jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: S. Vojkovic | K. Cancino | G. Santana Rodríguez | E. Burgos | G. Herrera | C. Gonzalez-Fuentes | J. Palma | T. V. M. Sreekanth | J. Denardin | R. L. Rodríguez-Suárez | S. Oyarzún
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (article, 2026-03-02)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Orbital to charge current conversion in copper oxide heterostructures We investigate the orbital-to-charge current conversion in CoFeB|CuO bilayers as a function of CuO thickness, employing orbital pumping via ferromagnetic resonance. The dynamic injection of orbital angular momentum into the CuO layer generates a transverse voltage through the Inverse Orbital Hall Effect (IOHE). By systematically varying the CuO thickness from 2 nm to 30 nm, we observe a pronounced dependence of the IOHE-induced voltage on the CuO layer thickness, indicating efficient orbital-to-charge conversion. These results highlight the key role of the orbital degree of freedom in orbitronics and provide insights into the potential of transition-metal oxides for next-generation orbitronic devices. Ferromagnetism ; Orbital overlap ; Heterojunction ; Voltage ; Oxide ; Layer (electronics) ; Transverse plane ; Inverse ; Angular momentum Copper-based nanomaterials and applications ; ZnO doping and properties ; Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism
Authors: Basma Elzein | Enrico Traversa | Ali Elrashidi
Source: Preprints.org (preprint, 2026-03-09)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Analytical Modeling of Electricity-Generating Two-Dimensional Electron Gases at LAO/STO/LTO Interfaces Using Coupled Schrödinger–Poisson Equations Two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) in complex oxide heterostructures provide a powerful platform for enabling nanoscale energy-conversion mechanisms. In this work, we investigate LaAlO₃/SrTiO₃/LaTiO₃ (LAO/STO/LTO) interfaces as an engi-neered architecture for electricity generation, exploiting the combined effects of LAO-induced polar discontinuity, STO’s high-κ dielectric response, and LTO-driven electronic reconstruction. This trilayer system generates a strongly confined interfacial 2DEG with sheet densities in the 1013–1014 cm−2 range, enabling strong interaction with external electromagnetic fields and efficient charge displacement. To quantitatively capture the physics governing 2DEG formation and energy extraction, we develop a self-consistent analytical model solving the Schrödinger–Poisson equations. The SP module resolves quantum confinement, band bending, and carrier distribution at the LAO/STO/LTO interface, while the analytical engine models electromagnetic excitation (sheet charge density ns), field enhancement, and dynamic charge response across the heterostructure. This approach enables simultaneous evaluation of subband structure, interfacial potential, plasma-resonance behavior, and field-induced current genera-tion. Simulation results demonstrate that the asymmetric LAO/STO/LTO stack pro-duces a deep quantum well on the STO side, promoting strong 2DEG confinement and enhanced sensitivity to THz–IR excitation; under illumination the 2DEG exhibits res-onant carrier modulation, enhanced drift displacement, and energy-transfer pathways conducive to electricity generation. We additionally incorporate temperature depend-ence into the model and find monotonic increases in sheet charge density and conduc-tivity with temperature (measured at zero bias for 10 nm films), with LTO showing metallic-like, strongly temperature-dependent transport, STO exhibiting modest ther-mally activated behavior, and LAO remaining effectively insulating but most sensitive in relative terms—effects that alter subband occupancy, screening, and resonance con-ditions. The model clarifies how layer thickness, dielectric contrast, interface polariza-tion, and temperature jointly govern energy-conversion efficiency. Overall, the vali-dated Schrödinger–Poisson framework provides a predictive tool for optimizing oxide 2DEG power-generating structures and positions LAO/STO/LTO heterointerfaces as promising candidates for tunable, nanoscale energy-harvesting devices. Heterojunction ; Fermi gas ; Charge density ; Electron ; Stack (abstract data type) ; Dielectric ; Excitation ; Charge carrier ; Charge (physics) Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides ; Semiconductor materials and devices ; Chemical and Physical Properties of Materials
Authors: A.H. Jabbari | Zahra Silvayeh | Peter Auer | Thomas Stöhr | Josef Domitner
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2026-02-19)
Field: Materials Science — Metals and Alloys

Using wedge-loaded compact tension specimens for investigating hydrogen-induced cracking Constant displacement loading under gaseous charging at elevated pressure over a long time is a convenient method for determining the resistance of materials against hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC). This work investigates the feasibility of using compact tension (CT) specimens loaded by double-tapered wedges, as the combination of CT specimens and wedge loading benefits not only from small specimens that can be easily manufactured, but also from a straightforward loading method. As recalculating the applied stress intensity factor (SIF) after HIC testing is challenging for a wedge-loaded CT specimen, an experimental-numerical method is proposed for determining the SIF. Firstly, the separation load between the wedge and the specimen was experimentally obtained from a lift-off curve and, secondly, a correction factor calculated using finite element analysis (FEA) was applied to predict the equivalent contact load between the wedge and the specimen. To verify the proposed approach, the threshold SIF ($$\:{K}_{IH}$$) of high-strength steel (HSS) DIN 55NiCrMoV7 in gaseous hydrogen was determined using wedge-loaded CT specimens as well as standard bolt-loaded compact specimens. The comparison of $$\:{K}_{IH}$$ obtained with both types of specimens revealed a good agreement, which confirmed the feasibility of the proposed method. Wedge (geometry) ; Cracking ; Single specimen ; Tension (geology) ; Finite element method ; Compact tension specimen ; Displacement (psychology) Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals ; Fatigue and fracture mechanics ; Mechanical stress and fatigue analysis
Authors: Song Chen | Wangwang Kuang | Jian Feng | Hongmiao Wang | Daquan Li
Source: Materials (article, 2026-02-27)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Synergistic Effects of Liquid Solute Concentration and Cooling Rate on Secondary α2-Al Formation in High-Solid-Fraction Rheo-Diecast Al-Si Alloys: An Integrated Experimental and Phase-Field Study The synergistic effects of solute concentration and cooling rate on the evolution of secondary α<sub>2</sub>-Al during high-solid-fraction rheo-diecasting of Al-xSi (x = 1, 4, 7 wt.%) alloys was studied. Combined gradient-cooling experiments (100 vs. 10 K/s) and phase-field simulations show that the population and morphology of secondary α<sub>2</sub>-Al are co-governed by initial Si content and cooling rate. Higher cooling rates promote finer, more uniform secondary α<sub>2</sub>-Al in Al-1Si and Al-4Si, while lower cooling rates cause coarsening and coalescence. In addition, the formation of α<sub>2</sub>-Al is severely suppressed in Al-7Si. Crucially, a lower initial solute concentration significantly amplifies cooling rate-induced solute enrichment, quantitatively evidenced by the final liquid concentration difference (Al-1Si: 0.83 wt.% > Al-4Si: 0.29 wt.% > Al-7Si: 0.13 wt.%). This enrichment governs the dynamic competition between constitutional and thermal undercooling, contributing a substantially greater driving force for early-stage nucleation in Al-1Si compared to Al-7Si. As solidification progresses in all three systems, the enrichment of the residual liquid narrows the solidification interval, thereby progressively elevating the role of thermal undercooling. Nucleation ; Thermal ; Population ; Slow cooling ; Water cooling Solidification and crystal growth phenomena ; Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties ; Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes
Authors: Mateusz Winkowski | Rafał Kasztelanic | Dariusz Pysz | Ryszard Buczyński | Michał Nikodem
Source: Journal of Physics Photonics (article, 2026-01-15)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Antiresonant hollow-core fiber with rapid gas exchange for mid-infrared gas spectroscopy Abstract Fast, sensitive and selective gas detection is vital for applications ranging from environmental monitoring and industrial process control to medical diagnostics. Optical detection techniques, particularly those operating in the mid-infrared, offer high selectivity and sensitivity but often suffer from complex alignment. This work presents the design, fabrication, and experimental validation of a novel antiresonant hollow-core fiber (ARHCF) with a large core diameter (107 µ m) optimized for rapid mid-infrared gas sensing. The fiber features a simple geometry with 12 thin-walled silica capillaries forming the cladding, ensuring effective single-mode propagation at 3.3 µ m and high flexibility. Experimental characterization confirms broad transmission bands up to 3.4 µ m. When applied to methane detection using a 3.3 µ m interband cascade laser, the system achieved a detection limit of 4 parts per billion with 1 s averaging time. Crucially, the enlarged core drastically reduced gas filling and response time to as low as 2.2 s for a 5.2 m fiber. The proposed large-core ARHCF effectively overcomes the trade off between sensitivity and response speed in hollow-core fiber-based gas sensors. Detection limit ; Methane ; Fiber ; Sensitivity (control systems) ; Optical fiber ; Cascade ; Spectroscopy ; Parts-per notation ; Characterization (materials science) Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics ; Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors
Authors: Md. Anamul Hoque | Zoltán Kovács-Krausz | Bing Zhao | P. K. Rout | Ivan Vera Marun | Szabolcs Csonka | Péter Makk | Saroj P. Dash
Source: npj 2D Materials and Applications (article, 2026-02-23)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Large spin signal and spin rectification in folded-bilayer graphene Abstract Graphene is a promising platform for spin-based non-volatile memory, logic, and neuromorphic computing by combining long-distance spin transport with electrical tunability at room temperature. However, advancing beyond passive spin channels requires devices capable of generating large spin signals with efficient rectification capabilities, which are essential for active spintronic components. Here, we demonstrate a folded-bilayer graphene spin-valve device with giant non-local spin signals in the several mV range with pronounced spin-rectification effects. Efficient spin injection creates a significant spin accumulation of 20 meV and generates a spin diode effect with an asymmetry of over an order of magnitude between forward and reverse bias conditions. This spin-diode effect is expected to arise from nonlinear spin-charge interactions in the folded-bilayer graphene channel. These observed large spin signals and spin-diode effects in graphene systems offer a promising platform for developing active two-dimensional spintronic devices. Spintronics ; Graphene ; Rectification ; Spin (aerodynamics) ; Neuromorphic engineering ; Asymmetry ; SIGNAL (programming language) ; Spin Hall effect Graphene research and applications ; 2D Materials and Applications ; Magnetic properties of thin films
Authors: E. Kufoin | Adam Bannister | M. Brown | Dirk Engelberg | N. Kahlon | F. Scenini | Y. Zhou | L. Susmel
Source: Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures (article, 2026-03-25)
Field: Materials Science — Metals and Alloys

Medium‐Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Three Metallic Materials and a Welded Steel Following Gaseous Hydrogen Soaking ABSTRACT This study investigates the impact of hydrogen soaking on the medium‐cycle fatigue behavior of various metallic materials commonly used in gas transmission pipelines. The tested materials include ex‐service gray cast iron, ex‐service X52 carbon steel, brass, and welded X52 carbon steel. A comprehensive fatigue testing program was conducted on both as‐received and hydrogen‐soaked specimens. Rigorous statistical analysis of the results revealed minimal impact of hydrogen on fatigue life for the materials and hydrogen charging conditions studied. The experimental data for hydrogen‐soaked specimens aligned closely with baseline scatter bands from as‐received specimens. This work suggests that, for the specific hydrogen‐charging procedure and fatigue testing conditions employed, additional considerations for hydrogen effects in fatigue design may not be necessary for the materials examined. Hydrogen ; Welding ; Carbon fibers ; Gaseous hydrogen ; Carbon steel ; Metal Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals ; Material Properties and Failure Mechanisms ; Fatigue and fracture mechanics
Authors: Rajan Suwal | Arnaud Weck | Kuiying Chen
Source: Journal of Thermal Spray Technology (article, 2026-01-13)
Field: Materials Science — Ceramics and Composites

Degradation and Failure Analysis of Environmental Barrier Coatings Under Adverse Operational Environment: Multi-physics Modeling Abstract In high-temperature, adverse environments, the premature failure of environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) is a critical phenomenon that can significantly impact their applications in both aircraft engines and land-based gas turbines. The delamination failure of EBCs typically occurs at the topcoat/TGO or TGO/bond–coat interfaces, primarily due to thermal and shrinkage strains, as well as water vapor corrosion, resulting in crack propagation and coating spallation. This paper presents a systematic study of the degradation of bi-layer disilicate Yb 2 Si 2 O 7 (YbDS)/Si EBCs using COMSOL Multiphysics methodologies. Thermal-cycle-induced temperature fields were implemented into the EBC model, aiming to simulate the system’s in-service operation. The high-temperature creep models of topcoat YbDS, monosilicate Yb 2 SiO 5 (YbMS), silica TGO, Si bond coat, and SiC substrate are included for the built-up undulated coating geometries. Based on the local stress evolution and distribution in the EBC system during thermal cycles in water vapor environments, and on the transformation from YbDS to YbMS and TGO growth kinetics observed at elevated temperatures, the experimentally observed EBC degradation mode was explained in terms of the simulated results. The J-integral, virtual crack extension, and phase-field damage model were implemented to investigate crack nucleation and propagation under thermal cycles, considering the cristobalite TGO, which undergoes a displaced β-α phase transformation between 220 °C and 270 °C with an associated large volume shrinkage upon cooling. The significant phase-field value of TGO, due to its high tensile stress, leads to the automatic nucleation of cracks in TGO and their subsequent bifurcation and propagation along both YbDS/TGO and Si/TGO interfaces. The linking of these bifurcation-induced cracks during cooling cycles could be the primary mechanism leading to the EBC’s spallation and failure. The simulated TGO crack growth pattern was compared with that experimentally observed in the literature. Thermal barrier coating ; Delamination (geology) ; Multiphysics ; Nucleation ; Coating ; Shrinkage ; Degradation (telecommunications) ; Creep ; Fracture mechanics Advanced ceramic materials synthesis ; High-Temperature Coating Behaviors ; Intermetallics and Advanced Alloy Properties
Authors: Can Huang | Changjian Ma | Mengke Ha | Longbing Shang | Z. Chen | Qing Xiao | Zhiyuan Qin | Danqing Liu | Haoyuan Wang | Dawei Qiu | Qianyi Zhao | Ziliang Guo | Yan Liu | Dingbang Chen | C. Win Ye | Zhenhao Li | Chang-Kui Duan | Guanglei Cheng
Source: ArXiv.org (article, 2026-01-12)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Reconfigurable Oxide Nanoelectronics by Tip-induced Electron Delocalization Reconfigurable oxide nanoelectronics, enabled by conductive atomic force microscope (cAFM) lithography, have established complex oxide interfaces as a promising platform for quantum engineering that harnesses emergent phenomena for advanced functionalities. However, this cAFM nanofabrication process can only occur in the air, with simultaneous device decay described under the "water-cycle" writing mechanism. These restrictions pose ongoing challenges for device optimization in the quantum regime at mK temperatures. Here, we demonstrate a "waterless" cAFM lithography approach that is compatible with vacuum and cryogenic environments. Through oxygen vacancy engineering at the LaAlO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ interface, we have achieved nonvolatile and reconfigurable cAFM control of nanoscale interfacial polaron-electron liquid transition at mK temperatures with an ultrafine line resolution of 0.85 nm. Supported by first-principles calculations and drift-diffusion modeling, we show that tip-controlled oxygen vacancy electromigration plays a key role. This advancement bridges reconfigurable device fabrication and concurrent characterization in situ at mK temperatures, and establishes a versatile Hubbard toolbox for engineering programmable quantum phases in correlated oxides. Nanoelectronics ; Nanolithography ; Fabrication ; Electromigration ; Oxide ; Lithography ; Quantum ; Vacancy defect ; Nanoscopic scale Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides ; Semiconductor materials and devices ; Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications
Authors: Yijia Song | N Yang | Michail Poupouzas | Rino Morent | Ana Sobota | Anton Yu Nikiforov
Source: Plasma Sources Science and Technology (article, 2026-01-30)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A diagnostic study of a dual frequency–driven atomic oxygen plasma source in the context of contactless cleaning Abstract This paper presents a diagnostic study of a dual frequency–driven atomic oxygen (AO) plasma source designed for the contactless cleaning of thermally sensitive artworks. Optical diagnostics, including ICCD imaging and actinometry, is used to evaluate the source performance. In plasmas driven at a base frequency ( f 0 = 13.56 MHz), both the AO density and gas temperature scale linearly with operational power. The admixing of the harmonic component ( f 1 = 27.12 MHz) reduces these scaling slopes synchronously. Importantly, by shifting the relative phase ( θ ) between harmonic and base waves, the AO density can be independently modified at a constant gas temperature. The 1-D plasma simulation results demonstrate that the phase modulation arises from the combined effects of geometrical-electrical asymmetry. The geometrical asymmetry induces a constant DC bias between electrodes to balance the charge flux, whereas the electrical asymmetry compensates or enhances this bias. These combined effects modify the spatial distribution of AO generation kinetics. For gas heating, ion Joule heating is sensitive to phase modulation but localized in narrow sheathes, whereas electron elastic collisions in plasma bulk are stable and dominate the gas heating in plasma bulk. This study provides novel insights for improving AO generation in cold plasma, especially for its applications in artwork restoration. Plasma ; Context (archaeology) ; Asymmetry ; Joule heating ; Scaling ; Modulation (music) ; Harmonic ; Plasma parameters ; Ion ; Phase (matter) Silicone and Siloxane Chemistry ; Plasma Diagnostics and Applications ; Plasma Applications and Diagnostics
Authors: Pierrick François | Tom Petit | Q. Auzoux | D. Le Boulch | Jacques BESSON
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2026-01-14)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Experimentally-based model for delayed hydride cracking (DHC): hydrogen diffusion, hydride nucleation, growth, dissolution and crack propagation Hydrogen embrittlement ; Cracking ; Hydrogen ; Hydride ; Dissolution ; Fracture mechanics ; Fracture toughness ; Embrittlement Nuclear Materials and Properties ; Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals ; High Temperature Alloys and Creep
Authors: Huan Liu | Shihong Chen | X. Xu | Rui Han | Sun Zejun | Shuchun Huang | Xiushuo Zhang | Li Huang | J. Luo | Dameng Liu
Source: Nature Communications (article, 2026-01-29)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Imaging multilevel exciton transport enabled by correlated electronic states Exciton transport is a fundamental energy transfer process essential to semiconductor optoelectronic devices, whose full application potential relies critically on achieving precise multilevel control. While correlated electronic states in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) offer unprecedented tunability, probing exciton dynamics within these states has been challenging due to limitations in the spatial and temporal resolution of conventional techniques. Here, we introduce an ultrafast optical imaging approach, integrating femtosecond transient absorption microscopy with a WSe<sub>2</sub> exciton sensor near twisted WS<sub>2</sub> moiré superlattices, achieving 200 fs temporal and 50 nm spatial resolution. Within these moiré systems, the formation of generalized Wigner crystals induces multilevel exciton transport by substantially altering the local dielectric environment, which in turn significantly reduces exciton lifetime and diffusion. Our findings reveal how correlated electronic states regulate exciton dynamics and establish a dynamic control framework with profound implications for next-generation logic computing, photonic interconnects, and optical modulation technologies. Exciton ; Femtosecond ; Ultrashort pulse ; Biexciton ; Photonics ; Ultrafast laser spectroscopy ; Semiconductor ; Absorption (acoustics) 2D Materials and Applications ; Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing ; Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies
Authors: Yaxin Hu | Qi Xu | Chengtian Wang | Fuxing Miao
Source: Energies (article, 2026-03-13)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Thermal Stress Response in Flat-Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Induced by Transient Temperature Rise During Thermal Cycling High-temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) typically operate under conditions involving repeated thermal cycling. The transient temperature rise during thermal cycling directly affects the stress distribution within the SOFC structure, particularly inducing non-uniform thermal stresses in the electrolyte layer. This can readily lead to cracking and fracture of the SOFCs, potentially degrading overall system performance. Therefore, investigating the effects of cyclic thermal loading on structural stress distribution is essential for optimizing SOFC design. To this end, this study developed a coupled thermo-chemo-mechanical finite element analysis for a planar tubular SOFC. The model is employed to analyze the influence of thermal impact on the thermal stress distribution within the cell structure under multiple thermal cycling conditions. The results indicate that both the transient temperature rise during SOFC operation and the number of thermal cycles significantly affect the peak stress in the electrolyte layer and the overall performance stability of the cell. By optimizing the geometric configuration of the flat-tubular and the transient temperature rise during thermal cycling, the thermal stress field distribution in the electrolyte can be improved. These findings provide theoretical guidance for optimizing the design and engineering application of high-temperature SOFCs. Temperature cycling ; Electrolyte ; Solid oxide fuel cell ; Thermal ; Transient (computer programming) ; Stress (linguistics) ; Cracking ; Oxide Advancements in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ; Fuel Cells and Related Materials ; Thermal Expansion and Ionic Conductivity