jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Wan‐Ting Chiu | Ryunosuke Hayakawa | Naoki Nohira | Masaki Tahara | Tomonari Inamura | Hideki Hosoda
Source: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A (article, 2024-08-09)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Evaluations of Mechanical Properties and Functionalities of the Al- and Zr-Tailored Ti–5.5Mo Shape Memory Alloys for Biomedical Applications Abstract Due to the critical world population aging issue, biomaterials are important topics in the biomedical community. Among the biomedical materials, shape memory alloys (SMAs) are considered to be promising materials owing to their functionalities, such as shape memory effect (SME) and superelasticity (SE). Ti–Mo–Al-based alloys, which are biocompatible materials, are basic materials in the Ti-based SMAs due to the evaluation of the phase stability through the calculations of Mo and Al equivalents. This study, in addition, introduced Zr into the Ti–Mo–Al-based alloys for its highly biocompatibility and being a fine modifier to tune the phase stability. The mechanical ( i.e. , strength and elongation) and functional ( i.e. , SME and SE) properties have been investigated in this study to reveal the practicability of the biomedical applications for human usage. It was found that addition of Zr to the Ti–Mo alloy shows slight influence on the mechanical properties of the binary Ti–Mo alloy. With the addition of Al, that is, ternary Ti–Mo–Al alloys, two-stage yielding was found in the tensile examinations. Among all the alloys, the Ti–5.5Mo–4Al, the Ti–5.5Mo–4Al–6Zr, and the Ti–5.5Mo–8Al–6Zr (mol pct) alloys performed excellent shape recovery of about 100 pct in the bending and heating tests. Especially, the Ti–5.5Mo–4Al–6Zr and the Ti–5.5Mo–8Al–6Zr alloys further show high strength. Results in this study could be a guideline for the design of the fundamental Ti–Mo–Al-based SMAs. Materials science ; Shape-memory alloy ; Pseudoelasticity ; Biocompatibility ; Alloy ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Ternary operation ; Metallurgy ; Biocompatible material ; Titanium alloy ; Microstructure ; Martensite ; Biomedical engineering Titanium Alloys Microstructure and Properties ; Shape Memory Alloy Transformations ; Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
Authors: Lenize da Silva Rodrigues | Tainara F. Felix | Iael Weissberg Minutentag | Patrícia P. Reis | Matheus Bertanha
Source: International Journal of Molecular Sciences (article, 2024-06-20)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Deciphering Key microRNA Regulated Pathways in Tissue-Engineered Blood Vessels: Implications for Vascular Scaffold Production MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs involved in the regulation of gene expression associated with cell differentiation, proliferation, adhesion, and important biological functions such as inflammation. miRNAs play roles associated with the pathogenesis of chronic degenerative disorders including cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the influence of miRNAs and their target genes can effectively streamline the identification of key biologically active pathways that are important in the development of vascular grafts through the tissue engineering of blood vessels. To determine miRNA expression levels and identify miRNA target genes and pathways with biological roles in scaffolds that have been repopulated with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) generated through tissue engineering for the construction of blood vessels. miRNA quantification assays were performed in triplicate to determine miRNA expression in a total of 20 samples: five controls (natural inferior vena cava), five scaffolds recellularized with ASCs and differentiated into the endothelium (luminal layer), five samples of complete scaffolds seeded with ASCs differentiated into the endothelium (luminal layer) and smooth muscle (extraluminal layer), and five samples of ASC without cell differentiation. Several differentially expressed miRNAs were identified and predicted to modulate target genes with roles in key pathways associated with angiogenesis, vascular system control, and endothelial and smooth muscle regulation, including migration, proliferation, and growth. These findings underscore the involvement of these pathways in the regulatory mechanisms that are essential for vascular scaffold production through tissue engineering. Our research contributes to the knowledge of miRNA-regulated mechanisms, which may impact the design of vascular substitutes, and provide valuable insights for enhancing clinical practice. The molecular pathways regulated by miRNAs in tissue engineering of blood vessels (TEBV) allowed us to elucidate the main phenomena involved in cellular differentiation to constitute a blood vessel, with the main pathways being essential for angiogenesis, cellular differentiation, and differentiation into vascular smooth muscle. microRNA ; Biology ; Angiogenesis ; Cell biology ; Tissue engineering ; Stem cell ; Adipose tissue ; Vascular smooth muscle ; Cell type ; Cell ; Gene ; Cancer research ; Genetics ; Smooth muscle ; Endocrinology Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications ; Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine ; Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
Authors: Laura Matarredona | Basilio Zafrilla | Esther Rubio‐Portillo | Marı́a-José Bonete | Julia Esclapez
Source: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (article, 2024-01-16)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Deepening the knowledge of universal stress proteins in Haloferax mediterranei Haloarchaea, like many other microorganisms, have developed defense mechanisms such as universal stress proteins (USPs) to cope with environmental stresses affecting microbial growth. Despite the wide distribution of these proteins in Archaea, their biochemical characteristics still need to be discovered, and there needs to be more knowledge about them focusing on halophilic Archaea. Therefore, elucidating the role of USPs would provide valuable information to improve future biotechnological applications. Accordingly, transcriptional expression of the 37 annotated USPs in the Haloferax mediterranei genome has been examined under different stress conditions. From a global perspective, finding a clear tendency between particular USPs and specific stress conditions was not possible. Contrary, data analysis indicates that there is a recruitment mechanism of proteins with a similar sequence able to modulate the H. mediterranei growth, accelerating or slowing it, depending on their number. In fact, only three of these USPs were expressed in all the tested conditions, pointing to the cell needing a set of USPs to cope with stress conditions. After analysis of the RNA-Seq data, three differentially expressed USPs were selected and homologously overexpressed. According to the growth data, the overexpression of USPs induces a gain of tolerance in response to stress, as a rule. Therefore, this is the only work that studies all the USPs in an archaeon. It represents a significant first base to continue advancing, not only in this important family of stress proteins but also in the field of biotechnology and, at an industrial level, to improve applications such as designing microorganisms resistant to stress situations. KEY POINTS: • Expression of Haloferax mediterranei USPs has been analyzed in stress conditions. • RNA-seq analysis reveals that most of the USPs in H. mediterranei are downregulated. • Homologous overexpression of USPs results in more stress-tolerant strains. Archaea ; Haloarchaea ; Biology ; Halophile ; Computational biology ; Genetics ; Biotechnology ; Bacteria Enzyme Structure and Function ; Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology ; Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Authors: Johan Bylin | Vassilios Kapaklis | Gunnar K. Pálsson
Source: Journal of Applied Crystallography (article, 2024-08-30)
Field: Materials Science — Ceramics and Composites

Determining pair distribution functions of thin films using laboratory-based X-ray sources This article demonstrates the feasibility of obtaining accurate pair distribution functions of thin amorphous films down to 80 nm, using modern laboratory-based X-ray sources. The pair distribution functions are obtained using a single diffraction scan without the requirement of additional scans of the substrate or of the air. By using a crystalline substrate combined with an oblique scattering geometry, most of the Bragg scattering of the substrate is avoided, rendering the substrate Compton scattering the primary contribution. By utilizing a discriminating energy filter, available in the latest generation of modern detectors, it is demonstrated that the Compton intensity can further be reduced to negligible levels at higher wavevector values. Scattering from the sample holder and the air is minimized by the systematic selection of pixels in the detector image based on the projected detection footprint of the sample and the use of a 3D-printed sample holder. Finally, X-ray optical effects in the absorption factors and the ratios between the Compton intensity of the substrate and film are taken into account by using a theoretical tool that simulates the electric field inside the film and the substrate, which aids in planning both the sample design and the measurement protocol. Optics ; Scattering ; Detector ; Substrate (aquarium) ; Materials science ; Diffraction ; Compton scattering ; Bragg's law ; X-ray ; Thin film ; Optoelectronics ; Physics ; Nanotechnology Glass properties and applications ; X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis ; X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Authors: Daniel Sando | Florian Appert | Oliver Paull | Shintaro Yasui | Dimitrios Bessas | Abdeslem Findiki | Cécile Carrétéro | Vincent Garcia | Brahim Dkhil | A. Barthélémy | Manuel Bibès | J. Juraszek | V. Nagarajan
Source: Advanced Physics Research (article, 2024-08-11)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Finite Size Effects in Antiferromagnetic Highly Strained BiFeO<sub>3</sub> Multiferroic Films Abstract Epitaxially strain‐engineered tetragonal (T)‐like BiFeO 3 (BFO) is a multiferroic material with unique crystallographic and physical properties compared to its bulk rhombohedral parent. While the effect of this structural change on ferroelectric properties is understood, the influence on correlated antiferromagnetic (AFM) properties, especially with reduced film thickness, is less clear. Here, the AFM behavior of T‐like BFO films 9–58 nm thick on LaAlO 3 (001) substrates fabricated by pulsed laser deposition was studied using conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The key findings include: i) Ultrathin T‐like BFO films (&lt;10 nm) show a decoupling of magnetic and structural transitions, with the polar vector tilted 32 degrees from [001] in 9–13 nm films. ii) Films thinner than 13 nm exhibit no structural transition down to 150 K, with a Néel (T N ) transition at ≈290 K, ≈35 K lower than thicker films. Interestingly, the T N scaling with thickness suggests realistic scaling exponents considering a critical correlation length for C‐type AFM order, rather than G‐type. The results show that finite size effects can tailor transition temperatures and modulate AFM wave modes in antiferromagnetic oxides, with implications for AFM spintronics for future information technologies. Antiferromagnetism ; Materials science ; Multiferroics ; Tetragonal crystal system ; Ferroelectricity ; Condensed matter physics ; Spintronics ; Pulsed laser deposition ; Bismuth ferrite ; Thin film ; Epitaxy ; Scaling ; Nanotechnology ; Ferromagnetism ; Crystallography ; Crystal structure ; Optoelectronics ; Layer (electronics) ; Chemistry ; Dielectric ; Physics Multiferroics and related materials ; Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials ; Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials
Authors: Weihua Gu | Fuguo Li | Youchang Cao | Qinchao Gao | Chengzhi Zhuo
Source: Materials (article, 2024-03-27)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Carding Behavior and Bearing Capacity of a Newly Developed Cylinder Card-Clothing Compatible with Cotton and Terylene Fibers by Nb Alloying of AISI 1090 Steel Changing the metallic card clothing on a carding machine is costly when the spinning mills want to card different fibers from cotton to terylene or vice versa. This article proposes a newly developed cylinder card clothing compatible with cotton and terylene fibers by Nb alloying of AISI 1090 steel so that the spinning mills can change the type of fiber without changing the card clothing. Based on an idea developed from classical carding balance theory to study the adaptability of the cylinder card clothing for cotton and terylene fibers, the wall shear stress was used as the basis for compatibility analysis of carding behavior and bearing capacity with cotton and terylene fibers and as the focus of this study. Nb alloying of AISI 1090 steel showed good wear resistance in carding areas after heat treatment with high hardness above 840 Hv<sub>0.2</sub> and extremely fine grain grade of 13.5 class, which increased about 25% compared to conventional 80 WV. The testing results in the spinning mills, including one cotton and two terylene fibers, showed good performance with this newly developed card clothing. In conclusion, the card clothing made of Nb alloying of AISI 1090 steel can handle different fibers with acceptable carding performance. Carding ; Clothing ; Spinning ; Materials science ; Composite material ; Law Textile materials and evaluations ; Mechanical Behavior of Composites ; Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels
Authors: Ayan Sahoo | Joice Mathew | Andrew Battisti | B. Tucker
Source: Sensors (article, 2024-07-20)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Compact Spatial Heterodyne Spectrographs for Future Space-Based Observations: Instrument Modeling and Applications High-resolution spectroscopy employing spatial heterodyne spectrographs (SHS) holds significant promise for forthcoming space missions, building upon its established track record in science applications. Notably, it offers exceptional performance and cost- effectiveness in the ultraviolet-visual (UV-Vis) region compared to contemporary instruments. SHS instruments provide high-resolution capabilities and substantially larger etendues than similar resolving power instruments. This study introduces a comprehensive Python-based SHS model integrated with a user-friendly web scraping interface for target star selection, parameter generation, and 2D interferogram creation. Our SHS model demonstrates double the resolving power of a grating spectrometer and a throughput comparable to a Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) but without moving parts, enhancing robustness for deployment in space. The interferogram processing algorithm includes flat-fielding, bias removal, apodization, and an inverse Fourier transform (IFT) for accurate spectrum retrieval. Despite bandwidth limitations due to resolving power constraints, SHS models excel in applications requiring high spectral resolution over narrow wavelength ranges, such as studying isotopic emission lines. The model provides optimization results and trade-offs for system parameters, ensuring precise spectral recovery with realistic signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values. SHS is versatile and effective for various scientific applications, including investigating atomic and molecular emissions from comets, planetary atmospheres, the Earth's atmosphere, the Sun, and the interstellar medium (ISM). This research significantly contributes to expediting the development and deployment of SHS instruments, demonstrating their potential across numerous scientific domains. Heterodyne (poetry) ; Remote sensing ; Space (punctuation) ; Computer science ; Systems engineering ; Aerospace engineering ; Physics ; Optics ; Engineering ; Geography ; Acoustics ; Operating system Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Atmospheric Ozone and Climate ; Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Authors: Hao Gu | Moeta Tsukamoto | Yuki Nakamura | Shu Nakaharai | Takuya Iwasaki | Kenji Watanabe | Takashi Taniguchi | Shinichi Ogawa | Yukinori Morita | Kento Sasaki | Kensuke Kobayashi
Source: Physical Review Applied (article, 2024-11-12)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Systematic characterization of nanoscale <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"><mml:mi>h</mml:mi></mml:math>-BN quantum sensor spots created by helium-ion microscopy The nanosized boron vacancy (${V}_{\mathrm{B}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) defect spot in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is promising for a local magnetic field quantum sensor. One of its advantages is that a helium-ion microscope can make a spot at any location in an h-BN flake with nanometer accuracy. In this study, we investigate the properties of the created nanosized ${V}_{\mathrm{B}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ defect spots by systematically varying three conditions: the helium-ion dose, the thickness of the h-BN flakes, and the substrate on which the h-BN flakes are attached. The physical background of the results obtained is successfully interpreted using Monte Carlo calculations. From the findings obtained here, a guideline for their optimal creation conditions is obtained to maximize its performance as a quantum sensor concerning sensitivity and localization. Materials science ; Substrate (aquarium) ; Sensitivity (control systems) ; Nanometre ; Cover (algebra) ; Ion ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Nanotechnology ; Physics ; Composite material ; Chemistry ; Quantum mechanics ; Chromatography Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; Graphene research and applications ; Ion-surface interactions and analysis
Authors: Gisele C. Marquardt | Denise C. Bicudo | Carlos E. M. de Bicudo | Marie‐Pierre Ledru | Carlos E. Wetzel
Source: Fottea (article, 2024-03-12)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Ectorea stella gen. et sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta), a cruciform diatom from Quaternary deposits of South America and emended description for E. inflatissima comb. nov. <i>Ectorea stella</i> Marquardt et C.E.Wetzel, gen. et sp. nov., a cruciform 'araphid' diatom is proposed from Quaternary deposits of the ColĂ´nia basin, Southeast Brazil, based on light and scanning electron microscopy observations. Type material of the morphologically most similar species <i>Fragilaria inflatissima</i> Hustedt was also examined and a new combination for the taxon is proposed as well. The new genus diagnostic features include valves strongly inflated