jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Angela Candreva | Francesco Parisi | Giuseppe Di Maio | Francesca Scarpelli | Iolinda Aiello | Nicolas Godbert | Massimo La Deda
Source: Gold bulletin (article, 2022-08-08)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Post-synthesis heating, a key step to tune the LPR band of gold nanorods covered with CTAB or embedded in a silica shell Abstract The transitioning of nanotechnology from laboratory to industrial-scale manufacturing poses various challenges in nanoparticle realization. From this perspective, beside the conventional synthetic procedure, based on the seed-mediated growth approach, a reshaping thermal strategy has been investigated to improve the control on gold nanorods aspect ratio, with the aim to point out a potential and encouraging way to better manage the scalability and reproducibility of nanoparticles. For this purpose, nanorods covered with CTAB and nanorods enclosed within a silica shell of tuned thickness have been synthesized and submitted to a post-thermal treatment at various temperatures, up to 300 °C for CTAB recovered gold nanorods (AuNR@CTAB), and up to 500 °C for silica-shell embedded gold nanorods (AuNR@SiO 2 ). For AuNR@CTAB, through accurate temperature control, the longitudinal plasmonic band can be moved very close to the transversal one upon slight reduction of their length. Instead, for AuNR@SiO 2 , owing to the fully inorganic shell, a higher temperature of treatment can be reached leading to the possibility of reshaping the nanorods into spheres without the observation of any by-products. Nanorod ; Materials science ; Nanotechnology ; Shell (structure) ; Nanoparticle ; Chemical engineering ; Composite material Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications ; Nanocluster Synthesis and Applications ; Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
Authors: Amrita Mukherjee | Chinmayi Pednekar | Siddhant Sujit Kolke | Megha Kattimani | Subhiksha Duraisamy | Ananya Burli | Sudeep Gupta | Sanjeeva Srivastava
Source: Proteomes (review, 2022-04-29)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Insights on Proteomics-Driven Body Fluid-Based Biomarkers of Cervical Cancer Cervical cancer is one of the top malignancies in women around the globe, which still holds its place despite being preventable at early stages. Gynecological conditions, even maladies like cervical cancer, still experience scrutiny from society owing to prevalent taboo and invasive screening methods, especially in developing economies. Additionally, current diagnoses lack specificity and sensitivity, which prolong diagnosis until it is too late. Advances in omics-based technologies aid in discovering differential multi-omics profiles between healthy individuals and cancer patients, which could be utilized for the discovery of body fluid-based biomarkers. Body fluids are a promising potential alternative for early disease detection and counteracting the problems of invasiveness while also serving as a pool of potential biomarkers. In this review, we will provide details of the body fluids-based biomarkers that have been reported in cervical cancer. Here, we have presented our perspective on proteomics for global biomarker discovery by addressing several pertinent problems, including the challenges that are confronted in cervical cancer. Further, we also used bioinformatic methods to undertake a meta-analysis of significantly up-regulated biomolecular profiles in CVF from cervical cancer patients. Our analysis deciphered alterations in the biological pathways in CVF such as immune response, glycolytic processes, regulation of cell death, regulation of structural size, protein polymerization disease, and other pathways that can cumulatively contribute to cervical cancer malignancy. We believe, more extensive research on such biomarkers, will speed up the road to early identification and prevention of cervical cancer in the near future. Cervical cancer ; Proteomics ; Biomarker discovery ; Disease ; Cancer ; Medicine ; Biomarker ; Malignancy ; Cancer biomarkers ; Identification (biology) ; Bioinformatics ; Biology ; Pathology ; Internal medicine Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Authors: T. Horio | Kento Minamikawa | Tasuku Nishizato | Haruki Hashimoto | Kazuaki Matsumoto | Masashi Arakawa | Akira Terasaki
Source: Review of Scientific Instruments (article, 2022-08-01)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Photoelectron imaging of size-selected metal cluster anions in a quasi-continuous mode We present a novel high-repetition-rate photoelectron imaging (PEI) apparatus for exploring electronic structures of metal cluster anions. A continuous beam of mass-selected metal cluster anions, generated by a magnetron-sputtering cluster-ion source coupled with a quadrupole mass filter, is chopped into sub-megahertz ion bunches using a high-voltage pulser. The quasi-continuous anion beam is introduced into a PEI spectrometer, where the anions are photodetached using a 404 nm (3.07 eV) continuous-wave laser diode. As a demonstration, we acquire photoelectron images for size-selected Ag cluster anions, Ag<sub>N</sub> <sup>-</sup> (N = 3, 7, 14), and show that each image can be obtained in a short accumulation time (50 s) with a kinetic energy resolution (ΔE/E) of 4% at E = 1.77 eV. The quasi-continuous PEI technique enables high-count-rate, space-charge-free acquisition of photoelectron spectra and angular distributions not only from size-selected metal cluster anions but also from anions prepared by other continuous ion sources, such as electrospray ionization. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ; Materials science ; Ion ; Atomic physics ; Cluster (spacecraft) ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Mass spectrum ; Ionization ; Quadrupole mass analyzer ; Ion source ; Mass spectrometry ; Physics ; Chemistry ; Nuclear magnetic resonance Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Advanced Chemical Physics Studies
Authors: Helin Wang | William M. Postiglione | Vipul Chaturvedi | Evan L. Runnerstrom | Angela Cleri | Josh Nordlander | Jon‐Paul Maria | Chris Leighton
Source: APL Materials (article, 2022-12-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Electrolyte-gate-driven carrier density modulation and metal–insulator transition in semiconducting epitaxial CdO films CdO has drawn much recent interest as a high-room-temperature-mobility oxide semiconductor with exciting potential for mid-infrared photonics and plasmonics. Wide-range modulation of carrier density in CdO is of interest both for fundamental reasons (to explore transport mechanisms in single samples) and for applications (in tunable photonic devices). Here, we thus apply ion-gel-based electrolyte gating to ultrathin epitaxial CdO(001) films, using transport, x-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy to deduce a reversible electrostatic gate response from −4 to +2 V, followed by rapid film degradation at higher gate voltage. Further advancing the mechanistic understanding of electrolyte gating, these observations are explained in terms of low oxygen vacancy diffusivity and high acid etchability in CdO. Most importantly, the 6-V-wide reversible electrostatic gating window is shown to enable ten-fold modulation of the Hall electron density, a striking voltage-induced metal–insulator transition, and 15-fold variation of the electron mobility. Such modulations, which are limited only by unintentional doping levels in ultrathin films, are of exceptional interest for voltage-tunable devices. Materials science ; Optoelectronics ; Electrolyte ; Electron mobility ; Photonics ; Doping ; Semiconductor ; Gating ; Nanotechnology ; Electrode ; Chemistry ZnO doping and properties ; Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides ; Copper-based nanomaterials and applications
Authors: E. Venkata Ramana | N.V. Prasad | N.M. Ferreira | Aman Mahajan | Igor Bdikin | M.A. Valente | Fadl A. Essa | B. Saleh
Source: Surfaces and Interfaces (article, 2022-08-02)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Insights into improved ferroelectric and electrocaloric performance of Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9Zr0.1O3 thick films grown by the electrophoretic deposition Lead-free Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9Zr0.1O3 (BCZT) bulk ceramics have recently gained attention as one of the attractive candidates for electrocaloric cooling due to their large heat absorption capacity induced by electro-structural phase transition near room temperature. However, adiabatic temperature change (ΔT) at room temperature in ceramics has been limited by their relatively low dielectric breakdown strength. Thick films, in this respect, possess the advantages of ceramics (volume) and thin films (thickness). In this work, a systematic ferroelectric and electrocaloric investigation of BCZT thick films, fabricated by electrophoretic deposition combined with laser annealing, has been carried out. Laser annealing at an optimized energy density of 398 W/cm2 has resulted in densely packed grain morphology with no compositional heterogeneities. Analysis of the scaling behavior of dynamic hysteresis revealed that ferroelectric domain reversal in BCZT/Pt has good stability and low energy consumption in the saturation region. The present thick films exhibited larger breakdown strength of 294 kV/cm and recoverable energy storage density of ∼7.3 J/cm3, at least five-fold enhancement compared to the bulk which is stable up to a 4 mm bending radius. The indirect electrocaloric measurements displayed parameters such as a ΔT and entropy change (ΔS) of 2.94 K and 3.1 J kg−1 K−1 respectively, for 205 kV/cm which are more than two orders increased compared to the bulk. Higher values of ΔT (1.9 K) at 25 °C, refrigerant capacity of 249 J/kg, and responsivity of 0.143 K mm/kV for BCZT/Pt film compared to relevant lead-free ferroelectric thick films elucidate the potential use of these films for solid-state refrigeration applications. The work also presents electrophoretic deposition with laser annealing as an alternative technique to widely studied tape-casting of thick films for electrocaloric studies. Materials science ; Ferroelectricity ; Dielectric ; Annealing (glass) ; Electrocaloric effect ; Ceramic ; Pulsed laser deposition ; Pyroelectricity ; Hysteresis ; Composite material ; Thin film ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Condensed matter physics ; Optoelectronics ; Nanotechnology Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials ; Multiferroics and related materials ; Microwave Dielectric Ceramics Synthesis
Authors: Aline Klassen | Rafael Ferreira Fernandes | Débora Cristina de Oliveira | Maria Patrícia do Nascimento | Marcella Matos Cordeiro Borges | Marcone Augusto Leal de Oliveira | Leandro Augusto Calixto | Keyller Bastos Borges
Source: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (article, 2022-11-30)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Short-End Injection Capillary Electrophoresis and Multivariate Analysis for Simultaneous Determination of Heavy Metals in Passiflora incarnata Tea An ultra-fast method for the simultaneous determination of heavy metals in Passiflora incarnata tea by capillary electrophoresis (CE) using a short-end injection combined with multivariate analysis was proposed. Separation was conducted by hydrodynamic injection (5 s at 0.5 psi) using the short-end injection procedure in a fused uncoated silica capillary (50 cm total length, 10.2 cm effective length, 50 µm i.d.) with separation time less than 2 min. An indirect UV detection at 214 nm was employed by using imidazole as a chromophore. The buffer used was 6 mmol/L hydroxybutyric acid (HIBA). The optimum conditions by full factorial with a central point were achieved by 18-crown-6 concentration (23.3 mmol L−1), voltage (+11.4 kV), methanol concentration (3.8%), and temperature (20 °C). The method showed good linearity (R2 > 0.998) for both Cd and Pb, inter-day precision of less than 14.49%, and an adequate limit of quantification only for Cd (LOQ < 0.5 µg mL−1 for Cd) based on the US Pharmacopeial Convention limit requirements for elemental impurities. After method validation, the method was applied to Passiflora incarnata tea samples from a local market. Furthermore, the developed method showed great potential for the determination of metals in other samples with proper sample preparation procedures. Capillary electrophoresis ; Chromatography ; Multivariate analysis ; Heavy metals ; Multivariate statistics ; Chemistry ; Environmental chemistry ; Medicine ; Mathematics ; Internal medicine ; Statistics Heavy Metals in Plants ; Heavy metals in environment ; Electrochemical Analysis and Applications
Authors: Anita Roth‐Nebelsick
Source: Theory in Biosciences (article, 2022-03-28)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

How much biology is in the product? Role and relevance of biological evolution and function for bio-inspired design Bio-inspired design (BID) means the concept of transferring functional principles from biology to technology. The core idea driving BID-related work is that evolution has shaped functional attributes, which are termed "adaptations" in biology, to a high functional performance by relentless selective pressure. For current methods and tools, such as data bases, it is implicitly supposed that the considered biological models are adaptations and their functions already clarified. Often, however, the identification of adaptations and their functional features is a difficult task which is not yet accomplished for numerous biological structures, as happens to be the case also for various organismic features from which successful BID developments were derived. This appears to question the relevance of the much stressed importance of evolution for BID. While it is obviously possible to derive an attractive technical principle from an observed biological effect without knowing its original functionality, this kind of BID ("analog BID") has no further ties to biology. In contrast, a BID based on an adaptation and its function ("homolog BID") is deeply embedded in biology. It is suggested that a serious and honest clarification of the functional background of a biological structure is an essential first step in devising a BID project, to recognize possible problems and pitfalls as well as to evaluate the need for further biological analysis. Relevance (law) ; Function (biology) ; Identification (biology) ; Adaptation (eye) ; Computer science ; Philosophy of biology ; Biology ; Cognitive science ; Epistemology ; Evolutionary biology ; Neuroscience ; Psychology ; Ecology ; Philosophy of science Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition ; Design Education and Practice ; Cephalopods and Marine Biology
Authors: Ramona Massoud | Fatemehsadat Mirmohammadmakki | Seyed Fathollah MirMohammad Makki | Nargessadat Mirmohammadmakki | Armita Massoud
Source: Coffee Science (article, 2022-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Evaluation of heavy metals in Roasted Coffee powder in Iran and Turkey Nowadays coffee is a popular beverage around the world used in many food industries such as chocolate, dairy industry and also confectionery. Therefore, its quality required special attention. On the other hand, heavy metals have been attracted the attention in food products due to their toxicity and health risks in the food chain. Since coffee is a desirable widely used drink in the world for different age groups, this study aims to measure the concentration of heavy metals and some other elements in several brands of coffee powder from Iran and Turkey markets. After sample collection and preparation, heavy metals were measured using ICP-MS according to the AOAC method. The results showed that fortunately lead, cadmium, cobalt, silver, chromium, and mercury were not detected in any coffee samples. Also, it was observed that Nickel was only found in 3 samples, which was less than the standard limits. The pH of all samples was measured and the range was 5.03 to 6.32 in Iranian and Turkish samples. However, there was a lack of evidence in heavy metals amounts in coffee, this study reveals successful practical information in this field in Iranian and Turkish market but also according to the importance of this issue, further comprehensive studies is needed all over the world. Key words: Coffee; lead; cadmium; mercury; ICP-MS. Cadmium ; Mercury (programming language) ; Heavy metals ; Food chain ; Food science ; Turkish ; Food products ; Chemistry ; Environmental chemistry ; Environmental science ; Metallurgy ; Materials science Heavy Metals in Plants
Authors: Dan Guevarra | Lan Zhou | Matthias H. Richter | Aniketa Shinde | Di Chen | Carla P. Gomes | John M. Gregoire
Source: npj Computational Materials (article, 2022-04-05)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Materials structure–property factorization for identification of synergistic phase interactions in complex solar fuels photoanodes Abstract Properties can be tailored by tuning composition in high-order composition spaces. For spaces with complex phase behavior, modeling the properties as a function of composition and phase distribution remains a formidable challenge. We present materials structure–property factorization (MSPF) as an approach to automate modeling of such data and identify synergistic phase interactions. MSPF is an interpretable machine learning algorithm that couples phase mapping via Deep Reasoning Networks (DRNets) to matrix factorization-based modeling of the representative properties of each phase in a dataset. MSPF is demonstrated for Bi–Cu–V oxide photoanodes for solar fuel generation, which contains 25 different phase combinations and correspondingly exhibits complex composition-structure-photoactivity relationships. Comparing the measured photoactivity to a learned model for non-interacting phases, synergistic phase interactions are identified to guide further photoactivity optimization and understanding. MSPF identifies synergistic interactions of a BiVO 4 -like phase with both Cu 2 V 2 O 7 -like and CuV 2 O 6 -like phases, creating avenues for understanding complex photoelectrocatalysts. Phase (matter) ; Property (philosophy) ; Factorization ; Computer science ; Biological system ; Composition (language) ; Materials science ; Function (biology) ; Complex oxide ; Oxide ; Chemistry ; Algorithm Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques ; X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Authors: Phillip M. Maffettone | Stuart I. Campbell | Marcus D. Hanwell | S. B. Wilkins | Daniel Olds
Source: Cell Reports Physical Science (article, 2022-11-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Delivering real-time multi-modal materials analysis with enterprise beamlines Contemporary advancements in low-cost automation and computation, reduced barrier to entry in developing artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML), and increased ability to represent complex materials in digital form have led to a number of accelerated materials discovery platforms. However, many of these approaches operate with completely rigid vertical integration in an isolated feedback loop using limited modalities. In order to make a substantial impact on discovering new energy materials, AI-driven experiments must operate collaboratively with each other and researchers and over multiple measurement modalities. Herein, we describe the potential for an “internet of things” approach to self-driving enterprise beamlines that merges core information technologies, robotics, and multi-modal AI. The approach will enable full utility of light sources, collaborate effectively with other remote materials acceleration platforms, and help stride toward the world’s energy future. Automation ; Computer science ; Robotics ; Modalities ; Modal ; Artificial intelligence ; Data science ; Systems engineering ; Human–computer interaction ; Robot ; Engineering ; Mechanical engineering Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides ; Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials
Authors: Kewang Zheng | Zhifei Meng | Jingxian Li | Shuai Peng | Chaofan Huang | Wei Wang | Wei Li | Caiqin Qin
Source: Coatings (article, 2022-02-02)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

The Preparation and Characterization of a Cyanide-Free Brush-Plating Solution for Application in the Electric Power Industry In this paper, a bright and compact silver coating on a copper sheet was successfully prepared by a coating solution without cyanogen. The effects of cerium nitrate (Ce(NO3)3) content on the structures, physicochemical properties, and application of the coating were thoroughly discussed with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), mapping, X-ray diffraction (XRD) electrochemical workstation, and infrared thermometer. The results pointed out that the thickness of the silver coating could reach about 30 μm, with good adhesion to the copper substrate. Cerium nitrate was evenly distributed on the surface of the coating, which can effectively refine the crystal grains and enhance the corrosion resistance. When the dosage of cerium nitrate was 1.0 g/L, the crystal grains were decreased from 144 nm to 65 nm, and the corrosion voltage was increased from −0.238 V to −0.131 V, respectively. The silver plating layer showed the best corrosion resistance with the dosage of silver nitrate, sulfosalicylic acid, additive, cerium nitrate, ammonium acetate, polyethylene glycol 400, and the number of brush-plating operations were 10, 50, 55, 1, 10, 10 g/L, and 8 times, respectively. For application, the temperature of the transformer’s isolating switch could remarkably be decreased from 100 °C to 54 °C with brushing plating by the silver coating solution. Cerium ; Materials science ; Coating ; Plating (geology) ; Cerium nitrate ; Corrosion ; Scanning electron microscope ; Silver nitrate ; Nuclear chemistry ; Metallurgy ; Chemistry ; Composite material Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition ; Electrodeposition and Electroless Coatings ; ZnO doping and properties