jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Anand Choudhary | Arjun Lal Yadav | Shipra Sharma | Dama Ram
Source: Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems (article, 2026-01-07)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Sustainable management of Alternaria leaf blight in isabgol (Plantago ovata) using chitosan, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and salicylic acid Introduction Alternaria leaf blight, caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, is one of the most destructive diseases of isabgol ( Plantago ovata Forsk). Conventional fungicide-based control raises environmental concerns and threatens long-term sustainability. Therefore, eco-friendly plant defense activators offer potential alternatives for sustainable disease management and food security. Methods This study assessed the efficacy of chitosan, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and salicylic acid (SA) under both laboratory and field conditions. In vitro assays were carried out to evaluate mycelial inhibition, while field trials were performed during two consecutive Rabi seasons (2022–2023 and 2023–2024) under a randomized block design (RBD) at Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, India. Treatments involved seed priming and foliar application at various concentrations. Results In vitro , salicylic acid (200 ppm) and chitosan (150 ppm) exhibited the highest pathogen inhibition (67.14 and 62.60%, respectively), followed by MWCNTs (45.45% at 150 ppm). Field evaluations revealed that chitosan (100 ppm, seed treatment + foliar spray) significantly reduced disease severity (51.30%) and improved yield (805.29 kg/ha). Salicylic acid at 200 ppm provided the greatest overall benefit, with 55.60% disease control and the highest yield (837.06 kg/ha). The least effective treatment reduced disease by only 10.87% with a yield of 665.69 kg/ha. Conclusion This study supports sustainable agriculture by integrating eco-friendly defense activators that reduce chemical fungicide dependence. Considering the Asia-Pacific context, such low-input, resource-efficient approaches can enhance smallholder resilience in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Salicylic acid ; Blight ; Fungicide ; Randomized block design ; Disease management ; Yield (engineering) ; Crop yield ; Seed treatment Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging ; Fungal Plant Pathogen Control ; Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
Authors: Iskander Jellid | Rawdha Kessentini | Olga Klinkova | Imad Tawfiq | Anas Bouguecha | Mohamed Haddar
Source: Polymer Composites (article, 2026-02-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Micromechanical Modeling‐Guided Genetic Algorithm Optimization of Alfa‐Fiber/Polypropylene Biocomposites Toward a Glass‐Fiber Stiffness Benchmark ABSTRACT Alfa fiber–reinforced polypropylene (PP) biocomposites were developed as recyclable, lower‐density alternatives to polypropylene containing 30 wt% glass fiber (PP–GF30), addressing weakly validated links between fiber fraction, retained aspect ratio and interfacial coupling that often constrain formulation design. A compact design‐of‐experiments (DOE)–physics–optimization workflow was implemented to deliver a formulation‐explicit route to glass‐fiber‐class stiffness. Materials were melt‐compounded and injection‐molded using a Taguchi L9 plan varying Alfa content (5–30 wt%), maleic‐anhydride‐grafted polypropylene (MAPP) compatibiliser (0–8 wt%) and nominal fiber length (1–5 mm), and tensile properties were measured (ISO 527‐2). Stiffness was governed primarily by fiber volume fraction and retained aspect ratio, strength increased with MAPP‐enhanced load transfer, and ductility decreased with fiber loading but was partly preserved at intermediate MAPP levels. Physics‐informed micromechanical surrogates reproduced experimental means with ~1.1% mean absolute error for Young's modulus, ≤ 2.4% for ultimate tensile strength at higher fiber levels and ≤ 10.1% for elongation at break, enabling constrained genetic algorithm optimization in an extended formulation space beyond the Taguchi levels. The optimum candidate (44.1 wt% Alfa, 3.0 wt% MAPP, 5.0 mm nominal fiber length) achieved 7.0 GPa modulus, 59.9 MPa strength and 1.99% elongation at break at 1.059 g cm −3 , matching PP–GF30 stiffness with a 5.4% density reduction. Ultimate tensile strength ; Polypropylene ; Stiffness ; Taguchi methods ; Fiber ; Ductility (Earth science) ; Volume fraction ; Composite number Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Composite Material Mechanics ; Polymer crystallization and properties
Authors: Beate Fichtner | Katharina Groß
Source: Chemistry Education Research and Practice (article, 2026-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Analyzing graph usage in chemistry textbooks and its implications for learning and teaching Graphs play a central role in chemistry education, serving as powerful tools for visualizing abstract concepts. However, their high information density and abstract nature can overwhelm students, often resulting in learning difficulties. Developing graph competence is therefore essential. While research on graph use and comprehension is well established in science education, investigations specific to chemistry remain limited. This study addresses this gap by systematically analyzing the use of graphs in eight German middle and secondary school chemistry textbooks, identifying and examining 3550 visual representations to provide a more precise understanding of graph use in chemistry and its implications for learning and teaching. The analysis quantified and compared the prevalence and distribution of graphs and realistic pictures across content areas and educational levels. Focusing on line graphs, we also analyzed how graph-related textbook tasks engage students in cognitive processes at varying levels of complexity. Our findings reveal not only the variety of graph types in chemistry textbooks but also distinct differences in the cognitive demands placed on students across educational levels and school types. Furthermore, they highlight domain-specific characteristics of graphs in chemistry and suggest challenges that students are likely to encounter when engaging with them. By identifying these patterns, the study extends previous research on graph use through its focused chemistry education context and provides actionable insights for improving textbook design and instructional strategies. Finally, this work lays the groundwork for future research into students’ actual graph competence and graph-related difficulties. Graph ; Chemistry education ; Visualization ; Concept learning ; Graph theory Various Chemistry Research Topics ; Science Education and Pedagogy ; Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research
Authors: Ian S. Dunn | Matthew M. Lawler | Leah Fagundes | Milto Simoes | April Mangold | Derek A. Rinaldi | Lenora B. Rose | James T. Kurnick
Source: Frontiers in Immunology (article, 2026-01-12)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

An antibody uniquely binding short 2′-O-methyl RNA oligonucleotide duplexes: formation and recognition of target duplexes on cell surfaces With the primary aim of generating antibody tools useful for diagnostic and therapeutic applications relevant to oligonucleotide-templated reactions, an scFv filamentous phage library was screened using a specific 2'-O-methyl RNA template:oligonucleotide click reaction complex as the target structure. Such an antibody would not be expected to recognize any naturally occurring biological molecules. Two promising candidate scFv clones were converted into human IgG1 antibodies for further characterization. Surprisingly, although the best antibody (IgG1-DS5) was bound to the original selection complex, its recognition preference was shown to be directed toward short 2'-O-methyl RNA duplexes without click modifications. The IgG1-DS5 antibody showed no binding to the separate single strands comprising the recognized duplex, nor to the corresponding duplexes with RNA or DNA template strands. Versions of the target 2'-O-methyl RNA duplex with divergent sequences were also not recognized by IgG1-DS5. The unexpected binding properties of the IgG1-DS5 antibody were directed toward potential applications based on the molecular proximity of tethered single strands. Initially, SKBr3 cells were coated with biotins by means of surface azide metabolic labeling with peracetylated N-azidoacetylmannosamine, followed by treatment with a click-reactive DBCO-PEG4-biotin compound. Subsequent cell treatment with the tetravalent biotin-binding protein neutravidin (NAV), carrying subsaturating levels of biotinylated 2'-O-methyl RNA target duplexes, showed strong IgG1-DS5 staining on cell surfaces. These observations were extended with biotinylated anti-EGFR antibody linked with biotinylated 2'-O-methyl RNA single strands, also by means of the NAV protein as an adaptor. Flow cytometry analysis showed that DS5 antibody binding was only obtained when combinations of separate preparations of antibodies carrying top and bottom target strands were applied sequentially to EGFR-positive cells. These results show that proximity-based surface annealing of the IgG1-DS5 antibody target single strands can act to define cell populations with a surface marker of sufficient density. Where IgG1-DS5 is derivatized with either a fluorescent moiety or a cytotoxic drug, this antibody may find application in diagnostic or therapeutic tumor targeting. Biotinylation ; RNA ; Antibody ; Oligonucleotide ; DNA ; Cell ; Phage display ; Flow cytometry Click Chemistry and Applications ; Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research ; Advanced Biosensing Techniques and Applications
Authors: Cristian Sandoval-Vásquez | Isabella Cárcamo | Paula Lagos | A. Viñals Muñoz | Francisco Zavala | Valentina Colil | Francisca Villagrán-Silva | Edgar VÁSQUEZ-CARRASCO | Jordan Hernández-Martínez | Pablo Valdés-Badilla | F. Torrens | Paola Fincheira | Paulina Sepúlveda
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology (article, 2026-01-05)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Effectiveness of drug-loaded poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic-acid) nanoparticles in the in vitro treatment of breast cancer: a systematic review https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251076570. In vitro ; Breast cancer ; Nanoparticle ; Clinical trial Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Advanced Drug Delivery Systems ; Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications
Authors: Mariana Trassi Da Cunha | Isaac Machado Bruschi | Edenir Rodrigues Pereira-Filho | Fabiola Manhas Verbi Pereira
Source: Eclética Química (article, 2026-03-23)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

X-ray fluorescence and digital imaging: inspiring students with chemistry and creative technology This study explores innovative ways to enhance chemistry education by leveraging smartphone applications and advanced techniques like digital imaging and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. Students analyze coins of varying colors to link visible differences to their chemical compositions. Images are captured, analyzed, and converted into ten-color scale matrices, enabling students to explore color variations beyond the naked eye's perception. XRF spectroscopy, a non-destructive and rapid method, identifies elemental composition, ensuring safe and practical analysis. The activity emphasizes critical skills such as data organization, modern analysis methods, and elemental identification, which are essential in today’s digital age. Designed for senior students, it fosters curiosity about chemistry by demonstrating its everyday relevance. Students learn how Digital Imaging (DI) and chemometric techniques reveal chemical distinctions, with XRF showcasing how specific elements drive color diversity. This hands-on, creative approach highlights the role of technology in education, inspiring deeper engagement and appreciation for chemistry. Curiosity ; Chemistry education ; Digital imaging ; Scale (ratio) ; Fluorescence Various Chemistry Research Topics ; Biosensors and Analytical Detection ; Nanotechnology research and applications
Authors: Agnieszka Filipek | Edyta Czepielewska
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology (article, 2026-02-11)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Oleaceae plants: a source of metabolites with atheroprotective potential Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, driven by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid imbalance, and plaque instability. Bioactive metabolites found in plants of the Oleaceae family, particularly olives (<i>Olea europaea</i> L.), have emerged as promising modulators of these processes. This narrative review highlights several key phytochemicals, such as oleacein and oleuropein (secoiridoids), hydroxytyrosol and oleocanthal (phenylethanoids), acteoside and syringin (phenylpropanoids), oleanolic and ursolic acids (triterpenoids), phillygenin (lignans), caffeic and chlorogenic acids (phenolic acids). These metabolites act by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant defence pathway, inhibiting NF-κB-driven inflammation, regulating cholesterol transport (ABCA1/ABCG1 and CD36), protecting the endothelium, and stabilising atherosclerotic plaque. Preclinical studies consistently demonstrate strong anti-atherosclerotic activity, while clinical evidence mainly supports the consumption of polyphenol-rich extra virgin olive oil, which has been linked to improved endothelial function, reduced oxidative and inflammatory markers, and a lower risk of cardiovascular disease. However, robust trials of purified compounds and non-olive Oleaceae species are lacking. Oleaceae-derived phytochemicals offer multi-targeted cardioprotective potential, but their translation into clinical applications remains limited. Oleuropein ; Hydroxytyrosol ; Oleaceae ; Tyrosol ; Caffeic acid ; Oleanolic acid ; Oxidative stress ; Antioxidant Edible Oils Quality and Analysis ; Natural product bioactivities and synthesis ; Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
Authors: Simen Jacobs | Julian B. Voits | Nikita Frolov | Ulrich S. Schwarz | Lendert Gelens
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (article, 2026-01-06)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Understanding the temperature response of biological systems: Part II -- Network-level mechanisms and emergent dynamics Building on the phenomenological and microscopic models reviewed in Part I, this second part focuses on network-level mechanisms that generate emergent temperature response curves. We review deterministic models in which temperature modulates the kinetics of coupled biochemical reactions, as well as stochastic frameworks, such as Markov chains, that capture more complex multi-step processes. These approaches show how Arrhenius-like temperature dependence at the level of individual reactions is transformed into non-Arrhenius scaling, thermal limits, and temperature compensation at the system level. Together, network-level models provide a mechanistic bridge between empirical temperature response curves and the molecular organization of biological systems, giving us predictive insights into robustness, perturbations, and evolutionary constraints. Markov chain ; Dynamics (music) ; Markov process ; Stochastic dynamics ; Thermal ; Compensation (psychology) ; Phenomenology (philosophy) ; Complex system thermodynamics and calorimetric analyses ; Protein Structure and Dynamics ; Physiological and biochemical adaptations
Authors: T. Jóźwik
Source: Materials research proceedings (article, 2026-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Fe-Cr-Co Filler Metal for Hardfacing Industrial Fittings – An Alternative to Stellite Bonds Abstract. The article presents the implementation of a welding material – Fe-Cr-Co (iron-chromium-cobalt) weld metal, which is a cheaper and technically advantageous alternative to traditional cobalt alloys used for surfacing and sealing surfaces of industrial fittings. The aim was to find a material with similar tribological wear resistance to commonly used cobalt-based welds, but one that is technologically easier to use, more resistant to cracking, and easier to use during repairs. The authors proposed an Fe-Cr-Co alloy (XHD 6804 electrode) – an iron-based filler metal with the addition of chromium and cobalt. It is characterized by high heat resistance (up to 900°C), a hardness of 45–54 HRC, heat resistance, thermal shock resistance, and ease of surfacing. Hardfacing ; Stellite ; Welding ; Filler (materials) ; Filler metal ; Alloy ; Thermal shock ; Wear resistance ; Heat resistance ; Chromium Metal Alloys Wear and Properties ; Engineering and Environmental Studies ; Polymer Science and Applications
Authors: D. R. Patil | Jayant Hemchandra Bhangale
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2026-04-09)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Experimental analysis of Cellulose Fibre Insulation considering thermal Conductivity dependence on density using environment friendly additives Cellulose ; Thermal conductivity ; Cellulose fiber ; Thermal insulation ; Adhesive ; Thermal resistance ; Thermal Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Advanced Cellulose Research Studies ; Hygrothermal properties of building materials
Authors: Nerea Garin-Murguialday | Francisco Márquez-Urbano | Rafael Pagán | Raquel Virto | Laura Espina | Esther Arias
Source: Applied Food Research (article, 2026-01-24)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Quality and safety preservation of pineapple sticks using the cell-free supernatant of lactic acid bacteria • P. acidilactici cell-free supernatant (CFS) and MAP extended pineapple shelf life • Physicochemical properties and acceptability were preserved during refrigeration • Molecular analysis revealed pediocin PA-1 biosynthesys by P. acidilactici • P. acidilactici CFS is a promising clean-label alternative to preservatives The demand for clean-label and minimally processed foods has increased interest in natural biopreservation strategies. The present study evaluates the use of the cell-free supernatants (CFSs) of three lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains ( Pediococcus acidilactici CNTA 1059, Levilactobacillus brevis CNTA 1374, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CNTA 600) as potential bioprotective agents to preserve fresh-cut pineapple sticks. Two spoilage yeasts, Meyerozyma spp. and Rhodotorula toruloides , were identified as the predominant microbiota responsible for deterioration. The CFSs of the three LAB strains were then tested in combination with passive modified atmosphere packaging for their ability to inhibit microbial growth and preserve physicochemical and sensory properties during refrigerated storage. Among the treatments, the P. acidilactici CNTA 1059 CFS effectively inhibited yeast proliferation while preserving the colour, texture, and flavour of the pineapple sticks for up to 12 days. Consumer-based evaluations indicated higher acceptability scores for treated samples compared to controls, consistent with their better sensory quality over storage. The suitability of P. acidilactici CNTA 1059 as a bioprotective agent was further supported by whole-genome sequencing analysis, which showed that the strain does not carry transmissible antibiotic resistance genes and lacks pathogenic markers. The genome analysis revealed the presence of the pediocin PA-1 biosynthetic gene cluster, and mass spectrometry confirmed its actual production in the CFS. These results present P. acidilactici CNTA 1059 as a safe, effective, and multifunctional LAB strain, whose CFS can extend the shelf life of minimally processed pineapple sticks, with potential applications for other minimally processed fruits to meet clean-label demands. Pediococcus acidilactici ; Preservative ; Lactic acid ; Food spoilage ; Bacteriocin ; Lactobacillus plantarum ; Bacteria ; Listeria monocytogenes ; Pediococcus Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging ; Pineapple and bromelain studies ; Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life Management
Authors: Xiaolei Wang | Chuchu Chen | Xiaoxuan Sun | Chuanzhi Wang | Haiying Tang
Source: Frontiers in Plant Science (article, 2026-03-06)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Biochar and nano-silicon partnership alleviates vanadium toxicity in rice through improving antioxidant defense, nitrogen assimilation and iron plaque formation These findings suggest that the partnership between BC and Si-NPs enhanced root growth, chlorophyll synthesis, antioxidant activity, nitrogen assimilation, and iron plaque formation, while decreasing oxidative damage and V accumulation, thereby increasing plant growth. Thus, a combination of BC and Si-NPs can be an important strategy to mitigate the V toxicity and enhance rice production in V-polluted soils. Biochar ; Antioxidant ; Chlorophyll ; Toxicity ; Shoot ; Osmolyte ; Nitrogen ; Metal toxicity Vanadium and Halogenation Chemistry ; Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
Authors: Andriy Goychuk
Source: ArXiv.org (article, 2026-04-02)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Gaussian closure and dynamical mean-field theory for self-avoiding heteropolymers Analytical treatments of polymer dynamics have mostly been restricted to linear response theory around some steady state obtained via perturbative field theory. Here, I derive an analytical framework that yields unified access to the evolution of conformations, contact probabilities, and fluctuations within a dynamical mean-field theory. Starting with the Langevin equation of a hydrodynamically coupled and self-avoiding heteropolymer, the key idea is to focus on the two-point correlator as the lowest-order relevant observable. Truncating higher-order correlations via a Gaussian closure leads to a self-consistent diffusion equation for the chain correlations. The theory is validated by contrasting coiled, globular, and self-avoiding polymers within a single dynamical framework, and predicts hyper-compacted fractal states in hydrodynamically coupled active polymers such as chromatin. Gaussian ; Closure (psychology) ; Fractal ; Dynamical systems theory ; Langevin equation ; Focus (optics) ; Chain (unit) ; Dynamical system (definition) ; Diffusion Block Copolymer Self-Assembly ; Advanced Physical and Chemical Molecular Interactions ; Material Dynamics and Properties