jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Constance Obiuto Nwankwo
Source: International Journal of Engineering Research and (article, 2018-08-29)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Corrosion Rate Models for Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems: A Numerical Approach Corrosion Rate Models for Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems: A Numerical Approach - written by Constance Obiuto Nwankwo , Christopher C. Ihueze published on 2018/07/30 download full article with reference data and citations Corrosion ; Pipeline (software) ; Petroleum engineering ; Materials science ; Computer science ; Metallurgy ; Engineering Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition ; Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis ; Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals
Authors: Jonas Franz | Jonas Grünebaum | Marcus Schäfer | Dennis Mulac | Florian Rehfeldt | Klaus Langer | Armin Kramer | Christoph Riethmüller
Source: PLoS ONE (article, 2018-01-10)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Rhombic organization of microvilli domains found in a cell model of the human intestine Symmetry is rarely found on cellular surfaces. An exception is the brush border of microvilli, which are essential for the proper function of transport epithelia. In a healthy intestine, they appear densely packed as a 2D-hexagonal lattice. For in vitro testing of intestinal transport the cell line Caco-2 has been established. As reported by electron microscopy, their microvilli arrange primarily in clusters developing secondly into a 2D-hexagonal lattice. Here, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed under aqueous buffer conditions on Caco-2 cells, which were cultivated on permeable filter membranes for optimum differentiation. For analysis, the exact position of each microvillus was detected by computer vision; subsequent Fourier transformation yielded the type of 2D-lattice. It was confirmed, that Caco-2 cells can build a hexagonal lattice of microvilli and form clusters. Moreover, a second type of arrangement was discovered, namely a rhombic lattice, which appeared at sub-maximal densities of microvilli with (29 ± 4) microvilli / μm2. Altogether, the findings indicate the existence of a yet undescribed pattern in cellular organization. Microvillus ; Hexagonal lattice ; Hexagonal crystal system ; Lattice (music) ; Brush border ; Biophysics ; Crystallography ; Electron microscope ; Chemistry ; Nanotechnology ; Biology ; Materials science ; Membrane ; Physics ; Condensed matter physics ; Vesicle ; Biochemistry ; Optics Electrostatics and Colloid Interactions ; Polymer Surface Interaction Studies ; Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
Authors: Asia Khatoon
Source: International Journal of Agriculture and Biology (article, 2018-02-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Comparative Analysis of Fiber Morphogenesis Genes of Calotropis procera and Gossypium hirsutum Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the leading fiber crop in the world. The earnings from fiber lint are associated with its quality traits. For studying the major fiber development specific genes, cDNA libraries were used to establish 1000 EST's (expressed sequence tags), each from the fast-growing fibers of Calotropis procera and Gossypium hirsutum L. Most abundantly expressed transcripts of C. procera coded for expansins, aquaporins and sugar/salt transporters. Four homologs of expansin gene (CpEXPA1, CpEXPA2, CpEXPA3 and CpEXPA4) and four of aquaporins (CpTiP1, CpTiP2, CpPiP1 and CpPiP2) were found to be the most abundantly expressed transcripts in fast growing C. procera fiber cells. Cotton fiber EST's revealed two homologs of expansin, one for G. hirsutum plasma membrane intrinsic protein (GhPiP1) and one transcript for sucrose synthase. The GhPiP1 had 70% amino acid identity to CpPiP1, while no homolog was detected for CpPiP2 in cotton fibers. Real-time PCR data showed that CpPiP1 had about 40% higher transcript level of the gene in C. procera as compared to cotton. CpPiP2 showed high level of transcripts in C. procera fiber only. On the other hand, CpEXPA3 was the closest homologue of GhEXP15 (76% amino acid identity) and its transcript level was 80% higher in C. procera fibers. Expression of sucrose synthase was at its high level in 5-15 DPA cotton fibers. These studies demonstrated that CpPiP2, CpEXPA3 and sucrose synthase are the best candidate genes for fiber modification in G. hirsutum. Calotropis procera ; Biology ; Gossypium hirsutum ; Botany ; Morphogenesis ; Gene ; Agronomy ; Biotechnology ; Genetics Phytochemistry and Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Fariba Safaei | Shahla Khalili | Saied Nouri Khorasani | Laleh Ghasemi‐Mobarakeh | Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany
Source: Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering (article, 2018-01-08)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Porogen Effect of Solvents on Pore Size Distribution of Solvent-Casted Polycaprolactone Thin Films In this study, the effect of porogenic solvents on pore size distribution of the polycaprolactone (PCL) thin films was investigated. Five thin PCL films were prepared using the solvent-casting method. Chloroform, Methylene Chloride (MC) and three different compositions of MC/ Dimethylformamide (DMF) (80/20, 50/50 and 20/80) were used as solvents. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) investigations were employed to study morphology and consequently the pore size distribution of the prepared films. The PCL films made by chloroform and MC as a solvent were completely non-porous. Whereas the other films (made by a combination of MC and DMF) showed both uni-modal and bi-modal pore size distributions. Polycaprolactone ; Solvent ; Materials science ; Dimethylformamide ; Scanning electron microscope ; Chloroform ; Chemical engineering ; Porosity ; Casting ; Thin film ; Methylene ; Polymer chemistry ; Composite material ; Chromatography ; Chemistry ; Polymer ; Organic chemistry ; Nanotechnology Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization ; Conducting polymers and applications ; Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
Authors: Lisda Rimayani Nasution | Muchlisyam Bachri | Effendy De Lux Putra
Source: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research (article, 2018-05-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ISONIAZID AND PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM BY SPECTROPHOTOMETRY ULTRAVIOLET WITH AREA UNDER CURVE METHOD Objective: This study aimed to develop spectrophotometry ultraviolet (UV) method by area under curve (AUC) to determine the levels of isoniazid (INH) and pyridoxine hydrochloride (PDX) in commercial tablets.Methods: Spectrophotometry UV method by AUC tested is carried out by optimizing the type of solvent, methanol, mixture of methanol, and phosphate buffer pH 4, pH 5, and pH 6 at a ratio of 90:10. The AUC value of each spectrum in various concentrations is calculated to selected wavelength range analysis. Then, this method was applied to determine the levels of INH and PDX in commercial tablets.Results: The application of AUC spectrophotometry UV method for determining the levels of INH and PDX was performed on wavelength range 262.2–272.2 nm and 289.8–299.8 nm, respectively. The selection of wavelengths based on wavelengths gives the best result. The mean % recoveries were found to be at 99.69% and 101.09% for INH and PDX, respectively.Conclusion: The method is successfully applied to analyze INH and PDX in pharmaceutical formulation simultaneously with no interference from excipients as indicated by all validation parameters which were within the acceptable range. Spectrophotometry ; Isoniazid ; Chemistry ; Chromatography ; Pyridoxine Hydrochloride ; Pyridoxine ; Dosage form ; Pharmaceutical formulation ; Ultraviolet ; Methanol ; Solvent ; Materials science ; Medicine ; Organic chemistry ; Biochemistry Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Georgia Charkoftaki | Nicholas J. W. Rattray | Per E. Andrén | Richard M. Caprioli | Steve Castellino | Mark W. Duncan | Richard J. A. Goodwin | Kevin L. Schey | Sheerin Shahidi-Latham | Kirill Veselkov | Caroline H. Johnson | Vasilis Vasiliou
Source: Human Genomics (article, 2018-02-26)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Yale School of Public Health Symposium on tissue imaging mass spectrometry: illuminating phenotypic heterogeneity and drug disposition at the molecular level ‘A picture is worth a thousand words’ is an idiom from the English language (‘borrowed’ from on old Chinese proverb) that conveys the notion that a complex idea can be succinctly and fully described by a single image. Never has this expression been truer than in the clinical and pharmaceutical arenas. Enormous strides have been made by the scientific community in the evolving field of biomedical imaging with the aim of representing and/or quantifying aspects of disease and drug action by using tools such as radiography, MRI, PET, and ultrasound. Yet linking the phenotypical data generated by these systems to the genome is a challenging task. Identifying the link between the mechanism of disease or failed drug response to the genome of an individual is difficult, because central pieces of information are missing. However, imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) can overcome this issue. IMS aims to detect the molecular constituents of the tissue; these can then be correlated with genome-related characteristics, such as gene expression patterns and possible mutations, and ultimately provide a phenotypic molecular link to the complex disease biology. The big data technology of IMS can generate spatial information of thousands of metabolites and proteins from within a tissue, facilitating a deeper understanding of the connections between the genome, phenotypic characteristics and the biological response. It is a technology that has the potential to serve as a segue between gene expression and observed biological signal. Genome ; Computational biology ; Phenotype ; Biology ; Systems biology ; Precision medicine ; Disease ; Human genetics ; Human genome ; Mass spectrometry imaging ; Data science ; Gene ; Genetics ; Computer science ; Medicine ; Pathology ; Mass spectrometry ; Chemistry Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies ; Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications
Authors: Mozhgan Ziaei | Mohammad Ghane | Hossein Hasani | Ahmad Saboonchi
Source: Thermal Science (article, 2018-10-02)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Investigation into the effect of fabric structure on surface temperature distribution in weft-knitted fabrics using thermal imaging technique The aim of this paper was to evaluate the surface temperature distribution in several single and double jersey weft-knitted fabrics. Plain knitted fabrics as well as those with, double cross-tuck, cross-tuck, double cross-miss, and cross-miss pattern together with plain rib and interlock structures were under consideration in term of their structural differences. In order to investigate the temperature distribution in produced samples, all the fabrics were placed on a 35?C adjusted hot plate instrument and thermal images were captured by an infrared thermal camera. The results revealed that the presence of tuck stitches in single jersey weft-knitted fabrics increase the air permeability due to the increasing the fabrics? porosity, which in turn leads to decrease their thermal resistance as compared with plain knitted structure. On the other hand, addition of miss stitches in single jersey knitted structures would decrease the thickness of fabrics and improves their heat transfer ability. The obtained results, from rib and interlock knitted structures, suggested their lower heat conductivity in comparison to the single jersey knitted samples. Materials science ; Composite material ; Thermal conductivity ; Air permeability specific surface ; Porosity ; Interlock ; Fabric structure ; Thermal ; Thermal resistance ; Heat transfer ; Structural engineering ; Mechanics ; Meteorology ; Engineering ; Layer (electronics) Textile materials and evaluations ; Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers ; Color Science and Applications
Authors: Lesly Paradina Fernández | Romina Brasca | Mirta R. Alcaráz | María J. Culzoni
Source: Microchemical Journal (article, 2018-05-09)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

High-throughput chemometrically assisted flow-injection method for the simultaneous determination of multi-antiretrovirals in water Nevirapine ; Efavirenz ; Analyte ; Chromatography ; Chemistry ; Lamivudine ; Detection limit ; Abacavir ; Emtricitabine ; Reverse-transcriptase inhibitor ; Extraction (chemistry) ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ; Reverse transcriptase ; Antiretroviral therapy ; Viral load ; Virology Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography ; Biosensors and Analytical Detection ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Authors: Boško Miloš | Aleksandra Bensa
Source: Poljoprivreda (article, 2018-06-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Prediction of organic carbon and calcium carbonates in agricultural soils with Vis-NIR spectroscopy for screening of the CaCO 3 and SOC content. Soil water ; Total organic carbon ; Environmental chemistry ; Carbon fibers ; Spectroscopy ; Calcium ; Soil carbon ; Environmental science ; Agriculture ; Chemistry ; Soil science ; Materials science ; Organic chemistry ; Ecology Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Mineral Processing and Grinding ; Soil Geostatistics and Mapping
Authors: Ilyas Khurshid | Sajid Ahmad | Rashid Nawaz | Muhammad Arshad | Muhammad Ejaz Ul Islam Dar | Muhammad Imran | Fahid Aslam | Ramdziah Md. Nasir | Ghulam Mustafa Shah | Naveed Ahmad | MALIK ASGHAR NAEEM
Source: Applied Ecology and Environmental Research (article, 2018-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

DEVELOPMENT OF FIRE BRICKS FROM ORGANIC WASTE: AN ECO-FRIENDLY ENERGY SOLUTION The growing population poses serious threats not only to forests but also to the overall environment due to fuel and wood consumption used for various purposes. However, converting organic waste into fire bricks could be a useful step towards alternative energy sources. In the present study, fire bricks were prepared using organic waste i.e., cardboard, rice husk, saw dust, cow dung and newspapers. Firstly, the brick manufacturing materials were soaked in water in various ratios and converted into paste with mortar and pestle to make bricks. Secondly, the fire bricks were analyzed for gas emissions, burning time period, flue gas temperature and net efficiency. The results reveal that gas emissions were below the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS). Moreover, the results were also compared with a commonly used fuel wood (Vachellia karroo) to calculate the statistical variations for various parameters. Thus, the net efficiency range of fire bricks was from 39.7 to 58.9%, significantly higher than that of the fuel wood. The flue gas temperature varied from 230 to 430 C. Therefore, the bricks were found to have high heat intensity, to be easy to use, and to have needed small space for their storage. Additionally, fire bricks are cost-effective compared to fuel wood. It is concluded that high quality and durable fire bricks can be made while using a combination of rice husk and newspapers (RHNP), rice husk and cardboard (RHCB), sawdust and cardboard (SDCB), cow dung and cardboard (CDCB), cow dung and newspapers (CDNP), sawdust and cow dung (SDCD) in a ratio of 2:3. It is due to all these benefits, that fire bricks were considered eco-friendlier in efficiency than fuel wood. Environmentally friendly ; Waste management ; Environmental science ; Engineering Flame retardant materials and properties ; Fire dynamics and safety research ; Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production
Authors: Fenghua Yu | Wen Du | Zhonghui Guo | ChangXian Zhou | Dingkang Wang | Tongyu Xu
Source: International Journal of Precision Agricultural Aviation (article, 2018-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

UAV hyperspectral inversion modeling of rice nitrogen content based on WOA-ELM Nitrogen content is an important indicator of the growth status of the rice in cold region.Â It can be obtained in time using UAV hyperspectral remote sensing technology at a regional scale.Â This study is based on the remote sensing test data of the rice in precision agriculture aviation team experiment station of Shenyang Agricultural University from 2018.Â The method of Sequent Projection Approach (SPA) was used to extract the effective band including 465 nm, 501 nm, 578 nm, 702 nm and 783 nm.Â The extracted characteristic band is used as the input, and the inversion models of nitrogen content in rice canopy were established respectively by using the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), and the Extreme Learning Machine by genetic algorithm (GA-ELM) and by Whale optimization algorithm (WOA-ELM).Â The results showed that the precision of the nitrogen content of rice based on the WOA-ELM was better than the inversion model established by ELM and GA-ELM.Â The R 2 of training data is 0.887, the R 2 of test data is 0.880, the RMSE of training data is 0.269, the RMSE of test data is 0.284.Â This study provides a certain data support and application basis for the diagnosis of rice nitrogen content in cold region by UAV hyperspectral remote sensing technology in northeastChina. Keywords: UAV, nitrogen content, rice in cold region, hyperspectral, WOA-ELM DOI: Â 10.33440/j.ijpaa.20190202.39. Â Citation: Yu F H, Du W, Guo Z H, Zhou C X, Wang D K, Xu T Y. Â UAV hyperspectral inversion modeling of rice nitrogen content based on WOA-ELM. Â Int J Precis Agric Aviat, 2019; 2(2): 43â€“48. Hyperspectral imaging ; Extreme learning machine ; Environmental science ; Remote sensing ; Canopy ; Nitrogen ; Computer science ; Algorithm ; Mathematics ; Artificial intelligence ; Chemistry ; Botany ; Geology ; Biology Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis ; Remote Sensing and Land Use
Authors: Dipankar Mandal
Source: Preprints.org (preprint, 2018-04-11)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System Based Grading of Basmati Rice Grains Using Image Processing Technique Grading of rice grains has gain attentions due its requirement of quality assessment during import or export. Rice grain quality depends on milling operation, where rice hull is removed with a huller system followed by whitening operation. In such process, adjustment of rollers, control, and operation is important in terms of quality of milled rice. Especially, the basmati rice needed more quality assurance as it is not parboiled rice and exported globally with a high product value. In this present work, the basic problem of quality assessment in rice industry is addressed with digital image processing based technique. Machine vision and digital image processing provide an alternative with the automated, nondestructive, cost-effective, and fast approach as compared with traditional method which is done manually by human inspectors. A model of quality grade testing and identification is built based on morphological features using digital image processing and knowledge based adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The qualities of rice kernels are determined with the help of shape descriptors and geometric features using the sample images of milled rice. The adopted technique has been tested on a sufficient number of training images of basmati rice grain. The proposed method gives a promising result in an evaluation of rice quality with 100% classification accuracy for broken and whole grain. The milling efficiency is also assessed using the ratio between head rice and broken rice percentage and it is 77.27% for the test sample. The overall results of the adopted methodology are promising in terms of classification accuracy and efficiency. Artificial intelligence ; Computer science ; Image processing ; Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system ; Quality assurance ; Automation ; Grading (engineering) ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Visual inspection ; Digital image processing ; Digital image ; Fuzzy logic ; Computer vision ; Engineering ; Fuzzy control system ; Image (mathematics) Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; GABA and Rice Research
Authors: Yassene Mohammed | Magnus Palmblad
Source: Journal of Separation Science (article, 2018-07-26)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Visualization and application of amino acid retention coefficients obtained from modeling of peptide retention We introduce a method for data inspection in liquid separations of peptides using amino acid retention coefficients and their relative change across experiments. Our method allows for the direct comparison between actual experimental conditions, regardless of sample content and without the use of internal standards. The modeling uses linear regression of peptide retention time as a function of amino acid composition. We demonstrate the pH dependency of the model in a control experiment where the pH of the mobile phase was changed in controlled way. We introduce a score to identify the false discovery rate on peptide spectrum match level that corresponds to the set of most robust models, i.e. to maximize the shared agreement between experiments. We demonstrate the method utility in reversed-phase liquid chromatography using 24 datasets with minimal peptide overlap. We apply our method on datasets obtained from a public repository representing various separation designs, including one-dimensional reversed-phase liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry, and two-dimensional online strong cation exchange coupled to reversed-phase liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry, and highlight new insights. Our method provides a simple yet powerful way to inspect data quality, in particular for multidimensional separations, improving comparability of data at no additional experimental cost. Chemistry ; Chromatography ; Tandem mass spectrometry ; Mass spectrometry ; Tandem ; Peptide ; Retention time ; Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Comparability ; Biological system ; Computer science ; Mathematics ; Materials science Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications