jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Binhan Sun | Shuai Kong | Xizhen Dong | Zheng Zhong | Jie Hou | Yubo Zhao | Baptiste Gault | Shaolou Wei | Aparna Saksena | Kai-Shang Li | Xian-Cheng Zhang | Dierk Raabe | Shan-Tung Tu
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2025-12-02)
Field: Materials Science — Metals and Alloys

Hydrogen-induced damage in Ni-based superalloys at high temperatures Hydrogen embrittlement ; Embrittlement ; Superalloy ; Hydrogen ; Environmental stress fracture Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals ; High Temperature Alloys and Creep ; Mechanical stress and fatigue analysis
Authors: Marissa M. Tremblay | A. Fayon | Hongcheng Guo | Peter K. Zeitler | B. D. Idleman
Source: Geochemical Perspectives Letters (article, 2025-07-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Deformation modulates helium diffusion behaviour in apatite Utilising the apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronometer to infer the thermal histories of geologic materials requires understanding the factors that influence helium diffusion kinetics. Here, we demonstrate that deformation in apatite modulates helium diffusion behaviour. We deformed single crystal Durango apatite under compression and torsion, used electron microscopy to characterise the deformation, and measured the evolution of 3He and 4He released during stepwise heating experiments on proton-irradiated fragments of the deformed crystals. Fragments deformed under compression contained distributed dislocations and resulted in mostly unimodal helium release comparable to undeformed, unannealed Durango apatite, while fragments deformed to higher stress under torsion contain a higher dislocation density, developed subgrain boundaries defined by dislocation arrays, and exhibited multimodal helium release, comparable to results from continuous ramped heating analysis of some natural apatite samples. We conclude that deformation-induced dislocations can modulate helium diffusion behaviour by impeding helium diffusion and functioning as diffusion sinks, and are likely an important source of (U-Th)/He date overdispersion in natural samples. Apatite ; Deformation (meteorology) ; Diffusion ; Helium ; Materials science ; Geology ; Composite material ; Mineralogy ; Physics ; Thermodynamics ; Atomic physics Nuclear Materials and Properties ; Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics ; Molten salt chemistry and electrochemical processes
Authors: G.A. McRae | C.E. Coleman
Source: Journal of Nuclear Engineering (article, 2025-11-30)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

High Hydrogen Isotope Concentrations Observed in CANDU Rolled Joints High concentrations of hydrogen isotopes have been observed at the ends of CANDU Zr-2.5Nb pressure tubes in the region associated with the rolled joints with 403 stainless steel end fittings. These concentrations are above current regulatory limits, causing concerns over how long pressure tubes should remain in service. This paper reviews two differing interpretations of the mechanisms for these high concentrations, leading to two conclusions. Ingress after about 30 y is attributed to pressure tube sag creating a crevice between the end fitting and the top of the tube that provides a window for hydrogen isotopes to enter from the annulus gas under reducing conditions. Small additions of oxygen should close this window. A new mechanism is suggested to explain deuteride precipitates past the rolled joint contact region after about 30 y. Surprisingly, the mechanism relies on deuterium and protium diffusing in solution at the same rate, i.e., no mass-dependent isotope effect. Hydrogen ; Deuterium ; Isotope ; Joint (building) ; Tube (container) ; Annulus (botany) ; Hydrogen isotope Nuclear Materials and Properties ; Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals ; Mechanical stress and fatigue analysis
Authors: Louis Libat | Can Selçuk | Éric Chénier | Vincent Le Chenadec
Source: ArXiv.org (article, 2025-12-22)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A Cartesian Cut-Cell Two-Fluid Method for Two-Phase Diffusion Problems We present a Cartesian cut-cell finite-volume method for sharp-interface two-phase diffusion problems in static geometries. The formulation follows a two-fluid approach: independent diffusion equations are discretized in each phase on a fixed Cartesian grid, while the phases are coupled through embedded interface conditions enforcing continuity of diffusive flux and a general jump law. Cut cells are treated by integrating the governing equations over phase-restricted control volumes and surfaces, yielding discrete divergence and gradient operators that are locally conservative within each phase. Interface coupling is achieved by introducing a small set of interfacial unknowns per cut cell on the embedded boundary; the resulting algebraic system involves only bulk and interfacial averages. A key feature of the method is the use of a reduced set of geometric information based solely on low-order moments (trimmed volumes, apertures and interface measures/centroids), allowing robust implementation without constructing explicitly cut-cell polytopes. The method supports steady (Poisson) and unsteady (diffusion) regimes and incorporates Dirichlet, Neumann, Robin boundary conditions and general jumps. We validate the scheme on one-, two- and three-dimensional single-phase and two-phase benchmarks, including curved embedded boundaries, Robin conditions and strong property/jump contrasts. The results demonstrate a superlinear convergence behavior, sharp enforcement of interfacial laws and excellent conservation properties. Extensions to moving interfaces and Stefan-type free-boundary problems are natural perspectives of this framework. Discretization ; Cartesian coordinate system ; Coupling (piping) ; Divergence (linguistics) ; Boundary (topology) ; Convergence (economics) ; Diffusion ; Interface (matter) ; Boundary value problem Solidification and crystal growth phenomena ; Advanced Numerical Methods in Computational Mathematics ; Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer
Authors: Nikolaos Kolezakis | Stefano Aime | Raffaele Pastore | Vincenzo Guida | Gaetano D' Avino | Paolo Edera
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2025-01-08)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Microscopic structure and dynamics of shear-thinning suspensions of polydisperse, repulsive vesicles We investigate the rheology, microscopic structure, and dynamics of an industrially relevant dispersion made of cationic surfactant vesicles, from dilute to concentrated conditions. We find that these suspensions exhibit a shear-thinning behavior at relatively low concentrations. At the microscale, this corresponds to a well-defined transition in both the structure, marked by the appearance of a peak in the static structure factor, and the dynamics, which slow down and develop a two-step decay in the correlation functions. This low-concentration transition is particularly surprising in light of experiments showing that for surfactant vesicles of similar composition the interactions should be purely repulsive. This leads us to propose that the observed structural and dynamic transition could arise, as an entropic effect, from the large sample polydispersity coupled to crowding. The shear-thinning behavior is thus interpreted as the nonlinear response of this transient structure to the imposed flow. Our work suggests that similar effects might be a generic feature of dense, highly polydisperse charged suspensions. Vesicle ; Shear thinning ; Shear (geology) ; Dynamics (music) ; Chemical physics ; Thinning ; Materials science ; Mechanics ; Biophysics ; Chemistry ; Physics ; Rheology ; Composite material ; Biology ; Membrane Surfactants and Colloidal Systems ; Material Dynamics and Properties ; Pickering emulsions and particle stabilization
Authors: Antonis Margaritakis | Meirui Qian | David H. Johnson | Wade F. Zeno | Tobias S. Ulmer | Peter J. Chung
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2025-05-13)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Recombinant protein platform for high-throughput investigation of peptide-liposome interactions via fluorescence anisotropy depolarization Many cytosolic proteins critical to membrane trafficking and function contain an unstructured domain that can bind to specific membranes, with a transition into an amphipathic helix induced upon membrane association. These inducible amphipathic helices often play a critical role in organelle recognition and subsequent function by these cytosolic proteins, but the tools and techniques used to characterize affinity towards specific membranes are low-throughput and highly dependent on the solubility of the inducible amphipathic helix. Here, we introduce a modular recombinant protein platform for rapidly measuring the binding affinity of inducible amphipathic helices towards a variety of membrane compositions and curvatures using high-throughput fluorescence anisotropy measurements. Inducible amphipathic helices are solubilized with a fluorescently tagged small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protein and binding to membranes quantified by leveraging the unexpected decrease in fluorescence anisotropy upon binding, a phenomenon previously observed but not well understood. By using fluorescence anisotropy decay measurements and solution NMR experiments, we deduce that this phenomenon likely occurs due to the local increase in fluorophore motion upon binding to the membrane. Altogether, this recombinant protein platform can be readily applied to any inducible amphipathic helix of interest, allowing for detailed investigation of the specific membrane biochemical parameters facilitating binding. Fluorescence anisotropy ; Biophysics ; Membrane ; Amphiphile ; Cytosol ; Recombinant DNA ; Chemistry ; Helix (gastropod) ; Fluorophore ; Membrane protein ; Biochemistry ; Fluorescence ; Biology Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials ; Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research ; Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications
Authors: Zhao‐Yi Chen | V. Swaminathan | Chris Mathew | Valerii V. Vashchenko | Abhishek Kumar Srivastava
Source: SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers (article, 2025-06-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

P‐187: <i>Distinguished Poster:</i> Alignment Layer Optimization for Electrically Suppressed Helix Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals The Electrically Suppressed Helix Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal (ESHFLC) provides fast response at lower voltages and superior optical contrast, making it a promising choice for contemporary displays. Nevertheless, the constrained alignment techniques have hindered the commercialization of ESHFLC displays. To address this, we have optimized a polyimide (PI) based alignment layer by analyzing different PI concentrations and ESH diffraction to keep a balance between anchoring energy and elastic energy. Ferroelectricity ; Polyimide ; Helix (gastropod) ; Materials science ; Layer (electronics) ; Liquid crystal ; Voltage ; Diffraction ; Energy (signal processing) ; Optoelectronics ; Anchoring ; Optics ; Crystallography ; Nanotechnology ; Chemistry ; Physics ; Electrical engineering ; Engineering ; Structural engineering ; Dielectric Liquid Crystal Research Advancements ; Photonic Crystals and Applications ; Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices
Authors: Gilbert De Mey | Izabela Ciesielska–Wróbel | Maria Strąkowska | B. Więcek | Carla Hertleer | Lieva Van Langenhove
Source: Preprints.org (preprint, 2025-09-10)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Short-Time Transient Thermal Behaviour in Textile Fabrics - The Dual Phase Approach Short‑time (0 &amp;lt; t &amp;lt; 20s) heat transfer between human skin and textiles is critical to thermal perception, yet classical models predicting a √t surface‑temperature rise often fail to capture measured behaviour during the first seconds after contact. This study investigates the early‑time transient response of a fingertip in contact with various woven and knitted fabrics under a constant heat‑flux step. Experiments were conducted in controlled environmental conditions using a fine‑gauge thermocouple at the skin–fabric interface, with temperature recorded for 0–20 s. Laplace‑domain analysis of the data revealed early‑time power‑law exponents significantly lower than 0.5 on some fabrics, mainly corresponding to t1/6 and sometimes to t1/4 and t1/10 behaviours in the time domain. Heat conduction model was applied to interpret these deviations, introducing two characteristic times: τq for heat flux and τT for temperature gradient. The dimensionless ratio Z = τT / τq emerged as the governing parameter controlling the slope of the Laplace‑domain response. Model curves with realistic Z values reproduced the experimentally observed exponents without requiring additional empirical terms. The findings indicate that short‑time thermal response is sensitive to textile structure, including thickness and porosity, and can be tuned via material design. This approach provides a quantitative link between fabric properties and perceived warm–cool feel, offering a framework for designing textiles with targeted thermal comfort characteristics. Dimensionless quantity ; Transient (computer programming) ; Thermal conduction ; Thermal ; Thermocouple ; Textile ; Heat flux ; Heat transfer Textile materials and evaluations ; Color perception and design ; Thermoregulation and physiological responses
Authors: Sánchez, Hernán R.
Source: ArXiv.org (article, 2025-11-19)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Chromatographic Peak Shape from Stochastic Model: Analytic Time-Domain Expression in Terms of Physical Parameters and Conditions under which Heterogeneity Reduces Tailing A time-domain representation of chromatographic peak shapes is presented as an analytic expression designed for high computational efficiency, which can be used for direct time-domain peak fitting with parameters that represent physical quantities. The underlying model integrates the effects of axial diffusion (molecular and multipath/eddy), finite initial spatial variance, and two distinct retention mechanisms: one characterized by a high rate of short-duration events (fast kinetics), and another by a low rate of long-duration events (slow kinetics). Fits to experimental chromatograms yield substantially smaller residual standard error (RSE) than the standard EMG and the lowest average normalised RSE among 12 established peak-shape functions in the examined cases. The stochastic approach is reformulated using single-particle probability laws, providing a rigorous basis for future theoretical extensions. The validity of the foundational Poisson assumption is critically examined by deriving expressions for the excess variance caused by correlated microscopic retention rate fluctuations. A statistical interpretation of the HETP is presented and used to determine a lower bound on the number of microscopic retention events from chromatogram-derived macroscopic observables. This, in turn, justifies the applicability of the Gaussian limit for the mobile-plus-fast component, as established by analysis of the cumulant generating function of the closed-form benchmark derived herein. The contribution from the slow-kinetic mechanism is incorporated via a decoupling approximation, whose validity is established through a cumulant-based analysis that explicitly bounds the decoupling-induced error. Finally, the notion that mechanistic heterogeneity necessarily exacerbates peak tailing is qualified, analytically delineating parameter regions in which it leads to a reduction in peak asymmetry. Expression (computer science) ; Decoupling (probability) ; Gaussian ; Representation (politics) ; Residual ; Function (biology) ; Poisson distribution ; Variance (accounting) ; Reduction (mathematics) ; Limit (mathematics) Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography ; Protein purification and stability ; Chromatography in Natural Products
Authors: Martín Ortiz Domínguez | Arturo Cruz Avilés
Source: Ingenio y Conciencia Boletín Científico de la Escuela Superior Ciudad Sahagún (article, 2025-07-11)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

La borurización en metales como una alternativa para sustituir al titanio en la fabricación de prótesis para el cuerpo humano En los últimos años se han registrado grandes avances en el ámbito de las prótesis de los miembros superiores como inferiores del cuerpo humano. Esto ha permitido que cada vez las prótesis se asemejen más a las extremidades que intentan reemplazar y hoy podamos hablar de prótesis robóticas o biónicas. El objetivo de este artículo es mencionar a las aleaciones metálicas tratadas termoquímicamente, que puedan reemplazar a las prótesis fabricadas con aleaciones de titanio. Work (physics) ; Materials testing ; Context (archaeology) Titanium Alloys Microstructure and Properties ; Shape Memory Alloy Transformations ; Cellular and Composite Structures
