jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Yanyu Chen | Xiaochan Wang | Xiaolei Zhang | Ye Sun | Haiyan Sun | Dezhi Wang | Xin Xu
Source: Agronomy (article, 2023-03-21)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Spectral Quantitative Analysis and Research of Fusarium Head Blight Infection Degree in Wheat Canopy Visible Areas Obtaining complete and consistent spectral images of wheat ears in the visible areas of in situ wheat canopies poses a significant challenge due to the varying growth posture of wheat. Nevertheless, detecting the presence and degree of wheat Fusarium head blight (FHB) in situ is critical for formulating measures that ensure stable grain production and supply while promoting green development in agriculture. In this study, a spectral quantitative analysis model was developed to evaluate the infection degree of FHB in an in situ wheat canopy’s visible areas. To achieve this, a spectral acquisition method was used to evaluate the infection degree of FHB in a wheat canopy’s visible areas. Hyperspectral images were utilized to obtain spectral data from healthy and mildly, moderately, and severely infected wheat ear canopies. The spectral data were preprocessed, and characteristic wavelengths were extracted using twelve types of spectral preprocessing methods and four types of characteristic wavelength extraction methods. Subsequently, sixty-five spectral quantitative prediction models for the infection degree of FHB in the in situ wheat canopy visible areas were established using the PLSR method, based on the original spectral data, preprocessed spectral data, original spectral characteristic wavelengths extracted data, and preprocessed spectral characteristic wavelengths extracted data. Comparative analysis of the models indicated that the MMS + CARS + PLSR model exhibited the best prediction effect and could serve as the spectral quantitative analysis model for the evaluation of the infection degree of FHB in an in situ wheat canopy’s visible areas. The model extracted thirty-five characteristic wavelengths, with a modeling set coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9490 and a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.2384. The testing set of the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.9312, with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.2588. The model can facilitate the spectral quantitative analysis of the infection degree of FHB in the in situ wheat canopy visible areas, thereby aiding in the implementation of China’s targeted poverty alleviation and agricultural power strategy. Hyperspectral imaging ; Canopy ; Remote sensing ; VNIR ; Wavelength ; Spectral bands ; Environmental science ; Mathematics ; Botany ; Biology ; Optics ; Geography ; Physics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Authors: Shokhjakhon Akhmedov | Khodjiakmal Aripov | Ruslan Ospanov | Ilkham Mirzaolimov | Temurbek Olimjonovich Kenjayev
Source: E3S Web of Conferences (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Strength of reinforced concrete T-beams of bridges reinforced with external reinforcement from fabric polymeric composites Work is devoted to rehabilitating damaged, injured reinforced concrete T-beams of bridges of carbon fibre-reinforced plastic materials. Estimating beams' resistance at shear depended on the percent of longitudinal working reinforcing- μ , attitudes of flight of shear to a working height of section - av/ho, an interval, quantity, and orientation of CFFM strips. The mechanism of destruction and estimation of bearing ability strengthened damaged and intact Т-beams are investigated at shear. Results of deformations of the stretched working and cross-section armature, deformations of concrete on the height of beams and in strips CFFM from loading. The influence of CFFM on the bearing ability and character of the destruction of beams is investigated. Materials science ; Reinforcement ; Composite material ; Reinforced concrete ; Shear (geology) ; Structural engineering ; STRIPS ; Engineering Structural mechanics and materials ; Advanced Energy Technologies and Civil Engineering Innovations ; Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Xiang Zhang | Ruitao Wu | Zhijian Qu
Source: Applied Sciences (article, 2023-05-12)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

A Cosine-Similarity-Based Deconvolution Method for Analyzing Data-Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry Data Although data-independent acquisition (DIA) has the ability to identify and quantify all peptides in a sample, highly complex mixed mass spectra present difficulties for accurate peptide and protein identification. Additionally, the correspondence between the precursor and its fragments is broken, making it challenging to perform peptide identification directly using conventional DDA search engines. In this paper, we propose a cosine-similarity-based deconvolution method: CorrDIA. This is achieved by reconstructing the correspondence between precursor and fragment ions based on the consistency of extracted ion chromatograms (XICs). A deisotope peak cluster operation is added and centered on the MS/MS spectrum to improve the accuracy of spectrum interpretation and increase the number of identified peptides. The resulting MS/MS spectra can be identified using any data-dependent acquisition (DDA) sequencing software. The experimental results demonstrate that the number of peptide results increased by 12 percent and 21 percent respectively, and the repetition rate decreased by 12 percent. This reduces mass spectra complexity and difficulties in mass spectra analysis without the need for any mass spectra libraries. Deconvolution ; Mass spectrum ; Mass spectrometry ; Similarity (geometry) ; Computer science ; Cosine similarity ; Chemistry ; Biological system ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Artificial intelligence ; Data mining ; Algorithm ; Chromatography ; Biology Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Authors: Rebecca von Hellfeld | Craig Christie | Davina Derous | Juliano Morimoto
Source: Journal of Insect Physiology (article, 2023-12-23)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Super food or super toxic? Turmeric and spirulina as culprits for the toxic effects of food dyes in Drosophila Prolonged exposure to food dyes, even for those considered safe for consumption, are known to have toxic effects. However, we lack a proper understanding of the underlying compounds that are responsible for the observed toxicity. Here, we tested the toxic effects of three common commercially available natural food dyes (red, green, blue), and their main ingredients (turmeric and spirulina), on Drosophila melanogaster oviposition, larval development, and larval foraging behaviour. Larval development and egg-to-adult survival was significantly impacted by blue and green dyes. These effects were recapitulated when flies were fed with increasing concentrations of turmeric and spirulina, suggesting that turmeric is a toxic component of the food dye. Red dye, which contains neither turmeric or spirulina, had little impact on fly health and behaviour. Green and blue food dyes decreased egg laying, an effect similar to that observed in increasing concentrations of turmeric and, to a lesser extent, spirulina. When given a choice, larvae preferred to feed as follows: control > red > blue > green diet patches, a pattern inversely correlating with the previously observed toxicity. Our results show that, despite turmeric being often considered a super food, it can have toxic effects that the impact health of organisms. Spirulina (dietary supplement) ; Biology ; Larva ; Toxicology ; Toxicity ; Functional food ; Food science ; Food additive ; Botany ; Ecology ; Chemistry Dye analysis and toxicity ; Insect Utilization and Effects ; Bee Products Chemical Analysis
Authors: Selwin Hageraats | Luuk Graamans | Isabella Righini | Caterina Carpineti | Daan van Munnen | Shuna Wang | A. Elings | C. Stanghellini
Source: Journal of Food Composition and Analysis (article, 2023-02-27)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Fully non-invasive measurement of protein content in soybean based on spectral characteristics of the pod Cultivation and breeding of legumes as protein sources in the human or animal diet could benefit from accurate, rapid, and non-invasive measurements of protein content. A study was conducted into the feasibility of a fully non-invasive, in vivo protein measurement methodology applied to soybean (Glycine max. L.). The proposed methodology works by recording spectral images of the soybean pods in the visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR), a rule-based segmentation approach, and partial least squares (PLS) regression to predict the crude protein content of the beans contained within the imaged pods. Using all 150 channels of the spectral camera, a model could be calibrated with a mean absolute precision error (MAPE) of 4.8 % (R2 = 0.92). Applying a tailored feature elimination approach to select only eight spectral bands and degrading the spectral resolution to 25 nm yields a model with a MAPE of 6.0 % (R2 = 0.88), indicating the potential for multispectral cameras in this application. Multispectral image ; Partial least squares regression ; Near-infrared spectroscopy ; Mean absolute percentage error ; Content (measure theory) ; Point of delivery ; Mean squared error ; Segmentation ; Feature (linguistics) ; Biological system ; Mathematics ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Chemistry ; Remote sensing ; Artificial intelligence ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Computer science ; Statistics ; Chromatography ; Agronomy ; Biology ; Geography Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Animal Nutrition and Physiology ; Seed and Plant Biochemistry
Authors: Yahya Sahari | Mohd Shamsul Anuar | Mohd Zuhair Mohd Nor | Nur Hamizah Abdul Ghani | Suraya Mohd Tahir
Source: Pertanika journal of science & technology (review, 2023-07-27)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Progress, Trends and Development of Drying Studies on Coconut Kernel Products: A Review There are several different forms of coconut kernel products, such as copra, desiccated coconut, coconut chips, strips, and flakes, each with its identity, industrial standard, and use in the food sector. In view of this, many studies concentrate on drying kinetics and the quality of the final dried product and extend from laboratory-scale research to industrial operations. This article discusses the application of various drying processes for various types of coconut kernel products, the pre-treatment involved prior to drying and some qualitative aspects associated with the final product. The use of mathematical modelling in various drying techniques was also examined and compared in this article. The effects of drying parameters such as air temperature, velocity, and pre-treatment on drying rate, time, colour quality, energy consumption, and yield are particularly interesting. Future suggestions and directions are emphasised and featured to fill the research gap in this product and sector. Copra ; Pulp and paper industry ; Agricultural engineering ; Mathematics ; Product (mathematics) ; Quality (philosophy) ; Kernel (algebra) ; Environmental science ; Process engineering ; Biotechnology ; Food science ; Engineering ; Chemistry ; Biology Coconut Research and Applications ; Food Drying and Modeling ; Microencapsulation and Drying Processes
Authors: Yingzheng Ren | Zhongzhu Liang | Xiaoyan Shi | Fuming Yang | Xiqing Zhang | Rui Dai | Shoutao Zhang | Weizhen Liu
Source: Applied Sciences (article, 2023-04-21)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Infrared All-Dielectric Metasurface Beam Splitter Based on Transflective Structures Beam splitters are widely applied in various optical systems as a common beam-splitting device. The conventional stereoscopic and flat-type beam splitters greatly limit the packaging and integration of optical systems due to their large size and restricted emitting direction. Recently, beam-splitting devices made of various transmissive or reflective metasurfaces have shown the potential to overcome these challenges. However, in optical systems such as machine vision, these single-ended beam splitters increase the design complexity of the signal feedback link due to the limitation of the beam-splitting path direction. Here, we proposed and numerically simulated a transflective all-dielectric metasurface beam splitter by applying incompletely transmissive structural designs to the metasurface and using the transmission phase modulation mechanism. It can realize the beam separation for arbitrarily polarized incident light on the same side of the normal at both transmissive and reflective ends with a single-layer unit cell arrangement structure and has a similar emergence angle. The results reveal that at 1550 nm, the angular tolerance bandwidth is about 32°, the total splitting efficiency is over 90%, and the splitting ratio is approximately 1:1. After comparison and verification of simulation results, this transflective metasurface beam splitter is hopeful to be applied in new compact optical systems that require real-time signal feedback, such as coaxial light sources and photoelectric sensing. Beam splitter ; Optics ; Optoelectronics ; Materials science ; Beam (structure) ; Beam steering ; Physics ; Laser Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Photonic Crystals and Applications
Authors: Е. С. Прокудина | Е. А. Сенокосова | Л. В. Антонова | E. O. Krivkina | Е. А. Великанова | Tatiana N. Akentieva | Т. В. Глушкова | В. Г. Матвеева | N. А. Kochergin
Source: Sovremennye tehnologii v medicine (article, 2023-08-30)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

New Tissue-Engineered Vascular Matrix Based on Regenerated Silk Fibroin: in vitro Study Matrices produced from regenerated SF demonstrated satisfactory results, comparable to those for PHBV/PCL/VEGF and commercial XP flap, and in the case of platelet adhesion and activation, they outperformed these patches. In total, SF can be defined as material having sufficient biological compatibility, which makes it possible to consider a tissue-engineered matrix made from it as promising for implantation into the vascular wall. Fibroin ; Biocompatibility ; Polycaprolactone ; Biomedical engineering ; Tissue engineering ; Materials science ; Electrospinning ; Adhesion ; Matrix (chemical analysis) ; Extracellular matrix ; Surface modification ; Chemistry ; SILK ; Composite material ; Biochemistry ; Polymer Silk-based biomaterials and applications ; Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications ; Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
Authors: Xing Meng | Shifeng Tian | Changjun Ma | Liangjie Lin | Xiaoxiao Zhang | Jiazheng Wang | Qingwei Song | Ai Lian Liu
Source: Frontiers in Oncology (article, 2023-01-25)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

APTw combined with mDixon−Quant imaging to distinguish the differentiation degree of cervical squamous carcinoma APTw combined with mDixon-Quant can be used to efficiently distinguish the differention degrees of CSC diagnosed on histopathology. Histopathology ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Medicine ; Nuclear medicine ; Kappa ; Correlation ; Pathology ; Radiology ; Mathematics Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes ; MRI in cancer diagnosis ; Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
Authors: Uluk Rasulov | Anupama Acharya | Marina Carravetta | Guinevere Mathies | Ilya Kuprov
Source: Journal of Magnetic Resonance (article, 2023-05-15)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Simulation and design of shaped pulses beyond the piecewise-constant approximation Response functions of resonant circuits create ringing artefacts if their input changes rapidly. When physical limits of electromagnetic spectroscopies are explored, this creates two types of problems. Firstly, simulation: the system must be propagated accurately through every response transient, this may be computationally expensive. Secondly, optimal control: circuit response must be taken into account; it may be advantageous to design pulses that are resilient to such distortions. At the root of both problems is the popular piecewise-constant approximation for control sequences in the rotating frame; in magnetic resonance it has persisted since the earliest days and has become entrenched in the commercially available hardware. In this paper, we report an implementation and benchmarks of recent Lie-group methods that can efficiently simulate and optimise smooth control sequences. Ringing ; Piecewise ; Constant (computer programming) ; Frame (networking) ; Transient (computer programming) ; Transient response ; Computer science ; Electronic circuit ; Time constant ; Algorithm ; Control theory (sociology) ; Control (management) ; Mathematics ; Engineering ; Mathematical analysis ; Electrical engineering ; Telecommunications Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications ; Numerical methods for differential equations ; Electromagnetic Simulation and Numerical Methods
Authors: Muhammad Izwan Abdul Halim | Nur Zahirah MohdRazaly | Mohamad Nur Khairul Hafizi Rohani | Norfadilah Rosle | Wan Nurul Auni | Afifah Shuhada Rosmi | Muhammad Zaid Aihsan | Mohd Aminudin Jamlos | Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’ud
Source: Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology (article, 2023-02-08)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Multiple Partial Discharge Signal Classification Using Artificial Neural Network Technique in XLPE Power Cable According to partial discharge (PD) damage in the electrodes that are not entirely bridging, the presence of PD in the high voltage (HV) power cable might lead to insulation failure. PD defects can damage cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables directly, which is one of the most critical electrical issues in the industry. Poor workmanship during cable jointing, aging, or exposure to the surrounding environment is the most common cause of PD in HV cable systems. As a result, the location of the PD signals that occur cannot be classified without identifying the multiple PD signals present in the cable system. In this study, the artificial neural network (ANN) based feedforward back propagation classification technique is used as a diagnostic tool thru MATLAB software in which the PD signal was approached to determine the accuracy of the location PD signal. In addition, statistical feature extraction was added to compare the accuracy of classification with the standard method. The three-point technique is also an approach used to locate PD signals in a single line 11 kV XLPE underground power cable. The results show that the statistical feature extraction had been successful classify the PD signal location with the accuracy of 80% compared to without statistical feature extraction. The distance between PD signals and the PD source affected the result of the three-point technique which proved that a lower error means a near distance between them. Partial discharge ; Power cable ; Artificial neural network ; SIGNAL (programming language) ; Feature extraction ; Computer science ; Engineering ; Backpropagation ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Voltage ; Artificial intelligence ; Electrical engineering ; Materials science High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Vehicle License Plate Recognition
Authors: Shengpeng Wang | Feng Lin | Panpan Liu | Anhui Gui | Jing Teng | Fei Ye | Xueping Wang | Jinjin Xue | Shiwei Gao | Pengcheng Zheng
Source: Foods (article, 2023-09-27)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Digital Prediction of the Purchase Price of Fresh Tea Leaves of Enshi Yulu Based on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Multivariate Analysis In this study, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with a variety of chemometrics methods was used to establish a fast and non-destructive prediction model for the purchase price of fresh tea leaves. Firstly, a paired <i>t</i>-test was conducted on the quality index (QI) of seven quality grade fresh tea samples, all of which showed statistical significance (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Further, there was a good linear relationship between the QI, quality grades, and purchase price of fresh tea samples, with the determination coefficient being greater than 0.99. Then, the original near-infrared spectra of fresh tea samples were obtained and preprocessed, with the combination (standard normal variable (SNV) + second derivative (SD)) as the optimal preprocessing method. Four spectral intervals closely related to fresh tea prices were screened using the synergy interval partial least squares (si-PLS), namely 4377.62 cm<sup>-1</sup>-4751.74 cm<sup>-1</sup>, 4755.63 cm<sup>-1</sup>-5129.75 cm<sup>-1</sup>, 6262.70 cm<sup>-1</sup>-6633.93 cm<sup>-1</sup>, and 7386 cm<sup>-1</sup>-7756.32 cm<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The genetic algorithm (GA) was applied to accurately extract 70 and 33 feature spectral data points from the whole denoised spectral data (DSD) and the four characteristic spectral intervals data (FSD), respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied, respectively, on the data points selected, and the cumulative contribution rates of the first three PCs were 99.856% and 99.852%. Finally, the back propagation artificial neural (BP-ANN) model with a 3-5-1 structure was calibrated with the first three PCs. When the transfer function was logistic, the best results were obtained (R<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.985, RMSEP = 6.732 RMB/kg) by 33 feature spectral data points. The detection effect of the best BP-ANN model by 14 external samples were R<sup>2</sup> = 0.987 and RMSEP = 6.670 RMB/kg. The results of this study have achieved real-time, non-destructive, and accurate evaluation and digital display of purchase prices of fresh tea samples by using NIRS technology. Multivariate statistics ; Multivariate analysis ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Mathematics ; Statistics ; Physics ; Organic chemistry Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Remote Sensing and Land Use