jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Birendra Chaudhary | Thomas Winnard | Bolaji Oladipo | Sumanta Das | Helio Matos
Source: Textiles (article, 2024-09-12)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Review of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Structures with Multifunctional Capabilities through Smart Textiles Multifunctional composites and smart textiles are an important advancement in material science, offering a variety of capabilities that extend well beyond traditional structural functions. These advanced materials are poised to revolutionize applications across a wide range of industries, including aerospace, healthcare, military, and consumer electronics, by embedding functionalities such as structural health monitoring, signal transmission, power transfer, self-healing, and environmental sensing. This review, which draws on insights from various disciplines, including material science, engineering, and technology, explores the manufacturing techniques employed in creating multifunctional composites, focusing on modifying textiles to incorporate conductive fibers, sensors, and functional coatings. The various multifunctional capabilities that result from these modifications and manufacturing techniques are examined in detail, including structural health monitoring, power conduction, power transfer, wireless communication, power storage, energy harvesting, and data transfer. The outlook and potential for future developments are also surveyed, emphasizing the need for improved durability, scalability, and energy efficiency. Key challenges are identified, such as ensuring material compatibility, optimizing fabrication techniques, achieving reliable performance under diverse conditions, and modeling multifunctional systems. By addressing these challenges through ongoing research and further innovation, we can significantly enhance the performance and utility of systems, driving advancements in technology and improving quality of life. Composite number ; Materials science ; Fiber ; Composite material ; Fiber-reinforced composite Textile materials and evaluations ; Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies ; Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
Authors: Zahra Sadat Dastgheib | Samira Sadat Abolmaali | Ghazal Farahavar | Mohsen Salmanpour | Ali Mohammad Tamaddon
Source: Heliyon (review, 2024-08-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Gold nanostructures in melanoma: Advances in treatment, diagnosis, and theranostic applications Melanoma, a lethal form of skin cancer, poses a significant challenge in oncology due to its aggressive nature and high mortality rates. Gold nanostructures, including gold nanoparticles (GNPs), offer myriad opportunities in melanoma therapy and imaging due to their facile synthesis and functionalization, robust stability, tunable physicochemical and optical properties, and biocompatibility. This review explores the emerging role of gold nanostructures and their composites in revolutionizing melanoma treatment paradigms, bridging the gap between nanotechnology and clinical oncology, and offering insights for researchers, clinicians, and stakeholders. It begins by elucidating the potential of nanotechnology-driven approaches in cancer therapy, highlighting the unique physicochemical properties and versatility of GNPs in biomedical applications. Various therapeutic modalities, including photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, targeted drug delivery, gene delivery, and nanovaccines, are discussed in detail, along with insights from ongoing clinical trials. In addition, the utility of GNPs in melanoma imaging and theranostics is explored, showcasing their potential in diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and personalized medicine. Furthermore, safety considerations and potential toxicities associated with GNPs are addressed, underscoring the importance of comprehensive risk assessment in clinical translation. Finally, the review concludes by discussing current challenges and future directions, emphasizing the need for innovative strategies to maximize the clinical impact of GNPs in melanoma therapy. Photothermal therapy ; Nanotechnology ; Medicine ; Cancer therapy ; Modalities ; Clinical trial ; Colloidal gold ; Melanoma ; Cancer ; Materials science ; Cancer research ; Pathology ; Internal medicine ; Nanoparticle Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications ; Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics ; Biosensors and Analytical Detection
Authors: Azizeh‐Mitra Yousefi | Gary E. Wnek
Source: Biomedical Materials & Devices (article, 2024-03-11)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Poly(hydroxyalkanoates): Emerging Biopolymers in Biomedical Fields and Packaging Industries for a Circular Economy Abstract Poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs) are a class of sustainable, bio-based thermoplastic polymers with attractive physiochemical properties, including non-toxicity, biocompatibility, elastomeric behavior by design, and piezoelectric characteristics. In the ongoing effort to reduce plastics waste, PHAs can play a substantial role due to their inherent biodegradability free of microplastics, customizable properties, and versatile applications. This includes their tremendous potential in a broad range of biomedical applications. Biomass-based materials have recently gained great interest in the health sector, given the vast amount of interdisciplinary research in bioengineering and medicine. Implantable biomaterials should not elicit any negative response at the implantation site, which differentiates them from general-purpose polymers. PHAs do not induce any thrombosis or antigenic response even after being in contact with blood in the human body during long-term use. The biocompatibility of PHAs is also a key factor in the rapid growth and proliferation of tissues onto and within these materials when served as tissue engineering scaffolds. By application, the biomedical field was estimated to be the second-largest market share for PHAs, in terms of volume, in 2022. While PHA-based materials bring forth a broad range of opportunities, they also present challenges that have limited their widespread use and a greater market share. A better understanding of their physiochemical properties and biodegradation rates, production challenges, and the need for cost-effective strategies are some of the hurdles that need to be addressed. This review paper provides an overview of the commonly used PHA homopolymers and copolymers in biomedical fields and packaging industries. The introduction of the manuscript presents the concept of bioplastics and their environmental significance, highlighting the urgent need for alternatives to conventional fossil-based plastics. The next sections briefly cover the synthesis, properties, as well as homopolymer and copolymer formulations, followed by the application of PHA-based materials in the biomedical field. Current opportunities and challenges, together with some insight into the future gathered from the published studies, have been brought in the concluding section of this paper. Circular economy ; Business ; Engineering ; Biology ; Ecology biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties ; Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies ; Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
Authors: Peng Tan | Xiaolin Huang | Yu Wang | Bohan Xing | Jiajie Zhang | Chengpeng Hu | Xiangda Meng | XU Xiao-dong | Danyang Li | Xianjie Wang | Xin Zhou | Nan Zhang | Qisheng Wang | Fei Li | Shujun Zhang | Hao Tian
Source: Nature Communications (article, 2024-12-05)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Deciphering the atomistic mechanism underlying highly tunable piezoelectric properties in perovskite ferroelectrics via transition metal doping Piezoelectricity, a fundamental property of perovskite ferroelectrics, endows the materials at the heart of electromechanical systems spanning from macro to micro/nano scales. Defect engineering strategies, particularly involving heterovalent trace impurities and derived vacancies, hold great potential for adjusting piezoelectric performance. Despite the prevalent use of defect engineering for modification, a comprehensive understanding of the specific features that positively impact material properties is still lacking, this knowledge gap impedes the advancement of a universally applicable defect selection and design strategy. In this work, we select perovskite KTa<sub>1-x</sub>Nb<sub>x</sub>O<sub>3</sub> single crystals with orthorhombic phase as the matrix and introduce Fe and Mn elements, which are commonly used in "hard" ferroelectrics as dopants. We investigate how transition-metal doping modifies piezoelectric properties from the perspective of intrinsic polarization behaviors. Interestingly, despite both being doped into the B-site as an acceptor, Mn doping enhances the local structural heterogeneity, greatly bolstering the piezoelectric coefficient beyond 1000 pC/N, whereas Fe doping tends to stabilize the polarization, leading to a substantial improvement in the mechanical quality factor up to 700. This work deciphers the diverse impacts of transition metal impurities on regulating polarization structures and modifying piezoelectric properties, providing a good paradigm for strategically designing perovskite ferroelectrics. Piezoelectricity ; Materials science ; Doping ; Impurity ; Perovskite (structure) ; Dopant ; Orthorhombic crystal system ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Piezoelectric coefficient ; Ferroelectricity ; Phase transition ; Condensed matter physics ; Nanotechnology ; Chemical physics ; Optoelectronics ; Crystallography ; Crystal structure ; Composite material ; Dielectric ; Physical chemistry ; Chemistry Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials ; Multiferroics and related materials ; Perovskite Materials and Applications
Authors: Yao Xing Wong | Hemaroopini Subramaniam | Ling Shing Wong | Anto Cordelia Tanislaus Antony Dhanapal | Yu Bin Chan | Mohammod Aminuzzaman | Lai‐Hock Tey | Ashok Kumar Janakiraman | Saminathan Kayarohanam | Sinouvassane Djearamane
Source: Green Processing and Synthesis (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Green synthesis and characterization of CuO/ZnO nanocomposite using <i>Musa acuminata</i> leaf extract for cytotoxic studies on colorectal cancer cells (HCC2998) Abstract Green synthesis has become an alternative to replace chemical synthesis in nanotechnology because of its low cost and toxicity. The synthesis of nanocomposite (NC) has attracted the attention of researchers, as its synergistic effect might enhance its effectiveness in anticancer to overcome multidrug resistance. In this study, copper oxide/zinc oxide (CuO/ZnO) NC was green synthesized from the crude extract of Musa acuminata leaves with Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O and Cu(NO 3 ) 2 ·3H 2 O as precursors. CuO/ZnO NC was characterized via UV-Vis analysis with a peak detected at 365 nm with a bandgap energy of 3.43 eV. Field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis showed an agglomerated, irregular shape with a size ranging from 31.8 to 85.7 nm. X-ray diffraction analysis depicted the crystallite size of 24.78 nm with hexagonal wurtzite of ZnO and monoclinic of CuO. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed the presence of functional groups, including hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups, amines, alkanes, aromatic amines, Cu–O, and Zn–O. The cytotoxic effect of CuO/ZnO NC toward the colorectal cancer cells (HCC2998) was evaluated by the MTT assay and found to be dose-dependent. The results showed a significant cell mortality at 100 µg·mL −1 CuO/ZnO NC with 45.79% cell death at 24 h. The findings of the present study suggest the potential of CuO/ZnO NC to be utilized as an anticancer agent. Nanocomposite ; Characterization (materials science) ; Colorectal cancer ; Cytotoxic T cell ; Materials science ; Industrial chemistry ; Cancer ; Chemistry ; Nanotechnology ; Medicine ; Biochemistry ; In vitro ; Internal medicine Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
Authors: Yunpeng Lan | Zhu Zou | Zhibo Yang
Source: TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry (article, 2024-03-19)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Single Cell mass spectrometry: Towards quantification of small molecules in individual cells Bioanalysis ; Mass spectrometry ; Biochemical engineering ; Nanotechnology ; Chemistry ; Computer science ; Computational biology ; Data science ; Chromatography ; Materials science ; Biology ; Engineering Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Analytical chemistry methods development
Authors: Lars Konermann | Pablo M. Scrosati
Source: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics (review, 2024-10-09)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry: Fundamentals, Limitations, and Opportunities Hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) probes dynamic motions of proteins by monitoring the kinetics of backbone amide deuteration. Dynamic regions exhibit rapid HDX, while rigid segments are more protected. Current data readouts focus on qualitative comparative observations (such as "residues X to Y become more protected after protein exposure to ligand Z"). At present, it is not possible to decode HDX protection patterns in an atomistic fashion. In other words, the exact range of protein motions under a given set of conditions cannot be uncovered, leaving space for speculative interpretations. Amide back exchange is an under-appreciated problem, as the widely used (m-m<sub>0</sub>)/(m<sub>100</sub>-m<sub>0</sub>) correction method can distort HDX kinetic profiles. Future data analysis strategies require a better fundamental understanding of HDX events, going beyond the classical Linderstrøm-Lang model. Combined with experiments that offer enhanced spatial resolution and suppressed back exchange, it should become possible to uncover the exact range of motions exhibited by a protein under a given set of conditions. Such advances would provide a greatly improved understanding of protein behavior in health and disease. Mass spectrometry ; Hydrogen–deuterium exchange ; Deuterium ; Chemistry ; Hydrogen ; Chromatography ; Physics ; Nuclear physics ; Organic chemistry Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Authors: Dennis Valbjørn Christensen | U. Staub | T. R. Devidas | Beena Kalisky | Katja C. Nowack | James L. Webb | Ulrik L. Andersen | Alexander Huck | David A. Broadway | Kai Wagner | Patrick Maletinsky | Toeno van der Sar | Chunhui Du | Amir Yacoby | David Collomb | S. J. Bending | Ahmet Oral | Hans J. Hug | Andrada-Oana Mandru | V. Neu | H. W. Schumacher | S. Sievers | Hitoshi Saito | Alexander A. Khajetoorians | Nadine Hauptmann | Susanne Baumann | Alexander Eichler | Christian L. Degen | Jeffrey McCord | M. Vogel | M. Fiebig | Peter Fischer | A. Hierro‐Rodríguez | Simone Finizio | S. S. Dhesi | Claire Donnelly | Felix Büttner | Ofer Kfir | Wen Hu | Sergey Zayko | Stefan Eisebitt | Bastian Pfau | Robert Frömter | Mathias Kläui | Fehmi Sami Yasin | Benjamin McMorran | S. Seki | Xiuzhen Yu | Axel Lubk | Daniel Wolf | Nini Pryds | Denys Makarov | Martino Poggio
Source: Journal of Physics Materials (article, 2024-03-08)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

2024 roadmap on magnetic microscopy techniques and their applications in materials science Abstract Considering the growing interest in magnetic materials for unconventional computing, data storage, and sensor applications, there is active research not only on material synthesis but also characterisation of their properties. In addition to structural and integral magnetic characterisations, imaging of magnetisation patterns, current distributions and magnetic fields at nano- and microscale is of major importance to understand the material responses and qualify them for specific applications. In this roadmap, we aim to cover a broad portfolio of techniques to perform nano- and microscale magnetic imaging using superconducting quantum interference devices, spin centre and Hall effect magnetometries, scanning probe microscopies, x-ray- and electron-based methods as well as magnetooptics and nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging. The roadmap is aimed as a single access point of information for experts in the field as well as the young generation of students outlining prospects of the development of magnetic imaging technologies for the upcoming decade with a focus on physics, materials science, and chemistry of planar, three-dimensional and geometrically curved objects of different material classes including two-dimensional materials, complex oxides, semi-metals, multiferroics, skyrmions, antiferromagnets, frustrated magnets, magnetic molecules/nanoparticles, ionic conductors, superconductors, spintronic and spinorbitronic materials. Nanotechnology ; Materials science ; Microscopy ; Engineering physics ; Engineering ; Physics ; Optics Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides ; Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications
Authors: Zhiliang Kang | Rongsheng Fan | Chunyi Zhan | Youli Wu | Yi Lin | Kunyu Li | Qing Rui | Lijia Xu
Source: Molecules (article, 2024-02-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

The Rapid Non-Destructive Differentiation of Different Varieties of Rice by Fluorescence Hyperspectral Technology Combined with Machine Learning A rice classification method for the fast and non-destructive differentiation of different varieties is significant in research at present. In this study, fluorescence hyperspectral technology combined with machine learning techniques was used to distinguish five rice varieties by analyzing the fluorescence hyperspectral features of Thai jasmine rice and four rice varieties with a similar appearance to Thai jasmine rice in the wavelength range of 475-1000 nm. The fluorescence hyperspectral data were preprocessed by a first-order derivative (FD) to reduce the background and baseline drift effects of the rice samples. Then, a principal component analysis (PCA) and t-distributed stochastic neighborhood embedding (t-SNE) were used for feature reduction and 3D visualization display. A partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), BP neural network (BP), and random forest (RF) were used to build the rice classification models. The RF classification model parameters were optimized using the gray wolf algorithm (GWO). The results show that FD-t-SNE-GWO-RF is the best model for rice classification, with accuracy values of 99.8% and 95.3% for the training and test sets, respectively. The fluorescence hyperspectral technique combined with machine learning is feasible for classifying rice varieties. Hyperspectral imaging ; Random forest ; Artificial intelligence ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Principal component analysis ; Linear discriminant analysis ; Mathematics ; Computer science Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Authors: Lalita Rana | Manish Kumar | Jitendra Rajput | Navnit Kumar | Sumit Sow | Sarvesh Kumar | Anil Kumar | S. N. Singh | C. K. Jha | Ajay Singh | Shivani Ranjan | R. N. Sahoo | Dipanjan Samanta | Dibyajyoti Nath | Rakesh Panday | Babu Lal Raigar
Source: Discover Applied Sciences (article, 2024-10-16)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Nexus between nanotechnology and agricultural production systems: challenges and future prospects Sustainable agriculture is crucial for meeting the growing global food demand. With the pressure of climate change, resource depletion, and the need for increased agricultural productivity, innovative approaches are essential. Nanotechnology is an emerging technology in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). Despite its promising benefits, the safe implementation of nanotechnology in agriculture requires careful consideration of potential health and environmental risks. However, there is a lack of comprehensive documentation on the application, potential and limitations of nanotechnology in the field of agriculture. To address this gap, a desk research approach was used by utilizing peer-reviewed electronic databases like PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Science Direct for relevant articles. Out of 157 initially identified articles, 85 were deemed pertinent, focusing primarily on potential nanotechnology in smart agricultural systems. Taking into account research findings worldwide, we found significant improvements with nanotechnology over traditional methods which underscores the practical benefits of nanotechnology, including increased crop yields, efficient resource use, and reduced environmental footprint. The objective of this systematic review is to explore the nexus between nanotechnology and agricultural systems, highlighting its potential to enhance productivity, sustainability, and resilience and to inform researchers, practitioners, and policymakers about the transformative impact of nanotechnology on sustainable agriculture and underscores the need for further research to address safety concerns and maximize its potential for agricultural advancement. Nexus (standard) ; Agriculture ; Production (economics) ; Nanotechnology ; Business ; Engineering ; Materials science ; Geography ; Economics Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects
Authors: Zaid Abdulhamid Alhulaybi | Ibrahim Dubdub
Source: Polymers (article, 2024-02-26)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Kinetics Study of PVA Polymer by Model-Free and Model-Fitting Methods Using TGA Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) serves a pivotal technique for evaluating the thermal behavior of Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a polymer extensively utilized in the production of fibers, films, and membranes. This paper targets the kinetics of PVA thermal degradation using high three heating rate range 20, 30, and 40 K min<sup>-1</sup>. The kinetic study was performed using six model-free methods: Freidman (FR), Flynn-Wall-Qzawa (FWO), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Starink (STK), Kissinger (K), and Vyazovkin (VY) for the determination of the activation energy (<i>E<sub>a</sub></i>). TGA showed two reaction stages: the main one at 550-750 K and the second with 700-810 K. But only the first step has been considered in calculating <i>E<sub>a</sub></i>. The average activation energy values for the conversion range (0.1-0.7) are between minimum 104 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> by VY to maximum 199 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> by FR. Model-fitting has been applied by combing Coats-Redfern (CR) with the master plot (Criado's) to identify the most convenient reaction mechanism. <i>E<sub>a</sub></i> values gained by the above six models were very similar with the average value of (126 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>) by CR. The reaction order models-Second order (F2) was recommended as the best mechanism reaction for PVA pyrolysis. Mechanisms were confirmed by the compensation effect. Finally, (∆H, ∆G, and ∆S) parameters were presented and proved that the reaction is endothermic. Thermogravimetric analysis ; Activation energy ; Kinetics ; Order of reaction ; Materials science ; Endothermic process ; Polyvinyl alcohol ; Polymer ; Atmospheric temperature range ; Thermodynamics ; Polymer chemistry ; Physical chemistry ; Chemical engineering ; Chemistry ; Reaction rate constant ; Composite material ; Organic chemistry ; Physics Thermal and Kinetic Analysis ; Polymer Science and PVC ; Polymer crystallization and properties