Authors: Л. Е. Агуреев | Svetlana Savushkina | А. А. Ашмарин
Source: Inventions (article, 2025-12-29)
Field: Materials Science — Ceramics and Composites

Extreme Strengthening of Nickel by Ultralow Additions of SiC Nanoparticles: Synergy of Microstructure Control and Interfacial Reactions During Spark Plasma Sintering Ni–ySiC system (where y = 0.001, 0.005, and 0.015 wt.%) composite materials with enhanced mechanical properties have been fabricated and comprehensively investigated. The composites were synthesized using a combined technology involving preliminary mechanical activation of powder components in a planetary mill followed by consolidation via spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 850 °C. The microstructure and phase composition were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The physico-mechanical properties were evaluated by density measurements (hydrostatic weighing), three-point bending tests (25 °C and 400 °C), and Young’s modulus measurement using an ultrasonic method (25–750 °C). It was found that the introduction of ultralow amounts of SiC nanoparticles (0.001 wt.%) leads to an extreme increase in flexural strength: by 115% at 20 °C (up to 1130 MPa) and by 86% at 400 °C (up to 976 MPa) compared to pure nickel. Microstructural analysis revealed the formation of an ultrafine-grained structure (0.15–0.4 µm) with the presence of pyrolytic carbon and probable nickel silicide interlayers at the grain boundaries. Thermodynamic and kinetic modeling, including the calculation of chemical potentials and diffusion coefficients, confirmed the possibility of reactions at the Ni/SiC interface with the formation of nickel silicides (Ni2Si, NiSi) and free carbon. The scientific novelty of the work lies in establishing a synergistic strengthening mechanism combining the Hall–Petch, Orowan (dispersion), and solid solution strengthening effects, and in demonstrating the property extremum at an ultralow content of the dispersed phase (0.001 wt.%), explained from the standpoint of quantum-chemical analysis of phase stability. The obtained results are of practical importance for the development of high-strength and thermally stable nickel composites, promising for application in aerospace engineering. Spark plasma sintering ; Microstructure ; Nickel ; Flexural strength ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Sintering ; Scanning electron microscope ; Grain boundary ; Composite number Advanced ceramic materials synthesis ; Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties ; Intermetallics and Advanced Alloy Properties
Authors: Marco Bruno | Stefano Ghignone | Federica Boero | Dino Aquilano
Source: CrystEngComm (article, 2025-11-20)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Shape modification of mineral inclusions in diamond: thermodynamic and kinetic considerations The shape evolution of a mineral inclusion in diamond is discussed through thermodynamic and kinetic considerations. Kinetic energy ; Mineral ; Diamond ; Inclusion (mineral) ; Thermodynamic process ; Kinetics Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; Composite Material Mechanics ; Tunneling and Rock Mechanics
Authors: Gilbert De Mey | Izabela Ciesielska–Wróbel | Maria Strąkowska | B. Więcek | Carla Hertleer | Lieva Van Langenhove
Source: Textiles (article, 2025-12-08)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Short-Time Transient Thermal Behaviour in Textile Fabrics—The Dual Phase Approach Short-time thermal exchange (0–20 s) between human skin and textile surfaces determines initial warm–cool sensations, which influences comfort perception. Classical Fourier models predicting a √t cannot fully describe this early transient phase, particularly for porous or heterogeneous materials such as fabrics. This study investigates the early and short-time temperature response of a fingertip to contact with eight woven and knitted fabrics of different compositions, densities, thermal resistances, and thicknesses, measured under controlled laboratory conditions using a fine-gauge thermocouple at the skin–fabric interface. Experimental temperature–time data, when converted to the Laplace domain, exhibited slopes corresponding to time-domain exponents of t⅙, t¼, and occasionally t⅒, all lower than the classical diffusion exponent of ½.The dual-phase lag (DPL) model was applied to interpret these deviations through two lag times—τq (heat flux) and τT (temperature gradient)—and their ratio Z = τT/τq, which controls the slope of the Laplace-domain response. DPL curves reproduced the observed exponents without additional empirical parameters. The results show that short-time heat transfer depends strongly on textile structure: higher thickness leads to slower transient responses (“warmer” feel), whereas denser fabrics promote faster equilibration (“cooler” feel). This dual-phase interpretation bridges physical heat transfer with tactile thermal perception, providing a predictive framework for the design of textiles with thermal properties. Transient (computer programming) ; Laplace transform ; Heat transfer ; Thermal ; Thermocouple ; Thermal diffusivity ; Textile ; Exponent ; Thermal conduction Textile materials and evaluations ; Tactile and Sensory Interactions ; Thermoregulation and physiological responses