jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Danko Ćorić | Kristijan Jurgec | Ivica Garašić | Maja Remenar
Source: Processes (article, 2026-03-27)
Field: Materials Science — Metals and Alloys

Effect of Automated Multi-Pass MAG Welding Parameters on the Fracture Toughness and Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of API 5L X70 Pipeline Steel Welded joints in API 5L X70 pipeline steel represent critical locations for pipelines intended for hydrogen service because welding can create microstructural inhomogeneity, stress concentrations, and uneven mechanical properties that can promote hydrogen-assisted degradation. In hydrogen-containing environments, these effects may manifest as reduced ductility, loss of fracture resistance, and increased cracking susceptibility, particularly in the weld metal and heat-affected zone. Therefore, welding procedures for X70 intended for hydrogen applications must be evaluated using systematic mechanical testing and microstructural characterization under defined hydrogen exposure conditions. The study investigates the detrimental effects of hydrogen on the mechanical integrity of pipeline materials, focusing on welded joints of the API 5L X70 steel, a candidate material for use in hydrogen-containing environments. The weldability and structural performance of the X70 pipeline steel joints in hydrogen environments, produced using automated multi-pass metal active gas (MAG) welding, was experimentally studied. Welding was performed on a DN800 pipe with precise control over welding parameters. Comprehensive analyses were conducted on the welded joints, including microstructure examinations, hardness measurements, slow strain rate testing in high-pressure gaseous H2 with a N2 baseline and fracture toughness testing. In high-pressure hydrogen SSRT showed a moderate reduction in ductility relative to nitrogen, with reduction of area decreasing from 81.2% (N2) to 69.1 and 71.5% (H2), while time-to-failure remained comparable (475 min in N2 vs. 497 and 496 min in H2) Ultimate tensile strength was not reduced (579 MPa in N2 vs. 609 and 597 MPa in H2). Secondary surface cracks were observed only on specimens tested in hydrogen. Fracture mechanics testing after hydrogen exposure yielded KIH values of 58–59 MPa√m in the weld metal and 57–61 MPa√m in the HAZ, exceeding the 55 MPa√m acceptance threshold applied in this study. The results highlight the necessity of optimized welding techniques and targeted material analyses to ensure the safety and durability of pipelines in hydrogen-rich environments, thereby contributing to the development of reliable infrastructure for sustainable energy systems. Welding ; Weldability ; Hydrogen embrittlement ; Fracture toughness ; Ductility (Earth science) ; Fracture (geology) ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Microstructure ; Hydrogen Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals ; Material Properties and Failure Mechanisms ; Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis
Authors: T S Pradeep | R Samundeswari | S. Ramchander | P J Lydia | P R Susan | S R Angeline
Source: Plant Science Today (article, 2026-02-26)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Nano-chelates and their role in boosting the productivity of cereals and vegetable crops Nano-chelates are considered as a potential application that can increase cereals and vegetable production. The nano-chelates applied via foliar and soil methods, including iron, zinc and potassium. Overall, which determined that the application of nano-chelate fertilisers contributed to significant increases in plant growth parameters (e.g., plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll, yield) when applied to the cereals like wheat, rice as well as the vegetables like lettuce, cucumber and pepper. Nano-chelates helps in increase the nutrient uptake effectiveness and also it helps in improved concentrations of necessary micronutrients in the tissues of the studied plants were associated with improved physiological functions including rates of photosynthesis and increased activities of antioxidant enzymes. In cereals, nano-chelates contributed to higher grain yield and protein content that contributes to resistance against abiotic stresses including drought and heavy metals. In vegetables, the use of nano-chelated fertilisers benefitted vegetative growth biomass and accumulation of nutrients required by the plants, but they also assisted with increased plant defences against both biotic and abiotic stresses that can negatively affect plant health and productivity. Their nanoscale size ensures targeted delivery and rapid assimilation within chloroplasts, improving photosynthetic performance. Such mechanisms explain the observed rise in chlorophyll levels and overall metabolic efficiency in crops. Additionally, nano-chelates aid in food safety and health by helping to reduce the accumulation of toxic elements such as arsenic and cadmium in plant edible tissues. These collective findings support the notion that nano-chelates could be sustainable methods to increase crop yield and nutritional quality. Photosynthesis ; Abiotic component ; Nutrient ; Micronutrient ; Photosynthetic efficiency ; Biomass (ecology) ; Chlorophyll ; Productivity ; Crop yield ; Cadmium Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects ; Plant Growth Enhancement Techniques
Authors: Menglei Cheng | Lan Jiang | Ziyi Zhang | Liuzhu Ji | Zhiqiang Xiong | Guangqiang Wang | Lianzhong Ai | X. H. Liu
Source: International Journal of Molecular Sciences (article, 2026-03-11)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Strategies for Optimizing the Yield and Function of Recombinant Collagen in Different Expression Systems: A Review Collagen is the most abundant structural and functional protein in humans and other vertebrates. It possesses remarkable biological functions and is widely used in food, cosmetics, and healthcare. Currently, mainstream animal-derived collagen materials carry risks such as viral transmission and allergic reactions. However, recombinant collagen, heterologously expressed using genetic recombination technology combined with high-density fermentation processes, offers greater biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and consistent quality, offering promising development prospects. However, current research on recombinant collagen still faces challenges such as low yield and poor functionality. This article briefly describes the structure, types, and functions of collagen, discusses the advantages and limitations of different recombinant collagen expression systems, and highlights the strategies for improving the yield and optimizing the function of recombinant collagen, ranging from gene editing to fermentation optimization. In highlighting practical approaches to achieving high yield, we present a series of case examples to illustrate the successful application of these principles. This review aims to help researchers, engineers, and industry practitioners better understand research trends in the expression and production of recombinant collagen, and to promote its further development and commercialization across diverse application areas. Recombinant DNA ; Yield (engineering) ; Function (biology) ; Commercialization ; Fermentation ; Expression (computer science) Collagen: Extraction and Characterization ; Probiotics and Fermented Foods ; Biopolymer Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Alageri Lingappa | Kuncham Narasimhulu | S M Hanagodimath | J Thipperudrappa
Source: International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) (article, 2026-01-15)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Photophysical Properties of Coumarin 4-(4-Methoxy-Phenoxymethyl)-6-phenyl-chromen-2-one (C23H18O4) and Estimation of Ground-State and Excited- State Dipole Moments by Solvatochromic Approaches The absorption and emission fluorescent properties of coumarin-4-(4-Methoxy-Phenoxymethyl)-6-phenyl-chromen-2-one-(C23H18O4) (4MPPC) at room temperature are investigated in pure polar and nonpolar solvents. The pure solvents influence on spectral characteristics. This is investigated by applying theories such as the Lippert-Mataga polarity function, Reichardt's microscopic solvent polarity parameter, and Kamlet and Catalan's multiple linear regression techniques. The main role of solute and solvents interactions in pure solvents, particularly dielectric interaction and hydrogen bonding. The computed HOMO and LUMO energies of these compounds indicate that they are chemically active with a tendency for molecular interactions and is supported by the electrostatic potential data. The hydrogen bonding interactions dominate the contribution of dielectric interactions. The electric dipole moments of both the ground state and excited states had been estimated using Solvatochromic method. The value of electric dipole moment of the excited state. We concluded that polar and polar solvents change fluorescent properties of coumarin. Solvatochromism ; Excited state ; Dipole ; Polar ; Polarity (international relations) ; Bond dipole moment ; Fluorescence ; Chemical polarity Photochemistry and Electron Transfer Studies ; Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry ; Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
Authors: Denis Czeskleba | Michael Rhode | Karsten Wandtke | Muhammad Dary Irfan | Thomas Kannengiesser
Source: Welding in the World (article, 2026-02-24)
Field: Materials Science — Metals and Alloys

Hydrogen diffusion in thick-walled S690 SAW joints: part 2 – predictive modeling of heat input and microstructure influence Abstract High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels such as S690 are widely employed in thick-walled welded structures, where hydrogen-assisted cold cracking (HACC) remains a persistent concern. While microstructure-specific hydrogen diffusion coefficients (D H ) for weld metal (WM), heat-affected zone (HAZ), and base material (BM) were experimentally established in Part 1 of this study, their quantitative influence on hydrogen accumulation and effusion has not yet been fully clarified. This work presents a transient, spatially resolved numerical model for simulating hydrogen transport in multi-pass submerged arc welds. The model integrates experimentally determined D H values with realistic thermal cycles and temperature-dependent boundary conditions. Developed in Python, the simulation tool is purpose-built for hydrogen diffusion in welded joints. It offers a focused, transparent alternative. It offers a focused, transparent alternative to general-purpose finite element platforms. Parametric analyses demonstrate that, although the diffusion coefficients vary by up to 50%, their impact on overall hydrogen retention is minor. In contrast, plate thickness, bead geometry, cooling time (t₈/₅), and interpass temperature exert a dominant influence on hydrogen distribution. Despite clear microstructural differences between the thermomechanically rolled (S690MC) and quenched and tempered (S690Q) variants, including opposite HAZ hardness responses (softening in S690MC, hardening in S690Q) in the (pen)ultimate weld bead, the simulations confirm that their diffusion behavior and hydrogen solubility are closely aligned. Consequently, differences in D H and solubility exert only a minor influence on hydrogen retention compared to thermal exposure and joint geometry. These findings support the interchangeable use of both steel grades in terms of HACC risk due to hydrogen diffusion kinetics under comparable welding conditions. Hydrogen ; Microstructure ; Diffusion ; Welding ; Work (physics) ; Solubility ; Thermal ; Hardening (computing) ; Solid mechanics Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals ; Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses ; High Temperature Alloys and Creep
Authors: J. Wei | Xiulin Wu | Jia Wu | Tianlun Zhang | Jinzhong Zhao | Jiangyu Cai
Source: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology (article, 2026-01-12)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Black phosphorus-doped silk fibroin coating improves osteogenesis for ameliorative graft-bone healing of polyethylene terephthalate artificial ligaments This study aimed to investigate the effect of black phosphorus-doped silk fibroin (BP/SF) coating on graft-bone healing of artificial ligaments made from polyethylene terephthalate (PET). A BP/SF-coated PET artificial ligament (BP/SF-PET) was prepared, and its surface characteristics were examined using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The cytocompatibility and osteogenic induction ability of the BP/SF-PET ligaments were evaluated <i>in vitro</i>. In addition, uncoated PET (PET group, n = 15) and BP/SF-coated PET (BP/SF-PET group, n = 15) artificial ligaments were randomly applied for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in rabbits. Micro-computed tomography (CT), and histological, immunofluorescent, and biomechanical analyses were performed 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively to evaluate graft-bone healing <i>in vivo</i>. Material characterization results confirmed the presence of BP/SF coating on the PET surface. <i>In vitro</i> experiment findings showed that BP/SF coating enhanced the viability of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts and L929 fibroblasts, and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts. The BP/SF-PET group exhibited stronger Alizarin Red staining and greater expression of genes involved in osteogenesis (<i>COL1, OCN</i>, and <i>OPN</i>) than the PET group. Micro-CT and histological analyses showed enhanced graft osseointegration in the BP/SF-PET group, as evidenced by new bone and fibrocartilage tissues developed at the graft-bone interface 12 weeks postoperatively. Accordingly, the histological scores in the BP/SF-PET group were higher. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that positive staining cells for CD68 at 6 weeks were lower and for Wnt-5a and <i>β</i>-catenin at 12 weeks were higher in the BP/SF-PET group than those in the PET group. Biomechanical analysis indicated that, at 12 weeks postoperatively, the BP/SF-PET group showed a notably higher failure load and stiffness compared to the PET group. To conclude, BP/SF coating significantly improved the biocompatibility and osteogenesis of PET artificial ligament, facilitating graft-bone integration after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction via the Wnt/<i>β</i>-catenin signaling pathway. Fibroin ; Polyethylene terephthalate ; Staining ; Osseointegration ; Anterior cruciate ligament ; Polyethylene ; Coating ; SILK Silk-based biomaterials and applications ; Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques ; Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
Authors: Wael A. Hashima | Manar Y. Abd El-Aziz | Mohamed Hakam | Eman Mustafa
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2026-03-23)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Performance of woven fabrics for absorbent applications This study investigates the performance of woven fabrics developed using modified cotton fabric, where the weft yarns consist of roving and the warp yarns are conventional spun yarns, aiming to enhance absorbency and moisture transport properties in functional absorbent textile products. Two weave structures - plain and twill - were produced with varying weft densities of 5, 7, and 9 picks/cm, using roving yarns with a yarn count of Ne 1.1 in the weft direction. A comprehensive set of standard tests was conducted, including air permeability, thermal conductivity, abrasion resistance, pilling grades, tensile strength, dimensional stability, fabric friction, fabric roughness, and moisture management performance. Two-way ANOVA was used to examine the relationships between fabric structure, pick density, and the measured performance properties, while a radar chart was employed to evaluate and compare the samples by integrating their physical, mechanical, and tactile characteristics. T9 (Twill – 9 picks/cm) ranked as the top-performing sample, followed by P9 (Plain – 9 picks/cm) and T5 (Twill – 5 picks/cm). However, based on moisture-management indicators, specifically the One-Way Transport Index (905.2%) and Overall Moisture Management Capacity (0.98), T5 showed the highest absorption efficiency, T5 optimizes moisture functionality, illustrating a trade-off between mechanical/tactile properties and moisture-management performance. Composite number ; Textile ; Adhesive Textile materials and evaluations ; Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research
Authors: Haoyu WANG | Jiajie SHEN | Fupeng CHENG | Chengzhi GUAN | Guoping XIAO | Jianqiang WANG
Source: Nuclear Techniques (article, 2026-03-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Electro-thermal balance in hydrogen production via pulse electrolysis using Reversible Solid Oxide Cells <bold>Background</bold>Reversible Solid Oxide Cells (RSOCs) represent a high-efficiency energy conversion technology suitable for large-scale storage of intermittent renewable energy. However, when RSOCs operate in high-temperature environments between 700 ℃ and 900 ℃, significant internal temperature gradients tend to be generated, causing thermal stress and performance degradation.<bold>Purpose</bold>This study aims to propose a dynamic operation mode based on long-pulse periodic electrolysis to reduce temperature gradients in RSOC stacks.<bold>Methods</bold>An RSOC fuel cell stack operation mode based on long pulse cycle dynamic electrolysis was proposed to reduce the temperature gradient within the fuel cell stack, and the COMSOL software was employed to establish a planar RSOC multi-physics coupled model. Then the effects of different pulse sequences on system temperature, temperature gradients, and hydrogen production rates were analyzed, and compared with experimental results.<bold>Results</bold>Results show that dynamic operation stabilizes system temperature and significantly reduces temperature gradients. At voltages of 1.2 V, 1.3 V, and 1.4 V, temperature gradients decreased by 43%, 44%, and 46% respectively. While pulsed electrolysis reduces hydrogen production rates, the loss remains minimal at lower voltages, with less than 7% loss at 1.2 V.<bold>Conclusions</bold>The results of this study demonstrate that the proposed long pulse cycle dynamic electrolysis based approach can be effectively applied to reducing the temperature gradient within the RSOC fuel cell stack. High-temperature electrolysis ; Electrolysis ; Hydrogen production ; Hydrogen ; Temperature gradient ; Stack (abstract data type) ; Electrolytic cell ; Polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis ; Oxide Advancements in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ; Chemical Looping and Thermochemical Processes ; Ammonia Synthesis and Nitrogen Reduction
Authors: Zhang Mingyu | Tong Xiaole | Yue Xu
Source: Frontiers in Materials (article, 2026-04-10)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Effect of annealing temperature on microstructure, texture and tensile properties of TC4 titanium alloy wire In this paper, TC4 titanium alloy wire was taken as the research object, and four groups of different temperatures of 920 °C, 940 °C, 960 °C and 980 °C were set to annealing the alloy. The effects of different annealing temperatures on the microstructure, phase, texture and tensile properties of TC4 titanium alloy wire were studied. The results show that with the increase of annealing temperature, the volume fraction of primary α phase decreases and the morphology tends to be equiaxed, while the content of secondary α phase increases. After annealing at different temperatures, the microstructure is composed of α phase and β phase. The diffraction peak intensity of α phase as the main phase is higher, while the content of β phase is less and the diffraction peak is weaker. The texture analysis shows that the orientation concentration of the alloy changes from &amp;lt;10-10&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;11-20&amp;gt; directions to &amp;lt;11-20&amp;gt; single direction with the increase of annealing temperature, and the texture strength decreases from 7.48 to 5.27. In terms of tensile properties, the strength of the alloy remains stable when the annealing temperature is 920–940 °C. When the temperature rises to 960 °C, the strength increases significantly and the plasticity decreases. At 980 °C, the strength reaches the peak (tensile strength is 1,210 MPa, yield strength is 1,110 MPa), but the elongation is only 5%. The fracture analysis shows that the fracture presents uniformly distributed equiaxed dimples in the range of 920–940 °C, while the number and size of dimples decrease in the range of 960–980 °C, and tear ridges appear. It is found that secondary crack morphology appears in all tensile fractures. Annealing (glass) ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Equiaxed crystals ; Titanium alloy ; Alloy ; Microstructure ; Volume fraction ; Elongation Titanium Alloys Microstructure and Properties ; Fatigue and fracture mechanics ; Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals
Authors: Ze Xi | Jinlong Wang | Yue Zhou | Yuexiao Dong | Shah Kinjal J. | Shujuan Zhang
Source: Frontiers in Plant Science (article, 2026-02-12)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi decouple plant growth and vanadium accumulation by reprogramming vanadium dynamics in green foxtail (Setaria viridis) More focus should be placed on AMF in the bioremediation of V-polluted soil as they decoupled plant growth and V accumulation by altering enrichment, translocation, subcellular distribution and chelation of V in green foxtail. Bioremediation ; Plant growth ; Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; Foxtail ; Vanadium ; Mycorrhizal fungi ; Glomeromycota ; Shoot ; Plant nutrition Vanadium and Halogenation Chemistry ; Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance ; Microbial Applications in Construction Materials
Authors: Natalya Galaeva
Source: International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering (article, 2026-03-26)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

RELIABILITY OF ENCLOSING STRUCTURES ACCORDING TO A GIVEN CRITERION OF THERMAL PROTECTION The requirements of thermal protection, along with the requirements of mechanical strength and stability imposed on enclosing structures, are among the key requirements that must be taken into account, taken into account and monitored not only when developing building projects, but also after their construction, since it is these indicators that will determine the energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the construction projects being implemented. These requirements are presented in the current regulatory documentation of the Russian Federation and are described by certain mathematical models consisting of a set of parameters. When using these models, the expert (or the designer) can conclude whether the enclosing structure meets a certain requirement, for example, the requirement for reduced heat transfer resistance, or does not meet this requirement, however, he (the expert) cannot say and assess how reliable this structure is by one or another criterion of thermal protection or by a set of criteria. This article presents specific methods for determining the quantitative indicator of the reliability of thermal protection of enclosing structures and proposes to reduce the reliability assessment to a value or range of values that will range from 0 to 1. This approach will allow for a multifactorial assessment of the energy efficiency of enclosing structures and allows experts, based on the results obtained, to draw conclusions about reliability. enclosing structures according to various criteria of thermal protection. Reliability (semiconductor) ; Documentation ; Range (aeronautics) ; Set (abstract data type) ; Thermal ; Thermal protection ; Stability (learning theory) ; Key (lock) Structural mechanics and materials ; Construction Management and Sustainability ; Advanced Energy Technologies and Civil Engineering Innovations