jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Sai Venkata Gayathri Ayyagari | Santosh Daware | Beena Rai
Source: Surfaces and Interfaces (article, 2021-01-28)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Data-driven approach to optimize composition and process parameters of hydrophobic coating formulation Coating ; Contact angle ; Materials science ; Composite material ; Spin coating ; Factorial experiment ; Adhesion ; Nanoparticle ; Polymer ; Nanotechnology ; Computer science Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity ; Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications ; Electrohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Silésia Fátima Curcino Da Silva | Bruno S. Zanatta | Adriano C. Rabelo | Otávio Luiz Bottecchia | José Roberto Tozoni | Osvaldo N. Oliveira | Alexandre Marletta
Source: Advanced Electronic Materials (article, 2021-04-08)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Flexible and Transparent Electrodes of Cu<sub>2−</sub><i><sub>X</sub></i>Se with Charge Transport via Direct Tunneling Effect Abstract In this paper, it is demonstrated that copper selenide (Cu 2− X Se) films onto polyester sheets may serve as transparent electrodes in inorganic–organic hybrid light emission devices (IOHLED), as possible replacement to indium tin oxide or fluorine‐doped tin oxide. The Cu 2− X Se film synthesized via bath chemical deposition is electrically stable with a sheet resistance of 148 Ω sq −1 and optical bandgap of 2.3 eV. IOHLED are made with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as an organic layer for hole transport and poly[2‐metoxy‐5‐(2‐ethylhexyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene] (MEH‐PPV) as electroluminescent semiconductor. The IOHLED emits in the visible range owing to the simultaneous emission from Cu 2− X Se and MEH‐PPV layers. The enhanced performance is explained by analyzing the charge transport mechanisms at the inorganic–organic interface, which for Cu 2− X Se/PEDOT:PSS changes from Fowler‐Nordheim to direct tunneling regardless of the device temperature (90–370 K). The onset voltage is 75% smaller than in the absence of the PEDOT:PSS layer due to a 27 meV decrease in the potential barrier, and the direct tunneling becomes more relevant to device performance than the sheet resistance of the Cu 2− X Se layer. Upon adding transparency, mechanical flexibility, and covering large areas, the ultrathin Cu 2− X Se films on polyester substrates permit new designs for electro‐optical devices with inorganic–organic heterojunctions. Materials science ; Sheet resistance ; PEDOT:PSS ; Optoelectronics ; Electroluminescence ; Indium tin oxide ; Quantum tunnelling ; Band gap ; Heterojunction ; Tin oxide ; Nanotechnology ; Layer (electronics) ; Doping Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties ; Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Research ; Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films
Authors: Badriyah Alhalaili | Ruxandra Vidu | Ileana Nicoleta Popescu | Dhanu Radha Samyamanthula | M. Saif Islam
Source: Sustainability (article, 2021-09-13)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Novel Approach to Synthesize Nanostructured Gallium Oxide for Devices Operating in Harsh Environmental Conditions The importance of Ga2O3-based material for harsh environmental applications has attracted the interest of researchers in exploring various fabrication and growth techniques of Ga2O3-based nanomaterials using effective and low-cost processes. Herein, a demonstration to improve the wettability of liquid gallium on a rough silicon surface is presented. To control the roughness process, the silicon surface was patterned and groove-shape structures on the silicon were created using a photoelectrochemical (PEC) etching technique. Gallium oxide nanostructures were grown by thermal oxidation from liquid Ga in the presence and the absence of a silver thin film used as a catalyst. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of the nanostructures grown on the roughed surface of the silicon substrate. The conformal deposition of Ga2O3 nanostructures inside the grooves of the PEC etched silicon surface was observed. The presence of Ag catalyst was found to completely change the morphology of Ga2O3. This method is recommended for the sustainable and low-cost synthesis of nanostructured gallium oxide for applications, including gas sensing. Materials science ; Silicon ; Gallium ; Nanotechnology ; Substrate (aquarium) ; Etching (microfabrication) ; Scanning electron microscope ; Wetting ; Oxide ; Nanostructure ; Deposition (geology) ; Nanomaterials ; Surface roughness ; Surface finish ; Epitaxy ; Chemical engineering ; Optoelectronics ; Layer (electronics) ; Metallurgy ; Composite material Ga2O3 and related materials ; ZnO doping and properties ; Semiconductor materials and devices
Authors: Wei Yang Lim | Danwei Zhang | Samantha Faye Duran Solco | Xian Yi Tan | Chee Kiang Ivan Tan | Jianwei Xu | Ady Suwardi
Source: Frontiers in Physics (article, 2021-11-29)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Physical Intuition to Improve Electronic Properties of Thermoelectrics Thermoelectrics convert heat to electricity and vice versa. They are of technological importance in cooling and energy harvesting. Their performances are defined by figure of merit, zT . Decades of studies have largely focused on the development of novel and advanced materials reaching higher performance in devices. To date, the lack of sufficiently high-performance thermoelectrics, especially among Earth-abundant and lightweight materials, is one of the reasons why there is no broad commercial application of thermoelectric devices yet. This challenge is due to the complex correlations of parameters that make up the zT . Theoretical estimation can reveal the optimal charge carrier concentration, which can provide a good idea of doping compositions. Depending on the material characteristics, decoupling these intercorrelated parameters could be viable. Broadly speaking, increasing carrier mobility, inducing a large fluctuation in density of states (DOS) at the Fermi level, and lowering the lattice thermal conductivity lead to better thermoelectric performance. In this mini review, we provide a broad picture of electronic property optimization for thermoelectric materials. This work will be a useful guide to quickly take readers to the forefront of thermoelectric research. Thermoelectric materials ; Thermoelectric effect ; Engineering physics ; Figure of merit ; Electricity ; Decoupling (probability) ; Materials science ; Nanotechnology ; Computer science ; Electrical engineering ; Optoelectronics ; Physics ; Engineering Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices ; Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics ; Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies
Authors: Bin Deng | Wanrong Li | Bin Du | Rubai Luo | Shisheng Zhou
Source: AIP Advances (article, 2021-02-01)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Superwetting interfaces for oil/water separation Superhydrophobic coatings have been applied in various fields. The materials used in the preparation of superhydrophobic coatings have attracted the attention of scholars. Due to the harm of fluorine-containing substances with low surface energy to the environment, fluorine-free superhydrophobic coatings have become a hotspot in the research field. Herein, a fluorine-free superhydrophobic coating with oil/water separation was made by a solution immersion way. The fluorine-free copolymer and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were mixed to prepare a composite solution, and the superhydrophobic surface was obtained on the paper by a dipping method. The scanning electron microscope, x-ray photoelectron spectrometer, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and Fourier transform infrared were used to study the surface characteristics and structural composition of the superhydrophobic material. The research proved that the copolymer and PDMS/SiO2 NPs were successfully coated on the paper surface, and the rough structure of the superhydrophobic surface was also attributed to the introduction of the copolymer and PDMS/SiO2 NPs. The evaluation of the coating has proved its excellent hydrophobicity, oil/water separation performance, and self-cleaning performance. The coating is a sustainable and environmentally friendly superhydrophobic material that can be used in packaging, construction, petrochemical, and other industries. Materials science ; Polydimethylsiloxane ; Coating ; Contact angle ; Copolymer ; Chemical engineering ; Fluorine ; Superhydrophobic coating ; Surface energy ; Surface modification ; Nanotechnology ; Composite material ; Polymer Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity ; Aerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation ; Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer
Authors: Yueming He
Source: E3S Web of Conferences (article, 2021-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Research on the Role of Art Creation in Ceramic Material Product Design Based on the Perspective of Innovation Materials are the material basis for product design, and many products design needs to be achieved through Ceramic materials. Materials are not only the material basis of products, but also the hallmark of social civilization. The choice of Ceramic materials is not only one of the decisive factors for the success of product design, but also the key to the artistic aesthetic of the product. The perfect shape, color and function are important, and the material texture can not be ignored, it will affect the final effect of product design. The application of Ceramic materials in product design is too stylized, which seriously restricts the innovative role of Ceramic materials in product design. It is necessary to re-recognize the design characteristics and functions of Ceramic materials and explore their application methods and means. This paper analyzes the importance and complexity of material selection in product design under the perspective of innovation, and further explores the role of material art creation in product design, summarizes the basic principles and methods of material selection in product design, and hopes to pass scientific Ceramic materials. Choose to optimize the design of your product. Product design ; Product (mathematics) ; Ceramic ; Material selection ; Product engineering ; Product innovation ; Perspective (graphical) ; Function (biology) ; New product development ; Computer science ; Manufacturing engineering ; Engineering ; Business ; Marketing ; Knowledge management ; Materials science ; Mathematics Pigment Synthesis and Properties ; Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
Authors: Angela Nguyen | Xavier D Antoine-Goeas | Muhammad Sulman | Linh Le Vuong Tra | Charles T. Cox | Ozcan Gulacar
Source: Education Sciences (article, 2021-10-19)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

A Qualitative Investigation of the Interactions of Students with Graduate and Undergraduate TAs in General Chemistry Laboratories A new teaching assistant model was adopted and qualitatively assessed for the general chemistry laboratory, in which both an undergraduate and a graduate teaching assistant provided instruction to students during the lab. Verbal interactions between graduate and undergraduate teaching assistants were recorded, transcribed, and coded using the modified Laboratory Observation Protocol for Undergraduate STEM (LOPUS). The codes were applied to capture how discussions, questioning, and explanations were conducted. In addition, the content discussed was coded to identify specific areas that pose challenges for students. Sizable differences were not observed between the number of interactions of the initiation, explanation, and questioning codes between graduate and undergraduate teaching assistants. Of the interactions, 77% focused on questions and discussions regarding the experimental setup. Discussions on the implications with regards to the effective use of undergraduate and graduate teaching assistants in chemistry laboratories are included. Graduate students ; Teaching assistant ; Undergraduate research ; Mathematics education ; Qualitative research ; Protocol (science) ; Medical education ; Psychology ; Chemistry ; Pedagogy ; Medicine ; Sociology Various Chemistry Research Topics ; Innovative Teaching Methods ; Experimental Learning in Engineering
Authors: Gunnar Schwarz
Source: CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry (article, 2021-02-27)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Questions for Classroom Response Systems and Teaching Instrumental Element Analysis Asking students questions is a central, although understudied and underappreciated, ingredient of teaching. Formative questioning provides many opportunities for teachers and students, <i>e.g.</i> to practice skills and receive feedback. Among other approaches, classroom response systems (CRSs), which run on the mobile electronic devices of students, facilitate such active engagement of students in the lecture hall. This paper presents an overview on questions for teaching with a focus on questions for CRSs and provides considerations and brief guidelines for the development of multiple-choice questions. Examples from a mid-sized analytical chemistry lecture illustrate additional challenges and different probes for potential misconceptions. Moreover, limitations of valid interpretation of students' responses are emphasized. This leads to a discussion of the value of incorporating prompts for justifications into questions. Formative assessment ; Interpretation (philosophy) ; Mathematics education ; Element (criminal law) ; Value (mathematics) ; Psychology ; Teaching method ; Computer science ; Engineering ethics ; Engineering Various Chemistry Research Topics ; Innovative Teaching Methods ; Experimental Learning in Engineering
Authors: Qiufang Zheng
Source: International Journal of TESOL Studies (article, 2021-06-01)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Chinese University Students’ Perceptions of the Use and Effectiveness of Turnitin in EAP Writing Student plagiarism has been prevalent in academic discourse. This paper investigates through a questionnaire and interviews the use and effectiveness of Turnitin, a major plagiarism detection system, in Chinese university students' EAP writing in a Sino-foreign joint institute in Shanghai. The study finds except for its online marking tool GradeMark, Turnitin has been well-received by most students. Two most welcomed features are the similarity report and its convenience in submitting assignments. Besides, most students perceived Turnitin as an effective tool in reflecting and reducing plagiarism in their writing. However, the study also shows although students' general understanding of the Western concept of plagiarism has been greatly improved, some students may still have misconceptions, and lack sufficient knowledge of what constitutes plagiarism, which can be a major factor contributing to the high similarity rate in their writing on Turnitin. Based on these findings, the study puts forward suggestions on how to reduce student plagiarism in EAP writing, in particular pointing out the introduction of Turnitin in EAP writing instruction in EFL contexts may help to cut down plagiarism. Psychology ; Perception ; Academic writing ; Mathematics education ; Pedagogy ; Sociology Ferrocene Chemistry and Applications
Authors: Sanjay Goswami | Kshama D. Dhobale | Ravindra Wavhale | Barnali Goswami | Shashwat S. Banerjee
Source: Applied AI Letters (article, 2021-11-10)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Computer vision and machine‐learning techniques for quantification and predictive modeling of intracellular <scp>anticancer</scp> drug delivery by nanocarriers Abstract The field of cancer nanomedicine has made significant progress, but its clinical translation is impeded by many challenges, such as the difficulty in analyzing intracellular anticancer drug release by the nanocarriers due to the lack of suitable tools. Here, we propose the development of an image‐based strategy involving machine learning (ML) to evaluate anticancer drug such as doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) released by a nanocarrier inside the HCT116 colon cancer cells and its subsequent intracellular accumulation. This technique combines fluorescent cell imaging with ML‐based image analysis to assess and quantify the delivery of DOX by nanoparticles within them. We show that DOX in HCT116 cells was higher for multifunctional CNT‐DOX‐Fe 3 O 4 nanocarrier than free DOX, indicating efficient and steady release of DOX as well as superior retentive property of the nanocarrier. Initially (1 and 4 hours), the luminance intensity of DOX in the cell cytoplasm delivered by CNT‐DOX‐Fe 3 O 4 nanocarrier was ~0.34 and ~0.42 times lesser than that of free DOX delivered normally. However, at 24 and 48 hours posttreatment, the luminance intensity of DOX for CNT‐DOX‐Fe 3 O 4 nanocarrier was ~1.98 and ~1.92 times higher than that of free DOX. Furthermore, the luminance intensity of DOX for CNT‐DOX‐Fe 3 O 4 in the whole cell was ~1.35 and ~1.62 times higher than that of free DOX at 24 and 48 hours, respectively. The high‐throughput nature of our image analysis workflow allowed us to automate the process of DOX retention analysis and enabled us to devise ML‐based modeling to predict the percentage of anticancer drug retention in cells. The development of models to automatically quantify and predict intracellular drug release in cancer cells could benefit personalized treatments by optimizing the design of nanocarriers. Nanocarriers ; Doxorubicin ; Nanomedicine ; Drug delivery ; Cancer cell ; Drug ; Intracellular ; Nanotechnology ; Chemistry ; Pharmacology ; Cancer ; Nanoparticle ; Materials science ; Biophysics ; Medicine ; Chemotherapy ; Biology ; Biochemistry ; Surgery ; Internal medicine Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; 3D Printing in Biomedical Research ; Cell Image Analysis Techniques
Authors: Lukas Payne | Francesco Masia | Attilio Zilli | Wiebke Albrecht | Paola Borri | W. Langbein
Source: The Journal of Chemical Physics (article, 2021-01-26)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Quantitative morphometric analysis of single gold nanoparticles by optical extinction microscopy: Material permittivity and surface damping effects Quantifying the optical extinction cross section of a plasmonic nanoparticle has recently emerged as a powerful means to characterize the nanoparticle morphologically, i.e., to determine its size and shape with a precision comparable to electron microscopy while using a simple optical microscope. In this context, a critical piece of information to solve the inverse problem, namely, calculating the particle geometry from the measured cross section, is the material permittivity. For bulk gold, many datasets have been reported in the literature, raising the question of which one is more adequate to describe specific systems at the nanoscale. Another question is how the nanoparticle interface, not present in the bulk material, affects its permittivity. In this work, we have investigated the role of the material permittivities on the morphometric characterization of defect-free ultra-uniform gold nanospheres with diameters of 10 nm and 30 nm, following a quantitative analysis of the polarization- and spectrally-resolved extinction cross section on hundreds of individual nanoparticles. The measured cross sections were fitted using an ellipsoid model. By minimizing the fit error or the variation of the fitted dimensions with color channel selection, the material permittivity dataset and the surface damping parameter g best describing the nanoparticles are found to be the single crystal dataset by Olmon et al. [Phys. Rev. B 86, 235147 (2012)] and g ≈ 1, respectively. The resulting nanoparticle geometries are in good agreement with transmission electron microscopy of the same sample batches, including both 2D projection and tomography. Nanoparticle ; Materials science ; Permittivity ; Optics ; Microscopy ; Extinction (optical mineralogy) ; Dielectric ; Relative permittivity ; Context (archaeology) ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Colloidal gold ; Molecular physics ; Nanotechnology ; Physics ; Optoelectronics Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research ; Digital Holography and Microscopy
Authors: Hye Kyeong Kwon | Hyunwoo Choi | Sung‐Gyoo Park | Woo Jin Park | Do Han Kim | Zee‐Yong Park
Source: Molecules and Cells (article, 2021-06-22)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Integrated Quantitative Phosphoproteomics and Cell-Based Functional Screening Reveals Specific Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy-Related Phosphorylation Sites Cardiac hypertrophic signaling cascades resulting in heart failure diseases are mediated by protein phosphorylation. Recent developments in mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics have led to the identification of thousands of differentially phosphorylated proteins and their phosphorylation sites. However, functional studies of these differentially phosphorylated proteins have not been conducted in a large-scale or high-throughput manner due to a lack of methods capable of revealing the functional relevance of each phosphorylation site. In this study, an integrated approach combining quantitative phosphoproteomics and cell-based functional screening using phosphorylation competition peptides was developed. A pathological cardiac hypertrophy model, junctate-1 transgenic mice and control mice, were analyzed using label-free quantitative phosphoproteomics to identify differentially phosphorylated proteins and sites. A cell-based functional assay system measuring hypertrophic cell growth of neonatal rat ventricle cardiomyocytes (NRVMs) following phenylephrine treatment was applied, and changes in phosphorylation of individual differentially phosphorylated sites were induced by incorporation of phosphorylation competition peptides conjugated with cell-penetrating peptides. Cell-based functional screening against 18 selected phosphorylation sites identified three phosphorylation sites (Ser-98, Ser-179 of Ldb3, and Ser-1146 of palladin) displaying near-complete inhibition of cardiac hypertrophic growth of NRVMs. Changes in phosphorylation levels of Ser-98 and Ser-179 in Ldb3 were further confirmed in NRVMs and other pathological/physiological hypertrophy models, including transverse aortic constriction and swimming models, using site-specific phospho-antibodies. Our integrated approach can be used to identify functionally important phosphorylation sites among differentially phosphorylated sites, and unlike conventional approaches, it is easily applicable for large-scale and/or high-throughput analyses. Phosphoproteomics ; Phosphorylation ; Protein phosphorylation ; Cell biology ; Biology ; Phosphorylation cascade ; Protein kinase A Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Cardiomyopathy and Myosin Studies ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications