jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Kawana Nasser Machado | Marise Fonseca dos Santos | Robson Fernando Missio | Eliane Cristina Gruszka Vendruscolo
Source: Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology (article, 2024-08-03)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Bacterial Quantification in Different Plating Methodologies Determining the number of bacterial cells in a product is a fundamental procedure in the inoculant industry, as it ensures its quality. The current legislation in Brazil recommends the spreading technique as the standard procedure to count viable cells per gram or milliliters (mL). However, in order to carry out these analyses, there is a considerable material demand. Hence, the objective of this study was to test an alternative methodology, the microdrop technique, and determine whether it mitigates costs and material demands, with the added benefit of being faster and more accurate for operators. To carry out the experiment, 8 treatments were made in both saline solution (SS) and saline solution (0.9%) + Tween 80 (0.1%), at different concentrations, using a homemade inoculant as inoculum. After plating, bacterial growth was conducted in a growth chamber for 4–6 days. A parameter of 30–300 colonies per plate was used to count colony-forming units (CFU). In addition, contaminant tests were performed for Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) bacteria and saprophytic fungi (Sabouraud). Dilution samples (105) and inoculum from commercial packages were evaluated by Propidium monoazide quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PMA-qPCR). Despite the microdroplet presenting higher CFU values when compared to the spreading technique, the dilutions did not alter its order of magnitude (107 CFU.mL-1). The use of the microdrop method, when combined with Tween 80 (0.1%), increased the unitary CFU value, providing a cost-effective method for counting viable Azospirillum brasilense cell numbers compared to standard culture media. Plating (geology) ; Computer science ; Biochemical engineering ; Mathematics ; Biology ; Engineering Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition ; Advanced Machining and Optimization Techniques ; Anodic Oxide Films and Nanostructures
Authors: Guanghua He | Wei Zhang | Ke Sun | Jinlong Qi | Jiahao Zhao | Jiayi Han | Xiaoshuai Zhu
Source: Frontiers in Energy Research (article, 2024-09-19)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

The impact of XLPE surface defects on electric field and breakdown voltage During the construction of cable joints, three common defects may occur on the XLPE surface: scratches, moisture exposure, and adhered contaminated particles. To evaluate the impact of these defects on joint performance, this paper establishes a sheet model of XLPE insulation in cable joints to analyze the changes in the electric field under different defects and explore the influence of different defects on the electric field and breakdown voltage. Results of the study reveal that the electric field at the scratch site on XLPE produces severe distortion, being 1.6 times that of non-scratch areas. When exposed to moisture, the more conductive impurities present in the adhered contaminated water on the XLPE surface, the higher the conductivity of the contaminated water, thereby increasing its conductive performance and the electric field strength, which is 1.22–1.4 times that of the non-moist interface. When particles adhere to the XLPE surface, severe distortion occurs at the particle-interface electric field, approximately 1.5 times that of the defect-free interface. Scratches have the most significant impact on the electric field of XLPE insulation. Experimental results also demonstrate that the breakdown voltage without defects is 129.6 kV, while the breakdown voltage with scratch defects is 59.1 kV, moisture defects is 69.7 kV, and particle contamination defects is 59.2 kV, with scratches having the most significant impact on the breakdown voltage of XLPE insulation. These findings provide important insights into the influence of different defects on the insulation performance of cable joints. Electric field ; Materials science ; Breakdown voltage ; Electric breakdown ; Engineering physics ; Voltage ; Composite material ; Electrical engineering ; Engineering ; Physics High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation
Authors: Razmik Mirzayans
Source: Preprints.org (preprint, 2024-04-22)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Changing the Landscape of Solid Tumor Therapy From Apoptosis-Promoting to Apoptosis-Inhibiting Strategies The many limitations of implementing anticancer strategies under the term “precision oncology” have been extensively discussed. While some authors propose promising future directions, others are less optimistic and use phrases such as illusion, hype and false hypotheses. The reality is revealed by practicing clinicians and cancer patients in various online publications, one of which has stated that “in the quest for the next cancer cure, few researchers bother to look back at the graveyard of failed medicines to figure out what went wrong.” The message is clear: novel therapeutic strategies with catchy names (e.g., synthetic “lethality”) have not fulfilled their promises despite decades of extensive research and clinical trials. The main purpose of this review is to discuss key challenges in solid tumor therapy that surprisingly continue to be overlooked by the nomenclature committee on cell death and numerous other authors. These challenges include: the impact of chemotherapy-induced genome chaos (e.g., multinucleation) on resistance and relapse, oncogenic function of caspase 3, cancer cell anastasis (recovery from late stages of apoptosis), and pitfalls of ubiquitously used preclinical chemosensitivity assays (e.g., cell “viability” and tumor growth delay studies in live animals) that score such pro-survival responses as “lethal” events. Studies outline herein underscore the need for new direction in the management of solid tumors. Apoptosis ; Solid tumor ; Cancer research ; Chemistry ; Biology ; Biochemistry ; Cancer ; Genetics Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics ; Cancer Research and Treatments
Authors: Shi Shu | Xiaohuan Zhou | Yujie Gong | H.-H. Wang | Yan Tang | Junhao Chen
Source: Processes (article, 2024-05-25)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Strength and Contaminant Toxicity Leaching Characteristics of MgO-Solidified Silt In this study, MgO as an environmentally friendly silt-solidifying material was first mixed with silt and then carbonized by injection with CO2. The strength and contaminant leaching characteristics of the MgO-solidified silt were studied using unconfined compressive strength and toxicity leaching tests, and the results were compared with those of cement-solidified silt. The unconfined compressive strength of the silt reached 111 kPa with 9% MgO content and a 14 d curing time. The CO2 injection further increased the unconfined compressive strength of the MgO-solidified silt by approximately 25%: the values for MgO-solidified silts without and with a CO2 injection were approximately 60% and 80%, respectively, of those of the cement-solidified silts with the same additive additions. The leaching concentrations of nutrient salts and heavy metal pollutants in the silt decreased with increased MgO content. Compared with the dredged silt, MgO solidification with carbonization reduced the leaching of total nitrogen and total phosphorus by more than 10% and 50%, respectively: these values were approximately 5% points higher than those of cement-solidified silt. Of the heavy metals, the leaching concentration of Ni was reduced the most. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for low-carbon treatment and green resource utilization of dredging silt. Silt ; Compressive strength ; Leaching (pedology) ; Cement ; Carbonization ; Materials science ; Metallurgy ; Environmental science ; Environmental chemistry ; Composite material ; Soil water ; Chemistry ; Geology ; Soil science ; Scanning electron microscope Magnesium Oxide Properties and Applications ; Concrete and Cement Materials Research ; Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production
Authors: Y.Y. Khamza | V.P. Selyaev | Maratbek T. Zhuginissov | Zhanar O. Zhumadilova
Source: Technobius (article, 2024-09-16)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Fractal model of the strength of lightweight concrete based on volcanic tuff taking into account the scale effect The study proposes a fractal model based on B. Mandelbrot's geometry. Mandelbrot geometry to describe the scale effect in concrete. It has been experimentally established that under-loading concrete undergoes degradation of its structure, which is expressed in the sequential destruction of fractals at different scale levels. It was found that the scale reduction leads to an increase in concrete strength: 20x20x20 mm specimens showed the highest strength among all four compositions (23.3-25.3 MPa). The average density of tuff concrete was also investigated: the smallest specimens had a density of 1961.3 kg/m³, while the largest specimens had a density of 1974.2 kg/m³, which is explained by the heterogeneity of the structure and pore distribution. The water permeability of concrete, evaluated through air permeability, showed that specimens with higher air permeability (30.2-30.5 s/cm³) had better water resistance (W14). These data indicate a correlation between air permeability and water resistance, which may be due to the denser structure and improved pore distribution. The study of air permeability makes it possible to predict the durability of concrete structures when exposed to moisture, as well as to improve the quality of building materials and reduce the cost of their operation. Volcano ; Fractal ; Scale (ratio) ; Geology ; Scale effects ; Geotechnical engineering ; Mathematics ; Geochemistry ; Geography ; Cartography ; Mathematical analysis Structural mechanics and materials ; Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials ; Mining and Gasification Technologies
Authors: Yosuke Iwamoto | Hiroki Matsuda | Shin-ichiro Meigo | K. Yonehara | Frédérique Pellemoine | Zunping Liu | Kevin Lynch | Makoto Yoshida | Atsushi Yabuuchi | T. Yoshiie | Shintaro Hashimoto
Source: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms (article, 2024-10-16)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Measurements of displacement cross sections of metals for 120-GeV proton beam irradiation The number of displacements per atom (dpa) is widely used as an indicator of irradiation damage of materials in proton accelerator facilities. Experiments have been carried out to validate the dpa of metallic materials for protons with energies below 3 GeV. However, measurements of the displacement cross-sections for high-energy protons above 3 GeV have not been carried out and the calculations have not been validated. To validate the displacement cross section of metals in high-energy region, electrical resistivity changes in wires of aluminum, copper and tungsten at 8 K were measured using protons with energies of 120-GeV. The results show that the Norgett-Robinson-Torrens dpa model of the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport Calculation Code overestimates the experimental data. On the other hand, the calculated results using the athermal recombination corrected dpa model were in agreement with the measured displacement cross sections. In the proton energy region above 1 GeV, the displacement cross section is almost constant, which is due to the fact that the damage energy of the material under 1 GeV proton irradiation is almost the same as under 120 GeV proton irradiation. Damage recovery of defects accumulated in the sample was also measured using isochronal annealing: At 80 K, approximately 60 % and 80 % of the damage remains for copper and tungsten, respectively. These results are the same as those obtained from other experiments on proton and neutron irradiation. Proton ; Irradiation ; Beam (structure) ; Displacement (psychology) ; Materials science ; Nuclear physics ; Physics ; Atomic physics ; Optics Fusion materials and technologies ; Nuclear Materials and Properties ; Nuclear Physics and Applications
Authors: Vincent Chapurlat
Source: EPJ Nuclear Sciences & Technologies (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A contribution for dismantling of nuclear facilities: a functional pattern for dismantling operations and indicators design and management Optimizing nuclear installation decommissioning and dismantling operations is an ongoing quest. Faced with the complexity of this activity, Model Based System Engineering promotes relevant principles and modeling techniques. It motivated the definition of a functional generic pattern model of the waste package production line and the decommissioning of the facility. It proposes a global and generic functional architecture of such a system aiming to reduce the level of the pollutant. This pattern is coupled with a process of logistics. Six functions are combined to define this functional pattern. The application of this pattern model to a case of waste recovery in a pit shows the relevance of the model-based system engineering approach, reducing the weight of the history in the development of scenarios by optimizing the control means for nuclear safety and product quality. Engineering ; Facility management ; Construction engineering ; Systems engineering ; Engineering management ; Operations management ; Business Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies ; Nuclear and radioactivity studies
Authors: Riccardo Saporiti | Carlo Sinigaglia | Andrea Manzoni | Francesco Braghin
Source: Proceedings of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences (article, 2024-07-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

An optimal control strategy to design passive thermal cloaks of arbitrary shape In this paper, we describe a numerical framework for achieving passive thermal cloaking of arbitrary shapes in both static and transient regimes. The design strategy is cast as the solution of an optimal control problem (OCP) for the heat equation where the coefficients of the thermal diffusivity matrix take the role of control functions, and the distance between the uncloaked and the cloaked field is minimized in a suitable observation domain. The control actions enter bilinearly in the heat equation, thus making the resulting OCP nonlinear, and its analysis non-trivial. We show that optimal diffusivity coefficients exist both for the static and the transient case; we derive a system of first-order necessary optimality conditions; finally, we carry out their numerical approximation using the finite-element method. A series of numerical test cases assess the capability of our strategy to tackle passive thermal cloaking of arbitrarily complex two-dimensional objects. Control (management) ; Thermal ; Optimal control ; Computer science ; Mathematics ; Control theory (sociology) ; Mathematical optimization ; Physics ; Artificial intelligence ; Meteorology Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Advanced Materials and Mechanics
Authors: Lujia Wang | Zhenhua Li | Heping Lu | Feng Zhou | Yinglong Diao
Source: Electronics (article, 2024-10-27)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Modeling and Simulation of Wide-Frequency Characteristics of Electromagnetic Standard Voltage Transformer To achieve the broadband applicability of standard voltage transformers in “dual high” power systems, an equivalent circuit model of the standard voltage transformer is first established. Using the complex magnetic permeability method and utilizing existing core parameters, the excitation impedance values are obtained. Next, based on the equivalent circuit model, the no-load error function of the standard voltage transformer is analyzed, and through simulation, the no-load error response curve of the standard voltage transformer in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 3000 Hz is derived. The simulation results indicate that within the 20 Hz to 700 Hz range, both the no-load ratio error and the no-load angular error meet the accuracy requirements, with the ratio error within ±0.05% and the angular error within 2′. Additionally, the derivation of the error transfer function demonstrates the correlation between the no-load error values and the number of turns and cross-sectional area of the standard voltage transformer. Simulation results, obtained by increasing and decreasing the number of turns and cross-sectional area by 10%, provide valuable insights for the error compensation and structural design of standard voltage transformers. Transformer ; Voltage ; Distribution transformer ; Equivalent circuit ; Electrical impedance ; Transformer types ; Electronic engineering ; Control theory (sociology) ; Electrical engineering ; Computer science ; Engineering Magnetic Properties and Applications ; Power Quality and Harmonics ; Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques
Authors: Megan C. Coram | Allison M. Okamura | Cosima du Pasquier
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-11-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Sealing the Deal: Effects of Fabrication Parameters on the Performance of Textile Pneumatic Haptic Actuators Textile pneumatic actuators can provide useful wearable haptic feedback when embedded in gloves, armbands, and other smart garments. Here we investigate actuators fabricated from thermoplastic coated textiles. We measure the effects of fabrication parameters on the robustness and airtightness of small, round pneumatic pouch actuators made from heat-sealed thermoplastic polyurethane-coated nylon. We determine the optimal temperature, time, and pressure for heat-pressing of the textile to create strong bonds and identify the most effective glue to create an airtight seal at the inlet. Compared to elastomeric pneumatic actuators, these textile pneumatic actuators reduce the thickness of the actuator by 96.4% and the mass by 57.2%, increasing their wearability while maintaining a strong force output. We evaluated the force output of the actuators, along with their performance over time. In a blocked force test, the maximum force transmission of the pneumatic textile actuators was 36.1N, which is 95.3% of the peak force output of an elastomeric pneumatic actuator with the same diameter and pressure. Cyclical testing showed that the textile actuators had more stable behavior over time. These results provide best practices for fabrication and indicate the feasibility of textile pneumatic actuators for future wearable applications. Textile ; Fabrication ; Actuator ; Pneumatic actuator ; Mechanical engineering ; Engineering ; Computer science ; Materials science ; Electrical engineering ; Composite material ; Medicine Textile materials and evaluations
Authors: Thomas Lavigne | Stéphane Urcun | Emmanuelle Jacquet | Jérôme Chambert | Aflah Elouneg | Camilo A. Suarez‐Afanador | Stéphane Bordas | Giuseppe Sciumè | Pierre‐Yves Rohan
Source: SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository (preprint, 2024-12-10)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Poromechanical modelling of the time-dependent response of in vivo human skin during extension This paper proposes a proof of concept application of a biphasic constitutive model to identify the mechanical properties of in vivo human skin under extension. Although poromechanics theory has been extensively used to model other soft biological tissues, only a few studies have been published for skin, and most have been limited to ex vivo or in silico conditions. However, in vivo procedures are crucial to determine the subject-specific properties at different body sites. This study focuses on cyclic uni-axial extension of the upper arm skin, using unpublished data collected by Chambert et al. Our analysis shows that a two-layer finite element model allows representing all relevant features of the observed mechanical response to the imposed external loading, which was composed, in this contribution, of four loading-sustaining-unloading cycles. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between the calibrated model and the measured Force-time response was 8.84e-3 N. Our biphasic model represents a preliminary step toward investigating the mechanical conditions responsible for the onset of injury. It allows for the analysis of changes in Interstitial Fluid (IF) pressure, flow, and osmotic pressure, in addition to the mechanical fields. Future work will focus on the interaction of multiple biochemical factors and the complex network of regulatory signals. Extension (predicate logic) ; Computer science ; In vivo ; Neuroscience ; Psychology ; Biology ; Biotechnology Textile materials and evaluations
Authors: Vince Maes | Ignace Bossuyt | Hannes Vandecasteele | W. Dekeyser | Julian Koellermeier | Martine Baelmans | Giovanni Samaey
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-03-30)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Predicting the statistical error of analog particle tracing Monte Carlo Large particle systems are often described by high-dimensional (linear) kinetic equations that are simulated using Monte Carlo methods for which the asymptotic convergence rate is independent of the dimensionality. Even though the asymptotic convergence rate is known, predicting the actual value of the statistical error remains a challenging problem. In this paper, we show how the statistical error of an analog particle tracing Monte Carlo method can be calculated (expensive) and predicted a priori (cheap) when estimating quantities of interest (QoI) on a histogram. We consider two types of QoI estimators: point estimators for which each particle provides one independent contribution to the QoI estimates, and analog estimators for which each particle provides multiple correlated contributions to the QoI estimates. The developed statistical error predictors can be applied to other QoI estimators and nonanalog simulation routines as well. The error analysis is based on interpreting the number of particle visits to a histogram bin as the result of a (correlated) binomial experiment. The resulting expressions can be used to optimize (non)analog particle tracing Monte Carlo methods and hybrid simulation methods involving a Monte Carlo component, as well as to select an optimal particle tracing Monte Carlo method from several available options. Additionally, the cheap statistical error predictors can be used to determine a priori the number of particles N that is needed to reach a desired accuracy. We illustrate the theory using a linear kinetic equation describing neutral particles in the plasma edge of a fusion device and show numerical results. The code used to perform the numerical experiments is openly available. Monte Carlo method ; Statistical physics ; Monte Carlo method in statistical physics ; Tracing ; Computer science ; Statistics ; Hybrid Monte Carlo ; Mathematics ; Physics ; Markov chain Monte Carlo Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques ; Advancements in Photolithography Techniques ; Non-Destructive Testing Techniques