jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Rachid Belrhiti‐Nejjar | Manuel Zahn | Patrice Limelette | M. K. Haas | Lucile Féger | Isabelle Monot‐Laffez | Nicolas Horny | Dennis Meier | Fabien Giovannelli | Jan Schultheiß | Guillaume F. Nataf
Source: ArXiv.org (preprint, 2025-04-22)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

Domain-wall driven suppression of thermal conductivity in a ferroelectric polycrystal A common strategy for reducing thermal conductivity of polycrystalline systems is to increase the number of grain boundaries. Indeed, grain boundaries enhance the probability of phonon scattering events, which has been applied to control the thermal transport in a wide range of materials, including hard metals, diamond, oxides and 2D systems such as graphene. Here, we report the opposite behavior in improper ferroelectric ErMnO3 polycrystals, where the thermal conductivity decreases with increasing grain size. We attribute this unusual relationship between heat transport and microstructure to phonon scattering at ferroelectric domain walls. The domain walls are more densely packed in larger grains, leading to an inversion of the classical grain-boundary-dominated transport behavior. Our findings open additional avenues for microstructural engineering of materials for thermoelectric and thermal management applications, enabling simultaneous control over mechanical, electronic, and thermal properties. Thermal conductivity ; Grain boundary ; Crystallite ; Ferroelectricity ; Scattering ; Phonon ; Thermal conduction ; Phonon scattering Material Properties and Applications ; Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials ; Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies
Authors: Mohammad Arif | Yash Pratap Singh Rana
Source: International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Recent Advances in Nanotechnology for the Treatment of Ocular Diseases Nanotechnology ; Medicine ; Materials science Advanced Nanomaterials in Catalysis ; Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics ; Corneal Surgery and Treatments
Authors: Timothy C. Wong | Igor V. Timoshkin | S.J. MacGregor | M.J. Given
Source:  (preprint, 2025-01-03)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Characteristics of Impulse-driven Surface Flashover across Polymers with Different Surface Conditions Power-centric research conducted in the past few decades has identified many influencing factors that affect and contribute to the development of high voltage surface flashover. Among them, the surface condition—morphology, roughness, and texture—is one such physical characteristic of gas-solid interfaces that is believed to be exploitable, relatively inexpensively, as a method to improve surface flashover strength. High voltage pulsed power systems and equipment face similar challenges, but there presently exists limited literature focused on impulse-driven flashover and the effects of surface roughness. In this work, the impulsive flashover strengths of five polymers relevant to pulsed power system design (PVC, Delrin, Ultem, Torlon, Perspex) are reported under two different (∼20 nanosecond and ∼100 microsecond risetime) impulse waveforms in atmospheric air. Samples of different surface conditions— “as received” and “machined”—were subjected to flashover tests, complemented with surface profilometry measurements to evaluate the effects of various roughness characteristics on the impulse-driven breakdown strengths and times-to-breakdown. The results obtained indicate a general enhancement of the impulsive flashover strength with increased roughness with a corresponding prolongation of the time-to-breakdown. Rougher “machined” surfaces were therefore found to outperform the smoother “as received” surfaces. A correlation analysis between the measured surface roughness parameters and the breakdown data suggests that the short-wavelength components of the surface profile contributes more towards the enhancement of the flashover strength compared to longer-wavelength “waviness” components. The consistency of this result with the theory of increased streamer path length and streamer inhibition is discussed, as are the potential consequences to insulator surface modification for flashover mitigation. Materials science ; Arc flash ; Surface roughness ; Profilometer ; Surface finish ; Impulse (physics) ; Waviness ; Nanosecond ; Composite material ; Voltage ; Insulator (electricity) ; Optics ; Electrical engineering ; Engineering High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation
Authors: Emine Tenekecigil | İshak Afşin Kari̇per
Source: Discover Psychology (article, 2025-11-21)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A new concept: nanophobia Nanotechnology is now present in every part of our lives. It is used everywhere, from nano-cancer drugs to technological devices. The widespread use of nanotechnology products, such as innovative drugs, cleaners, and cosmetics, has raised concerns about their possible impairments on health. Social media pumps the fear that nanoparticles can take over the control of the human body. The concept of nanophobia, which expresses extreme anxiety against nano-drugs, nanoparticles, and all other nanotechnology products, is frequently mentioned concerning this technology. This study investigates whether nanophobia exists. The source of nanophobia, its relationship with different phobias, the review of studies involving this fear, the rationale of nanophobes, the diagnosis/treatment of nanophobia, and predictions are discussed and supported by the literature. As a result, it was concluded that the invisibility of nanomaterials and their target-oriented structures makes people nervous. The idea of nanobots moving within the body forms the basis of nanophobia. The concerns of people who claim to have nanophobia are unfounded in today’s nanoworld; however, there is scientific evidence for situations that can cause anxiety in the future. Researchers were suggested to develop scales for diagnosing nanophobia and focus on treatment in light of this information. Invisibility ; Focus (optics) ; Anxiety ; Control (management) ; Intervention (counseling) Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; Nanotechnology research and applications ; Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks
Authors: Y Li | Justin B. Nice | Marya Kozinova | Stephanie Y. Adachi | Linda Marbán | Kristi Elliott | Meiyan Sun
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2025-09-20)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

A Novel In Vitro Potency Assay Demonstrating the Anti-Fibrotic Mechanism of Action of CDCs in Deramiocel Abstract Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by progressive skeletal and cardiac muscle degeneration driven by inflammation and fibrosis, ultimately leading to cardiomyopathy and premature death. Deramiocel, an allogeneic cell therapy composed of cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs), has demonstrated potent anti-fibrotic and immunomodulatory effects in preclinical models and clinical trials, including HOPE-2 and its open-label extension (HOPE-2 OLE), where Deramiocel treatment significantly attenuated progression of skeletal and cardiac muscle dysfunction. Here, we describe the development of a novel in vitro potency assay to quantify the anti-fibrotic activity of Deramiocel. Conditioned media (CM) from multiple Deramiocel manufacturing lots significantly suppressed expression of collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) and collagen type III alpha 1 (COL3A1) in primary human dermal fibroblasts compared with non-conditioned media controls, establishing a robust, reproducible readout of anti-fibrotic activity. The effect was dose-dependent and abrogated by sequential depletion of exosomes and soluble proteins, implicating both as critical mediators of Deramiocel’s mechanism of action. Importantly, CDCs in deramiocel lots classified as potent by this assay were shown to exert a clinically meaningful benefit in DMD patients in the HOPE-2 and HOPE-2 OLE studies. This assay represents a mechanistically informative, therapeutically relevant, reproducible, scalable, and regulatory-compliant approach for assessing Deramiocel potency, enabling consistent manufacturing and facilitating the continued development of Deramiocel as a disease-modifying therapy for DMD. In vitro ; Skeletal muscle ; Inflammation ; Mechanism of action ; Duchenne muscular dystrophy ; Muscular dystrophy ; Mechanism (biology) ; Potency ; Myocyte Synthesis and biological activity ; Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Authors: Morteza Mahmoudi | Seyed M. Sadeghi | Kun Li | Yifan Yue | Reyhane Tabatabaeian Nimavard | Shaun Grumelot | Amir Ata Saei | Hojatollah Vali | Xiaowen Liu | Liangliang Sun | Fei Fang
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2025-09-16)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Integrated top-down and bottom-up mass spectrometry enables precise characterization of proteoforms and their post-translational modifications within the protein corona Proteomics ; Corona (planetary geology) ; Characterization (materials science) ; Proteome ; Context (archaeology) ; Mass spectrometry Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Enzyme Structure and Function
Authors: Aezeden Mohamed
Source: SHS Web of Conferences (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

A Novel Approach to Enhance Efficiency and Productivity in Papua New Guinea Using an Automatic Coconut Punching Machine The world demand for coconut products is increasing, thus a need for efficient and cost effective processing solutions has arisen. Thus, we have developed an automatic coconut punching machine with key advanced technologies to revolutionize the coconut processing industry in Papua New Guinea. Automated punching not only improves efficiency but significantly improves productivity by 400% versus old manual methods and lowers labor costs. The aim of this machine is to accommodate for local and industrial production, so that it is flexible and can be used for different sized tools. This paper focuses on operational challenges of machine development and implementation phases including technical adjustments so that machine can function optimally. A comparison shows the superiority of the automated system compared to conventional methods in respect of speed, consistency and cost efficiency. Furthermore, experimental results also suggest that the machine is useful not only to increase productivity but also maintain the quality of punched coconuts at the level required by the industry and consumer expectation.The automated coconut punching machine is a predominant technological achievement in Papua New Guinea's coconut processing industry which could be adapted elsewhere to other areas of the world where coconuts are produced. This innovation addresses key challenges of the sector, reducing the manual labour and increasing output to spur sustainable development and increasing global competitiveness. New guinea ; Punching ; Productivity ; Manufacturing engineering ; Agricultural engineering ; Computer science ; Engineering ; Economics ; Mechanical engineering ; History ; Economic growth ; Ethnology Coconut Research and Applications ; Advanced Battery Technologies Research ; Innovation and Socioeconomic Development
Authors: Giuseppe Spoto
Source: Przegląd Prawa Rolnego (article, 2025-06-30)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Antinomies and contradictions in the use of nanotechnology in agribusiness The development of new nanomaterial technologies and research into nanoparticles has an impact on many areas, including agriculture and food production. Despite growing interest in nanomaterials, a comprehensive and clear regulatory framework on the subject remains lacking. Regarding their application in food preparation, novel food regulations are key; however, there are some contradictions due to different licensing regimes. For example, titanium dioxide is considered hazardous to health when used as a food additive, yet it continues to be used in drug preparation. This contradiction is explained by the fact that controls and regulations for substances used in food and medicines differ. Research in the broad field of nanotechnology and nanoparticles is closely connected with the debate on the relationship between science, technology and law, as it requires constant updates on issues such as sustainability, responsibility and freedom. The author hopes for greater harmonisation in the dialogue between scientists and jurists in this area, following the model offered in the 1970s by the Asilomar Conference, which increased civil society’s interest in research. It is crucial to avoid ideological barriers and the regulatory bans that often accompany new experiments. Such bans are often driven by unfounded collective fears and political motivations rather than scientific evidence, resulting in bans that are both inexplicable and unreasonable and which only hinder scientific progress. Agribusiness ; Nanotechnology ; Geography ; Materials science ; Agriculture ; Archaeology Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; Nanotechnology research and applications ; Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications
Authors: Laiba Javed | Atiq Ur Rahman | Aliya Tariq | Shahzeera Begum | Mohammed Asif | Hafiz Ullah
Source: Journal of medical & health sciences review. (article, 2025-10-02)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

&lt;b&gt;CINNAMON OIL-LOADED MgO/CuO NANOCOMPOSITE: A POTENTIAL ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT AGAINST MULTI DRUG RESISTANT BACTERIA&lt;/b&gt; Addressing wound infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, a critical public health issue exacerbated by rising antibiotic resistance, necessitates innovative treatments. Essential oils (EOs) and biologically synthesized nanocomposites are emerging as promising, natural, and nanotechnological alternatives to synthetic antibiotics. Essential oils provide broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects through their bioactive compounds, while nanocomposites enhance drug delivery, improve bioavailability, and combat resistance by targeting pathogens more effectively. This study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activity of an Essential Oil-loaded MgO/CuO nanocomposite against clinical isolates of gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coli obtained from wound infections. The Essential Oil-loaded MgO/CuO nanocomposite was prepared using a previously established protocol. Its antibacterial efficacy was assessed dose-dependently using the agar well diffusion method to determine zones of inhibition and the broth dilution method to establish the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Data analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism. The nanocomposite demonstrated significant dose-dependent antibacterial activity. Notably, MRSA exhibited a large zone of inhibition (15 × 17 mm) at a 100 μL concentration, and E. coli showed an even larger zone (20 × 22 mm) at the same concentration. MIC and Colony Forming Unit (CFU) analysis confirmed a complete growth inhibition of both E. coli and MRSA at a very low concentration of 0.2 μL/mL, validating the potent antibacterial effect of the cinnamon oil-loaded CuO/MgO nanocomposite against multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains isolated from wound infections. In conclusion, this research highlights the potent antibacterial activity of the Essential Oil-loaded MgO/CuO nanocomposite against both the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and the Gram-negative E. coli. These results suggest a strong potential for this nanocomposite as an effective, sustainable alternative to conventional antibiotics for combating wound infections and addressing the challenge of antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial ; Antibacterial activity ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Minimum inhibitory concentration ; Antibiotics ; Agar diffusion test ; Agar Dilution Method ; Agar dilution Magnesium Oxide Properties and Applications
Authors: Iasmina-Alexandra Predescu | Iulia Pînzaru
Source:  (article, 2025-09-16)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Design and Evaluation of Advanced Nanocarriers for Targeted Delivery of Antitumor Agents: From Physicochemical Characterization to Preclinical Validation The continuous evolution of nanotechnology has led to the development of innovative strategies for cancer treatment, particularly through nanosystems designed to deliver antitumor agents in a targeted and efficient manner [...] Nanocarriers ; Targeted drug delivery ; Cancer therapy ; Drug delivery ; Cancer ; Cancer treatment Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications ; Synthesis of Tetrazole Derivatives
Authors: Paniz Noormohammady | Mahdi Rahaie | Ehsan Shokri
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2025-11-10)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A Silver Nanocluster-Based DNA Biosensor for Dual miRNA Biomarkers Detection in Breast Cancer Biosensor ; Breast cancer ; DNA ; Fluorescence ; microRNA ; Nanoclusters ; Detection limit Nanocluster Synthesis and Applications ; Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques ; Advanced Nanomaterials in Catalysis
Authors: S. Adal | Salih Çepni | Turar Akylbekova | Aibat Ibraimov | Xiaoli Dong | D. Tlesbaeva | Zhanar Korganbaeva
Source: Science education international (article, 2025-12-30)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Enhancing Research Skills in Chemistry Education via Integrated Project and Inquiry-Based Learning in a STEM Context This study examines the effectiveness of an integrated project-based learning (PjBL) and inquiry-based learning (IBL) framework in enhancing research competencies and laboratory literacy among undergraduate chemistry students in Kazakhstan. Traditional laboratory instruction in the region remains predominantly procedural, offering limited opportunities for authentic scientific inquiry. To bridge this gap, a research-oriented instructional module was implemented with 18 2nd-year chemistry students using a mixed-methods design grounded in constructivist learning theory. Over a 6 weeks analytical chemistry laboratory program, participants engaged in hypothesis formulation, experimental planning, ultraviolet spectrophotometric analysis of caffeine content in coffee, data interpretation, and presentation of findings. Research skill development was evaluated using pre- and post-intervention surveys, structured questionnaires, and a five-point analytical rubric assessing six dimensions: literature review, hypothesis formulation, experimental execution, statistical data processing, scientific report writing, and oral presentation. Statistical analyses showed significant improvements across all dimensions (paired t-test, p &lt; 0.05), with normalized gain (N-Gain) values ranging from 0.48 to 0.61, indicating moderate to high learning gains. The largest improvement was recorded in scientific report writing (mean increase of 1.76 points; 85.6% relative gain). Qualitative feedback further revealed strengthened inquiry skills, increased independence, improved collaborative problem-solving, and greater confidence in scientific communication. Overall, the findings demonstrate that integrating PjBL and IBL substantially enhances students’ research competence and analytical capabilities. The proposed instructional model provides a scalable and replicable framework for fostering active learning and preparing research-oriented graduates in higher STEM education. Rubric ; Competence (human resources) ; Scientific literacy ; Context (archaeology) ; Science education ; Multimethodology ; Chemistry education ; Teaching method ; Qualitative property ; Qualitative research ; Instructional design Various Chemistry Research Topics ; Science Education and Pedagogy ; Innovative Teaching Methods
Authors: Min Zhang | H. J. Di | Shuaiwei Wang | Ning Zhuo
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology (article, 2025-10-22)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Column experiment reveals high natural attenuation potential for toluene in iron-rich aquifers but significant concomitant secondary Fe pollution risk Results demonstrated that iron-reducing consortia (notably Thiobacillus and Pseudomonas) drove > 99% toluene degradation within 10 cm flow distance, effectively containing plume migration. However, Fe(III) reduction generated Fe(II) predominantly (98%) as immobile solid-phase minerals, with only 1%-2% manifesting as dissolved Fe<sup>2+</sup>. This dissolved fraction accumulated progressively across space and time, exceeding China's groundwater quality threshold (0.3 mg/L) at 90% of monitoring points by experiment termination despite near-complete toluene removal. The study confirms that iron-rich aquifers provide significant natural attenuation capacity for petroleum hydrocarbons but concurrently pose substantial secondary contamination risks through highly mobile Fe<sup>2+</sup> generation. Therefore, it is recommended to include solidphase ferrous iron [Fe(II)] as an indicator in natural attenuation assessments and to take into account biogeochemical by-products such as Fe<sup>2+</sup> in risk assessment efforts. Aquifer ; Toluene ; Plume ; Groundwater ; Pollution ; Contamination ; Biogeochemical cycle ; Ferrous Radioactive element chemistry and processing ; Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis ; Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry
Authors: Taku Kasai | Gabriel Shlayen | Yuto Nakamura | Masanori Aikawa | Sasha A. Singh
Source: Frontiers in Chemical Biology (article, 2025-12-05)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

An evaluation of high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry coupled to electron-transfer/higher-energy collision dissociation for ADP-ribosylation proteomics Objective ADP-ribosylation plays an important role in many cellular processes. Our previous work implemented field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) and in-source collision-induced dissociation (CID) on the quadrupole-Orbitrap to increase ADP-ribosyl peptide yield and acceptor site confidence of higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD)-dependent ADP-ribosyl peptide identifications. In this study, we evaluated whether FAIMS on the quadrupole-ion trap-Orbitrap also improves electron-transfer/higher-energy collision dissociation (EThcD)-dependent ADP-ribosyl peptide sequencing. Methods ADP-ribosyl peptides derived from THP-1 cells were analyzed on the Fusion Lumos fronted with a FAIMS Pro device. ADP-ribosyl peptides were sequenced using either HCD or EThcD and annotated using the SEQUEST-HT algorithm and RiboMaP, an annotation tool specific for ADP-ribosylated peptide spectra. Results HCD-dependent ADP-ribosyl peptide identifications were enriched at higher compensation voltages than those that used EThcD. The net number of unique ADP-ribosyl and non-ADP-ribosyl (contaminant) peptides across compensation voltages increased by 4.1- and 4.0-fold, respectively, for HCD, and 2.0- and 4.1-fold, respectively, for EThcD, compared to no FAIMS. We also confirmed that while multiple injections of peptides employing distinct compensation voltages maximized the number of EThcD-dependent ADP-ribosyl peptide identifications, their associated XCorr and p-series scores decreased. The most frequent ADP-ribosyl acceptor site was lysine, followed by serine. The proportion of ADP-ribosylated serine sites increased when THP-1 cells were activated with interferon γ (IFN-γ). Conclusion Although FAIMS increases the EThcD-dependent sequencing depth of ADP-ribosyl peptides, the gains are less than when using HCD. The ability to filter out doubly charged contaminant peptides at increasingly higher negative compensation voltages benefits HCD but not EThcD because this dissociation method works optimally with highly charged peptides, non-ADP-ribosyl and ADP-ribosyl alike. Peptide ; Ion-mobility spectrometry ; Dissociation (chemistry) ; Mass spectrometry ; Ion ; Collision-induced dissociation ; Acceptor ; Proteomics Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms ; Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications