jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Nan Jiang | Xin Zhang | Zixian Liu | Haoyang Wan | Mou-Zhang Huang | Qing‐rong Lin | Guanqiao Liu | Peng Chen | Bin Yu
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology (article, 2025-09-23)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

β-tricalcium phosphate/calcium sulfate loaded with contezolid acefosamil (MRX-4) for antimicrobial potency, prevention and killing efficacy of MRSA biofilm MRX-4 combined with gentamicin, delivered via CS and β-TCP/CS carriers, exhibits superior and sustained local antimicrobial efficacy compared to vancomycin, particularly in eradicating MRSA biofilms. Antimicrobial ; Biofilm ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Antibiotics ; Anti-Infective Agents Antimicrobial agents and applications ; Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing ; Orthopedic Infections and Treatments
Authors: Huan Liu | Wangle Zhang | Boya Xu | Dongxuan Cai | Haochen Wang | Xiaofeng Chang | Qin Zhou | Hao Feng | Wen Song | Zhe Li
Source: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology (article, 2025-09-09)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

TiO2 nanotubes guided Pt nanorods growth via atomic layer deposition for mild photothermal antibacterial activity and enhanced fibroblast response The findings from this study suggest that the PtNR@TNT platform offers a promising surface modification strategy for dental implants. It combines robust antibacterial efficacy with favorable soft tissue responses under clinically safe photothermal conditions. The dual biofunctionalities, including enhanced antibacterial performance and improved soft tissue integration, make the PtNR@TNT platform a promising candidate for advancing dental implant technology. Photothermal therapy ; Antibacterial activity ; Nanorod ; Fibroblast ; Atomic layer deposition ; Layer (electronics) ; Atomic force microscopy Advanced Nanomaterials in Catalysis ; Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications ; Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
Authors: Nicholas Nunn | Antonín Marek | Marco D. Torelli | Alex I. Smirnov | Olga Shenderova
Source: Frontiers in Quantum Science and Technology (article, 2025-11-27)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Optimizing ensemble NV− spin properties of fluorescent diamond microparticles by systematic low pressure high temperature annealing Low pressure high temperature annealing is a means for driving nitrogen and defect diffusion in diamond to reduce internal lattice damage without the need for technically complicated high-pressure cells. Herein, we perform a systematic time (5, 15, and 30 min) and temperature (1200 °C–1800 °C) study of effects of low-pressure high temperature annealing on photoluminescence, spin concentrations, and spin relaxation properties of NV centers in ca. 3 μm synthetic type 1b diamond particles. Annealing in the temperature range of ca. 1400 °C–1700 °C for even 5 min leads to a higher optically detected magnetic resonance contrast as compared to standard annealing at 900 °C for 2 h. Particles annealed at 1700 °C for 5 min exhibit a contrast close to about 13% as compared to about 9% for those annealed at 900 °C for 2 h. A reduction in the zero-field splitting strain parameter from E ≈ 4.5 MHz to ≈2.5 MHz and spectral linewidth from <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m1"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>Δ</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ≈ 7 MHz to ≈4 MHz are observed even after 5 min annealing at 1700 °C. Improvements in these spectral parameters resulted in a roughly 2-fold reduction in the noise level of temperature monitoring experiment utilizing an ensemble of NV centers in the particles. Annealing in the temperature range of 1600 °C for 15 or 30 min or 1700 °C for 5 min resulted in NV T 1 relaxation times approaching ca. 5 ms typically observed for bulk diamond. Quantitative electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) allowed for estimations of thermal activation energies of paramagnetic center annihilation. Monitoring the primary defect concentration (P1 and other defects with half integer spins) and utilizing second order kinetic modeling, an activation energy of 3.63 ± 0.28 eV was estimated. Alternatively, using the NV half field EPR signal and first order kinetic modeling, a similar activation energy 3.89 ± 0.29 eV was estimated. Annealing (glass) ; Laser linewidth ; Electron paramagnetic resonance ; Diamond ; Atmospheric temperature range ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Paramagnetism Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; High-pressure geophysics and materials ; CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
Authors: Muhammad Yasir | A. Keith Turner | Sarah Bastkowski | Courtney I. Jarvis | Ryan Sweet | Megan Truong | Ian G. Charles | Mark Webber
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology (article, 2025-10-15)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Prior exposure strongly influences mechanisms underpinning survival of heat shock in Escherichia coli The heat shock response of <i>Escherichia coli</i> represents a canonical example of how bacteria can recognize a stress and invoke a protective response by altering specific gene regulation. However, most understanding of the processes involved arises from experiments where cells have been subjected to immediate heat shock. In this study, we identified the populations of transposon mutants in <i>E. coli</i> BW25113 involved in response to sudden heat shock and stepwise heat stress conditions. We used Transposon-Directed Insertion Site Sequencing with expression (TraDIS-<i>Xpress</i>) to identify genes whose function or expression contributed to survival under 5 different heat conditions. These conditions included direct exposure to 44°C, 47°C, or 50° C referred to as "heat shock" or half an hour exposure at 44°C, followed by exposure to 47°C or 50°C referred to as "stepwise heat stress".A total of 530 genes were identified as contributing to one or more of the heat stress conditions tested, including known heat shock resistance genes. Only 8 genes were common to all 5 conditions, with 4 of these 8 genes being associated with energy generation. The results showed fundamentally different responses between shock and stepwise stress. In heat shock conditions, most genes conferring a fitness benefit contained an increase in insertions (loss of function) as compared to the control (37°C), while in stepwise heat stress, most genes conferring a fitness benefit had fewer insertions (representing protection of function) as compared to the control. Cell envelope genes involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis (<i>lpxM, lptC</i>), the Tol-Pal system (<i>tolABQR-pal</i>), and outer membrane biogenesis (BAM complex) were detrimental during heat shock but essential for stepwise adaptation, while regulatory genes <i>relA</i> (stringent response) and the <i>rsx</i> operon (redox regulation) were specifically required for stepwise heat stress response.Prior exposure to sub-lethal heat stress dramatically alters the genetic landscape for survival, allowing energy-intensive adaptive responses rather than the cellular simplification strategies required during immediate heat shock. This work shows that stress responses are dependent on stepwise heat exposure whilst providing significant new information about the sudden heat shock. Heat shock ; Heat shock protein ; Gene ; Transposable element ; Escherichia coli ; HSF1 ; Shock (circulatory) ; Heat shock factor ; Biogenesis thermodynamics and calorimetric analyses ; Escherichia coli research studies ; Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
Authors: Natthakarn Juangjai | Chatchapat Chaiaiad | Jatuporn Thongsri
Source: Clean Technologies (article, 2025-10-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Effect of Detergent, Temperature, and Solution Flow Rate on Ultrasonic Cleaning: A Case Study in the Jewelry Manufacturing Process This research investigated how detergent type and concentration, solution temperature, and flow rate affect ultrasonic cleaning efficiency in jewelry manufacturing. A silver bracelet without gemstones served as the test sample, and the study combined harmonic response analysis to assess acoustic pressure distribution with computational fluid dynamics to examine fluid flow patterns inside an ultrasonic cleaning machine. Cleaning tests were performed under real factory conditions to verify the simulations. Results showed that cleaning efficiency depends on the combined chemical and ultrasonic effects. Adding detergent lowered surface tension, encouraging cavitation bubble formation; higher temperatures (up to 60 °C) softened dirt, making removal easier; and moderate solution flow improved the cleaning, helping to carry dirt away from jewelry surfaces. Too much flow, however, decreased cavitation activity. The highest cleaning efficiency (93.890%) was achieved with 3% U-type detergent at 60 °C and a flow rate of 5 L/min, while pure water at room temperature (30 °C) without flow had the lowest efficiency (0.815%), confirmed by weighing and scanning electron microscope measurements. Interestingly, maximum ultrasonic power concentration did not always match the highest cleaning efficiency. The study supports sustainable practices by limiting detergent use to 3%, in line with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure). Ultrasonic sensor ; Volumetric flow rate ; Cavitation ; Flow (mathematics) ; Bubble ; Process (computing) ; Scanning electron microscope Ultrasound and Cavitation Phenomena ; Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics
Authors: Saketh Kumar Vishwakarma
Source: Journal of Information Systems Engineering & Management (article, 2025-05-18)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Procurement Challenges Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) has risen as a key saving grace for the airline industry to mitigate emissions and help achieve its sustainability goals. However, although SAF has several environmental values, the procurement of SAF on a large-scale encounter various challenge. Such challenges are high production costs, scarce feeder stock, technical matters, supply chain issues, and regulatory aspects. SAF production calls for a large amount of investment funds to be spent on infrastructure, technologies of research and development, and the cutting-edge refining technologies, which at the moment preclude the application of the product on a large scale and render the product prohibitively expensive if compared to the conventional jet fuel. Moreover, the fragmented environment of the regulatory landscape in different regions increases uncertainties in long-term procurement agreements and obstructs the regulatory Climate for SAF at the global level. Nevertheless, there are possible ways to meet these challenges. More synergies among governments, airlines, fuel manufacturers, and technology providers, coupled with rewards and policy advocates, can bring about this change. Also core to meeting these procurement challenges are improved production technologies, scaling up of SAF production facilities, and standardization of certification processes. With these challenges, the future of SAF procurement is looking bright, with possibilities of lower cost and greater availability as technology advances and regulations consider sustainable aviation practices more favorable. This paper identifies the key issues in SAF procurement, offers solutions to these barriers, and makes room for a sustainable and economically viable future for aviation fuel. Procurement ; Aviation ; Aeronautics ; Business ; Engineering ; Aerospace engineering Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies
Authors: E. Anusuya | T. Pandiarajan | M. Balakrishnan | K Gurusamy | U Nidoni | A. Eswari
Source: Plant Science Today (article, 2025-10-03)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Characterization of thermophysical properties of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Sorghum (S. bicolor (L.) Moench) is a significant cereal crop globally, renowned for its nutritional value, drought resistance and versatile applications in food, feed and industrial products. In this study, thermal properties of sorghum were investigated using DSC and Line Heat Source method. Thermal analysis via DSC revealed distinct phase transitions, with the glass transition temperature observed at 70 °C and gelatinization phenomena occurring within the temperature range of 69.5 - 83.3 °C, exhibiting a characteristic endothermic peak at 77 °C. The specific heat capacity was quantified in the range 1.3298 - 1.4522 kJ/kg°C with increasing moisture content and enthalpy was computed as 10.2 kJ/kg. Examination of thermal conductivity as a function of moisture content demonstrated a systematic increase in conductivity values, yielding measurements of 0.094, 0.132, 0.156, 0.189, 0.221, 0.252 W/m°C corresponding to moisture contents of 10, 12, 14,16,18 and 20 % (wet basis) (w.b.) respectively. While thermal diffusivity values ranged from 1.52 x 10-4 to 9.61 x 10-5 m2/s. The implementation of DSC methodology facilitated precise characterization of phase transitions and thermal behaviour, generating critical data for various thermal processing operations. These findings constitute significant contributions to the theoretical framework necessary for enhancing process optimization and product quality in sorghum-based applications. Differential scanning calorimetry ; Thermal diffusivity ; Thermal conductivity ; Endothermic process ; Water content ; Heat capacity ; Moisture ; Enthalpy ; Glass transition thermodynamics and calorimetric analyses ; Crop Yield and Soil Fertility ; Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
Authors: Muhammad Attique Khan | Ali Zulqarnain | Muhammad Wasif | Rabiya Siddiqui
Source: Journal of Design and Textiles (article, 2025-11-18)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Improvement of Sigma level in a Finishing Department of Home Textile Unit Industry The research is done on the finishing department of home textile unit, the purpose is to reduce the defects which were encountering during the finishing process, 3M is used in which man, machine and material are included has been reviewed and Root cause Analysis is done to archive better sigma level. Finishing department is serving for bleach, dyed &amp; printed fabric, more chances of defects to be rise in Finishing side as for dying &amp; printing, the fabric is repeated twice or thrice depending upon the print or dyed quality and parameters requirement, the sigma level before improvement was 3.31, after successful implementation of improvement and defects minimization sigma level of Finishing department was improved to 3.71 (13500 Defects per day). Thus, with the of Six sigma tools the production losses would take into control and significant amount of labor cost, time and utilities (Steam, compressed air, water and Power) would also take into control. Six Sigma ; Textile ; Production (economics) ; Control (management) ; Quality (philosophy) ; DMAIC Textile materials and evaluations ; Material Selection and Properties ; Soil Science and Environmental Management
Authors: Safrizal Rahman | Mohammad A Rivai | Dasrul Dasrul | Onarisa Ayu
Source: PubMed (article, 2025-04-01)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Effect of hemp seed oil on accelerating wound healing: Evaluation of wound size reduction, epithelialization, granulation tissue formation, and vascularization in murine models. Essential oils have gained interest in wound management, with prior studies exploring combinations of hemp seed oil <i>(Cannabis sativa)</i> and other oils. However, single-oil strategies may offer simpler formulation, reducing the risk of interactions while preserving therapeutic benefits. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of hemp seed oil on accelerating wound healing, focusing on wound size reduction, epithelialization, granulation tissue formation, and vascularization in murine models. An in vivo with a post-test-only control group was conducted using 36 male <i>Mus musculus</i> mice (3-4 months, 150-250 grams) which were divided into three groups: negative control (NC), positive control (PC, treated with chloramphenicol ointment twice daily), and treatment group (TG, treated with hemp seed oil 400,000 mg/mL twice daily). Mice were euthanized on day 3, 7, 14, and 21 for wound healing assessment, including macroscopic evaluation (visual observation, wound size, and wound healing rate) and microscopic evaluation (epithelialization, granulation tissue formation, and vascularization). The present study found that the TG group demonstrated smaller wound sizes on day 14 (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and day 21 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). This group also enhanced wound healing rates observed on day 14 (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and day 21 (<i>p</i> = 0.001) compared to PC and NC groups. Epithelialization was significantly higher in the TG group compared to PC and NC groups on day 14 (<i>p</i> = 0.007), while granulation tissue formation showed significant improvement on day 3 (<i>p</i> = 0.045), day 14 (<i>p</i> = 0.028), and day 21 (<i>p</i> = 0.003). Additionally, TG group showed significantly greater new blood vessel formation on day 21 (<i>p</i> = 0.001) compared to the PC and NC groups. In conclusion, hemp seed oil demonstrated significant potential in accelerating wound healing processes suggesting a superior effect compared to chloramphenicol ointment. Therefore, hemp seed oil may serve as a promising natural and cost-effective adjunct for wound management. Granulation tissue ; Wound healing ; Reduction (mathematics) ; Medicine ; Biomedical engineering ; Surgery ; Mathematics Coconut Research and Applications ; Date Palm Research Studies
Authors: Yuki Uemichi | Seina Yasuda | Miyuki Mabuchi | S Nakao | Shuji Nagano | Tadashi Shimizu
Source: Anticancer Research (article, 2025-06-27)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Effects of Azelastine on Glioblastoma Cells AZL inhibits glioblastoma cell growth primarily through G<sub>1</sub> arrest and cytoskeletal remodeling, with minimal contribution from classical cell death pathways. Its ability to enhance TMZ and DOX efficacy, coupled with favorable BBB permeability and low toxicity, supports its potential as a repositioned therapeutic for glioblastoma, both as a monotherapy and as an adjuvant to overcome TMZ resistance. Azelastine ; Glioblastoma ; Cancer research ; Medicine ; Pharmacology Synthesis and biological activity ; ATP Synthase and ATPases Research ; S100 Proteins and Annexins
Authors: Yunqing Li | Marina S. Dietz | Hans‐Dieter Barth | Hartmut H. Niemann | Mike Heilemann
Source: Small (article, 2025-12-19)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Single‐Molecule FRET‐Tracking of InlB‐Activated MET Receptors in Living Cells The activation of transmembrane receptors through the binding of external ligands initiates information transfer across the cell membrane. Understanding these processes requires observations in living cells. Given the heterogeneity and lack of synchronization of such events, single-molecule experiments are required to resolve distinct sub-populations. Here, single-molecule FRET microscopy and single-particle tracking are combined to track the ligand-induced dimerization and activation of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase in the plasma membrane of living cells. First, using fluorophore-labeled variants of the MET ligand internalin B (InlB), the lifetime of a ligand-activated dimeric (MET:InlB)<sub>2</sub> receptor complex is determined to be ≈1 s. Next, diffusion coefficients of monomeric and dimeric MET:InlB complexes are extracted from single-molecule FRET trajectories, revealing an ≈1.6-fold slower diffusion of the dimeric receptor compared to the monomeric receptor, accompanied by spatially confined motion. The combination of single-molecule FRET and single-particle tracking provides essential biophysical parameters of membrane receptor activation in living cells. Förster resonance energy transfer ; Receptor ; Receptor tyrosine kinase ; Endocytosis ; Transmembrane protein ; Membrane ; Cell membrane ; Ligand (biochemistry) ; HEK 293 cells Molecular Sensors and Ion Detection ; Melanoma and MAPK Pathways ; Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
Authors: Safaa Sabri | Chaima Sabri | Mohamed Rida Salam | Fatiha El Mellouli | Asmaa Lafram | Hanane Khallouki | Yaye Abdou Hassane | Mostafa Kabine
Source: World s Veterinary Journal (article, 2025-12-25)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Essential and Toxic Element Profiles in Selected Spices from Greater Casablanca, Morocco In Morocco, spices are an integral part of daily cuisine and serve as a vector of both nutritional and toxicological exposure. Monitoring elemental composition is essential to ensure consumer safety, animal health when used as feed additives, and compliance with international standards. The present study aimed to determine the concentrations of essential (potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and iron) and toxic (lead, cadmium, arsenic, chromium, and nickel) elements in commonly consumed spices in Morocco, including cinnamon, cumin, ginger, black pepper, and turmeric. A total of 162 spice samples were obtained from markets in the Greater Casablanca, Morocco. Five essential elements, including potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and iron, and five toxic trace metals, including lead, cadmium, arsenic, chromium, and nickel, were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after microwave-assisted digestion. Cumin indicated the highest levels of magnesium (6.86 ± 1.61 g/kg), sodium (3.98 ± 1.59 g/kg), calcium (11.13 ± 4.53 g/kg), and iron (753.71 ± 446.07 mg/kg). Turmeric had the highest levels of potassium (25.96 ± 13.51 g/kg). Cinnamon had elevated levels of lead (2.05 mg/kg) and cadmium (0.29 mg/kg), exceeding Moroccan and European regulatory limits. Additionally, cumin indicated the highest levels of arsenic (0.45 ± 0.30 mg/kg) and nickel (4.18 ± 2.85 mg/kg) compared to other spices. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed distinct elemental patterns. The first component (PC1), driven by magnesium and sodium, clearly separated cumin due to its high macronutrient content. The second component (PC2), influenced by cadmium and lead, isolated cinnamon because of its toxic metal burden. The PC1 and PC2 accounted for 64.6% of the total variance. Turmeric and ginger formed a close cluster in the PCA plot, associated with higher levels of potassium, calcium, and nickel. Black pepper was positioned between these groups, reflecting intermediate composition. Pearson correlation analysis supported these findings, with a strong correlation between lead and cadmium, suggesting a shared contamination source. These results emphasized the nutritional and toxicological roles of spices in Moroccan diets. Regular monitoring is essential to protect public health in both animals and humans. Keywords: Food safety, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Spices, Toxic metal Cadmium ; Arsenic ; Magnesium ; Potassium ; Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ; Sodium ; Calcium Heavy Metals in Plants ; Heavy metals in environment ; Sodium Intake and Health