roman Dudek | Andrzej Stobiecki
Source: IEEE Access (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Time Domain Analysis for Measuring Core Losses in Inductive Elements for Power Electronics: An Investigation Study The article proposes a method to measure core losses in magnetic elements for medium-frequency power electronics circuits working in conditions close to those in many real industrial circuits: supplied with square-wave voltage and working in linear magnetic region. The article presents analytical considerations regarding the proposed method. The proposed method allows determining core losses in power inductor with only voltage and current measurement - no additional EMF-measuring winding is needed. The method is based on the inductor model, which allows determining losses in the core, while at the same time enables obtaining a time-domain response consistent with rectangular voltage excitation measurements. The method was tested using the real industrial inductor with a copper litz winding and low-loss core (e.g. nanocrystalline core) at various operating points. Inductor ; Magnetic core ; Power electronics ; Voltage ; Electronic circuit ; Electrical engineering ; Electromagnetic coil ; Electronics ; Time domain ; Core (optical fiber) ; Computer science ; Power (physics) ; Electronic engineering ; Engineering ; Physics ; Telecommunications Magnetic Properties and Applications ; Induction Heating and Inverter Technology ; Magnetic Field Sensors Techniques
Authors: Samet Kanca | Tuncay Özcan | Yakup Çelikbilek
Source: The Journal of International Scientific Researches (article, 2023-10-27)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Bir Tekstil Perakendecisinin Müşterileri İçin RFM Modeli ile Müşteri Segmentasyonu Günümüzde teknolojinin gelişimi ile birçok sektörde olduğu gibi perakende sektöründe de gelişim ve dijital dönüşüm yaşanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, teknolojinin hızla geliştiği ve veri biliminin her sektörde önem kazandığı bir dönemde, perakende sektöründe müşteri segmentasyonunun önemini vurgulamaktadır. Özellikle tekstil perakendeciliği alanında, müşteri satın alma davranışlarının doğru bir şekilde analiz edilmesi ve segmente edilmesi, işletmelerin müşteri ilişkilerini yönetme ve pazarlama stratejilerini belirleme süreçlerinde kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışma, bir tekstil perakendecisinin maskelenmiş verilerini kullanarak, RFM (Recency, Frequency, Monetary) modeli ile müşteri segmentasyonu yapmayı hedeflemektedir. Veriler, ön işleme tabi tutulmuş ve RFM değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Ardından, K-means ve Fuzzy C-means algoritmaları kullanılarak müşteri kümeleri oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan bu kümelerin sonuçları değerlendirilmiş ve müşteri gruplarına yönelik yorumlar yapmak için kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, müşteri segmentasyonunun, perakende sektöründe müşteri davranışlarını anlamak, müşteri ilişkilerini yönetmek ve etkili pazarlama stratejileri geliştirmek için ne kadar önemli olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, perakende sektöründeki işletmelerin, müşteri verilerini etkin bir şekilde kullanarak, müşteri memnuniyetini artırmak ve işletme performansını iyileştirmek için nasıl stratejiler geliştirebileceğine dair değerli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Business Textile materials and evaluations
Authors: Yeeren I. Low
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-12-04)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Second- and third-order properties of multidimensional Langevin equations Recent work has addressed the problem of inferring Langevin dynamics from data. In this work, we address the problem of relating terms in the Langevin equation to statistical properties, such as moments of the probability density function and of the probability current density, as well as covariance functions. We first review the case of linear Gaussian dynamics, and then consider extensions beyond this simple case. We address the question of quantitative significance of effects. We also analyze underdamped (second-order) processes, specifically in the limit where dynamics in state space is almost Markovian. Finally, we address detection of non-Markovianity. Langevin dynamics ; Statistical physics ; Langevin equation ; Gaussian ; Probability density function ; Limit (mathematics) ; Covariance ; Applied mathematics ; Gaussian process ; Brownian dynamics ; Brillouin and Langevin functions ; Mathematics ; Physics ; Mathematical analysis ; Brownian motion ; Quantum mechanics ; Statistics Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Fractal and DNA sequence analysis
Authors: Ineke Malsch | Panagiotis Isigonis | Evert A. Bouman | Antreas Afantitis | Georgia Melagraki | Mária Dušinská
Source: Open Research Europe (article, 2023-10-10)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Testing ethical impact assessment for nano risk governance Risk governance of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies is traditionally mainly limited to risk assessment, risk management and life cycle assessment. Recent approaches have experimented with widening the scope and including economic, social, and ethical aspects. This paper reports on tests and stakeholder feedback on the use of ethical impact assessment guidelines and tools adapting CEN Workshop Agreement part 2 CWA 17145-2:2017 (E)) to support risk governance of nanomaterials, in the RiskGONE project. Scope (computer science) ; Risk governance ; Risk assessment ; Corporate governance ; Stakeholder ; Risk management ; Risk analysis (engineering) ; Business ; Engineering ethics ; Political science ; Engineering ; Computer science ; Public relations ; Computer security Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; Recycling and Waste Management Techniques ; Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Authors: Yuxing Zhou | Stephen R. Elliott | Volker L. Deringer
Source: Angewandte Chemie (article, 2023-03-14)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Struktur und Bindung im amorphen roten Phosphor** Abstract Amorpher roter Phosphor (a‐P) stellt eine der verbleibenden Herausforderungen in der Strukturchemie der Elemente dar. In diesem Beitrag klären wir Struktur, Stabilität und chemische Bindung im a‐P auf Grundlage voraussetzungsfreier Rechnungen auf, indem wir maschinelles Lernen und dichtefunktionaltheoretische (DFT‐) Methoden kombinieren. Wir zeigen, dass die Energien von a‐P‐Strukturen leicht höher liegen als jene von Phosphor‐Nanostäben, mit denen sie eng verwandt sind, und dass die Stabilität von a‐P mit dem Grad an struktureller Relaxation und mittelreichweitiger Ordnung verknüpft ist. Wir vervollständigen damit die Stabilitätsreihe der Phosphorallotrope [ Angew. Chem. Int. Ed . 2014 , 53 , 11629], indem wir die bislang unvollständig verstandene amorphe Phase hinzufügen, und wir quantifizieren die kovalenten und van‐der‐Waals‐Wechselwirkungen in allen wichtigen Phasen des Phosphors. Wir untersuchen darüberhinaus die elektronische Zustandsdichte, einschließlich jener des wasserstoffhaltigen a‐P. Über die vorliegende Arbeit hinaus erwarten wir, dass unsere Strukturmodelle weiterführende voraussetzungsfreie Untersuchungen ermöglichen werden – beispielsweise zu a‐P‐basierten Batteriematerialien. Chemistry ; Physics 2D Materials and Applications ; Inorganic Chemistry and Materials ; Perovskite Materials and Applications
Authors: John Holmen | Verónica Melesse Vergara | Erik W. Draeger | Eric Phipps | Philip J. Smith | Martin Berzins | Sean T. Smith | Jeremy N. Thornock | Suzanne Parete-Koon
Source: Practice and Experience in Advanced Research Computing (article, 2023-07-23)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Strengthening the US Department of Energy’s Recruitment Pipeline: The DOE/NNSA Predictive Science Academic Alliance Program (PSAAP) Experience The US Department of Energy (DOE) oversees a system of 17 national laboratories responsible for developing unique scientific capabilities beyond the scope of academic and industrial institutions. These labs strive to keep America at the forefront of discovery and are home to some of the Nation’s best minds and the world’s best scientific and research facilities. Collaborations between national laboratories and academic institutions are critical to develop and recruit talent for the DOE workforce. Academia’s cooperative education model poses challenges for DOE recruitment pipelines centered around traditional internships. This paper discusses a promising DOE recruitment pipeline, the National Nuclear Security Administration’s (NNSA) Predictive Science Academic Alliance Program (PSAAP) initiative. As a part of this, experiences capturing the successes and challenges faced by the University of Utah’s Carbon Capture Multidisciplinary Simulation Center (CCMSC) through their participation in the PSAAP-II initiative are shared. These experiences demonstrate the success of Utah’s PSAAP center as a recruitment pipeline with approximately 43% of CCMSC students going to a national laboratory after graduation. Potential opportunities to strengthen the DOE’s recruitment pipeline are also discussed. Pipeline (software) ; Alliance ; Energy (signal processing) ; Computer science ; Engineering management ; Engineering ; Political science ; Operating system Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies ; Research, Science, and Academia ; Global Energy and Sustainability Research
Authors: Ivan Peleshko | Vitalina Yurchenko | Pavlo Rusyn
Source: Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies (article, 2023-12-21)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Layout and cross-sectional size optimization of truss structures with mixed design variables based on gradient method The object of the study was truss-type rod structures, which were investigated for the purpose of finding the optimal design solution in a mixed (continuous and discrete) space of variables. The parameters of the geometric scheme of the truss, as well as the dimensions of the cross-sections of its elements, were considered as design variables. The stated optimization problem is represented as a nonlinear programming task, in which the objective function and nonlinear constraints of the mathematical model are continuously differentiable functions of the design variables. The system of constraints includes strength and stability inequalities, formulated for the design cross-sections of the rod elements of the structure, which is subject to the effect of the design load combinations of the ultimate limit states. As a part of the system of constraints, the displacement constraints formulated for the specified structural nodes, which is subject to the action of design load combinations of the serviceability limit states, are considered. To solve the stated optimization problem, a method of the objective function gradient on the surface of active constraints was used, with the simultaneous elimination of residuals in the violated restrictions. For design variables, the variation of which must be performed according to a given set of possible discrete values, a discretization procedure for the optimal solution obtained in the continuous space of design variables is proposed. A comparison of the proposed optimization methodology with alternative metaheuristic methods and algorithms reported in the literature was performed. On the considered problem of parametric optimization of a 47-span tower structure, a design solution with a weight of 835,403 kg was obtained, which is 1.53...4.6 % better than the optimal solutions obtained by other authors Mathematical optimization ; Truss ; Mathematics ; Nonlinear programming ; Continuous optimization ; Discretization ; Optimization problem ; Parametric statistics ; Nonlinear system ; Structural engineering ; Engineering Structural mechanics and materials ; Advanced Theoretical and Applied Studies in Material Sciences and Geometry ; Construction Management and Sustainability
Authors: Gáspár Lukács | Erwin Haasnoot
Source: Behavior Research Methods (article, 2023-12-05)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Creating web applications for online psychological experiments: A hands-on technical guide including a template The present tutorial provides a technical overview of how to create web applications for online psychological experiments from scratch via the HTML/CSS/JavaScript framework. This approach allows virtually unlimited flexibility in accomplishing anything in an online experiment that a regular computer (or smartphone, etc.) is capable of. Apart from offering a fast introduction for complete beginners, this tutorial may also serve as a helpful guideline for more experienced programmers and researchers. Connected to the tutorial, a specific implementation is also given via the free and open-source template project at https://github.com/gasparl/expapp , intended to be improved by the community to always follow the latest technological advancements and general good practices. JavaScript ; Computer science ; Flexibility (engineering) ; World Wide Web ; Web application ; Open source ; Multimedia ; Human–computer interaction ; Scratch ; HTML5 ; Software engineering ; Software ; Programming language Various Chemistry Research Topics ; Mental Health Research Topics ; Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes
Authors: Jakob Woessmann | Valdemaras Petrosius | Nil Üresin | David Kotol | Pedro Aragon-Fernandez | Andreas Hober | Ulrich auf dem Keller | Fredrik Edfors | Erwin M. Schoof
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2023-05-26)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Assessing the role of trypsin in quantitative plasma- and single-cell proteomics towards clinical application Abstract Mass spectrometry-based bottom-up proteomics is rapidly evolving and routinely applied in large biomedical studies. Proteases are a central component of every bottom-up proteomics experiment, digesting proteins into peptides. Trypsin has been the most widely applied protease in proteomics, due to its characteristics. With ever-larger cohort sizes and possible future clinical application of mass spectrometry-based proteomics, the technical impact of trypsin becomes increasingly relevant. To assess possible biases introduced by trypsin digestion, we evaluated the impact of eight commercially available trypsins in a variety of bottom-up proteomics experiments, and across a range of protease concentrations and storage times. To investigate the universal impact of these technical attributes, we included bulk HeLa-cell lysate, human plasma and single HEK293 cells, which were analyzed over a range of Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM), Data-Independent Acquisition (DIA), and Data-Dependent Acquisition (DDA) instrument methods on three LC-MS instruments. Quantification methods employed encompassed both label-free approaches and absolute quantification utilizing spike-in heavy-labeled recombinant protein fragment standards. Based on this extensive dataset, we report variations between commercial trypsins, their source, as well as their concentration. Furthermore, we provide suggestions on the handling of trypsin in large scale studies. Proteomics ; Trypsin ; Proteases ; Mass spectrometry ; Protease ; Chemistry ; Quantitative proteomics ; Computational biology ; Lysis ; Chromatography ; Bioinformatics ; Biochemistry ; Biology ; Enzyme Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Biosensors and Analytical Detection
Authors: Toshiya Ueta | Masaaki Otsuka
Source: Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union (article, 2023-12-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Precise Determination of Extinction Corrections and Plasma Diagnostics Abstract Extinction correction is the quintessence of astronomy. To achieve precision astrophysics in plasma diagnostics as in the theme of the present Proceedings, one must perform extinction correction properly before executing any line diagnostics of line-emitting objects including planetary nebulae. By making use of the inseparable relationship between extinction correction and plasma diagnostics, we establish a novel method to determine the physical conditions of a line-emitting target and the extinction characteristics along the line of sight toward the target simultaneously and self-consistently. This approach is made possible by the exact analytical expressions for the extinction parameters in terms of the emission properties of the target and by statistical optimization of the extinction parameters to find the robust physical conditions of the target. Extinction (optical mineralogy) ; Line-of-sight ; Plasma ; Line (geometry) ; Noise (video) Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
Authors: Yixuan Liu | Claudia Kirch | Jeong Eun Lee | Renate Meyer
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-06-08)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

A nonparametrically corrected likelihood for Bayesian spectral analysis of multivariate time series This paper presents a novel approach to Bayesian nonparametric spectral analysis of stationary multivariate time series. Starting with a parametric vector-autoregressive model, the parametric likelihood is nonparametrically adjusted in the frequency domain to account for potential deviations from parametric assumptions. We show mutual contiguity of the nonparametrically corrected likelihood, the multivariate Whittle likelihood approximation and the exact likelihood for Gaussian time series. A multivariate extension of the nonparametric Bernstein-Dirichlet process prior for univariate spectral densities to the space of Hermitian positive definite spectral density matrices is specified directly on the correction matrices. An infinite series representation of this prior is then used to develop a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to sample from the posterior distribution. The code is made publicly available for ease of use and reproducibility. With this novel approach we provide a generalization of the multivariate Whittle-likelihood-based method of Meier et al. (2020) as well as an extension of the nonparametrically corrected likelihood for univariate stationary time series of Kirch et al. (2019) to the multivariate case. We demonstrate that the nonparametrically corrected likelihood combines the efficiencies of a parametric with the robustness of a nonparametric model. Its numerical accuracy is illustrated in a comprehensive simulation study. We illustrate its practical advantages by a spectral analysis of two environmental time series data sets: a bivariate time series of the Southern Oscillation Index and fish recruitment and time series of windspeed data at six locations in California. Mathematics ; Autoregressive model ; Univariate ; Multivariate statistics ; Nonparametric statistics ; Statistics ; Markov chain Monte Carlo ; Parametric statistics ; Bayesian probability ; Applied mathematics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses