jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Lin Jian Wen | Mohd Shahrimie Mohd Asaari | Stijn Dhondt
Source: Pertanika journal of science & technology (article, 2023-05-24)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Spectral Correction and Dimensionality Reduction of Hyperspectral Images for Plant Water Stress Assessment Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) is one of the emerging techniques used in plant phenotyping as it carries abundant information and is non-invasive to plants. However, factors like illumination effect and high-dimensional spectral features need to be solved to attain higher accuracy of plant trait analysis. This research explored and analysed spectral normalisation and dimensionality reduction methods. The focus of this paper is twofold; the first objective was to explore the Standard Normal Variate (SNV), Least Absolute Deviations (L1) and Least Squares (L2) normalisation for spectral correction. The second objective was to explore the feasibility of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Analysis of Variance Fisher’s Test (ANOVA F-test) for spectral dimensionality reduction in spectral discriminative modelling. The analysis techniques were validated with HSI data of maise plants for early detection of water deficit stress response. Results showed that SNV performed the best among the three normalisation methods. Besides, ANOVA F-test outperformed PCA for the band selection method as it improved the trait assessment on the water deficit response of maise plants. Hyperspectral imaging ; Principal component analysis ; Dimensionality reduction ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Mathematics ; Discriminative model ; Artificial intelligence ; Statistics ; Computer science Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Remote Sensing in Agriculture ; Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement
Authors: Lei Dong | Ling Zhao | Lei Tian | Wenjun Zhao | Chan Xiong | Yu Zheng
Source: International Journal of Molecular Sciences (article, 2023-11-27)
Field: Chemistry — Electrochemistry

AsHC 360 Exposure Influence on Epileptiform Discharges in Hippocampus of Infantile Male Rats In Vitro Arsenic-containing hydrocarbons (AsHCs) are typical arsenolipids found in various marine organisms. They can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, specifically affecting synaptic plasticity and the learning and memory ability of hippocampal neurons. Temporal lobe epilepsy often occurs in the hippocampus. Thus, the possible influence of AsHCs exposure to temporal lobe epilepsy garnered attention. The present study investigated the effects of epileptiform discharges (EDs) signals introduced by low-magnesium ACSF in the hippocampus of infantile male rats in vitro, using electrophysiological techniques with multi-electrode arrays under AsHC 360 exposure. In our study of the effects of AsHC 360 on EDs signals, we found that inter-ictal discharges (IIDs) were not significantly impacted. When AsHC 360 was removed, any minor effects observed were reversed. However, when we examined the impact of AsHC 360 on ictal discharges (IDs), distinct patterns emerged based on the concentration levels. For low-concentration groups (5, 20, 60 μg As L<sup>-1</sup>), both the frequency and duration effects on IDs returned to normal post-elimination of AsHC 360. However, this recovery was not evident for concentrations of 100 μg As L<sup>-1</sup> or higher. IDs were only observed in EDs signals during exposures to AsHC 360 concentrations up to 60 μg As L<sup>-1</sup>. In these conditions, ID frequencies significantly enhanced with the increased of AsHC 360 concentration. At high concentrations of AsHC 360 (≥100 μg As L<sup>-1</sup>), the transition from IIDs or pre-ictal discharges (PIDs) to IDs was notably inhibited. Additional study on co-exposure of AsHC 360 (100 μg As L<sup>-1</sup>) and agonist (10 nM (S)-(-)-Bay-K-8644) indicated that the regulation of EDs signals under AsHC 360 exposure could be due to directly interference with the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) expression which influences the binding of excitatory glutamate neurotransmitter to AMPAR. The results suggest that EDs activities in the hippocampus of infantile Sprague Dawley rats are concentration-dependent on AsHC 360 exposure. Thus, it provides a basis for the seafood intake with AsHCs for epileptic patients and those with potential seizures. Ictal ; Hippocampal formation ; Hippocampus ; Epilepsy ; Electrophysiology ; Temporal lobe ; Chemistry ; Neuroscience ; Internal medicine ; Endocrinology ; Biology ; Medicine Electrochemical Analysis and Applications ; Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity ; Trace Elements in Health
Authors: Easa AliAbbasi | Anil Akseki | Azmat Ullah | Kerem Pekkan
Source: HardwareX (article, 2023-05-26)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Tension controlled hollow-fiber winding machine for blood oxygenator prototypes Blood oxygenators involve a complex network of hollow fibers for efficient gas exchange with blood. The optimal microstructural arrangement of these fibers is an ongoing research interest. While the fiber systems of commercial oxygenators are manufactured to address mass production, the research oxygenator prototypes demand more flexibility so that different design parameters can be tested. Here a hollow-fiber assembly system is designed and built for winding research grade extracorporeal blood oxygenator mandrels at different layout dimensions so that these different configurations can be evaluated for mass transfer capacity and blood damage. The hardware design and manufacturing details of this system presented together with its impact on the prototype oxygenator device assembly process. This in-house built system can wind thin fibers, having outer diameters ranging from 100 μm to 1 mm, at any specified winding angle continuously. A control system for fiber stress is also incorporated to eliminate fiber damage. Our system consists of three main units: (1) unwinding, (2) accumulator, and (3) winding systems, integrated together via the control software. The unwinding unit has a PID controller to maintain the position of the accumulator motor on the reference point by tuning the velocity of feeding fibers to the accumulator unit. Another PID controller preserves the desired tension value of the fibers by adjusting the position of the accumulator motor. Desired tension value is defined by the user and typically obtained through uniaxial testing of fibers. The control unit employs a "cascaded" PID controller since the PID controller in the accumulator unit maintains the tension and the PID controller in the unwinding unit controls the position of the accumulator motor. Finally, the winding unit utilizes two motors to wind the fibers over the outer diameter of a mandrel at the desired winding angle. The first motor drives the translational movement, and the second one provides mandrel rotation. The desired angles are achieved by tuning the synchronous movement of the winding motors. While the system is designed to produce assembled blood oxygenator mandrel prototypes, this concept is also applicable for producing cylindrical fiber-reinforced composite materials with specified fiber angles and stents winded on jigs. Accumulator (cryptography) ; PID controller ; Oxygenator ; Fiber ; Control system ; Computer science ; Mechanical engineering ; Materials science ; Engineering ; Temperature control ; Composite material ; Electrical engineering Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications ; Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices ; Cardiac and Coronary Surgery Techniques
Authors: Julia Liebert | Adam Yanis Chaou | Christian Schilling
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-01-24)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Refining and relating fundamentals of functional theory To advance the foundation of one-particle reduced density matrix functional theory (1RDMFT) we refine and relate some of its fundamental features and underlying concepts. We define by concise means the scope of a 1RDMFT, identify its possible natural variables and explain how symmetries could be exploited. In particular, for systems with time-reversal symmetry, we explain why there exist six equivalent universal functionals, prove concise relations among them and conclude that the important notion of $v$-representability is relative to the scope and choice of variable. All these fundamental concepts are then comprehensively discussed and illustrated for the Hubbard dimer and its generalization to arbitrary pair interactions $W$. For this, we derive by analytical means the pure and ensemble functionals with respect to both the real- and complex-valued Hilbert space. The comparison of various functionals allows us to solve the underlying $v$-representability problems analytically and the dependence of its solution on the pair interaction is demonstrated. Intriguingly, the gradient of each universal functional is found to always diverge repulsively on the boundary of the domain. In that sense, this key finding emphasizes the universal character of the fermionic exchange force, recently discovered and proven in the context of translationally-invariant one-band lattice models. Generalization ; Invariant (physics) ; Mathematics ; Von Neumann architecture ; Lattice (music) ; Scope (computer science) ; Homogeneous space ; Theoretical physics ; Statistical physics ; Pure mathematics ; Computer science ; Physics ; Mathematical analysis Inorganic Fluorides and Related Compounds ; Crystal Structures and Properties ; Inorganic Chemistry and Materials
Authors: Johanna Thiery | Matthias Fahrner
Source:  (preprint, 2023-07-25)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Integration of proteomics in the molecular tumor board Cancer remains one of the most complex and challenging diseases in mankind. To address the need for a personalized treatment approach for particularly complex tumor cases, molecular tumor boards (MTBs) have been initiated. MTBs are interdisciplinary teams that perform in-depth molecular diagnostics to cooperatively and interdisciplinarily advise on the best therapeutic strategy. Current routine molecular diagnostics are routinely performed on the transcriptomic and genomic levels, aiming for the identification of tumor-driving mutations. However, these approaches can only partially capture the actual phenotype as well as the molecular key players of tumor growth and progression. Thus, direct investigation of the expressed proteins and activated signaling pathways provide complementary information on the tumor-driving molecular characteristics of the tissue. Technological advancements in mass-spectrometry-based proteomics enable the robust, rapid, and sensitive detection of thousands of proteins in minimal sample amounts, paving the way for clinical proteomics and the probing of oncogenic signaling activity. Therefore, proteomics is currently being integrated into molecular diagnostics within MTBs and holds promising potential in aiding tumor classification and identifying personalized treatment strategies. This review gives an introduction to MTBs and describes current state-of-the-art clinical proteomics, its potential in precision oncology, and highlights the benefits of multi-omic data integration. Proteomics ; Computational biology ; Precision oncology ; Identification (biology) ; Personalized medicine ; Molecular diagnostics ; Genomics ; Transcriptome ; Molecular pathology ; Bioinformatics ; Biology ; Cancer ; Computer science ; Gene ; Genome ; Genetics ; Gene expression Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways ; Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
Authors: Yury Tyukalov
Source: E3S Web of Conferences (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Calculation of a fiber–reinforced concrete specimen based on the orthotropic model The calculation of fiber-reinforced concrete is performed by the finite element method using the stresses approximations. The solution is based on the additional energy functional. The nodes equilibrium equations are obtained using the possible displacements principle. To take into account the nonlinearity of concrete deformations, an orthotropic model is used in the plane case. The solution of the nonlinear problem is performed by the method of variable elasticity parameters. The paper gives a calculation result of a tension specimen. Orthotropic material ; Nonlinear system ; Finite element method ; Structural engineering ; Elasticity (physics) ; Tension (geology) ; Free energy principle ; Materials science ; Plane stress ; Mathematics ; Composite material ; Engineering ; Physics ; Ultimate tensile strength Structural mechanics and materials ; Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials ; Engineering and Agricultural Innovations
Authors: S.P. Bielykh | L. Lucchetti | Victor Reshetnyak
Source: Preprints.org (preprint, 2023-06-27)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Photoaligned Tunable Liquid Crystal Lenses with Parabolic Phase Profile We present a theoretical modeling of a cylindrical tunable liquid crystal lens based on the modulation of the anchoring energy. This latter can be easily obtained by means of photoaligning techniques. The liquid crystal cell we propose exhibits strong anchoring at the top substrate and an anchoring energy with parabolic profile at the bottom substrate. The model describes the dependence of the focal length on the applied voltage and presents a theoretical study of lens aberrations. The results obtained are of general relevance and can be used to optimize the performances of every kind of liquid crystal lens with parabolic profile. Liquid crystal ; Anchoring ; Lens (geology) ; Optics ; Materials science ; Substrate (aquarium) ; Phase (matter) ; Modulation (music) ; Crystal (programming language) ; Phase modulation ; Voltage ; Energy (signal processing) ; Optoelectronics ; Physics ; Computer science ; Acoustics ; Engineering Liquid Crystal Research Advancements ; Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies ; Advanced optical system design
Authors: Sandra Lamas | Daniela Ruano | Francisco Dias | Maria Filomena Barreiro | José Alberto Pereira | António M. Peres | Nuno Rodrigues
Source: Chemistry & Biodiversity (article, 2023-12-18)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Application of the FTIR technique as a non‐invasive tool to discriminate Portuguese olive oils with Protected Designation of Origin Three Portuguese olive oils with PDO ('Azeite do Alentejo Interior', 'Azeites da Beira Interior' and 'Azeite de Trás-os-Montes') were studied considering their physicochemical quality, antioxidant capacity, oxidative stability, total phenols content, gustatory sensory sensations and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. All oils fulfilled the legal thresholds of EVOOs and the PDO's specifications. Olive oils from 'Azeite da Beira Interior' and 'Azeite de Trás-os-Montes' showed greater total phenols contents and antioxidant capacities, while 'Azeites da Beira Interior' presented higher oxidative stabilities. Linear discriminant models were developed using FTIR spectra (transmittance and the 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> derivatives), allowing the correct identification of the oils' PDO (100 % sensitivity and specificity, repeated K-fold-CV). This study also revealed that multiple linear regression models, based on FTIR transmittance data, could predict the sweet, bitter, and pungent intensities of the PDO oils (R<sup>2</sup> ≥0.979±0.016; RMSE≤0.26±0.05, repeated K-fold-CV). This demonstrates the potential of using FTIR as a non-destructive technique for authenticating oils with PDO. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Phenols ; Food science ; Olive oil ; Linear discriminant analysis ; Antioxidant capacity ; Antioxidant ; Organic chemistry ; Mathematics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Edible Oils Quality and Analysis ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
Authors: Zemeng Chen | Xinliang Cao | Xianglin Li | Boan Pan | Pengbo Wang | Ting Li
Source: Preprints.org (preprint, 2023-12-26)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

A novel approach of evaluating crosstalk for near-infrared spectrometers Multi-channel and multi-parameter near-infrared spectrometers (NIRS) have gradually become a new research direction and hot spot due to their ability to provide real-time, continuous, comprehensive indicators of multiple parameters. However, multi-channel and multi-parameter detection may lead to crosstalk between signals. There is still a lack of benchmarks on the evaluation of reliability, sensitivity, stability and response consistency of the NIRS instrument. In this study, a set of test methods (the ink drop test, multi-channel crosstalk test and multi-parameter crosstalk test) for analysis crosstalk and verifying the reliability of NIRS were conducted to test experimental verification on a multi-channel (8-channel), multi-parameter (4-parameter) NIRS instrument independently developed by our team. Results show that these tests can be used to analyze the signal crosstalk and verify the reliability, sensitivity, stability and response consistency in the NIRS instrument. This study contributes to the establishment of benchmarks for the NIRS instrument crosstalk and reliability testing. These novel tests have the potential to become the benchmark for the NIRS instrument reliability testing. Crosstalk ; Computer science ; Electronic engineering ; Reliability engineering ; Channel (broadcasting) ; Engineering ; Telecommunications Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Authors: Lucas Eduardo de Oliveira Aparecido | Guilherme Botega Torsoni | Rafael Fausto de Lima | Daniel Zimmermann Mesquita | Pedro Maranha Peche
Source: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture (article, 2023-12-14)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Agroclimatic mapping for olive cultivation in <scp>Brazil</scp>: pinpointing optimal growing regions Results indicated that only 1.92% of the analyzed area, mainly in Minas Gerais, was suitable for olive cultivation. High temperatures and low rainfall in Brazil, particularly in the North and Midwest, make 59.56% of the country unsuitable for olive farming. Additionally, 18.58% of the land, mainly in the Northeast, faces challenges due to extreme heat (T_w) and insufficient water supply. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. Agriculture ; Environmental science ; Air temperature ; Precipitation ; Olea ; Climate change ; Zoning ; Diversification (marketing strategy) ; Geography ; Horticulture ; Biology ; Meteorology ; Ecology Edible Oils Quality and Analysis ; Horticultural and Viticultural Research ; Remote Sensing in Agriculture
Authors: Naseer Mohammad | Sengodan Saravanan | Fatima Shirin
Source: Scientia Forestalis (article, 2023-02-08)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Heartwood-Sapwood-Bark profiles and association studies in Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb., a vulnerable antidiabetic forestry species of sub- tropical forest ABSTRACT Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. is a multipurpose forestry species of the sub-tropical region of the Indian subcontinent and its heartwood is known for excellent antidiabetic properties. However, due to unsustainable extraction, its populations are dwindling in natural ranges. In the present investigation, we studied the variations of heartwood and related characters in populations sampled from central India. For this, we sampled populations from different sites falling in mixed and sal forest of the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Adaptive cluster sampling was followed for selection of study sites. Wood core samples were extracted at breast height using a Haglof three-thread increment borer. For each core, we measured bark thickness, sapwood thickness, heartwood diameter (cm), bark (%), sapwood (%), heartwood (%), sapwood area, heartwood area, sapwood area to heartwood area ratio and cross-sectional area. The analysis revealed that bark thickness ranged from 1.0 – 3.6 cm with an average of 2.21 cm; sapwood thickness from 2.0 – 12.0 cm with an average of 6.16 cm; heartwood diameter from 7.29 – 102.19 cm with an average of 36.77 cm. Bark, sapwood and heartwood percentages at breast height ranged from 1.37-31.9%, 1.96-45.97%, 39.23-96.68% with a mean value of 6.34%, 17.80% and 75.86%, respectively. Sapwood area, heartwood area and cross section area at breast height was also estimated and these parameters ranged from 39.76–1043 cm², 41.68–8197.6 cm² and 161.2–9476.5 cm², respectively. Despite its vulnerable status, P. marsupium populations recorded high variations for heartwood and related parameters. Correlation and path coefficient analysis revealed that bark (%), sapwood (%) and cross-sectional area are the most significant characters having a bearing on the heartwood percentage and could be utilised for selection, improvement and exploitation of heartwood. Bark (sound) ; Forestry ; Tropical forest ; Botany ; Biology ; Geography ; Ecology Wood and Agarwood Research ; Forest ecology and management ; Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
Authors: qiuxia zhang | Wenkai Liu | Hebing Zhang | Wang Xinsheng | Shouchen Ma
Source: Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Inversion of soil properties with hyperspectral reflectance in construction areas of high-standard farmland ABSTRACT High-standard farmland construction is an important process that can enhance food security and accelerate new-style modernization agriculture. Hyperspectral remote sensing can provide data and technical support for this type of construction to provide a reference when optimizing high-standard farmland construction areas. This study was performed in Xinzheng City, the primary grain-producing areas in Henan Province. Field sampling and indoor hyperspectral spectroscopy (350~2500 nm) were combined; spectral transformations such as continuum removal (CR) were performed after Savitzky‒Golay (SG) convolution smoothing; and the best hyperspectral bands were selected as the common index of the soil properties by correlation analysis and fuzzy clustering maximum tree. A hyperspectral inversion model was built for the panel data model of the fixed effect variable coefficient based on the ordinary least squares estimation method (OLS), including panel data describing pH, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, chromium, cadmium, zinc, copper, and lead of 116 samples in Xinzheng City. Results show that the panel data model is of good quality overall, and the goodness of fit is higher ( R 2 = 0.9991, F = 2195.67). The precision test results indicate that the models performed well at both description and prediction, including accurate quantification, with an RPD above 2.5. Thus, the proposed model provides an important basis for soil information management, resource evaluation, and a reference when optimizing high-standard farmland construction processes. Hyperspectral imaging ; Environmental science ; Partial least squares regression ; Inversion (geology) ; Remote sensing ; Correlation coefficient ; Mathematics ; Soil science ; Statistics ; Geography ; Geology Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Remote Sensing in Agriculture ; Remote-Sensing Image Classification