jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: DC Widianingrum | Himmatul Khasanah | Listya Purnamasari | M E Krismaputri | SG Hwang
Source: Veterinární Medicína (article, 2023-01-18)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Antimicrobial activities of nano-emulsion of virgin coconut oil This study aimed to determine the nano-emulsion of virgin coconut oil (n-VCO) formula that can produce the best size and zone inhibition of antimicrobial activity. The VCO was formulated with the different percentages of Tween 80 (P1: 24%, P2: 25%, P3: 26%) and sorbitol (P1: 36%, P2: 35%, P3: 34%). The particle size of the n-VCO emulsion was observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The antimicrobial activity test of the n-VCO was determined by a challenge test using <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi (<i>S.</i> Typhi), <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>), and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) bacteria. The data were analysed by a one-way ANOVA (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The significant data were furthermore tested by Duncan's multiple ranges (SPSS v26.0). This study showed that the P3 formulation (26% Tween 80 and 34% sorbitol) produced the best n-VCO among all the treatments showing a particle size of 5-100 nm. Formulas P1 and P2 produced particle sizes of about 500-1 000 nm. The antimicrobial test showed that the P3 formula had a strong inhibitory effect on <i>S.</i> Typhi (7.442<i><b> ±</b></i> 0.52 mm), <i>S. aureus</i> (8.380<i><b> ± </b></i>0.49 mm), and <i>E. coli</i> (6.490 ± 0.82 mm). This study concluded that the formula of the detergent strongly influences the particle size of the n-VCO. The n-VCO has enormous potential to be used as an alternative antimicrobial. Antimicrobial ; Emulsion ; Particle size ; Coconut oil ; Food science ; Sorbitol ; Salmonella typhi ; Chemistry ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Escherichia coli ; Microbiology ; Bacteria ; Biology ; Biochemistry ; Organic chemistry Coconut Research and Applications ; Food Chemistry and Fat Analysis ; Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Jaime Giménez-Gallego | Jesús Martínez del Rincón | Pedro José Blaya-Ros | Juan D. González-Teruel | Manuel Jiménez Buendía | Roque Torres-Sánchez
Source:  (article, 2023-11-06)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Image-based sensor for on-tree automatic color tracking in pomegranate orchards Harvesting decisions based on crop monitoring are an emerging goal of precision agriculture techniques. In the case of pomegranate (Punica granatum L. ‘Wonderful’), color is a good indicator of fruit ripeness, and fruit ripening stage is used as a quality parameter. In this work, a low-cost autonomous sensor to perform continuous on-tree monitoring of the pomegranate color evolution was developed. The sensor measurement is based on the image captured by an RGB camera. To measure the fruit color, a Deep Learning based instance segmentation model was specifically generated for pomegranates. The model achieved an F1 score of 0.817. Nine sensors were installed in the field on fixed platforms and took measurements continuously for two seasons. The fruit color time curves demonstrated the utility of the proposed sensor to inform about the evolution of the crop ripening. The performance of the sensors was evaluated by comparing on several dates their measurements with those of a colorimeter on fruit samples in the laboratory. The results showed a very high correlation, with a mean R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of 0.94. Computer vision ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer science ; Tree (set theory) ; Tracking (education) ; Mathematics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies ; Plant Disease Management Techniques
Authors: Ibrahim Sadiek | Gernot Friedrichs
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2023-10-10)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Two species–one wavelength detection based on selective optical saturation spectroscopy Cross-sensitivity limits accurate quantitative detection of species concentrations in all sensor technologies, including laser-based absorption techniques. Absorption sensors capture a signal that combines contributions from all interfering species at a given detection wavelength. Careful selection of the probed spectral line, broadband detection, or upstream separation can partially mitigate cross-sensitivity, however, weak or unidentified signal interference remains a challenge for accuracy. Here, we present a proof-of-principle study to overcome cross-sensitivity by taking advantage of the distinct optical saturation characteristics of different gas mixture components. By controlling the absorption contribution of a selected species by intentional optical saturation, simultaneous and quantitative detection of two interfering species becomes possible even without the need for spectral scanning, hence offering two species-one wavelength detection (2S1W) capability. Demonstrated with direct absorption and cavity-ringdown setups, the method offers a new, previously unexploited opportunity to further enhance laser-based analyzers for complex gas mixture analysis in environmental, medical, and technical applications. Spectroscopy ; Saturation (graph theory) ; Wavelength ; Computer science ; Materials science ; Optoelectronics ; Optics ; Physics ; Mathematics Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research ; Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
Authors: Guoliang Wang | Xue Hongtao | Erhu Guo | Xinxia Chen | Aiying Zhang
Source: Preprints.org (preprint, 2023-12-07)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Simultaneous Detection of Amylose and Amylopectin Content of Foxtail Millet Flour with Hyperspectral Imaging Foxtail millet, a traditional cereal crop, has gained increasing attention for its high nutritional value and potential health benefits. This study aimed to investigate the simultaneous and rapid detection of amylose and amylopectin content of foxtail millet flour under different sheep manure application rates by hyperspectral imaging combined with chemometrics. The spectral data preprocessing used multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), and the combined algorithm of competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), random frog (RF), iterated retaining informative variables (IRIV) were employed for key band extraction. The partial least squares regression (PLSR) was then used to establish the prediction model and the regression equation, that was used to visualize the two components. Results demonstrated the key band extraction combined algorithm effectively reduced data dimension without compromising the accuracy of the prediction model. The prediction model for amylose using MSC-RF-IRIV-PLSR exhibited good performance, with the correlation coefficient (R) and root mean square error (RMSE) predicted to be 0.73 and 1.23, respectively. Similarly, the prediction model for amylopectin using MSC-CARS-IRIV-PLSR also demonstrated good performance, with the R and RMSE predicted to be 0.59 and 7.34, respectively. Then, the visualization graph generated clearly shows under the condition of applying 6 m3 of sheep manure, the amount of amylopectin accumulation was highest, and the amount of amylose was lowest. The experimental results offer valuable insights for the rapid detection of nutritional components in foxtail millet, serving as a basis for further research. Amylopectin ; Hyperspectral imaging ; Partial least squares regression ; Amylose ; Mathematics ; Foxtail ; Mean squared error ; Statistics ; Food science ; Chemistry ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Agronomy ; Starch ; Biology Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Nutritional Studies and Diet ; Remote-Sensing Image Classification
Authors: Haoting Du | Zhentao Gong | Dandan Li | Yun Wang | Yun Zhao | Jintong Xu | Dexin Sun
Source: Applied Sciences (article, 2023-04-29)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Dark Current Measurement and Noise Correction Method for LWIR QWIP Detection System Based on Focal-Plane Temperature The performance of long-wave infrared (LWIR) quantum well (QWIP) detection systems is seriously affected by the dark current of the detectors. Tiny variations in the focal-plane temperature of the devices cause fluctuations in the dark current, which in turn generate temporal noise. It is difficult to measure the dark current accurately after the detector assembly is packaged. To address the above problems, a QWIP dark current measurement method based on focal-plane temperature is proposed, as well as a method to reduce dark current noise. First, the response model of the LWIR QWIP detection system was established, and the dark current model was introduced. Then, the detection system components were introduced, chiller calibration experiments were carried out, and the dark current values of the QWIP at different temperatures were measured by combining the system design and parameters. Next, the dark current noise correction method was proposed, the target data were collected, and experiments were carried out to correct them. Finally, after the calculation, the temporal noise was reduced by 57.69% after the correction, which is proof of a significant effect. This method can obtain the real-time dark current value by collecting the focal-plane temperature data, and reduce the dark current temporal noise (difficult to eliminate using conventional methods), which is beneficial for promoting the application of QWIPs in LWIR remote sensing detection. Dark current ; Cardinal point ; Detector ; Noise (video) ; Optics ; Physics ; Quantum well infrared photodetector ; Current (fluid) ; Computer science ; Quantum well Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials ; Infrared Target Detection Methodologies
Authors: A.M. Schipachev | Mohammed Aljadly | O Y Ganzulenko | D. G. Chernikov | V. A. Razzhivin | R. Yu. Yusupov
Source: Metals (article, 2023-11-10)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Magnetic-Pulse Treatment for Healing Continuity Defects in the Metal of Oil and Gas Pipelines This research paper addresses the issues in evaluating the effectiveness of magnetic-pulse treatment for healing continuity defects in the metal of oil and gas pipelines. A theoretical analysis of the magnetic-pulse action mechanism on continuity defects in the metal was carried out. The results of experimental studies of the effect of magnetic-pulse action on continuity defects of thick-walled samples, cut from used gas pipelines containing microcracks with different geometries, are also presented. The samples were processed under two different technological operating modes of the magnetic-pulse unit: the applied energy was 10 kJ for the first mode and 20 kJ for the second mode. The state of the cracks’ microstructure before and after the magnetic pulse treatment was studied using an optical microscope. As a result of the studies, it was found that magnetic-pulse treatment led to local heating of the crack tips, which was confirmed by the formation of a heat-affected zone in the vicinity of the crack tips. The temperature at the crack tips reached the metal’s melting point at the applied energy of 20 kJ, whereas at the energy of 10 kJ, signs of metal melting were not noted. In the course of the conducted experiments, it was found that the cracks were not completely eliminated after magnetic-pulse treatment; however, the edges of the crack tips melted, with subsequent filling by molten material. Magnetic-pulse treatment resulted in blunting of the crack tips, as their shape became smoother. It was established that the geometry and shape of the crack tip have significant influences on the effectiveness of this technology, as a narrow and sharp crack tip required less energy to reach the metal’s melting point compared to smoother one. The effect of magnetic pulse treatment on the microstructure of pipeline metal and its strength characteristics was also studied. It was found that this treatment leads to structural changes in the area of the crack tip in the form of grain refinement and subsequent strengthening of the pipeline metal. Materials science ; Pulse (music) ; Magnetic field ; Pipeline transport ; Melting point ; Composite material ; Microstructure ; Mechanical engineering ; Voltage ; Electrical engineering Material Properties and Failure Mechanisms ; Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals ; Electromagnetic Effects on Materials
Authors: Elena Krismer | Maximilian T. Strauss | Matthias Mann
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2023-03-11)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

AlphaPeptStats: an open-source Python package for automated, scalable and industrial-strength statistical analysis of mass spectrometry-based proteomics The widespread application of mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics in biomedical research increasingly requires robust, transparent and streamlined solutions to extract statistically reliable insights. Existing, popular tools were generally developed for specific uses in academic environments and did not fully embrace current open-source principles and best practices of software engineering. We have designed and implemented AlphaPeptStats, an inclusive python package with broad functionalities for normalization, imputation, visualization, and statistical analysis of proteomics data. It modularly builds on the established stack of Python scientific libraries, and is accompanied by a rigorous testing framework with 98% test coverage. It imports the output of a range of popular search engines. Data can be filtered and normalized according to user specifications. At its heart, AlphaPeptStats provides a wide range of robust statistical algorithms such as t-tests, ANOVA, PCA, hierarchical clustering and multiple covariate analysis, all in an automatable manner. Data visualization capabilities include heat maps, volcano plots, scatter plots in publication-ready format. AlphaPeptStats advances proteomic research through its robust tools that enable researchers to manually or automatically explore complex datasets to identify interesting patterns and outliers. Python (programming language) ; Computer science ; Visualization ; Data mining ; Cluster analysis ; Open source ; Software ; Scalability ; Outlier ; Normalization (sociology) ; Data science ; Information retrieval ; Machine learning ; Database ; Artificial intelligence ; Programming language Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Authors: Timothy G. Lach | Xiang Chen
Source:  (article, 2023-07-16)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Post Irradiation Examination of Pressurized Water Reactor Stainless Steel Internal Components Abstract Internal structural components of pressurized water reactors (PWR), such as baffle former bolts, are subjected to significant neutron irradiation and mechanical stresses at elevated temperatures during plant operation. Over the long operation of the power plant, these conditions lead to potential degradation and reduced load-carrying capacity of these bolts. To understand property degradation more fully, to confirm the results of experimental irradiation programs, and to predict operational lifetime performance of structural materials in internal components, post irradiation examination of harvested materials from operating nuclear reactors is required. In this work, two high fluence 316 stainless steel baffle former bolts were retrieved from a commercial Westinghouse two-loop downflow type PWR and then sectioned for analysis via mechanical testing and microstructural characterization. The irradiation damage fluctuated along the bolt length with damage levels from 15 to 41 displacements per atom with the bolt head receiving approximately twice the neutron damage levels as that of the bolt thread section. Mechanical testing evaluations showed extensive irradiation hardening and a sharp decrease in fracture toughness in all parts of the bolt, though with limited variation along the bolt length. Microstructural characterization using analytical scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography showed significant radiation induced precipitation, segregation, and dislocation loop and cavity formation. However, unlike the mechanical behavior, there was considerable variation along the bolt length but opposite of what may be expected, with more precipitation and cavity formation in the bolt thread where the neutron radiation dose is less than in the bolt head where the neutron radiation dose is higher. The cause of this variation is likely due to gradients in temperature, neutron energy spectra, and gamma irradiation. Materials science ; Irradiation ; Pressurized water reactor ; Composite material ; Thread (computing) ; Baffle ; Neutron ; Nuclear engineering ; Mechanical engineering ; Nuclear physics Nuclear Materials and Properties ; Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals ; Fusion materials and technologies
Authors: Anna Brudzińska-Kosior | Grzegorz Kosior | Monika Sporek | Zbigniew Ziembik | Inga Zinicovscaia | Marina Frontasyeva | Agnieszka Dołhańczuk-Śródka
Source: PLoS ONE (article, 2023-05-18)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Nuclear analytical techniques used to study the trace element content of Centaurium erythraea Rafn, a medicinal plant species from sites with different pollution loads in Lower Silesia (SW Poland) Centaurium erythraea (Gentianaceae) is a medicinal plant species with therapeutic potential officially listed in the pharmacopoeias of many European, Asian and American countries. It has had many uses in natural medicine since ancient times and it is collected mostly from wild populations. The aim of this study is to investigate the trace element composition of C. erythraea using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The results of the performed investigations show that INAA has proved to be an efficient analytical technique for the determination of trace elements in medicinal plants. The studied plant contains elements important to the human diet and metabolism that are needed for growth, development and the prevention and curing of disease. A comparison with the reference levels of elements for plants shows that the concentrations of most elements in C. erythraea collected from all types of sites exceed those regarded as the reference. Compared to the values of the elements in C. erythraea from rural areas (LP), the concentrations of most of the investigated elements in C. erythraea collected from the lignite basin, urban areas and in the vicinity of the A4 highway (MP) were significantly higher. The results obtained can be used for control and monitoring in the production of pharmaceuticals based on natural medical plants. Trace element ; Medicinal plants ; Gentianaceae ; Botany ; Bioaccumulation ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Ecology Heavy Metals in Plants ; Botany and Plant Ecology Studies ; Coal and Its By-products
Authors: Joanna Wróbel-Szkolak | Anna Cwener | Łukasz Komsta
Source: Molecules (article, 2023-04-26)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Novel Hyperspectral Analysis of Thin-Layer Chromatographic Plates—An Application to Fingerprinting of 70 Polish Grasses The advantages of hyperspectral imaging in videodensitometry are presented and discussed with the example of extracts from 70 Polish grasses. An inexpensive microscope camera was modified to cover the infrared spectrum range, and then 11 combinations of illumination (254 nm, 366 nm, white light), together with various filters (no filter, IRCut, UV, cobalt glass, IR pass), were used to register RGB HDR images of the same plate. It was revealed that the resulting 33 channels of information could be compressed into 5-6 principal components and then visualized separately as grayscale images. We also propose a new approach called principal component artificial coloring of images (PCACI). It allows easy classification of chromatographic spots by presenting three PC components as RGB channels, providing vivid spots with artificial colors and visualizing six principal components on two color images. The infrared region brings additional information to the registered data, orthogonal to the other channels and not redundant with photos in the visible region. This is the first published attempt to use a hyperspectral camera in TLC and it can be clearly concluded that such an approach deserves routine use and further attention. Hyperspectral imaging ; Chromatography ; Thin layer ; Thin-layer chromatography ; Layer (electronics) ; Chemistry ; Materials science ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer science ; Nanotechnology Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Authors: Qianqian Zhang | Quan Tao | Yuanyao Xie | Zelong Chen | Erdmann Seeliger | Thoralf Niendorf | Wufan Chen | Yanqiu Feng
Source: Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery (article, 2023-11-24)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Assessment of rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury with chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging The MTR obtained from CEST-MRI is sensitive to the pathological changes in RM-induced AKI, indicating its potential clinical utility for the assessment of kidney diseases. Magnetic resonance imaging ; Blood urea nitrogen ; Creatinine ; Medicine ; Acute kidney injury ; Magnetization transfer ; Pathology ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Medulla ; Rhabdomyolysis ; Kidney ; H&E stain ; Area under the curve ; Chemistry ; Staining ; Internal medicine ; Radiology Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes ; Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications ; MRI in cancer diagnosis
Authors: Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember | I Made Yulistya Negara | Dimas Anton Asfani | I Gusti Ngurah Satriyadi Hernanda | Daniar Fahmi | Arief Budi Ksatria | Ariel Kevin S. H. Hutabarat
Source: International Journal of Integrated Engineering (article, 2023-08-28)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Investigation of Insulator Performance Under Artificial Contaminants There are three types of insulators, namely glass, ceramic, and polymer. Although polymers have hydrophobic properties that make them superior to other materials. However, in its application, ceramic and glass insulators are still used because they are cheaper. Environmental conditions around the work location of the insulator greatly affect its performance. Areas with high levels of pollution will result in the insulator being damaged quickly. The effect of seawater and fly-ash contaminants on the three types of insulators is discussed in this study. Experimental approaches and FEM-based simulations have been carried out. Pollution levels in seawater contaminants were standardized using ESDD. Meanwhile, the level of pollution in fly-ash contaminants is standardized using NSDD. Simulations and experiments were carried out at four levels of contamination, namely light, medium, heavy and very heavy. Then the simulation and test results are compared. The greater the ESDD and NSDD values, the greater the leakage current. Contamination ; Pollution ; Ceramic ; Environmental science ; Fly ash ; Seawater ; Insulator (electricity) ; Materials science ; Leakage (economics) ; Waste management ; Composite material ; Engineering ; Geology ; Ecology High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Dielectric materials and actuators ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation