jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Haiqing Jiang | Cuihua Dai | Bo Shen | Jun Jiang
Source: Nanomaterials (article, 2024-06-14)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

High-Performance LiNbO3 Domain Wall Memory Devices with Enhanced Selectivity via Optimized Metal–Semiconductor Contact Lithium niobate (LiNbO<sub>3</sub>) single-crystal nanodevices featuring elevated readout domain wall currents exhibit significant potential for integrated circuits in memory computing applications. Nevertheless, challenges stem from suboptimal electrode-LiNbO<sub>3</sub> single crystal contact characteristics, which impact the stability of high currents within these devices. In this work, we concentrate on augmenting the domain wall current by refining the fabrication processes of domain wall random access memory (DWRAM). Each LiNbO<sub>3</sub> domain wall nanodevice was fabricated using a self-aligned process. Device performance was significantly enhanced by introducing a 10 nm interlayer between the LiNbO<sub>3</sub> and Cu electrodes. A comparative analysis of electrical properties was conducted on devices with interlayers made of chromium (Cr) and titanium (Ti), as well as devices without interlayers. After the introduction of the Ti interlayer, the device's coercive voltage demonstrated an 82% reduction, while the current density showed a remarkable 94-fold increase. A 100 nm sized device with the Ti interlayer underwent positive down-negative up pulse testing, demonstrating a writing time of 82 ns at 8 V and an erasing time of 12 μs at -9 V. These operating speeds are significantly faster than those of devices without interlayers. Moreover, the enhanced devices exhibited symmetrical domain switching hysteresis loops with retention times exceeding 10<sup>6</sup> s. Notably, the coercive voltage (<i>V</i><sub>c</sub>) dispersion remained narrow after more than 1000 switching cycles. At an elevated temperature of 400 K, the device's on/off ratio was maintained at 10<sup>5</sup>. The device's embedded selector demonstrated an ultrahigh selectivity (>10<sup>6</sup>) across various reading voltages. These results underscore the viability of high-density nanoscale integration of ferroelectric domain wall memory. Materials science ; Electrode ; Optoelectronics ; Hysteresis ; Lithium niobate ; Fabrication ; Voltage ; Coercivity ; Non-volatile memory ; Electrical engineering Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials ; Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies ; Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics
Authors: Zhiyong Wu | Jiacheng Luo | Luyang Li | Qingshu Dong | Xiaohui Zhang | Zili Li | Yadong Liu | Shengxiang Ji | Weihua Li | Yan Zhang | Shisheng Xiong
Source: iScience (article, 2024-03-04)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Manipulating the processing window of directed self-assembly in contact hole shrinking with binary block copolymer/homopolymer blending Directed self-assembly (DSA) lithography has demonstrated significant potential in fabricating integrated circuits. However, DSA encounters limited processing windows due to the requirement for precise matching between the period of block copolymers (BCPs) and graphoepitaxy templates. We propose a binary BCP/homopolymer blending strategy to manipulate the self-assembly behavior and the processing window of graphoepitaxy DSA in contact hole shrinking. By carefully tailoring the blending rates of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with different molecular weights in cylindrical polystyrene-<i>b</i>-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-<i>b</i>-PMMA), we manipulate the period and morphology of BCP/homopolymer self-assembly. Specifically, we employ BCP/homopolymer blending to fine-tune the critical dimension (CD) of contact holes with PS-affined topographical templates. Subsequent pattern transferring is achieved by selectively etching defect-free shrinkable cylinders as hard masks. Furthermore, self-consistent field theory (SCFT) simulation was employed to explore the self-assembly of BCP/homopolymer blending in confined cylindrical space and the results were in good consistency with the experimental results. Copolymer ; Self-assembly ; Binary number ; Window (computing) ; Nanotechnology ; Block (permutation group theory) ; Materials science ; Polymer science ; Polymer chemistry ; Chemistry ; Computer science ; Organic chemistry ; Polymer ; Mathematics Block Copolymer Self-Assembly ; Nanofabrication and Lithography Techniques ; Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications
Authors: Matthew E. Warnes | Martin A. Fascione
Source: Chemistry - A European Journal (review, 2024-03-19)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Bimodal Glycosyl Donors as an Emerging Approach Towards a General Glycosylation Strategy Organic synthesis provides an accessible route to preparative scale biological glycans, although schemes to access these complex structures are often complicated by preparation of multiple monosaccharide building blocks. Bimodal glycosyl donors capable of forming both α- and β-anomers selectively, are an emerging tactic to reduce the required number of individual synthetic components in glycan construction. This review discusses examples of bimodal donors in the literature, and how they achieve their stereocontrol for both anomers. Notable examples include a bespoke O-2 benzyl protecting group, a strained glycal for reaction using organometallic catalysis, and a simple perbenzylated donor optimised for stereoselective glycosylation through extensive reaction tuning. Glycosylation ; Glycosyl ; Glycosyl donor ; Chemistry ; Computer science ; Stereochemistry ; Biochemistry Carbohydrate Chemistry and Synthesis ; Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research ; Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Authors: Michael Dawoud | Iman Taha
Source: Polymers (article, 2024-08-14)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Effects of Contamination with Selected Polymers on the Mechanical Properties of Post-Industrial Recycled Polypropylene The effect of contamination of polypropylene (PP) with selected polymers is studied to simulate the effect of mis-sorting in recycling streams. Polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and polylactic acid (PLA) were compounded with PP at different concentrations varying between 3 and 10%. Infrared spectroscopy proved the absence of chemical bonds between the constituents. Generally, melt flowability, except for the PP/PLA blend, and crystallinity were only slightly affected by the incorporation of the contaminating polymers. Samples of the polymer blends were injection moulded and further tested for their tensile and impact properties. Critical behaviour was induced by the introduction of a weld line as a result of the application of multiple gating points during injection moulding. Results generally show the applicability of PP mixtures within the investigated range of contamination, without much sacrifice in mechanical performance. However, in the case of ABS and PLA, more care should be taken when designing complex parts with weld lines, due to reduced toughness. Polypropylene ; Materials science ; Polymer ; Polycarbonate ; Composite material ; Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Polystyrene ; Crystallinity ; Izod impact strength test ; Injection moulding ; Polylactic acid ; Toughness ; Polyethylene Polymer crystallization and properties ; biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties ; Recycling and Waste Management Techniques
Authors: Nicolau López‐Pintó | Christopher Jensen | Zhijie Chen | Zhengwei Tan | Zheng Ma | Maciej Oskar Liedke | Maik Butterling | A. Wagner | Javier Herrero‐Martín | Enric Menéndez | J. Nogués | Kai Liu | Jordi Sort
Source: Advanced Functional Materials (article, 2024-05-13)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Room‐Temperature Solid‐State Nitrogen‐Based Magneto‐Ionics in Co <sub>x</sub> Mn <sub>1−x</sub> N Films Abstract The increasing energy demand in information technologies requires novel low‐power procedures to store and process data. Magnetic materials, central to these technologies, are usually controlled through magnetic fields or spin‐polarized currents that are prone to the Joule heating effect. Magneto‐ionics is a unique energy‐efficient strategy to control magnetism that can induce large non‐volatile modulation of magnetization, coercivity and other properties through voltage‐driven ionic motion. Recent studies have shown promising magneto‐ionic effects using nitrogen ions. However, either liquid electrolytes or prior annealing procedures are necessary to induce the desired N‐ion motion. In this work, magneto‐ionic effects are voltage‐triggered at room temperature in solid state systems of Co x Mn 1‐ x N films, without the need of thermal annealing. Upon gating, a rearrangement of nitrogen ions in the layers is observed, leading to changes in the co‐existing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases, which result in substantial increase of magnetization at room temperature and modulation of the exchange bias effect at low temperatures. A detailed correlation between the structural and magnetic evolution of the system upon voltage actuation is provided. The obtained results offer promising new avenues for the utilization of nitride compounds in energy‐efficient spintronic and other memory devices. Materials science ; Nitrogen ; Solid-state ; Magneto ; State (computer science) ; Solid solution ; Condensed matter physics ; Chemical engineering ; Nanotechnology ; Engineering physics ; Physical chemistry ; Metallurgy ; Combustion Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides ; Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials ; Advanced Memory and Neural Computing
Authors: Jeffrey S. S. K. Formen | Christian Wolf
Source: Organic Letters (article, 2024-09-04)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Optical Enantiodifferentiation of Chiral Nitriles Chiroptical sensing of nitriles is achieved with excellent functional group tolerance by hydrozirconation and subsequent transmetalation of the corresponding iminate to a chromophoric palladium complex. A one-pot workflow that uses the Schwartz reagent and [(η<sup>3</sup>-1-<i>tert</i>-butylindenyl)(μ-Cl)Pd]<sub>2</sub> as sensor generates a palladium complex displaying red-shifted CD inductions and characteristic UV changes. These chiroptical responses are accurately correlated to the enantiomeric ratio and total concentration of the original nitrile. Transmetalation ; Chemistry ; Reagent ; Palladium ; Workflow ; Functional group ; Combinatorial chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Catalysis ; Database ; Computer science Molecular spectroscopy and chirality ; Axial and Atropisomeric Chirality Synthesis ; Asymmetric Synthesis and Catalysis
Authors: Aris Budi Sulistyo | Willy Artha Wirawan | Mukhlis Muslimin
Source: EUREKA Physics and Engineering (article, 2024-01-31)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Evaluation of mechanical and morphological properties composite of Agel Leaf Fiber (ALF)-epoxy modified with carbon powder This research focuses on the successful development of Agel Leaf Fiber (ALF)-Epoxy composites added with Carbon Active Powder (CAP) and printed using the Vacuum Pressure Infusion (VAPRI) method. Considering the importance of determining the mechanical properties of composites as raw materials for making fishing boats, this research aims to determine the use of Agel Leaf Fiber (ALF) in polymer matrix composites. The composite morphology was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and ImageJ software. The mechanical properties evaluated included Tensile Strength, Flexural Strength, and Hardness. The composite was prepared by incorporating CAP in varying volumes of 0 %, 10 %, and 30 % with a fixed ALF percentage of 40 %. The results showed that the addition of CAP significantly increased the tensile strength to 128.51 MPa, with 0.068 % elongation, 1787.39 MPa modulus of elasticity, and a hardness value of 75.2 HD. Furthermore, the addition of 10 % carbon exhibited a remarkable improvement in flexural strength, reaching 238.51 MPa. This improvement could be attributed to reduced porosity, resulting in enhanced bonding between ALF-CAP-Epoxy components. The flexural strength of the composite with the highest CAP content experienced a significant increase of 238.51 MPa. Thus, Agel leaf fiber has the potential to be used as a reinforcing material in the manufacture of composites and is applied in the manufacture of environmentally friendly fishing boat bodies Epoxy ; Composite number ; Materials science ; Composite material ; Fiber ; Composite epoxy material ; Carbon fibers Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Mechanical Engineering and Vibrations Research ; Tribology and Wear Analysis
Authors: K. Zheng | Jingxiao Zhong | Jingrui Hu | Eve Nebbiolo | Juan Sánchez-Weatherby | Tengteng Tang | William J. Landis | Junning Chen | Peter Winlove | Benjamin E. Sherlock | J. S. Bell
Source: Interface Focus (article, 2024-06-07)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Effects of mineralization on the hierarchical organization of collagen—a synchrotron X-ray scattering and polarized second harmonic generation study The process of mineralization fundamentally alters collagenous tissue biomechanics. While the structure and organization of mineral particles have been widely studied, the impact of mineralization on collagen matrix structure, particularly at the molecular scale, requires further investigation. In this study, synchrotron X-ray scattering (XRD) and polarization-resolved second harmonic generation microscopy (pSHG) were used to study normally mineralizing turkey leg tendon in tissue zones representing different stages of mineralization. XRD data demonstrated statistically significant differences in collagen D-period, intermolecular spacing, fibril and molecular dispersion and relative supramolecular twists between non-mineralizing, early mineralizing and late mineralizing zones. pSHG analysis of the same tendon zones showed the degree of collagen fibril organization was significantly greater in early and late mineralizing zones compared to non-mineralizing zones. The combination of XRD and pSHG data provide new insights into hierarchical collagen-mineral interactions, notably concerning possible cleavage of intra- or interfibrillar bonds, occlusion and reorganization of collagen by mineral with time. The complementary application of XRD and fast, label-free and non-destructive pSHG optical measurements presents a pathway for future investigations into the dynamics of molecular scale changes in collagen in the presence of increasing mineral deposition. Mineralization (soil science) ; Synchrotron ; Mineralized tissues ; Collagen fibril ; Chemistry ; Biomineralization ; Collagen fibres ; Biophysics ; Tendon ; Crystallography ; Ionic bonding ; Materials science ; Mineralogy ; Anatomy ; Geology ; Dentin ; Ion ; Composite material ; Optics ; Biology ; Physics Collagen: Extraction and Characterization ; Tendon Structure and Treatment ; Meat and Animal Product Quality
Authors: Gregorio Pisaneschi | Tommaso Maria Brugo | Paolo Cosseddu | Giulia Scalet | Andrea Zucchelli
Source: Composites Part B Engineering (article, 2024-08-23)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Enhanced interface adhesion in shape memory alloy hybrid composites via an elastomeric interface: An experimental and numerical investigation Shape Memory Alloy Hybrid Composites (SMAHCs) hold great promise for different applications. However, the interface between SMAs and the matrix presents challenges due to large strains associated with the martensitic transformations (MTs). Although different strategies have been proven effective in increasing interfacial strength, debonding and its prevention remain unresolved. Therefore, to enable MTs in SMAHCs, this paper proposes a novel solution using a rubber-like elastomeric interface. Pull-out SMAHC specimens were tested at different embedding lengths with and without the elastomeric interface. Specimens with the elastomeric interface showed better performance and stress-strain transfer during MT up to SMA wire breakage. The behaviour of the interface was studied using finite element analysis. A fine-tuning method was proposed for the cohesive zone model parameters. Simulated pull-out tests matched experimental data, revealing the debonding mechanisms. However, results with the elastomer underscored the need to fully represent the underlying physics of the highly deformable interface. • A simple and effective method for embedding SMA wires in composites was developed. • Pull-out tests reveal the effects of embedding length and interface type on SMAHCs. • The elastomeric interlayer enhances adhesion through stress redistribution. • A systematic procedure to define CZM parameters for SMAHC interface is proposed. • A morphing SMAHC with the elastomeric interface was successfully activated. Materials science ; Shape-memory alloy ; Composite material ; Elastomer ; Alloy ; Diffusionless transformation ; Interface (matter) ; Transformation (genetics) ; Martensite ; Microstructure ; Wetting Shape Memory Alloy Transformations ; Polymer composites and self-healing ; Composite Structure Analysis and Optimization
Authors: Peng Cheng | C. Xu | Wei Hu
Source: Chinese Optics Letters (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Smart beam via electrically addressing the dye-doped and polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals Smart beams play a vital role in modern intelligent vehicles and have recently attracted significant attention.A spatial light modulator with high optical efficiency, low cost, and compact size is crucial for designing smart beams.Here, we mix cholesteric liquid crystals with dichroic black dye and a monomer.After UV polymerization, the sample exhibits a low driving voltage of 26 V, a high transmittance of over 70%, and an On-off ratio over 280, thanks to the joint contribution of both the absorption and the scattering effect.A smart beam device is demonstrated by electrically addressing the dye-doped and polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal with pixelated electrodes.Light patterns with arbitrary designs are projected dynamically.The switching time reaches several tens of milliseconds.This strategy brings new designs to intelligent vehicles and may also inspire applications in public information displays, advertising, and even AR/VR displays. Materials science ; Transmittance ; Liquid crystal ; Optoelectronics ; Optics ; Dichroic glass ; Cholesteric liquid crystal ; Absorption (acoustics) ; Beam (structure) ; Doping ; Beam steering ; Polymer ; Scattering ; Smart material ; Polymerization ; Nanotechnology ; Composite material Liquid Crystal Research Advancements ; Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices ; Photonic Crystals and Applications
Authors: Erhan Ozkan
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2024-04-27)
Field: Materials Science — Metals and Alloys

Mechanical shock test simulation analysis of butterfly valves developed for the naval defense industry and evaluation of real test and production data The main purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanical shock behavior and develop the shock resistance of widely preferred butterfly valves for navy defense industries by handling the real test results with computer aided design and simulation programs. The 2D and 3D drawings were realized by using solid modeling and design programs. Mechanical analyzes to determine the mechanical strength of the specimens were carried out with the finite element analysis method by using structural simulation program. Mechanical shock test simulations were carried out by with shock response spectrum analysis. Solidification, filling-time-temperature analyzes, and simulation studies of inner stresses caused by micro and macro shrinkages were performed by using the casting simulation program. Comparisons of virtual tests simulated in computer environment with real tests were done in shock test setup. Products made of bronze were preferred due to the high corrosion resistance and the desire to be a useful research article that can respond to common applications in the defense industry. Virtual shock test simulation and real shock tests were performed according to the MIL STD 810 standard. The shock test results observations showed that by revising the design with a safety factor of 18% on the specimen, it was ensured that the product could pass the mechanical shock test even at an acceleration of 4000 m/s<sup>2</sup>. Then material become safe to use. With the use of a three-way feeder in the production of the reinforced design the difference in net weight from 19% has been reduced to 12%, while the production time has been improved by 22%. Shock (circulatory) ; Navy ; Test (biology) ; Finite element method ; Structural engineering ; Mechanical engineering ; Shock absorber ; Simulation ; Computer science ; Engineering ; Geology Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals ; Metal Alloys Wear and Properties ; Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels
Authors: Anis Bouzidi | Erik Elkaı̈m | Vivian Nassif | Claudia Zlotea
Source: Hydrogen (article, 2024-02-18)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Effect of Cr/Mn Addition in TiVNb on Hydrogen Sorption Properties: Thermodynamics and Phase Transition Study High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are a promising class of materials that can grant remarkable functional performances for a large range of applications due to their highly tunable composition. Among these applications, recently, bcc HEAs capable of forming fcc hydrides have been proposed as high-capacity hydrogen storage materials with improved thermodynamics compared to classical metal hydrides. In this context, a single-phase bcc (TiVNb)0.90Cr0.05Mn0.05 HEA was prepared by arc melting to evaluate the effect of combined Cr/Mn addition in the ternary TiVNb. A thermodynamic destabilization of the fcc hydride phase was found in the HEA compared to the initial TiVNb. In situ neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments put forward a fcc → bcc phase transition of the metallic subnetwork in the temperature range of 260–350 °C, whereas the H/D subnetwork underwent an order → disorder transition at 180 °C. The absorption/desorption cycling demonstrated very fast absorption kinetics at room temperature in less than 1 min with a remarkable total capacity (2.8 wt.%) without phase segregation. Therefore, the design strategy consisting of small additions of non-hydride-forming elements into refractory HEAs allows for materials with promising properties for solid-state hydrogen storage to be obtained. Hydrogen storage ; Hydride ; Materials science ; Thermodynamics ; Intermetallic ; Hydrogen ; Desorption ; Phase (matter) ; Neutron diffraction ; Alloy ; Physical chemistry ; Metal ; Chemistry ; Crystal structure ; Metallurgy ; Crystallography Hydrogen Storage and Materials ; High Entropy Alloys Studies ; Nuclear Materials and Properties