jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Kazuki Tajima | Hitoshi Taguchi | Chan Yang Jeong | Haruhisa Akiyama
Source: AIP Advances (article, 2022-10-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Evaluation of thermophysical properties and structure of heat dissipation sheets as thermal interface materials Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are used in the mounting of semiconductor devices for rapid heat transfer from heat source to heat sink. The advantages of using TIMs include a lower total cost, elimination of liquid cooling, lower system cooling, lower power consumption, longer operating life and safety, and improved performance. However, there exist various interfaces called “air gaps” between the heat source and heat sink, resulting in reduced heat transfer at the interface depending on the thermal conductivity of the air layer. In this study, the structure of a typical heat dissipation sheet was examined, and the results were correlated with the distribution characteristics of the thermophysical properties. The distribution of the thermal diffusivity depended on the dispersion and orientation of graphite in the resin, making it difficult to obtain uniform thermal properties. These results suggest the need to develop new TIMs that can adequately fill the voids at the device interface, especially in a heat-dissipating adhesive that is in the liquid form at the time of use. Heat sink ; Thermal diffusivity ; Thermal conductivity ; Materials science ; Heat transfer ; Thermal grease ; Heat spreader ; Thermal contact ; Thermal ; Composite material ; Thermal resistance ; Heat transfer coefficient ; Thermal conduction ; Thermodynamics Thermal properties of materials ; Heat Transfer and Optimization ; Aerogels and thermal insulation
Authors: Junpeng Fang | Qian Wang | CAI Jian | WAN Hanlin | Song Chang-ming | Kai Zheng | ZHOU Yikang
Source: Journal of Mechanical Engineering (article, 2022-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

Research on Low-temperature Bonding Technology Using Metal Nanoparticles Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering 摘要： 三维集成是后摩尔时代异质集成的关键技术路线之一，片间互连是其关键技术。传统的金属热压键合技术由于存在键合温度高和键合时间长的问题，不再适用于三维集成技术的发展需求，新型的具有低温、短时和高可靠性特点的片间互连技术受到广泛关注。提出一种基于磁控溅射制备金属纳米颗粒的低温键合方法。首先采用磁控溅射方法分别进行金属Ag和Au纳米颗粒的制备，并将获得的金属纳米颗粒作为键合界面的修饰层应用于低温键合试验，实现了键合温度在200℃以内、键合时间为3 min的低温短时热压键合。接下来对键合之后的样品进行了剪切强度测试和表征，结果表明采用Ag纳米颗粒作为纳米修饰层的键合样品的平均剪切强度超过了10 MPa，采用Au纳米颗粒修饰的键合样品的平均剪切强度超过了15 MPa，且上述剪切强度都超过了Cr和二氧化硅之间的薄膜粘附强度，能够满足后续工艺的要求。此外还分别观测了不同样品的键合界面微观组织形貌，并且据此分析了基于磁控溅射制备金属纳米颗粒的低温键合技术的键合机理。 Materials science ; Sputter deposition ; Cavity magnetron ; Nanoparticle ; Metal ; Sputtering ; Optoelectronics ; Nanotechnology ; Metallurgy ; Thin film Material Properties and Applications ; Advancements in Materials Engineering ; Polymer Science and Applications
Authors: Paweł Żurawski
Source: MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY (article, 2022-10-06)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Analysis of the Welding Process of Steel Pistons of Internal Combustion Engines The aim of the article is to analyze the friction welding process of steel pistons, due to the small amount of scientific literature on this subject. First, it is necessary to present the design fea-tures of steel pistons and their advantages and disadvantages. Then analyze the types of friction weld-ing processes used in the production of pistons of internal combustion engines with the analysis of their differences. Present two basic methods of welding in the production of steel pistons, i.e. friction butt welding and low pressure friction welding. Finally, a proper analysis of the friction welding pro-cesses of steel pistons of internal combustion engines can be presented. At the end, the conclusions of the analysis are presented and proposals for improving the process are made. Welding ; Friction welding ; Mechanical engineering ; Butt welding ; Combustion ; Materials science ; Internal combustion engine ; Process (computing) ; Electric resistance welding ; Piston (optics) ; Metallurgy ; Engineering ; Computer science ; Physics ; Chemistry Metal Alloys Wear and Properties ; Engineering Technology and Methodologies ; Surface Treatment and Coatings
Authors: Qiang Zhu | Byungkyun Kang | Kevin Parrish
Source: MRS Communications (article, 2022-09-30)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Symmetry relation database and its application to ferroelectric materials discovery Ferroelectricity ; Materials science ; Symmetry (geometry) ; Polar ; Phase transition ; Database ; Relation (database) ; Phase (matter) ; Scale (ratio) ; Crystal structure ; Condensed matter physics ; Computer science ; Crystallography ; Physics ; Geometry ; Quantum mechanics ; Optoelectronics ; Mathematics ; Dielectric Machine Learning in Materials Science ; X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography ; Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials
Authors: I. YU. UKHARTSEVA | Е. А. TSVETKOVA | V. A. GOLDADE | В. М. Шаповалов
Source: Polymer materials and technologies (article, 2022-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MANUFACTURING CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING FOR FOOD PRODUCTS (REVIEW) Food packaging ; Business ; Manufacturing engineering ; Engineering ; Mechanical engineering Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging ; Consumer Packaging Perceptions and Trends ; biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
Authors: Hyunbin Kim | Milot Mirdita | Martin Steinegger
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2022-12-12)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Foldcomp: a library and format for compressing and indexing large protein structure sets Summary Highly accurate protein structure predictors have generated hundreds of millions of protein structures; these pose a challenge in terms of storage and processing. Here we present Foldcomp, a novel lossy structure compression algorithm and indexing system to address this challenge. By using a combination of internal and cartesian coordinates and a bi-directional NeRF-based strategy, Foldcomp improves the compression ratio by a factor of 3 compared to the next best method. Its reconstruction error of 0.08Å is comparable to the best lossy compressor. It is 5 times faster than the next fastest compressor and competes with the fastest decompressors. With its multi-threading implementation and a Python interface that allows for easy database downloads and efficient querying of protein structures by accession, Foldcomp is a powerful tool for managing and analyzing large collections of protein structures. Availability Foldcomp is a free open-source library and command-line software available for Linux, macOS and Windows at https://foldcomp.foldseek.com . Foldcomp provides the AlphaFold Swiss-Prot (2.9GB), TrEMBL (1.1TB) and ESMatlas HQ (114GB) database ready-for-download. Computer science ; Lossy compression ; Python (programming language) ; Search engine indexing ; Data structure ; Data compression ; Operating system ; Data mining ; Information retrieval ; Algorithm Enzyme Structure and Function ; Protein Structure and Dynamics ; Algorithms and Data Compression
Authors: Juerg Straubhaar | Alexandria K. D’Souza | Zachary Niziolek | Bogdan Budnik
Source: ChemRxiv (preprint, 2022-06-13)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Single Cell Proteomics Analysis of Drug Response Shows its Potential as a Drug Discovery Platform Single-cell analysis has clearly established itself in biology and biomedical fields as an invaluable tool that allows one to comprehensively understand the relationship between cells, including their types, states, transitions, trajectories, and spatial position. Scientific methods such as fluorescence labeling, nanoscale super-resolution microscopy, advances in single cell RNAseq and proteomics technologies, provide more detailed information about biological processes which were not evident with the analysis of bulk material. This new era of single-cell biology provides a better understanding of such complex biological systems as cancer, inflammation, immunity mechanism and aging processes, and opens the door into the field of drug response heterogeneity. The latest discoveries of cellular heterogeneity gives us an unique understanding of complex biological processes, such as disease mechanism, and will lead to new strategies for better and personalized treatment strategies. Recently, single-cell proteomics techniques that allow quantification of thousands of proteins from single mammalian cells have been introduced. Here we present an improved single-cell mass spectrometry-based proteomics platform called SCREEN (Single Cell pRotEomE aNalysis) for deep and high-throughput single-cell proteome coverage with high efficiency, less turnaround time and with an improved ability for protein quantitation across more cells than previously achieved. We applied this new platform to analyze the single-cell proteomic landscape under different drug treatment over time to uncover heterogeneity in cancer cell response, which for the first time, to our knowledge, has been achieved by mass spectrometry based analytical methods. We discuss challenges in single-cell proteomics, future improvements and general trends with the goal to encourage forthcoming technical developments. Proteomics ; Proteome ; Computational biology ; Drug discovery ; Single-cell analysis ; Mass cytometry ; Systems biology ; Mechanism (biology) ; Computer science ; Drug response ; Cell ; Biology ; Nanotechnology ; Bioinformatics ; Drug ; Physics ; Materials science ; Genetics Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics ; Cell Image Analysis Techniques
Authors: Yahya Yahya | Indra Gunawan
Source: International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS) (article, 2022-01-19)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Design of JIB Crane 600 kg Electric Powered As it is known that the construction of high-rise buildings requires a tool in the form of a JIB Crane, which is used to transport materials from the bottom to the top. This JIB Crane is installed at the top of the tall building. In this case to design this tool requires welding and also a hook that is able to withstand the load being transported and moved. In this plan, the material must be chosen and also careful calculations for certain parts such as welded joints. In this study, a JIB Crane was designed with an electric drive to carry a load of 600 kg. And based on the calculations obtained, the load supported by the construction of the JIB Crane design is able to withstand the load where the load from the design is greater than the load that occurs. Welding ; Hook ; Structural engineering ; Engineering ; Design load ; Marine engineering ; Mechanical engineering Material Selection and Properties ; Soil, Finite Element Methods ; Mechanical Engineering and Vibrations Research
Authors: Gleb O. Alcybeev | Dmitriy P. Goloskokov | Аlexander V. Matrosov
Source: Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University Applied Mathematics Computer Science Control Processes (article, 2022-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

The superposition method in the problem of bending of a thin isotropic plate clamped along the contour In this work, the general solution of the differential equation for the bending of a thin isotropic plate under the action of a normal load applied to its plane is constructed by the superposition method. The solutions obtained by the method of initial functions in the form of trigonometric series are taken as two solutions, each of which allows satisfying the boundary conditions on two opposite sides of the plate. Two ways of satisfying the boundary conditions of a clamped plate are studied: the method of expansion into trigonometric Fourier series and the collocation method. It is shown that both methods give the same results and sufficiently fast convergence of the solution at all points of the plate except for small neighborhoods of the corner points. The constructed solution made it possible to study the behavior of the shear force in the corner points. Computational experiments have shown that when keeping 390 terms in the trigonometric series of the solution, the shear force is close to zero, but not identically equal. Trigonometric series ; Isotropy ; Fourier series ; Mathematical analysis ; Mathematics ; Superposition principle ; Bending of plates ; Series (stratigraphy) ; Boundary value problem ; Bending ; Trigonometric functions ; Geometry ; Physics ; Optics Material Properties and Applications ; Structural mechanics and materials ; Advanced Theoretical and Applied Studies in Material Sciences and Geometry
Authors: Dennis J. Paustenbach | Robert D. Gibbons
Source: Critical Reviews in Toxicology (review, 2022-08-09)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Radiological risk assessment of the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard (HPNS) Hunters Point Naval Shipyard in San Francisco, California was deemed a Superfund site by the USEPA in 1989 due to chemical and radiological contamination resulting from U.S. Navy operations from 1939 to 1974. During characterization and remediation efforts, over 50,000 radiological soil samples and 19,000 air samples were collected. This risk assessment, conducted in accordance with federal guidelines, represents the first comprehensive evaluation of past, present, and future health risks associated with radionuclides present at the site. The assessment indicated that before site remediation, most radionuclide soil concentrations were at or near local background concentrations. Had such low remedial goals not been established, significant remediation of surface soils would not have been necessary to protect human health. The pre-remediation lifetime incremental cancer morbidity risks for on-site workers and theoretical on-site residents due to radionuclide contamination were found to be 1.3 × 10<sup>-6</sup> and 3.2 × 10<sup>-6</sup>, respectively. The post-remediation risks to future on-site residents were found to be 6.3 × 10<sup>-8</sup> (without durable cover) and 3.7 × 10<sup>-8</sup> (with durable cover), while post-remediation risks to on-site workers were found to be 2.6 × 10<sup>-8</sup> (without durable cover) and 1.6 × 10<sup>-8</sup> (with durable cover). Risk estimates for all scenarios were found to be significantly below the acceptable risk of 3 × 10<sup>-4</sup> approved by regulatory agencies. Upwind and downwind air samples collected during remediation indicate that remediation activities never posed a measurable risk to off-site residents. This risk assessment emphasizes the importance of establishing clear and scientifically rigorous soil remedial goals at sites as well as understanding local radionuclide background concentrations. Environmental remediation ; Risk assessment ; Environmental science ; Radiological weapon ; Radionuclide ; Superfund ; Contamination ; Remedial action ; Environmental health ; Waste management ; Environmental protection ; Environmental engineering ; Hazardous waste ; Engineering ; Medicine Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies ; Nuclear and radioactivity studies ; Risk and Safety Analysis
Authors: Lei Li | Liping Tang | Fengtao Han | Shenghui Wang | Yang Gao | Yingying Qiao | Chongxin Shan
Source: IEEE photonics journal (article, 2022-04-22)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Enhanced Sensitivity of CO Photoacoustic Sensors Using Empirical Mode Decomposition Denoising Algorithm A CO sensor based on photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) with empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm is investigated and demonstrated in this paper. In the PAS system, the complicated photo-thermal-acoustic conversion is a nonlinear and non-stationary process and contains various noise. In order to compensate the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the EMD is introduced in the PAS system to deal with the photoacoustic signal. The experimental results show that a gain factor of ∼3.0 on the SNR is achieved and the sensor has an excellent linear response to the gas concentration. The minimum detection level (MDL) for CO detection is reduced to 1.14 ppm with a 300 ms integrated time at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Hilbert–Huang transform ; Photoacoustic spectroscopy ; Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine ; Sensitivity (control systems) ; SIGNAL (programming language) ; Photoacoustic effect ; Noise (video) ; Materials science ; Noise reduction ; Atmospheric pressure ; Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging) ; Nonlinear system ; Acoustics ; Computer science ; Optics ; Electronic engineering ; Physics ; Artificial intelligence ; Engineering ; Telecommunications Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
Authors: Cristina Yepes | S. Maci | Sergei Tretyakov | Enrica Martini
Source: EPJ Applied Metamaterials (article, 2022-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

On the role of spatial dispersion in boundary conditions for perfect non-specular reflection Exact solutions for perfect anomalous reflection through metasurfaces have been recently developed in terms of both ideal nondispersive impenetrable boundary conditions (BCs) and penetrable BCs on top of a grounded slab. The second model is more accurate for the description of metasurfaces realized in PCB technology. Focusing on this particular class of metasurfaces, this paper investigates the connection between the two solutions, with the aim to clarify the role of spatial dispersion. It is shown that the two solutions can be related through an equivalent transmission network where transmission lines with different wavenumbers are associated to the incident and reflected waves. Finally, numerical analyses are carried out to assess the impact of neglecting spatial dispersion, as it is done in designs based on a linear phase gradient of the local reflection coefficient. Specular reflection ; Reflection (computer programming) ; Dispersion (optics) ; Boundary (topology) ; Spatial dispersion ; Optics ; Wavenumber ; Transmission (telecommunications) ; Slab ; Connection (principal bundle) ; Physics ; Reflection coefficient ; Boundary value problem ; Mathematical analysis ; Geometry ; Mathematics ; Computer science ; Telecommunications ; Geophysics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Antenna Design and Analysis
Authors: <p>Yanan Yang</p>
Source: Academic Journal of Computing & Information Science (article, 2022-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

The skinning in character animation: A survey The skinning in the character animation is always one of the vital research contents in computer animation. In recent years, with the rapid development of the 3D game, animation, and film special effects production industry, the requirements for character skin technology have gradually increased, and the innovative development of skin technology has also received more and more attention from researchers, resulting in the birth of many new methods and technologies. This article focuses on analyzing different methods of skinning technology, which can be roughly divided into four categories: Direct Skinning Methods, Automatic Skinning, Example-based Shape Deformation, and Direct Delta Skinning. The contents and details of each method are listed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the above methods are compared and analyzed. Finally, aiming at the shortcomings in the current work, some problems that can be further studied are proposed. Skinning ; Animation ; Character (mathematics) ; Computer science ; Computer graphics (images) ; Skeletal animation ; Computer animation ; Anime ; Human–computer interaction ; Multimedia ; Engineering drawing ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer facial animation ; Engineering Textile materials and evaluations ; Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques ; 3D Shape Modeling and Analysis
Authors: Michelle L. Kovarik | Jill K. Robinson | Thomas J. Wenzel
Source: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry (article, 2022-04-22)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

A new resource to help instructors incorporate active learning into analytical chemistry courses Medical laboratory ; Resource (disambiguation) ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Chemistry ; Computer science ; Mathematics education ; Engineering ; Chromatography ; Psychology ; Medicine Various Chemistry Research Topics ; Innovative Teaching Methods ; Experimental Learning in Engineering
Authors: Arulmurugan Senthilnathan | Pınar Acar
Source: AIAA Journal (article, 2022-04-21)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Multiscale Modeling for Texture and Grain Topology of Polycrystalline Microstructures Under Uncertainty The present work addresses multiscale modeling for grain topology of polycrystalline microstructures under the effects of the microstructural uncertainties. The special focus is on the titanium-7wt%-aluminum alloy (Ti-7Al), which is a candidate material for many aerospace systems owing to its outstanding mechanical performance in elevated temperatures. The electron backscatter diffraction samples of Ti-7Al in small-scales are used to reconstruct the alloy microstructures in larger domains. The reconstruction provides a statistically equivalent synthetic representation to the small-scale test samples while introducing epistemic uncertainty on microstructural features. Here, the grain topology of the polycrystalline microstructures is quantified using shape moment invariants. These invariant parameters can capture the shapes of physical objects with a numerical representation, and they are invariant to shape transformations. To quantify the effects of the uncertainties on the homogenized properties of the microstructures, a surrogate model is developed as a function of shape moment invariants with Gaussian process regression by utilizing the experiments and crystal plasticity simulations for training data. Materials science ; Microstructure ; Crystallite ; Texture (cosmology) ; Invariant (physics) ; Topology (electrical circuits) ; Electron backscatter diffraction ; Titanium alloy ; Statistical physics ; Composite material ; Metallurgy ; Alloy ; Mathematics ; Computer science ; Physics ; Artificial intelligence Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Enzyme Structure and Function ; Microstructure and mechanical properties