jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Arnaud Taute | Sadek Al-jibouri | Capucine Laprais | S. Monfray | Julien Lumeau | Antonin Moreau | Xavier Letartre | Nicolas Baboux | Guillaume Saint‐Girons | Lotfi Berguiga | Sébastien Cueff
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-06-30)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A simple method for programming and analyzing multilevel crystallization states in phase-change materials thin film We propose and demonstrate a simple method to accurately monitor and program arbitrary states of partial crystallization in phase-change materials (PCMs). The method relies both on the optical absorption in PCMs as well as on the physics of crystallization kinetics. Instead of raising temperature incrementally to increase the fraction of crystallized material, we leverage the time evolution of crystallization at constant temperatures and couple this to a real-time optical monitoring to precisely control the change of phase. We experimentally demonstrate this scheme by encoding a dozen of distinct states of crystallization in two different PCMs: GST and Sb2S3. We further exploit this time-crystallization for the in-situ analysis of phase change mechanisms and demonstrate that the physics of crystallization in Sb2S3 is fully described by the so-called Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov formalism. The presented method not only paves the way towards real-time and model-free programming of non-volatile reconfigurable photonic integrated devices, but also provides crucial insights into the physics of crystallization in PCMs. Crystallization ; Leverage (statistics) ; Materials science ; Phase change ; Exploit ; Photonics ; Formalism (music) ; Computer science ; Physics ; Thermodynamics ; Optoelectronics ; Artificial intelligence Phase-change materials and chalcogenides ; Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films
Authors: Michael A. Sennett | Brian C Beckett | Douglas L. Theobald
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2023-02-22)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

The most probable ancestral sequence reconstruction yields proteins without systematic bias in thermal stability or activity Abstract Ancestral sequence resurrection (ASR) is the inference of extinct biological sequences from extant sequences, the most popular of which are based on probabilistic models of evolution. ASR is becoming a popular method for studying the evolution of enzyme characteristics. The properties of ancestral enzymes are biochemically and biophysically characterized to gain some knowledge regarding the origin of some enzyme property. Current methodology relies on resurrection of the single most probable (SMP) sequence and is systematically biased. Previous theoretical work suggests this will result in a thermostability bias in resurrected SMP sequences, and even the activity, calling into question inferences derived from ancestral protein properties. We experimentally test the potential stability bias hypothesis by resurrecting 40 malate and lactate dehydrogenases. Despite the methodological bias in resurrecting an SMP protein, the measured biophysical and biochemical properties of the SMP protein are not biased in comparison to other, less probable, resurrections. In addition, the SMP protein property seems to be representative of the ancestral probability distribution. Therefore, the conclusions and inferences drawn from the SMP protein are likely not a source of bias. Significance Ancestral sequence resurrection (ASR) is a powerful tool for: determining how new protein functions evolve; inferring the properties of an environment in which species existed; and protein engineering applications. We demonstrate, using lactate and malate dehydrogenases (L/MDHs), that resurrecting the single most probable sequence (SMP) from a maximum likelihood phylogeny does not result in biased activity and stability relative to sequences sampled from the posterior probability distribution. Previous studies using experimentally measured phenotypes of SMP sequences to make inferences about the environmental conditions and the path of evolution are likely not biased in their conclusions. Serendipitously, we discover ASR is also a valid tool for protein engineering because sampled reconstructions are both highly active and stable. Inference ; Thermostability ; Stability (learning theory) ; Extant taxon ; Sequence (biology) ; Biology ; Probabilistic logic ; Property (philosophy) ; Evolutionary biology ; Systematic error ; Protein stability ; Computational biology ; Biological system ; Statistics ; Enzyme ; Genetics ; Mathematics ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Machine learning ; Biochemistry Enzyme Structure and Function ; Protein Structure and Dynamics ; Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
Authors: Xianting Ding | Qingwen Wang | Ding Xingwen | Zhixiao Xu | Boqian Wang | Aiting Wang | Liping Wang | Sunfengda Song | Yi Ding | Youming Chen | Shuang Zhang | Lai Jiang
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2023-04-28)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Ten-organ developmental proteome atlas from infancy to adulthood mice Proteome ; Biology ; Sexual dimorphism ; Phenotype ; Spleen ; Kidney ; Human Protein Atlas ; Physiology ; Bioinformatics ; Endocrinology ; Protein expression ; Immunology ; Genetics Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways ; Cancer-related gene regulation
Authors: Nasim Alem | Saiphaneendra Bachu | Steffi Y. Woo | Leixin Miao | Benjamin Huet | Joan M. Redwing | Mathieu Kociak | Luiz H. G. Tizei
Source: Microscopy and Microanalysis (article, 2023-07-22)
Field: Chemistry — Electrochemistry

Determination of Local Electronic Structure and Optical Response Using Spectroscopy Methods in STEM Assisted by Unsupervised Machine Learning International audience Library science ; State (computer science) ; Art history ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer science ; Art ; Algorithm Electrochemical Analysis and Applications ; Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications
Authors: Rodrigo Vidonscky Pinto | Flávio Augusto Sanzovo Fiorelli
Source: Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Experimental Evaluation of Individual Hotspots of a Multicore Microprocessor Using Pulsating Heat Sources The present work provides an experimental and numerical procedure to obtain the geometrical position of the hotspots of a microprocessor using the thermal images obtained from the transient thermal response of this processor subject to pulsating stress tests. This is performed by the solution of the steady inverse heat transfer problem using these thermal images, resulting in qualitative heat source distributions; these are analyzed using the mean heat source gradients to identify the elements that can be considered hotspots. This procedure identified that the processor INTEL Core 2 Quad Q8400S contains one hotspot located in the center of its left die and four hotspots located near the lower left corner of its right die, which is consistent with the thermal response obtained for both the stress test applied to each core of this processor and the stress test applied to all of its cores. Microprocessor ; Hotspot (geology) ; Thermal ; Heat transfer ; Nuclear engineering ; Mechanics ; Multi-core processor ; Open source ; Computer science ; Materials science ; Mechanical engineering ; Geology ; Thermodynamics ; Physics ; Parallel computing ; Engineering ; Software ; Computer hardware Thermal properties of materials ; Electronic Packaging and Soldering Technologies ; Heat Transfer and Optimization
Authors: T C - Sarmilaa
Source: International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research (article, 2023-08-11)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Computation of Electric Field and Potential Distribution of 110KV Polymer Insulator The electric field (E-Field) and potential distribution are more important in deciding the lifetime of the insulator. Different climate conditions and several pollution conditions lead to the deterioration and degradation of the insulator's properties, increasing the electric stress and exceeding the threshold value during long working conditions, leading to the failure of the insulator. This project mainly focuses on improving the reduction of electric stress by using different side positions of the corona ring an optimizing corona ring placement on a 110 kV AC transmission line composite insulator. The Corona ring plays a significant role in the reduction of electric stress. Analyze the performance of three different positions of the corona ring: HV and LV side, LV side, and HV side, and implement the three different optimizations in the Bobyqa, Nelder-Mead, and Cobyla optimizations to achieve uniform distribution. The results show that HV-side corona ring placement significantly reduces electric stress, and Bobyqa optimization greatly reduces electrical stress compared to other optimization techniques. Electric field ; Insulator (electricity) ; Corona (planetary geology) ; Corona discharge ; Transmission line ; Materials science ; Corona ring ; Electric power transmission ; Electrical engineering ; Computation ; Electronic engineering ; Computer science ; Optoelectronics ; Voltage ; Engineering ; Physics ; Algorithm High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation ; Thermal Analysis in Power Transmission
Authors: Et al. R.Kennady
Source: International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication (article, 2023-02-25)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Abrasion Analysis and CAE Simulation's Importance in Ultra-High Strength Steel Plate Die Wear Research The production of vehicles with low oil consumption and low emissions has become an inevitable choice for the development of the automobile industry, aiming to achieve energy-saving and emission-reduction goals. Super-high strength steel, known for its high strength and lightweight properties, is widely used in critical components such as car body structural members and safety reinforcements to meet the requirements of energy-saving and emission-reduction. However, die wear is a common failure in the manufacturing process, and it significantly affects the shape, size, and surface quality of the stamped workpieces. The study of die wear, specifically in the context of super-high strength steel, is of paramount importance. Abrasion (mechanical) ; Die (integrated circuit) ; Materials science ; Composite material ; Engineering ; Structural engineering ; Mechanical engineering ; Metallurgy Metal Alloys Wear and Properties ; Mechanical stress and fatigue analysis ; Advanced Surface Polishing Techniques
Authors: Reinaldo Corrêa Leite | Filipe Matheus do Rosário Menezes | Kalil Lucas da Silva Corrêa
Source: Revista Foco (article, 2023-05-25)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

ANALYSIS OF LEAKAGE CURRENT ON POLYMERIC INSULATOR UNDER RAINFOREST ENVIRONMENT This paper develops a Finite Element Model (FEM) for a 138 kV High Temperature Vulcanized (HTV) Silicone Rubber (SiR) transmission insulator in which, in a first step, leakage current is calculated for different non-uniform continuous and discontinuous pollution deposits and then features based on the phase shift between the leakage current and the applied voltage are extracted for each kind of pollution layer to identify the existence of dry bands on the insulator surface. A phase shift of 84.75° lag between the leakage current and applied voltage was found for a pollution layer with dry bands inserted. This results evidence that the phase angle can be used to detect the dry band formation by measuring the leakage current and its phase angle. Insulator (electricity) ; Silicone rubber ; Materials science ; Voltage ; Vulcanization ; Leakage (economics) ; Finite element method ; Composite material ; Natural rubber ; Environmental science ; Electrical engineering ; Structural engineering ; Engineering High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation
Authors: Jean Ndoumbe | Emeric Tchamdjio Nkouetcha | Jean Gabriel Ologo Emboueme
Source: International Journal of Research and Review (article, 2023-09-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

FEM Analysis of the Electric Field and Potential of Various Types of Insulators under Uniform Pollution This work aims to present an analysis of the behaviour of the electric field and the potential for three different types of insulators, the glass, the porcelain and the polymeric. Since pollution is an important factor for their insulation performance and reliability in high-voltage systems, it is essential to understand how a uniform pollution layer could influence the distribution of the field and the electric potential for each of these insulators. For this purpose, COMSOL Multiphysics was used to study these distributions in both clean and polluted conditions, using the finite element method. The results show that the uniform pollution layer reduces the distribution of the electric field of insulator. Keywords: COMSOL Multiphysics; electric field; finite element method; glass insulator; porcelain insulator; silicone insulator; uniform pollution Multiphysics ; Insulator (electricity) ; Finite element method ; Electric field ; Materials science ; Electric potential ; Pollution ; Voltage ; Environmental pollution ; High voltage ; Mechanical engineering ; Composite material ; Engineering physics ; Electrical engineering ; Environmental science ; Engineering ; Structural engineering ; Physics High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena
Authors: Zahraa Safaa Al-deen Mosa | Adnan Hamad Aubaid
Source: Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (article, 2023-09-20)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

The activity of some Agomirs and Antigomirs as non-small lung carcinoma suppressor <strong>Background:</strong> non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development, from tumor initiation to progression and metastasis play roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, migration, invasion, and metastatic colonization, as well as immunosuppression. <strong>Objective</strong>: To evaluate the agomirs ,sense antagomir, and anti-sense sequences of the most effective ncRNA as a therapeutic tools via gene silencing, due to regression of A549 lung epithelial cell line cell line . <strong>Methods:</strong> Three non coding RNA molecules were transfected into cell lines, two of them were micro RNAs(mircroRNA135a and mircroRNA34a) agomir molecules and one was long non coding RNA(Adenovirus-HOX Antisense Intergenic RNA) sense molecules, in addition to other two molecules of antagomir of same microRNAs and one antisense molecules represented HOTAIR. Cell viability utilizing XTT(2,3-Bis-(2-Methoxy-4-Nitro-5-Sulfophenyl)-2<em>H</em>Tetra- zolium-5-Carboxanilide)was detected. Transfection efficiency of ncRNAs was determined by Real Time qPCR, <strong>Results: </strong>Cell viability showed significant value with (mircroRNA135a and mircroRNA34a,HOTAIR) agomirs and sense molecule and antagomirs and antisense molecule of the same non coding RNA. WI38 cell line viability values were increased with all most agomirs and sense and sense transfection. Cell line images under inverted microscope showed a clear inhibition of cell line proliferation after transfection with antisense and antagomir molecule . Target gene expression inA549 cell line after molecule transfection showed insignificant upregulation of <em>TGF-ß </em>and <em>VEGF,</em> <em>TNF </em>and <em>SMAD </em>while high up regulating of <em>TP53,</em> <em>CASPASE8</em>and <em>IFNG</em> with antagomirs and antisense molecule. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The therapeutic mir34 index of transfection elevated A549 cell line regression and consider as promising program for lung carcinoma treatment. Suppressor ; Lung ; Medicine ; Cancer research ; Internal medicine ; Cancer Synthesis and biological activity ; Computational Drug Discovery Methods ; Cancer Research and Treatment
Authors: Fuyin Luo | Mingjie Liu | Yujie Zhao | Wenhui Shi | Chuanliang Li | Xiaohu He
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2023-08-07)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Ultra-broadband and wide-angle thin metamaterial solar absorber based on the square-disk array Abstract In this paper, an ultra-wideband solar absorber consisting of a four-layer structure of Al 2 O 3 -TiN-Al 2 O 3 -Ti is proposed. The proposed absorber achieves an average absorption of 97.85% in the wavelength range of 250–2000 nm (49.96% improvement over the reference planar structure), and its bandwidth of absorption over 90% is even as high as 1742 nm. As a result of the symmetrical design of the structure, the absorber has a polarization insensitivity as well as a wide-angle absorption characteristic. In particular, the absorber has a large process tolerance in the structural parameters and a high degree of universality for other metals and dielectric materials, which is highly advantageous in manufacturing. In addition, we explored the reasons for the high absorption of the structure in detail, discussed the influence of different structures on the absorption, and analyzed the absorption characteristics of the structure under the solar spectrum. The proposed structure provides a broader bandwidth and higher light absorption than the recently reported work and further reduces the structure's thickness. Therefore, the absorber will have broad application prospects in photothermal conversion, solar cells, imaging, and stealth. Materials science ; Metamaterial absorber ; Broadband ; Optoelectronics ; Optics ; Absorption (acoustics) ; Planar ; Metamaterial ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Dielectric ; Physics ; Composite material ; Computer science ; Chemistry Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies
Authors: Ganga H. Yadahalli | Gouri H. Sukali | T S Aishwarya | Gyanappa A Walikar
Source: Preprints.org (review, 2023-11-09)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

A Review on Plant Fungal Disease Detection based on RGB, Multispectral and Thermal Camera India ranks among the top ten nations in the world for grape production. Fungal pathogens inflict damage to crop plants in turn making cultivators bear huge economical losses. With an output of 1.21 million tons (about 2% of 57.40 million tons produced globally). 1.2% of the nation’s total fruit cropland is covered by grapes. But due to fungal diseases the effect of the yield produced ranges from 5-80% depending on the severity of diseases which will affect the yield of grape vineyard. In precision agriculture, new sensing technologies and artificial intelligence could be used to automatically identify grapevine and disease pest symptoms. Traditional manual disease-monitoring methods are inefficient, labor-intensive, and ineffective. Timely effective and precise evaluation of grape diseases is admitted as a critical step in the field management. In this paper, we are explaining about different optical sensing methods applied for RGB, Multispectral and Thermal cameras. Section-wise we will be describing environmental set up for image-aquation, data-preprocessing, different modelling methods, evaluation matrix, result, and reviewer’s comment. Multispectral image ; Vineyard ; Agricultural engineering ; Orthophoto ; Yield (engineering) ; Agriculture ; Blight ; Microclimate ; Computer science ; Environmental science ; Agroforestry ; Remote sensing ; Geography ; Horticulture ; Biology ; Engineering Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Smart Agriculture and AI ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
Authors: Samuel Martin Pradana | Tommy Yacob Hariandja | Sukma Yudistira | Siti Isma Sari Lubis
Source: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN DAN KELUARGA (article, 2023-06-29)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

The Influence of Different Structures of Single-Knit Fabric on the Comfort Properties of Clothes The purpose of this research is to determine the characteristics of variations in knitted structures on the comfort properties of materials in the form of porosity and moisture management properties in single knits fabrics. This research was carried out by varying the mesh structure in the form of all knit, knit knit – knit tuck, and variations of knit tuck – tuck knit, which then looked for the porosity value of the material using the image processing method of tresholding color map images by looking at the size of the empty space between materials. To see the properties of moisture management in single knit fabrics can be seen by looking at the value of air permeability, and the moisture management tester. From the experimental results, it was found that the porosity test results for structure 1 obtained a porosity value of 22.04%, for structure 2 it was 29.2% and for structure 3 it was 30.2%. where the test results show that the mesh structure with knit-knit tuck is the best mesh structure with an air permeability value of 735 cm3/cm2/s, and an OMMC value of 0.7447. Porosity ; Air permeability specific surface ; Materials science ; Fabric structure ; Composite material ; Clothing ; Permeability (electromagnetism) ; Moisture ; Yarn Textile materials and evaluations
Authors: Л. А. Ваймугин | К. С. Никонов | Л. В. Моисеева | М. Н. Бреховских
Source: Неорганические материалы (article, 2023-09-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Контент-анализ данных о термических свойствах фторидных и модифицированных фторидных стекол Using content analysis and the Python programming environment, we have found a number of general relationships determining the thermal properties of fluoride and modified fluoride glasses. Their compositions have been classified according to their glass transition temperature (Tg) and the difference between their crystallization onset temperature (Tx) and glass transition temperature: Tx – Tg. The use of Kauzmann’s rule for fluoride glasses, unmodified and modified with other halogens, has been shown to be more reliable if the Tg/Tm ratio is used, compared to the Tg/Tl ratio. We have qualitatively assessed how anion modification influences characteristic temperatures (glass transition temperature Tg, crystallization onset temperature Tx, crystallization peak temperature Tc, melting onset temperature Tm, and liquidus temperature Tl) and crystallization stability criteria (Hruby criterion K, Saad–Poulain criterion S, reduced thermal stability interval H, thermal stability interval Tx – Tg, and reduced glass transition temperatures Tg/Tm and Tg/Tl). Environmental science Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Thermal properties of materials ; Thermal and Kinetic Analysis
Authors: Tukhvatullin M.I.
Source: RUSSIAN ELECTRONIC SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

TYPES OF MODERNIZATION OF THE EXISTING MICROWAVE ELECTROTENOLOGICAL INSTALLATION FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THERMAL AND NON-THERAL MICROWAVE MODIFICATION OF MATERIALS The article considers options for implementing a hybrid microwave electrotechnological installation that combines thermal and non-thermal microwave modifications of dielectric and polymeric materials. As a result of the modernization of the existing microwave installation, it is possible to simultaneously carry out thermal and non-thermal microwave modifications, namely, microwave drying of lumber and microwave drying of up to seven different polymeric materials. The study is carried out within the framework of a grant in the form of subsidies in the field of science from the budget of the Republic of Bashkortostan for state support of young scientists - candidates of science (competition code - REC-GMU2022) Microwave ; Modernization theory ; Microwave heating ; Thermal ; Environmental science ; Process engineering ; Materials science ; Engineering ; Telecommunications ; Physics ; Political science ; Meteorology Material Properties and Applications ; Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Applications ; Advancements in Materials Engineering