jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Selami Balcı
Source: Thermal Science (article, 2019-10-02)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Thermal behavior of a three phase isolation transformer under load conditions with the finite element analysis Transformers are generally designed to operate under the sinusoidal excitation and the method called classical design method is used in design process. Nevertheless, they have to operate under the partly or fully non-linear excitation because of the increasing amount of the non-linear loads such as rectifiers, electric motor drivers, compact fluorescent lamps, computers, etc. Non-linear loads cause abnormal temperature rise both in the core and in the windings of the transformer which are designed for sinusoidal excitation. Nowadays in the virtual environment provided by the electromagnetic design software, transformers can be easily modeled with the finite element method for any type of non-linear loads or excitations. In this study, 3-D electromagnetic and thermal modeling of the isolation transformer at a certain rated power level have been carried out. Then, the core and the winding temperatures of the transformer have been comparatively reported under the linear and non-linear load conditions. Besides, forced air-cooling method of the transformer has been tested with the CFD. This study has shown that, transformer temperature can be kept in the safe operating region in any type of load by deciding the fan speed providing the required air-flow according to the transformer temperature. Transformer ; Electromagnetic coil ; Finite element method ; Isolation transformer ; Distribution transformer ; Energy efficient transformer ; Delta-wye transformer ; Linear variable differential transformer ; Excitation ; Rotary variable differential transformer ; Thermal ; Computer science ; Voltage ; Electrical engineering ; Materials science ; Engineering ; Structural engineering ; Physics Magnetic Properties and Applications ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation ; Thermal Analysis in Power Transmission
Authors: Will Brown | Satish Perivilli | Doug Podolsky | Erika Stippler | Steven Walfish
Source: Dissolution Technologies (article, 2019-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

The Critical Role of the USP Performance Verification Test in Dissolution Testing and Qualification of the Paddle Apparatus Performance qualification of the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) paddle apparatus (USP apparatus 2), as described in USP General Chapter <711> Dissolution, requires a demonstration of the dissolution behavior of a standard material as well as control of the mechanically measurable parameters of the apparatus. The USP performance verification test (PVT), an integral part of <711>, plays an important role in demonstrating the apparatus suitability and addressing the interlaboratory variability of dissolution results by using a standard procedure and reference standard material. The USP has used a specially formulated tablet containing prednisone in the role of the reference standard material that has been shown to be sensitive without undue variability. This paper describes how the use of the PVT ensures the accuracy of dissolution results by understanding and controlling the variability. This paper provides an overview of the following: the dissolution test; the mechanics of the test and associated hydrodynamics; the PVT reference standard; PVT and mechanical qualification. Paddle ; Dissolution testing ; Reliability engineering ; Dissolution ; Engineering ; Mechanical engineering ; Chemical engineering Crystallization and Solubility Studies ; Fluid Dynamics and Mixing
Authors: Ahmad Fahad Ahmad | Zulkifly Abbas | Hameda Ali Abrass | Kok Yeow You
Source: BioResources (article, 2019-01-18)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Optimum design of a microstrip ring resonator sensor to determine the moisture content in oil palm fruits and seeds Oil palm fresh fruit bunch (OPFFB) is the main export product of the oil palm industry. A good oil palm is between 17 to 18 weeks of age with full fruitless maturity. An automated detection system should be implemented to determine the OPFFB’s maturity and expedite the harvesting process. Various automated detection methods have been proposed for conventional method replacement. In a preliminary study, a new oil palm fruit sensor was proposed for detecting the maturity of OPFFB, and a microstrip ring resonator was designed for determining the moisture content in oil palm fruit. The coaxial feeder of the microstrip ring was a Sub-Miniature A (SMA) stub contact panel with outer and inner conductors of 4.1 mm and 1.3 mm, respectively. The measurement system consisted of a sensor and a PC controlled network analyzer. This system was tested successfully on seeds and fruits of oil palm with various degrees of maturity. The microstrip ring resonator operated between 2.2 and 3 GHz and required low frequency that enabled the electromagnetic field in the first half of the ring resonator to be transferred to the second half and subsequently cause the collinearity of the maximum field points in the feed lines and resonator. Microstrip ; Resonator ; Materials science ; Water content ; Electrical engineering ; Optoelectronics ; Engineering Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Date Palm Research Studies ; Smart Agriculture and AI
Authors: Rachel Yoho | Tanner Foster | Mark Urban‐Lurain | John Merrill | Kevin C. Haudek
Source: Disciplinary and Interdisciplinary Science Education Research (article, 2019-12-01)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Interdisciplinary insights from instructor interviews reconciling “structure and function” in biology, biochemistry, and chemistry through the context of enzyme binding Abstract Structure and function is an essential crosscutting concept in undergraduate STEM education and appears in numerous disciplines and contexts from the introductory to advanced levels. This concept is exemplified by enzyme binding, a topic spanning biology, biochemistry, and chemistry. We interviewed 13 instructors with primary instructional appointments in these fields, focusing on how they think about and also teach structure and function in their courses. We focused on how they define the component terms, “structure” and “function,” their personal learning development, and how they view the interactions among these three disciplines. Overall, we found that context and terminology appear to be key factors in these conversations, as well as in the classroom. These instructors, in reflecting on their own educational development, do not consider that they developed their understanding in an undergraduate classroom. Instead, they focused on research experiences, graduate studies, postdoctoral work, or even, teaching appointments as essential points for their own knowledge. These instructors held strong opinions about interactions among the disciplines, both from the perspectives of cross-talk and what their students experience. These opinions generally center on individual instructors’ opinions of other disciplines, apparent inclination to collaborate on teaching across disciplinary lines, and general preconceptions of other fields. Overall, this work has implications on the path forward for undergraduate teaching and learning of structure and function. Context (archaeology) ; Function (biology) ; Terminology ; Discipline ; Mathematics education ; Psychology ; Chemistry ; Engineering ethics ; Sociology ; Biology ; Engineering ; Genetics Various Chemistry Research Topics ; Science Education and Pedagogy ; Educational Strategies and Epistemologies
Authors: Andrew J. Smith | Kathleen E. Wright | Stephen P. Muench | Sophie Schumann | Adrian Whitehouse | Karen E. Porter | John Colyer
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2019-11-25)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Styrene maleic acid recovers proteins from mammalian cells and tissues while avoiding significant cell death Detection of protein biomarkers is an important tool for medical diagnostics, typically exploiting concentration of particular biomarkers or biomarker release from tissues. We sought to establish whether proteins not normally released by living cells can be extracted without harming cells, with a view to extending this into biomarker harvest for medical diagnosis and other applications. Styrene maleic acid (SMA) is a polymer that extracts nanodiscs of biological membranes (containing membrane proteins) from cells. Hitherto it has been used to harvest SMA-lipid-membrane protein particles (SMALP) for biochemical study, by destroying the living cellular specimen. In this study, we applied SMA at low concentration to human primary cardiovascular cells and rat vascular tissue, to 'biopsy' cell proteins while avoiding significant reductions in cell viability. SMA at 6.25 parts per million harvested proteins from cells and tissues without causing significant release of cytosolic dye (calcein) or reduction in cell viability at 24 and 72 hours post-SMA (MTT assay). A wide range of proteins were recovered (20-200 kDa) and a number identified by mass spectrometry: this confirmed protein recovery from plasma membrane, intracellular membranes and cell cytosol without associated cell death. These data demonstrate the feasibility of non-lethally sampling proteins from cells, greatly extending our sampling capability, which could yield new physiological and/or pathological biomarkers. Viability assay ; Cytosol ; SMA* ; Cell ; Biomarker discovery ; Cell biology ; Biomarker ; Chemistry ; Maleic acid ; Biochemistry ; Membrane protein ; Intracellular ; Membrane ; Proteomics ; Biology ; Enzyme ; Gene Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies ; Ion-surface interactions and analysis
Authors: Mark J. Schulz | Megha Chitranshi | Devika Chauhan | Ashley Kubley | Anuptha Pujari | Chenhao Xu | Daniel Chen | Sumeet Chaudhary | Guangfeng Hou | Gregory Bell | Brooke Brandewie | Rutvik Kaneria | Ronald Hudepohl
Source: Journal of Textile Engineering & Fashion Technology (article, 2019-03-26)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Pioneering carbon nanotube textile engineering &amp; fashion technology This paper describes innovative work in the manufacturing of carbon nanotube (CNT) fabric and tape and how these materials can be used in textiles and fashion apparel. The field of CNT fabric is new and this article discusses the potential commercial impact of CNT fabric, the manufacturing barriers that currently exist, and provides suggestions to push the field towards large scale commercialization. Carbon nanotube ; Textile ; Engineering ; Nanotechnology ; Materials science ; Manufacturing engineering ; Mechanical engineering ; Polymer science ; Composite material Carbon Nanotubes in Composites ; Nanotechnology research and applications ; Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
Authors: Siti Mardhikasari | Ahmad Yunus | Samanhudi Samanhudi
Source: Caraka Tani Journal of Sustainable Agriculture (article, 2019-11-14)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Modification of Media for Banana In Vitro Propagation with Foliar Fertilizer and Coconut Water in cv. Rajabulu The use of foliar fertilizers and coconut water is potential; foliar fertilizer is the alternative medium and coconut water is the plant growth regulator (PGR) in the banana tissue culture. This study aimed to examine the ability of foliar fertilizer to substitute Murashige and Skoog (MS) media and coconut water as the main source of cytokine. There are two factors in this research. The first factor is the media, which consist of three levels, i.e. fully MS, ½ MS + ½ foliar fertilizer and fully foliar fertilizer. The second factor is the coconut water with four levels of concentration i.e. 50, 100, 150 and 200 ml l&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;. The results show that fully formulated foliar fertilizer had not been able to substitute or even compete with a fully MS media, but conversely foliar fertilizer was used to substitute ½ MS media. This can be seen from the parameters of shoot length, leaf length, root number and root length with the highest yield that was found in MS media (8.7, 4.66, 3.33 and 3.23 cm). The 50-100 ml l&lt;sup&gt;-1 &lt;/sup&gt;concentrations of coconut water showed the best results by giving a significant effect on the number of roots and root length. The acclimatization of plantlets in this study was nearly 100%, indicated by the formation of a complete organ. Fertilizer ; Acclimatization ; Shoot ; Horticulture ; Biology ; Agronomy ; Chemistry ; Botany Coconut Research and Applications ; Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques ; Plant Genetic and Mutation Studies
Authors: Sumit Pokhriyal | Somnath Biswas
Source: Applied Surface Science (article, 2019-10-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Effects of structural parameters on the optical and magnetic properties of surface stabilized intrinsic CdSe nanoparticles Wurtzite crystal structure ; Materials science ; Dispersity ; Nanoparticle ; Microstructure ; Ferromagnetism ; Nanotechnology ; Chemical engineering ; Magnetic nanoparticles ; Condensed matter physics ; Composite material ; Zinc ; Metallurgy Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties ; Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films ; Copper-based nanomaterials and applications
Authors: Alberto Ambrosetti | Pier Luigi Silvestrelli
Source: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C (article, 2019-11-27)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Cooperative Effects of N-Doping and Ni(111) Substrate for Enhanced Chemical Reactivity of Graphene: The Case of CO and O<sub>2</sub> Adsorption While pristine graphene (G) is chemically inert, chemical doping is currently regarded as a leading strategy for fine-tuning both G electronic properties and reactivity toward adsorbed species. Following recent experimental work, we demonstrate that deposition of G on Ni(111) and introduction of N-based defects in the G lattice lead to cooperative effects, determining sizeable chemical reactivity toward CO adsorption. CO chemisorption is predicted on pyridinic-, pyrrolic-, and epoxy-like defects generated by N-ion bombardment, compatibly with the experiment. Comparison with O2 adsorption further reveals selective reactivity of the defective system with respect to distinct gaseous moieties, thereby opening new pathways toward high-sensitivity CO sensors and controlled surface chemical reactions. Reactivity (psychology) ; Adsorption ; Graphene ; Chemisorption ; Inert ; Substrate (aquarium) ; Materials science ; Doping ; Chemical reaction ; Inorganic chemistry ; Chemical engineering ; Chemistry ; Photochemistry ; Nanotechnology ; Physical chemistry ; Organic chemistry Graphene research and applications ; Advancements in Battery Materials ; Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication
Authors: Hany A. Elazab | M. A. Radwan | M. A. Sadek
Source: International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (article, 2019-10-30)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Graphene Supported Hexagonal Magnetite for Applications in Catalysis Herein, we report a rapid one-step synthetic method using microwave irradiation for growing magnetite nanocrystals on reduced graphene oxide sheets. This developed strategy allows decorating graphene sheets with magnetite nanocrystals of well-defined morphology as cubes using microwave-driven reduction of iron chloride using hydrazine hydrate as a reducing agent. The size and shape control was achieved via fine-tuning of the reaction conditions. The obtained results demonstrate the applicability of this microwave synthetic approach to control the morphology of the magnetite nanocrystals anchored on graphene sheets. Moreover, graphene sheets will enhance the nucleation and growth of magnetite nanoplates anchored on graphene. This approach can be used as a synthetic tool to synthesize a wide variety of metal and metal oxide architectures on graphene. This approach also provides plenty of advantages like catalyst recyclability, mild reaction conditions, easy separation, reproducibility, and minimization of agglomeration effect that cause the decrease in the catalyst catalytic activity. Graphene ; Materials science ; Magnetite ; Nucleation ; Catalysis ; Oxide ; Nanotechnology ; Nanocrystal ; Hydrazine (antidepressant) ; Chemical engineering ; Reducing agent ; Microwave ; Hydrate ; Metal ; Cordierite ; Composite material ; Ceramic ; Chemistry ; Metallurgy ; Organic chemistry ; Computer science Nanomaterials for catalytic reactions ; Graphene research and applications ; Magnetic Properties and Synthesis of Ferrites
Authors: Tyler D. Jorgenson | Deniz T. Yücesoy | Mehmet Sarıkaya | René M. Overney
Source: Langmuir (article, 2019-12-12)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Thermal Selection of Aqueous Molecular Conformations for Tailored Energetics of Peptide Assemblies at Solid Interfaces Key to the development of functional bioinorganic soft interfaces is the predictive control over the micron-scale assembly structure and energetics of biomolecules at solid interfaces. While assembly of labile biomolecules, such as short peptides, at interfaces is a great deal affected by the shape of the molecule, biomolecular conformations are prompted by external solution conditions, involving temperature, pH, and salt concentration. In this light, one can expect that the environmental conformational selection of aqueous biomolecules could potentially allow for fine-tuning of the equilibrium assembly structure at interfaces, as well as, the binding strength and molecular mobility within these assemblies. Here, we demonstrate the energetic and structural tailoring of two-dimensional surface assemblies of graphite-binding dodecapeptides, through the thermal selection of aqueous peptide conformations. Our findings based on a scanning probe energetic analysis, supplemented by molecular dynamics modeling, show that peptide-graphite and peptide-peptide intermolecular interactions strongly depend on the thermally selected molecular conformation and that the extent of the conformational change is directly related to the observed assembled structure. Enabled by these results was the design of a peptide with predictable binding and assembled structure, thus, suggesting environmental preconditioning of peptides as a means for controlling self-assembling active bioinorganic interfaces for bioelectronic implementations such as biomolecular fuel cells and biosensors. Energetics ; Aqueous solution ; Peptide ; Chemistry ; Selection (genetic algorithm) ; Thermal ; Molecular dynamics ; Nanotechnology ; Materials science ; Chemical physics ; Computational chemistry ; Crystallography ; Physical chemistry ; Thermodynamics ; Biochemistry ; Physics ; Computer science Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials ; Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior ; Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
Authors: Santosh P. Goskulwad | Vishal G. More | Mohammad Al Kobaisi | Rajesh S. Bhosale | Duong Duc La | Frank Antolasic | Sidhanath V. Bhosale | Sheshanath V. Bhosale
Source: ChemistrySelect (article, 2019-03-04)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Solvent‐Induced Self‐Assembly of Naphthalenediimide Conjugated to Tetraphenylethene through D‐ and L‐Alanine Abstract Herein, the synthesis and supramolecular self‐assembly of naphthalenediimide (NDI)‐tetraphenylethene (TPE) conjugates with l‐alanine (coded as: 1 ) and d‐alanine (coded as: 2 ) was investigated. The pair stereoisomer molecules were designed to undergo self‐assembly under solvophobic effects. Mixtures of THF–water was used to fine tune the solvophobic effect leading to microbelt for both 1 and 2 in 40% v/v of THF in H 2 O, while microbelt and particulate microsphere supramolecular structures were observed in 20%, v/v THF in H 2 O. When 10% THF in H 2 O was employed derivative 1 produces belt‐like structures, however, 2 produces microsphere. Less uniformly defined microstructure morphologies of 1 and 2 were formed in THF/hexane and DCM/hexane. The solvophobic effect on self‐assembly further evidenced using UV/Vis, fluorescence, circular dichroism, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopies. DLS used to evaluate formation of assembly in solution, DFT (density functional theory) and TD‐DFT (time dependent density functional theory) molecular modelling support the hypothesis. Scanning electron microscopy used to visualise formation of supramolecular self‐assembled nano‐ and micro‐structures. Solvophobic ; Supramolecular chemistry ; Chemistry ; Density functional theory ; Self-assembly ; Circular dichroism ; Molecule ; Crystallography ; Fluorescence ; Organic chemistry ; Computational chemistry Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials ; Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials ; Polydiacetylene-based materials and applications
Authors: Erik Saparbaev | Vladimir Kopysov | Ruslan D. Yamaletdinov | Aleksandr Y. Pereverzev | Oleg V. Boyarkin
Source: Angewandte Chemie (article, 2019-03-29)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Interplay of H‐Bonds with Aromatics in Isolated Complexes Identifies Isomeric Carbohydrates Abstract The tremendous isomeric diversity of carbohydrates enables a wide range of their biological functions but makes the identification and study of these molecules difficult. We investigated the ability of intermolecular interactions to communicate structural specificity of carbohydrates to protonated aromatic molecules in non‐covalent complexes, isolated and cooled in the gas phase. Our study revealed that small structural differences between carbohydrate isomers of any type, including enantiomers, are accurately communicated by these interactions to aromatic molecules as detectable changes in their electronic excitation spectra. The specific response of the aromatics to the isomers of carbohydrates is fine‐tuned by the interplay of the various involved non‐covalent bonds. These findings enable the gas‐phase identification and relative quantification of any isomers of oligosaccharides in their solution mixtures using the 2D UV‐MS fingerprinting technique. Chemistry ; Molecule ; Covalent bond ; Protonation ; Intermolecular force ; Non-covalent interactions ; Small molecule ; Molecular recognition ; Computational chemistry ; Hydrogen bond ; Organic chemistry ; Biochemistry Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography ; Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques ; Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research