jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Yiwen Sun | Xuechun Li | Cai-Bin Liu | Yifan Li | yuhao Li | Jonathan Mougenot | Long Cheng | Hao-Dong Liu | Di Hu | Sijie Hao | Yue Yuan | Hai-Shan Zhou | Hong-Bo Zhou | Guang-Hong Lü
Source: Nuclear Fusion (article, 2025-04-28)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Deuterium plasma-driven permeation in chemical vapor deposition tungsten-copper composite Abstract With the potential application of tungsten (W)-copper (Cu) bonding in the plasma-facing components (PFCs) in fusion devices, hydrogen isotope (HI) transport through the W/Cu interface has become a key concern for tritium self-sustainment and operational safety. To investigate HI permeation through the W/Cu interface, a series of low-energy deuterium (D) plasma-driven permeation experiments were performed on chemical vapor deposition tungsten (CVD-W)/Cu composite, bare CVD-W, and bare Cu, across a temperature range of ∼600 K–800 K. The effective D diffusion coefficient of CVD-W was found to be higher than that of rolled W, likely due to the grain boundaries serving as high-diffusivity pathways for D diffusion. Under the identical experimental conditions, an unexpected result was found that the steady state permeation flux in CVD-W/Cu was higher than that in bare Cu, with values of ∼3.1 × 10 18 m −2 s −1 in CVD-W/Cu and ∼4.1 × 10 17 m −2 s −1 in Cu at 741 K. And the time required for CVD-W/Cu to reach steady state permeation exceeded the sum of the times required for CVD-W and Cu individually. Rate equation simulations suggested that a high D concentration segment with a low HI solution energy of 0.6 eV was necessary to replicate the observed high permeation flux in CVD-W/Cu. The length of the segment was in line with the experimental observation in the Cu-entry region of CVD-W near the CVD-W/Cu interface. Density functional theory calculations confirmed that the presence of Cu in W could reduce the HI solution energy in W. It is therefore suggested that the reduction in HI solution energy in the Cu-entry region of CVD-W led to substantial D accumulation near the interface, enhancing the steady state permeation flux in CVD-W/Cu compared to bare Cu. Furthermore, an analytical solution for the steady state permeation flux in a generalized three-layer composite was derived using a modified analytical equation for the fast evaluation of the steady state permeation flux. This work provides valuable insights and foundational parameters for understanding and evaluating HI transport in PFCs using W and Cu in fusion devices. Deuterium ; Tungsten ; Copper ; Materials science ; Plasma ; Permeation ; Chemical vapor deposition ; Composite number ; Deposition (geology) ; Chemical engineering ; Metallurgy ; Nuclear physics ; Chemistry ; Composite material ; Nanotechnology ; Physics ; Membrane Fusion materials and technologies
Authors: Julia Fohrafellner | Maximilian Lippl | Armin Bajraktarevic | Andreas Baumgarten | Heide Spiegel | Robert Körner | Taru Sandén
Source:  (article, 2025-09-23)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Austrian NIR Soil Spectral Library for Soil Health Assessments Abstract. The rise in demand for soil data and information calls for quick and cost-effective methodologies to quantify soil properties. This is particularly important in the realm of restoring soil health in Europe. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has demonstrated the ability to predict specific soil properties with high accuracy whilst being less costly and time-consuming than traditional methods. To fill gaps in national spectroscopic soil data, we compiled the first Austrian NIR Soil Spectral Library (680–2500 nm) based on legacy samples (n = 2129), covering all environmental zones of Austria. We then applied partial least square regression modelling to test the usability of the dataset for soil health assessments at its current stage. Our analysis revealed that, at the present time, the Austrian NIR Soil Spectral Library is not suitable to predict most of the 14 soil properties with sufficient accuracy. Nevertheless, total nitrogen, CaCO3 organic carbon and clay showed satisfactory results (R2 &gt; 0.7). Most importantly, the dataset containing sample meta-data (e.g., land use type, environmental zone or zip code), laboratory reference values and NIR spectra with 1 nm resolution can be used as a foundation for further spectral analysis and modelling. We make this work openly accessible to actively contribute to closing soil data gaps and promote the expansion of soil spectral libraries as a basis for soil health assessments. Digital soil mapping ; Soil health ; Soil map ; Soil water ; Soil test ; Soil survey ; Soil carbon ; Soil organic matter Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Soil Geostatistics and Mapping
Authors: Sikta Panda | Gaurab Ghosh | Subrata Kumar Ghosh
Source: Journal of Tribology (article, 2025-07-07)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Forecasting the Viscosity of Bio-Nano Oils Using the Best Fit Algorithm for Artificial Neural Network Abstract This article explores the scope of predicting the viscosity of titanium dioxide (TiO2) bio-nano oil using an artificial neural network (ANN) for effective load-bearing applications. Jatropha oil bio-nanolubricant samples were prepared at nanoparticle concentrations ranging from 0.3% to 1.8%, and their viscosity was measured using a Stabinger viscometer across a shear rate range of 0–200 s−1. These data were used to train an ANN model for accurately predicting the viscosity at any operating condition of the jatropha bio-nanolubricant using licensed matlab software (version R2024b). Initially, a feed-forward perceptron model was developed with two input variables, e.g., temperature and particle concentration, and one output variable, e.g., viscosity. Later, shear rate was also incorporated as an additional input, which further reduced the root-mean-square error (RMSE), which is a measure of the average magnitude of the error between the predicted values by the ANN and the actual experimental values. It was observed that the ANN model with only ten hidden neurons achieved an average RMSE of 17.254 using the initial input variables. However, when shear rate was included in the feature set, the RMSE was found to reduce by almost 96.13%, thereby improving the accuracy of the model. The proposed ANN model was also compared with machine learning (ML) methods, and a higher coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.94) was achieved ANN, showcasing its superior predictive capability. Artificial neural network ; Nano- ; Viscosity ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer science ; Algorithm ; Machine learning ; Engineering ; Materials science ; Chemical engineering Petroleum Processing and Analysis
Authors: Daniel Wharton | Nicola Weston | Sara L. Goodacre
Source: Frontiers in Arachnid Science (article, 2025-06-02)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Come rain or shine: effects of external conditions on the properties of linyphiid silk Spiders have adapted to a wide range of ecological niches, accompanied by the diversification of their silk, which performs various ecological functions under different environmental conditions. This study investigates the physical properties of silk produced by highly mobile linyphiid spiders, whose airborne silken “sails” enable long-distance, high-altitude windborne dispersal. Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy imaging demonstrated that linyphiid silk interacts with moisture in its surroundings, leading to changes in stiffness and increased torsion at relative humidities greater than 60%. The estimated tensile strength under low moisture conditions is estimated to be up to 1 GPa but drops by the order of a factor of 2 when exposed to moisture (&amp;gt;60% relative humidity) or to short (30 minute) bursts of short wavelength (UV-C) light. In contrast, storage at temperatures ranging from -18°C to 70°C had no significant impact on tensile strength. These findings demonstrate the resilience of linyphiid silk to low temperatures typical of high altitudes, with important implications for understanding wind-assisted dispersal, global spider distribution, and potential responses to climate change. We also show that the silk can withstand exposure to ultraviolet light at intensities that would induce damage or death to living tissue, albeit with an increased likelihood of fracture. Together these findings provide important insights needed to understand ecological processes and explore uses and limitations of synthetic analogues of these biological materials in medicine and engineering. SILK ; Geography ; Computer science ; Telecommunications Silk-based biomaterials and applications ; Silkworms and Sericulture Research ; Spider Taxonomy and Behavior Studies
Authors: Mingming Chen | Zhigang Quan | Xinyue Sun | Yanlong Li | Lili Qian | Dongjie Zhang
Source: Foods (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Discriminating Mung Bean Origins Using Pattern Recognition Methods: A Comparative Study of Raman and NIR Spectroscopy The feasibility of the two methodologies was confirmed to compare the results of determining mung bean origins using Raman and Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Spectra from mung beans collected in Baicheng City, Jilin Province; Dorbod Mongol Autonomous, Tailai County, Heilongjiang Province; and Sishui County, Shandong Province, China, were analyzed. We established a traceability model using Principal Component Analysis combined with the K-nearest neighbor method to compare the efficacy of these methods in discriminating the origins of the mung beans. The total cumulative variance explained by the first three principal components from the NIR of mung beans from different origins was 99.01%, which is 6.71% higher than that derived from Raman. Additionally, the discrimination rate for mung bean origins based on NIR spectral data reached 98.67%, outperforming the Raman-based approach by 22.67%. These findings indicate that NIR spectroscopy is more effective than Raman spectroscopy is in tracing the provenance of mung beans. Mung bean ; Raman spectroscopy ; Principal component analysis ; Spectroscopy ; Near-infrared spectroscopy ; Tracing ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Chemistry ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Mathematics ; Computer science ; Food science ; Artificial intelligence ; Physics ; Statistics ; Chromatography ; Optics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Fermentation and Sensory Analysis ; Identification and Quantification in Food
Authors: Chung‐Kuang Chou | C.C. Tseng | C.H. Chiang | Y. Chen | Y.C. Liu | C. C. Huang | Chun-Yen Chao | Chun‐Hsiang Huang
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation (article, 2025-01-20)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

The current status and future prospects of the Synchrotron Radiation Protein Crystallography Core Facility at NSRRC: a focus on the TPS 05A, TPS 07A and TLS 15A1 beamlines The Synchrotron Radiation Protein Crystallography Core Facility (SPXF) at the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center has been pivotal in advancing structural biology research in Taiwan. Since the 1990s, Taiwan has invested in the development of synchrotron light sources, including the Taiwan Light Source and the Taiwan Photon Source, which have profoundly enhanced protein structure analysis capability. Through the high-performance beamlines, SPXF has enabled significant scientific achievements, contributing to disease research and drug development. The facility's move towards automation and its integration of advanced techniques, such as in situ serial synchrotron crystallography, underscore its commitment to meeting the evolving needs of the research community. The SPXF continues to foster innovation and collaboration, providing world-class resources for both domestic and international users. Synchrotron radiation ; Synchrotron ; Beamline ; Engineering physics ; Medical physics ; Computer science ; Nuclear engineering ; Nanotechnology ; Systems engineering ; Physics ; Optics ; Materials science ; Engineering Enzyme Structure and Function ; Protein Structure and Dynamics ; Biochemical and Molecular Research
Authors: Amir Ali Marefati | Mahdieh Bozorgi
Source: Nanophotonics (article, 2025-11-09)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Record‐level, exceptionally broadband borophene‐based absorber with near‐perfect absorption: design and comparison with a graphene‐based counterpart We present a high performance ultra-broadband optical absorber based on a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) configuration, enhanced by two-dimensional (2D) materials: graphene and borophene. The base design includes a titanium resonator, an SiO<sub>2</sub> dielectric spacer, and a gold ground plane. Performance optimization is achieved through integration of 2D materials, anti-reflection coatings (ARC), and tuning of structural parameters, Fermi energy, and surface carrier density. Numerical simulations using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method show that incorporating borophene, due to its exceptionally high carrier density, leads to remarkable enhancement in both absorption amplitude and spectral bandwidth. When integrated with an optimized antireflection coating (ARC), the borophene-based absorber achieves over 90 % absorption across 790-3,232 nm (bandwidth: 2,442 nm), corresponding to a 136 % enhancement over the base design. For absorption above 80 %, the bandwidth extends from 760 to 3,306 nm (2,546 nm), yielding a 125 % improvement. The associated fractional bandwidths are 121 % and 125 %, respectively. By comparison, the graphene-based counterpart, with a properly tuned ARC and Fermi level, delivers over 90 % absorption within 923-2,108 nm (1,185 nm, 13 % improvement), while maintaining absorption above 80 % across 911-2,256 nm (1,345 nm, 12 % improvement), with corresponding fractional bandwidths of 78 % and 84 %. Comparative analysis underscores the critical importance of 2D material selection and placement, ARC and resonator optimization, and optical tuning in achieving optimal performance. These results indicate strong potential for practical applications in advanced optoelectronic and photonic devices, including infrared imaging, optical sensing, broadband photodetectors, solar energy harvesting, and stealth or thermal camouflage systems. Absorption (acoustics) ; Graphene ; Photonics ; Broadband ; Resonator ; Coating ; Bandwidth (computing) ; Nanomaterials Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Boron and Carbon Nanomaterials Research ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research
Authors: Carl Slater | X. Y. | Gwendal Lagorce | Juliette Soulard | Claire Davis
Source: Metals (article, 2025-09-23)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Novel Alloy Designed Electrical Steel for Improved Performance in High-Frequency Electric Machines The increase in electrification and desire for greater electrical motor efficiency under a range of operating conditions for different products (e.g., household appliances, automotive and aerospace) is driving innovative motor designs and demands for higher performing electrical steels. Improvements in the magnetic, electrical and/or mechanical properties of electrical steels are required for high-volume electric motors and recent advances include steels with increased silicon (Si) content (from &lt;3.5 wt% Si up to 6.5 wt%). Whilst the 6.5 wt% Si steels provide increased motor performance at high frequencies, the formation of a brittle BCC B2/D03 phase means that they cannot be cold-rolled, and therefore the production route involves siliconization after the required thickness strip is produced. The advances in computationally driven alloy design, coupled with physical metallurgical understanding, allow for more adventurous alloy design for electrical steels, outside the traditional predominantly Fe-Si compositional space. Two alloys representing a new alloy family called HiPPES (High-Performing and Processable Electrical Steel), based on low cost commonly used steel alloying elements, have been developed, cast, rolled, heat-treated, and both magnetically and mechanically tested. These alloys (with nominal compositions of Fe-3.2Mn-3.61Si-0.63Ni-0.75Cr-0.15Al-0.4Mo and Fe-2Mn-4.5Si-0.4Ni-0.75Cr-0.09Al) offer improvements compared to current ≈3 wt% Si grades: in magnetic performance (&gt;25% magnetic loss reduction at &gt;1 kHz), and in tensile strength (&gt;33% increase in tensile strength with similar elongation value). Most importantly, they are maintaining processability to allow for full-scale commercial production using traditional continuous casting, hot and cold rolling, and annealing. The new alloys also showed improved resilience to grain size, with the HiPPES materials showing a &lt;5% variance in loss at frequencies greater than 400 Hz for grain sizes between 55 and 180 µm. Comparatively, a commercial M250-35A material showed a 40% increase in loss for the same range. The paper reports on the alloy design approach used, the microstructures, and the mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties of the developed novel electrical steels compared to conventional ≈3 wt% Si and 6.5 wt% Si material. Electrical steel ; Alloy ; Electric motor ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Automotive industry ; Brittleness ; Ductility (Earth science) ; Electrical equipment Magnetic Properties and Applications ; Induction Heating and Inverter Technology ; Electric Motor Design and Analysis
Authors: Zhanwei Dong | Longlong Feng | Z. Liu | Jun Zhao | Jing Wang | Meiyue Zhang
Source: Journal of Food Process Engineering (article, 2025-02-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Study on the Correlation Between Water Content of Peanut Kernel, Water Phase State and Electrical Impedance Spectrum Parameters ABSTRACT In an effort to develop a novel approach for detecting the moisture content of peanut kernels and enhancing detection efficiency, this study employed electrical impedance technology, and low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance technology to investigate the relationship between water phase state, impedance values (real and imaginary components), phase angle, and moisture content of peanut kernels ranging from 10.4% to 41.0%. The findings revealed that water in the peanut kernel mainly gathered in the middle part of the two cotyledons. As the moisture content escalates from 10.4% to 41.0%, the ratio of free water to bound water decreased from 6.3:1 to 1.9:1. The highest correlation coefficient was observed between the real part of impedance and moisture content, whereas the phase angle exhibited the lowest correlation coefficient. The real part of impedance emerged as the most effective impedance spectrum parameter for modeling the moisture content of peanut kernels. Furthermore, the relationship between electrical impedance spectrum parameters, and water content was found to be frequency‐dependent, with the highest correlation between the real part of impedance and water content observed in the frequency range of 1–4 MHz, yielding an R 2 value of 0.986. These research outcomes offer valuable insights for advancing the development of rapid and nondestructive moisture content detection technologies for peanut kernels utilizing resistance methods. Electrical impedance ; Correlation ; Kernel (algebra) ; Mathematics ; Electrical engineering ; Engineering ; Discrete mathematics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies ; Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects
Authors: Ting An | Yongwen Jiang | Hanting Zou | Xuan Xuan | Jian Zhang | Haibo Yuan
Source: Foods (article, 2025-04-22)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Evaluation of Withering Quality of Black Tea Based on Multi-Information Fusion Strategy The intelligent perception of moisture content (MC) for tea leaves during the black tea withering process is an unsolved task because of the acquisition of limited sample characteristic information. In this study, both the external and internal features of withering samples were simultaneously acquired based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and machine vision (MV) technology. Different data fusion strategies, including low-, middle- and high-level strategies, were employed to integrate two types of heterogeneous information. Subsequently, the different fused features were combined with a support vector regression (SVR) algorithm to establish the moisture perception models of withering leaves. The middle-level-variable iterative space shrinkage approach (VISSA) displayed the best performance with 5.7705 for the relative percent deviation (RPD). Therefore, the proposed multi-information fusion strategy could achieve an intelligent perception of tea leaves in the black tea withering process. The integration of NIRS and MV technology overcomes the limitations of single-technology approaches in black tea withering assessment, providing a robust methodology for precision processing and targeted quality control of black tea. Black tea ; Information fusion ; Process (computing) ; Computer science ; Fusion ; Sensor fusion ; Support vector machine ; Artificial intelligence ; Agricultural engineering ; Mathematics ; Engineering ; Chemistry ; Food science Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Authors: Zheng Zhang | Xin‐Ying Ji | Min Sun | Libin Xiong | Guang Zhang | Wenjie Ding | Jiquan Li | Shaofei Jiang
Source: Materials (article, 2025-04-24)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

Experimental Study on the Effects of Thermal Cycling and Ultraviolet Irradiation on Stable Characteristics of Carbon Fiber/Bismaleimide Polymer Composite Shells Carbon fiber/epoxy composites are widely used in aerospace due to their strength and ease of fab weatherrication, but they suffer from glass transition at high temperatures. In contrast, carbon fiber/bismaleimide composites exhibit superior thermal stability, irradiation resistance, and toughness. This study investigates the effects of thermal cycling and UV irradiation on carbon fiber/bismaleimide composite shells. Anti-symmetric shells with varying ply angles were tested under two-point tensile loading. Results show that these shells maintain stability between -70 °C and 180 °C, outperforming epoxy-based composites. This research offers valuable insights for aerospace applications of such bistable shells under thermal and UV aging conditions. Materials science ; Composite number ; Composite material ; Temperature cycling ; Irradiation ; Ultraviolet ; Thermal ; Polymer ; Fiber ; Carbon fiber composite ; Carbon fibers ; Ultraviolet irradiation ; Optoelectronics Material Properties and Applications ; Silicone and Siloxane Chemistry ; Epoxy Resin Curing Processes