jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Ali Asger Bhojiya
Source: Nano Carbons (article, 2023-11-17)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

The potential contribution of nanocarbon to fostering sustainable agriculture for future generations Nanocarbon materials, with their size and unique properties, have found a range of uses in agriculture. These uses include improving soil quality, managing nutrients, controlling pests, purifying water, and monitoring crop growth. Nanocarbon materials help improve the structure of the soil and retain nutrients, creating an environment where plants can thrive. They also serve as carriers for controlled nutrient release and promote plant development. In pest management, nanocarbon-based formulas deliver pesticides or helpful microorganisms with precise targeting to minimize environmental harm. When it comes to water purification and bioremediation, nanocarbons’ ability to adsorb contaminants makes them a valuable tool for cleaning water sources. Additionally, nanocarbon is used in crop monitoring systems that provide real-time information on plant health and environmental conditions, helping farmers optimize their practices. However, for nanocarbons to be widely adopted in agriculture, safety concerns must be addressed, along with approvals and cost-effectiveness considerations, to ensure their integration into farming methods. Agriculture ; Sustainable agriculture ; Natural resource economics ; Business ; Environmental planning ; Environmental science ; Economics ; Biology ; Ecology Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
Authors: Zhou Hai-ling | Xiaole Li | Jin Shi | Ming Li | Lingyun Situ
Source: Malaysian Journal of Library & Information Science (article, 2023-08-28)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A study on the election factors of ACM Fellow based on the co-authorship relationship Most of past researches on successful scientist groups focused on the winners of international top-renowned awards. ACM Fellow as an academic honor of Computing Machinery field was rarely investigated. This article focuses on the research of the relationship between Fellows’ success and their co-authorship characteristics with previous Fellows. We selected a list of ACM Advanced Member Grades from 2015 to 2020 in 4 sub-domains as the empirical object, then set relevant indicators to indicate the cooperative relationship to analyze the relationship between their cooperation with previous Fellows and whether they can successfully be awarded as Fellows according to the correlation analysis and binary logistic regression method. The results show that the existence of a cooperative relationship with the previous Fellow is indeed beneficial to the Fellow candidate's selection. The more previous Fellows a candidate works with, the better chance they have of being elected as a Fellow, but the co-growth fellows are the main factor. Moreover, during the cooperation period, the total amount of the candidates’ own publications and the more their own contributions in the cooperation, the more conducive to success. Our results reflect a possible closing of the Fellowship circle, but also correct for biases about honorary award opportunism. Set (abstract data type) ; Honor ; Research Object ; Selection (genetic algorithm) ; Psychology ; Field (mathematics) ; Scope (computer science) ; Computer science ; Management ; Political science ; Operations research ; Sociology ; Mathematics ; Regional science ; Economics ; Artificial intelligence Machine Learning in Materials Science
Authors: Andreísa Flores Braga | Lívia Cirino de Carvalho | Diogo Silva | T. Antunes | Luís Carlos Cunha | Gustavo Henrique de Almeida Teixeira | Pedro Luís da Costa Aguiar Alves
Source: Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca (article, 2023-08-31)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

NIRS and multivariate methods for discrimination of morning glory species at different growth stages Morning glory species are weeds very common in tropical crops, where they cause direct and indirect damage. The management of these species primarily relies on the application of herbicides, disregarding the growth stage and spatial distribution. Studies addressing new techniques for identifying these species may contribute to the development of proximal sensors for carrying out specific and rational management. Thus, the objective of this work was to use near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and multivariate analysis to discriminate two species of morning glory in three growth stages. NIRS spectra were collected from Ipomoea hederifolia and Merremia aegyptia were collected at three different stages in the spectral range of 4.000 to 10.000 cm-1. PCA and PC-LDA were used to analyze the entire spectrum and specific bands. NIRS associated with PCA and PC-LDA were sufficient to discriminate I. hederifolia and M. aegyptia species and their growth stages. PCA allowed a proper segregation of stages and species when applied individually PC-LDA correctly classified between 90.93 to 100% of species and stages. The best discrimination results were observed in the NIR spectra ranges from 4.500 to 6.000 cm-1 and 4.500 to 6.000 + 6.500 to 7.750 cm-1. This study represents an advance in the research and implementation of NIRS technology to discriminate weed species for the future development of equipment to assist in the adoption and/or performance of a specific management of weeds, capable of contributing to the reduction in the use of herbicides in crops. Multivariate statistics ; Multivariate analysis ; Ipomoea ; Biology ; Horticulture ; Mathematics ; Statistics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Biological Control of Invasive Species ; Insect Pest Control Strategies
Authors: Shipeng Shu | Yinbin Miao | Aaron Oaks | Kun Mo | Carolyn Tomchik | Abdellatif M. Yacout
Source: Nuclear Engineering and Design (article, 2023-12-12)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Improved correlations of the fuel/cladding liquid penetration rate with the out-of-pile transient database Penetration (warfare) ; Materials science ; Nuclear engineering ; Burnup ; Cladding (metalworking) ; Liquid metal ; Thermal diffusivity ; Composite material ; Engineering ; Thermodynamics Nuclear Materials and Properties ; Nuclear reactor physics and engineering ; Radioactive element chemistry and processing
Authors: Eduardo Alvarez-Rivera | Emanuel J. Ortiz-Hernández | Elyette Lugo | Lorraine M. Lozada-Reyes | Nawal M. Boukli
Source: Proteomes (review, 2023-07-04)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Oncogenic Proteomics Approaches for Translational Research and HIV-Associated Malignancy Mechanisms Recent advances in the field of proteomics have allowed extensive insights into the molecular regulations of the cell proteome. Specifically, this allows researchers to dissect a multitude of signaling arrays while targeting for the discovery of novel protein signatures. These approaches based on data mining are becoming increasingly powerful for identifying both potential disease mechanisms as well as indicators for disease progression and overall survival predictive and prognostic molecular markers for cancer. Furthermore, mass spectrometry (MS) integrations satisfy the ongoing demand for in-depth biomarker validation. For the purpose of this review, we will highlight the current developments based on MS sensitivity, to place quantitative proteomics into clinical settings and provide a perspective to integrate proteomics data for future applications in cancer precision medicine. We will also discuss malignancies associated with oncogenic viruses such as Acquire Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and suggest novel mechanisms behind this phenomenon. Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1) proteins are known to be oncogenic per se, to induce oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stresses, and to be released from the infected or expressing cells. HIV-1 proteins can act alone or in collaboration with other known oncoproteins, which cause the bulk of malignancies in people living with HIV-1 on ART. Proteomics ; Proteome ; Computational biology ; Biomarker ; Biology ; Biomarker discovery ; Disease ; Cancer ; Translational research ; Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ; Bioinformatics ; Medicine ; Immunology ; Pathology ; Genetics ; Biotechnology ; Gene Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Cancer-related Molecular Pathways ; Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
Authors: Callie E. Hood | Jonathan J. Fortney | Michael R. Line | Jacqueline K. Faherty
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-03-08)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Brown Dwarf Retrievals on FIRE!: Atmospheric Constraints and Lessons Learned from High Signal-to-Noise Medium Resolution Spectroscopy of a T9 Dwarf Brown dwarf spectra offer vital testbeds for our understanding of the chemical and physical processes that sculpt substellar atmospheres. Recently, atmospheric retrieval approaches have been applied to a number of low-resolution (R~100) spectra of brown dwarfs, yielding constraints on the abundances of chemical species and temperature structures of these atmospheres. Medium-resolution (R~1e3) spectra of brown dwarfs offer significant additional insight, as molecular features are more easily disentangled from one another and the thermal structure of the upper atmosphere is more readily probed. We present results from a GPU-based retrieval analysis of a high signal-to-noise, medium-resolution (R~6000) FIRE spectrum from 0.85-2.5 microns of a T9 dwarf. At 60x higher spectral resolution than previous brown dwarf retrievals, a number of novel challenges arise. We examine the strong effect of different opacity sources on our retrieved constraints, in particular for CH4. Furthermore, we find that flaws in the data such as errors from order stitching can greatly bias our results. We compare these results to those obtained for a R~100 spectrum of the same object, revealing how constraints on atmospheric abundances and temperatures improve by an order of magnitude or more (depending on the species) with increased spectral resolution. In particular, we precisely constrain the abundance of H2S, which is undetectable at lower spectral resolution. While these medium-resolution retrievals offer the potential of precise, stellar-like constraints on atmospheric abundances (~0.02 dex), our retrieved radius is unphysically small (R~0.50 R$_{Jup}$), indicating lingering shortcomings with our modeling framework. This work is an initial investigation into brown dwarf retrievals at medium spectral resolution, offering guidance for future ground-based studies and JWST observations of substellar objects. Brown dwarf ; Spectral resolution ; Opacity ; Physics ; Spectral line ; Astrophysics ; Effective temperature ; Resolution (logic) ; Low resolution ; RADIUS ; Noise (video) ; Atmosphere (unit) ; Spectroscopy ; High resolution ; Environmental science ; Remote sensing ; Astronomy ; Stars ; Computer science ; Meteorology ; Optics ; Geology Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Atmospheric Ozone and Climate ; Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
Authors: Kyyoul Yun
Source: Magnetism (article, 2023-06-06)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Effect of Laminated Core Body Size on Motor Magnetic Properties The magnetic characteristics of electromagnetic steel sheets used for motors are evaluated under ideal sinusoidal excitation. However, in actual equipment driving, excitation by pulse-width modulation (PWM) waves is the mainstream method. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify how the magnetic properties used in motors are changed by sinusoidal excitation and inverter excitation. To clarify the magnetic properties of the laminated core by inverter excitation, samples with different core sizes were prepared and the effects on the magnetic properties were then investigated. The magnetic properties were measured by changing only the input voltage VDC while maintaining the carrier frequency and modulation factor constant. As the results, the iron loss values of the small, medium, and large samples with inverter excitation were 6.05, 9.58, and 11.62 W/kg, respectively. The iron losses of the small, medium, and large toroidal cores with inverter excitation increased by 124.9, 256.1, and 332.0%, respectively, compared with the iron loss of each toroidal core with sinusoidal excitation. The larger the body, the higher the required voltage and iron loss. It can be inferred that a larger amount of energy was required to excite a larger toroidal core. This was because the change in magnetic flux density per unit time of the large toroidal core was greater than that of other cores. This indicates that the large toroidal core generated larger eddy currents than other cores. Therefore, it is possible to say that large toroidal cores generate greater eddy current losses than other cores. Excitation ; Toroid ; Eddy current ; Materials science ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Magnetic flux ; Core (optical fiber) ; Magnetic core ; Inductor ; Physics ; Acoustics ; Mechanics ; Voltage ; Magnetic field ; Electromagnetic coil ; Composite material Magnetic Properties and Applications ; Electric Motor Design and Analysis ; Non-Destructive Testing Techniques
Authors: Heba abdelaziz
Source: التصميم الدولية (article, 2023-05-09)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence in Utopia Morphology Structure of Architectural Ugliness to Enrich Design of Printed Textile Hangings Everyone who had the luck of life to witness this period of time full of progress and change has seen with his eyes and heard with his ears and realized with his mind the increasing intertwining of knowledge and science and the quantitative and cognitive accumulation in the twenty-first century. We have crossed the traditional boundaries of designing printed textile pendants at a time when technology has become one of The important pillars in human life, the research dealt with how to take advantage of artificial intelligence tools (Midjourney AI tool, Play ground AI tool, Blue willow AI tool) and through experimentation we were able to obtain innovative patterns and formulas developed with various artistic treatments from designing printed textile pendants and employing them in The caravan, inspired by the utopia of the morphological construction of architectural ugliness. Research problem: How can the utopian thought of morphological construction be used in architectural ugliness in creating designs for printed textile hangings? How to take advantage of artificial intelligence applications to enrich the creative design of printed textile hangings and employ them in the caravan? Research Objectives: The research aims to devise design relationships for printed textile hangings based on the designer's thought, vocabulary, and vision towards architectural ugliness in the environment and the factors affecting it by human action that the recipient does not pay attention to, and may even be alienated from, and implement them in multiple technological ways that contain innovative plastic solutions. In addition to revealing some flexible approaches such as morphology that can feed utopia as a field of creativity and re-establishing utopian thought in the design of printed textile hangings. As well as taking advantage of artificial intelligence applications to enhance the creative design of textile hangings printed in the caravan. Utopia ; Textile ; Architectural engineering ; Engineering ; Art ; Art history ; History ; Archaeology Textile materials and evaluations ; Architecture and Computational Design
Authors: Khalid Abdulkhaliq M. Alharbi | Seemab Bashir | Muhammad Ramzan | Seifedine Kadry | Sayed M. Eldin
Source: ACS Omega (article, 2023-09-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Analysis of Liquid Chromatography Considering a Linear Single-Component Heterogeneous-Type Reactive General Rate Model This paper elaborates on the significance of liquid chromatography for a single-component reactive linear general rate model. The model equations consist of a set of two coupled partial differential equations, which include diffusion, interfacial mass transfer, axial dispersion, external and intraparticle pore diffusivity, and heterogeneous chemical reaction of the first order with two sets of boundary conditions. The model equations are solved by the Laplace transformation. The actual time domain solution is obtained by numerical Laplace inversion, as analytical inversion cannot be obtained. The graphical sketch of different physical parameters is presented to analyze the dynamics of the elution profiles. The result indicates that the chromatographic reactor works more efficiently on increasing the value of the heterogeneous-type first-order reaction. To check the analytical results, a second-order high-resolution finite volume scheme is used. Both results are in good agreement and indicate the correctness of the numerical scheme. The current work is also compared with the previously available numerical schemes, which shows that the proposed numerical scheme is better for elaborating the chromatographic reactor performance. A comparison table is also presented to compute error analysis and computational run time for analyzing the efficiency of the reactor. A graphical sketch of the numerical temporal moment analysis is also presented, which gives significant information about the performance and the shape of the concentration profiles. Laplace transform ; Boundary value problem ; Numerical analysis ; Applied mathematics ; Partial differential equation ; Mathematics ; Algorithm ; Computer science ; Mathematical analysis Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography ; Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications ; Protein purification and stability
Authors: Gao Tang | Chunyan Bai | Tianchen Tang | Jiansheng Peng | Songlin Zhuang | Dawei Zhang
Source: Photonics (article, 2023-11-14)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

A Simulation Study of the Dynamical Control of Optical Skyrmion Lattices through the Superposition of Optical Vortex Beams Optical skyrmion lattices play an important role in photonic system design and have potential applications in optical transmission and storage. In this study, we propose a novel metasurface approach to calculating the dependence of the multi-beam interference principle and the angular momentum action in the spin–orbit interaction. The metasurface consists of nanopore structures, which are used to generate an optical skyrmion lattice. The superposition of optical vortex beams with circular polarization states is used to evaluate the evolution of the shape of the topological domain walls of the hexagonal skyrmion lattice. Our results show that the distribution of the skyrmion spin vector can be controlled by changing the lattice arrangement from triangular to hexagonal shapes. The distribution of skyrmion number at the microscale is further calculated. Our work has significant implications for the regulation of the shape of topological domain walls of skyrmion lattices, with potential applications in polarization sensing, nanopositioning, and super-resolution microimaging. Skyrmion ; Physics ; Superposition principle ; Optical vortex ; Topological quantum number ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Spins ; Lattice (music) ; Hexagonal lattice ; Vortex ; Femtosecond ; Angular momentum ; Optics ; Condensed matter physics ; Quantum mechanics ; Laser Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research
Authors: Raviteja Vanguru | P Swetha | Naga Supriya Alapati | Ravikanth Manyam | Akshatha Bk | Premalatha BR
Source: Advancements in Life Sciences (article, 2023-07-15)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Sexual dimorphism in the lip size and finger pattern by digital method- A cross-sectional study Background: Human lips recognition is most intriguing and growing method in human identification. The lip prints are unique among individuals and shown to have a prospective role in sex identification. The fingerprints of an individual can be used in instances like criminological, civil cases due to their inimitable property for absolute identity. The study aims to identify fingerprint pattern and lip size for identification of gender.Methods: This study involved 100 dentistry students from our college (50 male and 50 female).The thumb, lip photos were recorded by using a digital camera. The lip size was calculated by using Adobe photoshop software. The fingerprints patterns were by read by using the classification given by Michael and Kucken's.Results: Males had more lip length and width when compared to females which are statistically significant(p=0.000). The predominant fingerprint pattern in the entire study was loop (67%) followed by whorl (23%) and then arch (10%). The arch pattern of fingerprint showed a statistical significance between males and females (p=0.008).Conclusion: In the present study, lip length, lip width and fingerprint pattern showed a significant difference in males and females which can be used to determine an individual's gender. Moreover, employing digital method in analysing the fingerprints and lip-prints is very convenient in terms of accessibility and storage.Keywords: Cheiloscopy; Forensic identification; Lip size Sexual dimorphism ; Cross-sectional study ; Biology ; Mathematics ; Statistics ; Zoology Textile materials and evaluations
Authors: Kento Sasaki | Yuki Nakamura | Tokuyuki Teraji | Takashi Oka | Kensuke Kobayashi
Source: Physical review. A/Physical review, A (article, 2023-05-26)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Demonstration of geometric diabatic control of quantum states Geometric effects can play a pivotal role in streamlining quantum manipulation. We demonstrate a geometric diabatic control, that is, perfect tunneling between spin states in a diamond by a quadratic sweep of a driving field. The field sweep speed for the perfect tunneling is determined by the geometric amplitude factor and can be tuned arbitrarily. Our results are obtained by testing a quadratic version of Berry's twisted Landau-Zener model. This geometric tuning is robust over a wide parameter range. Our work provides a basis for quantum control in various systems, including condensed-matter physics, quantum computation, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Diabatic ; Physics ; Geometric phase ; Quantum mechanics ; Quantum tunnelling ; Quantum computer ; Quantum ; Classical mechanics ; Adiabatic process Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; Quantum optics and atomic interactions ; Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications