jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: A. Bernardi | Luiz E. Borges da Silva | Giscard F. C. Veloso | José Alberto Ferreira Filho
Source: IEEE Access (article, 2022-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Characterization of the Ethanol-Water Blend by Acoustic Signature Analysis in Ultrasonic Signals The use of ethanol as fuel in Brazil stimulated the competition between distribution companies and resellers, which aggravated the practice of adulteration of fuels, aiming for illicit gains and tax evasion. The most common practice of adulteration in fuel alcohol is the addition of water. The classic techniques for measuring the water content in ethanol offer good precision and good detailing as to the presence of water. However, they present disadvantages such as the need for sample collection, long analysis time, in addition to the need for specialized laboratory and labor. This work aims to propose digital signal processing techniques to analyze and quantify the presence of water in ethanol fuel using a combination of Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) applied on ultrasonic signals. This method resulted in the proposal of a new score, which relates to the ethanol/water ratio information present in the mixture. The results were promising when relating the proposed score to the presence of moisture in ethanol to a greater or lesser degree. Experiments performed prove the technique&#x2019;s feasibility and pave the way for a new method for real-time monitoring. Signature (topology) ; Ultrasonic sensor ; Characterization (materials science) ; Acoustics ; Ethanol ; Materials science ; Ultrasonic imaging ; Computer science ; Biological system ; Physics ; Mathematics ; Chemistry ; Nanotechnology Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Statistical and numerical algorithms ; Fault Detection and Control Systems
Authors: Ling Ding | Amber N. Hoover | Rachel Emerson | Kuan-Ting Lin | Josephine N. Gruber | Bryon S. Donohoe | Jordan Klinger | Rachel D. Colby | Brad J. Thomas | William A. Smith | Allison E. Ray
Source: Frontiers in Energy Research (article, 2022-02-03)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Image Analysis for Rapid Assessment and Quality-Based Sorting of Corn Stover Imaging in the visible spectrum is a low-cost tool that can be readily deployed for in-field or over-belt monitoring of biomass quality for bio-refining operations. Rapid image analysis coupled with innovative preprocessing may reduce the impacts of feedstock variability through identification of contaminants or other material attributes to guide selective sorting and quality management. Image analysis was employed to evaluate the quality of corn stover in red-green-blue (RGB) chromatic space. This study used controlled, bench-scale imaging as a proof-of-concept for rapid quality assessment of corn stover based on variations in material attributes, including chemical and physical attributes, that relate to biological degradation and soil contamination. Logistic regression-based classification algorithms were used to develop a method for biomass screening as a function of biological degradation or soil contamination. This study demonstrated the use of image analysis to extract features from RGB color space to investigate variations in critical material attributes from chemical composition of corn stover. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) suggested a correlation between red band intensity and biological degradation, while detailed surface texture analysis was found to distinguish among variations in ash. These insights offer promise for development of a rapid screening tool that could be deployed by farmers for in-field assessment of biomass quality or biorefinery operators for in-line sorting and process optimization. Corn stover ; Environmental science ; Biomass (ecology) ; Stover ; Biorefinery ; Artificial intelligence ; RGB color model ; Biological system ; Process engineering ; Computer science ; Mathematics ; Biofuel ; Waste management ; Engineering ; Agronomy ; Statistics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Mineral Processing and Grinding ; Smart Agriculture and AI
Authors: Mhanna Mhanna | Mohamed Sy | Aamir Farooq
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2022-08-22)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

A selective laser-based sensor for fugitive methane emissions Abstract A mid-infrared laser-based sensor is reported for the quantification of fugitive methane emissions. The sensor is based on a distributed feedback inter-band cascade laser (DFB – ICL) operating near 3.3 µm. Wavelength tuning with cepstral analysis is employed to isolate methane absorbance from (1) fluctuations in the baseline laser intensity, and (2) interfering species. Cepstral analysis creates a modified form of the time-domain molecular free-induction-decay (m-FID) signal to temporally separate optical and molecular responses. The developed sensor is insensitive to baseline laser intensity imperfections and spectral interference from other species. Accurate measurements of methane in the presence of a representative interfering species, benzene, are performed by careful selection of the scan index (ratio of laser tuning range to spectral linewidth) and initial and final time of m-FID signal fitting. The minimum detection limit of the sensor is ~ 50 ppm which can be enhanced with an optical cavity. The proposed sensing strategy can be utilized to measure methane leaks in harsh environments and in the presence of interfering species. Laser linewidth ; Methane ; Laser ; Absorbance ; SIGNAL (programming language) ; Materials science ; Interference (communication) ; Wavelength ; Detection limit ; Optics ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Optoelectronics ; Chemistry ; Physics ; Computer science ; Telecommunications Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics ; Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
Authors: Fatemeh Sadat Hashemi-Nasab | Hamid Abdollahi | Romá Tauler | Cyril Ruckebusch | Hadi Parastar
Source: Analytica Chimica Acta (article, 2022-08-30)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Mutual information map as a new way for exploring the independence of chemically meaningful solutions in two-component analytical data Independent component analysis ; Independence (probability theory) ; Hyperspectral imaging ; Mutual information ; Component (thermodynamics) ; Chemistry ; Plot (graphics) ; Constraint (computer-aided design) ; Principal component analysis ; Component analysis ; Noise (video) ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Algorithm ; Artificial intelligence ; Statistics ; Mathematics ; Image (mathematics) ; Computer science Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Blind Source Separation Techniques ; Electrochemical Analysis and Applications
Authors: Hery Purnobasuki | GALUH AYU RAKHASHIWI | JUNAIRIAH JUNAIRIAH | Dwi Kusuma Wahyuni | Ramadhani Eka Putra | Rika Raffiudin | RC HIDAYAT SOESSILOHADI
Source: Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity (article, 2022-08-07)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Morpho-anatomical characterization and DNA barcode of Cosmos caudatus Kunth. Abstract. Purnobasuki H, Rakhashiwi GA, Junairiah, Wahyuni DK, Putra RE, Raffiudin R, Soessilohadi RCH. 2022. Morpho-anatomical characterization and DNA barcode of Cosmos caudatus Kunth. Biodiversitas 23: 4097-4108. Secondary metabolites in plants have various benefits, therefore their distribution in plant body parts is important to study. The identification process of plants should be conducted using several characters, including morphological and molecular data. This study aimed to identify and confirm Cosmos caudatus Kunth using morpho-anatomy characters and DNA barcodes. The plants used were three samples taken from the Husada Graha Famili Park, Surabaya. The morpho-anatomical investigation was carried out descriptively, while the DNA barcoding study was processed by amplifying and sequencing the rbcL and matK genes. Morphological studies indicate that the roots and stems of C. caudatus are similar to the organs of dicots shrubs in general. The leaves have a pinnate type with two different colors on each side of the leaf. Compound flowers are cup-type with two types of flowers, namely disc flowers and ray flowers. Based on anatomical observation, all vegetative organs have the same tissue as dicotyledonous plants. The anatomical characteristic of C. caudatus lies in its trichomes due to its anthocyanin content and stomata which are anomocytic and anisocytic types. DNA barcoding results showed that the three sample plants had identical similarities with several Cosmos genera contained in the GenBank database with percentage identities values ??above 98%, query covers 96-100%, and e-values ??of 0. Trichome ; DNA barcoding ; Biology ; Botany ; Morpho ; Plant morphology ; Plant anatomy ; Evolutionary biology Coconut Research and Applications ; Medicinal Plant Research
Authors: Jan-Lukas Archut | Ruben Kins | Yousef Heider | Frederik Cloppenburg | Bernd Markert | Thomas Gries | Burkhard Corves
Source: Applied Mechanics (article, 2022-04-24)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

A Study of the Mechanical Response of Nonwovens Excited by Plate Vibration Nonwovens are a type of textile that possess a wide range of unique properties, such as lightweight and damping characteristics, which make them suitable for many applications as in medicine and engineering. In this study, the focus lies on the mechanical response of nonwovens as a multiphase porous layer excited by an underlying vibrating plate. The material properties of the nonwovens are characterized via laboratory measurements applied to different samples. In particular, a dynamic analysis of the underlying thin plate is carried out to obtain its eigenmodes and, thus, the maximum response. These eigenmodes are then utilized in the boundary conditions in an advanced numerical porous media model to simulate the dynamic response of the anisotropic fibrous material. To understand the coupled processes in the fibrous textile material, a three-dimensional initial-boundary-value problem of porous media dynamics is introduced. The numerical results demonstrate the capability of the proposed model to realize the interplay between the pore-air pressure and the effective stresses during nonwovens vibration and, thus, the role of the pore air in vibration-induced fiber-fiber friction reduction as well as the effectiveness of the nonwovens in the dissipation of the kinetic energy, i.e., damping propagating acoustic waves. Materials science ; Dissipation ; Vibration ; Composite material ; Porous medium ; Porosity ; Boundary value problem ; Fiber ; Anisotropy ; Computer simulation ; Acoustics ; Mechanics ; Optics ; Physics Textile materials and evaluations ; Vibration and Dynamic Analysis ; Mechanical Behavior of Composites
Authors: Loukas Petrou | Kypros M. Kossifos | Marco A. Antoniades | Julius Georgiou
Source: IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology (article, 2022-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

A Programmable Complex Impedance IC for Scalable and Reconfigurable Meta-Atoms This article presents the design of a fully-custom integrated circuit (IC) suitable for adjusting the complex impedance of individual meta-atoms to enable programmability of metasurface systems. Implemented in a 0.18 μm mixed-signal CMOS process, the circuit utilizes four integrated complex impedance elements, each one with 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sup> available states. The impedance elements are optimized between 2–6 GHz, thus covering the entire S-band as well as half of the C-band. An asynchronous digital control circuit based on Quasi Delay Insensitive (QDI) circuits has been employed, offering basic communication capabilities and software programmability, but most importantly, the clockless operation allows for extreme scalability, ultra-low static power consumption and low electromagnetic (EM) radiated emissions. An array of meta-atoms utilizing the ICs can form metasurfaces with arbitrary sizes and shapes, on both rigid and flexible substrates, adjusting their surface impedance without interfering with incoming EM waves. Measurement results of the 2.2 mm × 2.2 mm IC demonstrate that it achieves a reconfiguration frequency of 1 MHz for all loading elements, whilst consuming 324 μW static power consumption. Scalability ; Electrical impedance ; Control reconfiguration ; High impedance ; Computer science ; Electronic engineering ; CMOS ; Electronic circuit ; Integrated circuit ; Electrical engineering ; Engineering ; Embedded system Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Antenna Design and Analysis
Authors: Hanyu Xie | Changjun Li | Wenlong Jia | Caigong Zhang
Source: Energies (article, 2022-08-19)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Three-Dimensional CFD Modeling on the Thermal Characteristics of Buried Oil Pipeline Involving the Heat Transfer of Wax Layer It is common to have a wax layer on the inner wall of waxy crude oil pipeline. However, the study of the wax layer on the heat transfer of buried pipeline systems is inadequate due to its instability of composition and properties; it may lead to the inaccurate prediction of the pipeline temperature field. Based on the finite element simulation technology, a three-dimensional heat transfer model of buried crude oil pipeline involving wax layer was proposed and solved. The thermal effect of the wax layer on pipeline system was analyzed quantitatively. Numerical results show that the average deviation of soil temperature near the pipeline reach 1.42 K when there is a 4 mm wax layer. Among different thermal conductivity models of heterogeneous materials, the EMT model plays best in predicting the conductivity of a waxy layer. By setting different working conditions, the influence mechanisms of several thermal influencing factors are discussed. The results show that the thermal influence range of heated pipe is positively associated with oil temperature and velocity. The core thermal response zone is about 12 m along the X-axis. Beyond 8 m depth from ground surface, the temperature fluctuation of soil is almost unaffected by the oil pipeline. Wax ; Thermal conductivity ; Heat transfer ; Pipeline (software) ; Thermal ; Petroleum engineering ; Materials science ; Layer (electronics) ; Pipeline transport ; Environmental science ; Mechanics ; Geotechnical engineering ; Geology ; Composite material ; Mechanical engineering ; Thermodynamics ; Engineering ; Environmental engineering Petroleum Processing and Analysis ; Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis ; Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques
Authors: A.S. Abdelrazik | R. Saidur | Fahad A. Al‐Sulaiman
Source: Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (article, 2022-11-27)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Insights on the thermal potential of a state-of-the-art palm oil/MXene nanofluid in a circular pipe Nanofluid ; Nusselt number ; Thermal conductivity ; Heat transfer ; Materials science ; Nanoparticle ; Reynolds number ; Thermodynamics ; Nanomaterials ; Composite material ; Nanotechnology MXene and MAX Phase Materials ; Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods ; Fuel Cells and Related Materials
Authors: Clement Kehinde Ajani | Zhiwei Zhu | Da‐Wen Sun
Source: Transport in Porous Media (article, 2022-06-07)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Microstructural Classification and Reconstruction of the Computational Geometry of Steamed Bread Using Descriptor-Based Approach Abstract Microstructures affect the properties of food products; accurate and relatively less complex microstructural representations are thus needed for modelling of transport phenomena during food processing. Hence, the present study aimed at developing computational microstructures of steamed bread using descriptor-based approach. Relevant information was extracted from the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the steamed bread and evaluated using seven classifiers. For the automatic classification and using all descriptors, bagged trees ensembles (BTE) had the highest accuracy of 98.40%, while Gaussian Naïve Bayes was the least with 92.10% accuracy. In the “step forward” analysis, five descriptors had higher classification accuracy (98.80%) than all descriptors, implying that increase in descriptors might or might not increase classification accuracy. Microstructural validation revealed that the ellipse fitting method with a p value of 0.7984 for the area was found to be superior to the Voronoi method with a corresponding p value of 1.4554 × 10 −5 , confirming that the ellipse developed microstructure was more suitable for microscale modelling of transport phenomena in steamed bread. Ellipse ; Artificial intelligence ; Microscale chemistry ; Microstructure ; Voronoi diagram ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Mathematics ; Gaussian ; Biological system ; Computer science ; Geometry ; Materials science ; Chemistry Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Food composition and properties ; Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
Authors: Wallyson Rodrigues de Paula | Carlos Augusto de Souza Oliveira
Source: Research Society and Development (article, 2022-03-09)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Avaliação da utilização do rejeito de minério de ferro na formulação de argamassas A pesquisa realizada teve como objetivo a realização de um estudo exploratório utilizando o rejeito proveniente do beneficiamento do minério de ferro na produção de argamassas. Para isso, foi realizada a caracterização dos materiais utilizados, dentre eles o rejeito do beneficiamento do minério de ferro. O rejeito de minério de ferro (RMF) foi utilizado na produção das argamassas, em substituição parcial ao agregado miúdo, sendo desenvolvidos traços de argamassa com teores de RMF de 0%, 25 %, 50% e 100% de substituição, em massa, ao agregado miúdo convencional. Foi avaliado comparativamente a influência da utilização desse rejeito na reologia e desempenho mecânico das argamassas, estabelecendo correlações entre os percentuais de rejeito utilizados e as mudanças nas propriedades desses materiais. Os resultados obtidos apontaram o potencial do uso do rejeito de minério de ferro na produção de argamassas, sendo o traço de argamassa com o teor de 25% de RMF que apresentou o melhor desempenho mecânico e parâmetros de durabilidade. Humanities ; Physics ; Art Material Selection and Properties ; Tunneling and Rock Mechanics ; Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies
Authors: Eric W. Deutsch | Luis Mendoza | David Shteynberg | Michael R. Hoopmann | Zhi Sun | Jimmy K. Eng | Robert L. Moritz
Source: ChemRxiv (preprint, 2022-10-05)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

The Trans-Proteomic Pipeline: Robust Mass Spectrometry-based Proteomics Data Analysis Suite The Trans-Proteomic Pipeline mass spectrometry data analysis suite has been in continual development and refinement since its first tools PeptideProphet and ProteinProphet were published twenty years ago. The current release provides a large complement of tools for spectrum processing, spectrum searching, search validation, abundance computation, protein inference, and more. Many of the tools include machine-learning modeling to extract the most information from datasets and build robust statistical models to compute the probabilities that derived information is correct. Here we present the latest information on the many TPP tools, and how TPP can be deployed on various platforms from personal Windows laptops to Linux clusters and expansive cloud computing environments. We describe tutorials on how to use TPP in a variety of ways and describe synergistic projects that leverage TPP. We conclude with plans for continued development of TPP. Suite ; Computer science ; Leverage (statistics) ; Pipeline (software) ; Expansive ; Cloud computing ; Proteomics ; Inference ; Data mining ; Data science ; Machine learning ; Artificial intelligence ; Chemistry ; Operating system ; Geography Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Authors: Zhantao Chen | Xiaozhe Shen | Nina Andrejevic | Tongtong Liu | Duan Luo | Thanh Nguyen | Nathan C. Drucker | M. Kozina | Qichen Song | Chengyun Hua | Gang Chen | Xijie Wang | Jing Kong | Mingda Li
Source: Advanced Materials (article, 2022-11-28)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Panoramic Mapping of Phonon Transport from Ultrafast Electron Diffraction and Scientific Machine Learning One central challenge in understanding phonon thermal transport is a lack of experimental tools to investigate frequency-resolved phonon transport. Although recent advances in computation lead to frequency-resolved information, it is hindered by unknown defects in bulk regions and at interfaces. Here, a framework that can uncover microscopic phonon transport information in heterostructures is presented, integrating state-of-the-art ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) with advanced scientific machine learning (SciML). Taking advantage of the dual temporal and reciprocal-space resolution in UED, and the ability of SciML to solve inverse problems involving <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msup><mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msup> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow> <mml:annotation>$\mathcal{O}({10^3})$</mml:annotation></mml:semantics> </mml:math> coupled Boltzmann transport equations, the frequency-dependent interfacial transmittance and frequency-dependent relaxation times of the heterostructure from the diffraction patterns are reliably recovered. The framework is applied to experimental Au/Si UED data, and a transport pattern beyond the diffuse mismatch model is revealed, which further enables a direct reconstruction of real-space, real-time, frequency-resolved phonon dynamics across the interface. The work provides a new pathway to probe interfacial phonon transport mechanisms with unprecedented details. Phonon ; Ultrafast electron diffraction ; Materials science ; Heterojunction ; Relaxation (psychology) ; Reciprocal lattice ; Diffraction ; Boltzmann equation ; Condensed matter physics ; Electron diffraction ; Optoelectronics ; Optics ; Physics ; Thermodynamics Thermal properties of materials ; Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices ; Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies