jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Source: International Journal of Corrosion and Scale Inhibition (article, 2026-04-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Study of machined surface roughness parameters and their role in the degradation behaviour of a magnesium-manganese alloy The corrosion control of magnesium (Mg) and its alloys has been an issue of concern for its applications in biomedical and electronic components.Manganese (Mn) is an important alloying element that improves corrosion resistance by forming new phases and grain refinement in Mg alloys.Despite several corrosion mitigation techniques, the quest for novel sustainable ways remains an active area of research.In this study, the influence of the machined surface on the corrosion behaviour of the Mg-Mn alloy has been investigated.The results have been compared with a polished surface.Surface geometrical parameters and the wettability of the surfaces have been considered as parameters that influence corrosion.Tests were conducted in 3.5% NaCl solution and artificial human sweat (AHS) media.The investigation reveals that machining a surface with a correct set of parameters induces corrosion inhibition behaviour in the alloy samples in both 3.5% NaCl and AHS media.Potentiodynamic polarization test results have shown that the machined surfaces exhibit a 70.2% and 29.5% lower corrosion rate than the polished surfaces in 3.5% NaCl and AHS media, respectively.Improved surface roughness parameters, such as Rp, Rt, Rz and Rv values, as well as the oxide layer formed on machined surfaces, play a significant role in imparting corrosion resistance.The corrosion attack in the AHS medium is more severe than in the 3.5% NaCl medium on both polished and machined surfaces. Corrosion ; Surface roughness ; Alloy ; Surface finish ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Wetting ; Machining Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications ; Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis ; Advanced Machining and Optimization Techniques
Authors: Weitao Dou | Xitong Sun | Yanping Gao | Shudong Wang | Kai Tao | Yunjia Li
Source: Sensors (article, 2026-02-02)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

In Situ Oil–Gas Separator Enabled Carrier-Free Photoacoustic Sensing of Acetylene In this work, a carrier-free photoacoustic spectroscopy system is developed for the detection of trace acetylene gas in insulating oil. The photoacoustic cell was integrated with an oil-gas separator, allowing dissolved gases in oil to be introduced into the cell through free diffusion. The oil-gas separator is a custom-fabricated AF2400-coated ceramic membrane, and its spin-coating process was carefully designed to enable rapid oil-gas separation and achieve high film flatness. Using a resonant photoacoustic cell and a low-noise lock-in amplifier, the sensitivity of the system was improved to 6.90 mV/ppm, with a repeatability error less than 1.65%. Calibration experiments demonstrated that continuous detection of dissolved gas in oil could be achieved, with a response time <i>T</i><sub>90</sub> of less than 72.5 min. Compared to traditional photoacoustic spectroscopy, the continuous measurement capability of this method is expected to enable earlier fault diagnosis, thus having greater potential in industrial fields. Separator (oil production) ; Photoacoustic spectroscopy ; Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine ; Repeatability ; Acetylene ; Photoacoustic effect ; Calibration ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques ; Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging
Authors: Austin Fisher | Mariah Thomas | Angela Madira | Jerol Skinner | Lauren Wilcox | Cammi Valdez
Source: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education (article, 2026-02-13)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Three‐Dimensional Printed Amino Acids as a Kinesthetic Learning Tool for Biochemistry Teaching and Learning Proteins are at the center of course content for Biochemistry, and thus it is critical for students to be familiar with amino acids and their structures. We aim to determine if the use of a kinesthetic learning tool will increase short- and long-term undergraduate student knowledge retention of amino acids and their structures. The treatment group received a set of 3D printed amino acids to study and was assigned an amino acid to create using 3D modeling software. Quantitative assessment data were collected in quiz and exam formats. The treatment group completed a quantitative online survey and qualitative interview on their experience. Upper division undergraduate students overwhelmingly reported that designing a 3D amino acid provided a sense of accomplishment and added value to their experience in biochemistry. Short-term structural knowledge retention was improved in the treatment group, as determined by quiz scores. Most students indicated they would recommend this assignment to future students. Through this work, we have shown that incorporating 3D printing as a kinesthetic learning tool in Biochemistry not only improves short-term undergraduate student knowledge retention of amino acid structure, but also provides an engaging mechanism for students to interact hands-on with content that adds value to their learning experience. Kinesthetic learning ; Amino acid ; 3d printed ; Set (abstract data type) ; Knowledge retention ; Cooperative learning Various Chemistry Research Topics ; Anatomy and Medical Technology ; Science Education and Pedagogy
Authors: Tom Hoekstra | Mark L. Brongersma | Jorik van de Groep
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (article, 2026-04-08)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Hybrid-2D Excitonic Metasurfaces for Complex Amplitude Modulation Dynamic control of visible light is crucial for technologies such as holographic displays and adaptive optics. Passive metasurfaces can shape wavefronts at the subwavelength scale and active metasurfaces promise to extend this functionality into the temporal domain. However, existing metasurfaces for dynamic phase manipulation typically cannot deliver phase modulation across a broad range without causing variations in the scattering amplitude. Here, we use an inverse-design pipeline to numerically demonstrate a hybrid-2D excitonic metasurface platform offering independent amplitude and phase control in the visible regime. Harnessing the gate-tunable excitonic response of monolayer WS2 retrieved from experiments, we design a pi-phase modulator with a uniform amplitude profile. Adding a second tunable monolayer, we achieve independent control of the amplitude and phase over the full 0-2pi phase range, which we leverage for a reconfigurable beam-steering metadevice. Our results demonstrate how hybrid-2D excitonic metasurfaces enable electrically tunable wavefront shaping in the visible regime. Amplitude ; Wavefront ; Holography ; Phase modulation ; Amplitude modulation ; Phase (matter) ; Modulation (music) ; Phase response ; Scattering Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing ; Random lasers and scattering media
Authors: Lucas Meyer | Anna Kowalczyk
Source: International Journal of Mechanical and Thermal Engineering (article, 2026-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A comparative research of basic mechanical properties of common workshop metals used in undergraduate laboratories This research presents a comparative evaluation of basic mechanical properties of commonly used workshop metals employed in undergraduate engineering laboratories, with the aim of strengthening practical understanding of material behavior. Metals such as mild steel, aluminium, brass, and cast iron are routinely used in laboratory experiments involving tensile testing, hardness measurement, and impact loading, yet students often treat experimental outcomes as isolated results rather than interconnected material responses. The present investigation focuses on tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, hardness, and impact energy to provide an integrated comparison of these properties under standardized test conditions. Specimens were prepared according to relevant ASTM standards and tested using universal testing machines, Brinell hardness testers, and Charpy impact apparatus commonly available in teaching laboratories. The measured data were statistically analyzed to identify trends, variability, and correlations between mechanical parameters across different metals. Results demonstrate clear contrasts in strength-ductility balance, with mild steel exhibiting superior toughness, aluminium showing favorable strength-to-weight characteristics, brass providing moderate strength with good machinability, and cast iron displaying high hardness with limited ductility. The comparative framework adopted in this research enables students to relate microstructural characteristics to observed mechanical performance more effectively. By emphasizing consistency in testing procedures and interpretation of results, the research highlights the pedagogical value of comparative material testing in undergraduate curricula. The findings support the incorporation of structured comparison-based experiments to enhance conceptual clarity, reduce misconceptions, and improve laboratory learning outcomes in mechanical and manufacturing engineering education. Overall, the research contributes to improved laboratory pedagogy by linking fundamental mechanical properties with practical material selection considerations. The approach also encourages critical analysis, reinforces standard testing terminology, and promotes alignment between theoretical coursework and hands-on experimentation, thereby preparing students for informed engineering practice and responsible material selection in industrial and research environments within resource constrained academic laboratory settings globally. Brinell scale ; Charpy impact test ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Consistency (knowledge bases) ; Tensile testing ; Brass ; Experimental research ; Materials testing Material Selection and Properties ; Engineering Education and Pedagogy ; Construction Engineering and Safety
Authors: Benjamin Dinan
Source:  (article, 2026-03-31)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Enhancing Student Understanding of Heat Treatment and Microstructure Through Integrated Laboratory Experiences specializing in Materials Science and dedicated to advancing materials education.Prior to academia, he spent more than a decade in the packaging manufacturing industry and now draws on that manufacturing experience to enrich the classroom.His Microstructure ; Work (physics) ; Context (archaeology) ; Field (mathematics) Material Selection and Properties ; Engineering Education and Pedagogy ; Various Chemistry Research Topics
Authors: Raine E. S. Thomson | Yosephine Gumulya | Anthony W. Bengochea | Gabriel Foley | Julian Zaugg | Anna Aagaard | Connie M. Ross | James R. Beckett | Mikael Bodén | Ulrik Jurva | Martin A. Hayes | Shalini Andersson | Elizabeth M. J. Gillam
Source: The EMBO Journal (article, 2026-03-26)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Thermostable ancestors enabled evolutionary diversification of promiscuous chemical defence enzymes Enzymes are generally believed to evolve from promiscuous ancestors to more specialized descendants under some selection pressure related to their function. However, enzymes whose function depends on substrate promiscuity have not been studied. Here, we show that a group of highly diverse, xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, responsible for defense against a constantly changing battery of xenobiotic chemicals, evolved from highly thermostable ancestors. Thermostability declined in parallel with the accumulation of sequence diversity through evolution. The major lineages differed in their relative diversification, with the more stable lineage leading to greater extant sequence diversity. Thermostability was associated with a trend towards better sequestration of hydrophobic residues within the core of the protein and increased exposure of polar residues in solvent-accessible parts of the structure. Resurrected ancestral forms were active towards typical substrates and exhibited ligand-binding promiscuity comparable to, or greater than, their extant descendants. This work supports the hypothesis that robust ancestors facilitate evolutionary diversification and highlights features responsible for enhancing thermostability in a protein fold. Thermostability ; Extant taxon ; Lineage (genetic) ; Molecular evolution ; Promiscuity ; Diversification (marketing strategy) ; Phylogenetics ; Protein evolution ; Natural selection Enzyme Structure and Function ; Metal-Catalyzed Oxygenation Mechanisms ; Protein Structure and Dynamics
Authors: R. Umamaheswara Singh | K. Chandra Sekhar | Siddoju Rajesham | Chandrasekhar Maalegoundla | Md. Shareefuddin
Source: Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) (article, 2026-03-05)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Shielding Capabilities of B Protective materials are becoming growing in significance in both industrial and daily applications, which has led to an increase in the significance of them in research. MoO3, CdO are such high density chemicals which were used to prepare the present glasses with composition 60B2O3-20CdO-10ZnO-(10-x)K2O-xMoO3 where x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 & 2. To determine the sample's amorphous phase, the produced samples were first exposed to the XRD. The spectra's missing distinct peaks demonstrated the materials' amorphous phase. Since greater density offers more protection against radiation penetration, density is essential in radiation-resistant glasses. The concept of Archimedes is used to analyse the glasses' density, and the variance is attributed to the transition of BO3 and BO4 units. Shielding properties like MAC and LAC are assessed using Phys-x/PSD software. The PE, CE, and PP in various energy areas are used to describe these factors. Amorphous solid ; Electromagnetic shielding ; Energy density ; Radiation ; Radiation shielding ; Energy (signal processing) Radiation Shielding Materials Analysis ; Glass properties and applications ; Polymer Nanocomposite Synthesis and Irradiation
Authors: R. Umamaheswara Singh | K. Chandra Sekhar | Siddoju Rajesham | Chandrasekhar Maalegoundla | Md. Shareefuddin
Source: EPJ Web of Conferences (article, 2026-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Shielding Capabilities of B <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> -CdO-ZnO-K <sub>2</sub> O-MoO <sub>3</sub> Glasses against Gamma Radiation Protective materials are becoming growing in significance in both industrial and daily applications, which has led to an increase in the significance of them in research. MoO 3 , CdO are such high density chemicals which were used to prepare the present glasses with composition 60B 2 O 3 -20CdO-10ZnO-(10-x)K 2 O-xMoO3 where x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 &amp; 2. To determine the sample's amorphous phase, the produced samples were first exposed to the XRD. The spectra's missing distinct peaks demonstrated the materials' amorphous phase. Since greater density offers more protection against radiation penetration, density is essential in radiation-resistant glasses. The concept of Archimedes is used to analyse the glasses' density, and the variance is attributed to the transition of BO 3 and BO 4 units. Shielding properties like MAC and LAC are assessed using Phys-x/PSD software. The PE, CE, and PP in various energy areas are used to describe these factors. Amorphous solid ; Electromagnetic shielding ; Radiation ; Energy density ; Radiation shielding ; High energy Radiation Shielding Materials Analysis ; Glass properties and applications ; Polymer Nanocomposite Synthesis and Irradiation
Authors: Marek Michalski
Source: Materials research proceedings (article, 2026-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Mechanical Properties of Camouflage Coating Systems Used in Military Technology Abstract. This article presents the results of experimental studies on the performance properties of camouflage coating systems intended for military applications. Three types of paint systems were tested: a reference system (SP1), a system modified with carbon nanotubes (SP2), and a system modified with glass microspheres (SP3). The coatings were applied to low-carbon steel substrates and tested for abrasion, erosion, and scratch resistance according to Polish and ISO standards. The results showed that the unmodified coating (SP1) demonstrated the highest abrasion and erosion resistance, while the system containing glass microspheres (SP3) achieved the best scratch resistance (10.78 N). Modification with carbon nanotubes (SP2) did not significantly improve the mechanical durability of the coatings. The studies confirm that the use of selected modifiers can improve some functional parameters of paint systems, but not necessarily all performance properties. The results provide a basis for further optimization of camouflage coatings used in military applications. Their purpose is to increase their service life and mechanical strength under demanding environmental and operational conditions. Camouflage ; Coating ; Scratch ; Abrasion (mechanical) ; Durability ; Carbon nanotube ; Service life Pigment Synthesis and Properties ; Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies ; Smart Materials for Construction
Authors: Manabu Machida | Koichi Mayumi
Source: Polymer Journal (article, 2026-04-10)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Tikhonov regularization-based reconstruction of partial scattering functions obtained from contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering Abstract Contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering (CV-SANS) has been widely employed for conducting nano structural analyses of multicomponent systems. In CV-SANS experiments, the scattering intensities of samples with different scattering contrasts are decomposed into partial scattering functions that correspond to the structure of each component and the cross-correlations between different components via singular value decomposition (SVD). However, the estimation of partial scattering functions with small absolute values often suffers from instability due to the significant differences among the singular values. In this paper, we propose a remedy for this instability by introducing Tikhonov regularization, which ensures a more stable reconstruction of the partial scattering functions. Scattering ; Tikhonov regularization ; Neutron scattering ; Small-angle neutron scattering ; Biological small-angle scattering ; Instability ; Scattering length X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography ; Block Copolymer Self-Assembly ; Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
Authors: Artem M. Rumyantsev | Alexey A. Gavrilov
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (article, 2026-02-05)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Scaling Law for Sequence-Induced Demixing of Compositionally Identical Copolymers The critical incompatibility of polymers with different compositions scales inversely with their length. For instance, a mixture of A and B homopolymers of length $N$ segregates at $χ_{AB}^{cr} = 2/N$. But what if the difference between the blend components is subtler? We demonstrate that a mixture of AB copolymers with identical composition -- equal amounts of A and B monomers -- but different primary sequences can still phase separate. Incompatibility arises from distinct positional correlations between monomers of different chains. Calculating the Gaussian fluctuation correction to the free energy reveals that critical incompatibility from sequence differences follows a distinct yet universal scaling with chain length, $χ_{AB}^{cr} \sim 1 / \sqrt{N}$. This power law holds for both regular-sequence and statistical copolymers. A closed-form expression is derived for blends of block-alternating chains. The new theoretical scaling is confirmed by coarse-grained simulations, offering important insights into multiphase coexistence in biomolecular condensates. Scaling ; Power law ; Copolymer ; Polymer ; Scaling law ; Chain (unit) ; Monomer ; Sequence (biology) Block Copolymer Self-Assembly ; Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics ; Advanced Physical and Chemical Molecular Interactions
Authors: T. Schöne | Theresa Hennig
Source: Advances in geosciences (article, 2026-02-12)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Pore water or groundwater chemistry: what governs uranium migration in Opalinus Clay? Abstract. Pore water in the containment providing rock zone (CRZ) and groundwater from the surrounding aquifers provide the chemical initial conditions and boundaries for reactive transport simulations of radionuclide migration in the context of radioactive waste disposal. Hydrochemical differences between the two hydrogeological domains lead to gradients in the pore water profile across the CRZ, which affect sorption, diffusion, and thus migration of radionuclides such as uranium. However, pore water and groundwater compositions differ on the spatial and temporal scales relevant to safety assessments. To quantify the impact of this variability, we performed one-dimensional reactive transport simulations of uranium migration through Opalinus Clay using the geochemical code PHREEQC, varying both initial and boundary conditions. Our results show that uranium migration distances differ by several decametres over one million years depending on the initial pore water composition in the CRZ. Variations in groundwater chemistry only affect natural uranium concentrations close to the contacts between CRZ and its bounding aquifers. Consequently, the pore water composition in the CRZ is more decisive for uranium migration than hydrochemical variations in embedding aquifers. Groundwater ; Uranium ; Pore water pressure ; Aquifer ; Hydrogeology ; Context (archaeology) ; Radioactive waste Radioactive element chemistry and processing ; Radioactive contamination and transfer ; Radioactivity and Radon Measurements
Authors: Juan Carlos González Islas | Ernesto Bolaños Rodríguez | Asdrúbal López-Chau | Gildardo Godinez-Garrido | Aldo Márquez-Grajales | Fernando Salas-Martínez
Source: ITEGAM- Journal of Engineering and Technology for Industrial Applications (ITEGAM-JETIA) (article, 2026-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Evaluation of the Performance of Computational Models for the Analysis of the Protection of Mirror Coatings with Data Obtained Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy This research predicts the impedance function of mirror coatings using three curve fitting models implemented in MATLAB, such as: Polynomial fit (Polyfit), Cubic Spline fitting (CSAPS) and Local Regression Smoothing (LOESS) to carry out the analysis of the protection of mirror coatings in which the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) technique has been used. The electrochemical impedance parameters and their equivalent circuits have been measured from the data recorded at 5 and 24 hours of exposure of the sample under study to the aggressive agent sodium chloride at weight 3%. The methodology is structured into training (parameter calibration) and testing (performance evaluation) stages. The performance of the models in the training stage is carried out by cross-validation and in the testing stage it is quantified using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and the determination coefficient (R2). The main results obtained show that the CSAPS method at 5 and 24 hours after exposing the system to the electrolyte is the most robust and consistent in cross-validation and the most accurate and reliable in performance when evaluating the complete data set with an &nbsp;3.40 and&nbsp; &nbsp;3.78, and &nbsp; &nbsp;in both cases . &nbsp; Electrical impedance ; Dielectric spectroscopy ; Curve fitting ; Smoothing spline ; Smoothing ; Equivalent circuit ; Mean squared error ; Polynomial ; Regression analysis ; Linear regression Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition ; Electrodeposition and Electroless Coatings ; Diverse Musicological Studies