jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Takuma Sakamoto | Masatsugu Otsuki | Takashi Kubota
Source: Transactions of the JSME (in Japanese) (article, 2018-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Study on SMA driven hopper design for planetary exploration This paper studies the feasibility of a hopper for planetary exploration rovers. The proposed hopper is designed based on shape memory alloy(SMA) actuators, because SMA actuators are light in mass compared with traditional electric motors. This paper discusses a design strategy for the proposed hopper to achieve sufficient locomotion capability on planetary surface. Firstly, this paper presents a basic hopper mechanism and its design strategy with SMA physical model. Secondly, semi-optimized design parameters of the hopper are determined based on brute-force searching. Finally, the experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed hopper for lunar or planetary exploration. SMA* ; Actuator ; Computer science ; Shape-memory alloy ; Mechanism (biology) ; Planetary exploration ; Aerospace engineering ; Mechanical engineering ; Control engineering ; Simulation ; Control theory (sociology) ; Engineering ; Control (management) ; Artificial intelligence ; Physics ; Astrobiology Shape Memory Alloy Transformations
Authors: Ruedi Aebersold | Jeffrey N. Agar | I. Jonathan Amster | Mark S. Baker | Carolyn R. Bertozzi | Emily S. Boja | Catherine E. Costello | Benjamin F. Cravatt | Catherine Fenselau | Benjamin A. Garcia | Ying Ge | Jeremy Gunawardena | Ronald C. Hendrickson | Paul J. Hergenrother | Christian G. Huber | Alexander R. Ivanov | Ole N. Jensen | Michael C. Jewett | Neil L. Kelleher | Nevan J. Krogan | Martin R. Larsen | Joseph A. Loo | Rachel R. Ogorzalek Loo | Emma Lundberg | Michael J. MacCoss | Parag Mallick | Vamsi K. Mootha | Milan Mrksich | Tom W. Muir | Steven M. Patrie | James J. Pesavento | Sharon J. Pitteri | Henry Rodriguez | Alan Saghatelian | Wendy Sandoval | Hartmut Schlüter | Salvatore Sechi | Sarah A. Slavoff | Lloyd M. Smith | M Snyder | Paul M. Thomas | Mathias Uhlén | Jennifer E. Van Eyk | Marc Vidal | David R. Walt | Forest M. White | Evan R. Williams | Therese Wohlschlager | Vicki H. Wysocki | Nathan A. Yates | Nicolas L. Young | Bing Zhang | Laura L. Kiessling
Source: DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (article, 2018-02-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

How many human proteoforms are there Despite decades of accumulated knowledge about proteins and their post-translational modifications (PTMs), numerous questions remain regarding their molecular composition and biological function. One of the most fundamental queries is the extent to which the combinations of DNA-, RNA- and PTM-level variations explode the complexity of the human proteome. Here, we outline what we know from current databases and measurement strategies including mass spectrometry-based proteomics. In doing so, we examine prevailing notions about the number of modifications displayed on human proteins and how they combine to generate the protein diversity underlying health and disease. We frame central issues regarding determination of protein-level variation and PTMs, including some paradoxes present in the field today. We use this framework to assess existing data and to ask the question, "How many distinct primary structures of proteins (proteoforms) are created from the 20,300 human genes?" We also explore prospects for improving measurements to better regularize protein-level biology and efficiently associate PTMs to function and phenotype. Computer science ; Computer security Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications
Authors: Anvari Ali
Source: Journal of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science (article, 2018-12-31)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Thermal life of space Elevators Since the introduction of space elevators by Tsiolkovsky in 1895, many researchers, engineers, and designers stepped forward to suggest theories for the construction of space elevators. Based on the investigations made by many authors for building space elevators, Earth-to-space, Lunar space, and Mars-to-space elevators can contribute for future space exploration and colonization. In the presented study, the aim is to review the previous studies regarding the design and construction of space elevators with appropriate materials and to predict the thermal fatigue life of space elevators for the first time as it is one of the concerns in space environment because space elevators are exposed to thermal cycles. For this purpose, Extended Convex Curves Method is used. The results have shown that the thermal fatigue life of lunar space elevator is less than that for Earth-to-space and Mars-to-space elevators due to the lack of atmosphere on the Moon. This contribution can help to design and construct the space elevators with higher safety against the thermal fatigue failure with the selection of appropriate materials for the space elevator structure. Key words: Space elevators; thermal fatigue life, thermal cycles, materials, space exploration, colonization. &nbsp; Elevator ; Space (punctuation) ; Mars Exploration Program ; Space environment ; Space exploration ; Aerospace engineering ; Architectural engineering ; Computer science ; Engineering ; Astrobiology ; Geology ; Physics High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Silicone and Siloxane Chemistry ; Mechanical stress and fatigue analysis
Authors: Jie Zhang | Pan Zhou
Source:  (article, 2018-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Identification of Tapping Panel Dryness in Hevea brasiliensis Based on Threshold Segmentation Algorithm The tapping panel dryness (TPD) in Hevea brasiliensis is a complex physiological syndrome and seriously affects the yield of the natural latex from rubber tree. The study of TPD is of great significance for improving the yield of latex. The traditional artificial recognition of TPD has a certain deviation due to the high precision of grading workload, so the impact of TPD cannot be paid attention to in time. This paper uses image processing technology in the field of information science to identify the TPD, and uses image segmentation to determine the level of TPD, thus greatly reducing the artificial judgment of the TPD level of misjudgment rate. Dryness ; Hevea brasiliensis ; Tapping ; Identification (biology) ; Segmentation ; Computer science ; Algorithm ; Artificial intelligence ; Botany ; Engineering ; Biology ; Natural rubber ; Chemistry Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Meat and Animal Product Quality
Authors: Nathan Charnock | Steven A. Hecht
Source: Florida Educational Research Association (article, 2018-11-11)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Predictive Power of Sixth-Grade Achievement on Secondary Chemistry Academic Outcomes The purpose of this study was to identify student level characteristics that predicted both enrollment and achievement in 10th-grade chemistry courses. We obtained a large representative sample from an academic cohort drawn from a mid-sized metropolitan school district in Florida. Predictors were derived from school district archived data for sixth-grade students whom latter completed a science course in their sophomore year of high school. The predictors included letter grades, standardized test scores on the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT), attendance rate, number of suspensions, and demographic data. Logistic regression demonstrated specificity for particular student attributes that contribute to the odds of enrollment into and, independently, the probability of successful chemistry courses achievement. The results demonstrated that female students were more likely to enroll in and pass a chemistry course than their male peers. Prior science achievement was the strongest predictor of high school chemistry course outcomes. Mathematics education ; Academic achievement ; Attendance ; Standardized test ; Achievement test ; Test (biology) ; Odds ; Predictive power ; Psychology ; Logistic regression ; Medical education ; Medicine ; Mathematics ; Statistics ; Physics Various Chemistry Research Topics ; Science Education and Pedagogy
Authors: Shiqi Huang
Source:  (article, 2018-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Analysis and Application of Hyperspectral Image Data of Raw Egg Yolk Using new technical means to effectively identify the quality of eggs is a common concern of people and the supervision and management department. This paper uses the advanced hyperspectral remote sensing imaging technology to study the spectral characteristics of egg yolk. The hyperspectral image data of egg yolk is obtained, spectral characteristic data is extracted from hyperspectral image data, spectral characteristics of different types eggs is analyzed, and finally, the quality of eggs is identified and analyzed. A lot of experiments have been done, and good results have been obtained. This shows that the new method of egg quality identification based on hyperspectral remote sensing image is feasible. Hyperspectral imaging ; Computer science ; Computer vision ; Artificial intelligence ; Image (mathematics) ; Raw data ; Yolk ; Remote sensing ; Geology ; Biology ; Fishery Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Remote Sensing and Land Use
Authors: Miia Pakkanen
Source: Theseus (Ammattikorkeakoulujen) (article, 2018-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Asiakastoiveet tuotekehityksen perustana Opinnäytetyön aiheena oli asiakastoiveiden saaminen tuotekehitykseen jälleenmyyjiltä. Toimeksiantajana toimi Porokylän Leipomo Oy. Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli selvittää kaupoilta ympäri Suomen, miten usein ja millaisia viestintäkanavia käyttäen he haluavat asioida leipomon myynnin kanssa. Tärkeimpiä tutki-muskohteita olivat kuluttaja-asiakkaiden toiveet ja markkinamuutokset kaupanalalla. Jälleenmyyjiltä kerätyillä tiedoilla tähdättiin liiketoiminnan kasvuun asiakastoiveiden mukaisten uusien tuotteiden myynnillä.\nTaustateoria sisälsi perehtymistä yritysviestintään, yritysten väliseen viestintään, markkinoinnin keinoihin, myyntityön monipuolisuuteen, asiakaskokemukseen, digitalisaation tuomiin mahdollisuuksiin, tekoälyyn ja sosiaalisen median hyödyntämiseen B-to-B- markkinoinnissa ja -myynnissä. Näiden osalta pyrin käyttämään uusimpia lähdeteoksia.\nTutkimus oli kvantitatiivinen eli määrällinen tutkimus sekä kvalitatiivinen eli laadullinen tutkimus. Kvantita-tiivisen tutkimuksen toteutin strukturoidulla kyselylomakkeella ja kvalitatiivisen tutkimuksen puhelinhaastatteluilla nykyiselle myyntiorganisaatiolle sekä tuotekehitysprosessin omistajalle. Saadut tulokset analysoin selittävällä menetelmällä, millä oli tarkoitus ymmärtää ja perehtyä aineistoon syvemmin.\nTutkimuskysymyksiin löytyi vastaukset yhdistelemällä kyselyn tuloksia ja puhelinhaastattelujen tietoja. Jäl-leenmyyjien viestintätapoina korostuivat perinteinen kasvokkain tapaaminen sekä sähköpostiviestintä käy-tettävistä viestintäkanavista. \nTuotekehitysprosessin ensimmäinen toiminto on idean/toiveen kirjaaminen tuotekehitysprosessiin. Tutkimuksessa selvisi, että asiakastoiveita kerätään useista eri viestintäkanavista. Asiakastoiveiden vastaanottajat leipomolla keräävät tiedot yhteisessä käytössä olevaan tietojärjestelmään. Tuotekehityspalavereissa asia-kastoiveista keskustellaan ja sen pohjalta niitä kirjataan tuotekehitysprosessiin.\nPanostamalla asiakaskokemukseen ja hyödyntämällä teknologiaa myyntiorganisaatio pystyy tuottamaan lisäarvoa liiketoiminnalle kasvulle. Tekoälyn käytön yleistyessä kerättyjen tietojen pohjalta saadaan analysoitua ostokäyttäytymistä kaupoissa. Liiketoiminnan kasvua voisi hakea sosiaalisen median hyödyntämisellä ja kannustaa asiakkaita osallistumaan. Viestinnän merkitys korostui opinnäytetyössä ja oli keskeisenä taustatekijänä yhdessä toimivien prosessien kanssa. Computer science ; Business Metallurgy and Material Science ; Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems
Authors: J. W. Wu | Teruya Ishihara | Lei Zhou | Cheng‐Wei Qiu
Source: Nanophotonics (article, 2018-06-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Editorial on special issue “Metamaterials and Plasmonics in Asia” The special issue "Metamaterials and Plasmonics in Asia" was developed from the A3 Metamaterials Forum, an annual research meeting first established in 2016, but also includes other specially invited papers. Metamaterial ; Plasmon ; Nanomaterials ; Nanotechnology ; Materials science ; Optoelectronics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research ; Photonic and Optical Devices
Authors: Adam Szeleziński | Аdаm Muc | Lech Murawski
Source: New Trends in Production Engineering (article, 2018-10-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Amplitudes Spectrum Comparison as a Method of Selecting Welded Joints Abstract The paper presents a comparative analysis of non-destructive testing methods used in the assessment of welded joints. The authors describe the methodology of conducting tests on welded plates using the vibration method. On the basis of the FFT analysis of responses from accelerometers, spectral characteristics were calculated, and then used along with statistical measures to develop a comparative method in non-destructive testing of welded joints. This method will make it possible to quickly and easily distinguish plates with non-defective welded joints from plates with faulty welds. The paper presents test results for a non-defective plate weld (sample no. 2202), a plate with defective edge fusion (sample no. 2127) and one with a cracking along the entire sample length (sample no. 2132). The article points out the limitations of the proposed method and the need for further research Welding ; Structural engineering ; Sample (material) ; Vibration ; Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution ; Joint (building) ; Fast Fourier transform ; Computer science ; Engineering ; Acoustics ; Mechanical engineering ; Physics ; Artificial intelligence ; Algorithm Material Properties and Failure Mechanisms ; Engineering Diagnostics and Reliability ; Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques
Authors: Y. V. Lutsenko
Source: Polythematic Online Scientific Journal of Kuban State Agrarian University (article, 2018-06-29)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

AUTOMATED SYSTEM-COGNITIVE ANALYSIS OF ANTIBIOTICS IN VETERINARY MEDICINE Antibiotics ; Veterinary medicine ; Cognition ; Medicine ; Traditional medicine ; Biology ; Microbiology ; Psychiatry Chromatography in Natural Products ; Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies ; Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Authors: Ludger J.E. Goeminne | Kris Gevaert | Lieven Clement
Source: Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (article, 2018-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Experimental design and data-analysis in label-free quantitative LC/MS proteomics: A tutorial with MSqRob © This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. <br><br>Deposited by shareyourpaper.org and openaccessbutton.org. We've taken reasonable steps to ensure this content doesn't violate copyright. However, if you think it does you can request a takedown by emailing help@openaccessbutton.org. Proteomics ; Computer science ; Chromatography ; Computational biology ; Chemistry ; Biology ; Biochemistry Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Advanced Biosensing Techniques and Applications
Authors: Ricardo Navarrete-Casas | Inmaculada Velo-Gala | Ana Sánchez-Polo | Carmen R. Maldonado | Alicia Domínguez‐Martín
Source: EDULEARN proceedings (article, 2018-07-01)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

ACTIVE LEARNING: FIRST SYMPOSIUM ON GENERAL AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY FOR FIRST YEAR DEGREE STUDENTS OF PHARMACY ACTIVE LEARNING: FIRST SYMPOSIUM ON GENERAL AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY FOR FIRST YEAR DEGREE STUDENTS OF PHARMACY Pharmacy ; Degree (music) ; Mathematics education ; Computer science ; Medical education ; Chemistry ; Medicine ; Psychology ; Family medicine ; Physics Various Chemistry Research Topics
Authors: Αλέξανδρος Σολωμού | Guang Zhao | Shahin Boluki | Jobin K. Joy | Xiaoning Qian | İbrahim Karaman | Raymundo Arróyave | Dimitris C. Lagoudas
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2018-07-18)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Multi-Objective Bayesian Materials Discovery: Application on the Discovery of Precipitation Strengthened NiTi Shape Memory Alloys through Micromechanical Modeling In this study, a framework for the multi-objective materials discovery based on Bayesian approaches is developed. The capabilities of the framework are demonstrated on an example case related to the discovery of precipitation strengthened NiTi shape memory alloys with up to three desired properties. In the presented case the framework is used to carry out an efficient search of the shape memory alloys with desired properties while minimizing the required number of computational experiments. The developed scheme features a Bayesian optimal experimental design process that operates in a closed loop. A Gaussian process regression model is utilized in the framework to emulate the response and uncertainty of the physical/computational data while the sequential exploration of the materials design space is carried out by using an optimal policy based on the expected hyper-volume improvement acquisition function. This scalar metric provides a measure of the utility of querying the materials design space at different locations, irrespective of the number of objectives in the performed task. The framework is deployed for the determination of the composition and microstructure of precipitation-strengthened NiTi shape memory alloys with desired properties, while the materials response as a function of microstructure is determined through a thermodynamically-consistent micromechanical model. Shape-memory alloy ; Nickel titanium ; Computer science ; Gaussian process ; Bayesian probability ; Metric (unit) ; Kriging ; Process (computing) ; Bayesian inference ; Bayesian optimization ; Algorithm ; Machine learning ; Gaussian ; Artificial intelligence ; Engineering ; Physics Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Topology Optimization in Engineering ; Grey System Theory Applications
Authors: Kelsey Sinclair | Arsalan Mirjafari | Sulekha Coticone
Source: The Chemical Educator (article, 2018-02-01)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

A Tale of Two Spices It is well-known that active learning exercises to solve real life problems can kindle student interest. One of the specific topics that stimulates student interest is the application of chemistry in the field of forensic science. In the present study, students learn to apply presumptive, mid-level, and confirmatory tests to distinguish two spices with medical benefits. Students initially perform color spot tests (CSTs) followed by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and then Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) to distinguish between the chemical properties of saffron and turmeric. To further characterize the two spices, different solvents are used for thin layer chromatography (TLC). Finally, using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance data, students learn to distinguish the chemical structures of the active ingredients found in the two spices. Once all three procedures are completed, students would have employed three categories of analytical techniques and determined the sensitivity of each test used by most forensic scientists in drug identification. Thin-layer chromatography ; Thin layer ; Test (biology) ; Field (mathematics) ; Active ingredient ; Pattern recognition (psychology) Various Chemistry Research Topics ; Chemistry and Chemical Engineering ; History and advancements in chemistry
Authors: Christos Deligkaris
Source: The Physics Teacher (article, 2018-03-16)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

A Classroom Activity for Teaching Electric Polarization of Insulators and Conductors The phenomenon of electric polarization is crucial to student understanding of forces exerted between charged objects and insulators or conductors, the process of charging by induction, and the behavior of electroscopes near charged objects. In addition, polarization allows for microscopic-level models of everyday-life macroscopic-level phenomena. Textbooks may adequately discuss polarization, but there is little material in active learning labs and tutorials on this topic. Since polarization of materials is a microscopic phenomenon, instructors often use diagrams and figures on the classroom board to explain the process in a lecture setting. In this paper I will describe a classroom activity where the students play the role of electrons as an alternative option. Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Phenomenon ; Polarization density ; Engineering physics ; Physics ; Everyday life ; Electron ; Electrical conductor ; Computer science ; Mathematics education ; Psychology ; Chemistry ; Epistemology ; Quantum mechanics ; Magnetic field Various Chemistry Research Topics ; Experimental Learning in Engineering ; Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies
Authors: Hui Shen | Vishal Mehta
Source:  (article, 2018-05-10)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

A Comprehensive Term Project for Materials Science Course At Ohio Northern University (ONU), Materials Science is a required course for freshmen in Mechanical Engineering and an elective for other engineering majors. The course is the first engineering course for most engineering students in the college and therefore it is challenging to explain some concepts and discuss the application of course materials in their future study and career. It is well known that project based learning activities motivates the students to learn new concepts faster. To help students engage in the class, a comprehensive term-long project was developed, which combines material testing, simple design for engineering applications, material selection for the design, and testing of the failure of the designed structure. In this project, students were required to select materials for the major components of an aircraft used for SAE Aero Design Competition. Students selected materials with certain dimensions for five major components of the airframe, including rib, body spar, engine mount, payload box, and wing spar. Each component has different loading conditions and design requirements. The project includes three steps: 1) Material selection was based on mechanics calculation of the material properties from online database to satisfy design constraints. Then design criteria were used to decide the best option using decision matrix. 2) Testing of the mechanical properties of selected materials. The material selections were verified and modified based on the test results. 3) Bending test of the selected component and presentation of the project. A formal final project report was optional for students to earn extra points. From this project-based learning experience, students not only learned the theory, but also gained hands-on experiences. This project changed the passive learning style of the material tests and calculation to active learning style. Students had more questions than just following instructions, as they had to think about how to do the experiments and solve the problem primarily by themselves. While the project was group work with a group of three students, all students contributed to the work based on their own strength. Within each group, leadership roles were rotated among group members for different task. A few assessments were implemented including memos on labs and material selection calculations, formal final project report, presentation, teamwork evaluations, and a survey. Student feedback indicates that overall students enjoyed the experience and believed it should be continued in the future. Course (navigation) ; Term (time) ; Engineering ethics ; Computer science ; Engineering ; Physics Metallurgical and Alloy Processes ; Material Selection and Properties ; Nanotechnology research and applications