jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Ke Xin Eer | Roshanida A. Rahman | Nur Aizura Mat Alewi
Source: Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering (review, 2025-10-21)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Progress on encapsulation and entrapment of enzymes in electrospun nanofibers Electrospun nanofibers have attracted significant interest due to their high surface area-to-volume ratio, porosity, interconnected voids, and advantageous mechanical, chemical, and physical properties. Enzymes, known for its exceptional catalytic properties, are promising candidates for various industrial applications. However, the use of free enzymes is limited by challenges such as poor recyclability and susceptibility to environmental factors. Immobilization techniques offer a viable solution by enhancing the stability and activity of enzymes. This review compares four enzyme immobilization methods to identify the most effective strategy and focuses on the various approaches to optimize electrospinning methods, as well as parameters to maximize enzyme loading, activity retention, and stability. Among the various immobilization methods, entrapment and encapsulation of enzymes within electrospun nanofibers have garnered significant attention in recent years. The review discusses the applications and challenges associated with enzyme entrapment and encapsulation using electrospinning. Overall, advancements in electrospun nanofibers with encapsulated or entrapped enzymes highlight their potential as robust, efficient, and sustainable platforms for biosensors, therapeutics, antimicrobial applications, smart textiles, as well as food and wastewater treatment processes. Subsequently, future research should focus on scalable electrospinning processes, the development of eco-friendly materials, long-term enzyme stability, multi-enzyme systems, and a deeper mechanistic understanding to further enhance performance and safety. Nanofiber ; Electrospinning ; Entrapment ; Encapsulation (networking) ; Immobilized enzyme Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications ; Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization ; Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
Authors: Yuxiu Li | Junyang Liu | Rui Xu | Jing Liu | Xu Hou
Source: Biomimetics (article, 2025-01-26)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Bioinspired Design and Applications of Liquid Gating Gas Valve Membranes In nature, dynamic liquid interfaces play a vital role in regulating gas transport, as exemplified by the adaptive mechanisms of plant stomata and the liquid-lined alveoli, which enable efficient gas exchange through reversible opening and closing. These biological processes provide profound insights into the design of advanced gas control technologies. Inspired by these natural systems, liquid gating membranes have been developed utilizing capillary-stabilized liquids to achieve precise fluid regulation. These membranes offer unique advantages of rapid responses, stain resistance, and high energy efficiency. Particularly, they break through the limitations of traditional solid, porous membranes in gas transport. This perspective introduces bioinspired liquid gating gas valve membranes (LGVMs), emphasizing their opening/closing mechanism. It highlights how external stimuli can be exploited to enable advanced, multi-level gas control through active or passive regulation strategies. Diverse applications in gas flow regulation and selective gas transport are discussed. While challenges related to precise controllability, long-term stability, and scalable production persist, these advancements unlock significant opportunities for groundbreaking innovations across diverse fields, including gas purification, microfluidics, medical diagnostics, and energy harvesting technologies. Membrane ; Microfluidics ; Gating ; Nanotechnology ; Computer science ; Materials science ; Biochemical engineering ; Chemistry ; Engineering Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity ; Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials ; Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
Authors: Qinhai Xu | Kang Li | Huanhuan Cui | Junyu Peng | Wenliang Ji | Wei Zhang
Source: Arabian Journal of Chemistry (article, 2025-11-08)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Synthesis of <i>o</i> -phenylenediamine-based Zn-doped carbon dots with excitation-independent emission for the qualitative detection of ClO <sup>−</sup> Herein, o -phenylenediamine-based Zn-doped carbon dots (Zn-CDs) were hydrothermally synthesized using o -phenylenediamine, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, and aniline. The prepared Zn-CDs contained crystalline carbon with particle sizes ranging from approximately 3 to 7 nm. Remarkably, Zn-CDs displayed emission that was independent of excitation, peaking at 553 nm. The fluorescence diminished in acidic aqueous solutions, while metal ions had minimal effect on their properties. Addition of ABTS •+ led to a quenching of fluorescence with a calculated EC 50 value of 4.0887 × 10 -3 g/L. Additionally, an oxidation-reduction reaction occurred between ClO − and Zn-CDs, leading to notable reductions in fluorescence and the generation of a fluorescence peak at around 490 nm. Zn-CDs showed selectivity towards ClO − because of the absence of interaction between Zn-CDs and H 2 O 2 , NO, and ROO • . This work presents a novel approach to prepare Zn-CDs with excitation-independent emission and expands the application of Zn-CDs for color-changing and qualitative detection of ClO − . Fluorescence ; Carbon fibers ; Aqueous solution ; Quenching (fluorescence) ; Metal ions in aqueous solution ; Selectivity ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Ion Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications ; Electrochemical sensors and biosensors ; Advanced Nanomaterials in Catalysis
Authors: Kelath Murali Manoj
Source:  (preprint, 2025-04-18)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Quantitative theorization of murburn electron-transfers and murzyme catalysis The seminal Michaelis-Menten theorization for biological catalysis was based on “transition state”, involving the formation of topologically complementary substrate (S) and enzyme (E) complex (ES) at the ‘active site’ of the latter. Rudolph Marcus put forth the theory of outer sphere electron transfer (ET) in a redox system of “donor-acceptor” complex, which was seen as a foundational framework for understanding ET reactions in chemical systems. While the active-site treatment of Michaelis-Menten may not be relevant in promiscuous redox enzymes, Marcus theory’s applicability to biological ET (BET) systems can be limited, particularly in interfacial scenarios. First, I establish the “mathematical” NECESSITY to venture beyond the “active-site constraints” of interpreting redox enzyme kinetics and BETs. Further, given that (i) the standing models of the redox cascades of mitochondria, photon-processing machinery of chloroplasts and the information relaying physiological systems like neurons are discredited beyond redemption, and (ii) tangible/viable murburn models have been proposed in lieu for such systems, it is now an imperative mandate for availing quantitative murburn relations regarding the same. Towards achieving this ultimate goal for complex cases, herein, I present the foundational considerations of murburn catalysis and BET in much simpler systems, under various assumptions/limitations. While some derivations are from ab initio considerations, others are heuristic/empirical, often needing experimental fitting. Political science Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Chemistry ; Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms ; Photochemistry and Electron Transfer Studies
Authors: Nadir Kaplan | Hilal Kuru | Aslan Deniz Karaoğlan | Hakan Köçkar
Source: Physica Scripta (article, 2025-10-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Improvement of sputtering process for the highest saturation magnetisation of Ni/Al multilayer thin films by Taguchi method Abstract The purpose of this study is to find the optimum sputtered parameters of Ni/Al multilayer thin films for the highest saturation magnetization, hM S . It is the first time that the saturation magnetisation of Ni/Al multilayer films was optimised and thus improved by 7.25% using Taguchi method. For the application of the method, the most effective parameters: the Ni deposition rate, Ndr; Al deposition rate, Adr; Ni layer thickness, Nlt and Total film thickness, Tft with the level settings were selected as input parameters. And, in order to obtain the film with the hM S value, the hysteresis loops of a series of experiments obtained by Taguchi method were measured with a vibrating sample magnetometer. According to the signal-to-noise ratio and mean response results, the Ndr 3 (0.10 nm s −1 ), Adr 1 (0.02 nm s −1 ), Nlt 3 (45 nm) and Tft 1 (100 nm) were found to be the best conditions to produce the optimum film. Using the optimum parameters with the levels, the hM S value of the optimal film was predicted as 532.6 ± 6.2 emu cm −3 at 95% confidence interval and experimentally verified as 528.6 emu cm −3 with a confirmation experiment. The x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy measurements were made for the structural analysis. As it can be seen that the Taguchi results are quite useful for optimising the parameters of the Ni/Al multilayer thin films and therefore can be suggest as a guide for the production of the other multilayer thin films. Taguchi methods ; Thin film ; Saturation (graph theory) ; Sputtering ; Scanning electron microscope ; Hysteresis ; Sputter deposition Magnetic Properties and Applications ; Non-Destructive Testing Techniques ; Magnetic Field Sensors Techniques
Authors: Ahmadullah Hridoy | Rafid Bin Siddique | Md. Al‐Riad Tonmoy | Md. Mahmud | A.K.M. Ahsanul Habib
Source: SciEn Conference Series Engineering (article, 2025-11-11)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Strategies for Improved Efficiency of Hydrogen Storage in Metal-Organic Frameworks: A Comprehensive Review Hydrogen energy has always been considered the cleanest and most sustainable means of energy supply technology, which is important for the energy portfolio of our civilization in the foreseeable future. However, typical storage systems have several drawbacks, such as the demanding conditions of high pressure and cryogenic temperature, which hinder their usage and efficacy. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are a category of advanced materials characterized by their extensive surface area and adjustable pore architectures, which facilitate the storage of hydrogen at extremely high pressure and low temperatures. Despite all of these benefits, the weak physisorption of hydrogen under realistic conditions and rarely meeting up the condition of up taking hydrogen at room temperature nevertheless pose a significant obstacle to the usage of MOFs in energy storage devices. Some strategies used to improve MOFs' hydrogen sorption efficiency by modifications are covered in this paper. The main strategies are guest atom modification, the process which involves the use of foreign atoms which are inserted in the MOF pores to activate the unsaturated metal sites whereas metal doping utilizes d-block metals via ball milling to increase surface area and adsorption capacity. In particular, catalyst introduction causes the addition of metal nanoparticles so as to enhance hydrogen adsorption via spillover mechanisms, particularly at elevated temperatures. Additionally, MOF hybridization combines MOFs with materials like graphene oxide or zeolite, leveraging synergistic effects like optimizing pore size, enhancing microporosity, etc. to improve hydrogen binding energy. This review article focuses on the fundamental tactics that might enhance hydrogen storage qualities, enabling its use as a fuel source. Additionally, it explores potential avenues for further expansion to satisfy the growing energy requirements. Hydrogen storage ; Hydrogen ; Hydrogen spillover ; Adsorption ; Physisorption ; Oxide ; Hydrogen production ; Hydrogen fuel ; Energy storage Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications ; Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies ; Hydrogen Storage and Materials
Authors: Eshwara Nidadavolu | M. Mikulics | Martin Wolff | Thomas Ebel | Regine Willumeit‐Römer | Berit Zeller‐Plumhoff | Joachim Mayer | H. Hardtdegen
Source: Materials (article, 2025-08-18)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Correlative Raman Spectroscopy–SEM Investigations of Sintered Magnesium–Calcium Alloys for Biomedical Applications In this study, a correlative approach using Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is introduced to meet the challenges of identifying impurities, especially carbon-related compounds in metal injection-molded (MIM) Mg-0.6Ca specimens designed for biomedical applications. This study addresses, for the first time, the issue of carbon residuals in the binder-based powder metallurgy (PM) processing of Mg-0.6Ca materials. A deeper understanding of the material microstructure is important to assess the microstructure homogeneity at submicron levels as this later affects material degradation and biocompatibility behavior. Both spectroscopic and microscopic techniques used in this study respond to the concerns of secondary phase distributions and their possible stoichiometry. Our micro-Raman measurements performed over a large area reveal Raman modes at ~1370 cm<sup>-1</sup> and ~1560 cm<sup>-1</sup>, which are ascribed to the elemental carbon, and at ~1865 cm<sup>-1</sup>, related to C≡C stretching modes. Our study found that these carbonaceous residuals/contaminations in the material microstructure originated from the polymeric binder components used in the MIM fabrication route, which then react with the base material components, including impurities, at elevated thermal debinding and sintering temperatures. Additionally, using evidence from the literature on thermal carbon cracking, the presence of both free carbon and calcium carbide phases is inferred in the sintered Mg-0.6Ca material in addition to the Mg<sub>2</sub>Ca, oxide, and silicate phases. This first-of-its-kind correlative characterization approach for PM-processed Mg biomaterials is fast, non-destructive, and provides deeper knowledge on the formed residual carbonaceous phases. This is crucial in Mg alloy development strategies to ensure reproducible in vitro degradation and cell adhesion characteristics for the next generation of biocompatible magnesium materials. Correlative ; Raman spectroscopy ; Materials science ; Magnesium ; Calcium ; Metallurgy ; Nanotechnology ; Optics Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications ; Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties ; Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
Authors: Dongseong Seo | Tae Ha Kim | Sang Woo Kim | Sang‐Hyun Kim | Gi Dae Park | Daekyung Sung
Source: Discover Nano (article, 2025-11-16)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Design of a dual-responsive system based on ferrocene and porous Fe2O3 microspheres for therapeutic applications This paper reports the development of an advanced dual-stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system designed to enhance the precision and efficiency of targeted therapies. The system integrates the unique properties of ferrocene and porous iron oxide microspheres (P-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) to respond to reactive oxygen species and external magnetic fields. Ferrocene, with its well-known redox properties, facilitates selective drug release in oxidative environments commonly found in tumor tissues, while P-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> imparts magnetism and porosity for improved targeting and controlled release under magnetic stimuli. P-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> is synthesized using an environmentally friendly, continuous, and scalable spray pyrolysis technique, whereas ferrocene-based polymers are prepared via radical polymerization. As conventional nanostructured microsphere syntheses are time intensive, use toxic acids, and face scale-up challenges, this study proposes spray pyrolysis as an efficient approach for producing well-designed porous iron oxide microspheres capable of loading ferrocene nanoparticles on a large scale. Combining these materials yields a synergistic effect, optimizing drug delivery through selective release and enhanced control mechanisms. The drug release profiles of the model compounds are assessed, underscoring the potential of this dual-response system for precise, efficient, and safe therapeutic delivery. This innovative platform demonstrates significant potential as a next-generation drug-delivery technology aimed at minimizing side effects and maximizing therapeutic outcomes in oncological applications. Ferrocene ; Drug delivery ; Porosity ; Nanoparticle ; Pyrolysis ; Polymer ; Microsphere ; Oxide ; Iron oxide Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Ferrocene Chemistry and Applications ; Mesoporous Materials and Catalysis
Authors: Gagik Ayvazyan | Laura Lakhoyan | А. В. Семченко
Source: Engineering Technology & Applied Science Research (article, 2025-08-02)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Structural and Electrical Characteristics of Sol-Gel ZnO Films on Black Silicon In this work, zinc oxide (ZnO) films were deposited on silicon (Si) substrates with and without Black Silicon (BS) using the sol-gel spin-coating method. The nanotexturing of the Si surface was performed via reactive ion etching, resulting in the formation of a conical nanoneedle array that enhanced light trapping efficiency. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the ZnO films exhibited a polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure. The formation of n-ZnO/p-Si heterostructures was validated through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and current-voltage (I–V) measurements. The incorporation of BS at the heterostructure interface significantly enhances the spectral response across the entire wavelength range due to superior light-trapping properties and an increased contact area at the heterojunction. These findings are highly relevant for the development of photodetectors and other optoelectronic devices based on ZnO and BS. Materials science ; Silicon ; Sol-gel ; Composite material ; Metallurgy ; Nanotechnology ZnO doping and properties ; Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors ; Copper-based nanomaterials and applications
Authors: Manuel Aureliano | Jazmine Mateus | David Manjua Rijo
Source: BioChem (article, 2025-11-20)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Polyoxometalates’ Progress for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s disease (AD) signifies a devastating impact on the quality of life of patients and their families. At a biomolecular level, AD is characterized by the deposition of extracellular plaques of β-amyloid (Aβ), affecting language, spatial navigation, recognition abilities and memory. Among the selected 30 articles about polyoxometalates (POMs) and AD published from 2011 to 2025, pure POMs, hybrid POMs and POM nanoparticles can be found. The majority of POMs are polyoxotungstates (62%), the Keggin-type SiW11O39 being the most studied in AD. The main effect described is the inhibition of Aβ aggregates. Other effects include reversing the neurotoxicity induced by Aβ aggregates, decreasing ROS production and neuroinflammation, restoring memory and sequestering Zn2+ and Cu2+, among others, features that are well known to be associated with the pathology of AD. POMs have also shown the ability to induce the disaggregation of Aβ fibrils, particularly after irradiation, and to inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity at an nM range. Putting it all together, this review highlights a predominant trend in the exploration of POMs to act directly at the level of the formation and/or disaggregation of Aβ aggregates in the treatment of AD. Disease ; Neurotoxicity ; Extracellular ; Acetylcholinesterase ; Deposition (geology) Polyoxometalates: Synthesis and Applications ; Alzheimer's disease research and treatments ; Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Authors: David Vicente-Zurdo | Sonia Morante‐Zarcero | Isabel Sierra
Source: Molecules (article, 2025-11-19)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Green and Emerging Microextraction Strategies for Bioanalytical Determination of Hormones: Trends, Challenges, and Applications Accurate and sensitive determination of hormones in biological matrices is essential for clinical diagnostics, therapeutic monitoring, and endocrine research. However, hormone determination presents significant challenges due to their typically low concentrations, complex sample matrices, and structural diversity. In recent years, microextraction techniques have emerged as strategic tools in bioanalytical chemistry, offering advantages in terms of miniaturization, enhanced selectivity, and compatibility with the principles of green analytical chemistry (GAC). This review provides a comprehensive overview of green and emerging microextraction approaches for the determination of steroidal, thyroid, peptide, and other hormones in biological samples. Key techniques such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to diode array detectors (DADs) or mass spectrometry (MS), are critically discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the use of environmentally friendly solvents, such as deep eutectic solvents (DESs), supramolecular solvents (SUPRASs), and advanced sorbents including molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and nanostructured magnetic phases. Applications across various bioanalytical matrices (urine, plasma, serum, saliva, tissues…) are examined in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and validation parameters. Finally, current challenges, method development gaps, and future directions are highlighted to support the continued advancement of sustainable hormone determination in complex biological systems. Bioanalysis ; Molecularly imprinted polymer ; Sample preparation ; Complex matrix ; Green chemistry ; Solid-phase microextraction ; Biological fluids ; Analytical technique Analytical chemistry methods development ; Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography ; Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
Authors: José A.S. Laranjeira | Nicolas F. Martins | K. A. L. Lima | Lirong Xiao | Xihao Chen | Luiz Antônio Ribeiro | Júlio R. Sambrano
Source: Materials Today Communications (article, 2025-08-06)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Sodium-decorated P-C<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si41.svg" display="inline" id="d1e1206"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math>N: A porous 2D framework for high-capacity and reversible hydrogen storage Materials science Graphene research and applications ; Hydrogen Storage and Materials ; Boron and Carbon Nanomaterials Research