jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Anastasiya V. Savchuk | Т. Р. Федорів
Source: Technology audit and production reserves (article, 2025-02-18)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Determination of the influence of the thermostabilizer content on the cyclic processing of polyvinyl chloride The object of the study is the process of cyclic recycling of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The main problem of multiple recycling of polyvinyl chloride is poor thermal stability. This problem is associated with insufficient stabilization of polyvinyl chloride at the stage of manufacturing the initial product. Usually, such products are difficult to recycle, since the content of additives in polyvinyl chloride is designed for one-time manufacturing of products and does not provide for repeated cyclic recycling. In addition, it may be necessary to modify the PVC composition to obtain the characteristics necessary for a new application. The thermal stability of polyvinyl chloride can be improved by various methods of physical modification. One of the key methods is the introduction of a stabilizer in a rational amount. To solve the problems set in the work, PVC composites with an adjustable stabilizer content from 2 to 5 mass parts were manufactured. The manufactured composites were recycled up to 5 times. At each cycle of PVC composites processing, thermal stability and melting point were determined using the RM-200C Hapro rheometer plastograph (Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin Technology Co. Ltd, China). Mechanical properties were also determined on a tensile machine according to ISO 527-2:2012, Charpy impact strength according to ISO 179 and ASTM D256, and melt flow index according to ISO 1133:199. The study found that increasing the stabilizer content by only 1–2 parts by mass from its base concentration of 3 parts by mass increases the life of the PVC composite by 1.5–2 times. A stabilizer content of 4–5 parts by mass allows maintaining sufficiently stable physical and mechanical characteristics of the PVC composite during 5 processing cycles. As a result of the research, a PVC formulation suitable for cyclic processing was proposed, which is achieved by introducing 4–5 mass parts of the stabilizer at the stage of primary PVC production. This allows maintaining the mechanical characteristics of the material, valuable for the final application during multiple processing compared to typical PVC composites used on the market for the production of window profiles. Polyvinyl chloride ; Chloride ; Chemistry ; Food science ; Nuclear chemistry ; Organic chemistry Polymer Science and PVC
Source: International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Morphology and Tensile Properties of Biocomposite based Polyvinyl Alcohol and Cassava Starch Reinforced by Lemon Peel Fiber This study investigated the tensile properties, fracture morphology, and biodegradability of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) and cassava starch biocomposites reinforced with lemon peel fibers.The biocomposites were prepared using the solution casting method with variations of lemon peel fiber fillers of 1, 2, 3, and 4%.Adding lemon peel fibers significantly increased the tensile strength as this addition increased the fiber content.Notably, the highest tensile strength observed was 14.82 MPa for the PVA/cassava starch biocomposite containing 3% lemon peel fibers.This result surpassed the tensile strength of the pure PVA and the PVA/cassava starch composites.This indicates that the lemon peel fibers effectively reinforce the matrix, resulting in stronger interfacial bonds and a more compact composite structure.In contrast, the elongation at break values decreased with higher concentrations of starch and fibers, indicating that adding fibers made the material stiffer and less flexible.In addition, this study assessed the biodegradation rate of the biocomposites, and found that the biocomposite with the highest lemon peel fiber content (4%) exhibited the most rapid biodegradation, with a degradation rate of 80.47% after 15 days of burial.This suggests that the presence of lemon peel fibers improves the mechanical properties of the biocomposites and increases their environmental friendliness.These findings suggest that PVA/cassava starch biocomposites reinforced with lemon peel fiber show significant potential as a sustainable alternative to conventional synthetic plastics, offering a balance of strength, flexibility, and environmental degradability. Biocomposite ; Polyvinyl alcohol ; Starch ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Composite material ; Materials science ; Fiber ; Morphology (biology) ; Food science ; Chemistry ; Composite number ; Biology Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: Roman Svoboda
Source: Molecules (article, 2025-04-09)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Calorimetric Monitoring of the Sub-Tg Crystal Growth in Molecular Glasses: The Case of Amorphous Nifedipine Non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Raman microscopy were used to study the crystallization behavior of the 20-50 μm amorphous nifedipine (NIF) powder. In particular, the study was focused on the diffusionless glass-crystal (GC) growth mode occurring below the glass transition temperature (T<sub>g</sub>). The exothermic signal associated with the GC growth was indeed directly and reproducibly recorded at heating rates q<sup>+</sup> ≤ 0.5 °C·min<sup>-1</sup>. During the GC growth, the α<sub>p</sub> polymorphic phase was exclusively formed, as confirmed via Raman microscopy. In addition to the freshly prepared NIF samples, the crystallization of the powders annealed for 7 h at 20 °C was also monitored-approx. 50-60% crystallinity was achieved. For the annealed NIF powders, the confocal Raman microscopy verified a proportional absence of the crystalline phase on the sample surface (indicating its dominant formation along the internal micro-cracks, which is characteristic of the GC growth). All DSC data were modeled in terms of the solid-state kinetic equation paired with the autocatalytic model; the kinetic complexity was described via reaction mechanism based on the overlap of 3-4 independent processes. The kinetic trends associated with decreasing q<sup>+</sup> were identified, confirming the temperature-dependent kinetic behavior, and used to calculate a theoretical kinetic prediction conformable to the experimentally performed 7 h annealing at 20 °C. The theoretical model slightly underestimated the true extent of the GC growth, predicting the crystallinity to be 35-40% after 7 h (such accuracy is still extremely good in comparison with the standard kinetic approaches nowadays). Further research in the field of kinetic analysis should thus focus on the methodological ways of increasing the accuracy of considerably extrapolated kinetic predictions. Nifedipine ; Amorphous solid ; Crystal (programming language) ; Materials science ; Chemistry ; Thermodynamics ; Chemical engineering ; Crystallography ; Metallurgy ; Physics ; Computer science ; Calcium Material Dynamics and Properties ; Chemical Thermodynamics and Molecular Structure ; Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Authors: Dina Maleki | Donya Maleki | Adham Fani Maleki | Helia Zare | AmirHossein SohrabiFar
Source: International Journal of Dentistry (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Color Stability of Three Ceramics After Thermocycling in Coffee, Black Tea, Cola, and Water: An In Vitro Study <b>Background:</b> Ceramic restorations have become a cornerstone of modern dentistry. Color stability is crucial for dental ceramics to maintain the esthetic appearance of restorations over time. <b>Objectives:</b> Given the widespread consumption of staining agents like coffee, tea, and cola, this study aimed to assess the color stability of three ceramics after thermocycling in different solutions. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> In this in vitro study, 120 samples of Vita Suprinity PC, IPS e.max, and InCoris ZI (40 samples each) were prepared as disks with 1 mm thickness and 10 mm diameter in A2 shade and glazed per manufacturer guidelines. The 10 samples of each group underwent 5000 thermocycles in coffee, black tea, cola, or tap water (5 and 55°C) with a dwell time of 30 s and a transfer time of 10 s simulating approximately 6 months of clinical use. To assess color change, <i>ΔE</i> was calculated using a calibrated spectrophotometer (X Rite, sp60 series, USA). <i>L</i> (for the lightness/darkness), <i>a</i> (for redness/greenness), and <i>b</i> (for yellowness/blueness) were measured before and after immersing. The data were analyzed using ANOVA with SPSS version 26.0. at the significance level of 0.05. <b>Results:</b> According to the results in all three groups, <i>∆E</i> was significantly higher in the coffee subgroup compared to the black tea, cola, and water subgroups; was significantly higher in the black tea subgroup compared to the cola and water subgroups; and was significantly higher in the cola subgroup than the water subgroup (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In the comparison of all four solutions, the color change in the Vita Suprinity PC samples was more significant compared to IPS e.max and InCoris ZI samples; and was more significant in IPS e.max than InCoris ZI (<i>p</i> < 0.001). ∆<i>E</i> values for Vita Suprinity PC and IPS e.max were perceptible (<i>∆E</i> > 1) but clinically acceptable (<i>∆E</i> < 3.7), while InCoris ZI's <i>∆E</i> was imperceptible (<i>∆E</i> < 1). <b>Conclusion:</b> The color stability of monolithic zirconia was more than lithium disilicate in coffee, black tea, cola, and water solutions. The color of lithium disilicate was more stable than zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate in all staining solutions. Coffee, black tea, and cola consumption can affect ceramic restorations' color change. Coffee has a more staining effect among different beverages. Cola (plant) ; Black tea ; Food science ; Traditional medicine ; Chemistry ; Materials science ; Botany ; Biology ; Medicine Pigment Synthesis and Properties ; Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers
Authors: Deqiang Wang | Yifan Ge | Fengbiao Chen | Hairui Deng | Yang Liu | Yinjun Chen
Source: Macromolecular Rapid Communications (article, 2025-01-27)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

The Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Photochromic and Mechanochromic Functional Fibers Mechanically responsive polymer materials have garnered significant interest due to their unique ability to respond to external forces, leading to groundbreaking applications in visual stress mapping and damage detection. However, their use in fibers remains relatively unexplored. In this study, a mechanoresponsive polymer is synthesized by incorporating a spiropyran (SP) mechanophore into a polyurethane backbone. Based on this mechanoresponsive polyurethane, mechanochromic fibers are fabricated via solution spinning. The fibers exhibits a clear color change from colorless to blue when subjected to external tensile stress or ultraviolet irradiation, triggered by the activation of the SP mechanophore. Furthermore, the mechanical sensitivity of the fibers can be tailored by adjusting the orientation of the polymer chains through hot stretching. Fibers subjected to higher pre-stretching during post-processing displayed a mechanochromic response at lower strain levels. Various pre-stretched fibers are then made into a barcode, which exhibits distinct dynamic information via color change during stretching. The innovative application of function fibers, capable of storing information through mechanochromic response, offers a novel approach to the development of anti-counterfeit fibers. Materials science ; Spiropyran ; Polymer ; Polyurethane ; Photochromism ; Characterization (materials science) ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Spinning ; Composite material ; Nanotechnology Polydiacetylene-based materials and applications ; Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications ; Liquid Crystal Research Advancements
Authors: Hoàng Văn Ngọc
Source: Royal Society Open Science (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

CO- and H <sub>2</sub> S-adsorbed one-dimensional AlSi structures for gas sensing applications The potential applications of low-dimensional materials continue to inspire significant interest among researchers worldwide. This study investigates the properties of one-dimensional AlSi monolayers, specifically AlSi nanoribbons, and their adsorption behaviour with CO and H<sub>2</sub>S molecules. The electronic, magnetic and optical properties of these systems are calculated using density functional theory and the Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package. Results indicate that the structures remain relatively planar with negligible buckling heights. All three studied structures exhibit non-zero magnetic moments; notably, CO adsorption enhances the magnetic moment of the pristine AlSi nanoribbon, whereas H<sub>2</sub>S adsorption reduces it. Adsorption energy calculations reveal that CO exhibits stronger adsorption compared to H<sub>2</sub>S. Furthermore, a detailed investigation of the optical properties-including the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function, absorption coefficient and electron-hole density-demonstrates the potential of these structures in nanotechnology applications, particularly for CO and H<sub>2</sub>S gas sensing. Adsorption ; Magnetic moment ; Materials science ; Density functional theory ; Monolayer ; Planar ; Ab initio ; Moment (physics) ; Dielectric function ; Absorption (acoustics) ; Molecule ; Dielectric ; Condensed matter physics ; Nanotechnology ; Physical chemistry ; Computational chemistry ; Chemistry ; Physics ; Optoelectronics ; Composite material ; Computer science Graphene research and applications ; 2D Materials and Applications ; MXene and MAX Phase Materials
Authors: Yingxin Liu | Butuo Li | Linlin Wang
Source: Cancer Nanotechnology (article, 2025-09-26)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Potential applications of metal-based nanomaterials in tumor radiotherapy: from x-ray to particle therapies The integration of radiotherapy (RT) with nanotechnology has emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing cancer treatment efficacy. While RT remains a cornerstone in oncology, challenges such as tumor hypoxia, radioresistance, and off-target toxicity limit its therapeutic potential. Metal-based nanoparticles (MNPs), including gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), bismuth (Bi), gadolinium (Gd), and iron oxide, have gained increasing attention for their ability to enhance radiation dose deposition, amplify reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby improving RT outcomes. In parallel, MNPs have demonstrated potential in advanced particle therapies, such as proton and heavy-ion treatments, where their high atomic number properties optimize dose distribution and linear energy transfer (LET) effects. Several MNPs, including NBTXR3 (hafnium oxide) and AGuIX (gadolinium-based), have advanced to clinical trials. They have shown improved radiosensitization and immune activation. This review examines the intersection of MNPs and RT, focusing on how they increase radiation effects on tumors. It covers recent progress, main challenges in clinical use, and ways to improve MNP-based RT. Finally, we discuss the future prospects of integrating MNPs into precision oncology, highlighting the need for standardized evaluation protocols and interdisciplinary collaboration to fully realize their clinical potential. Cancer treatment ; Bismuth ; Nanoparticle ; Nanomedicine ; Nanomaterials ; Radiation therapy ; Cancer therapy Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics ; Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
Authors: M Kalaiyarasi | S. Karthi | M. Suganthi | Rathinam Muniraj | S. Saravanan | K. Karunanithi
Source: E3S Web of Conferences (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Nanotech for Sustainable Afforestation: Enhancing Soil, Water, and Plant Systems This paper investigates the use of nanomaterials in soil enhancement, water management, and plant growth optimization for sustainable afforestation. Here, the development of nano-fertilizers with controlled nutrient release, the application of nanomaterials for soil remediation, and the implementation of smart irrigation systems equipped with nano sensors are discussed. Additionally, this paper examines how nanotechnology contributes to improving photosynthetic efficiency and enhancing stress tolerance in plants, showcasing its potential for maximizing the success of afforestation initiatives. The synthesis of current research provides valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and environmental stakeholders involved in advancing afforestation practices through nanotechnology. Afforestation ; Environmental science ; Agroforestry ; Agricultural engineering ; Engineering Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; Polymer-Based Agricultural Enhancements ; Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications
Authors: Shiyin Ji | Chuanliang Zhao | Xiuhua Ji | Cong Gu | Y. Zhang | Xin Chen | Tao Duan | Tianhua Ju | Changzhong Liao
Source: Frontiers in Environmental Science (review, 2025-09-15)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Substitution mechanisms of zirconolite for nuclear waste form: a mini review Zirconolite waste forms are advanced ceramic materials for the immobilisation of HLW, particularly actinides. This paper presents a systematic review of seven common substitution mechanisms of nuclear wastes in zirconolite, categorized into two types: charge-compensated substitution and direct substitution. For those substitution modes, three primary phase evolution pathways were identified: i zirconolite-2M to zirconolite-4M and/or to pyrochlore; ii zirconolite-2M to zirconolite-3O; iii zirconolite-2M to zirconolite-3T. The formation of zirconolite-3T or zirconolite-4M as intermediate phases is typically influenced by substitution behaviour, preparation conditions, or fabrication methods. Additionally, the substitution mechanisms of actinides (or REE analogue) in zirconolite were systematically investigated, corresponding to the seven substitution designs. Notably, the preferential occupation of An/REE in Ca sites was verified at simultaneous direct substitution in both Ca and Zr sites. Whilst extensive studies has explored An/REE substitution mechanisms in zirconolite and identified phase evolution pathways to zirconolite-3O, -3T, -4M, and pyrochlore, the substitution behaviour, radiation stability and chemical durability of these defect-fluorite derivatives warrant further systematic investigation. Zirconolite ; Substitution (logic) ; Actinide ; Phase (matter) ; Radioactive waste ; Substitution reaction Nuclear materials and radiation effects ; Radioactive element chemistry and processing ; Nuclear Materials and Properties
Authors: Della Grace Thomas Parambi | Stephanus J. Cloete | Sunil Kumar | Tariq G. Alsahli | Arafa Musa | Sumera Qasim | Muzammil Kabi̇er | Sachithra Thazhathuveedu Sudevan | Saranya Kattil Parmbil | Anél Petzer | Jacobus P. Petzer | Bijo Mathew
Source: Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design (article, 2025-09-19)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Assembling of phenyl substituted halogens in the C3-position of substituted isatins by mono wave assisted synthesis: development of a new class of monoamine oxidase inhibitors Isatin ; Monoamine oxidase ; Hydrogen bond ; Selectivity ; Enzyme ; Dissociation constant ; Monoamine oxidase B ; Docking (animal) Synthesis and Biological Evaluation ; Structural and Chemical Analysis of Organic and Inorganic Compounds ; Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Authors: Indah Yulia Ningsih | Mochammad Amrun Hidayat | Bambang Kuswandi | Tristiana Erawati
Source: Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Preparation and characterization of bacterial cellulose film using coconut water and Lentilactobacillus parafarraginis by the casting method Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural biomaterial formed by bacteria. It has distinctive properties and enormous utilization in various fields. The present study focused on BC film preparation using Lentilactobacillus parafarraginis and coconut water as a fermentation medium. This study aimed to characterize BC with variations in coconut water storage and fermentation time. The coconut water was kept for 1 and 2 days, then fermented for 5, 7, and 9 days. The dry BC film was produced by the casting method. Besides characterization, BC films were also analyzed for their morphology based on Fourier transformed infra-Red, X-ray diffraction spectra, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy images. The result showed that BC film with 2 days storage time of coconut water and 9 days fermentation time (BC29) possessed the best properties. It exhibited high wet weight (126.50 ± 0.24 g) and wet thickness (6.83 ± 0.18 mm) with pH, water vapor transmission, and moisture content value of 5.89 ± 0.01, 387.81 ± 0.35 g/m2, and 6.12% ± 0.13%, respectively. The BC film showed a high swelling degree (125.64% ± 0.25%) and mechanical strength (tensile strength of 13.52 ± 0.01 mPa, elongation at break of 35.81% ± 0.03%, and Young’s modulus of 99.08 ± 0.04 mPa). The result suggested that BC film can be developed as a new biomaterial with lower cost and better properties than existing films. Characterization (materials science) ; Casting ; Cellulose ; Materials science ; Chromatography ; Pulp and paper industry ; Chemistry ; Composite material ; Engineering ; Nanotechnology ; Organic chemistry Advanced Cellulose Research Studies ; Enzyme Production and Characterization ; Biopolymer Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Lü Li | Wei Wu | Jian Le | Yi Lü
Source: Pharmaceutical Fronts (article, 2025-05-21)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

The Quality Control of Micro- and Nanomedicines: Compliance with Regulatory Guidelines Abstract Carrier-based micro- and nanomedicines, such as microspheres, liposomes, and micelles, offer enhanced benefits over traditional medications, including improved bioavailability, targeted delivery, and reduced toxicity. Unlike conventional drugs, the particle size, shape, surface charge, and surface chemical properties of carrier-based micro/nanomedicines are key factors in determining their efficacy and toxicity. Even minor deviations in their preparation can significantly impact their in vivo performance. Therefore, the quality control of carrier-based micro/nanomedicines is more complicated than for conventional drugs. Regulatory authorities from the United States and China have established guidelines for their quality assessment. These guidelines categorize quality indicators into basic characteristics such as pH, viscosity, microbial limits, and nano-specific characteristics, including particle size, morphology, and stability. This review summarizes the significance and methodologies for evaluating these characteristics based on pharmacopeias and guidelines, emphasizing the distinct quality control requirements for different types of carrier-based micro- and nanomedicines. Quality (philosophy) ; Bioavailability ; Risk analysis (engineering) ; Nanotechnology ; Biochemical engineering ; Materials science ; Pharmacology ; Medicine ; Engineering Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems ; Advanced Drug Delivery Systems