jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Rajath Sawant | Anthony Albanese | Arnaud Rogemont | Gregorio González-Cortés | Yoann Brûlé | Lara Karam | Jean‐Baptiste Jager | Stéphane Malhouitre | Benoı̂t Charbonnier | Aurélien Coillet | Pierre Noé | Benoît Cluzel
Source: Advanced Optical Materials (article, 2025-07-08)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

High‐Endurance and Energy‐Efficient All‐Optical Programming of Scalable Silicon Waveguides with Integrated Phase‐Change Material Patches Abstract With the rise of optical computing, phase‐change materials (PCM) are attractive candidates for implementing programmable optical functionalities in photonic circuits. Integrating them as tunable media in photonic waveguides appears to be a simple but effective way to program their optical transfer function in both amplitude and phase through near‐field interactions. This is exactly what is being addressed in this work by integrating Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 (GST) patches on top of silicon waveguides. A scalable fabrication process is described, and the optical properties and programming capabilities are reported obtained from heterodyne interferometry to access the complex transmission of waveguides on the fly. It is reported that both amorphization and crystallization energy thresholds are at least an order of magnitude lower than previous reports, and programming endurance is successfully tested up to 10 8 cycles, exceeding all previous results obtained with GST or any other PCM for use in photonics. Finally, the morphological and chemical characterization of PCM against aging is presented, revealing a failure mechanism due to phase segregation and ope ning new avenues to further optimize device endurance. As such, these results will be valuable to the large community of scientists seeking to integrate phase‐change materials into advanced photonic architectures where reconfigurability is required. Materials science ; Silicon ; Scalability ; Optoelectronics ; Engineering physics ; Phase (matter) ; Silicon photonics ; Energy (signal processing) ; Waveguide ; Nanotechnology ; Optics ; Computer science ; Engineering Phase-change materials and chalcogenides ; Photonic and Optical Devices ; Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing
Authors: Michel Y. Fares | Shimaa E. Abdel Aziz | Israa A. Khalil | Asmaa Othman El Demerdash | Neven M. Habib
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2025-02-12)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Development and validation of a stability-indicating HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of anticoccidial drugs in veterinary formulations: greenness and whiteness assessment Intestinal coccidiosis is a significant parasitic disease affecting poultry, resulting in substantial economic losses for the industry. It compromises the nutrition absorption, leading to weight loss and elevated mortality rates. Furthermore, the stress caused by the infection can compromise the immune system, making poultry more susceptible to secondary infections and reducing overall productivity. As a result, simple analytical techniques are critical for determining anticoccidial drugs. A new, sensitive, and environmentally friendly HPLC method was developed for determining amprolium (AMP), sulfaquinoxaline (SUL), diaveridine (DIV), and vitamin K3 (VIT K3) in their formulations for the first time. Stability tests were performed under diverse stress conditions to verify the safety and efficiency of the formulation throughout its designated shelf time. These investigations ascertain the influence of various environmental conditions on a drug's chemical stability and physical characteristics. A Supelcosil C18 column was used as the stationary phase, and 0.05 M KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> and acetonitrile were mixed in a ratio of 80:20 (v/v) as the developing system with a flow rate of 2.0 mL min<sup>-1</sup>. The proposed drugs were quantified at 260 nm. It was tested and found that the novel analytical method was linear for AMP and SUL between 20.0 and 60.0 µg mL<sup>-1</sup>, 2.0-6.0 µg mL<sup>-1</sup> for VIT K3, and 2.1-6.3 µg mL<sup>-1</sup> for DIV. The anticipated method was validated according to ICH guidelines. Advanced evaluation tools, such as GAPI, Red Green Blue (RGB 12, whiteness), Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI), the Analytical Eco-Scale, and (AGREE) assessed the sustainability profile of the proposed method, illustrating its enhanced environmental friendliness and sustainability. Veterinary Drugs ; Veterinary medicine ; Veterinary drug ; High-performance liquid chromatography ; Biology ; Chromatography ; Chemistry ; Medicine Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals ; Coccidia and coccidiosis research ; Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
Authors: Yuanxiang Zhang | Guoquan Jiang | Jingbo Zhao | Lihua Liang
Source: Micromachines (article, 2025-04-13)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Investigation on Electromigration-Induced Failure and Reservoir Effect in AlCu Interconnects Aluminum-copper alloy (AlCu) is commonly utilized as interconnect material in low-power devices. However, as the size of electronic devices continues to decrease and current density increases, electromigration (EM) has emerged as a significant reliability concern for AlCu interconnects in the microelectronics industry. In this study, two-level AlCu interconnect structures with a Ti/TiN barrier layer were fabricated using 0.18 μm technology to perform accelerated EM tests. The test samples were subjected to three current levels (1.45 mA, 2.40 mA and 5.30 mA) at three ambient temperatures (200 °C, 225 °C and 250 °C) to investigate the nucleation and evolution of voids during EM degradation and then obtain the mean time to failure (MTTF). The numerical simulation method of atomic density integral (ADI) was used to simulate experimental observations based on the ANSYS platform, considering the coupled effects of electron wind force, stress gradient, temperature gradient, and atomic density gradient. A comparison of the experimental results and numerical simulations proves that the ADI method can be applied successfully to EM failure prediction of AlCu interconnects. Finite element models with different reservoir lengths were built to demonstrate the mechanism of the reservoir effect. The results show that the reservoir can improve the EM lifetime of the interconnect, but there is a critical extension length beyond which increasing extension sizes have no effect on EM lifetime. Electromigration ; Microelectronics ; Materials science ; Interconnection ; Nucleation ; Mean time between failures ; Current density ; Tin ; Stress (linguistics) ; Alloy ; Aluminium ; Reliability (semiconductor) ; Metallurgy ; Composite material ; Power (physics) ; Mechanics ; Optoelectronics ; Failure rate ; Thermodynamics ; Engineering ; Physics ; Reliability engineering Copper Interconnects and Reliability ; Electronic Packaging and Soldering Technologies ; Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
Authors: Xiaojie Niu | Yao Xiang | Erbao Dong
Source: Biomimetics (article, 2025-06-06)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Design and Control of Bio-Inspired Joints for Legged Robots Driven by Shape Memory Alloy Wires Bio-inspired joints play a pivotal role in legged robots, directly determining their motion capabilities and overall system performance. While shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators present superior power density and silent operation compared to conventional electromechanical drives, their inherent nonlinear hysteresis and restricted strain capacity (typically less than 5%) limit actuation range and control precision. This study proposes a bio-inspired joint integrating an antagonistic actuator configuration and differential dual-diameter pulley collaboration, achieving amplified joint stroke (±60°) and bidirectional active controllability. Leveraging a comprehensive experimental platform, precise reference input tracking is realized through adaptive fuzzy control. Furthermore, an SMA-driven bio-inspired leg is developed based on this joint, along with a motion retargeting framework to map human motions onto the robotic leg. Human gait tracking experiments conducted on the leg platform validate its motion performance and explore practical applications of SMA in robotics. SMA* ; Shape-memory alloy ; Actuator ; Computer science ; Pulley ; Controllability ; Robot ; Motion control ; Control theory (sociology) ; Legged robot ; Fuzzy logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Control engineering ; Simulation ; Engineering ; Mechanical engineering ; Control (management) Shape Memory Alloy Transformations ; Soft Robotics and Applications ; Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics
Authors: Mengze Zhang | John A Abbey | Pierre Bost | Genki Usui | Simon Haefliger | Simone Muenst | Mark J. Lim | Gargey Yagnik | Natalie de Souza | Kenneth J. Rothschild | Bernd Bodenmiller
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2025-04-22)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Spatial proteomics with 100+ markers with Highly Multiplexed MALDI-IHC Abstract Highly multiplexed, antibody-based protein imaging of tissue has yielded many insights but does not yet allow the routine analysis of more than 50 markers simultaneously. By leveraging the ability of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) imaging to resolve hundreds of m/z peaks without spectral overlap, MALDI-IHC with photocleavable mass-tag (PCMT)-labelled antibodies offers the possibility to dramatically increase the number of markers that can be imaged. Here, we demonstrate 100+ plex MALDI-IHC imaging and describe our development of gutenTAG, an open-source analysis pipeline for the resulting highly multiplex data. We validated a panel of 133 tumor-ecosystem-focused antibodies, show that it captures expected histopathology in diverse tissues, and demonstrate reproducibility of the method. We further applied a 120-plex subset of this panel to samples from an endometrial cancer cohort, again capturing expected histopathology and identifying novel spatial structures between TCGA molecular subtypes. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of simultaneously detecting hundreds of protein markers in a reproducible and scalable manner. Proteomics ; MALDI imaging ; Computational biology ; Computer science ; Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization ; Chemistry ; Biology ; Biochemistry Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications ; Advanced Biosensing Techniques and Applications
Authors: Bhaskar Karubothula | Veera Venkataramana Kota | Dnyaneshwar Shinde | Raghu Tadala | Vishnu Cheerala | Samara Bin Salem | Wael Elamin | Grzegorz Brudecki
Source: Molecules (article, 2025-09-11)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Next-Generation Wastewater-Based Epidemiology: Green Automation for Detecting 69 Multiclass Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products in Wastewater Using 96-Well Plate Solid-Phase Extraction by LC-MS/MS Conventional methods for detecting pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in environmental samples are complex, resource-intensive, and not sustainable. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate an automated sample preparation approach using the Biomek i7 Workstation to analyze 69 PPCPs in wastewater, with the objective to improve monitoring of public health and environmental protection. The method underwent extensive development, including optimization of UPLC-MS/MS parameters, preparation of wastewater matrix blank sample and assessment of extraction efficiency using three types of SPE cartridges. Extraction efficiency trials revealed that the order of suitability for SPE cartridges is Mixed-Mode Anion Exchange (MAX) > Mixed-Mode Cation Exchange (MCX) > Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB). The method demonstrated specificity for all targeted PPCPs, with the max interfering peak for 1, 7 Dimethylxanthine reaching 14.79% of the response at the target limit of quantification (LOQ). The method met ±20% matrix effect tolerance for 63 PPCPs, while 6 PPCPs showed signal enhancement. The 8-point procedural calibration curve prepared using automated robotic extraction has demonstrated linearity across the tested range. A spiking study at low (LQC), medium (MQC), and high (HQC) quality control levels (<i>n</i> = 6), repeated on three separate occasions, showed % RSD values within 20% and % recovery between 80 and 120%. The method met validation requirements, showed reliability in Intra-Laboratory Comparison, Blind Testing (BT) and received high ratings for greenness (Green Analytical Procedure Index, Analytical GREEnness) and practicality (Blue Applicability Grade Index). Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products ; Extraction (chemistry) ; Wastewater ; Automation ; Reliability (semiconductor) ; Matrix (chemical analysis) ; Calibration ; Sample (material) Analytical chemistry methods development ; Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts ; Biosensors and Analytical Detection
Authors: José Manuel Ruiz‐Marizcal | J. I. Páez-Ornelas | H. N. Fernández-Escamilla | E. A. Murillo-Bracamontes | G. Alonso‐Núñez | E. Peréz‐Tijerina | Noboru Takeuchi | J. M. Romo-Herrera
Source: Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research (article, 2025-01-06)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

From Graphene Oxide to N‐Doped Graphene: Understanding the Doping Process N‐doped carbon nanostructures have gained attention as an alternative electrocatalyst for diverse reactions. They are making attractive the scalable methods to achieve enough material. However, optimizing the appropriate nitrogen species in the N‐doped graphitic electrocatalysts is critical. Here, the N‐doping process to obtain N‐doped graphene starting from graphene oxide (GO) as the precursor to contributing toward this goal is explored. The role of doping temperatures and doping times on nitrogen incorporation into the graphene sheets, the subsequent desorption, and the influence of the oxygen (O) species from the GO during the N‐doping process are analyzed. The experimental evidence is combined with first‐principles density functional theory calculations to understand key characteristics of the N‐doping process, particularly emphasizing the proportion of N species obtained. Finally, the critical sensitivity to N species proportions present in the electrocatalysts is illustrated by evaluating the activity and selectivity for the oxygen reduction reaction with a set of three different samples designed. Graphene ; Doping ; Oxide ; Materials science ; Graphene oxide paper ; Nanotechnology ; Process (computing) ; Optoelectronics ; Computer science ; Metallurgy Graphene research and applications ; Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures ; Advanced Memory and Neural Computing
Authors: Athira Raj T | Aravind G.B. | M Arun | Embalil Mathachan Aneesh
Source: Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences (article, 2025-10-16)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Mass spectrometry-based proteomics in forensic investigations: a focused review of LC-MS applications Abstract Background Proteomics, the large-scale study of proteins, has long been a vital tool in biological research. Its extension into forensic science, termed forensic proteomics, has opened new avenues for evidence analysis due to its high specificity and diverse applicability. Proteins, being stable and sample-rich, provide valuable insights in various forensic contexts, enhancing both identification and investigative accuracy. Main body Forensic proteomics has demonstrated promising applications in individual differentiation, ethnic and sex identification, biological age estimation, determination of the post-mortem interval (PMI), and biomarker-based identification of bodily fluids and tissues. It also plays a critical role in anti-doping efforts by detecting illicit peptides, proteins, and hormones. Commonly analyzed human samples include hair, bone, muscle, blood, and fingerprints. Among the many forensic challenges, PMI estimation remains one of the most debated and in need of methodological improvement. Despite its growing relevance, the field requires further validation and standardization to ensure reproducibility and legal acceptance of proteomic evidence. Conclusion This review offers a comprehensive overview of forensic proteomics, highlighting current methodologies, human sample-based applications, and future prospects. By addressing existing challenges and exploring emerging directions, it aims to support forensic investigators and researchers in adopting proteomics as a reliable tool for evidence analysis and interpretation. Key points: Forensic proteomics enables individual profiling by identifying ethnicity, sex, biological age, body fluids, tissues, and PMI using protein signatures from samples such as bone, hair, blood, and fingermarks. Advanced mass spectrometry approaches, including tandem MS, top-down, middle-down, and bottom-up proteomics, enhance the sensitivity and specificity of forensic investigations. Biomarker-driven analysis is emphasized, with key proteins such as feutin A (age estimation), biglycan (PMI), and keratin peptides (sex and ethnicity) offering valuable forensic insights. Challenges in forensic proteomics include sample degradation, lack of methodological standardization, and species differentiation, which limit reproducibility and legal admissibility. The review supports current findings about adopting forensic proteomics as a reliable and admissible tool in legal and investigative contexts. Identification (biology) ; Profiling (computer programming) ; Forensic identification ; Standardization ; Forensic science ; Proteomics Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Identification and Quantification in Food
Authors: Minki Kim | J. Lee
Source: Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Energy Transfer during Strong Oscillations of a Spherical Bubble with Non-Ideal Gas Equations of State Spherical bubble oscillations are widely used to model cavitation phenomena in biomedical and naval hydrodynamic systems. During collapse, a sudden increase in surrounding pressure initiates the collapse of a cavitation bubbl... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Tech Science Press Cavitation ; Bubble ; Energy transfer ; Gas bubble ; Energy (signal processing) ; Oscillation (cell signaling) ; Equation of state Ultrasound and Cavitation Phenomena ; Cavitation Phenomena in Pumps ; Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications
Authors: Marie Filteau
Source: Heliyon (article, 2025-06-11)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Will climate change affect the quality of maple syrup? Climate change poses challenges to forests and agricultural systems, including the maple syrup sector, affecting not only the quantities produced, but also the quality of the product.The quality of maple syrup is influenced by factors related to the environment, tree biology, microorganisms, sap composition, and anthropological factors, including harvest methods.This study attempts to project the effect of climate change in three different climate scenarios on the quality of maple syrup by modeling a transition point in dormancy release, which is associated with the composition of maple water/sap and syrup quality.Sap flow season was predicted by assuming the flow parameters of two harvest methods, gravity and vacuum collection.For some parameters, the difference between the collection methods was similar or larger in size to the projected impact of climate change, demonstrating the importance of technology.Furthermore, projections indicated that climate change could increase the opportunity to collect maple water, which is associated with high-quality syrup, by altering the timing of dormancy release and bud break.However, the effects vary between the harvest methods, with a greater influence on gravity collection.Consequently, although maple syrup production may decrease due to climate change, the biological response of maple trees could help mitigate this loss by reducing the likelihood of producing atypical and nonconforming products.Therefore, adapted collection practices could help maple syrup producers reduce the impact of climate change on their production. Affect (linguistics) ; Maple ; Climate change ; Maple syrup urine disease ; Quality (philosophy) ; Chemistry ; Environmental science ; Psychology ; Botany ; Biology ; Physics ; Biochemistry ; Ecology Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds ; Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
Authors: Paul Robineau | Maria Boltoeva | Nicolas Arbor | Gaëtana Quaranta
Source: The Science of The Total Environment (article, 2025-03-25)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Radiological impact of the Fessenheim Nuclear Power Plant decommissioning through prospective Life-Cycle and Risk Assessment approaches The Fessenheim Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) is the first large-scale plant in France scheduled for decommissioning, set to begin in 2026. Few studies have investigated NPP decommissioning's environmental impacts and especially radiological ones, which have been generally understudied within Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA). This work builds on and complements Électricité de France's (EDF) regulatory Health & Environmental Risk Assessment (HERA) by conducting an LCA following ISO 14040/44 standards, dynamically accounting for atmospheric and freshwater discharges over 15 years. Radiological impacts on human health are estimated using two recently developed Life-Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) methods: UCrad, built as a radiological counterpart to USEtox (designed for global averaged results), and CGM, drawing on the analytical modeling of HERA studies (intended for plant-scale assessments in a screening context). At the midpoint level, <sup>3</sup>H, <sup>14</sup>C, and <sup>60</sup>Co are identified as key radionuclides, with varying contribution to total impacts across methods, the Water Metal cutting and Regular exploitation processes being the primary discharge sources. The worst estimate of public total dose is 400 times lower than the French average annual dose. However, comparisons with EDF's results and other HERA studies show CGM's limited current relevance for bridging HERA and LCA due to divergent results. The creation of adapted characterization factors (CFs) for alternative discharge configurations is recommended. Using QGIS software, population data aligned with shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs) enable creation of prospective endpoint-level CFs, allowing comparison between static and prospective UCrad estimates. Neglecting the prospective dimension of NPP decommissioning leads to a 17-21.8 % underestimation of global damages. CGM being site-dependent, population distribution assumptions heavily influence results. Since CGM midpoint impacts seem reasonably interpolated as a function of distance, improvements could involve implementing spatial fits within QGIS to compute representative CGM endpoint impacts, provided an appropriate balance between computation time and spatial resolution is commonly adopted. Nuclear decommissioning ; Radiological weapon ; Nuclear power plant ; Risk assessment ; Nuclear power ; Life-cycle assessment ; Environmental science ; Risk analysis (engineering) ; Engineering ; Nuclear engineering ; Medicine ; Waste management ; Computer science ; Production (economics) ; Biology ; Surgery ; Nuclear physics ; Economics ; Physics ; Ecology Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies ; Nuclear and radioactivity studies ; Risk Perception and Management