jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: I. YUNIKA
Source: International Journal of Prevention Practice and Research (article, 2023-07-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

FORMULA OPTIMIZATION OF FEMININE LIQUID SOAP The formulation and optimization of feminine liquid soap represent a critical endeavor in the realm of personal care product development. This study explores the multifaceted aspects of designing an effective and appealing liquid soap tailored specifically for feminine hygiene. The research encompasses a comprehensive investigation into the selection and optimization of key ingredients, with a focus on achieving optimal cleansing efficacy while maintaining skin-friendly attributes. Fundamental to this optimization process is the delicate balance between pH levels, skin moisturization, and the incorporation of active ingredients that contribute to feminine hygiene. Methodologies involving experimental design and statistical analysis are employed to systematically optimize the formula, taking into account sensory attributes, stability, and microbial safety. The study aims to not only enhance the product's functional performance but also to address consumer preferences and market trends. The findings of this research contribute to the advancement of formulation science in the context of feminine liquid soap, offering insights that can be leveraged by personal care product developers and manufacturers to create products that align with the diverse needs of modern consumers. SOAP ; Skin care ; Context (archaeology) ; Product (mathematics) ; Process (computing) ; Computer science ; Management science ; Marketing ; Biochemical engineering ; Risk analysis (engineering) ; Business ; Engineering ; Medicine ; Mathematics Textile materials and evaluations
Authors: Xiaohan Wan | Siddhartha Sarkar | Kai Sun | Shi‐Zeng Lin
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-02-14)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Nearly flat Chern band in periodically strained monolayer and bilayer graphene The flat band is a key ingredient for the realization of interesting quantum states for novel functionalities. In this work, we investigate the conditions for the flat band in both monolayer and bilayer graphene under periodic strain. We find topological nearly flat bands with homogeneous distribution of Berry curvature in both systems. The quantum metric of the nearly flat band closely resembles that for Landau levels. For monolayer graphene, the strain field can be regarded as an effective gauge field, while for Bernal-stacked (AB-stacked) bilayer graphene, its role is beyond the description of gauge field. We also provide an understanding of the origin of the nearly flat band in monolayer graphene in terms of the Jackiw-Rebbi model for Dirac fermions with sign-changing mass. Our work suggests strained graphene as a promising platform for strongly correlated quantum states. Bilayer graphene ; Monolayer ; Berry connection and curvature ; Graphene ; Condensed matter physics ; Dirac fermion ; Physics ; Band gap ; Dirac (video compression format) ; Materials science ; Bilayer ; Valleytronics ; Quantum mechanics ; Nanotechnology ; Chemistry ; Geometric phase ; Membrane Graphene research and applications ; Topological Materials and Phenomena ; Mechanical and Optical Resonators
Authors: Seamus R. Morrone | Michael R. Hoopmann | David Shteynberg | Ulrike Kusebauch | Robert L. Moritz
Source: ChemRxiv (preprint, 2023-02-10)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Optimization of Instrument Parameters for Efficient Phosphopeptide Identification and Localization by Data-dependent Analysis Using Orbitrap Tribrid Mass Spectrometers The analysis of protein phosphorylation site identification by mass spectrometry-based methods continues to improve with increased efficiency at multiple points of the pipeline including affinity isolation, sample handling with automated protein digestion and phosphopeptide extraction routines, and more sensitive phosphopeptide detection capabilities. The role mass spectrometry parameters play in the quantity and quality of results is understudied, with some reports presenting improvements without sufficient details of how these parameters were derived, nor how they were fully optimized. Here, we systematically scrutinize and optimize parameters of two Orbitrap Tribrid mass spectrometers by varying instrument parameters at both the MS1 and MS2 levels using Titanium IMAC-enriched phosphopeptide samples to illustrate how the recovery of phosphopeptides, and the confidence of phosphosite localizations, vary accordingly. These optimized values are then used to compare different IMAC beads for phosphopeptide-enrichment, and optimal bead combinations used to further improve phosphopeptide detection. These results have implications for planning detailed phosphoprotein identification and quantitation experiments to provide confidence in detection, site localization and reproducibility. Phosphopeptide ; Mass spectrometry ; Orbitrap ; Chromatography ; Phosphoprotein ; Chemistry ; Computer science ; Phosphorylation ; Biochemistry Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Identification and Quantification in Food
Authors: Quyouyang Gao | Yuquan Zheng | Long Wang | Chengliang Li | Jialun Zhang | Hao Wu | Yanxue Han | Shuo Wang
Source: Photonics (article, 2023-12-30)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Designing a Long Optical Path Direct-Injection-Integrated Cavity for Laser Absorption Spectroscopy Trace gas measurement has a wide range of applications needed in industrial, medical, and environmental protection. With the evolution of time, the demand for real-time, sensitivity, and accuracy of gas detection has been increasingly heightened. Off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) is an effective method for the high-sensitivity detection of trace gases. It uses an integrated cavity with two highly reflective mirrors to provide a long optical path, which guarantees its high sensitivity. However, as the reflectivity of the mirrors increases, the intensity of the output light decreases, and the signal-to-noise ratio decreases. This contradiction makes it difficult to achieve a long optical path and a high signal-to-noise ratio together. To combat this issue, this paper proposes a type of integrated cavity using a direct-injection method. This structure, under equivalent mirror conditions, can maintain an effective absorption optical path very close to the original off-axis integrated cavity while increasing the output light intensity hundreds of times. This enhancement increases the sensitivity of OA-ICOS. Optical path ; Sensitivity (control systems) ; Optics ; Materials science ; Absorption (acoustics) ; Optical cavity ; Laser ; Spectroscopy ; Cavity ring-down spectroscopy ; Path length ; SIGNAL (programming language) ; Noise (video) ; Optoelectronics ; Trace gas ; Absorption spectroscopy ; Physics ; Computer science ; Electronic engineering Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Analytical Chemistry and Sensors ; Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
Authors: Yanik Herrmann | Julius Fischer | Julia M. Brevoord | Colin Sauerzapf | Leonardo G. C. Wienhoven | Laurens J. Feije | M. Pasini | Martin Eschen | Maximilian Ruf | Matthew J. Weaver | Ronald Hanson
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-11-14)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Coherent Coupling of a Diamond Tin-Vacancy Center to a Tunable Open Microcavity Efficient coupling of optically active qubits to optical cavities is a key challenge for solid-state-based quantum optics experiments and future quantum technologies. Here we present a quantum photonic interface based on a single Tin-Vacancy center in a micrometer-thin diamond membrane coupled to a tunable open microcavity. We use the full tunability of the microcavity to selectively address individual Tin-Vacancy centers within the cavity mode volume. Purcell enhancement of the Tin-Vacancy center optical transition is evidenced both by optical excited state lifetime reduction and by optical linewidth broadening. As the emitter selectively reflects the single-photon component of the incident light, the coupled emitter-cavity system exhibits strong quantum nonlinear behavior. On resonance, we observe a transmission dip of 50 % for low incident photon number per Purcell-reduced excited state lifetime, while the dip disappears as the emitter is saturated with higher photon number. Moreover, we demonstrate that the emitter strongly modifies the photon statistics of the transmitted light by observing photon bunching. This work establishes a versatile and tunable platform for advanced quantum optics experiments and proof-of-principle demonstrations towards quantum networking with solid-state qubits. Laser linewidth ; Optical microcavity ; Qubit ; Optoelectronics ; Excited state ; Photon ; Cavity quantum electrodynamics ; Physics ; Diamond ; Quantum optics ; Photonics ; Materials science ; Optics ; Quantum ; Atomic physics ; Open quantum system ; Quantum mechanics Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; Mechanical and Optical Resonators ; Photonic and Optical Devices
Authors: Peter Blümler | Helmut Soltner
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-05-26)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Practical Concepts for Design, Construction and Application of Halbach Magnets in Magnetic Resonance This review is a compilation of relevant concepts in designing Halbach multipoles for magnetic resonance applications. The main focus is on providing practical guidelines to plan, design and build such magnets. Therefore, analytical equations are presented for estimating the magnetic field from ideal to realistic systems. Various strategies of homogenizing magnetic fields are discussed together with concepts of opening such magnets without force, or combining them for variable fields. Temperature compensation and other practical aspects are also reviewed. For magnetic resonance two polarities (di- and quadrupole) are of main interest, but higher polarities are also included. Magnet ; Halbach array ; Focus (optics) ; Magnetic field ; Quadrupole magnet ; Computer science ; Mechanical engineering ; Physics ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Engineering ; Optics Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications ; Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers ; NMR spectroscopy and applications
Authors: S Vigneshwaran | D sureshkumar | R. Murali | K. Krishnaraj
Source: Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

A Validation of Material, Design, and Physical Properties of Weightlifting Shoes Based on 3D Models This research paper discusses the optimization of the performance of a weightlifting shoe (WLS) using different testing procedures involving the physical analysis (PHA) and the finite element analysis (FEA). Finite element analysis has been widely used in the fields of car model designing, airplane designing, building designing, bridge designing and even foot and footwear such as sports shoes designing, but till this date there has never been a design and analysis performed for weightlifting shoe to optimize its performance using the finite element analysis. Ten pairs of WLS were evaluated for various physical tests such as energy absorption, density determination, abrasion resistance, slip resistance, and compression, and their mean values were calculated. Creo software was used to create 3D models of the WLS sole, which were then loaded into the ansys workbench. Analyses were performed based on these models to identify parameters such as total deformation, directional deformation, von mises stress, and von mises strain. The results presented in this study have the potential to be used as a beneficial guideline to improve the quality, design and performance of a weightlifting shoe. Engineering ; Computer science Textile materials and evaluations ; Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
Authors: Zhengxu Huang | Shuxiong Yan | M. Rosenbusch
Source:  (preprint, 2023-08-21)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Optimizing ion transport in a multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrograph by a modified Nelder--Mead simplex algorithm RATIONALE : The multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrograph (MRTOF-MS) is a complex nonlinear system with dozens of variables that are impossible to determine in theory. Numerical analysis is the only method to determine a solution. Therefore, a numerical simulation is applied with a modified Nelder–Mead simplex (MNMS) algorithm for optimizing voltage configurations. METHODS : Ion trajectories for injection and confinement are simulated using the software SIMION 8.1. The goal of optimization is to find a more suitable configuration for the electric field. This task becomes more challenging as the number of variables, the complexity of the objective function, and the accuracy of the variable intervals increase. A simplex search algorithm was used to perform the optimization process. We modified the searching algorithm by incorporating a variable transformation to ensure that the variables have smooth boundaries. Additionally, we introduced a dedicated benchmark to facilitate global searches. RESULTS : By iteratively using the MNMS algorithm, a total of eight electrodes have been optimized, resulting in a smaller beam size and more efficient ion transport. CONCLUSIONS : The MNMS algorithm is effectively for optimizing nonlinear MRTOF-MS system. It improves the adaptability and globality of the original algorithm, making it applicable for the numerical analysis of complex mass spectrometry systems and problems in engineering. Simplex algorithm ; Algorithm ; Benchmark (surveying) ; Simplex ; Nonlinear system ; Computer science ; Reflection (computer programming) ; Mathematical optimization ; Mathematics ; Linear programming ; Physics Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Atomic and Molecular Physics ; Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
Authors: Ke Wu | Xia Zhu | Xiaoguang Zhao | Stephan W. Anderson | Xin Zhang
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-09-29)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Conformal Metamaterials with Active Tunability and Self-adaptivity for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Ongoing effort has been devoted to applying metamaterials to boost the imaging performance of magnetic resonance imaging owing to their unique capacity for electromagnetic field confinement and enhancement. However, there are still major obstacles to widespread clinical adoption of conventional metamaterials due to several notable restrictions, namely: their typically bulky and rigid structures, deviations in their optimal resonance frequency, and their inevitable interference with the transmission RF field in MRI. Herein, we address these restrictions and report a conformal, smart metamaterial, which may not only be readily tuned to achieve the desired, precise frequency match with MRI by a controlling circuit, but is also capable of selectively amplifying the magnetic field during the RF reception phase by sensing the excitation signal strength passively, thereby remaining off during the RF transmission phase and thereby ensuring its optimal performance when applied to MRI as an additive technology. By addressing a host of current technological challenges, the metamaterial presented herein paves the way toward the wide-ranging utilization of metamaterials in clinical MRI, thereby translating this promising technology to the MRI bedside. Metamaterial ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Transmission (telecommunications) ; Electromagnetic interference ; Radio frequency ; Interference (communication) ; Excitation ; Computer science ; Resonance (particle physics) ; Electronic engineering ; Materials science ; Optoelectronics ; Physics ; Telecommunications ; Electrical engineering ; Engineering ; Medicine Conducting polymers and applications ; Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks ; Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
Authors: Sahil Kumar Singh | Abhishek Dhar | Herbert Spohn | Anupam Kundu
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-10-28)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Thermalization and hydrodynamics in an interacting integrable system: the case of hard rods We consider the relaxation of an initial non-equilibrium state in a one-dimensional fluid of hard rods. Since it is an interacting integrable system, we expect it to reach the Generalized Gibbs Ensemble (GGE) at long times for generic initial conditions. Here we show that there exist initial conditions for which the system does not reach GGE even at very long times and in the thermodynamic limit. In particular, we consider an initial condition of uniformly distributed hard-rods in a box with the left half having particles with a singular velocity distribution (all moving with unit velocity) and the right half particles in thermal equilibrium. We find that the density profile for the singular component does not spread to the full extent of the box and keeps moving with a fixed effective speed at long times. We show that such density profiles can be well described by the solution of the Euler equations almost everywhere except at the location of the shocks, where we observe slight discrepancies due to dissipation arising from the initial fluctuations of the thermal background. To demonstrate this effect of dissipation analytically, we consider a second initial condition with a single particle at the origin with unit velocity in a thermal background. We find that the probability distribution of the position of the unit velocity quasi-particle has diffusive spreading which can be understood from the solution of the Navier-Stokes equation of the hard rods. Finally, we consider an initial condition with a spread in velocity distribution for which we show convergence to GGE. Our conclusions are based on molecular dynamics simulations supported by analytical arguments. Physics ; Thermalisation ; Dissipation ; Initial value problem ; Thermal ; Relaxation (psychology) ; Thermal equilibrium ; Rod ; Classical mechanics ; Distribution (mathematics) ; Integrable system ; Particle (ecology) ; Mechanics ; Mathematical analysis ; Statistical physics ; Mathematics ; Mathematical physics ; Thermodynamics ; Quantum mechanics Material Dynamics and Properties ; Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics ; Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
Authors: José Martín‐Roca | Manuel Horcajo-Fernández | Chantal Valeriani | Francisco Gámez | Fernando Martínez‐Pedrero
Source: Nanomaterials (article, 2023-01-18)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Field-Pulse-Induced Annealing of 2D Colloidal Polycrystals Two-dimensional colloidal crystals are of considerable fundamental and practical importance. However, their quality is often low due to the widespread presence of domain walls and defects. In this work, we explored the annealing process undergone by monolayers of superparamagnetic colloids adsorbed onto fluid interfaces in the presence of magnetic field pulses. These systems present the extraordinary peculiarity that both the extent and the character of interparticle interactions can be adjusted at will by simply varying the strength and orientation of the applied field so that the application of field pulses results in a sudden input of energy. Specifically, we have studied the effect of polycrystal size, pulse duration, slope and frequency on the efficiency of the annealing process and found that (i) this strategy is only effective when the polycrystal consists of less than approximately 10 domains; (ii) that the pulse duration should be of the order of magnitude of the time required for the outer particles to travel one diameter during the heating step; (iii) that the quality of larger polycrystals can be slightly improved by applying tilted pulses. The experimental results were corroborated by Brownian dynamics simulations. Annealing (glass) ; Materials science ; Superparamagnetism ; Monolayer ; Condensed matter physics ; Colloid ; Pulse duration ; Magnetic field ; Chemical physics ; Nanotechnology ; Composite material ; Optics ; Magnetization ; Physics ; Chemistry Pickering emulsions and particle stabilization ; Proteins in Food Systems ; Micro and Nano Robotics
Authors: José Balduque | Rafael Sánchez
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-07-25)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Coherent control of thermoelectric currents and noise in quantum thermocouples Three-terminal coherent conductors are able to perform as quantum thermocouples when the heat absorbed from one terminal is transformed into useful power in the other two. Allowing for a phase coherent coupling to the heat source, we introduce a way to control and improve the thermoelectric response via quantum interference. A simple setup composed of a scanning probe between two resonant tunneling regions is proposed that achieves better performance than incoherent analogs by enhancing the generated power and efficiency, and reducing the output current noise. Thermocouple ; Thermoelectric effect ; Noise (video) ; Interference (communication) ; Coherent control ; Coupling (piping) ; Seebeck coefficient ; Quantum tunnelling ; Quantum ; Physics ; Materials science ; Optoelectronics ; Electrical engineering ; Computer science ; Quantum mechanics ; Engineering Thermal properties of materials ; Surface and Thin Film Phenomena ; Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
Authors: Maximilian Wranik | Michal Kepa | Emma V. Beale | Daniel James | Quentin Bertrand | Tobias Weinert | Antonia Furrer | Hannah Glover | Dardan Gashi | Melissa Carrillo | Yasushi Kondo | Robin Stipp | Georgii Khusainov | Karol Nass | D. Ozerov | Claudio Cirelli | Philip J. M. Johnson | Florian Dworkowski | John H. Beale | Scott L. Stubbs | Thierry Zamofing | M. Schneider | Kristina Krauskopf | Li Gao | Oliver Thorn‐Seshold | Christoph Bostedt | Camila Bacellar | Michel O. Steinmetz | Christopher J. Milne | Jörg Standfuss
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2023-03-09)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A multi-reservoir extruder for time-resolved serial protein crystallography and compound screening at X-ray free-electron lasers Abstract Serial crystallography at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) permits the determination of radiation-damage free static as well as time-resolved protein structures at room temperature. Efficient sample delivery is a key factor for such experiments. Here, we describe a multi-reservoir, high viscosity extruder as a step towards automation of sample delivery at XFELs. Compared to a standard single extruder, sample exchange time was halved and the workload of users was greatly reduced. In-built temperature control of samples facilitated optimal extrusion and offered a path forward for the observation of temperature-dependent structural changes. After commissioning the device with lysozyme crystals, we collected time-resolved data using crystals of a membrane-bound, light-driven sodium pump. Static data were also collected from the soluble protein tubulin that was soaked with a series of small molecule drugs. Using these data, we identified low occupancy (as little as 30%) ligands using a minimal amount of data from a serial crystallography experiment, a result that could be exploited for structure-based drug design. Laser ; X-ray ; Materials science ; Free electron model ; Electron ; Plastics extrusion ; Crystallography ; Chemistry ; Optics ; Physics ; Composite material Enzyme Structure and Function ; Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications ; Biochemical and Molecular Research