jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Kanka Ghosh | Andreas M. Menzel
Source: Journal of Applied Physics (article, 2026-03-18)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Mechanically concealed holes When a hole is introduced into an elastic material, it will usually act to reduce the overall mechanical stiffness. A general ambition is to investigate whether a stiff shell around the hole can act to maintain the overall mechanical properties. We consider this effect from a macroscopic continuum perspective down to atomistic scales. For this purpose, we focus on the basic continuum example situation of an isotropic, homogeneous, linearly elastic material loaded uniformly under compressive plane strain for low concentrations of holes. As we demonstrate, the thickness of the shell can be adjusted in a way to maintain the overall stiffness of the system. We derive a corresponding mathematical expression for the thickness of the shell that conceals the hole. Thus, one can work with given materials to mask the presence of the holes simply by adjusting the thickness of the surrounding shells, with no need to change the materials. Our predictions from linear elasticity continuum theory are extended to atomistic levels using molecular dynamics simulations of a model Lennard-Jones solid. These extensions attest the robustness of our predictions down to atomistic scales. Thus, they open a straightforward possibility to adjust the strategy of mechanical cloaking via atomistic manipulations. From both perspectives, the underlying concept is important in the context of light-weight construction. Stiffness ; Elasticity (physics) ; Continuum hypothesis ; Linear elasticity ; Cloaking ; Continuum mechanics ; Plane stress ; Molecular dynamics Nonlocal and gradient elasticity in micro/nano structures ; Advanced Materials and Mechanics ; Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications
Authors: Daniel Szopa | Paulina Wróbel | Julia Zwolińska | Hira Anwar | Maciej Kaniewski | Anna Witek-Krowiak
Source: Polymers (article, 2026-01-09)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Influence of Deep Eutectic Solvents and Polyphenolic Extracts on the Structure and Functional Properties of Sodium Alginate Films The growing demand for biodegradable and functional packaging has driven research toward polysaccharide-based materials with improved performance. In this study, sodium alginate films were modified using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) and acorn polyphenolic extract to enhance their antimicrobial, mechanical, and thermal properties. The films were acquired by solvent casting and characterized through mechanical, spectroscopic, thermal, and microbiological analyses. Both NADES and the polyphenolic extract enhanced tensile strength and flexibility through additional hydrogen bonding within the alginate network, while the extract also introduced antioxidant functionality. Among all tested formulations, the A4E2 film exhibited the most balanced performance. FTIR spectra revealed hydrogen bonding between the film components, and thermogravimetric analysis showed an approximately 15 °C (F-EXT) and 20 °C (F-DES) shift in the main DTG degradation peak, indicating enhanced thermal stability. Controlled-release experiments demonstrated the gradual diffusion of phenolic compounds in aqueous, acidic, and fatty simulants, with an initial release phase within the first 6 h followed by sustained release up to 48 h, confirming the films' suitability for various food environments. The combined modification reduced the growth of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> by 30-35%, with inhibition zone diameters reaching 27.52 ± 2.87 mm and 25.68 ± 1.52 mm, respectively, evidencing synergistic antimicrobial activity. These results highlight the potential of NADES- and extract-modified alginate films as sustainable materials for active food packaging applications. Thermogravimetric analysis ; Polyphenol ; Deep eutectic solvent ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; Thermal stability ; Eutectic system ; Antioxidant ; Food packaging ; Thermal analysis Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging ; Advanced Cellulose Research Studies ; Polymer Science and PVC
Authors: Weiling Wang | Wanfeng Zhuang | Zhongquan Cui | Ning Chen | Na Liu | J. Zhu
Source: Journal of the American Ceramic Society (article, 2026-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Synergistic enhancement of piezoelectric performance and temperature stability of lead zirconate titanate ceramics Abstract The rapid advancement of modern electromechanical applications has imposed urgent demands for piezoelectric ceramics featuring both superior piezoelectric performance and a broad operational temperature range. Nevertheless, concurrently achieving high piezoelectricity and reliable thermal stability in lead zirconate titanate (PZT)‐based piezoceramics remains a herculean challenge. To address this issue, we designed a [Pb 0.99 Sm 0.01 ][(Zr 0.54 Ti 0.46 ) 1− x Ta x ]O 3 (PSZT‐ x Ta) ceramic system. By introducing defect dipoles via heterovalent ion doping in the perovskite ABO 3 lattice to suppress oxygen vacancies, we realized exceptional properties in the PSZT‐0.03Ta ceramics, including a Curie temperature ( T C ) of 334°C, a piezoelectric coefficient ( d 33 ) of 539 pC/N, and an electromechanical coupling factor ( k p ) of 0.63. These materials also exhibited excellent thermal stability, with d 33 varying by less than 10% from 18 to 188°C and k p and resonance frequency ( f r ) changing by only 3.5% and 2%, respectively, from 30 to 200°C. The synergism between high piezoelectricity and thermal stability arises from the synergistic interplay of multiple factors: The stable coexistence of tetragonal (T) and rhombohedral (R) phases at the morphotropic phase boundary, where the R phase contributes significant lattice distortion and volume expansion while the T phase ensures structural stability; A hierarchical domain structure comprising micrometer‐scale domains and nano‐stripe domains; Defect dipoles that effectively mitigate oxygen vacancy formation. Piezoelectricity ; Lead zirconate titanate ; Tetragonal crystal system ; Ceramic ; Curie temperature ; Piezoelectric coefficient ; Thermal stability ; Dipole ; Titanate Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials ; Dielectric materials and actuators ; Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
Authors: I Gusti Ngurah Agung Wiwekananda | Kinar Safira Dyah Paramita | To Soon Wei | Happy Kurnia Permatasari | Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek | Endang Sri Wahyuni
Source: Trends in Sciences (article, 2026-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles using Bauhinia kockiana Extract Inhibit HeLa Cancer Cells Proliferation and Migratory Ability Via Akt-dependent Pathway Cervical cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide, with high-risk HPV infection and dysregulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway playing key roles in its pathogenesis. Current therapeutic strategies are limited by toxicity, resistance, and recurrence, highlighting the need for safer and more effective alternatives. In this study, we explored the potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized via a green approach using Bauhinia kockiana leaf extract (BK-AgNPs) as an anticancer agent against HeLa cervical cancer cells. The synthesis of BK-AgNPs was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, showing surface plasmon resonance peaks at 433 - 443 nm, and particle size analysis revealed an average size of 40 nm with good stability. The anticancer effects of BK-AgNPs were evaluated through scratch assays, In-Cell Western (ICW), and immunofluorescence assays. Results demonstrated that BK-AgNPs inhibited HeLa cell migration significantly compared to the control group, which correlated with reduced expression of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), Snail, and Vimentin. These findings suggest that BK-AgNPs exert their effects by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway and suppression of Snail and Vimentin expression, further confirming inhibition of EMT. Collectively, these outcomes demonstrate that BK-AgNPs can effectively impair HeLa cell proliferation and migratory capacity by modulating oncogenic signaling pathways. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that BK-AgNPs synthesized using B. kockiana extract represent a promising, environmentally friendly therapeutic approach for cervical cancer, warranting further investigation in preclinical in vivo models to validate efficacy and safety. HIGHLIGHTS This is the first study regarding the utilization of kockiana to synthesize AgNPs and evaluate the anticancer potential. AgNPs synthesis using kockiana extract exhibits high yields and excellent stability. BK-AgNPs can inhibit the expression of p-Akt, Snail, and Vimentin in HeLa cells. BK-AgNPs exert anticancer and antimetastatic effects, even in low concentrations. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT HeLa ; Vimentin ; Protein kinase B ; Cancer cell ; Cancer ; Signal transduction ; Cell growth ; Reactive oxygen species ; PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; Diverse Scientific Research Studies ; Curcumin's Biomedical Applications
Authors: Xu Dan | Zhu Jian | Junjie Zeng | Yi Fang | Deng Shanggui | Yu Haixia | Zhang Xiaojun
Source: Frontiers in Nutrition (article, 2026-01-29)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Regulation mechanism of cooking duration on flavor compounds in squid tentacles: dynamic contributions of free amino acids, fatty acids, and minerals This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms by which cooking duration affects flavor development in squid tentacles, emphasizing the critical roles of FAAs and FFAs. The findings suggest practical applications for optimizing cooking methods in the seafood industry to improve flavor quality and resource utilization. Flavor ; Squid ; Duration (music) ; Mechanism (biology) ; Quality (philosophy) Edible Oils Quality and Analysis ; Meat and Animal Product Quality ; Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
Authors: Srikanth Podishetty | Jagadeesh Kumar Ega
Source: Asian Journal of Chemistry (article, 2026-01-31)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

One-Pot Synthesis of Pyrazine-2-carbaldehyde Containing 1,2,3-Triazoles: In vitro Antibacterial Activity In pursuit of enhanced antibacterial agents, a series of 3-(4-(aryl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyrazine-2-carbaldehydes was synthesised (4a-k) through the utilisation of 3-aminopyrazine-2-carbaldehyde, alkyne and triflyl azide via an in situ synthesised 3-azidopyrazine-2-carbaldehyde, followed by an assessment of their in vitro antibacterial activity. The investigation of antibacterial efficacy was conducted against three Gram-positive bacterial strains viz. Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, employing the standard broth microdilution methodology. Among the compounds evaluated, compounds 4f and 4k demonstrated significant antibacterial efficacy, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 3.12 ± 0.39 to 12.5 ± 0.87 µg/mL against the examined Gram-positive bacterial strains. Ultimately, further structural optimization of these potent compounds may lead to their development as promising candidates for future therapeutic applications. Antibacterial activity ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Broth microdilution ; In vitro ; Minimum inhibitory concentration ; Antibacterial agent Click Chemistry and Applications ; Synthesis and Biological Evaluation ; Synthesis and biological activity
Authors: Nitasana Rajkumari | Anuj Kumar | Swathi Shanmugham | Rosalin Laishram | Koku K. Tara
Source: International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research (article, 2026-02-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Applications of nanoparticles in plant genetic transformation and crop improvement Nanotechnology has emerged as a powerful and innovative tool in plant genetic engineering by enabling precise manipulation and delivery of biomolecules at the nanoscale. Nanoparticles exhibit unique physicochemical properties, such as a high surface area-to-volume ratio and size-dependent optical, chemical, and biological characteristics, which make them highly suitable for gene delivery applications. The integration of nanotechnology with biological systems, termed nanobiotechnology, has gained significant attention for enhancing the efficiency and versatility of plant transformation strategies. This review highlights the role of nanoparticle-based gene delivery systems, including metal, metal oxide, clay, lipid-based, polymeric, and dendrimer nanoparticles, in plant biotechnology. These nanomaterials can effectively bind, protect, and transport nucleic acids, facilitate cellular uptake, and overcome key physiological barriers such as the rigid plant cell wall. Recent advances demonstrate successful nanoparticle-mediated gene transfer in plants using gold, silica, calcium phosphate, carbon-based, magnetic, and silver nanoparticles. Compared to conventional transformation methods, nanoparticle-assisted approaches offer higher transformation efficiency, reduced tissue damage, genotype-independent delivery, and cost-effective alternatives. Collectively, nanoparticle-enabled genetic engineering represents a promising strategy for accelerating crop improvement programs. By facilitating the precise introduction of stress-resilience, disease-resistance, and yield-related genes, nanotechnology holds substantial potential for developing climate-resilient crops capable of withstanding biotic and abiotic stresses, thereby contributing to sustainable agriculture and global food security. Transformation (genetics) ; Gene transfer ; Crop ; Gene delivery ; Nanobiotechnology ; Crop production Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; RNA Interference and Gene Delivery ; Plant tissue culture and regeneration
Authors: Lugui Lan | Yanping Mo | Yuhui Xie | Feng Wu | Dong Feng | Yang Meng | Yi Mei | Delong Xie
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2026-03-09)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Intrinsic Flame Retardancy in Flexible Polyurethane Foams Enabled by a Bio-Based P–N Reactive Polyol and a Silicon-Functionalized Triazine Charring Agent Charring ; Char ; Polyurethane ; Intumescent ; Limiting oxygen index ; Thermal stability ; Combustion ; Flammability Flame retardant materials and properties ; Polymer composites and self-healing ; Fire dynamics and safety research
Authors: Iván Montenegro | Begoña González | Ángeles Domínguez | Elena Ferreiro Gómez
Source: ACS Omega (article, 2026-02-26)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Experimental and Modeling Assessment of Polyphenol Solubility in Alcohol + Ethyl Acetate Mixtures for Extraction Applications Polyphenols are valuable bioactive compounds widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, yet their extraction is often limited by low solubility in conventional solvents. This work extends the solubility database of four polyphenols (<i>trans</i>-polydatin, <i>p</i>-coumaric acid, quercetin, and <i>trans</i>-resveratrol) by determining and modeling their equilibrium solubility in methanol, ethanol, and ethyl acetate at 298.2 K and 0.1 MPa. Additionally, solubility in two binary mixtures (methanol + ethyl acetate and ethanol + ethyl acetate) was measured to assess the ester cosolvent effect. Excess solubility was calculated to evaluate nonideality, and experimental data were correlated using the Abraham solvation model, the CNIBS/R-K equation, and solvatochromic (KAT) parameters. Higher solubility was observed in ethanol than methanol for all compounds except for <i>trans</i>-polydatin, while ethyl acetate showed the lowest values. All ternary systems exhibited solubility maxima due to synergistic effect of ethyl acetate, being the greatest solubility enhancement observed for <i>trans</i>-resveratrol, with a 129% increase at 0.4 mole fraction of the ester solvent in the methanol + ethyl acetate binary solvent mixture. Eventually, all systems were accurately described by the Abraham model, CNIBS/R-K equation, and KAT parameters. Solubility ; Ethyl acetate ; Solvent ; Methanol ; Ethanol ; Alcohol ; Extraction (chemistry) ; Mole fraction Crystallization and Solubility Studies ; Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics ; Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
Authors: Shiqing Dong | Qian Wang | Dan Yang | Wenbo Duan | Yanan He | H. L. Liu | Kesheng Shen | Chao Dong | Zunlue Zhu | Hai Peng Lu
Source: Laser & Photonics Review (article, 2026-01-24)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Quasi‐Bound States in the Continuum Calibrated Broadband Metasurface Enhanced Mid‐Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy ABSTRACT Infrared metasurfaces featuring artificially designed structures provide a versatile platform for tailoring sensor properties, holding great promise for next‐generation broadband surface‐enhanced mid‐infrared absorption spectroscopy. In particular, the over‐coupled metasurfaces provide broader sensing bandwidths with a simpler fabrication compared to under‐coupled pixelated metasurfaces. However, over‐coupled metasurfaces has encountered several technical bottlenecks, particularly in the numerical simulation of electromagnetically induced absorption mechanisms and in the extraction of broadband signal. Herein, we propose a metasurface design based on extinction property analysis that modularly controls quasi‐bound states in the continuum and dual over‐coupled resonances to enable trace detection and spectral fingerprinting identification, respectively. The quasi‐bound states in the continuum with surface sensitivity of 0.79 nm/nm serves as an intrinsic calibration reference, delivering a sharp spectral marker for high‐fidelity signal retrieval. The calibrated framework allows accurate retrieval of broadband vibrational signatures, while the over‐coupled resonances collectively amplify molecular absorption from 1800 to 1000 cm −1 . Our results demonstrate that extinction‐based analysis offers superior frequency resolution for visualizing the coupling between resonators and molecules. It underscores the potential of dual over‐coupled metasurfaces for identifying complex analytes such as microplastics and biomarkers, paving the way for advanced mid‐infrared sensing platforms. Broadband ; Absorption (acoustics) ; Resonator ; Calibration ; Spectral signature ; Spectroscopy ; Spectral resolution ; Absorption spectroscopy ; Fabrication Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research ; Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies
Authors: Jing Tian | Yaojia Hu | Chengyue Yan | Zhuoxuan He | Shikai Li | Hongxia Li | Jinghui Huang
Source: Frontiers in Materials (article, 2026-02-05)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Influence of ECAP passes on Zn–Li–Mn alloys: mechanics, corrosion, and osteogenesis Introduction Biodegradable zinc is a promising base metal for temporary orthopedic fixation; however, its insufficient strength has limited its use at load-bearing sites. Methods We designed a Zn–Li–Mn system and refined its microstructure by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP). The number of ECAP passes was tuned to investigate its effect on mechanical and electrochemical properties. Results Increasing the number of passes resulted in significant improvements in mechanical response, reaching an ultimate tensile strength of approximately 450 MPa with favorable elongation (up to 76.6% at 12 passes). Strengthening occurred through a combination of grain refinement, dislocation hardening, and second-phase contributions. Electrochemical tests and long-term immersion in Hank’s solution revealed a progressive enhancement in corrosion resistance, with the average corrosion rate decreasing from approximately 34.60 to 26.66 μm year -1 between 8 and 16 passes. Microstructural uniformity reduced localized attack at second phases and grain boundaries. Discussion In vitro studies with MC3T3-E1 cells confirmed cytocompatibility and demonstrated enhanced osteogenic activity compared to titanium controls. This included increased alkaline phosphatase levels, stronger mineral deposition, and upregulated osteogenesis-related genes. These findings suggest that ECAP effectively optimizes strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance in Zn-based alloys, supporting their potential as next-generation biodegradable implants for orthopedic applications. Corrosion ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Microstructure ; Elongation ; Zinc ; Titanium ; Grain size ; Electrochemistry Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications ; Microstructure and mechanical properties ; Orthopaedic implants and arthroplasty
Authors: Biao Yan
Source: Textile & Leather Review (article, 2026-01-23)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Silk and Music: Visual and Auditory Experiences Interwoven with Cultures This study systematically investigates the acoustic properties of woven silk fabrics to establish a material science basis for their performance in functional applications. The sound absorption coefficients of textiles constructed from continuous-filament mulberry silk (charmeuse and gauze weaves) were quantitatively characterized and benchmarked against staple-fiber cotton and synthetic polyester fabrics. The research methodology combined standardized textile acoustic testing (ISO 10534-2, with a 50 mm air cavity) with perceptual evaluation in a semi-anechoic environment. Results demonstrate that the inherent fiber morphology and fabric construction of silk charmeuse yield superior sound absorption performance, particularly in the 1,000–4,000 Hz range—a key metric for functional acoustic textiles. This measured physical property was strongly correlated with psychoacoustic assessments, in which the silk fabric structure effectively mitigated high-frequency acoustic reflections. The findings provide a quantitative characterization of a natural protein fiber-based textile, demonstrating how its hierarchical structure, from fibroin polymer to final woven fabric, dictates its efficacy as a high-performance technical textile for specialized acoustic management. SILK ; Textile ; Fibroin ; Psychoacoustics ; Polyester ; Absorption (acoustics) ; Characterization (materials science) ; Sound perception Silk-based biomaterials and applications ; Textile materials and evaluations ; Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: Keisuke Wada | Kazunori Ushimaru | Shun Sato | Tokuma Fukuoka
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology (article, 2026-03-18)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Heterologous expression and characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase genes from haloarchaeal strains in Haloferax mediterranei These results demonstrated that <i>phaEC</i>s from haloarchaeal strains other than <i>H. mediterranei</i> also has the potential to produce high-molecular-weight-PHBV. Notably, <i>phaEC</i> from <i>H. jeotgali</i> exhibited exceptional potential for producing PHBV with both high molecular weight and enhanced 3HV composition. This work establishes a systematic framework for functional genomics of haloarchaeal PHA synthases and provides insight for engineering tailor-made bioplastics using extremophiles. Polyhydroxyalkanoates ; Heterologous ; Heterologous expression ; Strain (injury) ; Recombinant DNA ; Haloarchaea ; Gene ; Biosynthesis biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties ; Microplastics and Plastic Pollution ; Polymer crystallization and properties