jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Parbhane, Siddhali
Source: KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Ageing Factors of Insulation Materials with a Focus on Moisture-Induced Degradation in Automotive Applications This study explores the impact of different ageing factors on the condition and reliability of insulation materials of electric machines in automobile applications. Insulation degradation is an inevitable process that affects the core functioning of an electric motor and its longevity. Hence, the research involves designing a test and performing a series of experiments in controlled environments to simulate worst case scenarios of real word conditions, with a focus on humidity and temperature variation in order to observe their impact on the insulation. It is estimated that high relative humidity under varying temperature conditions will degrade the insulation materials and the cooling oil of the electric machine irreversibly. These results provide a valuable insight into what ageing factor is dominant in the real world and help us improve our current testing methods in order to improve insulation performance to provide durable and efficient electric machines. Automotive industry ; Reliability (semiconductor) ; Process (computing) ; Focus (optics) ; Degradation (telecommunications) ; Relative humidity ; Electric motor High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation ; Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques
Authors: Packieya Eswari Rajmohan
Source: Journal of Engineering and Applied Science (article, 2025-12-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Experimental investigation of the shear behaviour of RC beams using unidirectional hemp fibre mat-wrapped hybrid steel stirrups This study presents an experimental insight into the shear behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) beams using hybrid steel stirrups wrapped with unidirectional hemp fibre mats. Conventional stirrups were modified by epoxy-bonding hemp fibre mats over steel rods at varying wrap lengths, and their influence on beam performance was systematically evaluated. The results demonstrated a remarkable improvement in load-carrying capacity, ductility, and crack resistance compared to conventional beams. The maximum load capacity increased from 132 kN (conventional) to 142 kN (2 cm wrap) and 158 kN (4 cm wrap), reflecting an overall enhancement of 20%. The deflection at peak load improved from 7.1 mm to 10.1 mm and 13.2 mm, indicating an 85% increase in ductility with extended wrapping. Similarly, the initial crack load rose from 40 kN to 49 kN and 55 kN, demonstrating improved crack resistance and stiffness in the hybrid beams. Failure modes revealed a significant transition from sudden brittle failure in conventional beams to gradual and highly ductile failure in wrapped beams, ensuring greater energy dissipation and structural resilience. Notably, the failure displacement nearly doubled, rising from 7.6 mm in conventional beams to 12.8 mm in 4 cm wrapped beams. These findings confirm that hemp fibre wrapping effectively delays shear crack propagation, enhances post-cracking behaviour, and improves ductility, while also offering an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic fibres. The proposed hybridisation technique demonstrates strong potential for sustainable and high-performance structural applications. Dissipation ; Brittleness ; Shear (geology) ; Stiffness ; Ductility (Earth science) ; Beam (structure) ; Failure mode and effects analysis ; Deflection (physics) Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Hygrothermal properties of building materials ; Innovative concrete reinforcement materials
Authors: Balaji Sriram | Nandini Gupta
Source:  (article, 2025-10-27)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Physics-Informed Machine Learning for the Estimation of the Total Accumulated Charge in Nanodielectrics from PEA Measurements (Paper to be submitted to IEEE-Transactions on Dileectrics and Electrical Insulation) The Total Accumulated Charge (TAC) inside a nanodielectric is closely associated with the insulation quality of the material. The Q(t) method and the Pulsed-Electro-Acoustic (PEA) method are widely used to estimate the TAC in these materials. However, the accuracy of the PEA method is significantly affected by the presence of electrode charges, the low spatial resolution of the PEA equipment, and the attenuation/dispersion of acoustic signals, which is worsened due to the presence of nanofillers. In this work, Physics-Informed Linear Transformation (PI-LT) is adopted to remove the effect of image charges from PEA measurements and estimate the TAC inside LDPE-silica nanocomposite samples. PI-LT model is trained with PEA measurement data as input, and the TAC (estimated from the Q(t) method) as output. The PI-LT model is simultaneously trained with physics information required for the conversion of experimental space charge distributions to the TAC. Finally, the PI-LT model is put to test against space charge measurements gathered from untrained experimental conditions. The accuracy of the proposed PI-LT model is observed to be better than the conventional methods and a proposed physics-based approximation. Charge (physics) ; Space charge ; Charge-coupled device ; Transformation (genetics) ; Experimental data ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Electrode ; Image resolution High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Semiconductor materials and devices ; Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
Authors: Takayoshi Otsuka | Atsushi Hatano | Masaki Matsumoto | Hideaki Matsui
Source: Biology Methods and Protocols (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

A robust protocol for proteomic profiling of secreted proteins in conditioned culture medium Reliable secretome analysis is crucial for understanding cellular communication and developing therapeutic strategies. However, conventional protein quantification methods, such as the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay, can overestimate protein concentrations in concentrated culture media, leading to inconsistent protein loading and compromised quantitative accuracy in mass spectrometry-based proteomics. To address this methodological challenge, we developed an improved sample preparation method for secretome analysis. Our approach introduces a concentration rate-based normalization method that adjusts sample volumes according to the ultrafiltration concentration ratio, ensuring more consistent protein loading across samples. This method enabled reliable identification of 3468 secreted proteins with high reproducibility (<i>r</i> > 0.93) in a model system of nuclear DNA (nucDNA)-induced inflammation in HeLa cells. Secretome profiles were distinctly altered by nucDNA transfection, with 89 proteins showing significant differential release between control and nucDNA-transfected wild-type HeLa cells. Furthermore, we identified a subset of proteins, including chaperone and proteasome complexes, that were consistently released across all conditions, suggesting their potential utility as internal controls for secretome analysis. This study presents a practical solution to the methodological challenge in secretome analysis, enabling more reliable and reproducible secretome profiling. This improved methodology represents an important step toward establishing standardized protocols for secretome analysis, ultimately enhancing the quality and comparability of research in this rapidly growing field. Secretory protein ; Quantitative proteomics ; Bicinchoninic acid assay ; Proteomics ; Orosomucoid ; Proteome ; HeLa ; Secretion ; Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Advanced Biosensing Techniques and Applications ; Machine Learning in Bioinformatics
Authors: Kaipeng Liu | J. Y. Zhao | Huagen Li | Zhongfei Xu | Di An | Yueling Zhang | Junliang Jia | Longqiu Li
Source:  (article, 2025-12-19)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Inverse Design and Experimental Verification of Nonlocal Thermal Metasurfaces via NURBS and Spatiotemporal Coupled-Mode Theory The inverse design of nonlocal thermal metasurfaces presents a significant challenge in nanophotonics, hindered by the computational cost of simulating complex unit interactions and the limitations of conventional design strategies. In this work, we establish and validate a comprehensive framework for designing nonlocal metasurfaces that achieve tailored asymmetric thermal emissions. We first demonstrate that introducing particle swarm optimization (PSO) driven perturbations to a metasurface with an embedded bound state in the continuum (BIC) enables precise control over the angular distribution of emissivity. Experimental results, including Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermal imaging, confirm the asymmetric emission profile, showing good agreement with simulations. To overcome the limitations of this perturbation based strategy for more complex targets, we further develop a global optimization framework for NURBS defined meta-atoms, enhanced by an end-to-end deep learning surrogate model. The surrogate establishes a direct, differentiable mapping from the NURBS parameters to the spatiotemporal coupled mode theory (STCMT), thereby bypassing repetitive full-wave simulations and enabling efficient gradient-based optimization without adjoint methods. Metasurfaces fabricated using this workflow exhibit emissive profiles in excellent agreement with predictions, confirming the robustness of the proposed framework. This study provides a robust and scalable platform for the inverse design of high-performance nonlocal metasurfaces, opening new avenues for advanced thermal management and infrared wavefront control. Robustness (evolution) ; Thermal ; Inverse ; Scalability ; Differentiable function ; Particle swarm optimization ; Inverse problem Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies ; Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research
Authors: Ruaa M. Mahmood | Rokayia S. Al-Khalisy | Azhar S. Hamody | Samar A. Darweesh
Source: METHODS AND OBJECTS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Applied Chemometric Method Based on H-Point Standard Addition Method (HPSAM) for Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Estimation of Binary Mixture A new simultaneous spectrophotometric approach for determining mefenamic acid (Mef) and piroxicam (Pir) was developed using the H-point standard addition method (HPSAM). The addition of standard mefenamic acid solutions was monitored by measuring absorbance at 305.3 and 343.1 nm. The study found that mefenamic acid and piroxicam can be detected simultaneously in prepared combinations at concentration ratios ranging from 2:4 to 10:6 μg mL-1. The limit of detection LOD was found to be 0.007 μg mL-1 for Mef and Pir. The percentage recovery ranged from 96.9 to 108.5% for mefenamic acid and 93.9 to 111.3% for piroxicam, with satisfactory precision. The proposed method was effectively used to determine Mef and Pir in both pure and commercial formulations. Mefenamic acid ; Piroxicam ; Absorbance ; Detection limit ; Standard addition ; Binary number Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals ; Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects ; Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Authors: Yang-Yu He | Zhaohui Zhang | Yifan Liu | Yichen Cheng | Xiaotong Jia | Qiang Wang | Jin-Zhao Zhou | Xingwang Cheng
Source: Materials (article, 2025-07-10)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Ultra-High Strength and Specific Strength in Ti61Al16Cr10Nb8V5 Multi-Principal Element Alloy: Quasi-Static and Dynamic Deformation and Fracture Mechanisms This study investigates the deformation and fracture mechanisms of a Ti<sub>61</sub>Al<sub>16</sub>Cr<sub>10</sub>Nb<sub>8</sub>V<sub>5</sub> multi-principal element alloy (Ti61V5 alloy) under quasi-static and dynamic compression. The alloy comprises an equiaxed BCC matrix (~35 μm) with uniformly dispersed nano-sized B2 precipitates and a ~3.5% HCP phase along grain boundaries, exhibiting a density of 4.82 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, an ultimate tensile strength of 1260 MPa, 12.8% elongation, and a specific strength of 262 MPa·cm<sup>3</sup>/g. The Ti61V5 alloy exhibits a pronounced strain-rate-strengthening effect, with a strain rate sensitivity coefficient (m) of ~0.0088 at 0.001-10/s. Deformation activates abundant {011} and {112} slip bands in the BCC matrix, whose interactions generate jogs, dislocation dipoles, and loops, evolving into high-density forest dislocations and promoting screw-dominated mixed dislocations. The B2 phase strengthens the alloy via dislocation shearing, forming dislocation arrays, while the HCP phase enhances strength through a dislocation bypass mechanism. At higher strain rates (960-5020/s), m increases to ~0.0985. Besides {011} and {112}, the BCC matrix activates high-index slip planes {123}. Intensified slip band interactions generate dense jogs and forest dislocations, while planar dislocations combined with edge dislocation climb enable obstacle bypassing, increasing the fraction of edge-dominated mixed dislocations. The Ti61V5 alloy shows low sensitivity to adiabatic shear localization. Under forced shear, plastic-flow shear bands form first, followed by recrystallized shear bands formed through a rotational dynamic recrystallization mechanism. Microcracks initiate throughout the shear bands; during inward propagation, they may terminate upon encountering matrix microvoids or deflect and continue when linking with internal microcracks. Materials science ; Dislocation ; Composite material ; Alloy ; Shear band ; Slip (aerodynamics) ; Lüders band ; Strain rate ; Deformation mechanism ; Shear (geology) ; Condensed matter physics ; Microstructure Titanium Alloys Microstructure and Properties ; Intermetallics and Advanced Alloy Properties ; Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
Authors: L D Clark | Thomas F. Marinis | David S. Hanson
Source: IMAPSource Proceedings (article, 2025-11-10)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Measurements of Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity of a Multilayer Ceramic Substrate Over a Uniform Spatial Distribution The thermal conductivity of multilayer packages and printed wiring boards is often modeled as a volumetric weighting of thermal conductivities of the component materials. We demonstrate that this approach overestimates effective thermal conductivity, especially normal to the plane of the package. The reason is that the interfacial heat flux between metal and dielectric layers is significantly less than that within a metal layer. As electronic packaging becomes more intricate and complex, thermal performance analyses and predictions must be more accurate than ever for the industry to progress. In comparison to the ceramic packages we subsequently analyze, printed circuit board layups typically include conductive and dielectric materials that have a higher differential of thermal conductivity, more materials, thinner layers, vias, or embedded components. Each aspect further complicates the analysis and increases the likelihood of error in overestimating the resultant thermal conductivity. We developed an experimental procedure that confirmed our prediction of overestimation by measuring the thermal conductivity in x, y and z directions on 5 millimeter square segments cut from a 31 millimeter square multilayer ceramic package. The data we collected was used to refine a thermal model of our package, and to validate finite element thermal models of the 5 millimeter square substrate pieces. We are proceeding to use parametric finite element models to compute the thermal performance of a large number of hypothetical package segments. The computed thermal conductivity vectors from these models will be combined with attributes of each segment, such as metal fraction, number of layers, conductor line length, etc. to create a data set that can be used to train an inference engine to predict the thermal performance of an advanced package design from its artwork data. Thermal conductivity ; Ceramic ; Thermal conductivity measurement ; Thermal ; Printed circuit board ; Electrical conductor ; Thermal transmittance ; Finite element method ; Conductor Thermal properties of materials ; Thermal Analysis in Power Transmission ; Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies
Authors: Д. О. ВАСИЛЕНКО | М. С. СОРОКІН
Source: Вісник Херсонського національного технічного університету (article, 2025-11-28)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

ВПЛИВ ЕЛЕКТРОМАГНІТНИХ ПОЛІВ НА ТОЧНІСТЬ ФЛУОРЕСЦЕНТНОГО АНАЛІЗУ БІЛКІВ У СИРНИХ ПРОДУКТАХ Метою цієї роботи є визначення ефективності та придатності основних електротехнічних методів спектрального аналізу (NIR, FTIR/MIR, UV–Vis, флуоресцентна і раманівська спектроскопія, діелектрична спектроскопія та гіперспектральне зображення) для автоматизованого контролю якості молочної продукції з урахуванням впливу електромагнітних завад на відтворюваність флуоресцентного сигналу білків у сирних матрицях. У процесі дослідження проведено комплексний аналіз літературних даних та теоретичних моделей взаємодії зовнішніх електромагнітних полів із флуорофорами білків, класифіковано основні джерела завад у виробничому середовищі згідно з ISO/IEC 17025. Розроблено багатокритеріальну матрицю методики оцінювання за чотирма основними категоріями (точність, швидкодія, надійність, інтеграція) із застосуванням MCDA. Для верифікації запропонованих критеріїв рекомендовано пілотне тестування inline-систем на виробничій лінії, адаптивні режими калібрації моделей та моніторинг KPI із застосуванням процедур k-fold cross-validation і міжлабораторних випробувань. Теоретичний аналіз показав, що зовнішні електромагнітні завади здатні знижувати інтенсивність флуоресценції на 5–15 % залежно від частоти та потужності поля, що призводить до зростання RMSE і зміщення bias. Класифікація виявила низькочастотні та високочастотні (RF, мікрохвилі, імпульсні інвертори) джерела шумів. Багатокритеріальна матриця для прикладного сценарію показала, що NIR-спектроскопія з високою швидкодією та помірною точністю отримує зважену оцінку 4,4, тоді як флуоресцентна спектроскопія з найвищою чутливістю – 4,0. Розроблена MCDA-матриця дозволяє обрати оптимальний метод залежно від виробничих пріоритетів: пріоритет швидкодії – NIR, пріоритет точності – флуоресцентна спектроскопія або FTIR/MIR. Практичні рекомендації щодо пілотного тестування, адаптивної калібрувальної стратегії та моніторингу KPI забезпечують підґрунтя для інтеграції спектральних систем в інтелектуальні лінії контролю відповідно до вимог ISO/IEC 17025. Error analysis ; Term (time) ; Square (algebra) Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry ; Electrical and Electromagnetic Research
Authors: Mary Scott
Source: Microscopy and Microanalysis (article, 2025-07-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Towards Machine-Learning Enabled Automated Analysis of Heterogeneous Nanomaterials Nanomaterials ; Computer science ; Materials science ; Nanotechnology Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications ; Advanced Nanomaterials in Catalysis
Authors: Xiaoyang Tian | Hui Wang | Boshuo Wang | Jinshui Zhang | Dong Yan | Jeannette Ingabire | Samantha Coffler | Guillaume Duret | Quoc-Khanh Pham | Gang Bao | Jacob T. Robinson | Stefan M. Goetz | Angel V. Peterchev
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2025-10-21)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

High-Power Dual-Channel Chamber for High-Frequency Magnetic Neuromodulation We present a novel magnetic stimulation platform that combines high-frequency, high-power capability with two independently-controlled channels generating different frequencies, along with a real-time behavioral observation system for freely moving animals. The system supports frequency-multiplexed stimulation strategies for precise modulation of neural activity, making it a versatile tool for advancing magnetogenetics, neural circuit interrogation, and noninvasive stimulation approaches in neuroscience and bioengineering. Neuromodulation ; Stimulation ; Transcranial magnetic stimulation ; Brain stimulation ; Neural activity ; Neural Prosthesis ; Neurophysiology Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; Metal and Thin Film Mechanics ; Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
Authors: Claire E. Dudley | Christopher A. Azaldegui | Daniel J. Foust | Olivia LaCommare | Julie S. Biteen | Anthony G. Vecchiarelli
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2025-04-21)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Nucleoid Compaction Influences Carboxysome Localization and Dynamics in <i>Synechococcus elongatus</i> PCC 7942 ABSTRACT The bacterial nucleoid is not just a genetic repository—it serves as a dynamic scaffold for spatially organizing key cellular components. ParA-family ATPases exploit this nucleoid matrix to position a wide range of cargos, yet how nucleoid compaction influences these positioning reactions remains poorly understood. We previously characterized the Maintenance of Carboxysome Distribution (Mcd) system in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, where the ParA-like ATPase McdA binds the nucleoid and interacts with its partner protein, McdB, to generate dynamic gradients that distribute carboxysomes for optimal carbon fixation. Here, we investigate how nucleoid compaction impacts carboxysome positioning, particularly during metabolic dormancy when McdAB activity is downregulated. We demonstrate that a compacted nucleoid maintains carboxysome organization in the absence of active McdAB-driven positioning. This finding reveals that the nucleoid is not merely a passive substrate for positioning, but an active player in spatial organization. Given the widespread role of ParA-family ATPases in the positioning of diverse cellular cargos, our study suggests that nucleoid compaction state is a fundamental, yet underappreciated, determinant of mesoscale organization across bacteria. Nucleoid ; Synechococcus ; Dynamics (music) ; Biophysics ; Chemistry ; Cell biology ; Cyanobacteria ; Biology ; Biochemistry ; Physics ; Bacteria ; Genetics ; Escherichia coli ; Gene Enzyme Structure and Function ; Protein Structure and Dynamics ; Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior