jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Srestha Basu | Adi Hendler‐Neumark | Gili Bisker
Source: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (review, 2024-10-08)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Dynamic Tracking of Biological Processes Using Near-Infrared Fluorescent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Biological processes are characterized by dynamic and elaborate temporal patterns driven by the interplay of genes, proteins, and cellular components that are crucial for adaptation to changing environments. This complexity spans from molecular to organismal scales, necessitating their real-time monitoring and tracking to unravel the active processes that fuel living systems and enable early disease detection, personalized medicine, and drug development. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), with their unique physicochemical and optical properties, have emerged as promising tools for real-time tracking of such processes. This perspective highlights the key properties of SWCNTs that make them ideal for such monitoring. Subsequently, it surveys studies utilizing SWCNTs to track dynamic biological phenomena across hierarchical levels─from molecules to cells, tissues, organs, and whole organisms─acknowledging their pivotal role in advancing this field. Finally, the review outlines challenges and future directions, aiming to expand the frontier of real-time biological monitoring using SWCNTs, contributing to deeper insights and novel applications in biomedicine. Materials science ; Carbon nanotube ; Fluorescence ; Infrared ; Nanotechnology ; Tracking (education) ; Carbon fibers ; Composite material ; Optics Carbon Nanotubes in Composites ; Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks ; Fullerene Chemistry and Applications
Authors: Himanshi Soni | Vicky Jain | Suhas Ballal | Indang Ariati Ariffin | Mamata Chahar | Suman Saini | Monika Bhattu | Harbinder Singh | Mikhaël Bechelany | Jagpreet Singh
Source: Nanomaterials (review, 2024-11-03)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

From Structure to Sensing: Molecular Mechanistic Insights into Plant-Derived Carbon Dots for Heavy Metal Ion Detection Plant-derived carbon dots (P-CDs) are gaining attention in environmental remediation due to their cost-effectiveness, availability, and lower toxicity compared with chemically synthesized carbon dots. This review comprehensively examines the recent advancements in the synthesis and application of P-CDs, with a particular emphasis on their efficacy in the sensing of heavy metals, which are among the most pervasive environmental contaminants. A detailed comparative analysis is presented by evaluating the performance of P-CDs against their chemically synthesized counterparts based on key parameters, such as optimal operating conditions and detection limits. Furthermore, sensing the potential of P-CDs towards every heavy metal ion has been discussed with in-depth mechanistic insights. Additionally, this review explores the industrial applications and future directions of P-CDs. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of -P-CDs for heavy metal sensing, aiming to enhance their sensitivity and selectivity toward heavy metal ions. Nanotechnology ; Carbon fibers ; Metal ions in aqueous solution ; Metal ; Heavy metals ; Environmental remediation ; Materials science ; Environmental chemistry ; Computer science ; Biochemical engineering ; Chemistry ; Contamination ; Engineering ; Metallurgy Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications ; Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity ; Mercury impact and mitigation studies
Authors: Wajiha Fatima | Syeda Rubab Batool | Farwa Mushtaq | Muhammad Aslam | Zulfiqar Ali Raza | Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer
Source: Materials Advances (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Controlled release of doxorubicin from gelatin-based nanoparticles: theoretical and experimental approach Doxorubicin (DOX), a well-known chemotherapeutic agent, is extensively used for cancer therapy. Doxorubicin ; Gelatin ; Nanoparticle ; Pharmacology ; Chemistry ; Medicine ; Chemotherapy ; Materials science ; Nanotechnology ; Internal medicine ; Biochemistry Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics ; Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications
Authors: Andrea Espinosa-Solís | Angélica Velázquez-Segura | Carlos Lara-Rodríguez | Luz María Martínez | Cristina Chuck‐Hernández | Lucio Rodríguez‐Sifuentes
