jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Najib Fatkhurokhman | Hanif Hidayat | Haris Nubli
Source: Jurnal Inovasi Mesin (article, 2026-02-07)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

The Effect of Variations In Clear Coat Application Distance On The Glitter of The Painting Results Painting defects in the repainting process in the vehicle body repair industry are still a common problem. The main factor causing painting defects is manual application that is not in accordance with standard operating procedures. Painting the vehicle body functions to protect the surface and increase aesthetic value, but there are still frequent painting defects such as rough surfaces, spots, and melting due to improper application. This study aims to examine the distance of application of clear coat to the quality of painting results with minimal defects. The research design used was an experimental research design with a variety of spraying distances of 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm and the measurement of the gloss value was carried out using a gloss meter. The results of the study show that the spraying distance greatly affects the gloss value of the painted results. A distance of 15 cm results in the best gloss value of 90.94 GU with no paint defects, while a distance of 25 cm results in the lowest gloss value of 58.50 GU with rough and dull surfaces. Too close a distance increases the shine power but has the potential to cause defects in the form of a melted clear coat layer. This study concluded that the optimal distance for spraying clear coats is 15 cm to achieve high-quality painting results Gloss (optics) ; Painting ; Coat ; Aesthetic value ; Minimum distance Material Selection and Properties ; Natural Products and Applications ; Occupational Health and Safety Management
Authors: Gurbhit Chaurakoti
Source: International Journal of Healthcare Education & Medical Informatics (article, 2026-01-27)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

A Review of Methods for Detecting Calcium Carbide Induced Ripening in Fruits The use of calcium carbide (CaC2) as a ripening agent for fruits is banned in most countries across the world, including India (under the prevention of Food Adulteration Act (PFA: 44 AA), 1955 and Food Safety and Standards Regulation Act, 2011). Yet, in our country; it is a common practice to use industrial-grade Calcium Carbide for ripening of climacteric fruits like mango, banana, papaya etc. which leaves behind traces of arsenic and phosphorus, along with heavy metals like Fe, Co, Hg, Pb etc. CaC2 reacts with moisture to produce acetylene gas, which accelerates the ripening process, but the byproducts of this process pose a severe threat to human health. Hence, there is a need of accessible and economically feasible methods for detecting CaC2 induced ripening in fruits, for all stakeholders in the fruit supply chain, especially the end consumer. This review investigates the utility, limitations, and underlying principles of key methods. While laboratory-based techniques like gas chromatography-mass spectrometry are highly accurate, they are time-consuming and destructive. Sensor-based and colorimetric methods target residues of CaC2, arsenic, and the VOC (volatile organic compound) profile of fruit. Spectroscopy based methods have been explored, including the more accurate hyperspectral imaging and the low-cost, portable sensors in the visible-near infrared wavelength band, which show potential for hand-held applications. Ripening ; Calcium carbide ; Climacteric ; Postharvest ; Calcium ; Acetylene ; Hyperspectral imaging Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies ; Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging
Authors: F. Karamoddin | S. M. Seyyedbarzegar | A. Samani
Source: International Journal of Engineering (article, 2026-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Condition Monitoring of Silicone Rubber Insulators Using Criteria Established through Wavelet Transform Analysis The condition assessment of silicon rubber insulators has always been a crucial requirement in power systems. Utilizing leakage current as a fast and online method has played a significant role in this regard. However, variations in operating conditions can lead to substantial errors in decisions regarding insulator condition. Under the influence of environmental conditions on the leakage current, it is difficult to define criteria capable of distinguishing different operating conditions. In this regard, achieving a model with minimal complexity for decision-making is considered as a suitable solution. In this study, an index based on leakage current is presented to categorize the performance of insulators into three states: normal, caution, and critical. For this purpose, experimental data were practically collected under