jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Zhaoguo Wu | Qian Wang | Qianbo Xiao | Ke Wu | Qi Fu | Huixian Huang | Hong Xiang | Zhengqin Cao
Source: Discover Applied Sciences (article, 2025-08-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Study on the effect of environmental humidity on the thermal decomposition characteristics of PVC outer sheath of high-voltage cables With the continuous expansion of the city’s high-voltage cable commissioning scale, cable failure caused by electrical fires is increasingly serious problem. As a critical insulating component, the thermal decomposition characteristics of the PVC outer sheath of high-voltage cables are essential for preventing cable fires. This study focuses on the YJLW02-64/110 kV high-voltage power cable PVC sheath, aiming to investigate the impact of environmental humidity on its thermal decomposition and gas generation properties. Thermal decomposition experiments were conducted across ten humidity gradients, ranging from 10 to 100%, using a specially designed experimental platform that included heating, temperature and humidity control, and gas detection. Set a heat source of 200℃ to simulate the early fault state of high-voltage cables before a fire occurs. FTIR was employed to identify the functional groups in the thermal decomposition gases, while ion chromatography was used to quantify the HCl content. The results revealed that the thermal decomposition gases of the PVC sheath primarily contained H2O, CO2, CO, HCl, and low molecular olefins and alkanes. When the humidity was below 50% RH, characteristic absorption peaks corresponding to alcohols (C–OH) and aryl ring/ketones (C–C) were observed in the infrared spectrum. The absorbance of C–H, C–C, and C–OH functional groups increased as humidity decreased, while CO2 absorbance peaked and then decreased. In contrast, HCl production increased by more than a thousandfold. The article reveals the influence of humidity on the gas generation characteristics of the thermal decomposition of the PVC outer sheath of high-voltage cables, which can provide theoretical support for the early warning technology of high-voltage cable fires. The thermal decomposition characteristics of PVC outer sheath of high voltage cables under different humidity were investigated. The thermal decomposition gases of PVC sheath include H2O, CO2, CO, HCl, low molecular olefins and alkanes. The generation of HCl is highly sensitive to humidity, and low humidity promotes the generation of thermal decomposition gases. Humidity ; Materials science ; Decomposition ; Voltage ; Thermal decomposition ; Composite material ; Thermal ; Environmental science ; Electrical engineering ; Chemistry ; Engineering ; Thermodynamics ; Physics ; Organic chemistry Polymer Science and PVC ; High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Polymer crystallization and properties
Authors: Olga Łastowska | W. Jurczak | Robert Starosta
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2025-07-29)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

Influence of surface quality on corrosion resistance of stainless steel and aluminum alloy butt welds after innovative finishing The maintenance properties of machine parts rely on a system of surface quality parameters, including geometrical, mechanical properties, and surface structure. This study examines how corrosion properties - a critical aspect of maintenance - depend on key surface quality parameters of butt-welded joints post-finishing. The research compares traditional grinding with an innovative post-weld finishing method. Corrosion results from material thermodynamic instability during manufacturing; over time, materials tend toward a more stable oxidized state. Welded joints pose significant corrosion fatigue challenges due to their structural complexity, material heterogeneity, and stress concentration, underscoring the study's importance. Test samples of AISI 304 L, AISI 316 L, EN AW-5058 H321, and EN AW-7075 T651 were butt-welded and finished with both methods. Surface morphology and roughness were characterized using a Zeiss Smart Zoom 5 digital microscope and an Alicona Infinite Focus G6 optical profilometer, enabling both 2D and 3D topographic analysis. Residual stresses were measured using the ProtoiXRD Combo X-ray diffractometer, and microhardness was determined with a NEXUS 4303 Vickers tester. Metallographic investigations were carried out using light and scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical corrosion testing was conducted in 3.5% NaCl solution at 20 °C using a three-electrode system and an Autolab PGSTAT 302 N potentiostat. Tafel curve extrapolation, conducted via NOVA2 software, was used to calculate corrosion potential (E<sub>corr</sub>) and current density (I<sub>corr</sub>). Results showed that the innovative finishing method improves surface uniformity and reduces tensile residual stresses, leading to enhanced corrosion resistance, particularly in stainless steel specimens. The findings demonstrate that post-weld surface condition plays a key role in controlling corrosion behavior and confirm the effectiveness of the proposed finishing method in improving the integrity and longevity of welded joints. Materials science ; Corrosion ; Residual stress ; Metallurgy ; Welding ; Alloy ; Surface roughness ; Surface finish ; Surface integrity ; Composite material Material Properties and Applications ; Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses ; Engineering and Environmental Studies
Authors: George Zograf | Andrew B. Yankovich | Betül Küçüköz | Abhay V. Agrawal | Alexander Yu. Polyakov | Joachim Ciers | Fredrik Eriksson | Åsa Haglund | Paul Erhart | Tomasz J. Antosiewicz | Eva Olsson | Timur Shegai
Source: npj 2D Materials and Applications (article, 2025-01-13)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Defect-assisted reversible phase transition in mono- and few-layer ReS2 Abstract 2D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) materials have attracted interest due to their remarkable excitonic, optical, electrical, and mechanical properties, which are dependent on their crystal structure. Consequently, controlling the crystal structure of these materials is essential for fine-tuning their performance, e.g., linear and nonlinear optical, as well as charge transport properties. While various phase-switching TMD materials are available, their transitions are often irreversible. Here, we investigate the mechanism of a light-induced reversible phase transition in mono- and bilayer rhenium disulfide (ReS 2 ). Our observations, based on transmission electron microscopy, nonlinear spectroscopy, and density functional theory, reveal a transition from the ground $${\rm{T}}^{\prime\prime}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>″</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> (double-distorted T) to the metastable $${\rm{H}}^{\prime}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> (distorted H) phase under femtosecond laser irradiation or influence of highly-energetic electrons. We show that the formation of sulfur vacancies facilitates this phenomenon. Our findings pave the way toward manipulating the crystal structure of ReS 2 and possibly its heterostructures. Phase transition ; Materials science ; Phase (matter) ; Crystal (programming language) ; Crystallography ; Chemistry ; Physics ; Thermodynamics ; Computer science 2D Materials and Applications ; Perovskite Materials and Applications ; MXene and MAX Phase Materials
Authors: Ioana Bâldea | Cristian Iacoviță | Raul Andrei Gurgu | Adrian VIZITIU | Vlad Răzniceanu | Daniela Rodica Mitrea
Source: Preprints.org (preprint, 2025-08-12)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Magnetic Hyperthermia with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: From Toxicity Challenges to Theranostic Cancer Applications Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have emerged as key materials in magnetic hyperthermia (MH), a minimally invasive cancer therapy capable of selectively inducing apoptosis, ferroptosis, and other cell death pathways while sparing surrounding healthy tissue. This review synthesizes advances in the design, functionalization, and biomedical application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for MH, highlighting strategies to optimize heating efficiency, biocompatibility, and tumor targeting. Key developments include tailoring particle size, shape, and composition; doping with metallic ions; engineering multicore nanostructures; and employing diverse surface coatings to improve colloidal stability, immune evasion, and multifunctionality. We discuss preclinical and clinical evidence for MH, its integration with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, and emerging theranostic applications enabling simultaneous imaging and therapy. Special attention is given to the role of MNPs in immunogenic cell death induction and metastasis prevention, as well as novel concepts for circulating tumor cell capture. Despite promising results in vitro and in vivo, clinical translation remains limited by insufficient tumor accumulation after systemic delivery, safety concerns, and a lack of standardized treatment protocols. Future progress will require interdisciplinary innovations in nanomaterial engineering, active targeting technologies, and real-time treatment monitoring to fully integrate MH into multimodal cancer therapy and improve patient outcomes. Hyperthermia ; Magnetic hyperthermia ; Toxicity ; Magnetic nanoparticles ; Nanoparticle ; Iron oxide nanoparticles ; Nanotechnology ; Iron oxide ; Cancer ; Materials science ; Medicine ; Cancer research ; Internal medicine ; Metallurgy Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
Authors: Regina Kalpokaitė‐Dičkuvienė | Vilma Snapkauskienė
Source: Sustainability (article, 2025-05-06)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

Prospects for the Valorization of Wind Turbine Blade Waste: Fiber Recovery and Recycling The article reviews the literature on the potential utilization of decommissioned wind turbine blade waste (WTBW) in construction materials, including geopolymers, which are rarely discussed. The review indicates that only the mechanical processing of WTBW creates prerequisites for its possible use as fillers in construction materials; however, adjustments to the composition of binding materials are necessary. Wind turbine blades (WTBs) are usually made from strong and durable composite materials, thus posing serious recycling and environmental challenges. Thermal process methods are promising approaches for recovering glass fibers from thermosets of WTBW through pyrolysis or converting WTBW into fibers via plasma processing. Preliminary durability studies of such recovered and recycled glass fibers have demonstrated their potential application in geopolymers or cement-based materials. Implementing these technologies would expand the waste management system, completing recycling and reuse solutions. To successfully adopt more environmentally friendly solutions, further development of geopolymer production processes and sustainable fiber recovery is recommended. Waste management ; Turbine ; Environmental science ; Fiber ; Turbine blade ; Blade (archaeology) ; Engineering ; Materials science ; Mechanical engineering ; Composite material Material Properties and Applications ; Fiber-reinforced polymer composites ; Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials
Authors: Benhour Amirian | Mostafa Yakout | James D. Hogan
Source: npj Advanced Manufacturing (article, 2025-05-17)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Data-driven phase-field modeling for additively manufactured Inconel 617: Transformative insights for small modular reactors This study examines the microstructural evolution and thermal-fluid behavior of Inconel 617 during laser-directed energy deposition additive manufacturing, focusing on temperature distribution, surface tension, and melt pool dynamics. A monolithic phase-field model, integrated with CALPHAD-informed thermodynamic data, is developed to predict solidification processes and surface tension variations. Results indicate that laser power critically influences thermal gradients, melt pool stability, and defect formation. Higher laser power increases thermal gradients, reducing surface tension and expanding melt pools, while lower laser power results in more stable surface tension and reduced defect risks. The temperature field is analyzed along and perpendicular to the laser movement, highlighting vaporization thresholds and melt pool geometry in governing material behavior. Surface tension consistently decreases near the laser interaction region, influenced by local thermal gradients. These findings contribute to process optimization—ensuring defect-free, corrosion-resistant Inconel 617 components with optimized microstructure and minimal residual stress for high-temperature applications, including small modular reactors. Transformative learning ; Inconel ; Modular design ; Field (mathematics) ; Phase (matter) ; Materials science ; Nuclear engineering ; Computer science ; Metallurgy ; Engineering ; Chemistry ; Mathematics ; Psychology ; Alloy ; Operating system ; Pure mathematics Solidification and crystal growth phenomena ; Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties ; Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes
Authors: Gutti Lokesh Kalyan | Rajendra Singh Rajput | S. Srinivasa Rao | Mukesh K. Pandey
Source: International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Technovation (article, 2025-05-23)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Optimization of Ammonia Mixing in Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Systems: A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Study on Swirl Angle and Mass Flow Rate Effects The research deals with design a Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) model through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to evaluate Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) deNOₓ procedures that help maintain sustainable environmental emissions. We study six swirl angles ranging from θ = 10° to θ = 60° at the GT diffuser exit to determine how they affect ammonia (NH₃) mixing before the SCR catalyst bed. The evaluation process occurred under mass flow conditions of 350 kg/s and 700 kg/s. Ammonia mixing uniformity must comply with Industrial standards by keeping the RMS value of mole fraction distribution less than 5% according to manufacturer specifications. The results indicate that a swirl angle of 30° produces the best NH₃ mixing performance with RMS 4.27% and theta = 40° provides the best temperature distribution ranging within ±7.41°C. The research delivers vital information regarding SCR system optimization when operational parameters change. Computational fluid dynamics ; Mixing (physics) ; Reduction (mathematics) ; Ammonia ; Mechanics ; Selective catalytic reduction ; Flow (mathematics) ; Volumetric flow rate ; Catalysis ; Materials science ; Chemistry ; Thermodynamics ; Physics ; Organic chemistry ; Mathematics Catalytic Processes in Materials Science ; Advanced Data Storage Technologies ; Industrial Gas Emission Control
Authors: Pau Rocabert-Oriols | Carmela Conte | Núria López | Javier Heras‐Domingo
Source: Digital Discovery (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Multi-modal contrastive learning for chemical structure elucidation with VibraCLIP Identifying molecular structures from vibrational spectra is central to chemical analysis but remains challenging due to spectral ambiguity and the limitations of single-modality methods. Ambiguity ; Interpretation (philosophy) ; Chemical structure ; Contrastive analysis ; Spectral analysis Molecular spectroscopy and chirality ; Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies ; Machine Learning in Materials Science
Authors: Aleksander Dabek | LG Mantovani | Susanna Mirabella | Michele Vignati | Simone Cinquemani
Source: Algorithms (review, 2025-04-27)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Advancements in Non-Destructive Detection of Biochemical Traits in Plants Through Spectral Imaging-Based Algorithms: A Systematic Review This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art non-destructive methods for detecting plant biochemical traits through spectral imaging of leafy greens. It offers insights into the various detection techniques and their effectiveness. The review emphasizes the algorithms used for spectral data analysis, highlighting advancements in computational methods that have contributed to improving detection accuracy and efficiency. This systematic review, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, explores the applications of non-destructive measurements, techniques, and algorithms, including hyperspectral imaging and spectrometry for detecting a wide range of chemical compounds and elements in lettuce, basil, and spinach. This review focuses on studies published from 2019 onward, focusing on the detection of compounds such as chlorophyll, carotenoids, nitrogen, nitrate, and anthocyanin. Additional compounds such as phosphorus, vitamin C, magnesium, glucose, sugar, water content, calcium, soluble solid content, sulfur, and pH are also mentioned, although they were not the primary focus of this study. The techniques used are showcased and highlighted for each compound, and the accuracies achieved are presented to demonstrate effective detection. Computer science ; Algorithm ; Spectral imaging ; Artificial intelligence ; Remote sensing ; Geology Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
Authors: Wei Han | Jiayun Wei | Hao Wang | Shu Ping Lau | Thuc Hue Ly | Jiong Zhao
Source: 2D Materials (article, 2025-05-12)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Phase transition of 2D van der Waals ferroelectrics Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals ferroelectrics with switchable electric polarization offer exciting possibilities in the fields of physics, materials science, and device engineering. Beyond the conventional polarization-state regulation through electric-field, 2D ferroelectrics can offer important additional functionalities through isomeric phases, including paraelectric and antiferroelectric phases. In recent years, a variety of novel ferroelectric orders have been discovered in 2D materials, resulting from intra- or inter-layer symmetry-breaking. These hidden phases, exhibit attractive properties, and understanding their phase transition mechanisms and controlling the transitions has become a central topic in the field of 2D ferroelectrics. Furthermore, phase control is a primary step towards scalable synthesis of 2D ferroelectrics and device applications. Here, we highlight the diverse mechanisms of the phase transitions in 2D ferroelectrics, particularly intrinsic and extrinsic ferroelectrics. We also summarize different approaches and respective conditions for phase control. Moreover, the in situ experimental techniques for studying phase transitions, and the rationalized scalable synthetic methods of 2D ferroelectrics are discussed. Finally, rich functionalities, opportunities and emerging applications combining phase control and ferroelectricity in phase-change ferroelectric devices are envisioned, with the remaining challenges briefly discussed. van der Waals force ; Phase transition ; Condensed matter physics ; Materials science ; Physics ; Statistical physics ; Quantum mechanics ; Molecule Solid-state spectroscopy and crystallography ; Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies ; Mechanical and Optical Resonators
Authors: Saketh Merugu | Md Moynul Hasan | Anupma Thakur | Jacob Patenaude | Babak Anasori | George H. Choueiri | Anju Gupta
Source: ACS Omega (article, 2025-02-05)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<i><sub><i>x</i></sub></i> MXene Additives for Enhanced Pool Boiling Regime This study investigates the potential applications of MXenes as an additive in heat-exchanging fluids under atmospheric pressure conditions. A low concentration of 0.1 wt % titanium carbide (Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T <i><sub><i>x</i></sub> </i> ) MXene-enhanced deionized water altered the boiling regime by demonstrating high critical heat flux (CHF) of 2110.1 kW/m<sup>2</sup> and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) 163.6 kW/m<sup>2</sup> °C, representing a 70.1% increase in CHF and a 213.5% increase in HTC compared to deionized water. Rheological studies were conducted to determine the optimal MXene concentration for long-term stability in the base fluid, ensuring suitability for large-scale industrial applications. Notably, Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T <i><sub><i>x</i></sub> </i> MXene dispersion demonstrated an 11% enhancement in CHF and a 45% enhancement in HTC compared to the highest reported values for Ag/ZnO-enhanced fluids on plain copper substrates in the literature. This shift in boiling regime is attributed to a combined mechanisms involving thermophoretic and Brownian motion that facilitated the circulation of the Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T <i><sub><i>x</i></sub> </i> MXene flakes before their stratification on the copper heater surface, which further led to improved interfacial properties such as surface roughness, wettability, and conductivity. This study provides insights on rheological property modulation and Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T <i><sub><i>x</i></sub> </i> MXene enhanced heat transfer fluid-surface interactions in pool boiling efficiency. Boiling ; Materials science ; Chemical engineering ; Physics ; Thermodynamics ; Engineering MXene and MAX Phase Materials ; Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties ; Energetic Materials and Combustion
Authors: Bing-Hong Yang | Shou-Yi Chang | Yulin Zhang | Fuqian Yang | Sanboh Lee
Source: Journal of Composites Science (article, 2025-02-11)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Kinetic Analysis of the Cracking Behavior in Methanol-Treated Poly(methyl methacrylate)/Functionalized Graphene Composites Structural degradation in liquid environments can hinder the applications of polymer composites as structural materials. In this work, we study the impacts of methanol on surface cracking and the propagation of pre-formed cracks in UV-irradiated poly(methyl methacrylate)/functionalized graphene (PMMA/FG) composites, followed by the uptake of three different crack-generated solvents, namely 1-butanol, cyclohexanol, and 2EA, respectively. The density of surface cracks increases with the increase in the uptake of the crack-generated solvent. The dependence of the nominal diffusivity for the surface cracking on temperature follows an Arrhenius-like law. The methanol in the composites enhances the uptake of the crack-generated solvent, accompanied by the desorption of methanol, and accelerates the initiation and propagation of surface cracks. The activation energy for the initiation of surface cracks shows an increasing dependence on the Hansen solubility distance from methanol. The progression of the pre-formed crack length with time follows a parabolic law. The nominal diffusivity of the crack-generated solvent for the propagation of the single-crack is greater in the healing zone than in the crack-free zone; the corresponding activation energies exhibit an opposite trend. Increasing the fraction of functionalized graphene and decreasing the UV-irradiation dose cause increases in the energy barriers that need to be overcome for the surface cracking and propagation of preexisting cracks. Composite material ; Graphene ; Materials science ; Cracking ; Poly(methyl methacrylate) ; Methacrylate ; Methyl methacrylate ; Methanol ; Kinetic energy ; Polymer ; Copolymer ; Chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Nanotechnology Polymer crystallization and properties ; Fiber-reinforced polymer composites ; Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties