jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Yanlei Li | Huaiqun Wang | Zihao Yang | Xiangwu Wang | Wenxiu Wang | Hui Teng
Source: Foods (review, 2024-05-13)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Rapid Non-Destructive Detection Technology in the Field of Meat Tenderness: A Review Traditionally, tenderness has been assessed through shear force testing, which is inherently destructive, the accuracy is easily affected, and it results in considerable sample wastage. Although this technology has some drawbacks, it is still the most effective detection method currently available. In light of these drawbacks, non-destructive testing techniques have emerged as a preferred alternative, promising greater accuracy, efficiency, and convenience without compromising the integrity of the samples. This paper delves into applying five advanced non-destructive testing technologies in the realm of meat tenderness assessment. These include near-infrared spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging, Raman spectroscopy, airflow optical fusion detection, and nuclear magnetic resonance detection. Each technology is scrutinized for its respective strengths and limitations, providing a comprehensive overview of their current utility and potential for future development. Moreover, the integration of these techniques with the latest advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology is explored. The fusion of AI with non-destructive testing offers a promising avenue for the development of more sophisticated, rapid, and intelligent systems for meat tenderness evaluation. This integration is anticipated to significantly enhance the efficiency and accuracy of the quality assessment in the meat industry, ensuring a higher standard of safety and nutritional value for consumers. The paper concludes with a set of technical recommendations to guide the future direction of non-destructive, AI-enhanced meat tenderness detection. Tenderness ; Computer science ; Hyperspectral imaging ; Biochemical engineering ; Risk analysis (engineering) ; Reliability engineering ; Artificial intelligence ; Engineering ; Medicine Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Meat and Animal Product Quality ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
Authors: Wei Chen | Rachel Sun | Doksoo Lee | Carlos M. Portela
Source: Advanced Intelligent Systems (article, 2024-11-07)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Generative Inverse Design of Metamaterials with Functional Responses by Interpretable Learning Metamaterials with functional responses can exhibit varying properties under different conditions (e.g., wave‐based responses or deformation‐induced property variation). This work addresses rapid inverse design of such metamaterials to meet target qualitative functional behaviors, a challenge due to its intractability and nonunique solutions. Unlike data‐intensive and noninterpretable deep‐learning‐based methods, this work proposes the random‐forest‐based interpretable generative inverse design (RIGID), a single‐shot inverse design method for fast generation of metamaterials with on‐demand functional behaviors. RIGID leverages the interpretability of a random forest‐based “design → response” forward model, eliminating the need for a more complex “response → design” inverse model. Based on the likelihood of target satisfaction derived from the trained random forest, one can sample a desired number of design solutions using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. RIGID is validated on acoustic and optical metamaterial design problems, each with fewer than 250 training samples. Compared to the genetic algorithm‐based design generation approach, RIGID generates satisfactory solutions that cover a broader range of the design space, allowing for better consideration of additional figures of merit beyond target satisfaction. This work offers a new perspective on solving on‐demand inverse design problems, showcasing the potential for incorporating interpretable machine learning into generative design under small data constraints. Generative grammar ; Inverse ; Generative Design ; Generative model ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Mathematics ; Engineering ; Geometry Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research ; Music Technology and Sound Studies
Authors: Aleksandra Ziemińska‐Stolarska | Mariia Sobulska | Monika Pietrzak | Ireneusz Zbicińśki
Source: Processes (article, 2024-02-24)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

Application of Life Cycle Assessment to Analysis of Fibre Composite Manufacturing Technologies in Shipyards Industry Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used to evaluate the environmental load of fibre composite manufacturing technologies in the shipyards industry in a frame of the Fibre4Yards (Horizon 2020) project. This paper is focused on the LCA of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) technologies used to produce all elements of the floating unit, i.e., the conventional vacuum infusion technology for the deck panel and adaptive mould process for superstructure panels, ultraviolet (UV) curved pultrusion process for the production of stiffeners, hot stamping technology for brackets, and three-dimensional (3D) printing and automatic tape placement (ATP) for pillars. Environmental impact was assessed based on standard indicators: Global Warming Potential, water consumption, and fossil resource scarcity. The results indicate that the total carbon footprint of analysed FRP technologies is mainly produced by the type of the materials applied rather than by the amount of energy consumed during the process. Pultrusion ; Life-cycle assessment ; Fibre-reinforced plastic ; Carbon footprint ; Greenhouse gas ; Shipyard ; Engineering ; Manufacturing engineering ; Environmental science ; Process engineering ; Mechanical engineering ; Structural engineering ; Production (economics) ; Shipbuilding Material Properties and Applications ; Material Selection and Properties ; Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
Authors: Jing Li | Rui Cai | Huanyang Chen | Binyi Ma | Qiannan Wu | Mengwei Li
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2024-08-27)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Deep neural network-enabled multifunctional switchable terahertz metamaterial devices Under the support of deep neural networks (DNN), a multifunctional switchable terahertz metamaterial (THz MMs) device is designed and optimized. This device not only achieves ideal ultra-wideband (UWB) absorption in the THz frequency range but enables dual-functional polarization transformation over UWB. When vanadium dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>) is in the metallic state, the device as a UWB absorber with an absorption rate exceeding 90% in the 2.43-10 THz range, with a relative bandwidth (RBW) of 145.2%, and its wideband absorption performance is insensitive to polarization. When VO<sub>2</sub> is in the insulating state, the device can switch to a polarization converter, achieving conversions from linear to cross polarization and from linear to circular polarization in the ranges of 4.58-10 THz and 4.16-4.43 THz, respectively. Within the 4.58-10 THz range, the polarization conversion ratio approaches 100% with an RBW of 74.3%, the polarization rotation angle is near 90°. Within the 4.16-4.43 THz range, the RBW is 6.29% and the ellipticity ratio approaches 1, Moreover, the effects of incident angle and polarization angle on the operational characteristics are studied. This THz MMs due to its advantages of wide angle, broad bandwidth, and high efficiency, provides valuable references for the research of new multifunctional THz devices. It has great application potential in short-range wireless THz communication, ultrafast optical switches, high-temperature resistant switches, transient spectroscopy, and optical polarization control devices. Terahertz radiation ; Materials science ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Optoelectronics ; Brewster's angle ; Metamaterial ; Ultrashort pulse ; Optics ; Wideband ; Physics ; Laser ; Chemistry Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Antenna Design and Analysis ; Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling
Authors: Qiang Xiao | Qian Ma | Yu Ning | Long Chen | Shuo Liu | Jingjing Zhang | Jian Wei You | Tie Jun Cui
Source: Nanophotonics (article, 2024-01-05)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Programmable topological metasurface to modulate spatial and surface waves in real time We propose a programmable topological metasurface to integrate intelligent modulations of spatial and surface waves. A general design method is presented to design the programmable metasurface elements with PIN diodes. The surface waves can be controlled to propagate along the topological domain-wall interface by programming the C<sub>3</sub>-symmetry elements, while the spatial waves are modulated by the patterns of C<sub>6</sub>-symmetry elements. By independently controlling the bias voltages of meta-elements, the programmable topological metasurface can generate different coding patterns with distinct combinations of C<sub>3</sub>- and C<sub>6</sub>-symmetries in real time, respectively achieving the dynamical manipulation of the surface- and spatial-wave by using distinct element states in a time-division manner. To validate the modulation performance, we perform both near- and far-field tests with different coding patterns. Experimental results demonstrate good agreement with numerical simulations, thereby showcasing the flexible manipulations of surface waves and spatial waves by the topological metasurface. The proposed metasurface opens up new possibilities for multifunctional metadevices, which hold great potentials for future wireless communications and smart sensing systems. Surface (topology) ; Surface wave ; Physics ; Optics ; Materials science ; Topology (electrical circuits) ; Engineering ; Electrical engineering ; Geometry Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling
Authors: Md Ekramul Hossain | Muhammad Ashad Kabir | Lihong Zheng | David L. Swain | Shawn McGrath | Jonathan Medway
Source: Heliyon (review, 2024-11-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Near-infrared spectroscopy for analysing livestock diet quality: A systematic review Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive and fast technology that has been increasingly used to analyse livestock diet quality. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to examine the utilisation of NIRS technology for analysing livestock diet quality, with a focus on identifying trends, methodologies, and challenges in recent research. We conducted a systematic search of the literature on five electronic databases and retrieved 718 studies that have been published on the subject. Fifty-four studies were subsequently selected and investigated in depth. These studies were categorised into two groups, namely benchtop and portable, based on the types of NIRS devices utilised, with a majority employing the reflectance spectra mode. Our analysis found that standard normal variate (SNV), detrend (DT), and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) are the most commonly used spectral data processing methods. The findings indicate that NIRS technology can provide accurate and reliable measurements of key livestock diet quality parameters such as crude protein, fibre, and moisture content. Additionally, we discuss the challenges associated with NIRS technology and provide recommendations for future research directions to further advance the use of NIRS technology in the livestock industry. Livestock ; Quality (philosophy) ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Spectroscopy ; Environmental science ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Chemistry ; Geography ; Physics ; Environmental chemistry ; Forestry Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Meat and Animal Product Quality ; Isotope Analysis in Ecology
Authors: Veronica Ferrari | Rosalba Calvini | Camilla Menozzi | Alessandro Ulrici | Marco Bragolusi | Roberto Piro | Alessandra Tata | Michele Suman | Giorgia Foca
Source: Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems (article, 2024-04-23)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Addressing adulteration challenges of dried oregano leaves by NIR HyperSpectral Imaging Dried oregano leaves are particularly prone to adulteration because of their widespread distribution and their easy mixing with leaves of other plants of lower commercial value, such as olive, myrtle, strawberry tree, or sumac. To reveal the presence of adulteration, in this study we considered an untargeted analytical approach, which instead of involving the a priori selection of specific compounds of interest is focused on defining the characteristic spectral signature of authentic oregano with respect to its most frequent adulterants. NIR HyperSpectral Imaging (NIR-HSI) represents a state-of-the-art, rapid and non-destructive technique, allowing for the collection of both spectral and spatial information from the sample, making it particularly suitable for characterizing visually heterogeneous samples. Authentication issues are typically assessed through class modelling techniques and Soft Independent Modelling of class Analogy (SIMCA) is one of the most used algorithms in this scenario. However, the high variability and heterogeneity within the authentic oregano class resulted in poor outcomes when SIMCA was applied. As an alternative, Soft Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (Soft PLS-DA) algorithm was applied to differentiate authentic oregano samples from pure adulterants. Soft PLS-DA represents a hybrid approach that combines the advantages of both discriminant and class modelling techniques. The resultant classification model has indeed led to promising results, achieving a prediction efficiency of 92.9%. Finally, based on the percentage of pixels predicted as oregano in the Soft-PLSDA prediction images, a threshold value of 10% was established, serving as a detection limit of NIR-HSI to distinguish authentic oregano samples from adulterated ones. Hyperspectral imaging ; Food science ; Environmental science ; Chemistry ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Authors: Kandammathe Valiyaveedu Sreekanth | Sambhu Jana | Mohamed ElKabbash | Ranjan Singh | Jinghua Teng
Source: Nanophotonics (review, 2024-01-16)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Phase change material‐based tunable Fano resonant optical coatings and their applications Thin-film coatings offer a scalable optical platform, as compared to nanopatterned films, for various applications including structural coloring, photovoltaics, and sensing. Recently, Fano resonant optical coatings (FROCs) have gained attention. FROCs consist of coupled thin film nanocavities composed of a broadband and a narrowband optical absorber. The optical properties of FROCs can be dynamically adjusted using chalcogenide phase change materials (PCM). Switching the structural states of PCM layers in the cavity between amorphous and crystalline states, the Fano resonance supported by FROC can be modulated in terms of resonance wavelength, intensity, and bandwidth. This review discusses the scientific and technological facets of both passive and active FROCs for applications in structural coloring and spectrum-splitting filters. We explore electrically tunable FROCs for dynamic color generation and optical steganography. Furthermore, we discuss the utilization of passive and active FROCs as spectrum-splitting filters to mitigate the drop in photovoltaic efficiency of solar cells due to heating and for hybrid thermal-electric power generation. Nanomaterials ; Materials science ; Fano resonance ; Fano plane ; Optoelectronics ; Phase change ; Nanotechnology ; Optical materials ; Phase-change material ; Nanophotonics ; Plasmon ; Engineering physics ; Physics Phase-change materials and chalcogenides ; Liquid Crystal Research Advancements ; Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials
Authors: Stephan Roche | B. J. van Wees | Kévin Garello | Sergio O. Valenzuela
Source: 2D Materials (article, 2024-07-18)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Spintronics with two-dimensional materials and van der Waals heterostructures Abstract We briefly summarize more than fifteen years of intense research in 2D materials (2DM)-based spintronics, which has led to an in-depth understanding of fundamental spin transport mechanisms, novel functionalities in magnetic tunnel junctions and spin orbit torque devices, and the formidable and unprecedented capability of proximity effects to make graphene a spin active material. Although the portfolio of functional 2DM-based devices and related heterostructures is continuously increasing, we outline key technological challenges that are still impeding practical spintronic applications in spin-logics and non-volatile memory technologies. We conclude by mentioning current and future directions which will maintain the momentum of the field of ultracompact spintronics based on 2DM and van der Waals heterostructures. Spintronics ; Heterojunction ; van der Waals force ; Nanotechnology ; Graphene ; Spin (aerodynamics) ; Engineering physics ; Condensed matter physics ; Physics ; Materials science ; Computer science ; Ferromagnetism ; Engineering ; Quantum mechanics ; Aerospace engineering 2D Materials and Applications ; Graphene research and applications ; Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices
Authors: Lixin Hou | Zeye Liu | Jixuan You | Yandong Liu | Jingxuan Xiang | Jing Zhou | Pan Yu
Source: Electronics (article, 2024-05-29)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Tomato Sorting System Based on Machine Vision In the fresh tomato market, it is crucial to sort and sell tomatoes based on their quality. This is important to enhance the competitiveness and profitability of the market. However, the manual sorting process is subjective and inefficient. To address this issue, we have developed an automatic tomato sorting system that uses the Raspberry PI 4B as the control platform for the robot arm. This system has been integrated with a human–computer interaction interface sorting system. Our experimental results indicate that this sorting method has an accuracy rate of 99.1% and an efficiency of 1350 tomatoes per hour. This development is in line with modern agricultural mechanization and intelligence needs. Sorting ; Machine vision ; Computer science ; Computer vision ; Artificial intelligence ; Algorithm Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Remote Sensing and Land Use
Authors: Sumit J. Bandekar | Krassimira Garbett | Szymon P. Kordon | Ethan Dintzner | Tanner Shearer | Richard Sando | Demet Araç
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2024-01-27)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Structure of the extracellular region of the adhesion GPCR CELSR1 reveals a compact module which regulates G protein-coupling Cadherin EGF Laminin G seven-pass G-type receptors (CELSRs or ADGRCs) are conserved adhesion G protein-coupled receptors which are essential for animal development. CELSRs have extracellular regions (ECRs) containing 23 adhesion domains which couple adhesion to intracellular signaling. However, molecular-level insight into CELSR function is sparsely available. We report the 4.3 Å cryo-EM reconstruction of the mCELSR1 ECR with 13 domains resolved in the structure. These domains form a compact module mediated by interdomain interactions with contact between the N- and C-terminal domains. We show the mCELSR1 ECR forms an extended species in the presence of Ca <sup>2+</sup> , which we propose represents the antiparallel cadherin repeat dimer. Using assays for adhesion and G protein-coupling, we assign the N-terminal CADH1-8 module as necessary for cell adhesion and we show the C-terminal CAHD9-GAIN module regulates signaling. Our work provides important molecular context to the literature on CELSR function and opens the door towards further mechanistic studies. Antiparallel (mathematics) ; Adhesion ; Cadherin ; Cell biology ; G protein-coupled receptor ; Cell adhesion ; Context (archaeology) ; Laminin ; Extracellular ; Cell adhesion molecule ; Biology ; Receptor ; Biophysics ; Signal transduction ; Chemistry ; Extracellular matrix ; Biochemistry ; Cell ; Physics Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling ; Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
Authors: Hossein Mani | Aboozar Taherizadeh | Behzad Sadeghian | Behzad Sadeghi | Pasquale Cavaliere
Source: Materials (article, 2024-02-08)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Thermal–Mechanical and Microstructural Simulation of Rotary Friction Welding Processes by Using Finite Element Method Rotary friction welding is one of the most crucial techniques for joining different parts in advanced industries. Experimentally measuring the history of thermomechanical and microstructural parameters of this process can be a significant challenge and incurs high costs. To address these challenges, the finite element method was used to simulate thermomechanical and microstructural aspects of the welding of identical superalloy Inconel 718 tubes. Numerical simulation results were used to compute essential mechanical and metallurgical parameters such as temperature, strain, strain rate, volume fraction of dynamic recrystallization, and grain size distribution. These parameters were subsequently verified using experimental test results. The Johnson-Avrami model was utilized in the microstructural simulation to convert thermomechanical parameters into metallurgical factors, employing a FORTRAN subroutine. The calculated thickness of the recrystallization zone in the wall was 480 and 850 μm at the tube wall's center and edge, respectively. These values were reported from experimental measurements as 500 and 800 μm, respectively. The predicted grain size changes from the center to the edge of the wall thickness, near the weld interface, ranged from 2.07 to 2.15 μm, comparable to the experimental measurements ranging from 1.9 to 2.2 μm. Various curves are also presented to explore the correlation between thermomechanical and microstructural parameters, with the experimental results revealing predictable microstructure evolutions correlated with thermomechanical changes. Finite element method ; Materials science ; Welding ; Thermal ; Friction welding ; Composite material ; Mechanical engineering ; Microstructure ; Metallurgy ; Structural engineering ; Engineering ; Thermodynamics Metal Alloys Wear and Properties ; Metallurgy and Material Forming ; Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels