jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Manuel Matzinger | Rupert L. Mayer | Karl Mechtler
Source: PROTEOMICS (review, 2023-02-19)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Label‐free single cell proteomics utilizing ultrafast LC and MS instrumentation: A valuable complementary technique to multiplexing The ability to map a proteomic fingerprint to transcriptomic data would master the understanding of how gene expression translates into actual phenotype. In contrast to nucleic acid sequencing, in vitro protein amplification is impossible and no single cell proteomic workflow has been established as gold standard yet. Advances in microfluidic sample preparation, multi-dimensional sample separation, sophisticated data acquisition strategies, and intelligent data analysis algorithms have resulted in major improvements to successfully analyze such tiny sample amounts with steadily boosted performance. However, among the broad variation of published approaches, it is commonly accepted that highest possible sensitivity, robustness, and throughput are still the most urgent needs for the field. While many labs have focused on multiplexing to achieve these goals, label-free SCP is a highly promising strategy as well whenever high dynamic range and unbiased accurate quantification are needed. We here focus on recent advances in label-free single-cell mass spectrometry workflows and try to guide our readers to choose the best method or combinations of methods for their specific applications. We further highlight which techniques are most propitious in the future and which applications but also limitations we foresee for the field. Instrumentation (computer programming) ; Proteomics ; Multiplexing ; Chemistry ; Computational biology ; Chromatography ; Computer science ; Nanotechnology ; Biology ; Materials science ; Biochemistry ; Telecommunications Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Advanced Biosensing Techniques and Applications
Authors: Hunter S. Sims | Mingji Dai
Source: The Journal of Organic Chemistry (review, 2023-01-27)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylations: Application in Complex Natural Product Total Synthesis and Recent Developments Carbon monoxide is a cheap and abundant C1 building block that can be readily incorporated into organic molecules to rapidly build structural complexity. In this Perspective, we outline several recent (since 2015) examples of palladium-catalyzed carbonylations in streamlining complex natural product total synthesis and highlight the strategic importance of these carbonylation reactions in the corresponding synthesis. The selected examples include spinosyn A, callyspongiolide, perseanol, schizozygane alkaloids, cephanolides, and bisdehydroneostemoninine and related stemona alkaloids. We also provide our perspective about the recent advancements and future developments of palladium-catalyzed carbonylations. Chemistry ; Carbonylation ; Palladium ; Natural product ; Total synthesis ; Catalysis ; Combinatorial chemistry ; Carbon monoxide ; Organic chemistry ; Biochemical engineering Advanced Synthetic Organic Chemistry ; Alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology ; Chemical synthesis and alkaloids
Authors: Shu‐Min Guo | Soohee Huh | Max Coehlo | Li Shen | Grégory Pieters | Olivier Baudoin
Source: Nature Chemistry (article, 2023-04-06)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

A C–H activation-based enantioselective synthesis of lower carbo[n]helicenes The three-dimensional structure of carbohelicenes has fascinated generations of molecular chemists and has been exploited in a wide range of applications. Their strong circularly polarized luminescence has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to promising applications in new optical materials. Although the enantioselective synthesis of fused carbo- and heterohelicenes has been achieved, a direct catalytic enantioselective method allowing the synthesis of lower, non-fused carbo[n]helicenes (n = 4-6) is still lacking. We report here that Pd-catalysed enantioselective C-H arylation in the presence of a unique bifunctional phosphine-carboxylate ligand provides a simple and general access to these lower carbo[n]helicenes. Computational mechanistic studies indicate that both the C-H activation and reductive elimination steps contribute to the overall enantioselectivity. The observed enantio-induction seems to arise from a combination of non-covalent interactions and steric repulsion between the substrate and ligand during the two key reductive elimination steps. The photophysical and chiroptical properties of the synthesized scalemic [n]helicenes have been systematically studied. Chemistry ; Enantioselective synthesis ; Stereochemistry ; Combinatorial chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Catalysis Synthesis and Properties of Aromatic Compounds ; Axial and Atropisomeric Chirality Synthesis ; Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry
Authors: Anoop Puthiyoth Dayanandan | Woong Jin Cho | H. Y. Kang | Alvin Bacero Bello | Byoung‐Ju Kim | Yoshie Arai | Soo‐Hong Lee
Source: Biomaterials Research (review, 2023-02-09)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Emerging nano-scale delivery systems for the treatment of osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a pathological condition characterized by an accelerated bone resorption rate, resulting in decreased bone density and increased susceptibility to fractures, particularly among the elderly population. While conventional treatments for osteoporosis have shown efficacy, they are associated with certain limitations, including limited drug bioavailability, non-specific administration, and the occurrence of adverse effects. In recent years, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising approach for managing osteoporosis. Nanoparticles possess unique physicochemical properties, such as a small size, large surface area-to-volume ratio, and tunable surface characteristics, which enable them to overcome the limitations of conventional therapies. These nanoparticles offer several advantages, including enhanced drug stability, controlled release kinetics, targeted bone tissue delivery, and improved drug bioavailability. This comprehensive review aims to provide insights into the recent advancements in nanoparticle-based therapy for osteoporosis. It elucidates the various types of nanoparticles employed in this context, including silica, polymeric, solid lipid, and metallic nanoparticles, along with their specific processing techniques and inherent properties that render them suitable as potential drug carriers for osteoporosis treatment. Furthermore, this review discusses the challenges and future suggestions associated with the development and translation of nanoparticle drug delivery systems for clinical use. These challenges encompass issues such as scalability, safety assessment, and regulatory considerations. However, despite these challenges, the utilization of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems holds immense promise in revolutionizing the field of osteoporosis management by enabling more effective and targeted therapies, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes. Osteoporosis ; Drug delivery ; Nanotechnology ; Context (archaeology) ; Bioavailability ; Medicine ; Materials science ; Pharmacology ; Internal medicine Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Bone Tissue Engineering Materials ; Bone health and osteoporosis research
Authors: Huibao Chen | Yafei Ding | Guimei Zhu | Liu Yu | Qun Fang | Xue Bai | Yan Zhao | Xin Li | Xingyi Huang | Tong‐Yi Zhang | Baowen Li | Bin Sun
Source: npj Flexible Electronics (article, 2023-05-08)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A new route to fabricate flexible, breathable composites with advanced thermal management capability for wearable electronics Abstract Wearable electronics with miniaturization and high-power density call for devices with advanced thermal management capabilities, outstanding flexibility, and excellent permeability. However, it is difficult to achieve these goals simultaneously due to the conflict between high thermal conductivity and permeability and flexibility. Here, we report an approach to fabricate flexible, breathable composites with advanced thermal management capability by coating the boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) layer with high thermal conductivity on the grids of patterned electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fibrous mats. The composite exhibited a significant enhancement of thermal conductivity and preserved instinctive breathability simultaneously. When the composite was integrated into flexible devices, its saturating operating temperature dropped significantly compared to that of pure Ecoflex packaging. Moreover, the surface temperature fluctuation was less than 0.5 °C during more than 2000 cycles bending-releasing process. Finally, a prototype to fabricate wearable electronics with advanced thermal management capability was proposed. Materials science ; Thermal conductivity ; Miniaturization ; Electronics ; Composite material ; Composite number ; Coating ; Wearable technology ; Boron nitride ; Flexible electronics ; Nanotechnology ; Wearable computer ; Computer science ; Electrical engineering ; Engineering ; Embedded system Thermal properties of materials ; Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials ; Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices
Authors: Zan Huang | Zhaochun Lyu | Peifang Luo | Guoqing Zhang | Wenxuan Ying | A. Chen | Hua Xiao
Source: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (article, 2023-12-18)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Effects of Methanol–Ammonia Blending Ratio on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Compression Ignition Engine Sustainable ammonia is one of the leading candidates in the search for alternative clean fuels for marine applications. This paper aims to build a simulation model of a six-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine to investigate the effects of increasing the ammonia proportion in methanol–ammonia fuel blends on engine performance and emissions. In the present study, the conditions of different speeds and different proportions of ammonia in fuel blends are investigated. The results show that the average effective pressure, brake power, and brake torque increase by about 5% with an increased ammonia substitution ratio. In terms of economic performance, the changes under medium and low speed conditions are not obvious. However, the change in high speed conditions is significant. The brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) is reduced by 6.6%, and the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) is increased by 4%. It is found that the performance of the engine is best at medium speed. The best performance is achieved with higher efficiency and lower emissions. The present results can provide guidance for the optimization of ammonia–methanol blends and their applications in engines. Brake specific fuel consumption ; Compression ratio ; Automotive engineering ; Thermal efficiency ; Mean effective pressure ; Ammonia ; Fuel efficiency ; Diesel fuel ; Engine power ; Environmental science ; Thrust specific fuel consumption ; Materials science ; Ignition system ; Methanol ; Diesel engine ; Volumetric efficiency ; Brake ; Power (physics) ; Combustion ; Chemistry ; Internal combustion engine ; Thermodynamics ; Engineering Catalytic Processes in Materials Science ; Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies ; Vehicle emissions and performance
Authors: Fangfang Li
Source: Molecules (review, 2023-02-15)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Comprehensive Review of Recent Research Advances on Flame-Retardant Coatings for Building Materials: Chemical Ingredients, Micromorphology, and Processing Techniques Developing fire-retardant building materials is vital in reducing fire loss. The design and preparation of novel fire-retardant coatings merely require the adhesion of flame retardants with high fire-retardant characteristics on the surface, which is significantly more economical than adding excessive amounts of flame retardants into bulk building materials. Meanwhile, fire-retardant coating has excellent performance because it can block the self-sustaining mechanisms of heat and mass transfer over combustion interfaces. In recent years, research of fire-retardant coatings for building materials has been subject to rapid development, and a variety of novel environmentally benign fire-retardant coatings have been reported. Nonetheless, as the surface characteristics of various flammable building materials are contrastively different, selecting chemical ingredients and controlling the physical morphology of fire-retardant coatings for specific building materials is rather complicated. Thus, it is urgent to review the ideas and preparation methods for new fire-retardant coatings. This paper summarizes the latest research progress of fire-retardant building materials, focusing on the compositions and performances of fire-retardant coatings, as well as the principles of their bottom-up design and preparation methods on the surface of building materials. Fire retardant ; Flammable liquid ; Coating ; Materials science ; Forensic engineering ; Waste management ; Nanotechnology ; Composite material ; Engineering Flame retardant materials and properties ; Fire dynamics and safety research ; Polymer composites and self-healing
Authors: Osama A. Madkhali
Source: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal (review, 2023-08-06)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A comprehensive review on potential applications of metallic nanoparticles as antifungal therapies to combat human fungal diseases Human pathogenic fungi are responsible for causing a range of infection types including mucosal, skin, and invasive infections. Life-threatening and invasive fungal infections (FIs) are responsible for mortality and morbidity, especially for individuals with compromised immune function. The number of currently available therapeutic agents against invasive FIs is limited compared to that against bacterial infections. In addition, the increased mortality and morbidity caused by FIs are linked to the limited number of available antifungal agents, antifungal resistance, and the increased toxicity of these agents. Currently available antifungal agents have several drawbacks in efficiency, efficacy, toxicity, activity spectrum, and selectivity. It has already been demonstrated with numerous metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) that these nanoparticles can serve as an effective and alternative solution as fungicidal agents. MNPs have great potential owing to their intrinsic antifungal properties and potential to deliver antifungal drugs. For instance, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have the capacity to disturb mitochondrial calcium homeostasis induced AuNP-mediated cell death in <i>Candida albicans</i>. In addition, both copper nanoparticles and copper oxide nanoparticles exerted significant suppressive properties against pathogenic fungi. Silver nanoparticles showed strong antifungal properties against numerous pathogenic fungi, such as <i>Stachybotrys chartarum</i>, <i>Mortierella alpina</i>, <i>Chaetomium globosum</i>, <i>A. fumigatus</i>, <i>Cladosporium cladosporioides</i>, <i>Penicillium brevicompactum</i>, <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i>, <i>C. tropicalis</i>, and <i>C. albicans</i>. Iron oxide nanoparticles showed potent antifungal activities against <i>A. niger</i> and <i>P. chrysogenum</i>. It has also been reported that zinc oxide nanoparticles can significantly inhibit fungal growth. These NPs have already exerted potent antifungal properties against a number of pathogenic fungal species including <i>Candida</i>, <i>Aspergillus</i>, <i>Fusarium</i>, and many others. Several strategies are currently used for the research and development of antifungal NPs including chemical modification of NPs and combination with the available drugs. This review has comprehensively presented the current and innovative antifungal approach using MNPs. Moreover, different types of MNPs, their physicochemical characteristics, and production techniques have been summarized in this review. Candida albicans ; Microbiology ; Biology ; Aspergillus fumigatus ; Fungicide ; Chemistry Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity ; Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection
Authors: Anna Lazaridou | Louise R. Smith | Samuel Pattisson | Nicholas F. Dummer | Joost Smit | Peter Johnston | Graham J. Hutchings
Source: Nature Reviews Chemistry (review, 2023-02-23)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Recognizing the best catalyst for a reaction Catalysis ; Performance indicator ; Vinyl chloride ; Methanol ; Process engineering ; Methane ; Environmental science ; Acetylene ; Computer science ; Chemistry ; Biochemical engineering ; Chemical engineering ; Organic chemistry ; Business ; Engineering Catalytic Processes in Materials Science ; Ammonia Synthesis and Nitrogen Reduction ; Catalysis and Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Lei Guo | Jiayue Han | Jun Wang
Source: Journal of Materials Chemistry C (article, 2023-12-25)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Recent advances in enhancing the photodetector performance of 2D materials by combining them with organic thin films Two dimension (2D) material-based photodetectors usually indicate excellent properties such as ultrafast and broadband response, but the atomic thickness of 2D materials usually leads to low absorption coefficient. Photodetector ; Materials science ; Ultrashort pulse ; Broadband ; Attenuation coefficient ; Optoelectronics ; Absorption (acoustics) ; Thin film ; Nanotechnology ; Optics ; Composite material ; Laser 2D Materials and Applications ; Ga2O3 and related materials ; Nanowire Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Mohammad Khairul Basher | Mohammad Nur‐E‐Alam | Md Momtazur Rahman | Kamal Alameh | Steven Hinckley
Source: Buildings (article, 2023-03-25)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Aesthetically Appealing Building Integrated Photovoltaic Systems for Net-Zero Energy Buildings. Current Status, Challenges, and Future Developments—A Review With the sharp increase in global energy demand, industrial and residential buildings are responsible for around 40% of the energy consumed with most of this energy portion being generated by non-renewable sources, which significantly contribute to global warming and environmental hazards. The net-zero energy building (NZEB) concept attempts to solve the global warming issue, whereby a building will produce, on-site, its required energy demand throughout the year from renewable energy sources. This can be achieved by integrating photovoltaic (PV) building materials, called building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) modules, throughout the building skin, which simultaneously act as construction materials and energy generators. Currently, architects and builders are inclined to design a building using BIPV modules due to the limited colors available, namely, black or blue, which result in a monotonous building appearance. Therefore, there is an increasing demand/need to develop modern, aesthetically pleasing BIPV green energy products for the use of architects and the construction industry. This review article presents the current stage and future goal of advanced building integrated photovoltaic systems, focusing on the aesthetically appealing BIPV systems, and their applications towards overcoming global challenges and stepping forward to achieve a sustainable green energy building environment. Additionally, we present the summary and outlook for the future development of aesthetically appealing building integrated photovoltaic systems. Building-integrated photovoltaics ; Zero-energy building ; Photovoltaic system ; Architectural engineering ; Renewable energy ; Green building ; Energy engineering ; Engineering ; Computer science ; Electrical engineering Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials ; Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies ; Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems
Authors: David Hähnel | Christian Golla | Maximilian Albert | Thomas Zentgraf | Viktor Myroshnychenko | Jens Förstner | C. Meier
Source: Light Science & Applications (article, 2023-04-21)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

A multi-mode super-fano mechanism for enhanced third harmonic generation in silicon metasurfaces We present strong enhancement of third harmonic generation in an amorphous silicon metasurface consisting of elliptical nano resonators. We show that this enhancement originates from a new type of multi-mode Fano mechanism. These 'Super-Fano' resonances are investigated numerically in great detail using full-wave simulations. The theoretically predicted behavior of the metasurface is experimentally verified by linear and nonlinear transmission spectroscopy. Moreover, quantitative nonlinear measurements are performed, in which an absolute conversion efficiency as high as η<sub>max</sub> ≈ 2.8 × 10<sup>-7</sup> a peak power intensity of 1.2 GW cm<sup>-2</sup> is found. Compared to an unpatterned silicon film of the same thickness amplification factors of up to ~900 are demonstrated. Our results pave the way to exploiting a strong Fano-type multi-mode coupling in metasurfaces for high THG in potential applications. Fano resonance ; Resonator ; Silicon ; Fano plane ; Second-harmonic generation ; Optics ; Optoelectronics ; Physics ; Nonlinear system ; Nonlinear optics ; Coupled mode theory ; Harmonic ; Materials science ; Plasmon ; Refractive index ; Laser ; Quantum mechanics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research ; Microwave Engineering and Waveguides
Authors: Jacinta C. Conrad | Megan L. Robertson
Source: JACS Au (review, 2023-02-06)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Shaping the Structure and Response of Surface-Grafted Polymer Brushes via the Molecular Weight Distribution Breadth in the molecular weight distribution is an inherent feature of synthetic polymer systems. While in the past this was typically considered as an unavoidable consequence of polymer synthesis, multiple recent studies have shown that tailoring the molecular weight distribution can alter the properties of polymer brushes grafted to surfaces. In this Perspective, we describe recent advances in synthetic methods to control the molecular weight distribution of surface-grafted polymers and highlight studies that reveal how shaping this distribution can generate novel or enhanced functionality in these materials. Polymer ; Molar mass distribution ; Materials science ; Distribution (mathematics) ; Nanotechnology ; Polymer science ; Polymer chemistry ; Composite material ; Mathematics Polymer Surface Interaction Studies ; Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization ; Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers