Authors: Youdong Kim | Peter W. Rand | Elliot Brim | Charlie Meisel | Steven Goldy | Jayoon Yang | Michael Sanders | Hyun‐Sik Kim | Kanghee Jo | Hee-Soo Lee | Garritt J. Tucker | Cristian V. Ciobanu | Ryan M. Richards | Neal P. Sullivan | Ryan O’Hayre
Source: Applied Catalysis B: Environmental (article, 2025-06-12)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Machine learning informed rational design of high entropy double perovskite oxide universal air/steam electrodes for solid oxide electrochemical cells Due to their high efficiency and versatility, solid oxide electrochemical cells (SOCs) are poised to play a significant role in future energy conversion and storage applications. In recent years, SOCs have bifurcated into two distinct categories: traditional oxygen-ion conducting SOCs that typically operate from ~650 850 °C and the more recent proton-conducting ceramic (PCC) SOCs that typically operate from ~400 650 °C. Current performance and lifetime of both oxygen-ion conducting SOCs and PCCs is primarily limited by the air/steam electrode, which facilitates the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) during fuel cell operation and must also facilitate the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) during electrolysis operation. Here, we present a newly designed high-entropy double perovskite oxide suitable as a universal ORR/OER electrode for both oxygen-ion conducting SOCs and PCCs. Machine learning methods are applied to identify chemical descriptors for highly catalytic high-entropy double perovskite oxides (AA’B 2 O 6 ) across a large compositional space. Based on the machine-learning guidance, we ultimately converge on Ba 0.9 Cs 0.1 (Ca 0.2 Gd 0.2 La 0.2 Pr 0.2 Sr 0.2 )Co 1.5 Fe 0.5 O 6 (CsBaHEO) as a universal air/steam electrode. Structure stabilization is accomplished by an equimolar five-cation high-entropy composition on the A’-site, while cesium substitution on the A-site enhances the electrical conductivity and leads to a higher oxygen vacancy concentration. This material exhibits versatility and high performance in reversible oxygen-ion SOCs, reversible PCCs, and also large-scale tubular PCCs. For example, the CsBaHEO-based PCC reaches 1018 mW∙cm -2 at 600°C, while a large-scale tubular PCC using CsBaHEO for electrolysis achieves a hydrogen production rate of 21.314 ml∙min -1 at 600 °C. • High-entropy double perovskite oxide (HEDPO) is designed for universal air electrode. • Machine learning informed that A-site radius is critical chemical descriptor for HEDPO. • Ba 0.9 Cs 0.1 (Ca 0.2 Gd 0.2 La 0.2 Pr 0.2 Sr 0.2 )Co 1.5 Fe 0.5 O 6 (CsBaHEO) exhibits high catalytic activity. • CsBaHEO achieves high performance both solid oxide and protonic conducting oxide reversible fuel cells. • Large-scale tubular protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCCs) with CsBaHEO achieves large amount of hydrogen production (21.314 ml∙min -1 at 600 °C). Oxide ; Electrode ; Electrochemistry ; Materials science ; Perovskite (structure) ; Chemical engineering ; Chemistry ; Metallurgy ; Engineering ; Physical chemistry Advancements in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ; Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides ; Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials