jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Abhishek Singh | Thaseem Thajudeen
Source: Aerosol and Air Quality Research (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

A Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization-Tuning Algorithm for the Prediction of Nanoparticle Morphology from Microscopic Images Aggregated nanoparticle structures are quite ubiquitous in aerosol and colloidal science, specifically in nanoparticle synthesis systems such as combustion processes where coagulation results in the formation of fractal-like structures. In addition to their size, morphology of the particles also plays a key role in defining various physicochemical properties. Electron microscopy based images are the most commonly used tools in visualizing these aggregates, and prediction of the 3-dimensional structures from the microscopic images is quite complex. Typically, 2-dimensional features from the images are compared to available structures in a database or regression equations are used to predict 3-dimensional morphological parameters including Fractal dimension and pre-exponential factor. In this study, we propose a combination of evolutionary algorithm and forward tuning model to predict the best fit 3-dimensional structures of aggregates from their projection images. 2-dimensional features from a projection image are compared to the candidate projections generated using FracVAL code and optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization to obtain the 3-dimensional structure of the aggregate. Various 3-dimensional properties including hydrodynamic diameter and mobility diameter of the retrieved structures are then compared with the properties of the aggregate used to form the candidate projection image, to test the suitability of the algorithm. Results show that the hybrid algorithm can closely predict the 3-dimensional structures from the projection images with less than 10% difference in the predicted 3-dimensional properties including mobility diameter and radius of gyration. Projection (relational algebra) ; Fractal dimension ; Fractal ; Algorithm ; Particle swarm optimization ; Aggregate (composite) ; Biological system ; Radius of gyration ; Exponential function ; Computer science ; Materials science ; Mathematics ; Nanotechnology ; Polymer ; Mathematical analysis Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research ; Grey System Theory Applications
Authors: 景晓丽 Jing Xiaoli | 王涌天 Wang Yongtian | 黄玲玲 Huang Lingling
Source: Laser & Optoelectronics Progress (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

基于超构表面的三维成像技术 三维成像技术具有强大的精细化空间数据描述能力，在消费电子、自动驾驶、机器视觉和虚拟现实等领域已成为最关键的传感技术之一。现有的三维成像技术受到传统折射元件和衍射元件的物理机制限制，难以满足设备小型化、集成化、多功能、大视场、大数值孔径、高分辨等性能要求。超构表面作为由亚波长纳米天线阵列构成的智能表面，能够实现对光场的振幅、相位、偏振等参量的人为调控，具有体积小、高空间带宽积、高效率、多功能、大视场等优势，有望成为新一代光学元件服务于三维成像技术。本文综述了基于超构表面的三维成像技术进展，在超构表面的物理机制和应用优势的分析基础上，详细介绍了超构表面在三维成像技术例如结构光技术、飞行时间法、光场成像和点扩散函数工程中的应用和表现，总结和展望了基于超构表面的三维成像技术面临的挑战和未来发展方向。 Computer science Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Photonic Crystals and Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
Authors: Léa Ledoux | Yanis Zirem | Florence Renaud | Ludovic Duponchel | Michel Salzet | Nina Ogrinc | Isabelle Fournier
Source: The Analyst (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Comparing MS imaging of lipids by WALDI and MALDI: two technologies for evaluating a common ground truth in MS imaging In this study, we conducted a direct comparison of water-assisted laser desorption ionization (WALDI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging, with MALDI serving as the benchmark for label-free molecular tissue analysis in biomedical research. Specifically, we investigated the lipidomic profiles of several biological samples and calculated the similarity of detected peaks and Pearson's correlation of spectral profile intensities between the two techniques. We show that, overall, MALDI MS and WALDI MS present very close lipidomic analyses and that the highest similarity is obtained for the norharmane MALDI matrix. Indeed, for norharmane in negative ion mode, the lipidomic spectra revealed 100% similarity of detected peaks and over 0.90 intensity correlation between both technologies for five samples. The MALDI-MSI positive ion lipid spectra displayed more than 83% similarity of detected peaks compared to those of WALDI-MSI. However, we observed a lower percentage (77%) of detected peaks when comparing WALDI-MSI with MALDI-MSI due to the rich WALDI-MSI lipid spectra. Despite this difference, the global lipidomic spectra showed high consistency between the two technologies, indicating that they are governed by similar processes. Thanks to this similarity, we can increase datasets by including data from both modalities to either co-train classification models or obtain cross-interrogation. Ground truth ; Common ground ; Similarity (geometry) ; Chemistry ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer science ; Image (mathematics) ; Psychology Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Authors: Bishwa Chandra Adhikari | Ketan Bhotkar | Ravindra Patil | Eun Ha Choi | Kyu Chang Park
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2023-09-20)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Optimization of vertically aligned carbon nanotube beam trajectory with the help of focusing electrode in the microchannel plate The focusing electrode plays an important role to reduce the electron beam trajectory with low dispersion and high brightness. This article summarizes the importance of the vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube effect with the focusing electrode. First of all, the effect of electron beam trajectory is studied with the different heights, hole sizes, and applied voltage of the focusing electrode by the opera 3D simulation. The field emission electron beam spot is captured in the microchannel plate which helps to reduce the signal noise effect and damage of CNT tips by the joule heating effect. The high-dense bright spot is optimized at the focusing electrode hole size of 2 mm, and the height of 1 mm from the gate mesh electrode at the low bias voltage of - 200 V without the loss of current. The FWHM of the electron beam is calculated 0.9 mm with its opening angle of 0.9° which could be applicable in high-resolution multi-electron beam microscopy and nano-focused X-ray system technology. Carbon nanotube ; Materials science ; Electrode ; Microchannel ; Optics ; Cathode ray ; Field electron emission ; Beam (structure) ; Brightness ; Microchannel plate detector ; Optoelectronics ; Joule heating ; Electron ; Nanotechnology ; Physics ; Composite material ; Detector Carbon Nanotubes in Composites ; Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications ; Photocathodes and Microchannel Plates
Authors: Benjamin Ducharne | Yves Armand Tene Deffo | Gaël Sebald | Tetsuya Uchimoto | Christophe Gallais | Olivier Ghibaudo
Source: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (article, 2023-09-12)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Low-frequency incremental permeability for the evaluation of deep carburization treatments: Theoretical understanding Materials science ; Eddy current ; Nondestructive testing ; Permeability (electromagnetism) ; Eddy-current testing ; Electrical impedance ; Electromagnetic coil ; Excitation ; Conductor ; Acoustics ; Frequency dependence ; Low frequency ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Skin effect ; Magnetization ; Electromagnetic induction ; Composite material ; Magnetic field ; Computer science ; Electrical engineering ; Physics Magnetic Properties and Applications ; Non-Destructive Testing Techniques ; Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels
Authors: Jianhao Dong | Guangheng Wang | Hui Lin | Xinsheng Bi | Zhantao Li | Pengda Zhao | Tingwen Pei | Fei Tan
Source: Agriculture (article, 2023-07-21)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Vibration Characteristic Analysis and Structural Optimization of the Frame of a Triplex Row-Baling Cotton Picker The frame of the cotton picker is exposed to complex and varying loads during its operation. Therefore, conducting research on the vibration characteristics of the frame is crucial. In this study, vibration tests were conducted on the main vibration sources in a cotton picker at several measuring points on the frame. An accelerometer sensor was utilized to collect the signals. Fourier analysis was applied to analyze the vibration sources, encompassing the excitation frequency and the vibration source-coupled excitation frequency. Modal tests were also conducted to validate the finite element model and determine the natural frequencies of the frame. The results showed that the natural frequencies of the frame, specifically the third-order, fourth-order, and sixth-order frequencies, were comparable to the vibration source-coupled excitation frequencies. To prevent frame resonance, the response surface method was used to optimize the frame. Based on the MOGA algorithm, scheme 4 was identified as the optimal design. Furthermore, fatigue life calculations were carried out to optimize the parts with short lifespans on the frame, thereby enhancing the working performance. Vibration ; Frame (networking) ; Modal analysis ; Finite element method ; Structural engineering ; Acoustics ; Natural frequency ; Modal ; Accelerometer ; Modal testing ; Random vibration ; Engineering ; Computer science ; Physics ; Telecommunications ; Materials science Textile materials and evaluations ; Tree Root and Stability Studies ; Vibration and Dynamic Analysis
Authors: Tomasz Mach | Wioletta Rogula–Kozłowska | Jan Stefan Bihałowicz | Justyna Rybak
Source: Environment Protection Engineering (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Elemental composition and origin of PM10 in a fire station in Poland. Real-time results from the XRF analysis This work presents the first results of the metal in particulate matter PM10 analysis and source apportionment in one of the fire station garages in Poland.The study's novelty includes the high temporal resolution of the elemental composition of PM-bound metals since the gamma-ray fluorescence spectrometer with the high temporal resolution was used in the study.The concentrations of PM10 were measured at the same time using the method of beta-ray attenuation.The concertations of PM10 and PM-bound metals were analyzed with a temporal resolution of 4 h.To identify the source apportionment of metals, three commonly used models were applied: principal component analysis (PCA), EPA UNMIX, and EPA PMF (positive matrix factorization).The concentrations of the investigated metals have high temporal variations while the concentrations of PM10 were low in the garage.The enrichment of PM10 was very high or high, especially in sulfur, zinc, arsenic, nickel, cadmium, and lead.PCA analysis, as well as UNMIX and PMF, showed a high impact of factors related to sulfur on the variability.It showed the impact of combustion, including combustion of liquid fuels, in fire engines may have a crucial impact on air pollution in the fire station.The PMF analysis allowed us also to identify factors responsible for external anthropogenic emissions on concentrations inside the garage.Other identified sources of PM10 and PM10-bound elements are mineral dust, and road dust related to non-exhaust emission, originating inside the firehouse (resuspension and abrasion) as well as from outside. Environmental science ; Composition (language) ; Environmental chemistry ; Chemistry ; Art Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies ; Radioactivity and Radon Measurements ; Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
Authors: Guanyu Zhu | Vijaya Raghavan | Zhenfeng Li
Source: Foods (article, 2023-02-03)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Predicting the Moisture Ratio of a Hami Melon Drying Process Using Image Processing Technology For food drying, moisture content and shrinkage are vital in the drying process. This paper is concerned with the moisture ratio modeling and prediction issues of the Hami melon drying process. First, an experimental system was developed; it included an adjustable-power microwave drying unit and an image-processing unit. The moisture contents and the areas of Hami melon slices at different times were sampled in real time. Then, the expression of the moisture ratio with regard to shrinkage was derived by using the Weierstrass approximation theorem. A maximum likelihood fitness function-based population evolution (MLFF-PE) algorithm was then put forward to fit the moisture ratio model and predict the moisture ratio. The results showed that the proposed MLFF-PE algorithm was effective at fitting and predicting the moisture ratio model of the drying process of Hami melon slices. Shrinkage ; Moisture ; Water content ; Process (computing) ; Melon ; Mathematics ; Population ; Agricultural engineering ; Process engineering ; Materials science ; Engineering ; Computer science ; Composite material ; Statistics ; Horticulture ; Geotechnical engineering ; Biology Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Food Drying and Modeling ; Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control
Authors: Weixing Fang | Guojin Chen | Wenxin Li | Ming Xu | Wei Xie | Chang Chen | Wanqiang Wang | Yucheng Zhu
Source: Sensors (article, 2023-07-28)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A PRPD-Based UHF Filtering and Noise Reduction Algorithm for GIS Partial Discharge The online detection of partial discharge (PD) in gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) is a crucial and powerful tool for maintaining their reliability. However, extracting weak discharge signals from strong disturbances is a significant challenge. The presence of noise can hamper the identification and localization of PD types, making the extraction of pure PD signals the focus of current research. This paper proposes a PRPD-based PD filtering algorithm that analyzes interference using the output information from PRPD and sets threshold parameters for noise reduction processing. This method is mainly used for secondary noise reduction at a later stage, without analyzing the noise source, to achieve effective signal acquisition while retaining the characteristics of the PD signals, thereby improving the system's sensitivity and the signal's purity. Partial discharge ; Switchgear ; Noise reduction ; Noise (video) ; Ultra high frequency ; Interference (communication) ; Reduction (mathematics) ; Electromagnetic interference ; SIGNAL (programming language) ; Focus (optics) ; Algorithm ; Computer science ; Reliability (semiconductor) ; Electronic engineering ; Acoustics ; Electrical engineering ; Engineering ; Power (physics) ; Artificial intelligence ; Mathematics ; Physics ; Telecommunications ; Voltage ; Optics High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation ; Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena
Authors: Gaurav Sharma | José S. Enriquez | Ryan Armijo | Muxin Wang | Pratip K. Bhattacharya | Shivanand Pudakalakatti
Source: Metabolites (review, 2023-04-28)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Enhancing Cancer Diagnosis with Real-Time Feedback: Tumor Metabolism through Hyperpolarized 1-13C Pyruvate MRSI This review article discusses the potential of hyperpolarized (HP) <sup>13</sup>C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) as a noninvasive technique for identifying altered metabolism in various cancer types. Hyperpolarization significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio for the identification of <sup>13</sup>C-labeled metabolites, enabling dynamic and real-time imaging of the conversion of [1-<sup>13</sup>C] pyruvate to [1-<sup>13</sup>C] lactate and/or [1-<sup>13</sup>C] alanine. The technique has shown promise in identifying upregulated glycolysis in most cancers, as compared to normal cells, and detecting successful treatment responses at an earlier stage than multiparametric MRI in breast and prostate cancer patients. The review provides a concise overview of the applications of HP [1-<sup>13</sup>C] pyruvate MRSI in various cancer systems, highlighting its potential for use in preclinical and clinical investigations, precision medicine, and long-term studies of therapeutic response. The article also discusses emerging frontiers in the field, such as combining multiple metabolic imaging techniques with HP MRSI for a more comprehensive view of cancer metabolism, and leveraging artificial intelligence to develop real-time, actionable biomarkers for early detection, assessing aggressiveness, and interrogating the early efficacy of therapies. Cancer ; Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging ; Glycolysis ; Prostate cancer ; Medicine ; Hyperpolarization (physics) ; Breast cancer ; Metabolomics ; Cancer research ; Computer science ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Bioinformatics ; Metabolism ; Internal medicine ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Biology ; Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; Radiology ; Physics Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications ; Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
Authors: Hamed Hamzehbahmani
Source: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

An Enhanced Analysis of Inter-Laminar Faults in Magnetic Cores With Grain Oriented Electrical Steels for Fault Diagnosis and Condition Monitoring: Theoretical Background and Experimental Verification Fault diagnosis and condition monitoring of electromagnetic devices are the strategies of monitoring and processing parameters of the device for fault identification and failure prediction. In this respect, core faults or inter-laminar faults (ILFs) is a key objective, with an important contribution into the whole process. This paper tends to propose a new experimental-analytical approach to fault diagnosis and condition monitoring of magnetic cores. The proposed technique is in line with the phenomenology of the magnetic hysteresis and interpreting dynamic characteristics of the magnetic cores. The distinct feature of this approach is its ability to model additional magnetic field and associated energy loss caused by ILFs. The studies were carried out on stacks of standard Epstein size strips of 3 wt % SiFe Grain Oriented (GO) steels, subjected to artificial faults. Validation of the developed approach was undertaken through experimental work and analytical modelling. Magnetic field ; Condition monitoring ; Laminar flow ; Fault (geology) ; Magnetic core ; Fault detection and isolation ; Materials science ; Electronic engineering ; Engineering ; Electrical engineering ; Electromagnetic coil ; Actuator ; Geology ; Physics ; Aerospace engineering Magnetic Properties and Applications ; Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels ; Non-Destructive Testing Techniques
Authors: Lukas Prey | Ludwig Ramgraber | Johannes Seidl-Schulz | Anja Hanemann | Patrick Noack
Source: Sensors (article, 2023-04-21)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

The Transferability of Spectral Grain Yield Prediction in Wheat Breeding across Years and Trial Locations Grain yield (GY) prediction based on non-destructive UAV-based spectral sensing could make screening of large field trials more efficient and objective. However, the transfer of models remains challenging, and is affected by location, year-dependent weather conditions and measurement dates. Therefore, this study evaluates GY modelling across years and locations, considering the effect of measurement dates within years. Based on a previous study, we used a normalized difference red edge (<i>NDRE</i>1) index with PLS (partial least squares) regression, trained and tested with the data of individual dates and date combinations, respectively. While strong differences in model performance were observed between test datasets, i.e., different trials, as well as between measurement dates, the effect of the train datasets was comparably small. Generally, within-trials models achieved better predictions (max. R<sup>2</sup> = 0.27-0.81), but R<sup>2</sup>-values for the best across-trials models were lower only by 0.03-0.13. Within train and test datasets, measurement dates had a strong influence on model performance. While measurements during flowering and early milk ripeness were confirmed for within- and across-trials models, later dates were less useful for across-trials models. For most test sets, multi-date models revealed to improve predictions compared to individual-date models. Transferability ; Grain yield ; Yield (engineering) ; Agronomy ; Environmental science ; Geography ; Statistics ; Biology ; Mathematics ; Materials science Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Remote Sensing in Agriculture ; Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
Authors: Thomas Devereaux | Martin Claassen | Xu-Xin Huang | Michael P. Zaletel | Joel E. Moore | Dirk K. Morr | Fahad Mahmood | Peter Abbamonte | Zhi‐Xun Shen
Source: Physical review. B./Physical review. B (article, 2023-10-18)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Angle-resolved pair photoemission theory for correlated electrons In this paper, we consider the possibility and conditions for pair photoemission, whereby two incident photons emit pairs of electrons from a candidate material, as a method to measure and visualize electronic correlations. As opposed to double photoemission---where a single photon precipitates the ejection of a pair of electrons via a subsequent electron energy loss scattering process---we show that pair photoemission need not be limited to interference between initial photoelectrons and valence electrons and moreover can occur without the energy penalty of two work functions. This enables detection of pairs of electrons at high-energy resolution that may be correlated in the same quantum many-body states. Photoelectric effect ; Electron ; Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy ; Inverse photoemission spectroscopy ; Physics ; Atomic physics ; Photon ; Photon energy ; Core electron ; Electronic structure ; Condensed matter physics ; Quantum mechanics Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques ; Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides ; Surface and Thin Film Phenomena
Authors: Haider S. Kaduhm | Hameed M. Abduljabbar
Source: Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Science (article, 2023-01-20)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Studying the Classification of Texture Images by K-Means of Co-Occurrence Matrix and Confusion Matrix In this research, a group of gray texture images of the Brodatz database was studied by building the features database of the images using the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), where the distance between the pixels was one unit and for four angles (0, 45, 90, 135). The k-means classifier was used to classify the images into a group of classes, starting from two to eight classes, and for all angles used in the co-occurrence matrix. The distribution of the images on the classes was compared by comparing every two methods (projection of one class onto another where the distribution of images was uneven, with one category being the dominant one. The classification results were studied for all cases using the confusion matrix between every Two cases or two steps (two different angles and for the same number of classes). The agreement percentage between the classification results and the various methods was calculated. Confusion matrix ; Co-occurrence matrix ; Confusion ; Gray level ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Pixel ; Artificial intelligence ; Classifier (UML) ; Texture (cosmology) ; Matrix (chemical analysis) ; Mathematics ; Projection (relational algebra) ; Contextual image classification ; Computer science ; Image texture ; Image (mathematics) ; Image processing ; Algorithm ; Materials science ; Psychology Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Remote-Sensing Image Classification ; Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques