jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Cara Battersby | Daniel L. Walker | Ashley T. Barnes | Adam Ginsburg | Dani Lipman | Danya Alboslani | H Perry Hatchfield | John Bally | Simon C. O. Glover | Jonathan D. Henshaw | K. Immer | Ralf S. Klessen | Steven N. Longmore | Elisabeth A. C. Mills | S. Molinari | Rowan J. Smith | Mattia C. Sormani | Robin G. Treß | Qizhou Zhang
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-10-22)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

3-D CMZ II: Hierarchical Structure Analysis of the Central Molecular Zone The Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) is the way station at the heart of our Milky Way Galaxy, connecting gas flowing in from Galactic scales with the central nucleus. Key open questions remain about its 3-D structure, star formation properties, and role in regulating this gas inflow. In this work, we identify a hierarchy of discrete structures in the CMZ using column density maps from Paper I (Battersby et al., submitted). We calculate the physical ($N$(H$_2$), $T_{\rm{dust}}$, mass, radius) and kinematic (HNCO, HCN, and HC$_3$N moments) properties of each structure as well as their bolometric luminosities and star formation rates (SFRs). We compare these properties with regions in the Milky Way disk and external galaxies. Despite the fact that the CMZ overall is well below the Gao-Solomon dense gas star-formation relation (and in modest agreement with the Schmidt-Kennicutt relation), individual structures on the scale of molecular clouds generally follow these star-formation relations and agree well with other Milky Way and extragalactic regions. We find that individual CMZ structures require a large external pressure ($P_e$/k$_B$ $&gt; 10^{7-9}$ K cm$^{-3}$) to be considered bound, however simple estimates suggest that most CMZ molecular-cloud-sized structures are consistent with being in pressure-bounded virial equilibriuim. We perform power-law fits to the column density probability distribution functions (N-PDFs) of the inner 100 pc, SgrB2, and the outer 100 pc of the CMZ as well as several individual molecular cloud structures and find generally steeper power-law slopes ($-9&lt;α&lt;-2$) compared with the literature ($-6 &lt; α&lt; -1$). Geology Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications ; Astronomy and Astrophysical Research ; Zeolite Catalysis and Synthesis
Authors: Fuqiang Deng | Di Zhao | Linxin Zhang | Yang Li | Xueming Shao
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2024-03-11)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Numerical study of the acoustic spectrum of bubble clusters Bubble ; Acoustics ; Spectrum (functional analysis) ; Physics ; Mechanics Ultrasound and Cavitation Phenomena ; Aerodynamics and Acoustics in Jet Flows ; Combustion and Detonation Processes
Authors: Thomas G. Williams | Elizabeth J. Watkins
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-09-05)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

McFine: python-based Monte-Carlo multi-component hyperfine structure fitting Modelling complex line emission in the interstellar medium (ISM) is a degenerate, high-dimensional problem. Here, we present McFine, a tool for automated multi-component fitting of emission lines with complex hyperfine structure, in a fully automated way. We use Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) to efficiently explore the complex parameter space, allowing for characterising model denegeracies. This tool allows for both local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and radiative-transfer (RT) models. McFine can fit individual spectra and data cubes, and for cubes encourage spatial coherence between neighbouring pixels. It is also built to fit the minimum number of distinct components, to avoid overfitting. We have carried out tests on synthetic spectra, where in around 90~per~cent of cases it fits the correct number of components, otherwise slightly fewer components. Typically, $T_{\rm ex}$ is overestimated and $τ$ underestimated, but accurate within the estimated uncertainties. The velocity and line widths are recovered with extremely high accuracy, however. We verify McFine by applying to a large Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) N$_2$H$^+$ mosaic of an high-mass star forming region, G316.75-00.00. We find a similar quality of fit to our synthetic tests, aside from in the active regions forming O-stars, where the assumptions of Gaussian line profiles or LTE may break down. To show the general applicability of this code, we fit CO(J = 2-1) observations of NGC 3627, a nearby star-forming galaxy, again obtaining excellent fit quality. McFine provides a fully automated way to analyse rich datasets from interferometric observations, is open source, and pip-installable. Python (programming language) ; Monte Carlo method ; Component (thermodynamics) ; Hyperfine structure ; Computer science ; Statistical physics ; Physics ; Mathematics ; Statistics ; Programming language ; Atomic physics Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Protein Structure and Dynamics ; Advanced Data Processing Techniques
Authors: Chuang Qiao
Source: Advances in materials technology for fossil power plants : (article, 2024-10-10)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

An Investigation of J513 Alloy Powder for a Plasma-Transferred Arc Cladding Application Abstract This study explores the expanded applications of Alloy J513, a high-performance material traditionally used in cast engine valvetrain components, for powder metallurgy and surface cladding applications. While already recognized for its superior heat and wear resistance at a lower cost compared to cobalt-based hardfacing materials, J513 demonstrates additional advantages in powder metallurgy applications due to its ability to achieve desired powder characteristics through atomization without requiring post-atomization annealing. Through experimental investigation based on fundamental metallurgical principles and cladding engineering processes, the presented research demonstrates J513’s exceptional weldability and favorable weldment structure compared to conventional cobalt-based alloys. The study establishes crucial relationships between weldment behavior and unit energy input, providing valuable insights for advanced cladding techniques while highlighting J513’s potential as a sustainable alternative to traditional nickel- and cobalt-based alloys in various manufacturing processes, including surface overlay and additive manufacturing. Alloy ; Materials science ; Plasma ; Metallurgy ; Cladding (metalworking) ; Plasma arc welding ; Welding ; Physics Metal Alloys Wear and Properties ; Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes ; High-Temperature Coating Behaviors
Authors: J.G. Rogers | Andrew A. Egly | Y. Roh | R. Terry | F. J. Wessel
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2024-10-03)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A Quasi-Spherical Fusion Reactor Burning Boron-11 Fuel Boron ; Fusion ; Nuclear engineering ; Fusion power ; Materials science ; Physics ; Nuclear physics ; Engineering ; Plasma Nuclear Materials and Properties ; Nuclear reactor physics and engineering ; Cold Fusion and Nuclear Reactions
Authors: Elías Portolés | Marta Perego | Pavel A. Volkov | Mathilde Toschini | Yana Kemna | Alexandra Mestre-Torá | Giulia Zheng | Artem O. Denisov | Folkert K. de Vries | Peter Rickhaus | Takashi Taniguchi | Kenji Watanabe | J. H. Pixley | Thomas Ihn | K. Ensslin
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-05-10)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Quasiparticle and superfluid dynamics in Magic-Angle Graphene Magic-Angle Twisted Bilayer Graphene shows a wide range of correlated phases which are electrostatically tunable. Despite a growing knowledge of the material, there is yet no consensus on the microscopic mechanisms driving its superconducting phase. In particular, elucidating the symmetry and formation mechanism of the superconducting phase may provide key insights for the understanding of unconventional, strongly coupled and topological superconductivity. A major obstacle to progress in this direction is that key thermodynamic properties, such as specific heat, electron-phonon coupling and superfluid stiffness, are extremely challenging to measure due to the 2D nature of the material and its relatively low energy scales. Here, we use a gate-defined, radio frequency-biased, Josephson junction to probe the electronic dynamics of magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG). We reveal both the electronic quasiparticle dynamics, driven by their thermalization through phonon scattering, as well as the condensate dynamics, driven by the inertia of Cooper pairs. From these properties we recover the evolution of thermalization rates, and the superfluid stiffness across the phase diagram. Our findings favor an anisotropic or nodal pairing state and allow to estimate the strength of electron-phonon coupling. These results contribute to understanding the underlying mechanisms of superconductivity in MATBG while establishing an easy-to-implement method for characterizing thermal and superfluid properties of superconducting 2D materials. Quasiparticle ; Superfluidity ; MAGIC (telescope) ; Condensed matter physics ; Physics ; Graphene ; Dynamics (music) ; Quantum mechanics ; Superconductivity Graphene research and applications ; Carbon Nanotubes in Composites ; Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies
Authors: Saran Vijayan | Fei Zhou
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-11-22)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Surface topological quantum criticality: Conformal manifolds and Discrete Strong Coupling Fixed Points In this article, we study quantum critical phenomena in surfaces of symmetry-protected topological matter, i.e. surface topological quantum criticality. A generic phase boundary of gapless surfaces in a symmetry-protected state shall be a co-dimension one manifold in an interaction parameter space of dimension $D_p$ (where $p$ refers to the parameter space) where the value of $D_p$ further depends on bulk topologies. In the context of fermionic topological insulators that we focus on, $D_p$ depends on the number of half-Dirac cones $\mathcal{N}$. We construct such manifolds explicitly for a few interaction parameter spaces with various $D_p$ values. Most importantly, we further illustrate that in cases with $D_p=3$ and $6$, there are sub-manifolds of fixed points that dictate the universalities of surface topological quantum criticality. These infrared stable manifolds are associated with emergent symmetries in the renormalization-group-equation flow naturally appearing in the loop expansion. Unlike in the usual order-disorder quantum critical phenomena, typically governed by an isolated Wilson-Fisher fixed point, we find in the one-loop approximation surface topological quantum criticalities are naturally captured by conformal manifolds where the number of marginal operators uniquely determines their co-dimensions. Isolated strong coupling fixed points also appear, usually as the endpoints in the phase boundary of surface topological quantum phases. However, their extreme infrared instabilities along multiple directions suggest that they shall be related to multi-critical surface topological quantum critical phenomena rather than generic surface topological quantum criticality. We also discuss and classify higher-loop symmetry-breaking effects, which can either distort the conformal manifolds or further break the conformal manifolds down to a few distinct fixed points. Conformal map ; Fixed point ; Criticality ; Coupling (piping) ; Surface (topology) ; Topology (electrical circuits) ; Quantum ; Mathematics ; Physics ; Quantum mechanics ; Mathematical analysis ; Geometry ; Combinatorics ; Engineering Graphene research and applications ; Topological Materials and Phenomena ; Theoretical and Computational Physics
Authors: Renjith Kumar R. | B. R. Geethika | Nancy Verma | Vishnu Chaudhari | J. V. Dave | Hem Chandra Joshi | Jinto Thomas
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-10-10)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Effect of ambient on the dynamics of re-deposition in the rear laser ablation of a thin film In this work, we report an innovative pump-probe based experimental set up, to study the melting, subsequent evaporation, plasma formation and redeposition in a thin film coated on a glass substrate under different ambient conditions and laser fluences. The ambient conditions restrict the expansion of the plasma plume. At high ambient pressure, plume expansion stops closer to the substrate and get re-deposited at the site of the ablation. This helps in the identification of multiple processes and their temporal evolutions during the melting, expansion and re-deposition stages. The ambient conditions affect the plasma plume formed upon ablation, thus modulating the transmission of probe laser pulses, which provides information about the plume dynamics. Further, the study offers valuable insights into the laser-based ablation of thin film coatings, which will have implications in in situ cleaning of view ports on large experimental facilities such as tokamaks and other systems e.g. coating units, pulsed laser deposition, Laser induced forward transfer, Laser surface structuring, etc. Thin film ; Materials science ; Deposition (geology) ; Ablation ; Laser ablation ; Laser ; Optics ; Dynamics (music) ; Composite material ; Optoelectronics ; Nanotechnology ; Aerospace engineering ; Engineering ; Physics ; Geology ; Acoustics Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma ; Laser Material Processing Techniques
Authors: Honglian Cong | Xiaowen Wu | Xian Huang | Pan Qiudong
Source: Autex Research Journal (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Modeling process for full forming sports underwear Abstract Most of the sports underwear available is sewn using cutting and sewing techniques. During the exercise process, it is easy to cause discomfort to the skin due to repeated friction at the seam, and at the same time, it is also a waste of manpower and raw material costs. In order to address these issues present in existing sports underwear, during its design and development, combined with fully forming knitting technology, construction process model, so as to realize the integrated knitting of sports underwear. First of all, through the characteristics of the local style of sports underwear, the key points of its prototype were probed. Second, on this basis, its process model was established, including the forming methods and knitting rules of the body, shoulder collar, and bottom circumference. Finally, the feasibility of the technological model is proved by the braiding of a fully formed sports underwear. The change in the body size can be achieved by using the two-side braiding transfer method. The curve contour of the shoulder and neck can be obtained by using the triangular polyline segmentation method. The bottom part is divided into a cylinder part and a supporting part. The local braiding method is used to achieve the knitting. This study puts forward a process model and application method of fully formed sports underwear, which provides a certain method and reference for the design and production of fully formed sports underwear. Process (computing) ; Manufacturing engineering ; Process engineering ; Engineering drawing ; Engineering ; Materials science ; Computer science Textile materials and evaluations ; Winter Sports Injuries and Performance ; Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
Authors: Simon Messelot | Nicolás Aparicio | Elie de Seze | Eric Eyraud | Johann Coraux | Kenji Watanabe | Takashi Taniguchi | Julien Renard
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-05-22)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Direct measurement of a $\sin(2φ)$ current phase relation in a graphene superconducting quantum interference device In a Josephson junction, the current phase relation relates the phase variation of the superconducting order parameter, $φ$, between the two superconducting leads connected through a weak link, to the dissipationless current . This relation is the fingerprint of the junction. It is usually dominated by a $\sin(φ)$ harmonic, however its precise knowledge is necessary to design superconducting quantum circuits with tailored properties. Here, we directly measure the current phase relation of a superconducting quantum interference device made with gate-tunable graphene Josephson junctions and we show that it can behave as a $\sin(2φ)$ Josephson element, free of the traditionally dominant $\sin(φ)$ harmonic. Such element will be instrumental for the development of superconducting quantum bits protected from decoherence. Graphene ; Superconductivity ; Quantum interference ; Interference (communication) ; Condensed matter physics ; Current (fluid) ; Physics ; Quantum ; Phase (matter) ; Quantum mechanics ; Computer science ; Telecommunications Graphene research and applications ; Quantum and electron transport phenomena ; Surface and Thin Film Phenomena
Authors: F. P. Israël | R. Güsten | A. Lundgren
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-09-04)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Central molecular zones in galaxies: 13CO(6-5) and molecular gas conditions in bright nearby galaxies We summarize all available 13CO and accompanying 12CO measurements of local galaxy centers in transitions of J=5-4 and higher, including new APEX 13CO(6-5) and 12CO(6-5) observations of 11 galaxies. The observed integrated temperature ratios of 12CO(6-5) to 12CO(1-0) range from 0.10 to 0.45. Multi-aperture data indicate that 13CO(6-5) is more centrally concentrated than 12CO(6-5). The emission of 12CO(6-5) and HCO+ but not HCN may be correlated. The new data are essential to constrain the physical properties of the galaxy center molecular gas even in a simple two-phase model approximating the more complex multi-phase structure. In all galaxies, except the Seyfert AGN galaxy NGC 1068, high J emission from the center is dominated by a dense (n = 100 000) and relatively cool (T = 20 to 60 K) high-pressure gas. In contrast, the low-J lines are dominated in most galaxies by low-pressure gas of a moderate density (n = 1000) and more elevated temperature (T = 60 to 150 K). The three exceptions with significant high-pressure gas contributions to the low J emission are all associated with active central star formation. Astrophysics ; Galaxy ; Physics ; Luminous infrared galaxy ; Peculiar galaxy ; Astronomy ; Galaxy group Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies ; Impact of Light on Environment and Health
Authors: Zhibo Yao | Zhaohua Xu | Xiaoyuan Hao | Jiajun He | Yanfeng Zhao | Xiangyu Liu | Yanfeng Li Yanfeng Li | Xueqian Zhang | Quan Xu | Su Xu | Jiaguang Han
Source: Chinese Optics Letters (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Mechanically reconfigurable terahertz polarization converter by coupling-mediated metasurfaces Free manipulation of electromagnetic waves in the terahertz (THz) band based on metasurface functional devices has been the focus of research in recent years.Among these devices, active metasurfaces have generated extensive research interest due to their reconfigurability.In this work, we demonstrate a mechanically reconfigurable THz polarization converter that consists of two parallel transmissive metasurfaces with a tunable spacing.By mechanically adjusting the coupling strength between the metasurfaces, the orthogonal polarization conversion of the incident linearly polarized THz waves can be tuned.Specifically, the device can be tuned from efficient dual-frequency orthogonal polarization conversion to efficient single-frequency orthogonal polarization conversion.After a gradual decrease in efficiency, it is finally changed to a low transmission state as the gap distance increases from 150 to 800 m.We theoretically analyze the tuning process under different spacings and experimentally verify it using a vector network analyzer.Our proposed design is straightforward and robust, with the potential to find wide applications in THz science and technology. Terahertz radiation ; Optics ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Metamaterial ; Materials science ; Optoelectronics ; Terahertz spectroscopy and technology ; Terahertz metamaterials ; Physics ; Far-infrared laser Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks ; Antenna Design and Analysis
Authors: Xing Huang | Akira Seino | Fuyuki Tokuda | Akinari Kobayashi | Dayuan Chen | Yasuhisa Hirata | Norman C. Tien | Kazuhiro Kosuge
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-09-11)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

SIS: Seam-Informed Strategy for T-shirt Unfolding Seams are information-rich components of garments. The presence of different types of seams and their combinations helps to select grasping points for garment handling. In this paper, we propose a new Seam-Informed Strategy (SIS) for finding actions for handling a garment, such as grasping and unfolding a T-shirt. Candidates for a pair of grasping points for a dual-arm manipulator system are extracted using the proposed Seam Feature Extraction Method (SFEM). A pair of grasping points for the robot system is selected by the proposed Decision Matrix Iteration Method (DMIM). The decision matrix is first computed by multiple human demonstrations and updated by the robot execution results to improve the grasping and unfolding performance of the robot. Note that the proposed scheme is trained on real data without relying on simulation. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. The project video is available at https://github.com/lancexz/sis Political science Textile materials and evaluations
Authors: Nathan Benjamin | Jaeha Lee | Sridip Pal | David Simmons–Duffin | Yixin Xu
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-05-27)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Angular fractals in thermal QFT We show that thermal effective field theory controls the long-distance expansion of the partition function of a $d$-dimensional QFT, with an insertion of any finite-order spatial isometry. Consequently, the thermal partition function on a sphere displays a fractal-like structure as a function of angular twist, reminiscent of the behavior of a modular form near the real line. As an example application, we find that for CFTs, the effective free energy of even-spin minus odd-spin operators at high temperature is smaller than the usual free energy by a factor of $1/2^d$. Near certain rational angles, the partition function receives subleading contributions from "Kaluza-Klein vortex defects" in the thermal EFT, which we classify. We illustrate our results with examples in free and holographic theories, and also discuss nonperturbative corrections from worldline instantons. Fractal ; Thermal ; Physics ; Mathematics ; Classical mechanics ; Theoretical physics ; Mathematical analysis ; Thermodynamics Textile materials and evaluations ; Theoretical and Computational Physics ; Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications
Authors: Fernando Parisio
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-09-10)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Quantum-state texture and gate identification We introduce and explore the notion of texture of an arbitrary quantum state, in a selected basis. In the first part of this letter we develop a resource theory and show that state texture is adequately described by an easily computable monotone, which is also directly measurable. It is shown that textures are useful in the characterization of unknown quantum gates in universal circuit layers. By using randomized input states and recording the textures of the output qubits we are able to fully characterize the circuit layer, whenever it contains at least one CNOT gate. This can be done without the need of tomographic protocols and the use of ancillary systems. Identification (biology) ; Texture (cosmology) ; Quantum ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer science ; Physics ; Quantum mechanics ; Biology Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques