jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Minxin Wang | Yong Liu | Youcong Huang | Yuepeng Xin | Tao Han | Boxue Du
Source: Electronics (article, 2024-03-21)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Defect Identification of XLPE Power Cable Using Harmonic Visualized Characteristics of Grounding Current This paper proposes an online monitoring and defect identification method for XLPE power cables using harmonic visualization of grounding currents. Four typical defects, including thermal aging, water ingress and dampness, insulation scratch, and excessive bending, were experimentally conducted. The AC grounding currents of the cable specimens with different defects were measured during operation. By using the chaotic synchronization system, the harmonic distortion was transformed into a 2D scatter diagram with distinctive characteristics. The relationship between the defect type and the diagram features was obtained. A YOLOv5 (you only look once v5) target recognition model was then established based on the dynamic harmonics scatter diagrams for cable defect classification and identification. The results indicated that the overall shape, distribution range, density degree, and typical lines formed by scatter aggregation can reflect the defect type effectively. The proposed method greatly reduces the difficulty of data analysis and enables rapid defect identification of XLPE power cables, which is useful for improving the reliability of the power system. Harmonics ; Power cable ; Harmonic ; Distortion (music) ; Ground ; Reliability (semiconductor) ; Power (physics) ; Identification (biology) ; Electronic engineering ; Engineering ; Acoustics ; Electrical engineering ; Computer science ; Materials science ; Voltage ; Physics High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation ; Thermal Analysis in Power Transmission
Authors: Bradley Ward | Sébastien Pyr dit Ruys | Jean‐Luc Balligand | Leïla Belkhir | Patrice D. Cani | Jean‐François Collet | Julien De Greef | Joseph P. Dewulf | Laurent Gatto | Vincent Haufroid | Sébastien Jodogne | Benoît Kabamba | Maxime Lingurski | Jean Cyr Yombi | Didier Vertommen | Laure Elens
Source: Journal of Proteome Research (article, 2024-08-19)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Deep Plasma Proteomics with Data-Independent Acquisition: Clinical Study Protocol Optimization with a COVID-19 Cohort Plasma proteomics is a precious tool in human disease research but requires extensive sample preparation in order to perform in-depth analysis and biomarker discovery using traditional data-dependent acquisition (DDA). Here, we highlight the efficacy of combining moderate plasma prefractionation and data-independent acquisition (DIA) to significantly improve proteome coverage and depth while remaining cost-efficient. Using human plasma collected from a 20-patient COVID-19 cohort, our method utilizes commonly available solutions for depletion, sample preparation, and fractionation, followed by 3 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/MS (LC-MS/MS) injections for a 360 min total DIA run time. We detect 1321 proteins on average per patient and 2031 unique proteins across the cohort. Differential analysis further demonstrates the applicability of this method for plasma proteomic research and clinical biomarker identification, identifying hundreds of differentially abundant proteins at biological concentrations as low as 47 ng/L in human plasma. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD047901. In summary, this study introduces a streamlined, cost-effective approach to deep plasma proteome analysis, expanding its utility beyond classical research environments and enabling larger-scale multiomics investigations in clinical settings. Our comparative analysis revealed that fractionation, whether the samples were pooled or separate postfractionation, significantly improved the number of proteins quantified. This underscores the value of fractionation in enhancing the depth of plasma proteome analysis, thereby offering a more comprehensive landscape for biomarker discovery in diseases such as COVID-19. Proteome ; Biomarker discovery ; Biomarker ; Proteomics ; Human plasma ; Computational biology ; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ; Bioinformatics ; Medicine ; Chemistry ; Computer science ; Chromatography ; Biology ; Disease ; Internal medicine ; Biochemistry Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Biosensors and Analytical Detection ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Authors: Chengxin Cai | Yinfei Li | Mingxing Li | Yao Qin | Yangyang Zhou
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2024-09-08)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Phase and amplitude simultaneously coding metasurface with multi-frequency and multifunctional electromagnetic modulations The integration of multiple functionalities into a single, planar, ultra-compact metasurface has presented significant opportunities for enhancing capacity and performance within compact 5G/6G communication systems. Recent advances in multifunctional metasurfaces have unveiled comprehensive wavefront manipulations utilizing phase, polarization transmission/reflection, and coding apertures. Despite these developments, there remains a critical need for multifunctional metasurfaces with expanded channel capabilities, including multiple operational frequencies, minimal crosstalk, and high-efficiency computable array factors. This study introduces a multifunctional metasurface that integrates phase- and amplitude simultaneous coding meta-atoms at dual frequencies. By altering the polarization of electromagnetic (EM) waves, it is possible to reshape the wave-fronts of reflected waves at these frequencies. The coding metasurface proficiently manipulates both x and y linearly polarized waves through phase and amplitude coding at dual frequencies, thereby enabling distinct functionalities such as anomalous reflection, reflection imaging, and vortex wave beam generation. Both theoretical analysis and full-wave simulation confirm the anticipated functionalities of the designed devices, paving the way for advancements in integrated communication systems with diverse functionalities. Amplitude ; Coding (social sciences) ; Phase (matter) ; Electromagnetic radiation ; Amplitude modulation ; Phase modulation ; Physics ; Computer science ; Acoustics ; Frequency modulation ; Optics ; Telecommunications ; Radio frequency ; Mathematics ; Quantum mechanics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Antenna Design and Analysis
Authors: Ruyuan Zheng | Yingting Yi | Qianju Song | Zao Yi | Yougen Yi | Shubo Cheng | Jianguo Zhang | Chaojun Tang | Tangyou Sun | Qingdong Zeng
Source: Materials (article, 2024-08-29)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Dual-Tuned Terahertz Absorption Device Based on Vanadium Dioxide Phase Transition Properties In recent years, absorbers related to metamaterials have been heavily investigated. In particular, VO<sub>2</sub> materials have received focused attention, and a large number of researchers have aimed at multilayer structures. This paper presents a new concept of a three-layer simple structure with VO<sub>2</sub> as the base, silicon dioxide as the dielectric layer, and graphene as the top layer. When VO<sub>2</sub> is in the insulated state, the absorber is in the closed state, Δf = 1.18 THz (absorption greater than 0.9); when VO<sub>2</sub> is in the metallic state, the absorber is open, Δf = 4.4 THz (absorption greater than 0.9), with ultra-broadband absorption. As a result of the absorption mode conversion, a phenomenon occurs with this absorber, with total transmission and total reflection occurring at 2.4 THz (A = 99.45% or 0.29%) and 6.5 THz (A = 90% or 0.24%) for different modes. Due to this absorption property, the absorber is able to achieve full-transmission and full-absorption transitions at specific frequencies. The device has great potential for applications in terahertz absorption, terahertz switching, and terahertz modulation. Terahertz radiation ; Materials science ; Absorption (acoustics) ; Optoelectronics ; Metamaterial absorber ; Metamaterial ; Microwave ; Optics ; Graphene ; Terahertz spectroscopy and technology ; Nanotechnology ; Telecommunications ; Tunable metamaterials ; Physics ; Composite material Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Photonic Crystals and Applications ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research
Authors: Naicheng Wu | Guohao Liu | Xinxin Qi | Zongwei Lin | Yixia Wang | Yaochun Wang | Yuying Li | Collins Oduro | Sangar Khan | Shuchan Zhou | Tianjiang Chu
Source: Ecology and Evolution (article, 2024-06-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Different facets of alpha and beta diversity of benthic diatoms along stream watercourse in a large near‐natural catchment Understanding the processes and mechanisms that shape the distribution patterns and variations of biodiversity along spatial gradients continues to be a priority for ecological research. We focused on the biodiversity of benthic diatom communities within a large near-natural watershed. The objectives are: (1) to explore the overall spatial patterns of benthic diatom biodiversity; (2) to investigate the effects associated with watercourse position and environmental variables, as well as both common and rare species on two facets (i.e., taxonomic and functional) of alpha and beta diversity; and (3) to unveil the mechanisms underlying their spatial variations. Alpha diversity indices along the stream watercourse showed a clear increasing trend from upstream to downstream sites. Results of random forest regression identified conductivity as the primary factor influencing functional alpha diversity, while elevation emerged as the predominant factor for taxonomic alpha diversity. Beta diversity partitioning revealed that taxonomic beta diversity generally exceeded functional beta diversity. These diversity measures exhibited different patterns along the watercourse position: taxonomic beta diversity remained relatively consistent along the watercourse, whereas functional total beta diversity and its two components of middle stream sites were lower than those of upstream and downstream sites. Functional beta diversity was sustained by dominant and common species, while rare species made significant contributions to taxonomic beta diversity. Both taxonomic and functional beta diversity and its components displayed a stronger influence from spatial factors than from local environmental, geo-climatic, and nutrient variables. Collectively, taxonomic and functional alpha and beta diversity demonstrated distinct responses to the main environmental gradients and spatial factors within our catchment, highlighting their different insights into diatom diversity. Furthermore, research is required to assess the generalizability of our findings to similar ecosystems. In addition, this study presents opportunities for expansion to include other taxa (e.g., macroinvertebrates and fish) to gain a comprehensive understanding of the driving mechanisms behind stream biodiversity. Beta diversity ; Benthic zone ; Alpha diversity ; Environmental science ; Natural (archaeology) ; BETA (programming language) ; Ecology ; Drainage basin ; Alpha (finance) ; Biodiversity ; Geography ; Hydrology (agriculture) ; Geology ; Biology ; Archaeology ; Cartography ; Computer science Diatoms and Algae Research ; Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics ; Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology and Behavior
Authors: Tyler C. Cropley | Fanny C. Liu | Mengqi Chai | Matthew F. Bush | Christian Bleiholder
Source: Journal of the American Chemical Society (article, 2024-04-10)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Metastability of Protein Solution Structures in the Absence of a Solvent: Rugged Energy Landscape and Glass-like Behavior Native ion mobility/mass spectrometry is well-poised to structurally screen proteomes but characterizes protein structures in the absence of a solvent. This raises long-standing unanswered questions about the biological significance of protein structures identified through ion mobility/mass spectrometry. Using newly developed computational and experimental ion mobility/ion mobility/mass spectrometry methods, we investigate the unfolding of the protein ubiquitin in a solvent-free environment. Our data suggest that the folded, solvent-free ubiquitin observed by ion mobility/mass spectrometry exists in a largely native fold with an intact β-grasp motif and α-helix. The ensemble of folded, solvent-free ubiquitin ions can be partitioned into kinetically stable subpopulations that appear to correspond to the structural heterogeneity of ubiquitin in solution. Time-resolved ion mobility/ion mobility/mass spectrometry measurements show that folded, solvent-free ubiquitin exhibits a strongly stretched-exponential time dependence, which simulations trace to a rugged energy landscape with kinetic traps. Unfolding rate constants are estimated to be approximately 800 to 20,000 times smaller than in the presence of water, effectively quenching the unfolding process on the time scale of typical ion mobility/mass spectrometry measurements. Our proposed unfolding pathway of solvent-free ubiquitin shares substantial characteristics with that established for the presence of solvent, including a polarized transition state with significant native content in the N-terminal β-hairpin and α-helix. Our experimental and computational data suggest that (1) the energy landscape governing the motions of folded, solvent-free proteins is rugged in analogy to that of glassy systems; (2) large-scale protein motions may at least partially be determined by the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain; and (3) solvent facilitates, rather than controls, protein motions. Chemistry ; Ion-mobility spectrometry ; Energy landscape ; Mass spectrometry ; Ion ; Solvent ; Metastability ; Chemical physics ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Crystallography ; Computational chemistry ; Chromatography ; Organic chemistry Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Protein Structure and Dynamics ; Enzyme Structure and Function
Authors: Zian Chen | Haichao Li | Chen Zhang | Hongbin Zhang | Yongxiao Zhao | Jian Cao | Tao He | Lina Xu | Hong‐Ping Xiao | Yi Li | Hezhu Shao | Xiaoyu Yang | Xiao He | Guoyong Fang
Source: Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation (article, 2024-10-25)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Crystal Structure Prediction Using Generative Adversarial Network with Data-Driven Latent Space Fusion Strategy Crystal structure prediction (CSP) is an important field of material design. Herein, we propose a novel generative adversarial network model, guided by a data-driven approach and incorporating the real physical structure of crystals, to address the complexity of high-dimensional data and improve prediction accuracy in materials science. The model, termed GAN-DDLSF, introduces a novel sampling method called data-driven latent space fusion (DDLSF), which aims to optimize the latent space of generative adversarial networks (GANs) by combining the statistical properties of real data with a standard Gaussian distribution, effectively mitigating the "mode collapse" problem prevalent in GANs. Our approach introduces a more refined generation mechanism specifically for binary crystal structures such as gallium nitride (GaN). By optimizing for the specific crystallographic features of GaN while maintaining structural rationality, we achieve higher precision and efficiency in predicting and designing structures for this particular material system. The model generates 9321 GaN binary crystal structures, with 16.59% reaching a stable state and 24.21% found to be metastable. These results can significantly enhance the accuracy of crystal structure predictions and provide valuable insights into the potential of the GAN-DDLSF approach for the discovery and design of binary, ternary, and multinary materials, offering new perspectives and methods for materials science research and applications. Adversarial system ; Computer science ; Generative grammar ; Fusion ; Crystal structure prediction ; Space (punctuation) ; Crystal (programming language) ; Generative adversarial network ; Data space ; Data-driven ; Data mining ; Artificial intelligence ; Machine learning ; Crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Crystallography ; Deep learning Machine Learning in Materials Science ; X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography ; Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Authors: Meihe Yu | Yingli Ren | Meiyan Guo | Baoyi Ren | Gang Xiong | Fu Ding | Li-Xin You | Ya‐Guang Sun
Source: Separation and Purification Technology (article, 2024-05-24)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Hydrophobic hypercrosslinked polymers prepared by secondary pore-forming method as excellent toluene adsorbents Toluene ; Adsorption ; Polymer ; Chemical engineering ; Materials science ; Polymer chemistry ; Chemistry ; Organic chemistry Covalent Organic Framework Applications ; Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications ; Membrane Separation and Gas Transport
Authors: L.G. LeSage | Takumi Suga | Takeshi Wada | Hidemi Kato | Christophe Le Bourlot | Éric Maire | Nicolas Mary | Pierre-Antoine Geslin
Source: Acta Materialia (article, 2024-04-09)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A diffusion model for liquid metal dealloying. Application to NiCu precursors dealloyed in liquid Ag Liquid metal dealloying is a promising technique to elaborate porous metallic materials with potential applications for catalysis and energy storage. It consists in the selective dissolution of an element out of a precursor alloy by immersing it in a liquid bath. To model this process, we introduce a one-dimensional diffusion model that relies on the thermodynamic properties of the ternary system, and on a maximum velocity criterion of the reaction front. The model is compared to experimental measurements conducted on NiCu samples dealloyed in liquid Ag. Regarding the kinetics, the model enable to reach experimental time-scales, replicate experimental trends, and reveal the influence of the ligament structure on the dealloying rate. Also, by assuming thermodynamic equilibria between solid and liquid phases in the dealloyed region, the microstructure gradient obtained numerically is in satisfactory agreement with experimental measurements. These numerical results are obtained without adjustable parameters, which opens the possibility to predict dealloyed microstructures as function of the process parameters (precursor and bath composition, dealloying time and temperature, etc.). Materials science ; Ternary operation ; Dissolution ; Diffusion ; Microstructure ; Liquid metal ; Thermodynamics ; Alloy ; Porosity ; Process (computing) ; Metallurgy ; Chemical engineering ; Composite material ; Computer science Nanoporous metals and alloys ; Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
Authors: Ju Zhou | Chunlan Tian | Chunxiao Ren | Mamdouh Omran | Ju Tang | Fan Zhang | Guo Chen
Source: Ceramics International (article, 2024-01-21)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Dynamics characteristics and microstructure evolution of Sc2O3–ZrO2 ceramic powders during microwave drying Materials science ; Ceramic ; Microwave ; Diffusion ; Microstructure ; Composite material ; Thermodynamics Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Applications ; Advanced ceramic materials synthesis ; Microwave Dielectric Ceramics Synthesis
Authors: Hao Lu | Qiuyang Zhao | Yanlong Zhang | Zhiwei Song | Shuoyu Zhang | Yu Dong | Hui Jin | Liejin Guo
Source: Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis (article, 2024-11-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A multi-step kinetics study on Chang-7 shale pyrolysis: Impact of shale inherent minerals Oil shale ; Pyrolysis ; Shale gas ; Kinetics ; Petroleum engineering ; Chemistry ; Geology ; Geochemistry ; Mineralogy ; Organic chemistry ; Paleontology Thermal and Kinetic Analysis ; Petroleum Processing and Analysis ; Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
Authors: Yassmin Handulle Ismail | Kean Wang | Maryam Al Shehhi | Ali Al Hammadi
Source: Heliyon (article, 2024-01-20)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Iodide ion-imprinted chitosan beads for highly selective adsorption for nuclear wastewater treatment applications Iodide ions from radioactive iodine isotopes are common contaminants present in nuclear wastewater from nuclear power plants which are considered hazardous contaminants to be released in water sources even at low concentrations due to their association with metabolic disorders, therefore its removal from the nuclear wastewater effluents is necessary. Chitosan beads are natural and cost-efficient adsorbents that have been used for ion removal from wastewater. However, issues of poor selectivity persist in achieving high-efficiency iodide ion removal. In this study, ion-imprinted chitosan beads (IIC) have been synthesized using the phase-inversion method, IIC beads were modified by cross-linking with epichlorohydrin (IIC-EPI) and modified by cross-linking with epichlorohydrin and silicon dioxide nanoparticles (IIC-SiO<sub>2</sub>-EPI). Through 4 h of batch adsorption experiments, IIC beads achieved a maximum adsorption capacity (Q<sub>e</sub>) of 0.65 mmol g<sup>-1</sup> and showed more preference for the iodide ions compared to the non-imprinted chitosan beads which achieved a maximum adsorption capacity of 0.27 mmol g<sup>-1</sup> at pH 7. While the modified beads IIC-EPI and IIC-SiO<sub>2</sub>-EPI beads have boosted the adsorption capacities to 0.72 mmol g<sup>-1</sup> and 0.91 mmol g<sup>-1</sup>. Scanning electron microscopic cross-sectional images have shown more pores and cavities than the surface images which agrees with the multilayer heterogeneous diffusion suggested by the Freundlich adsorption isotherm, that the experimental data has fitted. Adsorption kinetic data have fitted the Pseudo-second-order model as well as the Weber and Morris intraparticle model, which suggest an intraparticle pore diffusion adsorption mechanism, with the involvement of the physical electrostatic interactions with the cationic chitosan surface. Epichlorohydrin ; Adsorption ; Iodide ; Chitosan ; Chemistry ; Freundlich equation ; Nuclear chemistry ; Wastewater ; Chromatography ; Inorganic chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Waste management Covalent Organic Framework Applications ; Radioactive element chemistry and processing ; Analytical chemistry methods development