jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Takafumi Aizawa | Yoshito Wakui
Source: Membranes (article, 2020-12-03)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Correlation between the Porosity and Permeability of a Polymer Filter Fabricated via CO2-Assisted Polymer Compression A porous filter was fabricated by plasticizing polymer fibers with CO<sub>2</sub>, followed by pressing and adhering; then, its gas permeability, a basic physical property of filters, was measured using N<sub>2</sub>. The as-obtained filter was well compressed and expected to approximate a sintered porous material. Therefore, the fabricated filter was analyzed by applying the Darcy law, and the correlation between its gas permeability and porosity was clarified. The gas permeability decreased owing to both pore size and porosity reduction upon increasing the degree of compression, which is a feature of the CO<sub>2</sub>-assisted polymer compression method. In particular, without any contradiction of pore size data previously reported, the gas permeability was clearly determined by the filter porosity and pore size. This study can serve as a guide for designing filters via CO<sub>2</sub>-assisted polymer compression. Porosity ; Permeability (electromagnetism) ; Materials science ; Polymer ; Composite material ; Pressing ; Filter (signal processing) ; Chemistry ; Membrane Polymer Foaming and Composites ; Injection Molding Process and Properties ; Membrane Separation and Gas Transport
Authors: Divo Dharma Silalahi | Habshah Midi | Jayanthi Arasan | Mohd Shafie Mustafa | Jean‐Pierre Caliman
Source: Sensors (article, 2020-09-03)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Robust Wavelength Selection Using Filter-Wrapper Method and Input Scaling on Near Infrared Spectral Data The extraction of relevant wavelengths from a large dataset of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a significant challenge in vibrational spectroscopy research. Nonetheless, this process allows the improvement in the chemical interpretability by emphasizing the chemical entities related to the chemical parameters of samples. With the complexity in the dataset, it may be possible that irrelevant wavelengths are still included in the multivariate calibration. This yields the computational process to become unnecessary complex and decreases the accuracy and robustness of the model. In multivariate analysis, Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) is a method commonly used to build a predictive model from NIR spectral data. However, in the PLSR method and common commercial chemometrics software, there is no standard wavelength selection procedure applied to screen the irrelevant wavelengths. In this study, a new robust wavelength selection procedure called the modified VIP-MCUVE (mod-VIP-MCUVE) using Filter-Wrapper method and input scaling strategy is introduced. The proposed method combines the modified Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) and modified Monte Carlo Uninformative Variable Elimination (MCUVE) to calculate the scale matrix of the input variable. The modified VIP uses the orthogonal components of Partial Least Square (PLS) in investigating the informative variable in the model by applying the amount of variation both in X and y{SSX,SSY}, simultaneously. The modified MCUVE uses a robust reliability coefficient and a robust tolerance interval in the selection procedure. To evaluate the superiority of the proposed method, the classical VIP, MCUVE, and autoscaling procedure in classical PLSR were also included in the evaluation. Using artificial data with Monte Carlo simulation and NIR spectral data of oil palm (<i>Elaeis guineensis</i> Jacq.) fruit mesocarp, the study shows that the proposed method offers advantages to improve model interpretability, to be computationally extensive, and to produce better model accuracy. Partial least squares regression ; Robustness (evolution) ; Chemometrics ; Variable elimination ; Interpretability ; Computer science ; Feature selection ; Scaling ; Multivariate statistics ; Algorithm ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Mathematics ; Artificial intelligence ; Machine learning ; Chemistry Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Remote Sensing in Agriculture ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Authors: Barbara Sawicka | Ewa Kotiuk | Anna Kiełtyka‐Dadasiewicz | Barbara Krochmal‐Marczak
Source: Journal of Oleo Science (article, 2020-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Fatty Acids Composition of Mustard Oil from Two Cultivars and Physico-chemical Characteristics of the Seeds Analyses of fatty acids were carried out in oil samples derived from white mustard. Two cultivars of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) were evaluated: 'Borowska', and 'Bamberka'. The oil content in the seeds of the tested cultivars was 276 and 290 g/kg, respectively. The oils obtained differed significantly in the composition of fatty acids. The oil from 'Borowska' contained less saturated fatty acids (4.86%) in comparison to 'Bamberka' (10.36%). The content of erucic acid was 22.2% in the 'Borowska' oil, while the oil from 'Bamberka' contained only 3.8% of this component. The research shows that the oil pressed from 'Borowska' can be used for technical purposes, and the oil derived from the cultivar 'Bamberka' can be used for food purposes due to the low content of erucic acid in the fatty acid composition and the beneficial fatty acid composition. As a component of diet, the low-erucic acid oil from the cultivar 'Bamberka' can be a source of unsaturated fatty acids (total 67.25%). The lower levels of linoleic (9.46 %) and linolenic (8.35%) acid, compared with 'Borowska' (respectively: 12.5 and 10.5%), may contribute to increased oil oxidative stability during storage. Erucic acid ; Cultivar ; Food science ; Composition (language) ; Chemistry ; Linolenic acid ; Fatty acid ; Linoleic acid ; Rapeseed ; Sinapis ; Chemical composition ; Polyunsaturated fatty acid ; Brassica ; Botany ; Biology ; Biochemistry ; Organic chemistry Edible Oils Quality and Analysis ; Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis ; Nitrogen and Sulfur Effects on Brassica
Authors: Jonathan Trisno | Hao Wang | Hongtao Wang | Ray Jia Hong Ng | Soroosh Daqiqeh Rezaei | Joel K. W. Yang
Source: Advanced Photonics Research (article, 2020-10-10)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Applying Machine Learning to the Optics of Dielectric Nanoblobs Dielectric nanostructures are the basic building blocks for photonic metasurfaces exhibiting designer optical responses. As their optical responses are nonintuitive, design procedures often consider only primitive geometries such as circles, ellipses, and rectangles. Despite these simplified geometries, achieving a target response still requires the forward design problem of solving Maxwell's equations to build a database of geometric parameters and their spectral responses. Herein, this work aims to leverage on the strength of deep neural networks (DNN) in image recognition to tackle the intractable inverse design problem of complex geometries, in which geometric parameters cannot be extracted. The work focuses on nanoblob geometries, i.e., irregular structures with rounded corners. When given a desired spectral response, the work investigates the ability of a well‐trained DNN in generating suitable geometries of the dielectric nanostructure and a corresponding source polarization. Dielectric ; Ellipse ; Leverage (statistics) ; Artificial neural network ; Computer science ; Photonics ; Nanostructure ; Inverse ; Inverse problem ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Artificial intelligence ; Geometry ; Optics ; Mathematics ; Physics ; Materials science ; Optoelectronics ; Mathematical analysis ; Nanotechnology Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Photonic Crystals and Applications ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research
Authors: Xiaoyu Chai | Lizhang Xu | Yang Li | Jie Qiu | Yaoming Li | Liya Lv | Yahui Zhu
Source: Electronics (article, 2020-10-23)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Development and Experimental Analysis of a Fuzzy Grey Control System on Rapeseed Cleaning Loss One of the most important means of improving the mechanization of rapeseed harvests and increasing farmers’ income is to reduce the cleaning loss of rapeseed. In this study, a fuzzy grey control system was developed using an assembled cleaning loss sensor. Based on experimental data, the relationship between the cleaning loss and the opening of the louver sieve in the cleaning device was obtained. The fuzzy control scheme was established by combining grey prediction and the fuzzy control principle. Secondly, a microcontroller unit (MCU) was used as the controller, and the opening of the louver sieve was automatically regulated by detecting the signal of the cleaning loss. Finally, the performance and robustness of the control system was evaluated in field tests. Different experiments were conducted under different speed conditions to reflect the variable throughput. Results showed that using the grey prediction control system can realize the adjustment of the louver sieve opening in real time. The cleaning loss could be maintained within the ideal setpoint interval, compared with the operation with the control system switched off. These findings indicate that the application of the grey fuzzy control system reduces cleaning loss, and the nonlinear, time-variable and time delay problems in cleaning devices can be solved effectively. Fuzzy control system ; Fuzzy logic ; Microcontroller ; Engineering ; Control theory (sociology) ; Control system ; Setpoint ; Computer science ; Control engineering ; Control (management) ; Artificial intelligence ; Embedded system Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis ; Advanced Control Systems Optimization
Authors: Tereza Zdiniakova | María Beatriz de la Calle Guntiñas
Source: European Food Research and Technology (article, 2020-07-13)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Feasibility study about the use of element profiles determined by ED-XRF as screening method to authenticate coconut sugar commercially available Abstract Financial gain is a main driver for committing food fraud and replacement of ingredients with cheaper alternatives is an easy way to do it. Coconut sugar is becoming popular as an alternative to beetroot or cane sugar due to its high mineral content and lower glycaemic index. As its market price is about twice as high as that of conventional sugar, coconut sugar may become target to fraudulent manipulation. The present work explores the feasibility of using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence as a screening tool to verify its authenticity. Mass fractions of P, Cl, S, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Br, Rb, and Sr determined in eleven coconut, ten cane, and one beetroot sugar samples, purchased in Belgian, Spanish, Polish, and Italian supermarkets were used for discriminating the different sugars. On average, the mass fractions of all the mentioned elements were higher in coconut than in cane and beetroot sugars. Multivariate analysis of the elemental fingerprint by Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogies was used for authentication purposes. Models constructed were characterised by zero false positives; three coconut sugars (27%) could not be classified as such, neither as cane sugars. Sugar ; Fingerprint (computing) ; Cane ; Food science ; Mathematics ; Sugar cane ; Chemistry ; Pulp and paper industry ; Biotechnology ; Environmental science ; Computer science ; Agricultural science ; Engineering ; Biology ; Artificial intelligence Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Natural Products and Biological Research ; Identification and Quantification in Food
Authors: Min-Jee Kim | Jongguk Lim | Sung Won Kwon | Gi‐Young Kim | Moon S. Kim | Byoung–Kwan Cho | Insuck Baek | Seung Hyun Lee | Youngwook Seo | Changyeun Mo
Source: Applied Sciences (article, 2020-08-21)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Geographical Origin Discrimination of White Rice Based on Image Pixel Size Using Hyperspectral Fluorescence Imaging Analysis Geographical origin discrimination of white rice is an important endeavor in preventing illegal distribution of white rice and regulating and standardizing food safety and quality assurance. The aim of this study was to develop a method for geographical origin discrimination between South Korean and Chinese rice using a hyperspectral fluorescence imaging technique and multivariate analysis. Hyperspectral fluorescence images of South Korean and Chinese rice samples were obtained in the wavelength range of 420 nm to 780 nm with intervals of 4.8 nm using 365 nm wavelength ultraviolet-A excitation light. Partial least squares discriminant analysis models were developed and applied to the acquired image to determine the geographical origins of the rice samples. In addition, various pre-processing techniques were applied to improve the discrimination accuracy. Accordingly, the pixel size of the hyperspectral image was determined. The results revealed that the optimum pixel size of the hyperspectral image that was above 7 mm × 7 mm showed a high discrimination accuracy. Moreover, the geographical origin discrimination model that applied the first-order derivative achieved a high discrimination accuracy of 98.89%. The results of this study showed that hyperspectral fluorescence imaging technology can be used to quickly and accurately discriminate the geographical origins of white rice. Hyperspectral imaging ; Pixel ; Remote sensing ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Geography Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; GABA and Rice Research ; Identification and Quantification in Food
Authors: Álvaro de Jesús Ruíz-Baltazar
Source: Inorganic Chemistry Communications (article, 2020-07-28)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Kinetic adsorption models of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized by Cnicus Benedictus: Study of the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and antibacterial activity Methylene blue ; Photocatalysis ; Antibacterial activity ; Adsorption ; Silver nanoparticle ; Crystallite ; Streptococcus mutans ; Materials science ; Chemical engineering ; Nuclear chemistry ; Nanoparticle ; Degradation (telecommunications) ; Chemistry ; Nanotechnology ; Organic chemistry ; Bacteria ; Catalysis ; Metallurgy Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Yashwanth Padarthi | Santoshi Mohanta | Jeetendra Kumar Gupta | Swati Neogi
Source: Polymer Degradation and Stability (article, 2020-11-20)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Assessment of transport kinetics and chemo-mechanical properties of GF/Epoxy composite under long term exposure to sulphuric acid Epoxy ; Materials science ; Dynamic mechanical analysis ; Thermogravimetric analysis ; Composite material ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; Composite number ; Diffusion ; Scanning electron microscope ; Aqueous solution ; Gravimetric analysis ; Chemical engineering ; Polymer ; Chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Thermodynamics Polymer crystallization and properties ; Fiber-reinforced polymer composites ; Muon and positron interactions and applications
Authors: Bruno Seiki Domingos Onishi | Cecília Sacramento dos Reis Ferreira | Alexandre Urbano | Maria Josefa Santos
Source: Applied Clay Science (article, 2020-07-30)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Modified hydrotalcite for phosphorus slow-release: Kinetic and sorption-desorption processes in clayey and sandy soils from North of Paraná state (Brazil) Sorption ; Desorption ; Hydrotalcite ; Chemistry ; Soil water ; Langmuir ; Freundlich equation ; Diffusion ; Environmental chemistry ; Phosphorus ; Layered double hydroxides ; Soil science ; Adsorption ; Geology ; Organic chemistry ; Thermodynamics Layered Double Hydroxides Synthesis and Applications ; Phosphorus and nutrient management ; Clay minerals and soil interactions
Authors: Gonçalo A. Marcelo | Maria Paula Duarte | Elisabete Oliveira
Source: SN Applied Sciences (article, 2020-07-08)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Gold@mesoporous silica nanocarriers for the effective delivery of antibiotics and by-passing of β-lactam resistance Nanocarriers ; Antibiotics ; Amoxicillin ; Mesoporous silica ; Antibiotic resistance ; Microbiology ; Ofloxacin ; Antimicrobial ; Chemistry ; Drug delivery ; Mesoporous material ; Nanotechnology ; Materials science ; Ciprofloxacin ; Biology ; Biochemistry Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications ; Advanced Nanomaterials in Catalysis
Authors: Poornima Kalyanram | Anu Puri | Anju Gupta
Source: International Journal of Lipids (article, 2020-08-24)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Understanding the Stealth Properties of PEGylated lipids: A Mini-Review PEGylation is a well-established strategy for improving the target specificity, circulation time and stability of liposomes, thereby improving their stealth properties. This brief review provides an insight on the composition of PEGylated liposomes and the characteristics that dictate the functionality of PEGylated liposomes such as surface density, molecular weight, presence of linkers and acyl groups. Physicochemical techniques used to characterize the PEG liposomes and test their stability are also discussed along with their clinical implications. This review provides the readers with a broad range of understanding of various PEGylated lipids, techniques to access their stability in liposomal formulations and state-of -the-art development of PEGylated liposomal formulations. PEGylation ; Liposome ; PEG ratio ; Nanotechnology ; Chemistry ; Materials science ; Polyethylene glycol ; Biochemistry Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; RNA Interference and Gene Delivery ; Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
Authors: Jingxiang Liu | Tao Liu | Junghui Chen | Hong Yue | Fangkun Zhang | Feiran Sun
Source: Journal of Process Control (article, 2020-10-21)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Data-driven modeling of product crystal size distribution and optimal input design for batch cooling crystallization processes Mathematical optimization ; Algorithm ; Weighting ; Basis (linear algebra) ; Basis function ; Wavelet ; Particle swarm optimization ; Mathematics ; Biological system ; Computer science ; Applied mathematics ; Mathematical analysis ; Artificial intelligence Crystallization and Solubility Studies ; Computational Drug Discovery Methods ; Chemical and Physical Properties in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Jie Li | Lin Du | Jing Huang | Yuan He | Jun Yi | Lili Miao | Chujun Zhao | Shuangchun Wen
Source: Nanophotonics (article, 2020-11-09)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Passive photonic diodes based on natural van der Waals heterostructures Abstract Van der Waals heterostructures are composed of stacked atomically thin two‐dimensional (2D) crystals to provide unprecedented functionalities and novel physics. Franckeite, a naturally occurring van der Waals heterostructure consisting of superimposed SnS 2 ‐like and PbS‐like layers alternately, shows intriguing potential in versatile optoelectronic applications. Here, we have prepared the few‐layer franckeite via liquid‐phase exfoliation method and characterized its third‐order nonlinearity and ultrafast dynamics experimentally. We have found that the layered franckeite shows low saturable intensity, large modulation depth and picosecond ultrafast response. We have designed the passive photonic diodes based on the layered franckeite/C 60 cascaded film and suspension configuration and found that the passive photonic diodes exhibit stable nonreciprocal transmission of light. The experimental results show the excellent nonlinear optical performance and ultrafast response of the layered franckeite, which may make inroad for the cost effective and reliable high‐performance optoelectronic devices. van der Waals force ; Materials science ; Optoelectronics ; Heterojunction ; Ultrashort pulse ; Photonics ; Diode ; Picosecond ; Exfoliation joint ; Photonic crystal ; Nanotechnology ; Optics ; Laser ; Graphene ; Physics 2D Materials and Applications ; Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies ; Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
Authors: Alessio Smeraldo | Paolo A. Netti | Enza Torino
Source: Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging (review, 2020-09-27)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

New Strategies in the Design of Paramagnetic CAs Nowadays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the first diagnostic imaging modality for numerous indications able to provide anatomical information with high spatial resolution through the use of magnetic fields and gradients. Indeed, thanks to the characteristic relaxation time of each tissue, it is possible to distinguish between healthy and pathological ones. However, the need to have brighter images to increase differences and catch important diagnostic details has led to the use of contrast agents (CAs). Among them, Gadolinium-based CAs (Gd-CAs) are routinely used in clinical MRI practice. During these last years, FDA highlighted many risks related to the use of Gd-CAs such as nephrotoxicity, heavy allergic effects, and, recently, about the deposition within the brain. These alerts opened a debate about the opportunity to formulate Gd-CAs in a different way but also to the use of alternative and safer compounds to be administered, such as manganese- (Mn-) based agents. In this review, the physical principle behind the role of relaxivity and the <i>T</i> <sub>1</sub> boosting will be described in terms of characteristic correlation times and inner and outer spheres. Then, the recent advances in the entrapment of Gd-CAs within nanostructures will be analyzed in terms of relaxivity boosting obtained without the chemical modification of CAs as approved in the chemical practice. Finally, a critical evaluation of the use of manganese-based CAs will be illustrated as an alternative ion to Gd due to its excellent properties and endogenous elimination pathway. Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gadolinium ; Boosting (machine learning) ; Paramagnetism ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Medicine ; Computer science ; Radiology ; Medical physics ; Nanotechnology ; Materials science ; Artificial intelligence ; Physics ; Condensed matter physics Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes ; Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials ; Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications