jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Chenjie Lou | Wenda Zhang | Jie Liu | Yanan Gao | Xuan Sun | Jipeng Fu | Yongchao Shi | Ligang Xu | Huajie Luo | Yongjin Chen | Xiang Gao | Xiaojun Kuang | Lei Su | Mingxue Tang
Source: Chemical Science (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

The glass phase in the grain boundary of Na<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>12</sub>, created by gallium modulation Na<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>12</sub> has been proven to be a promising electrolyte for solid-state sodium batteries. However, its poor conductivity prevents application, caused by the large ionic resistance created by the grain boundary. Herein, we propose an additional glass phase (Na-Ga-Si-P-O phase) to connect the grain boundary <i>via</i> Ga ion introduction, resulting in enhanced sodium-ion conduction and electrochemical performance. The optimized Na<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>12</sub>-0.15Ga electrolyte exhibits Na<sup>+</sup> conductivity of 1.65 mS cm<sup>-1</sup> at room temperature and a low activation energy of 0.16 eV, with 20% newly formed glass phase enclosing the grain boundary. Temperature-dependent NMR line shapes and spin-lattice relaxation were used to estimate the Na self-diffusion and Na ion hopping. The dense glass-ceramic electrolyte design strategy and the structure-dynamics-property correlation from NMR, can be extended to the optimization of other materials. Gallium ; Grain boundary ; Materials science ; Phase (matter) ; Modulation (music) ; Crystallography ; Mineralogy ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Metallurgy ; Chemistry ; Physics ; Microstructure Solid-state spectroscopy and crystallography ; Glass properties and applications ; Thermal and Kinetic Analysis
Authors: Zhaojiang Shi | Shicheng Dong | Ting Liu | Weizhen Wang | Nan Li | Yaofeng Yuan | Jun Zhu | Ke‐Yin Ye
Source: Chemical Science (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Electrochemical cascade migratory <i>versus ortho</i> -cyclization of 2-alkynylbenzenesulfonamides Efficient control over several possible reaction pathways of free radicals is the chemical basis of their highly selective transformations. Among various competing reaction pathways, sulfonimidyl radicals generated from the electrolysis of 2-alkynylbenzenesulfonamides undergo cascade migratory or <i>ortho</i>-cyclization cyclization selectively. It is found that the incorporation of an extra 2-methyl substituent biases the selective migration of the acyl- over vinyl-linker of the key spirocyclic cation intermediate and thus serves as an enabling handle to achieve the synthetically interesting yet under-investigated cascade migratory cyclization of spirocyclic cations. Cascade ; Electrochemistry ; Chemistry ; Chromatography ; Electrode Radical Photochemical Reactions ; Sulfur-Based Synthesis Techniques ; Catalytic C–H Functionalization Methods
Authors: Serena Flori | Jack Dickenson | Trupti Gaikwad | Isobel Cole | Nicholas Smirnoff | Katherine E. Helliwell | Colin Brownlee | Glen L. Wheeler
Source: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (article, 2024-11-08)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Diatoms exhibit dynamic chloroplast calcium signals in response to high light and oxidative stress Diatoms are a group of silicified algae that play a major role in marine and freshwater ecosystems. Diatom chloroplasts were acquired by secondary endosymbiosis and exhibit important structural and functional differences from the primary plastids of land plants and green algae. Many functions of primary plastids, including photoacclimation and inorganic carbon acquisition, are regulated by calcium-dependent signaling processes. Calcium signaling has also been implicated in the photoprotective responses of diatoms; however, the nature of calcium elevations in diatom chloroplasts and their wider role in cell signaling remains unknown. Using genetically encoded calcium indicators, we find that the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum exhibits dynamic calcium elevations within the chloroplast stroma. Stromal calcium ([Ca2+]str) acts independently from the cytosol and is not elevated by stimuli that induce large cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]cyt) elevations. In contrast, high light and exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induce large, sustained [Ca2+]str elevations that are not replicated in the cytosol. Measurements using the fluorescent H2O2 sensor roGFP2-Oxidant Receptor Peroxidase 1 (Orp1) indicate that [Ca2+]str elevations induced by these stimuli correspond to the accumulation of H2O2 in the chloroplast. [Ca2+]str elevations were also induced by adding methyl viologen, which generates superoxide within the chloroplast, and by treatments that disrupt nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). The findings indicate that diatoms generate specific [Ca2+]str elevations in response to high light and oxidative stress that likely modulate the activity of calcium-sensitive components in photoprotection and other regulatory pathways. Calcium ; Chloroplast ; Oxidative stress ; Botany ; Stress (linguistics) ; Fight-or-flight response ; Oxidative phosphorylation ; Biophysics ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry ; Gene Diatoms and Algae Research
Authors: Yi Yu | In Cheol Seo | Manlin Luo | Kunze Lu | Bongkwon Son | Jian Kwang Tan | Donguk Nam
Source: Nanophotonics (article, 2024-06-03)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Tunable single‐photon emitters in 2D materials Single-photon emitters (SPEs) hold the key to many quantum technologies including quantum computing. In particular, developing a scalable array of identical SPEs can play an important role in preparing single photons - crucial resources for computation - at a high rate, allowing to improve the computational capacity. Recently, different types of SPEs have been found in various 2D materials. Towards realizing scalable SPE arrays in 2D materials for quantum computation, it is required to develop tunable SPEs that can produce identical photons by precisely controlling emission properties. Here, we present a brief review of the recent progress on various tuning methods in different 2D materials. Firstly, we discuss the operation principle of different 2D SPEs along with their unique characteristics. Secondly, we introduce various dynamic strain engineering methods for tuning the emission wavelengths in 2D SPEs. We also present several electric field-induced wavelength tuning methods for 2D SPEs. Lastly, we discuss the outlook of dynamically tunable 2D SPEs towards scalable 2D SPE arrays for realizing practical quantum photonics applications. Scalability ; Photonics ; Photon ; Quantum computer ; Computer science ; Computation ; Quantum information science ; Quantum ; Nanomaterials ; Nanotechnology ; Quantum technology ; Optoelectronics ; Materials science ; Electronic engineering ; Physics ; Quantum entanglement ; Optics ; Quantum mechanics ; Open quantum system ; Engineering Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; Quantum Information and Cryptography ; Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies
Authors: J. M. Zhao | Xianfeng Wu | Doudou Zhang | Xiaoting Xu | Xiaonong Wang | Xiaopeng Zhao
Source: Nature Communications (article, 2024-03-23)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Amber rainbow ribbon effect in broadband optical metamaterials Using the trapped rainbow effect to slow down or even stop light has been widely studied. However, high loss and energy leakage severely limited the development of rainbow devices. Here, we observed the negative Goos-Hänchen effect in film samples across the entire visible spectrum. We also discovered an amber rainbow ribbon and an optical black hole due to perfect back reflection in optical waveguides, where little light leaks out. Not only does the amber rainbow ribbon effect show an automatic frequency selection response, as predicted by single frequency theoretical models and confirmed by experiments, it also shows spatial periodic regulation, resulting from broadband omnidirectional visible metamaterials prepared by disordered assembly systems. This broadband light trapping system could play a crucial role in the fields of optical storage and information processing when being used to construct ultra-compact modulators and other tunable devices. Rainbow ; Broadband ; Ribbon ; Metamaterial ; Optics ; Visible spectrum ; Optoelectronics ; Materials science ; Omnidirectional antenna ; Reflection (computer programming) ; Slow light ; Physics ; Photonic crystal ; Telecommunications ; Computer science Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Photonic Crystals and Applications ; Random lasers and scattering media
Authors: Mhd Adel Assad | Mady Elbahri
Source: Advanced Functional Materials (article, 2024-11-22)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Perfect Ultraviolet Absorbers via Disordered Polarizonic Metasurfaces for Multiband Camouflage and Stealth Technologies Abstract Achieving multiband camouflage through the integration of ultraviolet (UV) absorption, visible light camouflage, and infrared signature modulation has long posed a challenge in material science. Leveraging the polarizonic concept, the study demonstrates, for the first time, the broadband camouflage system that adheres to the golden rule by achieving near‐perfect UV absorption (99.96%) across the UV‐A, UV‐B, and UV‐C ranges. This system is also visibly colored to blend with its environment and leaves no thermal signature in the IR. Traditionally, earth‐abundant metals, such as iron, are not considered viable for plasmonic color applications due to their high optical losses and oxidation susceptibility that degrade their optical properties. However, contrary to conventional assumptions, the study introduces a sustainable color palette derived from transparent and grey earth‐abundant materials, offering novel approaches to color, stealth, and energy‐harvesting metasurface‐driven technologies. The simple, cost‐effective, and environmentally friendly co‐sputtering fabrication method highlights the impact of the polarizonic concept and its novel dipolar image interference phenomena on flexible substrates therefore passivating the way for scalable and sustainable solutions in next‐generation camouflage systems with potential applications in UV‐protective coatings, photolithography, and anti‐counterfeiting technologies. Camouflage ; Materials science ; Plasmon ; Ultraviolet ; Nanotechnology ; Photolithography ; Absorption (acoustics) ; Optoelectronics ; Computer science ; Optics ; Physics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies ; Polydiacetylene-based materials and applications
Authors: Zhifeng Chen | Jiming Chen | Wenli Liao | Yuan Zhao | Jian‐Hua Jiang | Chengying Chen
Source: Micromachines (review, 2024-06-25)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Progress on a Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistor Integrated Circuit: State of the Art, Challenges, and Evolution As the traditional silicon-based CMOS technology advances into the nanoscale stage, approaching its physical limits, the Carbon Nanotube Field-effect Transistor (CNTFET) is considered to be the most significant transistor technology beyond Moore's era. The CNTFET has a quasi-one-dimensional structure so that the carrier can realize ballistic transport and has very high mobility. At the same time, a single CNTFET can integrate hundreds of nanowires as the conductive channels, enabling significant current transport capabilities even in low supply voltage, thereby providing a foundational basis for achieving nanoscale ultra-large-scale analog/logic circuits. This paper summarizes the development status of the CNTFET compact model and digital/analog/RF integrated circuits. The challenges faced by SPICE modeling and circuit design are analyzed. Meanwhile, solutions to these challenges and development trends of carbon-based transistors are discussed. Finally, the future application prospects of carbon-based integrated circuits are presented. Carbon nanotube ; Carbon nanotube field-effect transistor ; Nanotechnology ; Materials science ; Field-effect transistor ; Transistor ; State (computer science) ; Nanotube ; Engineering physics ; Optoelectronics ; Electrical engineering ; Engineering ; Computer science ; Voltage Carbon Nanotubes in Composites ; Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design ; Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
Authors: Austin H. Cheng | Cher Tian Ser | Marta Skreta | Andrés Guzmán-Cordero | Luca Thiede | Andreas Burger | Abdulrahman Aldossary | Shi Xuan Leong | Sergio Pablo‐García | Felix Strieth‐Kalthoff | Alán Aspuru‐Guzik
Source: Faraday Discussions (article, 2024-09-13)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Spiers Memorial Lecture: How to do impactful research in artificial intelligence for chemistry and materials science Machine learning has been pervasively touching many fields of science. Chemistry and materials science are no exception. While machine learning has been making a great impact, it is still not reaching its full potential or maturity. In this perspective, we first outline current applications across a diversity of problems in chemistry. Then, we discuss how machine learning researchers view and approach problems in the field. Finally, we provide our considerations for maximizing impact when researching machine learning for chemistry. Perspective (graphical) ; Field (mathematics) ; Computer science ; Diversity (politics) ; Maturity (psychological) ; Artificial intelligence ; Chemistry ; Data science ; Sociology ; Psychology ; Mathematics Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Computational Drug Discovery Methods
Authors: Muyu Lu | Fengyu Gao | Xiaolong Tang | Linjiang Chen
Source: iScience (article, 2024-03-07)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Analysis and prediction in SCR experiments using GPT-4 with an effective chain-of-thought prompting strategy This study explores the use of large language models (LLMs) in interpreting and predicting experimental outcomes based on given experimental variables, leveraging the human-like reasoning and inference capabilities of LLMs, using selective catalytic reduction of NO<sub>x</sub> with NH<sub>3</sub> as a case study. We implement the chain of thought (CoT) concept to formulate logical steps for uncovering connections within the data, introducing an "Ordered-and-Structured" CoT (OSCoT) prompting strategy. We compare the OSCoT strategy with the more conventional "One-Pot" CoT (OPCoT) approach and with human experts. We demonstrate that GPT-4, equipped with this new OSCoT prompting strategy, outperforms the other two settings and accurately predicts experimental outcomes and provides intuitive reasoning for its predictions. Inference ; Reduction (mathematics) ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Mathematics Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Topic Modeling ; Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
Authors: Désirée Gül | Burcu Önal Acet | Qiang Lü | Roland H. Stauber | Mehmet Odabaşı | Ömür Acet
Source: International Journal of Molecular Sciences (article, 2024-05-09)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Revolution in Cancer Treatment: How Are Intelligently Designed Nanostructures Changing the Game? Nanoparticles (NPs) are extremely important tools to overcome the limitations imposed by therapeutic agents and effectively overcome biological barriers. Smart designed/tuned nanostructures can be extremely effective for cancer treatment. The selection and design of nanostructures and the adjustment of size and surface properties are extremely important, especially for some precision treatments and drug delivery (DD). By designing specific methods, an important era can be opened in the biomedical field for personalized and precise treatment. Here, we focus on advances in the selection and design of nanostructures, as well as on how the structure and shape, size, charge, and surface properties of nanostructures in biological fluids (BFs) can be affected. We discussed the applications of specialized nanostructures in the therapy of head and neck cancer (HNC), which is a difficult and aggressive type of cancer to treat, to give an impetus for novel treatment approaches in this field. We also comprehensively touched on the shortcomings, current trends, and future perspectives when using nanostructures in the treatment of cancer. Nanotechnology ; Cancer treatment ; Computer science ; Nanostructure ; Cancer ; Selection (genetic algorithm) ; Drug delivery ; Risk analysis (engineering) ; Materials science ; Medicine ; Artificial intelligence Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics ; RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Authors: Hyuk Jun Yoo | Nayeon Kim | Hee‐Seung Lee | Daeho Kim | Leslie Ching Ow Tiong | Hyobin Nam | Chansoo Kim | Seung Yong Lee | Kwan‐Young Lee | Dong-Hun Kim | Sang Soo Han
Source: Advanced Functional Materials (article, 2024-03-06)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Bespoke Metal Nanoparticle Synthesis at Room Temperature and Discovery of Chemical Knowledge on Nanoparticle Growth via Autonomous Experimentations Abstract The optimization of nanomaterial synthesis using numerous synthetic variables is considered to be an extremely laborious task because conventional combinatorial explorations are prohibitively expensive. In this work, an autonomous experimentation platform developed for the bespoke design of metal nanoparticles (NPs) with targeted optical properties is reported. This platform operates in a closed‐loop manner between the batch synthesis module of metal NPs and the UV–vis spectroscopy module, based on the feedback of the AI optimization modeling. With silver (Ag) NPs as a representative example, it is demonstrated that the Bayesian optimizer implemented with the early stopping criterion can efficiently produce Ag NPs at room temperature precisely possessing the desired absorption spectra within only 200 iterations (when optimizing among five aqueous synthetic reagents). In addition to the outstanding material developmental efficiency, the analysis of synthetic variables further reveals a novel chemistry involving the quantitative effects of citrate in Ag NP synthesis. The amount of citrate is key to controlling the competition between spherical and plate‐shaped NPs and, as a result, affects the shapes of the absorption spectra as well. This study highlights both capabilities of the platform to enhance search efficiencies and to provide novel chemical knowledge by analyzing datasets accumulated from autonomous experimentations. Bespoke ; Reagent ; Nanoparticle ; Materials science ; Nanomaterials ; Nanotechnology ; Absorption (acoustics) ; Computer science ; Biological system ; Chemistry ; Organic chemistry Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications ; Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties ; Machine Learning in Materials Science
Authors: Dihui Wang | Heng Ban | Puqing Jiang
Source: Applied Physics Reviews (article, 2024-04-09)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Spatially resolved lock-in micro-thermography (SR-LIT): A tensor analysis-enhanced method for anisotropic thermal characterization While high-throughput (HT) computations have streamlined the discovery of promising new materials, experimental characterization remains challenging and time-consuming. One significant bottleneck is the lack of an HT thermal characterization technique capable of analyzing advanced materials exhibiting varying surface roughness and in-plane anisotropy. To tackle these challenges, we introduce spatially resolved lock-in micro-thermography, an innovative technique enhanced by tensor analysis for optical thermal characterization. Our comprehensive analysis and experimental findings showcase notable advancements: We present a novel tensor-based methodology that surpasses the limitations of vector-based analysis prevalent in existing techniques, significantly enhancing the characterization of arbitrary in-plane anisotropic thermal conductivity tensors. On the instrumental side, we introduce a straightforward camera-based detection system that, when combined with the tensor-based methodology, enables HT thermal measurements. This technique requires minimal sample preparation and enables the determination of the entire in-plane thermal conductivity tensor with a single data acquisition lasting under 40 s, demonstrating a time efficiency over 90 times superior to state-of-the-art HT thermology. Additionally, our method accommodates millimeter-sized samples with poor surface finish, tolerating surface roughness up to 3.5 μm. These features highlight an innovative approach to realizing HT and accurate thermal characterization across various research areas and real-world applications. Characterization (materials science) ; Tensor (intrinsic definition) ; Thermography ; Anisotropy ; Thermal conductivity ; Computer science ; Materials science ; Bottleneck ; Thermal ; Surface roughness ; Surface finish ; Optics ; Nanotechnology ; Physics ; Geometry ; Mathematics ; Composite material Thermal properties of materials ; Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques
Authors: Nuwan Sameera Liyanage | Fatima Awwad | Karen Cristine Gonçalves dos Santos | Thilina U. Jayawardena | Natacha Mérindol | Isabel Desgagné‐Penix
Source: Journal of Experimental Botany (review, 2024-04-23)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Navigating <i>Amaryllidaceae</i> alkaloids: bridging gaps and charting biosynthetic territories Amaryllidaceae alkaloid (AA) biosynthesis has garnered significant attention in recent years, particularly with the commercialization of galanthamine as a treatment for the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. A significant amount of research work over the last eight decades has focused on the understanding of AA biosynthesis, starting from early radiolabelling studies to recent multi-omics analysis with modern biotechnological advancements. Those studies enabled the identification of hundreds of metabolites, the characterization of biochemical pathways, and an understanding of the environmental stimuli and of the molecular regulation of these pharmaceutically and agriculturally important metabolites. Despite numerous studies, there remain significant gaps in understanding the biosynthesis of AAs in Amaryllidaceae plants. As such, further research is needed to fully elucidate the metabolic pathways and facilitate their production. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge on AA biosynthesis, from elicitation of expression of transcription factors in the cell nucleus to alkaloid transport in the apoplast, and to highlight the challenges that need to be overcome for further advancement. Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids ; Biosynthesis ; Amaryllidaceae ; Biology ; Computational biology ; Biotechnology ; Biochemistry ; Botany ; Gene Chemical synthesis and alkaloids ; Alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology ; Advanced Synthetic Organic Chemistry