jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Rofidatunnissa | Kusworo Adi | Catur Edi Widodo
Source: International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology (article, 2025-06-12)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Yarn Count Estimation in Woven Fabrics Using FFT-Based Image Analysis Yarn count is a primary parameter in fabric structure that greatly influences fabric quality, usage, and design. It is defined as the ratio between the length and weight of the yarn. The Ne unit belongs to the indirect count system (constant weight, variable length) and is commonly used for cotton or cotton-blended fabrics. Conventionally, yarn count is measured manually by determining the yarn diameter, but this method often results in inaccuracies. An automated analysis using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) can extract directional and repetitive patterns from grayscale texture images, and is therefore applied for automatic yarn count estimation. In this study, the accuracy of yarn count measurement is improved by applying linear regression, resulting average error for plain weave fabrics (5.51% for warp and 14.22% for weft), followed by twill weave (9.72% warp, 24.00% weft), and satin weave (13.94% weft). However, a high error was observed in the warp yarn of satin weave (31.42%), which is attributed to visual distortion in the yarn appearance. Fast Fourier transform ; Yarn ; Woven fabric ; Image (mathematics) ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Mathematics ; Computer vision ; Composite material ; Algorithm ; Materials science Textile materials and evaluations ; Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection
Authors: Péter Boross | Domonkos Svastits | Győző Egri | András Pályi
Source: Journal of Applied Physics (article, 2025-06-05)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Multi-shot readout error benchmark of the nitrogen-vacancy center’s electronic qubit The ground-state electronic spin of a negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond can be used for room-temperature experiments showing coherent qubit functionality. At room temperature, photoluminescence-based qubit readout has low single-shot fidelity; however, the populations of the qubit’s two basis states can be inferred using multi-shot readout. In this work, we calculate the dependence of the error of a multi-shot inference method on various parameters of the readout process. This multi-shot readout error scales as Δ/N, with N being the number of shots, suggesting to use the coefficient Δ as a simple multi-shot readout error benchmark. Our calculation takes into account background photons, photon loss, and initialization error. Our model enables the identification of the readout error budget, i.e., the role various imperfections play in setting the readout error. Our results enable experimentalists and engineers to focus their efforts on those hardware improvements that yield the highest performance gain for multi-shot readout. Qubit ; Center (category theory) ; Benchmark (surveying) ; Vacancy defect ; Nitrogen-vacancy center ; Nitrogen ; Physics ; Materials science ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Quantum mechanics ; Quantum ; Chemistry ; Crystallography Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research ; Semiconductor materials and devices
Authors: Emre Tunç | Murat Fidan
Source: Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi (article, 2025-07-31)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Electric and Magnetic Field Analysis for a 34.5 kV Transformer Under Composite Voltage Conditions: COMSOL Multiphysics Simulation Transformers are one of the basic components of electrical power systems and play a critical role in energy conversion. However, overvoltages and environmental stresses can cause failures in transformer insulation systems. These failures can negatively affect reliability by reducing the lifetime of insulation systems and can lead to serious losses in power transmission. Moreover, sudden failures increase economic costs and reduce the overall efficiency of power systems. For this reason, a 3 MVA, 34.5 kV dry-type distribution transformer was modeled using COMSOL Multiphysics software. Based on IEC 60076-3 and IEC 60060-1:2010 standards, a lightning impulse voltage with an amplitude of 170 kV and nominal operating voltage were simultaneously applied to the modeled transformer. Electric field strength, magnetic flux density, and electric potential distributions were analyzed under composite voltage conditions. Under these conditions, the effects of electrical stress on the insulation strength are discussed in detail. The results obtained show the negative effects of composite voltage signal components on the insulation performance of the transformer and potential areas for improvement. Multiphysics ; Transformer ; Voltage ; Materials science ; Composite number ; Electric field ; Mechanical engineering ; Finite element method ; Engineering ; Electrical engineering ; Physics ; Composite material ; Structural engineering High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation
Authors: Juan Carlos Bravo Francés | Cristian Neipp | Jorge Francés | Eva M. Calzado | Inmaculada Pascual | Sergi Gallego
Source:  (article, 2025-04-04)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Green's method for solving the Helmholtz scalar equation with applications to refractive index media In this work, we present a formalism based on scalar Green’s functions to deal with electro-magnetic scattering problems. Although the formulations of the Mie theory and Born approximations in terms of electromagnetic scattering are well known and relevant, they have certain disadvantages; complexity, computational time, few symmetries, etc. Therefore, the study with scalar Green functions allows one to deal with these problems with greater simplicity and efficiency. However, the information provided by the vector formulation is sacrificed. Nevertheless, different cases of electromagnetic scattering of dielectric media with different dimensions, geometries, and refractive indices will be presented. Thus, we will be able to verify the capacity of this scalar method to predict light scattering problems. Refractive index ; Helmholtz equation ; Scalar (mathematics) ; Index (typography) ; Mathematics ; Computer science ; Physics ; Mathematical analysis ; Optics ; Geometry ; World Wide Web Optical Coatings and Gratings ; Photonic and Optical Devices ; Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors
Authors: Youngsoo Choi | Ji-Kwan Kim
Source: Micromachines (article, 2025-07-31)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Optical Design and Lens Fabrication for Automotive Thermal Imaging Using Chalcogenide Glass This paper is about the design and fabrication of infrared lenses, which are the core components of thermal imaging cameras to be mounted on vehicles. To produce an athermalized optical system, chalcogenide glass (As<sub>40</sub>Se<sub>60</sub>) with a lower thermo-optic coefficient (<i>dn/dT</i>) than germanium was adopted as a lens material, and each lens was designed so that defocus occurs in opposite directions depending on temperature. The designed lens was fabricated using a compression molding method, and the molded lenses showed less than 1.5 μm of form error (PV) using a mold iteration process. Through evaluations of MTF and thermal images obtained from the lens module, it was judged that this optical design process is obtainable. Lens (geology) ; Fabrication ; Chalcogenide glass ; Materials science ; Chalcogenide ; Optics ; Molding (decorative) ; Thermal ; Core (optical fiber) ; Mold ; Compression molding ; Infrared ; Optoelectronics ; Composite material Phase-change materials and chalcogenides ; Advanced optical system design ; Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films
Authors: Junjun Jia
Source: Vacuum and Surface Science (article, 2025-07-09)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Report on the 181st Seminar of Sputtering and Plasma Process (SP) Division Division (mathematics) ; Sputtering ; Plasma ; Process (computing) ; Materials science ; Computer science ; Nanotechnology ; Nuclear physics ; Physics ; Mathematics ; Arithmetic ; Thin film ; Programming language Fusion materials and technologies
Authors: Chang Liu | Bojung Seo | Qin Hui | P.W.F. Wilson | Arshed A. Quyyumi | Yan V. Sun
Source: medRxiv (preprint, 2025-03-11)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Proteomic Profiles of Obesity-Related Phenotypes and Incident Cardiovascular Events ABSTRACT Background Obesity is a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Proteomic profiling may improve the understanding of obesity and cardiovascular risk prediction. This study explores the use of protein-predicted scores for body mass index (PPS BMI ), body fat percentage (PPS BFP ), and waist-hip ratio (PPS WHR ) in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Methods We used data from the UK Biobank with proteome profiling. PPS BMI , PPS BFP , and PPS WHR were derived using LASSO algorithm. The association between these protein scores and incident MACE was evaluated using competing risk model. MACE prediction using the protein scores was compared with the PREVENT equation. Results Strong correlations were observed between protein-predicted obesity phenotypes and their measured counterparts (R 2 : BMI = 0.78, BFP = 0.85, WHR = 0.63). Per standard deviation of elevated PPS BFP and PPS WHR , but not PPS BMI , was associated with increased risk of MACE (Hazard Ratio [HR] 1.25, 95% CI 1.14 - 1.38; HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06 - 1.24, respectively), independent of traditional risk factors and outperformed the measured obesity-related phenotypes. For predicting MACE, compared with the PREVENT equation (C-statistic 0.694), the models adjusted for only age, sex, current smoking, and protein scores of obesity showed comparable performance (C-statistics 0.685 - 0.688). Conclusion Protein-predicted scores are better predictors of MACE than measured obesity phenotypes. Integration of protein-predicted scores provides a biologically relevant risk assessment using a single biochemical assay to potentially simplify and standardize the measure of obesity risk in clinical practice. Phenotype ; Obesity ; Computational biology ; Medicine ; Biology ; Genetics ; Internal medicine ; Gene Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications
Authors: Suresh Kumar Sahani | S. Oruganti | K. Satishkumar
Source: Journal of Mathematics (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Advanced Mathematical Modeling of Woolen Knitting Dynamics Using Laplace Transform and Fourth‐Order Runge–Kutta Method The knitting of wool is a complicated textile process that is driven by nonlinear interactions of yarn tension, loop creation, and needle dynamics. These interactions have a considerable impact on the quality of the fabric as well as the efficiency with which it is produced. The traditional empirical and linearized models often fail to reflect the genuine dynamic behavior of knitting systems, which results in a significant gap in the optimization of the textile process. In order to overcome this constraint, the current research endeavors to establish a sophisticated mathematical framework for modeling the dynamics of wool knitting by using the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta (RK4) technique for numerical simulations. The key goals are to build a reliable model that can forecast yarn tension, loop mechanics, and subsystem reliability, as well as to quantify the influence that different subsystem failure and repair rates have on the availability of the system over the long run. The technique incorporates probabilistic reliability modeling using differential equations, which are then solved by means of Laplace transformation and RK4 integration on the basis of boundary conditions. This is then followed by lengthy simulations that are carried out over a period of three hundred and 60 days. The findings indicate that the model achieves an accuracy of 92% when forecasting yarn tension in comparison to experimental benchmarks. Furthermore, the model displays steady performance up to 1.2 m per second for the yarn speed, and it identifies the tumbler subsystem as the most crucial aspect affecting overall dependability and availability. Additionally, it was shown that differences in the failure and repair rates of winders and tumblers had a substantial impact on mean time between failures (MTBFs), which highlighted regions that need focused maintenance. In addition to advancing theoretical knowledge of knitting mechanics, the model that was built also offers a practical decision‐support tool that can be used to optimize machine design, predictive maintenance, and intelligent control in the textile manufacturing industry. Its incorporation into industrial settings is in accordance with the concepts of Industry 4.0, which makes it possible to manufacture fabric that is both environmentally friendly and of high quality. Laplace transform ; Nonlinear system ; Yarn ; Reliability (semiconductor) ; Process (computing) ; Wool ; Probabilistic logic ; Dependability ; Boundary value problem Textile materials and evaluations ; Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers ; Rheology and Fluid Dynamics Studies
Authors: S. Erasmus | Ch. Skokos | G. Kalosakas
Source: Materials (article, 2025-11-14)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Temperature-Dependent Mechanical and Structural Properties of Uniaxially Strained Planar Graphene Using molecular dynamics simulations of a planar graphene sheet, we investigate the temperature dependence of its mechanical behavior under uniaxial tensile stress applied either in the armchair or zigzag direction. Stress-strain curves are calculated for different temperatures, and the corresponding dependence of various elastic parameters is discussed. Fracture stress and strain, as well as the Young's modulus, decrease almost linearly with temperature, in accordance with previous investigations. An almost linear variation in the third-order elastic modulus with temperature is demonstrated, revealing opposite trends for uniaxial loadings in the armchair or zigzag direction. The detailed dependence of the distributions of bond lengths and bond angles both on strain and temperature is presented for the first time, along with approximate analytical expressions. The latter accurately describe the numerically obtained distributions. Zigzag ; Planar ; Graphene ; Elastic modulus ; Molecular dynamics ; Bond length ; Modulus ; Ultimate tensile strength Graphene research and applications ; Nonlocal and gradient elasticity in micro/nano structures ; Boron and Carbon Nanomaterials Research
Authors: ЛЮДМИЛА НАЗАРЧУК | Микола Львович Рябчиков | ДМИТРО МЕЛЬНИК | СОФІЯ КИСІЛЬ
Source: Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University Technical sciences (article, 2025-10-20)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

ВИБІР РАЦІОНАЛЬНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ СХЕМ ОБРОБКИ ТЕКСТИЛЬНИХ ВИРОБІВ 3D-ФОРМ The article addresses the problem of shaping textile products into complex three-dimensional forms, which is a crucial factor for ensuring comfort, aesthetics, and durability of modern garments. Traditional approaches to form-giving, such as the use of darts or wet-heat treatment (WHT), have clear advantages and limitations. Darts guarantee high accuracy of shaping but may negatively affect the visual appearance and complicate construction, while WHT allows seamless shaping but strongly depends on the thermomechanical properties of fabrics and requires scientifically justified technological regimes. Therefore, a combined or alternative application of these methods is considered a promising direction for the improvement of garment design and manufacturing technologies. A review of recent studies highlights the rapid development of 3D body/product scanning systems and numerical modeling techniques that support accurate digital representation of textile surfaces. Based on 3D data, different strategies of flattening, segmentation, and inverse modeling are discussed, including the integration of machine learning for automated prediction of patterns and seams. At the same time, the influence of mechanical fabric parameters (bending, stretching, draping) and WHT regimes on the final form stability is emphasized. Experimental investigations involved textile samples of various structures (cotton, knits, elastomer-containing fabrics), subjected to WHT under different temperature, time, and tension conditions. Additionally, sewn and seamless specimens were tested to evaluate the effect of constructive elements. A quadratic least-squares model of the shoulder zone surface was built, explaining about 90% of the data variance, which demonstrates its applicability for predicting garment geometry. The results confirm the feasibility of inverse approaches, where the required temperature distribution is derived to achieve predetermined deformations and three-dimensional geometry. The proposed methodology combines 3D scanning, experimental tests, and numerical optimization, creating a solid foundation for integrated garment design technologies. Constructive ; Representation (politics) ; Stability (learning theory) ; Textile ; Durability ; Inverse problem ; Quadratic equation ; Inverse Textile materials and evaluations ; 3D Shape Modeling and Analysis ; Polymer Science and Applications
Authors: Tom Verbeek | Alexander De Man | B. Van Snick | Martin Otava | Thomas De Beer | Ashish Kumar | Chris Vervaet | Valérie Vanhoorne
Source: International Journal of Pharmaceutics (article, 2025-07-23)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

The impact of glidant addition on continuous blending of active pharmaceutical ingredients Active ingredient ; Pharmaceutical technology ; Dosage form ; Chemistry ; Biochemical engineering ; Pharmacology ; Chromatography ; Medicine ; Engineering Crystallization and Solubility Studies ; Protein purification and stability ; Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
Authors: Dietmar Wueller | Ken Parulski | Rita Hofmann-Sievert
Source: Electronic Imaging (article, 2025-02-02)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

ISO TC42 Process for the Selection of Representative Skin Tones Members of several working groups within the ISO Technical Committee 42 (photography) have begun addressing the important topic of providing guidance for which skin tones to use for image quality testing in various photographic applications. For example, when color patches for skin tones are used in TC42 standards, they should be inclusive and represent a broad range of skin types. Skin tones are present in more than 60% of all captured photographs and therefore need to accurately be corrected in digital cameras, properly displayed and printed on various softcopy and hardcopy devices, and the permanence of the printed colors needs to be determined. During the 2023 plenary meeting of TC 42 in Japan, an ad hoc working group (AHG) was initiated to develop such guidance and report back during the upcoming 2025 plenary meeting in Berlin. The group has investigated existing skin tone studies, including Fitzpatrick, Von Luschan, L&#x2019;Oreal, PERLA, Monk, Pantone ST, Massey NIS, Verkruysse, Holm and Wueller. It is currently drafting an ISO Technical Report that will document the work and result in recommendations regarding the selection of skin tone color patches and spectra to use for ISO related applications. Selection (genetic algorithm) ; Computer science ; Process (computing) ; Artificial intelligence ; Speech recognition ; Programming language Textile materials and evaluations ; Food Supply Chain Traceability ; Material Properties and Processing
Authors: Павло Гуменюк | Лариса Гуменюк | С. Дерлюк
Source: Technological Complexes (article, 2025-12-19)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Оцінка можливості виникнення кавітації в насосах&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The paper describes the main parameters that affect the cavitation process: flow velocity, pressure, and fluid viscosity. An algorithm is described that takes into account the main parameters of pump operation (pressure, temperature, volumetric flow rate) for automating the calculation of cavitation margin, and its software implementation in Python is performed. The dependence of the cavitation coefficient on temperature for three liquids: water, ethanol, and acetone, is analyzed. The dependence of the cavitation coefficient on the velocity of various liquids is analyzed. Conclusions are made about the influence of temperature and fluid velocity on the cavitation coefficient. Cavitation ; Flow velocity ; Flow (mathematics) ; Flow coefficient ; Fluid dynamics Ultrasound and Cavitation Phenomena ; Cavitation Phenomena in Pumps ; Advanced Theoretical and Applied Studies in Material Sciences and Geometry
Authors: Jonas Scherman | Marietta Petróczy | Erzsébet Szathmáry | Gábor Markó
Source: GEORGIKON FOR AGRICULTURE (article, 2025-01-30)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

An AI-driven image processing technique to simplify the pollen measurement in common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) is an invasive weed species that significantly impacts agriculture and public health. This study aimed to develop an automated AI-based object detection model using our annotated image recognition dataset for accurate pollen size measurement, focusing on repeatability and variability in pollen size among individuals with distinct morphological characteristics. The model can effectively streamline the traditionally labour-intensive process, achieving rapid, accurate data collection. Roboflow-based image analysis takes only milliseconds, which is significantly faster than traditional approaches, and a high repeatability index demonstrates a valid methodology for pollen analysis. The study suggests a relationship between pollen size variability and plant morphology, suggesting possible trade-offs between growth and reproduction or showing habitat-specific adaptations. Results may create valuable opportunities for plant biology or ecology, for instance, further investigation of plant-pathogen interactions and public health research. This innovative method represents a step forward in efficient pollen analysis and its integration into multidisciplinary studies. Ambrosia artemisiifolia ; Ragweed ; Ambrosia ; Pollen ; Botany ; Artificial intelligence ; Biology ; Computer science Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
Authors: Miller Mark
Source: Advancements in Civil Engineering & Technology (article, 2025-06-20)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Stress-strain State of Orthogonally Intersecting Shells and Surrounding Soil Considering Construction Stage Analysis The paper presents a numerical analysis of the effect of taking into account the stages of construction on the stress-strain state of a tee joint interacting with a soil array.The study of such systems is in demand by modern practice.For example, during the construction of the subway, there is always a need for tunnel connection structures that ensure the functioning of the main tunnels and stations.Calculated cases with a different number of stages of construction (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 40) tee connection have been compiled and the results were obtained.It is established that the correct accounting of successive stages of construction plays a key role in correct determining the stress-strain state of the shell-ground systems. Stage (stratigraphy) ; State (computer science) ; Feature (linguistics) ; Deformation (meteorology) ; Field (mathematics) Structural mechanics and materials ; Advanced Energy Technologies and Civil Engineering Innovations ; Thoreau and American Literature