jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Changhong Guo | Marco Di | Hongfang Gong | Jin Zhang | Shibo Sun | Kehua Ye | Bin Li | Lingxiao Quan
Source: Aerospace (article, 2025-01-16)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Study of Fluid Flow Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Aviation Fuel-Welded Pipelines via the Fluid–Solid Coupling Method The welded pipeline structure of aircraft fuel is a complex and diverse entity, significantly influenced by fluid–solid coupling. The refined aviation fuel-welded pipeline model plays a pivotal role in the investigation of its fluid–solid coupling mechanical properties. However, the mechanical analyses of pipelines with welded structures frequently simplify or ignore the influence of the weld zone (WZ). Consequently, these analyses fail to reveal the complex interactions between different weld zones in detail. In this study, a comprehensive and precise fuel-welded pipeline refinement model is developed through the acquisition of microstructural dimensions and mechanical parameters of the weld zone via metallographic inspection and microtensile testing. Additionally, the influence of clamps and brackets under airborne conditions is fully considered. Furthermore, the numerical simulation results are compared and verified using modal and random vibration tests. This paper addresses the impact of diverse fluid characteristics on the velocity field, pressure field, and stress in disparate areas, and it also conducts an investigation into the random vibration characteristics of the pipeline. The results demonstrate that the fluid pressure and velocity exert a considerable influence on the fluid flow state and structural stress distribution within the pipeline. An increase in flow velocity and alteration to the pipeline geometry will result in a change to the local velocity distribution, which in turn affects the distribution of the fluid pressure field. The highest stresses are observed in the weld zone, particularly at the junction between the weld zone and the heat-affected zone (HAZ). In contrast, the stresses in the bend region exhibit a corrugated distribution in both the axial and circumferential directions. An increase in fluid pressure has a significant impact on the natural frequency of the pipeline. This study enhances our comprehension of the mechanical properties of aircraft fuel lines with fluid–solid coupling and provides a foundation and guidance for the optimal design of fuel-welded lines. Coupling (piping) ; Welding ; Fluid dynamics ; Pipeline transport ; Flow (mathematics) ; Materials science ; Aviation ; Mechanics ; Engineering ; Structural engineering ; Mechanical engineering ; Aerospace engineering ; Physics Material Properties and Failure Mechanisms ; Erosion and Abrasive Machining ; Coal Combustion and Slurry Processing
Authors: Vijay Subramanian | Rajeswari Appadurai | H.N. Venkatesh | Ashok Sekhar | Anand Srivastava
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2025-02-17)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Morpheus: A fragment-based algorithm to predict metamorphic behaviour in proteins across proteomes Abstract Functionally important “fold-switching” proteins, which do not obey the classical folding dogma, are now thought to be widespread. Algorithms that can accurately annotate fold-switching proteins from sequence information can help uncover the true extent of the “metamorphome”. Here, we present Morpheus, a fragment-based classification approach, that works by analysing the diversity of structures within a query protein sequence. Morpheus exhaustively curates and uses fragment structural data from the protein data bank as well as the AlphaFold Protein Structure Database. We employed our algorithm on 57 different proteomes consisting of a total of 601,218 proteins and identified about 10% of these proteins with the ability to fold switch. Additionally, we provide a web server for Morpheus to test for metamorphic propensities for user-defined sequences ( http://mbu.iisc.ac.in/∼anand/morpheus ). Besides screening for metamorphic behaviour in proteomes, our work will be useful in de novo design and engineering of such proteins through further experimentation. Fragment (logic) ; Proteome ; Metamorphic rock ; Algorithm ; Computer science ; Computational biology ; Artificial intelligence ; Biology ; Paleontology ; Bioinformatics Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways ; Machine Learning in Bioinformatics
Authors: Naeem Ullah | Ata Ur Rahman Khalid | Shahid Iqbal | Muhammad Imran | Muhammad Ismail Khan | Vijay Laxmi | Yibin Tian | Xiaoqing Tian
Source: Results in Physics (article, 2025-04-24)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

All-dielectric coding metasurface designs for spin-selective beam shaping and multichannel optical vortex beam manipulation Enhancing the information-carrying capacity of incident light using multifunctional metasurfaces have attracted considerable interests due to its promising applications in high-secure information encryption and communication. Incorporating spin-dependent wavefront control into all-dielectric designs is particularly important, as it not only allows information encoding based on the polarization state of light but also significantly enhances the channel capacity and security of optical communications. This paper explores all-dielectric coding metasurface that not only contribute to the fundamental understanding of spin-dependent light-matter interactions but also facilitates spin-switchable wavefront manipulation. To authenticate the proposed concept, we utilize a dielectric metasurface constructed by silicon (Si) nanobricks arranged in a square lattice. Through the strategic design of coding patterns, we manipulated the geometric phase and propagation phase at a wavelength of 780 nm to enable spin-dependent wavefront control, resulting in enhanced and complex functionalities, including manipulation of optical vortex beam (VB) carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) with varied topological charges and a beam shaping that effectively split and divide the incident beam at an appropriate angle. In addition, the convolution operations further augment the functionality of all-dielectric coding metasurfaces, enabling more complex and multichannel manipulations. Our design method offers a simple and effective approach, which promises further applications in high-capacity encrypted communications, quantum information processing, non-invasive imaging and diagnostic systems. • The incorporation of coding technique in all-dielectric metasurfaces designs for spin-dependent light-matter interactions. • The convolutional operations enabled more complex and multichannel vortex beam manipulations. • Independent manipulation of each pixel to arbitrarily unlock the spin-coupled state of circular polarization. • Integration of advanced functionalities into a single compact device, enabling polarization switchable beam steering and multichannel optical vortex beam manipulation. • Information encoding based on the polarization state of light, significantly enhancing channel capacity. Dielectric ; Beam (structure) ; Optics ; Physics ; Vortex ; Optical vortex ; Optoelectronics ; Materials science Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
Authors: V.О. Dolgirev | D. S. Rastrygin | S.N. Sharangovich
Source: Computer Optics (article, 2025-04-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Electrically controlled optical spectral filters for DWDM communication networks based on multiplexed three-layer holographic photopolymer-liquid crystal diffraction structures This paper presents the diffraction characteristics of electrically controlled multiplexed three-layer holographic diffraction structures formed in photopolymer materials with a high proportion of nematic liquid crystals. The results obtained demonstrate the possibility of using multilayer holographic diffraction structures as the main element for electrically controlled optical spectral filters for dense wavelength division multiplexing communication networks. Holography ; Materials science ; Multiplexing ; Wavelength-division multiplexing ; Layer (electronics) ; Optics ; Photopolymer ; Optoelectronics ; Diffraction ; Liquid crystal ; Diffraction efficiency ; Optical filter ; Computer science ; Polymer ; Physics ; Telecommunications ; Wavelength ; Nanotechnology Liquid Crystal Research Advancements ; Photonic and Optical Devices ; Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics
Authors: Yalin Guo | Yakai He | Xilong Li | Zhiming Guo | Mengyao Zhang | Xiaomei Huang | Zheng Zhu | Huabin Jian | Z. Z. Du | Huangzhen Lv
Source: Sensors (article, 2025-06-13)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Assessment of Optical Properties and Monte Carlo-Based Simulation of Light Propagation in Blackhearted Potatoes This study investigated the optical properties (OPs) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of light propagation in Healthy Group (HG) and Blackhearted Group (BG) potatoes. The MC simulation of light propagation indicated that both the photon packet weight and the penetration depth were significantly lower in blackhearted tissues than in healthy tissues. The simulation revealed deeper light penetration in healthy tissues than in the blackhearted tissues, approximately 6.73 mm at 805 nm, whereas the penetration depth in blackhearted tissues was much shallower (1.30 mm at 805 nm). Additionally, the simulated absorption energy at both 490 nm and 805 nm was higher in blackhearted tissues, suggesting that these wavelengths effectively detect blackheart in potatoes. The absorption (<i>μ</i><sub>a</sub>) and reduced scattering (<i>μ</i>'<sub>s</sub>) coefficients were obtained using Vis-NIR spectroscopy, which represented a notable increase in <i>μ</i><sub>a</sub> in BH tissues, particularly around 550-850 nm, and an increase in <i>μ</i>'<sub>s</sub> across the Vis-NIR region. Based on transmittance (<i>T</i>t), <i>μ</i><sub>a</sub> and <i>μ</i>'<sub>s</sub>, Support Vector Machine Discriminant Analysis (SVM-DA) models demonstrated exceptional performance, achieving 95.83-100.00% accuracy in Cross-Validation sets, thereby confirming the robustness and reliability of the optical features for accurate blackheart detection. These findings provide valuable theoretical insights into the accuracy and robustness of predictive models for detecting blackhearted potatoes. Monte Carlo method ; Statistical physics ; Computer science ; Physics ; Mathematics ; Statistics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
Authors: Ilse Jauregui Bogarin | Virginia García-Angel | Miriam Siqueiros-Hernández | Emmanuel Santiago Durazo-Romero | Hernán D. Magaña-Almaguer | Lidia Vargas Osuna | Benjamín González Vizcarra
Source: Fibers (article, 2025-05-19)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Experimental Analysis of Low-Energy Impact Damage in Composite Material Airfoils The use of composite materials in aerospace structures has led to significant weight reductions and improved performance. However, their behavior under low-energy impact remains a critical concern due to the potential initiation of barely visible damage. This study investigates the crack initiation mechanisms in composite airfoil profiles subjected to low-energy impact, simulating real-world scenarios such as hail or bird strikes. Two types of airfoil profiles were fabricated using bidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) with epoxy resin and tested under ASTM D7136 impact conditions. Tensile tests following ASTM D3039 were conducted to assess post-impact mechanical behavior. The damage patterns were analyzed using high-resolution microscopy and non-destructive inspection techniques. Results revealed that damage severity and propagation depend on impact energy levels and airfoil geometry, with SC(2)-0714 exhibiting better impact resistance than GOE777-IL. Microscopic analysis confirmed that delamination initiated at 45° fiber orientations, expanding along interlaminar regions, while airfoil curvature influenced the impact energy dissipation. Airfoil ; Composite number ; Materials science ; Composite material ; Structural engineering ; Energy (signal processing) ; Impact energy ; Aerospace engineering ; Engineering ; Physics High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior ; Mechanical Behavior of Composites ; Cellular and Composite Structures
Authors: Xujia Gong | Amar Fakhredine | Carmine Autieri
Source: Physical review. B./Physical review. B (article, 2025-09-08)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Tunability of magnetic properties in the Ni-intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>NbSe</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> We study the magnetic and electronic properties of Ni-intercalated ${\mathrm{NbSe}}_{2}$. We calculate the magnetic exchanges of ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{x}{\mathrm{NbSe}}_{2}$ ($x=1/3,\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}1/4,$ and 1) and find that the out-of-plane magnetic coupling depends on the Ni connectivity: it is ferromagnetic when Ni atoms stack on top of each other and antiferromagnetic otherwise. Focusing on ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{0.25}{\mathrm{NbSe}}_{2}$, we identify a ground-state transition from a stripe antiferromagnetic phase with Kramers degeneracy to a ferromagnetic phase above a critical Coulomb interaction ${\mathrm{U}}_{C}$. Spin-orbit coupling lowers ${\mathrm{U}}_{C}$, aligns the easy axis along $z$, and stabilizes collinear antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic states over the competing ${120}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ phase. Ni intercalation also strongly modifies the electronic structure, replacing the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$-point hole pocket of pristine ${\mathrm{NbSe}}_{2}$ with an electron pocket and shifting the Van Hove singularity away from the Fermi level, thereby suppressing potential instabilities. Finally, we investigate the altermagnetic phase in the broader class ${\mathrm{T}}_{0.25}{\mathrm{MX}}_{2}$, finding that spin-orbit effects induce orbital antiferromagnetism with weak ferromagnetism or ferrimagnetism depending on the N\'eel vector orientation. Our results demonstrate that Ni-intercalated ${\mathrm{NbSe}}_{2}$ provides a versatile platform to explore and tune multiple competing magnetic phases that lie close in energy. Antiferromagnetism ; Ferromagnetism ; Ferrimagnetism ; Fermi level ; Coupling (piping) ; Phase transition ; Magnetism ; Electronic structure 2D Materials and Applications ; Topological Materials and Phenomena ; Iron-based superconductors research
Authors: María-del-Mar Garrido-Cuevas | Ana-María Garrido-Varo | María‐Teresa Sánchez | Dolores Pérez‐Marín
Source: Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy (article, 2025-04-24)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Assessment of a portable near-infrared spectral sensor for enhancing virgin olive oil quality control Ensuring the quality and authenticity of olive oils is a significant challenge for the industry, as current analytical methods rely on expensive equipment, trained personnel, and long-duration processes. To address this issue, the implementation of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) - a rapid, cost-effective, multiparameter, and non-invasive analytical technology, might be considered. The aim of this research was to optimize key NIRS methodological aspects, such as sample presentation and spectral data acquisition, to enhance the effectiveness of a portable near infrared device based on Linear Variable Filters (LVF) in real-world conditions, for on-site olive oil quality assessments. Additionally, the performance of the LVF sensor was compared with that of a benchtop instrument using in both cases 810 olive oil samples. The results obtained showed that the transmission module used with 10 mm optical path-length polystyrene cuvettes was the best accessory for on-site analysis of olive oil with the LVF instrument. Despite differences in spectral range, resolution, and operational settings, the portable device demonstrated strong predictive capabilities for key quality parameters, such as Acidity and Fatty acid ethyl esters (residual predictive deviation for cross-validation (RPD<sub>cv</sub>) values of 5.67; 2.07, respectively), achieving results comparable to those of the laboratory instrument (RPD<sub>cv</sub> = 8.45; 2.07, respectively). This marks a significant advancement in NIRS application in the olive oil industry, offering portable and accessible solutions to enhance quality control and traceability, improve transparency, and reduce fraud. The study provides a novel and practical framework for the implementation of portable NIRS sensors, contributing both to academic progress in methodological standardization and to the development of low-cost analytical tools for a sector characterised by a highly fragmented production landscape, where small producers often lack access to expensive laboratory equipment. Chemistry ; Olive oil ; Quality (philosophy) ; Pulp and paper industry ; Food science Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Edible Oils Quality and Analysis ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
Authors: Shimaa I. Sayed | Korany R. Mahmoud | Roaa I. Mubarak
Source: Discover Applied Sciences (article, 2025-07-16)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Circuit modeling and hybrid optimization of a lithography-free visible metamaterial absorber Abstract This paper presents a lithography-free broadband metamaterial absorber designed to cover the visible wavelength spectrum. Two equivalent circuit models based on Transmission Line theory (TL) and Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) are introduced to accurately characterize the absorber's performance. The proposed models are validated by numerical simulations and compared with existing experimental data, showing a strong agreement with the results. To maximize absorption capability, the structure is further optimized using a hybrid Gravitational Search Particle Swarm Optimization (GSPSO) algorithm. The optimized tungsten structure, with a thin thickness of approximately 160 nm, can achieve absorption over 90% across the visible range from 400 to 785 nm and an average absorption of 96%. Moreover, the absorber exhibits a peak absorbance of over 95% within the range from 435 to 665 nm. In addition, the proposed absorber demonstrates high absorption characteristics, maintaining over 80% absorptivity for incident angles up to 60°, for both TE and TM modes. Therefore, the superior performance characteristics of this absorber, as well as the absence of the need for lithography in the fabrication process, make it a highly promising choice for large-scale manufacturing of devices that operate in the visible light region. Metamaterial ; Lithography ; Materials science ; Metamaterial absorber ; Optoelectronics ; Optics ; Tunable metamaterials ; Physics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks
Authors: Muhammad Usama Saleem | Ekkasit Pinyoanuntapong | Pu Wang | Hongfei Xue | Srijan Das | Chen Chen
Source: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (article, 2025-04-11)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

GenHMR: Generative Human Mesh Recovery Human mesh recovery (HMR) is crucial in many computer vision applications; from health to arts and entertainment. HMR from monocular images has predominantly been addressed by deterministic methods that output a single prediction for a given 2D image. However, HMR from a single image is an ill-posed problem due to depth ambiguity and occlusions. Probabilistic methods have attempted to address this by generating and fusing multiple plausible 3D reconstructions, but their performance has often lagged behind deterministic approaches. In this paper, we introduce GenHMR, a novel generative framework that reformulates monocular HMR as an image-conditioned generative task, explicitly modeling and mitigating uncertainties in the 2D-to-3D mapping process. GenHMR comprises two key components: (1) a pose tokenizer to convert 3D human poses into a sequence of discrete tokens in a latent space, and (2) an image-conditional masked transformer to learn the probabilistic distributions of the pose tokens, conditioned on the input image prompt along with randomly masked token sequence. During inference, the model samples from the learned conditional distribution to iteratively decode high-confidence pose tokens, thereby reducing 3D reconstruction uncertainties. To further refine the reconstruction, a 2D pose-guided refinement technique is proposed to directly fine-tune the decoded pose tokens in the latent space, which forces the projected 3D body mesh to align with the 2D pose clues. Experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate that GenHMR significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Generative grammar ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence Textile materials and evaluations ; Forensic Entomology and Diptera Studies
Authors: José Omar Cabrera Escobar | Edison Patricio Villacrés Cevallos | Elba María Bodero Poveda | Ciro Diego Radicelli García | Luis Contreras | Darío Benavides
Source: Processes (article, 2025-10-30)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Heavy Crude Oil Transport Under Ecuadorian Oriente Conditions The surface transportation of heavy crude oil remains an operational challenge due to its high viscosity and rapid heat loss when exposed to ambient conditions, which significantly increases the energy required for pumping. Although previous studies have estimated thermal losses using average convective coefficients, they have not characterized the internal development of the thermal and velocity boundary layers, nor their direct influence on viscosity and flow regime. The objective of this study is to develop a predictive model based on computational fluid dynamics with temperature-dependent properties, enabling the analysis of the interaction between heat transfer phenomena and flow dynamics along a 50 m SCH-80 pipeline segment under real conditions of the Ecuadorian Oriente and to propose a mathematical tool capable of accurately predicting temperature loss over long pipeline sections. The results show a temperature decrease from 346.5 K to 342.5 K, accompanied by the formation of a thermal boundary layer that reaches 87% of the pipe radius and a reduction in the Reynolds number to approximately 5 due to the increase in viscosity. Furthermore, an effective external convective heat transfer coefficient of 5 W·m−2·K was determined, and the developed polynomial model achieved a coefficient of determination R2 of 0.998, confirming its predictive capability for optimizing the transportation of heavy crude oils. Computational fluid dynamics ; Convection ; Thermal ; Heat transfer ; Heat transfer coefficient ; Pipeline (software) ; Viscosity ; RADIUS ; Flow (mathematics) Petroleum Processing and Analysis ; Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques ; Water Systems and Optimization