jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Shubhangi Moharekar
Source: American Journal of Biomedical Science & Research (article, 2024-01-21)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

In Vitro Studies of Skin Burn Infections Using Casuarina Equisetifolia L. Fabricated Silver Nanoparticles In present work, Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPS) were synthesized by biological as well as chemical method.Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was done using dried and burned fruit powder of Casuarina equisetifolia.The characteristics of synthesized nanoparticles were confirmed by UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).The size of biologically synthesized nanoparticle was comparatively smaller than chemically synthesized one.The biologically synthesized AgNPs showed remarkable antibacterial activity against five pathogenic bacteria isolated from burn patient's skin viz.Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter sp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae.Based on these findings, it was concluded that the present study provides potential of biologically synthesized AgNPs as an effective antibacterial agent against skin pathogens and hence can be used for medical application to prevent skin burn infections.These results clearly indicate that AgNPS could provide alternative topical therapy in treatment of skin burn infection. Casuarina equisetifolia ; Silver nanoparticle ; In vitro ; Human skin ; Skin infection Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; Wound Healing and Treatments ; Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
Authors: Nils Rothaug | Deruo Cheng | Simon Klix | Nicole Auth | Sinan Böcker | Endres Puschner | Steffen Becker | Christof Paar
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2024-09-06)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Advancing Training Stability in Unsupervised SEM ImageSegmentation for IC Layout Extraction Stability (learning theory) ; Extraction (chemistry) ; Computer science ; Training (meteorology) ; Artificial intelligence ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Machine learning ; Chromatography ; Chemistry ; Geography Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques ; Advancements in Photolithography Techniques ; Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis
Authors: Zongwei Cai | Neil M. Donahue | Graham A. Gagnon | Kevin C. Jones | Célia M. Manaia | Elsie M. Sunderland | Peter J. Vikesland
Source: Environmental Science Advances (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

2023 Outstanding Papers published in the <i>Environmental Science</i> journals of the Royal Society of Chemistry The Editors-in-Chief of the Environmental Science journals introduce the Outstanding Papers of 2023. Library science ; Engineering ethics ; Chemistry ; Engineering physics ; Political science ; Engineering ; Computer science Advanced Nanomaterials in Catalysis
Authors: Lior Michaeli | Ramon Gao | Michael D. Kelzenberg | Claudio U. Hail | Adrien Merkt | John E. Sader | Harry A. Atwater
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-02-29)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Direct Radiation Pressure Measurements for Lightsail Membranes Ultrathin lightsails propelled by laser radiation pressure to relativistic speeds are currently the most promising route for flyby-based exoplanet exploration. However, there has been a notable lack of experimental characterization of key parameters essential for lightsail propulsion. Therefore, a model platform for optomechanical characterization of lightsail prototypes made from realistic materials is needed. We propose an approach for simultaneous measurement of optical forces and driving powers, which capitalizes on the multiphysics dynamics induced by the driving laser beam. By modelling the lightsail with a 50-nm thick silicon nitride membrane suspended by compliant micromechanical springs, we quantify force from off-resonantly driven displacement and power from heating-induced mechanical mode softening. This approach allows us to calibrate the measured forces to the driving powers by operating the device as a mechanical bolometer. We report radiation pressure forces of 80 fN using a collimated pump beam of 100 W/cm2 and noise-robust common-path interferometry. As lightsails will inevitably experience non-normal forces, we quantify the effects of incidence angle and spot size on the optical force and explain the nonintuitive trend by edge scattering. Our results provide a framework for comprehensive lightsail characterization and laboratory optomechanical manipulation of macroscopic objects by radiation pressure forces. Membrane ; Radiation ; Environmental science ; Materials science ; Chemistry ; Physics ; Optics ; Biochemistry Silicone and Siloxane Chemistry ; Ocular and Laser Science Research ; Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors
Authors: Weidong Yu | Hui Liu | Ke Wang
Source: iScience (article, 2024-08-23)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Magnetic anisotropy and phononic properties of two-dimensional ferromagnetic Fe3GeS2 monolayer In 2023, Fe<sub>3</sub>GeS<sub>2</sub> monolayer with Curie temperature of 630 K is predicted, which is promising to be used in next-generation spintronic devices. However, its magnetic anisotropy and phononic properties are still unclear. In this paper, we implemented the first-principles calculations on Fe<sub>3</sub>GeS<sub>2</sub> monolayer, and found its ferromagnetic ground state with robustness to the -1.5%-1.3% biaxial strain. Meanwhile, the out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy dominated by dipolar interaction is found in Fe<sub>3</sub>GeS<sub>2</sub> monolayer. Finally, we studied the phononic properties to identify the dynamical stability of Fe<sub>3</sub>GeS<sub>2</sub> monolayer and highlight the contribution from the anharmonic interaction of optical phonons to the thermal expansion coefficient. We also find two single-phonon modes can be used to design quantum mechanical resonators with a wide cool-temperature range. These results can provide a comprehensive understanding of the magnetism and phonon properties of two-dimensional (2D) Fe<sub>3</sub>GeS<sub>2</sub>, beneficial for the application of 2D Fe<sub>3</sub>GeS<sub>2</sub> in spintronics. Monolayer ; Condensed matter physics ; Ferromagnetism ; Anisotropy ; Materials science ; Magnetic anisotropy ; Physics ; Nanotechnology ; Engineering physics ; Magnetic field ; Magnetization ; Optics ; Quantum mechanics 2D Materials and Applications ; Heusler alloys: electronic and magnetic properties ; Multiferroics and related materials
Authors: Khoi Phuong Dao | Juejun Hu | Richard Soref
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-05-13)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Design of an ultra-compact, energy-efficient non-volatile photonic switch based on phase change materials The on-chip photonic switch is a critical building block for photonic integrated circuits (PICs) and the integration of phase change materials (PCMs) enables non-volatile switch designs that are compact, low-loss, and energy-efficient. Existing switch designs based on these materials typically rely on weak evanescent field interactions, resulting in devices with a large footprint and high energy consumption. Here we present a compact non-volatile 2 by 2 switch design leveraging optical concentration in slot waveguide modes to significantly enhance interactions of light with PCMs, thereby realizing a compact, efficient photonic switch. To further improve the device's energy efficiency, we introduce an integrated single-layer graphene heater for ultrafast electrothermal switching of the PCM. Computational simulations demonstrate a 2 by 2 switch with crosstalk (CT) down to -24 dB at 1550 nm wavelength and more than 55 nm 0.3 dB insertion loss (IL) bandwidth. The proposed photonic switch architecture can constitute the cornerstone for next-generation high-performance reconfigurable photonic circuits. Photonics ; Phase change ; Optoelectronics ; Materials science ; Phase (matter) ; Energy (signal processing) ; Engineering physics ; Physics ; Quantum mechanics Phase-change materials and chalcogenides ; Optical Network Technologies ; Nonlinear Optical Materials Research
Authors: Rizky Yulion | Ruri Putri Mariska | Putri Ningrum Nurin Latifah
Source: Riset Informasi Kesehatan (article, 2024-11-28)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Ultrasonic NaDES-based optimization of luteolin extraction technology from celery (Apium graveolens) for improved drug raw material independence Background: Natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) represent a significant advancement in the field of natural material extraction, offering a novel approach to the isolation of active compounds. The objective of this study was to develop a novel NaDES-based extraction method to achieve the highest percentage of luteolin compounds in celery (Apium graveolens) through ultrasonic treatment. Method: Choline chloride was employed as the hydrogen bonding acceptor (HBA), while lactic acid and malic acid served as the hydrogen bonding donors (HBD). Treatment optimization was conducted using Design Expert 7 software, with the variables comprising the HBA:HBD ratio, temperature, and time. Results: The optimal combination of NaDES solvents was identified as choline chloride: lactic acid and choline chloride: malic acid at a ratio of (4.71 mol: 4.76 mol) and (1.27 mol: 1.71 mol), respectively, at a temperature of 55.2°C. The optimal conditions were 40°C and 35.45°C, with a time of 15.63 minutes and 12.73 minutes, respectively, which yielded 2.2789% and 0.0102% with a desirability of 0.2788 and 0.0408, respectively. Conclusion: The optimal combination was identified as choline chloride: lactic acid, which demonstrated a gain of over 2%. Additionally, the combination of choline chloride: malic acid proved effective for luteolin extraction. Apium graveolens ; Raw material ; Extraction (chemistry) ; Luteolin ; Chemistry ; Botany ; Chromatography ; Traditional medicine ; Biology ; Medicine ; Biochemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Flavonoid Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
Authors: Ismet-Hari Mulyadi | Muhammad Rusdi | Loli Kurniawati | A. T. M. Masum
Source: Journal of Ocean Mechanical and Aerospace -science and engineering- (JOMAse) (article, 2024-03-30)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Percentage Area Reduction of Uncut Fibre of Drilling Pineapple Leaf Fibres Reinforced Composites with Peck Drilling Canned Cycle Method The effectiveness of utilizing the peck drilling canned cycle to minimize hole delamination has been demonstrated. However, its potential to reduce uncut fiber resulting from fiber fracture and pull-out has not been fully recognized, particularly in drilling natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Therefore, this study investigated the performance of this established method and compared it with the conventional drilling approach using a stepped geometry drill bit, which is purported to minimize hole delamination and, consequently, reduce uncut fiber. A series of hole-making processes were carried out according to a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) experimental plan. Different feed movements were employed to elicit responses, specifically the extent of uncut fiber area. The findings indicate that employing the established method could reduce uncut fibers by approximately 18.6%, representing a 2% enhancement compared to the alternative approach. Hence, the peck drilling canned cycle strategy offers a promising and cost-effective alternative to using specialized drill bits or high-performance cutting tools. Drilling ; Drill ; Drill bit ; Delamination (geology) ; Materials science ; Reduction (mathematics) ; Composite material ; Fiber ; Fibre-reinforced plastic ; Peck (Imperial) ; Geology ; Mathematics Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Advanced Machining and Optimization Techniques
Authors: Ridwan Raafi’udin | Yohanes Aris Purwanto | Imas Sukaesih Sitanggang | Dewi Apri Astuti
Source: International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Feature Selection Model Development on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Data This study aims to develop a feature selection model on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) data. The object used is beef with six quality parameters: color, drip loss, pH, storage time, Total Plate Colony (TPC), and water moisture. The prediction model is a Random Forest Regressor (RFR) with default parameters. The feature selection model is carried out by mapping spectroscopic data into line form. The collection of lines is made into one line by finding the mean value. Next, apply the line simplification method based on angle elimination, starting from the smallest angle to the largest. Each iteration will eliminate one corner, reducing one column of data in the corresponding dataset. Then, the predicted value in the form of R2 will be collected, and the highest value will be considered the best feature selection formation. RFR prediction results with R2 values are as follows: color R2= 0.597, drip loss R2=0.891, pH R2=0.797, storage time R2=0.889, TPC R2=0.721, and water moisture R2=0.540. Meanwhile, after applying the feature selection model, the R2 values for all parameters increased to color R2=0.877, drip loss R2=0.943, pH R2=0.904, storage time R2=0.917, TPC R2=0.951, and water moisture R2=0.893. Based on the results of increasing the R2 value of the six parameters, an average value of increasing prediction accuracy of 17.49% can be taken. So, the feature selection method based on line simplification with an angle elimination system can provide very good results. Computer science ; Feature selection ; Feature (linguistics) ; Selection (genetic algorithm) ; Infrared ; Artificial intelligence ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Data mining ; Optics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
Authors: Ryui Kaneko | Masatoshi Imada | Yoshiyuki Kabashima | Tomi Ohtsuki
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-03-29)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Forecasting long-time dynamics in quantum many-body systems by dynamic mode decomposition Reliable numerical computation of quantum dynamics is a fundamental challenge when the long-ranged quantum entanglement plays essential roles as in the cases governed by quantum criticality in strongly correlated systems. Here we apply a method that utilizes reliable short-time data of physical quantities to accurately forecast long-time behavior of the strongly entangled systems. We straightforwardly employ the simple dynamic mode decomposition (DMD), which is commonly used in fluid dynamics. Despite the simplicity of the method, the effectiveness and applicability of the DMD in quantum many-body systems such as the Ising model in the transverse field at the critical point are demonstrated, even when the time evolution at long time exhibits complicated features such as a volume-law entanglement entropy and consequential power-law decays of correlations characteristic of systems with long-ranged quantum entanglements unlike fluid dynamics. The present method, though simple, enables accurate forecasts amazingly at time as long as nearly an order of magnitude longer than that of the short-time training data. Effects of noise on the accuracy of the forecast are also investigated, because they are important especially when dealing with the experimental data. We find that a few percentages of noise do not affect the prediction accuracy destructively. Dynamic mode decomposition ; Decomposition ; Quantum ; Mode (computer interface) ; Dynamics (music) ; Computer science ; Statistical physics ; Physics ; Quantum mechanics ; Mechanics ; Acoustics ; Chemistry Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Authors: Deniz Efendioğlu | Şerife Akkoyun
Source: Journal of Turkish Operations Management (article, 2024-07-18)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Optimization of nanofiber diameter in the electrospinning of polyamide 6 by two-level factorial design The utilization of 2-level factorial design has been extensive in the literature to observe the relationship between parameters and responses. Among the subjects open for exploration, the process of nanofiber creation stands out as an intriguing avenue to explore the correlations that emerge between variables and outcomes. The primary objective of the study is to establish the relationships between the parameters of electrospinning of polyamide 6 (PA6) solutions to obtain desired nanofiber diameters by response surface method (RSM) and two level full factorial design. The investigation hones in on four critical parameters related to the electrospinning of PA6 solutions. These parameters encompass factors like solution concentration, applied voltage, distance between the spinneret and the collector, and the flow rate of the solution. Employing a two-level factorial design, these parameters are methodically manipulated at two distinct levels each to systematically unravel their individual and collective impacts on nanofiber diameter outcomes. To understand the relationship between electrospinning process and these factors, these kind of experimental studies gives us much accurate results. Electrospinning ; Nanofiber ; Factorial experiment ; Polyamide ; Fractional factorial design ; Response surface methodology ; Factorial ; Design of experiments ; Materials science ; Process (computing) ; Volumetric flow rate ; Mathematics ; Composite material ; Computer science ; Polymer ; Statistics ; Physics ; Mechanics ; Mathematical analysis Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications ; Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials ; Conducting polymers and applications
Authors: Zuko Mthwesi | Sana Salami | Nyiku Mahonisi | Jérémie Margueritat | Valentina M. Giordano | Régis Debord | Christophe Adessi | A. G. Every | S. Pailhès | S.R. Naidoo
Source: Diamond and Related Materials (article, 2024-05-31)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Elastodynamic properties of embedded amorphous carbon layer in diamond investigated by surface Brillouin scattering By combining ion implantation and annealing, it is possible to create electrical conducting channels buried beneath the surface of the diamond. Recent Seebeck measurements have suggested the existence of a coupling between conduction electrons in the channel and vibrational phonons from the matrix. In this paper, we study the dispersion of the lowest frequency surface acoustic modes, the Rayleigh mode, propagating from a buried amorphous channel in diamond by means of inelastic scattering of monochromatic light using surface Brillouin scattering at room temperature. Spectra were collected over a wide range of incidence angles on the uncoated and Al-coated diamond implanted and annealed surfaces. The Rayleigh mode at low frequency could be reproduced well for angles above 30° with the simulated spectra from Green's functions analysis which considered the entire layered structure (bulk diamond-graphitic buried channel-top diamond layer) which has not been compared in previous studies for angles below 50°. This is the first surface Brillouin study that used an Al coating on the diamond surface where the buried channel was created ≈293 nm below the diamond surface by He ion implantation. The Al coating was shown to increase the peak intensity of the Rayleigh with little impact on its frequencies. The speed of the surface Rayleigh wave of the buried channel was calculated to be ≈8000–9000 m/s from the experimental data for 30°–80° for the Al coated implanted diamond. The departure from theory for data measured for scattering angles below 30° still needs to be resolved. Diamond ; Materials science ; Scattering ; Rayleigh scattering ; Optics ; Brillouin zone ; Molecular physics ; Chemistry ; Composite material ; Physics Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; High-pressure geophysics and materials ; Seismic Waves and Analysis
Authors: A. F. Aleynikov | Mikhail Gavrish
Source: E3S Web of Conferences (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Method for identifying fungal diseases of cultivated plants using fuzzy logic The need to develop effective methods for identifying fungal diseases of cultivated plants at the initial stage of their development, allowing their use in field conditions, is substantiated. Using the example of garden strawberries, a new method for such diagnostics using impedance spectroscopy and fuzzy logic is proposed. Develop a new algorithm and software for classifying such diseases and early detection of their manifestations. The results of experimental studies to identify damage to garden strawberries by fungal pathogens Ramularia tulasnei and Marssonina potentillae are presented. Fuzzy logic ; Computer science ; Biology ; Artificial intelligence Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Smart Agriculture and AI ; Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control
Authors: W. Thorpe | P. R. Underhill | Thomas W. Krause
Source: Sensors (article, 2024-11-21)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Eddy Current Measurement of Electrical Resistivity in Heat-Treated Zr-2.5%Nb Pressure Tubes Zr-2.5%Nb pressure tubes (PTs) house uranium fuel bundles in the fuel channels of CANDU<sup>®</sup> nuclear reactors. Preventing a failure mode caused by contact of the PT with an outer calandria tube (CT) is performed by inspection using eddy current (EC) testing and ultrasonic testing (UT) to measure the PT-CT gap. EC gap measurements are particularly sensitive to circumferential variation of the PT's electrical resistivity due to microstructural variations. A full-factorial experiment was performed to examine the statistical significance of variations in the EC test parameters and manufacturing conditions on the average circumferential electrical resistivity of as-manufactured PTs. It was found that 79% of the variance in the data could be attributed to variations caused by any of the test factors or combinations of test factors. The parameters that accounted for the majority of the variance were: (1) heat treatment (HT); (2) HT and EC frequency; (3) probe inner or outer surface placement; and (4) EC frequency. Measurements of circumferential resistivity showed up to ±2.3% variation from the average of either surface. HT caused the average PT resistivity to decrease at a rate of 1.53±0.08 μΩ·cmlog⁡hr and 1.1±0.4μΩ·cmlog⁡hr for inner and outer PT surfaces, respectively. The results are correlated with differences reported in the literature in the average βZr ribbon thickness in the axial-transverse cross-section between inner and outer PT surfaces. The results demonstrate potential for EC-based resistivity measurements to characterize variations and changes in the microstructure of Zr-2.5%Nb PT material. Electrical resistivity and conductivity ; Eddy current ; Materials science ; Current (fluid) ; Electrical current ; Electrical engineering ; Mechanics ; Mechanical engineering ; Engineering ; Physics Nuclear Materials and Properties ; Nuclear reactor physics and engineering ; Fusion materials and technologies