jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Yitao Sun | Yinping Bai | Wenlong Yang | Kangmin Bu | Sikander Khan Tanveer | Jiangbo Hai
Source: Frontiers in Chemistry (review, 2022-07-07)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Global Trends in Natural Biopolymers in the 21st Century: A Scientometric Review Since the 21st century, natural biopolymers have played an indispensable role in long-term global development strategies, and their research has shown a positive growth trend. However, these substantive scientific results are not conducive to our quick grasp of hotspots and insight into future directions and to understanding which local changes have occurred and which trend areas deserve more attention. Therefore, this study provides a new data-driven bibliometric analysis strategy and framework for mining the core content of massive bibliographic data, based on mathematical models VOS Viewer and CiteSpace software, aiming to understand the research prospects and opportunities of natural biopolymers. The United States is reported to be the most important contributor to research in this field, with numerous publications and active institutions; polymer science is the most popular subject category, but the further emphasis should be placed on interdisciplinary teamwork; mainstream research in this field is divided into five clusters of knowledge structures; since the explosion in the number of articles in 2018, researchers are mainly engaged in three fields: "medical field," "biochemistry field," and "food science fields." Through an in-depth analysis of natural biopolymer research, this article provides a better understanding of trends emerging in the field over the past 22 years and can also serve as a reference for future research. Mainstream ; Field (mathematics) ; Data science ; Bibliometrics ; Natural (archaeology) ; Subject (documents) ; Engineering ethics ; Management science ; Computer science ; Political science ; Engineering ; Geography ; Library science ; Mathematics biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
Authors: Chu Zhang | Lei Zhou | Qinlin Xiao | Xiulin Bai | Baohua Wu | Na Wu | Yiying Zhao | Junmin Wang | Lei Feng
Source: Plant Phenomics (article, 2022-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

End-to-End Fusion of Hyperspectral and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging to Identify Rice Stresses Herbicides and heavy metals are hazardous substances of environmental pollution, resulting in plant stress and harming humans and animals. Identification of stress types can help trace stress sources, manage plant growth, and improve stress-resistant breeding. In this research, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging (Chl-FI) were adopted to identify the rice plants under two types of herbicide stresses (butachlor (DCA) and quinclorac (ELK)) and two types of heavy metal stresses (cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu)). Visible/near-infrared spectra of leaves (L-VIS/NIR) and stems (S-VIS/NIR) extracted from HSI and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic curves of leaves (L-Chl-FKC) and stems (S-Chl-FKC) extracted from Chl-FI were fused to establish the models to detect the stress of the hazardous substances. Novel end-to-end deep fusion models were proposed for low-level, middle-level, and high-level information fusion to improve identification accuracy. Results showed that the high-level fusion-based convolutional neural network (CNN) models reached the highest detection accuracy (97.7%), outperforming the models using a single data source (<94.7%). Furthermore, the proposed end-to-end deep fusion models required a much simpler training procedure than the conventional two-stage deep learning fusion. This research provided an efficient alternative for plant stress phenotyping, including identifying plant stresses caused by hazardous substances of environmental pollution. Hyperspectral imaging ; Chlorophyll ; Pollution ; Fusion ; Environmental science ; Environmental stress ; Environmental pollution ; Remote sensing ; Artificial intelligence ; Chemistry ; Computer science ; Botany ; Biology ; Geology ; Ecology Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Smart Agriculture and AI ; Remote Sensing in Agriculture
Authors: Asif Saud | Haleema Saleem | Syed Javaid Zaidi
Source: Membranes (review, 2022-04-25)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Progress and Prospects of Nanocellulose-Based Membranes for Desalination and Water Treatment Membrane-based desalination has proved to be the best solution for solving the water shortage issues globally. Membranes are extremely beneficial in the effective recovery of clean water from contaminated water sources, however, the durability as well as the separation efficiency of the membranes are restricted by the type of membrane materials/additives used in the preparation processes. Nanocellulose is one of the most promising green materials for nanocomposite preparation due to its biodegradability, renewability, abundance, easy modification, and exceptional mechanical properties. This nanocellulose has been used in membrane development for desalination application in the recent past. The study discusses the application of membranes based on different nanocellulose forms such as cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils, and bacterial nanocellulose for water desalination applications such as nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, pervaporation, forward osmosis, and membrane distillation. From the analysis of studies, it was confirmed that the nanocellulose-based membranes are effective in the desalination application. The chemical modification of nanocellulose can definitely improve the surface affinity as well as the reactivity of membranes for the efficient separation of specific contaminants/ions. Nanocellulose ; Desalination ; Membrane ; Reverse osmosis ; Nanofiltration ; Cellulose ; Bacterial cellulose ; Pervaporation ; Materials science ; Membrane technology ; Chemical engineering ; Microfiltration ; Chemistry ; Engineering Advanced Cellulose Research Studies ; Membrane Separation Technologies ; Electrohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Julia P. Schessner | Eugenia Voytik | Isabell Bludau
Source: PROTEOMICS (review, 2022-02-02)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

A practical guide to interpreting and generating bottom‐up proteomics data visualizations Mass-spectrometry based bottom-up proteomics is the main method to analyze proteomes comprehensively and the rapid evolution of instrumentation and data analysis has made the technology widely available. Data visualization is an integral part of the analysis process and it is crucial for the communication of results. This is a major challenge due to the immense complexity of MS data. In this review, we provide an overview of commonly used visualizations, starting with raw data of traditional and novel MS technologies, then basic peptide and protein level analyses, and finally visualization of highly complex datasets and networks. We specifically provide guidance on how to critically interpret and discuss the multitude of different proteomics data visualizations. Furthermore, we highlight Python-based libraries and other open science tools that can be applied for independent and transparent generation of customized visualizations. To further encourage programmatic data visualization, we provide the Python code used to generate all data figures in this review on GitHub (https://github.com/MannLabs/ProteomicsVisualization). Proteomics ; Computer science ; Computational biology ; Data science ; Data mining ; Biology ; Genetics Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks ; Machine Learning in Bioinformatics
Authors: S. Almaviva | Florinda Artuso | Isabella Giardina | Antonia Lai | Alessandra Pasquo
Source: Sensors (article, 2022-10-30)
Field: Chemistry — Electrochemistry

Fast Detection of Different Water Contaminants by Raman Spectroscopy and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Fast monitoring of water quality is a fundamental part of environmental management and protection, in particular, the possibility of qualitatively and quantitatively determining its contamination at levels that are dangerous for human health, fauna and flora. Among the techniques currently available, Raman spectroscopy and its variant, Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), have several advantages, including no need for sample preparation, quick and easy operation and the ability to operate on the field. This article describes the application of the Raman and SERS technique to liquid samples contaminated with different classes of substances, including nitrates, phosphates, pesticides and their metabolites. The technique was also used for the detection of the air pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and, in particular, benzo(a)pyrene, considered as a reference for the carcinogenicity of the whole class of these compounds. To pre-concentrate the analytes, we applied a methodology based on the well-known coffee-ring effect, which ensures preconcentration of the analytes without any pretreatment of the sample, providing a versatile approach for fast and in-situ detection of water pollutants. The obtained results allowed us to reveal these analytes at low concentrations, close to or lower than their regulatory limits. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy ; Raman spectroscopy ; Contamination ; Pollutant ; Environmental chemistry ; Analyte ; Pyrene ; Sample preparation ; Chemistry ; Environmental science ; Nanotechnology ; Materials science ; Chromatography ; Organic chemistry ; Raman scattering Electrochemical Analysis and Applications ; Biosensors and Analytical Detection ; Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Zhuo Wang | Hongrui Zhang | Hanting Zhao | Tie Jun Cui | Lianlin Li
Source: Nanophotonics (article, 2022-01-04)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Intelligent electromagnetic metasurface camera: system design and experimental results Electromagnetic (EM) sensing is uniquely positioned among nondestructive examination options, which enables us to see clearly targets, even when they visually invisible, and thus has found many valuable applications in science, engineering and military. However, it is suffering from increasingly critical challenges from energy consumption, cost, efficiency, portability, etc., with the rapidly growing demands for the high-quality sensing with three-dimensional high-frame-rate schemes. To address these difficulties, we propose the concept of intelligent EM metasurface camera by the synergetic exploitation of inexpensive programmable metasurfaces with modern machine learning techniques, and establish a Bayesian inference framework for it. Such EM camera introduces the intelligence over the entire sensing chain of data acquisition and processing, and exhibits good performance in terms of the image quality and efficiency, even when it is deployed in highly noisy environment. Selected experimental results in real-world settings are provided to demonstrate that the developed EM metasurface camera enables us to see clearly human behaviors behind a 60 cm-thickness reinforced concrete wall with the frame rate in order of tens of Hz. We expect that the presented strategy could have considerable impacts on sensing and beyond, and open up a promising route toward smart community and beyond. Nanomaterials ; Metamaterial ; Electromagnetic radiation ; Computer science ; Optoelectronics ; Materials science ; Optics ; Physics ; Nanotechnology Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies ; Antenna Design and Analysis
Authors: Abigail Cember | Ravi Prakash Reddy Nanga | Ravinder Reddy
Source: NMR in Biomedicine (review, 2022-06-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Glutamate‐weighted CEST (gluCEST) imaging for mapping neurometabolism: An update on the state of the art and emerging findings from <i>in vivo</i> applications Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. As such, its proper regulation is essential to the healthy function of the human brain, and dysregulation of glutamate metabolism and compartmentalization underlies numerous neurological and neuropsychiatric pathologies. Glutamate-weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer (gluCEST) MRI is one of the only ways to non-invasively observe the relative concentration and spatial distribution of glutamate in the human brain. In the past 10 years, gluCEST has developed from a proof-of-concept experiment carried out in imaging phantoms and model systems to an increasingly sophisticated technique applied to reveal deviations from baseline neural metabolism in human beings, most notably in patients experiencing seizures of various origins or those on the psychosis spectrum. This article traces that progress, including in-depth discussion of the technical specifics of gluCEST and potential challenges to performing these experiments rigorously. We discuss the neurobiological context of glutamate, including the widely accepted hypotheses and models in the literature regarding its involvement in neurodegenerative diseases and other pathology. We then review the state of the art of in vivo glutamate detection by magnetic resonance imaging and the limitations on this front of in vivo MR spectroscopy. The gluCEST experiment is introduced and its advantages, challenges and limitations are thoroughly explored, beginning with the phantom experiment results demonstrated in the initial publication, through the latest approaches to correcting human brain images for B<sub>1</sub> inhomogeneity. We then give a comprehensive overview of preclinical applications demonstrated to date, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Traumatic brain injury and cancer, followed by a similar discussion of human studies. Finally, we highlight emerging applications, and discuss technical improvements on the horizon that hold promise for improving the robustness and versatility of gluCEST and its increasing presence in the arena of translational and precision medicine. Neuroscience ; Glutamate receptor ; Human brain ; Context (archaeology) ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; In vivo ; In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; Psychology ; Medicine ; Computer science ; Biology ; Internal medicine ; Radiology Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes ; Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications ; Electron Spin Resonance Studies
Authors: Sami Pietilä | Tomi Suomi | Laura L. Elo
Source: ISME Communications (article, 2022-06-29)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Introducing untargeted data-independent acquisition for metaproteomics of complex microbial samples Mass spectrometry-based metaproteomics is a relatively new field of research that enables the characterization of the functionality of microbiota. Recently, we demonstrated the applicability of data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry to the analysis of complex metaproteomic samples. This allowed us to circumvent many of the drawbacks of the previously used data-dependent acquisition (DDA) mass spectrometry, mainly the limited reproducibility when analyzing samples with complex microbial composition. However, the DDA-assisted DIA approach still required additional DDA data on the samples to assist the analysis. Here, we introduce, for the first time, an untargeted DIA metaproteomics tool that does not require any DDA data, but instead generates a pseudospectral library directly from the DIA data. This reduces the amount of required mass spectrometry data to a single DIA run per sample. The new DIA-only metaproteomics approach is implemented as a new open-source software package named glaDIAtor, including a modern web-based graphical user interface to facilitate wide use of the tool by the community. Metaproteomics ; Mass spectrometry ; Computer science ; Data mining ; Software ; Data acquisition ; Field (mathematics) ; Chemistry ; Metagenomics ; Chromatography ; Mathematics ; Operating system Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Authors: Di Wu | Xing Yang | Ningning Wang | Liangjun Lu | Jianping Chen | Linjie Zhou | B. M. A. Rahman
Source: Nanophotonics (article, 2022-06-22)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Resonant multilevel optical switching with phase change material GST We demonstrate a multilevel optical memristive switch based on a silicon Fabry-Perot resonator. The resonator is constructed by a pair of waveguide Bragg gratings at the ends of a multimode interferometer (MMI) covered with sub-micrometer-size Ge<sub>2</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>5</sub> (GST) thin film on top. The interaction between the optical field and GST is greatly enhanced due to the resonant effect. The GST phase transition is triggered by applying electrical pulses to the doped-silicon microheater. Light is transmitted when GST is amorphous while it is highly absorbed by the crystalline GST at the resonance wavelength, leading to a higher on-off extinction ratio (ER) compared to the non-resonant device. The resonant device achieves a maximum transmission contrast of 10.29 dB and a total of 38 distinct nonvolatile switching levels. Our work provides an effective solution to improving the multilevel switching performance of phase-change devices and paves the way for future nonvolatile silicon photonics devices. Nanomaterials ; Materials science ; Phase change ; Optoelectronics ; Phase (matter) ; Nanotechnology ; Engineering physics ; Physics Phase-change materials and chalcogenides ; Liquid Crystal Research Advancements ; Optical and Acousto-Optic Technologies
Authors: Xiaoyang Li | Yufei Cao | Kai Luo | Lin Zhang | Yunxiu Bai | Jiarong Xiong | Richard N. Zare | Jun Ge
Source: Nature Communications (article, 2022-04-21)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Cooperative catalysis by a single-atom enzyme-metal complex Anchoring single metal atoms on enzymes has great potential to generate hybrid catalysts with high activity and selectivity for reactions that cannot be driven by traditional metal catalysts. Herein, we develop a photochemical method to construct a stable single-atom enzyme-metal complex by binding single metal atoms to the carbon radicals generated on an enzyme-polymer conjugate. The metal mass loading of Pd-anchored enzyme is up to 4.0% while maintaining the atomic dispersion of Pd. The cooperative catalysis between lipase-active site and single Pd atom accelerates alkyl-alkyl cross-coupling reaction between 1-bromohexane and B-n-hexyl-9-BBN with high efficiency (TOF is 540 h<sup>-1</sup>), exceeding that of the traditional catalyst Pd(OAc)<sub>2</sub> by a factor of 300 under ambient conditions. Catalysis ; Metal ; Alkyl ; Lipase ; Chemistry ; Conjugate ; Atom (system on chip) ; Radical ; Selectivity ; Combinatorial chemistry ; Photochemistry ; Enzyme ; Organic chemistry Nanocluster Synthesis and Applications ; CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts ; Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
Authors: Saadia Lahreche | Imane Moulefera | Abdelkader El Kebir | Lilia Sabantina | M’hamed Kaid | Abdelghani Benyoucef
Source: Fibers (article, 2022-01-13)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Application of Activated Carbon Adsorbents Prepared from Prickly Pear Fruit Seeds and a Conductive Polymer Matrix to Remove Congo Red from Aqueous Solutions The present work was aimed to evaluate the adsorption properties of activated carbons based on prickly pear seeds (PPS) and conductive polymer matrix based on polyaniline (PANI) for the removal of anionic Congo red (CR) dye from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent was prepared by polymerization of aniline in the presence of activated PPS by phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) methods. The adsorption kinetics were studied using UV-visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy. The characterization data suggest that the adsorption of the Congo red dye is enhanced because PANI chain molecules, which are especially accountable for removal through π–π interaction and H–bonding with the CR, are adsorbed/tethered onto the acid-activated PPS (PPSH), and thus surmount the mass transfer limitation by being best exposed to the CR-adsorbed molecule. The adsorption kinetics follows the pseudo-second order process. The correlation coefficients (R2) for Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin showed that the adsorption values obey Freundlich and Tempkin isotherm models. Moreover, the isotherm was most accurately described by the Freundlich model, and the maximum removal percentage was calculated to be 91.14% under optimized conditions of pH 6.6, 1 g/L of adsorbent dosage, and an initial CR dye concentration of 20 mg·L−1. Importantly, the hybrid adsorbent exhibited the highest adsorption capacity (80.15%) after five cycles of the adsorption–desorption process. Thermodynamic parameters, such as entropy changes, enthalpy changes and Gibbs free energy, were also evaluated. These results indicated that the PANI matrix can generally be better utilized for the removal of Congo red dye when appropriately dispersed on the surface of suitable support materials. These results provide a new direction to promote the separable adsorbents with increasing performance for adsorption of dye impurities from wastewater. Freundlich equation ; Adsorption ; Congo red ; Aqueous solution ; Materials science ; Thermogravimetric analysis ; Langmuir ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; Langmuir adsorption model ; Polyaniline ; Activated carbon ; Desorption ; Nuclear chemistry ; Chemical engineering ; Chemistry ; Polymer ; Organic chemistry ; Polymerization ; Composite material Conducting polymers and applications ; Electrochemical sensors and biosensors ; Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
Authors: Penghui Li | Chi Yang | Xuewen Xu | Miao Chen | Tianjiao He | Bo Jiang | Wenjuan Wu
Source: Gels (article, 2022-11-21)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Preparation of Bio-Based Aerogel and Its Adsorption Properties for Organic Dyes The effective utilization of biomass and the purification of dye wastewater are urgent problems. In this study, a biomass aerogel (CaCO<sub>3</sub>@starch/polyacrylamide/TEMPO-oxidized nanocellulose, CaCO<sub>3</sub>@STA/PAM/TOCN) was prepared by combining nanocellulose with starch and introducing calcium carbonate nanoparticles, which exhibited a rich three-dimensional layered porous structure with a very light mass. Starch and nanocellulose can be grafted onto the molecular chain of acrylamide, while calcium carbonate nanopores can make the gel pore size uniform and have excellent swelling properties. Here, various factors affecting the adsorption behavior of this aerogel, such as pH, contact time, ambient temperature, and initial concentration, are investigated. From the kinetic data, it can be obtained that the adsorption process fits well with the pseudo-second-order. The Langmuir isotherm model can fit the equilibrium data well. The thermodynamic data also demonstrated the spontaneous and heat-absorbing properties of anionic and cationic dyes on CaCO<sub>3</sub>@STA/PAM/TOCN aerogels. The adsorption capacity of Congo red (CR) and methylene blue (MB) by CaCO<sub>3</sub>@STA/PAM/TOCN was 277.76 mg/g and 101.01 mg/g, respectively. Therefore, cellulose and starch-based aerogels can be considered promising adsorbents for the treatment of dye wastewater. Nanocellulose ; Aerogel ; Adsorption ; Chemical engineering ; Materials science ; Polyacrylamide ; Starch ; Congo red ; Langmuir adsorption model ; Cationic polymerization ; Cellulose ; Organic chemistry ; Chemistry ; Polymer chemistry ; Composite material Aerogels and thermal insulation ; Advanced Cellulose Research Studies ; Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal