jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Naoto Kawasaki | Keita Hamasaki | S. Sasaki | Naoki Takeishi | Susumu KUDO
Source: Journal of Biorheology (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Quantification of membrane protein diffusion on endothelial cell surfaces under shear stress using a photochromic fluorescent protein The fluidity of endothelial cell (EC) membranes, consisting of a lipid bilayer and heterogeneous multicomponent, undergoes alterations in response to shear stress. Although localized variations in membrane fluidity are assumed to induce region-specific signal transduction by modulating membrane protein dynamics on almost planar bilayers, membrane protein diffusion under shear stress remains uncertain. Hence, this study aimed to quantify membrane protein diffusion on ECs under fluid shear stress. We used the photochromic fluorescent protein Dronpa to tag a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein (GPI-AP), which diffuses across the outer membranes, and quantified its surface diffusion based on the spatiotemporal distribution of Dronpa-Green-labeled GPI-AP (DGGPI-AP) on EC membranes. We developed an experimental platform to measure the GPI-AP surface diffusion under fluid shear stress and quantified the diffusion coefficient of GPI-AP in two distinct membrane regions: upstream and downstream relative to the direction of fluid flow. Our experimental results showed that there were not statistically significant differences in GPI-AP diffusion on EC membranes between the time points or between the upstream and downstream regions of ECs for at least 15 minutes under shear stress. Our developed methodology and experimental results will be useful to understand a relationship between the membrane protein diffusion and shear-induced cellular processes. Shear stress ; Biophysics ; Fluorescence ; Membrane ; Fluorescent protein ; Photochromism ; Cell ; Chemistry ; Diffusion ; Cell membrane ; Materials science ; Biomedical engineering ; Green fluorescent protein ; Biochemistry ; Composite material ; Optics ; Nanotechnology ; Biology ; Medicine Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry ; RNA Interference and Gene Delivery ; Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
Authors: Surya N. Panda | Qun Yang | Darius Pohl | Hua Lv | Iñigo Robredo | Rebeca Ibarra | Alexander Tahn | Bernd Rellinghaus | Yan Sun | Binghai Yan | Αναστάσιος Μάρκου | Edouard Lesne | Claudia Felser
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-10-23)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Spin-to-charge conversion in orthorhombic RhSi topological semimetal crystalline thin films The rise of non-magnetic topological semimetals, which provide a promising platform for observing and controlling various spin-orbit effects, has led to significant advancements in the field of topological spintronics. RhSi exists in two distinct polymorphs: cubic and orthorhombic crystal structures. The noncentrosymmetric B20 cubic structure has been extensively studied for hosting unconventional multifold fermions. In contrast, the orthorhombic structure, which crystallizes in the Pnma space group (No. 62), remains less explored and belongs to the family of topological Dirac semimetals. In this work, we investigate the structural, magnetic, and electrical properties of RhSi textured-epitaxial films grown on Si(111) substrates, which crystallize in the orthorhombic structure. We investigate the efficiency of pure spin current transport across RhSi/permalloy interfaces and the subsequent spin-to-charge current conversion via inverse spin Hall effect measurements. The xperimentally determined spin Hall conductivity in orthorhombic RhSi reaches a maximum value of 126 ($\hbar$/e)($Ω$.cm)$^{-1}$ at 10 K, which aligns reasonably well with first-principles calculations that attribute the spin Hall effect in RhSi to the spin Berry curvature mechanism. Additionally, we demonstrate the ability to achieve a sizable spin-mixing conductance (34.7 nm$^{-2}$) and an exceptionally high interfacial spin transparency of 88$%$ in this heterostructure, underlining its potential for spin-orbit torque switching applications. Overall, this study broadens the scope of topological spintronics, emphasizing the controlled interfacial spin-transport processes and subsequent spin-to-charge conversion in a previously unexplored topological Dirac semimetal RhSi/ferromagnet heterostructure. Orthorhombic crystal system ; Semimetal ; Condensed matter physics ; Materials science ; Charge (physics) ; Spin (aerodynamics) ; Thin film ; Topology (electrical circuits) ; Physics ; Crystal structure ; Nanotechnology ; Chemistry ; Band gap ; Crystallography ; Quantum mechanics Magnetic Properties of Alloys ; Magnetic properties of thin films ; Crystallography and Radiation Phenomena
Authors: Domitille Gérard | Stéphanie Buil | Jean‐Pierre Hermier | Aymeric Delteil
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-11-11)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Crossover from inhomogeneous to homogeneous response of a resonantly driven hBN quantum emitter We experimentally investigate a solid-state quantum emitter - a B center in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) - that has lifetime-limited coherence at short times, and experiences inhomogeneous broadening due to spectral diffusion at longer times. By making use of power broadening in resonant laser excitation, we explore the crossover between the inhomogeneous and the homogeneous broadening regimes. With the support of numerical simulations, we show that the lineshape, count rate, second-order correlations and long-time photon statistics evolve from a regime where they are dictated by spectral diffusion to a regime where they are simply given by the homogeneous response of the emitter, yielding restored Lorentzian shape and Poissonian photon statistics. Saturation of the count rate and line broadening occur not at the onset of the Rabi oscillations, but when the power-broadened homogeneous response becomes comparable with the inhomogeneous linewidth. Moreover, we identify specific signatures in both the second-order correlations and long-time photon statistics that are well explained by a microscopic spectral diffusion model based on discrete jumps at timescales of micro- to milliseconds. Our work provides an extensive description of the photophysics of B-centers under resonant excitation, and can be readily extended to a wide variety of solid-state quantum emitters. Crossover ; Common emitter ; Homogeneous ; Quantum ; Physics ; Condensed matter physics ; Quantum mechanics ; Optoelectronics ; Computer science ; Statistical physics ; Artificial intelligence Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; Boron and Carbon Nanomaterials Research ; Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design
Authors: Dakshina Valiveti | T. Neeraj
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-08-27)
Field: Materials Science — Metals and Alloys

Continuum Damage Model for Hydrogen Embrittlement in Ferritic Steels Hydrogen embrittlement of metals and alloys, particularly steels, has been an important scientific and engineering challenge in the Oil and Gas industry for many years. It impacts the integrity and performance of a wide range of structures and equipment such as downhole tubulars and pipelines in sour service in the Upstream (U/S) and hydro-processing reactors in the Downstream (D/S). In addition, the rapidly growing interest in hydrogen as an energy carrier for fuel cells and mobility or as a clean fuel/heat source for hard to decarbonize industrial processes, draws attention to this key challenge of materials integrity in handling hydrogen. The fundamental understanding of failure mechanism(s) and the capability to model material behavior is important for managing the integrity and for repurposing existing infrastructure for transporting hydrogen as well as for extending the life of structures. To that extent, the present work develops a robust mathematical model to estimate the strength degradation and embrittlement due to hydrogen in steels. The model incorporates hydrogen affected constitutive response of material, within the framework of finite element method. The modified constitutive response is a Gurson plasticity based continuum damage model and incorporates two vital aspects of NVC failure theory. These key aspects are (i) hydrogen enhanced localized dislocation plasticity, and (ii) hydrogen enhanced vacancy stabilization forming nano-voids. The deformation and damage in the material is coupled with trap mediated hydrogen diffusion. Calibration of damage model parameters is performed for X65 commercial linepipe steel. Finally, capability of the damage model is demonstrated with numerical simulation of round bar tensile tests on X65 steel under hydrogen exposure. The numerical simulations are shown to be in excellent agreement with experimental results. Hydrogen embrittlement ; Embrittlement ; Materials science ; Metallurgy ; Hydrogen ; Nuclear engineering ; Engineering ; Corrosion ; Chemistry Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals ; Material Properties and Failure Mechanisms ; Non-Destructive Testing Techniques
Authors: Olivia Coindreau | M.V. García | L.E. Herranz | S. Ederli | Mattia Massone | O. Sevbo | Pavlin Groudev | Аlgirdas Кaliatka | Virginijus Vileiniškis | M. Malicki | Yu. Vorobyov | Ivan Ivanov | Matteo D’Onorio | Yves Pontillon
Source: SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository (article, 2024-05-13)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Synthesis of Source Term Assessments for a Loss-of-Cooling Accident in a Spent Fuel Pool: Insights from Uncertainty and Sensitivity analyses and potential benefit of water injection by spray system International audience Environmental science ; Term (time) ; Sensitivity (control systems) ; Nuclear engineering ; Reliability engineering ; Engineering ; Physics Nuclear Materials and Properties ; Nuclear Engineering Thermal-Hydraulics ; Risk and Safety Analysis
Authors: Junqing Xu | Hiroyuki Takenaka | Andrew Grieder | Jacopo Simoni | Ravishankar Sundraraman | Yuan Ping
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-08-15)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Spin Relaxation and Diffusion in Monolayer 1T'-WTe$_2$ from First-Principles Understanding spin relaxation in topological systems such as quantum spin-hall (QSH) insulator is critical for realizing coherent transport at high temperature. WTe$_{2}$, known as a QSH insulator with a high transition temperature of 100K, is an important test-bed of unveiling spin relaxation mechanism in topological materials. In this work, we employ our recently-developed \emph{ab initio} density-matrix dynamics approach to investigate spin relaxation mechanism, and calculate spin lifetime and diffusion length of monolayer 1T'-WTe$_{2}$, at finite temperature under an external electric field. We found the spin lifetime of electrons have the largest anisotropy when measuring along the canted-spin-texture direction. Moreover, we found an opposite trend between spin and carrier relaxation against applied electric field. Most importantly, the relaxation mechanism under intermediate electric field around 1V/nm can not be explained by either Eillot-Yafet or Dyakonov-Perel models, which highlights the generality of our \emph{ab initio} density-matrix framework. We then proposed analytical models to explain its mechanism and compare well with \emph{ab initio} results at small and large electric field. We predict that spin lifetime and spin diffusion length of bulk-state electrons are $\sim$1 ps and $\sim$30 nm at room temperature respectively, suggesting its promise for spintronic applications. Monolayer ; Spin (aerodynamics) ; Condensed matter physics ; Spin diffusion ; Relaxation (psychology) ; Diffusion ; Materials science ; Physics ; Nanotechnology ; Quantum mechanics ; Thermodynamics ; Psychology ; Social psychology 2D Materials and Applications ; Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures ; Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices
Authors: Anis Chiout | A. Tempez | Thomas Carlier | Marc Chaigneau | Fabian Cadiz | A. C. H. Rowe | Biyuan Zheng | Anlian Pan | Marco Pala | Fabrice Oehler | Abdelkarim Ouerghi | Julien Chaste
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-02-05)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

High Strain Engineering of a Suspended WSSe Monolayer Membrane by Indentation and Measured by Tip-enhanced Photoluminescence Straintronics involves the manipulation and regulation of the electronic characteristics of 2D materials through the use of macro- and nano-scale strain engineering. In this study, we utilized an atomic force microscope (AFM) coupled with an optical system to perform indentation measurements and tip-enhanced photoluminescence (TEPL), allowing us to extract the local optical response of a suspended monolayer membrane of ternary WSSe at various levels of deformation, up to strains of 10%. The photoluminescence signal is modelled considering the deformation, stress distribution and strain dependence of the WSSe band structure. We observe an additional TEPL signal that exhibits significant variation under strain, with 64 meV per percent of elongation. This peak is linked to the highly strained 2D material lying right underneath the tip. We discuss the amplification of the signal and its relation to the excitonic funnelling effect in a more comprehensive model. We will also compare the diffusion caused by Auger recombination against the radiative excitonic decay. We use TEPL to examine and comprehend the local physics of 2D semi-conducting materials subjected to extreme mechanical strain. Chemical vapour deposition-fabricated 2D ternaries possess high strain resistance, comparable to the benchmark MoS2, and a high Young's modulus of 273 GPa. Indentation ; Monolayer ; Photoluminescence ; Materials science ; Strain (injury) ; Membrane ; Composite material ; Strain engineering ; Nanotechnology ; Chemistry ; Optoelectronics ; Anatomy ; Biology 2D Materials and Applications ; Perovskite Materials and Applications ; Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films
Authors: Yuya Koike | Huan‐Jung Fan | Yoshimi Seida | Noriyoshi Sonetaka | Eiji Furuya
Source: Applied Sciences (article, 2024-06-05)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

The Development of an Efficient Simplified Technique to Estimate Diffusivity in a Completely Mixed Batch Reactor Liquid-phase adsorption technology has been widely applied to address environmental problems related to the removal of pollutants from aqueous streams. Simple and effective methods for determining mass transfer parameters, including intra-particle and fluid-to-solid film resistances, are crucial for designing adsorption processes. The efficient simplified diffusion technique (ES technique), based on a completely mixed batch reactor (CMBR), is proposed in this study to address these needs. In this study, we compare three diffusivity (Ds) determination methods: the rigorous diffusion technique (R technique), the simplified diffusion technique (S technique), and the ES technique. Although the simulation results from the R technique are excellent, it is a very complicated and time-consuming approach that is not convenient for practical use. The S technique provides a much simpler approach, but its results are only valid in cases where the contribution of fluid film resistance is negligible (Biot number &gt; 40). The ES technique proposed in this study can overcome those limitations. The estimation errors of the ES technique are significantly smaller than that of the S technique when compared with the R technique. The proposed ES technique would be very useful for field applications to determine diffusivity for aqueous adsorption systems. Process engineering ; Materials science ; Thermodynamics ; Physics ; Engineering Zeolite Catalysis and Synthesis ; Crystallization and Solubility Studies ; Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Authors: Pan Li | Guoying Wu | Mingwu Zhang | Yuan Zhang | Zhongmei Wang | Zhiqiang Lai
Source: Preprints.org (preprint, 2024-03-15)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Study on the Suspension Mechanism and Critical Formula of the Epipelic Algae Group on the Side Wall of the Channel When the epipelic algae group growing on the concrete inclined side wall, which is typical of urban rivers and open diversion channels, enters the water flow, it will seriously affect the func-tion of the rivers or the channels. It is urgent to predict the transport capacity of epipelic algae group with water flow. However, the current research on the transport of pollutants is mostly based on mathematical models, and the study of the transport of flake epipelic algae group is extremely rare. A generalized hydrodynamic experimental model of a flume with sidewall epi-pelic algae group was established. Through a series of hydraulic experiments, the physical movement form and transport capacity of the suspended epipelic algae group on the side wall of the channel were studied qualitatively and quantitatively by taking the thickness, sheet size and flow rate of the epipelic algae group as the influencing factors. The key influencing factors of the suspension of epipelic algae are clarified, so as to quantitatively analyze the critical conditions of its suspension. Through flow scheduling, the probability of epipelic algae gathering some-where is increased. It provides a theoretical basis for realizing the long-distance migration of epipelic algae and optimizing the mathematical model. Suspension (topology) ; Group (periodic table) ; Algae ; Mechanism (biology) ; Channel (broadcasting) ; Mathematics ; Chemistry ; Botany ; Computer science ; Physics ; Biology ; Pure mathematics ; Telecommunications ; Organic chemistry ; Quantum mechanics Diatoms and Algae Research ; Biocrusts and Microbial Ecology ; Algal biology and biofuel production
Authors: Blanca Climent-Ezquerra | Mario Durán | Elva Ortega-Torres | Marko Antonio Rojas-Medar
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-02-23)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Weak Reproductive Solutions for a Convection-Diffusion Model Describing a Binary Alloy Solidification Processes We study the existence of reproductive weak solutions for a system of equations describing a solidification process of a binary alloy confined into a bounded and regular domain in $\mathbb{R}^3$, having mixed boundary conditions. Binary number ; Binary alloy ; Alloy ; Diffusion ; Materials science ; Convection ; Thermodynamics ; Mechanics ; Metallurgy ; Physics ; Mathematics Solidification and crystal growth phenomena
Authors: Farshad Daneshpazhoonejad | Marcus Glaser | Jörg Hildebrand | Jean Pierre Bergmann | Anne Jung
Source: Advanced Engineering Materials (article, 2024-04-12)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Experimental‐Assisted Approach to Develop a Numerical Model for Simulating the Reaction Propagation in Reactive Multilayers One outstanding feature of self‐propagating reactions is their ability to release heat of reaction over both temporal and spatial scales, enabling the sustained progression of the reaction after a local ignition. They propagate in the form of a continuous reaction front through the mixture of the starting materials. Previous research on reactive materials has predominantly focused on unraveling the microstructure property relationships influencing released energy in reacting multilayers. This involved considering coupled differential equations, including the heat conduction equation and Fick's law. In this study, the introduction of a purely thermal numerical macroscale model is made, incorporating two states of material properties that differentiate between the thermal characteristics before and after phase formation. The homogenization of material properties before the phase formation is accomplished through the consideration of directional‐temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity and temperature‐dependent‐specific heat capacity. The energy‐release function is derived using experimental data for the reaction velocity depending on bilayer thickness. This model allows for the exploration of reaction motion and temperature profiles, achieving qualitative conformity with experimental measurements for freestanding foil, and necessitating reasonable computational effort. Materials science ; Thermal conduction ; Thermal conductivity ; Mechanics ; Reactive material ; Reaction–diffusion system ; Heat equation ; Activation energy ; Thermodynamics ; Composite material ; Physical chemistry ; Chemistry ; Physics Flame retardant materials and properties ; Energetic Materials and Combustion ; Combustion and Detonation Processes
Authors: Christoph Hurm | Maximilian Moser
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-02-21)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Nonlocal-to-Local Convergence for a Cahn-Hilliard Tumor Growth Model We consider a local Cahn-Hilliard-type model for tumor growth as well as a nonlocal model where, compared to the local system, the Laplacian in the equation for the chemical potential is replaced by a nonlocal operator. The latter is defined as a convolution integral with suitable kernels parametrized by a small parameter. For sufficiently smooth bounded domains in three dimensions, we prove convergence of weak solutions of the nonlocal model towards strong solutions of the local model together with convergence rates with respect to the small parameter. The proof is done via a Gronwall-type argument and a convergence result with rates for the nonlocal integral operator towards the Laplacian due to Abels, Hurm arXiv:2307.02264. Convergence (economics) ; Growth model ; Cahn–Hilliard equation ; Economics ; Keynesian economics ; Mathematical economics ; Statistical physics ; Mathematics ; Physics ; Macroeconomics ; Mathematical analysis Solidification and crystal growth phenomena ; Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models ; Advanced Mathematical Modeling in Engineering
Authors: Jean-louis Bocquet
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-03-26)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Points defects produced by irradiation: influence of boundary conditions on their biased elimination Most of the sinks able to absorb the point defects created under irradiation exhibit a stronger elastic interaction with the interstitial defect I than with the vacancy defect V. This bias of their elastic interaction (EB) is supposed to automatically determine the concomitant absorption bias (AB) leading to an elimination flux of I always larger than the flux of V. We show in this contribution that the link between the EB and the AB is not as rigid as thought previously. On a model system we can produce situations where this rule is in trouble: a sink which is primarily designed to attract more I than V can however absorb more V than I if it is located in the vicinity of another competing sink with prevalent elastic properties. As a consequence, the imbalance between the I and V fluxes absorbed by a given sink cannot be deduced univocally from its elastic interaction with the two defects because it is heavily influenced by the boundary conditions which are adopted to make the quantitative evaluation. Irradiation ; Boundary (topology) ; Materials science ; Radiochemistry ; Mathematics ; Physics ; Chemistry ; Nuclear physics ; Mathematical analysis Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies ; Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes