jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Chin-An Ku | C. Yu | Chia-Wei Hung | C.K. Chung
Source: Nanomaterials (review, 2023-10-27)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Advances in the Fabrication of Nanoporous Anodic Aluminum Oxide and Its Applications to Sensors: A Review Nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) is an important template for 1D nanomaterial synthesis. It is used as an etching template for nanopattern transfer in a variety of contexts, including nanostructured material synthesis, electrical sensors, optical sensors, photonic and electronic devices, photocatalysis, and hardness and anticorrosion improvement. In this review, we focus on various fabrication methods, pore geometry modification, and recent advances of AAO, as well as sensor applications linked to our environment, daily life, and safety. Pore geometry is concerned with the material composition, applied voltage mold, electrolyte type, temperature, and anodizing time during the fabrication of AAOs and for adjusting their pore size and profile. The applied voltage can be divided into four types: direct current anodization (DCA), reverse pulse anodization, pulse anodization (PA), and hybrid pulse anodization (HPA). Conventional AAOs are fabricated using DCA and mild anodization (MA) at a relatively low temperature (-5~15 °C) to reduce the Joule heating effect. Moreover, the issues of costly high-purity aluminum and a long processing time can be improved using HPA to diminish the Joule heating effect at relatively high temperatures of 20-30 °C with cheap low-purity (≤99%) aluminum. The AAO-based sensors discussed here are primarily divided into electrical sensors and optical sensors; the performance of both sensors is affected by the sensing material and pore geometry. The electrical sensor is usually used for humidity or gas measurement applications and has a thin metal film on the surface as an electrode. On the contrary, the AAO optical sensor is a well-known sensor for detecting various substances with four kinds of mechanisms: interference, photoluminescence, surface plasma resonance, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Especially for SERS mechanisms, AAO can be used either as a solid support for coating metal nanoparticles or a template for depositing the metal content through the nanopores to form the nanodots or nanowires for detecting substances. High-performance sensors will play a crucial role in our living environments and promote our quality of life in the future. Nanoporous ; Materials science ; Anodizing ; Fabrication ; Nanotechnology ; Nanomaterials ; Optoelectronics ; Aluminium ; Composite material Anodic Oxide Films and Nanostructures ; Semiconductor materials and devices ; Nanoporous metals and alloys
Authors: Jian Peng | Xiheng Kang | Siyu Zhao | Yongjun Yin | Peitao Zhao | Arthur J. Ragauskas | Chuanling Si | Xueping Song
Source: Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials (article, 2023-05-19)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Regulating the properties of activated carbon for supercapacitors: impact of particle size and degree of aromatization of hydrochar Supercapacitor ; Particle size ; Specific surface area ; Aromatization ; Materials science ; Chemical engineering ; Microporous material ; Microstructure ; Activated carbon ; Electrochemistry ; Capacitance ; Hydrothermal carbonization ; Mesoporous material ; Carbon fibers ; Carbonization ; Chemistry ; Electrode ; Composite material ; Adsorption ; Scanning electron microscope ; Organic chemistry ; Physical chemistry ; Catalysis Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication ; Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies ; Advanced battery technologies research
Authors: Jing Ma | Yonghong Tian | Jingyi Cheng | Shubo Cheng | Bin Tang | Jing Chen | Yougen Yi | Pinghui Wu | Zao Yi | Tangyou Sun
Source: Coatings (article, 2023-09-14)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Active Broadband Absorber Based on Phase-Change Materials Optimized via Evolutionary Algorithm This article proposes a temperature-controlled absorber based on VO2, which consists of five layers: a disk-shaped VO2 layer array, a dielectric layer, a circular hole VO2 array, a SiO2 layer, and a gold substrate from top to bottom. We optimized the thickness of the other four layers of the absorber, except for the gold layer, using PSO. After ten iterations, we determined that the optimal parameters for the top-to-bottom four-layer thicknesses were 0.183 μm, 0.452 μm, 0.557 μm and 1.994 μm. At this point, our absorber reached the optimal absorption parameters, and we plotted the absorption spectrum under these conditions. We found that the absorption rate at 29.1–47.2 THz was higher than 90%, and the absorption bandwidth was as high as 18.1 THZ. This frequency band covers most of the atmospheric window area (23–37.5 THz), so it will have good practicality. At 30.8 THz and 43.12 THz, there were perfect absorption peaks with absorption rates of 99.99% and 99.99%, respectively. We explained the cause of absorption from the perspective of electric field, and then we studied the change in the absorption curve of the absorber when the temperature of VO2 changed, and we can directly observe the changes in the electric field to explain this. Finally, we can tune the bandwidth and absorption rate of the absorber by changing the structure of the VO2 pattern. After comparing with other absorbers developed in recent years, our absorber still has good competitiveness, and we believe that our solution is expected to have outstanding performance in fields such as photothermal conversion and thermal stealth in the future. Materials science ; Absorption (acoustics) ; Terahertz radiation ; Electric field ; Broadband ; Optics ; Bandwidth (computing) ; Dielectric ; Wavelength ; Optoelectronics ; Physics ; Telecommunications ; Computer science ; Composite material Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials ; Perovskite Materials and Applications
Authors: James Finnerty | Steven P. Rowe | Trevor Howard | Shane Connolly | Christopher M. Doran | Declan M. Devine | Noel Gately | Vlasta Chyzna | Alexandre Portela | Gilberto Silva Nunes Bezerra | Paul McDonald | Declan Mary Colbert
Source: Journal of Composites Science (article, 2023-04-06)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Effect of Mechanical Recycling on the Mechanical Properties of PLA-Based Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composites The present study investigates the feasibility of utilizing polylactic acid (PLA) and PLA-based natural fiber-reinforced composites (NFRCs) in mechanical recycling. A conical twin screw extrusion (CTSE) process was utilized to recycle PLA and PLA-based NFRCs consisting of 90 wt.% PLA and a 10 wt.% proportion of either basalt fibers (BFs) or halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) for up to six recycling steps. The recycled material was then injection molded to produce standard test specimens for impact strength and tensile property analysis. The mechanical recycling of virgin PLA led to significant discoloration of the polymer, indicating degradation during the thermal processing of the polymer due to the formation of chromatophores in the structure. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed an increase in glass transition temperature (Tg) with respect to increased recycling steps, indicating an increased content of crystallinity in the PLA. Impact strength testing showed no significant detrimental effects on the NFRCs’ impact strength up to six recycling steps. Tensile testing of PLA/HNT NFRCs likewise did not show major decreases in values when tested. However, PLA/BF NFRCs exhibited a significant decrease in tensile properties after three recycling steps, likely due to a reduction in fiber length beyond the critical fiber length. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fracture surface of impact specimens revealed a decrease in fiber length with respect to increased recycling steps, as well as poor interfacial adhesion between BF and PLA. This study presents a promising initial view into the mechanical recyclability of PLA-based composites. Materials science ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Polylactic acid ; Composite material ; Differential scanning calorimetry ; Izod impact strength test ; Crystallinity ; Extrusion ; Scanning electron microscope ; Fiber ; Glass fiber ; Tensile testing ; Glass transition ; Basalt fiber ; Polymer biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties ; Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
Authors: Matteo Genovese | Viviana Cigolotti | Elio Jannelli | Petronilla Fragiacomo
Source: Energies (article, 2023-03-21)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Hydrogen Refueling Process: Theory, Modeling, and In-Force Applications Among the alternative fuels enabling the energy transition, hydrogen-based transportation is a sustainable and efficient choice. It finds application both in light-duty and heavy-duty mobility. However, hydrogen gas has unique qualities that must be taken into account when employed in such vehicles: high-pressure levels up to 900 bar, storage in composite tanks with a temperature limit of 85 °C, and a negative Joule–Thomson coefficient throughout a wide range of operational parameters. Moreover, to perform a refueling procedure that is closer to the driver’s expectations, a fast process that requires pre-cooling the gas to −40 °C is necessary. The purpose of this work is to examine the major phenomena that occur during the hydrogen refueling process by analyzing the relevant theory and existing modeling methodologies. Joule–Thomson effect ; Work (physics) ; Joule (programming language) ; Process (computing) ; Hydrogen ; Hydrogen vehicle ; Bar (unit) ; Computer science ; Hydrogen storage ; Range (aeronautics) ; Process engineering ; Hydrogen fuel ; Environmental science ; Nuclear engineering ; Mechanical engineering ; Engineering ; Efficient energy use ; Thermodynamics ; Chemistry ; Physics ; Electrical engineering ; Aerospace engineering Hydrogen Storage and Materials ; Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems ; Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
Authors: Yaseen Ahmed Mohammed Alsumaidaee | Chong Tak Yaw | Siaw Paw Koh | Tiong Sieh Kiong | Chai Phing Chen | Talal Yusaf | Ahmed N. Abdalla | Kharudin Ali | Avinash Raj
Source: Sensors (article, 2023-03-14)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Detection of Corona Faults in Switchgear by Using 1D-CNN, LSTM, and 1D-CNN-LSTM Methods The damaging effects of corona faults have made them a major concern in metal-clad switchgear, requiring extreme caution during operation. Corona faults are also the primary cause of flashovers in medium-voltage metal-clad electrical equipment. The root cause of this issue is an electrical breakdown of the air due to electrical stress and poor air quality within the switchgear. Without proper preventative measures, a flashover can occur, resulting in serious harm to workers and equipment. As a result, detecting corona faults in switchgear and preventing electrical stress buildup in switches is critical. Recent years have seen the successful use of Deep Learning (DL) applications for corona and non-corona detection, owing to their autonomous feature learning capability. This paper systematically analyzes three deep learning techniques, namely 1D-CNN, LSTM, and 1D-CNN-LSTM hybrid models, to identify the most effective model for detecting corona faults. The hybrid 1D-CNN-LSTM model is deemed the best due to its high accuracy in both the time and frequency domains. This model analyzes the sound waves generated in switchgear to detect faults. The study examines model performance in both the time and frequency domains. In the time domain analysis (TDA), 1D-CNN achieved success rates of 98%, 98.4%, and 93.9%, while LSTM obtained success rates of 97.3%, 98.4%, and 92.4%. The most suitable model, the 1D-CNN-LSTM, achieved success rates of 99.3%, 98.4%, and 98.4% in differentiating corona and non-corona cases during training, validation, and testing. In the frequency domain analysis (FDA), 1D-CNN achieved success rates of 100%, 95.8%, and 95.8%, while LSTM obtained success rates of 100%, 100%, and 100%. The 1D-CNN-LSTM model achieved a 100%, 100%, and 100% success rate during training, validation, and testing. Hence, the developed algorithms achieved high performance in identifying corona faults in switchgear, particularly the 1D-CNN-LSTM model due to its accuracy in detecting corona faults in both the time and frequency domains. Switchgear ; Corona (planetary geology) ; Extreme learning machine ; Deep learning ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Engineering ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Electrical engineering ; Artificial neural network ; Physics High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring ; Elevator Systems and Control
Authors: Lanfang Luo | Wenwu Ma | Kun Liang | Yuefan Wang | Jiali Su | Ruirui Liu | Taoyan Liu | Ng Shyh‐Chang
Source: Science Advances (article, 2023-02-03)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Spatial metabolomics reveals skeletal myofiber subtypes Skeletal muscle myofibers are heterogeneous in their metabolism. However, metabolomic profiling of single myofibers has remained difficult. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful tool for imaging molecular distributions. In this work, we optimized the workflow of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-based MSI from cryosectioning to metabolomics data analysis to perform high-spatial resolution metabolomic profiling of slow- and fast-twitch myofibers. Combining the advantages of MSI and liquid chromatography-MS (LC-MS), we produced spatial metabolomics results that were more reliable. After the combination of high-spatial resolution MSI and LC-MS metabolomic analysis, we also discovered a new subtype of superfast type 2B myofibers that were enriched for fatty acid oxidative metabolism. Our technological workflow could serve as an engine for metabolomics discoveries, and our approach has the potential to provide critical insights into the metabolic heterogeneity and pathways that underlie fundamental biological processes and disease states. Metabolomics ; Computational biology ; Biology ; Mass spectrometry imaging ; Proteomics ; Profiling (computer programming) ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry ; Mass spectrometry ; Bioinformatics ; Computer science ; Chromatography ; Gene Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies ; Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Authors: Cecilia Bender | Sarah Straßmann | Christian Golz
Source: Nutrients (article, 2023-01-09)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Oral Bioavailability and Metabolism of Hydroxytyrosol from Food Supplements Table olives and olive oils are the main dietary sources of hydroxytyrosol (HT), a natural antioxidant compound that has emerged as a potential aid in protection against cardiovascular risk. Bioavailability studies with olive oils showed that HT is bioavailable from its free form and from conjugated forms such as oleuropein and its aglycone. Still, its low dietary intake, poor bioavailability, and high inter-individual variability after absorption through the gastrointestinal tract hamper its full benefits. In a randomized, controlled, blinded, cross-over study, we investigated the impact of HT metabolism and bioavailability by comparing two olive-derived watery supplements containing different doses of HT (30.58 and 61.48 mg of HT/dosage). Additionally, HT-fortified olive oil was used in the control group. To this aim, plasma and urine samples were evaluated in 12 healthy volunteers following the intake of a single dose of the supplements or fortified olive oil. Blood and urine samples were collected at baseline and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 12 h after intake. HT and its metabolites were analyzed using UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic results showed that dietary HT administered through the food supplements is bioavailable and bioavailability increases with the administered dose. After intake, homovanillic acid, HT-3-<i>O</i>-sulphate, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid are the main metabolites found both in plasma and urine. The maximum concentrations in plasma peaked 30 min after intake. As bioavailability of a compound is a fundamental prerequisite for its effect, these results promise a good potential of both food supplements for protection against oxidative stress and the consequent cardiovascular risk. Bioavailability ; Hydroxytyrosol ; Urine ; Chemistry ; Pharmacokinetics ; Food science ; Pharmacology ; Antioxidant ; Medicine ; Biochemistry ; Polyphenol Edible Oils Quality and Analysis ; Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress ; Free Radicals and Antioxidants
Authors: Dmytro Gryb | Fedja J. Wendisch | Andreas Aigner | Thorsten Gölz | Andreas Tittl | Leonardo de S. Menezes | Stefan A. Maier
Source: Nano Letters (article, 2023-09-19)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Two-Dimensional Chiral Metasurfaces Obtained by Geometrically Simple Meta-atom Rotations Two-dimensional chiral metasurfaces seem to contradict Lord Kelvin's geometric definition of chirality since they can be made to coincide by performing rotational operations. Nevertheless, most planar chiral metasurface designs often use complex meta-atom shapes to create flat versions of three-dimensional helices, although the visual appearance does not improve their chiroptical response but complicates their optimization and fabrication due to the resulting large parameter space. Here we present one of the geometrically simplest two-dimensional chiral metasurface platforms consisting of achiral dielectric rods arranged in a square lattice. Chirality is created by rotating the individual meta-atoms, making their arrangement chiral and leading to chiroptical responses that are stronger or comparable to more complex designs. We show that resonances depending on the arrangement are robust against geometric variations and behave similarly in experiments and simulations. Finally, we explain the origin of chirality and behavior of our platform by simple considerations of the geometric asymmetry and gap size. Chirality (physics) ; Planar ; Asymmetry ; Physics ; Planar chirality ; Simple (philosophy) ; Dielectric ; Atom (system on chip) ; Lattice (music) ; Rod ; Geometry ; Theoretical physics ; Optics ; Quantum mechanics ; Chemistry ; Chiral symmetry ; Mathematics ; Computer science ; Enantioselective synthesis Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Antenna Design and Analysis
Authors: Sukanya Bhunia | Nagesh Kolishetti | Arti Vashist | Adriana Yndart | Deborah Brooks | Madhavan Nair
Source: Pharmaceutics (article, 2023-11-23)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Drug Delivery to the Brain: Recent Advances and Unmet Challenges Brain cancers and neurodegenerative diseases are on the rise, treatments for central nervous system (CNS) diseases remain limited. Despite the significant advancement in drug development technology with emerging biopharmaceuticals like gene therapy or recombinant protein, the clinical translational rate of such biopharmaceuticals to treat CNS disease is extremely poor. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which separates the brain from blood and protects the CNS microenvironment to maintain essential neuronal functions, poses the greatest challenge for CNS drug delivery. Many strategies have been developed over the years which include local disruption of BBB via physical and chemical methods, and drug transport across BBB via transcytosis by targeting some endogenous proteins expressed on brain-capillary. Drug delivery to brain is an ever-evolving topic, although there were multiple review articles in literature, an update is warranted due to continued growth and new innovations of research on this topic. Thus, this review is an attempt to highlight the recent strategies employed to overcome challenges of CNS drug delivery while emphasizing the necessity of investing more efforts in CNS drug delivery technologies parallel to drug development. Transcytosis ; Drug delivery ; Medicine ; Blood–brain barrier ; Drug ; Neuroscience ; Central nervous system ; Drug development ; Drug delivery to the brain ; Disease ; Brain disease ; Pharmacology ; Bioinformatics ; Biology ; Pathology ; Nanotechnology ; Internal medicine Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; RNA Interference and Gene Delivery ; Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Ahmed Refaat Elhelw | Mahmoud Salman S. Ibrahim | Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed | Abd El–Naser A. Mohamed | Mohamed Farhat O. Hameed | S. S. A. Obayya
Source: IEEE photonics journal (article, 2023-11-07)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Highly Sensitive Triple-Band THz Metamaterial Biosensor for Cancer Cell Detection Highly sensitive triple-band metamaterial-based biosensor for different cancer cells detection is suggested and numerically analyzed. The reported sensor has a polyimide dielectric layer which is sandwiched between gold bottom plane and top metallic patches. The analyte sample covers the metallic patch where multiple resonances occur with high absorption. The resonance frequencies depend on the optical properties of the analyte sample. Therefore, the proposed sensor can distinguish between different cancer cell types such as skin cancer, blood cancer, and Breast cancer. Full vectorial finite element method is used to study the effects of the geometrical parameters with the aim to maximize the sensor sensitivity. The suggested sensor has high sensitivity of 2050 GHz/RIU (which is much higher than those suggested in the literature) with high quality factor of 55.34 in the frequency range from 4.25 THz to 4.75 THz. Further, the proposed biosensor is a label-free, and easy for fabrication using the state-of-the-art fabrication technologies. Materials science ; Biosensor ; Metamaterial ; Analyte ; Terahertz radiation ; Optoelectronics ; Fabrication ; Dielectric ; Sensitivity (control systems) ; Optics ; Nanotechnology ; Chemistry ; Electronic engineering ; Physics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Terahertz technology and applications ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research