jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Danila A. Barskiy
Source: Preprints.org (preprint, 2024-04-02)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Molecules, up Your Spins! The last 50 years witnessed the emergence of various so called &amp;ldquo;hyperpolarization technologies&amp;rdquo; that allow generating large magnetizations of spin ensembles. This Editorial Essay provides a brief overview of the use of these technologies in various fields, including medicine, chemistry, and quantum sensing. It is concluded that critical questions still need to be addressed to harness benefits of nuclear hyperpolarization in clinical medical imaging while interdisciplinary innovation can unlock potential of novel (yet unexplored) methods. My hope is that this Editorial Essay provides valuable insights into the current state and future directions of spin technologies. Spins ; Physics ; Condensed matter physics Various Chemistry Research Topics
Authors: Zhimin Yan | Bo Qiao | Wei Yang | Lei Zhang | Yanjie Le | Zhe Zheng
Source: Applied Sciences (article, 2024-12-19)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Comparison of DC XLPE Insulation Under Two Manufacturing Processes: From Electrical Tree to Molecular Weight Distribution High-performance cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) is currently employed in ultra-high-voltage direct current (UHVDC) cables, with the electrical tree being an important cause of DC cable breakdown. The comparison of XLPE samples under different manufacturing processes can provide a reference for the progress of cable production processes. This paper compares laboratory-prepared XLPE samples (DC-XLPE) with XLPE samples extracted from actual cables (Cable-XLPE) through electrical tree experiments, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The experimental findings indicate that the breakdown time of DC-XLPE increased by nearly 50% compared to Cable-XLPE, with slower electrical tree growth and lower average discharge magnitude observed. Overall, DC-XLPE exhibited superior resistance to DC electrical tree and partial discharge. XRD and GPC analyses revealed minimal differences in crystallinity and grain size between the two types, with the primary distinction being DC-XLPE’s notably higher molecular weight and more concentrated molecular weight distribution. The differences in physicochemical properties may be attributed to more precise and uniform temperature control during the crosslinking process in laboratory settings, as well as a higher removal rate of crosslinking byproducts, ultimately leading to enhanced resistance to electrical tree and partial discharge in DC-XLPE. Materials science ; Electrical engineering ; Engineering High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation ; Advanced Cellulose Research Studies
Authors: M. Shabeena | Sabia Kouser | Ashwini Prabhu | Deepali Warale | D.J. Manasa | G. K. Nagaraja
Source: Discover Polymers. (article, 2024-08-23)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Unravelling the tissue regenerative nature of marine polysaccharide chitosan embedded halloysite reinforced poly (vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite films Abstract The study focuses on developing the poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite films reinforced with Halloysite Nano-Tubes (HNT) which were surface functionalised with chitosan forming a Schiff base structure. The work was aimed to traverse its way in tissue engineering. Modification of halloysite with sea polysaccharide chitosan enhanced its ability to bind to the PVA matrix. The modification was assisted by FTIR, XRD, FESEM, TEM, AFM and DSC-TGA techniques. The films could withstand a higher temperature and exhibited high ranges of tensile strength and Young’s modulus. In addition, biocompatible studies such as in-vitro swelling, enzymatic degradation, water contact angle and hemolysis presented extremely well compatibilities proving it to be viable in physiological pH (in phosphate buffered saline). The cell adhesion and proliferation studies conducted on NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts revealed the cell proliferation and tissue regeneration properties of the films. Both the tests performed for cell growth- Trypan blue dye exclusion and Acridine Orange Ethidium bromide assays showed a doubled rate of cell growth on the films which proves its biomedical nature. Graphical Abstract Vinyl alcohol ; Halloysite ; Chitosan ; Nanocomposite ; Polysaccharide ; Materials science ; Chemical engineering ; Chemistry ; Polymer chemistry ; Composite material ; Polymer science ; Polymer ; Organic chemistry ; Engineering Clay minerals and soil interactions ; Therapeutic Uses of Natural Elements ; Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
Authors: Ilhan Bok | Alireza Ousati Ashtiani | Yash Gokhale | Jack Phillips | Tianxiang Zhu | Aviad Hai
Source: Microsystems & Nanoengineering (article, 2024-03-25)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Nanofabricated high turn-density spiral coils for on-chip electromagneto-optical conversion Circuit-integrated electromagnets are fundamental building blocks for on-chip signal transduction, modulation, and tunability, with specific applications in environmental and biomedical micromagnetometry. A primary challenge for improving performance is pushing quality limitations while minimizing size and fabrication complexity and retaining spatial capabilities. Recent efforts have exploited highly involved three-dimensional synthesis, advanced insulation, and exotic material compositions. Here, we present a rapid nanofabrication process that employs electron beam dose control for high-turn-density diamond-embedded flat spiral coils; these coils achieve efficient on-chip electromagnetic-to-optical signal conversion. Our fabrication process relies on fast 12.3 s direct writing on standard poly(methyl methacrylate) as a basis for the metal lift-off process. Prototypes with 70 micrometer overall diameters and 49-470 nm interturn spacings with corresponding inductances of 12.3-12.8 nH are developed. We utilize optical micromagnetometry to demonstrate that magnetic field generation at the center of the structure effectively correlates with finite element modeling predictions. Further designs based on our process can be integrated with photolithography to broadly enable optical magnetic sensing and spin-based computation. Photolithography ; Fabrication ; Materials science ; Nanolithography ; Chip ; Optoelectronics ; Nanotechnology ; SIGNAL (programming language) ; Nanoelectromechanical systems ; Computer science ; Electrical engineering ; Engineering Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; Nanowire Synthesis and Applications ; Semiconductor materials and devices
Authors: Wenjing Zhang | Heru Xue | Xinhua Jiang | Jiangping Liu
Source: Food Science & Nutrition (article, 2024-12-10)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

An Optimized Bidirectional Long Short‐Term Memory Model Based on Hyperspectral Analysis of Protein Content in Milk Powder Protein content is an important index in the assessment of dairy nutrition. As a crucial source of protein absorption in people's daily life, the quality of milk powder products not only has a deep impact on the development of the dairy industry, but also seriously damages the health of consumers. It is of great significance to find a faster and more accurate method for detecting milk protein content. This paper utilizes the chemical content of milk powder and hyperspectral data as independent variables. By comparing 14 kinds of preprocessing algorithms, the mean-centered (MC) method is selected to preprocess the data, and then the combined method of competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) and uninformative variable elimination (UVE) is used to screen the feature wavelength, so as to establish the model and learn the internal dynamic change law of the feature. Furthermore, the Attention mechanism was introduced to assign different weights to bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) hidden states through mapping weighting and learning parameter matrix. To reduce the loss of information and strengthen the influence of important information, at the same time, in order to solve the difficult problem of hyperparameter selection of the model, the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is proposed to optimize the hyperparameter selection of the model. The test results showed that with WOA-BiLSTM-Attention model algorithm, the coefficient of determination (<i>R</i> <sup>2</sup>) of 0.9975 and root mean square error (RMSEP) of 0.0337 in comparison with <i>R</i> <sup>2</sup> and RMSEP values obtained from BiLSTM-Attention model algorithm, which were higher by 0.799% lower by 56.5%, respectively. This study provides algorithm support and theoretical basis for fast non-destructive testing based on deep learning algorithm to predict protein content in milk powder. Hyperparameter ; Hyperspectral imaging ; Feature selection ; Weighting ; Computer science ; Preprocessor ; Data pre-processing ; Feature (linguistics) ; Variable elimination ; Artificial intelligence ; Matrix (chemical analysis) ; Selection (genetic algorithm) ; Residual ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Algorithm ; Chemistry Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies ; Meat and Animal Product Quality
Authors: Rui Sun | Zhaohui Liu | Yiyuan Wang | Han Xiao | Jiangnan Li | Jiejiang Chen
Source:  (article, 2024-07-26)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

NuMDS: An Efficient Local Search Algorithm for Minimum Dominating Set Problem The minimum dominating set (MDS) problem is a crucial NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem with wide applications in real-world scenarios. In this paper, we propose an efficient local search algorithm namely NuMDS to solve the MDS, which comprises three key ideas. First, we introduce a dominate propagation-based reduction method that fixes a portion of vertices in a given graph. Second, we develop a novel two-phase initialization method based on the decomposition method. Third, we propose a multi-stage local search procedure, which adopts three different search manners according to the current stage of the search. We conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate the outstanding effectiveness of NuMDS, and the results clearly indicate that NuMDS outperforms previous state-of-the-art algorithms on almost all instances. Benchmarking ; Computer science ; Molecule ; Human–computer interaction ; Chemistry ; Business Machine Learning in Materials Science
Authors: Gadel F. Baimukhametov | Aleksey V. Dengaev | Elena Safiullina | Aydar A. Kayumov | Ilya M. Drozdov | V. V. Shishulin | A. Boushra | Аlexey V. Vakhin | Boris Victorovich Sargin | M. S. Sidibe
Source: International Journal of Engineering (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Relaxation Process in Crude Oil after Ultrasonic Treatment This paper presents an investigation on changes in viscosity and group composition of heavy oil samples after ultrasonic upgrading process. Heavy oil samples correspond to different oilfields (located in Russia) were processed under various ultrasonic mode, the cavitation consequence of which was controlled by acoustic method. The viscosity of samples was measured just after ultrasonic treatment, 10 minutes, and 1-34 days. The saturate, aromatic, resin and asphaltene (SARA) analysis was carried out after ultrasonic treatment with 34 days of relaxation and the achieved results were compared with the SARA fractions of original crude oil. The results of viscosity measurement showed viscosity reduction after the ultrasonic treatment. However, the viscosity was regressed after 1-4 days of relaxation with further reduction in 7 days. The degree of viscosity increase after 34 days was only 10% in contrast to viscosity of original crude oil. The power and the sonication time did not influence the relaxation process. In conclusion, attention was drawn to the results of SARA analysis, the content of saturates decreased and the relative content of heavy fragments such as resins and asphaltenes was increased, which determines the degree of viscosity increase after relaxation period. Ultrasonic sensor ; Materials science ; Relaxation (psychology) ; Process (computing) ; Crude oil ; Petroleum engineering ; Process engineering ; Computer science ; Medicine ; Engineering ; Radiology ; Internal medicine Petroleum Processing and Analysis ; Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques ; Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
Authors: Le Li | S.T. Tan | Yunpeng Liu | Haoyi Li | Kun Xu | Guancheng Zhen | Xiaoxuan Yin | Tianfang Zhao | Wenhua Wu | Lei Yang
Source: High Voltage (article, 2024-12-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Partial discharge characteristics of syntactic foam filled with hollow polymer microspheres Abstract Syntactic foam materials, due to their advantages of low densities, low water absorption, and high dielectric strengths, have significant application potential in the cores of post insulators. However, because of a large number of microbubble structures within the syntactic foam, it might decrease the partial discharge inception voltage. It is necessary to investigate the partial discharge characteristics of the foam to assess the feasibility of its internal insulation application. In this study, the syntactic foam samples with four different microsphere contents (0%–2%) were prepared, and the physical structures of the materials were characterised by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and three‐dimensional computed tomography. Subsequently, finite element simulations of the electric field were performed to analyse the influence of the microsphere content and distribution on the internal electric field of the syntactic foam. The results suggested that both the microsphere content and distribution affected the partial discharge activity. When the microsphere content was low, the doping of microspheres essentially meant that more air gap defects were present, leading to a decrease in the partial discharge performance. However, when the microsphere content was high, the microspheres were distributed in a dense and orderly manner, improving the field concentration phenomenon and hence inhibiting the partial discharge to a certain extent. In conclusion, the findings of this study provide a data reference and theoretical support for the application of syntactic foam in the cores of composite post insulators. Syntactic foam ; Partial discharge ; Materials science ; Microsphere ; Composite material ; Electric field ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; Absorption (acoustics) ; Composite number ; Dielectric ; Scanning electron microscope ; Voltage ; Chemical engineering ; Optoelectronics ; Electrical engineering High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Dielectric materials and actuators ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation
Authors: Amelia Loesch‐Zhang | Martin Bellmann | Kristina Lachmann | Markus Biesalski | Andreas Geißler
Source: Advanced Materials Interfaces (article, 2024-09-09)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Plasma Polymerization of Vegetable Oils onto Paper Substrates of Varying Porosity for Improved Hydrophobicity Abstract Paper finishing, in particular, coating paper with desired barrier functions is well‐developed as of today. However, due to large amounts of material and process energy as well as the use of non‐renewable resources for such coatings, common technologies are not sustainable. Given the increasing importance of paper in manifold applications, more sustainable routes with low‐energy processes as well as biogenic material alternatives are highly needed. To address this challenge, a solvent‐free and material‐efficient approach is proposed to bio‐based paper coatings by depositing chia oil‐based plasma polymers using a jet‐induced sliding discharge concept at atmospheric pressure. Depending on the amount of coating and the paper porosity, this treatment retards water absorption. Coating visualization is enabled through confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Like chia oil, safflower oil, and olive oil show the ability to hydrophobize paper and the great potential within plasma polymerized vegetable oils to make the paper coating more sustainable. Materials science ; Porosity ; Plasma polymerization ; Polymerization ; Plasma ; Chemical engineering ; Composite material ; Polymer Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity ; Electrohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics ; Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies
Authors: Clément Debrie | Noémie Coudert | Jean‐Michel Guigner | Fanny Coumes | Clément Guibert | Simon Harrisson | François Stoffelbach | Olivier Colombani | Jutta Rieger
Source: Polymer Chemistry (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Effect of pH on the incorporation of acrylic acid units in the core of polymer nanoparticles prepared by PISA and on their morphology The molar fraction and ionization of acrylic acid ( α AA ) in the monomer feed affect the chemical composition, the composition profile and the particle morphology in PISA. Acrylic acid ; Monomer ; Polymer ; Morphology (biology) ; Molar ratio ; Chemical engineering ; Nanoparticle ; Polymer chemistry ; Composition (language) ; Acrylic resin ; Chemistry ; Chemical composition ; Core (optical fiber) ; Materials science ; Nuclear chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Composite material ; Catalysis Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization ; Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications ; Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
Authors: Liujie Wan | Xiaohe Zhao | Kang Li
Source: Sensors (article, 2024-04-27)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Online Detection of Hydrogen Fluoride under Corona Discharge in Gas-Insulated Switchgear Based on Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Internal discharge and overheating faults in sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>) gas-insulated electrical equipment will generate a series of characteristic gas products. Hydrogen fluoride (HF) is one of the main decomposition gases under discharge failure. Because of its extremely corrosive nature, it can react with other materials in gas-insulated switchgear (GIS), resulting in a short existence time, so it needs to be detected online. Resonant gas photoacoustic spectroscopy has the advantage of high sensitivity, fast response, and no sample gas consumption, and can be used for the online detection of flowing gas. In this paper, a simulated GIS corona discharge experimental platform was built, and the HF generated in the discharge was detected online by gas photoacoustic spectroscopy. The absorption peak of HF molecule near 1312.59 nm was selected as the absorption spectral line, and a resonant photoacoustic cell was designed. To improve the detection sensitivity of HF, wavelength modulation and second-harmonic detection technology were used. The online monitoring of HF in the simulated GIS corona discharge fault was successfully realized. The experimental results show that the sensitivity of the designed photoacoustic spectroscopy detection system for HF is 0.445 μV/(μL/L), and the limit of detection (<i>LOD</i>) is 0.611 μL/L. Switchgear ; Photoacoustic spectroscopy ; Sulfur hexafluoride ; Corona discharge ; HITRAN ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Spectroscopy ; Materials science ; Absorption spectroscopy ; Optoelectronics ; Chemistry ; Electrical engineering ; Optics ; Voltage ; Engineering Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors ; Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
Authors: Zeynep İyigündoğdu | Rachel Couvreur | Sandeep Tamrakar | Jaewon Yoon | Basak Basar | Osman Ersoy | Fikrettin Şahιn | Deborah F. Mielewski | Alper Kızıltaş
Source: Polymer Engineering and Science (article, 2024-03-02)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Long‐term durability of thermoplastic elastomer containing antiviral additives for mobility applications Abstract In the mobility market, there is a demand from customers for antimicrobial protection. As a result, the market has grown considerably to provide antiviral and antimicrobial polymers and coatings. This study examines how the efficacy of a non‐commercial antimicrobial thermoplastic elastomer will change over the life of the application. Using an example application of an electric scooter handlebar grip, durability requirements were identified, and antiviral efficacy (exceeding a log value of 3 or &gt;99.9 microbial growth reduction) was compared before and after testing. A scooter handlebar grip was selected as the ideal example application as it was a high‐touch surface, with several different riders. During the start of this study, scooter companies were encouraging their riders to disinfect scooter handlebars before riding, use hand sanitizer, and wear gloves. If the handlebar grip could be antimicrobial, then they could eliminate these steps and provide a safe ride for the users. In order to simulate long‐term durability, UV exposure, temperature, humidity, artificial sweat, sunscreen, insect repellent, and abrasion tests were performed and evaluated in terms of antiviral activity. Accelerated weathering reduced the virucidal activity of the sample versus unexposed antiviral thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). However, the efficacy increased with contact time from 90% to 96.83% at 30 and 120 min, respectively. Abrasion resistance of antiviral TPE showed a volume loss of 66 mm 3 compared to control samples of 83 mm 3 . The antiviral TPE sample exhibited slightly lower efficacy compared to the control after exposure to the artificial sweat (99.43% vs. 99.95%). Additionally, a skin tolerance test conducted on rabbits showed that antiviral TPE was not an irritant and showed no dermal toxicity. The outcome of this study will lead to the development of long‐term durable antimicrobial material for the transportation industry. Highlights The effectiveness of an antimicrobial material depends on various environmental factors. Accelerated weathering of the antiviral TPE reduced the efficacy. The antiviral TPE was non‐irritating to the skin. Significant research needs to continue in this area to provide safe and robust solutions. This approach to antimicrobial incorporation can now be applied to the transportation industry. Durability ; Materials science ; Thermoplastic elastomer ; Elastomer ; Composite material ; Term (time) ; Thermoplastic ; Polymer science ; Polymer ; Copolymer Synthesis and properties of polymers ; Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
Authors: Swe Zin Linn Htet | Takuya Kondo | Takuma Miyake | Tatsuya Sakoda | Takeshi Nishimura
Source: IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering (article, 2024-07-14)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Partial Discharge Behavior Prior to Breakdown in Epoxy Resin To evaluate the deterioration degree of insulation material by monitoring partial discharges (PDs), it is necessary to fully understand the PD behavior prior to breakdown. We performed measurements of temporal variations in the number and magnitude of PDs in a void of epoxy resin. It was found that the number of PDs with larger magnitude is less before breakdown and that there is a decreased tendency of the number and magnitude of PDs with the elapsed time. The tendency is remarkable as the applied electric field is small. Additionally, the time to breakdown becomes short when the scattering of the number of PDs per unit time decreases. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. Partial discharge ; Epoxy ; Materials science ; Composite material ; Electrical engineering ; Engineering ; Voltage High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation