jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Jason Meyer | Stefan Habean | E.J. Lee
Source: Proceedings of the ... ASM Heat Treating Society Conference (article, 2025-10-14)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Heat Treatment Process Exploration with HTP Sim Abstract Heat treatment recipes consist of several processing steps developed to meet part specifications. Those in industry must have knowledge of a variety of factors that influence heat treat outcomes such as the effects of different process steps, material hardenability, and part geometry. A typical hardening process for steels involves austenitizing, quenching fast enough to create hardened martensite, and tempering to reduce brittleness. Thermochemical steps like carburizing or nitriding alter the surface chemistry of a part, affecting hardenability. Computer modeling can be used as a way to quantify the effects of heat treat by predicting profiles of temperature, carbon, hardness, and microstructure. Using Heat Treatment Process Simulator (HTP Sim), a commercial finite-element based tool developed by DANTE Solutions, four common heat treat processes are reviewed including furnace heating, carburizing, quenching, and tempering. This study focuses simulation applications to industrial challenges like optimizing process times, ensuring case depth and surface hardness, carburization recipe development, and equipment characterization for modeling. Carburizing ; Tempering ; Case hardening ; Process (computing) ; Heat treating ; Hardening (computing) ; Nitriding ; Process modeling Nuclear Materials and Properties
Authors: Tan Liu | Yi Ding | Congrui Zhang | Xingjian Kang
Source: Applied Sciences (article, 2025-12-29)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

The Decomposition Mechanism of C4F7N–Ag Gas Mixture Under High Temperature Arc The global phase-out of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), an insulating gas with high global warming potential (GWP), has driven the search for eco-friendly alternatives in high-voltage equipment. Perfluoroisobutyronitrile (C4F7N) emerges as a promising candidate due to its low GWP and high dielectric strength. However, its chemical stability under circuit breaker conditions, especially when interacting with vaporized contact materials such as silver, remains a key concern. This study investigates the decomposition mechanisms of C4F7N in the presence of silver vapor using quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/LanL2DZ level. A reaction network comprising 35 pathways and 12 transition states were identified. All structures were confirmed as valid stationary points via frequency analysis and intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) calculations. Three primary reaction pathways between C4F7N and Ag were delineated, leading to secondary reactions that generate low-weight molecules and Ag-containing species such as AgF and AgCN. Key energy barriers and temperature-dependent equilibrium constants (Keq) were determined to evaluate pathway feasibility. This work provides fundamental insights into the high-temperature interfacial chemistry of C4F7N with Ag, offering essential data for assessing its material compatibility and long-term reliability as a sustainable insulation medium in power systems. Decomposition ; Global-warming potential ; Dielectric ; Work (physics) ; Sulfur hexafluoride ; Chemical vapor deposition ; Quantum chemical ; Molecule ; Chemical decomposition High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation ; Vacuum and Plasma Arcs
Authors: E. Katsipoulaki | K. Mourzidis | Vishwas Jindal | Delphine Lagarde | Takashi Taniguchi | Kenji Watanabe | Georgios Kopidakis | X. Marie | M. M. Glazov | Emmanuel Stratakis | Γ. Κιοσέογλου | Ioannis Paradisanos
Source: Advanced Optical Materials (article, 2025-07-09)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Spin‐Valley Polarization Control in WSe<sub>2</sub> Monolayers using Photochemical Doping Abstract The influence of a photochemical doping method on the spin‐valley polarization degree ( P c ) of excitons in WSe 2 monolayers is reported. By varying the carrier density and transitioning from an excess of electrons (n‐type) to an excess of holes (p‐type), a non‐monotonic dependence of P c on the doping level is observed. Using controlled, single‐shot photochlorination steps, this non‐monotonic behavior is unveiled, with P c reaching a minimum value of less than 10% at 78 K near the charge neutrality point, while increasing by a factor of three at a hole density of 5 × 10 11 cm −2 . The impact of the doping on P c is explained using a phenomenological model that accounts for various mechanisms influencing exciton polarization dynamics, including exciton‐carrier scattering processes and exciton‐to‐trion conversion rates. Among these, exciton‐carrier collisions emerge as the dominant mechanism driving the observed variations in P c , while the exciton effective lifetime remains nearly independent of doping. These findings highlight the potential of photochemical methods for investigating valley physics and for effectively tuning the exciton polarization degree in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers. Materials science ; Doping ; Monolayer ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Photochemistry ; Spin polarization ; Optoelectronics ; Spin (aerodynamics) ; Condensed matter physics ; Nanotechnology ; Physical chemistry ; Electron ; Physics ; Chemistry 2D Materials and Applications ; Perovskite Materials and Applications ; MXene and MAX Phase Materials
Authors: Afshin Sadri | Pierre Bélanger | Lucas Pereira Piedade | Aurélien Thon | R. William G. Watson
Source: e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing (article, 2025-06-04)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

Development of a New Ultrasonic System for Measuring Thick Multi-Layered Composite Structures Precise thickness measurement is critical in various inspection applications, particularly for complex structures. Ultrasonic methods, which utilize stress waves, are widely recognized for delivering accurate and repeatable results. However, achieving accurate thickness measurements in multilayered composite structures has been a persistent challenge for conventional ultrasonic instruments. Commercial systems, including phased array devices, have shown limited success in accurately measuring two- or three-layered structures, even with enhancements such as high-power transmitters, broadband receivers, and advanced signal analysis techniques. Key challenges include attenuation, wave beam deviation, multiple acoustic impedances, and complex resultant echoes. These issues become significantly more pronounced as material thickness increases or when layers comprise coarse-grained materials such as castables, concrete, composites, or bricks. To address these limitations, we have developed a novel low-frequency pulse ultrasonic (LFPU) system employing an innovative approach to thickness measurement. This paper details the principles underpinning the LFPU system and presents laboratory and field data demonstrating its capabilities in accurately measuring multilayered thicknesses across various challenging materials. Ultrasonic sensor ; Composite number ; Materials science ; Composite material ; Acoustics ; Physics Material Properties and Applications
Authors: Lin Wang | Chia-Min Ho | Chin‐Ta Chen | Cheng‐Fu Yang | Kyoungdoug Min
Source: Sensors and Materials (article, 2025-08-20)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Multilayer Metamaterial-based Absorber with Ultra-wideband Performance from Visible to Mid-infrared Range An absorber capable of operating across the visible to mid-infrared spectrum holds tremendous promise for a wide range of sensor applications, including thermal imaging, environmental monitoring, infrared stealth, and broadband photodetection.In this study, we present the design of a high-performance multilayer metamaterial-based absorber that achieves ultra-wideband absorption through a carefully optimized layered structure.The absorber comprises a vertically stacked configuration consisting of alternating metallic and dielectric layers.From bottom to top, the structure includes an iron (Fe) substrate, followed by an h1 Fe layer (substrate), h2 Cu 2 O layer, h3 Fe layer, h4 Cu 2 O layer, h5 Fe layer, and h6 Cu 2 O layer, and a topmost h7 Ti cylindrical matrix array.This design combines lossy metal layers with dielectric spacers to generate strong plasmonic resonances and constructive interference across a broad spectrum.Fe provides high intrinsic loss and low-cost fabrication, while Cu 2 O acts as the dielectric layer to enhance field confinement and improve impedance matching.A patterned Ti cylindrical array on the top surface creates localized surface plasmon resonances and scatters light into the structure, further increasing absorption.Simulations show that the absorber achieves high absorptivity over a wide wavelength range, from around 620 nm in the visible to 7200 nm in the mid-infrared.The results highlight the potential of this multilayer metamaterial design for integration into next-generation optoelectronic and sensing systems requiring compact, efficient, and broadband light absorption. Metamaterial ; Metamaterial absorber ; Wideband ; Infrared ; Optoelectronics ; Range (aeronautics) ; Materials science ; Ultra-wideband ; Optics ; Tunable metamaterials ; Telecommunications ; Computer science ; Physics ; Composite material Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Optical Wireless Communication Technologies
Authors: Camilo Andrés Suarez Afanador | Stéphane Urcun | Ivo F. Sbalzarini | Stéphane Bordas | Olga Barrera | Mohammad Mahdi Rajabi | Romain Seil | Anas Obeidat
Source: PLoS ONE (article, 2025-09-11)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Mechanics of knee meniscus results from precise balance between material microstructure and synovial fluid viscosity The meniscus plays a crucial role in the biomechanics of the knee, serving as load transmitter and reducing friction between joints. Understanding the biomechanics of the meniscus is essential to effective treatment of knee injuries and degenerative conditions. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between the porous microstructure of the human knee meniscus and its biomechanical function, specifically focusing on fluid dynamics at the pore scale. Here, we use two central-meniscus samples extracted from a human knee and reconstruct high-resolution geometry models from [Formula: see text]-CT scans. By eroding the channels of the original meniscus geometry, we simulate perturbed microstructures with varying porosities ( 53% to 80%), whilst preserving the connectivity of the porous structure. We numerically solve for the fluid dynamics in the meniscus using a mesh-free particle method, considering various inlet pressure conditions, characterising the fluid flow within the microstructures. The results of the original microstructure associated with a physiological dynamic viscosity of synovial fluid are in accordance with biophysical experiments on menisci. Furthermore, the eroded microstructure with a 33% increase in porosity exhibited a remarkable 120% increase in flow velocity. This emphasises the sensitivity of meniscus physiology to the porous microstructure, showing that detailed computational models can explore physiological and pathological conditions, advancing further knee biomechanics research. Meniscus ; Microstructure ; Biomechanics ; Synovial fluid ; Porosity ; Fluid dynamics ; Viscosity ; Rheology Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity ; Blood properties and coagulation ; Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
Authors: Hansong Xue | Zhipeng Wei | Shanyi Lan | Yang Zhou | Mingxing Zhang | Jun Li | Ying Liu | Jia She | Jia Hu | Bin Jiang
Source: Materials (article, 2025-09-09)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Revealing the Influence of Zn Content on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Bimodal Mg-Zn-Gd-Sm Alloy The development of low-cost and high-performance Mg alloys is an important way to achieve further application of magnesium alloys. In this work, the as-extruded Mg<sub>98.3-x</sub>Zn<sub>x</sub>Gd<sub>1</sub>Sm<sub>0.7</sub> alloy with excellent mechanical properties is successfully prepared by regulating the bimodal-grained structure. The effect of the Zn content on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the as-extruded Mg<sub>98.3-x</sub>Zn<sub>x</sub>Gd<sub>1</sub>Sm<sub>0.7</sub> alloy is systematically investigated. The results show that the addition of Zn increases the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) fraction and weakens the basal texture of the as-extruded alloy. The Mg<sub>98.05</sub>Zn<sub>0.25</sub>Gd<sub>1</sub>Sm<sub>0.7</sub> alloy exhibits a typical bimodal-grained structure. A large amount of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) are generated at the interface between the soft zone and the hard zone of the bimodal-grained structure during the plastic deformation process, resulting in back stress strengthening, thereby improving the strength of the alloy. And it achieves exceptional mechanical properties with an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 330 MPa, a yield strength (YS) of 248 MPa, and an elongation (EL) of 18.5% at room temperature. This paper provides a new idea for introducing a heterogeneous structure and improving the strength of low-cost Mg alloys. Microstructure ; Alloy ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Elongation ; Dynamic recrystallization ; Recrystallization (geology) ; Deformation (meteorology) ; Texture (cosmology) Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications ; Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties ; Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition
Authors: Li Sun | Yutao Xiu | Xiaobo Wen | Linyuan Xue | Kunyue Xing | Zihan Zheng | Bing Liang | Jiyao Xing | Dongming Xing
Source: Applied Physics Letters (article, 2025-03-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Electrohydrodynamic direct writing of high-resolution PVA hydrogels via thermally induced sol-gel transition Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based hydrogels have received a lot of attention due to their superior biocompatibility and versatile applications. However, the fabrication of structurally complex hydrogels at high resolutions (&amp;lt;100 μm) remains challenging, mainly due to limitations in traditional methods such as casting and extrusion-based 3D printing. This work proposes sol-gel electrohydrodynamic direct writing (SGEHD), a facile and low-cost platform integrating thermally induced sol-gel transition with electrohydrodynamic printing for the fabrication of high-resolution PVA hydrogels. By optimizing jet stability and controlling phase transition velocity, we achieved resolutions finer than 70 μm, surpassing the limitations of traditional PVA hydrogel fabrication techniques. This study also develops a method for the quality evaluation of deposited lines, and finally provides some examples of complex patterned gel processing with SGEHD to demonstrate the pattern fidelity of this technique. Electrohydrodynamics ; Self-healing hydrogels ; Materials science ; Chemical engineering ; Nanotechnology ; Chemical physics ; Chemistry ; Physical chemistry ; Polymer chemistry Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications ; Electrohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics ; Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
Authors: D. C. Cabra | G. L. Rossini
Source: Journal of Applied Physics (article, 2025-08-05)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Exploring magnetoelectric coupling through lattice distortions: Insights from a pantograph model Multiferroic materials exhibit the coexistence of magnetic and electric order. They are at the forefront of modern condensed matter physics due to their potential applications in next-generation technologies, such as data storage, sensors, and actuators. Despite significant progress, understanding and optimizing the coupling mechanisms between electric polarization and magnetism remain active areas of research. We review here a series of papers presenting a comprehensive numerical and theoretical exploration of a pantograph mechanism modeling magnetoelectric coupling through lattice distortions in low dimensional multiferroic systems. These works introduce and elaborate a microscopic model where elastic lattice distortions mediate interactions between spin 1/2 magnetic moments and electric dipoles, uncovering novel physics and functionalities. The model successfully describes ubiquitous phenomena in type II improper multiferroics, particularly when dominant Ising spin components are introduced through XXZ-type rotational symmetry breaking spin interactions. We also study more realistic extensions relevant for materials with higher spin magnetic ions and to materials where magnetic couplings draw higher dimensional lattices. Pantograph ; Lattice (music) ; Condensed matter physics ; Coupling (piping) ; Physics ; Materials science ; Engineering ; Mechanical engineering Multiferroics and related materials ; Advanced Condensed Matter Physics ; Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials
Authors: Chang‐Yong Chen | Ze Pu | Wen Chen | Bai‐Liang Qin | Hua Luo | Peng‐Bo Wang | Congrui Yang | K.C. Chan
Source: Rare Metals (article, 2025-12-24)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Inhomogeneity of Room‐Temperature Elastocaloric Effects in NiTi Alloys Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion ABSTRACT NiTi shape memory alloys are among the most promising solid‐state refrigeration materials. In recent years, additive manufacturing methods for producing difficult‐to‐machine NiTi alloys have gained increasing attention from researchers. This work successfully produces NiTi alloys with good superelasticity at room temperature via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The results show that when the NiTi alloys undergo elastocaloric effects (eCE) during compression, the surface temperature distribution is inhomogeneous. The temperature difference between the highest and lowest points on the same test surface can reach 4.2 K, and there are many parallel strip‐shaped high and low temperature regions on the surface of the samples. Such inhomogeneity is shown to be attributed to the microstructure of the samples. The microstructure of the NiTi shape memory alloys manufactured via LPBF is found to be inhomogeneous, with obvious coarse and fine grain areas, and there are significant differences in dislocation density, precipitate phase size, and density in these two areas. The fine grain areas are mainly distributed near the boundary of the melt pool because the cooling rate at the boundary of the melt pool is the highest, and the grains do not have sufficient time to coarsen. This work provides a reference value for studying the relationship between microstructure uniformity and eCE uniformity in NiTi alloys. Nickel titanium ; Microstructure ; Shape-memory alloy ; Fusion ; Pseudoelasticity ; Grain boundary ; Dislocation Shape Memory Alloy Transformations ; High Entropy Alloys Studies ; Metallic Glasses and Amorphous Alloys
Authors: Stefano De La Pierre | Alessandro Benelli | Monica Ferraris | Daniela Di Martino | Fabio Vivenzio | Rebecca Napolitano
Source: International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology (article, 2025-11-23)
Field: Materials Science — Ceramics and Composites

Soldering Si3N4 to Invar42 by a localized heating process Abstract This study investigates the soldering process for joining silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ), a commonly used ceramic, to Invar42, a low thermal expansion alloy. The focus lies on analyzing interfacial reactions and evaluating the bonding performance of the Si 3 N 4 —Invar42 joint. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to examine the microstructure, elemental distribution, and chemical composition of the interfacial region. The results underscore the critical role of interfacial reaction layers in the soldering process. Mechanical testing (single lap offset, SLO, lap shear tests) was conducted to assess the bonding strength and mechanical integrity of the soldered joints. Furthermore, the thermal stability and reliability of these joints were evaluated through SLO tests at 300°C. This study contributes to the advancement of a user‐friendly, pressureless, localized heating and field‐deployable technique for soldering Si 3 N 4 to Invar42, thereby facilitating the fabrication of advanced engineering systems in industrial environments. Soldering ; Fabrication ; Silicon nitride ; Shear strength (soil) ; Thermal expansion ; Scanning electron microscope ; Thermal stability ; Reliability (semiconductor) ; Thermal Advanced ceramic materials synthesis ; 3D IC and TSV technologies ; Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies
Authors: Luis Álvarez | Elena Sesé-Sansa | Demian Levis | Ignacio Pagonabarraga | Lucio Isa
Source: ArXiv.org (preprint, 2025-06-18)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Segregation and cooperation in active colloidal binary mixtures The complex interactions underlying collective motion in biological systems give rise to emergent behaviours such as flocking, sorting, and cooperative transport. These dynamics often involve species with different motilities coordinating movement to optimize navigation and survival. Synthetic analogues based on active colloids offer a controlled platform to explore such behaviours, yet most experimental realizations remain limited to monodisperse systems or mixtures of passive and active particles. Here, we investigate dense binary mixtures of active Janus colloids with distinct motilities and independently tunable alignment, actuated by AC electric fields. We demonstrate experimentally and numerically that both species form highly dynamic polar clusters, with alignment emerging independently of propulsion speed. In mixed populations, interspecies interactions lead to effective segregation and cooperative motion, including transient enhancement of slower particle motility. Our results reveal how motility contrast and alignment combine to drive self-organization in active mixtures, offering strategies for designing reconfigurable materials with collective functionalities. Active matter ; Binary number ; Janus particles ; Propulsion ; Janus ; Collective motion ; Colloid ; Particle (ecology) ; Dispersity Pickering emulsions and particle stabilization