jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Ty Hagan | Ahmad Vasel‐Be‐Hagh
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2025-01-02)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Homogeneous boiling over melting ice We report on discovering the homogeneous boiling within a liquid film residual resting in equilibrium over a melting ice block. This phenomenon was induced via longwave infrared radiation generated by a continuous wave [Formula: see text] laser. This investigation employed a high-speed camera and the Schlieren visualization technique. The study discovered that the presence of ice substantially lowered the minimum power intensity required for homogeneous nucleation to occur. This observation is counterintuitive, as one might intuitively believe ice presence would result in enhanced cooling, demanding a higher power to initiate boiling. We offer three reasons for this observation: (1) the suppression of convective dissipation of the heat via the ice below the melted water, (2) instabilities caused by substantial temperature gradients between the irradiated meltwater and ice surface, and (3) instabilities caused by pressure gradients due to uneven melting of the ice surface. The effect of impurities was also tested by adding borax to the ice. Borated ice exhibited homogeneous and heterogeneous boiling simultaneously, demonstrating an even lower power intensity to initiate thermocavitation. Boiling ; Materials science ; Meltwater ; Ice nucleus ; Amorphous ice ; Mechanics ; Nucleation ; Thermodynamics ; Chemistry ; Meteorology ; Snow ; Physics ; Amorphous solid Ultrasound and Cavitation Phenomena ; nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions ; Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer
Authors: Qi Zhang | Shulan Zuo | Shengsan Yang | Jinghua Liu | Dazhuang Kang | Chengbao Jiang
Source: Advanced Engineering Materials (article, 2025-04-08)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Influence of Er and Zr Content on the Phase Composition and Microstructure of SmCo Magnets with Low Remanence Temperature Coefficients The influence of Er and Zr content on SmCo magnets with low remanence temperature coefficients is investigated. Variations of magnetic properties with Er and Zr content are analyzed. Results show that excessive Er substitution leads to phase separation, but the reduction of Zr content eliminates the impurity phases. First‐principle calculations reveal the stabilizing effect of Er on phases with Sm n +1 Co 5 n −1 structures. Magnets with satisfactory magnetic properties and temperature compensation are obtained, of which the one with 40% Er substitution exhibits (BH) max of 165 kJ·m − 3 at room temperature and a low‐temperature coefficient of remanence of −0.014%·°C −1 within the range of 20–100 °C. Remanence ; Materials science ; Microstructure ; Magnet ; Phase (matter) ; Metallurgy ; Composition (language) ; Composite material ; Magnetization ; Magnetic field ; Mechanical engineering ; Chemistry Magnetic Properties of Alloys ; Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials ; Rare-earth and actinide compounds
Authors: Kevin Zhang | Dan Mao | Eun-Ah Kim | Roderich Moessner
Source: Communications Materials (article, 2025-06-23)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Bionic fractionalization in the trimer model of twisted bilayer graphene Recent experiments on twisted van der Waals materials, inspired our study of a simplified triangular trimer model, which captures electron behavior at one-third filling in twisted bilayer graphene. Though simple, the model shows rich physics, including fractional excitations and fracton-like particles with restricted motion. Using Monte Carlo simulations and effective field theory, we uncover two notable phases: 1. A polar fluid phase with directional order. 2. A critical trimer liquid phase, where excitations carry fractional charge and display power-law correlations. These fractionalized excitations are bionic—they carry pairs of emergent gauge charges, revealed by algebraic correlations with two distinct exponents. Our field theory supports the numerical findings and critical exponents. The triangular trimer model emerges as a key platform to study fractionalization and fractons, where bionic monomers can evolve into fractons in nearby phases. This motivates experimental work in twisted van der Waals systems and materials with intermediate-range interactions. Twisted bilayer graphene has received significant interest for its unique band structure. Here, the triangular trimer model, as a representative framework for extended Wannier orbitals, is applied to twisted bilayer graphene. Fractionalization ; Trimer ; Bilayer graphene ; Bilayer ; Condensed matter physics ; Graphene ; Materials science ; Nanotechnology ; Physics ; Chemistry ; Sociology ; Anthropology ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Ethnic group Graphene research and applications ; Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect ; Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
Authors: Ben Goldberg | Shuang Zhang | Mark Lawrence
Source: Advanced Optical Materials (article, 2025-07-13)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Ellipticity‐Controlled Exceptional Points and Cross‐Polarized Phase Singularities in Multi‐Layer Silicon Guided Mode Resonant Metasurfaces Abstract Precise control over light polarization is critical for advancing technologies in telecommunications, quantum computing, and image sensing. However, existing methods for manipulating polarization around exceptional points (EPs) in non‐Hermitian systems have exclusively focused on circular polarization and work with reflected light. To address this limitation, a novel metasurface platform with high‐Q resonators is developed that enables tunable control of polarization exceptional points across arbitrary ellipticity for transmitted light. This design employs orthogonally polarized guided mode resonators in a two‐layer silicon metasurface, where careful tuning of the dipolar guided mode resonances (DGMRs) and layer spacing allows us to control the ellipticity of EPs. By leveraging high‐quality factor resonances, strong orthogonal mode coupling over distances up to a quarter wavelength is achieved. This platform exhibits omnipolarizer behavior and the corresponding phase singularity can imprint phase shifts from 0 to 2π with small perturbations in the geometry. This approach opens new possibilities for polarization control and programmable wavefront shaping, offering significant potential for next‐generation optical devices. Materials science ; Silicon ; Layer (electronics) ; Phase (matter) ; Mode (computer interface) ; Gravitational singularity ; Optics ; Optoelectronics ; Nanotechnology ; Physics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Quantum Mechanics and Non-Hermitian Physics
Authors: Johann Ukrow | Mathieu DM Renard | Mohammad Moghimi Ardekani | Gilles Laurent
Source: eLife (article, 2025-07-28)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

A computational pipeline to track chromatophores and analyze their dynamics Cephalopod chromatophores are small dermal neuromuscular organs, each consisting of a pigment-containing cell and 10–20 surrounding radial muscles. Their expansions and contractions, controlled and coordinated by the brain, are used to modify the animal’s appearance during camouflaging and signaling. Building up on tools developed by this lab, we propose a flexible computational pipeline to track and analyze chromatophore dynamics from high-resolution videos of behaving cephalopods. This suite of functions, which we call CHROMAS, segments and classifies individual chromatophores, compensates for animal movements and skin deformations, thus enabling precise and parallel measurements of chromatophore dynamics and long-term tracking over development. A high-resolution tool for the analysis of chromatophore deformations during behavior reveals details of their motor control and thus, their likely innervation. When applied to many chromatophores simultaneously and combined with statistical and clustering tools, this analysis reveals the complex and distributed nature of the chromatophore motor units. We apply CHROMAS to the skins of the bobtail squid Euprymna berryi and the European cuttlefish Sepia officinalis , illustrating its performance with species with widely different chromatophore densities and patterning behaviors. More generally, CHROMAS offers many flexible and easily reconfigured tools to quantify the dynamics of pixelated biological patterns. Pipeline (software) ; Track (disk drive) ; Dynamics (music) ; Biological system ; Computer science ; Chromatophore ; Computational biology ; Biology ; Statistical physics ; Biophysics ; Physics ; Fishery ; Acoustics Molecular spectroscopy and chirality ; Blind Source Separation Techniques ; Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
Authors: Ioannis S. Fosteris | George S. Kliros
Source: Photonics (article, 2025-10-13)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Analytical Design of Optically Transparent, Wideband, and Tunable Microwave Absorber Based on Graphene Spiral Resonator Metasurface We present the design of an optically transparent, flexible, and tunable microwave absorber covering the X and Ku frequency bands. The absorber is based on a metasurface composed of a periodic array of graphene spiral resonators (GSRs) attached to an ultrathin PET film placed over an ITO-backed dielectric spacer. An equivalent circuit model (ECM), described by closed-form equations, is proposed to optimize the structure for maximum absorption within the target frequency range. The optimized absorber achieves a peak absorbance of 99.7% for normally incident waves while maintaining over 90% absorption at various incident angles in the frequency range from 8.5 GHz to 17.4 GHz. In addition, a double-layer graphene spiral resonator (DGSR) metasurface is proposed to extend the absorber’s operational bandwidth, demonstrating a bandwidth enhancement of approximately 3 GHz and a relative bandwidth of 90% without compromising miniaturization or incident angle stability. Given their remarkable attributes, both GSR and DGSR configurations show great potential for applications in radar stealth technology and transparent electromagnetic compatibility. Resonator ; Microwave ; Bandwidth (computing) ; Graphene ; Miniaturization ; Electromagnetic radiation ; Dielectric ; Spiral (railway) ; Absorption (acoustics) Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Antenna Design and Analysis
Authors: Junze Zhou | John C. Thomas | Thomas P. Darlington | Edward S. Barnard | Atsushi Taguchi | Adam Schwartzberg | Alexander Weber‐Bargioni
Source: Advanced Materials (article, 2025-09-26)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Probing and Tuning Strain‐Localized Exciton Emission in 2D Material Bubbles at Room Temperature In monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides bubbles-nanoscale deformations typically exhibiting a dome-like shape-Excitons are confined by the strain effect, which exhibits extraordinary emission properties, such as single photon generation, enhanced light emission, and spectrally tunable excitonic states. While the strain profiles of these bubbles are extensively studied, this work provides an approach 1) to directly visualize the associated exciton properties in bubbles formed in WSe<sub>2</sub> monolayer, revealing an intrinsic emission wavelength shift of ≈40 nm, and 2) actively modify local strain, enabling further exciton emission tuning over a range of 50 nm. These are achieved by emission mapping and nanoindentation using a dielectric near-field probe, which enables the detection of local emission spectra and emission lifetimes within individual bubbles. Statistical analysis of 67 bubbles uncovers an emission wavelength distribution centered around 780 nm. Furthermore, saturation behavior in the power-dependent studies and the associated lifetime change reveal the localized nature of the strain-induced states. These findings provide direct insights into the strain-localized emission dynamics in bubbles and establish a robust framework for non-destructive, reversible, and predictable nanoscale emission control, presenting a potential avenue for developing next-generation tunable quantum optical sources. Exciton ; Emission spectrum ; Monolayer ; Light emission ; Saturation (graph theory) ; Wavelength ; Spontaneous emission ; Dielectric ; Nanoscopic scale 2D Materials and Applications ; Perovskite Materials and Applications ; ZnO doping and properties
Authors: Jennifer Saile | Henrik Walter | Moritz Denecke | Philipp Lederer | Laura Schuetz | Andreas Hiltbrunner | Katharina Lepp | Sofía Lobato-Gil | Petra Beli | Andreas Wachter
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2025-04-08)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

A network of RS splicing regulatory proteins controls light-dependent splicing and seedling development Abstract The light-induced change from skoto- to photomorphogenesis is a key switch in plant development that requires global transcriptome reprogramming. Earlier studies in Arabidopsis thaliana and other plant species have revealed the eminent role of alternative precursor mRNA splicing (AS), which allows fine-tuning the expression of numerous genes including light signaling and photosynthesis-related components in response to the ambient light conditions. Starting from the previous finding that AS changes induced by either light or metabolic signals are linked to phospho-signaling, we applied phospho-proteomics to identify proteins that undergo rapid changes in their phosphorylation status upon exposing etiolated seedlings to either light or sucrose. This approach revealed hyperphosphorylation of RS41, a member of the RS subfamily of serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins. To study the function of the four RS genes RS31 , RS31a , RS40 , and RS41 , a comprehensive set of single and higher order mutants was generated. A complete loss of RS function in the quadruple mutant caused sterility. Moreover, the important role of the RS proteins in seedling photomorphogenesis was demonstrated, with both redundant and specific functions in the regulation of hypocotyl elongation and cotyledon opening. We further identified the critical contribution of the RS proteins to light-dependent alternative splicing, being part of an intricate network of splicing regulatory components. Our study provides novel insight into the complex network of RNA-binding proteins that allow balancing light-responsive splicing and development in Arabidopsis seedlings. RNA splicing ; Seedling ; Alternative splicing ; Splicing factor ; Biology ; Computational biology ; Cell biology ; Genetics ; Gene ; Botany ; Messenger RNA ; RNA Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity
Authors: Xiaojin Lu | Hong Yin | Yifei Wu | Li Zhu | Ke Hong | Qing He | Ziyu Zhou | Gang Dong
Source: Micromachines (article, 2025-09-30)
Field: Materials Science — Ceramics and Composites

Research on Radiation-Hardened RCC Isolated Power Supply for High-Radiation-Field Applications A radiation-hardened RCC (Ring Choke Converter) isolated power supply design is proposed, which provides an innovative solution to the challenge of providing stable power to the PWM controller in DC-DC converters under nuclear radiation environments. By optimizing circuit architecture and component selection, and incorporating transformer isolation and dynamic parameter compensation technology, the RCC maintains an 8.9 V output voltage after exposure to neutron irradiation of 3 × 10<sup>13</sup> n/cm<sup>2</sup>, significantly outperforming conventional designs with a failure threshold of 1 × 10<sup>13</sup> n/cm<sup>2</sup>. For the first time, the degradation mechanisms of VDMOS devices under neutron irradiation during switching operations are systematically revealed: a 32-36% reduction in threshold voltage (with the main power transistor dropping from 5 V to 3.4 V) and an increase in on-resistance. Based on these findings, a selection criterion for power transistors is established, enabling the power supply to achieve a 2 W output in extreme environments such as nuclear power plant monitoring and satellite systems. The results provide a comprehensive solution for radiation-hardened power electronics systems, covering device characteristic analysis to circuit optimization, with significant engineering application value. Switched-mode power supply ; Converters ; Power supply unit ; Transistor ; Power electronics ; Choke ; Transformer ; Power (physics) ; Voltage Advanced ceramic materials synthesis ; Semiconductor materials and devices ; Nuclear Materials and Properties
Authors: F. Javier Garcı́a de Abajo | Cruz I. Velasco
Source: ArXiv.org (preprint, 2025-04-23)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Spectrometer-Free Electron Spectromicroscopy We introduce an approach for performing spectrally resolved electron microscopy without the need for an electron spectrometer. The method involves an electron beam prepared as a coherent superposition of multiple paths, one of which passes near a laser-irradiated specimen. These paths are subsequently recombined, and their interference is measured as a function of laser frequency and beam position. Electron--light scattering introduces inelastic components into the interacting path, thereby disturbing the interference pattern. We implement this concept using two masks placed at conjugate image planes. The masks are complementary and act in tandem to fully suppress electron transmission in the absence of a specimen. However, electron interaction with an illuminated specimen perturbs the imaging condition, enabling electron transmission through the system. For a fixed external light intensity, the transmitted electron current is proportional to the strength of the local optical response in the material. The proposed technique does not require monochromatic electron beams, dramatically simplifying the design of spectrally resolved electron microscopes. Electron ; Cathode ray ; Monochromatic color ; Superposition principle ; Interference (communication) ; Electron microscope ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Electron scattering Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
Authors: Prasanna Ponnusamy | Andrea E. Schmidt
Source: Journal of Physics Condensed Matter (article, 2025-10-21)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A brief perspective on the physics of performance estimation of thermoelectric generators Estimating thermoelectric (TE) performance is vital for guiding thermoelectric research. A thermoelectric generator (TEG) is made of p-type and n-type semiconductor materials and the material properties are typically temperature dependent. Estimating the performance of a TEG involves solving the thermoelectric heat balance equation, and since the TE material properties are temperature dependent, this equation is a second order non-linear partial differential equation. Such equations can only be solved numerically using methods such as finite element methods. As these numerical methods are time consuming and costly, some approximate analytical methods exist, the constant properties model (CPM) being the backbone of all of them. Different papers suggest different modifications and comments on the CPM and it is not clear which assumptions and modifications work for all scenarios. In addition, the physics behind these models is not always completely analyzed. This work presents a critical view on the physics of thermoelectric generation and provides perspective on the commonly claimed errors and misconceptions with CPM, reviewing the popular approaches and suggestions for modifications on the use of CPM. Initially a brief overview of the relevant concepts for theoretical performance estimation of TEGs is presented in order to understand the physics of TEG. Finally, recommendations for the use of these models is provided. Thermoelectric generator ; Thermoelectric effect ; Thermoelectric materials ; Generator (circuit theory) ; Work (physics) ; Perspective (graphical) ; Thermoelectric cooling ; Finite element method ; Seebeck coefficient Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices ; Thermal properties of materials ; Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
Authors: Aida Davila | Adam Kohn
Source: Journal of Neuroscience (article, 2025-02-03)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Adaptation with Naturalistic Textures in Macaque V1 and V2 Adaptation affects neuronal responsivity and selectivity throughout the visual hierarchy. However, because most prior studies have tailored stimuli to a single brain area of interest, we have a poor understanding of how exposure to a particular image alters responsivity and tuning at different stages of visual processing. Here we assess how adaptation with naturalistic textures alters neuronal responsivity and selectivity in primary visual cortex (V1) and area V2 of macaque monkeys. Neurons in both areas respond to textures, but V2 neurons are sensitive to higher-order image statistics which do not strongly modulate V1 responsivity. We tested the specificity of adaptation in each area with textures and spectrally matched "noise" stimuli. Adaptation reduced responsivity in both V1 and V2, but only in V2 was the reduction dependent on the presence of higher-order texture statistics. Despite this specificity, the texture information provided by single neurons and populations was reduced after adaptation, in both V1 and V2. Our results suggest that adaptation effects for a given feature are induced at the stage of processing that tuning for that feature first arises and that stimulus-specific adaptation effects need not result in improved sensory encoding. Adaptation (eye) ; Macaque ; Psychology ; Cognitive psychology ; Neuroscience Textile materials and evaluations
Authors: Uğur Kafkas
Source: Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences (article, 2025-05-31)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A COUPLED MCST-FEM INVESTIGATION OF SIZE-DEPENDENT BUCKLING OF PERFORATED NANOBEAMS ON WINKLER-PASTERNAK FOUNDATION The buckling behavior of perforated nanobeams on elastic foundations has become increasingly important, mainly due to their widespread use in nanostructures and nanotechnology systems. This study investigates the buckling behavior of perforated nanobeams resting on Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundations using Modified Couple Stress Theory (MCST) and the Finite Element Method (FEM). The analysis examines the effects of various parameters, including foundation elasticity, MCST internal length scale, perforation properties, and beam length, on critical buckling loads. Results indicate that increasing both Winkler and Pasternak foundation parameters enhances the critical buckling load, with the Pasternak parameter showing a more pronounced effect due to its incorporation of shear effects. The MCST internal length scale parameter significantly influences nano-beam stability, highlighting the importance of size effects at nanoscale dimensions. Higher filling ratios correlate directly with increased buckling resistance, while a greater number of holes reduces overall structural stiffness and decreases the critical buckling load. Beam length exhibits an inverse relationship with buckling strength; longer beams demonstrate lower critical buckling loads than shorter beams, regardless of the number of holes present. Foundation (evidence) ; Buckling ; Finite element method ; Structural engineering ; Materials science ; Composite material ; Engineering ; Political science Nonlocal and gradient elasticity in micro/nano structures ; Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications ; Microstructure and mechanical properties