jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Polya Galinova Marinovska | Emiliya Pisareva | Iva Tomova | Ventsislava Yankova Petrova
Source: Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy (article, 2023-11-19)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Influence of physical factors on logarithmic, quiescent and non-quiescent S. Cerevisiae cells The influence of environmental conditions on eukaryotic cells, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been the subject of numerous scientific studies. Among the most important physical factors affecting cellular growth are temperature, pH, UV, osmotic pressure, mechanical, gravitational force, and ultrasound. Furthermore, those physical parameters refer to the abiotic factors of an ecosystem. They affect living organisms and can have either stimulating or negative effects on cells. In this respect, quiescent (Q), non-quiescent (NQ), and logarithmic cells (Log) of S. cerevisiae were used as а model system to assess the effect of different physical stresses on cellular survival rate. Obtained results revealed that cells in the G0 state are more resilient to various physical impacts from the environment. At the same time, logarithmic and NQ cells showed from 10 % to 90 % lower resistance depending on the physical factor. Moreover, the complex action of various abiotic factors on a living cell determines its biological path, namely entering different phases of the cell cycle, triggering pr Abiotic component ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Cell biology ; Logarithm ; Biophysics ; Biotic component ; Osmotic pressure ; Biological system ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Physics ; Ecology ; Yeast ; Botany ; Biochemistry ; Mathematics ; Mathematical analysis thermodynamics and calorimetric analyses
Authors: Jean‐François Roussel | David Lansade | Delphine Faye | Guillaume Rioland | V. Perrin | S. Brosse | David Nguyen Van Sang | Christophe Théroude | Christopher Laurent
Source: IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering (article, 2023-08-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Improvement of Bake-Out Prediction thanks to Realistic Species Separation Abstract A new approach to material outgassing modelling based on chemical species separation was applied to Bake-Out modelling. The outgassing of the Scotchweld EC-9323-2 epoxy glue was first characterized experimentally, both before and after Bake-Out. Based on the former, the latter was modelled, following the classical approach on the one hand and the new approach on the other hand. The MS-based species separation of this new approach allowed measuring the emitted flux of each species individually, even during the outgassing phase. The evolution of these fluxes all along the outgassing tests, during the five classical 24 h plateaus was successfully modelled by diffusion-limited outgassing laws, while it proved inconsistent with a desorption-limited outgassing. Their modelling by diffusion laws allowed a very consistent modelling of the total mass measurements in TML and CVCMs, with a small number of chemical species of different volatilities. The effect of a preliminary Bake-Out on this outgassing was finally modelled and compared to the experimental characterization of the baked material. The modelling accuracy still remains comparable to that of the traditional modelling based on mathematical species. Yet, the realistic species separation of the new approach allows simpler assumptions on water regain (its first species) than the traditional one, which needs to assess the amount of water contained in each mathematical species. Progress in the new method should come from an improved species separation and a direct characterisation of the water flux. Outgassing ; Diffusion ; Flux (metallurgy) ; Desorption ; Materials science ; Thermodynamics ; Mechanics ; Chemistry ; Physics ; Adsorption ; Physical chemistry Polymer crystallization and properties ; Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques ; Semiconductor materials and devices
Authors: Menglong Huang | Lewis B. Tunnicliffe | Shibai Liao | Bin Yang | Haixue Yan | James J. C. Busfield
Source: Rubber Chemistry and Technology (article, 2023-08-28)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

BROADBAND DIELECTRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF CARBON BLACK–REINFORCED NATURAL RUBBER ABSTRACT Natural rubber compounds reinforced with two different carbon blacks (N134 and N330) at various concentrations were characterized using very broadband dielectric spectroscopy from around 0.1 Hz to 0.3 THz using four different impedance and network analysis technologies. Percolation behavior was observed when the testing electrical frequency was below a certain range, which can be linked to the presence of percolated carbon black networks. When above a critical frequency level, the real part of AC conductivity or the permittivity tended to have a simple exponential relationship with the volume fraction of carbon black rather than a percolation-like behavior with the carbon black volume fraction and was no longer sensitive to carbon black networks. The AC conductivity derived via complex impedance was also strongly influenced by the choice of calculation model when the material was around or below the percolation threshold. Carbon black ; Materials science ; Percolation threshold ; Conductivity ; Percolation (cognitive psychology) ; Volume fraction ; Dielectric spectroscopy ; Natural rubber ; Carbon fibers ; Dielectric ; Composite material ; Permittivity ; Electrical resistivity and conductivity ; Composite number ; Chemistry ; Physics ; Optoelectronics Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties ; High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Conducting polymers and applications
Authors: Yongfeng Zhang
Source: Frontiers in Nuclear Engineering (review, 2023-01-19)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A review of void and gas bubble superlattices self-organization under irradiation Irradiation by high-energy particles has been well known as a destructive force that “damages” crystalline materials by creating lattice defects. One surprising outcome from irradiation is the self-organization of void superlattices and gas bubble superlattices in various materials under irradiation. While these superlattices exhibit crystal structures that mimic atomic lattices, their self-organization takes place in far-from-equilibrium environment. A thermodynamic driving force that entails ordering is either absent or yet to be identified. In the past few decades, extensive research efforts have been made to generate such superlattices and to discern their formation mechanisms. While a consensus is yet to reach, these studies have substantially enriched our understanding on defect evolution and self-organization under irradiation. Appending previous reviews that are mostly done two decades ago, this article presents a comprehensive review of new experimental, theoretical, and simulational studies of void and gas bubble superlattices in the past two decades. An in-depth discussion on the formation mechanisms and their implications on superlattice properties is provided for the purpose of encouraging future studies. Superlattice ; Void (composites) ; Irradiation ; Bubble ; Materials science ; Condensed matter physics ; Nanotechnology ; Chemical physics ; Physics ; Composite material ; Mechanics ; Nuclear physics Nuclear materials and radiation effects ; Nuclear Materials and Properties ; Ion-surface interactions and analysis
Authors: Andrei-Ionut Perdum | Alexandra Banu
Source: Revue Roumaine de Chimie (article, 2023-01-17)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

The influence of water absorption on reinforced polymers (FRP) using MWCNT and HGB In the current paper, different MWCNTs filler amounts, containing PA6 and HGBs were prepared by injection moulded. The water uptake at saturation, normalized to the polyamide mass, decreases; hence the diffusion rate in both MWCNTs is slower, respectively HGBs which is faster. Injected moulded polymer samples can take less (6%) water uptake than neat polymer granules (11%). The addition of 15 wt% of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (sample 3) led to a minimum water absorption rate of 5%; this value is 15% less than the majority of the polymer composite mixtures and 1% less than pure PA6, mainly because other polymer composites which contained the HGB filler, absorbed more water. The best results highlight the improved water resistance of polyamide composite (sample 3), which reduces the impact of water on the component and expresses better applicability in the water environment than other polymer composites or even pure PA6. Polyamide ; Polymer ; Absorption of water ; Composite number ; Materials science ; Composite material ; Carbon nanotube ; Saturation (graph theory) ; Fibre-reinforced plastic ; Filler (materials) ; Absorption (acoustics) ; Diffusion Polymer Nanocomposite Synthesis and Irradiation ; Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Dielectric materials and actuators
Authors: Emigdio Chávez‐Ángel | Polychronis Tsipas | Peng Xiao | Mohammad Taghi Ahmadi | Abdalghani Daaoub | Hatef Sadeghi | Torres, Clivia M. Sotomayor | A. Dimoulas | Alexandros El Sachat
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-03-10)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Engineering heat transport across epitaxial lattice-mismatched van der Waals heterointerfaces Artificially engineered 2D materials offer unique physical properties for thermal management, surpassing naturally occurring materials. Here, using van der Waals epitaxy, we demonstrate the ability to engineer extremely insulating ultra-thin thermal metamaterials based on crystalline lattice-mismatched Bi2Se3/MoSe2 superlattices and graphene/PdSe2 heterostructures with exceptional thermal resistances (70-202 m^2K/GW) and ultralow cross-plane thermal conductivities (0.01-0.07 Wm^-1K^-1) at room temperature, comparable to those of amorphous materials. Experimental data obtained using frequency-domain thermoreflectance and low-frequency Raman spectroscopy, supported by tight-binding phonon calculations, reveal the impact of lattice mismatch, phonon-interface scattering, size effects, temperature and interface thermal resistance on cross-plane heat dissipation, uncovering different thermal transport regimes and the dominant role of long-wavelength phonons. Our findings provide essential insights into emerging synthesis and thermal characterization methods and valuable guidance for the development of large-area heteroepitaxial van der Waals films of dissimilar materials with tailored thermal transport characteristics. Materials science ; Phonon ; van der Waals force ; Condensed matter physics ; Raman spectroscopy ; Thermal conductivity ; Heterojunction ; Amorphous solid ; Epitaxy ; Thermal ; Superlattice ; Nanotechnology ; Chemical physics ; Optoelectronics ; Optics ; Composite material ; Chemistry ; Thermodynamics ; Crystallography ; Physics Thermal properties of materials ; Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices ; Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies
Authors: JiBing Qiao | ZhaoXin Meng
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2023-05-24)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Research on Calibration of Moisture Diffusion Coefficient for Wood Drying Based on Drying Simulation Abstract When wood is dried below the fiber saturation point, moisture primarily undergoes non-steady-state diffusion. To establish a foundation for wood drying, this study employs the non-steady-state method. The moisture diffusion coefficient of birch wood was determined under specific experimental conditions, based on a drying reference. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation was employed to validate the findings. The results show that under the combined influence of moisture content and temperature, the moisture diffusion coefficients of birch wood are 2.36×10 − 5 cm 2 /s,2.09×10 − 5 cm 2 /s,1.88×10 − 5 cm 2 /s and 1.63×10 − 5 cm 2 /s. The integration of moisture diffusion coefficient calibration and wood drying simulation enables more precise prediction of moisture migration behavior in birch wood. The simulation results demonstrate that calibrating the moisture diffusion coefficients enhances the accuracy of wood drying simulation and offers valuable theoretical guidance for wood drying processes. Moisture ; Diffusion ; Water content ; Wood drying ; Materials science ; Calibration ; Saturation (graph theory) ; Composite material ; Environmental science ; Thermodynamics ; Geotechnical engineering ; Mathematics ; Physics ; Engineering Textile materials and evaluations ; Wood Treatment and Properties ; 3D Shape Modeling and Analysis
Authors: P. Pareek | Monoj Adhikari | Chandan Dasgupta | Saroj Kumar Nandi
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-05-29)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Different glassy characteristics are related to either caging or dynamical heterogeneity Despite the enormous theoretical and application interests, a fundamental understanding of the glassy dynamics remains elusive. The static properties of glassy and ordinary liquids are similar, but their dynamics are dramatically different. What leads to this difference is the central puzzle of the field. Even the primary defining glassy characteristics, their implications, and if they are related to a single mechanism remain unclear. This lack of clarity is a severe hindrance to theoretical progress. Here, we combine analytical arguments and simulations of various systems in different dimensions and address these questions. Our results suggest that the myriad of glassy features are manifestations of two distinct mechanisms. Particle caging controls the mean, and coexisting slow- and fast-moving regions govern the distribution of particle displacements. All the other glassy characteristics are manifestations of these two mechanisms; thus, the Fickian yet non-Gaussian nature of glassy liquids is not surprising. Our results have crucial implications on how the glassy dynamics data are analyzed, challenge some recent suggestions on the mechanisms governing gassy dynamics, and impose strict constraints that a correct theory of glasses must have. Statistical physics ; CLARITY ; Gaussian ; Dynamics (music) ; Mechanism (biology) ; Field (mathematics) ; Physics ; Mathematics ; Chemistry ; Quantum mechanics Material Dynamics and Properties ; Liquid Crystal Research Advancements ; Theoretical and Computational Physics
Authors: Takuma Akimoto | Eiji Yamamoto | Takashi Uneyama
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-05-19)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Estimating relaxation times from a single trajectory Complex systems such as protein conformational fluctuations and supercooled liquids exhibit a long relaxation time and are considered to posses multiple relaxation times. We analytically obtain the exact correlation function for stochastic processes with multiple relaxation times. We show that the time-averaged correlation function calculated by a trajectory whose length is shorter than the longest relaxation time exhibits an apparent aging behavior. We propose a method to extract relaxation times from a single trajectory. This method successfully extracts relaxation times of a stochastic process with multiple states when a state can be characterized by the values of the trajectory. As an application of this method, we estimate several relaxation times smaller than the longest relaxation time in conformational fluctuations of a small protein. Relaxation (psychology) ; Trajectory ; Supercooling ; Statistical physics ; Correlation function (quantum field theory) ; Function (biology) ; Physics ; Mathematics ; Chemistry ; Thermodynamics ; Quantum mechanics ; Biology thermodynamics and calorimetric analyses ; Protein Structure and Dynamics ; Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
Authors: Malavika Kayyil Veedu | Julia Osmólska | Agata Hajda | Joanna Olesiak‐Bańska | Jérôme Wenger
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-12-20)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Unveiling the photoluminescence dynamics of gold nanoclusters with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) have captured significant interest for their photoluminescent properties; however, their rapid photodynamics remain elusive while probed by ensemble-averaging spectroscopy techniques. To address this challenge, we use fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to uncover the photoluminescence dynamics of colloidal Au18(SG)14 nanoclusters. Our FCS analysis reveals the photoluminescence (PL) brightness per nanocluster, elucidating the impact of photoexcitation saturation and ligand interactions. Unlike DNA-encapsulated silver nanoclusters, the gold counterparts notably exhibit minimal blinking, with moderate amplitudes and 0.2 ms characteristic times. Our data also clearly reveal the occurrence of photon antibunching in the PL emission, showcasing the quantum nature of the PL process, with each AuNC acting as an individual quantum source. Using zero-mode waveguide nanoapertures, we achieve a 16-fold enhancement of the PL brightness of individual AuNCs. This constitutes an important enabling proof-of-concept for tailoring emission properties through nanophotonics. Overall, our study bridges the gap between ensemble-averaged techniques and single-molecule spectroscopy, offering new insights into AuNC photodynamics for biosensing and imaging applications. Nanoclusters ; Photoluminescence ; Spectroscopy ; Photoexcitation ; Fluorescence ; Materials science ; Quantum yield ; Quantum dot ; Chemical physics ; Brightness ; Fluorescence spectroscopy ; Photobleaching ; Nanotechnology ; Nanophotonics ; Photochemistry ; Optoelectronics ; Chemistry ; Physics ; Optics ; Atomic physics ; Excited state Nanocluster Synthesis and Applications ; Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications ; Advanced Nanomaterials in Catalysis
Authors: Hamdy Arkoub | Miaomiao Jin
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-01-23)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Impact of chemical short-range order on radiation damage in Fe-Ni-Cr alloys Chemical short-range order (CSRO), a form of nanoscale special atom arrangement, has been found to significantly alter material properties such as dislocation motion and defect dynamics in various alloys. Here, we use Fe-Ni-Cr alloys to demonstrate how CSRO affects defect properties and radiation behavior, based on extensive molecular dynamics simulations. Statistically significant results are obtained regarding radiation-induced defect propensity, defect clustering, and chemical mixing as a function of dose for three CSRO levels. The perfect random solution as an energetically unfavorable state (negative stacking fault energy) shows the strongest tendency to enable diffusion, while a high CSRO degree scenario generally reduces the effective defect diffusivity due to trapping effects, leading to distinct defect dynamics. Notably, in the high-CSRO scenario, interstitial clusters are Cr-rich and interstitial loops preferentially reside in/near the Cr-rich CSRO domains. It is also identified that CSRO is dynamically evolving in a decreasing or increasing manner upon continuous irradiation, reaching a steady-state value. These new understandings suggest the importance of incorporating the effect of CSRO in investigating radiation-driven microstructural evolution. Thermal diffusivity ; Dislocation ; Materials science ; Diffusion ; Stacking fault ; Molecular dynamics ; Radiation damage ; Range (aeronautics) ; Irradiation ; Fault (geology) ; Atom (system on chip) ; Radiation ; Chemical physics ; Chemistry ; Composite material ; Thermodynamics ; Computational chemistry ; Physics ; Optics ; Geology Fusion materials and technologies ; Nuclear Materials and Properties ; Ion-surface interactions and analysis
Authors: Rok Venturini | A. Sarkar | P. Šutar | Zvonko Jagličić | Yevhenii Vaskivskyi | Evgeny Goreshnik | D. Mihailović | T. Mertelj
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-09-05)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Unconventional photo-induced charge-density-wave dynamics in 2H-NbSe$_{2}$ We investigated temperature ($T$) dependent ultrafast near-infrared (NIR) transient reflectivity dynamics in coexisting superconducting (SC) and charge density wave (CDW) phases of two-dimensional 2H-NbSe$_{2}$ using NIR and visible excitations. With visible pump-photon excitation (400 nm) we find a slow high-energy quasiparticle relaxation channel which is present in all phases. In the CDW phase, we observe a distinctive transient response component, irrespective of the pump-photon energy. The component is marked by the absence of coherent amplitude mode oscillations and a relatively slow, picosecond rise time, which is different than in most of the typical CDW materials. In the SC phase, another tiny component emerges that is associated with optical suppression of the SC phase. The transient reflectivity relaxation in the CDW phase is dominated by phonon diffusive processes with an estimated low-$T$ heat diffusion constant anisotropy of $\sim30$. Strong excitation of the CDW phase reveals a weakly non-thermal CDW order parameter (OP) suppression. Unlike CDW systems with a larger gap, where the optical OP suppression involves only a small fraction of phonon degrees of freedom, the OP suppression in 2H-NbSe$_{2}$ is characterised by the excitation of a large amount of phonon degrees of freedom and significantly slower dynamics. Condensed matter physics ; Picosecond ; Phonon ; Quasiparticle ; Excitation ; Charge density wave ; Relaxation (psychology) ; Phase (matter) ; Photon energy ; Physics ; Atomic physics ; Optics ; Superconductivity ; Photon ; Quantum mechanics Organic and Molecular Conductors Research ; Solid-state spectroscopy and crystallography ; 2D Materials and Applications
Authors: Р. В. Бризицкий | NADEZHDA NIKOLAEVNA MAKSIMOVA | Anna Maslovskaya
Source: Журнал вычислительной математики и математической физики (article, 2023-09-01)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Inverse Problems for the Diffusion–Drift Model of Charging of an Inhomogeneous Polar Dielectric The problems of reconstructing the unknown parameters of the model of electron-induced charging of an inhomogeneous polar dielectric from additional information about the volume charge density distribution and the electric field strength are studied. Within the optimization approach, these inverse problems are reduced to control problems and their solvability is proved. For extremum problems, optimality systems are derived and, based on their analysis, local uniqueness of the solution of one of the considered problems is proved. Taking into account the introduced characteristic of the inhomogeneity of the dielectric, auxiliary results on the solvability and properties of solutions of the boundary value problem, obtained earlier for the model of charging of a homogeneous dielectric, are corrected. Dielectric ; Inverse ; Uniqueness ; Polar ; Inverse problem ; Boundary value problem ; Electric field ; Diffusion ; Mathematics ; Electron ; Mathematical analysis ; Physics ; Geometry ; Thermodynamics ; Quantum mechanics Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques ; Numerical methods in inverse problems ; Advanced Scientific Techniques and Applications