jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Mohd Nazri Ahmad | Muhammad Nazrin Puasa
Source: Eng—Advances in Engineering (article, 2025-11-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Coconut (Cocos nucifera)-Reinforced Polypropylene Composite Natural fibers have been widely used for reinforcing polymers, attributed to their sustainable nature, light weight, biodegradability, and low cost compared with synthetic fibers, for example, carbon or glass fibers. The objective of this research was to promote the use of natural resource-blended polypropylene (PP) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to explore the potential of using grain by-products, such as coconut shell (CS), as fillers for thermoplastic materials. CS (30 wt%) is embedded in the PP matrix of the composite. Thereafter, CS/PP composites were produced utilizing a hot press compounding machine to produce the specimens and a high-speed mixer set at 3000 rpm for five minutes. The impact of coconut shell content on the mechanical and thermal properties of CS/PP composites was examined. The results show the CS/PP composite’s tensile strength and tensile modulus improved by 36% and 30%, respectively. In the meantime, the CS/PP composite’s flexural strength and flexural modulus increased by 16% and 13%, respectively. At a maximum temperature of 260 °C, the CS/PP composite demonstrated thermal stability. Due to the unprocessed particles, the coconut fiber appeared on the surface as homogenous particles. Researchers and industry professionals can use these results to help create new products. Polypropylene ; Flexural strength ; Compounding ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Izod impact strength test ; Composite number ; Flexural modulus ; Natural fiber ; Glass fiber Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Coconut Research and Applications ; Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging
Authors: K. Elangovan | Tamsin A. Spelman | Gilles Dupouy | Gaurav Singh | Marie‐Edith Chabouté | Henrik Jönsson
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2025-01-04)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Machine learning segmentation tool trained on synthetic data for tracking cytoskeleton polymerisation and depolymerisation Abstract The cytoskeleton is important in controlling the growth and morphology of plant cells, so tracking its morphological changes is essential. Here, we develop a new machine learning based segmentation tool for microtubules (MTs), which can distinguish between polymerised and depolymerised fibres. To circumvent the low abundance of data, we trained on synthetic images of microtubules from a computational micro-tubule model, pre-processed to reproduce microscope effects and partial depolymerisation. We used this tool to investigate how the MT network in an Arabidopsis thaliana root hair cell repolymerises after depolymerisation under Oryzalin (OZ) drug treatments. Specifically, we show the network initially repolymerises from the shank region. This work demonstrates the viability of using synthetic data to train machine learning systems handling cytoskeletal image data. Segmentation ; Artificial intelligence ; Tracking (education) ; Cytoskeleton ; Computer science ; Machine learning ; Chemistry ; Psychology ; Biochemistry Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Μenelaos Zafrakas | Ioannis Gavalas | Panayiota Papasozomenou | Christos Emmanouilides | Maria Chatzidimitriou
Source: Journal of Personalized Medicine (review, 2025-04-27)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Proteomics in Diagnostic Evaluation and Treatment of Breast Cancer: A Scoping Review <b>Objectives:</b> The aim of this scoping review was to delineate the current role and possible applications of proteomics in personalized breast cancer diagnostic evaluation and treatment. <b>Methods:</b> A comprehensive search in PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus/EMBASE was conducted, according to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Inclusion criteria: proteomic studies of specimens from breast cancer patients, clinically relevant studies and clinical studies. Exclusion criteria: in silico, in vitro and studies in animal models, review articles, case reports, case series, comments, editorials, and articles in language other than English. The study protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework. <b>Results:</b> In total, 1093 records were identified, 170 papers were retrieved and 140 studies were selected for data extraction. Data analysis and synthesis of evidence showed that most proteomic analyses were conducted in breast tumor specimens (n = 77), followed by blood samples (n = 48), and less frequently in other biologic material taken from breast cancer patients (n = 19). The most commonly used methods were liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), followed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF), Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight (SELDI-TOF) and Reverse Phase Protein Arrays (RPPA). <b>Conclusions:</b> The present review provides a thorough map of the published literature reporting clinically relevant results yielded from proteomic studies in various biological samples from different subgroups of breast cancer patients. This analysis shows that, although proteomic methods are not currently used in everyday practice to guide clinical decision-making, nevertheless numerous proteins identified by proteomics could be used as biomarkers for personalized diagnostic evaluation and treatment of breast cancer patients. Breast cancer ; Proteomics ; Medicine ; Bioinformatics ; Cancer ; Oncology ; Internal medicine ; Biology Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Advanced Biosensing Techniques and Applications ; Gene expression and cancer classification
Authors: Chun-Wan Timothy Lo | Sharonna Greenberg
Source: Chemistry Education Research and Practice (article, 2025-08-15)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Lowering the activation barrier to create a constructively aligned undergraduate chemistry laboratory experience – a review of innovations in assessments and course design Reimagining laboratory education in chemistry can help address demands to revitalize the undergraduate chemistry curriculum. In doing so, we can help students think like scientists and connect chemistry to other disciplines. Historically, undergraduate laboratories were taught through expository experiments coupled with traditional lab reports. However, these practices do not allow for constructive alignment of the curriculum, because the assessments target the cognitive domain of learning while the learning outcomes and class activities target the psychomotor domain. This lack of alignment also limits meaningful learning in the laboratory, at the heart of the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. This review summarises some recent innovations in course design and assessments for undergraduate level laboratory courses. Overall, we aspire to lower the activation energy barrier for educators to find and implement curricular reforms in laboratory education that are constructively aligned within their course. We structure this review under the major learning outcomes of laboratory instruction, defined by Reid and Shah: (1) linking cognitive and psychomotor domains; (2) developing practical skills; (3) designing experiments; and (4) improving transferable skills, which are further separated into scientific writing, oral communication, and peer learning. Course (navigation) ; Chemistry ; Mathematics education ; Computer science ; Engineering physics ; Psychology ; Engineering Various Chemistry Research Topics ; Innovative Teaching Methods ; Experimental Learning in Engineering
Authors: Abiodun Kilani | Bolanle Deborah Ikotun | Rasheed Abdulwahab | Aderinto Gbenga Emmanuel
Source: Civil Engineering and Architecture (review, 2025-06-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Reinforcement Influence of Pineapple and Cashew Wastes on Concrete's Structural Properties as Supplementary Materials: A Comprehensive Review The current high rate of global warming is negatively affecting humans' health and global communities. From the literature, it was evident that a larger percentage of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) were emitted from cement industries. The production of environmentally friendly and low carbon concrete via incorporation of agricultural wastes / residues is one of the best methods of mitigating this environmental problem and others. This study reviewed the importance of incorporating Pineapple and Cashew wastes (PW and CW) in concrete as one of the approaches towards mitigating the emissions of GHGs in construction sectors. As of importance, PW and CW exhibit pozzolanic-properties which are good for the enhancement of concrete's structural properties. The review shows that low water – cement ratio is suitable for the production of pineapple waste's ash blended concrete. In addition, the production of workable CW and PW – concrete requires the use of 0.35 - 0.4 water / cement ratios for good results. Also, to attain good concrete's compressive, flexural and tensile strengths; the inclusion of PW in concrete should be limited to 0.1 – 0.5 %, 0.2 – 3.0 % and 0.15 – 3.0 %, respectively. Results from literatures have shown that the incorporation of 0 – 0.4 % of PW and CW in concrete really reduced the concrete's interstices and consequently, increasing its strengths and micro - structural properties, most especially at 90 days and beyond. Also, the review data were provided to help in reducing the rate of CO<sub>2</sub> and GHGs emissions from cement and concrete industries. In conclusion, this data will help in furthering the research on incorporating agricultural wastes in concrete as construction materials, and it will also help in reducing the problems of global warming through the emissions of CO<sub>2</sub> from GHGs and environmental pollution. Reinforcement ; Materials science ; Engineering ; Composite material Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: X Lang | Ning Wang | Xuanzhe An | Cuntang Wang
Source: Polymers (article, 2025-05-13)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Crab-Apple (Mulus asiatica Nakai) Peel Extract-Enhanced Potato Starch/κ-Carrageenan Bioactive Films: Structural Characterization, Antioxidant-Antimicrobial Efficacy, and Application in Meat Preservation The development of biodegradable food packaging materials with active functionalities presents a sustainable alternative to conventional plastic films. This study developed a bioactive complex film through solvent casting technique using potato starch (PS) and κ-carrageenan (κC) as the matrix, incorporated with ethanol extract of crab-apple peel (EEC). Fourier-transform infrared analysis confirmed the formation of hydrogen bonds between the film-forming constituents. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that higher concentrations of EEC led to a relatively rough film surface. XRD indicated that the incorporation of EEC reduced the crystallinity of the potato starch. The addition of EEC significantly increased the a and b values of the complex film (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while the L value and opacity decreased significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The TS, Young's modulus, and WVP of the complex films decreased significantly with increasing EEC concentration (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging abilities of PS-κC-EEC film were enhanced from 12.35% to 75.48% and from 10.26% to 72.52%, respectively. PS-κC-EEC film exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The application of the PS-κC-EEC film for the refrigerated preservation of pork demonstrated that the lipid oxidation level of wrapped pork was reduced. These results suggest that the fabricated PS-κC-EEC film could be utilized for the preservation of pork and extends its shelf life. Carrageenan ; Antimicrobial ; Food science ; Antioxidant ; Starch ; Chemistry ; Potato starch ; Traditional medicine ; Biochemistry ; Medicine ; Organic chemistry Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging ; Polysaccharides Composition and Applications ; Food composition and properties
Authors: Raúl Losantos | Giacomo Prampolini | Antonio Monari
Source: Chemical Communications (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

NORA: non-adiabatic dynamics with force-field based representation. Application to photoisomerization in biomimetic photoswitches Based on the JOYCE quantum-derived force field for specific electronic states, we propose a non-adiabatic dynamic procedure named Nora, to study the photochemical evolution of different chromophores at the cost of classical molecular dynamics simulations. Notably, we present its application to the <i>E</i>/<i>Z</i> photoisomerization of a biomimetic cyclocurcumin-based photoswhitch, which may have applications in oxygen-independent photodynamic therapy or photo-immunotherapy. This new methodology opens an expansive timescale in the study of photochemical processes in biological environments. Photoisomerization ; Chromophore ; Expansive ; Dynamics (music) ; Molecular dynamics ; Photoswitch ; Field (mathematics) Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry ; Supramolecular Chemistry and Complexes ; Photochemistry and Electron Transfer Studies
Authors: Masanari Shimada | Yan Li | Makoto Kobayashi | Eisuke Yamamoto | Rubén Cantón-Vitoria | Minoru Osada
Source: Chemistry Letters (article, 2025-01-27)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Mechanical exfoliation of non-van der Waals solids: a study of layered perovskite ferroelectric CsPb2Nb3O10 Abstract Mechanical exfoliation of layered materials is one of the most effective methods for obtaining 2D nanosheets. However, this approach is still limited to van der Waals (vdW) layered materials, where interlayer interactions are governed by weak vdW forces. In this study, we used a layered perovskite ferroelectric (CsPb2Nb3O10) as a model system to explore the mechanical exfoliation behavior of ionically bonded non-vdW layered materials. Due to the relatively weak out-of-plane bonds involving the interlayer Cs⁺ ions, CsPb2Nb3O10 could be cleaved into ultrathin sheets with thicknesses ranging from 7.5 to 50 nm. Using piezoresponse force microscopy, we investigated the thickness-dependent ferroelectric properties of CsPb2Nb3O10 nanosheets. Chemistry ; van der Waals force ; Exfoliation joint ; Perovskite (structure) ; Ferroelectricity ; Crystallography ; Chemical engineering ; Organic chemistry ; Graphene ; Molecule ; Dielectric ; Optoelectronics Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials ; Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies ; Glass properties and applications
Authors: Wen-Hui Shang | Zhi-Chao Chang | Yi-Wen Wang | Quzhen Luosang | Yu-Yu Hang | Zhi-Sheng Pei | Xuan-Ri Shen
Source: Foods (article, 2025-12-12)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Effect of Boiling on Meretrix lyrata Protein Structure Variation and Its Mechanism Based on Data-Independent Acquisition (DIA) Quantitative Proteomics This study employed a multi-technique approach to investigate the structural and conformational changes in proteins in <i>Meretrix lyrata</i> (<i>M. lyrata</i>) adductor, foot, and siphon tissues during boiling. Data-independent acquisition (DIA) quantitative proteomics was utilized to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in six temporal comparison groups (20-0 s, 40-20 s, 60-40 s, 80-60 s, 100-80 s, and 120-100 s). The results showed that key myofibrillar proteins, including myosin heavy chain, paramyosin, and actin, exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns, while low-molecular-weight degradation fragments (<17 kDa) appeared with prolonged heating. Turbidity measurements peaked in adductor and siphon tissues at 60 s and in foot tissue at 80 s. Heating resulted in a narrowed particle size distribution (100-1000 nm), and a decreased zeta potential, indicating a reduction in protein surface charge. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed hydrogen bond disruption and secondary structure transitions, marked by a reduction in α-helix content with a corresponding increase in β-sheet and random coil structures. In total, 6527 proteins were identified, and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis highlighted the DEPs' involvement in biological regulation and metabolic processes. Collectively, these results provide comprehensive characterization of protein denaturation, degradation, and structural reorganization in <i>M. lyrata</i> tissues during the boiling process. Proteomics ; Myosin ; Orbitrap ; Quantitative proteomics ; Quantitative analysis (chemistry) ; Protein structure ; Mass spectrometry ; Random coil Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides ; Meat and Animal Product Quality
Authors: Hou-Chun Huang | Hsin‐Hsiang Chung | Jiaying Yu | Bo-Rong Chen | Ming-Yang Wang | Cheng‐Chih Hsu
Source: Communications Medicine (article, 2025-07-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Development and multicenter validation of on-site breast cancer diagnosis using paper spray ionization miniature mass spectrometry Our results demonstrate that the MiniMaP platform enables rapid breast cancer diagnosis and maintains consistent performance in long-term multicenter validation. It holds promise for assisting clinical breast cancer diagnosis by providing instant diagnostic reports to support timely medical decisions and improve medical care. Mass spectrometry ; Breast cancer ; Multicenter study ; Medicine ; Cancer ; Chromatography ; Chemistry ; Internal medicine Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Biosensors and Analytical Detection ; Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications
Authors: Rajat Nama | C.R.M. Grovenor | Sergio Lozano‐Perez
Source: Microscopy and Microanalysis (article, 2025-07-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Nanoscale Characterization of Zirconium Alloy Corrosion: Dissolved Oxygen-Induced Microstructural Transformations Different nuclear reactor types exhibit dramatically varying dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations, ranging from less than 10 parts per billion to several parts per million [1].These substantial variations in oxygen environment fundamentally alter the microstructure and corrosion characteristics of zirconium-based fuel cladding materials [2].Secondary phase particles (SPPs), particularly -Nb and Zr(Nb,Fe) 2 Laves phases, play a critical role in the mechanical and corrosion resistance of zirconium alloys.These nanoscale precipitates act as barriers to dislocation movement, enhance material strength, and significantly influence the alloy's oxidation behavior.Our study reveals how dissolved oxygen concentration impacts these crucial microstructural features, potentially affecting the material's long-term performance in nuclear environments.Machine learning-assisted nanopore analysis unveiled microstructural differences across varied dissolved oxygen environments.At high DO concentrations, the oxide layer exhibited approximately twice the nanopore density compared to low dissolved oxygen conditions, with significant variations in pore distribution and interconnectivity.Transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) provided insights into the oxidation of secondary phase particles.The EELS investigation demonstrated how dissolved oxygen concentration alters SPP oxidation.In high DO environments, -Nb particles underwent more complete oxidation, transforming from metallic Nb 0 to fully oxidized Nb 5+ states.This oxidation process releases Nb ions into the oxide layer, potentially modifying its electronic conductivity and protective capabilities.The oxidation of these nanoscale particles directly correlates with changes in oxide layer microstructure, including increased nanoporosity and altered grain structure.Oxide growth kinetics confirmed these microscopic observations, with high DO environments producing significantly different oxide thickness and structural characteristics.The research illuminates how DO concentration induces nanoscale microstructural transformations that ultimately determine the corrosion resistance and performance of nuclear fuel cladding materials. Materials science ; Zirconium ; Alloy ; Corrosion ; Characterization (materials science) ; Nanoscopic scale ; Zirconium alloy ; Metallurgy ; Oxygen ; Chemical engineering ; Nanotechnology ; Chemistry ; Organic chemistry Nuclear Materials and Properties ; Radioactive element chemistry and processing ; Nuclear reactor physics and engineering
Authors: Yajun Li | Nan Liu | Tianrui Li | Xuemei Lu | Yanjiao Li
Source: Engineering Reports (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Metals and Alloys

Effect of Heat Treatment on Performance of 2205 Base Equipment and Pipes ABSTRACT 2205 dual‐phase stainless steel is widely used in petrochemical equipment. This paper simulates welding, post‐weld heat treatment, and operation conditions of 2205 steel. Microstructure evolution and properties were analyzed via metallography, impact testing, SEM, EDS, and electrochemical methods. Results showed microstructure degradation after 580°C heat treatment, with precipitate formation causing toughness loss. Precipitate diameter was ˜38 nm. Critical corrosion temperature and pitting resistance decreased with increasing heat treatment temperature. It is suggested that 2205 dual‐phase stainless steel should avoid post‐welding heat treatment during the fabricating process. For 2205 dual‐phase stainless steel equipment or parts that must or have completed post‐welding heat treatment, the risk assessment should be carried out based on the service temperature, etc. If necessary, solution treatment should be carried out to maximize the recovery of material properties. Base (topology) ; Environmental science ; Petroleum engineering ; Nuclear engineering ; Waste management ; Materials science ; Forensic engineering ; Engineering ; Mathematics Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals ; Non-Destructive Testing Techniques ; Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics