jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Huiming Xiao | Jiahui Wu | Haoyang Lin | Lihao Wang | Jianfeng He | Leqing Lin | Ruobin Zhuang | Guantian Hong | Jiabao Xie | Jianhui Yu | Zhe Chen | Yongchun Zhong | Zhigang Song | Huadan Zheng
Source: Optics (article, 2026-02-09)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

1D U-Net Enhanced QEPAS Sensor for Trace Water Vapor Detection We report a deep learning-assisted quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) sensor for trace water vapor detection in air. A 1392 nm butterfly-packaged DFB laser is wavelength-modulated at f0/2, and the QEPAS signal is retrieved by second-harmonic (2f) lock-in demodulation using a commercial quartz tuning fork gas cell. After optimizing the modulation depth to 400 mV, a 1D U-Net denoising network trained with pseudo-clean supervision is applied to the measured 2f traces, yielding an SNR improvement of 2.05× (3.11 dB). Allan deviation analysis indicates a minimum detection limit (MDL) of ~2.21 ppm at an optimum averaging time of ~619 s, corresponding to an ~2.1× improvement compared with the raw output. These results demonstrate that neural-network-based post-processing can improve QEPAS water vapor sensing performance without modifying the optical hardware. Photoacoustic spectroscopy ; Detection limit ; Demodulation ; Water vapor ; SIGNAL (programming language) ; Allan variance ; Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging) ; Laser ; Signal processing Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging ; Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors
Authors: 趙文博 | Wenbo Zhao | 永島涼太 | Ryota Nagashima | 中田伸生 | Nobuo Nakada | 田村一輝 | Kazuki Tamura
Source: Tokyo Tech Research Repository (Tokyo Institute of Technology) (article, 2026-03-30)
Field: Materials Science — Ceramics and Composites

Assessment of internal stresses in lath martensite via elastic strain release Martensite ; Strain (injury) ; Lath ; Deformation (meteorology) ; Internal stress ; Elasticity (physics) Advanced ceramic materials synthesis ; Shape Memory Alloy Transformations ; Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels
Authors: Louise Marie Buur | Stephan Winkler | Viktoria Dorfer
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (article, 2026-03-31)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Beyond Delta Masses: MS Andrea Directly Resolves Combinatorial Peptide Modifications in Open Searches Abstract Open modification search (OMS) strategies have gained popularity in mass spectrometry-based proteomics for identification of peptides carrying unknown or unexpected post-translational modifications. However, most OMS search engines report only the overall mass difference between the precursor and the matched peptide and do not explicitly identify or score combinations of multiple modifications at the peptide–spectrum match (PSM) level, leaving the interpretation of mass shifts up to the end user and to using downstream analysis tools. Here, we introduce MS Andrea, a novel OMS search engine developed to directly identify and score combinations of up to four variable modifications per peptide without having to predefine them. MS Andrea uses a sequence tag-based strategy to efficiently filter candidate peptides prior to scoring. Remaining candidates are evaluated using the MS Amanda scoring function, first considering fixed modifications only, followed by a second scoring stage in which combinations of modifications from the Unimod database are considered based on the observed mass difference and matched to the spectrum. We evaluated MS Andrea using phosphopeptide datasets from HeLa cells and Arabidopsis thaliana and compared its performance with the widely used OMS engines MSFragger and Sage. Across datasets, MS Andrea identified the highest number of PSMs at 1% false discovery rate while achieving comparable peptide-level identifications. Importantly, MS Andrea directly reports modification identities and sites at the PSM level and enables the identification of peptides having up to four variable modifications. Together, these results demonstrate that MS Andrea facilitates more detailed and interpretable characterization of peptide modifications while maintaining competitive identification performance in OMS-based proteomic analyses. TOC Graphic Peptide ; Identification (biology) ; Search engine ; False discovery rate ; Mass spectrometry ; Filter (signal processing) Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches ; Machine Learning in Bioinformatics
Authors: Ningye He | Hui Liu | Xue Zhang | Renxia Ning
Source:  (article, 2026-03-30)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Multiband Orthometric Polarization Sensitivity Electromagnetically Induced Transparency-Like on Metamaterials In this paper, a dual-layer metamaterial structure operating in the microwave band which is composed of nested split-ring resonators (SRRs) was designed. The electromagnetic transmission under two polarization modes are comparatively analyzed through the finite integral time domain method. By scrutinizing the electric field distribution on each resonance frequency, the physical mechanism of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like effect is expounded, and the influence of the structure parameters was further investigated. The experimental results obtained from the microwave anechoic chamber closely match with the simulation results. The experimental findings suggest that the metamaterial structure has potential applications in the detection of solid material permittivity. Metamaterial ; Microwave ; Electromagnetically induced transparency ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Resonator ; Anechoic chamber ; Electromagnetic radiation ; Electromagnetic field ; Electric field Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Electromagnetic wave absorption materials
Authors: Anmar Kamil Alalwani | Idrees H. M. AL-Jaf | Mohammed Ahmed | Ahmad Kamis | Basim Abed
Source: Journal of university of Anbar for pure science (article, 2026-04-01)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Genetic diversity and molecular characterization of olive cultivars (Olea europaea L.) in Iraq using ISSR markers This study used ten different Olea europaea L. genotypes, including Ashrasi, Bashiqa, Manzanilla, Dakel, Al-Khudairi, Darmalali, Sorani, Qaisi, Nabali, and Ascolano. The genotypes were selected from seven sites representing the major areas of olive production and cultivation in Iraq. Genetic relationships among the 10 examined olive cultivars were determined using ISSR analysis, which revealed that 10 primers were highly efficient, generating 98 bands, 64 of which were polymorphic, yielding a mean polymorphism rate of 64.7%. These findings reveal significant genetic differentiation among the olive cultivars under study. Genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.11 to 0.83, indicating a broad spectrum of diversity. The Ashrasi cultivar was the most genetically distinct, suggesting it may be useful for enriching genetic diversity. In contrast, high genetic similarity was observed between Qaisi and Dakel, and between Darmalali and Al-Khudairi. These results were also supported by the dendrogram, which separated the cultivars into two major groups: one with higher similarity and the other with greater evolutionary distance, with Ascolano forming a separate branch, indicating its unique genetic identity Genetic diversity ; Cultivar ; Olea ; Genetic variation ; Genetic marker Edible Oils Quality and Analysis ; Genetic diversity and population structure ; Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
Authors: Ed Hill-King
Source: Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) (article, 2026-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Non-Invasive Detection of Internal Potato Defects for Reduction of Food Loss in The Fresh Produce Supply Chain The potato (Solanum tuberosum) is the most important non-grain vegetable in the world, playing a major role in human nutrition worldwide. Half of all potato grown, however, does not reach the fork of the consumer. Food waste and losses represent a substantial challenge to potato supply chains, as well as to global food systems in general. Food waste and losses negatively impact the world in a variety of ways, contributing to food insecurity, environmental degradation and economic losses. A leading cause of potato waste and losses is tuber defects, which result in produce failing to meet safety, storage or consumer standards. While defects with external symptoms are effectively screened for via optical grading lines, many defects exhibit only internal defects, which is a barrier to their detection. Internal defects are widely screened for by solely destructive means; novel non-destructive approaches are needed to improve the detection and screening of internal potato defects. Work carried out in this thesis investigates the potential for non-invasive non-destructive approaches to detect internal potato defects to address the challenges they pose to the fresh potato supply chain. This research uncovers promising avenues of non-invasive non-destructive detection of internal potato defects, applying optical and electrical spectroscopy. NIR reflectance spectroscopy successfully provided a means of detecting blackheart and spraing in intact potatoes. Blackheart was also successfully detected with a novel approach to impedance spectroscopy. In addition to these findings this work develops an exciting novel method for extending the shelf-life of fresh produce such as tomatoes to reduce losses in homes, retail and transit. Food waste ; Supply chain ; Food supply ; Food industry ; Work (physics) ; Degradation (telecommunications) ; Food storage ; Food systems Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Potato Plant Research ; Fault Detection and Control Systems
Authors: Hiroto Murakami
Source: ChemRxiv (article, 2026-03-19)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Spherulites Certificate: A Dual-Layer Physical Authentication System Based on Humidity-Triggered Giant Spherulites in Lead-Halide Perovskite Hydrates We propose the Spherulites Certificate, a dual-layer physical authentication architecture that exploits the stochastic nucleation and macroscopic radial growth of lead-halide perovskite hydrate spherulites produced by Hygro-Triggered Giant Spherulites Formation (HT-GSF). Each thin-film label encodes two physically distinct information layers: a public layercomprising the geometric pattern of spherulite arms and the spatial coordinates of crystal nuclei-that is directly readable by an unmodified smartphone camera, and a private layer of sub-micrometre microstructural fingerprints accessible only by optical microscopy, retained exclusively by the issuing authority. A three-stage matching algorithm based on Delaunay triangulation of nucleus positions, histogram-of-oriented-gradients (HOG) texture descriptors, and probabilistic score fusion is proposed for public-layer verification. Collision probability analysis shows that for 10-20 nuclei on an 18 × 18 mm substrate at a spatial resolution of ±50 μm, the probability of two specimens sharing an identical nucleus configuration is in the range of 10-52 to 10-104, far exceeding any practical uniqueness requirement. Comparison with established anti-counterfeiting technologies-including QR codes, holographic seals, NFC tags, and recently reported fluorescent and memristive perovskite PUF schemes-demonstrates structural advantages in clone resistance, readout accessibility, and security architecture. The Spherulites Certificate is positioned as a strong candidate for high-value authentication applications such as fine art provenance, pharmaceutical lot verification, and secure document issuance. Perovskite (structure) ; Spherulite (polymer physics) ; Nucleation ; Authentication (law) ; Layer (electronics) ; Crystal (programming language) ; Texture (cosmology) ; Delaunay triangulation Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Mineralogy and Gemology Studies ; Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis
Authors: Taha Mehany | José M. González-Sáiz | Consuelo Pizarro
Source: Foods (article, 2026-02-04)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Rapid Monitoring and Quantification of Primary and Secondary Oxidative Markers in Edible Oils During Deep Frying Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics The results demonstrate that hydroxytyrosol enrichment enhances the oxidative and nutritional stability of edible oils during deep frying. Moreover, the integration of NIR spectroscopy with chemometric modeling provides an effective, non-destructive tool for real-time monitoring of oil oxidation, supporting sustainable quality control, process optimization, and antioxidant fortification in functional edible oils. Hydroxytyrosol ; Chemometrics ; Antioxidant ; Primary (astronomy) ; Oxidative phosphorylation ; Health benefits Edible Oils Quality and Analysis ; Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Authors: S. F Pate | H. Arachchige | C. Kuruppu | D. Nawarathne
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (article, 2026-02-02)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Binned and Unbinned Transverse Single Spin Asymmetry Extraction, including Background Subtraction and Unfolding The determination of transverse single-spin asymmetries in experiments involving polarized targets and/or beams may encounter challenges when (1) the magnitude of the polarization varies greatly with time, (2) the polarization magnitude is not the same for each spin state, (3) different integrated luminosities occur for different spin states or different target materials, and/or (4) some kinematic variables require unfolding; these are just a few examples. We present general methods of determining the asymmetry based on both binned analysis and unbinned maximum likelihood optimization, incorporating the unfolding of kinematic variables that are smeared by detector effects, and also including the possibility of background subtraction. Asymmetry ; Transverse plane ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Background subtraction ; Kinematics ; Detector ; Spin (aerodynamics) Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications ; Electron Spin Resonance Studies ; Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
Authors: Wei Li | Jie Li | Tian Zhao | Yong Li | Chenxi Wang | Penggang Li | Ziwei Zheng | Fei Ding | Hongliang Li
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2026-04-02)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Ultraviolet metasurface-enabled flat-top beam shaping with size preservation uniformity and broadband robustness Ultraviolet lithography based on Gaussian beam sources plays a critical role in integrated circuit fabrication, yet the intrinsic strong central intensity and rapid edge decay of Gaussian beams often lead to blurred feature edges, tapered sidewalls, and pattern distortion during exposure. Converting Gaussian beams into flat-top beams while preserving the original beam size is therefore highly desirable but remains challenging for compact optical systems. In this work, we investigate metasurface-based Gaussian-to-flat-top beam shaping using two independent phase-design strategies: the geometrical mapping technique (GMT) and the iterative Fourier transform algorithm (IFTA). The GMT provides a deterministic reference solution based on energy redistribution, while the IFTA offers a flexible iterative optimization framework for controlling the output intensity distribution. Based on these design approaches, a hafnium dioxide nanopillar metasurface operating at a wavelength of 300 nm is proposed to generate flat-top beams with excellent beam-size preservation. Numerical simulations show that the generated flat-top beam exhibits an intensity uniformity of approximately 0.965 and a beam-shaping efficiency of about 79.5%, while the relative deviation between the flat-top beam width and the incident Gaussian beam width is maintained at only 0.24%. The metasurface also demonstrates stable beam-shaping performance across multiple target planes, over a broadband ultraviolet range from 240 to 360 nm, and under incident angles up to 10°. The proposed metasurface beam-shaping strategy provides a compact and versatile approach for generating uniform flat-top beams with strict beam-size control, offering promising potential for applications in ultraviolet lithography and laser micromachining. Gaussian beam ; Gaussian ; Beam (structure) ; Lithography ; M squared ; Laser beam quality ; Distortion (music) ; Broadband ; Robustness (evolution) ; Electron-beam lithography Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics
Authors: Ioannis Varveris | Gianni D. Aliberti | Felix J. Barzilaij | Zhi Jin | Samantha A. van Rijs | Qiangrui Dong | Daan Brinks | Salahuddin Nur | Ryoichi Ishihara
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (article, 2026-02-24)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Toward a CMOS-integrated quantum diamond biosensor based on NV centers We report progress toward a CMOS-integrated quantum diamond biosensing platform that combines nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond with a custom 40 nm CMOS Single-Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) array. The system integrates on-chip active quenching and digital readout with external FPGA-based photon counting, compact microwave delivery, and practical optical excitation and collection schemes to support widefield optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR). System-level design considerations spanning fluorescence collection efficiency, detector count-rate capability, and microwave homogeneity are analyzed with biological compatibility and scalability in mind. Using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION)-labeled HEK293T cells as a representative use case, simple dipole-field estimates indicate that sub-$μ$T sensitivity is required to resolve ODMR shifts within typical ensemble linewidths. Based on the proposed architecture and efficiency analysis, a magnetic field sensitivity of approximately 90 nT/$\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ per pixel is estimated. These results outline a practical path from optics-heavy quantum diamond microscopes toward compact, CMOS-integrated NV-based biosensors for quantitative magnetic imaging in complex biological environments. Diamond ; Biosensor ; Quantum sensor ; Detector ; Magnetic field ; Microwave ; Biomagnetism ; Microscope ; Nitrogen-vacancy center Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies ; Graphene research and applications
Authors: Feng‐Chang Gu | Sen‐Fu Chan
Source: IET Science Measurement & Technology (article, 2026-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Application of the Chaotic System–Based Error Trace Diagrams for Partial Discharge Feature Extraction ABSTRACT This study established four models representing common defect types in 25‐kV cross‐linked polyethylene power cable joints and analysed partial discharge (PD) signals associated with such defects. An acoustic emission sensor was used to measure acoustic signals induced by the PD phenomenon in the power cable joints. A chaotic synchronisation system was applied to analyse dynamic errors associated with the signals. Motion trajectories were calculated using the master and slave systems in the Chen‐Lee chaotic system and then plotted as three‐dimensional error trace diagrams for each of the four models. Two chaotic gravity distances were obtained as features and a backpropagation neural network algorithm was used for cable joint pattern recognition. Furthermore, acoustic signals were measured from 160 sets of cable joints and random white noise was added to test the robustness of the feature extraction algorithm against noise. This study also evaluated the use of fractal dimensions for extracting features from 3D PD patterns. The results confirmed that the proposed method achieved high accuracy, was straightforward to implement and effectively distinguished between different cable joint models. Chaotic ; Robustness (evolution) ; Partial discharge ; Backpropagation ; Feature extraction ; Fractal ; Joint (building) ; White noise ; Noise (video) ; Artificial neural network High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Water Systems and Optimization ; Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics
Authors: Vidhya Prasanth
Source: Journal on Applied and Chemical Physics (article, 2026-03-17)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Study of Erosion Efficiency of Polymers and Polymer Composites Using VIKOR Method A corrosion efficiency diagram illustrates the corrosion resistance of different polymers and polymeric composites, with a focus on how hardness influences their performance. This diagram delineates various regimes and boundaries related to corrosion behavior, highlighting their corrosion performance. In civil engineering applications, particularly for non-bearing components, natural fiber/polymer composites are preferred due to their susceptibility to environmental degradation. Internal components are particularly emphasized due to their vulnerability to environmental attack. After conducting the assessment, it’s evident that finding the ideal fiber content in a polymer composite is crucial. The incorporation of graphene into polymers has garnered considerable attention due to its fundamental research and diverse technical applications. Consistency in reviewing smart and innovative products is essential, particularly in the context of upgrading compounds to more advanced ones. These products boast a multitude of functions, showcasing their advanced nature. Additionally, it introduced a target authentication rule based on the fundamental principles of the traditional VIKOR method. The study aims to introduce a novel approach for multi-sensor target recognition by integrating the VIKOR method with the G1 method. Specifically, the VIKOR method is employed to derive an optimal compromise solution by minimizing the relative deviations of the responses. This integration is expected to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of target recognition in multi-sensor environments. Customization is got the first rank whereas is the Cost-Effectiveness is having the Lowest rank Corrosion ; Context (archaeology) ; Galvanic corrosion ; Consistency (knowledge bases) ; Composite number ; Polymer Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition ; Erosion and Abrasive Machining ; Scientific and Engineering Research Topics