Source: Processes (article, 2024-02-25)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Optimizing Chitin Extraction and Chitosan Production from House Cricket Flour Chitin and its derivative, chitosan, have diverse applications in fields such as agriculture, medicine, and biosensors, amongst others. Extraction is primarily conducted from marine sources, such as crustaceans, which have been the focus of process optimization studies. However, there are other sources that are more readily available, such as insects, where insufficient research has been conducted. The house cricket (Acheta domesticus) is a promising source for chitin extraction because of its high chitin content, availability, and short lifespan. Modern chemical chitin extraction methods have not been standardized due to the use of different reagents, molar concentrations, temperatures, and reaction times across publications. Therefore, in this study, the composition of Acheta domesticus cricket flour was determined: 2.62% humidity, 4.3% ash content, 56.29% protein, 13.35% fat, 23.44% carbohydrates, and 15.71% crude fiber content. After a drying, defatting, demineralization, deproteinization, and bleaching process, chitin extraction was performed, and chitosan was obtained via a deacetylation reaction. The demineralization process was standardized at 30 °C for 3 h using HCl 2 M, resulting in 95.85 ± 0.012%. The deproteinization process was optimized at 80 °C for 45 min using NaOH 2.56 M, yielding 43.23 ± 1.25%. Finally, the identity and physicochemical characteristics of the compounds were confirmed and determined through characterization with Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Chitin ; Chitosan ; Extraction (chemistry) ; Cricket ; Production (economics) ; Food science ; Pulp and paper industry ; Chemistry ; Biology ; Engineering ; Chromatography ; Zoology ; Economics ; Biochemistry Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging ; Polysaccharides Composition and Applications ; Botanical Research and Applications
Authors: Seiji Kojima
Source: Materials (review, 2024-01-07)
Field: Materials Science — Ceramics and Composites

Poisson’s Ratio of Glasses, Ceramics, and Crystals Poisson's ratio is the fundamental metric used to discuss the performance of any material when strained elastically. However, the methods of the determination of Poisson's ratio are not yet discussed well. The first purpose of this paper is to introduce the five kinds of typical experimental methods to measure Poisson's ratio of glasses, ceramics, and crystals. The second purpose is to discuss the experimental results on the variation of Poisson's ratio by composition, temperature, and pressure reviewed for various glasses, ceramics, and crystals, which are not yet reviewed. For example, in oxide glasses, the number of bridging oxygen atoms per glass-forming cation provides a straightforward estimation of network crosslinking using Poisson's ratio. In the structural-phase transition of crystals, Poisson's ratio shows remarkable temperature-dependence in the vicinity of a phase-transition temperature. The mechanism of these variations is discussed from physical and chemical points of view. The first-principles calculation of Poisson's ratio in the newly hypothesized compounds is also described, and its pressure-induced ductile-brittle transition is discussed. Materials science ; Ceramic ; Poisson's ratio ; Composite material ; Poisson distribution ; Mineralogy ; Mathematics ; Chemistry ; Statistics Glass properties and applications ; Material Dynamics and Properties ; Quasicrystal Structures and Properties
Authors: Yuetian Jia | Zhixiang Fan | Chao Qian | Philipp del Hougne | Hongsheng Chen
Source: Laser & Photonics Review (article, 2024-06-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Dynamic Inverse Design of Broadband Metasurfaces with Synthetical Neural Networks Abstract For over 35 years of research, the debate about the systematic compositionality of neural networks remains unchanged, arguing that existing artificial neural networks are inadequate cognitive models. Recent advancements in deep learning have significantly shaped the landscape of popular domains, however, the systematic combination of previously trained neural networks remains an open challenge. This study presents how to dynamically synthesize a neural network for the design of broadband electromagnetic metasurfaces. The underlying mechanism relies on an assembly network to adaptively integrate pre‐trained inherited networks in a transparent manner that corresponds to the metasurface assembly in physical space. This framework is poised to curtail data requirements and augment network flexibility, promising heightened practical utility in complex composition‐based tasks. Importantly, the intricate coupling effects between different metasurface segments are accurately captured. The approach for two broadband metasurface inverse design problems is exemplified, reaching accuracies of 96.7% and 95.5%. Along the way, the importance of suitably formatting the spectral data is highlighted to capture sharp spectral features. This study marks a significant leap forward in inheriting pre‐existing knowledge in neural‐network‐based inverse design, improving its adaptability for applications involving dynamically evolving tasks. Artificial neural network ; Computer science ; Broadband ; Flexibility (engineering) ; Artificial intelligence ; Telecommunications Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
Authors: Majid Ali | Shakir Ullah | Sami Ullah | Muhammad Shakeel | Tayyaba Afsar | Fohad Mabood Husain | Houda Amor | Suhail Razak
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2024-11-09)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Innovative biopolymers composite based thin film for wound healing applications Efficient wound and burn healing is crucial for minimising complications, preventing infections, and enhancing overall well-being, necessitating the development of innovative strategies. This study aimed to formulate a novel thin film combining chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose, tannic acid, and beeswax for improved wound healing applications. Several formulations, incorporating chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose, tannic acid, and beeswax in various percentages, were utilized to deposit thin films via the solvent evaporation technique, Mechanical properties, morphology, antioxidant activity, antibacterial efficacy, and wound healing potential were evaluated. The optimized thin film (M4), composed of 2% chitosan, 2% carboxymethyl cellulose, and 1% tannic acid, along with 0.2% glycerol and 0.2% tween80, exhibited a thickness of 39.0 ± 1.14 μm and a tensile strength of 0.275 ± 0.003 MPa. It demonstrated a swelling degree of 283.0 ± 2.0% and a drug release capacity of 89.4% within 24 h. The film also showed a low contact angle of 40.5° and a water vapour transmission rate of 1912.25 ± 13.10 g m−2 0.24 h−1. FT-IR spectroscopy indicated that chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose were cross-linked through amide linkages, with tannic acid occupying the interstitial spaces and hydrogen bonding stabilizing the structure. Microscopy of M4 revealed a uniform morphology. The film exhibited strong antioxidant activity of (95.17 ± 0.02%) and antibacterial efficiency (80.8%) against S. aureus. In a rabbit model, the film significantly enhanced burn and excision wound recovery, with 90.0 ± 3.3% healing for burns and 88.85 ± 1.7% for infected wounds by day 7. Complete skin regeneration was observed within 10–12 days. The M4 thin film demonstrated exceptional mechanical properties and bioactivity, offering protection against pathogens and promoting efficient wound healing. These findings suggest its potential for further investigation in treating various infections and its role in developing novel therapeutic interventions. Wound healing ; Composite number ; Thin film ; Materials science ; Biomedical engineering ; Composite material ; Computer science ; Medicine ; Nanotechnology ; Surgery Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications ; Silk-based biomaterials and applications ; Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
Authors: Obaydah Abd Alkader Alabrahim | Jude Majed Lababidi | Wolfgang Fritzsche | Hassan Mohamed El-Said Azzazy
Source: Nanoscale Advances (review, 2024-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Beyond aromatherapy: can essential oil loaded nanocarriers revolutionize cancer treatment? Cancer, a complex global health burden, necessitates the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. While chemotherapy remains the primary treatment approach, its severe side effects and chemoresistance drive the search for novel alternatives. Essential oils (EOs), consisting of diverse bioactive phytochemicals, offer promise as anticancer agents. However, their limitations, such as instability, limited bioavailability, and non-specific targeting, hinder their therapeutic potential. These challenges were circumvented by utilizing nanoparticles and nanosystems as efficient delivery platforms for EOs. This review highlights the accumulating evidence based on loading EOs into several nanocarriers, including polymeric nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, nanofibers, lipid-based nanocapsules and nanostructures, niosomes, and liposomes, as effective anticancer regimens. It covers extraction and chemical composition of EOs, their mechanisms of action, and targeting strategies to various tumors. Additionally, it delves into the diverse landscape of nanocarriers, including their advantages and considerations for cancer targeting and EO encapsulation. The effectiveness of EO-loaded nanocarriers in cancer targeting and treatment is examined, highlighting enhanced cellular uptake, controlled drug release, and improved therapeutic efficacy. Finally, the review addresses existing challenges and future perspectives, emphasizing the potential for clinical translation and personalized medicine approaches. Aromatherapy ; Nanocarriers ; Medicine ; Cancer ; Essential oil ; Pharmacology ; Chemistry ; Alternative medicine ; Internal medicine ; Chromatography Free Radicals and Antioxidants ; Bioactive Compounds and Antitumor Agents ; Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
Authors: Thomas Olsen
Source: 2D Materials (preprint, 2024-05-22)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Antiferromagnetism in two-dimensional materials: progress and computational challenges Abstract We present a perspective on the status of antiferromagnetism in two-dimensional (2D) materials. Various types of spin-compensated orders are discussed and include non-collinear order, spin spirals and altermagnetism. Spin–orbit effects ultimately determine, whether compounds exhibit long range order, Kosterlitz-Thouless physics, or multiferroic properties and we discuss the basic magnetic prototypes that may arise in 2D materials depending on the magnetic anisotropy and ordering vector. A summary of 2D antiferromagnets that have been characterized experimentally is provided—with particular emphasis on magnetic anisotropies and Neel temperatures. We then outline the ingredients needed to describe the magnetic properties using density functional theory. In particular, the systematic determination of magnetic ground states from the generalized Bloch theorem and the magnetic force theorem, which may be used to calculate magnetic excitations from the Heisenberg model with parameters determined from first principles. The methods are exemplified by application to the monolayer helimagnet NiBr 2 . Finally, we present a summary of predicted and prospective 2D antiferromagnets and discuss the challenges associated with the prediction of Néel temperatures from first principles. Antiferromagnetism ; Condensed matter physics ; Anisotropy ; Physics ; Spin (aerodynamics) ; Multiferroics ; Néel temperature ; Heisenberg model ; Magnetic anisotropy ; Magnetic field ; Quantum mechanics ; Magnetization ; Thermodynamics Multiferroics and related materials ; Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism ; 2D Materials and Applications
Authors: Ruihuan Cheng | Zezhu Zeng | Chen Wang | Niuchang Ouyang | Yue Chen
Source: Physical review. B./Physical review. B (article, 2024-02-14)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Impact of strain-insensitive low-frequency phonon modes on lattice thermal transport in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">A</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">B</mml:mi><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>-type perovskites Substrate induces mechanical strain on perovskite devices, which can result in alterations to its lattice dynamics and thermal transport. Herein, we have performed a theoretical investigation on the anharmonic lattice dynamics and thermal property of perovskite ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{2}{\mathrm{SnBr}}_{6}$ and ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{2}{\mathrm{SnBr}}_{6}$ under strains using perturbation theory up to the fourth-order terms and the unified thermal transport theory. We demonstrate a pronounced hardening of low-frequency optical phonons as temperature increases, indicating strong lattice anharmonicity and the necessity of adopting temperature-dependent interatomic force constants in the lattice thermal conductivity (${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{\mathrm{L}}$) calculations. It is found that the low-lying optical phonon modes of ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{2}{\mathrm{SnBr}}_{6}$ are extremely soft and their phonon energies are almost strain independent, which ultimately lead to a lower ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{\mathrm{L}}$ and a weaker strain dependence than ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{2}{\mathrm{SnBr}}_{6}$. We further reveal that the strain dependence of these phonon modes in the ${\mathrm{A}}_{2}X{B}_{6}$ -type perovskites weakens as their vibrational frequency decreases. This study deepens the understanding of lattice thermal transport in perovskites ${\mathrm{A}}_{2}{X\mathrm{B}}_{6}$ and provides a perspective on the selection of materials that meet the expected thermal behaviors in practical applications. Phonon ; Lattice (music) ; Physics ; Condensed matter physics Thermal Expansion and Ionic Conductivity ; Thermal properties of materials ; Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices
Authors: Zhuxiao Gu | Nan Zhang | Yao Zhang | Bin Liu | Huan‐Huan Jiang | Huaming Xu | Peng Wang | Qing Jiang | Ren‐Gen Xiong | Han‐Yue Zhang
Source: Nature Communications (article, 2024-05-24)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Molecular orbital breaking in photo-mediated organosilicon Schiff base ferroelectric crystals Ferroelectric materials, whose electrical polarization can be switched under external stimuli, have been widely used in sensors, data storage, and energy conversion. Molecular orbital breaking can result in switchable structural and physical bistability in ferroelectric materials as traditional spatial symmetry breaking does. Differently, molecular orbital breaking interprets the phase transition mechanism from the perspective of electronics and sheds new light on manipulating the physical properties of ferroelectrics. Here, we synthesize a pair of organosilicon Schiff base ferroelectric crystals, (R)- and (S)-N-(3,5-di-tert-butylbenzylidene)-1-((triphenylsilyl)oxy)ethanamine, which show optically controlled phase transition accompanying the molecular orbital breaking. The molecular orbital breaking is manifested as the breaking and reformation of covalent bonds during the phase transition process, that is, the conversion between C = N and C-O in the enol form and C-N and C = O in the keto form. This process brings about photo-mediated bistability with multiple physical channels such as dielectric, second-harmonic generation, and ferroelectric polarization. This work further explores this newly developed mechanism of ferroelectric phase transition and highlights the significance of photo-mediated ferroelectric materials for photo-controlled smart devices and bio-sensors. Ferroelectricity ; Materials science ; Organosilicon ; Symmetry breaking ; Phase transition ; Chemical physics ; Dielectric ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Molecular orbital ; Nanotechnology ; Condensed matter physics ; Optoelectronics ; Chemistry ; Molecule ; Polymer chemistry ; Physics ; Physical chemistry ; Organic chemistry Silicone and Siloxane Chemistry ; Liquid Crystal Research Advancements ; Synthesis and properties of polymers
Authors: Yuping Huang | Jie Xiong | Ziang Li | Dong Hu | Ye Sun | Haojun Jin | Huichun Zhang | Huimin Fang
Source: Foods (review, 2024-08-26)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Recent Advances in Light Penetration Depth for Postharvest Quality Evaluation of Fruits and Vegetables Light penetration depth, as a characteristic parameter reflecting light attenuation and transmission in biological tissues, has been applied in nondestructive detection of fruits and vegetables. Recently, with emergence of new optical detection technologies, researchers have begun to explore methods evaluating optical properties of double-layer or even multilayer fruit and vegetable tissues due to the differences between peel and pulp in the chemical composition and physical properties, which has gradually promoted studies on light penetration depth. A series of demonstrated research on light penetration depth could ensure the accuracy of the optical information obtained from each layer of tissue, which is beneficial to enhance detection accuracy for quality assessment of fruits and vegetables. Therefore, the aim of this review is to give detailed outlines about the theory and principle of light penetration depth based on several emerging optical detection technologies and to focus primarily on its applications in the field of quality evaluation of fruits and vegetables, its future applicability in fruits and vegetables and the challenges it may face in the future. Penetration (warfare) ; Penetration depth ; Agricultural engineering ; Environmental science ; Postharvest ; Computer science ; Materials science ; Biochemical engineering ; Process engineering ; Biological system ; Biotechnology ; Optics ; Mathematics ; Horticulture ; Biology ; Engineering ; Physics ; Operations research Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies ; Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis