Authors: Sneha Bagle | Suraj Muke | Vaibhavi Peshattiwar | Aakruti Kaikini | Sadhana Sathaye | Sathaye | O Wouters | M Mckee | J Luyten | S Santana | E Rico | J Burgos | T Bowman | L Zon | D Rosemberg | K Seibt | K Capiotti | Da Silva | R | W Barbazuk | I Korf | C Kadavi | J Heyen | S Tate | B Mussulini | C Leite | K Zenki | L Moro | S Baggio | T Mueller | P Vernier | M Wullimann | M Newman | G Verdile | R Martins | M Lardelli | F Schml | J Golding | M Gresty | A Atri | S Sherman | K Norman | B Kirchhoff | M Nicolas | A Green | K Ellis | J Ellis | C Bartholomeusz | S Ilic | J Lee | J Park | J Ahn | I Kim | K Skalicka-Wozniak | B Budzynska | G Biala | A Boguszewska-Czubara | Y Kim | Y Lee | D Kim | M Jung | C Lee | S Richetti | M Blank | A Piato | M Bogo | G Cognato | J Bortolotto | A Blazina | R Christoff | D Lara | G De Melo | Paula De | M Vianna | C Bonan | V Rajesh | S Ilanthalir | R Zanandrea | M Abreu | L Barcellos | A Giacomini | J Stefanska | R Pawliczak | C Romanini | E Ferreira | L Soares | A Santiago | H Milani | F Engels | B Renirie | ' Hart | B Labadie | R Nijkamp | F
Source:  (article, 2021-04-12)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Nootropic, Neuroprotective and Anti-oxidant Role of Apocynin in Scopolamine Induced Memory Deficit in a Zebrafish Model Four decades of search in quest of an effective therapeutic option for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has led to a complete clinical failure, putting pre-clinical models, their evaluation in spotlight. The pre-clinical stage if lead with a systemic approach, than jumping straight into clinical trials, will reduce financial burden opening avenues for effective AD therapeutics. Preliminary screening therefore shall be fast, ensuring use of efficient, easy, and less time consuming pre-clinical models for screening new entities. Aim of present research was therefore development of a quick, effective, and easy zebrafish model for preliminary screening of probable AD therapeutics. The present research used total of 72 zebrafish divided into six groups, control, negative control, vehicle control, and 3 groups for apocynin (10 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, and 70 mg/kg). We investigated memory retention, long term memory retention using passive avoidance paradigm, free radical generation using DCFDA assay, and glial cell proliferation using H and E histological staining. Intraperitoneally administered scopolamine (0.025 mg/kg) induced memory deficits hindering memory formation. Apocynin at all doses prevented scopolamine-induced amnesia. Apocynin was found to be capable of reducing free radical load and curbing the inflammation due to scopolamine administration. Moreover; long term memory retention was observed with 10 mg/kg apocynin. Our revelations designate the fact that passive avoidance model in zebrafish could be used as an acute model in order to screen potential entities for treatment of AD. Our findings highlight that a single dose of apocynin could reverse memory deficits induced by single scopolamine injection by acting on cholinergic transmission pathway. Apocynin being an anti-oxidant reduced the free radical generation, thus engaging one of the crucial pathways toward AD pathophysiology. In addition it offered neuroprotection by reducing glial cell proliferation. In conclusion apocynin exhibited multifaceted pharmacological activities like being nootropic, neuroprotective, and anti-oxidant in preclinical AD model. Apocynin ; Neuroprotection ; Nootropic ; Scopolamine ; Neuroscience ; Zebrafish ; Anti oxidant ; Pharmacology ; Medicine ; Chemistry ; Biology ; Reactive oxygen species ; Antioxidant ; NADPH oxidase ; Biochemistry Chemical synthesis and alkaloids ; Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research ; Chromatography in Natural Products