transapically, presence of a wide hyaline sternum bordered by spines, inconspicuous striae composed of rounded areolae without volae or rotae and restricted to mantle or to the marginal valve face area, girdle composed of at least one open, narrow, non-perforated band, and the non-fimbriated valvocopula. We further call attention to the lack of structures that are usually observed in araphid diatom representatives, such as the apical pore fields, rimoportula, and mantle silica plaques along the valve mantle edge. Differentiation between species includes valve dimensions and morphology. Furthermore,<i> Ectorea stella</i> sp. nov. has <i>valve face </i>composed of a flat sternum with short marginal striae<i>, </i>opposite to the rough non striated sternum of<i> Ectorea inflatissima</i>, comb. nov. Regarding ecology, the new genus occurs in acidic oligotrophic environments. While <i>E. inflatissima </i>occurred in large oligotrophic rivers from the Amazon basin, the new species <i>E. stella </i>occurrence suggests a peat bog formation round the lake, and may indicate an increased lake productivity, probably in response to the peatland development in the catchment area. Biology ; Diatom ; Botany ; Mantle (geology) ; Paleontology ; Type species ; Ecology ; Genus Diatoms and Algae Research ; Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils ; Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
Authors: Edgar Camacho | Patrícia Freitas Rodrigues | Francisco Manuel Braz Fernandes
Source: Actuators (article, 2024-11-20)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

The Potential of Shape Memory Alloys in Riveting Applications This study explores the use of shape memory alloys, specifically nickel-titanium (NiTi- Ti-rich), in plate joining processes through riveting. Through the shape memory effect (SME), SMAs offer innovative solutions for joining components, mainly in the aeronautical and aerospace fields, indicating their promising applications. This research presents several characterizations, including differential scanning calorimetry, compression dilatometry, X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation, and thermomechanical testing, to assess the feasibility and performance of shape memory alloy rivets. In addition, the samples were subjected to recrystallization heat treatment to evaluate their reusability. The results demonstrated that shape memory alloy rivets are effective, achieving a maximum load of 340 N for two joined components. However, their application is optimal for materials with yield strengths lower than the stress-induced SME. Moreover, the process enhances the joined components’ hardening and increases the rivet’s thermal hysteresis. This research confirms the viability of shape memory alloys for riveting processes, offering a new avenue for advanced joining techniques. The findings provide a foundation for their further development and application in various industries requiring precise and reliable joining methods. Rivet ; Shape-memory alloy ; Materials science ; Nickel titanium ; Mechanical engineering ; Alloy ; Composite material ; Engineering Shape Memory Alloy Transformations ; Titanium Alloys Microstructure and Properties
Authors: Kai Zeng | Chang Xue | Jinbo Wu | Weijia Wen
Source: Materials (article, 2024-08-14)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Assessment of Gel-Based Thermochromic Glazing for Energy Efficiency in Architectural Applications With the increasing global focus on energy efficiency and environmental sustainability, intelligent building materials such as thermochromic glazing have emerged as a hot topic of research. The intent of this paper is to explore the utilization of gel-type thermochromic glazing within the realm of architectural energy conservation calculations. It conducts an exhaustive examination of the material’s attributes, its capacity for energy savings, and the obstacles encountered in real-world applications. Through simulation studies and case analyses, this paper assesses the energy efficiency of gel-type thermochromic glazing across various climates and suggests strategies for optimization. The study revealed that the incorporation of gel-based thermochromic glazing leads to a marked reduction in energy usage within buildings, an improvement in indoor comfort levels, and significant environmental advantages. Glazing ; Architectural engineering ; Thermochromism ; Efficient energy use ; Sustainability ; Energy conservation ; Computer science ; Materials science ; Realm ; Environmental science ; Engineering ; Composite material ; Geography ; Chemistry Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials ; Building Energy and Comfort Optimization ; Urban Heat Island Mitigation