jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Nadiyah M. Alabdallah | Salman Latif
Source: Frontiers in Plant Science (article, 2026-01-16)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Silver nanoparticles as a sustainable approach to enhance crop health and mitigate seawater-induced salt toxicity in chickpea Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have emerged as promising agents for enhancing plant growth and physiological functions in recent years. However, their role in alleviating salt-induced stress in plants is not yet well understood. In this study, we investigated the impact of foliar sprays of AgNPs1 (300 ppm) and AgNPs2 (400 ppm) on the morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses of chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.) seedlings subjected to different levels of salt stress. The chickpea plants were treated with seawater concentrations of 10%, 30%, and 50%, inducing mild, moderate, and severe salt stress. Salt stress significantly inhibited the growth of chickpea, resulting in reductions in both fresh and dry biomass. Additionally, salinity-induced oxidative stress was indicated by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in chickpea leaves. However, AgNPs, whether applied alone or in combination with salt stress, enhanced several physiological parameters, including chlorophyll content, chlorophyll stability index (CSI), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), and proline levels, while reducing TSS and MDA levels. Moreover, the antioxidant enzyme activity in chickpea leaves improved under salt stress when AgNPs (AgNPs1 and AgNPs2) were applied, suggesting that AgNPs play a key role in mitigating oxidative damage and promoting stress tolerance. Taken together, these results indicate that applying AgNPs can improve the salinity tolerance of chickpea seedlings by enhancing their morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses to salt stress, offering a potential solution for boosting crop yields on salt-affected soils globally. Salinity ; Chlorophyll ; Proline ; Malondialdehyde ; Oxidative stress ; Crop ; Chlorophyll fluorescence ; Antioxidant ; Salt (chemistry) Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance ; Plant Growth Enhancement Techniques
Authors: Thomas Wilhelm | Orkun Furat | Jules M. Dake | Carl E. Krill | Volker Schmidt
Source: Computational Materials Science (article, 2026-02-09)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A computational framework for tracking grain boundaries in 3D image data: Quantifying boundary curvatures and velocities in polycrystalline materials Diffraction-based methods for 3D microstructure mapping have revolutionized the investigation of grain growth phenomena in polycrystalline materials. These techniques provide unprecedented experimental access to the location, shape and migration of individual grain boundaries in real samples, together with other relevant boundary parameters, such as misorientation and inclination. However, achieving the ultimate goal of such studies — the identification of physical mechanisms responsible for the observed evolution of microstructure — is impeded by the voxel-based representation of microstructure intrinsic to 3D mapping. The staircase-like discretization of grain boundaries complicates the determination of boundary positions and local curvatures, motivating a transition from a discrete to a continuous representation of the boundary network. This paper introduces an approach based on smoothing thin-plate splines with radial basis functions to represent grain boundaries as continuous surfaces. The method can approximate arbitrarily shaped boundaries while preserving local mean curvatures and, for time-resolved series of images, local boundary velocities. Its accuracy is validated against two datasets: a multiplicatively weighted Laguerre tessellation, where mean curvatures are known analytically, and a Reuleaux tetrahedron evolving under a phase field model, for which local boundary velocities can be determined exactly. The applicability of the method to experimental data is demonstrated using time-resolved 3D maps of grain growth in an Al–Mg alloy. Misorientation ; Grain boundary ; Discretization ; Boundary (topology) ; Smoothing ; Representation (politics) ; Boundary representation ; Boundary value problem Microstructure and mechanical properties ; Solidification and crystal growth phenomena ; Metallurgy and Material Forming
Authors: Kai Cheng | Jie Hu | Xiaoke Wang | Yifan Zhang | Xinrong Tian | Yan Huang | Chenxin He | Xi Zhang | Peng Zou | Jinyu Ma | Xiaohan Qu | Yue Zhang | Hui Kong | Yan Zhao
Source: Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences (article, 2026-02-25)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Multi-target neuroprotection of carbon dots derived from Crinis Carbonisatus in multiple acute epilepsy model This study successfully synthesized spherical CrCi-CDs rich in surface functional groups (hydroxyl, amino, and carboxyl groups), which exhibited excellent dispersibility in aqueous solutions. <i>In vivo</i> evaluations using PTZ, PILO, and PNC models demonstrated that CrCi-CDs significantly reduced the severity of epileptic seizures and attenuated seizure-induced spatial learning and memory deficits. Brain histopathology revealed that CrCi-CDs treatment effectively mitigated hippocampal neuronal damage. Mechanistically, CrCi-CDs exerted neuroprotective effects through multiple pathways: restoring homeostasis by correcting pathological imbalances of neurotransmitters (Glu/GABA), alleviating oxidative stress (SOD/MDA), and suppressing proinflammatory cytokine release (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18). Further investigations suggest these effects may be mediated by regulating glutamate transporters, inhibiting the NF-κB inflammatory cascade, and modulating neuronal apoptosis pathways. This study confirms that bio-derived CrCi-CDs exhibit potent antiepileptic and neuroprotective properties. By simultaneously targeting neurotransmission, inflammation, and oxidative stress, CrCi-CDs emerge as a highly promising therapeutic candidate with a favorable safety profile, providing a scientific rationale for the development of biomass-derived nanomedicines in epilepsy management. Neuroprotection ; Epilepsy ; Hippocampal formation ; Anticonvulsant ; Hippocampus ; Status epilepticus Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications ; Electrochemical sensors and biosensors ; Advanced Nanomaterials in Catalysis
Authors: Anastasiia Blaginina | Daria Balycheva | Elena Mikhailovna Kezlya | С. Н. Железнова | Ruslan Georgievich Gevorgiz | Ekaterina Miroshnichenko | Maxim Sergeevich Kulikovskiy | Larisa Ivanovna Ryabushko
Source: Biology (article, 2026-02-27)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Halamphora kolbei (Aleem) Álvarez-Blanco et S. Blanco 2014, A Rare Diatom from the Black Sea: Morphological Observations and Revised Description with Biochemical Composition The species <i>Halamphora kolbei</i> is a rarely reported diatom, and information on its distribution and characteristics is limited. The original taxonomic description of this species is inaccurate and insufficient for identification, as the available literature contains scarce and scattered data. In the present study, we summarised the available data on this species and provided a detailed description of the strain isolated from Sevastopol Bay of the Black Sea. Findings from a phylogenetic analysis of two genes, 18S rRNA and <i>rbc</i>L, are presented. The process of isolation, identification and establishment of a monoculture of the <i>H. kolbei</i> is described in detail. In addition, the productivity and biochemical characteristics were evaluated to assess the biotechnological potential of the strain. The growth rate, biomass productivity and protein, carbohydrate, lipid and fatty acid composition of this species were determined in this study, under controlled conditions. The high content of C14-C16 acids in <i>H. kolbei</i> has been revealed to make it a promising source of eicosapentaenoic acid. The detailed description of the species, its photographs and phylogeny, as well as additional morphological keys presented in the paper, will enable scientists around the world to study this species as a promising biological resource. Diatom ; Phylogenetic tree ; Productivity ; Composition (language) ; Biomass (ecology) ; Compositional data ; Phylogenetics ; Identification (biology) Diatoms and Algae Research ; Algal biology and biofuel production ; Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
Authors: G. Ruby | P. Bhavani
Source: Asian Journal of Chemistry (article, 2026-04-08)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Synthesis of Fluorescent N,P doped Carbon Quantum Dots Based Test Strip for Onsite Detection of Tartrazine and Ascorbic Acid Tartrazine and ascorbic acid are the prevalent food additives whose excessive use may lead to health complications, including allergies, behavioural alterations and oxidative stress. Expeditious, economical and dependable detection technologies are crucial for ensuring food safety and safeguarding customers. In this work, nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon quantum dots (N,P-CQDs) were easily synthesized in one step via hydrothermal treatment of citric acid and ammonium phosphate. The fluorescent N,P-CQDs were immobilized on Whatman filter paper to create portable test strips for detecting tartrazine and ascorbic acid. Fluorescence quenching under UV light, due to photoinduced electron transfer and complex formation, enabled sensitive, selective and rapid detection within 3 min. The strips are stable, reusable and user-friendly, offering a practical approach for on-site beverage screening without complex instruments. Ascorbic acid ; Tartrazine ; Fluorescence ; Citric acid ; Carbon quantum dots ; Quenching (fluorescence) ; Carbon fibers ; Food additive Dye analysis and toxicity ; Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications ; Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
Authors: Ovidio Catanzano | Irene Bonadies | Clara Gamba | Michele Guida | Gennaro Roberto Abbamondi | Giuseppina Tommonaro | Hossam Ahmed | Fabiana Quaglia | Joshua S. Boateng
Source: Biomaterials Advances (article, 2026-02-20)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Core-shell nanofibers integrating growth factor-loaded nanoparticles for spatio-temporal delivery in chronic wound healing Nanofiber ; Polyvinylpyrrolidone ; Biocompatibility ; Electrospinning ; Wound healing ; Drug delivery ; Polyvinyl alcohol Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications ; Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications ; Wound Healing and Treatments
Authors: Dirk Broßell | Asmus Meyer-Plath | Oliver Gräb | Elisabeth Heunisch | Kerstin Kämpf | Andrea Haase | Martin Wiemann
Source: Particle and Fibre Toxicology (article, 2026-03-18)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Macrophages bend long fibres with flexural rigidity lower than 3 mN·nm2 to avoid frustrated phagocytosis A macrophage was observed bending an exceptionally long fibre (~ 140 μm) first into an arc and then a spiral for full internalization, initiated by a pseudopod extending along the fibre and buckling the internalized segment. Our model can reproduce such behaviour. It yielded a flexural rigidity of 20 mN·nm² for this fibre. Predicted critical rigidity limits for fibres that just fit into NR8383 macrophages range from 3 to 62 mN·nm². Using the conservative lower bound, long and biodurable fibres with a rigidity lower than 3 mN·nm² are expected to be readily phagocytized by this cell line. Although this rigidity scale may not be directly translatable to human alveolar macrophages, our experimental findings and their modeling emphasize the key role of rigidity in fibre-cell interactions. Fibre rigidity is therefore central for material safety aspects and sustainable product design. Flexural rigidity ; Rigidity (electromagnetism) ; Cytoskeleton ; Flexural strength ; Protein filament ; Alveolar macrophage ; Buckling ; Bent molecular geometry Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications ; Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
Authors: Flavia Ferlisi | David Ranucci | Raffaella Branciari | Katia Cappelli | Giuseppe Giglia | Luca Mechelli | Federica Mannelli | Samanta Mecocci | Gabriele Acuti | Ioannis Mourtzinos | Anastasia Kyriakoudi | Martina Crociati | Jiayong Tang | Erminio Trevisi | Massimo Trabalza-Marinucci
Source: Frontiers in Veterinary Science (article, 2026-02-24)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Effects of dietary supplementation with an olive mill wastewater phenolic extract on the growth performance, oxidative status, and meat quality traits of finishing pigs Phenolic compounds from olive mill wastewater (OMWW) have a strong antioxidant capacity, so there is increasing interest in using them in feed for livestock, including pigs. This study tested the effects of dietary supplementation with a polyphenol extract from OMWW for female Landrace × Duroc heavy finishing pigs. There were three groups: the control diet (C group), the control diet supplemented with 74 ppm of OMWW polyphenols (P-LOW group), and the control diet supplemented with 225 ppm of OMWW polyphenols (P-HIGH group). Each experimental group comprised 45 pigs (<i>n</i> = 15 × 3 replicates), for a total of 135 pigs. The effects of the phenolic extract were assessed <i>in vivo</i> (growth performance) and postmortem (backfat thickness; pubertal status; histopathology of the liver, ovary, uterus, fat, and muscle; morphometry of the liver, ovary, and uterus; antioxidant status in the blood, muscle, and liver; effects on the quality and physicochemical characteristics of the raw meat). There were no significant differences between the treatments regarding the growth performance traits, histopathological and morphometric findings, and backfat thickness. However, there was an increase in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity in the liver of the P-HIGH group, alongside higher serum paraoxonase activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Meat quality analysis showed that cooking loss and redness (a*) decreased, while yellowness (b*) increased in the P-LOW and P-HIGH groups, indicating that OMWW polyphenols influenced the structure and water retention capacity of the meat. Additional research is required to better understand the role of dietary OMWW polyphenols in relation to the technological quality and antioxidant state of pork meat. Polyphenol ; Antioxidant ; Wastewater ; Phenols ; Oxidative stress ; Hydroxytyrosol Edible Oils Quality and Analysis ; Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities ; Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
Authors: P.C.E. van Kesteren | D. van Berlo | D. Bard | O. Butler | S. Dekkers | N. Hadrup | Lovén, K., | M. Riediker | R.P.F. Schins | C. van Thriel | U. Vogel | I. Gosens
Source: TNO Repository (article, 2026-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Health-based nanomaterial guidance value (HNGV) for occupational exposure to spheroidal biodurable engineered nanomaterials of relatively low substance-specific toxicity Exposure to engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) at the workplace can adversely affect human health via inhalation. Occupational exposure limits (OELs) for specific ENMs remain scarce due to a lack of nano-specific data and consensus on the most appropriate dose metric for exposure assessment. In 2022, recommendations were provided on how to derive Health-based Nano Reference Values (HNRVs) for different categories of ENMs. Here, we have updated these recommendations based on new insights and information and changed the name into Health-based Nanomaterial Guidance Values (HNGVs) to distinguish from existing pragmatic Nano Reference Values. Using expert consultation, we derived a general HNGV for spheroidal biodurable ENMs with relatively low substance-specific toxicity. Benchmark ENMs were selected based on criteria such as low dissolution rate in physiologically relevant media and absence of substance-specific toxicity. For these ENMs, several human health endpoints were evaluated and pulmonary inflammation was selected as the critical effect. Persistent inflammation is considered an important driver for chronic adverse effects and keeping exposures below levels causing neutrophil influx is expected to protect against effects such as ENM-induced lung fibrosis and lung cancer. Subsequently, no-observed-adverse-effect-concentrations (NOAECs) or lowest-observed-adverse-effect-concentrations (LOAECs) were derived from high quality in vivo studies to provide a range of Derived No Effect Levels (DNELs). Based on these DNELs, we recommend an HNGV value of 4 μg/m3 averaged over an 8-h workshift. This HNGV can be practically assessed at the workplace for ENMs that have a clear chemical signature such as metal-based ENMs. Occupational exposure ; Occupational exposure limit ; Human health ; Metric (unit) ; Exposure assessment ; Nanomaterials ; Lung fibrosis ; Risk assessment ; Human lung Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; Air Quality and Health Impacts ; Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
Authors: Safa H. Qahl | Fatimah A. Alqahtani | Haleema AlNahari | Fawzyah A. Alghamdi | Fatimah H. Khouja | Amna H. Khouja
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology (article, 2026-01-08)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Erythrosine-induced hepatic biomarkers and histopathological changes in male rats: protective effects of lycopene and anthocyanin This study aimed to explore and reassess the safety and efficacy of the synthetic food dye erythrosine (ERY) with respect to the hepatic biomarkers and histological changes in male adult rats as well as possibly alleviate the effects of ERY through administration of lycopene (LYC) and anthocyanin (ANC). Sixty adult male rats were randomly distributed into six experimental groups as follows: control, LYC (5 mg/kg), ANC (200 mg/kg), ERY (20 mg/kg), ERY + LYC, and ERY + ANC. After 3 and 6 weeks of treatment, ERY (20 mg/kg) produced marked biochemical and hepatic injuries. ERY significantly reduced the total protein (from 6.93 g/dL in control to 5.33 g/dL) and albumin (from 2.65 to 1.77 g/dL, <i>p</i> < 0.050), whereas LYC and ANC co-administration improved these values compared to ERY alone (<i>p</i> < 0.050). ERY was also found to elevate the total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) values relative to the control, whereas both LYC and ANC lowered LDL and TG levels compared to the ERY-treated rats. The liver injury markers were strongly increased by ERY, with alanine transaminase (ALT) increasing from 14.00 to 23.95 U/L, aspartate transaminase (AST) increasing from 41.54 to 52.90 U/L, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) increasing from 6.24 to 8.64 U/L. Cotreatment with LYC or ANC was seen to significantly reduce ALT, AST, and GGT (<i>p</i> < 0.050). The total bilirubin increased significantly in the ERY group but was restored to near-control levels with both LYC and ANC. Histologically, ERY produced moderate-to-severe focal hepatic degeneration, including hepatocyte cytoplasmic vacuolation (score 2-3), nuclear chromatin clumping (score 2), focal necrosis (score 2), and leukocytic infiltration (score 2-3); LYC and ANC markedly ameliorated these lesions, reducing the pathological scores to 0-1, while restoring the hepatic cords, sinusoids, and nuclear morphology to near-normal or normal appearance by week 6. Collectively, ERY impacted the hepatic chemistry and functionality with considerable effect on the histological appearance of the hepatic tissues in rats, while ANC and LYC resourcefully attenuated these adverse effects. Lycopene ; Alanine transaminase ; Aspartate transaminase ; Hepatocyte ; Steatosis ; Albumin ; Bilirubin ; Anthocyanin ; Alanine aminotransferase Dye analysis and toxicity ; Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress ; Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
Authors: Maria Luiza Marques Rapold Souza | Marcus Vinicius Badaró de Oliveira Ribeiro | Adriano Puglia Lima | Pollyana da Silva Melo
Source: Journal of Bioengineering, Technologies and Health (article, 2026-02-25)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Textile Waste in Civil Construction: A Systematic Review of Applications and Benefits This work is a systematic review based on the PRISMA protocol, used to evaluate the use of polymeric materials with textile waste in civil construction. The research was conducted using a search strategy across three databases (Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect), with a focus on studies published within the last 5 years. The keywords used in these searches were: “Composites AND Architecture AND textile waste.” Subsequently, screening and exclusion criteria were established and applied to the group of articles to organize and select the most relevant ones according to the theme. At the end of the analysis of the selected articles, a comparison was made regarding the uses and trends of recycled textile material as a basis for new technologies aimed at greater sustainability in civil construction. Textile ; Work (physics) ; Sustainability ; Systematic review ; Waste material Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Recycled Aggregate Concrete Performance ; Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production
Authors: Ms.Surabhi. K S | Venkatesa Palanichamy N | Rohini A | Kalpana M | Murugananthi D | Parimalarangan R
Source: Madras Agricultural Journal (article, 2026-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Factors Influencing Farmers’ Adoption of IPM Technology Developed by TNAU for Coconut Whitefly Management The coconut rugose spiraling whitefly (Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin) has developed as a major pest of coconut production in southern India, leading to extensive reliance on chemical pesticides and raising environmental concerns. To address this issue, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU) developed an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) technique for long-term whitefly management. The current study aimed to determine the factors influencing farmers' adoption of IPM technology in the Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu. A descriptive research approach was adopted, and data were collected from 180 coconut farmers using a structured interview schedule. The results identified three key factors influencing adoption: perceived benefits, institutional support, and socio-economic influence, which together explain 71.85 per cent of the total variance. The findings highlight that visible pest reduction, improved yield, reduced manual spraying, strong extension support, and peer influence play a crucial role in promoting IPM adoption. Whitefly ; Tamil ; Integrated pest management ; Agriculture ; PEST analysis ; Pesticide ; Pest control Coconut Research and Applications ; Insect behavior and control techniques ; Date Palm Research Studies