jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Jiemin Zhang | Guan Heng Yeoh | Imrana I. Kabir
Source: Fire (article, 2025-02-05)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Polyurethane Materials for Fire Retardancy: Synthesis, Structure, Properties, and Applications As the demand for high-performance polymers broadens, polyurethane (PU) polymers with various chemical modifications have attracted attention. This review explores the chemical structure and functional variations of PUs. PUs are used in a variety of fields, ranging from aerospace engineering to daily necessities, and show remarkable safety adaptability through designable synthesis processes. This study is divided into four main parts: (1) synthesis and structure, covering the synthesis of PU base and modification of additive compounds; (2) performance, studying physical properties and thermal degradation processes; (3) application, evaluating the commercial potential of PU polymers; and (4) flame retardancy, analyzing five established flame-retardant mechanisms. The last part discusses how PUs can meet sustainable development goals by replacing petroleum-based materials with green materials. By emphasizing non-petroleum resources and novel, sustainable modification strategies, this review conducts guidance for the safe and environmentally friendly application of PUs in the future. Polyurethane ; Materials science ; Composite material ; Polymer science ; Fire retardant Flame retardant materials and properties ; Polymer composites and self-healing ; Fire dynamics and safety research
Authors: Anna Sowińska‐Baranowska | Magdalena Maciejewska
Source: International Journal of Molecular Sciences (article, 2025-01-27)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Elastomeric Biocomposites of Natural Rubber Containing Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide Zinc oxide (ZnO) particles were successfully synthesized through the green method using aloe vera extract and zinc nitrate (1:1). The structure, morphology and properties of the biosynthesized ZnO (bioZnO) particles were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and thermogravimetry (TG). The morphology and the size of ZnO particles were elucidated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Then, the ability of bioZnO to activate sulfur curing of natural rubber (NR) was tested and compared to commercial ZnO traditionally used as vulcanization activator. The bioZnO showed similar activity in the vulcanization process to commercial ZnO. NR composites containing bioZnO were pro-ecological in nature and exhibited better mechanical characteristics and durability against thermo-oxidative aging than NR with commonly used micrometric ZnO. Moreover, NR vulcanizates containing bioZnO showed good mechanical properties in dynamic conditions and satisfactory thermal stability. The present research is new and in addition to the analysis of biosynthesized ZnO particles, the effect of the activator in the vulcanization process of the NR elastomer and its influence on the properties of the final products were additionally discussed. Vulcanization ; Zinc ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; Materials science ; Elastomer ; Natural rubber ; Thermogravimetry ; Scanning electron microscope ; Thermal stability ; Chemical engineering ; Curing (chemistry) ; Nuclear chemistry ; Dynamic mechanical analysis ; Composite material ; Chemistry ; Polymer ; Metallurgy Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties ; Polymer composites and self-healing ; biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
Authors: Lucila Navarro | Arielle R. Gamboa | Roque J. Minari | Santiago E. Vaillard
Source: Journal of Polymer Science (article, 2025-05-16)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Tailoring the Properties of Poly(Glycerol Sebacate‐Co‐Itaconate) Networks: A Sustainable Approach to Photocurable Biomaterials ABSTRACT Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) is a thermoset elastomer widely studied for biomedical applications due to its outstanding mechanical properties and biocompatibility. The standard preparation method for PGS involves thermal crosslinking of its prepolymer. To expand the biomedical potential of this material, various strategies have been explored to develop PGS derivatives with double bonds, making them suitable for mild radical crosslinking under UV radiation. Typically, reactive double bonds are introduced to PGS through the acrylation or methacrylation of hydroxyl groups of prepolymers, a process that often involves harsh conditions, post‐polymerization modifications, and additional purification steps. An alternative approach incorporates a bifunctional monomer carrying a reactive double bond during prepolymer synthesis. In this study, a series of PGS polymers with double bonds were synthesized by thermally copolymerizing glycerol and sebacic acid with varying amounts of itaconic and succinic acids. Elastomeric films with customizable properties, that is, with varied crosslinking degrees, were obtained by adjusting the itaconic/succinic acid molar ratio of PGS. The crosslinking process was thoroughly investigated using 1 H NMR spectrometry and relaxometry. Extensive characterization of the films confirmed their tunable properties, enabling the production of photocurable, tough, and degradable elastomers. Additionally, these films demonstrated potential as drug‐eluting systems for hydrophobic drugs. Glycerol ; Materials science ; Polymer science ; Chemical engineering ; Chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Engineering biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties ; Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications ; Polymer composites and self-healing
Authors: Antonio Aguanell | Marc Hennebelle | Miguel Á. Ortega | Ruth Pérez‐Fernández
Source: Chemical Society Reviews (review, 2025-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Dynamic combinatorial chemistry directed by proteins and nucleic acids: a powerful tool for drug discovery Protein-directed dynamic combinatorial chemistry (P-D DCC) is a powerful strategy for identifying ligands to protein targets of pharmacological significance. It leverages a thermodynamic templated effect, where proteins selectively amplify high-affinity binders. In contrast, although nucleic acids play critical roles in gene regulation and disease and offer significant therapeutic potential, they remain underexplored in drug discovery. While P-D DCC has been widely applied, the use of nucleic acid-directed dynamic combinatorial chemistry (NA-D DCC) is relatively limited. Expanding these methodologies is essential for tackling emerging infectious diseases and advancing therapeutic development. This review examines the applications, experimental design considerations, recent advancements, and P-D DCC and NA-D DCC perspectives. Nucleic acid ; Drug discovery ; Computational biology ; Chemistry ; Drug ; Combinatorial chemistry ; Biochemistry ; Biology ; Pharmacology Supramolecular Chemistry and Complexes ; Chemical Synthesis and Analysis ; Molecular Sensors and Ion Detection
Authors: Ali Reza Banan | Saeed Keshavarz
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2025-09-26)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Biobased self healing waterborne polyurethane with vanillin derived dynamic Imine bonds for enhanced mechanical strength and performance Rising global interest in environmentally friendly, high-performance polymeric materials has accelerated the innovation of next-generation polyurethane systems. This research introduces a novel bio-based waterborne polyurethane, synthesized with a vanillin-derived green polyol chain extender featuring dynamic imine linkages. Vanillin diol (VAN-OH) was synthesized using a straightforward one-step condensation of vanillin and ethylenediamine, incorporating dynamic Schiff base functionality into the compound. The waterborne polyurethane (WPU) formulation was synthesized by combining the chain extender VAN-OH, dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA), polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF), and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) in the proper molar ratios. The synthesis parameters were improved through a Design of Experiments (DoE) methodology to enhance mechanical characteristics. The WPU incorporating a vanillin-derived diol chain extender (WPU-VAN-OH) films exhibited a tensile strength of 12.8 MPa, three times greater than that of standard WPU at 4.3 MPa, and showed exceptional self-healing capabilities, completely mending surface scratches within 30 min at 80 °C by dynamic imine bond exchange. The material exhibited higher thermal stability, less water absorption (22.8% compared to 32.2% for WPU after 7 days), and superior adhesion to stainless steel (18.17 kgf/cm² versus 8.23 kgf/cm² for WPU). WPU-VAN-OH films presents a sustainable and efficient methodology for formulating polyurethanes characterized by high strength, self-healing properties, and environmental compatibility, appropriate for uses including protective coatings, advanced adhesives, and flexible elastomers. Polyurethane ; Isophorone diisocyanate ; Extender ; Diol ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Vanillin ; Polyol ; Bond strength ; Absorption of water Polymer composites and self-healing ; Synthetic Organic Chemistry Methods ; Lignin and Wood Chemistry
Authors: Preeti Sharma | Kafeel Ahmad Siddiqui
Source: Discover Chemistry. (article, 2025-09-07)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Metal–organic frameworks as fluorescent and colorimetric sensors for antibiotic tracing Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs), characterized by their high porosity, large surface area, and structural tunability, have emerged as highly promising materials for the development of advanced sensing platforms. Composed of metal ions or clusters linked by organic ligands, MOFs offer unique opportunities in the detection of veterinary antibiotics, a pressing concern owing to the overuse of these drugs in agriculture, aquaculture, and livestock. The accumulation of antibiotic residues such as tetracyclines, sulfonamides, nitrofurans, and fluoroquinolones in food and water sources poses serious public health risks, including antimicrobial resistance and chronic toxicity. While traditional analytical techniques like Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS), Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)) are sensitive, they are often time-intensive, costly, and unsuitable for field applications. In contrast, MOF-based sensors offer rapid, portable, and highly selective detection through mechanisms such as fluorescence quenching, electrochemical redox reactions, and colorimetric responses via peroxidase-like activity. This review provides a detailed account of recent advancements in the design, synthesis, and application of MOFs and their composites for antibiotic detection, with an emphasis on fluorescence and colorimetric sensing strategies. It also critically evaluates existing challenges related to real-sample interference, sensor regeneration, and detection limits, concluding with future prospects for integrating MOF-based sensors into portable diagnostic platforms for real-time monitoring of antibiotic residues in environmental and food samples. Fluorescence ; Human health ; Antibiotics ; Antibiotic resistance ; Antimicrobial ; Tracing Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications ; Molecular Sensors and Ion Detection ; Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
Authors: Moumita Ghosh | Rupa Sarma | Maho Kamiyama | Tokuhisa Kawawaki | Sourav Biswas | Yuichi Negishi
Source: Nanoscale Horizons (review, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Next-generation CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction: the role of atomically precise nanoclusters and emerging catalytic strategies The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) is a promising approach to simultaneously mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and produce value-added carbon-based fuels and chemicals. However, sluggish reaction kinetics necessitate the development of efficient catalysts to enhance activity and selectivity. Metal nanoclusters (NCs) have emerged as highly promising candidates due to their atomically precise structures, unique electronic properties, and tunable catalytic behaviors. Despite continuous advancements in the synthesis and application of metal NCs, several challenges remain that hinder their practical deployment. Stability, scalability, and the fine control of selectivity remain critical concerns. This review systematically explores the stepwise evolution of metal NCs as catalysts for CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction, highlighting their key advantages while also identifying the fundamental limitations that need to be addressed. To overcome such challenges a key development is observed that leads to shift from noble-metal NCs to first-row transition-metal-based NCs, which has expanded catalytic reactivity and product selectivity. Additionally, the role of alloying in enhancing catalytic performance through synergistic interactions and electronic modifications is discussed. So, this review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent progress, with a focus on emerging NC-based electrocatalysts, and outlines future directions to address existing challenges for sustainable CO<sub>2</sub> conversion. Nanoclusters ; Catalysis ; Nanotechnology ; Materials science ; Chemistry ; Organic chemistry Nanocluster Synthesis and Applications ; CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts ; Machine Learning in Materials Science
Authors: Xipo Zhao | Fan Mo | Chenjia Zhao | Shunmei Li | Min Wang | Shihua Dong | Ling Zhou
Source: npj Materials Degradation (article, 2025-06-16)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Preparation, structure–property relationships, and applications of novel bio-based and biodegradable polyesteramide materials Poly(ester amide) (PEA), which contains ester (–COO–) and amide (–NHCO–) bonds in its molecular chain, is anticipated to exhibit excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and processability through meticulous monomer selection and molecular structure design. As a novel material with significant research value and broad application potential, PEA has garnered increasing attention. This review comprehensively examines recent advancements in bio-based and biodegradable PEA materials, focusing on the effects of bio-based monomers, synthesis methods, and molecular structural parameters-including molecular configuration, sequence architecture, and intermolecular forces on material properties. PEAs derived from α-amino acids, vegetable oils, and plant polysaccharide polyols are highlighted, alongside a detailed comparison of key preparation techniques such as polycondensation, ring-opening polymerization, and enzymatic polymerization. Moreover, the relationships between molecular structures and the thermal, mechanical, and degradation properties of PEAs are thoroughly analyzed. The applications of PEA materials in diverse fields, including drug delivery and tissue engineering in the medical domain, as nanofiltration membranes in separation technologies, and as coatings, are systematically summarized. This review provides valuable insights into the structural design of PEA materials, strategies for regulating biodegradability and functionality, and opportunities for expanding application areas. Property (philosophy) ; Materials science ; Biochemical engineering ; Nanotechnology ; Engineering ; Philosophy biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties ; Microplastics and Plastic Pollution ; Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
Authors: M. C. Michel | Thomas Scheibel
Source: Journal of Polymer Science (article, 2025-04-18)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Fiber Processing of Recombinant Spider Silk Proteins ABSTRACT Spider silks are protein‐based fibers well known for their tensile strength, elasticity, and extraordinary toughness. However, spider silk has not yet been found to enter many products, since harvesting natural spider silk is highly inefficient. Recombinant production of the underlying spider silk proteins in microbial hosts offers an alternative to develop silk materials for distinct applications. In this context, it is crucial to mimic the spinning dope preparation and the spinning process of spiders to achieve nature‐like fiber properties, since the mechanical properties of the fibers differ significantly depending on the utilized spinning method. In contrast, nonnatural spinning techniques facilitate the fabrication of silk fibers with tunable new properties for diverse technical applications. Electrospinning, for instance, produces fibers with diameters in the submicrometer regime, forming meshes ideal, e.g., for filtration. Centrifugal electrospinning increases fiber throughput, making it suitable for scale‐up production. Even hierarchical structures can be created by combining 3D printing and centrifugal electrospinning within a single device, or yarn electrospinning combined with textile techniques, enabling complex architectures. This perspective article highlights how different spinning approaches broaden the potential uses of silk‐based materials across various application fields, utilizing the benefits of intrinsic silk characteristics in combination with advanced technical features. Spider silk ; SILK ; Recombinant DNA ; Spider ; Fiber ; Materials science ; Chemistry ; Composite material ; Biology ; Biochemistry ; Zoology Silk-based biomaterials and applications ; Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity ; Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications
Authors: Sara Etminanrezaeiye | Khadije Rezazadeh | Elham Jalilnejad | Reza Rafiee
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2025-07-08)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Preparation and characterization of bio-waste derived chitosan/hydroxyapatite/pectin green biocomposite This study focuses on the synthesis and structural analysis of biocomposites comprising chitosan (Cs), hydroxyapatite (HA), and pectin (Pe). Cs was extracted from shrimp skin, HA from bovine teeth and bones, and Pe from orange peel and apple. The biocomposites were prepared via a freeze-drying method using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a cross-linking agent. FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDS-EDAX and BET were employed to characterize the chemical structure, crystallinity, morphology, surface area, and elemental composition. The extracted Cs had a molecular weight of 4.1 × 10⁵ Da, a 70% degree of deacetylation, and an extraction yield of 31.2%. The results confirmed biocomposite formation with a near-stoichiometric Ca/P ratio (1.67) in HA. Biocomposites containing HA calcined at 1000 °C and Pe from orange peel with 72% galacturonic acid, exhibited enhanced crystallinity (up to 70.61%), uniform dispersion, and high porosity. While an increased HA content improved morphology and surface area (up to 12.5 m<sup>2</sup>/g), it also reduced crystallinity after reaching the maximum point, possibly due to weakened intermolecular interactions between Cs and Pe. Biocomposite ; Chitosan ; Pectin ; Characterization (materials science) ; Pulp and paper industry ; Chemistry ; Food science ; Materials science ; Biotechnology ; Chemical engineering ; Waste management ; Nanotechnology ; Composite material ; Biology ; Biochemistry ; Composite number ; Engineering biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties ; Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging ; Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
Authors: Márcia Rénio | M. Rita Ventura
Source: Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry (review, 2025-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Thiourea and squaramide organocatalysts for the asymmetric total synthesis of natural compounds Thiourea and squaramide organocatalysts have become essential tools in asymmetric synthesis, offering metal-free, highly selective methods for the efficient synthesis of complex natural products with important biological activities. Through directional hydrogen bonding, these catalysts activate electrophilic substrates with remarkable stereocontrol. This short review highlights recent advances demonstrating the power of these catalysts in the enantioselective synthesis of intricate natural scaffolds. Squaramide ; Thiourea ; Natural (archaeology) ; Chemistry ; Enantioselective synthesis ; Organocatalysis ; Combinatorial chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Catalysis ; Geology ; Paleontology Asymmetric Synthesis and Catalysis ; Chemical synthesis and alkaloids ; Axial and Atropisomeric Chirality Synthesis
Authors: Guansheng Xing | Bing Chen
Source: Nanomaterials (review, 2025-01-20)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

AgGaS2 and Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, and Optical Properties Silver gallium sulfide (AgGaS<sub>2</sub>) is a ternary A<sup>(I)</sup>B<sup>(III)</sup>X<sup>(VI)</sup><sub>2</sub>-type semiconductor featuring a direct bandgap and high chemical stability. Structurally resembling diamond, AgGaS<sub>2</sub> has gained considerable attention as a highly promising material for nonlinear optical applications such as second harmonic generation and optical parametric oscillation. In attempts to expand the research scope, on the one hand, AgGaS<sub>2</sub>-derived bulk materials with similar diamond-like configurations have been investigated for the enhancement of nonlinear optics performance, especially the improvement of laser-induced damage thresholds and/or nonlinear coefficients; on the other hand, nanoscale AgGaS<sub>2</sub> and its derivatives have been synthesized with sizes as low as the exciton Bohr radius for the realization of potential applications in the fields of optoelectronics and lighting. This review article focuses on recent advancements and future opportunities in the design of both bulk and nanocrystalline AgGaS<sub>2</sub> and its derivatives, covering structural, electronic, and chemical aspects. By delving into the properties of AgGaS<sub>2</sub> in bulk and nanocrystalline states, this review aims to deepen the understanding of chalcopyrite materials and maximize their utilization in photon conversion and beyond. Materials science ; Nanocrystalline material ; Nonlinear optical ; Nanotechnology ; Chalcopyrite ; Bohr radius ; Semiconductor ; Nonlinear optics ; Diamond ; Nanomanufacturing ; Band gap ; Optoelectronics ; Nonlinear system ; Engineering physics ; Laser ; Optics ; Physics ; Metallurgy ; Quantum dot Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties ; Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films ; Crystal Structures and Properties
Authors: Gao Chen | Yubo Chen | Zezhou Lin | Ting Chen | Dongsheng Geng | Yanping Zhu | Wei Wang | Wei Zhou
Source: EES Catalysis (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Disassembling and reassembling perovskites for oxygen electrocatalysis Perovskite materials have garnered significant attention in oxygen electrocatalysis. Here, we summarize strategies for disassembling and reassembling perovskites to enhance their oxygen electrocatalytic performance. Electrocatalyst ; Oxygen ; Materials science ; Nanotechnology ; Chemistry ; Electrode ; Electrochemistry ; Physical chemistry Advancements in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ; Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion ; Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies