jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Tzu-Tsung Wong | Shih-Hsuan Hung
Source: Advances in Technology Innovation (article, 2020-10-08)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

The Impact of Coating Ingredients on the Aging Resistance of Topcoat Paints by Model Trees Topcoat paint is mainly composed of resin and pigment and hence its quality highly depends on the type and proportion of these two ingredients. This study aims at testing the formula of the topcoat paint for finding one that can achieve better quality for anti-aging. Various formulas of paint are applied on boards that will be put into ultraviolet accelerated test machines to simulate weathering tests. The gloss and color, before and after the tests, are collected and numerical prediction method M5P is used to grow model trees for discovering the key factors affecting aging. Based on the structure and the linear regression models in the trees, a better topcoat paint should be composed of a high proportion of resin and generally a low proportion of pigment. Good types of resin and pigment are also identified for keeping color and gloss. Gloss (optics) ; Materials science ; Coating ; Accelerated aging ; Weathering ; Composite material ; Geology Textile materials and evaluations ; Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements
Authors: Kumar Chaudhary Rahul
Source: Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (article, 2020-09-01)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

STUDY OF LINEAR OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF HYPERBOLIC METAMATERIALS Metamaterial ; Reflection (computer programming) ; Dispersion (optics) ; Field (mathematics) ; Transmission (telecommunications) Advanced Physical and Chemical Molecular Interactions ; Electrohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Udara Dharmasiri | Samantha L. Isenberg | Paul M. Armistead | Gary L. Glish
Source: UNC Libraries (article, 2020-11-05)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry Enables Targeted Leukemia Antigen Detection Differential ion mobility spectrometry (DIMS) can be used as a filter to remove undesired background ions from reaching the mass spectrometer. The ability to use DIMS as a filter for known analytes makes DIMS coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (DIMS–MS/MS) a promising technique for the detection of cancer antigens that can be predicted by computational algorithms. In experiments using DIMS–MS/MS that were performed without the use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), a predicted model antigen, GLR (FLSSANEHL), was detected at a concentration of 10 pM (20 amol) in a mixture containing 94 competing model peptide antigens, each at a concentration of 1 μM. Without DIMS filtering, the GLR peptide was undetectable in the mixture even at 100 nM. Again, without using HPLC, DIMS–MS/MS was used to detect 2 of 3 previously characterized antigens produced by the leukemia cell line U937.A2. Because of its sensitivity, a targeted DIMS–MS/MS methodology can likely be used to probe for predicted cancer antigens from cancer cell lines as well as human tumor samples. Tandem mass spectrometry ; Mass spectrometry ; Tandem ; Ion-mobility spectrometry ; Chemistry ; Ion-mobility spectrometry–mass spectrometry ; Differential (mechanical device) ; Ion ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Chromatography ; Selected reaction monitoring ; Materials science ; Physics ; Organic chemistry Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques ; Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications
Authors: Dana D. Burfeind | Christine Devine
Source: QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (article, 2020-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

A co-curricular inquiry-based approach to developing technical and transferrable laboratory skills in science graduates Laboratory-based learning experiences are critically important to develop the cognitive and technical capabilities we expect to see in our future scientists and STEM professionals. Despite the key role this environment plays in learning science, many current activities fall short in terms of providing an experience which connects the ‘doing’ with the ‘learning’. Laboratory practicals are expensive to resource (materials, staff time, laboratory space, etc), and therefore are typically constrained and assessment focused. In addition, these activities are often ‘cookbook’ or predetermined in their outcomes and students are typically not allowed to explore outside of the very narrow context of the prescribed activity. Given this current model of laboratory training, it is a concern that universities are producing graduates who may not have well developed technical or transferable skills to work effectively in a laboratory environment. The Kitchen Chemistry program aims to address this training deficit in undergraduate sciences. Kitchen Chemistry is a series of inquiry based co-curricular workshops for science, health science, and education students that aims to positively influence student learning, confidence and persistence in the sciences. The workshops differ from traditional laboratory environments because they are not assessment driven and are designed as a ‘safe place to fail’, where failure is an opportunity to learn. The curriculum for Kitchen Chemistry was developed in partnership with academics, student support services, technical staff, and students. Here we discuss the affordances and challenges to implementing this initiative, which is grounded in the provision of timely and relevant support for learning to develop technical proficiency for STEM undergraduates, in the co-curricular space. Curriculum ; Affordance ; General partnership ; Context (archaeology) ; Resource (disambiguation) ; Laboratory safety ; Medical education ; Engineering ; Engineering ethics ; Psychology ; Computer science ; Pedagogy ; Chemistry ; Medicine ; Political science Various Chemistry Research Topics ; Innovative Teaching Methods ; Experimental Learning in Engineering
Authors: Yuan Gao | Cong Guo | Jens O. Watzlawik | Elizabeth J. Lee | Danting Huang | Huan‐Xiang Zhou | Terrone L. Rosenberry | Anant K. Paravastu
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2020-03-04)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Out-of-register parallel β-sheets and antiparallel β-sheets coexist in 150 kDa oligomers formed by Aβ(1-42) Abstract We present solid-state NMR measurements of β-strand secondary structure and inter-strand organization within a 150 kDa oligomeric aggregate of the 42-residue variant of the Alzheimer’s amyloid-β peptide (Aβ(1-42)). This oligomer is characterized by a structure that cannot be explained by any previously proposed model for aggregated Aβ. We build upon our previous report of a β-strand spanned by residues 30-42, which arranges into an antiparallel β-sheet. New results presented here indicate that there is a second β-strand formed by residues 11-24. We show negative results for NMR experiments designed to reveal antiparallel β-sheets formed by this β-strand. Remarkably, we show that this strand is organized into a parallel β-sheet despite the co-existence of an antiparallel β-sheet in the same structure. In addition, the in-register parallel β-sheet commonly observed for amyloid fibril structure does not apply to residues 11-24 in the 150 kDa oligomer. Rather, we present evidence for an inter-strand registry shift of 3 residues that alternates in direction between adjacent molecules along the β-sheet. We corroborated this unexpected scheme for β-strand organization using multiple 2-dimensional NMR and 13 C- 13 C dipolar recoupling experiments. Our findings indicate a previously unknown assembly pathway and inspire a suggestion as to why this aggregate does not grow to larger sizes. Antiparallel (mathematics) ; Oligomer ; Beta sheet ; Amyloid fibril ; Crystallography ; Chemistry ; Peptide ; Biophysics ; Amyloid β ; Biology ; Physics ; Biochemistry ; Polymer chemistry Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications ; Alzheimer's disease research and treatments ; Protein Structure and Dynamics
Authors: Leevi Viitanen | Jonatan R. Mac Intyre | Juha Koivisto | Antti Puisto | Mikko J. Alava
Source: Physical Review Research (preprint, 2020-06-15)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Machine learning and predicting the time-dependent dynamics of local yielding in dry foams The yielding of dry foams is enabled by small elementary yield events on the bubble scale, "T1"s. We study the large-scale detection of these in an expanding two-dimensional (2D) flow geometry using artificial intelligence (AI) and nearest neighbor analysis. A good level of accuracy is reached by the AI approach using only a single frame, with the maximum score for vertex centered images highlighting the important role the vertices play in the local yielding of foams. We study the predictability of T1s ahead of time and show that this is possible on a timescale related to the waiting time statistics of T1s in local neighborhoods. The local T1 event predictability development is asymmetric in time, and measures the variation of the local property to yielding and similarly the existence of a relaxation timescale after local yielding. Predictability ; Vertex (graph theory) ; Scale (ratio) ; Relaxation (psychology) ; Statistical physics ; Yield (engineering) ; Computer science ; Mathematics ; Statistics ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Artificial intelligence ; Physics ; Combinatorics ; Thermodynamics Pickering emulsions and particle stabilization
Authors: Nikolaos I. Prasianakis
Source: Goldschmidt Abstracts (article, 2020-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Towards Digital Twins: Machine Learning Based Process Coupling and Multiscale Modelling of Reactive Transport Phenomena Process (computing) ; Computer science ; Coupling (piping) ; Artificial intelligence ; Engineering ; Mechanical engineering Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques ; Fuel Cells and Related Materials
Authors: Kalani Moore | Eoghan O’Connell | Lynette Keeney | Clive Downing | Michael Schmidt | Valeria Nicolosi | U. Bangert | Michele Conroy
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2020-12-02)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Polar Vortexes and Charged Domain Walls in a Room Temperature Magnetoelectric Thin Film Abstract Multiferroic domain walls are an emerging solution for future low-power nanoelectronics due to their combined tuneable functionality and mobility. Here we show that the magnetoelectric multiferroic Aurivillius phase Bi6TixFeyMnzO18 (B6TFMO) crystal is an ideal platform for domain wall-based nanoelectronic devices. The unit cell of B6TFMO is distinctive as it consists of a multiferroic layer between dielectric layers. We utilise atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy to map the sub-unit-cell polarisation in B6TFMO thin films. 180˚ charged head-to-head and tail-to-tail domain walls are found to pass through &gt; 8 ferroelectric-dielectric layers of the film. They are structurally similar to BiFeO3 DWs but contain a large surface charge density (σ_s) = 1.09 |e|per perovskite cell, where |e| is elementary charge. Although polarisation is primarily in-plane, c-axis polarisation is identified at head-to-tail domain walls with an associated electromechanical coupling of strain and polarisation. Finally, we reveal that with controlled strain engineering during thin film growth, room-temperature vortexes are formed in the ferroelectric layer. These results confirm that sub-unit-cell topological features can play an important role in controlling the conduction properties and magnetisation state of Aurivillius phase films and other multiferroic heterostructures. Vortex ; Polar ; Polar vortex ; Thin film ; Materials science ; Condensed matter physics ; Domain (mathematical analysis) ; Domain wall (magnetism) ; Composite material ; Physics ; Nanotechnology ; Meteorology ; Magnetic field ; Astronomy Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials ; Multiferroics and related materials ; Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials
Authors: Dongfeng Zhang
Source: 2020 5th International Conference on Technologies in Manufacturing, Information and Computing (ICTMIC 2020) (article, 2020-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Extraction of Anthocyanin from Purple Cabbage Based on Artificial Neural Network With fresh purple cabbage as raw material and hydrochloric acid solution as extractant, the scavenging effect of purple cabbage on super oxide anion radical and hydroxyl radical of anthocyanin extract was screened by single factor and orthogonal test.Extract antioxidant activity.The results showed that 0.3mol/l purple cabbage anthocyanin hydrochloride was used as the extraction agent, and the extraction process was the best.Purple cabbage anthocyanin [anthocyanin purple cabbage anthocyanin: anthocyanin water purple cabbage anthocyanin = 1:1 purple cabbage anthocyanin g / ml purple cabbage anthocyanin (purple cabbage Anthocyanin) purple cabbage anthocyanin]: anthocyanin added with hydrochloric acid purple cabbage anthocyanin = 1:5 purple cabbage anthocyanin (volume ratio) In hydrochloric acid solution, anthocyanin was extracted at 60 ℃ for 2 hours, the extraction rate was 1.67%.To some extent, the anthocyanin concentration of purple cabbage is 0-12 Mg / ml purple cabbage anthocyanin, with the increase of purple cabbage anthocyanin concentration, the effect of superoxide anion removal, the maximum clearance rate of purple cabbage anthocyanin is 31.1%,purple cabbage anthocyanin IC anthocyanin 50 purple cabbage anthocyanin purple cabbage anthocyanin 2.301 mg / ml purple cabbage anthocyanin; the content of purple cabbage anthocyanin is 0-0.6 in the range of purple cabbage Mg / ml anthocyanin, the concentration of anthocyanin in purple cabbage increased, the removal effect of hydroxyl radicals increased, the maximum removal rate was 54.7% Schiff base of anthocyanin in purple cabbage, 54.7% Schiff base of anthocyanin in purple cabbage, 0.956 anthocyanin in purple cabbage, and 9 mg / ml anthocyanin in purple cabbage. Anthocyanin ; Extraction (chemistry) ; Artificial neural network ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer science ; Red cabbage ; Botany ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Chromatography ; Chemistry ; Biology ; Food science Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Food Quality and Safety Studies ; Remote Sensing and Land Use
Authors: Benjamin D. Knapp | Lillian Zhu | Kerwyn Casey Huang
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2020-05-29)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

SiCTeC: an inexpensive, easily assembled Peltier device for rapid temperature shifting during single-cell imaging Abstract Single-cell imaging, combined with recent advances in image analysis and microfluidic technologies, have enabled fundamental discoveries of cellular responses to chemical perturbations that are often obscured by traditional liquid-culture experiments. Temperature is an environmental variable well known to impact growth and to elicit specific stress responses at extreme values; it is often used as a genetic tool to interrogate essential genes. However, the dynamic effects of temperature shifts have remained mostly unstudied at the single-cell level, due largely to engineering challenges related to sample stability, heatsink considerations, and temperature measurement and feedback. Additionally, the few commercially available temperature-control platforms are costly. Here, we report an inexpensive (&lt;$110) and modular Si ngle- C ell Te mperature C ontroller (SiCTeC) device for microbial imaging, based on straightforward modifications of the typical slide-sample-coverslip approach to microbial imaging, that controls temperature using a ring-shaped Peltier module and microcontroller feedback. Through stable and precise (±0.15 °C) temperature control, SiCTeC achieves reproducible and fast (1-2 min) temperature transitions with programmable waveforms between room temperature and 45 °C with an air objective. At the device’s maximum temperature of 89 °C, SiCTeC revealed that Escherichia coli cells progressively shrink and lose cellular contents. During oscillations between 30 °C and 37 °C, cells rapidly adapted their response to temperature upshifts. Furthermore, SiCTeC enabled the discovery of rapid morphological changes and enhanced sensitivity to substrate stiffness during upshifts to nonpermissive temperatures in temperature-sensitive mutants of cell-wall synthesis enzymes. Overall, the simplicity and affordability of SiCTeC empowers future studies of the temperature dependence of single-cell physiology. Temperature control ; Microfluidics ; Materials science ; Modular design ; Substrate (aquarium) ; Nanotechnology ; Thermoelectric effect ; Heat sink ; Thermoelectric cooling ; Optoelectronics ; Computer science ; Biology ; Mechanical engineering ; Physics ; Engineering thermodynamics and calorimetric analyses ; Cell Image Analysis Techniques ; 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
Authors: James E. Saal | Clara Nyby | John R. Scully | Wolfgang Windl | Christopher D. Taylor | John D. Vienna | Jie Lian | G. S. Frankel | Joseph J. Ryan
Source: Goldschmidt Abstracts (article, 2020-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

A New Paradigm for Designing Corrosion Resistant Materials Corrosion ; Computer science ; Systems engineering ; Materials science ; Engineering ; Metallurgy Material Properties and Applications
Authors: Stéphane Bessonnet | Mohamed El Mansori | S. Mezghani | N. Coniglio | R Pee | Samuel Pinault
Source: Surface Topography Metrology and Properties (article, 2020-03-31)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Features selection approaches for an objective control of cosmetic quality of coated surfaces Abstract The cosmetic aspect is one of the main functions of industrial surfaces in numerous applications. Even the smallest surface defects may have a critical effect on the cosmetic tolerability of such industrial surfaces. Thus, surfaces are generally coated at the last manufacturing process stage to cover existing defects and to certify their cosmetic quality. The surface quality is however constantly controlled after coating that induces an increase of lead-time increase and production costs. This is due to a various flaw patterns and a lack of uncoated surfaces specifications. Hence, the identification of relevant surface morphological parameters underlies an objective and automatic cosmetic control performance. In fact, this relevant parameter selection allows tracking surface flaws during the coating finishing operation. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of various feature selection tools for data analysis (Neighbourhood Component Analysis (NCA), ReliefF, Sequential wrapper method, Decision tree) to extract relevant information out of physical data. A design of experiment based on scratches test on amorphous polymers to generate typical controlled defects has been performed. Then, several cosmetic defects characteristics were extracted from experimental measurements. Feature selection approaches were applied and compared to determine the most relevant parameters. The advantages and limitations of each method for data analysis have been highlighted in the case of real engineering surface quality control. Computer science ; Feature selection ; Quality (philosophy) ; Coating ; Identification (biology) ; Process (computing) ; Surface roughness ; Selection (genetic algorithm) ; Process engineering ; Artificial intelligence ; Engineering drawing ; Materials science ; Nanotechnology ; Engineering Textile materials and evaluations ; Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection ; Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements
Authors: Ingeborg Callesen | Bo Brockmann | Lennart Fischer | Andreas Magnussen | Erik B. Dam
Source: Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (article, 2020-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Wheel rutting: preliminary investigations of soil redox potential and automated monitoring of their presence using machine learning and highresolution LiDAR data The aim of this study is to report preliminary results from ongoing work that seeks to a) explore the soil environment in and around wheel tracks in forest and b) to develop an algorithm that can automate the quantification of the length and depth of wheel ruts per hectare in forest. Lidar ; Rut ; Remote sensing ; Environmental science ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer vision ; Geology ; Cartography ; Geography Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping ; Soil Geostatistics and Mapping
Authors: Anas N. Al‐Rabadi
Source: International Journal of VLSI Design & Communication Systems (article, 2020-12-30)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Concurrent Ternary Galois-based Computation using Nano-apex Multiplexing Nibs of Regular Three-dimensional Networks, Part III: Layout Congestion-free Effectuation Novel layout realizations for congestion-free three-dimensional lattice networks using the corresponding carbon-based field emission controlled switching is introduced in this article. The developed nano-based implementations are performed in three dimensions to perform the required concurrent computations for which two-dimensional implementations are a special case. The introduced realizations for congestion-free concurrent computations utilize the field-emission controlled switching devices that were presented in the first and second parts of the article for the solution of synthesis congestion and by utilizing field-emission from carbon nanotubes and nanotips. Since the concept of symmetry indices has been related to regular logic design, a more general method called Iterative Symmetry Indices Decomposition that produces regular three-dimensional lattice networks via carbon field-emission multiplexing is presented, where one obtains multi-stage decompositions whenever volume-specific layout constraints have to be satisfied. The introduced congestion-free nano-based lattice computations form new and important paths in regular lattice realizations, where applications include low-power IC design for the control of autonomous robots and for signal processing implementations. Computation ; Multiplexing ; Lattice (music) ; Computer science ; Network congestion ; Ternary operation ; Topology (electrical circuits) ; Distributed computing ; Computational science ; Algorithm ; Mathematics ; Physics ; Telecommunications ; Computer network ; Combinatorics Graphene research and applications ; Carbon Nanotubes in Composites ; Semiconductor materials and devices