jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Sazhin Giredmet JSC | K.S. Polzikova | R.A. Verbitsky | V.D. Latonov | Yu.V. Syrov | S.N. Knyazev
Source:  (article, 2025-10-13)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR ESTIMATING THE DENSITY OF DISLOCATION ETCHING PITS ON THE SURFACE OF SINGLE CRYSTAL GaAs PLATES A comparative analysis of methods for estimating the density of dislocation etching pits (EPD) on single-crystal GaAs plates has been carried out: classical counting from nine fields and using the automated «Колибри» («Colibry») system. It is shown that the manual method is labor-intensive, subjective, and underestimates EPD values due to missing defects, while automation of the process provides objective calculation, obtaining statistically significant information, and mapping EPD across the entire plate. To speed up the process, a hybrid approach was proposed: automated analysis using two basic diameters, which reduces time by 70-80% while maintaining accuracy and reproducibility comparable to a full scan. The results confirm the advantage of automated techniques and their suitability for production quality control of GaAs wafers. Etching (microfabrication) ; Automation ; Reproducibility ; Dislocation ; Process (computing) ; Surface (topology) ; Single crystal Microstructure and mechanical properties ; Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques ; Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies
Authors: Gideon Quartey | Anthony Simons | Mutalubi Aremu Akintunde
Source: European Journal of Applied Science Engineering and Technology (article, 2025-05-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

The Impact of Passive Displacement Fixed Jaw Design on Liner Wear in Single Toggle Jaw Crushers Single toggle jaw crushers are widely used in mining and aggregate industries, but they suffer from significant liner wear, leading to increased maintenance costs and downtime. This research investigates the impact of a novel single toggle jaw crusher design with a passive displacement fixed jaw on liner wear. The investigation was done by carrying out a comparative analysis between the conventional jaw crusher design and the new jaw crusher design. During the evaluation of the conventional and new crusher designs, the liners were initially weighed with an electronic scale of 20 g sensitivity, and the readings were recorded. The jaw liners were then assembled to the crusher jaws before starting the crusher. Measured rock samples were then loaded intermittently into the crushing chamber to be crushed. The jaw liners were dismantled from the crusher and weighed, after crushing 470.50 kg of rock sample. The wear of the jaw liners was computed by subtracting their final weights from their initial weights. A total of 1411.5 kg of rocks were crushed with each crusher design configuration. After testing the crusher for both the conventional and the new designs, the results show that the overall wear amount experienced by the conventional jaw crusher liners was 87.88 % more than that of the new crusher design. This revealed that the introduction of a passive movable fixed jaw helped in reducing the relative sliding between the jaw liners and the crushed material, hence the reduction in jaw liner wear. Crusher ; Displacement (psychology) ; Orthodontics ; Structural engineering ; Engineering ; Mechanical engineering ; Medicine ; Psychology Metal Alloys Wear and Properties ; Tunneling and Rock Mechanics ; Advanced machining processes and optimization
Authors: Robert McTaggart
Source: Journal of Soils and Sediments (article, 2025-10-13)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Simulating the attenuation of in situ 40K gamma rays to monitor soil properties Abstract Purpose The passive and non-destructive monitoring of soil carbon and soil moisture with low levels of naturally occurring gamma rays can assay carbon sequestration, improve irrigation management, and even aid in the timely delivery of chemical fertilizers that contain potassium. All are of interest to promote sustainable agriculture. Materials and methods The Geant4 Simulation Toolkit mimics the production of the 1.460 MeV gamma ray from the decay of Potassium-40 and explores the underlying behavior of gamma rays in different soils. Gamma rays are emitted at different depths in a modeled soil, and data is collected with a large sodium iodide detector placed 2 m above the surface. Results and discussion The detector response to the addition of either soil carbon or soil moisture is linear. Because soil carbon is only exchanged with the minerals that contain the source of the gamma rays, the negative detector response to adding soil carbon is stronger than that of adding water. Gamma rays that are successfully detected originate from a depth between 95 and 125 mm on average in the study. The average depth is greater when the soil has more soil carbon or air and smaller when it has more mineral or water. Conclusions Linearity in the detector response is helpful when assessing changes to soil carbon or soil moisture. Given where the detected gamma rays originate, proximal gamma ray spectroscopy with the 1.460 MeV gamma ray from 40 K is best considered when evaluating carbon and moisture content near the surface. Gamma ray ; Carbon fibers ; Soil carbon ; Water content ; Detector ; Soil test ; Gamma spectroscopy Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies ; Geophysical Methods and Applications ; Radioactivity and Radon Measurements
Authors: Guangyu Liu
Source: Cambridge journal for junior scientists. (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Design, optimization, and mechanism study of antithrombotic microstructure surfaces on mechanical heart valves inspired by shark-skin riblet Background: Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valves (BMHVs) are prone to thromboembolic complications.The shark-skin riblet surfaces can reduce drag, so maybe it can solve this thrombosis problem.Objective: Add riblet surfaces on BMHVs and see whether it can reduce shear stress of the blood.If shear stress is reduced, then this riblet surfaces can decrease the risk of thrombosis.Methods: The study first verified through Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experiments that adding micro-riblets to the leaflet surface significantly reduces flow obstruction.Subsequently, this study used Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to further analyze the mechanism of the riblets' effect on the shear stress field and optimized the riblet geometric parameters.Results: The PIV results showed a significant increase in blood flow rate on the side with riblets, confirming that riblets effectively reduce flow obstruction under heart valve conditions.The CFD simulation shows the shear stress of blood is lower when 28-degree, 0.5-mm deep riblet are added to BMHVs, and this is probably the optimum configuration. Microstructure ; Mechanism (biology) ; Antithrombotic ; Mechanical heart Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications ; Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments
Authors: Şeyda Öztürk | Esma Nur Geçer
Source: Turkish Journal of Analytical Chemistry (article, 2025-09-30)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Physicochemical alterations of carrot properties through the application of edible film coating prior to heat treatment The objective of this study was to examine the alterations in carrot properties resulting from the application of edible coatings before subjecting them to heat treatment. Three different heat treatments (frying, baking, boiling) and three types of coating solutions (chitosan, zein, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)) were utilized in the research. The carrots underwent analysis for pH, titratable acidity (TA), texture, water activity(aw), water-soluble dry matter (WSDM), color (L*, a*, b*, C*, ∆E, hue), total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant capacity (DPPH). The findings indicated that the texture of the coated carrots and the WSDM value of zein-coated carrots were higher than those of the control group after heat treatment. Notably, the HPMC-coated sample exhibited the most significant color difference. Zein and chitosan-coated carrots displayed high TPC and antioxidant capacity after baking, but all coated carrots exhibited low values after frying. Titratable acid ; Coating ; Antioxidant capacity ; Antioxidant ; Texture (cosmology) ; Cellulose ; Control sample Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging ; Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities ; Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
Authors: Akashamrut M Patel | R. B. Modi | Govind P. Tagalpallewar | N.R. Sardar | Jayant Pralhad Rathod
Source: International Journal of Research in Agronomy (article, 2025-08-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Rice variety identification using physical parameters Rice is considered staple food as it is eaten in large quantity in all over world. And it serves as a crucial source of energy and nutrition. With the diverse array of rice varieties cultivated globally, the need for accurate and efficient identification methods becomes paramount. As all rice varieties are not equally valuable unscrupulous persons become tempted to mix up lower cost variety in costly one. Physical attributes of rice like size, shape, cooking characteristics etc. offer lot of avenues for identification of such practices. This study was conducted with objective of using these parameters to identify Basmati and Gujarat 17 verities. It was found in this study that rice variety identification is quite feasible using simple physical parameters particularly for those verities which differ in such parameters i.e. like Basmati and Gujarat 17 used in this study. Identification (biology) ; Variety (cybernetics) ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Biology ; Botany Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
Source: International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Predictive Modelling of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L) Growth Parameters Using Linear Regression: Insights into Stem Diameter, Height and Chlorophyll Content Cocos nucifera ; Linear regression ; Chlorophyll ; Regression analysis ; Botany ; Horticulture ; Biology ; Mathematics ; Statistics Coconut Research and Applications
Authors: Ying-Tzu Shieh | Te−I Weng | Ju-Yu Chen | I-Ting Wang | Kuan-Ling Lai | Chunn-Yenn Lin | Chu-Yun Teng | Guan‐Yuan Chen
Source: Journal of Food and Drug Analysis (article, 2025-09-17)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Development and validation of an analytical method for determination of bongkrekic acid in bioﬂuids for toxin monitoring Bongkrekic acid (BKA) poisoning is a severe foodborne illness with a high mortality rate. This study aimed to identify BKA in postmortem tissues from poisoning victims in Taiwan and to develop a reliable analytical method for detecting BKA in biofluids to aid clinical diagnosis and treatment. BKA was identified in postmortem samples using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and confirmed with an independent ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method. To meet clinical needs, a UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for BKA detection in plasma and urine. Method optimization included adjustments to ion source conditions for multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions and avoidance of glass vials due to BKA adsorption onto free silanol groups. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a 50-mm Hypersil Gold C18 column within a 6-min run time. The validated UHPLC-MS/MS method successfully detected BKA in biofluids, enabling its application in identifying victims of foodborne poisoning. The method demonstrated high accuracy and efficiency, facilitating timely diagnosis and aiding in treatment strategies for critically ill patients. The developed UHPLC-MS/MS method provides a reliable approach for detecting BKA in clinical and forensic settings. Its implementation enhances diagnostic capabilities, improves patient outcomes, and supports monitoring of toxin elimination in cases of BKA poisoning. Tandem mass spectrometry ; Forensic toxicology ; Mass spectrometry ; Toxin ; Silanol ; Gold standard (test) Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography ; Synthesis and Biological Evaluation ; Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
Authors: Kazuma Murakami | Thi Hong Van Nguyen | Nobuko FUJITA | Chioko Nagao | Kenji Mizuguchi | Takumi Nishiuchi | Yasuhiro Sakashita | Moeko Noguchi‐Shinohara | Kenjiro Ono
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2025-07-11)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Proteomic and <i>in silico</i> dissection of MetaAggregates in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis brains Abstract RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), key translation regulators, are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The pathological entities associated with ALS are known as “MetaAggregates”: heterogeneous coaggregates composed of amyloids, RBPs, and RNA G-quadruplexes (rG4s). In this study, to explore the molecular constituents of ALS-associated MetaAggregates, we developed a proteomic approach using a psoralen-conjugated RBP and crosslinked it with a biotinylated rG4 to enable the isolation of MetaAggregates from ALS brain extracts. Single-cell RNA-seq using in vitro ALS models identified ELAVL4 as a cytoplasmic RBP and revealed the enrichment of an IGFBP2-derived rG4 structure in ALS-specific neurons. Mass spectrometry and amyloidogenicity-based principal component analysis revealed 79 candidate proteins with roles in RNA processing, metabolism, trafficking, and stress responses. Docking simulations highlighted a subset of proteins with potential pro-aggregation characteristics, diverse cytosolic associations and functional links to RNA processing relevant to ALS. Through proteomic and in silico dissection of ALS-associated MetaAggregates, the findings of this study establish a conceptual framework for the exploration of unrecognized amyloidogenic drivers of neurodegeneration. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; In silico ; Neuroscience ; Dissection (medical) ; Medicine ; Computational biology ; Physical medicine and rehabilitation ; Biology ; Anatomy ; Pathology ; Gene ; Disease ; Genetics biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
Authors: Frederik Hoffmann | Ann-Sophie Bülter | Ludwig Horsthemke | Dennis Stiegekötter | Jens Pogorzelski | Markus Gregor | Peter Gloesekoetter
Source:  (article, 2025-08-04)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A Hardware Measurement Platform for Quantum Current Sensors A concept towards current measurement in low and medium voltage power distribution networks is presented. The concentric magnetic field around the current-carrying conductor should be measured using a nitrogen-vacancy quantum magnetic field sensor. A bottleneck in current measurement systems is the readout electronics, which are usually based on optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR). The idea is to have a hardware that tracks up to four resonances simultaneously for the detection of the three-axis magnetic field components and the temperature. Normally, expensive scientific instruments are used for the measurement setup. In this work, we present an electronic device that is based on a Zynq 7010 FPGA (Red Pitaya) with an add-on board, which has been developed to control the excitation laser, the generation of the microwaves, and interfacing the photodiode, and which provides additional fast digital outputs. The T1 measurement was chosen to demonstrate the ability to read out the spin of the system. Computer science ; Current (fluid) ; Quantum ; Computer hardware ; Embedded system ; Electrical engineering ; Physics ; Engineering Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; Magnetic Field Sensors Techniques ; Radiation Effects in Electronics
Authors: Aymn Abdulrahman
Source: Materials research proceedings (article, 2025-04-17)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Optimization of viscosity of diamond and boron nitride based nanofluids for enhanced thermal management and pumping efficiency Abstract. The present study investigates optimizing the viscosity of hybrid nanofluids composed of diamond and boron nitride in thermal oil for high-temperature heat transfer applications. Recognizing that higher viscosity equates to increased pumping costs, the study seeks to minimize this critical parameter to enhance the overall efficiency of thermal systems. Employing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and a desirability function approach, explored the effect of temperature (25°C to 65°C), concentration (0.2 wt.% to 0.6 wt.%), and shear rate (1 to 1000 1/s) on the viscosity of nanofluids. The optimization process pinpointed conditions that yield the minimum viscosity with the highest desirability score, signifying the most advantageous operating scenario. The results showed an optimal balance at a higher temperature and mid-range concentration, culminating in a nanofluid demonstrating Newtonian behavior at low shear rates and shear-thinning attributes at elevated temperatures and shear rates. These findings explain the potential of tailored nanofluids to substantially cut pumping costs while maintaining excellent heat transfer properties, making them ideal candidates for advanced cooling systems in demanding thermal management settings. Nanofluid ; Boron nitride ; Diamond ; Materials science ; Viscosity ; Thermal management of electronic devices and systems ; Thermal ; Hexagonal boron nitride ; Boron ; Optoelectronics ; Nanotechnology ; Composite material ; Thermodynamics ; Mechanical engineering ; Nanoparticle ; Chemistry ; Physics ; Engineering Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer ; Heat Transfer and Optimization
Authors: DANIEL E. PANOSYAN | WILLIAM S. PANOSYAN | DARON S. YACOUBIAN | Joseph L. Lasky
Source: Cancer Genomics & Proteomics (article, 2025-10-28)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Immunoliposome for Ewing Sarcoma Immunoliposomes covered with anti-CD99 mAbs and loaded with small-molecule niraparib may be developed as an adjuvant therapy for advanced EWS. Projected 100 nm IL should provide vascular permeability and tumor tropism; however, extensive preclinical evaluations will also be required regarding hematopoietic and endothelial damage. Sarcoma ; Monoclonal antibody ; Adjuvant therapy ; Adjuvant ; Haematopoiesis ; Vascular permeability ; Tumor cells ; Antiangiogenic therapy Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; RNA Interference and Gene Delivery ; Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
Authors: Clément FREYSSINET
Source: Materials research proceedings (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Numerical workflow for skin model tolerancing applied to a composite study Abstract. In industry, each part must satisfy a set of requirements to fully perform its functions. These requirements determine how the part should be designed and engineered. However, the manufactured part is never exactly like the nominal part. The manufactured part has defects due to the manufacturing variabilities. Tolerancing is therefore used to define acceptable geometrical defects: this is known as tolerance analysis. To perform a tolerancing study of geometrical surfaces, a popular approach is the skin model shape approach. In this context, the Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) manufacturing process is modeled and simulated with a set of variabilities. The resulting displacement fields from the geometrical distortions are post-treated to identify part and assembly tolerances for an Outlet Guide Vane (OGV). Workflow ; Composite number ; Computer science ; Database ; Algorithm Textile materials and evaluations
Authors: Jesse St. Amand | Leonardo Gizzi | Martin A. Giese
Source: ArXiv.org (preprint, 2025-06-17)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Single-Example Learning in a Mixture of GPDMs with Latent Geometries We present the Gaussian process dynamical mixture model (GPDMM) and show its utility in single-example learning of human motion data. The Gaussian process dynamical model (GPDM) is a form of the Gaussian process latent variable model (GPLVM), but optimized with a hidden Markov model dynamical prior. The GPDMM combines multiple GPDMs in a probabilistic mixture-of-experts framework, utilizing embedded geometric features to allow for diverse sequences to be encoded in a single latent space, enabling the categorization and generation of each sequence class. GPDMs and our mixture model are particularly advantageous in addressing the challenges of modeling human movement in scenarios where data is limited and model interpretability is vital, such as in patient-specific medical applications like prosthesis control. We score the GPDMM on classification accuracy and generative ability in single-example learning, showcase model variations, and benchmark it against LSTMs, VAEs, and transformers. Interpretability ; Gaussian process ; Latent variable ; Mixture model ; Hidden Markov model ; Probabilistic logic ; Generative model ; Categorical variable ; Latent variable model ; Sequence (biology) Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Authors: Yu Wang | Chuanying Xi | Jianbo Yang | Mingye Wang | Linghui Zeng | Lingxiao Zhang | Chong Gao
Source: Aging and Disease (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Emerging Perspectives in Anti-aging Treatments Using Anti-Fibrotic Strategies Aging involves chronic organ degeneration, characterized by a continued decline in cellular regenerative ability and excessive buildup of extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to organ fibrosis. Fibrosis is now widely recognized as a key sign of organ failure, which has inspired new anti-aging strategies through antifibrosis treatments. In cancer, excessive ECM around and within tumors, known as desmoplasia, helps support tumor growth and malignancy. Age-related chronic inflammation and impaired tissue regeneration lead to a range of cell changes, which favor the development of fibroblast-like types, promote unchecked ECM buildup, and increased tissue stiffness. Notably, many mechanisms of aging closely overlap with those behind fibrotic progression. Understanding the critical cell groups, especially cancer-associated fibroblasts, could open promising options for anti-fibrotic and cancer treatments. The integration of progress in molecular medicine, traditional herbal therapies, and new technologies provides a powerful path for drug discovery and therapy development. In this review, we outline the main cell types and molecular pathways involved in organ aging and fibrosis. We also highlight the recent advances in anti-fibrotic Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and gene and cell therapies in cancer and anti-aging research. Lastly, we examine the role of new technologies, including nanomedicine and organoid models, in the development and testing of drugs for anti-fibrotic therapies. Regenerative medicine ; Drug development ; Cancer ; Fibrosis ; Extracellular matrix ; Organ system ; Regeneration (biology) ; Drug discovery ; Tissue repair Silk-based biomaterials and applications