jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Xiu Zhou | Yukun Ma | Xiaokang Wang | Tian Tian | Chih-Che Tai | Dezhi Chen | Sijun Wang
Source: Materials (article, 2025-11-21)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Study of Winding Short Circuit Characteristics Under Different Insulation Material Temperatures in Transformers The short-circuit tolerance capability of a transformer is a key performance indicator for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power system. As the core component of the transformer, the mechanical stability of the windings under the huge electromagnetic force generated by the short-circuit current directly determines the short-circuit tolerance capability of the transformer. Most current research focuses on the coupling analysis of electromagnetic fields and structural fields, while ignoring the influence of temperature, a crucial variable, on the mechanical properties of the winding materials. Therefore, this study conducted tests on the transformer winding conductors, insulating materials, and silicon steel sheet materials under different temperatures, and provided a mathematical model and variation rules of elastic modulus with temperature and the B-H curves of silicon steel sheets at different temperatures. Based on this, a calculation method considering the short-circuit force of the transformer winding under different temperatures of the transformer components was proposed. This method enables precise calculations of the transformer's mechanics under different temperatures and shows the distribution of leakage magnetic field, short-circuit force, and displacement of the winding under different transformer component temperatures. Finally, the Random Forest algorithm was used to estimate the short-circuit displacement of the transformer winding under different transformer component temperatures, and a short-circuit displacement prediction model based on temperature and impact frequency was provided. This offers a new method for evaluating the short-circuit capacity of the transformer. The feasibility of the calculation method was verified using a 750 kV transformer. Transformer ; Electromagnetic coil ; Rotary variable differential transformer ; Distribution transformer ; Energy efficient transformer ; Delta-wye transformer ; Leakage inductance ; Linear variable differential transformer ; Current transformer Magnetic Properties and Applications ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation ; Thermal Analysis in Power Transmission
Authors: Rahul Shrivastava | Bhoomika Jhariya
Source: International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research (article, 2025-06-30)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Detection of Heavy Metals in Milk Products: A Study Milk and milk products are the most significant part of our daily dietary requirements. Therefore, this study aims to determine and quantify heavy metals present in different milk product samples. Heavy metals ; Environmental chemistry ; Environmental science ; Chemistry Heavy Metals in Plants
Authors: Paraskevi Karousi | Maria Voumvouraki | Panagiota Nikolaou | J. G. Kollias | Foteini Paradeisi | Elena Sampanai | Vasiliki Gkalea | Ioannis Morianos | Jérôme Zoidakis | Efstathios Kastritis | Νikolaos S. Τhomaidis | Guillaume Médard | Julie Courraud
Source: PROTEOMICS (article, 2025-10-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Easy Proteomics Sample Preparation: Technical Repeatability and Workflow Optimization Across 8 Biological Matrices in a New Core Facility Setting Bottom-up proteomics relies on efficient and repeatable sample preparation for accurate protein identification and precise quantification. This study evaluates the performance of adapted SPEED (Sample Preparation by Easy Extraction and Digestion) protocol, a simplified, detergent-free approach tailored for various biological matrices, including lysis-resistant samples. Protein extraction and denaturation steps were refined for 8 biological matrices enabling standardized, cheap, and scalable proteomics analysis on 96-well plates. For tissue samples requiring downstream applications like Western blotting, we used a low-detergent RIPA buffer. Notably, the protocols demonstrate remarkable down-scalability, enabling robust proteomics measurements from as few as 3000 cells per sample for preparation and even down to 300 cells per LC-MS/MS analysis. Key advancements include a 30-min nanoLC-MS/MS run, achieving a 15-20 samples-per-day throughput, and leveraging the power of diaPASEF using thoroughly optimized DIA-windows to enhance proteome coverage. These adaptations streamline workflows, enabling proteomics analyses in matrices with challenging physical and biochemical properties. This study underscores the importance of early-stage optimization and feasibility testing in proteomics pipelines to inform study design and sample selection. By showcasing robust, scalable adaptations of the SPEED protocol, we provide a foundation for reproducible, high-throughput proteomic studies across diverse biological contexts. Proteomics ; Workflow ; Proteome ; Scalability ; Sample (material) ; Identification (biology) ; Sample preparation ; Quantitative proteomics Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Analytical chemistry methods development
Authors: Luisa Schmidt | Philipp Antczak | Marcus Krüger
Source: STAR Protocols (article, 2025-01-20)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Protocol for generating protein profiles and distance-based network analysis of murine tissue slices We introduce a protocol for spatial proteomics using thin cryotome sections of mouse skeletal muscle tissue. We describe steps for preparing muscle sections and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses to generate spatial protein profiles along the longitudinal skeletal muscle axis. We detail procedures for scanning longitudinal protein profiles and replacing missing data using a sliding window approach. This protocol has potential for applications in spatial proteomics to other tissues with asymmetric patterns such as the brain and heart tissue. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Schmidt et al.<sup>1</sup>. Protocol (science) ; Computer science ; Computational biology ; Computer network ; Biology ; Medicine ; Pathology Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks ; Gene expression and cancer classification
Authors: S. J. Magorrian | Anas Siddiqui | Nicholas D. M. Hine
Source: Physical Review Materials (article, 2025-01-14)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Strong atomic reconstruction in twisted bilayers of highly flexible InSe: Machine-learned interatomic potential and continuum model approaches The relaxation of atomic positions to their optimal structural arrangement is crucial for understanding the emergence of new physical behavior in long scale superstructures in twisted bilayers of two-dimensional materials. The amount of deviation from a rigid moiré structure will depend on the elastic properties of the constituent monolayers which, for the twisted bilayer, the more flexible the monolayers are, the lower the energy required to deform the layers to maximize the areas with an energetically optimal interlayer arrangement of atoms. We investigate this atomic reconstruction for twisted bilayers of highly flexible InSe. Results using two methods are demonstrated: first we train a machine-learned interatomic potential (MLIP) to enable fully atomistic relaxations of small-twist-angle large-length-scale moiré supercells while retaining density functional theory (DFT) level accuracy. We find substantial out-of-plane corrugation and in-plane domain formation for a wide range of twist angles and moiré length scales. We then adapt an existing continuum approach and show that it can reproduce some, but not all, features of the fully atomistic calculations. Materials science ; Interatomic potential ; Nanotechnology ; Engineering physics ; Molecular dynamics ; Computational chemistry ; Engineering Machine Learning in Materials Science ; 2D Materials and Applications ; Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides
Authors: Wenyi Ma | Huolei Feng | Yushan Ni
Source: Journal of Applied Physics (article, 2025-11-21)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Dual-function convective sensor in porous media Traditional convective metamaterials typically focus exclusively on cloaking functionality, limiting their applicability. Here, we propose a dual-function convective sensor embedded in porous materials that can achieve both detecting and cloaking functions. The device ensures accurate sensing by preserving the internal core consistent with the background, while simultaneously suppressing external disturbances to achieve cloaking. Through the analytical framework of scattering cancellation, the design enables coordinated tuning of both permeability and thermal conductivity in forced convection. Numerical analyses confirm that the sensor retains stable performance across different conditions within the theoretical framework. We also suggest potential fabrication strategies, such as micro-structured designs combined with additive manufacturing. This dual-function approach significantly broadens the scope of applications for convective metamaterial and opens pathways for innovations such as lab-on-chip devices and thermal control systems. Cloaking ; Metamaterial ; Convection ; Porous medium ; Fabrication ; Thermal ; Scattering ; Thermal conductivity Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies ; Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing
Authors: Saeed Alsaadi | Michał Drewniok
Source: White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Comparative Analysis of Global Standards in Accelerated Carbonation Testing of Concrete Carbonation is one of the major causes of steel reinforcement corrosion, affecting the durability of concrete. Natural carbonation is a very long process; therefore, to predict the development of concrete carbonation, standards prescribe accelerated carbonation tests, in which specimens are exposed to carbon dioxide (CO₂) in a controlled environment. Although based on the same principle, global standards differ in methodology, e.g., different CO₂ concentrations, relative humidity or size of the specimens. Results of these tests might not be comparable with each other, and therefore, it is difficult to conclude which methodology most accurately predicts long-term carbonation. This diversity in standards highlights the need to study and compare them to identify similarities, differences, and the reasons behind these variations in accelerated carbonation tests worldwide. In this study, 12 standards from various regions were examined for differences in key parameters. Significant variations were found, largely due to climatic differences and testing objectives. A correlation was observed between CO₂ concentration and specimen surface area, and the study also noted that standards specifying higher CO₂ concentrations tend to have shorter test durations compared to those with lower CO₂ concentrations, aiming to accelerate the testing process. The study found that the ISO standard is applicable across diverse climatic conditions, as its flexible temperature and humidity ranges allow adjustment to local environments within the ISO limits. Carbonation ; Carbonatation ; Production (economics) ; Standardization Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies ; Concrete and Cement Materials Research ; Concrete Corrosion and Durability
Authors: Indriyati Kamil
Source: Journal of Information Systems Engineering & Management (article, 2025-01-24)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Influence Stakeholder Communication Towards Sustainability Handling Waste Young Coconuts in West Java Research This aiming analyze influence stakeholder communication regarding sustainability Handling waste coconut young people in Bandung, Ciamis, and Tasikmalaya. With approach quantitative and methods survey against 300 respondents, research This identify influence verbal, non-verbal, visual and digital communication towards effectiveness management waste. Analysis using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) model shows that all over form communication own influence significant to effectiveness management waste. Visual communication provides contribution highest (44.8%), followed by non-verbal communication (39.2%), verbal (38.6%), and digital (21.4%). The Q-Square result of 0.360 indicates that this model explains 36% of the variance effectiveness management waste, he stressed importance approach holistic communication. Recommendations study This covers integration of communication strategies that include all form communication For strengthen coordination between government, industry, and society, as well as increase awareness and involvement in the management program waste sustainable. With Thus, research This give outlook strategic for policy management effective waste in West Java. Sustainability ; Java ; Business ; Stakeholder ; Environmental resource management ; Process management ; Environmental planning ; Computer science ; Geography ; Environmental science ; Political science ; Operating system ; Ecology ; Public relations ; Biology Coconut Research and Applications ; Agricultural and Environmental Management
Authors: Irene Tagliaro | Daniele Pontoriero | Federica Marelli | Diana Olimpo | Raffaele D’Amico | Laura Cipolla | Maria Luisa Tutino | Maria Michela Corsaro | Ermenegilda Parrilli | Angela Casillo | Carlo Antonini
Source: BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Ice adhesion on polysaccharide materials from psychrophilic bacteria Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are carbohydrate biopolymers produced by microorganisms and secreted into their environment to aid survival. EPS from psychrophilic bacteria (bacteria that adapted to living below zero) were found to counteract various environmental stresses associated with freezing temperatures. Together with AFP, EPS production is an alternative strategy for survival in hostile conditions of subzero temperatures. Given the great structural complexity of EPS, only a few EPS from psychrophilic bacteria with cryoprotective properties were fully characterized. A notable example is Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H, which has been previously shown to produce two types of EPS with cryoprotective properties [1]. These findings open intriguing opportunities to develop materials based on Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H EPS for exploring the potential of low ice adhesion materials with applications in energy systems and aeronautics. In our work, we successfully cultured Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H using two different cultivation techniques (batch and bioreactor methods). The EPS were then isolated through subsequent separation processes. EPS were deposited as monolayers onto glass slides but also incorporated into agar-based hydrogels (figure 1). These materials were assessed for their icephobic characteristics, particularly focusing on their capacity to reduce ice adhesion. Although the de-icing performance still requires refinement, the results of this study present a promising new approach to developing biotechnological materials with icephobic properties. Psychrophile ; Bacteria ; Bioreactor ; Polysaccharide ; Adhesion ; Microorganism Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity ; Polar Research and Ecology ; Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
Authors: J.B. Starrett | S.M. Iveson | K.P. Galvin
Source: ChemRxiv (preprint, 2025-02-14)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Empirical Evidence for Fermi-Dirac Classification of Minerals by Particle Size In mineral processing, partition curves are used to describe the probability of a particle of a given size or density reporting to the overflow or the underflow stream. One simple descriptor is the Rosin-Rammler (Weibull) functional form, based on a sharpness parameter, alpha. An alternative descriptor was introduced by Scott and Napier-Munn (1992) based on the Whiten equation expressed in terms of the Ecart Probable, Ep. This paper examines the Fermi-Dirac distribution (Fermi, 1926; Dirac, 1926) used in quantum mechanics, identifying for the first time its equivalence to the simplified Whiten equation. Fermions are quantum particles that must choose between two electron spin states, exhibiting a probability that varies with a chemical potential difference. We see an analogy with the particle size classification of an efficient separator in terms of the probability of a particle reporting to either the overflow or the underflow. The particle size classification data from Starrett and Galvin (2023), produced using the REFLUX™ Classifier, provided powerful empirical evidence supporting the application of the simplified Whiten equation (Fermi-Dirac distribution) over the commonly used Rosin-Rammler function. The raw data adhered to the distribution over a range of ±5Ep. Dirac (video compression format) ; Empirical evidence ; Particle size ; Particle (ecology) ; Condensed matter physics ; Physics ; Geology ; Quantum mechanics ; Philosophy ; Epistemology ; Paleontology ; Oceanography X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography ; High-pressure geophysics and materials ; Crystallography and Radiation Phenomena
Authors: Marie Frederikke Garnæs | Rie Beck Olin | Pernille Rose Jensen | Jan Henrik Ardenkjær‐Larsen | Kristoffer H. Madsen | Lars G. Hanson
Source: NMR in Biomedicine (article, 2025-10-11)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Optimal Variable Flip Angle Schemes for Hyperpolarized MR Kinetic Modeling Robust to RF Field Variations Hyperpolarized carbon-13 magnetic resonance has enabled the real-time observation of biochemical pathways in living cellular systems. Pharmacokinetic modeling of such experiments provides estimates of conversion rates between metabolites, which, in turn, can be used to distinguish between healthy and diseased tissues, for example. This work focuses on choosing time-varying flip angle schemes that minimize the uncertainty of model parameter estimates by maximizing the Fisher information while taking into account B<sub>1</sub> field strength variation by incorporating an assumed prior distribution. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated that the optimized variable flip angle (VFA) schemes provided less uncertain model parameter estimates compared to an optimized constant flip angle (CFA) scheme. Furthermore, the parameter estimation improvement using optimized VFA schemes proved robust over a range of underlying parameters. It was shown that estimation of the B<sub>1</sub> field strength from the measurements is essential to avoid inaccurate parameter estimates from VFA schemes. These may result from violated assumptions about the accuracy of prescribed flip angles. In vitro experiments validated the unidirectional enzyme-driven conversion model used for demonstration of the optimization methods. Semi-synthetic data generated through Monte Carlo simulations helped demonstrate the superiority of optimized VFA schemes over an optimized CFA scheme. We conclude that sampling using an optimized VFA scheme and including B<sub>1</sub> as a fitted parameter improves the uncertainties of model parameters as here exemplified by hyperpolarized NMR. Monte Carlo method ; Flip angle ; Range (aeronautics) ; Field (mathematics) ; Estimation theory ; Variable (mathematics) ; Fisher information Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications ; Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications ; Electron Spin Resonance Studies
Authors: Huixin Wei | Mingjian Chen | Shibin Wang | Zhiyong Wang | Baopeng Liao | Zehui Lin | Lisha He | Wei He
Source: Applied Sciences (article, 2025-06-17)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Study on the Wrinkling Mechanisms of Human Skin Based on the Digital Image Correlation and Facial Action Coding System Facial wrinkles are a key indicator of aging and hold significant importance in skincare, cosmetics, and cosmetology. Their formation is closely linked to mechanical deformation, yet the underlying processes remain complex. This study integrates the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) with three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) to dynamically capture and quantitatively analyze skin deformation during facial expression. Principal strains and their orientation are introduced as important parameters to investigate the relationship between mechanical behavior and wrinkle formation. To further explore these interactions, a four-layer finite element (FE) model incorporating a muscle layer is developed, simulating muscle contraction and its influence on skin deformation. The findings provide a mechanobiological framework for understanding wrinkle formation and may inspire the development of strain-sensitive sensors for real-time detection of microstructural deformations. Facial Action Coding System ; Digital image correlation ; Computer science ; Correlation ; Computer vision ; Artificial intelligence ; Mathematics ; Facial expression ; Physics ; Geometry ; Optics Textile materials and evaluations
Authors: Xingshuo Cui | Dan Liu | Borui Wu | Hui-yong Zeng | Yueyi Qin | Guoteng Ren | Guangming Wang | Tong Cai
Source: Materials (article, 2025-12-19)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Image Matching Algorithm-Driven Multi-Beam Customized Meta-Device Achieving the multi-beam directional manipulation of electromagnetic waves and energy management of each beam has important application value in fields such as satellite communications. Existing methods for realizing multi-beam formation and energy distribution using metasurfaces have problems such as slow optimization speeds and low design accuracies. To break through this design bottleneck, a new design paradigm is proposed that introduces a 2D image matching algorithm into the design process of metasurfaces for multi-beam energy management. By using 2D grayscale images to characterize the far-field patterns generated by the metasurface array and the expected multi-beams, a wavefront characterization and matching optimization model driven by 2D grayscale images is established, ultimately achieving the customized design of beam position, intensity, and sidelobe constraints. The fully customized beam metasurface constructed using this method generates multiple <i>y</i>-polarized reflected directional beams under an <i>x</i>-polarized wave incidence, and the beam energy distribution ratio can be customized as expected. Both the simulation and test results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. This method provides a new design idea for metasurface devices for multi-beam energy management. The meta-device has potential applications in satellite communications, holography, biomolecular detection, and radar systems. This device can also enhance the capacity of wireless communication. Grayscale ; Wavefront ; Energy (signal processing) ; Radar ; Matching (statistics) ; Beam (structure) ; Process (computing) ; Engineering design process Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies