jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Chonghui Tang | Jin Xu | Zhao Yu | Qiang Zhou | Tianmiao Sun | Peng Lai | Hongzao Ni
Source: Arabian Journal of Chemistry (article, 2026-02-16)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Engineering modified manganese dioxide nanozymes with neuroprotective properties for potential stroke therapy We developed lactoferrin (Lf)-coated MnO 2 nanozymes loaded with insoluble resveratrol (RVL) to enhance blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration and targeted drug delivery. The MnO 2 @RVL@Lf nanozymes (20–60 nm) exhibited drug-loading efficiency of 52.4% in 40 μg∙mL -1 RVL concentrations, controlled RVL release (69.8% under hypoxia), and oxygen generation (10.1 mg∙mL -1 ). In vivo studies demonstrated reduced brain malondialdehyde (16.56 vs. 21.30 for RVL alone) without systemic toxicity, as evidenced by stable liver/kidney enzymes [Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] and preserved organ histology. The nanozymes also downregulated pro-inflammatory factors [Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-2 beta (IL-2β), Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)] while upregulating anti-inflammatory IL-10, promoting neuroregeneration. Improved motor function, learning, and reduced cerebral edema further confirmed therapeutic efficacy. Overall, MnO 2 @RVL@Lf nanozymes mitigate ischemic stroke damage by combating oxidative stress, suppressing inflammation, and protecting neurons, highlighting their potential for stroke therapy. Neuroprotection ; Malondialdehyde ; Alkaline phosphatase ; Reactive oxygen species ; Manganese ; Oxidative stress Advanced Nanomaterials in Catalysis ; Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics ; Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
Authors: Shuo Li | Hengrui Wu | Jianqi Deng | Qiyu Sun | Yuping Zhang | Cai Zhang | Jinbin Pan | D. Liu | Xuejun Zhang | Quan Zou | Xiaoyuan Chen | Shao‐Kai Sun
Source: Advanced Science (article, 2026-01-31)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Gram‐Scale Synthesis of Hafnium‐Rich Carbon Dots for Preclinical Computed Tomography Imaging Across Various Systems Hafnium (Hf) has emerged as a promising element for next-generation computed tomography (CT) contrast agents owing to its high X-ray attenuation coefficient and favorable biocompatibility. However, scalable synthesis of Hf-based imaging probes with sufficiently high metal content for large-animal preclinical studies remains challenging. Here, we report a facile air-assisted pyrolysis strategy for the gram-scale synthesis of Hf-rich carbon dots (Hf-rCDs). The resulting Hf-rCDs exhibit a high Hf content (40.7%), robust batch productivity (>2 g per batch), ultra-small hydrodynamic size (∼3.2 nm), excellent aqueous solubility (up to 600 mg mL<sup>-</sup> <sup>1</sup>; 244 mg Hf mL<sup>-</sup> <sup>1</sup>), and superior X-ray attenuation performance. Importantly, Hf-rCDs demonstrate rapid renal clearance within 2 h post-injection, supporting a favorable biosafety profile. In vivo CT imaging reveals outstanding contrast enhancement across multiple physiological systems, including the circulatory, urinary, gastrointestinal, and lymphatic systems. Notably, Hf-rCDs enable high-resolution visualization of cervical vasculature in swine, highlighting their strong translational potential. Collectively, these results establish Hf-rCDs as a compelling alternative to conventional iodine-based contrast agents for advanced CT imaging. Attenuation ; Optical coherence tomography ; In vivo ; Attenuation coefficient ; Preclinical imaging ; Computed tomography ; Nanoparticle Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications ; Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics ; Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials
Authors: Kamel Earar | Ciprian Adrian Dinu | Marius Valeriu Hînganu | Gabriela Leață | Corneliu Munteanu | Cristian Constantin Budacu
Source: Diagnostics (article, 2026-04-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Predictive In Vitro Diagnostic Screening of Strontium-Enriched Biodegradable Mg–Ca Alloys for Emerging Dental Applications Background: Biodegradable magnesium-based alloys are increasingly explored as emerging biomaterials for dental and maxillofacial applications due to their osteoconductive properties and potential to reduce long-term implant-related complications. However, early-stage evaluation requires predictive diagnostic screening methods capable of assessing cytocompatibility and cellular response under clinically relevant extract conditions. Objectives: In this study, Mg–0.5Ca alloys modified with increasing strontium concentrations (0.5–3 wt.%) were investigated through an in vitro diagnostic framework using MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. Methods: Cell viability was quantitatively assessed via MTT assays after 24 and 72 h of exposure, while fluorescence-based live-cell imaging provided complementary morphological insights. Results: demonstrated a composition-associated cytocompatibility profile, with Sr-enriched compositions showing improved cellular metabolic activity and adhesion patterns compared to lower-Sr compositions. Conclusions: These findings support the role of strontium as a functional alloying element and highlight the importance of standardized diagnostic screening workflows for emerging dental biomaterials. Overall, this study proposes a simplified predictive platform for early biocompatibility diagnostics, contributing to the integration of biomaterial evaluation into future digitalized dental regeneration workflows. Biocompatibility ; Biomaterial ; Biocompatible material ; Materials testing ; Workflow ; Predictive value ; Viability assay Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications ; Bone Tissue Engineering Materials ; Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties
Authors: Muhammed Ali Solak | İdris Gökalp | Yasin Akgül | Yavuz Sun | Alper Incesu
Source: International Journal of Metalcasting (article, 2026-01-20)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Li-ALLOYED Mg–Zn–Ca Systems’ Phase Structure Modification, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Performance Abstract Magnesium–lithium (Mg–Li) binary alloys have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their exceptionally low density and high specific strength. Lithium, with a density of 0.58 g/cm 3 , is lighter than magnesium, making Mg–Li alloys highly attractive for aerospace, defense, and additive manufacturing applications where weight reduction is critical. The mechanical properties of Mg–Li alloys are strongly dependent on their crystal structure, which varies with lithium content and can exist in hexagonal close-packed (HCP), body-centered cubic (BCC), or dual-phase (HCP + BCC) forms. Additional alloying with calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn), either individually or in combination, can further enhance mechanical performance. In the present study, three Mg–Li–Zn–Ca alloys—LZX110, LZX420, and LZX920—were produced via permanent mold casting following ASTM standards, with fixed Zn and Ca contents. LZX110 consisted solely of the α-Mg(Li) HCP phase, while LZX920 was composed entirely of the β-Li(Mg) BCC phase. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) analyses revealed that LZX420 exhibited a dual-phase structure containing both α-Mg(Li) and β-Li(Mg) phases. Zn and Ca were found to dissolve within the matrix phases, contributing to solid solution strengthening without forming distinct secondary phases. Hardness increased with Li content, with average values of 50.92 HV, 66.68 HV, and 73.56 HV for LZX110, LZX420, and LZX920, respectively. LZX920 exhibited the highest yield strength (195 MPa) and ultimate tensile strength (196 MPa), whereas LZX420 demonstrated the greatest ductility (13.5%). Overall, the dual-phase LZX420 alloy provided an optimal balance of strength and ductility, making it a promising candidate for lightweight structural applications. Ultimate tensile strength ; Ductility (Earth science) ; Alloy ; Scanning electron microscope ; Casting ; Phase (matter) ; Solid solution strengthening ; Indentation hardness ; Structural material Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications ; Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties ; Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis
Authors: Suphalak Khamruang Marshall | Wuttipat Wattanaphonpinich
Source: International Journal of Molecular Sciences (article, 2026-03-11)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Radiolytic Synthesis of Chitosan-Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles via Electron Beam Irradiation for Enhanced Antibacterial Activity Against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Antimicrobial resistance is a major global health threat, creating an urgent need for effective non-antibiotic antimicrobial strategies. In this study, CS-AgNPs were synthesized by electron-beam radiolysis, providing a clean, dose-controllable route that avoids additional chemical reducing agents. The effects of irradiation dose and chitosan concentration on nanoparticle formation, physicochemical properties, and antibacterial activity were systematically evaluated. Spectroscopic and structural analyses confirmed the formation of highly crystalline, face-centered cubic silver nanoparticles uniformly dispersed within the chitosan matrix, with Ag-polymer coordination involving -NH<sub>2</sub> and -OH functional groups. Under the optimal conditions (8 kGy, 0.06 mmol AgNO<sub>3</sub>, and 0.05% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> chitosan), ultrasmall, well-dispersed CS-AgNPs were obtained, with an average size of 5.30 ± 2.01 nm and high phase purity. Antibacterial evaluation demonstrated potent, concentration-dependent activity against both Gram-positive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Gram-negative <i>Escherichia coli</i>, with low minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MIC/MBC = 1.96 µg/mL). These findings define a clear structure-property-activity relationship and support a synergistic antibacterial effect between nanosilver and chitosan, while maintaining favorable in vitro cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility within the effective concentration range. Overall, electron-beam radiolysis represents a promising scalable platform for producing broad-spectrum antimicrobial nanomaterials with potential utility in addressing antimicrobial resistance. Antibacterial activity ; Chitosan ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Radiolysis ; Antimicrobial ; Escherichia coli ; Minimum inhibitory concentration Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics ; Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Christian Goldiș | Nicoleta Anamaria Paşcalău | Roxana Racoviceanu | Tamara Maksimović | Mihaela Jorgovan | Elisabeta P. Atyim | Oana Bătrîna | Marius Mioc | Codruța Șoica
Source: Molecules (article, 2026-04-11)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Rare-Earth Elements at the Interface of Chemistry and Cancer Therapy Rare-earth elements (REEs), which include the entire lanthanide series together with scandium and yttrium, have unique electronic configurations and coordination chemical properties that provide them with special magnetic, optical, and redox abilities. Generally used for diagnostic imaging and theranostic applications, increasing evidence emphasizes their potential as direct anticancer agents. This review aims to present a thorough investigation of the studies published in the last ten years that focus on the intrinsic anticancer properties of REE-based molecular complexes and nanostructures, without discussing their recognized imaging functions. Rare-earth compounds exhibit selective cytotoxicity against malignant cells via mechanisms that mainly include modulations in the generation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunctions, interaction with DNA molecules, apoptosis, and ferroptosis induction, as well as radiosensitization. Molecular complexes that are based on the trivalent coordination chemistry of REEs enable them to target biomolecules like DNA and serum albumin. Nanostructured systems, on the other hand, render tumors more responsive to treatment by improving the cellular uptake, enabling surface functionalization, and controlling ROS generation. Terbium, thulium, yttrium, scandium, ytterbium, cerium, erbium, dysprosium, and europium show different levels of anticancer activity in both in vitro and in vivo cancer models. They often exert more toxicity in tumor cells than in normal tissues, thus exhibiting selective anticancer effects. The findings collectively underscore the therapeutic potential of REE-based compounds as novel metal-based anticancer agents and advocate for additional mechanistic and translational research to enhance their clinical applicability. Biomolecule ; Cancer therapy ; Reactive oxygen species ; Cancer cell ; Cancer ; Europium ; Cytotoxicity ; DNA Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes ; Metal complexes synthesis and properties ; Cancer Research and Treatment
Authors: Vivek Kashyap | Kyle E.O. Foster | Ashten Vogelsberg | Alaina LaPanse | Stephen D. Bell | John R. Hottle | Greeshma Gadikota | Vaibhav Upadhayay | Kerry Rippy
Source: Frontiers in Energy Research (article, 2026-02-17)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Characterization and effects of impurities on carbonate quantification in heterogenous matrices Mineral carbonation simulates a natural weathering phenomena by breaking down silicates and oxides to form Ca &amp;amp; Mg carbonates. Various mineralization methods have been demonstrated as a potential technique to improve the quality of slags and tailings through neutralization and stabilization of problematic species to yield a product better suited for use in concrete. This study aims to characterize, quantify and analyze carbonates in various carbonated products such as mineralized CaCO 3 , CO 2 mineralized Steel Slags and Mine Tailings. More than 10 samples were analyzed for carbonate measurement and verification from industrial and academic partners that pioneer commercial CO 2 mineralization technologies. The samples were characterized primarily by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analyses (TGA), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to gain insights into CaCO 3 content. A baseline characterization of lab-grade CaCO 3 and MgCO 3 also revealed important considerations for CaCO 3 measurement using TGA alone. The experiments using synthetic lab-grade samples also revealed that the presence of MgCO 3 /MgO can accelerate the decomposition of CaCO 3 and thus can affect measurement parameters. Lab-grade CaCO 3 samples dosed into steel slag and mine tailing also showed significant deviation in their decomposition behavior. These insights are used to inform the development of a standardized protocol for the measurement and verification of carbonate-bearing products. Tailings ; Carbonation ; Thermogravimetric analysis ; Carbonate ; Mineralization (soil science) ; Decomposition ; Carbonate minerals ; Impurity Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition ; CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions ; Concrete and Cement Materials Research
Authors: Haider Sultan | Mukerrem Atalay Oral | Gülşah BENGİSU | Reşat Esgici | Mohammad Faizan | Abdulrahman A. Alatar | Changli Zeng | Mohammad Faisal
Source: Frontiers in Plant Science (article, 2026-03-05)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Cerium oxide nanoparticles enhance rice productivity by modulating nitric oxide signaling, carbon metabolism, and potassium homeostasis under chromium-induced environmental stress Chromium (Cr) contamination in agricultural soils represents a serious challenge to rice productivity and food security, underscoring the need for innovative approaches to improve Cr-tolerance and alleviate its detrimental effects on plant growth and development. Recently, nanotechnology has been increasingly used to improve the tolerance of plants exposed to metal stress. In view of the beneficial roles of nanoparticles in mitigating metal stress in plants, this study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO<sub>2</sub> NPs) in alleviating Cr-induced toxicity in rice plants. Chromium stress (100 µM) and CeO<sub>2</sub> NPs (100 ppm) were applied at the seed stage by soaking the seeds in their respective solutions for 12 h prior to sowing. Chromium stress markedly increased the contents of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) by 67%, hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) by 62%, superoxide anion (O<sub>2</sub>•<sup>-</sup>) by 58%, and methylglyoxal (MG) by 63% compared with control plants. In contrast, Cr stress significantly reduced the concentrations of starch (51%), sucrose synthase (49%), amylase (68%), chlorophyll (69%), and RuBisCO (67%). However, the application of CeO<sub>2</sub> NPs markedly enhanced plant growth and biomass accumulation, alleviated oxidative stress, and stimulated antioxidant enzyme activities in rice plants subjected to Cr stress. Overall, these results demonstrate that the application of CeO<sub>2</sub> effectively alleviates Cr-induced stress in rice plants and offers promising prospects for advancing NP-based phytoremediation strategies. Sucrose synthase ; Oxidative stress ; Biomass (ecology) ; Hydrogen peroxide ; Chromium ; Antioxidant ; Starch ; Nitrate reductase ; Catalase Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance ; Advanced Nanomaterials in Catalysis
Authors: Yalin Bian | Ying Feng | Yifei Liu | Guilai Yin | Fangji Liu | Zhuo Liu | Jian Song | Pengfei Zhang | Xilin Wang
Source: Frontiers in Materials (article, 2026-03-04)
Field: Materials Science — Ceramics and Composites

Room-temperature rapid fabrication of porous ZnO ceramics by flash sintering with carbon electrodes Porous ZnO ceramics with tunable pore structures were prepared in air at room-temperature via flash sintering using the pore-former method in conjunction with a flash sintering device based on a carbon electrode structure. By employing various amounts of basic zinc carbonate as the pore-former, ceramics with adjustable porosity were obtained. The results showed that as the content of basic zinc carbonate increased, both the sample porosity and average pore size increased significantly; at high contents, millimeter-scale macropores and well-developed mesoporous structures were achieved. Flash sintering enabled rapid densification within a very short time, demonstrating high efficiency and energy-saving advantages. Mechanical property tests indicated that increased porosity led to decreases in Vickers hardness and fracture toughness. This study applies the room-temperature flash sintering technology to porous ceramic materials, expanding the application scope of the room-temperature flash sintering technology and providing a more efficient and energy-saving new method for the preparation of porous ceramic materials. Sintering ; Porosity ; Ceramic ; Flash (photography) ; Fabrication ; Carbon fibers ; Electrode Advanced ceramic materials synthesis ; Electrical and Thermal Properties of Materials ; Microwave Dielectric Ceramics Synthesis
Authors: Guilherme J. Antunes e Sousa | Susana P. Silva | Fabio Rafael Otheguy Fernandes | Ricardo J. Alves de Sousa
Source: Applied Composite Materials (article, 2026-04-11)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Cork-Based Composite Materials for Multifunctional Engineering Applications: Processing, Performance and Research Challenges Cork-based composite materials have emerged as multifunctional, lightweight, and environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional polymer foams in engineering applications requiring energy absorption, thermal insulation, and damage tolerance. This review provides a critical synthesis of advances in cork composites reported between 2015 and 2025, including additive manufacturing approaches, bio-based polymer systems, and impact-resistant structural configurations. Following PRISMA guidelines, 54 peer-reviewed articles were selected from Scopus and Web of Science and analysed using a process-structure-property framework. Cork integration reliably reduces density, provides thermal insulation, and improves damping in fused deposition modelling, stereolithography, and extrusion-based cementitious printing, however, at high cork loadings, printability and interfacial strength suffer. Hybridisation with biodegradable polymers, natural fibres, aerogels, and bio-resins increases acoustic, fire, and moisture-buffering performance in bio-based composite systems, but at the expense of stiffness, durability, and resistance to environmental ageing. Impact-oriented studies indicate that cork-based cores can outperform certain synthetic foams (e.g. EPS or PVC) under low-velocity and repeated impact, particularly in terms of energy absorption and recovery behaviour. Advanced hybrid concepts incorporating shear-thickening fluids and architected layers have been shown to extend performance limits. Despite these advances, major challenges remain, such as a lack of industrial-scale demonstrations, poor understanding of long-term durability under ultraviolet radiation, humidity, and thermal cycling, and a lack of standardised life-cycle assessment frameworks. This review identifies key research priorities necessary to propel cork composites from laboratory-scale development to reliable, high-performance engineering solutions, positioning cork not only as a sustainable substitute but also as an enabler for next-generation multifunctional composite systems in mobility, construction, aerospace, and energy applications. Composite number ; Advanced composite materials ; Materials testing ; Characterization (materials science) Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties ; Tribology and Wear Analysis ; Epoxy Resin Curing Processes
Authors: Joshua P. Smith | R. N. B. Smith | Thomas M. Roseveare | Dominic Bara | Alexander J. R. Thom | Ross S. Forgan | Mark R. Warren | Anna J. Warren | Robin L. Owen | L. Brammer
Source: Angewandte Chemie International Edition (article, 2026-01-18)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Multi‐Crystal X‐Ray Diffraction (MCXRD) Bridges the Crystallographic Characterisation Gap in Chemistry and Materials Science: Application to MOFs Structure determination by X-ray diffraction is limited by crystal size and can be compromised by radiation damage when using very intense X-ray radiation. X-ray structure determination from partial diffraction data sets combined from multiple crystals is a potential solution, but its exploitation in chemistry and materials science is largely unrealized. Here we report the use of synchrotron radiation for multi-crystal X-ray diffraction (MCXRD) adapted for structure determination of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials with crystal dimensions too small for conventional single-crystal diffraction studies. We further show that radiation-induced chemical changes and degradation of diffraction quality can be alleviated. Our approach encompasses both rotation- and stationary-MCXRD measurements for 10 to 1000s of crystals with software-optimized combination of the multiple data sets. We report the crystal structures of six MOFs: MOF-919(Sc/Cu), MET-2, MIL-88B(Cr)-1,4-NDC, PCN-260(Sc), UiO-66, and UiO-66-MoO<sub>4</sub> with unit cell dimensions ranging from 18-114 Å and crystal sizes from 0.5-480 µm<sup>3</sup>. This approach can address the challenges of structure determination in a regime of particle size and sample radiation sensitivity that lies between existing single-crystal X-ray diffraction and the emerging field of electron diffraction. MCXRD can provide accurate atomic-resolution structure determination for some of the most challenging cases in chemistry and materials science. Diffraction ; Crystal structure ; X-ray crystallography ; Electron diffraction ; Synchrotron radiation ; Crystal (programming language) ; Synchrotron Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications ; X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography ; Thermal Expansion and Ionic Conductivity