jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Akansha Srivastav | Anurakti Shukla | Rakesh Kumar Singhal | Sudhakar Srivastav | Deepak Ganjewala | Manoj Shrivastava
Source: Trends in Sciences (article, 2023-05-31)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Soil and Plant Enzymes Responses to Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Submerged Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Ecosystem In the present study, the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. PB1509) plant growth were assessed in hydroponics (5, 10, 25, 50 mg L−1) and soil microcosm (5, 10, 25 50 mg kg−1) experiments. In both hydroponics and soil experiments, Zinc (Zn) accumulation in plant parts (roots, shoots and grains) was found to increase with increasing doses of ZnO NPs. Grains accumulated 29 mg kg−1 Zn at 50 mg kg−1 ZnO NPs in the soil experiment. In the hydroponics experiment, growth and photosynthetic pigments were induced by ZnO NPs up to 10 mg L−1, while higher doses of 25 and 50 mg L−1 were toxic to plant growth. Antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, APX and GPX) were mostly increased or unaffected by all ZnO NPs doses. In soil experiments, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were increased at 5 mg kg−1 followed by a declining trend. However, a significant decrease occurred only at 50 mg kg−1. Urease activity in soil was significantly increased at all doses of ZnO NPs, while the activity of dehydrogenase did not show any significant change up to 25 mg kg−1. The length of plants and photosynthetic pigments did not show much toxicity except root length beyond 10 mg kg−1; however, the biomass of plants including grains was significantly lower than control beyond 5 mg kg−1 dose. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (GPX, APX and CAT) showed a significant increase at all doses of ZnO NPs. The DTPA extractable Zn concentration in the soil was significantly elevated with increasing exposure concentrations of ZnO NPs. Based on hydroponics and soil experiments, this study suggests a dose of up to 10 mg L−1 or 10 mg kg−1 would be an appropriate dose for augmenting the growth of rice plants and Zn accumulation, and this can be practically utilized for rice plants growing in submerged conditions. HIGHLIGHTS Rice plants exposed to ZnO nanoparticles in hydroponics and soil Zinc accumulation increased significantly in roots, shoots and grains Lower dose of ZnO NPs (10 mg/L or mg/kg) augmented plant growth Antioxidant enzymes showed a significant increase in activity in ZnO NPs treatment GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT APX ; Hydroponics ; Chemistry ; Shoot ; Oryza sativa ; Horticulture ; Zinc ; Photosynthesis ; Antioxidant ; Agronomy ; Catalase ; Animal science ; Biology ; Biochemistry Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; Heavy metals in environment ; Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
Authors: Nevena Stajković | Yuanyuan Liu | Aleksandra Arsić | Ning Meng | Hang Lyu | Nan Zhang | Dirk Grimm | Holger Lerche | Ivana Nikić
Source: Journal of Cell Science (article, 2023-06-08)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Direct fluorescent labeling of NF186 and NaV1.6 in living primary neurons using bioorthogonal click chemistry The axon initial segment (AIS) is a highly specialized neuronal compartment that regulates the generation of action potentials and maintenance of neuronal polarity. Live imaging of the AIS is challenging due to the limited number of suitable labeling methods. To overcome this limitation, we established a novel approach for live labeling of the AIS using unnatural amino acids (UAAs) and click chemistry. The small size of UAAs and the possibility of introducing them virtually anywhere into target proteins make this method particularly suitable for labeling of complex and spatially restricted proteins. Using this approach, we labeled two large AIS components, the 186 kDa isoform of neurofascin (NF186; encoded by Nfasc) and the 260 kDa voltage-gated Na+ channel (NaV1.6, encoded by Scn8a) in primary neurons and performed conventional and super-resolution microscopy. We also studied the localization of epilepsy-causing NaV1.6 variants with a loss-of-function effect. Finally, to improve the efficiency of UAA incorporation, we developed adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors for click labeling in neurons, an achievement that could be transferred to more complex systems such as organotypic slice cultures, organoids, and animal models. Bioorthogonal chemistry ; Biology ; Click chemistry ; Fluorescence ; Primary (astronomy) ; Fluorescent labelling ; Computational biology ; Biochemistry ; Combinatorial chemistry ; Chemistry Click Chemistry and Applications ; Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques ; RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Authors: B. Chomet | Djamal Gacemi | Olivier Lopez | Livia Del Balzo | Angela Vasanelli | Yanko Todorov | Benoît Darquié | Carlo Sirtori
Source: Applied Physics Letters (article, 2023-06-05)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Highly coherent phase-lock of an 8.1 <i>μ</i>m quantum cascade laser to a turn-key mid-IR frequency comb A continuous-wave Fabry–Pérot quantum cascade laser (QCL) emitting at 8.1 μm operating in the single mode regime has been coherently phase locked to a turn-key low-noise commercial mid-Infrared (mid-IR) optical frequency comb. The stability of the comb used as a reference is transferred to the QCL resulting in an integrated residual phase error of 0.4 rad. The laser linewidth is narrowed by more than two orders of magnitude reaching sub-kHz level at 1 ms observation time, limited by the spectral purity of the mid-IR comb. Our experiment is an important step toward the development of both powerful and metrology-grade QCLs and fully stabilized QCL frequency comb and opens perspectives for precision measurements and frequency metrology in the mid-IR. Cascade ; Quantum cascade laser ; Laser ; Lock (firearm) ; Optoelectronics ; Semiconductor laser theory ; Frequency comb ; Phase (matter) ; Optics ; Physics ; Materials science ; Chemistry ; Engineering ; Quantum mechanics Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies ; Laser Design and Applications
Authors: Charlotte Bouquiaux | Pierre Beaujean | Tárcius N. Ramos | Frédéric Castet | Vincent Rodriguez | Benoı̂t Champagne
Source: The Journal of Chemical Physics (article, 2023-11-07)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

First hyperpolarizability of the di-8-ANEPPS and DR1 nonlinear optical chromophores in solution. An experimental and multi-scale theoretical chemistry study The solvent effects on the linear and second-order nonlinear optical properties of an aminonaphtylethenylpyridinium (ANEP) dye are investigated by combining experimental and theoretical chemistry methods. On the one hand, deep near infrared (NIR) hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) measurements (1840-1950 nm) are performed on solutions of di-8-ANEPPS in deuterated chloroform, dimethylformamide, and dimethylsulfoxide to determine their first hyperpolarizablity (βHRS). For the first time, these HRS experiments are carried out in the picosecond regime in the deep NIR with very moderate (≤3 mW) average input power, providing a good signal-to-noise ratio and avoiding solvent thermal effects. Moreover, the frequency dispersion of βHRS is investigated for Disperse Red 1 (DR1), a dye commonly used as HRS external reference. On the other hand, these are compared with computational chemistry results obtained by using a sequential molecular dynamics (MD) then quantum mechanics (QM) approach. The MD method allows accounting for the dynamical nature of the molecular structures. Then, the QM part is based on TDDFT/M06-2X/6-311+G* calculations using solvation models ranging from continuum to discrete ones. Measurements report a decrease of the βHRS of di-8-ANEPPS in more polar solvents and these effects are reproduced by the different solvation models. For di-8-ANEPPS and DR1, comparisons show that the use of a hybrid solvation model, combining the description of the solvent molecules around the probe by point charges with a continuum model, already achieves quasi quantitative agreement with experiment. These results are further improved by using a polarizable embedding that includes the atomic polarizabilities in the solvent description. Solvation ; Hyperpolarizability ; Chemistry ; Chromophore ; Polarizability ; Molecular dynamics ; Polarizable continuum model ; Quantum chemistry ; Solvent ; Computational chemistry ; Molecule ; Physical chemistry ; Chemical physics ; Organic chemistry Nonlinear Optical Materials Research ; Photochemistry and Electron Transfer Studies ; Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
Authors: Nivedita Chatterjee | Ernesto Alfaro‐Moreno
Source: International Journal of Molecular Sciences (review, 2023-05-04)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

In Vitro Cell Transformation Assays: A Valuable Approach for Carcinogenic Potentiality Assessment of Nanomaterials This review explores the application of in vitro cell transformation assays (CTAs) as a screening platform to assess the carcinogenic potential of nanomaterials (NMs) resulting from continuously growing industrial production and use. The widespread application of NMs in various fields has raised concerns about their potential adverse effects, necessitating safety evaluations, particularly in long-term continuous exposure scenarios. CTAs present a realistic screening platform for known and emerging NMs by examining their resemblance to the hallmark of malignancy, including high proliferation rates, loss of contact inhibition, the gain of anchorage-independent growth, cellular invasion, dysregulation of the cell cycle, apoptosis resistance, and ability to form tumors in experimental animals. Through the deliberate transformation of cells via chronic NM exposure, researchers can investigate the tumorigenic properties of NMs and the underlying mechanisms of cancer development. This article examines NM-induced cell transformation studies, focusing on identifying existing knowledge gaps. Specifically, it explores the physicochemical properties of NMs, experimental models, assays, dose and time requirements for cell transformation, and the underlying mechanisms of malignancy. Our review aims to advance understanding in this field and identify areas for further investigation. Malignant transformation ; Malignancy ; Transformation (genetics) ; Carcinogen ; Cancer research ; Cell growth ; Cell ; Nanotechnology ; Medicine ; Computational biology ; Biology ; Materials science ; Pathology ; Genetics Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; Air Quality and Health Impacts
Authors: Takahiro Yamazaki | Andre Montagnoli | Marcus L. Young | Ichiro Takeuchi
Source: Journal of Physics Energy (article, 2023-04-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Tuning the temperature range of superelastic Ni-Ti alloys for elastocaloric cooling via thermal processing Abstract Caloric cooling enlisting solid-state refrigerants is potentially a promising eco-friendly alternative to conventional cooling based on vapor compression. The most common refrigerant materials for elastocaloric cooling to date are Ni-Ti based superelastic shape memory alloys. Here, we have explored tuning the operation temperature range of Ni 50.8 Ti 49.2 for elastocaloric cooling. In particular, we have studied the effect of thermal treatments (a.k.a. aging) on the transformation temperature, superelasticity, and elastocaloric effects of Ni 50.8 Ti 49.2 shape memory alloy tubes. The isothermal compressive test revealed that the residual strain of thermally-treated Ni-Ti tubes at room temperature approaches zero as aging time is increased. Short-time aging treatment at 400 °C resulted in good superelasticity and elastocaloric cooling performance with a large tunable austenite finish ( A f ) temperature range of 24.7 °C, as determined from the A f temperature of the samples that were aged 5–120 min. The main reason of the property change is the formation of a different amount of Ni 4 Ti 3 precipitates in the NiTi matrix. Our findings show that it is possible to tailor the A f temperature range for development of cascade elastocaloric cooling systems by thermally treating a starting single composition Ni-Ti alloy. Materials science ; Pseudoelasticity ; Shape-memory alloy ; Atmospheric temperature range ; Refrigerant ; Isothermal process ; Metallurgy ; Vapor-compression refrigeration ; Austenite ; Alloy ; Nickel titanium ; Composite material ; Thermodynamics ; Martensite ; Gas compressor ; Microstructure Shape Memory Alloy Transformations ; Titanium Alloys Microstructure and Properties ; Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials
Authors: Hongxian Shen | Nguyen Thi My Duc | H. Belliveau | Lin Luo | Yunfei Wang | Jianfei Sun | Faxiang Qin | Manh‐Huong Phan
Source: Ministry of Science and Technology Vietnam (article, 2023-12-15)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Advanced magnetocaloric microwires: What does the future hold? Magnetic refrigeration (MR) based on the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) is a promising alternative to conventional vapor compression refrigeration techniques. The cooling efficiency of a magnetic refrigerator depends on its refrigeration capacity and operation frequency. Existing refrigerators possess limited cooling efficiency due to the low operating frequency (around tens of Hz). Theory predicts that reducing geometrical effects can increase the operation frequency by reducing the relaxation time of a magnetic material. As compared to other shapes, magnetocaloric wires transfer heat most effectively to a surrounding environment, due to their enhanced surface area. The wire shape also yields a good mechanical response, reducing the relaxation time and consequently increasing the operation frequency of the cooling device. Experiments have validated the theoretical predictions. By assembling microwires with different magnetocaloric properties and Curie temperatures into a laminate structure, a table-like magnetocaloric bed can be created and used as an active cooling device for micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) and nano-electro-mechanical system (NEMS). This paper assesses recent progress in the development of magnetocaloric microwires and sheds light on the important factors affecting the magnetocaloric behavior and cooling efficiency in microwire systems. Challenges, opportunities, and strategies regarding the development of advanced magnetocaloric microwires are also discussed. Magnetic refrigeration ; Materials science ; Refrigeration ; Refrigerant ; Cooling capacity ; Magnet ; Relaxation (psychology) ; Mechanical engineering ; Gas compressor ; Magnetic field ; Magnetization Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials ; Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials ; Multiferroics and related materials
Authors: Ziyang Cheng | Chuxin Li | Can Gao | Chengqi Zhang | Lei Jiang | Zhichao Dong
Source: Science Advances (article, 2023-09-08)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Viscous-capillary entrainment on bioinspired millimetric structure for sustained liquid transfer Liquid entrainment with a solid architecture passing through the fluid-fluid interface is ubiquitous and widely used in industrial processes as a liquid transfer method. Besides liquid properties, solid structures play a core role in entrainment. Although the influence of its macroscopic curvatures and microscale roughness has attracted years of research, the effect and potential of the commonly seen millimetric structures have not been sufficiently explored and exploited. Here, we demonstrate enhanced liquid entrainment on the millimetric structured surface by the co-effect of viscosity and capillarity for sustained liquid transfer of small deviation, including high-quantity uptake and practically operational drainage with small and relatively uniform droplet dripping time of varied liquid viscosities. With the overall process of viscous-capillary entrainment, we achieve stable cyclical arrayed liquid transport, showing its potential for sustained liquid transfer in intractable situations in laboratory, industry, and even daily life. Entrainment (biomusicology) ; Microscale chemistry ; Capillary action ; Materials science ; Viscosity ; Mass transfer ; Mechanics ; Viscous liquid ; Capillary number ; Capillary wave ; Surface tension ; Thermodynamics ; Physics ; Composite material Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity ; Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer ; Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies
Authors: Cameron N. Naylor | Elvin R. Cabrera | Brian H. Clowers
Source: Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry (article, 2023-03-14)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

A Comparison of the Performance of Modular Standalone Do-It-Yourself Ion Mobility Spectrometry Systems As the spectrum of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) applications expands and more experimental configurations are developed, identifying the correct platform for an experimental campaign becomes more challenging for researchers. Additionally, metrics that compare performance (<i>R</i><sub>p,</sub> for example) often have nuanced differences in definition between platforms that render direct comparisons difficult. Here we present a comparison of three do-it-yourself (DIY) drift tubes that are relatively low cost and easy to construct, where the performance of each is evaluated based on three different metrics: resolving power, the ideality of resolving powers, and accuracy/precision of <i>K</i><sub>0</sub> values. The standard PCBIMS design developed by Reinecke and Clowers (Reinecke, T.; Clowers, B. H. <i>HardwareX</i> 2018, 4, e00030) provided the highest resolving power (>90) and the highest ideality of resolving power ratios (>90% at best) of the three systems. However, the flexible tube (FlexIMS) construction as described by Smith et al. (Smith, B. L. <i>Anal. Chem.</i> 2020, 92 (13), 9104-9112) exhibited the highest degree of precision of <i>K</i><sub>0</sub> values (relative standard deviation of <0.42%). Depending on the application, the drift tube variants presented and evaluated here offer a low-cost alternative to commercial drift-tube systems with levels of performance that approach theoretical maxima. Ion-mobility spectrometry ; Drift tube ; Chemistry ; Modular design ; Relative standard deviation ; Power (physics) ; Ion ; Construct (python library) ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Standard deviation ; Mass spectrometry ; Computer science ; Chromatography ; Statistics ; Thermodynamics ; Detection limit ; Physics Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Analytical chemistry methods development ; Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Authors: Xènia Rodríguez-Miret | María del Carmen Trapote | Javier Sigró | Teresa Vegas‐Vilarrúbia
Source: The Science of The Total Environment (article, 2023-04-24)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Diatom responses to warming, heavy rains and human impact in a Mediterranean lake since the preindustrial period In the Mediterranean region, annual mean air temperature will continue to increase during the 21st century, while seasonal precipitation is expected to decrease and extreme events to be more frequent. Human-induced climate change will severely impact aquatic ecosystems. A subdecadal stratigraphic diatom record of Lake Montcortès (central Pyrenees) was investigated, focusing on the potential responses of diatoms to anthropogenic warming and catchment alteration. The study includes the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA), the transition to the industrial and postindustrial eras, and the recent global warming and its current acceleration. Sediment samples were treated and diatoms taxonomically identified. Relationships between diatom taxa abundances and climatic (temperature and precipitation) and environmental (land use, soil erosion, and eutrophication) variables were investigated using multivariate statistical methods. The results indicate that, from ca. 1716 to 1971 CE, the diatom community was dominated by Cyclotella cyclopuncta and showed small perturbations, despite the pressure of important stressors such as strong cooling episodes, droughts and an intense use of the lake for hemp retting during the 18th and 19th centuries. However, during the 20th century, other centric species gained relevance, and from the 1970s on, Cyclotella ocellata competed with C. cyclopuncta for dominance. These changes coincided with pulse-like disturbances in the form of extreme rainfall events along with the gradual 20th century increase in global temperature. These perturbations affected the planktonic diatom community and led to instability dynamics. The benthic diatom community did not reflect any comparable shifts under the effect of the same climatic and environmental variables. Because heavy rainfall episodes are likely to intensify with current climate change in the Mediterranean region, their importance as stressors of planktonic primary producers should be taken into account as potential disrupters of biogeochemical cycles and trophic networks of lakes and ponds. Diatom ; Climate change ; Environmental science ; Dominance (genetics) ; Global warming ; Plankton ; Ecology ; Global change ; Ecosystem ; Benthic zone ; Oceanography ; Physical geography ; Geography ; Geology ; Biology Diatoms and Algae Research ; Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics ; Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology and Behavior
Authors: Oren Goldberg | Rivka Gherabli | Jacob Engelberg | Jinan Nijem | Noa Mazurski | Uriel Levy
Source: Advanced Optical Materials (article, 2023-09-29)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Silicon Rich Nitride Huygens Metasurfaces in the Visible Regime Abstract In recent years there has been a shift of interest in the Nanophotonics community moving from using metallic/plasmonic materials to using high‐index dielectric materials for the construction of metasurfaces. Although high‐index dielectrics hold many advantages over their plasmonic counterparts, the selection of materials that exhibit high‐index properties, have low loss, and are complemetary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) compatible that also operate in the visible regime is extremely challenging. In this work, a high‐index dielectric material using silicon rich nitride (SRN) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated as a platform for solving this problem. While SRN has been used before for diffractive lenses and structural colors, here its applicability for Huygens‐type metasurfaces is focused upon. Specifically, a Huygens metasurface that operates in the visible range around a wavelength of 575 nm is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated, and the capabilities of spatially controlling the phase of this metasurface are further demonstrated by designing and fabricating a Huygens meta hologram. The study also shows that the refractive index can be controlled by the interplay between SiH 4 and NH 3 during the plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process. Materials science ; Refractive index ; Plasmon ; Dielectric ; Nanophotonics ; Silicon nitride ; Optoelectronics ; Optics ; Chemical vapor deposition ; Silicon ; Physics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies