jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Ming-Ling Lee | Jin‐Chung Shih | Jia‐Jie Jhang | Lin‐Sin Lu | Shu‐Ting Yang | Pin-En Chiu | Yu-Sheng Tsai | YewChung Sermon Wu | Chin‐Chi Cheng | Hsiang Chen | Jung Han
Source: IEEE Access (article, 2022-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Fabrication and Characterizations of PbZr<sub>x</sub>Ti<sub>1-x</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (PZT) Ultrasonic Sensing Chips PbZr<sub>x</sub>Ti<sub>1-x</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (PZT) ultrasonic sensing chips were fabricated by ball milling, electrical discharge and spraying on iron sheets. Various PZT growth conditions, including the thickness of the iron sheet and the coating layers, were investigated. Ultrasonic sensing measurements indicated that PZT chips of sufficient thickness and with 6 or 9 coating layers exhibited ultrasonic sensing capability. Further, multiple material and electrical characterizations revealed that while sufficient thickness and low leakage were required, uniform growth of the film and a grain size of approximately 150 nm were preferable for ultrasonic sensing. Their compact size, rapid response, and low cost make PZT-based ultrasonic sensors promising for future ultrasonic detection application. Materials science ; Ultrasonic sensor ; Fabrication ; Coating ; Grain size ; Composite material ; Acoustics Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials ; Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies ; Multiferroics and related materials
Authors: Nafi Ananda Utama | Ririn Ernawati | Putrika Citta Pramesi
Source: Journal of Horticultural Research (article, 2022-06-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

The Improvement of Tomato Shelf Life using Chitosan and Starfruit Leaf Extract as Edible Coatings Abstract Due to the high degree of perishability and vulnerability to spoilage, tomatoes have limited marketability, which leads to extensive postharvest losses. The edible coatings are generally used to extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables; therefore, this study investigated the use of chitosan and starfruit leaf extract (SFLE) in the composition of edible coatings for tomato fruit. Firmness, total titratable acidity, reducing sugar content and microbial load were measured every 5 days for 25 days. The results showed that the addition of SLFE to chitosan did not enhance the antimicrobial effect or firmness over the effects made by a separate use of chitosan and SFLE. Both components improved the shelf life of tomato fruits compared to untreated tomatoes. Postharvest ; Titratable acid ; Shelf life ; Food spoilage ; Sugar ; Chitosan ; Horticulture ; Food science ; Chemistry ; Biology ; Botany Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging ; Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life Management ; Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies
Authors: Iqbal Syaichurrozi | Jayanudin Jayanudin | Listiyani Nurwindya Sari | Anellysha Putri Apriantika
Source: Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan (article, 2022-11-14)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Comparison of Alum and Poly Aluminium Chloride at Various Doses in Coagulation Process on Color Removal of Palm Oil Mill Effluent The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of the type and dose of coagulants on the color removal of POME through the coagulation process. The coagulants used in this study were alum and poly aluminium chloride (PAC). The dose of coagulants was varied to 2, 4, 6, and 8 g/L. The results of this study showed that the optimum dose for coagulant of alum was 6 g/L and the optimum dose for coagulant of PAC was 8 g/L, in which these doses resulted in color removal efficiencies of 80.65±10.30% and 94.12±1.00%, respectively. The PAC coagulant was more effective than the alum coagulant. The kinetic models used to predict the color removal efficiencies were the first- and second-order kinetic models. Based on the kinetic analysis, the MAPE of the first and second-order kinetic models was 9.17-28.28% and 5.48-21.62%, respectively. It means that the second-order kinetic model can predict with higher accuracy than the first-order kinetic model. By the second order kinetic model, the reaction kinetic constant of the coagulation process at alum coagulant of 6/L and PAC coagulant of 0.021 and 0.057 /min, respectively. Alum ; Coagulation ; Chemistry ; Aluminium sulfate ; Aluminium ; Chloride ; Pulp and paper industry ; Kinetic energy ; Chromatography ; Nuclear chemistry ; Aluminium chloride ; Organic chemistry Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
Authors: Keivan Esfarjani | Yuan Liang
Source: Entropy (review, 2022-11-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Lattice Dynamics of Anharmonic Systems In this review, motivated by the recent interest in high-temperature materials, we review our recent progress in theories of lattice dynamics in and out of equilibrium. To investigate thermodynamic properties of anharmonic crystals, the self-consistent phonon theory was developed, mainly in the 1960s, for rare gas atoms and quantum crystals. We have extended this theory to investigate the properties of the equilibrium state of a crystal, including its unit cell shape and size, atomic positions and lattice dynamical properties. Using the equation-of-motion method combined with the fluctuation-dissipation theorem and the Donsker-Furutsu-Novikov (DFN) theorem, this approach was also extended to investigate the non-equilibrium case where there is heat flow across a junction or an interface. The formalism is a classical one and therefore valid at high temperatures. Anharmonicity ; Formalism (music) ; Statistical physics ; Phonon ; Physics ; Lattice (music) ; Thermodynamic equilibrium ; Quantum ; Non-equilibrium thermodynamics ; Classical mechanics ; Condensed matter physics ; Quantum mechanics Thermal properties of materials ; High-pressure geophysics and materials ; Thermal Expansion and Ionic Conductivity
Authors: Omar López-Estrada | Jorge L. Torres-Moreno | Bernardo Zúñiga-Gutiérrez | Patrizia Calaminici | Sami Malola | Andreas M. Köster | Hannu Häkkinen
Source: Nanoscale (article, 2022-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

<sup>1</sup>H NMR global diatropicity in copper hydride complexes Understanding the magnetic response of electrons in nanoclusters is essential to interpret their NMR spectra thereby providing guidelines for their synthesis towards various target applications. Here, we consider two copper hydride clusters that have applications in hydrogen storage and release under standard temperature and pressure. Through Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations, we study dynamics effects and their contributions to the NMR peaks. Finally, we examine the electrons' magnetic response to an applied external magnetic field using the gauge-including magnetically induced currents theory. Local diatropic currents are generated in both clusters but an interesting global diatropic current also appears. This diatropic current has contributions from three μ<sub>3</sub>-H hydrides and six Cu atoms that form a chain together with three S atoms from the closest ligands resulting in a higher shielding of these hydrides' <sup>1</sup>H NMR response. This explains the unusual upfield chemical shift compared to the common downfield shift in similarly coordinated hydrides both observed in previous experimental reports. Hydride ; Copper ; Nanoclusters ; Electromagnetic shielding ; Electron ; Proton NMR ; Chemical shift ; Hydrogen ; Materials science ; Chemical physics ; Chemistry ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Physical chemistry ; Physics ; Nanotechnology ; Quantum mechanics ; Organic chemistry Nanocluster Synthesis and Applications ; Advanced Chemical Physics Studies ; Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications
Authors: Pavel Topolyansky | С. А. Ермаков | Andrey Topolyansky
Source: Voronezh Scientific-Technical Bulletin (article, 2022-02-02)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

ADHESION CHARACTERISTICS OF THIN FILM COATING DEPOSITED AT FINAL PLASMA HARDENING The methodology for determining adhesion characteristics of thin-film coatings applied from the vapor phase and used to protect parts against wear and corrosion has been considered. The study of adhesion properties, along with deter-mination of thickness, composition of elements, structure, physical-mechanical, and tribological characteristics, as well as wear coefficient, al-lows evaluating and selecting the optimal coat-ing and best technology for its application for a specific industrial application. On the example of studying DLCPateks diamond-like coating of aC:H/a-SiOCN system deposited during final plasma hardening, adhesion characteristics were assessed according to ISO 20502:2005 by scratch testing and according to ISO 26443:2008 by indentation of Rockwell diamond indenter. The first tests were performed to determine the load at which the depth of penetration of the indenter into the coating - substrate composition stops growing smoothly, which characterizes the moment of destruction of the coating. The ratio of the load on the indenter, determined at the end of the passage of the coating thickness, to the load of occurrence of the first cracks or delamination, in these tests is conventionally called the adhesion coefficient. The influence of the coating thickness on the adhesion coefficient has been studied. The tests associated with the use of a Rockwell diamond indenter punch qualitatively evaluate the adhesion properties of the coating by comparing the obtained and normalized impressions. The results of the tests proved improved adhesion characteristics of DLCPateks coating. Materials science ; Coating ; Composite material ; Tribology ; Hardening (computing) ; Adhesion ; Diamond ; Paint adhesion testing ; Indentation ; Rockwell scale ; Delamination (geology) ; Penetration (warfare) ; Layer (electronics) Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; Metal and Thin Film Mechanics ; Advanced materials and composites
Authors: Huade Mao | Yue Yu | Yu‐Xuan Ren | Ka‐Hou Chan | Jiqiang Kang | Xiankai Sun | Edmund Y. Lam | Kenneth K. Y. Wong
Source: Advanced Photonics Research (article, 2022-08-28)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Neural Optimizer for Inverse Design of Complex‐Modulated Hologram Implemented by Plasmonic Metasurfaces Inverse design of a metasurface involves searching parameters in a high‐dimensional space, which needs huge computational power. To ease the computational burden, neural network, a well‐researched computer science stream, has demonstrated its potential usage in the inverse design of a photonic device. Many studies primarily focused on the nanostructure's configuration. However, the near field of a metasurface requires further optimization to achieve a desired holographic image at relieved computational power. Here, a convolutional neural network is developed to optimize the complex field of a computer‐generated hologram, which can be fabricated into a metasurface to generate the desired holographic image upon lensless image projection. The neural optimizer can accelerate the design speed 400 times faster than theoretical computation and reduce the time complexity from O( n 4 ) to O( n 2 ). The neural optimizer has been compared against three other methods, e.g., gradient‐based optimization, global genetic algorithm, and coupled‐mode theory, to demonstrate a lowered error rate from more than 10% to 1.38% for the benchmark testing and a reduced running time from hours to near 1 s. The neural optimizer is envisioned to play a key role in lensless image projection and real‐time metasurface pattern design. Computer science ; Holography ; Benchmark (surveying) ; Artificial neural network ; Inverse ; Computational complexity theory ; Convolutional neural network ; Computation ; Projection (relational algebra) ; Field (mathematics) ; Genetic algorithm ; Algorithm ; Artificial intelligence ; Optics ; Mathematics ; Physics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies ; Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics
Authors: A R S Silva da | S.A. Gomes | Isabela Penna Cerávolo | Souza, Marcus Vinícius Dias
Source: Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry (article, 2022-03-25)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Effectiveness of Free and Liposome-Entrapped Antitumoral Drugs against Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comparative In vitro Study Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly prevalent form of liver cancer. Sorafenib is the first-line treatment for patients who are not eligible for surgical procedures. Still, it causes important adverse effects, does not provide symptoms relief, and is marketed at expensive costs. Here we investigated the effectiveness of imatinib, sunitinib, and bortezomib against an in vitro model of HCC. These drugs are less expensive than Sorafenib and are approved for other malignant neoplasia. The drugs were tested as free and liposome-entrapped forms against HepG2 cells. Liposomes were prepared without using organic solvents and were tested for physicochemical stability. Entrapment efficiency was determined by spectrophotometric methods. Liposomes' average size was 238±33 nm, with an average entrapment efficiency of 34.3%. All drugs significantly decreased the viability of HepG2 cells in their free form and liposome-entrapped forms compared to the control. In spite of the low entrapment efficiency, no organic solvent was used in liposomes preparation, and cell viability values after 18h treatments with liposome-entrapped drugs were only surpassed by the highest concentration of free drugs. Our data open doors for more studies to assess the safety of the liposomes in vivo. Liposome ; Sorafenib ; Hepatocellular carcinoma ; Pharmacology ; Medicine ; Viability assay ; Sunitinib ; Chemistry ; In vivo ; Drug ; In vitro ; Cancer ; Cancer research ; Internal medicine ; Biology ; Biochemistry ; Biotechnology Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments ; Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
Authors: Alessandra Biancolillo | Martina Foschi | Angelo Antonio D’Archivio
Source: AppliedChem (article, 2022-12-22)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

E-Eye Solution for the Discrimination of Common and Niche Celery Ecotypes Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is a well- known plant and at the basis of the culinary tradition of different populations. In Italy, several celery ecotypes, presenting unique peculiarities, are grown by small local producers, and they need to be characterized, in order to be protected and safeguarded. The present work aims at developing a fast and non-destructive method for the discrimination of a common celery (the "Elne" celery) from a typical celery of Abruzzo (Central Italy). The proposed strategy is based on the use of an e-eye tool which allows the collection of images used to infer colorgrams. Initially, a principal component analysis model was used to investigate the trends and outliers in the data. Then, the classification between the common celery (Elne class) and celery from Torricella Peligna (Torricella class) was achieved by a discriminant analysis, conducted by sequential preprocessing through orthogonalization (SPORT) and sequential and orthogonalized covariance selection (SO-CovSel) and by a class-modelling method called soft independent modelling of class analogies (SIMCAs). Among these, the highest accuracy was provided by the strategies, based on the discriminant classifiers, both of which provided a total accuracy of 82% in the external validation. Apium graveolens ; Ecotype ; Principal component analysis ; Outlier ; Preprocessor ; Linear discriminant analysis ; Orthogonalization ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Computer science ; Class (philosophy) ; Artificial intelligence ; Mathematics ; Biology ; Botany ; Algorithm Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies ; Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Hiroki Cho | Sho Nagamatsu | Takumi SASAKI
Source: Actuators (article, 2022-03-14)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Study on Buckling Characteristics of a Convex Tape-Shaped Ti-Ni Shape Memory Alloy Element for Application to Passive Vibration Isolator Devices and Force Limit Devices The tape-shaped Ti-Ni shape memory alloy (SMA) shows negative or quasi-zero stiffness during post-buckling deformation, and this characteristic can be applied to passive vibration isolator devices and force limit devices. Design calculation of the buckling load and the negative stiffness gradient after buckling of tape-shaped SMA element are required to apply the SMA element to these devices. When the cross-section of the SMA element is convex tape shaped, an improvement in buckling properties is expected. In this study, the effects of the curvature of the cross-section on the buckling characteristics of convex tape-shaped SMA elements were investigated by the 3D finite element method (3D-FEM) and material testing. The results of the study indicate that the buckling load and negative stiffness gradient of convex tape-shaped SMA elements tend to increase with increasing curvature of the cross-section. Furthermore, when the convex tape-shaped SMA elements buckled in the convex direction of the cross-section, the loading stress was approximately equivalent to that of buckling a flat tape-shaped SMA elements. Therefore, the convex tape-shaped SMA element is considered to be more suitable for device application compared to the flat tape-shaped SMA element, because the buckling characteristics of convex tape-shaped SMA elements can be controlled by adjusting the curvature of the cross-section without changing the dimensions. Buckling ; Curvature ; Materials science ; Shape-memory alloy ; Stiffness ; SMA* ; Structural engineering ; Finite element method ; Cross section (physics) ; Vibration ; Composite material ; Geometry ; Acoustics ; Engineering ; Mathematics ; Physics Shape Memory Alloy Transformations ; Structural Engineering and Vibration Analysis ; Vibration Control and Rheological Fluids
Authors: Noor Syafina Mahamad Jainalabidin | Aqib Fawwaz Mohd Amidon | Nurlaila Ismail | Zakiah Mohd Yusoff | Saıful Nizam Tajuddin | Mohd Nasir Taib
Source: International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences (article, 2022-09-01)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

The k-Nearest Neighbor modelling by varying Mahalanobis and Correlation in distance metric for agarwood oil quality classification Agarwood oil is well known for its unique scent and has many usages; as an incense, as ingredient in perfume, is burnt during religious ceremonies and is used in traditional medical preparation. Therefore, agarwood oil has high demand and is traded at different price based on its quality. Basically, the oil quality is classified by using physical properties (odor and color) and this technique has several problems: not consistent in term of accuracy. Thus, this study presented a new technique to classify the quality of agarwood oil based on chemical properties. The work focused on the k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) modelling by varying Mahalanobis and Correlation in distance metric for agarwood oil quality classification. It involved of 96 samples of agarwood oil, data pre-processing (data randomization, data normalization, and data division to testing and training datasets) and the development of k-NN model. The training dataset is used to train the k-NN model, and the testing dataset is used to test the developed model. During the model development, Mahalanobis and Correlation are varied in k-NN distance metric. The k-NN values are ranging from 1 to 10. Several performance criteria including resubstitution error (closs), cross-validation error (kloss) and accuracy were applied to measure the performance of the built k-NN model. All the analytical work was performed via MATLAB software version R2020a. The result showed that the accuracy of Mahalanobis distance metric has a better performance compared to Correlation from k=1 to k=5 with the value of 100.00%. This finding is important as it proved the capabilities of k-NN modelling in classifying the agarwood oil quality. Not limited to that, it also contributed to the agarwood oil research area as well as its industry. Agarwood ; Mahalanobis distance ; Metric (unit) ; Discriminator ; Mathematics ; Artificial intelligence ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Statistics ; Correlation ; Computer science ; Engineering Wood and Agarwood Research ; Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction ; Forensic Fingerprint Detection Methods
Authors: Àbdulsattar Abdullah Hamad | Mustafa Musa Jaber | Mohammed Altaf Ahmed | Ghaida Muttashar Abdulsahib | Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf | Zelalem Meraf
Source: Advances in Materials Science and Engineering (article, 2022-04-22)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Using Convolutional Neural Networks for Segmentation of Multiple Sclerosis Lesions in 3D Magnetic Resonance Imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging to detect its lesions is used to diagnose multiple sclerosis. Experts usually perform this detection process manually, but there is interest in automating it to speed up the diagnosis and monitoring of this disease. A variety of automatic image segmentation methods have been proposed to quickly detect these lesions. A Gaussian Mixture Model is first constructed to identify outliers in each image. Then, using a set of rules based on expert knowledge of multiple sclerosis lesions, those outliers of the model that do not match the lesions' characteristics are discarded. Furthermore, segmented lesions usually correspond to gray matter-rich brain regions. In some cases, false positives can be detected, but the rules used cannot eliminate all errors without jeopardizing the segmentation’s quality. The second method involves training a convolutional neural network (CNN) that can segment lesions based on a set of training images. This technique can learn a set of filters that, when applied to small sections of an image called “patches,” produce a set of characteristics that can be used to classify each voxel of the image as a lesion or healthy tissue. On the other hand, the results show that the networks are capable of producing results in the worked database comparable to those produced by the algorithms in the literature. Artificial intelligence ; Convolutional neural network ; Computer science ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Segmentation ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; False positive paradox ; Voxel ; Outlier ; Image segmentation ; Computer vision ; Radiology ; Medicine Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases ; Gene expression and cancer classification
Authors: David ROUCOU | Thomas CORRE | Gilles ROLLAND | Veronique LAZARUS
Source: SSRN Electronic Journal (article, 2022-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Effect of the Deposition Direction on Fracture Propagation in a Duplex Stainless Steel Manufactured by Directed Energy Deposition Deposition (geology) ; Materials science ; Duplex (building) ; Metallurgy ; Composite material ; Geology ; Chemistry Fusion materials and technologies ; Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals ; Metal and Thin Film Mechanics