jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Gerardo Marx Chávez-Campos | Y. Campos | Héctor Javier Vergara–Hernández | Octavio Vázquez–Gómez | Pascual Neftali Chávez Campos | Sixtos Antonio Arreola-Villa
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2023-06-15)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Analysis of Steel Electrical-Resistance Kinetics during High-Temperature Experiments using an Embedded System Kinetics ; Materials science ; Electrical resistance and conductance ; Resistance (ecology) ; Electrical resistivity and conductivity ; Composite material ; Metallurgy ; Electrical engineering ; Engineering ; Physics ; Biology Magnetic Properties and Applications ; Non-Destructive Testing Techniques ; Material Properties and Failure Mechanisms
Authors: Ghanashyam Mahato | Rajani Kanta Mahato
Source: Journal of Scientific Enquiry (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Identification of secondary metabolites and fatty acids in Curculigo orchioides Gaertn., an important ethnomedicinal plant Curculigo orchioides Gaertn, is a herb belonging to family Amaryllidaceae. The plant possesses aromatic smell and used by ethnic community (Majhi, Munda, Santal, Birhor, Ho and Rajwar) from Purulia district, West Bengal, India as a whole either topically or orally in various monoherbal and polyherbal formulations for the treatment of various skin diseases such as carbuncle, acne, pimple and ulcer. However, there is no scientific database on secondary metabolites and fatty acids of the plant yet. So, main emphasis of the present study is given on secondary metabolites and fatty acids of the plant. Secondary metabolites and fatty acids were analyses by HPLC (High-performance Liquid Chromatography) and GCMS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry). HPLC study revealed the presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. GCMS analyses identified the presence of saturated fatty acids in the range of C14 to C26 and C18 and C20 as unsaturated fatty acids. Assured levels of secondary metabolites along with fatty acids in the studied plant part support the ethnobotanical claim done by traditional healers. High-performance liquid chromatography ; Chemistry ; Traditional medicine ; Herb ; Secondary metabolite ; Medicinal herbs ; Fatty acid ; Primary metabolite ; Metabolite ; Terpenoid ; Chromatography ; Organic chemistry ; Medicine ; Biochemistry Chemical synthesis and alkaloids
Authors: Guoliang WANG | Huiling Du | Wenjun WANG | Jiangui ZHAO | Hong Li | Erhu Guo | Zhiwei Li
Source: INMATEH Agricultural Engineering (article, 2023-04-30)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

RESEARCH ON PREDICTION OF SOIL ORGANIC MATTER CONTENT BASED ON HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING Soil nutrient content is an important index to evaluate the growing environment of crops. Rapid access to soil nutrient information is an important requirement for the development of modern precision agriculture, while the detection of soil organic matter content is a necessary condition for understanding the basic soil fertility and implementing crop precision cultivation. In this paper, the soil of rural fields in the southeast of Shanxi Province before sowing was taken as the research object. 111 soil samples to be tested were collected. After the process of drying, impurity removal and grinding, the hyperspectral data of the Region of interest (ROI) of the samples were collected, and then the chemical determination of soil organic matter content was conducted. The original spectral data matrix was pretreated by numerical transformation operations, such as arithmetic mean, average deviation, 1st derivation, natural logarithm and mixed multiplication, and a Partial least square regression (PLSR) quantitative analysis model was established. In these models, the obtained prediction set RP value under the pretreatment of F(A)*ln(AD) was the highest, reaching 0.8859. For spectral data preprocessed by F(A)* Ln (AD), the Competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) algorithm and Random frog (RF) algorithm were used to select key variables. The PLSR model was established by using F(A)* Ln (AD)&amp;CARS data processing method, and the RP value was increased to 0.9545. The prediction results can accurately reflect the real content of soil organic matter. The results of this study can provide theoretical support for the application of hyperspectral imaging technology in the determination of soil organic matter content, and provide a reference for the rapid detection of other soil components. Hyperspectral imaging ; Soil organic matter ; Soil fertility ; Partial least squares regression ; Organic matter ; Environmental science ; Sampling (signal processing) ; Soil science ; Water content ; Mathematics ; Computer science ; Statistics ; Soil water ; Artificial intelligence ; Chemistry ; Computer vision Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping ; Remote Sensing in Agriculture
Authors: Greta Jacobson | Juan M. Marmolejo‐Tejada | Martín A. Mosquera
Source: ChemPhysChem (article, 2023-02-28)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Cluster Amplitudes and Their Interplay with Self‐Consistency in Density Functional Methods Abstract The front cover artwork is provided by the Mosquera group at Montana State University, Bozeman. The image shows theoretical elements involved in the density‐functional calculations that are free of spurious fractional charges. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202200592 . Spurious relationship ; Cluster (spacecraft) ; Consistency (knowledge bases) ; Density functional theory ; Front cover ; Cover (algebra) ; Amplitude ; Physics ; Statistical physics ; Computer science ; Quantum mechanics ; Mathematics ; Statistics ; Geometry ; Engineering Inorganic Fluorides and Related Compounds ; Advanced Chemical Physics Studies ; Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
Authors: T.Manoj Pradap | K. Arthi
Source:  (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Rice Quality Analysis by Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network Riceisavitalfoodcropthatplaysacrucialroleinensuring food security worldwide.The quality of rice grains is acritical factor that determines its market value and its suitabilityfor human consumption.Traditional methods of assessing ricequality are time-consuming, expensive, and subjective.In thispaper, we propose a deep learning-based approach for analysingthequalityofricegrainsandclassifyingthemintodifferen tcategories.Our approach involves the use of VGG16 model toautomatically extract features from rice grain images and classifythem based on their quality.We trained our VGG16 on a datasetof rice grain images,which were annotated withinformationontheirquality.Thedatasetwasdividedintothree qualitycategories:high,medium,andlow.Weusedapreprocessingstepto normalize the images and remove any noise.We then trainedourVGG16 using a supervised learning approach,optimizingthe cross-entropy lossfunctionwith the Adamoptimizer.Weevaluatedtheperformanceofourapproachon aseparatetestset ofrice grains,whichwere notused in the training phase.Our experimental results show that our proposed deep learning-based approach achieved a better accuracy in classifying ricegrains into different qualitycategories.Wealsoperformedasensitivity analysis to investigate the impact of various factors,suchasimageresolutionandnetworkarchitecture,onthepe rformance of our approach.Our results suggest that higherimage resolution and deeper network architectures can improvethe accuracy ofour method.Our proposed approach has thepotential to revolutionize the riceindustry byproviding an automated,objective,andefficientwayof analyzing the quality of rice grains.The proposed method can be used to ensure that ricemeets the required standards for human consumption, leading tobetter food security and safety. Convolutional neural network ; Computer science ; Quality (philosophy) ; Artificial intelligence ; Pattern recognition (psychology) Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
Authors: D. V. Borysiuk | Anatoly Spirin | V. J. Zelinskyi
Source: Scientific Works of Vinnytsia National Technical University (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE DETERMINATION OF TECHNICAL STATE OF ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM OF «KIA CEE'D» MOTOR VEHICLE ENGINE (Eng) Rapid progress in the sphere of electronics and electrical engineering during last years and decades resulted in drastic increase of the number of electronic components in the motor vehicle. Along with hydraulics and pneumatics electronics penetrated in all the components of modern motor vehicle. Separate electronic components and complex electronic systems become more compact, cheaper and at the same time, more efficient. New possibilities for the application of electronics in the motor vehicle emerge, enabling to enlarge the volume of the available functions. The given study contains the analysis of the methods and means of diagnostics of electronic systems of the automobile transport. It is established that available methods and means of diagnostics of the engine electronic control system do not allow to determine completely the current technical state, it requires the development of mathematical models for their diagnostics. As the object of diagnostics the electronic control system of the motor vehicle «Kia Cee'd» engine was chosen. The research contains the analysis of the components of the control system of motor vehicle «Kia Cee'd», as the object of diagnostics. Replacement of real technical devices by their idealized models enables to apply various mathematical methods. Mathematical model, which represents the system of functional dependences between each diagnostic signal and structural parameter is suggested in general form. Diagnostic matrix, comprising the list of faults and features of faults is composed for the control system of the motor vehicles «Kia Cee'd». By means of the developed mathematical model it is possible to improve information-measuring part of the diagnostic devices software, this enables to perform efficiently diagnostics of the control system of motor vehicles «Kia Cee'd» engines. In the process of mathematical model development it is taken into account that the reverse transformation of the faults features quantity in the quantity of structural parameters (faults) of the object was single-valued. Studies of the suggested mathematical model for the diagnostics of the electronic control system of motor vehicle «Kia Cee'd» engine enable to reveal the faults of the engine systems depending on their features, this will enhance the term of faultless operation both of the engine and transport vehicle. State (computer science) ; Automotive engineering ; Control (management) ; Engineering ; Aeronautics ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence Material Properties and Applications ; Industrial Engineering and Technologies ; Technical Engine Diagnostics and Monitoring
Authors: Alastair Gunn | Jim Hannah | Andrew Ball | Tom Boles | Allan Chapman | Mike Edmunds | Jane Greaves | Mike Hapgood | Richard Holme | Ian Howarth | David Hughes | Katherine Joy | Margaret Penston | Claire Parnell | Roberto Trotta | Althea Wilkinson | Allan Anderson | James Banister | Preston Blowers | Alice Bru | John London | Durham Card | Stockton-On-Tees Cheng | Stephen Cookson | Nathan Crawley | Timothy Cox | Charles Craig | Dalang | Anthony London | Auchtermuchty Davis | The Bram De Winter | Bora Netherlands | Harpenden Derin | Kumar Praveen | Dhankar | Georgina Dransfield | Gt Malvern | Graeme Eddolls | Fergus Edwin | David Fraser | Durban North | Africa South | Pranjal Fung | Kelly-Anne Garg | Godbold | Andreas Shropshire | Leamington Hadjigeorghiou | Oliver Spa | Ian Hall | Lyra Hall | Kingston Hawkins | Timothy Hull | Durham Hayton | Hilary Don | Hettiarachchi | Sri Kurunegala | James Lanka | Hampshire Hill | Elizabeth Ines | Jodie Hurrell | Deborah Kelly | St Kent | Mishita Andrews | Adarsh Khurana | Krishna | Tharika Dishani | Lamappulage Donn | Frank London | Serena Latallerie | Lezzi | Maximilian Lowe | St Neots | Duncan Mcnicholl | Edinburgh Lola | Eve Newbould | Luke Durham | Kallang Ng | Whampoa | Shritej Singapore | Patil | Jessica Hatfield | Pilling | Marta Hove | Milton Podgorny | Cristian Keynes | Meghna Radulescu | Ranpuria | Mirza London | Rizwan | India Hyderabad | Joshua Roach | Stanway | Oliver Lancaster | Stewart | Harriet Durham | Colleen Stewart | Sun | Diane Durham | Lara Swan | Tatli
Source: Astronomy & Geophysics (article, 2023-09-29)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

A&amp;G Volume 64 Issue 5, Full Issue Cold outside, and no kind Volume (thermodynamics) ; Physics ; Thermodynamics Aerogels and thermal insulation ; Earthquake and Disaster Impact Studies ; Diverse Scientific and Economic Studies
Authors: Parnajyoti Karmakar
Source: Journal of Scientific Enquiry (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Prussian blue and Turnbull’s blue: History &amp; Chemistry Prussian blue and Turnbull's blue are two known compounds to undergraduate chemistry students. These two pigments are frequently synthesized in chemistry laboratories during the qualitative tests for the detection of nitrogen as a special element in organic compounds and spot tests in the classical analytical chemistry of iron. However, these compounds have a rich history and exciting chemistry that any chemistry student should be aware of. The objective of this article is to familiarize chemistry students to the interesting history and chemistry of Prussian blue and Turnbull’s blue. Prussian blue ; Chemistry ; Blue light ; General chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Physical chemistry ; Electrochemistry ; Optics ; Physics Various Chemistry Research Topics ; History and advancements in chemistry ; Cancer and biochemical research
Authors: Dana Emily Westmoreland | Patricia Feliciano | Catherine L. Drennan
Source: Biophysical Journal (article, 2023-02-01)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Structural investigation of 2′-azido-2′-deoxyribonucleoside-5′-diphosphate inhibition of class Ia Escherichia coli ribonucleotide reductase Ribonucleotide reductase ; Ribonucleotide ; Escherichia coli ; Protein subunit ; Biochemistry ; Adenosylcobalamin ; Enzyme ; Chemistry ; Allosteric regulation ; Active site ; Deoxyribonucleoside ; Nucleotide ; Random hexamer ; Stereochemistry ; Deoxyribonucleotides ; Biology ; Cofactor ; Gene Metal-Catalyzed Oxygenation Mechanisms ; Metal complexes synthesis and properties ; DNA Repair Mechanisms
Authors: Wellington Tafireyi | Max Littlewood | Hemaka Bandulasena | Anna Trybała | Víctor M. Starov
Source: Colloids and Interfaces (article, 2023-05-04)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Superspreading Surfactant on Hydrophobic Porous Substrates The wetting behavior of droplets of aqueous surfactant solutions over hydrophobic thin PVDF porous membrane and non-porous hydrophobic PVDF film is investigated for small (~10 μL) droplets of aqueous trisiloxane surfactant solutions: superspreader S 240. The time dependencies of contact angle, droplet radius, wetted area and volume were monitored as well as penetration into the porous substrate. It is shown that the fast spreading of droplets of trisiloxane solutions takes place both in the case of porous and non-porous substrates at a concentration above some critical concentration. It was found that the trisiloxane droplets penetrate into the hydrophobic porous substrates and disappear much faster than on a corresponding hydrophobic non-porous substrate, which was not observed before. This phenomenon is referred to as “superpenetration”. Pulmonary surfactant ; Wetting ; Contact angle ; Porosity ; Chemical engineering ; Aqueous solution ; Materials science ; Porous medium ; Penetration (warfare) ; Substrate (aquarium) ; Hydrophobe ; Chemistry ; Composite material ; Organic chemistry Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity ; Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies ; Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer
Authors: Hanan Yousif Abbas | Abdulhamid Hussain Marzouq | Wesam Ali Alghamdi | Mohammad Samir Mangl
Source: Clinical Cancer Investigation Journal (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Radiation Protection Measurement in Different Buildings of King Abdulaziz University, and Evaluation of Awareness among Employees The study aims to measure ionizing radiation in different buildings of King Abdulaziz University and evaluate awareness among the University&#39;s employees. Twenty buildings in the University were surveyed in order to measure the ionizing radiation emitted from the buildings. These buildings are classified as new and old buildings while noting that the construction of the new buildings has made use of a range of radiation-emitting sources. The sodium iodide survey meters (Fh-40 and Dsm-500-Sn: Medicine ; Radiation protection ; Medical education ; Nuclear medicine Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies
Authors: Orlando Preti | Fabio Elias Dalagnolo | Manar N. Krmasha | Kassim S. Al-Rubaie
Source: Matéria (Rio de Janeiro) (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Avaliação do desgaste hidroabrasivo em diferentes ligas de impulsores centrífugos submersíveis utilizados no bombeamento de esgoto em estações elevatórias RESUMO Nos impulsores das bombas centrífugas submersíveis instaladas nas estações elevatórias de esgoto, ocorrem perdas prematuras por desgaste hidroabrasivo, reduzindo drasticamente a eficiência hidráulica e aumento das despesas energéticas do equipamento. A finalidade deste estudo é de contribuir na melhor escolha de material, minimizando as perdas, a partir do desgaste hidroabrasivo das ligas de aço inoxidável super duplex, ferro fundido cinzento temperado e ferro fundido branco de alto cromo, comumente utilizadas em bombas. Além disso, analisou-se o aspecto macrossuperficial das amostras após o ensaio hidroabrasivo. Os testes de desgaste hidroabrasivo foram realizados em uma solução 10:1 de água e areia sílica em duas velocidades de 5,2 m/s e 7,1 m/s. Os testes foram realizados num hidroabrasômetro por 216 horas, com medições de perda de massa feitas em intervalos de 24 horas. Os resultados mostraram que nas velocidades de 5,2 m/s e 7,1 m/s a perda de massa é linear e progressiva, sendo menos acentuada na liga de ferro fundido branco de alto cromo com menor perda de massa ao desgaste hidroabrasivo. Na velocidade de teste de 7,1 m/s resultou em maiores perdas de massa nas ligas estudadas do que a velocidade de teste de 5,2 m/s. As perdas de massa devido ao desgaste hidroabrasivo das ligas investigadas foram relacionadas à dureza, às características microestruturais e à morfologia das superfícies desgastadas. Esses fatores foram utilizados para descrever os resultados e justificar o melhor e o pior desempenho das ligas investigadas. Portanto, o ferro fundido de alto cromo (FBACr) apresentou o melhor desempenho devido a sua alta dureza decorrente de suas características microestruturais (matriz e M7C3), e superfície desgastada que apresenta aspecto brilhante e polido com menos crateras e sulcos que as demais ligas estudadas. Physics ; Humanities ; Art Metal Alloys Wear and Properties ; Metal and Thin Film Mechanics ; Advanced materials and composites
Authors: Dongwoo T. Chung
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-09-06)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Constraining the halo-ISM connection through multi-transition carbon monoxide line-intensity mapping Line-intensity mapping (LIM) surveys will characterise the cosmological large-scale structure of emissivity in a range of atomic and molecular spectral lines, but existing literature rarely considers whether these surveys can recover excitation properties of the tracer gas species, such as the carbon monoxide (CO) molecule. Combining basic empirical and physical assumptions with the off-the-shelf Radex radiative transfer code or a Gaussian process emulator of Radex outputs, we devise a basic dark matter halo model for CO emission by tying bulk CO properties to halo properties, exposing physical variables governing CO excitation as free parameters. The CO Mapping Array Project (COMAP) is working towards a multi-band survey programme to observe both CO(1-0) and CO(2-1) at $z\sim7$. We show that this programme, as well as a further 'Triple Deluxe' extension to higher frequencies covering CO(3-2), is fundamentally capable of successfully recovering the connection between halo mass and CO abundances, and constraining the molecular gas kinetic temperature and density within the star-forming interstellar medium in ways that single-transition CO LIM cannot. Given a fiducial thermal pressure of $\sim10^4$ K cm$^{-3}$ for molecular gas in halos of $\sim10^{10}\,M_\odot$, simulated multi-band COMAP surveys successfully recover the thermal pressure within 68% interval half-widths of 0.5--0.6 dex. Construction of multi-frequency LIM instrumentation to access multiple CO transitions is crucial in harnessing this capability, as part of a cosmic statistical probe of gas metallicity, dust chemistry, and other physical parameters in star-forming regions of the first galaxies and proto-galaxies out of reionisation. Astrophysics ; Physics ; Metallicity ; Radiative transfer ; Halo ; Interstellar medium ; Carbon monoxide ; Mean kinetic temperature ; Molecular cloud ; Emissivity ; Rotational transition ; Line (geometry) ; Star formation ; Atomic physics ; Galaxy ; Chemistry ; Stars ; Geometry ; Optics ; Quantum mechanics Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena ; Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
Authors: Orfel L. Bejarin | Arnel C. Fajardo
Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS (article, 2023-08-04)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Analysis of Rough Rice Moisture Content through Infrared Thermography (IRT) Rough rice's moisture content should be measured in order to ensure its quality, preservation, and proper handling all through storage and processing. When assessing and monitoring the quality of agricultural products, such as rough rice, moisture content is an important consideration. For measuring the moisture content of various agricultural products, infrared thermography (IRT) is a quick and easy non-destructive technique that has shown effectiveness. Traditional methods for determining moisture content require a long time and require sample destruction. Images of the sample were captured with a FLIR ONE thermal camera. The average value of the pixels in the thermal image was applied to create a thermal index that represented each sample. This study aims to investigate the feasibility and accuracy of IRT as a method for analysing the moisture content of rough rice. The results of the study showed that 87.30% accuracy when measuring moisture content was achieved with infrared thermography. Based to the results, rough rice's moisture content may be accurately identified through infrared thermography evaluation using wavelengths analysis. The use of non-contact, non- destructive methods to measure the moisture content of rough rice can be highly beneficial to farmers, rice millers, and other relevant governmental organizations. The results demonstrate the potential of infrared thermography as a rapid and non-destructive tool for moisture content evaluation in rough rice, offering significant advantages in terms of time efficiency and sample preservation. Thermography ; Water content ; Moisture ; Environmental science ; Sample (material) ; Infrared ; Materials science ; Remote sensing ; Composite material ; Engineering ; Geography ; Optics ; Geotechnical engineering Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research ; Meat and Animal Product Quality