jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Hong Liu | Chuansheng Wang
Source: Polymers (article, 2023-12-12)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Effects of Different Die Metals on the Performance and Friction and Wear of Composite Materials during the Extrusion Process Extrusion technology is widely utilized in the rubber processing industry, with the extruder serving as the core equipment. As mixed rubber enters the extruder, it undergoes conveyance and plasticization, ultimately forming specific shapes and dimensions upon extrusion. The extruder head is a crucial component, playing a key role in achieving the final product's required size and shape. Factors such as its structure, materials, and manufacturing processes significantly impact the efficiency, product quality, and sustainability of the extrusion process. However, prolonged operation leads to severe wear of the extruder head, adversely affecting rubber product quality. Additionally, extruder head processing poses challenges, with maintenance and repair being complex procedures. Therefore, exploring a wear-resistant, long-lasting metal material for the extruder head without compromising mixed rubber performance is essential. This study focuses on severely worn extruder head metal materials, comparing wear levels after friction with STELLITE 6 alloy, Hastelloy C-276 alloy, 38CrMoAlA, and tungsten carbide with composite rubber. Results show that compared to the NR/BR composite material after Hastelloy C-276 alloy friction, rubber Payne effect increased by 4.4% (38CrMoAl), 3.2% (STELLITE 6), and 4.6% (tungsten carbide). Similarly, rubber dispersion decreased by 9.4% (38CrMoAl), 4.7% (STELLITE 6), and 9.8% (tungsten carbide). Rolling resistance increased by 18.1% (38CrMoAl), 16% (STELLITE 6), and 23.4% (tungsten carbide). Friction coefficient increased by 3.5% (38CrMoAl), 2.8% (STELLITE 6), and 4.3% (tungsten carbide). Wear volume increased by 39.3% (38CrMoAl), 45.3% (STELLITE 6), and 48.9% (tungsten carbide). Specifically, using Hastelloy C-276 alloy as the extruder head metal material yields the best NR/BR composite material dispersion, highest ten times tear strength, excellent anti-wet skid resistance, and minimum rolling resistance. Conversely, using the other alloys results in varying reductions in the physical and mechanical properties of NR/BR composite materials. This research is crucial for improving rubber product quality and extending extruder head lifespan. Stellite ; Materials science ; Extrusion ; Plastics extrusion ; Tungsten carbide ; Metallurgy ; Natural rubber ; Alloy ; Composite number ; Composite material ; Carbide ; Die (integrated circuit) ; Tungsten Metal Alloys Wear and Properties ; Orthopaedic implants and arthroplasty ; Advanced materials and composites
Authors: Andrew R. McCluskey
Source: ChemRxiv (preprint, 2023-08-17)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

WITHDRAWN The use of mathematical transformations to reduce non-linear functions to linear problems, which can be tackled with analytical linear regression, is commonplace in the chemistry curriculum. The linearization procedure, however, assumes an incorrect statistical model for real experimental data; leading to biased estimates of regression parameters and should therefore not be used in formal data analysis. This fact is overlooked in many chemistry degrees, students do not yet have the mathematical knowledge to appreciate why linearization leads to bias when it is introduced. I hope that this commentary will start a discussion around the place of linearization in the chemistry curriculum, and more broadly around how mathematical and statistical training is currently provided to chemistry students. Linearization ; Curriculum ; Linear regression ; Linear model ; Chemistry ; Computer science ; Mathematics education ; Mathematics ; Nonlinear system ; Statistics ; Physics ; Sociology ; Pedagogy Various Chemistry Research Topics
Authors: Wenhui Bao | Jun Ai
Source: Particle & Particle Systems Characterization (article, 2023-05-24)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Study on Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using dsDNA as Template and Detection of GSH Abstract In this work, silver nanoparticles are synthesized using a simple and sensitive method by using double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA‐Ag NPs) as a template. The prepared dsDNA‐Ag NPs are characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The excitation wavelength of the prepared silver nanoparticles is 295 nm, the emission wavelength is 377 nm, the average particle size is 11.2 nm, and the dispersion is uniform with pleasurable stability. The nanomaterials are used as fluorescent probes to detect glutathione (GSH). After adding glutathione to the dsDNA‐Ag NPs fluorescent probes, the fluorescence of dsDNA‐Ag NPs is burst due to electron transfer and SAg bond generation, and the linear range of detection concentration is 0–90 m m with a detection limit of 0.37 m m . Fluorescence ; Detection limit ; Nanomaterials ; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ; Silver nanoparticle ; Nanoparticle ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Glutathione ; Fluorescence spectroscopy ; Spectroscopy ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Linear range ; Materials science ; Chemistry ; Particle size ; Nanotechnology ; Chemical engineering ; Chromatography ; Physical chemistry ; Optics ; Organic chemistry Nanocluster Synthesis and Applications ; Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques ; Advanced Nanomaterials in Catalysis
Authors: Qichen Song | Sorren Warkander | Samuel Huberman
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-11-08)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Probing carrier and phonon transport in semiconductors all at once through frequency-domain photo-reflectance Semiconductor devices favor high carrier mobility for reduced Joule heating and high thermal conductivity for rapid heat dissipation. The ability to accurately characterize the motion of charge carriers and heat carriers is necessary to improve the performance of electronic devices. However, the conventional approaches of measuring carrier mobility and thermal conductivity require separate and independent measurement techniques. These techniques often involve invasive probing, such as depositing thin metal films on the sample as Ohmic contacts for characterizing electrical transport or as optical transducers for characterizing thermal transport, which becomes more cumbersome as the geometry of the semiconductor devices becomes small and complicated. Here we demonstrate a non-contact frequency-domain pump-probe method that requires no sample pretreatment to simultaneously probe carrier and phonon transport. We find that the optical reflectance depends on both excess carriers and phonons in response to exposure to a modulated continuous-wave pump laser source. By modeling the ambipolar diffusion of photo-induced excess carriers, energy transfer between electrons and phonons, and phonon diffusion, we are able to extract temperature-dependent electrical and thermal transport coefficients in Si, Ge, SiGe and GaAs. The intrinsically weak perturbation from the continuous-wave pump laser avoids invoking the highly nonequilibrium transport regime that may arise when using a pulsed laser and allows for accurate assessment of electrical transport in actual devices. Our approach provides a convenient and accurate platform for the study of the charge transport and energy dissipation in semiconductors. Phonon ; Charge carrier ; Semiconductor ; Ambipolar diffusion ; Materials science ; Electron mobility ; Optoelectronics ; Joule heating ; Thermal conduction ; Ohmic contact ; Laser ; Thermal conductivity ; Optics ; Condensed matter physics ; Electron ; Nanotechnology ; Physics Thermal properties of materials ; Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices ; Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques
Authors: A. S. Makarov | G.V. Afonin | Р. А. Кончаков | J.C. Qiao | Alexander N. Vasiliev | Н. П. Кобелев | В. А. Хоник
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-05-26)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Defect-induced ordering and disordering in metallic glasses On the basis of shear modulus measurements on a Pt-based glass, we calculated temperature dependence of the defect concentration c using the Interstitialcy theory. This temperature dependence is compared with temperature dependence of the normalized full width at half maximum (FWHM) gamma of the first peak of the structure factor S(q) for the same glass available in the literature. It is found that above the glass transition temperature Tg linearly increases with c in the same way for both initial and relaxed (preannealed) samples providing the evidence of defect-induced disordering in the supercooled liquid region independent of glass thermal prehistory. For both states of the samples, the derivative d(gamma)/dc is close to unity. Below Tg, the interrelation between gamma and c is entirely different for initial and relaxed samples. In the former case, strong defect-induced ordering upon approaching Tg is observed while relaxed samples do not reveal any clear ordering/disordering. Possible reasons for these observations are discussed. To further investigate the relationship between the normalized FWHM and defect concentration, we performed molecular dynamic simulation of gamma(c)-dependence in a high-entropy FeNiCrCoCu model glass. It is found that gamma also linearly increases with c while the derivative d(gamma)/dc is again close to unity just as in the case of Pt-based glass. Supercooling ; Glass transition ; Materials science ; Full width at half maximum ; Condensed matter physics ; Amorphous metal ; Thermal ; Thermodynamics ; Physics ; Composite material ; Polymer Material Dynamics and Properties ; Metallic Glasses and Amorphous Alloys ; Theoretical and Computational Physics
Authors: Roxana Florentina Şufaru
Source: Revista Medico-Chirurgicala (article, 2023-12-30)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Tissue penetrability of nanoprticles loaded with Rhodamine B fluorescent marker using a trimodal administration approach Nanoparticles can incorporate a drug, as means of protection towards body physiological barriers, and release it in a controlled manner in a targeted tissue.This study aims to investigate the absorption of nanoparticles, loaded with Rhodamine B fluorescent marker, in different organs, by trimodal administration: endogastric, intraperitoneal and intravenous, for three days.Materials and methods: The extent of absorption of Rhodamine B dye in liver, gums, kidneys, ovaries and testes was determined using fluorescence microscopy in frozen sections on harvested organs from rats.The experiment required 24 adult male rats that were divided into four groups of six rats each.Group A was designated as the control group, while the other three groups, B, C and D, respectively, received Rhodamine -loaded nanoparticles for three consecutive days, at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg body weight.The methods of administration for the three study groups were as follows: endogastric for group B, intr aperitoneal for group C, and injection into the tail vein for group D. On the fourth day the a nimals were sacrificed, and organs were removed and preserved in paraformaldehyde containers, to be studied under an immunofluorescence microscope.A four-level scale was used to evaluate organ penetrability for the given nanosystems.Results: Intraperitoneally administrated nanocarriers, marked with Rhodamine B, showed the highest degree of absorption in liver in 83.3% of the rats, compared to the endogastric route, where the same level of a bsorption was in only 33.3% of the animals (p=0.050).Regarding the two parenteral tested pathways, the absorption level presented statistical differences among the intraperitoneal vs. intravenous groups, in gum (p=0.011),heart (p=0.004),kidney (p=0.050) and testicle (p=0.011),whereas there was no statistical difference in liver tissue (p=0.250).Conclusions: The parenteral routes of administration had statistically significant higher organ penetrabi lity, compared to the endogastric tube.Amongst the organs, liver had the most absorptive b ehavior due to its intrinsic metabolizing role, and there was no major difference between the intraperitoneal vs. intravenous injections. Rhodamine B ; Rhodamine ; Absorption (acoustics) ; Fluorescence ; Fluorescence microscope ; Immunofluorescence ; Chemistry ; Nanocarriers ; Paraformaldehyde ; Pharmacology ; Pathology ; Molecular biology ; Medicine ; Biology ; Biochemistry ; Immunology ; Materials science ; Drug ; Antibody Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Advanced Drug Delivery Systems ; Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
Authors: Fang Ren | Jiale Zhang | Tong Wu | Fudong Zhang | Zhengzheng Guo | Yanling Jin | Penggang Ren
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2023-07-10)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Bioinspired, Ultra-Light and Sandwich structured MXene-AgNWs/cellulose nanofiber porous film for excellent electromagnetic interference shielding with Joule Heating Performance Abstract With the rapid development and popularization of intelligent, portable, and wearable flexible electronic devices, urgently required a new generation electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials to manage the increasing serious radiation pollution. In this work, ultrathin, lightweight, and flexible porousfilms with reasonable strength were fabricated via vacuum filtered the cellulose nanofiber (CNF) dispersion on both sides of the MXene-AgNWs film and followed by a freeze-drying process. The prepared porous composite film presents to be a typical sandwich-structured with dense in surface and porous inside. This novel and unique structure endows the sandwich-structured porous film with greatly improved EMI performance to 67.5 from 40 dB, enhanced absorption coefficient from 0.1 to 0.4, and satisfactory mechanical properties compared to the conventional sandwich-structured films. Furthermore, the prepared films present the remarkable low-voltage-driven Joule heating performance. Therefore, ultrathin, lightweight, flexible, and versatile properties CNF-MXene-AgNWs composite porous film with an excellent EMI-shielding performance is hold great potential in the fields of aerospace, portable and wearable electronics. Materials science ; Composite material ; Electromagnetic shielding ; Electromagnetic interference ; Porosity ; Composite number ; EMI ; Joule heating ; Nanofiber ; Electronics ; Optoelectronics ; Nanotechnology ; Electrical engineering Electromagnetic wave absorption materials ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Antenna Design and Analysis
Source: Communications Chemistry (article, 2023-09-30)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Queer in Chem: Q&amp;A with Dr Jovan Dragelj Dr Jovan Dragelj completed his undergraduate and Master’s studies in chemistry in Belgrade, Serbia, after which he worked as a chemistry teacher and researcher at the University of Belgrade. In 2019, he earned his PhD in computational chemistry from Freie Universität Berlin and then pursued postdoctoral studies at Technische Universität Berlin. His research during this period spanned diverse areas, from non-covalent interactions to biocatalysis, with a major focus on studying cytochrome c oxidase and hydrogenase enzymes through multiscale modeling approaches. Queer ; Chemistry ; Psychology ; Psychoanalysis History and advancements in chemistry ; Science, Research, and Medicine
Authors: Amir Hossein Baghaie
Source: Iranian Journal Of Health Sciences (article, 2023-12-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Inorganic and Organic Zinc Sources and Piriformospora indica Fungus on Reducing the Risk of Cadmium and Lead Due to the Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Consumption Background and Purpose: Accumulation of heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons lower than the dangerous range can still threaten human health by entering the food chain. Therefore, this research investigated the effect of inorganic and organic Zinc (Zn) sources and Piriformospora indica (P. indica) fungus on reducing the risk of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) for humans due to lettuce consumption. Materials and Methods: This research was done as a factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS software, version 9.1. A total of 54 treatments were prepared consisting of organic and inorganic Zn fertilizers at the rates of 0, 20, and 40 kg Zn/ha in a Cd- and Pb-contaminated soil that was simultaneously polluted with crude oil (0%, 4%, and 8% w/w) under cultivation of lettuce inoculated with P. indica. After 4 months, the lettuce plant was harvested, and the Pb and Cd risk assessment was calculated according to the US Environmental Protection Agency formula. Results: Plant inoculation with P. indica significantly decreased the hazard quotient (HQ) factor by 11.4% (0.4 units) for consumers of the lettuce cultivated in the soil polluted with 8% w/w crude oil. Furthermore, using 40 kg/ha pure Zn from a Zn-EDTA source in the crude oil-polluted soil (4% w/w) significantly decreased the HQ factor by 14.3%. Conclusion: Plant inoculation with P. indica and inorganic and organic Zn sources significantly decreased the HQ factor. Although this decrease depends on the type of plant, the kind of pollution and the physicochemical characteristics of the soil should be investigated in separate studies. Lactuca ; Cadmium ; Zinc ; Fungus ; Ulva lactuca ; Consumption (sociology) ; Chemistry ; Biology ; Botany ; Horticulture ; Art Heavy Metals in Plants ; Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection ; Medicinal Plant Research
Authors: Maria Southall | Bianca Provost | Emily Skinner | Sean Browner | Molly Colgate | Paul Scott | Alison Winder | Basita Javeed | Allison Holloway | Sam Keltie | Luke Connal | Robert Riggleman | Claire Adjiman | Linda Broadbelt | Andrew Ferguson | Lashanda Korley | Anja Palmans | Patrick Stayton | Alfredo Alexander-Katz | Helena Azevedo | Jeremy Baumberg | Joao Cabral | Neil Champness | Paulette Clancy | Marc-Olivier Coppens | Graeme Day | Andrew Demello | Thomas Epps | C Frisbie | Xuefeng Guo | Kristi Kiick | Raju Kumar Gupta | Sarah Heilshorn | Arthi Jayaraman | Jodie Lutkenhaus | Heidi Mansour | Takashi Nakanishi | Mark Olson | Jon Parquette | Jeffrey Rimer | Brigitte Stadler | Doros Theodorou | Matthew Tirrell | Bernhardt Trout | Raymond Wong | Hong Kong | Jia Zhu
Source: Molecular Systems Design & Engineering (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Contents list Permissions Request permissions Contents list Mol. Syst. Des. Eng., 2023, 8, 411 DOI: 10.1039/D3ME90011H This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. You can use material from this article in other publications without requesting further permissions from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given. Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content. Acknowledgement ; Attribution ; Computer science ; Chromatin structure remodeling (RSC) complex ; Library science ; World Wide Web ; Computer security ; Psychology ; Chemistry ; Social psychology Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Diverse Scientific and Economic Studies ; Legal Cases and Commentary
Authors: Tianbi Zhang | T. Ben Britton
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-11-25)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

A simple, static and stage mounted direct electron detector based electron backscatter diffraction system To engineer the next generation of advanced materials we must understand their microstructure, and this requires microstructural characterization. This can be achieved through the collection of high contrast, data rich, and insightful microstructural maps. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) has emerged as a popular tool available within the scanning electron microscope (SEM), where maps are realized through the repeat capture and analysis of Kikuchi diffraction patterns. Typical commercial EBSD systems require large and sophisticated detectors that are mounted on the side of the SEM vacuum chamber which can be limiting in terms of widespread access to the technique. In this work, we present an alternative open-hardware solution based upon a compact EBSD system with a simple, static geometry that uses an off-the-shelf direct electron detector co-mounted with a sample. This simple stage is easy to manufacture and improves our knowledge of the diffraction geometry significantly. Microscope and detector control is achieved through software application programming interface (API) integration. After pattern capture, analysis of the diffraction patterns is performed using open-source analysis within AstroEBSD. To demonstrate the potential of this set up, we present two simple EBSD experiments using line scan and mapping. We hope that the present system can inspire simpler EBSD system design for widespread access to the EBSD technique and promote the use of open-source software and hardware in the workflow of EBSD experiments. Electron backscatter diffraction ; Detector ; Materials science ; Optics ; Diffraction ; Characterization (materials science) ; Software ; Computer science ; Scanning electron microscope ; Physics ; Nanotechnology Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques ; ZnO doping and properties ; Copper-based nanomaterials and applications
Authors: Arbeena Zaki Khan
Source: Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (article, 2023-07-19)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Critical Minerals: Current Perspectives This research paper examines the current<br> perspectives on critical minerals, which play a vital role<br> in various industries including technology, energy,<br> defense, and manufacturing. Critical minerals are<br> characterized by their economic and strategic<br> importance, as well as their potential supply chain<br> vulnerabilities. The paper provides an overview of<br> commonly recognized critical minerals and their<br> applications, highlighting the growing demand driven by<br> technological advancements, clean energy transitions,<br> and defense requirements. It explores the challenges and<br> vulnerabilities associated with the supply chain of<br> critical minerals, such as geographic concentration and<br> environmental impacts. The study also examines policy and regulatory approaches implemented by different<br> countries to secure critical mineral supply and discusses<br> innovative solutions including exploration of new<br> sources, recycling, and substitution. The economic and<br> market implications of critical minerals, including<br> supply disruptions and price volatility, are analyzed. The<br> research concludes with future outlook and<br> recommendations, emphasizing the need for diversifying<br> supply chains and implementing sustainable and<br> responsible management practices for critical minerals.<br> Overall, this paper provides valuable insights into the<br> current perspectives on critical minerals and their<br> implications for various industries and economies. Current (fluid) ; Geology ; Oceanography Clay minerals and soil interactions