jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Zhiwu Huang | Yundong Song | Yulin Zhang | Yunsheng Fan | Shilong Zhuo | Taozhen Chang | Heng Li
Source:  (article, 2024-12-13)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Cooperative Cell Balancing For Supercapacitors With Reinforcement Learning With the rapid advancement of technologies such as electric vehicles, the demand for energy storage devices has surged, leading to the widespread adoption of supercapacitors due to their numerous advantages. In practical applications, supercapacitors are often arranged in series or parallel configurations to form capacitor banks, which cater to higher voltage or capacity requirements. However, inconsistencies in the manufacturing processes and materials can lead to variations in the electrical performance of individual supercapacitors, necessitating effective balance management. Existing balancing methods are generally categorized into passive and active approaches. While passive balancing circuits are simple and cost-effective, they tend to be inefficient. On the other hand, active balancing methods, although offering high control precision, are typically more complex and expensive. This paper introduces a collaborative balancing strategy based on Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) using a switch resistor circuit, which serves as an intermediate approach between passive and active methods by combining their respective advantages. By integrating deep reinforcement learning with the switch resistor circuit for supercapacitor balancing, the proposed method addresses the slow balancing speed of traditional circuits under significant voltage disparities, enhancing the robustness of the balancing process and achieving superior performance. A simulation environment is established in Simulink to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method under various initial voltage conditions. The results demonstrate that the supercapacitor bank achieves balance within a short time frame. Moreover, comparative experiments indicate that the collaborative strategy significantly reduces overshoot and improves the robustness of supercapacitor balancing compared to noncollaborative approaches. Reinforcement learning ; Supercapacitor ; Computer science ; Reinforcement ; Artificial intelligence ; Materials science ; Capacitance ; Chemistry ; Electrode ; Composite material Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication ; Nanoporous metals and alloys
Authors: Andrea Fedrigucci | Nicola Marzari | Paolo Emilio Ricci
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-06-30)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A comprehensive screening of plasma-facing materials for nuclear fusion Plasma-facing materials (PFMs) represent one of the most significant challenges for the design of future nuclear fusion reactors. Inside the reactor, the divertor will experience the harshest material environment: intense bombardment of neutrons and plasma particles coupled with large and intermittent heat fluxes. The material designated to cover this role in ITER is tungsten (W). While no other materials have shown the potential to match the properties of W, many drawbacks associated with its application remain, including: cracking and erosion induced by a low recrystallization temperature combined with a high ductile-brittle transition temperature and neutron-initiated embrittlement; surface morphology changes (fuzz layer) due to plasma-W interaction with subsequent risk of spontaneous material melting and delamination; low oxidation resistance. This work aims to produce a structured and comprehensive materials screening of PFMs candidates based on known inorganic materials. The methodology applied in this study to identify the most promising PFM candidates combines peer-reviewed data present in the Pauling File database and DFT calculations of two key PFMs defects, namely the surface binding energy and the formation energy of a hydrogen interstitial. The crystal structures and their related properties, extracted from the Pauling File, are ranked according to the heat-balance equation of a PFM subject to the heat loads in the divertor region of an ITER-like tokamak. The materials satisfying the requirements are critically compared with the state-of-the-art literature, defining an optimal subset where to perform the first-principles electronic structure calculations. The majority of previously known PFMs are captured by this screening process, confirming its reliability. Additionally, less familiar refractory materials suggest performance that calls for further investigations. Nuclear fusion ; Plasma ; Fusion ; Nuclear engineering ; Engineering ; Nuclear physics ; Physics ; Philosophy Fusion materials and technologies ; Magnetic confinement fusion research
Authors: S. Kaliappan | S. Yogeswari | I Manikandan | Pranav Kumar Prabhaka | A. Krishnakumari | Ramya Maranan
Source: E3S Web of Conferences (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Experimental investigation on mechanical properties of Jute nano SiC and Nano carbon Hybrid polymer composite The present research aims to study the synergistic influence of nanoparticle reinforcement on the mechanical properties and water absorption outcome of jute nano SiC and nano carbon hybrid polymer composites. The results obtained in this study confirmed that there were substantial improvements in mechanical properties across the tensile, impact, and hardness results, following an increase in the concentration of nano SiC and nano carbon particle in the production of five composites in total. The material response to tensile stress, impact loading, and deformation indicated that the nanoparticle reinforcement option is a feasible strategy to improve the resistance of a material to imposed load and deformation. The water absorption test, on the other end, indicated a considerable reduction in water absorption after the introduction and increased concentration of nanoparticle in the composite formulation, suggesting a robust and superior resistance to water and dimensional changes. These findings support the use of nanoparticle reinforcement to improve the mechanical and water resistance capacity of jute-based polymer composites and seek to explore possible applications in the automotive, construction, and aerospace industries. The research approach utilized herein, therefore, assists the composites and other materials’ industries in providing means to optimize their formulation to enhance their mechanical and environmental properties. Nano- ; Materials science ; Composite number ; Composite material ; Carbon fibers ; Polymer ; Nanotechnology Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Polymer Nanocomposite Synthesis and Irradiation ; Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties
Authors: Rachel M. Sapstead | Robert M. Dalgliesh | V.C. Ferreira | Charlotte Beebee | Erik B. Watkins | A. Robert Hillman | Karl S. Ryder | Emma L. Smith | Nina‐Juliane Steinke
Source: ACS Physical Chemistry Au (article, 2024-09-03)
Field: Chemistry — Electrochemistry

Time-Resolved Spatial Distributions of Individual Components of Electroactive Films during Potentiodynamic Electrodeposition Of the attributes that determine the performance of electroactive film-based devices, the least well quantified and understood is the spatial distribution of the component species. This is critical since it dictates the transport rates of <i>all</i> the mobile species (electrons, counterions, solvent, analyte, and reactant) and the film mechanical properties (as exploited in actuator devices). One of the few techniques able to provide individual species population profiles <i>in situ</i> is specular neutron reflectivity (NR). Historically, this information is obtained at the cost of poor time resolution (hours). Here we show how NR measurements with <i>event mode</i> data acquisition enable both spatial <i>and</i> temporal resolution; the latter can be selected postexperiment and varied during the transient. We profile individual species at "buried" interfaces under dynamic electrochemical conditions during polypyrrole electrodeposition and Cu deposition/dissolution. In the case of polypyrrole, the film is homogeneous throughout growth; there is no evidence of dendrite formation followed by solvent (water) displacement. Correlation of NR-derived film thickness and coulometric assay allows calculation of the solvent volume fraction, ϕ<sub>S</sub> = 0.48. In the case of Cu in a deep eutectic solvent, the complexing nature of the medium results in time-dependent metal speciation: mechanistically, dissolution does not simply follow the deposition pathway in reverse. Dissolution ; Deep eutectic solvent ; Electrolyte ; Materials science ; Solvent ; Deposition (geology) ; Counterion ; Eutectic system ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Chemical physics ; Chemical engineering ; Chemistry ; Electrode ; Ion ; Chromatography ; Metallurgy ; Organic chemistry Electrochemical Analysis and Applications ; Ionic liquids properties and applications ; Conducting polymers and applications
Authors: Tasnim Tarannum Jarin | Md. Atik Fayshal
Source: Environment & Ecosystem science (article, 2024-02-23)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

JUTE AS AN IMPACTFUL SUBSTITUTE TO PLASTIC PRODUCTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABILITY This review paper provides a critical examination of the environmental impacts and performance characteristics of both plastic and jute products, utilizing extensive literature and empirical data. The comparative analysis of plastic and jute products reveals significant differences in their environmental impacts, underscoring the urgent need for sustainable alternatives to plastic. Plastic products contribute extensively to environmental pollution through improper disposal and long-lasting presence in ecosystems, contaminating rivers and oceans, and posing severe threats to wildlife and human health due to entanglement, ingestion, and the leaching of harmful chemicals. Plastic production and decomposition release substantial greenhouse gases, exacerbating global warming and climate change, with plastic production demanding 63 GJ/ton of energy and generating 1340 tons of CO2 equivalent per ton produced. Conversely, jute products are celebrated for their biodegradability and sustainable sourcing. With a rapid growth cycle of 4-6 months and high cellulose yield, jute products decompose naturally, enriching the soil and reducing pollution. Although jute’s heavier weight can lead to higher transportation emissions, its benefits in terms of renewability, composability, and minimal carbon footprint make it a superior alternative, with jute production requiring only 2 GJ/ton of energy and emitting a negligible 0.15 tons of CO2 equivalent per ton produced. The historical significance and current trends of the jute industry in Bangladesh further underscore its potential as a sustainable resource, with the sector generating nearly $1 billion annually. The mechanical properties of jute, such as tensile strengths ranging from 12.69 MPa to 112.69 MPa and tensile moduli up to 39.1 GPa, combined with its physical properties like strong seam strength and resistance to temperature variations, enhance its versatility across various applications. The transition to jute products can significantly mitigate the adverse impacts of plastic pollution, promoting environmental conservation and sustainable industry practices. Sustainability ; Business ; Ecology Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Environmental, Ecological, and Cultural Studies ; Seed and Plant Biochemistry
Authors: Katherinne I. Requejo | Cristhian Cañari-Chumpitaz
Source: Revista de Química (article, 2024-06-28)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Movimiento propulsado por reacciones químicas y mediante luz en partículas Janus y coloides activos A diferencia de los materiales inertes en equilibrio, la materia activa como los organismos biológicos se encuentran fuera del equilibrio generando movimiento y ensamblajes a partir de interacciones moleculares y reacciones químicas en la nano- y microescala. Anteriormente, estas propiedades se consideraban exclusivas de organismos vivos; sin embargo, los avances en la ciencia de coloides han permitido generar análogos sintéticos conocidos como coloides activos que emulan dichas propiedades. En este artículo, se realiza primero una introducción a los coloides activos y a las partículas Janus, los ejemplos más resaltantes de esta área emergente. Se presentan brevemente los métodos de síntesis de coloides activos y los principales mecanismos de propulsión a nivel de coloide individual. Se describe también cómo dichas partículas pueden generar un comportamiento colectivo y ensamblarse en condiciones de no equilibrio. Finalmente, se detallan las características más importantes de estos coloides activos para su aplicación en las áreas de biomedicina y remediación ambiental. Humanities ; Political science ; Philosophy Pickering emulsions and particle stabilization ; Micro and Nano Robotics ; Biocrusts and Microbial Ecology
Authors: Yaar Vituri | Jiewen Xiao | Keshav Pareek | Tobias Holder | Erez Berg
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-08-19)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Incommensurate inter-valley coherent states in ABC graphene: collective modes and superconductivity Recent experiments in ABC trilayer graphene detected superconductivity on the border of a phase transition to a symmetry-broken phase. In this work, we use unrestricted Hartree-Fock to study the nature of this phase. We find a close competition between two incommensurate inter-valley coherent (IVC) phases: an IVC crystal where the ordering occurs at multiple wavevectors, and an IVC spiral with a single ordering wavevector. Focusing on one of the regimes where superconductivity is observed experimentally, we find a continuous (or very weakly first order) transition between a half metallic phase to an IVC crystal, followed by a first-order transition into an IVC spiral. Using time-dependent Hartree-Fock, we study the collective mode spectrum in the half-metalic phase. We find a soft inter-valley mode that can mediate superconductivity in a narrow sliver of density near the continuous transition, with a Tc that can reach a few hundreds of mK and a sign-changing s-wave order parameter. The spin stiffness in the half metal phase is found to be surprisingly low, of the order of a few degrees Kelvin. Superconductivity ; Graphene ; Coherent states ; Condensed matter physics ; Physics ; Quantum mechanics ; Quantum Graphene research and applications ; Quantum and electron transport phenomena ; Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research
Authors: Yifei Song | Jalal Jalali | Qin, Yanyu | Darabi, Mostafa | Filip Lemić | Natasha Devroye
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-11-27)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Miniature UAV-Aided Cooperative THz Networks with Reconfigurable Energy Harvesting Holographic Surfaces This paper focuses on enhancing the energy efficiency (EE) of a cooperative network that features a miniature unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operating at terahertz (THz) frequencies and equipped with holographic surfaces to improve network performance. Unlike traditional reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), which serve as passive relays for signal reflection, this work introduces a novel concept: energy harvesting (EH) using reconfigurable holographic surfaces (RHS). These surfaces provide more powerful and focused energy delivery during wireless power transfer than RIS and are mounted on the miniature UAV. In this system, a source node enables the UAV to simultaneously receive both information and energy signals, with the harvested energy powering data transmission to a specific destination. The EE optimization problem involves adjusting non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) power coefficients and the UAV's flight path while accounting for the unique characteristics of the THz channel. The problem is solved in two stages to maximize EE and meet a target transmission rate. The UAV trajectory is optimized using a successive convex approximation (SCA) method, followed by the adjustment of NOMA power coefficients through a quadratic transform technique. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, showing significant improvements over baseline methods. Holography ; Terahertz radiation ; Energy (signal processing) ; Energy harvesting ; Optoelectronics ; Computer science ; Optics ; Physics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks ; Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies
Authors: Brandon J. Furey | Zhenlin Wu | Mariano Isaza-Monsalve | Stefan Walser | Elyas Mattivi | René Nardi | Philipp Schindler
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-05-03)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Strategies for implementing quantum error correction in molecular rotation The rotation of trapped molecules offers a promising platform for quantum technologies and quantum information processing. In parallel, quantum error correction codes that can protect quantum information encoded in rotational states of a single molecule have been developed. These codes are currently an abstract concept, as no implementation strategy is yet known. Here, we present a step towards experimental implementation of one family of such codes, namely absorption-emission codes. We first construct architecture-agnostic check and correction operators. These operators are then decomposed into elements of the quantum logic spectroscopy toolbox that is available for molecular ions. We then describe and analyze a measurement-based sequential as well as an autonomous implementation strategy in the presence of thermal background radiation, a major noise source for rotation in polar molecules. The presented strategies and methods might enable robust sensing or even fault-tolerant quantum computing using the rotation of individual molecules. Rotation (mathematics) ; Quantum ; Computer science ; Quantum error correction ; Error detection and correction ; Physics ; Algorithm ; Quantum mechanics ; Quantum computer ; Artificial intelligence Various Chemistry Research Topics ; Molecular spectroscopy and chirality ; Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
Authors: A. V. Hamza
Source: Journal of Information Systems Engineering & Management (article, 2024-11-19)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

Bending Analysis of Linear and Non-Linear Functionally Graded Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Nanocomposite Plates with Temperature-Dependent Material Properties This article offers an extensive examination of the bending characteristics of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (CNT-RC) plates with material properties that depend on temperature. It investigates both uniform and non-uniform (functionally graded) arrangements of CNTs throughout the thickness of the plate, addressing an existing research gap. The effective material characteristics of the CNT-RC plates, taking into account the influences of temperature and moisture, are calculated using the extended rule of mixtures. The study employs first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) to establish the governing equations, integrating thermo-elastic relationships, which are numerically addressed through the finite element method. A validation study verifies the precision of the proposed methodology. A detailed parametric analysis is performed to assess the effects of crucial elements such as plate geometry (length-to-width and width-to-thickness ratios), CNT volume fraction, boundary conditions, and both linear and non-linear CNT distribution schemes on the bending behavior of the CNT-RC plates. This research provides significant insights into the design and optimization of CNT-reinforced composite materials for advanced engineering uses. Materials science ; Composite material ; Nanocomposite ; Carbon nanotube ; Bending ; Carbon fibers ; Composite number Material Properties and Applications ; Advanced Theoretical and Applied Studies in Material Sciences and Geometry ; Composite Structure Analysis and Optimization
Authors: Latief Susila Aji | Muhammad Zamhari | Febri Ilham Saputra | Dewi Masrukhah
Source: Edu Sains Jurnal Pendidikan Sains & Matematika (article, 2024-12-14)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Comparing STEM and contextual approaches' impact on students' motivation and learning in acid-base materials This study aimed to compare the impact of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and contextual approaches on students' motivations for learning and achievements in chemistry lessons focused on acid-base materials. A quasiexperimental design with a non-equivalent control group was used, and the participants were 66 students of class XI Science students from State Senior High School 1 (SMA N 1) Kalibawang. Data collection instruments included pre and post-questionnaires and test questions. The findings revealed significant differences in students' learning motivations and achievements between the STEM and contextual approaches to acid-base materials. Both approaches improved students' learning motivations, with the STEM approach yielding higher gains. Base (topology) ; Psychology ; Mathematics education ; Mathematics Various Chemistry Research Topics ; Engineering Education and Pedagogy
Authors: Samuel J. Weisenthal | Matthew L. Eckard | Askhan Ertefaie | Marissa Sobolewski | Sally W. Thurston
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-04-05)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Optimality-based reward learning with applications to toxicology In toxicology research, experiments are often conducted to determine the effect of toxicant exposure on the behavior of mice, where mice are randomized to receive the toxicant or not. In particular, in fixed interval experiments, one provides a mouse reinforcers (e.g., a food pellet), contingent upon some action taken by the mouse (e.g., a press of a lever), but the reinforcers are only provided after fixed time intervals. Often, to analyze fixed interval experiments, one specifies and then estimates the conditional state-action distribution (e.g., using an ANOVA). This existing approach, which in the reinforcement learning framework would be called modeling the mouse's "behavioral policy," is sensitive to misspecification. It is likely that any model for the behavioral policy is misspecified; a mapping from a mouse's exposure to their actions can be highly complex. In this work, we avoid specifying the behavioral policy by instead learning the mouse's reward function. Specifying a reward function is as challenging as specifying a behavioral policy, but we propose a novel approach that incorporates knowledge of the optimal behavior, which is often known to the experimenter, to avoid specifying the reward function itself. In particular, we define the reward as a divergence of the mouse's actions from optimality, where the representations of the action and optimality can be arbitrarily complex. The parameters of the reward function then serve as a measure of the mouse's tolerance for divergence from optimality, which is a novel summary of the impact of the exposure. The parameter itself is scalar, and the proposed objective function is differentiable, allowing us to benefit from typical results on consistency of parametric estimators while making very few assumptions. Computer science ; Toxicology ; Artificial intelligence ; Machine learning ; Biology Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals ; Computational Drug Discovery Methods ; Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography