jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Natrayan Lakshmaiya | Gobikrishnan Udhayakumar | S. Sathiyamurthy | V. Swamy Nadh | Ramya Maranan | Wubishet Degife Mammo
Source: Discover Applied Sciences (article, 2025-08-11)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Multi-functional natural fiber composites using flaxseed and cotton: tailoring acoustic, mechanical, and thermal properties for eco-friendly applications This study explores the development of polymer composites that are sustainable and reinforced by natural flax and cotton fibers at different weight fractions (5%, 10%, and 15%) to improve their mechanical, acoustic, and thermal properties for environmentally friendly engineering applications. Composites based on flax fiber showed a higher flexural strength of 62 MPa compared to a value of 56 MPa achieved for the cotton fibers when using 15 wt%, showing a better load-bearing capacity. Also, the impact strength from flax improved significantly with flax content and recorded the highest values of 16.5 kJ/m2 at 15 wt%, which is thirty percent higher than the cotton-based composites. It was discovered by acoustic analysis that with the increasing flax fiber amount, the sound absorption coefficient (SAC) can be enhanced to a maximum of 0.19 at high frequencies for 15 wt%, superior to the corresponding cotton composites. It was confirmed through thermal gravimetric analysis that flax fiber composites manifested increased thermal stability compared to their counterparts, where the incipient decomposition mode and greater char residue over 250 °C were delayed. It was attributed to their high content of cellulose and lignin. Further, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed higher fiber-matrix interlocking and less porosity at optimal fiber loading, adding to gains in the multifunctional performance. This all-around appraisal places flax fiber ahead as a better natural reinforcement than cotton, a greener substitute for synthetic materials in structural and acoustic insulation. The study offers a balanced way of optimizing mechanical, acoustic, and thermal properties that contribute to developing the next-generation sustainable composites. Composite material ; Materials science ; Natural fiber ; Flexural strength ; Fiber ; Thermal stability ; Environmentally friendly ; Thermogravimetric analysis ; Porosity ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Noise reduction coefficient ; Cellulose fiber ; Chemistry Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Textile materials and evaluations ; Mechanical Engineering and Vibrations Research
Authors: Lijia Li | Jiajun Chen | Laigui Hu | Zhijun Qiu | Zhuo Zou | Ran Liu | Li‐Rong Zheng | Chunxiao Cong
Source: Nature Communications (article, 2025-05-02)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Moiré collective vibrations in atomically thin van der Waals superlattices Collective vibration is pivotal for materials' thermal, electrical, phase transition and topological properties. Lately, the rising of moiré superlattices, characterized by overarching periodicity of moiré pattern, generates highly tunable interfacial structures that manipulate collective excitations in material at the atomic scale. Here, we experimentally demonstrate moiré collective vibrations, the mechanical counterparts of moiré excitons, at heterointerfaces of twisted tungsten diselenide/tungsten disulfide heterobilayers. Using helicity-resolved inelastic Raman scattering, we find chiral interfacial phonons carrying angular momentum analogous to that of chiral bulk phonons in quartz, enabling unprecedented spectral resolution of rich vibrational modes at heterointerface in a few atomic layers. Upon mutual torsion of heterobilayers, we observe terahertz interlayer vibrations proportional to moiré periodicity as a periodic function of rotation angles, demonstrating moiré-tuned interlayer modes which couple to Coulomb-bound electron-hole pairs in interlayer moiré excitons. In low-angle strong coupling regime, interlayer dynamics exhibit a distinct long-lived breathing mode with zero angular momentum and pronounced high energy, highlighting phonon-hybridization character wherein intralayer breathing vibrations are folded into moiré mini-Brillouin zone by spatial periodicity and hybridize with interlayer vibrations. Our findings establish moiré collective vibrations as candidates for exploitation in energy-efficient thermal management, strongly correlated electrical engineering, and new emergent topological phononics. van der Waals force ; Superlattice ; Physics ; Condensed matter physics ; Materials science ; Quantum mechanics ; Molecule Graphene research and applications ; 2D Materials and Applications ; Thermal properties of materials
Authors: Michael B. Lanzillotti | Jennifer S. Brodbelt
Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews (review, 2025-01-10)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Progress in Tandem Mass Spectrometry Data Analysis for Nucleic Acids Mass spectrometry (MS) has become a critical tool in the characterization of covalently modified nucleic acids. Well-developed bottom-up approaches, where nucleic acids are digested with an endonuclease and the resulting oligonucleotides are separated before MS and MS/MS analysis, provide substantial insight into modified nucleotides in biological and synthetic nucleic. Top-down MS presents an alternative approach where the entire nucleic acid molecule is introduced to the mass spectrometer intact and then fragmented by MS/MS. Current top-down MS workflows have incorporated automated, on-line HPLC workflows to enable rapid desalting of nucleic acid samples for facile mass analysis without complication from adduction. Furthermore, optimization of MS/MS parameters utilizing collision, electron, or photon-based activation methods have enabled effective bond cleavage throughout the phosphodiester backbone while limiting secondary fragmentation, allowing characterization of progressively larger (~100 nt) nucleic acids and localization of covalent modifications. Development of software applications to perform automated identification of fragment ions has accelerated the broader adoption of mass spectrometry for analysis of nucleic acids. This review focuses on progress in tandem mass spectrometry for characterization of nucleic acids with particular emphasis on the software tools that have proven critical for advancing the field. Nucleic acid ; Chemistry ; Tandem mass spectrometry ; Mass spectrometry ; Oligonucleotide ; Nucleic acid analogue ; Tandem mass tag ; Fragmentation (computing) ; Deoxyribozyme ; Nucleic acid quantitation ; Combinatorial chemistry ; Chromatography ; DNA ; Biochemistry ; Detection limit ; Proteomics ; Nucleic acid thermodynamics ; Quantitative proteomics ; Computer science Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms ; DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
Authors: Tomas Koudelka | Claudio Bassot | Ilaria Piazza
Source: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics (article, 2025-03-13)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Benchmarking of Quantitative Proteomics Workflows for Limited Proteolysis Mass Spectrometry Limited proteolysis coupled with mass spectrometry (LiP-MS) has emerged as a powerful technique for detecting protein structural changes and drug-protein interactions on a proteome-wide scale. However, there is no consensus on the best quantitative proteomics workflow for analyzing LiP-MS data. In this study, we comprehensively benchmarked two major quantification approaches-data-independent acquisition (DIA) and tandem mass tag (TMT) isobaric labeling-in combination with LiP-MS, using a drug-target deconvolution assay as a model system. Our results show that while TMT labeling enabled the quantification of more peptides and proteins with lower coefficients of variation, DIA-MS exhibited greater accuracy in identifying true drug targets and stronger dose-response correlation in peptides of protein targets. Additionally, we evaluated the performance of freely available (FragPipe) versus commercial (Spectronaut) software tools for DIA-MS analysis, revealing that the choice between precision (FragPipe) and sensitivity (Spectronaut) largely depends on the specific experimental context. Our findings underscore the importance of selecting the appropriate LiP-MS quantification strategy based on the study objectives. This work provides valuable guidelines for researchers in structural proteomics and drug discovery, and highlights how advancements in mass spectrometry instrumentation, such as the Astral mass spectrometer, may further improve sensitivity and protein sequence coverage, potentially reducing the need for TMT labeling. Proteomics ; Mass spectrometry ; Benchmarking ; Isobaric labeling ; Proteolysis ; Chemistry ; Computational biology ; Workflow ; Quantitative proteomics ; Tandem mass tag ; Bottom-up proteomics ; Computer science ; Chromatography ; Tandem mass spectrometry ; Protein mass spectrometry ; Biology ; Biochemistry ; Database ; Business Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Authors: Annika Feichtinger | Ahmed Jarray | Wim G. Bouwman | Chris P. Duif | Maria C. Valverde‐Ayllon | Karlijn Heerkens | Renee Rooijakkers | Jasper Landman | Elke Scholten
Source: Food Hydrocolloids (article, 2025-01-14)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Biopolymer-based capillary suspensions: Influence of particle properties on network formation Capillary suspensions are unique materials, in which the rheological properties can be tuned by controlling the particle network through capillary interactions. To gain insights into the influence of particle properties on the network formation and accompanying gel strength for water-absorbing, biopolymeric particles, protein particles of two different sizes and water absorption capacities (WACs) were prepared. Utilizing SESANS, we describe a novel approach towards detecting changes in water distribution between and within particles. While effects of WAC seemed to be overpowered by concurrent variations in surface roughness, a larger particle size or lower roughness led to a lower initial gel strength and a subsequent much larger relative increase in gel strength upon water addition. Even though similar maximum gel strengths were obtained, indicating that particle properties had a comparably small influence once capillary forces dominated the systems, particle size played a critical role for network collapse with increasing particle clustering at larger water volumes. The results pinpoint subsequent knowledge gaps in the existing literature and demonstrate the tunability of biopolymer-based capillary suspensions over a wide gel strength range by adjustment of particle properties. These insights offer exciting opportunities for application of capillary-force controlled systems in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. • Capillary bridge formation enhances network strength of protein oleogels. • No significant influence of particles’ water absorption capacity on gel strength. • Particle size and roughness significantly influence the covered gel strength range. • SESANS as novel method to determine water distribution in the systems. • Capillary bridge formation to tune material properties of biopolymer-based products. Biopolymer ; Capillary action ; Particle (ecology) ; Chemical engineering ; Chemistry ; Colloidal particle ; Rheology ; Nanotechnology ; Chromatography ; Materials science ; Colloid ; Polymer ; Composite material ; Organic chemistry ; Biology ; Engineering Pickering emulsions and particle stabilization ; Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation ; Biocrusts and Microbial Ecology
Authors: Yitao Zou | Zhenrong Liu | 新一郎 本橋 | Yingying Jiang | Hong Shi | Yanlong Jiang
Source: International journal of mechanical system dynamics (review, 2025-05-15)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Fluid Dynamics and Infrared Stealth of Marine IRS Devices: A Review ABSTRACT Infrared suppression (IRS) devices for naval ships play a crucial role in reducing the infrared radiation signature of high‐temperature exhaust, thereby enhancing the survivability of ships against infrared‐guided weapons. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the design and optimization of IRS devices. The primary research problem of the devices is the need to effectively suppress infrared radiation from ship exhaust gases, which are the main targets of infrared‐guided missiles. To achieve this, the paper analyzes the infrared characteristics of exhaust systems from the perspectives of fluid dynamics, radiation sources, and radiation transmission, with a detailed explanation of the associated physical mechanisms and computational methods. The working principles and structural features of commonly used IRS devices, such as eductor/diffuser (E/D) devices and DRES‐Ball devices, are introduced, with a focus on the design and optimization of key components, including nozzles, mixing diffusers, and optical blocking obstacles. Advanced suppression technologies, such as water injection and aerosol particle dispersion, are also discussed as auxiliary methods to enhance the infrared stealth capabilities. The review highlights that the advanced cooling mechanisms and optical property modifications can significantly reduce the infrared radiation of exhaust plumes. Furthermore, the paper identifies several challenges and future research directions, including the performance impacts of multi‐device coordinated operation, the development of intelligent adaptive control systems, and the pursuit of lightweight and modular designs to meet the high mobility requirements of modern naval ships. This review aims to provide theoretical support and technical guidance for the practical design of IRS devices, offering valuable insights for the development of next‐generation infrared stealth technologies for naval vessels. Infrared ; Oceanography ; Dynamics (music) ; Environmental science ; Remote sensing ; Geology ; Optics ; Physics ; Acoustics Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Radiative Heat Transfer Studies ; Calibration and Measurement Techniques
Authors: Rafael Luque Merino | Dumitru Călugăru | Haoyu Hu | Jaime Díez-Mérida | A. Díez-Carlón | Takashi Taniguchi | Kenji Watanabe | Paul Seifert | B. Andrei Bernevig | Dmitri K. Efetov
Source: Nature Physics (article, 2025-05-22)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Interplay between light and heavy electron bands in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene Abstract Recent studies have suggested that the strongly correlated flat bands of magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene may host coexisting light and heavy carriers. Although transport and spectroscopic measurements have hinted at this behaviour, distinct signatures of incoherent heavy carriers have not been reported. Here we provide evidence of this by performing thermoelectric transport measurements of magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene using the photo-thermoelectric effect in gate-defined p–n junctions. At low temperatures, we observe sign-preserving, filling-dependent oscillations of the Seebeck coefficient at non-zero integer fillings of the moiré superlattice. This suggests the preponderance of one carrier type even when the Fermi level is tuned through the charge neutrality point of the correlated states. At higher temperatures, the thermoelectric response provides evidence of strong electron correlations in the unordered, normal state. Our observations are explained by the interplay between light, long-lived electron states and heavy, short-lived hole excitations near the Fermi level of the symmetry-broken ground states. These findings are in qualitative agreement with the topological heavy fermion model. Physics ; Condensed matter physics ; Bilayer graphene ; Superlattice ; Thermoelectric effect ; Magic angle ; Seebeck coefficient ; Fermi energy ; Electron ; Graphene ; Fermi level ; Charge carrier ; Spectral line ; Quantum mechanics Graphene research and applications ; Quantum and electron transport phenomena ; Topological Materials and Phenomena
Authors: Ying Liu | Huazhang Zhang | Konstantin Shapovalov | Ranming Niu | Julie M. Cairney | Xiaozhou Liao | Krystian Roleder | A. Majchrowski | Jordi Arbiol | Philippe Ghosez | Gustau Catalán
Source: Nature Materials (article, 2025-05-20)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Vortices and antivortices in antiferroelectric PbZrO3 Antiferroelectricity ; Vortex ; Materials science ; Condensed matter physics ; Physics ; Optoelectronics ; Ferroelectricity ; Thermodynamics Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials ; Multiferroics and related materials ; Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies
Authors: Bei Wu | Chao Qian | Zhedong Wang | Pujing Lin | Er‐Ping Li | Hongsheng Chen
Source: Light Science & Applications (article, 2025-06-04)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

MetaSeeker: sketching an open invisible space with self-play reinforcement learning Controlling electromagnetic (EM) waves at will is fundamentally important for diverse applications, ranging from optical microcavities, super-resolution imaging, to quantum information processing. Decades ago, the forays into metamaterials and transformation optics have ignited unprecedented interest to create an invisibility cloak-a closed space with any object inside invisible. However, all features of the scattering waves become stochastic and uncontrollable when EM waves interact with an open and disordered environment, making an open invisible space almost impossible. Counterintuitively, here we for the first time present an open, cluttered, and dynamic but invisible space, wherein any freely-moving object maintains invisible. To adapt to the disordered environment, we randomly organize a swarm of reconfigurable metasurfaces, and master them by MetaSeeker, a population-based reinforcement learning (RL). MetaSeeker constructs a narcissistic internal world to mirror the stochastic physical world, capable of autonomous preferment, evolution, and adaptation. In the perception-decision-execution experiment, multiple RL agents automatically interact with the ever-changing environments and integrate a post-hoc explainability to visualize the decision-making process. The hidden objects, such as vehicle cluster and experimenter, can freely scale, race, and track in the invisible space, with the environmental similarity of 99.5%. Our results constitute a monumental stride to reshape the evolutionary landscape of metasurfaces from individual to swarm intelligence and usher in the remote management of entire EM space. Computer science ; Reinforcement learning ; Artificial intelligence ; Human–computer interaction ; Computer vision Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Random lasers and scattering media ; Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing
Authors: Xu Zhang | Zhibin Ning | Janice Mayne | Daniel Figeys
Source: Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry (review, 2025-01-15)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Clinical Microbiome Analysis by Mass Spectrometry–Based Metaproteomics Mass spectrometry-based proteomics and metaproteomics have long been used in the study of human microbiomes, with the potential of metaproteomics only recently being fully harnessed. This progress is due to the advancements of high-performance mass spectrometers, innovative proteomics strategies, and the development of dedicated bioinformatics tools. In this review, we critically examine the recent technological developments that enhance the application of metaproteomics in clinical microbiome analysis. We also summarize significant advancements in the application of metaproteomics to study human microbiomes across various body sites under disease conditions. Despite these, the potential of metaproteomics remains underutilized due to typically small sample sizes and insufficient data mining. We thereby highlight some key aspects that could facilitate the broader and more effective application of mass spectrometry-based metaproteomics in clinical microbiome analysis, including the development of microbiome assays for translational research and application. Metaproteomics ; Microbiome ; Proteomics ; Computational biology ; Human microbiome ; Metagenomics ; Data science ; Computer science ; Bioinformatics ; Biology Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies ; Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
Authors: Puneet Garg | Jan David Fischbach | Aristeidis Lamprianidis | Xuchen Wang | M. S. Mirmoosa | Viktar Asadchy | Carsten Rockstuhl | Thomas Jebb Sturges
Source: Advanced Optical Materials (article, 2025-01-12)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Inverse‐Designed Dispersive Time‐Varying Nanostructures Abstract Time‐varying nanostructures allow to control the spatial and temporal properties of light. The temporal modulation of the nanostructures constitutes an additional degree of freedom to control their scattering properties on demand and in a reconfigurable manner. However, these additional parameters create a vast design space, raising challenges in identifying optimal designs. Therefore, tools from the field of photonic inverse design must be used to optimize the degrees of freedom of the system to facilitate predefined optical responses. To further develop this field, here a differentiable transition (T‐) matrix‐based inverse design framework is introduced for dispersive time‐varying nanostructures. The electron density of the material of the nanostructures is modulated non‐adiabatically as a generic periodic function of time. Using the inverse design framework, the temporal shape of the electron density can be manipulated to reach the target functionality. This computational framework is exploited, exemplarily, in two instances. First, the decay rate enhancement of oscillating dipoles near time‐varying spheres is controlled on demand. Second, using spatiotemporal metasurfaces, a system supporting asymmetric transmission of light at visible frequencies is designed. This work paves the way toward programmable spatiotemporal metasurfaces and space‐time crystals for a future generation of reconfigurable functional photonic devices. Inverse ; Materials science ; Photonics ; Photonic crystal ; Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry) ; Nanostructure ; Nanophotonics ; Field (mathematics) ; Computer science ; Nanotechnology ; Optoelectronics ; Physics ; Mathematics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Photonic Crystals and Applications ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research