jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Luqman Safdar | Ian D. Fisk | Rahul A. Bhosale | Simon Griffiths | Malcolm J. Hawkesford | Scott A. Boden | M. John Foulkes
Source: Trends in Plant Science (article, 2026-01-14)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Heterogeneity in seed traits: an overlooked breeding opportunity Trait ; Cultivar ; Plant breeding ; Quality (philosophy) ; Hyperspectral imaging ; Selection (genetic algorithm) Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research ; Genetics and Plant Breeding
Authors: Pierpaolo Usai | Gabriele Sabatini | Danilo Brizi | Agostino Monorchio
Source: Applied Sciences (article, 2026-01-13)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Optically Transparent Frequency Selective Surfaces for Electromagnetic Shielding in Cybersecurity Applications With the widespread diffusion of personal Internet of Things (IoT) devices, Electromagnetic Side-Channel Attacks (EM-SCAs), which exploit electromagnetic emissions to uncover critical data such as cryptographic keys, are becoming extremely common. Existing shielding approaches typically rely on bulky or opaque materials, which limit integration in modern IoT environments; this motivates the need for a transparent, lightweight, and easily integrable solution. Thus, to address this threat, we propose the use of electromagnetic metasurfaces with shielding capabilities, fabricated with an optically transparent conductive film. This film can be easily integrated into glass substrates, offering a novel and discrete shielding solution to traditional methods, which are typically based on opaque dielectric media. The paper presents two proof-of-concept case studies for shielding against EM-SCAs. The first one investigates the design and fabrication of a passive metasurface aimed at shielding emissions from chip processors in IoT devices. The metasurface is conceived to attenuate a specific frequency range, characteristic of the considered IoT processor, with a target attenuation of 30 dB. At the same time, the metasurface ensures that signals from 4G and 5G services are not affected, thus preserving normal wireless communication functioning. Conversely, the second case study introduces an active metasurface for dynamic shielding/transmission behavior, which can be modulated through diodes according to user requirements. This active metasurface is designed to block undesired electromagnetic emissions within the 150–465 MHz frequency range, which is a common band for screen gleaning security threats. The experimental results demonstrate an attenuation of approximately 10 dB across the frequency band when the shielding mode is activated, indicating a substantial reduction in signal transmission. Both the case studies highlight the potential of transparent metasurfaces for secure and dynamic electromagnetic shielding, suggesting their discrete integration in building windows or other environmental structural elements. Electromagnetic shielding ; Attenuation ; Opacity ; Electrical conductor ; Frequency band ; Wireless ; Exploit ; Electromagnetic radiation ; Ultra high frequency Electromagnetic wave absorption materials ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies
Authors: Moh. Rizki Maulana | Imam Nur Rokhim
Source: JOURNAL SAINS STUDENT RESEARCH (article, 2026-03-28)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Analisa Kekuatan Material dan Biaya Produksi FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastic) dengan Subtitusi Serat Rami Nanas Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi sifat mekanik dan estimasi biaya produksi material komposit berbasis Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) dengan menggantikan serat sintetis menggunakan serat rami nanas (Palf). Pengujian dilakukan dengan metode uji kekerasan Rockwell (HRM) serta uji impak Charpy sesuai standar ASTM. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, komposit dengan serat FRP menunjukkan kekerasan rata-rata sebesar 60,67 HRM dan nilai impak sebesar 0,481 J/mm², sedangkan komposit dengan serat rami nanas memiliki kekerasan rata-rata 50 HRM dan nilai impak 0,370 J/mm². Dari sisi biaya, pembuatan panel menggunakan serat rami nanas memerlukan biaya sekitar Rp83.850, lebih tinggi dibandingkan panel berbahan FRP yang hanya Rp62.700. Meskipun memiliki performa mekanik yang sedikit lebih rendah, serat rami nanas unggul dalam hal keberlanjutan, ramah lingkungan, serta pemanfaatan limbah pertanian. Oleh karena itu, serat ini berpotensi menjadi alternatif bahan komposit untuk aplikasi yang tidak membutuhkan kekuatan struktural tinggi. Charpy impact test ; Fiber ; Fibre-reinforced plastic ; Toughness Material Selection and Properties ; Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Coastal Management and Development
Authors: Kazuya Tsumagari | Yasushi Ishihama | Koshi Imami
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (article, 2026-02-20)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Seamless workflow of hydroxy acid-modified metal oxide chromatography for rapid and sensitive phosphoproteomics sample preparation Abstract Phosphoproteomics by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry requires efficient phosphopeptide enrichment, but conventional workflows are often time-consuming and prone to sample loss, particularly at low input. Here, we present Rapid Hydroxy Acid–Modified Metal Oxide Chromatography (Rapid HAMMOC), a streamlined, TiO 2 -based enrichment workflow that features three key improvements. First, we optimized the TiO 2 column loading conditions and found that alternative pH-buffering agents and organic solvents, such as sodium bicarbonate combined with ethyl acetate, outperformed the commonly used Tris-based buffer with isopropanol. Second, to minimize sample loss and manual handling in desalting, phosphopeptides eluted under basic conditions were directly loaded onto a dual-membrane StageTip composed of stacked strong anion exchange (SAX) and reversed-phase styrene–divinylbenzene (SDB) membranes (SAX-SDB StageTip). Third, the addition of lauryl maltose neopentyl glycol (LMNG), which is readily removed during desalting, suppressed nonspecific adsorption. Rapid HAMMOC provided markedly improved sensitivity, identifying approximately 5,000 class I phosphosites from 5 μg of K562 cell digests, with a median 7.9-fold increase in intensity compared to the original workflow. Rapid HAMMOC also identified, on average, approximately 8,000 class I phosphosites from as little as 0.5 μg input from HeLa, A549, and HCT116 cells. Furthermore, coupling Rapid HAMMOC with anti-puromycin immunoprecipitation enabled single-day profiling of nascent polypeptides from ultra-low input samples, yielding 2,310 high-confidence co-translational phosphosites. Beyond providing a practical enrichment workflow, this study offers broadly applicable insights that can be extended to other TiO 2 -based phosphoproteomic methods. Phosphoproteomics ; Phosphopeptide ; Sample preparation ; Elution ; Hydrophilic interaction chromatography ; Tandem mass spectrometry ; Mass spectrometry ; Workflow ; Ammonium bicarbonate Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
Authors: Е. А. Паршина | Rustam H. Ziganshin | Andrey G. Zaraisky | N. Y. Martynova
Source: International Journal of Molecular Sciences (article, 2026-01-11)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Co-Immunoprecipitation-Coupled Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Zyxin’s Interactome and Phosphosites in Early Xenopus laevis Development Protein complexes, assembled by scaffold proteins, act as molecular machines driving development. The mechanosensitive adapter protein Zyxin is a key example, integrating actin cytoskeleton dynamics with gene expression. However, the developmental regulation of its interactions and post-translational modifications remains poorly understood. Here, we characterize the dynamic Zyxin interactome across three early developmental stages of <i>Xenopus laevis</i> (from gastrulation to neurulation) using co-immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative mass spectrometry (DDA and DIA). We identify stage-specific changes in Zyxin's association with core focal adhesion components, transcriptional regulators and kinases. Furthermore, we uncover developmentally regulated phosphorylation events on isoforms, suggesting dynamic post-translational control of its interactions. Our work provides a comprehensive resource that positions Zyxin as a central orchestrator of cell adhesion, survival, and gene regulatory programs during morphogenesis. These findings underscore the role of Zyxin as a multifaceted regulatory hub, with important implications for understanding tissue homeostasis and related pathologies. Interactome ; Actin cytoskeleton ; Xenopus ; Mechanosensitive channels ; Focal adhesion ; Cytoskeleton ; Actin ; Gene ; Regulation of gene expression Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Cellular Mechanics and Interactions ; Erythrocyte Function and Pathophysiology
Authors: Irina Aleksandrova | Hristian Mitev
Source: Technologies (article, 2026-03-31)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Optimization of the Diamond Roller Dressing Parameters of Grinding Wheels to Improve the Ground Surface Quality The quality of ground surfaces depends largely on the topography of the active surface of the grinding wheel, which, in turn, is determined both by the structure of the grinding wheel and by the conditions of the dressing process. This article proposes a new approach to improving the quality of ground surfaces by optimizing the dressing conditions with diamond rollers, based on the correlation between the roughness of the ground surfaces, the roughness of the cutting surface of the grinding wheel, and the parameters of the dressing process. A comprehensive theoretical–experimental study and modeling of the microgeometry of electrocorundum grinding wheels and the roughness of ground surfaces, depending on the dressing conditions with diamond dressing rolls made of medium- and high-strength synthetic diamonds with a mixed grit size, has been carried out. A complex quality indicator has been defined, determined as the ratio between the roughness of the ground surfaces and the roughness of the cutting surface of the grinding wheels, and models have been constructed for its determination, depending on the dressing conditions. By applying a genetic algorithm, optimal conditions for uni-directional and counter-directional dressing (dressing speed ratio, radial feed rate, the dress-out time and the ratio between the grit sizes of the diamond roller dresser and grinding wheel) have been determined, which ensure a minimum value of the complex quality indicator in combination with minimum roughness of the ground surfaces. Grinding ; Surface roughness ; Diamond grinding ; Diamond ; Surface finish ; Grinding wheel Adsorption, diffusion, and thermodynamic properties of materials ; Advanced machining processes and optimization ; Advanced Surface Polishing Techniques
Authors: Mingkan Ta | Chunyang Wang | Xuelian Liu | Jinyang Yu | Jiliang Jin | Da Xie
Source: Preprints.org (preprint, 2026-01-30)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Dynamic Compensation Strategy for Beam Pointing Based on Cascaded Liquid Crystal Polarization Gratings Using Liquid Crystal Optical Phased Array The cascaded liquid crystal polarization grating (CLCPG), a core non-mechanical beam scanning device, suffers from insufficient pointing accuracy due to inherent manu-facturing/assembly errors, which requires compensation by the liquid crystal optical phased array (LCOPA). Yet LCOPA is vulnerable to internal/external disturbance cou-pling and inherent time delay in practical conditions, hindering accurate compensation and limiting integrated system performance. This paper proposes a fractional-order com-posite control strategy: a fractional-order dynamic model of LCOPA is established first to characterize its response and viscoelastic memory effect; then a fractional-order mod-el-assisted extended state observer is designed for total disturbance estimation, combined with an improved Smith predictor for time-delay compensation and a phase margin method for fractional-order PID parameter tuning. Comparative experiments on a CLCPG-LCOPA experimental platform validate the strategy’s effectiveness: it suppresses disturbances, compensates CLCPG errors, reduces the overall pointing error by over 30%, improves dynamic response speed by 25%, and exhibits excellent robustness and stability, providing theoretical and technical support for high-precision CLCPG scanning system engineering. Liquid crystal ; Robustness (evolution) ; Compensation (psychology) ; Grating ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Beam steering ; Control theory (sociology) ; Phased array Liquid Crystal Research Advancements ; Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies ; Piezoelectric Actuators and Control
Authors: Jiajun Zhu | Depeng Gao | Xiangxiang Mei | Yipeng Geng | Shuxi Chen | Jianlin Qiu | Yuanzhi Zhang
Source: Agriculture (article, 2026-02-26)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

LMD-YOLO: An Efficient Silkworm Cocoon Defect Detection Model via Large Separable Kernel Attention and Dynamic Upsampling Sorting defective cocoons is a critical procedure in the silk reeling industry to ensure the quality of raw silk products. Currently, this process relies heavily on manual inspection, which is labor-intensive, subjective, and inefficient. While automated sorting based on machine vision offers a promising alternative, existing object detection algorithms struggle to balance accuracy and computational complexity, particularly when detecting tiny surface defects or distinguishing morphologically similar cocoons in dense scenarios. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an efficient silkworm cocoon defect detection model named LMD-YOLO, based on the YOLOv10 architecture. In this model, we introduce three key improvements to enhance feature extraction and multi-scale perception. First, we integrate a Large Separable Kernel Attention (LSKA) module into the C2f structure (C2f-LSKA) of the backbone. This design decomposes large kernels to capture global shape features with minimal computational cost, effectively distinguishing double cocoons from normal ones. Second, we replace standard upsampling with a DySample module in the neck, which utilizes dynamic point sampling to recover fine-grained texture details of tiny defects like surface stains. Third, a Multi-Scale Dilated Attention (MSDA) mechanism is embedded before the detection heads to aggregate semantic information across different scales, improving robustness against background interference. YOLOv10 was selected as the baseline due to its NMS-free characteristic, which mitigates the latency caused by post-processing in high-speed sorting tasks. Evaluations on a self-constructed multi-category dataset indicate that LMD-YOLO surpasses established detectors, including YOLOv8n and Faster R-CNN. Relative to the YOLOv10n baseline, our method improves mAP@0.5 by 3.11%, achieving 94.46%. Notably, Precision and Recall are increased by 3.50% and 2.97%, reaching 89.98% and 93.61%, respectively. With a compact size of 2.68 M parameters and an inference speed of 115 FPS, the proposed model offers a practical trade-off between accuracy and latency for real-time cocoon defect detection. Upsampling ; Robustness (evolution) ; Kernel (algebra) ; Object detection ; Feature extraction ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Separable space ; Sorting Silk-based biomaterials and applications ; Advanced Neural Network Applications ; Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases
Authors: Aaron Brunk | Marco F. P. ten Eikelder | Marvin Fritz | Dennis Höhn | Dennis Trautwein
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (article, 2026-02-09)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Review of thermodynamic structures and structure-preserving discretisations of Cahn--Hilliard-type models The Cahn-Hilliard equation and extensions, notably the Cahn-Hilliard-Darcy and Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes systems, provide widely used frameworks for coupling interfacial thermodynamics with flow. This review surveys the thermodynamic structures underlying these models, focusing on the formulation of free energy functionals, dissipation mechanisms, and variational principles. We compare structural properties, emphasizing how these models encode conservation laws and energy dissipation. A central theme is the translation of these thermodynamic structures into numerical practice by providing representative discretisation strategies that aim to preserve mass conservation, stability, and energy decay. Particular attention is paid to the trade-offs between accuracy, efficiency, and structure preservation in large-scale simulations. Dissipation ; Discretization ; Thermodynamic system ; Thermodynamic equations ; Coupling (piping) ; Energy (signal processing) ; Material properties ; Thermodynamic process Solidification and crystal growth phenomena ; Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation ; Lattice Boltzmann Simulation Studies
Authors: Alexandre Pofelski | Chuhang Liu | Spencer A. Reisbick | Myung-Geun Han | Lijun Wu | Henry Navarro | Erbin Qiu | Tianxing D. Wang | Shayan S. Mousavi M. | David J. Alspaugh | Marcelo Rozenberg | Shriram Ramanathan | Ivan K. Schuller | Yimei Zhu
Source: Nature Communications (article, 2026-02-24)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Switching speed limits in electrically driven VO2 structural Mott–Peierls transition Mott materials are archetypal quantum systems actively explored as next-generation electronic and photonic platforms, with potential applications spanning non-Von Neumann computing, robotics, energy storage, and microwave technologies. Among these, vanadium dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>) has emerged as one of the most intensively studied compounds, owing to its sharp, near-room-temperature insulator-to-metal phase transition. VO<sub>2</sub> also serves as a benchmark system for testing cutting-edge theories and experimental techniques. Here, we directly visualize the electrically driven transition dynamics in VO<sub>2</sub> using a microwave-driven, frequency-tunable pulsed transmission electron microscope that combines nanometer spatial and picosecond temporal resolution. Under high-frequency (MHz-GHz) excitation, we capture the ultrafast nucleation, propagation, and dissolution of metallic domains within an operating device over millions of reversible cycles. We observe the ultrafast formation of consistent metallic nuclei beneath the electrodes, followed by the propagation of a structural phase front at 4.54 nm/ns. Our experiments show that phonon-mediated structural recovery ultimately limits reversible switching of VO<sub>2</sub> at GHz frequencies, and that a tunable regime for reversible operation spans from kHz to GHz through device engineering. Beyond VO<sub>2</sub>, our approach provides a powerful framework for probing non-equilibrium structural transformations in correlated and functional materials under realistic electrical stimuli. Picosecond ; Ultrashort pulse ; Photonics ; Microwave ; Nanosecond ; Phase transition ; Quantum ; Phase (matter) ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Strongly correlated material Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials ; Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry ; Chemical and Physical Properties of Materials
Authors: Vijay Kant Singh | Sandeep Sharma | Paawan Kaur
Source: Discover Soil. (article, 2026-03-26)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Mineralogical composition of soils under rice-based cropping systems in Shiwalik Foothills of Northwest India Abstract Understanding the evolution of soil mineralogy under rice-based cropping systems is essential for maintaining soil health, boosting agricultural productivity, and ensuring long-term sustainability. To explore this, we examined the response of different rice-based cropping systems (e.g. rice–wheat, rice-potato-melon system, rice-potato-mungbean, rice-potato-maize and rice-peas-maize) on mineralogy composition in the Kandi region of Punjab. Among rice-based cropping systems, the rice–wheat system exhibited the highest soil pH (8.17), while the rice-potato-melon system had the lowest (7.23). The rice-potato-mungbean system recorded the highest available potassium (227.5 mg kg⁻ 1 ), and the rice-peas-maize system showed the highest soil organic carbon (1.12 g kg⁻ 1 ). Across all systems, quartz was dominant in the sand-sized fraction, followed by mica and feldspar. In the clay-sized fraction, feldspar and quartz were the predominant minerals accounting for 66% and 68%, respectively among different cropping. Illite and Kaolinite were present in lower proporation and contributed about 21% and 11%, respectively. In contrast, sand fraction was composed of quartz (~ 90%), followed by feldspar (~ 6%), mixed-layer minerals (~ 4%) and mica (~ 1%) irrespective of cropping systems. Illite content peaked at 25% in the rice–wheat system and decreased progressively in rice-potato-maize (24%), rice-peas-maize (21%), rice-potato-mungbean (20%), and rice-potato-melon (18%) systems. Mineralogical analysis revealed that higher pH and electrical conductivity (EC) corresponded with lower quartz and higher illite and potassium content in the clay fraction. Correlation studies indicated that increases in pH, EC and organic carbon significantly influenced sand mineral composition by decreasing quartz and increasing mixed-layer minerals. These variations were primarily controlled by the characteristics of the alluvial parent material rather than landform or cropping system differences. Illite ; Kaolinite ; Quartz ; Clay minerals ; Feldspar ; Total organic carbon ; Soil water ; Chlorite ; Mica Clay minerals and soil interactions ; Soil Geostatistics and Mapping ; Heavy metals in environment
Authors: J. Ulrich | P. Birindelli-D. | V. Bauer | M. Zeller | N. Leiter | S. Heitzmann
Source:  (article, 2026-02-25)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Automated Post-consumer Wood Classification and Sorting using AI-Imaging and FD-FLIM Sensors This article focuses on the technical implementation of an automated sorting system for PCWW 1 , featuring a multistage approach with RGB and FD-FLIM 2 Sensors for quicker sorting speeds.In addition to the design process of a demonstrator and detailed information about the RGB classification, experiments are conducted to examine the impact of grain size on reusable wood output. Sorting ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Automation ; Feature (linguistics) Wood and Agarwood Research ; Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection ; Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications