jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Ramin Nashebi | Yingying Lyu | Elías Vera-Sigüenza | Daniel A. Tennant | Fabian Spill
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2025-10-15)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Mathematical Modelling of the Mitochondrial Dicarboxylate Carrier (SLC25A10) 1 Abstract The mitochondrial dicarboxylate carrier SLC25A10 exchanges phosphate with dicarboxylates such as succinate and malate, playing a central role in metabolic regulation. Structural studies establish a ping–pong mechanism, but most mathematical models still assume sequential binding, lacking mechanistic justification and overlooking the alternation of a single binding site. Here, we present the first mechanistically derived and thermodynamically consistent model of SLC25A10 based on the ping–pong framework. The model incorporates competitive dicarboxylate binding, phosphate exchange, heteroexchange, reversibility, and electroneutrality, and is validated against experimental datasets. To estimate kinetic parameters and quantify their uncertainty, we employed Bayesian inference, enabling statistically rigorous calibration to competition assays. The model introduces new terms that quantify which substrate and from which side of the membrane is most likely to start the transport cycle. Beyond reproducing rapid exchange of different substrates that cannot be directly measured experimentally, the model captures the influence of mitochondrial morphology, enzymatic interactions, and metabolic perturbations on transporter behavior. Specifically, simulations reveal that matrix swelling increases, while matrix condensation decreases, the early SLC25A10 flux magnitude. Moreover, the model demonstrates how SLC25A10 contributes to succinate handling under SDH deficiency, functioning both as a gatekeeper and a pressure-release valve for matrix succinate. Under these conditions, succinate accumulates and is exported into the intermembrane space via SLC25A10, a process critically dependent on phosphate and malate availability. Intermembrane space ; Metabolite ; Substrate (aquarium) ; Mitochondrial matrix ; Mitochondrion ; Calibration ; Process (computing) ; Space (punctuation) ; Transporter thermodynamics and calorimetric analyses
Authors: Matthew D. Feinstein | Alexander Andronikides | Euclides Almeida
Source: npj Nanophotonics (article, 2025-06-04)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Electro-optical switching in a nonlinear metasurface Nonlinear metasurfaces are multifunctional photonic elements that generate and control light, enabling multiple proof-of-principle applications, such as in nonlinear holography, beam shaping, and nanoscale sources of entangled photon pairs. Active tuning of nonlinear metasurfaces will considerably expand their prospects for integrated photonics. Here, we demonstrate a highly-tunable metasurface device that combines electrical and optical switching in a broadband frequency conversion process. Our device employs electrically tunable hybrid graphene-gold plasmons to convert mid-infrared pulses into visible light by optical gating. A strong electrical modulation of the generated visible light is attained for a broad range of mid-infrared input frequencies, and this modulation is up to 3.5× stronger for the metasurface than for plain graphene. All-optical switching measurements indicate that the device can be optically switched at Terahertz rates. Our results may lead to new applications of metasurfaces such as ultrafast signal processing, nonlinear sensing, and optical transduction. Nonlinear system ; Optoelectronics ; Optical switch ; Materials science ; Nonlinear optical ; Optics ; Computer science ; Physics ; Quantum mechanics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research ; Photonic Crystals and Applications
Authors: Varea Dawn Vaurasi
Source: Agricultural Sciences (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Exploring and Optimising the Potential of Ginger (&lt;i&gt;Zingiber &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;officinale &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Rea&lt;/i&gt;) Tissue Culture for Crop Conservation and Sustainable Agriculture in Samoa Tissue culture offers a promising solution for preserving ginger (Zingiber officinale Rea) genetic resources and promoting sustainable agricultural practices in Samoa. This study aimed to refine tissue culture techniques to enhance local ginger propagation, focusing on the use of organic additives and plant growth regulators for rapid multiplication and disease-free plant production. The process began with the cultivation of a single axillary bud on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium, successfully generating a sterile and pathogen-free explant. The incorporation of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 2.5 mg/L led to an increase to eight buds within 12 weeks. Over seven months, this methodology resulted in the production of more than 360 buds, highlighting the effectiveness of the medium formulation. Given ginger’s susceptibility to fungal and bacterial contamination, obtaining sterile explants was critical for successful propagation. Sodium hypochlorite proved to be an effective and less toxic sterilization agent, ensuring clean plant materials and enabling an efficient scaling-up process. The findings demonstrate the potential of tissue culture to produce disease-free ginger planting stock, which is crucial for sustainable agriculture in Samoa. This research also underscores the importance of optimising media formulations, including the use of organic additives like coconut water as a natural substitute for commercial growth regulators such as BAP. While these results align with previous studies, there is room for improvement in sterilisation protocols and media composition. Future research should explore the scalability of these methods and further refine organic alternatives to enhance propagation outcomes. This study provides valuable insights into the sustainable cultivation and conservation of ginger in Samoa, contributing to the broader goals of agricultural development and food security [1]. Sterilization (economics) ; Sustainable agriculture ; Agriculture ; Plant tissue culture ; Explant culture ; Organic farming ; Sodium hypochlorite ; Tissue culture Coconut Research and Applications ; Ginger and Zingiberaceae research ; Urban Agriculture and Sustainability
Authors: Chaoran Liu | Wenyu Zhang | Qingbin He | Xin Ma | Jianfeng Qiu | Runxiao Zheng | Hongjin Xue
Source:  (preprint, 2025-07-14)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Ultrasmall AuPt Nanozymes with Multienzyme-Mimetic Cascade Catalysis for Synergistic Tumor Metabolic-Immunotherapy Catalyzing the glucose cascade reaction to impair tumor cell energy metabolism represents a promising strategy for tumor therapy. However, the application of natural enzymes as therapeutic agents remains limited by various challenges. Although nanozym Catalysis ; Chemistry ; Cascade ; Immunotherapy ; Combinatorial chemistry ; Nanotechnology ; Medicine ; Biochemistry ; Immune system ; Immunology ; Materials science ; Chromatography Advanced Nanomaterials in Catalysis ; Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics ; Nanocluster Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Sankarapandian Sankarasabapathi | S. Velmurugan | S. Subramaniam | Senthilkumar Shanmugavel
Source: Matéria (Rio de Janeiro) (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Metals and Alloys

Enhanced mechanical and microstructural properties of 2205 duplex stainless steel welded using autogenous gas tungsten arc welding ABSTRACT This study examines the mechanical and microstructural characteristics of 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) sheets welded using Autogenous Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (A-GTAW) under optimized conditions. A 2 mm thick DSS plate was butt-welded using a welding current of 100 A, an arc length of 2.4 mm, and a welding speed of 250 mm/s. The welded joint was evaluated for tensile strength, hardness, ductility, bending performance, and formability. The joint exhibited an ultimate tensile strength of 705 MPa, representing a 34% improvement over the base metal (BM), with an elongation of 56.5%. Bending tests confirmed that the joint maintained its structural integrity under severe plastic deformation, with an r/t bending ratio of 2, demonstrating excellent ductility. Microhardness measurements showed a 12.5% increase in hardness in the fusion zone (FZ) relative to the BM, attributed to δ-ferrite and γ-austenite phase transformations. The microstructural analysis revealed the formation of Widmanstätten austenite (WiA), secondary austenite (SA), and partially transformed austenite (PTA) in the FZ, with quantified phase percentages contributing to the enhanced mechanical properties. Fractographic analysis identified ductile failure characterized by dimples, microvoid coalescence, and secondary cracks. The stress-strain curve exhibited a second jump, attributed to strain hardening effects in the welded joint. The Erichsen formability index increased by 10%, indicating superior forming behavior. These results demonstrate that A-GTAW, when applied under carefully controlled parameters, significantly enhances the mechanical performance and structural reliability of 2205 DSS joints, making it a viable technique for critical industrial applications requiring high strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance. Welding ; Materials science ; Gas tungsten arc welding ; Metallurgy ; Tungsten ; Duplex (building) ; Gas metal arc welding ; Arc welding ; Shielded metal arc welding ; Arc (geometry) ; Composite material ; Mechanical engineering ; Engineering ; Chemistry Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals ; Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses ; Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis
Authors: Zhiyuan Zheng | Ying Yu
Source: Photonics (article, 2025-11-13)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Tunable Unidirectional Guided Resonances in Momentum Space via a Si-Ge2Sb2Te5 Metasurface Unidirectional guided resonances (UGRs) in periodic metasurfaces have recently attracted research interest because of their ability to achieve unidirectional radiation in all-dielectric structures without metal reflectors, which offers new possibilities for efficient grating couplers and unidirectional lasers. Here, we propose a hybrid metasurface consisting of silicon and Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) phase change material for controlled UGR generation in the mid-infrared region. Leveraging GST’s phase-change properties to modulate the optical response of the metasurface, we achieve tunable generation of the UGR, which is demonstrated to carry a topological charge of +1. Moreover, by adjusting the degree of GST phase transition, continuous tuning of the radiation asymmetry ratio from 104 to 1 is achieved for a specific in-plane momentum and operating wavelength. These findings offer a promising avenue for dynamically controllable UGRs, with potential applications in tunable on-chip optical couplers and light sources. Grating ; Phase (matter) ; Asymmetry ; Radiation ; Momentum (technical analysis) ; Silicon ; Space (punctuation) Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research ; Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics
Authors: Israel Alves Oliveira | Vitaly F. Rodríguez‐Esquerre | Igor Leonardo Gomes de Souza
Source: Crystals (article, 2025-09-03)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Reconfigurable GeTe’s Planar RGB Resonator Filter–Absorber This study presents a reconfigurable planar photonic device capable of dynamically switching between optical filter and absorber functionalities by exploiting the phase transition properties of GeTe, a chalcogenide phase-change material. The device adopts a Metal–Dielectric–PCM architecture composed of silver (Ag), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and GeTe layers, each playing a distinct role: the silver layer governs the transmission and absorption efficiency, the SiO2 layer controls the resonance conditions, and the GeTe layer determines the device’s scattering behavior via its tunable optical losses. Numerical simulations revealed that the structure enables high RGB transmission in the amorphous state and broadband absorption in the crystalline state. By adjusting geometric parameters—especially the metallic thickness—the device exhibits finely tunable spectral responses under varying polarizations and incidence angles. These findings highlight the synergistic interplay between material functionality and layer configuration, positioning this platform as a compact and energy-efficient solution for applications in tunable photonics, optical sensing, and programmable metasurfaces. Planar ; RGB color model ; Filter (signal processing) ; Materials science ; Resonator ; Optoelectronics ; Computer science ; Optics ; Physics ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer vision ; Computer graphics (images) Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Phase-change materials and chalcogenides ; Liquid Crystal Research Advancements
Authors: Sofie Cambré | Wouter van Werveke | Miguel De Clercq | Maksiem Erkens | Miles Martinati | Wim Wenseleers
Source: Nanoscale Horizons (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Quantitative 2D fitting of fluorescence-excitation maps: excitation lineshape of single-wall carbon nanotubes Two-dimensional (2D) fluorescence-excitation (PLE) spectroscopy offers a powerful way to analyse samples of semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The one-to-one correspondence between the SWCNT chiral structure and its optically excited states allows for the identification of individual species based on peaks in 2D PLE data. Changes in the position, width and other features of the lineshape associated with a given peak reveal a plethora of information about the associated SWCNT chirality and <i>e.g.</i> its interactions with the environment. Consistent and physically relevant quantification of that information requires accurate fitting of the 2D data, which has long been hindered by the fact that a sufficiently accurate functional form for the excitation profile of SWCNTs was not known. Here we present a highly accurate analytical empirical model for the excitation lineshape and combine it with one for the emission lineshape in a 2D fitting model that produces accurate fits of 2D PLE maps for any SWCNT sample and allows straightforward extraction of lineshape features, including peak positions, linewidths and intensities as well as other relevant physical quantities such as phonon sidebands in the emission and excitation spectra. Excitation ; Carbon nanotube ; Excited state ; Chirality (physics) ; Spectroscopy ; Carbon fibers Carbon Nanotubes in Composites ; Mechanical and Optical Resonators ; Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies
Authors: Jingya Cui | Y. Li | Tong Mu | Xiushen Ye Xiushen Ye | Lingyun An | Daogui Lai | Chushan Yi | Honghui Liu
Source: Metals (article, 2025-12-19)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Optimization of T6 Heat Treatment for Enhanced Microstructural Stability and Mechanical Properties of EV31A Magnesium Alloy This study systematically optimizes the T6 heat treatment of a commercial EV31A magnesium alloy and evaluates the resulting microstructural evolution and mechanical properties. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the microstructure and phase constitution, while differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed to determine appropriate solution treatment parameters. Brinell hardness measurements and tensile tests at room temperature and 150 °C were carried out to quantify the mechanical response. The as-cast alloy consists of α-Mg equiaxed grains, bone-shaped Mg12(Nd,Gd) eutectic phases at grain boundaries, and minor intragranular lath-shaped Mg12Nd phases. After T6 treatment (520 °C/10 h solution treatment + 200 °C/16 h aging), the grain boundary eutectic phases partially dissolve and transform into Mg41(Nd,Gd)5, while intragranular nano-scale β′ precipitates and stable Zn2Zr3 particles form, achieving multi-scale synergistic strengthening. Compared to the as-cast condition, the T6-treated alloy exhibits room-temperature ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of 309 ± 40.5 MPa (31% increase) and 180 ± 14.2MPa (45% increase), respectively. At 150 °C, the strength reaches 241 ± 7.5 MPa (39% increase) and 154 ± 16.8 MPa (52% increase), while maintaining an elongation of 10.9± 0.7%, demonstrating an excellent strength–ductility balance. Brinell scale ; Eutectic system ; Microstructure ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Equiaxed crystals ; Alloy ; Differential scanning calorimetry ; Grain boundary Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications ; Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties ; Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties
Authors: Thomas Christopoulos | Johanne Hizanidis | Γεώργιος Νούσιος | Emmanouil E. Kriezis | Odysseas Tsilipakos
Source: ArXiv.org (preprint, 2025-02-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Can 2D materials enable passively $Q$-switched lasers in the nanoscale? Achieving compact on-chip pulsed lasers with attractive performance metrics and compatibility with the silicon photonics platform is an important, yet elusive, goal in contemporary nanophotonics. Here, the fundamental question of whether 2D materials can be utilized as both gain and saturable absorption media to enable compact integrated passively Q-switched nanophotonic lasers is posed and addressed by examining a broad range of 2D material families. The study is conducted by developing a temporal coupled-mode theory framework involving semi-classical rate equations that is capable of rigorously handling gain and saturable absorption by 2D materials, allowing to perform stability and bifurcation analysis covering broad parameter spaces. The range of pulse-train metrics (repetition rate, pulse width, peak power) that can be obtained via different 2D materials is thoroughly assessed. Our work illustrates that nanophotonic cavities enhanced with 2D materials can enable passive Q-switching with repetition rates ranging up to 50~GHz, short pulse duration down to few picoseconds, and peak power exceeding several milliwatts. Such attractive metrics, along with the ultrathin nature of 2D materials and the ability to electrically tune their properties, demonstrate the potential of the proposed platform for compact and flexible integrated laser sources. Nanoscopic scale ; Laser ; Materials science ; Optoelectronics ; Nanotechnology ; Optics ; Physics 2D Materials and Applications ; Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies ; Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices
Authors: Hong Liang
Source: Innovation in Science and Technology (article, 2025-09-04)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

NX COB Ultra LED Display Technology: From Integrated Innovation to Ecosystem Construction — A Study Based on Multi-Dimensional Empirical and Interdisciplinary Perspectives This paper focuses on NX COB Ultra LED display technology, aiming to explore the underlying logic of its ultra-high integration design, verify its application boundaries in special environments and emerging fields, and construct a sustainable ecosystem model integrating technology, market, and policy. By employing a three-dimensional framework of “technology mechanism - scene verification - ecosystem evolution,” and based on material science experiments, cross-industry case comparisons, and global market data, this study proposes a standardization path and sustainable development plan for COB technology in the Micro LED era, providing theoretical support for the multi-scene penetration and international promotion of display technology. Standardization ; Plan (archaeology) ; Sustainable development ; International standardization ; Promotion (chess) Photopolymerization techniques and applications ; Advanced optical system design ; Aerogels and thermal insulation
Authors: Gonzalo De Polsi | Paweł Jakubczyk
Source: ArXiv.org (preprint, 2025-11-26)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Anisotropic scale invariance and the uniaxial Lifshitz point from the nonperturbative renormalization group We employ the derivative expansion of the nonperturbative renormalization group to address the phenomenon of anisotropic scale invariance and the associated functional fixed points, also known as Lifshitz points, in systems characterized by a scalar order parameter. We demonstrate the existence of the Lifshitz fixed point featuring a non-classical value of the anisotropy exponent $θ&lt;1/2$ and provide estimates for values of a set of critical exponents in the physically most relevant case of the three-dimensional uniaxial Lifshitz point $(d,m)=(3,1)$, $m$ denoting the anisotropy index. We compare our predictions with existing estimates from perturbative expansions around dimensionality $d=4+\frac{1}{2}$ as well as those from the $1/N$ expansion. Anisotropy ; Curse of dimensionality ; Renormalization group ; Fixed point ; Scale invariance ; Scalar (mathematics) ; Critical exponent ; Exponent ; Scale (ratio) Quasicrystal Structures and Properties ; Theoretical and Computational Physics ; Stochastic processes and statistical mechanics
Authors: Rohit Pawar | Pawar RS | IL Pardeshi | SB Swami | RC Ranveer | JH Kadam | R.V. JAYBHAYE | SS Kalamnurikar | AD Handibagh
Source: International Journal of Agriculture and Food Science (article, 2025-11-01)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Evolution of feeder for continuous hot air puffing of Fryums Fryums are cereal-based snacks that are pre-prepared for frying and are much appreciated in numerous Indian households. They consist of dehydrated, sun-dried dumplings that resemble fragile products. They enlarge instantaneously when subjected to deep frying. They are ingested either as a snack or as an accompaniment to a meal. The manufacturing of Fryums was traditionally confined to households, but it has recently transformed into a cottage and small-scale industry. It also provides a product that is hygienic, secure, and devoid of oil. Individuals are gravitating towards RTE foods due to their convenience in today&#39;s hectic, metropolitan lifestyle.Puffing in whirling hot air is a viable technique for generating RTE foods, as it alleviates some disadvantages linked to sand puffing, salt puffing, high-pressure puffing, and oil frying. The phenomenon of whirling transpires when an uneven distribution of air elevates the object by pneumatic transport while gravity pulls it downward. This research focusses on the development and assessment of a feeder for the optimisation and quality evaluation of hot air puffing of Fryums, emphasising critical process variables. The trials utilised a Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD), establishing optimal puffing settings with a puffing temperature (PT) of 260 °C and a feed rate (FR) of 6500 g/h in a single-pass in a hot air puffing machine. Under these conditions, the resultant puffed product attained a moisture content of 6.077% db, an expansion ratio (ER) of 5.669, a puffing percentage (PP) of 97.12%, a whiteness index of 89.64, a hardness of 2667.579 g, and a crispness of 12.25 positive peaks. The technology offers a healthier alternative to traditional frying and roasting techniques, as it does not use oil. Expansion ratio ; Product (mathematics) ; Air temperature ; Manufacturing process ; Process (computing) ; Composite number ; Hot plate Edible Oils Quality and Analysis ; Coconut Research and Applications ; Nuts composition and effects