jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Zhiqiang Yang | Juan Chen | Liguo Wang | Lihong Yang | Yao Li | Zhensen Wu | Lei Gong
Source: Heliyon (article, 2024-08-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Composite scattering characteristics analysis of micro-ellipsoidal periodic structure optical surface and microdefects In order to adjust and detect micro-nano periodic structure optical surface accurately and efficiently, the problem of composite scattering between micro-ellipsoidal periodic structure optical surface and pore defects is studied use the multi-resolution time domain (MRTD) approach. A calculation model is established for the intensity distribution of composite scattering, which is modulated by the micro-ellipsoidal periodic structure optical surface and microdefects. Results are in good agreement with those obtained using CST Microwave Studio software and the finite-different time-domain (FDTD) approach, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the calculation model and method. By combining the field distribution of the micro-ellipsoidal periodic structure optical surface containing microdefects with the optical response at different wavelengths, it is necessary to study the influence of various parameters of the micro-ellipsoidal structure and microdefects on the optical system of metamaterials. The effects of the parameters such as roughness, structure of micro-ellipsoidal unit, defect sizes and buried depths on the composite scattering characteristics are analyzed numerically. The results provide technical support for the fields of functional surface design, ultrasensitive detection, scattering peak orientation and frequency selection. Materials science ; Finite-difference time-domain method ; Scattering ; Optics ; Ellipsoid ; Surface roughness ; Composite number ; Light scattering ; Physics ; Composite material Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Photonic Crystals and Applications ; Optical Coatings and Gratings
Authors: Bartosz Baranowski | Marianna Krysińska | Marcin Gradowski
Source: BMC Research Notes (article, 2024-02-16)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

KINtaro: protein kinase-like database To this end, the KINtaro database ( http://bioinfo.sggw.edu.pl/kintaro/ ) has been created as a resource for collecting and sharing such information. KINtaro combines protein sequence information and additional annotations for more than 70 PKL families, including 32 families not associated with PKL superfamily in established protein domain databases. KINtaro is searchable by keywords and by protein sequence and provides family descriptions, sequences, sequence alignments, HMM models, 3D structure models, experimental structures with PKL domain annotations and sequence logos with catalytic residue annotations. Protein family ; Computational biology ; Protein sequencing ; Biology ; Sequence alignment ; Bioinformatics ; Peptide sequence ; Genetics ; Gene Enzyme Structure and Function ; Biochemical and Molecular Research ; Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Authors: Zhenxiu Xu | Haikun Wei | Mingyue Li | Yingjie Qiu | Lei Li | Ke‐Wang Xu | Zhonglong Guo
Source: Plants (article, 2024-09-21)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Impact of Chromosomal Fusion and Transposable Elements on the Genomic Evolution and Genetic Diversity of Ilex Species The genus <i>Ilex</i> belongs to the sole family and is the single genus within the order Aquifoliales, exhibiting significant phenotypic diversity. However, the genetic differences underlying these phenotypic variations have rarely been studied. In this study, collinearity analyses of three <i>Ilex</i> genomes, <i>Ilex latifolia</i> Thunb., <i>Ilex polyneura</i> (Hand.-Mazz.) S. Y. Hu, and <i>Ilex asprella</i> Champ. ex Benth., indicated a recent fusion event contributing to the reduction of chromosomes in <i>I. asprella</i>. Comparative genome analyses showed slight differences in gene annotation among the three species, implying a minimal disruption of genes following chromosomal fusion in <i>I. asprella</i>. Comprehensive annotation of transposable elements (TEs) revealed that TEs constitute a significant portion of the <i>Ilex</i> genomes, with LTR transposons being predominant. TEs exhibited an inverse relationship with gene density, potentially influencing gene regulation and chromosomal architecture. TE insertions were shown to affect the conformation and binding sites of key genes such as 7-deoxyloganetin glucosyltransferase and transmembrane kinase (TMK) genes, highlighting potential functional impacts. The structural variations caused by TE insertions suggest significant roles in the evolutionary dynamics, leading to either loss or gain of gene function. This study underscores the importance of TEs in shaping the genomic landscape and evolutionary trajectories of <i>Ilex</i> species. Transposable element ; Evolutionary biology ; Diversity (politics) ; Biology ; Genetic diversity ; Genetics ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Genome ; Sociology ; Gene ; Anthropology ; Population ; Demography Heavy Metals in Plants ; Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis ; Silicon Effects in Agriculture
Authors: Miftahul Fikri | Zulkurnain Abdul‐Malek | Mona Riza Mohd Esa | Eko Supriyanto | Iwa Garniwa Mulyana Kartadinata | Syamsir Abduh | Christiono Christiono
Source: Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (article, 2024-07-26)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Lifetime estimation of DC XLPE cable insulation using BPNN-IPM improved with various schemes and optimization meth The world’s need for green energy is something that cannot be postponed any longer, where the transmission-distribution process requires power distribution in DC voltage. However, currently, the majority use AC voltage, so limited experience and lack of data regarding electrical cable aging under high voltage (HVDC) and their reliability are problems that must be resolved. Crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) constitutes many insulation cables used today, so estimating the lifetime of DC XLPE cable insulation is urgent research, even though various model-optimization improvements are needed to obtain accurate results. This research begins with pre-processing for the input and output data. These results were then analyzed using two improved model schemes to accommodate the addition of variable space charge and thickness: backpropagation neural network (BPNN) and hybrid BPNN with inverse power model (BPNN-IPM). The learning process uses gradient descent (GD), genetic algorithm (GA), and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) optimization methods. Finally, the proposed method was verified using experimental data from previous research. The results show that the hybrid BPNN-IPM with LM optimization method is the most accurate: training root mean square error (RMSE) achieved 0 days, and testing RMSE achieved 0.83 days. These results show that the method BPNN-IPM-LM used is most accurate in estimating the lifetime of DC XLPE insulation. Mean squared error ; Reliability (semiconductor) ; Voltage ; Genetic algorithm ; Artificial neural network ; Backpropagation ; Process (computing) ; Power (physics) ; Reliability engineering ; Electronic engineering ; Computer science ; Engineering ; Electrical engineering ; Statistics ; Mathematics ; Artificial intelligence ; Machine learning High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena
Authors: Ergün Ateş | Nefise Serbest
Source: Applied Sciences (article, 2024-12-23)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Investigation of Effects of Feed Rate and Cutting-Edge Angle Variation on Surface Roughness in External Cylindrical Turning Process of Ms58 Brass Material The Ms58 brass material was machined dry by the lathe’s external cylindrical surface turning method. Three different feeds (0.155, 0.088, and 0.028 mm/rev), 3 different cutting-edge angles (70°, 80°, and 90°), and three-spindle speeds (480, 630, and 1250 rpm) were used in machining experiments. The depth of the cut value was taken as a 0.5 mm constant. The effects of these different parameters on surface roughness values were investigated. For each surface roughness value measured from parts machined with other parameters, measurements were made five times, the largest and smallest values were discarded, and the average of the remaining 3 values was taken. This rigorous process of data collection ensured the reliability of the results. Graphs were prepared and examined with working parameters and surface roughness values. As a result, it was determined that the surface roughness value decreased with the decrease in feed and the increase in another parameter, the “cutting-edge angle” of the tool. When external cylindrical surface turning was performed with the experimental parameters of 480 rpm, a large cutting-edge angle of 90°, and a depth of cut of 0.5 mm within this study plan, the lowest average surface roughness was obtained as 1.228 µm. Brass ; Surface roughness ; Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution ; Materials science ; Machining ; Surface finish ; Composite material ; Geometry ; Engineering drawing ; Metallurgy ; Mathematics ; Engineering ; Copper Metallurgy and Material Science ; Metal Alloys Wear and Properties ; Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes
Authors: Clinton G. L. Veale | Abir Chakraborty | Richwell Mhlanga | Fernando Alberício | Beatriz G. de la Torre | Adrienne L. Edkins | David J. Clarke
Source: ChemRxiv (preprint, 2024-04-18)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

A Native Mass Spectrometry Approach to Qualitatively Elucidate Interfacial Epitopes of Transient Protein-Protein Interactions Native mass spectrometric analysis of TPR2A and GrpE with unpurified peptides derived from limited proteolysis of their respective PPI partners (HSP90 C-terminus and DnaK) facilitated efficient, qualitative identification of interfacial epitopes involved in transient PPI formation. Application of this approach can assist in elucidating interfaces of currently uncharacterised transient PPIs. Epitope ; Proteolysis ; Mass spectrometry ; Transient (computer programming) ; Chemistry ; Biophysics ; Computational biology ; Biochemistry ; Chromatography ; Biology ; Antigen ; Computer science ; Enzyme ; Immunology Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Protein Structure and Dynamics
Authors: Lê Thanh Cao | Bạch Văn Sỹ | Phạm Bá Linh | Nguyễn Hữu Diệu | Hồ Đức Duy
Source: Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (JSTCE) - HUCE (article, 2024-08-26)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Chẩn đoán vết nứt trong kết cấu tấm bê tông cốt thép sử dụng các đặc trưng dao động Bài báo này đề xuất ba phương pháp dựa vào sự thay đổi của các đặc trưng dao động, bao gồm: tần số dao động, dạng dao động và năng lượng biến dạng để xác định sự xuất hiện, vị trí và sự phát triển của vết nứt trong kết cấu sàn bê tông cốt thép. Các đặc trưng dao động của kết cấu tấm trước và sau khi xuất hiện hư hỏng được trích xuất từ kết quả phân tích dao động để làm dữ liệu đầu vào cho việc chẩn đoán hư hỏng. Một tấm sàn bê tông cốt thép được sử dụng để kiểm chứng hiệu quả của phương pháp đề xuất với nhiều cấp tải tác dụng khác nhau. Trong đó, ứng xử phi tuyến của vật liệu được kể đến trong quá trình phân tích hư hỏng của kết cấu. Kết quả chẩn đoán cho thấy tần số và dạng dao động có thể chẩn đoán được sự xuất hiện của hư hỏng trong kết cấu tấm bê tông cốt thép. Đáng chú ý, phương pháp năng lượng biến dạng xác định được sự xuất hiện cũng như vị trí hư hỏng ngay cả khi tấm làm việc sau giai đoạn đàn hồi với độ chính xác cao. Chemistry Structural mechanics and materials ; Research studies in Vietnam ; Geodetic Measurements and Engineering Structures
Authors: Yogi Wiyandra | Firna Yenila | Suci Wahyuni
Source: SinkrOn (article, 2024-03-31)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Development of an Intelligent Imaging System for Determining Maturity of Copra Flesh in Coconuts Using Shape and Texture Extraction Copra is dried coconut meat that is used to produce coconut oil. According to the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), Indonesia's copra production in 2020 reached 2.3 million tonnes. This is one form of the process of improving the economy of people living on the coast. This research was conducted to educate farmers in determining the level of maturity of the copra meat produced. This research was conducted using an extraction method that involves colour extraction and texture extraction. the method is used to provide convenience in seeing the level of maturity of the two characteristics of copra obtained in the field, namely texture and colour. The process obtained in the training with one of the images used as a test image in colour extraction produces area, perimeter, metric and eccentricity values in label 3 with values of 651.00, 184.69, 0.24 and 0.89. while in the feature extraction method the results are obtained with an average intensity value of 243.31, standard deviation of intensity 39.76 and entropy value of the tested image 4.57. The method is able to perform a detection process so that it can determine the level of maturity of copra seen from the existing types of copra such as asalan copra, regular copra, black copra and wet copra, each of which provides different functions in the copra processing stage. The process will be carried out using KNN which is seen from all test data and training data stored after the detection process. The results of the process carried out using digital images involving the extraction method for detection and KNN for classification are able to provide the right value. This is evidenced by the better accuracy value of 98%. Copra ; Flesh ; Texture (cosmology) ; Extraction (chemistry) ; Maturity (psychological) ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Biology ; Horticulture ; Food science ; Image (mathematics) ; Psychology ; Chemistry ; Chromatography Coconut Research and Applications ; Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
Authors: Jake Fay | Fidelma Giulia Di Lemma | Luca Capriotti | Dong Zhao | Michael Benson | Pavel Medvedev | Jie Lian
Source: Journal of Applied Physics (article, 2024-06-17)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Uniaxial compressive creep tests by spark plasma sintering of 70% theoretical density <i>α</i>-uranium and U-10Zr Metallic fuels hold numerous advantages over conventional uranium dioxide fuels and are a key component of several liquid metal-cooled advanced reactor concepts including sodium fast reactors. These fuels undergo rapid swelling during early burnup; consequently, they spend most of their reactor lifetime in a porous state. The presence of this porosity alters many of the mechanical properties of the fuel including creep impacting fuel deformation during axial swelling. This work investigates the creep behavior of the porous fuel using a spark plasma sintering technique. Creep tests were performed for the first time on porous α-phase uranium and uranium with 10 wt. % zirconium (U-10Zr) samples. The samples of α-phase uranium and U-10Zr were fabricated from depleted uranium by spark plasma sintering and subjected to uniaxial compressive creep testing. Calculated stress exponents were found to be 2.6±1.6 and 5.7±1.4 for α-U and U-10Zr, respectively, and calculated activation energies were found to be 61.6±1.1kJ/mol for α-U. The creep data were also used to evaluate existing porosity inclusive in creep models. Creep ; Materials science ; Uranium ; Spark plasma sintering ; Porosity ; Burnup ; Sintering ; Nuclear fuel ; Compressive strength ; Depleted uranium ; Spent nuclear fuel ; Composite material ; Metallurgy ; Nuclear engineering Nuclear Materials and Properties ; Nuclear reactor physics and engineering ; High Temperature Alloys and Creep
Authors: Marek Hawryluk | Łukasz Dudkiewicz | Jacek Borowski | Jan Marzec | Roger Tkocz
Source: Materials (article, 2024-06-19)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Increasing the Working Time of Forging Tools Used in the Industrial Process of Producing a Disk-Type Forging Assigned for a Gearbox through the Application of Hybrid Layers The article discusses the phenomena and destructive mechanisms occurring on the surface of 1.2344 steel dies used during the hot forging of disc-type forgings. Preliminary research has shown that gas nitriding alone, used so far, is insufficient due to the occurrence of destructive mechanisms other than abrasive wear, such as thermal and thermomechanical fatigue, which cause the average durability of such tools to be approximately 5000 forgings. Analyses were also carried out to assess the load on forging tools using numerical modeling (Forge 3.0NxT), which confirmed the occurrence of large and cyclically changing thermal and mechanical loads during the forging process. Therefore, in order to increase operational durability, it was decided to use two types of hybrid layers, differing in the PVD coating used: TiCrAlN and CrN, and then subjected to gas nitriding (GN). The obtained results showed that, depending on the area of the tool and the current working conditions, the applied PVD coatings protect the surface layer of the tool against the dominant destructive mechanisms. In both cases, the strength increased to the level of 7000 forgings, the tools could continue to work, and globally, slightly better results were obtained for the GN+TiCrAlN layer. The CrN-type layer protects the tool more against thermal fatigue, while the TiCrAlN layer is more resistant to abrasive wear. In areas where the hybrid layer was worn, a decrease in hardness was observed from 1300 HV to 600-700 HV, and in places of intense material flow (front-point 2 and tool bridge-point 9) the hardness dropped to below 400 HV, which may indicate local tempering of the material. Moreover, the research has shown that each process and tool should be analyzed individually, and the areas in the tool where particular destructive mechanisms dominate should be identified, so as to further protect the forging tool by using appropriate protective coatings in these areas. Forging ; Nitriding ; Materials science ; Abrasive ; Durability ; Layer (electronics) ; Metallurgy ; Coating ; Thermal ; Mechanical engineering ; Composite material ; Engineering Metal Alloys Wear and Properties ; Metal and Thin Film Mechanics ; Advanced materials and composites
Authors: Chick C. Wilson
Source: American Journal of Physical Sciences (article, 2024-06-17)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Analyzing the Effect of Magnetic Field Strength on the Behavior of Ferromagnetic Materials in United States Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyzing the effect of magnetic field strength on the behavior of ferromagnetic materials in United States. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: In the United States show that magnetic field strength affects the behavior of ferromagnetic materials by inducing structural changes, influencing lattice distortions and phase transformations. These findings deepen our understanding of magneto structural coupling, aiding material design. Additionally, research on magnetostriction behavior highlights the interplay between field strength, microstructure, and response. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Domain theory, stoner-wohlfarth model &amp; micro magnetic theory may be used to anchor future studies on magnetic field strength on the behavior of ferromagnetic materials. Conduct systematic experimental studies to validate theoretical predictions and elucidate the practical implications of magnetic field effects on material behavior. Governments and funding agencies should allocate resources to support research infrastructure for studying magnetic materials and phenomena. Ferromagnetism ; Condensed matter physics ; Materials science ; Physics Magnetic Properties and Applications ; Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels ; Induction Heating and Inverter Technology
Authors: Kumaran Baskaran | Eliza Płoskoń | Roberto Tejero | Masashi Yokochi | Déborah Harrus | Yu‐He Liang | Ezra Peisach | Irina Persikova | Theresa A. Ramelot | Monica Sekharan | James Tolchard | John Westbrook | Benjamin Bardiaux | Charles D. Schwieters | Ardan Patwardhan | Sameer Velankar | S.K. Burley | Genji Kurisu | Jeffrey C. Hoch | G.T. Montelione | Geerten W. Vuister | Jasmine Young
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2024-01-17)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Restraint Validation of Biomolecular Structures Determined by NMR in the Protein Data Bank Biomolecular structure analysis from experimental NMR studies generally relies on restraints derived from a combination of experimental and knowledge-based data. A challenge for the structural biology community has been a lack of standards for representing these restraints, preventing the establishment of uniform methods of model-vs-data structure validation against restraints and limiting interoperability between restraint-based structure modeling programs. The NMR exchange (NEF) and NMR-STAR formats provide a standardized approach for representing commonly used NMR restraints. Using these restraint formats, a standardized validation system for assessing structural models of biopolymers against restraints has been developed and implemented in the wwPDB OneDep data deposition-validation-biocuration system. The resulting wwPDB Restraint Violation Report provides a model vs. data assessment of biomolecule structures determined using distance and dihedral restraints, with extensions to other restraint types currently being implemented. These tools are useful for assessing NMR models, as well as for assessing biomolecular structure predictions based on distance restraints. Protein Data Bank ; Data bank ; Chemistry ; Computational biology ; Computer science ; Protein structure ; Biology ; Biochemistry Enzyme Structure and Function ; Protein Structure and Dynamics ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Authors: Menglu Wang | Juan Zou | Christos Spanos | Juri Rappsilber | Adèle L. Marston
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2024-03-28)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Molecular basis for condensin enrichment at pericentromeres Summary Faithful chromosome segregation requires packaging of the genome on both global and local scales. Condensin plays a crucial role at pericentromeres to resist spindle forces and ensure the bioriented attachment of kinetochores to microtubules in mitosis. Here we demonstrate that budding yeast condensin is recruited to pericentromeres through a direct interaction between its Ycg1 subunit and the pericentromeric adaptor protein, shugoshin (Sgo1). We identify a Short Linear Motif (SLiM), termed CR1, within the C-terminal region of Sgo1 which inserts into a conserved pocket on Ycg1. Disruption of this interface abolishes the Sgo1-condensin interaction, prevents condensin recruitment to pericentromeres and results in defective sister kinetochore biorientation in mitosis. Similar motifs to CR1 are found in known and potential condensin binding partners and the Ycg1 binding pocket is broadly conserved, including in the mammalian homolog CAP-G. Overall, we uncover the molecular mechanism that targets condensin to define a specialized chromosomal domain. Basis (linear algebra) ; Computer science ; Mathematics thermodynamics and calorimetric analyses ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications