jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Abhilasha Prakash
Source: Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (article, 2021-06-01)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Challenges Faced By Higher Secondary Students In Learning Chemistry As A Discipline <strong>Abstract</strong> <strong>Science is considered as an important subject in school curriculum as the </strong><strong><strong>Thermodynamics, Chemical Equlibrium and Colligative properties.</strong> <strong>Students face many problems in topics like Chemical Bonding,</strong> <strong>learning Chemistry.</strong> <strong>Chemistry as a discipline and ways to minimize these difficulties in</strong> <strong>common difficulties experienced by Higher Secondary students in learning</strong> <strong>The objectives of this study was to examine the nature and causes of</strong> <strong>of no use.</strong> <strong>students would not be able to reflect what they study in the classrooms, it is</strong> <strong>However it is mostly observed that these skills lack in the students. If the</strong> <strong>aspects of students education and life from school to career.</strong> <strong>learn, solve problems and make decisions. These skills are integral to every</strong> <strong>Teaching the scientific methods to students is teaching them how to think,</strong> <strong>we would still be living in a very difficult way to that of what we live today.</strong> <strong>that give us what we have today. Aworld without Science would mean that</strong> <strong>development of productive activity. Science has led us to find out things</strong> <strong>man’s future depends to a large extent on scientific advances and</strong> </strong> <strong><strong>The main factors that are contributed for learning difficulties include–</strong> <strong>Absence of lab work, absence of teaching and learning resource, poor</strong> <strong>teaching and learning strategies, poor English and Mathematical skills and</strong> <strong>so there is a need to improve these causes.</strong> <strong>Teachers also focus on only those aspects which gain examination grades</strong> <strong>rather than favourable </strong></strong><strong><strong>outcomes like developing practical skills and attitudes.</strong></strong> Mathematics education ; Chemistry ; Engineering ethics ; Pedagogy ; Psychology ; Engineering Various Chemistry Research Topics ; Innovative Teaching Methods
Authors: Perizat Urkimbaeva
Source: Bulletin of Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University (article, 2021-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACRYLATE-BASED DIPHILIC COPOLYMERS Радикальной сополимеризацией 2-гидроксиэтилакрилата (ГЭА) с метилакрилатом (МА) осуществлен синтез новых термочувствительных водорастворимых полимеров, изучены основные закономерности их образования. Методом ЯМР-спектроскопии определен состав сополимеров, рассчитаны константы сополимеризации. Установлено, что водные растворы сополимеров характеризуются нижней критической температурой растворения (НКТР), значения которой зависит от содержания МА в составе макроцепей. 2-гидроксиэтилакрилат - очень полезное сырье для химического синтеза, поскольку оно легко подвергается комбинированным реакциям с широким спектром органических и неорганических соединений, он является необходимым сырьем во многих случаях жизни человека. Поскольку 2-гидроксиэтилакрилат (2-ГЭА) используется в производстве твердых полимеров, дисперсий и растворов полимеров, качественные показатели в этой области также подробно описаны в статье. Существуют различные свидетельства того, что сырье 2-гидроксиэтилакрилат широко используется в промышленности в качестве покрытия из-за его высоких связывающих, пленкообразующих, адгезионных и герметизирующих свойств. Методами вискозиметрии и турбидиметрии изучено комплексообразование водорастворимых сополимеров ГЭА-МА с полиакриловой кислотой (ПАК) в водных растворах. Определены критические величины рН комплексообразования, показано с увеличением в составе сополимеров гидрофобных звеньев МА эффективность комплексообразования в системе неионный полимер-ПАК повышается. Copolymer ; Acrylate ; Characterization (materials science) ; Polymer chemistry ; Materials science ; Polymer science ; Polymer ; Composite material ; Nanotechnology Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization ; Photopolymerization techniques and applications ; Synthesis and properties of polymers
Authors: Salman Ahmadi | Girish N. Nair | Erik Weyer
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2021-06-03)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Granger Causality from Quantized Measurements An approach is proposed for inferring Granger causality between jointly stationary, Gaussian signals from quantized data. First, a necessary and sufficient rank criterion for the equality of two conditional Gaussian distributions is proved. Assuming a partial finite-order Markov property, a characterization of Granger causality in terms of the rank of a matrix involving the covariances is presented. We call this the causality matrix. The smallest singular value of the causality matrix gives a lower bound on the distance between the two conditional Gaussian distributions appearing in the definition of Granger causality and yields a new measure of causality. Then, conditions are derived under which Granger causality between jointly Gaussian processes can be reliably inferred from the second order moments of quantized measurements. A necessary and sufficient condition is proposed for Granger causality inference under binary quantization. Furthermore, sufficient conditions are introduced to infer Granger causality between jointly Gaussian signals through measurements quantized via non-uniform, uniform or high resolution quantizers. Apart from the assumed partial Markov order and joint Gaussianity, this approach does not require the parameters of a system model to be identified. No assumptions are made on the identifiability of the jointly Gaussian random processes through the quantized observations. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by simulation results. Granger causality ; Gaussian ; Causality (physics) ; Mathematics ; Markov chain ; Identifiability ; Applied mathematics ; Econometrics ; Statistics ; Physics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Fault Detection and Control Systems ; Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms
Authors: Ruben Shaginyan | Valery V. Kolesov | Evgeny Ivanov
Source: EPJ Web of Conferences (article, 2021-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A MESOSCOPIC OXIDE FUEL CLUSTERING AND ITS GLOBAL PERFORMANCE Transient fuel behavior in a Light Water-cooled Reactor core depends on nuclear properties (Doppler broadening, moderation ratio, and, sometimes, neutron gas temperature etc.) and on variations of thermal-physics parameters (temperature distributions, fuel elongation and moderator density). Usually, in a rough reactor analysis one ignores the very details of temperature distributions largely staying in a frame of so-called adiabatic assumptions (when temperature and density distribution are changing in sync keeping given spatial shapes). In majority of practical applications the radially distributed temperature fields are represented as monotonically smeared ones as if fissile and other materials are homogeneously mixed. Moreover, no one measurement technique allows counting precise correlation between reactivity feedback and in-pellet temperature and materials space-time distributions. However, if fuel is made of Mixed Oxide Plutonium-Uranium compound the behavior of Light Water Reactor would be impacted by an appearance of Pu-rich agglomerates that could be large enough to change physical processes. In such case the fuel reacts on power and temperature variations no more as a homogeneous but a heterogeneous media (on a mesoscopic scale, of course). It leads to changes in a fission product distributions, a fission gas release and, even, to an appearance of multiple components in a Fuel Temperature Coefficient and in a Power Reactivity feedback. These components would depend non-linearly on power, power rate and on some details of a heat transfer. This paper is the only first step of a broad research program where we are estimating the relevant phenomena just by an order of magnitude. Mesoscopic physics ; Fissile material ; Adiabatic process ; Nuclear engineering ; Power density ; Nuclear reactor core ; Neutron ; Materials science ; Nuclear physics ; Thermodynamics ; Power (physics) ; Physics Nuclear Materials and Properties ; Nuclear reactor physics and engineering
Authors: Mahmoud Elsawy | Mickael Binois | Régis Duvigneau | Stéphane Lanteri | Patrice Genevet
Source: Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (article, 2021-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Statistical learning multiobjective optimization for large-scale achromatic metalens at visible regime A novel computational methodology based on statistical learning multiobjective optimization is developed to optimize large-scale achromatic 3D metalenses in the visible regime. The optimized lens has a numerical aperture of 0.56 and an average focusing efficiency of 45%. Achromatic lens ; Scale (ratio) ; Computer science ; Aperture (computer memory) ; Lens (geology) ; Optics ; Numerical aperture ; Multi-objective optimization ; Mathematical optimization ; Artificial intelligence ; Mathematics ; Physics ; Machine learning Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Optical Coatings and Gratings ; Advanced optical system design
Authors: Yuchen Li | Noël Challamel | Isaac Elishakoff
Source: Vietnam Journal of Mechanics (article, 2021-06-28)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Stochastic analysis of lattice, nonlocal continuous beams in vibration In this paper, we study the stochastic behavior of some lattice beams, called Hencky bar-chain model and their non-local continuous beam approximations. Hencky bar-chain model is a beam lattice composed of rigid segments, connected by some homogeneous rotational elastic links. In the present stochastic analysis, the stiffness of these elastic links is treated as a continuous random variable, with given probability density function. The fundamental eigenfrequency of the linear difference eigenvalue problem is also a random variable in this context. The reliability is defined as the probability that this fundamental frequency is less than an excitation frequency. This reliability function is exactly calculated for the lattice beam in conjunction with various boundary conditions. An exponential distribution is considered for the random stiffness of the elastic links. The stochastic lattice model is then compared to a stochastic nonlocal beam model, based on the continualization of the difference equation of the lattice model. The efficiency of the nonlocal beam model to approximate the lattice beam model is shown in presence of rotational elastic link randomness. We also compare such stochastic function with the one of a continuous local Euler-Bernoulli beam, with a special emphasis on scale effect in presence of randomness. Scale effect is captured both in deterministic and non-deterministic frameworks. Randomness ; Mathematics ; Random variable ; Lattice (music) ; Mathematical analysis ; Statistical physics ; Probability density function ; Physics ; Statistics Nonlocal and gradient elasticity in micro/nano structures ; Numerical methods in engineering ; Thermoelastic and Magnetoelastic Phenomena
Authors: Faiza Kamran Ali | Muhammad Asif | Abbas Hussain | Hafiz Muhammad Saad
Source: International Journal of Technology and Engineering Studies (article, 2021-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Invisibility Cloak in Microwave Region Using Double Negative Meta-materials and Their Various Applications Cloaking, camouflage or invisibility in microwave regime can be attained by canceling the electric (E) and magnetic(M) fields created, or by moulding the EM waves about the target. Guiding the EM wave is shifting or creating a change in the coordinate system such that, inside of the cloak remains hollow, at all points down to origin, the EM field will become zero, creating invisibility in the inside shell region. This type of invisibility can be achieved by meta-materials which comprise of negative values of permittivity (G) and permeability () and therefore negative refractive index, hence they are also known as double-negative materials (DNG). They were first analyzed theoretically in 1967 by a Russian physicist, Victor Veselago. These materials are not found naturally as the Greek word meta itself means altered or changed and are supposed to be manufactured artificially. In recent years, a lot of research and theoretical work has been done on the designing, formation, and practical application and implementation of double-negative materials or meta-materials. This paper is a survey type and consists of three parts. In the first part, classification of naturally occurring materials and meta-materials based on permittivity and permeability is done and clear differentiation between naturally occurring and artificially constructed materials is made evident. In the second part, characteristics and designing (unit cell) of meta-materials through the most common or conventional method is done, some of the mathematical aspects are also discussed and compared. In the third part, the vast scope and applications of meta-materials are discussed and mentioned. In the respective research that has been conducted, reliability, convenience and conservation of energy and resources through the usage of meta-materials in various conventional and practical fields is made evident. Complete and ideal designing, and development of a perfect metamaterial has not yet been successfully achieved, but day by day, an improvement is made, and the use of these materials in various forms can really make a significant and positive difference in the present and future. Invisibility ; Cloak ; Microwave ; Metamaterial ; Optics ; Physics ; Computer science ; Telecommunications Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Antenna Design and Analysis
Authors: Mohammadjavad Javadi
Source: Preprints.org (preprint, 2021-11-04)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Developing Verification and Optimization Models for Corona Discharge Suppression in High Voltage AC and DC Capacitor Banks Capacitor banks are widely used in current electrical transmission systems in order to improve power quality and increase efficiency. Utilizing high voltage components such as, shunt capacitors in the power grid imposes new challenges to the system which are required to be addressed. One of these challenges is corona discharges that can have negative impacts on capacitor banks such as power loss, insulator erosion followed by equipment failure, and radio interference. Although previous studies have almost exclusively focused on optimization of corona suppression rings for transformers and transmission lines, no specific studies have conducted regarding high voltage capacitor banks. This paper presents a novel study concerning verification and development of corona discharge suppression models on AC and DC capacitor banks with two different voltage levels. The employed method is based on the Maxwell&amp;rsquo;s equations and finite element method (FEM) which is implemented with the help of COMSOL Multiphysics&amp;copy; software. Results have verified the necessity of suppression methods as well as the efficiency of proposed solutions. Corona inception voltage levels are identified and effective factors on its appearance are reviewed. Analyses of proposed solutions have shown significant improvements in optimization of corona suppression methods as well as enhancement of maintenance maneuverability. Capacitor ; Multiphysics ; Decoupling capacitor ; Decoupling (probability) ; Electrical engineering ; Electric power transmission ; Transformer ; Voltage ; Corona ring ; High voltage ; Electronic engineering ; Corona discharge ; Computer science ; Materials science ; Engineering ; Finite element method ; Control engineering High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Aerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation ; High-Voltage Power Transmission Systems
Authors: Malek Ben Mechlia
Source: theses.fr (ABES) (preprint, 2021-12-08)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

Sizing and typology of a vehicle fleet taking into account the environmental impact and maintenance De nos jours, la logistique occupe une place importante dans la politique de pilotage des entreprises. Ceci est dû certainement aux exigences imposées par la partie prenante. Ces exigences ont entrainé les entreprises à explorer d’autres voies pour améliorer leurs performances économiques tout en respectant les exigences imposées. La clé de la réussite de la plupart des entreprises réside dans la bonne décision à prendre avant d’investir. Dans ce cadre, instaurer des outils d’aides à la décision en tenant compte des contraintes opérationnelles et environnementales dans le domaine de la logistique est devenu un enjeu majeur pour relever ce défi. À cet égard, nous nous sommes intéressés dans ce projet de recherche au dimensionnement d’un parc de véhicules en tenant compte de l’impact environnemental et de la maintenance tout en considérant deux types de véhicules (diesel, électrique). Une étude bibliographique des domaines de la logistique de transport, la maintenance, les caractéristiques des différents types de véhicule, a été réalisée dans un premier temps. La modalité d’exploitation, la consommation énergétique ainsi que l’impact environnemental causé par les moyens de transport selon son type, sont pris en considération dans la présentation des différentes études menées. Pour le dimensionnement et typologie d’une flotte de véhicules basés sur la maintenance et l’impact environnemental on a proposé trois stratégies où chacune est illustrée par le biais du développement d’un modèle analytique et une résolution numérique basée sur un exemple. Le premier modèle se rapporte à la stratégie d’achat et revente en fin de missions, le deuxième s’intéresse à la stratégie de leasing et le troisième concerne la stratégie d’achat, sous-traitance en fin de mission et revente à la fin du contrat de sous-traitance. L’optimisation de chaque stratégie est développée dans le but de déterminer essentiellement le nombre de véhicules à exploiter dans chaque type, le nombre de mois d’utilisation de chaque véhicule et la périodicité de maintenance préventive pour chacun. Les résultats numériques montrent les différences entre stratégies et prouvent la robustesse des modèles analytiques développés. On note qu’on a pris en considération l’impact d’une période de crise sanitaire (Covid-19) sur le plan de maintenance préventive pour la première stratégie développée. Typology ; Sizing ; Engineering ; Transport engineering ; Operations research ; Operations management ; Geography ; Chemistry Material Properties and Applications ; Engine and Fuel Emissions ; Transport and Logistics Innovations
Authors: Vineeth Venugopal | Sourav Sahoo | Mohd Zaki | Manish Agarwal | Nitya Nand Gosvami | N. M. Anoop Krishnan
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2021-01-05)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Looking Through Glass: Knowledge Discovery from Materials Science\n Literature using Natural Language Processing Most of the knowledge in materials science literature is in the form of\nunstructured data such as text and images. Here, we present a framework\nemploying natural language processing, which automates text and image\ncomprehension and precision knowledge extraction from inorganic glasses'\nliterature. The abstracts are automatically categorized using latent Dirichlet\nallocation (LDA), providing a way to classify and search semantically linked\npublications. Similarly, a comprehensive summary of images and plots are\npresented using the 'Caption Cluster Plot' (CCP), which provides direct access\nto the images buried in the papers. Finally, we combine the LDA and CCP with\nthe chemical elements occurring in the manuscript to present an 'Elemental\nmap', a topical and image-wise distribution of chemical elements in the\nliterature. Overall, the framework presented here can be a generic and powerful\ntool to extract and disseminate material-specific information on\ncomposition-structure-processing-property dataspaces, allowing insights into\nfundamental problems relevant to the materials science community and\naccelerated materials discovery.\n Latent Dirichlet allocation ; Computer science ; Knowledge extraction ; Plot (graphics) ; Information retrieval ; Information extraction ; Property (philosophy) ; Natural language processing ; Comprehension ; Domain knowledge ; Data science ; Topic model ; Artificial intelligence Machine Learning in Materials Science ; X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography ; Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
Authors: Yuan Li | Biaoyan Fang | Jiayuan He | Hiyori Yoshikawa | Saber A. Akhondi | Christian Druckenbrodt | Camilo Thorne | Zubair Afzal | Zenan Zhai | Timothy Baldwin | Karin Verspoor
Source:  (article, 2021-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Overview of ChEMU 2021: Reaction Reference Resolution and Anaphora Resolution in Chemical Patents In this paper, we provide an overview of the Cheminformatics Elsevier Melbourne University (ChEMU) evaluation lab 2021, part of the Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum 2021 (CLEF 2021). The ChEMU evaluation lab focuses on information extraction over chemical reactions from patent texts. As the second instance of our ChEMU lab series, we build upon the ChEMU corpus developed for ChEMU 2020, extending it for two distinct tasks related to reference resolution in chemical patents. Task 1—Chemical Reaction Reference Resolution—focuses on paragraph-level references and aims to identify the chemical reactions or general conditions specified in one reaction description referred to by another. Task 2—Anaphora Resolution—focuses on expression-level references and aims to identify the reference relationships between expressions in chemical reaction descriptions. Herein, we describe the resources created for these tasks and the evaluation methodology adopted. We also provide a brief summary of the results obtained in this lab, finding that one submission achieves substantially better results than our baseline models. Computer science ; Cheminformatics ; Resolution (logic) ; Clef ; Paragraph ; Task (project management) ; Natural language processing ; Information retrieval ; Artificial intelligence ; World Wide Web ; Chemistry Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies ; Computational Drug Discovery Methods