jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Daniel Vavřı́k | Vjačeslav Georgiev | Jan Jakubek | Bohuslav Mašek | O. Urban | Jan Šleichrt | Daniel Kytýř
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2025-08-28)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Transmission energy dispersive X-ray diffraction as a tool for the laboratory study of fast processes in metals In this work, an in-situ study of phase transitions in low-carbon steel is presented. The phase changes were monitored by the transmission energy dispersive X-ray diffraction technique during the heating, annealing and quenching cycle of the sample under standard laboratory conditions. During energy dispersive X-ray diffraction, the sample volume was transmitted with a pencil beam generated by a standard polychromatic X-ray tube without any spectral filtering. Two-dimensional polychromatic diffraction images were acquired by a Timepix 3 pixelated detector. This detector is capable of achieving a throughput of up to 38 Mhits/s in continuous stream mode using USB 3.0 interface. For each detected photon, its position is known with an accuracy of 55 µm in the detector plane and its energy with a resolution of 4 keV at 60 keV. The recorded polychromatic data is then recomputed to get the equivalent monochromatic XRD pattern that would be produced using a monochromatic X-ray source. Thanks to the 90 kV voltage potential of the X-ray tube, the polychromatic pencil beam was able to pass through a highly attenuating sample made of 1.5 thick steel sheet. In addition, by utilizing the entire X-ray spectrum, the pencil beam has a sufficiently high brilliance to obtain XRD patterns rapidly enough to investigate relatively fast processes with temporal resolution of 10 s. It made to possible to analyze the phase transitions in a polycrystalline sample during its temperature treatment under standard laboratory conditions. Transmission (telecommunications) ; Diffraction ; X-ray crystallography ; Energy (signal processing) ; Computer science ; Materials science ; Optics ; Telecommunications ; Physics X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography ; Nuclear Physics and Applications ; Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels
Authors: Bowen Shen | Leena R. Pade | Fei Zhou | Péter Nemes
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2025-05-12)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Subcellular Mass Spectrometry Reveals Proteome Remodeling in an Asymmetrically Dividing (Frog) Embryonic Stem Cell Subcellular proteomics holds the potential to reveal the molecular architecture of cellular processes with unprecedented spatial resolution. Performing these analyses deeply, at the level of hundreds to thousands of proteins in subcellular resolution, is a high and still unmet technical need. Here, we advance microprobe capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) to achieve deep proteomic coverage-quantifying over 1,000 proteins within opposing poles of an asymmetrically dividing embryonic stem cell (blastomere). We integrated CE-electrospray ionization (CE-ESI) with trapped ion mobility spectrometry time-of-flight (timsTOF) MS, implementing data-independent acquisition (DIA) via parallel accumulation-serial fragmentation (diaPASEF). This CE-diaPASEF workflow identified 1,035 proteins from ∼200 pg of proteome digest, equivalent to ∼80% of the HeLa cell's content, with high reproducibility (coefficient of variation <15% across technical triplicates). With microprobe sampling, this technology quantified 808 to 1,022 proteins in opposing poles of a dorsal-animal (D1) blastomere in the 8-cell <i>Xenopus laevis</i> embryo. Comparative proteomic analysis of the D1 blastomere and its descendants-the dorsal-animal-midline (D11) and dorsal-animal-lateral (D12) cells-revealed diverse molecular outcomes of asymmetric division: some protein profiles remained conserved, while others underwent significant or even reversed changes as these lineages descended into neural tissue and epidermal trajectories. Ultraviolet light-induced ventralization was performed to help disentangle subcellular gradients from dorsal-ventral patterning. Collectively, this work establishes microprobe CE-diaPASEF as a powerful platform for deep subcellular proteomics, enabling new insights into spatial proteome organization during key developmental processes. Embryonic stem cell ; Proteome ; Cell biology ; Stem cell ; Biology ; Proteomics ; Cell ; Chemistry ; Computational biology ; Biochemistry ; Gene Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
Authors: H. J. Yang | Xu-Heng Sun | Hongjing Jiang | Jiandong Li | Jierong Liang | Zhanyi Lin
Source: Journal of Biological Engineering (article, 2025-05-28)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Serum-free endothelial cell culture medium for vascular smooth muscle cells sheet formation SFM facilitates the generation of cell sheets that exhibit structural and functional properties analogous to those cultured in FBS. Additionally, SFM promotes cellular phenotype transition and ECM deposition. Consequently, SFM provides a safer, more controllable, and clinically translatable solution for cell sheet construction. Cell biology ; Smooth muscle ; Vascular smooth muscle ; Cell culture ; Chemistry ; Endothelial stem cell ; Biology ; Medicine ; Internal medicine ; Biochemistry ; In vitro Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications ; Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer ; Mesenchymal stem cell research
Authors: Vasudevan Alagumalai | V S Rajamanickam | Heba G. Mohamed | Irfan Anjum Badruddin | Muhammad Nasir Bashir | Rhoda Afriyie Mensah
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2025-07-19)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Optimisation of areca nut husk-derived cellulose nanofibers for enhancing the mechanical properties of epoxy composites using response surface methodology Areca nut husk, a widely available yet underutilised agro-waste, is explored in this study as a novel and sustainable source of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), addressing both environmental concerns and the growing demand for bio-based reinforcements in polymer composites. CNFs were extracted using alkali and bleaching treatments followed by ultrasonication, yielding fibres with a mean diameter of 35.84 nm. Epoxy composites were fabricated with CNF loadings ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 wt%, while key processing parameters, including mixing time (10-30 min) and curing temperature (60-100 °C), were optimised using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on a Box-Behnken Design. The developed regression models exhibited high predictive accuracy, with R<sup>2</sup> values of 99.63% for tensile strength and 99.80% for flexural strength. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) identified CNF content as the most influential factor (F = 934.48 and 1646.71 for tensile and flexural strength, respectively), followed by mixing time and curing temperature. Optimised conditions of approximately 1.5 wt% CNF, 22 min mixing, and 80 °C curing yielded experimentally validated tensile and flexural strengths of 61.88 MPa and 74.36 MPa, respectively, deviating by only 5.27% and 2.76% from model predictions. These results confirm the effectiveness of process-optimised CNF incorporation in enhancing mechanical performance and highlight the potential of areca nut husk as a viable, high-performance bio-reinforcement for next-generation green composites. Husk ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Materials science ; Response surface methodology ; Composite material ; Flexural strength ; Epoxy ; Curing (chemistry) ; Cellulose ; Areca ; Hemicellulose ; Box–Behnken design ; Nanofiber ; Nut ; Mathematics ; Chemistry ; Structural engineering Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Advanced Cellulose Research Studies ; Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications
Authors: Mathias Poline | Arnaud Dochain | Stefan Rosén | MingChao Ji | H. Cederquist | Henning Zettergren | H. T. Schmidt | Mats Larsson | Shaun G. Ard | Nicholas S. Shuman | Albert A. Viggiano | Richard Thomas
Source: Nature Communications (article, 2025-09-26)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Vibrationally-dependent molecular dynamics in mutual neutralisation reactions of molecular oxygen ions Product distributions and dynamics of low-collision-energy mutual neutralisation reactions involving even simple molecular ions are largely unknown. Reactions which involve oxygen ions, e.g., <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> with O<sup>-</sup>, are expected to be important in atmospheric phenomena such as sprites and in high-pressure air or oxygen discharges. Here we show, by combining cryogenically stored-and-merged ion beams with coincident product-imaging techniques, that the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> with O<sup>-</sup> mutual neutralisation reaction results predominantly in dissociation of the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> molecule. Three competing reaction pathways yields both O(<sup>3</sup>P) (84%) and O(<sup>1</sup>D) (16%) products, but no O(<sup>1</sup>S) products. Analysis of the momentum-correlated dynamics of the reaction reveals the dominance of two-step mechanisms involving the 3pλ<sub>u</sub> and 3sσ<sub>g</sub> Rydberg states of O<sub>2</sub>. Furthermore, use of the <sup>16,18</sup> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> isotopologue shows that the reaction products strongly depend on the vibrational levels of the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> ion for the channel leading to two O(<sup>1</sup>D) products. Isotopologue ; Ion ; Dissociation (chemistry) ; Oxygen ; Molecular dynamics ; Neutralization ; Reaction dynamics ; Molecular oxygen Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates ; Atomic and Molecular Physics
Authors: Qingrui Song | Tianci Chen | Wei Sun | Mingjian Huang | Yuhang Guo | Yunlong Jiao | Kun Liu | Jiaxin Ye
Source: Journal of The Royal Society Interface (article, 2025-03-01)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Tribological metamaterial: how feathers reduce drag and friction through hidden energy dissipation structures The lateral moving resistance of a liquid droplet on a solid surface generally increases with velocity and is dominated by the non-viscous wetting line friction. Many superhydrophobic man-made and biological surfaces have minimal, nevertheless speed-sensitive, water droplet friction, limiting their potential to reduce drag at high speeds in natural situations. Using an <i>in situ</i> surface force apparatus, we demonstrated low and remarkably speed-insensitive (over 300-fold) water bridge sliding friction on a goose feather vane. Detailed analyses suggest a dominant, hidden energy dissipation channel probably related to the deformation and elastic recovery of feather's characteristic metamaterial-like structure, which also results in feather's speed insensitive (from 0.1 to 1 mm s<sup>-1</sup>) ultra-low dry sliding friction coefficient observed in this study (approx. 0.07). The new insights gained have the potential to motivate novel approaches to the design of all-weather and speed-insensitive low-friction surfaces with practical applications in aviation and lubrication technology. Dissipation ; Drag ; Lubrication ; Materials science ; Tribology ; Mechanics ; Wetting ; Parasitic drag ; Metamaterial ; Mechanical energy ; Underwater ; Composite material ; Nanotechnology ; Physics ; Geology ; Optoelectronics Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity ; Adhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions ; Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
Authors: Pascal Breitenstein | Valery L Visser | Sarah E. Motta | Marcy Martin | Melanie Generali | Frank Frank Baaijens | Sandra Loerakker | Christopher K. Breuer | Simon P. Hoerstrup | Maximilian Y. Emmert
Source: Acta Biomaterialia (review, 2025-03-19)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Modulating biomechanical and integrating biochemical cues to foster adaptive remodeling of tissue engineered matrices for cardiovascular implants Cardiovascular disease remains one of the leading causes of mortality in the Western world. Congenital heart disease affects nearly 1 % of newborns, with approximately one-fourth requiring reconstructive surgery during their lifetime. Current cardiovascular replacement options have significant limitations. Their inability to grow poses particular challenges for pediatric patients. Tissue Engineered Matrix (TEM)-based in situ constructs, with their self-repair and growth potential, offer a promising solution to overcome the limitations of current clinically used replacement options. Various functionalization strategies, involving the integration of biomechanical or biochemical components to enhance biocompatibility, have been developed for Tissue Engineered Vascular Grafts (TEVG) and Tissue Engineered Heart Valves (TEHV) to foster their capacity for in vivo remodeling. In this review, we present the current state of clinical translation for TEVG and TEHV, and provide a comprehensive overview of biomechanical and biochemical functionalization strategies for TEVG and TEHV. We discuss the rationale for functionalization, the implementation of functionalization cues in TEM-based TEVG and TEHV, and the interrelatedness of biomechanical and biochemical cues in the in vivo response. Finally, we address the challenges associated with functionalization and discuss how interdisciplinary research, especially when combined with in silico models, could enhance the translation of these strategies into clinical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cardiovascular disease remains one of the leading causes of mortality, with current replacements being unable to grow and regenerate. In this review, we present the current state of clinical translation for tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVG) and heart valves (TEHV). Particularly, we discuss the rationale and implementation for functionalization cues in tissue engineered matrix-based TEVGs and TEHVs, and for the first time we introduce the interrelatedness of biomechanical and biochemical cues in the in-vivo response. These insights pave the way for next-generation cardiovascular implants that promise better durability, biocompatibility, and growth potential. Finally, we address the challenges associated with functionalization and discuss how interdisciplinary research, especially when combined with in silico models, could enhance the translation of these strategies into clinical applications . Tissue remodeling ; Materials science ; Biomedical engineering ; Cell biology ; Medicine ; Biology ; Internal medicine ; Inflammation Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications ; Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine ; Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
Authors: Tao Song | Wenbin Jin | Fang Cheng | Bo Sun | Wenbin Qiu | Nan Liu | Hongliang Ge | Rui Wang | Huayun Mao
Source: Applied Sciences (article, 2025-06-26)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

A Simulation of the Densification Process of NdFeB Bulks by a Modified Drucker–Prager Cap Model During the sintering process of NdFeB bulks, temperature changes and significant temperature differences between the bulk interior and the surface region will produce high residual stress. Temperature field and stress field prediction during the sintering process is one of the key techniques for analyzing residual stress. Therefore, the sintering process simulation and residual stress prediction of NdFeB bulks under different sintering temperatures were conducted based on the modified Drucker–Prager cap (DPC) model in ABAQUS (ABAQUS 2024). The calculated field cloud charts were analyzed against the microstructure of the bulks observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The finite element analysis (FEA) results of the sintering process and the residual stress show good agreement with SEM morphologies, which validates the accuracy and predictability of the model. The results indicate that cracks predominantly formed in edge regions. As the sintering temperature increased, longitudinal compressive stress at the edge of the cross-section transitioned into tensile stress. These results indicate that the developed simulation framework effectively identifies crack-prone areas, enabling data-driven optimization to reduce experimental trial-and-error costs in engineering applications. Materials science ; Process (computing) ; Mechanical engineering ; Engineering drawing ; Composite material ; Computer science ; Engineering ; Programming language Magnetic Properties of Alloys ; Rare-earth and actinide compounds ; Metallurgical and Alloy Processes
Authors: Mohd Iqbal Misnon | Fatin Nabilah Mohd Rizal | Mohd Zaim Mohd Nor | Mohamad Faizul Yahya
Source: Discover Materials (article, 2025-11-12)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Kenaf fibre valorisation: a comparative study of processing effects on materials properties and yarn conversion potential Abstract This study pioneers a standardised evaluation framework for industrially processed kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) fibres in textile applications, addressing critical gaps in natural fibre characterisation. We rigorously evaluated four kenaf grades—bio-retted (SKM1-BRP), chemically degummed (SKM1-DP), partially retted (SKM2-BGA), and mechanically extracted (SKM3-MG), using ASTM protocols including D5103 for length, D3822 for tensile strength, and D6961 for colour. Our comprehensive assessment quantified carding efficiency, moisture behaviour, density, and yarn conversion potential. The results demonstrate that enzymatic bio-retting (SKM1-BRP) achieves exceptional performance, showing only 21.82% mass loss during carding compared to 71.86% for chemically processed SKM1-DP, along with superior tensile strength (1257 MPa, 4.6 times higher than SKM1-DP) and optimal fibre length (9.7 cm) for producing fine yarns (29–44 Tex). While chemical degumming significantly compromises fibre integrity, mechanical processing emerges as a cost-effective alternative, offering 50–60% savings for technical textile applications despite requiring residual shive management. By establishing clear correlations between processing methods and textile-specific outcomes, this work provides three key contributions: (1) industrial benchmarks for kenaf fibre selection, (2) definitive evidence of enzymatic retting’s superiority for premium yarn production, and (3) actionable strategies to scale sustainable kenaf textiles as viable alternatives to synthetic fibres. These findings advance both the science and practical application of bio-based materials in the textile industry. Kenaf ; Carding ; Yarn ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Textile ; Retting ; Synthetic fiber ; Textile industry Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Textile materials and evaluations ; Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers
Authors: Sergii Kroviakov | Oleh Finohenov | A. V. Ignatenko
Source: Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies (article, 2025-04-30)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

Determining the effect of the amount of polypropylene fiber and plasticizer on the strength and abrasion resistance of concretes for rigid pavement The object of this study is concretes and fiber-reinforced concretes for rigid pavements with polypropylene fiber and lignosulphonate type plasticizer. The task addressed is obtaining concrete with increased strength and wear resistance. Three compositions factors were varied in the experiment conducted according to the D-optimal plan: the amount of cement (300–380 kg/m3), plasticizer based on lignosulfonates (0.6–1.0 %), polypropylene fiber with a fiber length 39 mm (0–3 kg/m3). All concrete mixtures had equal mobility S1. A set of experimental and statistical models was calculated. It was found that with an increase in the amount of plasticizer, the W/C ratio of the mixture decreases by 12–15 %, and the introduction of fiber has a negligible effect on W/C. Due to the use of fiber, the compressive strength of concrete at the design age increases by approximately 3.5 MPa, the early compressive strength practically does not change, the flexural strength increases by 0.5–0.6 MPa, and the abrasion resistance decreases by 0.07–0.08 g/cm2 (17–19 %). The most noticeable changes in these properties occur already with the introduction of fibers in the amount of 2–2.5 kg/m3. Increasing the amount of cement improves the strength and wear resistance of concrete, as well as the efficiency of using dispersed reinforcement. When the amount of plasticizer is increased from 0.6 to 0.9 %, the compressive strength of concrete at the age of 3 days increases by approximately 2 MPa; at the design age, its strength increases by approximately 5 MPa, the flexural strength increases to a limited extent while the abrasion of concrete decreases (wear resistance increases). Due to dispersed reinforcement and the use of a rational amount of plasticizer, concretes of rigid pavements with the required strength and increased wear resistance required for a given road category with reduced binder consumption were obtained, which could be used in practice Plasticizer ; Abrasion (mechanical) ; Materials science ; Composite material ; Polypropylene ; Wear resistance ; Fiber Material Properties and Applications ; Innovative concrete reinforcement materials ; Structural mechanics and materials
Authors: Suman Prakash Pradhan | Bishal Lamsal | Chitra Bahadur Baniya | Hirendra Bista | Bishnu Prasad Pandey | Subodh Sharma
Source: Heliyon (review, 2025-05-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

A comprehensive review on ecological and bio-chemical significance of Hypotrachyna subg. Everniastrum Hypotrachyna subgenus Everniastrum, a genus under the family Parmeliaceae comprising ca. 230 species worldwide, has a long evolutionary history for taxonomic classification. In this review, we aimed to document and highlight the important findings on Hypotrachyna subg. Everniastrum as an ecological indicator and source of bioactive secondary metabolites of different pharmacological significance. Different species under this genus are well-established ecological candidates for biological monitoring of environmental pollution and ecosystem health. Ecology ; Biology Phytochemistry and Bioactive Compounds ; Plant Diversity and Evolution ; Traditional and Medicinal Uses of Annonaceae
Authors: Haoran Zhang | Hui Qiao Tian | Zetao Zhang | Guohua Chai | Xiuwen Wu
Source: Frontiers in Plant Science (article, 2025-09-19)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Effects of potassium fertilizer reduction combined with polyaspartic acid application on yield, quality, processing characteristics, rhizosphere microbial composition and metabolites of flue-cured tobacco Overall, PASP provided better optimization effects on tobacco growth, yield, physical properties, chemical quality of flue-cured leaves, and PASP was beneficial for replacing K fertilizer to a certain extent, reducing the consumption of K mineral resources and environmental pollution. Polyaspartic acid ; Rhizosphere ; Fertilizer ; Potassium ; Composition (language) ; Mineral ; Chemical composition ; Humic acid Clay minerals and soil interactions ; Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics ; Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism