jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Shuren Zhou | Hong Zhang | Xuan Peng | Haowen Liu | Honglin Li | Yuanqiang Xiong | Wanjun Li | Pingan Yang | Lijuan Ye | Chunyang Kong
Source: Advanced Photonics Research (article, 2022-09-07)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Fully Transparent and High‐Performance ε‐Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Photodetector Arrays for Solar‐Blind Imaging and Deep‐Ultraviolet Communication With the development of new broadband semiconductor materials and the expansion of solar‐blind deep‐ultraviolet (SBDU) optoelectronics, the demand for high‐performance fully transparent array integration has also increased. Herein, metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM)‐type fully transparent SBDU photodetector arrays (PDAs), based on commercially available ε‐Ga 2 O 3 films, are constructed using indium tin oxide (ITO), indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), and aluminum zinc oxide (AZO) transparent conductive oxides as electrodes. The experimental results show that the overall performance of the fully transparent SBDU PDAs used in this study places them at the forefront of ε‐Ga 2 O 3 ‐based photodetectors (PDs). All three PDs not only exhibit ultra‐high responsivity (286.2, 284.1, and 262.1 A W −1 ), remarkable detectivity (4.73 × 10 14 , 5.06 × 10 14 , and 2.16 × 10 15 Jones), and excellent stability, but also fast photoresponse time (5.6/7.2, 6.9/9.5, and 70/200 ms). It is found that the resistivity and carrier concentration of transparent conductive oxides significantly influence device performance. Consequently, it is demonstrated, for the first time, that fully transparent ε‐Ga 2 O 3 ‐based SBDU PDAs can be used as ultraviolet imagers and signal receivers integrated into a homemade solar‐blind ultraviolet communication (SBUC) system to transmit text data. These results indicate great potential for future applications of fully transparent ε‐Ga 2 O 3 thin‐film solar‐blind photodetectors in next‐generation artificial intelligence eyes, smart windows, light field cameras, and solar‐blind imaging, among others. Photodetector ; Optoelectronics ; Materials science ; Responsivity ; Ultraviolet ; Indium tin oxide ; Thin film ; Optics ; Nanotechnology ; Physics Ga2O3 and related materials ; ZnO doping and properties ; Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques
Authors: Vasileios Ntouros | Ioannis Kousis | Anna Laura Pisello | Margarita-Niki Assimakopoulos
Source: Energies (review, 2022-02-17)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Binding Materials for MOF Monolith Shaping Processes: A Review towards Real Life Application Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) could be utilized for a wide range of applications such as sorption, catalysis, chromatography, energy storage, sensors, drug delivery, and nonlinear optics. However, to date, there are very few examples of MOFs exploited on a commercial scale. Nevertheless, progress in MOF-related research is currently paving the way to new industrial opportunities, fostering applications and processes interconnecting fundamental chemistry with engineering and relevant sectors. Yet, the fabrication of porous MOF materials within resistant structures is a key challenge impeding their wide commercial use for processes such as adsorptive separation. In fact, the integration of nano-scale MOF crystallic structures into bulk components that can maintain the desired characteristics, i.e., size, shape, and mechanical stability, is a prerequisite for their wide practical use in many applications. At the same time, it requires sophisticated shaping techniques that can structure nano/micro-crystalline fine powders of MOFs into diverse types of macroscopic bodies such as monoliths. Under this framework, this review aims to bridge the gap between research advances and industrial necessities for fostering MOF applications into real life. Therefore, it critically explores recent advances in the shaping and production of MOF macro structures with regard to the binding materials that have received little attention to date, but have the potential to give new perspectives in the industrial applicability of MOFs. Moreover, it proposes future paths that can be adopted from both academy and industry and can further boost MOF exploitation. Nanotechnology ; Metal-organic framework ; Macro ; Process engineering ; Computer science ; Materials science ; Engineering ; Chemistry Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications ; Boron and Carbon Nanomaterials Research ; X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Authors: Dean E. Hammond | Deborah M. Simpson | Catarina Franco | Marina Wright Muelas | John Waters | R W Ludwig | Mark Prescott | Jane L. Hurst | Robert J. Beynon | Edward Lau
Source: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics (article, 2022-05-27)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Harmonizing Labeling and Analytical Strategies to Obtain Protein Turnover Rates in Intact Adult Animals Changes in the abundance of individual proteins in the proteome can be elicited by modulation of protein synthesis (the rate of input of newly synthesized proteins into the protein pool) or degradation (the rate of removal of protein molecules from the pool). A full understanding of proteome changes therefore requires a definition of the roles of these two processes in proteostasis, collectively known as protein turnover. Because protein turnover occurs even in the absence of overt changes in pool abundance, turnover measurements necessitate monitoring the flux of stable isotope-labeled precursors through the protein pool such as labeled amino acids or metabolic precursors such as ammonium chloride or heavy water. In cells in culture, the ability to manipulate precursor pools by rapid medium changes is simple, but for more complex systems such as intact animals, the approach becomes more convoluted. Individual methods bring specific complications, and the suitability of different methods has not been comprehensively explored. In this study, we compare the turnover rates of proteins across four mouse tissues, obtained from the same inbred mouse strain maintained under identical husbandry conditions, measured using either [<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>]lysine or [<sup>2</sup>H<sub>2</sub>]O as the labeling precursor. We show that for long-lived proteins, the two approaches yield essentially identical measures of the first-order rate constant for degradation. For short-lived proteins, there is a need to compensate for the slower equilibration of lysine through the precursor pools. We evaluate different approaches to provide that compensation. We conclude that both labels are suitable, but careful determination of precursor enrichment kinetics in amino acid labeling is critical and has a considerable influence on the numerical values of the derived protein turnover rates. Protein turnover ; Proteome ; Proteostasis ; Lysine ; Biochemistry ; Protein degradation ; Protein biosynthesis ; Turnover ; Chemistry ; Amino acid ; Biology Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies ; Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
Authors: Lukas Pfeifer | Stefano Crespi | Pieter van der Meulen | Johan Kemmink | Ruud M. Scheek | Michiel Hilbers | Wybren Jan Buma | Ben L. Feringa
Source: Nature Communications (article, 2022-04-19)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Controlling forward and backward rotary molecular motion on demand Synthetic molecular machines hold tremendous potential to revolutionize chemical and materials sciences. Their autonomous motion controlled by external stimuli allows to develop smart materials whose properties can be adapted on command. For the realisation of more complex molecular machines, it is crucial to design building blocks whose properties can be controlled by multiple orthogonal stimuli. A major challenge is to reversibly switch from forward to backward and again forward light-driven rotary motion using external stimuli. Here we report a push-pull substituted photo-responsive overcrowded alkene whose function can be toggled between that of a unidirectional 2<sup>nd</sup> generation rotary motor and a molecular switch depending on its protonation and the polarity of its environment. With its simplicity in design, easy preparation, outstanding stability and orthogonal control of distinct forward and backward motions, we believe that the present concept paves the way for creating more advanced molecular machines. Computer science ; Motion (physics) ; Polarity (international relations) ; Molecular switch ; Molecular motor ; Molecular machine ; Rotation around a fixed axis ; Function (biology) ; Nanotechnology ; Artificial intelligence ; Physics ; Materials science ; Chemistry ; Molecule ; Classical mechanics Supramolecular Chemistry and Complexes ; Photoreceptor and optogenetics research ; Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry
Authors: Marius Murariu | Yoann Paint | Oltea Murariu | Fouad Laoutid | Philippe Dúbois
Source: Polymers (article, 2022-11-10)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Tailoring and Long-Term Preservation of the Properties of PLA Composites with “Green” Plasticizers Concerning new polylactide (PLA) applications, the study investigates the toughening of PLA-CaSO<sub>4</sub> β-anhydrite II (AII) composites with bio-sourced tributyl citrate (TBC). The effects of 5-20 wt.% TBC were evaluated in terms of morphology, mechanical and thermal properties, focusing on the enhancement of PLA crystallization and modification of glass transition temperature (T<sub>g</sub>). Due to the strong plasticizing effects of TBC (even at 10%), the plasticized composites are characterized by significant decrease of T<sub>g</sub> and rigidity, increase of ductility and impact resistance. Correlated with the amounts of plasticizer, a dramatic drop in melt viscosity is also revealed. Therefore, for applications requiring increased viscosity and enhanced melt strength (extrusion, thermoforming), the reactive modification, with up to 1% epoxy functional styrene-acrylic oligomers, was explored to enhance their rheology. Moreover, larger quantities of products were obtained by reactive extrusion (REX) and characterized to evidence their lower stiffness, enhanced ductility, and toughness. In current prospects, selected samples were tested for the extrusion of tubes (straws) and films. The migration of plasticizer was not noted (at 10% TBC), whereas the mechanical and thermal characterizations of films after two years of aging evidenced a surprising preservation of properties. Plasticizer ; Composite material ; Materials science ; Term (time) ; Polylactic acid ; Polymer biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties ; Microplastics and Plastic Pollution ; Polymer Science and PVC
Authors: Kamran Jawed | Victor Irorere | Rajesh Reddy Bommareddy | Nigel P. Minton | Katalin Kovács
Source: Fermentation (article, 2022-03-14)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Establishing Mixotrophic Growth of Cupriavidus necator H16 on CO2 and Volatile Fatty Acids The facultative chemolithoautotroph Cupriavidus necator H16 is able to grow aerobically either with organic substrates or H2 and CO2 s and it can accumulate large amounts of (up to 90%) poly (3-hydroxybutyrate), a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolymer. The ability of this organism to co-utilize volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and CO2 as sources of carbon under mixotrophic growth conditions was investigated and PHA production was monitored. PHA accumulation was assessed under aerobic conditions, with either individual VFAs or in mixtures, under three different conditions—with CO2 as additional carbon source, without CO2 and with CO2 and H2 as additional sources of carbon and energy. VFAs utilisation rates were slower in the presence of CO2. PHA production was significantly higher when cultures were grown mixotrophically and with H2 as an additional energy source compared to heterotrophic or mixotrophic growth conditions, without H2. Furthermore, a two-step VFA feeding regime was found to be the most effective method for PHA accumulation. It was used for PHA production mixotrophically using CO2, H2 and VFA mixture derived from an anaerobic digestor (AD). The data obtained demonstrated that process parameters need to be carefully monitored to avoid VFA toxicity and low product accumulation. Cupriavidus necator ; Mixotroph ; Polyhydroxyalkanoates ; Food science ; Energy source ; Chemistry ; Carbon source ; Heterotroph ; Carbon fibers ; Polyhydroxybutyrate ; Biopolymer ; Fermentation ; Bacteria ; Biochemistry ; Biology ; Organic chemistry ; Materials science ; Coal biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties ; Carbon dioxide utilization in catalysis ; Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization
Authors: Krishan K. Verma | Xiu‐Peng Song | Munna Singh | Hairong Huang | Rajan Bhatt | Lin Xu | Vinod Kumar | Yang‐Rui Li
Source: Frontiers in Plant Science (review, 2022-12-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Influence of nanosilicon on drought tolerance in plants: An overview Insufficient availability of water is a major global challenge that plants face and that can cause substantial losses in plant productivity and quality, followed by complete crop failure. Thus, it becomes imperative to improve crop cultivation/production in unsuitable agricultural fields and integrate modern agri-techniques and nanoparticles (NPs)-based approaches to extend appropriate aid to plants to handle adverse environmental variables. Nowadays, NPs are commonly used with biological systems because of their specific physicochemical characteristics, viz., size/dimension, density, and surface properties. The foliar/soil application of nanosilicon (nSi) has been shown to have a positive impact on plants through the regulation of physiological and biochemical responses and the synthesis of specific metabolites. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in plants in response to drought/water scarcity, which may enhance the ability for adaptation in plants/crops to withstand adverse surroundings. The functions of ROS influenced by nSi and water stress have been assessed widely. However, detailed information about their association with plants and stress is yet to be explored. Our review presents an update on recent developments regarding nSi and water stress in combination with ROS accumulation for sustainable agriculture and an eco-friendly environment. Water scarcity ; Crop productivity ; Agriculture ; Environmental science ; Adaptation (eye) ; Water stress ; Productivity ; Agricultural productivity ; Scarcity ; Biotechnology ; Crop production ; Agricultural engineering ; Agronomy ; Biology ; Ecology ; Engineering Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; Silicon Effects in Agriculture ; Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
Authors: Michael E. Deagen | L. Catherine Brinson | Richard A. Vaia | Linda S. Schadler
Source: MRS Bulletin (article, 2022-02-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

The materials tetrahedron has a “digital twin” Abstract For over three decades, the materials tetrahedron has captured the essence of materials science and engineering with its interdependent elements of processing, structure, properties, and performance. As modern computational and statistical techniques usher in a new paradigm of data-intensive scientific research and discovery, the rate at which the field of materials science and engineering capitalizes on these advances hinges on collaboration between numerous stakeholders. Here, we provide a contemporary extension to the classic materials tetrahedron with a dual framework—adapted from the concept of a “digital twin”—which offers a nexus joining materials science and information science. We believe this high-level framework, the materials–information twin tetrahedra (MITT), will provide stakeholders with a platform to contextualize, translate, and direct efforts in the pursuit of propelling materials science and technology forward. Impact statement This article provides a contemporary reimagination of the classic materials tetrahedron by augmenting it with parallel notions from information science. Since the materials tetrahedron (processing, structure, properties, performance) made its first debut, advances in computational and informational tools have transformed the landscape and outlook of materials research and development. Drawing inspiration from the notion of a digital twin, the materials–information twin tetrahedra (MITT) framework captures a holistic perspective of materials science and engineering in the presence of modern digital tools and infrastructures. This high-level framework incorporates sustainability and FAIR data principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable)—factors that recognize how systems impact and interact with other systems—in addition to the data and information flows that play a pivotal role in knowledge generation. The goal of the MITT framework is to give stakeholders from academia, industry, and government a communication tool for focusing efforts around the design, development, and deployment of materials in the years ahead. Graphic abstract Tetrahedron ; Computer science ; Nexus (standard) ; Data science ; Flexibility (engineering) ; Interoperability ; Interdependence ; Nanotechnology ; Sociology ; Chemistry ; Materials science ; World Wide Web Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Digital Transformation in Industry
Authors: Salma A. Al‐Zahrani | A. Manikandan | K. Thanrasu | A. Dinesh | K. Kanmani Raja | M.A. Almessiere | Y. Slimani | A. Baykal | S. Bhuminathan | S. Raghavendra Jayesh | Jahir Ahmed | Hajar S. Alorfi | Mahmoud A. Hussein | Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan | Anish Khan
Source: Crystals (article, 2022-02-16)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Influence of Ce3+ on the Structural, Morphological, Magnetic, Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Properties of Spinel MnFe2O4 Nanocrystallites Prepared by the Combustion Route The present work describes the effect of Ce3+ ion doping on the structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of spinel manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) nanocrystallites (NCs) using various instrument techniques. Rare earth element (REE) Cerium (Ce3+) doped MnFe2O4 NCs were prepared by a simple microwave combustion technique. In the present scenario, ferrites are widely used for photocatalytic dye degradation and antibacterial applications. Aiming to achieve this, we prepared Ce3+ doped MnFe2O4 NCs by microwave combustion method and urea as burning agent and the obtained powder samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), high resolution scanning electron microscope (HR-SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) and vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. The pure spinel phase formation was confirmed by XRD analysis. FTIR spectra show two prominent absorption bands under 1000 cm−1, which confirms the formation of the spinel structure. HR-SEM and HR-TEM pictures demonstrated a sphere-shaped morphology and also expose the combination and agglomeration of grains, which are mostly due to the magnetic characteristics of the samples. The magnetic properties of the synthesized MnCexFe2−xO4 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5) NCs were studied by VSM analysis at room temperature (RT) shows ferromagnetic behavior. The photodegradation results showed that MnFe2O4 and Ce doped MnFe2O4 NCs have a higher potential to degrade methylene blue (MB) and the sample MnCe0.3Fe1.7O4 NCs showed superb photocatalytic performance (91.53%) compared to other samples. The antibacterial activities of Gram-positive S. aureus, B. subtilis and Gram-negative K. pneumonia and E. coli were investigated using pure and Ce3+ substituted MnFe2O4 NCs and a higher activity for MnCe0.3Fe1.7O4 NCs than other samples was observed, which indicated that they can be used in biomedical applications. Spinel ; Materials science ; Scanning electron microscope ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; Photocatalysis ; Photodegradation ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; High-resolution transmission electron microscopy ; Nuclear chemistry ; Cerium ; Superparamagnetism ; Chemical engineering ; Nanotechnology ; Magnetization ; Chemistry ; Metallurgy ; Composite material ; Organic chemistry Magnetic Properties and Synthesis of Ferrites ; Multiferroics and related materials ; Advancements in Battery Materials
Authors: Kostas Parkatzidis | Nghia P. Truong | Manon Rolland | Viviane Lutz‐Bueno | Emily H. Pilkington | Raffaele Mezzenga | Athina Anastasaki
Source: Angewandte Chemie International Edition (article, 2022-01-11)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Transformer‐Induced Metamorphosis of Polymeric Nanoparticle Shape at Room Temperature Controlled polymerizations have enabled the production of nanostructured materials with different shapes, each exhibiting distinct properties. Despite the importance of shape, current morphological transformation strategies are limited in polymer scope, alter the chemical structure, require high temperatures, and are fairly tedious. Herein we present a rapid and versatile morphological transformation strategy that operates at room temperature and does not impair the chemical structure of the constituent polymers. By simply adding a molecular transformer to an aqueous dispersion of polymeric nanoparticles, a rapid evolution to the next higher-order morphology was observed, yielding a range of morphologies from a single starting material. Significantly, this approach can be applied to nanoparticles produced by disparate block copolymers obtained by various synthetic techniques including emulsion polymerization, polymerization-induced self-assembly and traditional solution self-assembly. Materials science ; Polymer ; Copolymer ; Nanoparticle ; Polymerization ; Nanotechnology ; Aqueous solution ; Chemical engineering ; Emulsion polymerization ; Chemistry ; Composite material ; Organic chemistry Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization ; Block Copolymer Self-Assembly ; Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
Authors: Joung Sik Suh | Byeong‐Chan Suh | Jun Ho Bae | Young Min Kim
Source: Materials & Design (article, 2022-11-30)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Machine learning-based design of biodegradable Mg alloys for load-bearing implants For load-bearing applications, biodegradable Mg alloys require high strength and slow degradation rates to support bone regeneration. This study proposes a design guide of Mg-Zn-Mn-Sr-Ca (ZMJX) alloys for load-bearing Mg implants using machine learning. To this end, it quantitatively investigates the correlation between 4 alloying elements with content of 0–3 wt%, ultimate compressive strength (UCS) and in vitro corrosion rate (CR) in ZMJX alloys. Cascade-forward neural networks predict UCS and CR with high accuracy of over 0.95 for a total of 840 data points. Random forest regression identifies Zn as a major determinant of UCS and CR. Based on this, three chemical compositions are recommended with improved compressive strength and in vitro corrosion resistance by well-verified neural network models. The proposed Mg alloys have UCS of 244–305 MPa and CR of 0.31–0.83 mm/y according to the change of the Zn content. These results can not only provide deep insights into ZMJX alloys, but also recommend a compositional window for load-bearing Mg implants. Materials science ; Compressive strength ; Corrosion ; Bearing (navigation) ; Load bearing ; Artificial neural network ; Metallurgy ; Composite material ; Machine learning ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications ; Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties ; Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition