jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Luigi Ruccolo | Aleksandra Evangelista | Marco Benazzo | Bice Conti | Silvia Pisani
Source: International Journal of Molecular Sciences (review, 2025-09-29)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Electrospun Bio-Scaffolds for Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Neural Differentiation: Systematic Review of Advances and Future Directions Neural tissue injuries, including spinal cord damage and neurodegenerative diseases, pose a major clinical challenge due to the central nervous system's limited regenerative capacity. Current treatments focus on stabilization and symptom management rather than functional restoration. Tissue engineering offers new therapeutic perspectives, particularly through the combination of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Electrospun fibers mimic the neural extracellular matrix, providing topographical and mechanical cues that enhance MSC adhesion, viability, and neural differentiation. MSCs are multipotent stem cells with robust paracrine and immunomodulatory activity, capable of supporting regeneration and, under proper stimuli, acquiring neural-like phenotypes. This systematic review, following the PRISMA 2020 method, analyzes 77 selected articles from the last ten years to assess the potential of electrospun biopolymer scaffolds for MSC-mediated neural repair. We critically examine the scaffold's composition (synthetic and natural polymers), fiber architecture (alignment and diameter), structural and mechanical properties (porosity and stiffness), and biofunctionalization strategies. The influence of MSC tissue sources (bone marrow, adipose, and dental pulp) on neural differentiation outcomes is also discussed. The results of a literature search show both in vitro and in vivo enhanced neural marker expression, neurite extension, and functional recovery when MSCs are seeded onto optimized electrospun scaffolds. Therefore, integrating stem cell therapy with advanced biomaterials offers a promising route to bridge the gap between neural injury and functional regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cell ; Neural tissue engineering ; Neural stem cell ; Regenerative medicine ; Regeneration (biology) ; Tissue engineering ; Spinal cord injury ; Stem cell Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications ; Nerve injury and regeneration ; Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Timothy Ismael | Muhammad Abbas | Owen P. Harris | George B. Ingrish | Meghan E. Bush | Joshua M. Sasson | Jeremiah McNatt | Matthew D. Escarra
Source: ACS Applied Energy Materials (article, 2025-01-02)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

High-Specific Power Flexible Photovoltaics from Large-Area MoS<sub>2</sub> for Space Applications Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) such as MoS<sub>2</sub> and WSe<sub>2</sub> are excellent candidates for photovoltaic (PV) applications. Here, we present the modeling, fabrication, and characterization of large-area CVD-grown MoS<sub>2</sub>-based flexible PV on an off-the-shelf, 3 μm-thick flexible colorless polyimide with polyimide encapsulation designed for space structures. The devices are characterized under 1 sun AM0 illumination and show a <i>V</i> <sub>OC</sub> of 0.180 V and a specific power of 0.001 kW/kg for a subnanometer-thick, single MoS<sub>2</sub> monolayer absorber. Model projections indicate that the polyimide encapsulant introduces negligible absorption loss, and up to 12.97 kW/kg specific power is attainable for a 100 nm-thick MoS<sub>2</sub> absorber layer. The devices maintain their performance after repetitive bending down to 5 mm bend radius. An increase in performance is measured after radiation exposure to 1 MeV e<sup>-</sup> fluence, which is partially attributed to defect healing. Techno-economic analysis shows that even with a lower efficiency, the specific power of a 2D PV array designed for a 6U CubeSat is 2 orders of magnitude higher, and the cost to deploy in space is 2 orders of magnitude less than that of a Si panel used in space. This indicates that the 2D TMDC-based PV has great potential for space applications. Polyimide ; Materials science ; Optoelectronics ; Fabrication ; Photovoltaics ; Photovoltaic system ; Fluence ; Monolayer ; Energy conversion efficiency ; Irradiation ; Nanotechnology ; Layer (electronics) ; Electrical engineering 2D Materials and Applications ; Perovskite Materials and Applications ; solar cell performance optimization
Authors: Peng Zhang | Xiao Zhang | Jinjun Guo | Yuanxun Zheng | Zhen Gao
Source: Gels (review, 2025-05-14)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Mechanical Properties of Cement-Based Gel Composites Reinforced by Plant Fiber: A Review Plant fibers (PFs) have been increasingly employed in cement-based gel composites (CCs) on account of their excellent mechanical properties, toughness and sustainability. Researchers have engaged in a lot of studies on plant fiber-reinforced cement-based gel composites (PFRCCs). Based on these studies, the chemical components and mechanical characteristics of PFs are summed up in this review. In addition, the modification methods for matrices and PFs are also discussed. The mechanical properties of PFRCCs, including static and dynamic properties, are reviewed. Predictive equations for the mechanical properties of PFRCCs are summarized in this paper. In the end, the characteristics of the interface transition zones between PFs and CCs are analyzed. According to the results of previous studies, the addition of PFs can enhance the flexural strength and tensile strength of CCs, but it can have an uncertain effect on compressive strength. The elastic modulus and fracture behavior of PFRCCs increases with the addition of PFs. At the same time, modification methods have been proved to be useful in reducing the degradation of PFs in CCs. Generally speaking, PFRCCs are new building materials which have extensive application prospects. The aim of this review is to help researchers understand the mechanical properties of PFRCCs and to promote the application of PFRCCs in future projects. Materials science ; Composite material ; Flexural strength ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Toughness ; Fiber ; Cement ; Elastic modulus ; Compressive strength ; Modulus ; Fracture toughness Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Innovative concrete reinforcement materials ; Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials
Authors: Deepak Chandran | S. Kumar | Deepashri Sanath
Source: Journal of Power and Energy Engineering (review, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Solid State Transformers: A Comprehensive Review of Technology, Topologies, Applications, Research Gaps, and Future Directions Solid-State Transformers (SSTs), or Power Electronic Transformers (PETs), are emerging as transformative components in modern electric grids, capable of intelligent power flow control, AC/DC interfacing, and multi-level voltage regulation. While SSTs promise substantial advantages over conventional Low-Frequency Transformers (LFTs) in terms of compactness, bidirectional power flow, and integration with renewable energy sources and electric vehicles, their adoption necessitates a critical reevaluation of grid protection paradigms and communication infrastructure. Unlike passive LFTs, SSTs contribute minimal fault current due to fast-switching semiconductors, challenging conventional protection schemes based on overcurrent detection. Furthermore, their deployment requires robust, low-latency communication frameworks to coordinate with utility systems, raising pressing concerns regarding protocol standardization and cybersecurity resilience. This review advances the state of SST literature by offering a thematic and evaluative perspective—one that synthesizes converter-level advancements with system-level integration challenges. Specifically, we critique current SST architectures through a multi-criteria lens involving efficiency, cost, protection compatibility, and fault ride-through, supported by comparative matrices and taxonomy frameworks. A novel contribution of this work lies in identifying the disparity between component-level maturity and system-level readiness, especially in fault isolation, thermal resilience, and coordinated control. Rather than a broad technical survey, this paper adopts a focused perspective on SSTs as enablers of hybrid AC/DC smart grids. It emphasizes key innovations—such as advanced modulation for fault limitation, grid-compatible communication protocols, and modular multilevel topologies and maps them against evolving utility requirements. In doing so, we bridge the gap between technical feasibility and operational viability and propose a future research roadmap aligned with practical deployment milestones. The synthesis culminates in a revised classification of SST readiness for distinct grid applications and outlines unresolved technical bottlenecks that warrant targeted investigation. Network topology ; Solid-state ; Transformer ; Electronic engineering ; Engineering ; Electrical engineering ; Computer science ; Engineering physics ; Voltage ; Computer network ZnO doping and properties ; Ga2O3 and related materials ; Semiconductor materials and devices
Authors: Gurudayal Ram Guru | Pramod W. Ramteke | Csilla Veres | Csaba Vágvölgyi
Source: Frontiers in Plant Science (review, 2025-10-07)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Potential impacts of nanoparticles integration on micropropagation efficiency: current achievements and prospects The use of nanoparticles (NPs) in plant tissue culture systems represents a new approach to improve the efficiency of micropropagation. Owing to their nanoscale size, high surface area concomitant with volume, and controllable and targeted release, researchers have tested the experimental benefits of NPs in various ways during each phase of <i>in vitro</i> propagation, which include enhancing surface sterilization to reduce microbial contamination, the targeted uptake of specific macro-and micronutrients, regulating plant hormonal activity to enhance callogenesis, increased shoot multiplication and rooting, and increasing the survival rate during acclimatization. In addition, some situations where NPs are applied can reduce oxidative stress and regulate hormonal pathways, which will stabilize the physiological state of the plant and support better developmental integrity of the regenerating plantlets. In moving forward with the application of nanoparticles, the major limiting factors are nanotoxicity, persistence in the environment, species specificity, and the lack of an established regulatory framework. In this review, the recent published successes in NP-mediated micropropagation are summarized, how they impart their effects in plant science at the cellular and molecular levels are explained, and potential future innovations such as green-synthesized nanomaterials and new smart delivery platforms are also identified. Realizing the full potential of nanotechnologies for application with micropropagation will be critical for developing scalable, sustainable, and precision agricultural production systems. Limiting ; Plant growth ; Micropropagation ; Agriculture Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; Plant tissue culture and regeneration ; Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications
Authors: Gianella Ochoa | Leonardo Armijos | Jorge G. Figueroa | Ximena Jaramillo-Fierro | Natalí Solano-Cueva
Source: Plants (article, 2025-01-25)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Optimization of Two Methods for the Rapid and Effective Extraction of Quinine from Cinchona officinalis This study successfully optimized two advanced extraction methods, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), for the efficient and rapid recovery of quinine from <i>Cinchona officinalis</i>. Among the evaluated parts of the plant, the bark consistently yielded the highest quinine concentration, highlighting its significance as the primary source for alkaloid extraction. The optimized conditions for MAE (65% ethanol, 130 °C, 34 min) achieved a maximum yield of 3.93 ± 0.11 mg/g, while UAE (61% ethanol, 25 °C, 15 min) provided a faster but slightly lower yield of 2.81 ± 0.04 mg/g. These findings confirm the superiority of MAE and UAE over conventional methods like Soxhlet extraction in terms of time efficiency and sustainability. The quantification of quinine using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with advanced detection methods further validated the reliability and reproducibility of the results. While this study focused on optimizing extraction and quantification parameters, it sets the groundwork for future research into the sustainable utilization and potential valorization of <i>C. officinalis</i> byproducts. These findings not only provide a standardized protocol for extracting quinine but also contribute to the broader application of green chemistry principles in pharmaceutical production. Extraction (chemistry) ; Cinchona ; Chromatography ; Quinine ; Chemistry ; Yield (engineering) ; High-performance liquid chromatography ; Organic chemistry ; Materials science ; Medicine ; Malaria Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography ; Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity ; Natural product bioactivities and synthesis
Authors: Hui-Jin An | Simon J. Ward | Rabeb Layouni | Paul E. Laibinis | Andrea K. Locke | Sharon M. Weiss
Source: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (article, 2025-01-15)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Porous Silicon on Paper: A Platform for Quantitative Rapid Diagnostic Tests Porous silicon (PSi) thin films on silicon substrates have been extensively investigated in the context of biosensing applications, particularly for achieving label-free optical detection of a wide range of analytes. However, mass transport challenges have made it difficult for these biosensors to achieve rapid response times and low detection limits. In this work, we introduce an approach for improving the efficiency of molecule transport in PSi by using open-ended PSi membranes atop paper substrates in a flow-through sensor scheme. The paper substrate provides structural support as well as an efficient means of draining solutions from the PSi membrane without the use of an external pump and microfluidic channels. Distinct changes in the reflectance properties of the PSi membrane are measured when molecules are captured in the membrane. A concentration-dependent response of the sensor for protein detection is demonstrated. Factors influencing the interaction time of molecules in the PSi membrane and the drying time of the membrane, which directly affect the detection sensitivity and overall testing time, are discussed. The demonstrated performance of the PSi-on-paper sensor establishes the feasibility of a platform for low-cost rapid diagnostic tests with a highly sensitive, quantitative readout. Materials science ; Silicon ; Porous silicon ; Nanotechnology ; Systems engineering ; Optoelectronics ; Engineering Silicon Nanostructures and Photoluminescence ; Nanowire Synthesis and Applications ; Biosensors and Analytical Detection
Authors: Nina Espinosa de los Monteros‐Silva | Karla Martínez-Palacios | A. Jimènez | Melanie Ochoa-Ocampo | Thomas Garzón | Tamara Carrillo-Vásconez | Matteo Radice | Enith Vanessa Yánez | Julio Rea-Martínez | Zulay Niño | Karel Diéguez‐Santana | Noroska G.S. Mogollón
Source: Molecules (article, 2025-09-25)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Unlocking the Ilex guayusa Potential: Volatile Composition, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Hemolytic Activities, with In Silico Molecular Docking and ADMET Analysis of Hydroethanolic Extracts This work studies the underexplored potential of Ilex guayusa and demonstrates the influence of geographical (locations: A, B, C) and ontogenetic (young: 0; old: 2) factors on its biochemical profile. The total phenolic content (TPC) was consistently higher than the total flavonoid content (TFC) in all samples, with the highest values for site B: B2 for TPC (77.91 μg GAE/mg extract) and B0 for TFC (6.77 μg QE/mg extract). GC-MS identified 29 metabolites, and clustering analysis grouped samples B and C as rich in phenols and flavonoids, while site A was richer in alcohols, aldehydes, and hydrocarbons. Antioxidant potential was demonstrated, with B2 being the most active in ABTS (TEAC value of 0.3885 (mg/g dw)), whereas A2 and C2 showed the strongest activity in DPPH (0.0968 and 0.1850 (mg/g dw), respectively). No sample exhibited hemolysis and α-amylase inhibition; however, α-glucosidase inhibition was observed with the best activity for B0 (IC<sub>50</sub> = 68.05 µg/mL). Molecular docking, ADME, and correlation analyses indicated that B0 had the highest TFC, DPPH, and α-glucosidase inhibition values, while B2 showed the highest TPC and ABTS activity. Overall, the promising antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity combined with low toxicity highlights and expands the therapeutic and applicative potential of the species. ABTS ; DPPH ; In silico ; Hemolysis ; Flavonoid ; Phenols ; Antioxidant Heavy Metals in Plants ; Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis ; Morinda citrifolia extract uses
Authors: Antónia Kurillová | Libor Kvı́tek | Aleš Panáček
Source: Pharmaceutics (review, 2025-06-16)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Innovative Approaches in Cancer Treatment: Emphasizing the Role of Nanomaterials in Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition Medical research is at the forefront of addressing pressing global challenges, including preventing and treating cardiovascular, autoimmune, and oncological diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and the growing resistance of pathogens to antibiotics. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases, using advanced medical approaches and cutting-edge technologies, structure-based drug design, and personalized medicine, is critical for developing effective therapies, specifically anticancer treatments. <b>Background/Objectives</b>: One of the key drivers of cancer at the cellular level is the abnormal activity of protein enzymes, specifically serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues, through a process known as phosphorylation. While tyrosine kinase-mediated phosphorylation constitutes a minor fraction of total cellular phosphorylation, its dysregulation is critically linked to carcinogenesis and tumor progression. <b>Methods</b>: Small-molecule inhibitors, such as imatinib or erlotinib, are designed to halt this process, restoring cellular equilibrium and offering targeted therapeutic approaches. However, challenges persist, including frequent drug resistance and severe side effects associated with these therapies. Nanomedicine offers a transformative potential to overcome these limitations. <b>Results</b>: By leveraging the unique properties of nanomaterials, it is possible to achieve precise drug delivery, enhance accumulation at target sites, and improve therapeutic efficacy. Examples include nanoparticle-based delivery systems for TKIs and the combination of nanomaterials with photothermal or photodynamic therapies to enhance treatment effectiveness. Combining nanomedicine with traditional treatments holds promise and perspective for synergistic and more effective cancer management. <b>Conclusions</b>: This review delves into recent advances in understanding tyrosine kinase activity, the mechanisms of their inhibition, and the innovative integration of nanomedicine to revolutionize cancer treatment strategies. Nanomedicine ; Medicine ; Cancer ; Kinome ; Drug delivery ; Tyrosine kinase ; Pharmacology ; Cancer research ; Kinase ; Nanotechnology ; Chemistry ; Materials science ; Internal medicine Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation ; Cancer Research and Treatments
Authors: Sanaz Hadidchi | Mohammad Hossein Tavakoli
Source: Heat Transfer (article, 2025-02-20)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Optimization of Argon Gas Flow Rate for High‐Quality Germanium Crystal Growth in Czochralski Method ABSTRACT The quality of germanium crystals grown using the Czochralski method critically depends on growth conditions, particularly the flow rate of inert gases. Despite its importance, the impact of argon gas flow rate on the thermal field, melt convection, and resultant crystal quality has not been comprehensively studied. To bridge this gap, we employed computational fluid dynamics and finite element method analysis to investigate argon flow rates ranging from 1 to 30 L/min. Our results reveal that increasing the argon flow rate improves not only crystal cooling but also heightens thermal stress by approximately 15% and dislocation density by 25%, with significant freezing at the melt–crucible interface for higher rates. These findings suggest that gas flow rate optimization is key to minimizing defects and enhancing crystal quality. This study provides novel insights into the thermal and flow dynamics within a Czochralski germanium growth setup, offering practical guidance for semiconductor manufacturing. Germanium ; Argon ; Materials science ; Crystal (programming language) ; Argon gas ; Volumetric flow rate ; Quality (philosophy) ; Flow (mathematics) ; Crystal growth ; Growth rate ; Optoelectronics ; Crystallography ; Chemistry ; Computer science ; Mathematics ; Mechanics ; Geometry ; Physics Solidification and crystal growth phenomena ; Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics ; Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Authors: Tsai‐Chun Chung | Caiwu Liang | Min‐Wei Huang | Tianle Chen | Joshua M. Little | Snehi Shrestha | Yi‐Chen Ethan Li | I‐Chi Lee | Po‐Yen Chen
Source: Advanced Functional Materials (article, 2025-06-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Machine Learning Guided Design of Nerve‐On‐A‐Chip Platforms with Promoted Neurite Outgrowth Abstract Nerve‐on‐a‐chip platforms transform neurological research by providing customized microenvironments, thereby reducing reliance on animal testing. However, optimizing these biochips remains challenging due to complex interdependencies among critical fabrication parameters. Here, a machine learning (ML)–guided workflow is developed combining cell viability assays, data augmentation, ensemble modeling, and model interpretation to predict the viability of isolated cortical rat neural stem/progenitor cells (rat NSPCs) and extract data‐driven insights. Initially, rat NSPCs are cultured on 102 distinct hydrogels fabricated with varying parameters, and their attachment conditions and cell viability are evaluated. To mitigate overfitting issue, 10–20 times more virtual data points are generated from characterized NSPC attachment and viability data. A support vector machine classifier is trained on attachment data to define a feasible parameter space where NSPCs consistently adhere to biointerfaces. Subsequently, a prediction model is constructed to predict rat NSPC viability. Model interpretation reveals that biointerface stiffness is the primary factor for rat NSPC attachment and viability, with peptide loading also contributing. Leveraging these insights, the stiffness of a nerve‐on‐a‐chip platform is optimized by adjusting the bilayer number of a polyelectrolyte multilayer, successfully enhancing neurite outgrowth. This versatile ML workflow can be extended to other bioengineering systems. Neurite ; Materials science ; Chip ; Nerve growth factor ; Nanotechnology ; Biomedical engineering ; Neuroscience ; Computer science ; Biology ; Engineering ; Medicine ; Internal medicine ; Telecommunications Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Advanced Memory and Neural Computing ; Neuroscience and Neural Engineering