jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Garbriel Jose G. Lim
Source: International Journal of Geomate (article, 2022-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

EFFECT OF COCONUT SHELL ASH ON PORE WATER PRESSURE CHANGES IN SAND Previous studies showed that the addition of coconut shell ash (CSA) to soil improved the California Bearing Ratio, Maximum Dry Density, and Unconfined Compressive Strength. But the effect of CSA in decreasing soil susceptibility to static liquefaction has yet to be investigated. Static liquefaction is a major concern because it is defined as when soil loses its strength and behaves like a fluid. This causes settlements, damages buildings, and endangers lives. The loss in soil strength is attributed to the increase in pore water pressure. Pore water pressure buildup is more likely to happen in loose and saturated sands. This study hypothesizes that the particle size and the chemical property of CSA can reduce the liquefaction susceptibility of sands by decreasing pore water pressure buildup when the sand is subjected to vertical loads. For the experiment, the consolidated undrained (CU) triaxial test was conducted. The Cam-Clay model was used to analyze soil behavior between the control samples and the samples mixed with CSA. Results show that administering 5 % CSA expanded the soil's yield surface, improving soil's ability to respond elastically to deformations. Five percent CSA decreased pore water pressure buildup in the samples subjected to 50 kPa and 100 kPa consolidating pressures by 6.53 % and 5.55 %, respectively. However, for the sample subjected to 25 kPa consolidating pressure, 5 % CSA caused an adverse effect by increasing pore water pressure buildup by 10.73 %. The low consolidating pressure negates the effect of CSA and there should be a sufficiently high consolidating pressure to decrease pore water pressure buildup. Pore water pressure ; Shell (structure) ; Materials science ; Environmental science ; Geotechnical engineering ; Composite material ; Geology Coconut Research and Applications
Authors: Nurul Huda | Shawulienu Kezilebieke | Teemu Ojanen | Robert Drost | Peter Liljeroth
Source: npj Quantum Materials (article, 2022-02-16)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Reply to: “Topological and trivial domain wall states in engineered atomic chains” Non peer reviewed Domain (mathematical analysis) ; Domain wall (magnetism) ; Topology (electrical circuits) ; Theoretical physics ; Physics ; Mathematics ; Combinatorics ; Quantum mechanics ; Mathematical analysis Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Topological Materials and Phenomena ; 2D Materials and Applications
Authors: Mary Alice Cusentino | Benjamin Nebgen | Kipton Barros | John D. Shimanek | Alice E. A. Allen | Aidan P. Thompson | Saryu Fensin | J. Matthew D. Lane
Source:  (article, 2022-07-01)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Molecular Dynamics of High Pressure Tin Phases II: Machine Learned Interatomic Potential Development. Abstract not provided. Molecular dynamics ; Tin ; Interatomic potential ; High pressure ; Computer science ; Dynamics (music) ; Materials science ; Chemical physics ; Engineering physics ; Chemistry ; Metallurgy ; Physics ; Computational chemistry Inorganic Chemistry and Materials ; Advanced Chemical Physics Studies ; Fullerene Chemistry and Applications
Authors: Zhenan Chen | Haoqi Wu | Handong Gao | Xiaoming Xue
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2022-08-29)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Identification of hybrid tuliptree and parental species by near infrared hyperspectral imaging （NIR-HSI） spectroscopy Abstract Hybrid tuliptree ( Liriodendron sion-americanum P.C. Yieh ex Shang et Z.R. Wang) has good wood quality and been widely used in furniture and other fields. Compared with parental species, hybrid tuliptree displayed faster growth rate, better wood quality and wider adaptability. But the morphological properties of hybrid tuliptree and parental species are highly similar, its identification has become an urgent problem. This study aims to evaluate the capabilities of near infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) technique to identify hybrid tuliptree, Chinese tuliptree, and tuliptree. For this purpose, the building models were carried out using Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and support vector machine (SVM) after different data treatment. The results demonstrated that NIR-HSI spectroscopy combined with successive projections algorithm (SPA) treatment and SVM model can achieve the highest prediction accuracy (100%). This study shows that NIR-HSI technique has great potential in the genus Liriodendron identification and is suitable for classifying highly similar woods. Hyperspectral imaging ; Support vector machine ; Linear discriminant analysis ; Partial least squares regression ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Artificial intelligence ; Identification (biology) ; Adaptability ; Near-infrared spectroscopy ; Computer science ; Mathematics ; Biology ; Machine learning ; Ecology ; Optics ; Physics Wood and Agarwood Research ; Wood Treatment and Properties ; Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
Authors: Benjamin B. Cipiti
Source:  (article, 2022-08-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

U.S. Domestic Material Control and Accounting for Advanced and Small Modular Reactors. Nuclear energy expansion in the United States is likely to be led by the deployment of advanced and small modular reactors.These reactors are enabled by significant private and public support and hope to capitalize on lower upfront costs, modular construction, enhanced safety, and better integration in the power grid.The U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, is supporting research to help vendors satisfy material control and accounting (MC&A) requirements for Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) licensing.The MC&A challenges are different for advanced reactor designs that move away from traditional fuel assemblies.These types of designs have not been through NRC licensing in the past and must navigate a regulatory structure that was built up around large light water reactors (LWRs).In particular, the MC&A approach for pebble bed reactors (PBRs) and molten salt reactors (MSRs) are being developed along with technologies for both process control and accounting of nuclear material.PBRs must pay particular attention to the pebble handling system and burnup measurements.Pebble accounting is driven by process control needs, materials accountancy requirements, and physical protection requirements.MSRs blend MC&A requirements for bulk handling facilities and reactors.MC&A is likely to be limited by measurement technologies, but containment and surveillance can provide additional measures to protect against material theft.This work helps to anticipate future nuclear energy challenges and has yielded useful insight into the overall MC&A approach, limitations of measurement technology, and integration with safety and security.The paper provides an overview of the lessons learned and recommendations for U.S. domestic deployment.This work can be used as a basis to inform international safeguards requirements for these types of advanced reactors.1. Modular design ; Control (management) ; Accounting ; Computer science ; Business ; Programming language ; Artificial intelligence Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies
Authors: Xuanting Huang | H Zhang | Y Pu | J Wang | J Q | T J Zhang | J Ren | S H Yu | G Zhang | R Liu | C Yang | X Liu | F Yang | J Gao | J Wen | B Wei | L Xiang | H Wu | Z Wei | C H Liang | Liang-Wu Y U | D F Liu | Y L Fang | Z Siddiqui | K Tyagi | J Yan | T Zhang | B Zhang | S Wen | Z Zeng | T Huang | Z He | Q Zheng | L Feng | Y Ye | B Song | T Wang | L Rodr Guez | O Castillo | J Soria | J Song | Y Liu | D Song | Y Gao | J Qiu | S Xian | N Jing | T Li | J Xia | J Garibaldi | D Huang | C Chen | G Sun
Source: Academic Journal of Agricultural Sciences (article, 2022-10-10)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Entropy Weight Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation in Screening of Japonica Rice Quality More than half of the world's population is dominated by rice. In the context of reduced cultivated land and increasingly scarce water resources, increasing rice production has become an urgent problem in order to meet the needs of world's growing population. On the basis of previous work, this paper combines the entropy weight method with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to expand the method of comprehensive evaluation of rice quality. The main purpose is to establish an entropy weight fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model and apply it to comprehensive evaluation of rice quality of japonica rice variety in 12 different producing areas. At the same time, identity the marker genotypes of parental yield traits, and found 31 marker genotypes are significantly correlated with the yield of parental yield traits. The two marker genotypes are related to the six traits of the parent; two marker genotypes are related to the 5 traits of parental at the same time; there are four marker genotypes associated with the four traits of the male parent; There are five marker genotypes associated with maternal features; there are three marker genotypes associated with the parental and maternal genetic traits; There are 15 marker genotypes associated with parental traits of individual traits. The marker genotype of the RM23~150/160 was positive for 4 genotype effects. The number of per panicle, daily yield per plant, ear length and number of secondary branches increased by 12.1%, 11.3%, 10.4% and 14.9%, respectively. The results showed that the whiteness, different cultivar rate, defect rate and amylose content may be the main indicators affecting differences in quality of various varieties' rice. Among the 12 varieties, the comprehensive quality of Ji japonica in 88 and Ji japonica in 83 was better, evaluation level is I; long white 19 and long white 25 have overall poor quality performance and the evaluation level is V. Fuzzy logic ; Japonica rice ; Japonica ; Entropy (arrow of time) ; Mathematics ; Computer science ; Agricultural engineering ; Statistics ; Environmental science ; Artificial intelligence ; Biology ; Engineering ; Physics ; Botany ; Thermodynamics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
Authors: Qun Wu | Congrong Xu | Bo Xiang
Source: Journal of Materials Processing and Design (article, 2022-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Composition analysis and identification of ancient glass products High-potassium glass and lead-barium glass were two kinds of glass commonly used in ancient China. However, due to their susceptibility to weathering in the process of burial, their chemical composition content has changed, so it is necessary to explore and analyze. We first deleted the invalid data, and used Excel to make statistics on each decoration, type and color. Then we found that lead-barium glass was more likely to be weathered. Without considering the number of samples, B decoration was more likely to be weathered, and the relationship between color and weathering was not strong. Finally, under the condition of fixed glass types, Excel was used to calculate and visualize the chemical content changes of the main components before and after weathering. At the same time, tables were listed according to the obtained statistical rules, and the chemical composition content before and after weathering was compared to predict the chemical composition content before and after weathering. Weathering ; Chemical composition ; Barium ; Mineralogy ; Composition (language) ; Statistical analysis ; Materials science ; Geology ; Chemistry ; Mathematics ; Metallurgy ; Geochemistry ; Statistics ; Art ; Organic chemistry Pigment Synthesis and Properties ; Consumer Perception and Purchasing Behavior ; Cultural and Historical Studies
Authors: Ashish Jain | M. G. Rahimian | V. R. Bhardwaj
Source: Photonics (article, 2022-09-26)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Optimization of Multi-Layer Data Recording and Reading in an Optical Disc Storage capacity of a conventional optical disc can be enhanced significantly by recording data within the three-dimensional volume. However, spherical aberrations and light-scattering limit the number of layers that can be efficiently recorded and retrieved. In this paper, we show that by optimizing the multi-layer data recording and reading parameters, the number of fabricated layers could be tripled to 60 in commercial grade poly-methyl-methacrylate polycarbonate and reduce the read laser power by a factor of 7 by the 20th layer. Influence of spherical aberration on write laser spot size was studied by using vector diffraction theory and compared with experimental values obtained by monitoring the threshold energy of the write laser with depth. Scattering losses of the read laser were studied by simulating the propagation of light through multi-layered micro-structured material. The main advantage of our technique is its practical implementation, as it refrains from the use of index-matching liquids and specialized optics during the read–write process. Optics ; Laser ; Optical disc ; Materials science ; Layer (electronics) ; Optical recording ; Scattering ; Reading (process) ; Light scattering ; Diffraction ; 3D optical data storage ; Polycarbonate ; Computer science ; Optoelectronics ; Physics ; Nanotechnology ; Composite material Phase-change materials and chalcogenides ; Liquid Crystal Research Advancements ; Nonlinear Optical Materials Studies
Authors: Lev I. Levitsky | Ksenia G. Kuznetsova | Anna A. Kliuchnikova | Irina Y. Ilina | Anton O. Goncharov | Anna A. Lobas | Mark V. Ivanov | В. Н. Лазарев | Rustam Ziganshin | Mikhail V. Gorshkov | Sergei A. Moshkovskii
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2022-01-11)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Validating amino acid variants in proteogenomics using sequence coverage by multiple reads Abstract Mass spectrometry-based proteome analysis usually implies matching mass spectra of proteolytic peptides to amino acid sequences predicted from nucleic acid sequences. At the same time, due to the stochastic nature of the method when it comes to proteome-wide analysis, in which only a fraction of peptides are selected for sequencing, the completeness of protein sequence identification is undermined. Likewise, the reliability of peptide variant identification in proteogenomic studies is suffering. We propose a way to interpret shotgun proteomics results, specifically in data-dependent acquisition mode, as protein sequence coverage by multiple reads, just as it is done in the field of nucleic acid sequencing for the calling of single nucleotide variants. Multiple reads for each position in a sequence could be provided by overlapping distinct peptides, thus, confirming the presence of certain amino acid residues in the overlapping stretch with much lower false discovery rate than conventional 1%. The source of overlapping distinct peptides are, first, miscleaved tryptic peptides in combination with their properly cleaved counterparts, and, second, peptides generated by several proteases with different specificities after the same specimen is subject to parallel digestion and analyzed separately. We illustrate this approach using publicly available multiprotease proteomic datasets and our own data generated for HEK-293 cell line digests obtained using trypsin, LysC and GluC proteases. From 5000 to 8000 protein groups are identified for each digest corresponding to up to 30% of the whole proteome coverage. Most of this coverage was provided by a single read, while up to 7% of the observed protein sequences were covered two-fold and more. The proteogenomic analysis of HEK-293 cell line revealed 36 peptide variants associated with SNP, seven of which were supported by multiple reads. The efficiency of the multiple reads approach depends strongly on the depth of proteome analysis, the digesting features such as the level of miscleavages, and will increase with the number of different proteases used in parallel proteome digestion. Graphical abstract Proteome ; Proteogenomics ; Computational biology ; Peptide sequence ; Trypsin ; Protein sequencing ; Bottom-up proteomics ; Proteomics ; Biology ; Protein methods ; Nucleic acid ; Biochemistry ; Chemistry ; Tandem mass spectrometry ; Mass spectrometry ; Genomics ; Genome ; Protein mass spectrometry ; Gene ; Chromatography ; Enzyme Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies ; Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
Authors: K. Zberecki | M. Wilczynnski | M. Wierzbicki
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2022-08-30)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Heisenberg models with minimal number of parameters for two-dimensional magnetic crystals In this work we investigated adequacy of the Heisenberg model application to novel two-dimensional magnetic materials, on an example of monolayer CrI3. We introduced the concept of the mean tensor invariant under symmetry operations of the magnetic structure, which allows the number of parameters of the anisotropic tensor Heisenberg model to be significantly reduced, while maintaining the compliance with the results of ab-initio calculations. We derived the expressions for fourth-order corrections to Heisenberg Hamiltonian and to Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in the form of quartic symmetry invariants with minimal number of parameters. We tested the physical adequacy of such approach in the case of monolayer CrI3, utilizing an alternative to four-states energy mapping -- the all-parameters least square fit. Heisenberg model ; Hamiltonian (control theory) ; Quartic function ; Tensor (intrinsic definition) ; Physics ; Symmetry (geometry) ; Mathematical physics ; Quantum mechanics ; Mathematics ; Condensed matter physics ; Ferromagnetism ; Geometry ; Pure mathematics 2D Materials and Applications
Authors: Qi-Xuan Wu | Hong‐Qing Liu | Yi‐Jiun Wang | Tsai-Chen Chen | Ziying Wei | Jung‐Hsuan Chang | Ting‐Hao Chen | Jaya Seema | Eugene C. Lin
Source: Biomedicines (article, 2022-05-24)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) Signal at −1.6 ppm and Its Application for Imaging a C6 Glioma Model The chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) signal at -1.6 ppm is attributed to the choline methyl on phosphatidylcholines and results from the relayed nuclear Overhauser effect (rNOE), that is, rNOE(-1.6). The formation of rNOE(-1.6) involving the cholesterol hydroxyl is shown in liposome models. We aimed to confirm the correlation between cholesterol content and rNOE(-1.6) in cell cultures, tissues, and animals. C57BL/6 mice (N = 9) bearing the C6 glioma tumor were imaged in a 7 T MRI scanner, and their rNOE(-1.6) images were cross-validated through cholesterol staining with filipin. Cholesterol quantification was obtained using an 18.8-T NMR spectrometer from the lipid extracts of the brain tissues from another group of mice (N = 3). The cholesterol content in the cultured cells was manipulated using methyl-β-cyclodextrin and a complex of cholesterol and methyl-β-cyclodextrin. The rNOE(-1.6) of the cell homogenates and their cholesterol levels were measured using a 9.4-T NMR spectrometer. The rNOE(-1.6) signal is hypointense in the C6 tumors of mice, which matches the filipin staining results, suggesting that their tumor region is cholesterol deficient. The tissue extracts also indicate less cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine contents in tumors than in normal brain tissues. The amplitude of rNOE(-1.6) is positively correlated with the cholesterol concentration in the cholesterol-manipulated cell cultures. Our results indicate that the cholesterol dependence of rNOE(-1.6) occurs in cell cultures and solid tumors of C6 glioma. Furthermore, when the concentration of phosphatidylcholine is carefully considered, rNOE(-1.6) can be developed as a cholesterol-weighted imaging technique. Cholesterol ; Phosphatidylcholine ; Filipin ; Chemistry ; Choline ; Glioma ; Liposome ; Staining ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Biophysics ; Biochemistry ; Biology ; Phospholipid ; Pathology ; Medicine ; Cancer research Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes ; Electron Spin Resonance Studies ; Magnetism in coordination complexes
Authors: Đỗ Anh Tú | Nguyễn Minh Hiếu | Trần Đức Tâm | Nguyễn Thị Hà Ly
Source: Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (JSTCE) - HUCE (article, 2022-12-29)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Dự báo khả năng nứt nhiệt trong bê tông tuổi sớm trong kết cấu trụ cầu sử dụng mạng nơ-ron nhântạo Trụ cầu là bộ phận kết cấu quan trọng của công trình cầu, đóng vai trò chịu lực và truyền lực từ kết cấu nhịp xuống nền móng, giữ ổn định cho kết cấu nhịp. Trong thực tế xây dựng các công trình cầu bê tông, các bộ phận như móng, mố, trụ có thể xuất hiện vết nứt (bao gồm nứt do nhiệt, nứt do co ngót,...) ngay từ sớm gây ảnh hưởng đến tính nguyên vẹn cũng như khả năng chịu lực và tuổi thọ của công trình. Bên cạnh các phương pháp kinh nghiệm, kỹ sư, hoặc mô phỏng số thì mạng nơ-ron nhân tạo (ANN) cho thấy tiềm năng to lớn trong dự báo rủi ro nứt nhiệt tuổi sớm trong bê tông trụ cầu. Bài báo này trình bày việc sử dụng mô hình ANN để dự đoán khả năng nứt nhiệt tuổi sớm trong bê tông trụ cầu trong điều kiện nhiệt độ môi trường thông thường ở Việt Nam. Các thuật toán Levenberg-Marquardt, Bayesian Regularization và Scaled Conjugate Gradient cùng với bộ dữ liệu bao gồm 462 mẫu được sử dụng để phục vụ cho việc huấn luyện, so sánh và kiểm chứng mô hình. Hiệu suất của mô hình được đánh giá thông qua các tiêu chí thống kê, từ đó đưa ra được thuật toán tốt nhất để sử dụng. Kết quả từ các mô hình huấn luyện cho thấy mạng ANN là công cụ tốt để dự báo rủi ro nứt nhiệt trong bê tông trụ cầu và thời điểm xảy ra tương ứng. Chemistry Structural mechanics and materials ; Value Engineering and Management ; Geodetic Measurements and Engineering Structures
Authors: Anas N. Al‐Rabadi
Source: Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (article, 2022-10-07)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

CONCURRENT TERNARY GALOIS-BASED COMPUTATION USING NANO-APEX MULTIPLEXING NIBS OF REGULAR THREE-DIMENSIONAL NETWORKS, PART III: LAYOUT CONGESTIONFREE EFFECTUATION Novel layout realizations for congestion-free three-dimensional lattice networks using the corresponding carbon-based field emission controlled switching is introduced in this article. The developed nano-based implementations are performed in three dimensions to perform the required concurrent computations for which two-dimensional implementations are a special case. The introduced realizations for congestion-free concurrent computations utilize the field-emission controlled switching devices that were presented in the first and second parts of the article for the solution of synthesis congestion and by utilizing field-emission from carbon nanotubes and nanotips. Since the concept of symmetry indices has been related to regular logic design, a more general method called Iterative Symmetry Indices Decomposition that produces regular three-dimensional lattice networks via carbon field-emission multiplexing is presented, where one obtains multi-stage decompositions whenever volume-specific layout constraints have to be satisfied. The introduced congestion-free nano-based lattice computations form new and important paths in regular lattice realizations, where applications include low-power IC design for the control of autonomous robots and for signal processing implementations. Ternary operation ; Apex (geometry) ; Nano- ; Computation ; Multiplexing ; Computer science ; Galois theory ; Mathematics ; Materials science ; Algorithm ; Geometry ; Telecommunications ; Discrete mathematics ; Composite material Carbon Nanotubes in Composites ; Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata ; Graphene research and applications