light, medium, and heavy pollution conditions in varying humidity levels up to 90%. All tests were performed under different environmental conditions on healthy and aged insulators to investigate the effect of surface degradation on leakage current and their harmonic components. To analyze the leakage current, wavelet transform was employed, and the standard deviation of wavelet detail coefficients was used. Also, distinguishing a healthy insulator from one that has been aged by UV radiation based on detail coefficients is introduced in this paper. From the wavelet transform results, it appears that a D6 standard deviation above 0.01 reliably separates healthy insulators from aged ones. Furthermore, by using the standard deviation of D7 and defining threshold limits for healthy and aged insulators, it became possible to differentiate their performance. In order to evaluate the accuracy and sensitivity of the proposed indicators, the confusion matrix was used, which is able to distinguish different operating conditions with an accuracy of 89.58%. Silicone rubber ; Wavelet transform ; Insulator (electricity) ; Standard deviation ; Leakage (economics) ; Wavelet ; Condition monitoring ; Threshold limit value High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation ; Electrical Fault Detection and Protection
Authors: Maria Cheremkhina | Aaron Babendreyer | Christopher T. Neullens | S. Krapp | Alessa Pabst | K Ohl | Stephan Ruetten | Andreas Ludwig | Christian Cornélissen | Stefan Jockenhoevel | Klaus Tenbrock | Anja Lena Thiebes
Source: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology (article, 2026-04-09)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Modelling inflammatory endothelial dysfunction: a human in vitro platform for translational research Introduction Systemic inflammation presents a significant challenge to the long-term function of biohybrid implants. While endothelialisation of biohybrid implants has been shown to improve device hemocompatibility, its feasibility under the influence of patients’ inflammatory status remains largely unexplored. To investigate this, we developed a controlled in vitro model which allows to study endothelial dysfunction under inflammatory stress. Methods Endothelial cells were cultured on polydimethylsiloxane under physiological shear stress and exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), mimicking systemic inflammation at the blood-material interface. Endothelial morphology and confluence was assessed using immunohistochemistry and scanning electron microscopy. Leukocyte adhesion was evaluated directly as well as indirectly, using flow cytometry to analyse cell adhesion molecules. Quantitative PCR was used for gene expression analysis of inflammatory mediators. Results Notably, neither LPS nor PBMCs alone induced endothelial disruption under shear stress, whereas their combination significantly impaired endothelial confluence. Inflammatory activation led to substantial loss of endothelial confluence, increased leukocyte adhesion, and elevated expression of adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin. Gene expression analysis further highlighted the upregulation of inflammatory mediators, such as IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and MCP-1. Discussion This study underscores the challenges of implementing endothelialisation in biohybrid devices, particularly in patients with systemic inflammation. By considering translational hurdles, this work contributes to the development of clinically viable biohybrid constructs and highlights the importance of considering inflammatory dynamics when designing next-generation implants. Inflammation ; Adhesion ; Lipopolysaccharide ; Peripheral blood mononuclear cell ; Endothelium ; Endothelial stem cell ; Flow cytometry ; In vitro Polymer Surface Interaction Studies ; Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications ; Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
Authors: Yukun Ma | Yi Tian | Tian Tian | Juntang Huang
Source: Applied Sciences (article, 2026-02-28)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Research on Ultrasonic Imaging of Defects in Insulating Materials Based on the SAFT As a critical barrier for power network safety, insulating materials are susceptible to internal microcracks, delamination, and other hidden defects that can trigger dielectric strength degradation and space charge accumulation, ultimately leading to insulation breakdown. Ultrasonic shear wave non-destructive testing enables defect identification without damaging the material. Therefore, this paper focuses on the identification and imaging of internal defects in insulating components using ultrasonic shear waves. First, a physical model for ultrasonic shear wave NDT is established. Based on the refraction and reflection characteristics of ultrasonic waves in materials with different acoustic impedances, a defect localization formula is derived. Through simulation verification, for the three defects set at different positions in the defect model, the positioning error is less than 0.5 mm. Subsequently, defects such as circular holes, triangular shapes, cracks, and bottom grooves were simulated. Analysis of the echo data revealed a correlation between the distance from the sensor to the defect and the echo amplitude. For groove defect imaging, the differential SAFT algorithm was employed, achieving a width error of 1 mm for imaging a 2 mm wide by 5 mm high groove, clearly presenting the defect morphology. Finally, an imaging software program for defect structure reconstruction was developed based on the simulation model presented in this article. We collected side and back view data through the constructed ultrasonic transverse wave non-destructive testing experimental platform, and visualized defects in insulation materials with grooves using this ultrasonic imaging program. This study achieved defect localization and imaging through simulation of various defect types combined with synthetic aperture focused imaging algorithms, providing a reference for visualization and industrial application of ultrasonic shear wave non-destructive testing technology. Ultrasonic sensor ; Ultrasonic testing ; Nondestructive testing ; Reflection (computer programming) ; Transverse plane ; Transverse wave ; Shear waves High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation ; Non-Destructive Testing Techniques
Authors: Une Kontrimaite | Kei F Carver Wong | Sandra Martínez-Jarquín | Phoebe McCrorie | Ruman Rahman | Dong-Hyun Kim
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (article, 2026-01-14)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Single-Cell Metabolic Profiling in a Glioblastoma Co-culture Model Using AP-MALDI-based Mass Spectrometry Imaging Abstract Mass spectrometry imaging enables spatially resolved, label-free detection of metabolites in tissue and culture systems, providing insight into their metabolic landscape and spatial distribution. However, conventional approaches often lack the spatial resolution and specificity needed to investigate metabolic heterogeneity at the single-cell level, particularly in physiologically relevant models. Here, we present a single-cell ambient mass spectrometry imaging platform, enabling direct chemical mapping of metabolites at 10 μm resolution. This method integrates cell labelling, high resolution microscopy and AP-MALDI Orbitrap mass spectrometry imaging to achieve cell-type-specific metabolite profiling. To demonstrate its application, we applied this approach to glioblastoma (GBM), an aggressive adult brain tumour characterised by cellular heterogeneity, metabolic adaptation, and infiltrative growth within the tumour microenvironment. A co-culture model combining patient-derived glioblastoma invasive-margin cells with human cortical astrocytes was used to recapitulate the invasive niche. Distinct metabolic signatures emerged upon glioblastoma–astrocyte interaction, involving pathways related to nucleotide metabolism, phospholipid and sphingolipid turnover, and tryptophan and tyrosine metabolism. These findings suggest cell-type-specific metabolic activity and potential intercellular metabolic interplay. Overall, this workflow offers a broadly accessible and robust approach for investigating metabolic heterogeneity at cellular resolution, enabling insights into metabolic interactions of heterogenous cell types in both disease and non-disease settings. Metabolic pathway ; Mass spectrometry imaging ; Metabolomics ; Metabolite ; Metabolome ; Metabolic network ; Mass spectrometry ; Glioblastoma Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Authors: Ruifan Huang | Shangchu Shi | Meng Sun | Rui Yang | Yizhen Lin | Mingzhong Wu | M. -Zheng Zhang | Sergey Maksimenko | Xunjun He
Source: Nanomaterials (article, 2026-03-09)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Dynamic Wavefront Manipulation Enabled with VO2-Based Reflective Terahertz Metasurfaces Dynamic wavefront control plays a crucial role in advancing terahertz (THz) high-precision non-destructive testing, wireless communication and high-resolution imaging. However, existing approaches to THz dynamic wavefront control suffer from inherent limitations, such complex structures, narrow operational bandwidth, and the ability to tune only a single function, significantly restricting their practical applications. To overcome these challenges, we propose a dynamic reflective THz metasurface based on nested split-ring unit cells. The nested unit cell consists of an outer double-split VO<sub>2</sub> ring resonator and an inner single-split aluminum ring deposited on a central VO<sub>2</sub> circular patch. By, respectively, rotating the inner and outer rings in the insulator and metal states of VO<sub>2</sub>, independent full 2π phase coverage at 1.07 THz can be achieved in both VO<sub>2</sub> states while maintaining high polarization-conversion efficiency with a PCR exceeding 0.98, thereby enabling efficient dynamic wavefront control. Using these unit cells, we constructed three distinct reflective metasurfaces that, respectively, generate broadband focusing beams with tunable focal lengths, broadband vortex beams with different topological charges, and a broadband beam that can be switched between focusing and vortex modes by changing the state of VO<sub>2</sub>. The design offers considerable flexibility for developing compact, multifunctional THz devices, with promising potential for integrated THz systems, high-capacity communications, and high-resolution imaging. Terahertz radiation ; Wavefront ; Broadband ; Resonator ; Metamaterial ; Reconfigurability ; Beam (structure) ; Wavefront sensor Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research ; Random lasers and scattering media
Authors: Tengfei Li | Qin Xu | Kai Gao | Zhiwen Yuan | Junjie Chen | King C. Li
Source: Energies (article, 2026-03-17)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Review of Insulation Defect Detection Methods for a Gas-Insulated Switchgear Gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) is a critical component of modern power systems. During operation, internal defects increase the probability of partial discharge and flashover within the insulation system, thereby constituting a major cause of equipment failure. Considering the diversity of existing GIS insulation condition monitoring methods, it is of great significance to systematically review and evaluate current monitoring technologies. This paper summarizes the detection principles and recent advances in electrical, acoustic, optical, modal analysis, and gas component analysis techniques. Through a comparative analysis of the advantages, limitations, and application scenarios of different methods, in conjunction with failure cases induced by typical GIS insulation defects, the primary bottlenecks faced by various condition monitoring technologies are discussed. Furthermore, future research directions for GIS insulation condition detection are outlined. This study provides a reference for the development of GIS insulation monitoring technologies and the formulation of efficient operation and maintenance strategies. Switchgear ; Partial discharge ; Condition monitoring ; Arc flash ; Troubleshooting ; Component (thermodynamics) ; Modal High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation ; Power System Reliability and Maintenance
Authors: Yana Gvozdeva
Source: Folia Medica (article, 2026-02-24)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Development and validation of a UV-spectrophotometric method for determination of an ACE inhibitor in pharmaceutical formulations Abstract. Fosinopril ; Detection limit ; Dosage form ; Sodium ; ACE inhibitor ; Absorbance Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals ; Pharmaceutical Quality and Counterfeiting ; Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
Authors: Qianjin Gan | Zhongqi Feng | Deng Zhang | Shibang Ma | Xiu Yang | Xukun Yin
Source: Sensors (article, 2026-02-24)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

High-Flow-Rate Trace Formaldehyde Detection Based on Ultraviolet Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Using a Long Resonant Photoacoustic Cell Formaldehyde (H<sub>2</sub>CO) is a hazardous volatile organic compound widely present in indoor and industrial environments, and its real-time, highly sensitive detection is essential for environmental safety. However, existing detection techniques often face challenges in simultaneously achieving high sensitivity and long-term stability, and many conventional photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) systems rely strongly on low gas flow rates to suppress flow-induced noise, which limits their applicability for continuous online monitoring. In this work, an ultraviolet photoacoustic spectroscopy (UV-PAS)-based H<sub>2</sub>CO detection system operating in a nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>) background is developed. The system integrates a compact differential photoacoustic cell (PAC) with a 320 nm ultraviolet laser source, in which the resonator length and buffer configuration are carefully optimized to enhance acoustic resonance and effectively suppress flow-related disturbances. Notably, a key innovation of this study is that the system maintains a stable photoacoustic response even under relatively high gas flow conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that at a flow rate of 250 sccm, the photoacoustic signal amplitude remains stable, and the noise level is well controlled, significantly reducing the dependence of conventional PAS systems on low-flow operation. The photoacoustic cell exhibits a resonant frequency of 1767 Hz and a quality factor of 46. Calibration using a 47.31 ppm H<sub>2</sub>CO:N<sub>2</sub> gas mixture shows a good linear response with a correlation coefficient of R<sup>2</sup> = 0.98844. The minimum detection limit reaches 2.50 ppm at a 1 s integration time and is further improved to 88.1 ppb at an integration time of 2202 s based on Allan-Werle deviation analysis. These results demonstrate that the proposed UV-PAS system provides a sensitive, stable, and cost-effective solution for real-time trace H<sub>2</sub>CO detection while retaining robust performance at elevated gas flow rates, highlighting its strong potential for practical applications. Photoacoustic spectroscopy ; Detection limit ; Time delay and integration ; Ultraviolet ; Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine ; Photoacoustic effect ; Spectroscopy ; Trace gas ; SIGNAL (programming language) ; Resonator Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Combustion and flame dynamics ; Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
Authors: Naveen Kumar K. | Raghavendra G. Deshpande | H. S. Siddesha
Source: Engineering Technology & Applied Science Research (article, 2026-04-04)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Optimizing Venting and Squeegee in Tire Molds for Enhanced Two-Wheeler and Three-Wheeler Performance Tire quality directly influences vehicle safety, handling, comfort, and stability in two- and three-wheelers, where limited contact patches and compact geometries amplify performance sensitivity. This study presents the first systematic co-optimization of squeegee cementing (component bonding during tire building) and mold venting, two relatively underexplored manufacturing processes, to reduce defects and enhance tire performance. Using a Resolution IV fractional factorial design with 320 experimental tires, optimal squeegee parameters (2.4 MPa pressure, 33° angle, 28°C temperature, 165 mm/s speed) and venting configuration (0.45 mm diameter vents, 2.2 vents per 100 cm², feature-focused distribution) were identified. Optimized squeegee conditions reduced bonding-related defects by 64.2% (95% CI: 58.7%–69.1%), while optimized venting reduced air-entrapment defects by 71.6% (95% CI: 66.3%–76.2%). Combined optimization achieved a 67.8% overall defect reduction (95% CI: 62.9%–72.3%), outperforming broader quality-improvement approaches (57.8%). Performance enhancements included a 36.5% increase in uniformity, a 12.4% reduction in rolling resistance, a 16.8% increase in wet grip, and a 48.9% increase in tread separation force, while process capability improved substantially (Cp: 0.68 → 1.62; Cpk: 0.52 → 1.48). For an annual production volume of 50,000 tires, total manufacturing costs decreased by 7.2%, corresponding to a payback period of 2.8 months. These results provide manufacturers with experimentally validated process parameters to enhance quality, performance, and economic efficiency in the production of two- and three-wheeler tires. Tread ; Mold ; Reduction (mathematics) ; Volume (thermodynamics) ; Factorial experiment ; Process (computing) ; Cost reduction ; Production cost Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties ; Tunneling and Rock Mechanics ; Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation
Authors: Qinghao Mao | Michael van der Naald | Abhinendra Singh | Heinrich M. Jaeger
Source: ArXiv.org (article, 2026-03-13)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Constraint ratio controls viscosity in shear thickening suspensions The dramatic viscosity increase observed in dense suspensions under shear poses a major challenge in our understanding of how microscopic contact mechanics translate into macroscopic flow resistance. Here, we introduce a constraint-counting model that incorporates friction and dimensionality naturally without additional assumptions and allows for collapsing of rheological data onto a universal master curve. In this model, we borrow ideas from dry granular jamming physics and classify contacts as either locked or non-locked to define a single state variable, the constraint ratio, which measures the average strength of mechanical constraint per particle. By identifying the constraint ratio as the key control parameter, our framework provides a unifying route toward predictive modeling and rational design of shear-thickening materials. Rheology ; Constraint (computer-aided design) ; Viscosity ; Curse of dimensionality ; Dilatant ; Flow (mathematics) ; Shear (geology) ; Rheometry ; Shear flow ; Jamming Material Dynamics and Properties ; Granular flow and fluidized beds ; Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications