jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Zhigang Yin | Hugo Flores
Source:  (article, 2025-08-02)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

The Evolution of Wearables: A Survey on Trends, Challenges, and the Emerging Impact of Smart Rings Wearable computing and sensing technologies have revolutionized various domains by providing real-time data collection and analysis. These wearables (e.g., smartwatches, glasses and patches) integrate advanced sensors and techniques to offer applications ranging from health monitoring and activity recognition to environmental sensing. Despite small sizes, the expectations of continuous working drive the need to reduce power consumption and increase data security. The survey first examines the sensing pipeline of wearables in detail, including common sensors, data collection, processing, and modeling. It explores the innovations in sensor fusion, multimodal data processing and machine learning to enhance wearable functionality. The study also highlights common challenges such as data privacy, power efficiency and user comfort while identifying opportunities for future research to address these issues and expand wearable applications further. Wearable computer ; Wearable technology ; Business ; Computer science ; Data science ; Embedded system Textile materials and evaluations ; Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: Olugbenga Olufemi Awolu | Janet Oluwaroyin Igbaro | Margaret Achenyo Olorunfemi | Temitope Esther Akintuyi
Source:  (review, 2025-11-18)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Common Terms, Processes, and Applications in Food Nanotechnology: A Mini Review Background: In the world today, food materials are no longer considered a source of nutrients solely, but also have to make contributions to the health of consumers. The benefits of food nanotechnology in the utilisation of some food wastes, oil crops, and essential oils rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds are numerous. Aims: The scope of nanotechnology is increasingly covering every facet of life, with applications to food taking the lead. Starting from the first-generation passive nanomaterial, and now, the energetic nanotechnology and nanosystems, the application of nanotechnology to food and food systems is growing exponentially, although nanofoods are in a growing stage. This study aims to bring to bear the common terms, processes and promising potentials of nanotechnology in the food industry. Methodology: The study design involved a review of the common terminologies and applications of nanotechnology in the food industry. Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Akure. &nbsp;This is a collection of the various applications as contained in journals. Results: Applications include utilisation of nanotechnology in food safety and food safety assurance, production of nanoparticles which are better biologically active than large-sized particles, nutraceuticals with effective targeted delivery of nutrients to targeted systems and bioavailability, nanosensors and nanocoatings, among other applications. Several methods have been developed for food nanotechnology, including spray drying, nanoemulsification via high pressure or high-speed homogenization, micronisation, ultrasound and others. Conclusion: Food nanotechnology principles and applications are still growing, and it is going to revolutionise Food Science and Technology in the years to come. This review has brought to bare the common terminologies associated with food nanotechnology and their current applications in the food industry. Food products such as meat and poultry, fresh fruits, and vegetables are a medium for the transmission of human pathogens, which will lead to foodborne illness outbreaks and additionally draw public interest to food safety. Therefore, there is a need to increase the new antimicrobial properties of nanomaterials. Applications of nanotechnology ; Nutraceutical ; Food processing ; Food industry ; Food systems ; Impact of nanotechnology ; Nanosensor ; Food safety Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging ; Electrohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics ; Cancer Research and Treatment
Authors: Mihaela Nicolae | Timur Chiș | Ion Onuţu | Daniel Tita | Doru Bârsan
Source: Hungarian Journal of Industry and Chemistry (article, 2025-06-20)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Stabilization of Acid Tars Present in Oil Residue Lagoons Having been active for over 100 years, Romanian refineries have also produced large amounts of waste resulting from the complex processing of crude oils, most of which is stored in tanks to be processed later. The closure of 9 refineries (out of the existing 13) has also led to the abandonment of this waste treatment. After joining the European Union, Romania eliminated these acid tar lagoons and returned the decontaminated land to the local communities. However, eliminating these chemical substances (from acid tars and other waste to oil and petroleum products and chemical substances) is challenging, both because of their multiple physicochemical compositions and mainly given the lack of techniques that reduce ecological destruction (incineration or slow pyrolysis creates other pollutants). Acid tars are present in the waste of the crude oil processing industry and originate from the refining of some petroleum fractions (oil, paraffin). This article analyzes acid tars and proposes several solutions for their stabilization and encapsulation. The effects of their encapsulation on the primary pollutants present in acidic waste are also presented. Residue (chemistry) ; Chemistry ; Environmental science ; Environmental chemistry ; Pulp and paper industry ; Organic chemistry ; Engineering Petroleum Processing and Analysis ; Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques ; Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
Authors: Holger Maus | Paul Tschisgale | Fabian Kieser | Stefan Petersen | Peter Wulff
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2025-12-11)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Developing and Evaluating a Large Language Model-Based Automated Feedback System Grounded in Evidence-Centered Design for Supporting Physics Problem Solving Generative AI offers new opportunities for individualized and adaptive learning, e.g., through large language model (LLM)-based feedback systems. While LLMs can produce effective feedback for relatively straightforward conceptual tasks, delivering high-quality feedback for tasks that require advanced domain expertise, such as physics problem solving, remains a substantial challenge. This study presents the design of an LLM-based feedback system for physics problem solving grounded in evidence-centered design (ECD) and evaluates its performance within the German Physics Olympiad. Participants assessed the usefulness and accuracy of the generated feedback, which was generally perceived as useful and highly accurate. However, an in-depth analysis revealed that the feedback contained errors in 20% of cases; errors that often went unnoticed by the students. We discuss the risks associated with uncritical reliance on LLM-based feedback and outline potential directions for generating more adaptive and reliable LLM-based feedback in the future. Domain (mathematical analysis) ; Generative grammar ; Adaptive system ; German ; Set (abstract data type) ; Generative model Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Science Education and Pedagogy ; Text Readability and Simplification
Authors: Sandra Gajoch | D. Wilk-Kołodziejczyk | Łukasz Marcjan | Roberto Corizzo | Adam Bitka | Marcin Małysza | Gerard Skomin
Source: Materials (article, 2025-11-17)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Development and Implementation of a Defect Detection Model for Microstructures Using Image Processing Methods The aim of this research is to develop and implement artificial intelligence models for the automatic detection of defects in the microstructures of austempered ductile iron (ADI). Our research used three different approaches, representing various categories of machine learning tasks: image classification (ResNet), pixel-wise segmentation (UNet), and object detection (YOLO). Each of the models were adapted to the specific characteristics of the dataset and tested on a collection of microstructural images prepared within the scope of the research. The data preparation process included clustering using the k-means method, morphological operations, generation of binary masks, conversion of labels into formats required by each architecture, and data augmentation to increase the diversity of training samples. The results demonstrated that ResNet achieved very high classification accuracy but did not provide spatial information about defect localization. UNet produced precise segmentation masks of martensitic regions, allowing for quantitative analysis of samples, although it required significantly higher computational resources and struggled with detecting very small defects. YOLO, in turn, enabled fast detection of defects in the form of bounding boxes. In summary, each model proved effective in a different context: ResNet for preliminary classification, UNet for detailed laboratory analysis, and YOLO for industrial detection tasks. Segmentation ; Cluster analysis ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Image segmentation ; Process (computing) ; Object detection ; Image processing Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels ; Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes
Authors: Luciano Nascimento | José William de Lima Souza | Suédina Maria de Lima Silva | Ana Cristina Figueiredo de Melo Costa
Source: Orbital - The Electronic Journal of Chemistry (article, 2025-07-05)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Application of Amorphous Alloy Co69Nb25B6 for Orthopedic Implants This study investigates the potential of the amorphous alloy Co69Nb25B6 as a promising biomaterial for orthopedic implants. The alloy was produced via high-energy milling (HEM). An amorphous Co69Nb25B6 powdered alloy was prepared by mechanical alloying process. Notably, 20 g of powder were used with a powder-to-ball weight ratio of approximately 20:1 at a rotation speed of 300 rpm. Characterization of the Co₆₉Nb₂₅B₆ alloy was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results showed that the amorphous Co69Nb25B6 alloy powder exhibited a high degree of amorphous phase formation, a flake-like morphology, and a particle size of approximately 10 μm. Additionally, the Co69Nb25B6 alloy demonstrated soft ferromagnetic behavior, with a saturation magnetization of 0.23 emu/g after 20 h of milling. This research highlights the potential of amorphous alloy Co69Nb25B6 as a viable material for traumatic orthopedic medical devices. Amorphous metal ; Alloy ; Amorphous solid ; Scanning electron microscope ; Magnetometer ; Diffraction Metal Alloys Wear and Properties ; Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes ; High Entropy Alloys Studies
Authors: Yi Liu | Wendong Li | Shiyin Zeng | Xinyi Yan | H.‐J. LIU | Yuanyang Liu | Guanjun Zhang
Source: RSC Advances (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

AC corona aging behavior and performance comparison of HTV silicone rubber, cycloaliphatic epoxy resin, and glass fiber-reinforced epoxy used in composite insulators Cycloaliphatic epoxy resin (CEP) is a promising candidate for rigid housings in high-voltage composite insulators due to its superior hardness, water resistance, and interfacial adhesion compared with conventional high-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (HTV-SR). However, the long-term insulation degradation mechanisms of CEP under corona discharge are still not fully understood. In this study, CEP, HTV-SR, and glass fiber-reinforced epoxy (GFRP) were subjected to AC corona aging using a multi-needle plate electrode. Surface morphology, chemical structure, and electrical properties were comprehensively evaluated. The results show that all three materials experienced progressive surface cracking and increased roughness during aging, leading to notable reductions in hydrophobicity, resistivity, and DC flashover voltage. Surface degradation was found to be more significant than bulk degradation. CEP maintained a denser microstructure containing carbonized residues and inorganic fillers, and exhibited less severe cracking compared with HTV-SR. FTIR and XPS analyses revealed that CEP underwent epoxy ring opening, accumulation of polar groups, and surface carbonization, accompanied by a marked decrease in the C/O ratio and deterioration of dielectric properties. In comparison, HTV-SR developed a protective silica-like layer through oxidative crosslinking, which helped preserve its structural integrity and insulation performance. GFRP suffered the most severe deterioration, including resin erosion and glass fiber exposure. Principal component analysis (PCA) of multiple performance indicators confirmed that CEP demonstrated aging resistance comparable to HTV-SR and superior to GFRP. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the engineering application of CEP in high-voltage composite insulators. Epoxy ; Composite material ; Materials science ; Silicone rubber ; Silicone ; Composite epoxy material ; Composite number ; Silicone resin ; Glass fiber ; Fiber ; Coating High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Electrical Fault Detection and Protection ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation
Authors: Abiola Olanike Adesina
Source: Journal of Applied Life Sciences International (article, 2025-04-09)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A Facile Synthesis Approach for Iron-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Enhanced Antibacterial Properties Bacterial resistance to commonly administered drugs has necessitated the need for alternative drugs for effective treatment. In this study, the synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity of iron-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Fe-ZnO Nps) were investigated. The synthesized nanoparticles (Nps) were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) methods of analysis. The synthesized Nps were tested against ten Clinical bacteria, which were both Gram-positive and Gram-negative (Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter agglumerans, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Corynebacterium bovis) using the agar diffusion method. SEM/EDX images showed the spherical nature and the elemental composition of the nanoparticles, and the TEM images showed the morphology and the nanoparticles' size distribution. The presence of all the expected elements was an indication of the successful synthesis of the nanoparticles. Moreover, the SEM image of the synthesized nanoparticles showed that the nanoparticles were not uniformly distributed and that the nanoparticles were of different sizes. Iron-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Fe-ZnO Nps) exhibited excellent and significant antimicrobial activity against all the bacteria (inhibitory zones ranging from 29.00 - 32.00 mm). The result from this study revealed that all the organisms were susceptible to the synthesized Fe-ZnO Nps. The obtained result is a clear indication of the potential applications of the Fe-doped ZnO Nps to combat the challenge of bacterial resistance. Zinc ; Nanoparticle ; Doping ; Materials science ; Iron oxide ; Chemical engineering ; Nanotechnology ; Antibacterial activity ; Metallurgy ; Bacteria ; Biology ; Optoelectronics ; Engineering Advanced Nanomaterials in Catalysis
Authors: Bidyut Bikash Bordoloi | Kusu Susan Cyriac
Source: Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology (article, 2025-04-12)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Various Animal Models of Genotoxicity: Use of Zebrafish as a Potential Organism Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a valuable model for genotoxicity research due to their genetic similarity to humans, rapid development, and transparent embryos. Their high fecundity and cost-effective maintenance enable large-scale testing of DNA damage and mutations, making them a promising alternative to traditional animal models in evaluating the genetic impact of chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Evaluation of genotoxicity serves as a necessary safety assessment process for pharmaceuticals and cosmetics together with food additives and industrial chemicals. The evaluation demonstrates the crucial need to study DNA damage methods because these processes contribute directly to cancer development alongside infertility obstacles and neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic system disorders. Researchers widely use Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an important model because their genes closely match human genes (around 70 percent) and their quick embryonic development combined with transparent embryo visibility enables live cell observation. Through the combination of genotoxicity testing methods that include the Comet assay together with the Micronucleus test and TUNEL assay researchers gain effective monitoring of DNA damage from environmental pollutants and pharmaceuticals and radiation. The testing methods generate mutagenic event data while running large-scale evaluations at reduced costs compared to standard mammalian experimentation protocols. Although faced with regulatory hurdles and unique metabolic characteristics of different species zebrafish models provide important benefits toward better genotoxicity research and improved safety testing in pharmaceuticals and environmental studies. Artificial intelligence and advanced transgenic techniques show promise to improve zebrafish genotoxicity research by integrating them in future research and development. Zebrafish ; Organism ; Genotoxicity ; Model organism ; Biology ; Animal model ; Zoology ; Genetics ; Chemistry ; Toxicity ; Gene Synthesis and Characterization of Heterocyclic Compounds ; Animal testing and alternatives ; Science, Research, and Medicine
Authors: Rana Hadi Hameed al-Shammari | Ghadeer Rahii
Source: Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology (article, 2025-08-05)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Converting Agricultural Waste into Sustainable and Valuable Antifungal Nanocellulose Abstract: To achieve sustainable development goals, due to the limited availability of timber resources and inadequate environmental regulations, studies have turned to consuming agricultural waste as a cost-effective and readily available source for cellulosic resources and simple, eco-friendly fruit preservation technology. The aim of this study was using Three types of agricultural wastes to produce nanocellulose by two methods: acid hydrolysis and grinding and the obtained nanocellulose characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and test their antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp. these fungi were obtained from the fungal collection of the biology Department of College of science in Mustansiriyah University. SEM images of the nanocellulose revealed a heterogeneous mixture of irregularly shaped crystals with a size range of 79-93 nm in acid hydrolysis and 60-67 nm in the grinding method. The percentage crystallinity of nanocellulose with high intensity values like 1324.83 and 1421.87. Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of synthesized nanocellulose against Fungi was evaluated by the diffusion in agar method in four concentrations: 0.5%, 1%, 15%. %, and 2%, respectively. The best inhibition percent of Aspergillus niger were 80 % and 90 % for Penicillium sp. in 2% of nanocellulose after 7 days of incubation. The increased concentration statistically affected all fungal activity (P&lt;0.05). Nanocellulose was more effective against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp. Accordingly; this study shows that this nanocellulose-based low-cost waste biomass had a potential fungicidal effect. Nanocellulose ; Antifungal ; Agriculture ; Sustainable agriculture ; Agricultural waste ; Biotechnology ; Business ; Environmental science ; Waste management ; Cellulose ; Engineering ; Biology ; Ecology ; Microbiology ; Chemical engineering Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
Authors: Gang Li
Source: Frontiers in Chemistry (article, 2025-10-30)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

TabNet-driven interpretable prediction of multi-oxide composition in cement using NIR spectroscopy This framework provides a scalable and insightful solution for spectral-based analysis, not only for cement quality monitoring but also for other materials science applications. The code is available at https:// github.com/Andrew-Leopard/CementOxidePredictor. Cement ; Near-infrared spectroscopy ; Spectroscopy ; Composition (language) ; Quality (philosophy) ; Chemical composition Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Mineral Processing and Grinding ; Concrete and Cement Materials Research
Authors: V Shravanilakshmi | A S Tejaswini | G. V. Shwetha | Kaveri Aramani | Gagana Sindhu S | M K Veenita
Source: Archives of Current Research International (article, 2025-08-23)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Spider Silk as a Next Generation Biomaterial: Advances in Biomedical and Tissue Engineering Applications Spider silk has emerged as one of the most remarkable natural protein fibres with exceptional mechanical and biological properties positioning it as a highly promising biomaterial in biomedical and tissue engineering. Its unique combination of high tensile strength, elasticity, toughness, biocompatibility and slow degradation distinguishes it from other biopolymers such as collagen, polylactic acid and gelatin. Historically employed for wound healing and suturing, spider silk has now advanced into modern applications including tissue scaffolds, wound dressings, drug delivery systems and reconstructive medicine. Recent progress in molecular biology and recombinant DNA technology has enabled artificial synthesis of silk proteins with customizable properties. Furthermore, novel functionalization such as antimicrobial activity, self-healing behaviour and facilitation of biomineralization have broadened its biomedical potential. Despite these advances, barriers remain in replicating the natural spinning process, achieving cost-effective production and ensuring clinical translation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the production strategies, structural and functional properties and emerging biomedical applications of spider silk with emphasis on its role in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering highlighting future challenges and opportunities for its clinical adoption. Spider silk ; Biomaterial ; SILK ; Tissue engineering ; Engineering ; Nanotechnology ; Polymer science ; Biomedical engineering ; Materials science ; Telecommunications Silk-based biomaterials and applications ; Advanced Surface Polishing Techniques ; Cell Adhesion Molecules Research