jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Christoph Heintze | Iaroslav Babenko | Jiřina Žáčková Suchanová | Alastair Skeffington | Benjamin M. Friedrich | Nils Kröger
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (article, 2022-12-02)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

The molecular basis for pore pattern morphogenesis in diatom silica Biomineral-forming organisms produce inorganic materials with complex, genetically encoded morphologies that are unmatched by current synthetic chemistry. It is poorly understood which genes are involved in biomineral morphogenesis and how the encoded proteins guide this process. We addressed these questions using diatoms, which are paradigms for the self-assembly of hierarchically meso- and macroporous silica under mild reaction conditions. Proteomics analysis of the intracellular organelle for silica biosynthesis led to the identification of new biomineralization proteins. Three of these, coined dAnk1-3, contain a common protein-protein interaction domain (ankyrin repeats), indicating a role in coordinating assembly of the silica biomineralization machinery. Knocking out individual <i>dank</i> genes led to aberrations in silica biogenesis that are consistent with liquid-liquid phase separation as underlying mechanism for pore pattern morphogenesis. Our work provides an unprecedented path for the synthesis of tailored mesoporous silica materials using synthetic biology. Biomineralization ; Biogenesis ; Morphogenesis ; Ankyrin repeat ; Mesoporous silica ; Chemistry ; Organelle ; Nanotechnology ; Materials science ; Biophysics ; Mesoporous material ; Biology ; Gene ; Biochemistry ; Catalysis Diatoms and Algae Research ; Protist diversity and phylogeny ; Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Authors: Kamran Kheiralipour | Mohammad Nadimi | Jitendra Paliwal
Source: Sensors (article, 2022-09-21)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Development of an Intelligent Imaging System for Ripeness Determination of Wild Pistachios Rapid, non-destructive, and smart assessment of the maturity levels of fruit facilitates their harvesting and handling operations throughout the supply chain. Recent studies have introduced machine vision systems as a promising candidate for non-destructive evaluations of the ripeness levels of various agricultural and forest products. However, the reported models have been fruit-specific and cannot be applied to other fruit. In this regard, the current study aims to evaluate the feasibility of estimating the ripeness levels of wild pistachio fruit using image processing and artificial intelligence techniques. Images of wild pistachios at four ripeness levels were recorded using a digital camera, and 285 color and texture features were extracted from 160 samples. Using the quadratic sequential feature selection method, 16 efficient features were identified and used to estimate the maturity levels of samples. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), and an artificial neural network (ANN) were employed to classify samples into four ripeness levels, including initial unripe, secondary unripe, ripe, and overripe. The developed machine vision system achieved a correct classification rate (CCR) of 93.75, 97.5, and 100%, respectively. The high accuracy of the developed models confirms the capability of the low-cost visible imaging system in assessing the ripeness of wild pistachios in a non-destructive, automated, and rapid manner. Ripeness ; Linear discriminant analysis ; Artificial intelligence ; Machine vision ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Computer science ; Artificial neural network ; Image processing ; Computer vision ; Mathematics ; Food science ; Image (mathematics) ; Ripening ; Biology Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Smart Agriculture and AI ; Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life Management
Authors: Reem Azam | Dema A. Almasri | Radwan Alfahel | Alaa H. Hawari | Mohammad K. Hassan | Ahmed A. Elzatahry | Khaled A. Mahmoud
Source: Membranes (article, 2022-04-06)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

MXene (Ti3C2Tx)/Cellulose Acetate Mixed-Matrix Membrane Enhances Fouling Resistance and Rejection in the Crossflow Filtration Process Obstacles in the membrane-based separation field are mainly related to membrane fouling. This study involved the synthesis and utilization of covalently crosslinked MXene/cellulose acetate mixed matrix membranes with MXene at different concentrations (CCAM-0% to CCAM-12%) for water purification applications. The membranes' water flux, dye, and protein rejection performances were compared using dead-end (DE) and crossflow (CF) filtration. The fabricated membranes, especially CCAM-10%, exhibited high hydrophilicity, good surface roughness, significantly high water flux, high water uptake, and high porosity. A significantly higher flux was observed in CF filtration relative to DE filtration. Moreover, in CF filtration, the CCAM-10% membrane exhibited 96.60% and 99.49% rejection of methyl green (MG) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), respectively, while maintaining a flux recovery ratio of 67.30% and an irreversible fouling ratio at (<i>R<sub>ir</sub></i>) of 32.70, indicating good antifouling performance. Hence, this study suggests that covalent modification of cellulose acetate membranes with MXene significantly improves the performance and fouling resistance of membranes for water filtration in CF mode relative to DE mode. Membrane ; Filtration (mathematics) ; Fouling ; Cellulose acetate ; Cellulose ; Cross-flow filtration ; Chemical engineering ; Membrane fouling ; Chromatography ; Chemistry ; Biofouling ; Microfiltration ; Regenerated cellulose ; Materials science ; Biochemistry MXene and MAX Phase Materials ; Membrane Separation Technologies ; Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications
Authors: Jamila Gagour | Samira Oubannin | Hasna Ait Bouzid | Laila Bijla | Hamza El Moudden | El Hassan Sakar | Jamal Koubachi | Abdellatif Laknifli | Saïd Gharby
Source: OCL (article, 2022-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Physicochemical characterization, kinetic parameters, shelf life and its prediction models of virgin olive oil from two cultivars (“Arbequina” and “Moroccan Picholine”) grown in Morocco This works aimed at investigating shelf-life behavior of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) extracted from two cultivars “Arbequina” and “Moroccan Picholine” as a function of storage time (8 weeks) at accelerated conditions (60 °C). Our outcomes revealed significant variations between EVOOs from both cultivars in terms of the investigated physicochemical characteristics. These were also affected by storage time and temperature except for fatty acids, for which storage time had no significant effects. While the changes in tocopherols showed a drastic reduction ranging from 48.18 (“Moroccan Picholine”) to 62.62% (“Arbequina”). Indeed, the changes of quality indices showed a linear increase. Moreover, “Arbequina” oil was the first to exceed the established upper limits for EVOO label. An increase in oxidation rate was observed with increasing temperature when oils were oxidized at six elevated temperatures (373, 383, 393, 403, 413 and 423 °K) under Rancimat test conditions. The natural logarithms of the kinetic rate constant varied linearly with respect to temperature, with temperature coefficient ( T Coeff ) ranging from 7.31 × 10 −2 in “Arbequina” to 7.51 × 10 −2 K −1 found in “Moroccan Picholine”. This had higher oxidative stability and shelf life as compared to “Arbequina”. These outcomes were confirmed by kinetic parameters of oxidative stability including reaction rate constant as well as Arrhenius equation and thermodynamic parameters. Cultivar ; Shelf life ; Olive oil ; Chemistry ; Arrhenius equation ; Horticulture ; Reaction rate constant ; Kinetic energy ; Botany ; Food science ; Activation energy ; Kinetics ; Physics ; Physical chemistry ; Biology Edible Oils Quality and Analysis ; Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress ; Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Jie Sun | Yiming Li | Yang-Jun Ou | Qianwei Huang | Xiaozhou Liao | Zibin Chen | Xiaojie Chai | Xiao Zhuang | Wendi Zhang | Chao Wang | Jun Jiang | Anquan Jiang
Source: Advanced Functional Materials (article, 2022-09-30)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

In‐Memory Computing of Multilevel Ferroelectric Domain Wall Diodes at LiNbO<sub>3</sub> Interfaces Abstract Direct data processing in nonvolatile memories can enable area‐ and energy‐efficient computation, unlike independent performance between separate processing and memory units; repetitive data transfer between these units represents a fundamental performance limitation in modern computers. Spatially mobile conducting domain walls in ferroelectrics can be redirected between drain, gate, and source electrodes to function as nonvolatile transistors with superior energy efficiency, ultrafast operating and communication speeds, and high logic/storage densities. Here, in‐memory computing is demonstrated using multilevel domain wall diodes at LiNbO 3 interfaces. Ultrathin domains within interfacial layers between each mesa‐like memory cell and the contact electrodes can rectify diode‐like domain wall currents with on/off current ratios exceeding 10 7 at low operating voltages, surpassing the performance of traditional p‐n junctions using built‐in potentials across depletion layers. NOT, NAND, and NOR gate logic functions are demonstrated, providing insights into high‐density integration of multilevel storage and computational units in all‐ferroelectric domain wall devices. Materials science ; NAND gate ; Optoelectronics ; Diode ; Non-volatile memory ; Transistor ; Domain (mathematical analysis) ; Voltage ; Logic gate ; Computer science ; Electrical engineering Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials ; Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics ; Multiferroics and related materials
Authors: Lihua Zhao | Qingning Yuan | Antao Dai | Xinheng He | Chuan-Wei Chen | Chao Zhang | Youwei Xu | Yan Zhou | Ming‐Wei Wang | Dehua Yang | H. Eric Xu
Source: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica (article, 2022-12-08)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Molecular recognition of two endogenous hormones by the human parathyroid hormone receptor-1 Teriparatide ; Parathyroid hormone ; Parathyroid hormone receptor ; Receptor ; Hormone ; Endogeny ; Internal medicine ; Chemistry ; Endocrinology ; G protein-coupled receptor ; Hormone receptor ; Medicine ; Calcium Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Ion channel regulation and function ; Bone health and treatments
Authors: Joseph Paul | Timothy D. Veenstra
Source: Separations (article, 2022-04-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Separation of Serum and Plasma Proteins for In-Depth Proteomic Analysis There are probably no biological samples that did more to spur interest in proteomics than serum and plasma. The belief was that comparing the proteomes of these samples obtained from healthy and disease-affected individuals would lead to biomarkers that could be used to diagnose conditions such as cancer. While the continuing development of mass spectrometers with greater sensitivity and resolution has been invaluable, the invention of strategic strategies to separate circulatory proteins has been just as critical. Novel and creative separation techniques were required because serum and plasma probably have the greatest dynamic range of protein concentration of any biological sample. The concentrations of circulating proteins can range over twelve orders of magnitude, making it a challenge to identify low-abundance proteins where the bulk of the useful biomarkers are believed to exist. The major goals of this article are to (i) provide an historical perspective on the rapid development of serum and plasma proteomics; (ii) describe various separation techniques that have made obtaining an in-depth view of the proteome of these biological samples possible; and (iii) describe applications where serum and plasma proteomics have been employed to discover potential biomarkers for pathological conditions. Proteome ; Proteomics ; Blood proteins ; Biological fluids ; Computational biology ; Mass spectrometry ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Bioinformatics ; Chromatography ; Biochemistry Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Biosensors and Analytical Detection
Authors: Jean Pierre Uwiringiyimana | Umar Khayam | Suwarno Suwarno | Gian Carlo Montanari
Source: IEEE Access (article, 2022-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Comparative Analysis of Partial Discharge Detection Features Using a UHF Antenna and Conventional HFCT Sensor This article presents a design of ultra-high frequency (UHF), ultra-wide band (UWB) antenna used for partial discharge (PD) detection on high voltage and medium voltage power system equipment. The proposed UHF antenna has a working frequency band of 1.2GHz-4.5GHz, covering a total bandwidth of 3.3GHz with a return loss less than -10dB in the entire antenna’s operating frequency. The computer simulation technology (CST) Microwave Studio software was used to design, simulate and optimize the proposed antenna. Upon simulation and optimization process, the antenna prototype was fabricated on the FR-4 substrate of 1.6 mm thickness and dielectric permittivity of 4.4. This antenna has a compact size of 100mm x100mm.The radiating patch and the ground plane of this antenna are made of annealed copper whose thickness is 0.035mm. The simulations and measurement results for the proposed antenna are in a good agreement, and the return loss of this antenna is less than -10dB with voltage standing wave ratio, VSWR, < 2 within the frequency range of interest. The proposed antenna performance in PD sensing is compared with a commercial high-frequency current transformer, HFCT. To validate the sensitivity performance of the designed antenna, experimental PD measurements were carried out by using an epoxy slab inserted between two parallel plates electrode model, in order to generate surface discharge on the insulator, and using a needle-plate electrode configuration to generate corona discharge in transformer oil. Based on PD measurement results, it was shown that the designed antenna has a high sensitivity, which make it a suitable candidate for UHF partial discharge monitoring on high voltage and medium voltage power assets. Materials science ; Antenna factor ; Coaxial antenna ; Antenna measurement ; Monopole antenna ; Partial discharge ; Acoustics ; Microstrip antenna ; Patch antenna ; Loop antenna ; Electrical engineering ; Optics ; Antenna (radio) ; Physics ; Voltage ; Engineering High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Aerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation ; Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics
Authors: Zhu Liu | Yongpeng Lei | Xiangyang Zhang | Zhenhang Kang | Jifeng Zhang
Source: Polymers (article, 2022-02-24)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Effect Mechanism and Simulation of Voids on Hygrothermal Performances of Composites Voids are comment defects generated during the manufacturing process and highly sensitive to moisture in the hygrothermal environment, which has deleterious effects on the mechanical performances. However, the combined impact of void content and water-absorbed content on mechanical properties is not clear. Based on the random sequential adsorption algorithm, a microscale unit cell with random distribution of fibers, interfaces and voids was established. The quantitative effects of voids content on strength and modulus under the loading of transverse tension, compression and shear were investigated by introducing a degradation factor dependent on water content into the constitutive model, and the different failure mechanisms before and after hygrothermal aging were revealed. Conclusively, before hygrothermal aging, voids induce the decrease in mechanical properties due to stress concentration, and every 1% increase in the void content results in a 6.4% decrease in transverse tensile strength. However, matrix degradation due to the absorbed water content after hygrothermal aging is the dominant factor, and the corresponding rate is 3.86%. Materials science ; Composite material ; Void (composites) ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Water content ; Microscale chemistry ; Modulus ; Shrinkage ; Compression (physics) ; Geotechnical engineering Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Mechanical Behavior of Composites ; Textile materials and evaluations
Authors: Hayoung Lee | Seung Il Kim
Source: International Journal of Molecular Sciences (review, 2022-02-16)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Review of Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Analyses of Body Fluids to Diagnose Infectious Diseases Rapid and precise diagnostic methods are required to control emerging infectious diseases effectively. Human body fluids are attractive clinical samples for discovering diagnostic targets because they reflect the clinical statuses of patients and most of them can be obtained with minimally invasive sampling processes. Body fluids are good reservoirs for infectious parasites, bacteria, and viruses. Therefore, recent clinical proteomics methods have focused on body fluids when aiming to discover human- or pathogen-originated diagnostic markers. Cutting-edge liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based proteomics has been applied in this regard; it is considered one of the most sensitive and specific proteomics approaches. Here, the clinical characteristics of each body fluid, recent tandem mass spectroscopy (MS/MS) data-acquisition methods, and applications of body fluids for proteomics regarding infectious diseases (including the coronavirus disease of 2019 [COVID-19]), are summarized and discussed. Proteomics ; Biological fluids ; Mass spectrometry ; Body fluid ; Infectious disease (medical specialty) ; Chromatography ; Computational biology ; Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry ; Chemistry ; Medicine ; Biology ; Disease ; Pathology ; Biochemistry Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Biosensors and Analytical Detection ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Authors: Amalia Lara Bursztyn Fuentes | D. Benito | María Luciana Montes | Alberto N. Scian | Mariangela Lombardi
Source: Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering (article, 2022-10-03)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Paracetamol and Ibuprofen Removal from Aqueous Phase Using a Ceramic-Derived Activated Carbon Sorption ; Activated carbon ; Sorbent ; Adsorption ; Specific surface area ; Chemistry ; Aqueous solution ; BET theory ; Chemical engineering ; Volume (thermodynamics) ; Carbon fibers ; Ceramic ; Diffusion ; Materials science ; Nuclear chemistry ; Chromatography ; Composite number ; Organic chemistry ; Composite material ; Catalysis ; Thermodynamics Analytical chemistry methods development ; Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal ; Covalent Organic Framework Applications
Authors: Andreas Drexler | Besim Helic | Zahra Silvayeh | Klemens Mraczek | Christof Sommitsch | Josef Domitner
Source: Journal of Materials Science (article, 2022-01-29)
Field: Materials Science — Metals and Alloys

The role of hydrogen diffusion, trapping and desorption in dual phase steels Abstract Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of advanced high-strength steels is a crucial problem in the automotive industry, which may cause time-delayed failure of car body components. Practical approaches for evaluating the HE risk are often partially and contradictive in nature, because of hydrogen desorption during testing and inhomogenous hydrogen distributions in, e.g., notched samples. Therefore, the present work aims to provide fully parametrized and validated bulk diffusion models for three dual phase steels to simulate long-range chemical diffusion, trapping and hydrogen desorption from the surface. With one constant set of parameters, the models are able to predict the temperature dependency of measured Choo-Lee plots as well as the concentration dependency of measured effective diffusion coefficients. Finally, the parametrized and validated bulk diffusion models are applied for studying the role of the current density on the permeation time and the role of coatings as effective diffusion barriers. Graphical abstract Materials science ; Diffusion ; Desorption ; Hydrogen ; Trapping ; Embrittlement ; Hydrogen embrittlement ; Thermodynamics ; Phase (matter) ; Fick's laws of diffusion ; Work (physics) ; Permeation ; Chemical physics ; Metallurgy ; Corrosion ; Physical chemistry ; Chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Physics ; Adsorption Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals ; Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition ; High Temperature Alloys and Creep
Authors: Noor Nairat | Othman Hamed | Авни Бериша | Shehdeh Jodeh | Manuel Algarra | Khalil Azzaoui | Omar Dagdag | Subhi Samhan
Source: BMC Chemistry (article, 2022-06-10)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Cellulose polymers with β-amino ester pendant group: design, synthesis, molecular docking and application in adsorption of toxic metals from wastewater The waste material of the olive industry was used as a precursor for making the target cellulose polymers with β-Amino Ester Pendant Group. The polymer was characterized by SEM, proton NMR, TGA, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The efficacy of adsorption was quantitative for metal ions present in a real sample of wastewater and the efficiency didn't drop even after 7 cycles of use. The results indicate the existence of strong complexation. The thermodynamic study results showed a spontaneous bonding between of Pb(II) and the polymers pendant groups expressed by the negative value of the Gibbs free energy. Adsorption ; Cellulose ; Polymer ; Chemistry ; Metal ions in aqueous solution ; Langmuir adsorption model ; Ion exchange ; Nuclear chemistry ; Metal ; Inorganic chemistry ; Polymer chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Ion Advanced Cellulose Research Studies ; Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal ; Extraction and Separation Processes
Authors: Lifeng Cai | Jie-Ming Zhan | Jie Liang | Lei Yang | Jie Yin
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2022-02-24)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Structural control of a novel hierarchical porous carbon material and its adsorption properties Novel hierarchical porous carbon materials (HPCs) were fabricated via a reactive template-induced in situ hypercrosslinking procedure. The effects of carbonization conditions on the microstructure and morphology of HPCs were investigated, and the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on HPCs was explored. The as-prepared HPCs has a hierarchical micro-, meso- and macropore structure, which results from the overlap of hollow nanospheres possessing microporous shells and macroporous cavities. The carbonization temperature, carbonization time and carbonization heating rate played important roles in tailoring the nanostructures of HPCs. The BET specific surface area and micropore specific surface area can reach 2388 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> and 1892 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Benefitting from the well-developed pore structure, the MB removal efficiency can exceed 99% under optimized conditions. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics can be well described by a pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir model, respectively. Furthermore, such adsorption was characterized by a spontaneous endothermic process. Carbonization ; Microporous material ; Adsorption ; Chemical engineering ; Endothermic process ; Materials science ; Specific surface area ; Porosity ; Carbon fibers ; Methylene blue ; Morphology (biology) ; Langmuir adsorption model ; Microstructure ; Nanotechnology ; Chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Composite material ; Catalysis Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication ; Covalent Organic Framework Applications ; Graphene research and applications