jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Ndukwe Inya | Dan Etim | Anaele Uchenna | Agu Chukwudi
Source: Zastita materijala (review, 2023-12-15)
Field: Materials Science — Metals and Alloys

Recent findings on corrosion of ferritic stainless steel weldments: A review This study covers the review of the degradation of ferritic stainless-steel weldments between 2015 and 2022. The industrial and automotive sectors make extensive use of ferritic stainless steel (FSS) due to its superior oxidation and corrosion resistance, low price, high thermal conductivity, and low thermal expansion. However, it has been reported that ferritic stainless steel is harder to weld than austenitic stainless steel and that doing so would probably result in a weaker welded joint owing to the coarsening of grains high welding temperatures. According to past research, the amount of heat applied during the welding procedure affected how soon the FSS (409 M) weldment degraded after being exposed to NaCl (3.5%) medium. The coarsening of the grains was considered to be the cause of this. When the shielding gas' CO2 content increased, the intergranular corrosion of the FSS weld metal was found to increase. Welds made with the ER430LNb filler metal had significantly lower intergranular corrosion of FSS (AISI 441) than those made with the ER430Ti filler metal. It was discovered that boiling Cu-CuSO4 - 50% H2SO4 solution increased the corrosion rate for the FSS (AISI 430) weldment more than boiling 40% HNO3 Solution. Weldments made of FSS (AISI 430) were found to be negatively affected by the CuCuSO4 - 50% H2SO4 environment in terms of intergranular corrosion attack. Intergranular corrosion ; Materials science ; Metallurgy ; Welding ; Corrosion ; Boiling ; Austenitic stainless steel ; Austenite ; Microstructure Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals ; Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses ; Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition
Authors: Carolina Salvador-Morales | Piotr Grodzinski
Source: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology (review, 2023-09-14)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Current landscape of treating different cancers using nanomedicines: Trends and perspectives The efforts to use novel nanotechnologies in medicine and cancer have been widespread. In order to understand better the focus areas of cancer nanomedicine research to date, we conducted a survey of nanomedicine developmental and clinical research in conjunction with treatment of various cancers. The survey has been performed based on number of publications, rate of citations, entry into clinical trials, and funding rates by the National Cancer Institute. Our survey indicates that breast and brain cancers are the most and one of the least studied by nanotechnology researchers, respectively. Breast cancer nano-therapies seem to also be most likely to achieve clinical translation as the number of publications produced, amount of funding, total citations, and clinical trials (active and completed) are the highest when compared with research in other cancers. Brain cancer, despite its low survival, has capture much less attention of nanomedicine research community as survey indicated, although nanotechnology can offer novel approaches which can address brain cancer challenges. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease. Nanomedicine ; Medicine ; Breast cancer ; Clinical trial ; Cancer ; Disease ; Alternative medicine ; Translational research ; Oncology ; Medical physics ; Internal medicine ; Pathology ; Nanotechnology Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics ; Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications
Authors: Anna Hajduk | Nadin Ulrich
Source: Electrophoresis (article, 2023-06-28)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Determination of acidity constants of pyridines, imidazoles, and oximes by capillary electrophoresis The acidity constant in the form of pK<sub>a</sub> is one of the most important physicochemical quantities. There are prediction tools available for calculating the pK<sub>a</sub> , but they only deliver precise calculated values for a relatively small set of chemicals. For complex structures with multiple functional groups in particular, the error in the predicted pK<sub>a</sub> is high due to the application domain of the corresponding models. Thus, we aim to enlarge the dataset of experimentally determined pK<sub>a</sub> values using capillary electrophoresis. We, therefore, selected various pyridines, imidazoles, and oximes to determine the pK<sub>a</sub> values using the internal standard approach and the classical method. Especially oximes were not investigated in the past, and predictions for them include larger errors. Thus, our experimentally determined values could contribute to an improved understanding of various functional groups impacting the pK<sub>a</sub> values and serve as additional datasets to develop improved pK<sub>a</sub> prediction tools. Capillary electrophoresis ; Chemistry ; Biological system ; Electrophoresis ; Chromatography ; Capillary action ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Computational chemistry ; Thermodynamics ; Physics Free Radicals and Antioxidants ; Computational Drug Discovery Methods ; Electrochemical Analysis and Applications
Authors: Veena Kashyap | Arunava Poddar | Praveen Sihag
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2023-08-29)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Prediction of the Compressive Strength of Jute fibre Reinforced Concrete: A Comparative Study of ANFIS, ANN, RF and RT models Abstract The estimation of compressive strength (CS) of jute fibre reinforced concrete (JFRC) is assessed with Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Random Forest (RF), and Random Tree (RT). The present study determines the best-suited model to estimate the CS of JFRC. A total of 93 experimentation observations were extracted from the literature. 70% of random data was used for training and 30% as testing subsets. Models were formulated using different input combinations i.e., aspect ratio, % of fiber, and no. of curing days to predict the CS of JFRC. Correlation Coefficient (CC), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) were used to evaluate the performance of formulated models. The results showed that the RF model outperforms when compared with ANFIS, ANN, and RT models with CC (0.984, 0.912), RMSE (1.300, 2.641), and MAE (1.016, 2.162) for the training and testing stage. Mean squared error ; Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system ; Compressive strength ; Correlation coefficient ; Coefficient of determination ; Artificial neural network ; Mean absolute error ; Random forest ; Mean absolute percentage error ; Mathematics ; Statistics ; Machine learning ; Computer science ; Materials science ; Fuzzy logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Composite material ; Fuzzy control system Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Innovative concrete reinforcement materials ; Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Ming-Xiang 名翔 Xiao 肖 | Xiao-Jun 小军 Bao 包 | Zheng 峥 Wei 韦 | Ze-En 泽恩 Yao 姚
Source: Chinese Physics C (article, 2023-09-08)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Bayesian evaluation of energy dependent neutron induced fission yields* Abstract From both the fundamental and applied perspectives, fragment mass distributions are important observables of fission. We apply the Bayesian neural network (BNN) approach to learn the existing neutron induced fission yields and predict unknowns with uncertainty quantification. Comparing the predicted results with experimental data, the BNN evaluation results are found to be satisfactory for the distribution positions and energy dependencies of fission yields. Predictions are made for the fragment mass distributions of several actinides, which may be useful for future experiments. Fission ; Physics ; Nuclear physics ; Fragment (logic) ; Actinide ; Neutron ; Bayesian probability ; Observable ; Distribution (mathematics) ; Mass distribution ; Energy (signal processing) ; Statistical physics ; Algorithm ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Quantum mechanics Nuclear Materials and Properties ; Nuclear Physics and Applications ; Nuclear reactor physics and engineering
Authors: Jarosław Korpysa | Józef Kuczmaszewski | Ireneusz Zagórski
Source: Strojniški vestnik – Journal of Mechanical Engineering (article, 2023-11-21)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Surface Quality of AZ91D Magnesium Alloy After Precision Milling with Coated Tools This study investigates the surface quality of AZ91D magnesium alloy specimens after precision milling. The milling was conducted with the use of TiB2- and TiAlN-coated carbide end mills. The following variables were used in the milling process: cutting speed vc, feed per tooth fz and axial depth of cut ap. The surface quality was analysed based on surface roughness parameters and Abbott-Firestone curves. The results showed that the surface quality after machining depended on the tool coating type and applied machining parameters; the only exception was the axial depth of cut because changes in its value did not have any significant effect on the obtained surface quality. After precision milling, AZ91D specimens were characterized by very low surface roughness parameters. The impact of machining conditions was also evaluated with ANOVA analysis, which confirmed the significant effect of cutting speed and feed per tooth. It also indicated the dependence of the roughness parameters on the tool coating type. The tool coating type and machining conditions did not have any significant effect on the Abbott-Firestone curves. Despite the changes applied, the shape of the curves remained similar. The obtained results provide both theoretical and practical knowledge about the achievable surface roughness of AZ91D magnesium alloy specimens after precision milling. Surface roughness ; Machining ; Magnesium alloy ; Materials science ; Coating ; Metallurgy ; End mill ; Surface finish ; Carbide ; Alloy ; Composite material Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications ; Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties ; Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties
Authors: Aggelos Philippidis | Renate Kontzedaki | Emmanouil Orfanakis | Nikolaos Fragkoulis | Aikaterini Zoumi | Eleftheria Germanaki | Peter C. Samartzis | Michalis Velegrakis
Source: JSFA reports (article, 2023-09-16)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Classification of Greek extra virgin olive oils by Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with sensory and cultivation characteristics, and multivariate analysis Abstract Background Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a natural product with numerous health benefits and superior quality compared with other vegetable oils. To characterize a sample as EVOO, it is necessary to perform a sensory evaluation through a testing panel, in addition to conducting physicochemical measurements. Moreover, distinguishing between organic and conventional production has captured the attention of those involved in the olive oil industry. The current study demonstrates the utilization of Raman spectroscopy in combination with multivariate statistical analysis for the examination of extra virgin olive oil samples obtained from Greece (Crete) over three consecutive harvest years. Results The Raman technique and orthogonal partial least square‐discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) model successfully discriminated high‐ and low‐quality conventional olive oil samples for the 2017–2018 harvest year. Additionally, both organic and conventional olive oil samples were studied and distinct discrimination was achieved using OPLS‐DA on the Raman spectroscopic data for the samples with different cultivation characteristics. The combination of Raman data and statistical models for the classification of organic and conventional olive oils into high and low, and high and medium quality for the 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 harvest years, respectively, yielded satisfactory results. The samples were previously evaluated by a certified tasting panel. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy, combined with multivariate statistical analysis, can serve as a complementary alternative to traditional analytical methods for the analysis of olive oils. The technique is rapid, low‐cost, and without sample pretreatment. Olive oil ; Multivariate statistics ; Linear discriminant analysis ; Raman spectroscopy ; OPLS ; Multivariate analysis ; Sensory analysis ; Chemometrics ; Principal component analysis ; Wine tasting ; Food science ; Mathematics ; Chemistry ; Environmental science ; Biological system ; Chromatography ; Statistics ; Biology ; Wine Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Edible Oils Quality and Analysis ; Meat and Animal Product Quality
Authors: Ángelo Oñate | Thyare Sáez-Llanos | Andrés F. Jaramillo | G. Vargas | Manuel Francisco Meléndrez | Carlos Medina
Source: The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (article, 2023-10-26)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Enhancing mechanical properties of PLA and PP composites through ionic zeolite with copper nanoparticle reinforcement: microstructural and micromechanical characterization Materials science ; Copper ; Nanoparticle ; Composite material ; Zeolite ; Reinforcement ; Characterization (materials science) ; Ionic bonding ; Nanocomposite ; Nanotechnology ; Metallurgy ; Ion ; Catalysis ; Chemistry biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties ; Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies ; Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
Authors: Yohan Cosquer | Patrice Longère | Olivier Pantalé | Claude Gailhac
Source: Defence Technology (article, 2023-03-16)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Experiment/simulation correlation-based methodology for metallic ballistic protection solutions A methodology is developed based on the coupling of a finite element code with an optimisation module for the design of land vehicle armouring composed of lightweight aluminium alloy and high strength steel plate. Following an experiment/simulation correlation, a numerical model has been built and calibrated considering monolithic plates and then verified considering a bi-metal protection against tungsten carbide projectile mimicking the core of a 7.62×51 AP8 ammunition. In addition, a method is proposed to obtain the vres−vi curve for the full 7.62×51 AP8 bullet from the vres−vi curve obtained from the core only. Projectile ; Ammunition ; Core (optical fiber) ; Aluminium ; Finite element method ; Materials science ; Tungsten ; Computer science ; Structural engineering ; Composite material ; Engineering ; Metallurgy High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior ; Electromagnetic Launch and Propulsion Technology ; Energetic Materials and Combustion
Authors: Takashi Chujo | Hideyuki Sawada
Source: Vibration (article, 2023-07-26)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

The Application of Micro-Vibratory Phenomena of a Shape-Memory Alloy Wire to a Novel Vibrator The widespread use of smartphones and smart wearable devices has created a great demand for vibrators with complex vibration patterns driven by simple circuits. In our previous studies, we observed that a filiform shape-memory alloy (SMA) wire will shrink and then return to its initial length, perfectly synchronizing with a given pulse current. Here, we developed a novel vibrator whose structure allows the micro-vibrations of an SMA wire to be amplified up to a recognizable level without directly touching the wire. The vibrator has the advantage of independently controlling its magnitude and frequency together with a simple driving circuit since it is directly driven by a frequency-modulated pulse current with a controlled duty ratio. We measured the power consumption and the acceleration generated by the vibrator. The results showed that the vibrator consumed only 4–77 milliwatts of power with a quick vibration response within 5 milliseconds, and the acceleration increased significantly in a duty ratio range of around 1%. Furthermore, user evaluations demonstrated that differences in the magnitude and frequency of the generated vibrations were sufficiently recognized when the vibrator was driven by different duty ratios and frequencies, and the vibrator provided various tactile and haptic sensations to users. Vibrator (electronic) ; Vibration ; Synchronizing ; Acoustics ; Acceleration ; Duty cycle ; Power (physics) ; Generator (circuit theory) ; Computer science ; Materials science ; Electrical engineering ; Voltage ; Engineering ; Physics Shape Memory Alloy Transformations ; Tactile and Sensory Interactions ; Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
Authors: Marcin Siłuch | Anna Siedliska | Piotr Bartmiński | Waldemar Kociuba | Piotr Baranowski | Jaromir Krzyszczak
Source: Applied Sciences (article, 2023-05-15)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

The Impact of Water Availability on the Discriminative Status of Nitrogen (N) in Sugar Beet and Celery Using Hyperspectral Imaging Methods A pot experiment was conducted to determine the impact of water availability on the discriminatory status of nitrogen (N) in plants using hyperspectral imaging. Nitrogen deficiency causes a significant decrease in chlorophyll concentration in plant leaves regardless of water availability. Five different classification algorithms were used to discriminate between nitrogen concentrations in plants at different levels of water availability. Several statistical parameters, including kappa and overall classification accuracy for calibration and prediction, were used to determine the efficiency and accuracy of the models. The Random Forest model had the highest overall accuracy of over 81% for sugar beet and over 78% for celery. Additionally, characteristic electromagnetic wavelengths were identified in which reflectance correlated with nitrogen and water content in plants could be recorded. It was also noted that the spectral resolution between the N and High Water (HW)/Low Water (LW) treatments was lower in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) region than in the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) region. Hyperspectral imaging ; VNIR ; Sugar beet ; Nitrogen ; Environmental science ; Sugar ; Remote sensing ; Agronomy ; Chemistry ; Biology ; Geography ; Food science Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Remote Sensing in Agriculture ; Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement
Authors: Kiran Prasai | R. Bassiri | Hai‐Ping Cheng | M. M. Fejer
Source: APL Materials (article, 2023-08-01)
Field: Materials Science — Ceramics and Composites

Glass transition temperatures of binary oxides from <i>ab initio</i> simulations The glass transition temperatures of common binary oxides, including those with low glass-forming ability, are estimated using pair distribution functions (PDFs) from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The computed glass transition temperatures for good glass-formers such as silica (SiO2), germania (GeO2), and boron oxide (B2O3) are in agreement with measured values. These calculations are then used to compute the glass transition temperatures of alumina (Al2O3), tantala (Ta2O5), and telluria (TeO2), which are known to exhibit low glass-forming ability. For Al2O3 and Ta2O5, we also compute the simulated caloric curve from molecular dynamics simulations using two-body empirical force fields. Finally, we discuss the possibility of extracting the glass transition temperature by measuring the thermal broadening of the PDFs from scattering measurements. Glass transition ; Materials science ; Ab initio ; Molecular dynamics ; Boron ; Oxide ; Thermodynamics ; Silica glass ; Ab initio quantum chemistry methods ; Binary number ; Scattering ; Thermal ; Chemical physics ; Computational chemistry ; Molecule ; Composite material ; Optics ; Physics ; Chemistry ; Metallurgy ; Polymer ; Organic chemistry Glass properties and applications ; Material Dynamics and Properties ; Metallic Glasses and Amorphous Alloys
Authors: F. Katsi | Matthew S. Kent | Matthew D. Jones | Wesley T. Fraser | Phillip E. Jardine | Warren J. Eastwood | Monica Mariani | Colin P. Osborne | Simon Edwards | Barry H. Lomax
Source: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology (article, 2023-12-20)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

FTIR spectra from grass pollen: A quest for species-level resolution of Poaceae and Cerealia-type pollen grains Pollen ; Poaceae ; Botany ; Biology Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Isotope Analysis in Ecology ; Identification and Quantification in Food
Authors: Rana Ghonim | Manar M. Tolba | Fawzia Ibrahim | Mohamed I. El‐Awady
Source: BMC Chemistry (article, 2023-12-13)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Smart green spectrophotometric assay of the ternary mixture of drotaverine, caffeine and paracetamol in their pharmaceutical dosage form Three green and facile spectrophotometric methods were developed for the assay of Petro<sup>®</sup> components; drotaverine HCl (DRT), caffeine (CAFF), and paracetamol (PAR). The three methods depend on measuring the absorbance of the studied drugs through their ethanolic solution. The first derivative spectrophotometry (FDS) at (Δλ = 10) were good parameters for DRT and CAFF resolution; DRT and CAFF could be well calibrated using FDS at 320 and 285 nm, respectively. PAR could be estimated at 308 nm utilizing the second derivative spectrophotometry (SDS). Method II relies on the double divisor ratio derivative spectroscopy (DDRDS). The first derivative was applied on each drug where they would be assayed at 309, 288, and 255 nm for DRT, CAFF, and PAR, respectively. Method III depends on the mean centering (MCR) technique. DRT, CAFF, and PAR could be determined at 309, 214, and 248 nm, respectively. The concentrations were rectilinear in the ranges of 2-20 µg/mL for DRT, 1.5-15 µg/mL for CAFF, and 2-40 µg/mL for PAR in double devisor and mean centering but PAR from 5 to 40 µg/mL in derivative method. Method validation was performed according to ICH guidelines assured by the agreement with the comparison method. In addition, greenness assessment of the proposed methods was investigated. The application of the proposed method was extended to analyse tablet dosage form and performing invitro dissolution testing. Caffeine ; Chromatography ; Absorbance ; Spectrophotometry ; Derivative (finance) ; Chemistry ; Dosage form ; Second derivative ; Mathematics ; Medicine Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals ; Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy ; Analytical Chemistry and Sensors