jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Chen Liu | Dewen Tang | Wei Men | Ju Wu | C.H. Fu
Source: Metals (article, 2026-03-17)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Gamma-Ray Shielding of a High-Density W-Ni-Fe Alloy: Effects of Liquid-Phase Sintering Parameters This study investigates the development of a high-density W-Ni-Fe alloy using liquid-phase sintering and examines its microstructure and mechanical properties. Critical parameters, including sintering time and heating rate, were optimized to achieve enhanced density, microhardness, tensile strength, and γ-ray shielding properties. The results show that optimal sintering conditions (45 min at a heating rate of 30 K/min and a sintering temperature of 1753 K) lead to a uniform dispersion of tungsten particles, with a high-volume fraction of tungsten in the matrix and enhanced bonding within the γ(Ni-Fe) matrix. The alloy achieved a density of 16.99 g/cm3 and exhibited superior mechanical performance, with a tensile strength of 846.66 MPa and an elongation of 10.5%, as well as excellent γ-ray attenuation capabilities. These results demonstrate its suitability for nuclear applications. Sintering ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Microstructure ; Tungsten ; Alloy ; Elongation ; Electromagnetic shielding ; Creep Radiation Shielding Materials Analysis ; Fusion materials and technologies ; Advanced materials and composites
Authors: Yu. A. Semerenko | В. Д. Нацик | Nikolai Galtsov | Diana Hurova | Tamara Bednarchuk | Peter Zinoviev | V. N. Zoryansky | V. А. Moskalenko | Ruslan Smolianets | Alexander Smirnov | Yuliya Pohribnaya | Nataly Aksenova
Source: Preprints.org (preprint, 2026-02-04)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Thermally Activated Acoustic Relaxation in Nanostructured and Ultrafine-Grained Titanium In the range of 5-325 K, the temperature dependence of acoustic properties - absorption and dynamic Young’s modulus - was studied in nanocrystalline and fine-crystalline technical purity titanium VT1-0. Measurements were performed using resonance mechanical spectroscopy at 2.4-3.7 kHz. The influence of grain size on low-temperature acoustic behavior was examined.Samples with varying grain sizes were produced by severe plastic deformation through rolling at 100 K and 290 K to true strains of 120-190%, followed by annealing at 525 K, 720 K, and 940 K. Their structures were characterized by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.Intense plastic deformation was found to induce an acoustic anomaly, peak P1, at 150-230 K. Transition from fine- to nanocrystalline states introduced an additional absorption peak, P2, at 43-78 K. A microscopic dislocation model was proposed to explain these phenomena. The activation parameters of P1 correspond to thermally activated detachment of dislocation segments from local defects, consistent with the Koiwa-Hasiguti peak. In contrast, the activation parameters of P2 reflect dislocation motion across a Peierls barrier via thermally activated kink pair formation, analogous to Bordoni peaks observed in fcc crystals.This study demonstrates how grain refinement and deformation strongly affect the acoustic response of titanium, revealing distinct mechanisms of dislocation dynamics at different temperature ranges. Nanocrystalline material ; Dislocation ; Grain size ; Annealing (glass) ; Titanium ; Relaxation (psychology) ; Deformation (meteorology) ; Atmospheric temperature range ; Severe plastic deformation Microstructure and mechanical properties ; Electromagnetic Effects on Materials ; Titanium Alloys Microstructure and Properties
Authors: Nicholas Gaitanis | Arka Majumdar | Michele Cotrufo
Source: Laser & Photonics Review (article, 2026-01-07)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Bilayer Metasurfaces for Angular Control of Light ABSTRACT Compound meta‐optics – devices made of multiple stacked metasurfaces – allow overcoming many of the limitations of single‐layer meta‐optics. However, designing multi‐layer devices to obtain desired and complex functionalities is often challenging, due to the inter‐layer coupling and the large number of degrees of freedom. Here, we explore a general approach to use compound meta‐optics to obtain nontrivial angular‐dependent transmission profiles. Our approach relies on distributing different sub‐parts of the desired angular response across the different layers of a multi‐layer device, while simultaneously minimizing inter‐layer reflections. We demonstrate the feasibility of this approach by designing and numerically testing a bilayer metasurface that implements an angular bandpass filter with strongly asymmetric edges — a sharp rising edge close to normal incidence and a much smoother falling edge at much larger angles. This behavior is obtained by combining, within the same bilayer device, the sharp and smooth responses of nonlocal and local metasurfaces. Full‐wave simulations confirm the feasibility of this strategy for both 1D and 2D devices, yielding designs with high efficiency, excellent isotropy, and very large tolerance to fabrication misalignments. Importantly, we show that our approach allows individual control over different portions of the angular response. Finally, we discuss possible uses of the optimized angular bandpass filter in applications such as noise filtering in holographic displays and noise‐resilient analog image processing. Our work opens up opportunities for the rational design of multi‐layer meta‐optics with tailored angle‐dependent scattering. Bilayer ; Band-pass filter ; Coupling (piping) ; Filter (signal processing) ; Transmission (telecommunications) ; Noise (video) ; Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution ; Holography Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
Authors: Chang Liu | Baozhen Chen | Yuanpeng Sun | Yuxuan Wang | Kerui Xie | Xinbo Chen
Source: Ceramics (article, 2026-02-16)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Experimental and Numerical Study on the Mechanical Properties of Alumina Ceramics Based on a Modified SHPB Setup In response to the high stiffness and hardness levels of alumina ceramic materials, the traditional SHPB (split Hopkinson pressure bar) experimental setup has been modified. This study analyzes the propagation patterns of stress waves in the SHPB system after adding cushion blocks. Experiments demonstrated that the modified SHPB apparatus can effectively perform dynamic mechanical property tests on alumina ceramics. The JH-2 constitutive damage model parameters for alumina ceramics were determined based on theoretical analysis and static/dynamic experimental data. An LS-DYNA numerical model for the impact compression simulation of alumina ceramics was established to investigate the effects of stress waves with three wavelengths (300 mm, 400 mm, and 600 mm) at the same impact velocity, along with the dynamic fragmentation process. The results indicate that alumina ceramics exhibit strain rate hardening effects in compressive strength, failure strain, and elastic modulus under high strain rates; compressive strength and failure strain show positive correlations with stress wave wavelength under high strain rates; and microcracks initially nucleate preferentially along grain boundaries on the end surfaces, forming annular damage zones symmetrically about the central axis. This study presents a modified SHPB setup that improves test capability for high-hardness ceramics, rather than overturning classical methodologies. The absence of a direct comparison with unmodified setups stems from the known limitations of conventional systems in handling small-diameter alumina specimens without bar damage—a challenge addressed proactively in this work through impedance-matched cushion blocks and refined data processing. Split-Hopkinson pressure bar ; Ceramic ; Compressive strength ; Modulus ; Alumina ceramic ; Elastic modulus ; Hardening (computing) ; Strain rate ; Strain hardening exponent High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior ; Advanced ceramic materials synthesis ; Boron and Carbon Nanomaterials Research
Authors: Sena Nur Karakaya | S. Yusra Özkılıç | Derya Arslan
Source: Foods (article, 2026-02-11)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Effect of Combined Pretreatments on Yield and Quality of Cold-Pressed Pomegranate Seed Oil In this study, the effects of combined thermal and biochemical pretreatments on the yield and quality of cold-pressed pomegranate seed oil (PSO) were systematically investigated. Convective and microwave roasting were applied individually and in combination with acid or with a commercial pectolytic-cellulolytic enzyme preparation, allowing a comparative evaluation of their synergistic effects under identical cold-pressing conditions. Microwave and convective roasting reduced the seed moisture content from 6.06% to 3-4%, whereas acid pretreatment significantly decreased the seed pH from 4.63 to 3.25-3.33. Lipase activity ranged from 0.061 to 0.191 U/g, with the highest activity in untreated seeds and the lowest in microwave-treated seeds, indicating pretreatment-induced enzyme inactivation. Among all treatments, microwave-acid pretreatment achieved the highest oil yield (11.20%) and the lowest free fatty acid content, whereas microwave-enzyme pretreatment resulted in the lowest peroxide value and the longest oxidative induction period, indicating superior oxidative stability. All pretreatments reduced peroxide value, <i>p</i>-anisidine value, and free fatty acidity compared with the control. Microwave-treated oils exhibited the highest carotenoid content (67.85 mg/kg), while enzyme-treated oils exhibited the lowest carotenoid content (12.05 mg/kg). Total phenolic content was highest in the control oils and decreased following pretreatment. Correlation analysis revealed that oil yield was negatively correlated with seed pH and lipase activity, demonstrating that acid-induced matrix modification and lipase suppression are key mechanisms governing oil recovery. Overall, this study provides new mechanistic insight into the structure enzyme quality relationships in PSO extraction and demonstrates that pretreatment selection should be guided by the intended end use. Microwave-acid pretreatment is most suitable for yield-driven applications (e.g., cosmetic or technical applications), whereas microwave-enzyme pretreatment offers an optimal balance between oxidative stability and quality preservation for food and nutraceutical applications. Lipase ; Peroxide value ; Roasting ; Yield (engineering) ; Acid value ; Fatty acid ; Carotenoid ; Extraction (chemistry) ; Point of delivery Edible Oils Quality and Analysis ; Pomegranate: compositions and health benefits ; Nuts composition and effects
Authors: Soumitra Kolya | Nir S. Gov | Saroj Kumar Nandi
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (article, 2026-04-09)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Mode-coupling theory for aging in active glasses: relaxation dynamics and evolution towards steady state Aging refers to the evolution of system properties with waiting time $t_w$. It is a key feature of glassy dynamics. Recent experiments have demonstrated aging in biological systems that are inherently active with a magnitude of self-propulsion force $f_0$ and a persistence time $τ_p$. Thus, what governs the aging dynamics in these active systems has fundamental importance. We formulate a generic mode-coupling theory (MCT) of active glasses to address this question. The aging solutions of the theory show that the two-point correlation function decays more slowly with growing $t_w$, and the relaxation time $t_r$ increases. The activity-modification of the MCT critical point, $λ_\text{C}$, has profound significance for active aging: the quench distance from $λ_\text{C}$ governs aging and determines $δ$, where $t_r\sim t_w^δ$. $δ$ decreases with increasing $f_0$, in agreement with existing simulations. However, the variation with $τ_p$ depends on the nature of activity. Our work has fundamental theoretical implications for active glasses and paves the way for a deeper understanding of the aging dynamics in biological systems. Steady state (chemistry) ; Dynamics (music) ; Relaxation (psychology) ; Work (physics) ; Function (biology) ; Time evolution Material Dynamics and Properties ; Micro and Nano Robotics ; Advanced Physical and Chemical Molecular Interactions
Authors: Fei Yang | Zhi-Yang Wang | Long-Qing Chen
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (article, 2026-03-03)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A composite electron-lattice order: electronic nematicity of 2DEG and polarization density waves at a near-ferroelectric interface We consider a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) formed at a near-ferroelectric interface and strongly coupled to polar phonons. Through a self-consistent microscopic many-body calculation, we show that the coupled system stabilizes a composite electron-lattice ordered state in which the lattice polarization spontaneously forms a polarization density wave (PDW), accompanied by an electronic stripe order in the 2DEG. This intertwined order partially reconstructs the electronic spectrum and generates a twofold quasiparticle anisotropy, giving rise to electronic nematicity at the single-particle level. However, under strong external electric fields, the nematic response becomes dominated by the collective sliding dynamics of the composite order: the sliding motion overwhelms the quasiparticle anisotropy and produces a strongly enhanced nematic signal with higher-order angular harmonics. The theory offers a natural explanation for several anomalous transport and anisotropic responses recently observed at the KTaO$_3$ (111) interface. We also estimate the mean-field transition temperature of this emergent ordered state, obtaining good agreement with experiments, and analyze its evolution with several tuning parameters. The proposed composite order, along with the field-induced crossover from quasiparticle-driven to sliding-dominated nematicity, provides a distinct mechanism of nematicity arising from many-body effects and collective dynamics in critical electron-boson systems, with applicability beyond ferroelectric platforms. Quasiparticle ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Anisotropy ; Liquid crystal ; Composite number ; Lattice (music) ; Ferroelectricity ; Electric field Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides ; Topological Materials and Phenomena ; Organic and Molecular Conductors Research
Authors: Boris A. Vasilyev | Alexandr Kryukov | Mansur R. Farakshin | Sergei B. Belov | Vladimir S. Sheryakov | Artem E. Kuznetsov | Ilia A. Filin
Source: Nuclear Energy and Technology (article, 2026-03-27)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

The use of MOX fuel in BN-800 reactor In accordance with the strategy for the development of two-component nuclear energy with NFC closure adopted in the Russian Federation, fast neutron reactors must ensure the effective use of mixed uranium-plutonium fuel based on plutonium extracted from SNF of thermal reactors, and then from their own SNF. The first domestic BN reactors used fuel developed by that time based on enriched uranium dioxide. The development of mixed uranium-plutonium oxide (MOX) fuel began with the irradiation of experimental fuel assemblies (FAs) in the research reactor BOR-60, as well as in power reactors BN-350 and BN 600. The BN-800 design was already focused on the use of mixed uranium-plutonium fuel. Due to the delay in the launch of industrial production of MOX fuel created at the Mining and Chemical Combine, the BN-800 was launched (2016) with a hybrid core formed mainly from FAs with uranium fuel manufactured at MSZ JSC. The share of FAs with MOX fuel manufactured at the pilot production facilities of JSC SSC RIAR and the Production Association MAYAK was 16%. The hybrid core was operated until the eighth operation cycle. The transition of BN-800 core to a full loading with MOX fuel was completed by the beginning of the 13-th operation cycle (2023). For fabrication of MOX fuel, plutonium of various isotopic compositions is used, which is ensured by the method implemented at the production site for adjusting the mass fraction of plutonium in the fuel. Currently, the core is being transferred to FAs with fuel cladding from more radiation-resistant steel EK164-CW, which will subsequently allow starting work to increase fuel burnup. At that, compared with current core operation mode with the use of ChS68-CW steel for pin cladding, it is planned to increase fuel burnup from 9.5% h.a. up to 12% h.a. by the maximum value and from 66 MW·d/kg to 86 MW·d/kg by the average value. As part of the development of the technology for burning out minor actinides from the 14-th operation cycle (2024), three FAs have been irradiated in the reactor, which include four fuel elements each with the addition of americium (0.9%) and neptunium (0.6%). MOX fuel ; Plutonium ; Cladding (metalworking) ; Uranium ; Burnup ; Nuclear fuel ; Nuclear reactor core ; Spent nuclear fuel ; Enriched uranium Nuclear Materials and Properties ; Chemical Synthesis and Characterization ; Nuclear reactor physics and engineering
Authors: Yuta Araki | T. Sekiguchi | Yuji Hatano | Naota Sekiguchi | Chikara Shinei | Masashi Miyakawa | Takashi Taniguchi | Tokuyuki Teraji | Hiroshi Abe | Shinobu Onoda | Takeshi Ohshima | Takayuki Shibata | Mutsuko Hatano | Takayuki Iwasaki
Source: ArXiv.org (article, 2026-03-14)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A Highly Sensitive Diamond NV Magnetometer Using Ramsey Interferometry with a Short Sensor-to-Sample Distance In this study, we developed a diamond quantum magnetometer based on Ramsey interferometry with a short sensor-to-sample distance. Conventional biomagnetic sensors with ensemble nitrogen-vacancy centers using continuous-wave optically detected magnetic resonance and Ramsey methods typically rely on watt-level lasers to achieve high sensitivity, resulting in thermal issues. In contrast, by employing the light-trapping diamond waveguide technique in a high-pressure and high-temperature diamond sample treated with electron beam irradiation, we obtained a high photon conversion efficiency of 9.5%, enabling us to simultaneously achieve a high sensitivity of 2.93(7) pT/Hz^1/2 in the 100-400 Hz frequency range and a minimal temperature increase of only approximately 13 K at a low laser power of 210 mW. Using a dry phantom designed to mimic magnetoencephalography signals, we measured a weak magnetic field of 77.7(2) pT without signal averaging at a sensor-to-sample distance of 2.5 mm. This short-distance measurement prevents severe spatial signal attenuation, yielding a high signal-to-noise ratio. The development here is crucial for practical biomagnetic applications based on Ramsey interferometry. Magnetometer ; Diamond ; Interferometry ; Laser ; SIGNAL (programming language) ; Sensitivity (control systems) ; Magnetic field ; Imaging phantom Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research ; Magnetic Field Sensors Techniques
Authors: David L. Goodwin | José P. Carvalho | Anders B. Nielsen | Nino Wili | Thomas Vosegaard | Zdeněk Tošner | Niels Chr. Nielsen
Source: ArXiv.org (article, 2026-02-17)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Extending numerical simulations in SIMPSON: Electron paramagnetic resonance, dynamic nuclear polarisation, propagator splitting, pulse transients, and quadrupolar cross terms Aimed at the simulation, design, and interpretation of advanced pulse experiments crossing the boundaries between nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), including the rapidly emerging, hybrid discipline of pulsed dynamic nuclear polarisation (DNP), we present a host of novel features in the widely used SIMPSON software package addressing these aspects. Along with this come new features for advanced pulse sequence evaluation in terms of propagator splitting, high-order spin operator cross terms, and pulse phase transients. These fundamental new tools are introduced in a C++-based next generation of the SIMPSON software, which improves calculations speed in some aspects, is better prepared for further developments, and facilitates easier community contributions to the open-source software package. Propagator ; Pulse (music) ; Pulse sequence ; Interpretation (philosophy) ; Resonance (particle physics) ; Operator (biology) ; Spin (aerodynamics) ; Phase (matter) Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications ; Electron Spin Resonance Studies ; NMR spectroscopy and applications
Authors: Joni Eronen | Perttu Hilla | Vladimir V. Zhivonitko | Juha Vaara | Anu M. Kantola
Source: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (article, 2026-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Generalised level anticrossings explain improved <sup>19</sup> F SABRE hyperpolarisation under oscillating magnetic fields Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) is a parahydrogen-based hyperpolarisation technique that significantly enhances nuclear magnetic resonance signals without the use of expensive hardware. While conventional SABRE relies on a static polarisation transfer field set near the level anticrossing (LAC) condition, recent work has shown that oscillating fields can substantially boost the hyperpolarisation levels. Here, we develop a new theoretical model that generalises the LAC condition to account for the oscillating polarisation transfer fields, thereby explaining the spin dynamics of SABRE under such conditions. We use the generalised LAC condition to optimise the oscillating fields for maximum polarisation transfer to <sup>19</sup>F and show that the scalar relaxation of the second kind can be simultaneously suppressed. Large-scale spin dynamics simulations and experiments show that this leads to enhanced <sup>19</sup>F hyperpolarisation compared to conventional SABRE, with a 79% improvement observed experimentally. This work demonstrates a generalisable strategy for improving the efficiency of SABRE, advancing its potential for various applications, such as in biomedicine. Work (physics) ; Scalar (mathematics) ; Magnetic field ; Relaxation (psychology) ; Field (mathematics) ; Dynamics (music) ; SIGNAL (programming language) ; Transfer (computing) Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications ; Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research ; NMR spectroscopy and applications