jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Reny Syahruni | Abdul Halim Umar | Lois Christfani Matasik
Source: Jurnal Agritech (article, 2024-11-21)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Fingerprint Metabolite of Miana (Coleus sp.) Leaf Infusion and Juice: Authentication Based on FTIR Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis Miana (Coleus sp.) is a plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family and has been widely used in traditional medicine. Despite the potential of the plant, the quality and quantity of chemical components that can be extracted are dependent on various factors, such as varieties and extraction techniques. Therefore, this study aimed to discriminate miana based on varieties and extraction techniques as well as identify its marker functional groups. The 4 different leaf varieties of the plant, including purple, green, batik, and color combination were extracted using the infusion method, both with and without the addition of water. FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) fingerprint metabolite of each extract was then analyzed with IRPal 2.0 software for functional group interpretation and multivariate data analysis (PCA and PLS-DA) using MetaboAnalyst 5.0. The results showed that the chromatogram profile of all varieties and extraction techniques had similar patterns. The PCA (principal component analysis) score plot yielded a total PC value of 98.5%, which could effectively discriminate the samples. In addition, the O–H group’s VIP score value (greater than 1) was a significant functional group that characterized the samples. Based on these results, the combination of FTIR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis could be used to discriminate miana based on varieties and extraction techniques, as well as identify functional groups serving as marker. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; Fingerprint (computing) ; Extraction (chemistry) ; Principal component analysis ; Multivariate statistics ; Multivariate analysis ; Chromatography ; Mathematics ; Metabolite ; Chemistry ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer science ; Statistics ; Biochemistry ; Physics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity ; Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Musaver A. Musayev | Aynura A. Hadiyeva
Source: PPOR (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Electret properties of polypropylene-nanoclay (PP+NC) nanocomposites High-quality electret materials can be obtained by get in high-dispersion additives into polymers.New structural elements are created in the obtained composite materials and these elements act as traps for charge carriers.Additives into polymers affect the packing of structural elements and the formation of new crystal centers by changing the nature of the supramolecular structure, and cause the appearance of carbonyl, carboxyl, peroxide and hydroperoxide groups at the border separating the additive and the matrix.The electret properties of polypropylene and nanoclay nanocomposites with different percentages of nanoclay were studied at different temperatures and polarization voltages.It was determined that in the structure of polypropylenenanoclay nanocomposites, nanoclay particles can be assembled together in separate parts of the matrix.These aggregated particles -clusters are irregularly distributed in the polymer matrix, and the number of clusters can increase as the volume content of nanoclay increases.Therefore, polypropylene+10.0%nanoclay nanocomposite has high electret stability.The improvement of the electret properties at 10% of the additive can occur due to the orientation of macromolecules under the influence of electric field and temperature, disruption and regrouping of the supermolecular structure, and structures between spherulites.It is assumed that in this type of polarization, many defects can be formed, which act as deep traps for charge stabilization and collection Electret ; Polypropylene ; Nanocomposite ; Materials science ; Composite material ; Polymer science High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Polymer Nanocomposite Synthesis and Irradiation ; Dielectric materials and actuators
Authors: Liwen Zhang | Gan Chen | Yating Hao | Yan Peng
Source: Photonics (article, 2024-08-07)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

The Rapid Detection of Paclitaxel-Induced Changes in Cervical Cancer Cells Using an Ultrasensitive Biosensor Background: Paclitaxel is a widely used cancer treatment drug that has a significant inhibitory effect on cervical cancer cells (HeLa cells). This study aims to investigate the effects of paclitaxel on HeLa cells and evaluate the application of terahertz (THz) spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors in this process. Methods: We utilized an SPR biosensor in conjunction with THz spectroscopy to measure the terahertz absorbance spectra of HeLa cells exposed to various concentrations of paclitaxel. The minimum number of cells used for detection was 15.25 × 105. At the same time, cell proliferation levels were assessed through proliferation assays and compared with the terahertz spectroscopy data. Results: The experimental results indicated that with the increasing concentration of paclitaxel, the terahertz absorbance spectra of HeLa cells exhibited a blue shift, and cell proliferation was significantly inhibited. The results of the proliferation assays were consistent with the terahertz spectroscopy data, validating the effectiveness of this method. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the combination of THz spectroscopy and SPR biosensors is a promising technology that can provide a simple, rapid, and low-cost method for studying chemistry–biology relationships, especially in the field of drug evaluation. HeLa ; Terahertz radiation ; Biosensor ; Absorbance ; Terahertz spectroscopy and technology ; Paclitaxel ; Materials science ; Spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Nanotechnology ; Cell ; Optoelectronics ; Cancer ; Medicine ; Chromatography ; Biochemistry ; Physics thermodynamics and calorimetric analyses ; Advanced Biosensing Techniques and Applications ; Terahertz technology and applications
Authors: Jaume Calvo‐de la Rosa | Marc Vazquez-Aige | Paula Pérez | Laura Medina | Pilar Marín | J.M. López-Villegas | J. Tejada
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-07-08)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Experimental radar absorption in high-filling factor magnetic composites The electromagnetic properties and microwave absorption capabilities are studied in an anechoic chamber under real radar conditions for mono and bilayer composite samples consisting of a polymeric matrix and a magnetic powder filler, either metallic or ceramic. The effect of the filler type and the filling factor is investigated. The results demonstrate exceptional broadband microwave absorption, making these materials highly suitable for stealth technology applications. The experimentally measured absorptions reach -40 dB, while model-based predictions suggest that these systems could overpass the barrier of -50 dB. The experimental results are supported by models, both for single and bilayer systems. Broadband ; Materials science ; Composite material ; Radar ; Absorption (acoustics) ; Optics ; Telecommunications ; Physics ; Computer science Electromagnetic wave absorption materials
Authors: Yingying Wu | Zdeněk Sofer | Wei Wang
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-06-19)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Room-temperature Ferroelectric Control of 2D Layered Magnetism Electrical tuning of magnetism is crucial for developing fast, compact, ultra-low power electronic devices. Multiferroics offer significant potential due to their ability to control magnetic via an electric field through magnetoelectric coupling, especially in layered ferroelectric/ferromagnet heterostructures. A key challenge is achieving reversible and stable switching between distinct magnetic states using a voltage control. In this work, we present ferroelectric tuning of room-temperature magnetism in a 2D layered ferromagnet. The energy-efficient control consumes less than 1 fJ per operation which is normally in the order of several aJ, resulting in a ~43% change in magnetization. This tunable multiferroic interface and associated devices provide promising opportunities for next-generation reconfigurable communication systems, spintronics, sensors and memories. Magnetism ; Ferroelectricity ; Materials science ; Condensed matter physics ; Physics ; Optoelectronics Multiferroics and related materials ; Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials
Authors: Giovanni Bertoni | Amir H. Tavabi | Paolo Rosi | Enzo Rotunno | Luca Belsito | Alberto Roncaglia | Stefano Frabboni | Ebrahim Karimi | Peter Tiemeijer | Rafal E. Dunin–Borkowski | Vincenzo Grillo | Gian Carlo Gazzadi
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2024-07-05)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

First demonstration of angular-momentum-resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy Electron energy loss spectroscopy ; Angular momentum ; Electron ; Spectroscopy ; Physics ; Atomic physics ; Nuclear physics ; Astronomy ; Quantum mechanics Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques ; Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications ; Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Authors: Abderrahmane Ayadi
Source: SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository (review, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF BIO-INSPIRED SURFACE TRANSFER TECHNOLOGIES IN MECHANICAL METAMATERIALS FOR TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS International audience Metamaterial ; Nanotechnology ; Computer science ; Materials science ; Surface (topology) ; Systems engineering ; Aerospace engineering ; Engineering physics ; Engineering ; Optoelectronics Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications ; Advanced Materials and Mechanics ; Silk-based biomaterials and applications
Authors: Yuexing Hao | Tiancheng Yuan | Yuting Yang | Aarushi Gupta | Matthias Wieland | Ken Birman | Parminder S. Basran
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-12-22)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

AI-Based Teat Shape and Skin Condition Prediction for Dairy Management Dairy owners spend significant effort to keep their animals healthy. There is good reason to hope that technologies such as computer vision and artificial intelligence (AI) could reduce these costs, yet obstacles arise when adapting advanced tools to farming environments. In this work, we adapt AI tools to dairy cow teat localization, teat shape, and teat skin condition classifications. We also curate a data collection and analysis methodology for a Machine Learning (ML) pipeline. The resulting teat shape prediction model achieves a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 0.783, and the teat skin condition model achieves a mean average precision of 0.828. Our work leverages existing ML vision models to facilitate the individualized identification of teat health and skin conditions, applying AI to the dairy management industry. Computer science Textile materials and evaluations
Authors: Liang Luo | George K. Stylios
Source: Sensors (article, 2024-01-09)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

A Novel Multidimensional Tensile, Shear, and Buckling Sensor for the Measurement of Flexible Fibrous Materials To meet the complex and diverse demands for low-stress mechanical measurements of fabrics and other flexible materials, two integrated multidimensional force sensors with the same structure but different ranges were explored. They can support both rapid and precise low-noise, high-precision, low-cost, easy-to-use, reliable, and intelligent solutions for the complex measurement of fabric mechanics. Having analysed the mechanical relationship of the parallel beam theory, and considering the specific requirements of fabric measurement, a novel multi-dimensional force sensor is designed, capable of measuring tensile, shear, and buckling properties. Finite element analysis is used to simulate the mechanical performance of this sensor for fabric-loading/unloading measurement, and the sensitivity of the mechanical quantity transfer, the amount of sensor deformation, the stress distribution, and the degree of inter-dimensional coupling have been investigated and verified. The basis for subsequent digital processing is achieved by a low-offset, low-temperature-drift, low-power-consumption analogue front end, 24-bit ADC circuit, and signal conditioning electronics, suitable for the measurement of fabric mechanics under low stress, which is like the end-user requirements. The sensor information channel is supported by a host microcontroller with a DSP and a floating-point processing instruction set. Information processing is performed in time-sharing with the support of a multitasking real-time operating system. The purpose of designing this sensor is to facilitate the development of a new testing instrument, which will adopt the advances of current instruments whilst eliminating their shortcomings. Timoshenko beam theory ; Microcontroller ; Digital signal processing ; Finite element method ; Computer science ; Mechanical engineering ; Engineering ; Electronic engineering ; Structural engineering ; Electrical engineering Textile materials and evaluations ; Optical measurement and interference techniques ; Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection
Authors: Marawan Mohammed Hamid | Muntadher J. Taher | Hassan Ali Abbas
Source: Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology (review, 2024-10-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Effect of utilising of sugarcane bagasse fibers on mechanical properties of composite materials ـــ a review Natural fibers are frequently employed in the engineering of building materials. However, the highly beneficial nature of using sugarcane fiber waste imbedded with concrete as a construction material may enhance the ductility and crack control of brittle concrete. This review summarized the effect of using sugarcane bagasse fibers in a several of concrete types and illustrated the significant leverage on the mechanical properties of concrete. Because of its biodegradable features and chemical components, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) has prompted a lot of attention as a promising and flexible component in composite materials. Material researchers have been motivated to develop "green" materials with low pollutant indices by the desire to discover low-cost strategies to lessen environmental effect. The three categories of sugarcane byproducts discovered and categorized were bagasse fiber, bagasse sand, and bagasse ash. Bagasse ; Composite number ; Materials science ; Composite material ; Pulp and paper industry ; Engineering Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Mechanical Engineering and Vibrations Research ; Material Properties and Processing
Authors: Jennifer L. Bonetti | Ruben F. Kranenburg | Stephen Hokanson | Matthew Pothier | Saer Samanipour | Arian van Asten
Source: Forensic Chemistry (article, 2024-11-14)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Improved differentiation of NPS analogs through the application of chemometric methods to GC-solid deposition-FTIR spectra • Selected cathinone analogues produce visually similar GC-IR spectra which are not easily distinguishable. • Typical library matching methods struggle to handle differences in instrument and sample preparation. • The use of shared GC-IR libraries may be discouraged for similar compounds. • Chemometric methods may provide a more robust and objective alternative for visually similar spectra. Novel psychoactive substances pose a significant analytical challenge for forensic laboratories. Gas Chromatography with Infrared Spectroscopy (GC-IR) is typically presented as producing visually distinct spectra. However, this is not the case for all compounds. In this study, we showcase three synthetic cathinone analogs (methylone, N-ethylpentylone, and pentylone) which produce extremely visually similar solid state IR spectra. A primary dataset of these analogs was generated at the Amsterdam Police Laboratory. Libraries were created using two different sample preparation methods. The same compounds were also analyzed at the Virginia Department of Forensic Science (DFS). It was observed that changes in either instrument or sample preparation were enough to pose challenges to both the visual assessment and a library matching algorithm. Additionally, week-to-week variation was observed within the primary dataset. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in combination with mahalanobis distances for objective comparison was assessed. A leave-one-sample-out cross validation accurately identified 100% of the samples in the primary dataset. This study shows how the application of chemometrics to spectral GC-IR data can substantiate the instrument’s differentiation capabilities and provide valuable objective support for a compound identification. In addition, limitations in the consistency of GC-IR spectra over time and across instruments and sample preparation methods were observed which could affect how the forensic community utilizes these techniques. Specifically, this study shows that shared GC-IR libraries might pose selectivity limitations. Therefore, laboratories must exercise caution if shared/generic GC-IR libraries are utilized for casework, and it is recommended that instrument and solvent specific libraries are generated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; Deposition (geology) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry ; Mass spectrometry ; Chromatography ; Chemical engineering ; Biology Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Ion-surface interactions and analysis ; Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
Authors: Peng Cheng | Sougata Mardanya | Alexander N. Petsch | Vijay K. Sharma | Shuyi Li | Chunjing Jia | Arun Bansil | Sugata Chowdhury | Joshua J. Turner
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-03-14)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Kitaev physics in the two-dimensional magnet NiPSe$_3$ The Kitaev interaction, found in candidate materials such as $α$-RuCl$_3$, occurs through the metal ($M$)-ligand ($X$)-metal ($M$) paths of the edge-sharing octahedra because the large spin-orbit coupling (SOC) on the metal atoms activates directional spin interactions. Here, we show that even in $3d$ transition-metal compounds, where the SOC of the metal atom is negligible, heavy ligands can induce bond-dependent Kitaev interactions. In this work, we take as an example the $3d$ transition-metal chalcogenophosphate NiPSe$_3$ and show that the key is found in the presence of a sizable SOC on the Se $p$ orbital, one which mediates the super-exchange between the nearest-neighbor Ni sites. Our study provides a pathway for engineering enhanced Kitaev interactions through the interplay of SOC strength, lattice distortions, and chemical substitutions. Magnet ; Physics ; Theoretical physics ; Nuclear physics ; Quantum mechanics Iron-based superconductors research ; 2D Materials and Applications ; Advanced Condensed Matter Physics
Authors: Stefan Kuvendžiev | Martin Stojchevski | Martina Andreevska | Violeta Lukanovska | Mirko Marinkovski | Kiril Lisichkov
Source: Quality of Life (Banja Luka) - APEIRON (article, 2024-05-03)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Modeling of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Lycopene from Tomato Peels Dry tomato peels were investigated as a natural source of lycopene in this study. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was used for the isolation of bioactive compound of interest. The MAE was performed at a microwave power of 120, 230, and 385 W for a duration of 2, 5, 8, and 10 min. The concentration of lycopene in the separated extract with n-hexane was quantified by UV/Vis spectrophotometer. The absorbance at 501 nm was selected for the determination of lycopene content and the calculation of lycopene yield (mg/100 g). An adequate feedforward artificial neural network (ANN) model with architecture 2-10-1, trained by the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) backpropagation algorithm was developed for modeling the MAE process and for the prediction of the lycopene yield. The model predicted lycopene yield with a high coefficient of determination R2=0.9957 and low mean squared error MSE=0.475. The response surface methodology (RSM) was successfully applied and combined with the ANN model to optimize the MAE process with R2=0.9477 and a low mean absolute error MAE=1.84507. The analysis of variance showed that extraction time and time-squared have statistically significant effects on the lycopene yield. The created 3D response surface showed that the optimum lycopene yield was 27.25 mg/100g of tomato peels at the microwave power of 324 W and extraction time of 8.6 min. Lycopene ; Extraction (chemistry) ; Microwave ; Chemistry ; Chromatography ; Food science ; Computer science ; Carotenoid ; Telecommunications Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
Authors: Łukasz Doliński | Arkadiusz Żak | Wiktor Waszkowiak | Paweł Kowalski | Jacek Szkopek
Source: Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics/Mechanika Teoretyczna i Stosowana (article, 2024-09-04)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

The use of a genetic algorithm in the process of optimizing the shape of a three-dimensional periodic beam Process (computing) ; Algorithm ; Genetic algorithm ; Beam (structure) ; Computer science ; Physics ; Optics ; Machine learning Material Properties and Applications ; Topology Optimization in Engineering ; Optical measurement and interference techniques
Authors: Adam Denchfield | Hyeondeok Shin | Panchapakesan Ganesh | Russell J. Hemley | Hyowon Park
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-10-04)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Correlation Effects on Coupled Electronic and Structural Properties of Doped Rare-Earth Trihydrides Rare-earth trihydrides ($R$H$_3$) exhibit intriguing coupled electronic and structural properties as a function of doping, hydrogen vacancies, and thermodynamic conditions. Theoretical studies of these materials typically rely on density functional theory (DFT), including the use of small supercells that may underestimate strong correlation effects and structural distortions which in turn may influence their metallicity. Here, we elucidate the roles of lattice distortions and correlation effects on the electronic properties of pristine and doped $R$H$_3$ by adopting DFT+U and Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods. Linear-response constrained DFT (LR-cDFT) methods find Hubbard U $\approx 2$ eV for $R_d$ orbitals and U$\approx 6$ eV for H$_s$/N$_p$ orbitals. The small U on Lu$_d$ orbitals is consistent with QMC calculations on LuH$_3$ and LuH$_{2.875}$N$_{0.125}$. In pure face-centered-cubic (FCC) $R$H$_3$ ($R$=Lu,Y), neither DFT nor DFT+U with the self-consistently determined U is enough to create a band gap, however a supercell with hydrogen distortions creates a small gap whose magnitude increases when performing DFT+U with self-consistently determined U values. Correlation effects, in turn, have a moderate influence on the coupled structural and electronic properties of doped RH$_3$ compounds and may be important when considering the competition between structural distortions and superconductivity. Rare earth ; Doping ; Earth (classical element) ; Materials science ; Correlation ; Condensed matter physics ; Chemical physics ; Physics ; Mathematics ; Geometry ; Metallurgy ; Mathematical physics Hydrogen Storage and Materials ; Rare-earth and actinide compounds ; Inorganic Chemistry and Materials
Authors: В.В. Ионин | В.А. Михалевский | А.А. Бурцев | А.В. Киселев | А.А. Невзоров | Н.Н. Елисеев | А.А. Лотин
Source: Physical and Chemical Aspects of the Study of Clusters Nanostructures and Nanomaterials (article, 2024-12-15)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Моделирование распространения излучения в фотонной интегральной схеме на основе полимерного волновода и наночастиц фазоизменяемого материала : SU-8 Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST)., . , ( ) , , . , ( ). - . Medicine Phase-change materials and chalcogenides ; Optical and Acousto-Optic Technologies ; Material Science and Thermodynamics