jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Bilge Bilgin Fıçıcılar | Koray Korkmaz
Source: Polymers (article, 2025-06-25)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Development of Chitosan-Based Composite Films Incorporating Anchovy Byproduct Hydrolysates This study developed edible composite films incorporating the anchovy (<i>Engraulis encrasicolus</i>) byproduct protein hydrolysate (ABPH) into a chitosan matrix and evaluated their physicochemical, structural, and functional properties for food packaging applications. ABPH, produced by Flavourzyme enzymatic hydrolysis, exhibited high hydrolysis (54-57%) and high protein content (80.7 ± 0.94%). Films were produced using 1%, 2%, and 3% ABPH (CH-FP1, CH-FP2, and CH-FP3) by the casting method. Characterization of the films revealed that a higher ABPH concentration increased water swelling, solubility, and opacity, while tensile strength decreased and elongation at break improved, indicating greater flexibility. FTIR analysis showed that ABPH was incorporated through enlarged amide I and II bands and broader -OH/NH regions, suggesting hydrogen bonding and protein-polysaccharide interactions. SEM images demonstrated good dispersion at low concentrations and more uniform surfaces at higher ABPH levels. This suggests that chitosan-ABPH composite films can serve as biodegradable, protein-enriched packaging materials with adjustable mechanical and barrier properties to valorize fishery waste and sustainable food packaging solutions. Ultimate tensile strength ; Chitosan ; Hydrolysate ; Solubility ; Chemical engineering ; Composite number ; Enzymatic hydrolysis ; Materials science ; Hydrolysis ; Nuclear chemistry ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; Anchovy ; Casting ; Food packaging ; Chemistry ; Polymer chemistry ; Composite material ; Food science ; Organic chemistry ; Fishery Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging ; Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides ; Meat and Animal Product Quality
Authors: Chun Gao | Yuanyuan Zhang | Tao Fan | Jia Wang | Huajian Song | Hang Su
Source: Crystals (article, 2025-07-25)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High-Speed Train Wheels: A Study of the Rim and Web High-speed trains have revolutionized modern transportation with their exceptional speeds, yet the essence of this technological breakthrough resides in the train’s wheels. These components are engineered to endure extreme mechanical stresses while ensuring high safety and reliability. In this paper, we selected the rim and web as representative components of the wheel and conducted a comprehensive and systematic study on their microstructure and mechanical properties. The wheels are typically produced through integral forging. To improve the mechanical performance of the wheel/rail contact surface (i.e., the tread), the rim is subjected to surface quenching or other heat treatments. This endows the rim with strength and hardness second only to the tread and lowers its ductility. This results in a more isotropic structure with improved fatigue resistance in low-cycle and high-cycle regimes under rotating bending. The web connects the wheel axle to the rim and retains the microstructure formed during the forging process. Its strength is lower than that of the rim, while its ductility is slightly better. The web satisfies current property standards, although the microstructure suggests further optimization may be achievable through heat treatment refinement. Microstructure ; Materials science ; High speed train ; Composite material ; Mechanical engineering ; Engineering ; Automotive engineering ; Manufacturing engineering ; Transport engineering Metal Alloys Wear and Properties ; Gear and Bearing Dynamics Analysis ; Mechanical Engineering and Vibrations Research
Authors: Flávia Luize Pereira de Souza | Luciano Shozo Shiratsuchi | Maurício A. Dias | Marcelo Rodrigues Barbosa Júnior | Tri Setiyono | Sérgio Campos | Haiying Tao
Source: Precision Agriculture (article, 2025-02-17)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

A neural network approach employed to classify soybean plants using multi-sensor images Counting soybean plants is a crucial strategy for assessing sowing quality and supporting high production. Despite its importance, the laborious nature of traditional assessment methods makes them unreliable and not scalable. Additionally, innovative image-based solutions have demonstrated limitations in detecting dense crops such as soybeans. Therefore, in this study, we developed neural network models to analyze a set of RGB and multispectral images and perform plant classification in a comprehensive dataset, which included data collected at three vegetative stages of soybean (VC, V1, and V2). Our results demonstrated high accuracy in classifying plants using either RGB (98%) or multispectral images (92%). A significant strength of this study is the ability to classify highly dense plants, without a trend for misclassification. Clearly, our findings provide stakeholders with a timely and effective approach to counting soybean plants, reducing labor and time, while increasing reliability. Artificial neural network ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer science ; Remote sensing ; Environmental science ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Geography Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Smart Agriculture and AI ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
Authors: Kirill Khabarov | Maria Blanco Formoso | I. Baldi | Foroogh Khozeymeh | Riccardo Marongiu | Giulia Bruno | Bikash Kumar Bhandari | Veronica Storari | Henri Haka | Michele Dipalo | Paolo Canepa | Francesco Gentile | Nick Goldman | Federica Villa | Francesco Tantussi | Francesco De Angelis
Source: Nature Communications (article, 2025-10-14)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Raman identification of single nucleotides flowing through permeable plasmonic films Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering has been studied for decades as a recognition technique due to its high sensitivity and discriminative power, particularly in biological applications. Inspired by nanopore sequencing technology, we developed a plasmonic device capable of operating in a flow-through configuration to detect individual molecules passing through plasmonic hotspots. This device is a permeable plasmonic film, through which single molecules are sequentially delivered via electrophoresis, while Raman spectra are recorded in real-time. A very effective light-matter coupling, combined with the ultrasmall size of plasmonic spots, enabled access to angstrom spatial and microsecond temporal scales compatible with polymer sequencing. We successfully slowed the translocation process and captured Raman spectra of the four nucleotides at a time resolution down to 20 μs under our experimental conditions. We achieved a discrimination accuracy of 89% at the single-molecule level. Also, we demonstrated a spatial resolution on the order of a few nucleotides, suggesting the potential for sequencing applications. Plasmon ; Raman spectroscopy ; Nanopore ; Raman scattering ; Microsecond ; Temporal resolution ; Resolution (logic) Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications ; Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques ; Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies
Authors: Angela Longo | Luca Sconosciuto | Michela Verni | Vito Emanuele Carofiglio | Domenico Centrone | Marianna Villano | Gaia Salvatori | Erica Pontonio | Marco Montemurro | Carlo Giuseppe Rizzello
Source: Microorganisms (article, 2025-08-17)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Substrate Optimization for PHB Production from Ricotta Cheese Exhausted Whey Using Azohydromonas lata DSM 1123 Valorization of ricotta cheese exhausted whey (RCEW), a dairy by-product generated in large quantities worldwide, is essential to mitigate its environmental impact and unlock its economic potential. This study explores the use of RCEW as a substrate for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production by <i>Azohydromonas lata</i> DSM 1123. The substrate was characterized by low protein and fat contents and a relevant lactose concentration (3.81%, <i>w</i>/<i>v</i>). Due to <i>A. lata</i>'s inability to directly metabolize lactose, β-galactosidase supplementation was necessary. Mineral supplementation of pasteurized RCEW significantly improved both microbial biomass and PHA synthesis, achieving up to 25.94% intracellular PHA content, whereas pre-adaptation trials failed to enhance strain performance. Moderate nitrogen limitation in the substrate (C/N ratio 44) favored PHA synthesis (0.55 g/L) and 32.74% intracellular accumulation. Thermal treatments decreased initial microbial contamination, hence a balanced mixture of pasteurized-sterilized (75:25) substrate was used to modulate RCEW protein content without the inclusion of additional technological or chemical processing steps and without lactose loss or dilution. Bioreactor trials using optimized RCEW pre-treatment conditions led to a further increase in biomass (2.36 g/L) and PHA production (0.88 g/L), especially under fed-batch conditions. The extracted polymer was confirmed to be polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), with high thermal stability and a molecular weight of 5.9 KDa. Substrate (aquarium) ; Food science ; Production (economics) ; Chemistry ; Economics ; Biology ; Microeconomics biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties ; Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization ; Biofuel production and bioconversion
Authors: Roman Shendrik | Е. А. Раджабов | Alexandra Myasnikova | Viktorija Pankratova | Anatolijs Šarakovskis | A. I. Nepomnyashchikh | Alexander Bogdanov | Veronika Gavrilenko | Екатерина Канева | Dmitry Sofich | Tatiana Garmysheva | Vladimir Pankratov
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2025-07-22)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Ultrafast core-to-core luminescence in BaF2 - LaF3 single crystals This study investigates the mechanisms underlying the ultrafast cross-luminescence observed in BaF<sub>2</sub> crystals doped with LaF<sub>3</sub>. We identified an ultrafast luminescent component with a decay time of approximately 150 ps, which emerges under excitation energies exceeding 24 eV as a novel radiative recombination process between electrons in the 5p core band of Ba<sup>2+</sup> and holes in the 5p core band of La<sup>3+</sup>. Ab initio calculations supported this hypothesis, showing that the energy levels of the core bands facilitate such transitions. The findings indicated that BaF<sub>2</sub>-LaF<sub>3</sub> scintillators hold significant promise for the detection of ultrafast processes in high-energy physics and medical applications. Ultrashort pulse ; Luminescence ; Core (optical fiber) ; Scintillator ; Excitation ; Atomic physics ; Radiative transfer ; Materials science ; Molecular physics ; Physics ; Optoelectronics ; Optics ; Laser Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials ; Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies ; Nuclear Physics and Applications
Authors: Narges Bagheri | Ferial Nosratinia | Fazel Zahakifar | Taher Yousefi
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2025-05-27)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

The effect of operational parameters on the properties of thorium uranium oxide produced via oxalates’ coprecipitation Co-precipitation is a widely used technique for producing thorium-based fuels. In this method, the characteristics of the final product are significantly affected by the operating parameters. This study investigates the effects of operational parameters on the properties of thorium ThO<sub>2</sub>-30 wt%UO<sub>2</sub> powder using oxalate precipitation. The parameters examined include the reaction temperature, stirrer type, and precipitant concentration. The results indicate that temperature, as the most important factor, has a profound effect on the size, morphology, and crystallinity of particles. Reducing the temperature produced smaller particles with a more spherical shape and increased agglomeration. Furthermore, the use of an ultrasonic stirrer doubled the particle size, whereas higher oxalic acid concentrations improved particle homogeneity and thickness. The products obtained exhibit particle sizes ranging from 0.4 to 2 μm and specific surface areas between 16 and 36 m<sup>2</sup>/g. These results demonstrate the importance of precise control over the synthesis conditions of oxalate precipitates. The optimal selection of the operating parameters can significantly improve the physical and structural properties of mixed oxide powders. Coprecipitation ; Thorium ; Uranium ; Oxide ; Radiochemistry ; Chemistry ; Nuclear chemistry ; Inorganic chemistry ; Materials science ; Metallurgy Radioactive element chemistry and processing ; Nuclear materials and radiation effects ; Nuclear Materials and Properties
Authors: Josinaldo de Oliveira Dias | Renato Siqueira | Bruno Coelho | Amanda Oliveira da Conceição
Source: Materials (article, 2025-06-11)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Polymer Composites Reinforced with Charcoal Particulate Naturally reinforced polymer composites have emerged as a promising sustainable alternative to conventional polymers due to their biodegradability. This study aimed to develop a composite by incorporating charcoal particulate into a recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix and evaluating its mechanical properties. Two manufacturing methods (compression molding and extrusion) and four charcoal concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 15%) were investigated. Characterization involved tensile tests and non-destructive evaluation using wave propagation and ultrasound techniques. The experiment followed a completely randomized design with a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, comprising eight treatments. Statistical analysis was conducted using Tukey's test for multiple comparisons. The tensile test results indicated that the manufacturing methods of compression molding and extrusion led to significant differences in the elastic modulus (MOE) variable, in contrast to the results observed for the maximum stress variable. However, the addition of charcoal particulate caused a notable reduction in maximum tensile strength (approximately 50%), from 20.17 to 11.19 MPa, and a 22% decrease in the MOE, from 310.93 to 242.88 MPa, compared to unreinforced HDPE. Non-destructive testing confirmed the tensile test findings, also indicating a reduction in MOE. Despite the decline in mechanical properties, these composites remain viable for applications prioritizing lightweight structures, thermal insulation, or chemical resistance. Furthermore, their use enhances the valorization of waste and increases sustainability by reducing environmental impact. Composite material ; Materials science ; Particulates ; Charcoal ; Polymer ; Chemistry ; Metallurgy Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Material Properties and Applications ; Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties
Authors: Dat Tran-Anh | Hoai Nam Vu
Source: Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print) (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

A Novel Approach Based on Graph Attention Networks for Fruit Recognition Counterfeit agricultural products pose a significant challenge to global food security and economic stability, necessitating advanced detection mechanisms to ensure authenticity and quality. To address this pressing issue, we... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Tech Science Press Computer science ; Graph ; Artificial intelligence ; Theoretical computer science Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Smart Agriculture and AI
Authors: Pedro Ribeiro | M.I.A. Barbosa | Clara Sousa | Pedro Rodrigues
Source: Foods (article, 2025-04-21)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Machine-Learning Spectral Analysis Tool for Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) Cultivar Discrimination <i>Vaccinium corymbosum</i> is one of the main sources of commercialized blueberries across the world. This species has a large number of distinct cultivars, leading to significantly different berries characteristics such as size, sweetness, production rate, and growing season. In this context, accurate cultivar discrimination is of significant relevance, and currently, it is mostly performed through berries examination. In this work, we developed a method to discriminate 19 cultivars from the <i>V. corymbosum</i> species through their leaves' near-infrared spectra. Spectra were acquired from fresh blueberry leaves collected from two geographic regions and across three seasons. Machine-learning-based models, selected from a pool of 10 classifiers based on their discrimination power under a twofold stratified cross-validation process, were trained/tested with 1 to 20 components obtained by the application of data dimensionality reduction (DDR) techniques (dictionary learning, factor analysis, fast individual component analysis, and principal component analysis) to different near-infrared (NIR) spectra regions' data, to either analyze a single spectral region and season or combine spectral regions and/or seasons for each side of the blueberry leaf. The percentage of correct cultivar discrimination ranged from 52.27 to 100%, with the best spectral results obtained with the adaxial side of the leaves in the fall (100% Accuracy) and the abaxial side of the leaves in the winter (100% Accuracy); the fast ICA DDR technique was present in 83.33% of the best analyses (five out of six); and the LinearSVC was present in 66.67% (four out six best analyses). The results obtained in this work denote that near-infrared spectroscopy is a suitable and accurate technique for <i>V. corymbosum</i> cultivar discrimination. Vaccinium ; Cultivar ; Context (archaeology) ; Growing season ; Principal component analysis ; Sweetness ; Horticulture ; Mathematics ; Botany ; Biology ; Food science ; Sugar ; Statistics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity ; Horticultural and Viticultural Research
Authors: Yuman Hordijk | Bart Waaijer | Christopher B. Kelly | Trevor A. Hamlin
Source: ChemRxiv (preprint, 2025-04-25)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Methyl Radical Addition Reactions to C=X Double Bonds Radical additions to olefins and related π-systems are essential tools in the modern synthetic toolbox for forging C–C and C–X bonds. We report a systematic DFT study (ZORA-(U)OLYP/TZ2P) on methyl radical (H₃C•) additions to H₂C=X substrates, where X spans tetrel, pnictogen, and chalcogen elements across Periods 2–5. Our analysis reveals clear periodic trends: addition barriers at carbon decrease and those at X increase from tetrels to chalcogens; reaction energies become less favorable across a period but more favorable down a group. Regioselectivity favors addition at X except for X = CH₂, NH, and O, where carbon attack dominates—consistent with experimental data. These trends arise from a balance of orbital interactions and Pauli repulsion, with the latter emerging as a key, yet underappreciated, factor governing radical reactivity and regioselectivity in π-systems. Double bond ; Chemistry ; Photochemistry ; Medicinal chemistry ; Organic chemistry Radical Photochemical Reactions ; Oxidative Organic Chemistry Reactions
Authors: M. Bach | Kelvin Techera Barbosa | C. Fonseca | Darci Alberto Gatto | Rafael Beltrame | André Luiz Missio | Jalel Labidi | Rafael de Ávila Delucis
Source: Materials (article, 2025-04-25)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Nanocrystalline Cellulose Reinforcement and Constrained Expansion to Enhance Mechanical Performance of Rigid Polyurethane Foams for Sandwich Panel Applications This study aimed to assess the mechanical and morphological properties of rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) at varying concentrations, exploring also effects of expansion under confinement for use in sandwich panels. RPUFs with 1%, 3%, and 5% CNC were tested, with the 3% CNC content delivering the best combination of mechanical performance and cellular structure. While the RPUF with 5% CNC showed a 78% increase in cell length, its compressive strength dropped by 55%, likely due to CNC agglomeration. Confining the RPUF during expansion improved the density by 23%, which in turn led to an approximately 90% increase in core shear stress. Flexural tests revealed that confined panels exhibited better force-displacement responses, with core shear strength rising by 55% compared to unconfined panels. These results suggest that CNC-reinforced and confined RPUFs are well-suited for structural applications requiring both strength and insulation. Materials science ; Composite material ; Polyurethane ; Sandwich panel ; Flexural strength ; Cellulose ; Sandwich-structured composite ; Core (optical fiber) ; Compressive strength ; Reinforcement ; Nanocellulose ; Structural engineering ; Engineering Advanced Cellulose Research Studies ; Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Polymer composites and self-healing
Authors: Sulistyani Kusumaningrum | Ambar Mudigdo | Bambang Purwanto | Dono Indarto
Source: Trends in Sciences (article, 2025-07-10)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

The Effects of Methanol Extract of Rue Leaves (Ruta graveolens) on Body Weight, Lipid Profile, Adipokine Levels, TCPTP, and Perilipin-1 Expression in Obesity Model Rats Obesity is one of the non-communicable diseases that becomes a health problem with high prevalence every year. Rue leaves (Ruta graveolens) containing a rutacridone active compound can computationally interact with T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP) and have anti-obesity activity properties. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the Methanol Extract of Rue Leaves (MERL) on Body Weight (BW), Obesity Index (OI), Subcutaneous Fat Thickness (SFT), lipid profile, Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), Leptin (LEP) and Adiponectin (ADP) levels, TCPTP and Perilipin-1 expression in obesity model rats (OR). This study was an animal experiment with a pre-posttest control group design, which used 48 male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain and was randomly divided into 6 groups. The normal Group (N) was male rats + rat standard feed (BR-2). The negative and positive Groups (NC and PC) were obese rats (ORs) + BR-2 + 1 mL of 0.9% NaCl and 0.6 mg/kg BW pure rutacridone, respectively. The treatment groups (T1-T3) were ORs + BR-2 + 80, 100, or 200 mg/kg BW MERL for 30 days. Our results demonstrated that MERL administration significantly reduced BW, OI, SFT, TG, TC, LDL-C, FBG, and LEP levels and significantly increased HDL-C and ADP levels with p ˂ 0.05, compared to the NC group in a dose-dependent manner. Our data also showed low expression of TCPTP and Perilipin-1 in all treatment groups. In conclusion, MERL administration reduces leptin, TG, TC, LDL-C, FBG levels, SFT, BW, and OI while increasing ADP and HDL-C levels in male obese rats. HIGHLIGHTS Methanol extract of Rue leaves (MERL) chemically contains Osthol, Psoralen, Rutin, Scoparone, and Quercetin, which potentially become anti-obesity agents. Measuring subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) using an ultrasound sonography device provides accurate data for determining rat obesity. Administration of 100 mg/kg BW/day MERL effectively reduces leptin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, fasting blood glucose levels, SFT, body weight, and obesity index while increasing adiponectin and HDL-Cholesterol levels in male obese rats. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Perilipin ; Adipokine ; Obesity ; Lipid profile ; Medicine ; Endocrinology ; Adiponectin ; Internal medicine ; Insulin resistance ; Diabetes mellitus ; Adipose tissue ; Adipocyte Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrroles ; Pharmacological Effects of Natural Compounds ; Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth