jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Hanpeng Kou | Fuyuan Wang | Dayu Nie | Z. Y. Ning | Qiaoqiao Li | Jiangang Deng | Zhenbo Lan | Zhuolin Xu
Source: Coatings (article, 2023-09-22)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Effects of Bias Voltage and Target Current on Microstructure and Load Measurement Performance of ZnO Piezoelectric Coatings Applied to Bolt in Transformer Electrical accidents caused by bolt looseness in transformers have been frequently reported in recent years. The monitoring, and warning of, axial force as an indicator of looseness is one of the key issues affecting the operation and maintenance of transformers. Traditional ultrasonic testing and a patch-type ultrasonic method, using piezoelectric probes and coupling agents, showed poor repeatability and accuracy in detecting the bolt pre-tightening force, because of the uncertainty of the contact interface produced via manual operation. A permanent thin-film pressure sensor (PMTS), which provides accurate and in-situ stress detection, is more suitable for bolts, to reveal the pretightening force. The key is depositing a nano-zinc oxide (ZnO) piezoelectric film with an excellent measurement performance, which could be tuned using deposition parameters. This paper investigates the effects of the current and bias voltage on the crystal structure and performance of ZnO piezoelectric films. The results show that the crystallinity degree and resistance decrease with the increase in bias voltage, while the target current could increase the crystallinity. However, a high current also brings large particles in the coating surface, which greatly decrease the resistance. The cause is expected to be related to the ion energy, which could be affected by the bias voltage and current. The PMTS deposited with an optimized bias voltage and current revealed excellent measurement performance, and is expected to be applied to the bolt, to detect the pretightening force. Materials science ; Piezoelectricity ; Biasing ; Crystallinity ; Voltage ; Ultrasonic sensor ; Transformer ; Composite material ; Coating ; Optoelectronics ; DC bias ; Acoustics ; Electrical engineering ; Engineering High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Electrical Fault Detection and Protection ; Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors
Authors: Ziyang Li | Jiani Huang | Mayur Naik
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-04-10)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Scallop: A Language for Neurosymbolic Programming We present Scallop, a language which combines the benefits of deep learning and logical reasoning. Scallop enables users to write a wide range of neurosymbolic applications and train them in a data- and compute-efficient manner. It achieves these goals through three key features: 1) a flexible symbolic representation that is based on the relational data model; 2) a declarative logic programming language that is based on Datalog and supports recursion, aggregation, and negation; and 3) a framework for automatic and efficient differentiable reasoning that is based on the theory of provenance semirings. We evaluate Scallop on a suite of eight neurosymbolic applications from the literature. Our evaluation demonstrates that Scallop is capable of expressing algorithmic reasoning in diverse and challenging AI tasks, provides a succinct interface for machine learning programmers to integrate logical domain knowledge, and yields solutions that are comparable or superior to state-of-the-art models in terms of accuracy. Furthermore, Scallop's solutions outperform these models in aspects such as runtime and data efficiency, interpretability, and generalizability. Computer science ; Datalog ; Scallop ; Suite ; Artificial intelligence ; Interpretability ; Programming language ; Automated reasoning ; Inductive logic programming ; Representation (politics) ; Recursion (computer science) ; Theoretical computer science Machine Learning in Materials Science
Authors: Mansoor Farbod | Narges Saki | Ameneh Ahangarpour
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2023-03-17)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Investigation of size and morphology effects of MgO nanostructures on the properties of MgO/transformer oil-based nanofluids Abstract MgO nanoparticles and nanoflakes were prepared using sol-gel and hydrothermal methods and the effect of size and morphology of MgO nanostructures on the thermal conductivity and stability of the transformer oil-based nanofluid containing these nanostructures was investigated. The structural properties of the samples were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The results showed that the nanostructure’s shape depends on the fabrication method, pH, temperature, and synthesis time. Also, the measurements showed that the thermal conductivity of nanofluids containing MgO nanoflakes with different wt.% has higher values than that of nanofluids containing MgO nanoparticles. It was found that by increasing the concentration of nano additives up to 1 wt.%, the thermal conductivity increased and then decreased for higher concentrations. The maximum increase of 11.3% was measured for nanofluid containing 1 wt.% of nanoflakes. Likewise, the stability of nanoflake’s nanofluid was observed to be higher. Nanofluid ; Materials science ; Hydrothermal circulation ; Nanostructure ; Chemical engineering ; Nanoparticle ; Thermal conductivity ; Thermal stability ; Scanning electron microscope ; Transformer oil ; Conductivity ; Nanotechnology ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Composite material ; Transformer ; Chemistry ; Chromatography ; Physical chemistry Magnesium Oxide Properties and Applications ; Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena
Authors: Makhmar Nuraliyeva Said Hasanov Said Hasanov
Source: PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre (article, 2023-04-19)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

ANALYSIS OF THE CONDITION OF METROLOGICAL SUPPORT IN THE FIELD OF NANOTECHNOLOGY In the modern world, the most important task for the development of the nano industry is the formation of the infrastructure of the nano industry corresponding to its modern level in economically developed countries. One of the indicators of such infrastructure is the level of its metrological support. This article analyzes the use of a modern instrumental base of high-precision measuring devices in nanotechnology, including the use of metrologically ensured in operation measuring instruments. The modern fundamentals of the technical support of nanometrology are outlined, and special attention is paid to the main metrological operations - verification and calibration. The issues of instability, accuracy, and uncertainty of nano measurements are described. Analysis and monitoring of measurement needs and measurement capabilities for the purpose of metrological support of nanoproducts are very relevant at the present time. Keywords: nanometrology, accuracy, metrological assurance, traceability, measuring instruments. Nanometrology ; Metrology ; Traceability ; Systems engineering ; Field (mathematics) ; Engineering ; Computer science ; Manufacturing engineering ; Nanotechnology ; Risk analysis (engineering) ; Materials science ; Business ; Software engineering ; Physics ; Optics Material Properties and Applications
Authors: L. Imhoff | M. B. Di Marco | S. Barolin | M. Rengifo | Myriam H. Aguirre | M. G. Stachiotti
Source: Conicet (preprint, 2023-11-10)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Sol-gel synthesis and multiferroic properties of pyrochlore-free Pb(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 thin films Lead iron niobate (PbFe0.5Nb0.5O3 - PFN) thin films were synthesized by a modified sol-gel route, which offers the advantage of a rapid, simple and non-toxic reaction method. Polycrystalline perovskite-structured PFN thin films without pyrochlore phases were obtained on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates after sintering by rapid thermal annealing at 650 °C. TEM and AFM images confirmed the excellent quality of the sintered film, while EDS spectroscopy revealed the presence of oxygen vacancies near the film/substrate interface. Electric measurements show good dielectric properties and ferroelectric behavior, characterized by typical C-V curves and well-defined P-E ferroelectric loops at 1 kHz, with remanent polarization values of ~12 uC/cm2. The polarization, however, increases with decreasing frequency, indicating the presence of leakage currents. I-V measurements show a significant increase in DC-conduction at relatively low fields (around 100 kV/cm). The films display ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature, with magnetic remanence around 30 emu/cm3 and a coercive field of 1 kOe. These values are significantly higher than those obtained for PFN powders fabricated by the same sol-gel route, as well as the magnetization values reported in the literature for epitaxial films. Materials science ; Pyrochlore ; Ferroelectricity ; Coercivity ; Thin film ; Remanence ; Multiferroics ; Crystallite ; Magnetization ; Annealing (glass) ; Dielectric ; Sol-gel ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Condensed matter physics ; Optoelectronics ; Composite material ; Nanotechnology ; Magnetic field ; Metallurgy ; Chemistry Multiferroics and related materials ; Dielectric properties of ceramics ; Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials
Authors: Doruk Aksoy | Huolin L. Xin | Timothy J. Rupert | William J. Bowman
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-12-15)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Human Perception-Inspired Grain Segmentation Refinement Using Conditional Random Fields Automated detection of grain boundaries (GBs) in electron microscope images of polycrystalline materials could help accelerate the nanoscale characterization of myriad engineering materials and novel materials under scientific research. Accurate segmentation of interconnected line networks, such as GBs in polycrystalline material microstructures, poses a significant challenge due to the fragmented masks produced by conventional computer vision (CV) algorithms, including convolutional neural networks. These algorithms struggle with thin masks, often necessitating post-processing for effective contour closure and continuity. Previous approaches in this domain have typically relied on custom post-processing techniques that are problem-specific and heavily dependent on the quality of the mask obtained from a CV algorithm. Addressing this issue, this paper introduces a fast, high-fidelity post-processing technique that is universally applicable to segmentation masks of interconnected line networks. Leveraging domain knowledge about grain boundary connectivity, this method employs conditional random fields and perceptual grouping rules to refine segmentation masks of any image with a discernible grain structure. This approach significantly enhances segmentation mask accuracy by correctly reconstructing fragmented GBs in electron microscopy images of a polycrystalline oxide. The refinement improves the statistical representation of the microstructure, reflected by a 51 % improvement in a grain alignment metric that provides a more physically meaningful assessment of complex microstructures than conventional metrics. This method enables rapid and accurate characterization, facilitating an unprecedented level of data analysis and improving the understanding of GB networks, making it suitable for a range of disciplines where precise segmentation of interconnected line networks is essential. Segmentation ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Conditional random field ; Metric (unit) ; Convolutional neural network ; Representation (politics) ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Image segmentation ; Scale-space segmentation ; Artificial neural network ; Computer vision ; Machine learning ; Algorithm ; Engineering Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques ; Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection ; Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging
Authors: Marvellous Ajala | Blessing I. Oko | David Oba-Fidelis | Joycelyn Iyasele | Joy Ifunanya Odimegwu
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-05-09)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Classification of Microscopical Starch Images for Drug Formulation Starches are important energy sources found in plants with many uses in the pharmaceutical industry such as binders, disintegrants, bulking agents in drugs and thus require very careful physicochemical analysis for proper identification and verification which includes microscopy. In this work, we applied artificial intelligence techniques (using transfer learning and deep convolution neural network CNNs to microscopical images obtained from 9 starch samples of different botanical sources. Our approach obtained an accuracy of 61% when the machine learning model was pretrained on microscopic images from MicroNet dataset. However the accuracy jumped to 81% for model pretrained on random day to day images obtained from Imagenet dataset. The model pretrained on the imagenet dataset also showed a better precision, recall and f1 score than that pretrained on the imagenet dataset. Artificial intelligence ; Computer science ; Convolutional neural network ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Transfer of learning ; Artificial neural network ; Deep learning ; Identification (biology) ; Random forest ; Convolution (computer science) ; Machine learning ; Biology ; Botany Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; AI in cancer detection ; Cell Image Analysis Techniques
Authors: T Andritsch | See Ketsamee | H Anis | M Ansari | See Arun | Ram Prasath | S Brettschneider | See Jayasree | T-Dei Aug | W He | Y Feng | S Wu | W Wang | X He | J See Xia | Y He | Z See Xing | F Wang | G Du | L Pan | K Wang | D Kong | X Zhang | Z He | A Henke | S Frei | O Hestad | T Ve | V Hiremath | R Muduli | P Kale | J Holto | T See Aakre | J Hu | X Yang | M Wei | W Meng | Z Wang | H Deng | Z Song | T Zhu | Z Xiang | X Jiang | X Hu | H See Cong | Y Hu | L Chen | Y Liu | Y Xu | X Hua | L Wang | S Yang | H Mu | L Jin | Y Ji | J Zhan | X Shao | G Zhang | X Huang | D Zhang | Y Huang | T See Wen | Z Huang | J Zhang | S Hvidsten | M Li | Z Ma | J Xia | C Zhang | L Zhao | K He | Q Wang | L Cheng | X Bian | Q Li | Y Zhou | B Du | X Kong | S Li | L Ouyang | X Chen
Source: IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation (article, 2023-12-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

2023 Index IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 30 Dielectric ; Index (typography) ; Materials science ; Electrical engineering ; Engineering physics ; Environmental science ; Composite material ; Electronic engineering ; Optoelectronics ; Computer science ; Engineering ; World Wide Web High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Engineering Applied Research
Authors: Yan Xie | Tang Cheng | Mu Li | Jing Liu
Source: International Journal of Circuits Systems and Signal Processing (article, 2023-12-31)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Development of Corona Prevention Coatings for 750kV Substation in Operation A single acrylic resin has poor conductivity and toughness, but strong hydrophilicity, which limits its application in high-voltage transmission corona prevention. In response to this issue, this article investigates the preparation of four types of acrylic composite conductive coatings with different additions of carbon fiber powder, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and nano titanium dioxide. Through experimental testing, compare and analyze the effects of various fillers on the mechanical properties, conductivity, hydrophobicity, and heat resistance of acrylic composite conductive coatings. The experimental results show that the acrylic conductive coating prepared with thermoplastic acrylic resin as the matrix, carbon fiber powder and multi-walled carbon nanotubes as conductive fillers, and nano titanium dioxide as a self-cleaning agent has excellent performance characteristics in all aspects, and is suitable for corona prevention in ultra-high voltage transmission. This acrylic composite coating can be used to repair burrs and scratches on the surface of transmission lines, fill gaps in stranded wires, and achieve the goal of reducing the local electric field of high-voltage transmission lines to prevent wire corona. Corona (planetary geology) ; Materials science ; Corona discharge ; Forensic engineering ; Environmental science ; Business ; Engineering ; Electrical engineering ; Physics ; Astrobiology ; Voltage High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Aerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation ; Electromagnetic wave absorption materials
Authors: Savvas Petridis | Michael Terry | Carrie J. Cai
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-10-24)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

PromptInfuser: How Tightly Coupling AI and UI Design Impacts Designers' Workflows Prototyping AI applications is notoriously difficult. While large language model (LLM) prompting has dramatically lowered the barriers to AI prototyping, designers are still prototyping AI functionality and UI separately. We investigate how coupling prompt and UI design affects designers' workflows. Grounding this research, we developed PromptInfuser, a Figma plugin that enables users to create semi-functional mockups, by connecting UI elements to the inputs and outputs of prompts. In a study with 14 designers, we compare PromptInfuser to designers' current AI-prototyping workflow. PromptInfuser was perceived to be significantly more useful for communicating product ideas, more capable of producing prototypes that realistically represent the envisioned artifact, more efficient for prototyping, and more helpful for anticipating UI issues and technical constraints. PromptInfuser encouraged iteration over prompt and UI together, which helped designers identify UI and prompt incompatibilities and reflect upon their total solution. Together, these findings inform future systems for prototyping AI applications. Workflow ; Artifact (error) ; Computer science ; Rapid prototyping ; Plug-in ; Software engineering ; Human–computer interaction ; Systems engineering ; Programming language ; Engineering ; Database ; Artificial intelligence Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Ethics and Social Impacts of AI ; Software Engineering Research
Authors: Hassan Ahmed Al-Jubouri Suha | Hassan Ahmed Mohamed
Source:  (article, 2023-12-15)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Preparation and Characterization the Complexes of Dithiocarbamide Derived from Amino Acids and Evaluation of Their Biological Activity This resaerch includes the preparation and characterization of a number of dithiocarbamate complexes of amino acids (tyrosine, and tryptophan) with a number of transitional elements Ni (II) and non-transitional elements Zn (II), Hg (II). The dithiocarbamate complexes were prepared directly in one container due to the difficulty of obtaining the ligands in a solid form. The complexes with the following general formulas were prepared: 1.Complexes with the formula [M(Tyrodtc)2], where M= Ni(II), Zn(II) ratio (metal: ligand) (2:1). 2. Complexes with the formula [M(Tryptodtc)2] where M= Zn(II), Hg(II) ratio (metal: ligand) (2:1). The structural formulas of the prepared complexes have been verified by some physical methods such as molar conductivity, magnetic sensitivity measurements, electronic spectra and infrared spectra. (1H, 13C) NMR. These measurements of the tetracoordinated complexes indicated that they take a square planar shape around the Ni(II) metal ion, and a tetrahedral shape around the Zn(II)], Hg(II) metal ions Dithiocarbamate ; Chemistry ; Ligand (biochemistry) ; Metal ; Molar conductivity ; Metal ions in aqueous solution ; Inorganic chemistry ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Tetrahedral molecular geometry ; Crystallography ; Ion ; Organic chemistry Organometallic Compounds Synthesis and Characterization ; Metal complexes synthesis and properties ; Synthesis and biological activity
Authors: Roya Maghamifar | Seddigheh Sheikhi‐Mohammareh | Ali Shiri | Hamid Beyzaei | Zahra Ebrahimnezhad
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2023-02-08)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Synthesis and antimicrobial/antioxidant evaluation of novel pyrimidine-based derivatives with pendant pyrazoles using vinamidinum salts Abstract Synthesis of a variety of 5-bromo-4-methyl-2-substituted pyrimidines endowed with pyrazolyl appended in C 4 position is described via treatment of 5-bromo-4-hydrazineyl-6-methyl-2-substituted pyrimidines (6a–f) and vinamidinum salt of ( E )- N -(3-(dimethylamino)-2-phenylallylidene)- N -methylmethanaminium perchlorate (5) in good to excellent yields. The inhibitory and hydrogen-atom donating abilities of the synthesized products were assessed against nine pathogens including six bacterial strains (both Gram-negative and Gram-positive), three fungal strains and DPPH free radicals. Notable antioxidant properties were not observed with the products. The inhibition zone diameters were determined in the range of 10.51–18.44 mm via Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. 5-Bromo-4-methyl-6-pyrazolylpyrimidine ( 7e) containing 2-(4-methylpiperazin) substituent showed the best antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. It was effective on all the tested microbial strains except Staphylococcus epidermidis . All the synthesized pyrazolyl pyrimidines, especially ( 7e) can be used to disinfect the environment and treat infectious diseases. Antimicrobial ; Chemistry ; DPPH ; Substituent ; Antioxidant ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; Radical ; Pyrimidine ; Organic chemistry ; Medicinal chemistry ; Nuclear chemistry ; Stereochemistry ; Bacteria ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Biology Synthesis and biological activity ; Multicomponent Synthesis of Heterocycles ; Phenothiazines and Benzothiazines Synthesis and Activities
Authors: Maysaa Hamid Ahmed | Asmaa Obaid Ismeel
Source:  (article, 2023-12-15)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Using Silver Nanoparticles to Increase Some Glycosidic Compounds of Stevia Rebaudiana in Vitro This experiment was objected to increase some Glycosides active compounds production in Stevia rebaudiana seedlings through plant seeds treatment with different concentrations of silver nanoparticles that diagnosed and characterized using AFM technique. This research was implemented at plant tissue culture laboratory of College of biotechnology - Al Nahrain University, throughout the period of 2022 and 2023. The experiment designed factorial within CRD using three expermentse and ten replicates. Sodium hypochlorite concentration (S1, S2, S3, S4) (0.0, 1, 2, 3%) represented the first experment, treatment duration time (T1, T2, T3) (5, 10, 15min) represented experiment 2, silver nanoparticles concentrations (C1, C2, C3, C4) (0, 10, 20, 30 mg.l-1) in MS media, represented experiment 3. Results showed that the contamination rate of the selected S. rebaudiana explant reduced and registered at at 10 and 15min in 3% sodium hypochlorite. The results also showed that there were a significant increase in the shoots numbers in 30 mg.l-1 AgNPs that reach the highest in terms of shoots numbers, the significant increasing of shoot length within the10 mg.l-1 enrolment 14.5cm then decreased in both concentrations 20, 30 mg.l-1 , seedlings dry weight significantly raised up to 20 mg.l-1 , while the seedlings dry weight also significantly droped in 30 mg.l-1 AgNPs., all the analyzed Glycosides compounds using HPLC device as Rubsoside , Dulcoside ,Stevioside concentrations were significantly increased in 20 and 30 mg.l-1 AgNPs, in comparsion to the control Stevia rebaudiana ; Stevioside ; Shoot ; Sodium hypochlorite ; Glycoside ; Chemistry ; Horticulture ; Explant culture ; Silver nanoparticle ; Dry weight ; Factorial experiment ; Food science ; Botany ; In vitro ; Nanoparticle ; Biology ; Stereochemistry ; Mathematics ; Biochemistry ; Nanotechnology ; Materials science ; Organic chemistry Coconut Research and Applications ; Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques ; Advances in Cucurbitaceae Research