jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: S. Möller | D. Höschen | W.M. Arnoldbik | B. Tyburska-Püschel
Source: Materials (article, 2024-07-24)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

An MeV Proton Irradiation Facility: DICE Materials applied in nuclear environments such as fission or fusion power-plants face severe conditions. The irradiation by neutrons induces thermal loads and irradiation damage. Furthermore, coolants in contact with the materials induce corrosion, which is particularly challenging for liquid salts intended for the next generation of fission reactors. A new device (DICE) is installed at the 3.5 MV accelerator at DIFFER for the accelerated testing of such materials under combined irradiation and corrosion conditions. The DICE enables irradiation of samples at temperatures of up to 1050 K and in contact with liquid salts. An integrated shielding and a low power temperature control concept based on radiation cooling enables high-duty cycle application in a standard accelerator laboratory. Ion currents of up to 30 µA are possible with continuous irradiation. This work outlines the technical concept of the device and presents the first data. Irradiation ; Nuclear engineering ; Materials science ; Coolant ; Corrosion ; Dice ; Electromagnetic shielding ; Radiochemistry ; Duty cycle ; Radiation damage ; Nuclear physics ; Fission ; Fusion power ; Neutron ; Power (physics) ; Composite material ; Physics ; Chemistry ; Plasma ; Engineering Fusion materials and technologies ; Nuclear Materials and Properties ; Nuclear reactor physics and engineering
Authors: Weimin Yang | Qi Ding | Xinhe Xing | Fang Wang | Hengwei Lin | Si Li
Source: Nanoscale (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Dual-mode detection for the total antioxidant capability of skincare products based on porous CuS@CdS@Au nanoshells The antioxidants in skincare products play a crucial role in delaying the aging process of the skin. With the growing variety of cosmetic products, it is essential to develop effective methods for measuring their total antioxidant capability (TAC). This study introduces a novel nanoenyzme, CuS@CdS@Au nanoshells (NSs), characterized by porous morphologies and composite materials, which demonstrate remarkable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects, thereby enhancing their photocatalytic and photothermal properties. Under 808 nm laser irradiation, these nano-enzymes exhibited superior catalytic ability for TMB oxidation and temperature increases compared to CuS or CuS @Au NSs. The TMB absorption response and temperature increase showed high sensitivity to antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, glutathione, and ferulic acid, enabling the development of a dual-mode detection strategy for quantifying the TAC in skincare products without the need for complex pretreatments. Furthermore, the temperature response-based detection results proved to be more accurate than those derived from absorption response in recovery experiments. This research not only improves the reliability of antioxidant assessments but also provides a valuable tool for quality control in the skincare industry. Nanoshell ; Dual mode ; Materials science ; Porosity ; Dual (grammatical number) ; Nanotechnology ; Chemical engineering ; Composite material ; Nanoparticle ; Electronic engineering ; Engineering Advanced Nanomaterials in Catalysis ; Electrochemical sensors and biosensors ; Biosensors and Analytical Detection
Authors: Eugenio Gambari | S. Meyer | Sacha Guesne | Pascal David | François Debontridder | L. Limot | Fabrice Scheurer | Christophe Brun | Bertrand Dupé | Tristan Cren | Marie Hervé
Source: Advanced Functional Materials (article, 2024-07-27)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Higher Order Topological Defects in a Moiré Lattice Abstract Topological defects are ubiquitous, they manifest in a wide variety of systems such as liquid crystals, magnets or superconductors. The recent quest for non‐abelian anyons in condensed matter physics stimulates the interest for topological defects since they can be hosted in vortices in quantum magnets or topological superconductors. In addition to these vortex defects, this study proposes to investigate edge dislocations in 2D magnets as new building blocks for topological physics since they can be described as vortices in the structural phase field. It demonstrates the existence of higher order topological dislocations within the higher order moiré pattern of the van der Waals 2D magnet CrCl 3 deposited on Au(111). Surprisingly, these higher order dislocations arise from ordinary simple edge dislocations in the atomic lattice of CrCl 3 . This study provide a theoretical framework explaining the higher order dislocations as vortices with a winding Chern number of 2. It is expected that these original defects can stabilize some anyons either in a 2D quantum magnet or within a 2D superconductor coupled to it. Topological quantum computer ; Topological defect ; Condensed matter physics ; Superconductivity ; Vortex ; Topological order ; van der Waals force ; Topology (electrical circuits) ; Magnet ; Physics ; Lattice (music) ; Materials science ; Quantum ; Quantum mechanics 2D Materials and Applications ; Topological Materials and Phenomena ; Advanced Condensed Matter Physics
Authors: E Leelavathy | S. M. Shaheedha
Source: International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance (article, 2024-06-25)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

An Innovative RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Montelukast and Ebastine in Tablet Formulations: Development, Validation, and Stability Assessment This study aimed to develop and validate an innovative reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of montelukast sodium (MNK) and ebastine (EBA) in tablet formulations. Utilizing a Shimadzu LC2010CHT system with a Phenomenex Luna C18 column, the mobile phase consisted of ammonium acetate buffer, acetonitrile, and methanol in a 12:55:33 ratio, with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and detection at 250 nm. Validation followed ICH guidelines, assessing linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, and stability under various stress conditions. Both MNK and EBA showed excellent linearity within 16 to 24 μg/mL with correlation coefficients of 0.999. Accuracy was confirmed through recovery studies showing 98 to 102% mean recoveries. Precision was demonstrated with %RSD values below 2%. The method remained robust under slight variations in conditions, and stability studies indicated minimal degradation of both drugs. The developed RP-HPLC method proved rapid, precise, and robust for the simultaneous quantification of montelukast and ebastine in tablet formulations, demonstrating practicality and reliability for pharmaceutical quality control. Montelukast ; Chromatography ; Mathematics ; Chemistry ; Pharmacology ; Medicine ; Computer science ; Internal medicine ; Asthma Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals ; Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography ; Multicomponent Synthesis of Heterocycles
Authors: Martin Baránek | P. Neilinger | Samuel Kern | M. Grajcar
Source: Optical and Quantum Electronics (article, 2024-10-09)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Numerical modeling of SNSPD absorption utilizing optical conductivity with quantum corrections Abstract Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors are widely used in various fields of physics and technology, due to their high efficiency and timing precision. Although, in principle, their detection mechanism offers broadband operation, their wavelength range has to be optimized by the optical cavity parameters for a specific task. We present a study of the optical absorption of a superconducting nanowire single photon detector with an optical cavity. The optical properties of the niobium nitride films, measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry, were modeled using the Drude–Lorentz model with quantum corrections. The numerical simulations of the optical response of the detectors show that the wavelength range of the detector is not solely determined by its geometry, but the optical conductivity of the disordered thin metallic films contributes considerably. This contribution can be conveniently expressed by the ratio of imaginary and real parts of the optical conductivity. This knowledge can be utilized in detector design. Optics ; Absorption (acoustics) ; Conductivity ; Quantum ; Physics ; Materials science ; Optoelectronics ; Quantum mechanics Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Quantum optics and atomic interactions ; Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
Authors: R. Fersi | Dalia Apolo Palarizato
Source: physica status solidi (a) (article, 2024-04-19)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Exploration of the Magnetic Properties of ZrCo:Co Bilayer Films: Effects of the Thickness of the Co Layer on the Anisotropy and Magnetic Interaction Parameters The analysis of ZrCo:Co films with varying Co layer thicknesses reveals distinctive magnetic properties and behaviors. Despite significant roughness, the films exhibit uniform surfaces and complete crystallization at the nanoscale. Magnetic studies show positive remanence anisotropy, decreased coercivity Hc and remanent magnetization Mr with increasing film thickness, along with a linear correlation between thickness and surface roughness. Exchange interactions between grains and layers influence magnetic properties. Ferromagnetic resonance analysis demonstrates a direct correlation between film thickness and magnetization orientation preference, notably at δ Co = 200 nm. These findings underscore the critical role of film thickness in determining microstructural and magnetic properties, offering insights for magnetic device and nanotechnology applications. Understanding these relationships may lead to thickness‐tunable magnetic materials. This study uniquely explores ZrCo:Co films, delving into how their magnetic properties vary with Co layer thickness, revealing novel magnetic behaviors. Bilayer ; Magnetic anisotropy ; Materials science ; Layer (electronics) ; Anisotropy ; Condensed matter physics ; Composite material ; Magnetization ; Chemistry ; Magnetic field ; Physics ; Membrane ; Optics Magnetic Properties of Alloys ; Rare-earth and actinide compounds ; Hydrogen Storage and Materials
Authors: Adam R. Altenhof | Qing Yang | Michal Kern | Shaun Newman | Jens Anders | Michael Malone
Source: Journal of Magnetic Resonance (article, 2024-10-15)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

A high-volume resonator for L-band DNP-NMR Volume (thermodynamics) ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Resonator ; Materials science ; Electron paramagnetic resonance ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Optoelectronics ; Physics ; Organic chemistry ; Thermodynamics Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications ; Electron Spin Resonance Studies ; Solid-state spectroscopy and crystallography
Authors: Ali Raza | Qamar U Zaman | Zhangli Hu
Source: Plant Communications (article, 2024-06-22)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Leveraging a new thermosensor for heat-smart future agriculture Publisher of over 50 scientific journals across the life, physical, earth, and health sciences, both independently and in partnership with scientific societies including Cell, Neuron, Immunity, Current Biology, AJHG, and the Trends Journals. Agriculture ; Business ; Environmental science ; Environmental resource management ; Natural resource economics ; Agroforestry ; Geography ; Economics ; Archaeology thermodynamics and calorimetric analyses ; Light effects on plants ; Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control
Authors: Ruixuan Sun | Shuman Liu | Zhe-Yu Song | Jinchuan Zhang | Ning Zhuo | Junqi Liu | Lijun Wang | Shenqiang Zhai | Fengmin Cheng | Fengqi Liu
Source: AIP Advances (article, 2024-11-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

13 <i>μ</i>m emission InAs/AlSb quantum cascade lasers with high slope efficiency and peak output power enabled by diagonal transition design Long wavelength InAs/AlSb quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) emitting at 13 μm, based on a diagonal transition scheme design through band structure engineering, have been grown and fabricated. This band structure engineering focuses on enhancing transition efficiency and suppressing carrier leakage. Our 3-mm-long, 25-μm-wide InAs/AlSb QCL has achieved a slope efficiency of 210 mW/A and a maximum peak power of 515 mW, despite encountering a substantial waveguide loss of 27 cm−1 and a relatively high threshold of 4.8 kA/cm2, due to the elevated residual doping level. Our InAs/AlSb QCL devices have demonstrated record-breaking performance in terms of slope efficiency, maximum peak power, and injection efficiency. Cavity length analysis suggests that reducing the residual doping by half could pave the way for achieving continuous wave output power in the realm of hundreds of milliwatts at room temperature for our designed 13 μm QCLs. Cascade ; Diagonal ; Slope efficiency ; Optoelectronics ; Materials science ; Laser ; Quantum well ; Power (physics) ; Condensed matter physics ; Semiconductor laser theory ; Physics ; Optics ; Chemistry ; Semiconductor ; Fiber laser ; Geometry ; Quantum mechanics Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Atmospheric Ozone and Climate ; Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
Authors: Adam Yanis Chaou | Mateo Moreno-Gonzalez | Alexander Altland | Piet W. Brouwer
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-12-02)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Disordered topological crystalline phases The imposition of crystalline symmetries is known to lead to a rich variety of insulating and superconducting topological phases. These include higher-order topological phases and obstructed atomic limits with and without filling anomalies. We here comprehensively classify such topological crystalline phases (TCPs) with mirror, twofold rotation, and inversion symmetries in the presence of disorder that preserves the crystalline symmetry on average. We find that the inclusion of disorder leads to a simplification of the classification in comparison to the clean case. We also find that, while clean TCPs evade a general bulk-boundary principle, disordered TCPs admit a complete bulk-boundary correspondence, according to which (bulk) topological phases are topologically equivalent if and only if they have the same anomalous boundary states and filling anomaly. We corroborate the stability of disordered TCPs by way of field-theoretic, numerical and symmetry-based analyses in various case studies. While the boundary signatures of most disordered TCPs are similar to their clean counterparts, the addition of disorder to certain mirror-symmetric TCPs results in novel higher-order statistical topological phases, in which zero-energy hinge states have critical wavefunction statistics, while remaining protected from Anderson localization. Topology (electrical circuits) ; Materials science ; Mathematics ; Combinatorics Aerogels and thermal insulation ; X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography ; Mineralogy and Gemology Studies
Authors: Da Xu | Qiushi Liu | Boqun Liang | Ning Yu | Xuezhi Ma | Yaodong Xu | Takashi Taniguchi | Roger K. Lake | Ruoxue Yan | Ming Liu
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-10-16)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Exploring Nanoscale Photoresponse Mechanisms for Enhanced Photothermoelectric Effects in van der Waals Interfaces Integrated photodetectors are crucial for their high speed, sensitivity, and efficient power consumption. In these devices, photocurrent generation is primarily attributed to the photovoltaic (PV) effect, driven by electron hole separations, and the photothermoelectric (PTE) effect, which results from temperature gradients via the Seebeck effect. As devices shrink, the overlap of these mechanisms-both dependent on the Fermi level and band structure-complicates their separate evaluation at the nanoscale. This study introduces a novel 3D photocurrent nano-imaging technique specifically designed to distinctly map these mechanisms in a Schottky barrier photodiode featuring a molybdenum disulfide and gold (MoS2 Au) interface. We uncover a significant PTE-dominated region extending several hundred nanometers from the electrode edge, a characteristic facilitated by the weak electrostatic forces typical in 2D materials. Unexpectedly, we find that incorporating hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), known for its high thermal conductivity, markedly enhances the PTE response. This counterintuitive enhancement stems from an optimal overlap between thermal and Seebeck profiles, presenting a new pathway to boost device performance. Our findings highlight the capability of this imaging technique to not only advance optoelectronic applications but also to deepen our understanding of light matter interactions within low-dimensional systems. van der Waals force ; Nanoscopic scale ; Materials science ; Nanotechnology ; Chemical physics ; Chemistry ; Physics ; Quantum mechanics ; Molecule Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices ; Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques
Authors: Eric I. Rosenthal | Souvik Biswas | Giovanni Scuri | Hope Lee | Abigail Stein | Hannah C. Kleidermacher | Jakob Grzesik | Alison E. Rugar | Shahriar Aghaeimeibodi | Daniel Riedel | Michael Titze | Edward S. Bielejec | Joonhee Choi | Christopher P. Anderson | Jelena Vučković
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (article, 2024-03-19)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Single-Shot Readout and Weak Measurement of a Tin-Vacancy Qubit in Diamond The negatively charged tin-vacancy center in diamond (SnV$^-$) is an emerging platform for building the next generation of long-distance quantum networks. This is due to the SnV$^-$'s favorable optical and spin properties including bright emission, insensitivity to electronic noise, and long spin coherence times at temperatures above 1 Kelvin. Here, we demonstrate measurement of a single SnV$^-$ electronic spin with a single-shot readout fidelity of $87.4\%$, which can be further improved to $98.5\%$ by conditioning on multiple readouts. We show this performance is compatible with rapid microwave spin control, demonstrating that the trade-off between optical readout and spin control inherent to group-IV centers in diamond can be overcome for the SnV$^-$. Finally, we use weak quantum measurement to study measurement induced dephasing; this illuminates the fundamental interplay between measurement and decoherence in quantum mechanics, and makes use of the qubit's spin coherence as a metrological tool. Taken together, these results overcome an important hurdle in the development of the SnV$^-$ based quantum technologies, and in the process, develop techniques and understanding broadly applicable to the study of solid-state quantum emitters. Qubit ; Quantum decoherence ; Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy) ; Dephasing ; Quantum sensor ; Diamond ; Spin (aerodynamics) ; Physics ; Quantum technology ; Dynamical decoupling ; Quantum metrology ; Quantum mechanics ; Quantum ; Open quantum system ; Materials science Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies ; Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications
Authors: Ye Wu | Ming Liu | Qi Li | Ming Zhao
Source: Discover Applied Sciences (article, 2024-10-22)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Experimental and numerical study of a novel inbuilt helical ridge small-caliber graft for artery bypass surgery Small-caliber (≤ 6 mm) vascular grafts are commonly used to treat vascular diseases, yet intimal hyperplasia at the distal end-to-side anastomosis remains a significant complication with long-term use. Helical flow has been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications effectively. Integrating helical flow through an inbuilt helical ridge in vascular grafts is intended to improve hemodynamic performance and mitigate issues such as flow-induced thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia. However, inadequate helical flow strength may limit its effectiveness. This study proposes a novel design for an inbuilt helical ridge in small-caliber grafts to achieve enhanced helical flow. Two novel small-caliber vascular grafts with variable-pitch helical ridges, incorporating both decreasing and increasing pitches, were designed. Their effectiveness was assessed through numerical simulations and in vitro experiments to evaluate their performance in arterial graft applications. The small-caliber vascular grafts incorporating variable-pitch helical ridges significantly improved helical flow structure and distribution, optimized wall shear stress distribution, and reduced platelet adhesion compared to conventional and constant-pitch helical ridge grafts. Among the various new designs, the small-caliber vascular graft featuring decreasing variable-pitch helical ridges has demonstrated better performance. This design is well-suited for small-caliber bypass surgeries, as it is effective in improving hemodynamic performance by improving helical flow into asymmetric structures and increasing helical flow density distribution. Caliber ; Ridge ; Medicine ; Surgery ; Artery ; Engineering ; Geology ; Mechanical engineering Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications ; Cardiac and Coronary Surgery Techniques ; Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Binbin Chen | Xu Zhang | Zi Yang Meng
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-05-07)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Emergent Conformal Symmetry at the Multicritical Point of (2+1)D SO(5) Model with Wess-Zumino-Witten Term on Sphere Novel critical phenomena beyond the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson paradigm have been long sought after. Among many candidate scenarios, the deconfined quantum critical point (DQCP) constitutes the most fascinating one, and its lattice model realization has been debated over the past two decades. Following the pioneering works with the fuzzy sphere methods [W. Zhu, et al, Phys. Rev. X 13, 021009], we apply the spherical Landau level regularization to study the effective (2+1)D SO(5) non-linear sigma model with a topological term and the potential DQCP therein. Utilizing the state-of-the-art density matrix renormalization group method with explicit $\text{SU(2)}_\text{spin}\times\text{U(1)}_\text{charge}\times\text{U(1)}_\text{angular-momentum}$ symmetry as well as exact diagonalization simulations, we provide a comprehensive phase diagram for the model with a SO(5) continuous transition line -- extension of the previous identified SO(5) multicritical point [arXiv:2307.05307] -- while tuning interaction length. The state-operator correspondence with the conformal tower structure is used to identify the emergent conformal symmetry with the best scaling dimension of relevant primary fields and they match well with the critical exponents obtained from the crossing point analysis of the correlation ratio. Our results thus further support the rich structure of the phase diagram of the SO(5) model. Multicritical point ; Term (time) ; Conformal map ; Mathematical physics ; Physics ; Symmetry (geometry) ; Point (geometry) ; Conformal symmetry ; Quantum electrodynamics ; Theoretical physics ; Mathematics ; Quantum mechanics ; Geometry ; Phase diagram Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications ; High-pressure geophysics and materials ; Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena