jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Chenang Liu | Ankur Kapoor | Joshua VanOsdol | Kalyani Ektate | Zhenyu Kong | Ashish Ranjan
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2018-07-24)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

A Spectral Fiedler Field-based Contrast Platform for Imaging of Nanoparticles in Colon Tumor The temporal and spatial patterns of nanoparticle that ferry both imaging and therapeutic agent in solid tumors is significantly influenced by target tissue movement, low spatial resolution, and inability to accurately define regions of interest (ROI) at certain tissue depths. These combine to limit and define nanoparticle untreated regions in tumors. Utilizing graph and matrix theories, the objective of this project was to develop a novel spectral Fiedler field (SFF) based-computational technology for nanoparticle mapping in tumors. The novelty of SFF lies in the utilization of the changes in the tumor topology from baseline for contrast variation assessment. Data suggest that SFF can enhance the spatiotemporal contrast compared to conventional method by 2-3 folds in tumors. Additionally, the SFF contrast is readily translatable for assessment of tumor drug distribution. Thus, our SFF computational platform has the potential for integration into devices that allow contrast and drug delivery applications. Contrast (vision) ; Computer science ; Novelty ; Nanoparticle ; Artificial intelligence ; Biomedical engineering ; Materials science ; Medicine ; Nanotechnology Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Authors: Vijayendran Gowri | K. R. Valluvan | V. Vijaya Chamundeeswari
Source: Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (article, 2018-11-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Automated Detection and Classification of Microcalcification Clusters with Enhanced Preprocessing and Fractal Analysis This paper addresses the automated detection of microcalcification clusters from mammogram images by enhanced preprocessing operations on digital mammograms for automated extraction of breast tissue from background, removing artefacts occurring during image registration using X-rays, followed by fractal analysis of suspicious regions. Identification of breast of either left or right and realigning them to a standard position forms a primitive step in preprocessing of mammograms. As the next step in the process, pectoral muscles are separated. Suspicious regions of microcalcifications are identified and are subjected to further analysis of classifying it as benign or malignant. Texture features are representative of its malignancy and fractal analysis was carried out on extracted suspicious regions for its texture features. Principal Component Analysis was carried out to extract optimal features. Ten features were found to be an optimal number of reduced texture features without compromising on classification accuracy. Scaled conjugate Gradient Back propagation network was used for classification using reduced texture features obtained from PCA analysis. By varying hidden layer neurons, accuracy of results achieved by proposed methods is analysed and is calculated to reach maximum accuracy with an optimal level of 15 neurons. Accuracy of 96.3% was achieved with 10 fractal features as input to neural network and 15 hidden layer neurons in neural network designed. The design of architecture is finalised with maximised accuracy for labelling microcalcification clusters as benign or malignant. Preprocessor ; Microcalcification ; Fractal analysis ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Computer science ; Fractal ; Artificial intelligence ; Fractal dimension ; Data mining ; Mathematics ; Mammography ; Medicine Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Medical Image Segmentation Techniques ; Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques
Authors: H Balamurugan. | Swarna Venkatesh
Source: International Journal of Engineering & Technology (review, 2018-09-17)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A review on deterministic and stochastic models for electrical treeing initiation and propagation in solid insulation systems from the perspective of prediction assessment techniques Electrical treeing is a challenging prospect related to degradation mechanism in dielectrics that eventually leads to its breakdown. Treeing propagation depends on dielectric and electrode configuration thus leading to types such as branch, filamentary, bush etc. Though researchers have attempted a gamut of studies related to treeing, it is evident that appropriate choice of prognostic model is essential for prediction of ageing of insulation that emulate features such as dendrite length, channel width, space charge etc. Although studies related to treeing modeling have taken up depictions such as Diffusion Limited Aggregation, Field Limiting Space Charge etc. to obtain estimates of electric potential based on boundary value equations (Laplace and Poisson) utilizing tools such as Fractal Analysis, Cellular Automata etc., challenges such as space charge, inhomogeneity factor etc. continue to confront researchers. This research gives a detailed insight into a wide spectrum of studies related to treeing and ageing prediction assessment of insulation based on physical, electrical, numerical and analytical models developed thus far. This study also summarizes succinctly, the merits and limitations in each method and avenues for improvement. Finally, this research gives clues into important future opportunities related to methodologies for development pertaining to treeing prediction and ageing assessment. Electrical treeing ; Space charge ; Materials science ; Cellular automaton ; Computer science ; Partial discharge ; Engineering ; Electrical engineering ; Algorithm ; Physics ; Voltage ; Electron High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation
Authors: Masoud Salehi Borujeni | Mostafa Ghaderi‐Zefrehei | Farzan Ghanegolmohammadi | Saeid Ansari Mahyari
Source: Iranian Journal of Biotechnology (article, 2018-05-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

A Novel LSSVM Based Algorithm to Increase Accuracy of Bacterial Growth Modeling Application of the NSGA-II-LSSVM hybrid algorithm to predict precise values of '<i>c</i>' and '<i>σ</i>' parameters in the bacterial growth modeling resulted in a better growth prediction. In fact, the power of NSGA-II for estimating optimal coefficients led to a better disclosure of the predictive potential of the LSSVM. Computer science ; Algorithm ; Artificial intelligence Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Grey System Theory Applications ; Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety
Authors: Pengcheng Wei | Jiaojiao Jiang | Li Li
Source: EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing (article, 2018-10-30)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

The application of image analysis technology in the extraction of human body feature parameters With the improvement of living standards, personalized clothing customization has become a trend of people’s apparel demand. The key factor in personalized clothing customization is a three-dimensional human modeling. With the development of image analysis technology, it is possible to use image analysis technology to extract human characteristics. In this paper, two-dimensional human feature regions and characteristic parameter extraction methods of images are used. The backpropagation neural network (BP neural network) is used to curve the three-dimensional human characteristics, and the neck, chest, waist, and buttocks of 22 subjects are verified. The results show that the use of this method can well achieve the extraction of human characteristic parameters. Artificial intelligence ; Artificial neural network ; Computer science ; Feature extraction ; Biometrics ; Backpropagation ; Clothing ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Computer vision ; Feature (linguistics) ; Image (mathematics) ; Personalization ; Buttocks Textile materials and evaluations ; Infrared Thermography in Medicine ; Color perception and design
Authors: Arely Guadalupe Sánchez-Méndez | Simón Pedro Arguijo-Hernández
Source: Research in Computing Science (article, 2018-12-31)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Análisis de imágenes multiespectrales para la detección de cultivos y detección de plagas y enfermedades en la producción de café Resumen. En la presente investigacin se muestra un mtodo para la deteccin de cultivos de caf y de presencia de plagas y enfermedades en la produccin de estos cultivos, utilizando imgenes multiespectrales del satlite Landsat 8. Como rea de estudio se considera la zona localizada entre las regiones cafetaleras Misantla y Coatepec, en el estado de Veracruz. En el desarrollo del mtodo se involucran los procesos de: pre-procesamiento de imgenes; interpretacin digital a travs de proceso de clasificacin supervisada, implementando el anlisis de componentes principales; muestreo en campo para entrenamiento y validacin y evaluacin de resultados. Para evaluar la precisin de estos datos se aplic una matriz de error, mostrando un valor aceptable en la precisin general. Esto permite considerar que el uso de imgenes Landsat por su resolucin espectral y radiomtrica es aceptable para el estudio del cultivo de caf segn lo observado en campo y lo obtenido en el procesamiento de la imagen, ya que genera informacin sobre reas cultivadas que apoyar Humanities ; Art Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
Authors: Sekerden Filiz
Source: Scientific Research and Essays (article, 2018-08-31)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

A study on comparison of air permeability properties of bamboo / cotton and cotton towels As a result of the literature review, it was observed that previous studies concentrated mainly on investigating the water absorption properties of towel fabrics, but limited studies analyzed air permeability properties of towel fabrics. The purpose of this study is to investigate the air permeability of bamboo / cotton and cotton towels produced with different pile heights and to analyze the effect and importance level of pile fiber type and pile height in these two types of towel fabrics. The paper presents an investigation of the air permeability ability of towel fabrics with respect to pile height and pile fiber type. Towel fabrics were produced under industrial conditions. 100% bamboo and 100% cotton yarns were used as pile yarns, while 100% cotton yarn was used as weft and ground warp yarn. The effect of pile fiber type and pile height on the air permeability properties of fabrics was compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The Design Expert 6.01 program was used for statistical analyses. It was found that air permeability of bamboo/cotton towel fabrics was higher than 100% cotton towel fabrics and the air permeability of both types of towels decreased as pile height increased. Key words: Bamboo, cotton, terry towel, air permeability, pile height. &nbsp; Air permeability specific surface ; Bamboo ; Pile ; Permeability (electromagnetism) ; Composite material ; Materials science ; Engineering ; Structural engineering ; Chemistry Textile materials and evaluations ; Bamboo properties and applications
Authors: Yves van Gennip
Source: Journal of Nonlinear Science (article, 2018-06-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

An MBO Scheme for Minimizing the Graph Ohta–Kawasaki Functional Abstract We study a graph-based version of the Ohta–Kawasaki functional, which was originally introduced in a continuum setting to model pattern formation in diblock copolymer melts and has been studied extensively as a paradigmatic example of a variational model for pattern formation. Graph-based problems inspired by partial differential equations (PDEs) and variational methods have been the subject of many recent papers in the mathematical literature, because of their applications in areas such as image processing and data classification. This paper extends the area of PDE inspired graph-based problems to pattern-forming models, while continuing in the tradition of recent papers in the field. We introduce a mass conserving Merriman–Bence–Osher (MBO) scheme for minimizing the graph Ohta–Kawasaki functional with a mass constraint. We present three main results: (1) the Lyapunov functionals associated with this MBO scheme $$\Gamma $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>Γ</mml:mi></mml:math> -converge to the Ohta–Kawasaki functional (which includes the standard graph-based MBO scheme and total variation as a special case); (2) there is a class of graphs on which the Ohta–Kawasaki MBO scheme corresponds to a standard MBO scheme on a transformed graph and for which generalized comparison principles hold; (3) this MBO scheme allows for the numerical computation of (approximate) minimizers of the graph Ohta–Kawasaki functional with a mass constraint. Graph ; Mathematics ; Applied mathematics ; Scheme (mathematics) ; Computer science ; Discrete mathematics ; Mathematical analysis Block Copolymer Self-Assembly ; Advanced Mathematical Modeling in Engineering ; Cellular Automata and Applications
Authors: Thomas Sandberg | Christian Weinberger | Jan‐Henrik Smått
Source: Molecules (article, 2018-08-10)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Molecular Dynamics on Wood-Derived Lignans Analyzed by Intermolecular Network Theory The dynamics of interactions to a solvent is a key factor in the proper characterization of new molecular structures. In molecular dynamics simulations, the solvent molecules are explicitly present, thereby defining a more accurate description on how the solvent molecules affect the molecular conformation. Intermolecular interactions in chemical systems, e.g., hydrogen bonds, can be considered as networks or graphs. Graph theoretical analyses can be an outstanding tool in analyzing the changes in interactions between solvent and solute. In this study, the software <i>ChemNetworks</i> is applied to interaction studies between TIP4P solvent molecules and organic solutes, i.e., wood-derived lignan-based ligands called LIGNOLs, thereby supporting the research of interaction networks between organic molecules and solvents. This new approach is established by careful comparisons to studies using previously available tools. In the hydration studies, tetramethyl 1,4-diol is found to be the LIGNOL which was most likely to form hydrogen bonds to the TIP4P solvent. Intermolecular force ; Molecular dynamics ; Hydrogen bond ; Solvent ; Molecule ; Chemistry ; Computational chemistry ; Chemical physics ; Solvent effects ; Intermolecular interaction ; Organic chemistry Free Radicals and Antioxidants ; Biochemical and biochemical processes ; Lignin and Wood Chemistry
Authors: Doi Hideo | Okuwaki Koji | Naito Takamitsu | Saitou Sona | Mochizuki Yuji
Source: Chem-Bio Informatics Journal (article, 2018-06-29)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

&lt;b&gt;A portable code for dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations with additional specific interactions&lt;/b&gt; We developed a portable code for dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations. This Fortran program named CAMUS has a couple of notable features. One is the omission of constructing the so-called neighboring particles list, providing a sizable speed-up per step and also a near linear scaling of costs with respect to the number of particles. The other is an easy inclusion of additional specific (such as 1-3 and 1-5 Morse bonding) interactions which are crucial in describing protein structures. The formations of α-helix and β-sheet through DPD were then demonstrated. CAMUS is freely available at the GitHub site. Code (set theory) ; Dissipative particle dynamics ; Dissipative system ; Morse code ; Fortran ; Scaling ; Particle dynamics Block Copolymer Self-Assembly ; Protein Structure and Dynamics ; Advanced Physical and Chemical Molecular Interactions
Authors: Naresh C. Osti | Eugene Mamontov | Luke L. Daemen | James F. Browning | Jong K. Keum | Hoi Chun Ho | Jihua Chen | Kunlun Hong | Souleymane Diallo
Source: Journal of Applied Polymer Science (article, 2018-12-12)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Side chain dynamics in semiconducting polymer MEH‐PPV ABSTRACT The characteristic nanoscale dynamics of the alkyl side groups in the light‐emitting polymer poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2′‐ethyl‐hexyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylene vinylene] have been investigated using quasi‐elastic neutron scattering (QENS). The measurements were taken below the polymer's glass transition ( T ≤ T g ≃ 353 K), where the main backbone is in a rigid state and does not contribute to the broadening of the QENS signal. An analytical diffusion model consisting of a static term and two dynamical components, characterizing the flexible side groups, provide an excellent fit to the experimental data. The two observed dynamical processes are all localized in character, with no meaningful dependence on temperature. The faster process, with characteristic timescale of ∼18 ps at room temperature (RT), can be linked to the average mobility of the terminal protons of the alkyl chain, while the slower process, with characteristic timescale of ∼170 ps at RT, to those protons at the other end of the alkyl chain, closest to the backbone. While the fraction of mobile protons contributing to the QENS signal increases with increasing temperature, the characteristic timescale and confining volume within which the protons are able to move locally depend chiefly on the polymer conformational state. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136 , 47394. Side chain ; Alkyl ; Polymer ; Glass transition ; Materials science ; Diffusion ; Polymer chemistry ; Chemical physics ; Phenylene ; Neutron scattering ; Scattering ; Physics ; Chemistry ; Thermodynamics ; Optics ; Composite material ; Organic chemistry Conducting polymers and applications ; Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics ; Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
Authors: Abdulaziz Alghamdi | Abdulellah Alsolami | Waseem Sharaf Saeed | Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni | Abdelhabib Semlali | Taı̈eb Aouak
Source: Designed Monomers & Polymers (article, 2018-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Miscibility of poly(acrylic acid)/poly(methyl vinyl ketone) blend and in vitro application as drug carrier system A series of poly(acrylic acid)/poly(methyl vinyl ketone) (PAA/PMVK) blends with different compositions were prepared by the solvent casting method. The miscibility of this pair of polymers was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. An <i>in-vitro</i> cytotoxicity test of the drug-carrier system via MTT (3-(4,5-demethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay revealed no significant cytotoxic effects at concentrations up to 100 µg· ml<sup>-1</sup>. The STX/PAA-50 drug carrier systems were also prepared by solvent casting of solutions containing the sulfamethoxazole (STX) used as drug model and PAA/PMVK blend in <i>N.N</i>-dimethylformamide then crosslinked with acidified ethylene glycol. The release dynamic of STX from the prepared hydrogels was investigated in which the diffusion through the polymer matrix, the enhancement of the water solubility of STX, the influence of the initial drug concentration, the pH of the medium, and the effect of the degree of swelling of the polymer matrix on the release dynamic was evaluated. According to the total gastrointestinal transit time estimated by Belzer, the estimate distribution of STX released in the different organs indicated that the performance is obtained with the drug - carrier-system containing equal ratios of polymer and 10 wt% of STX (STX-10/PAA-50). Miscibility ; Differential scanning calorimetry ; Acrylic acid ; Materials science ; Polymer ; Polymer chemistry ; Solvent ; Polymer blend ; Solubility ; Nuclear chemistry ; Drug carrier ; Copolymer ; Chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Drug delivery ; Composite material biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties ; Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications ; Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Tilo Seydel | Robert M. Edkins | Christopher D. Jones | Jonathan A. Foster | Robert Bewley | Juan A. Aguilar | Katharina Edkins
Source: Chemical Communications (article, 2018-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Increased rate of solvent diffusion in a prototypical supramolecular gel measured on the picosecond timescale Solvent diffusion in a prototypical supramolecular gel probed by quasi-elastic neutron scattering on the picosecond timescale is faster than that in the respective bulk solvent. This phenomenon is hypothesized to be due to disruption of the hydrogen bonding of the solvent by the large hydrophobic surface of the gel network. Picosecond ; Solvent ; Supramolecular chemistry ; Diffusion ; Neutron scattering ; Hydrogen bond ; Chemical physics ; Materials science ; Scattering ; Chemistry ; Chemical engineering ; Crystallography ; Molecule ; Organic chemistry ; Thermodynamics ; Optics ; Crystal structure ; Physics Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials ; Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior ; Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies
Authors: Ryan Huizing
Source: cIRcle (University of British Columbia) (article, 2018-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Electrospun nanofibrous membranes for water vapour transport applications This study discusses the development of selective water vapour permeable membranes for the separation of water vapour from air. These membranes are useful as separation media for membrane-based energy recovery ventilation devices. Current generation composite membranes for these devices consist of a polymer film layer which is permeable to water vapour but selective for water vapour over gases. In these composite membranes, this film layer is attached to one surface of a microporous polymeric support substrate. However, as it is demonstrated in this work, the microporous support contributes 30 to 50% of the resistance to water vapour transport in the composite membranes. In an attempt to eliminate this microporous substrate and its associated resistance, a membrane was developed using an electrospun nanofibrous layer as a support structure for the selective coating layer. In these membranes, the electrospun nanofibers are deposited on a non-woven micro-fibrous carrier and then the nanofibers are impregnated with a selectively permeable polymer to make impregnated electrospun nanofibrous membranes (IENM). The nanofibers are found to contribute a resistance to vapour transport in these membranes and their effect on water vapour permeability is quantified through a fiber-filled-film model. An optimization study of the IENMs demonstrated that fiber diameter and fiber volume in the film layer effect the water vapour permeance of these membranes and reducing these variables improved water vapour permeance. IEMNs were demonstrated to have water vapour permeance (&gt;10000 GPU) while still having sufficient selectivity for the application, exceeding the performance of current generation composite membranes. The membranes were demonstrated to be particularly useful in the fabrication of ‘formable membranes’ which could be thermally-formed into exchanger plates for energy recovery ventilator exchangers. Thermal and mechanical properties of the membrane components were reported individually and as complete membranes. A membrane composition was demonstrated to fabricate exchanger plates from formable IENMs. This work contributes to the development of membranes for air-to-air exchangers specifically for energy recovery ventilation. A new class of membrane based on electrospun nanofibers for these devices was successfully demonstrated to have improved performance properties and a novel formable membrane was developed. Membrane ; Electrospinning ; Materials science ; Nanofiber ; Chemistry ; Chemical engineering ; Nanotechnology ; Polymer science ; Composite material ; Polymer ; Engineering Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications