jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Wen-Chi Wu | Yun‐Yu Chen | Limin Chang | Hsiu‐Hui Chen | Chun‐Ta Wang
Source: Advanced Functional Materials (article, 2025-08-19)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Bistable Photochromic Guest–Host Liquid Crystals for Rewritable and Switchable Photonic Devices Abstract A bistable photochromic guest–host liquid crystal (GHLC) system is presented, enabling reversible optical and electrical modulation for reconfigurable photonic applications. At the core of this system is a newly developed liquid crystalline (LC) dye based on dithienylcyclopentene (DTCP), namely DTCP‐BIPH‐OC8 , which incorporates a biphenyl (BIPH) substituent and an octyloxy (OC8) side chain. This compound combines photoresponsiveness with LC compatibility, displaying excellent miscibility with both nematic and cholesteric liquid crystal hosts. Upon alternating exposure to UV and visible light, this DTCP‐LC dye undergoes a highly reversible transformation between a colorless open‐ring form and a dichroic closed‐ring form with red‐region absorption. The DTCP‐based system demonstrates distinct bistable behavior, characterized by sub‐second switching speed, pronounced optical contrast, and exceptional stability in the closed‐ring state without continuous light input. In cholesteric systems, it enables precise control over three electrically addressable optical states, which are the planar, focal conic, and uniformly lying helix configurations. This photoelectrically tunable absorption, combined with the unique thermal and structural robustness of the DTCP‐LC dye, makes this material a strong candidate for next‐generation rewritable and switchable photonic devices such as tunable optical filters, energy‐saving smart windows, and bistable reflective displays. Photochromism ; Materials science ; Bistability ; Optical bistability ; Photonics ; Liquid crystal ; Photonic crystal ; Optoelectronics ; Nanotechnology ; Optics ; Nonlinear optics Liquid Crystal Research Advancements ; Photonic Crystals and Applications ; Photonic and Optical Devices
Authors: Alper Karagöl | Taner Karagöl
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2025-08-18)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Helix-to-Beta-Sheet Transition Drives Self-Assembly of Glutamate Transporter EAA1 Splice Peptides Abstract Truncated isoforms play a critical role in understanding the structural and functional properties of membrane proteins, including glutamate transporters. Here, we molecularly characterize two helical truncated isoforms of the human glutamate transporter EAA1. Using an integrative multi-omics and computational approach, we show that these isoforms, particularly one derived from the N-terminus, do not adopt the canonical transporter fold. Instead, they self-assemble into stable, β-sheet-enriched oligomers, a structure previously unobserved for this protein family. Furthermore, we identified a water-soluble truncated isoform (A0A7P0TAF5) of the membranous canonical EAA1, revealing that self-assembly is not confined to membranous isoforms of EAA1. This finding uncovers a previously unrecognized functional class of truncated isoforms capable of initiating assembly in the soluble state. Our 500ns molecular dynamics simulations further reveal that the truncation alters the native conformational dynamics, promoting a transition into semi-helical β-structures over time. In a model bilayer, β-Sheet-driven octamerization of the helical EAA1 isoform A0A7P0Z4F7 induces localized upper leaflet membrane pitting during 250ns all-atom simulation. Helix to β-sheet oligomer transitions is a known pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Our findings thus uncover a potential new mechanism for glutamate transporter involvement in neurodegeneration and identify the N-terminal domain as a promising therapeutic target. This work highlights how alternative splicing can generate isoforms with novel interaction patterns and distinct molecular conformations. splice ; Beta sheet ; Helix (gastropod) ; BETA (programming language) ; Alpha helix ; Transition (genetics) ; Glutamate receptor ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry ; Biology ; Gene ; Peptide ; Protein structure ; Computer science ; Paleontology ; Receptor Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials ; Chemical Synthesis and Analysis ; Biopolymer Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Samar M. Mahgoub | Abdullah S. Alawam | Ahmed A. Allam | Adel Elsayed Ahmed Mohamed | Rehab Mahmoud
Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation (article, 2025-09-08)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Robust RP-HPLC Method for the Analysis of Domiphen Bromide in Pharmaceuticals with Comprehensive Sustainability Assessment Abstract Purpose Domiphen bromide (DB), a quaternary ammonium compound, is widely used as an antimicrobial preservative in pharmaceutical formulations. This study aimed to develop and validate a simple, sensitive, and reliable reversed-phase HPLC method for the quantitative determination of DB in pure and commercial preparations, evaluating its stability-indicating capacity and environmental sustainability. Methods Chromatographic separation was performed via an Inertsil ODS-3 column with acetonitrile and perchloric acid solution (70:30, v/v) as the mobile phase. Detection was performed at 275 nm with a column temperature of 25 °C. Method validation followed ICH guidelines, assessing linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, and specificity. A quality by design (QbD) approach was employed with a 2³ full factorial design of experiments (DoE) to optimize critical parameters, including the acetonitrile ratio, flow rate, and column temperature, with statistical analysis (ANOVA) confirming their influence on retention, resolution, and peak shape. Forced degradation studies under acidic, basic, oxidative, thermal, photolytic, and neutral conditions were conducted. The method’s greenness was evaluated via multiple analytical effectiveness and eco-balance metrics. Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA for batch comparisons. Results The method exhibited excellent linearity (1.132–1000 µg/mL, r² &gt;0.999) with exceptional sensitivity (LOD: 0.373 µg/mL, LOQ: 1.132 µg/mL). The RSD values were less than 2% for the intraday and interday analyses. The accuracy ranged from 98.8 to 99.76% across the three concentration levels. Degradation studies revealed the highest susceptibility to basic hydrolysis (26.72%), followed by acid hydrolysis (18.45%) and oxidative stress (15.23%). The method successfully separated DB from all the degradation products, confirming its stability-indicating capacity. ANOVA confirmed that there was no significant batch-to-batch variation in commercial products (F = 0.82, p &gt; 0.05). Solution stability studies confirmed standard/sample integrity for 24 h at 25 °C and 48 h at 4 °C. Conclusions The developed RP-HPLC method is robust, accurate, and precise for routine determination and stability assessment of DB in pharmaceutical formulations. This method was further applied to the analysis of a commercial formulation (Maalox ® oral suspension) with no observed interference from excipients. The method aligns with green chemistry principles and is suitable for quality control and regulatory applications. Graphical Abstract Factorial experiment ; Acetonitrile ; Hydrolysis ; Degradation (telecommunications) ; Perchloric acid ; Forced degradation ; Preservative ; Bromide Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography ; Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals ; Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
Authors: Ebele Adaobi Silva | Anselmo Agostinho Simionato | Olívia Breda Moss | Adriana Cláudia Lapria Faria | Renata Cristina Silveira Rodrigues | Ricardo Faria Ribeiro
Source: Dental and Medical Problems (article, 2025-04-30)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Impact of high-consumption beverages on the color, and surface roughness and microhardness of resin-matrix ceramics Based on the results, it can be concluded that the beverages tested may affect the esthetics and surface characteristics of the materials tested. Indentation hardness ; Ceramic ; Surface roughness ; Materials science ; Matrix (chemical analysis) ; Surface finish ; Composite material ; Metallurgy ; Microstructure Pigment Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Depeng Ji | Qiaoling Xu | Lede Xian
Source: Advanced Functional Materials (article, 2025-01-19)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

2D Covalent Moiré Superlattice from Fluorinating Twisted Bilayer Graphene Abstract Moiré materials exhibit diverse quantum properties such as superconductivity and correlated topological phases, making them ideal for studying strongly correlated systems. While moiré materials are typically formed by stacking 2D materials with interlayer interaction dominated by weak van der Waals (vdW) forces, constructing moiré covalent superlattices by fluorinating twisted bilayer graphene becomes possible. With first principles calculations, it is demonstrated that fluorination of twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) can induce covalent bonds between adjacent layers, transforming the vdW‐dominated interactions. This results in enhanced modulation of the electronic structure, with abundant flat bands across the spectrum. The findings suggest that covalent moiré superlattices offer new platforms for exploring correlated quantum phenomena and moiré covalent chemistry. Materials science ; Superlattice ; Graphene ; Bilayer graphene ; Moiré pattern ; Bilayer ; Covalent bond ; Condensed matter physics ; Nanotechnology ; Optoelectronics ; Optics ; Quantum mechanics ; Membrane Graphene research and applications ; Fullerene Chemistry and Applications ; Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research
Authors: Ikunda Herman Massawe | Ernest R. Mbega | Akida I. Meya
Source: Frontiers in Sustainability (article, 2025-08-22)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Potential application of nanotechnology in formulating biofertilizers as a sustainable way for promoting plant growth: a systematic review Introduction Nanoparticles and Plant Growth-Promoting Microbes are trending as sustainable means for supplying plant nutrients. The purpose of this review was to understand how these technologies have been applied together to enhance plant growth. Methods A PRISMA protocol was followed to explore relevant articles that reported the impact of nanoparticles on plant growth-promoting microbes or their influence on plant growth. By using the established search string, 70 original research articles published between 2000 and 2023 from Google Scholar and Scopus were obtained. Results The results show that 21 microbe genera with more than 50 species can promote plant growth. Free-living plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria are the most studied microbes, followed by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Inorganic nanoparticles, such as ZnO, are the most extensively studied nanoparticles, followed by organic nanoparticles, primarily chitosan. Discussion Nanoparticles and plant growth-promoting microbes can be applied as separate treatments or by formulating nano-biofertilizer, and their combination ameliorates biotic and abiotic plant growth stresses. The effect of nanoparticles on plant growth-promoting microbes is concentration and species-dependent. Biofertilizer ; Nanotechnology ; Plant growth ; Biochemical engineering ; Engineering ; Materials science ; Biology ; Agronomy Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
Authors: Kai Klink | Andrew Kirkpatrick | Yukihiro Tadokoro | Jonas N. Becker | Shannon Singer Nicley
Source: Frontiers in Quantum Science and Technology (article, 2025-09-23)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Fabrication of oriented NV center arrays in diamond via femtosecond laser writing and reorientation Introduction Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are widely recognized as highly promising solid-state quantum sensors due to their long room temperature coherence times and atomic-scale size, which enable exceptional sensitivity and nanoscale spatial resolution under ambient conditions. Ultrafast laser writing has demonstrated the deterministic spatial control of individual NV − centers, however, the resulting random orientation of the defect axis limits the magnetic field sensitivity and signal contrast. Methods We developed an all-optical approach for reorienting laser-written NV − centers to lie along a specific crystallographic axis using femtosecond laser annealing. The orientation is determined by polarization analysis, and the annealing and subsequent polarization analysis are repeated until the desired orientation is observed. Results Our method achieves deterministic alignment of NV − centers along the optical axis in (111)-oriented diamond substrates and allows selection between two observable orientation classes in (100)-oriented substrates. The reorientation preserves spatial ordering while producing uniform orientation across arrays of NV − centers. Discussion This approach enables scalable fabrication of orientation-controlled NV − arrays, and paves the way for scalable, high performance quantum devices based on orientation-controlled NV − centers. Femtosecond ; Diamond ; Laser ; Fabrication ; Ultrashort pulse ; Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy) ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Orientation (vector space) Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; Laser Material Processing Techniques ; Advanced Surface Polishing Techniques
Authors: Lesta S. Fletcher | Nickolas A. Joyner | Eric A. Agyei | David A. Dixon | Jesse D. Carrick
Source: Chemistry - A European Journal (article, 2025-06-08)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Non‐<i>C2</i>‐Symmetric Complexant for Minor Actinide Separation of Actinides from Lanthanides Advancements in the separation of the minor actinides (An) from the neutron-poisoning post fission lanthanides (Ln) via the partitioning and transmutation strategy are vital toward closure of the nuclear fuel cycle, decreasing dependence on fossil fuels, and minimizing the environmental impact of energy production. Recent advancements in complexant-based separations strategies have realized substantive gains in ease of synthetic access, process-relevant diluent solubility, in addition to stability in strongly acidic environments. As purposeful exploration of chemoselective chelating agents moves forward, rapid, selective, and reversible actinide binding are at the forefront. In this work, the utility of a non-C2-symmetric, bis-1,2,4-triazinylpyridine (BTP)-type complexant for the selective extraction of <sup>241</sup>Am<sup>3+</sup> over <sup>154-152</sup>Eu<sup>3+</sup> from simulated high-level waste is reported. High separation factors (SFs) in 1-octanol:kerosene 50:50 (v/v), equilibration within 15 minutes of contact time, decomplexation with dilute acid only, and recyclability of a discrete complexant for additional extractions were achieved. Separations, spectroscopic, and DFT calculation data supporting the observed experimental results are disclosed herein. Actinide ; Nuclear transmutation ; Diluent ; Lanthanide ; Chemistry ; Extraction (chemistry) ; Solubility ; Spent nuclear fuel ; Fission products ; Radiochemistry ; Inorganic chemistry ; Nuclear chemistry ; Neutron ; Physical chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Nuclear physics ; Physics Radioactive element chemistry and processing ; Chemical Synthesis and Characterization ; Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Yujie Wu | Liehua Tie | Congde Huang | Jordi Sardans | Javier de la Casa | Arun K. Bose | Shengnan Ouyang | Honglang Duan | Jie Wang | Josep Peñuelas
Source: Global Ecology and Biogeography (article, 2025-05-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

The Effects, Patterns and Predictors of Phosphorus Addition on Terrestrial Litter Decomposition ABSTRACT Aim Anthropogenic phosphorus (P) input profoundly affects carbon (C) and nutrient dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems, which poses a threat to soil health and nutrient sustainability. Litter decomposition is crucial for maintaining soil C and nutrient pools, yet there is a significant knowledge gap regarding the effects of anthropogenic P input on terrestrial litter decomposition. Location Terrestrial ecosystems. Time Period 1985–2024. Major Taxa Studied Litter decomposition. Methods We conducted a meta‐analysis based on 731 observations from 40 peer‐reviewed articles to determine the overall effects, patterns and primary predictors of P addition on litter decomposition. Results The results showed that P addition increased the activities of β‐1,4‐glucosidase (BG) and β‐1,4‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) during decomposition and accelerated the degradation of lignin and cellulose and the release of litter C. This resulted in a 6.63% increase in litter mass loss. The positive effect of P addition on litter mass loss was further amplified when combined with N addition. In addition, the patterns varied depending on P fertiliser type (e.g., Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 , NaH 2 PO 4 , and KH 2 PO 4 ), P addition level (e.g., &lt; 5, 5–10 and &gt; 10 g P m −2 year −1 ), experimental duration (e.g., &lt; 12, 12–24 and &gt; 24 months), litterbag mesh size (e.g., &lt; 0.5, 0.5–2 and &gt; 2 mm), litter type (e.g., leaf, stem and root), climate zone (e.g., tropical and temperate), and ecosystem type (e.g., forest, grassland and wetland). Model selection analysis showed that background soil pH was the primary predictor driving litter decomposition in response to P addition. Main Conclusions Our results highlighted that P addition promoted the degradation of organic C, lignin, and cellulose and accelerated the process of litter decomposition. Moreover, the patterns and primary predictors (e.g., backgroud soil pH) are critical for accurately understanding how anthropogenic P input influences these processes. Litter ; Phosphorus ; Ecology ; Decomposition ; Terrestrial ecosystem ; Environmental science ; Biology ; Ecosystem ; Chemistry Advanced Cellulose Research Studies ; Recycling and Waste Management Techniques ; Metallurgy and Material Science
Authors: Washington Duarte Silva da Silva | Joielan Xipaia dos Santos | Deivison Venício Souza | Tawani Lorena Naide Acosta | Ana Paula Souza Ferreira | Pamella Carolline Marques dos Reis Reis | Leonardo Pequeno Reis | Helena Cristina Vieira | Graciela Inês Bolzón de Muñiz | Silvana Nisgoski
Source: Holzforschung (article, 2025-04-21)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Applying colorimetry and visible spectroscopy to discriminate wood species in a forest management area in the amazon floodplain Abstract The objective of this study was to use colorimetry and visible spectroscopy to discriminate wood species obtained from the Amazon floodplain, in addition to determining the basic density and relating it to the wood colorimetric parameters. The studied material was from a community forest management area in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. For colorimetric and visible spectrum analyses, data were obtained randomly in the transverse anatomical surface. The spectral behavior of the wood samples in the visible region was evaluated. In the statistical analyses, comparisons of colorimetric parameters and visible spectra of wood from floodplain tree species were carried out. Furthermore, the basic density of the wood was determined. The best differentiation of species was achieved mainly by the hue angle. The species Pseudobombax munguba (Mart.) Dugand presented the highest median for the coordinate of the red-green axis, and the medians of the species P. munguba and Hevea spruceana (Benth.) Müll.Arg. obtained higher values of the blue-yellow axis coordinate and saturation. All species evaluated were classified as light and having low-density wood. Thus, it can be concluded that the colorimetric technique has potential to distinguish Amazon floodplain forest species. Floodplain ; Colorimetry ; Amazon rainforest ; Environmental science ; Spectroscopy ; Forestry ; Industrial chemistry ; Forest management ; Geography ; Remote sensing ; Agroforestry ; Ecology ; Chemistry ; Biology ; Engineering ; Cartography ; Chromatography ; Physics Wood and Agarwood Research ; Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications ; Forest Insect Ecology and Management
Authors: Saiya Li | Shuangjian Li | Yijia Cheng | Yapeng Fang | Qin Cao | Yiping Cao
Source: Advanced Science (article, 2025-08-29)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Dual Hydrophilic‐Hydrophobic Core Architecture in Soy Glycinin Amyloid Fibrils Revealed by Cryo‐EM Plant-derived amyloid fibrils represent a promising class of sustainable nanomaterials outperforming their native counterparts in functionalities; however, the atomic-level structural mechanisms behind these enhancements have yet to be elucidated. Using cryo-EM, near-atomic resolution structures (3.4 and 3.5 Å) are determined for two distinct fibril polymorphs assembled in vitro from soy glycinin-A subunit. The dominant Type I fibril exhibits an unprecedented dual-core architecture, characterized by spatially segregated hydrophilic (Asp172-Asn178/Asn178'-Asp172') and hydrophobic (Val166-Ile168/Val186'-Pro184') domains, which contribute to a unique amyloid fold distinct from many known amyloid structures, including pathological and functional amyloids. In contrast, the minor Type II fibril adopts a conventional extended hydrophobic core with Tyr155-Tyr158 π-stacking. These atomic structures establish fundamental structure-property relationships that will inform the rational design of plant protein-based nanomaterials. Soy protein ; Amyloid fibril ; Fibril ; Amyloid (mycology) ; Chemistry ; Core (optical fiber) ; Dual (grammatical number) ; Biophysics ; Biochemistry ; Chemical engineering ; Materials science ; Amyloid β ; Biology ; Pathology ; Medicine Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials ; Surfactants and Colloidal Systems ; Enzyme Structure and Function
Authors: Mengxia Zhang | Chun‐Juan Dong
Source: Preprints.org (preprint, 2025-05-19)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Molecular Mechanisms of Cadmium Stress Resistance in Vegetable Crops Cadmium (Cd) stress poses significant threats to vegetable crops, impacting their growth, physi-ological processes, and safety as part of the human food chain. This review systematically sum-marizes the latest advances in the molecular mechanisms of vegetable crops’ resistance to Cd stress. First, physiological and biochemical responses are outlined, including growth inhibition, impaired photosynthesis, oxidative stress, disrupted nutrient absorption, altered phytohormone levels, and gene expression changes. Next, key molecular mechanisms are discussed, focusing on the roles of transporter-related genes (e.g., NRAMP, HIPP, ABCG), transcription factors (e.g., HsfA1a, WRKY, ERF), enzyme-related genes (e.g., E3 ubiquitin ligase, P-type ATPase), microRNAs (e.g., miR398), and potential functional genes in Cd uptake, translocation, and detoxification. Ad-ditionally, the regulatory roles of phytohormones and their analogues (e.g., brassinosteroids, gib-berellin, salicylic acid) in mitigating Cd toxicity are analyzed, highlighting their involvement in antioxidant defense, gene regulation, and stress signaling pathways. Finally, future research di-rections are proposed, emphasizing species-specific defense mechanisms, root hair-specific Cd exclusion mechanisms, and interdisciplinary approaches integrating AI and microbiome manipu-lation. This review provides a comprehensive reference for enhancing Cd stress resistance in vegetable crops and promoting safe crop production. Resistance (ecology) ; Cadmium ; Stress (linguistics) ; Agronomy ; Biology ; Materials science ; Metallurgy ; Philosophy ; Linguistics Heavy Metals in Plants