jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Navid Rasekh | Jun Wang | Xibo Yuan
Source: IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Variation of Core Loss in High-Frequency Transformers Under Different Load Conditions Typically, the core loss of transformers is considered constant, regardless of the load conditions on the secondary side. However, this assumption is no longer valid for high-frequency transformers (HFTs). This paper reveals that different load conditions can lead to the core loss in the HFTs deviating from the no-load case due to the variation of voltage drop on the windings' impedance and, subsequently, the magnetic field in the core, which is not commonly assessed and considered in engineering practice. To accurately estimate the core loss, the main challenge in the case of HFTs, compared to the inductors, is that the unneglectable AC winding resistance deviates depending on the load conditions, which makes the voltage across the magnetizing branch (or flux density within the core) difficult to find. The core loss variation is quantitatively evaluated in this work against various load conditions through a case study of one representative HFT. Both experimental measurements and three-dimensional (3-D) finite element analysis (FEA) results confirmed this phenomenon, with the physical causes of this variation discussed and investigated. Transformer ; Electromagnetic coil ; Inductor ; Magnetic core ; Electrical impedance ; Core (optical fiber) ; Voltage ; Materials science ; Mechanics ; Finite element method ; Electrical engineering ; Engineering ; Physics ; Structural engineering ; Composite material Magnetic Properties and Applications ; Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies ; Electric Motor Design and Analysis
Authors: Andrea Zifarelli | Aldo F. P. Cantatore | Angelo Sampaolo | Michael Mueller | T. Rueck | Christine Hoelzl | Hubert Rossmadl | Pietro Patimisco | Vincenzo Spagnolo
Source: Photoacoustics (article, 2023-10-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Multivariate analysis and digital twin modelling: Alternative approaches to evaluate molecular relaxation in photoacoustic spectroscopy A comparative analysis of two different approaches developed to deal with molecular relaxation in photoacoustic spectroscopy is here reported. The first method employs a statistical analysis based on partial least squares regression, while the second method relies on the development of a digital twin of the photoacoustic sensor based on the theoretical modelling of the occurring relaxations. Methane detection within a gas matrix of synthetic air with variable humidity level is selected as case study. An interband cascade laser emitting at 3.345 µm is used to target methane absorption features. Two methane concentration ranges are explored targeting different absorptions, one in the order of part-per-million and one in the order of percent, while water vapor absolute concentration was varied from 0.3 % up to 2 %. The results achieved employing the detection techniques demonstrated the possibility to efficiently retrieve the target gas concentrations with accuracy > 95 % even in the case of strong influence of relaxation effects. Photoacoustic spectroscopy ; Spectroscopy ; Multivariate statistics ; Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine ; Materials science ; Relaxation (psychology) ; Multivariate analysis ; Optics ; Optoelectronics ; Medical physics ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Computer science ; Medicine ; Physics ; Chemistry ; Internal medicine ; Machine learning ; Chromatography Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies ; Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
Authors: Hongzhe Jiang | Yu Zhou | Cong Zhang | Weidong Yuan | Hongping Zhou
Source: Foods (article, 2023-07-29)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Evaluation of Dual-Band Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analysis for Rapid Quantification of Multi-Quality Parameters of Soy Sauce Stewed Meat The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) systems operated in dual band for the non-destructive measurement of the fat, protein, collagen, ash, and Na contents of soy sauce stewed meat (SSSM). Spectra in the waveband ranges of 650-950 nm and 960-1660 nm were acquired from vacuum-packed ready-to-eat samples that were purchased from 97 different brands. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was employed to develop models predicting the five critical quality parameters. The results showed the best predictions were for the fat (R<sub>p</sub> = 0.808; RMSEP = 2.013 g/kg; RPD = 1.666) and protein (R<sub>p</sub> = 0.863; RMSEP = 3.372 g/kg; RPD = 1.863) contents, while barely sufficient performances were found for the collagen (R<sub>p</sub> = 0.524; RMSEP = 1.970 g/kg; RPD = 0.936), ash (R<sub>p</sub> = 0.384; RMSEP = 0.524 g/kg; RPD = 0.953), and Na (R<sub>p</sub> = 0.242; RMSEP = 2.097 g/kg; RPD = 1.042) contents of the SSSM. The quality of the content predicted by the spectrum of 960-1660 nm was generally better than that for the 650-950 nm range, which was retained in the further prediction of fat and protein. To simplify the models and make them practical, regression models were established using a few wavelengths selected by the random frog (RF) or regression coefficients (RCs) method. Consequently, ten wavelengths (1048 nm, 1051 nm, 1184 nm, 1191 nm, 1222 nm, 1225 nm, 1228 nm, 1450 nm, 1456 nm, 1510 nm) selected by RF and eight wavelengths (1019 nm, 1097 nm, 1160 nm, 1194 nm, 1245 nm, 1413 nm, 1441 nm, 1489 nm) selected by RCs were individually chosen for the fat and protein contents to build multi-spectral PLSR models. New models led to the best predictive ability of R<sub>p</sub>, RMSEP, and RPD of 0.812 and 0.855, 1.930 g/kg and 3.367 g/kg, and 1.737 and 1.866, respectively. These two simplified models both yielded comparable performances to their corresponding full-spectra models, demonstrating the effectiveness of these selected variables. The overall results indicate that NIRS, especially in the spectral range of 960-1660 nm, is a potential tool in the rapid estimation of the fat and protein contents of SSSM, while not providing particularly good prediction statistics for collagen, ash, and Na contents. Partial least squares regression ; Chemistry ; Food science ; Near-infrared spectroscopy ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Chromatography ; Mathematics ; Statistics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Meat and Animal Product Quality ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
Authors: Luke Reilly | Sahba Seddighi | Andrew Singleton | Mark Cookson | Michael E. Ward | Yue Qi
Source: Frontiers in Aging (review, 2023-04-24)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Variant biomarker discovery using mass spectrometry-based proteogenomics Genomic diversity plays critical roles in risk of disease pathogenesis and diagnosis. While genomic variants-including single nucleotide variants, frameshift variants, and mis-splicing isoforms-are commonly detected at the DNA or RNA level, their translated variant protein or polypeptide products are ultimately the functional units of the associated disease. These products are often released in biofluids and could be leveraged for clinical diagnosis and patient stratification. Recent emergence of integrated analysis of genomics with mass spectrometry-based proteomics for biomarker discovery, also known as proteogenomics, have significantly advanced the understanding disease risk variants, precise medicine, and biomarker discovery. In this review, we discuss variant proteins in the context of cancers and neurodegenerative diseases, outline current and emerging proteogenomic approaches for biomarker discovery, and provide a comprehensive proteogenomic strategy for detection of putative biomarker candidates in human biospecimens. This strategy can be implemented for proteogenomic studies in any field of enquiry. Our review timely addresses the need of biomarkers for aging related diseases. Proteogenomics ; Biomarker discovery ; Biomarker ; Computational biology ; Proteomics ; Biology ; Context (archaeology) ; Genomics ; Alternative splicing ; Bioinformatics ; Genetics ; Genome ; Gene ; Gene isoform Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
Authors: Jose A. Diaz-Olivares | Arnout van Nuenen | Martin J. Gote | Valeria Fonseca Díaz | Wouter Saeys | Ines Adriaens | Ben Aernouts
Source: Data in Brief (article, 2023-11-04)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Near-infrared spectra dataset of milk composition in transmittance mode Monitoring of milk composition can support several dimensions of dairy management such as identification of the health status of individual dairy cows and the safeguarding of dairy quality. The quantification of milk composition has been traditionally executed employing destructive chemical or laboratory Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses which can incur high costs and prolonged waiting times for continuous monitoring. Therefore, modern technology for milk composition quantification relies on non-destructive near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy which is not invasive and can be performed on-farm, in real-time. The current dataset contains NIR spectral measurements in transmittance mode in the wavelength range from 960 nm to 1690 nm of 1224 individual raw milk samples, collected on-farm over an eight-week span in 2017, at the experimental dairy farm of the province of Antwerp, 'Hooibeekhoeve' (Geel, Belgium). For these spectral measurements, laboratory reference values corresponding to the three main components of raw milk (fat, protein and lactose), urea and somatic cell count (SCC) are included. This data has been used to build multivariate calibration models to predict the three milk compounds, as well as develop strategies to monitor the prediction performance of the calibration models. Raw milk ; Calibration ; Somatic cell count ; Composition (language) ; Lactose ; Environmental science ; Transmittance ; Near-infrared spectroscopy ; Food science ; Chemistry ; Materials science ; Mathematics ; Biology ; Physics ; Optics ; Lactation ; Statistics ; Optoelectronics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research ; Meat and Animal Product Quality
Authors: Hao Xue | Lei Wang | Lingsong Zhang | Yeyao Wang | Fansheng Meng | Min Xu
Source: Water (article, 2023-10-23)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Exploration of Applicability of Diatom Indices to Evaluate Water Ecosystem Quality in Tangwang River in Northeast China The diatom index has been widely used in the evaluation of water ecological quality, but the applicability of the diatom index often varies in different study areas. The accuracy of the evaluation results depends on the applicability of the diatom index, especially when it is not applied to the place where it is created. In order to screen out the diatom index suitable for the evaluation of the water ecological quality of Tangwang River in northeast China, and to identify the factors affecting the accuracy of the diatom index, the community structure and water environment characteristics of 24 sample sites were investigated in Tangwang River in August 2018, and 18 diatom indices were calculated. The discriminative ability of diatom indices was analyzed using the box plot method, and the factors affecting the accuracy of the diatom index were identified by combining Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses. The results show that the discriminability of the Biological Diatom Index (BDI), Specific Pollution Sensitivity Index (IPS), Idse Leclercq (IDSE), Indice Diatomique Artois Picardie (IDAP), Diatom Eutrophication Pollution Index (EPI-D), Trophic Index (Rott TI), European Economic Community Index (CEE), and Watanabe Index (WAT) was the strongest, which could reasonably distinguish the reference group from the lightly damaged group. In general, the water ecological condition of Tangwang River Basin is good in the wet season, and the water ecological quality of about 80% of the sample sites was “moderate” or better. The main factors affecting the evaluation accuracy of the diatom index in Tangwang River Basin are the correlation strength between the diatom index and habitat quality, organic pollution, and nutrients. The coverage of diatom index species had no significant effect on the accuracy of evaluation. In order to reasonably evaluate the aquatic ecological status, it is recommended to use the diatom index, which has a good correlation with the environmental factors in the study area, or to establish a new diatom index based on the diatom community and environmental factors in the study area. Diatom ; Environmental science ; Water quality ; Index (typography) ; Hydrology (agriculture) ; Eutrophication ; Physical geography ; Ecology ; Geography ; Geology ; Nutrient ; Biology ; Computer science Diatoms and Algae Research ; Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology
Authors: N. Huber | I. Ryl | Yijuan Wu | Murilo P. Hablitzel | Birthe Zandersons | Claudia Richert | Erica T. Lilleodden
Source: Journal of materials research/Pratt's guide to venture capital sources (article, 2023-01-04)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Densification of nanoporous metals during nanoindentation: The role of structural and mechanical properties Abstract The analysis of the densification behavior of nanoporous metals in nanoindentation is challenging in simulations and experiments. A deeper understanding of the densification behavior provides valuable information about the different deformation mechanisms in nanoindentation and compression experiments. The developed two-scale model allows for predicting the densification field for variable microstructure and elastic–plastic behavior. It could be shown that the penetration depth of the densification field is mainly controlled by the ratio of the macroscopic work hardening rate to yield stress. The shape as well as the value at characteristic isolines of densification depend mainly on the macroscopic plastic response of the nanoporous material. This could be confirmed by nanoindentation experiments, where the densification under the indenter was measured for ligament sizes from 35 to 150 nm. Although the depth of the densification field was underpredicted by the simulations, the experiments confirmed the predicted trends. Graphical abstract Nanoindentation ; Materials science ; Nanoporous ; Composite material ; Penetration depth ; Microstructure ; Work hardening ; Hardening (computing) ; Nanoscopic scale ; Deformation (meteorology) ; Plasticity ; Strain hardening exponent ; Deformation mechanism ; Nanotechnology ; Optics Nanoporous metals and alloys ; Anodic Oxide Films and Nanostructures ; Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition
Authors: Davide Manfredo | Vanessa Dörlich | Joachim Linn | Martin Arnold
Source: Multibody System Dynamics (article, 2023-05-04)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Data based constitutive modelling of rate independent inelastic effects in composite cables using Preisach hysteresis operators Abstract This contribution aims at introducing first steps to develop hysteresis operator type inelastic constitutive laws for Cosserat rods for the simulation of cables composed of complex interior components. Motivated by the basic elements of Cosserat rod theory, we develop a specific approach to constitutive modelling adapted for this application. Afterwards, we describe the hysteretical behaviour arising from cyclic bending experiments on cables by means of the Preisach operator. As shown in pure bending experiments, slender structures such as electric cables behave inelastically, and open hysteresis loops arise with noticeable difference between the first load cycle and the following ones. The Preisach operator plays an important role in describing the input-output relation in hysteresis behaviours, and it can be expressed as a superposition of relay operators. Hence, a mathematical formulation of the problem is introduced, and a first attempt is made to determine the hysteresis behaviour that describes the relation between curvature and bending moment. Therefore, a suitable kernel function is identified in a way that its integration over the Preisach plane results in the bending moment of the specimen, and a comparison between different kernel functions is performed. Preisach model of hysteresis ; Hysteresis ; Superposition principle ; Curvature ; Constitutive equation ; Operator (biology) ; Bending ; Mathematical analysis ; Kernel (algebra) ; Bilinear interpolation ; Bending moment ; Structural engineering ; Mathematics ; Physics ; Magnetic hysteresis ; Engineering ; Geometry ; Finite element method ; Magnetization ; Condensed matter physics Magnetic Properties and Applications ; Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications ; Piezoelectric Actuators and Control
Authors: Tianhe Yang | Kai Zhou | Lei Jin | Rui Liu | Weigen Chen
Source: Atmosphere (article, 2023-04-28)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Optimization of Photoacoustic Cell for Trace Acetylene Detection in Transformer Oil This paper presents the development of a highly sensitive gas detection system based on a resonant photoacoustic cell for detecting dissolved gases in transformer oil. A simulation model of the resonant photoacoustic cell was studied and optimized the buffer chamber volume while ensuring signal enhancement. The volume of the photoacoustic cell was reduced by about 80% compared to the classical model. A resonant photoacoustic cell was then fabricated based on the optimized simulation optimization. The dual-resonance photoacoustic system was constructed by combining the resonant PA cell with a handmade cantilever fiber acoustic sensor. The system’s sensitivity was further improved by using an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, wavelength modulation, and harmonic detection technology. The experimental results showed that the system achieved a detection limit of 6 ppb and an excellent linear range under 1000 ppm for C2H2 gas. The developed gas detection system has potential applications for monitoring the condition of power transformers in power grids. Materials science ; Detection limit ; Amplifier ; Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine ; Photoacoustic effect ; Photoacoustic spectroscopy ; Optoelectronics ; Transformer oil ; Transformer ; Acoustics ; Optics ; Voltage ; Chemistry ; Electrical engineering ; CMOS ; Chromatography Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis ; Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors
Authors: Çağrı Çavdaroğlu | Banu Özen
Source: Foods (article, 2023-03-08)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Applications of UV–Visible, Fluorescence and Mid-Infrared Spectroscopic Methods Combined with Chemometrics for the Authentication of Apple Vinegar Spectroscopic techniques as untargeted methods have great potential in food authentication studies, and the evaluation of spectroscopic data with chemometric methods can provide accurate predictions of adulteration even for hard-to-identify cases such as the mixing of vinegar with adulterants having a very similar chemical nature. In this study, we aimed to compare the performances of three spectroscopic methods (fluorescence, UV-visible, mid-infrared) in the detection of acetic-acid/apple-vinegar and spirit-vinegar/apple-vinegar mixtures (1-50%). Data obtained with the three spectroscopic techniques were used in the generation of classification models with partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to differentiate authentic and mixed samples. An improved classification approach was used in choosing the best models through a number of calibration and validation sets. Only the mid-infrared data provided robust and accurate classification models with a high classification rate (up to 96%), sensitivity (1) and specificity (up to 0.96) for the differentiation of the adulterated samples from authentic apple vinegars. Therefore, it was concluded that mid-infrared spectroscopy is a useful tool for the rapid authentication of apple vinegars and it is essential to test classification models with different datasets to obtain a robust model. Chemometrics ; Linear discriminant analysis ; Partial least squares regression ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Artificial intelligence ; Chemistry ; Biological system ; Mathematics ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Chromatography ; Computer science ; Machine learning Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Fermentation and Sensory Analysis ; Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Authors: F. Witos | A. Olszewska
Source: Energies (article, 2023-04-28)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Investigation of Partial Discharges within Power Oil Transformers by Acoustic Emission This paper presents the authors’ multi-channel measurement systems designed and built to conduct research on partial discharge phenomena using the acoustic emission method. The systems provide real-time monitoring, recording of signals and analysis of recorded signals. The analysis is carried out in time, frequency, time-frequency and discrimination threshold domains. In particular, a descriptor with the ADC acronym is defined, which ranks the signals according to the so-called degree of advancement. Studies have been carried out, showing that for a single partial discharge source, when tested in parallel, using the electrical and acoustic emission methods, the ranking of the signals using this descriptor is identical to the ranking according to the value of the apparent charge introduced by sources. This paper presents the authors’ patented method of partial discharge location and identification in power oil transformers. The results of tests of power oil transformer at the test station, conducted in parallel with the electric method and the authors’ method, and the results of tests in three selected transformers carried out during ongoing in-situ operation using the authors’ method are presented. Based on these results, the authors make diagnoses of the condition of the insulation systems in the tested transformers. The inspections of these transformers confirm the diagnoses. Partial discharge ; Transformer ; Acoustic emission ; Engineering ; Acoustics ; Current transformer ; Electrical engineering ; Computer science ; Electronic engineering ; Voltage ; Physics High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation ; Water Systems and Optimization