jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Rebekah Stein | Jenna Munson | Nathan D. Sheldon
Source: Interdisciplinary Journal of Environmental and Science Education (article, 2022-04-20)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Hands-On, Virtual, Environmental Science Modules: Using Stable Carbon Isotopes as Forensic Tools for Students to Understand Environmental Chemistry From Their Homes Engagement with the natural world is imperative to student learning in the geo- and environmental sciences. Immersion in the environment is particularly useful for complicated subjects like nutrient cycling and biogeochemistry. However, access to the outdoors is not ubiquitous, and often students living in urban and/or remote locations are unable to access geo-, bio- and environmental activities, and demonstrations, and this inaccessibility was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. We created a remote learning activity to teach the carbon cycle to high school students enrolled in the University of Michigan’s Earth Camp (summer 2020). These high school students were admitted to this summer program to facilitate their access to and inquiry of the natural world. Likewise, this program is designed to enable and encourage students from underrepresented minority groups to engage in STEM, and in particular, earth sciences. Students conducted at-home bio-centric experiments and collected hair from their pets and their pets’ foods (and for students without pets, favorite snack foods) and sent it to the University of Michigan for isotope analyses. Students recorded ingredients in their specimens and hypothesized what isotope values their specimens should have, based on C3/C4 plant distribution. The students’ results allowed them to examine how the Earth’s carbon cycle is reflected by common plants and animals living in their homes and to collect physical observations and analyze their own data. This activity received positive evaluations from students, and students felt their knowledge of isotopes and the chemistry behind their food increased from this exercise. Although Earth Camp recruitment was unrelated to student’s desired major, almost ~20% of the participants in this activity listed earth sciences as a desired major upon application to college. We have attached this activity in the supplement for future use by other earth science educators in an adapted version that does not require the ability to measure stable isotopes. Psychology ; Earth science ; Medical education ; Geography ; Ecology ; Medicine ; Biology Various Chemistry Research Topics
Authors: Si̇nan Maraş | Abdullah Tahir Şensoy
Source: European Journal of Science and Technology (article, 2022-11-20)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Farklı Fiber Yönlenme Açılarının Tabakalı Kompozit Kirişlerin Doğal Frekansına Etkisinin Yanıt Yüzey Metodu ile İncelenmesi Bu çalışma, farklı fiber yönlenme açılarının karbon elyaf takviyeli epoksi tabakalı kompozitlerin doğal frekans değerlerine ne şekilde etki ettiğinin yanıt yüzey metodu (YYM) ile belirlenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Box-Behnken tasarımına (BBT) göre belirlenen 15 adet tasarım konfigürasyonu ile deney tasarımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. ANSYS sonlu elamanlar analizi paket programında deney tasarım noktalarındaki girdi parametrelerine uygun olarak oluşturulan modellerin modal analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Temel frekans değerleri yanıt vektörü olarak elde edilmiştir. Kuadratik regresyon (KR) modelinin kurulması için girdi parametreleri ve bu parametrelere karşılık gelen yanıt verileri kullanılmıştır. Modelin tahmin kabiliyetinin artırılması ve daha basit bir model kurulması amacıyla, istatistiksel olarak anlamsız olan terimler modelden çıkarılmıştır. Varyans analizi (ANOVA) sonuçlarına göre, literatürle uyumlu bir şekilde, dış tabakalardaki fiber yönlenme açılarının yapının doğal frekansına olan etkisinin, tarafsız eksende bulunan merkez tabakaya kıyasla yaklaşık 2 kat daha fazla olduğu hesaplanmıştır. Rastgele tasarım parametrelerinde modellenen 112 adet sonlu elemanlar modeli modal analize tabi tutulmuştur. Titreşim analizi sonuçları kullanılarak makine öğrenmesi tabanlı “Gauss Process Regression” yöntemi ile yeni bir regresyon modeli kurulmuştur. Önerilen bu matematiksel modelin BBT örneklem parametreleri için KR modeline kıyasla yaklaşık 34 kat daha az hata ile tahmin sağlayabildiği belirlenmiştir. Physics ; Mathematics ; Structural engineering ; Engineering Textile materials and evaluations ; Mechanical Behavior of Composites ; Advanced machining processes and optimization
Authors: Jiaji Su | Zhigang Yao | Cheng Li | Ye Zhang
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2022-01-04)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

A Statistical Approach to Estimating Adsorption-Isotherm Parameters in Gradient-Elution Preparative Liquid Chromatography Determining the adsorption isotherms is an issue of significant importance in preparative chromatography. A modern technique for estimating adsorption isotherms is to solve an inverse problem so that the simulated batch separation coincides with actual experimental results. However, due to the ill-posedness, the high non-linearity, and the uncertainty quantification of the corresponding physical model, the existing deterministic inversion methods are usually inefficient in real-world applications. To overcome these difficulties and study the uncertainties of the adsorption-isotherm parameters, in this work, based on the Bayesian sampling framework, we propose a statistical approach for estimating the adsorption isotherms in various chromatography systems. Two modified Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms are developed for a numerical realization of our statistical approach. Numerical experiments with both synthetic and real data are conducted and described to show the efficiency of the proposed new method. Adsorption ; Markov chain Monte Carlo ; Elution ; Inverse problem ; Monte Carlo method ; Realization (probability) ; Bayesian probability ; Linearity ; Chromatography ; Inverse ; Computer science ; Algorithm ; Chemistry ; Mathematics ; Statistics ; Artificial intelligence ; Physics ; Physical chemistry Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography ; Protein purification and stability ; Chromatography in Natural Products
Authors: Birk Fritsch | Tobias Zech | Mark Bruns | Andreas Körner | Saba Khadivianazar | Mingjian Wu | Neda Zargar Talebi | Sannakaisa Virtanen | Tobias Unruh | Michael P. M. Jank | Erdmann Spiecker | Andreas Hutzler
Source: ChemRxiv (preprint, 2022-04-08)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Radiolysis-Driven Evolution of Gold Nanostructures – Model Verification by Scale Bridging in situ Liquid-Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy and X-ray Diffraction Formation and degradation of gold nanostructures in tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl4) is comprehensively investigated via in situ liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (LP-TEM). By introducing a novel technique to simulate arbitrary kinetic models for radiochemistry, we provide a holistic understanding of reaction mechanisms in irradiated HAuCl4 solutions, allowing for quantitative prediction and tailoring of redox processes in LP-TEM experiments. It is demonstrated that no experimentally relevant threshold for gold reduction during LP-TEM exists and that radiation-induced metal-ion reduction is relevant even for experiments utilizing X-rays such as X-ray diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, we unveil that oxidative etching of gold nanoparticles depends on both, precursor concentration, and dose rate. This dependency is harnessed to probe the electron beam-induced shift in the Gibbs free energy landscape by analyzing the critical radius of gold nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy ; Nanostructure ; Colloidal gold ; Materials science ; Diffraction ; Radiolysis ; Synchrotron ; Electron diffraction ; Nanoscopic scale ; Chemical physics ; Nanoparticle ; Phase (matter) ; Nanotechnology ; Chemical engineering ; Chemistry ; Aqueous solution ; Optics ; Physical chemistry ; Physics Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques ; Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications ; nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions
Authors: Wei Wang | Huan Tang | Junce Zhou | Taoze Sun | Hongna Mu
Source: Horticulture International Journal (article, 2022-07-29)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Research trend analysis of Leucojum aestivum based on Citespace visualization software The secondary metabolite of Leucojum aestivum lycorine, is of high medicinal value and has attracted much attention internationally. Therefore, it is essential to review and analyze the existing literature on L. aestivum to clarify the research progress, research bottlenecks, and applications of lycorine in landscapes. In this study, we used the Web of Science (WOS) and CNKI Chinese journal database as data sources to analyze the bibliometric analysis of L. aestivum-related literature in terms of the number of publications, journal sources, research institutions, keywords, and co-cited literature using Citespace visualization software. The results showed that the number of L. aestivum-related studies decreased compared to previous years, but the number of publications showed a high growth trend in this research frontier. Bulgaria has a significant dominance in L. aestivum-related research, while China has fewer publications in this field but focuses more on the frontiers of the discipline. The frontiers of L. aestivum research concentrate on improving in vitro culture devices, changing plant culture strategies, and adding chemical additives to improve the yield of compounds in plants; new methods for lycorine synthesis; identification of ornamental plant species and detection of compounds by electrochemical methods; practical applications of lycorine in medicine and its mechanism of action. It is inferred that future research will focus on the ornamental value, medicinal value, cultivation methods, and innovation of lycorine synthesis methods of aestivum. Lycorine ; Dominance (genetics) ; Bibliometrics ; Computer science ; Library science ; Biology ; Botany Chemical synthesis and alkaloids ; Psychedelics and Drug Studies ; Alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology
Authors: Yehor S. Malets
Source: ChemRxiv (preprint, 2022-05-16)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Object approach to the organic molecule representation Object way of thinking about structure of organic molecule (functional groups, cycles) is common for professional synthetic chemists. In contrast, atom-level graph-based approaches mostly used for computing. Space, memory consumption and quantity of CPU/GPU cycles could be significantly reduced using next-level object abstractions which lead to another way of linear molecule recording. Perspectives of this concept are discussed. Object (grammar) ; Representation (politics) ; Graph ; Computer science ; Contrast (vision) ; Theoretical computer science ; Molecule ; Atom (system on chip) ; Organic molecules ; Space (punctuation) ; Artificial intelligence ; Chemistry ; Parallel computing ; Organic chemistry Molecular spectroscopy and chirality ; Computational Drug Discovery Methods ; Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Authors: Maksym V. Kovalenko | Matt Law
Source:  (article, 2022-07-02)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

2022 Coolloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals GRC &amp; GRS July 2-8, 2022.The meeting covered a variety of scientific topics and the content presented was Nanocrystal ; Semiconductor ; Materials science ; Optoelectronics ; Computer science ; Physics ; Nanotechnology Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties ; Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films ; Crystal Structures and Properties
Authors: Shilin Wu | Huayu Yang | Xiangyan Liu | Rui Jia
Source: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology (article, 2022-09-16)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Precision control of polyurethane filament drafting and winding based on machine vision In the biomedical field, polyurethane (PU) is widely used in interventional catheters, artificial hearts, artificial blood vessels, orthopedic materials, medical adhesives, and other medical devices. In this paper, a method based on machine vision was proposed to control the drafting and winding accuracy of PU filament in order to solve the problem of centrifugal runout when the mold rotates. The centrifugal runout of the mold directly affected the preparation efficiency and quality of long artificial blood vessel by wet spinning. Through non-contact real-time detection of the filament diameter and the angle between the axis of filament and the axis of mold, the motion parameters of the two motors driving the moving platform and the drafting roller could be adjusted in real time to achieve the purpose of online real-time control of filament drafting and winding accuracy. The vision control method proposed in this paper was used to carry out the PU tube preparation experiment. The visual measurement results of the filament diameter and the included angle were compared with the manual measurement results. The average value of the diameter error is 0.0096mm, and the average value of winding angle is 0.4777°. The results proved the accuracy of the visual measuring method and testified it feasible to using machine vision instead of manual method to detect filament diameter and winding angle. Properties of the prepared PU tube were tested and analyzed. The filament diameter measured by the 3D microscope was about 0.87 mm and significantly smaller than the filament diameter before winding. This indicated that the winding was uniform, the extrusion was tight, and the adhesion was good. Protein filament ; Mold ; Materials science ; Centrifugal force ; Coordinate-measuring machine ; Tube (container) ; Mechanical engineering ; Spinning ; Filament winding ; Computer science ; Biomedical engineering ; Engineering drawing ; Optics ; Composite material ; Engineering ; Physics ; Rotational speed Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications ; Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies ; 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
Authors: Jindal Heena | Saxena Tanya | Sawal Kartik
Source: International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research (article, 2022-12-31)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Mechanical Properties and Waste Management Approaches of Banana in India Abstract: Around 27% of the contribution to the world's banana production is done by India only. This directly leads to an increase in waste loss. Despite its tremendous utilization, nutritional &amp; health benefits, and mechanical properties of fibres which allows the growth of the economy in the country, the problem of waste management in India is big. Usually, the leaves, pseudostems, rachis and banana peel are the major solid waste-loss of bananas which corresponds to its maintenance and harvesting practices. Its waste loss amounts to roughly 114 million metric tonnes worldwide, contributing to environmental issues such as the excessive emission of greenhouse gases. Thus, this review paper focuses on the the mechanical properties of pseudostem fibres which offer a significant bioresource to create a variety of high-value goods, including rope, cordage, fishing nets, mats, packaging materials, paper sheets, textile fabrics, bags, tablecloths, handicrafts, absorbent materials, and polymer composites. The research on banana fibre-reinforced composite materials is a new field of research and is still open to be explored. These composite-based fibres have a good potential to be used in various sectors like construction, automotive, machinery, etc., due to their high mechanical strength. Many advancements in the manufacturing techniques of its fibres are under process to ease the process. However, still, hand layup, compression moulding, and filament winding are the processes which are followed. Thus, this review paper focuses on the mechanical properties &amp; utilization of banana pseudostem fibres and approaches to combat the main challenges of waste management and to provide sustainable solutions to achieve social, economic, and environmental benefits. Textile ; Waste management ; Automotive industry ; Environmental science ; Materials science ; Engineering ; Composite material Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: Salman Ahmed Shaikh | Jawaid Daudpoto | Sajid Khan
Source: International Journal of Computer Applications (article, 2022-11-22)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Development of a Novel Shape Memory Alloy Actuated Soft Gripper Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) materials are often used as an activation source for bending actuators as they belong to the class of high power density materials. SMA based soft grippers have good performances in grabbing objects with non-uniform shapes in contrast to their counterpart rigid grippers but their performance is restricted by the small stroke of the SMA wire inside the polymeric matrix and it has also been described as having a low actuation speed, which is considered as a fundamental restriction to its use in a broader variety of applications. The heating and cooling time is the primary limiting cause for its low actuation speed In this research two types of actuators were developed, one of them was made in such a way that the cotton thread was inserted into the soft polymer and further connected to the SMA wire externally, and in the second type SMA wire, itself inserted into the soft polymer. After performance analysis of both actuators, a two-finger gripper was developed. The maximum bending angle of 44 at 4 sec recovery time was achieved using 160 mm SMA wire embedded in polymer matrix as free sliding wire and the gripper was demonstrated to be fit for grasping different types of objects weighing up to 5-grams Computer science ; Shape-memory alloy ; Alloy ; Human–computer interaction ; Artificial intelligence ; Materials science ; Composite material Shape Memory Alloy Transformations
Authors: Leonardo de Souza | Paula Melo de Abreu Vieira | Raissa Florindo | Alex Carvalho Alavarse | Jean‐Jacques Bonvent
Source: Química Nova (article, 2022-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

FEATURES AND STRATEGIES FOR SCAFFOLD DESIGN AND PRODUCTION FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING Failure or loss of human tissues and organs due to illness or injury requires the partial or even total transplantation. Although transplantation is a successful intervention, donor availability and immune rejections represent still the main drawbacks. In addition, the fast and proper recovery of the patient is nowadays more than necessary to prevent infection, chronic inflammation, and other complications during the tissue/organ healing process. There is still a tremendous interest of alternatives to transplantation, such as scaffold-based tissue engineering, that may contribute to practical outcomes for the worldwide health concern related to severe tissue injuries. Herein, we explore the features, benefits and scaffold designs applied for biotechnological sciences, particularly for tissue engineering. The great potential to transform biocompatible polymers in three-dimensional matrix, assimilating the extracellular matrix (ECM), makes them attractive for cells adhesion and proliferation. On the basic of relevant results recently reported in the literature, along with the pioneering works, we discuss specific issues and challenges such as matrix-cell interactions, strategies to design scaffolds with homogeneous nano/microscales using different techniques, e.g., hydrogels, electrospinning, and rotary jet spinning, as well as the combination of some of these techniques. Scaffold ; Tissue engineering ; Extracellular matrix ; Transplantation ; Decellularization ; Self-healing hydrogels ; Process (computing) ; Biomedical engineering ; Nanotechnology ; Computer science ; Medicine ; Materials science ; Surgery ; Biology ; Cell biology Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications ; Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine ; 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
Authors: T. Menakadevi | P Muthusamy | J Arivudainambi | Defu Liu | Yongjun Tang | W Cong | Eren | M Tuna | Ozbayoglu | Ulugbek Mannanov | Javokhir Toshov | Lazizjon Toshniyozov | P Zhang | N Churi | Zhijian Pei | C Treadwell | Sean Davidson | David James | U Khashaba | M Seif | M Elhamid | John Thorogood | Walt Aldred | Fred Florence | Fionn Iversen | Jinyang Xu | Lei Zhou | Ming Chen | Fei Ren | Kristof Starost | James Njuguna | Edoardo Rossi | Shahin Jamali | Martin Saar | Philipp Rudolf Von Rohr | Martin Volker Wittig | Philipp Saar | Rudolf Von Rohr | Eduardo Bonhin | Sarah Pires | Manoel David-Mzel | Edson Clber De Sampaio Alves | Marcos Cocchieri Botelho | Ribeiro Valrio | Rossi | Martin Edoardo | M Okasha | P Mativenga | N Driver | L Li | R Pessier | M Fear | Olgay Yarali | Eren Soyer | Yinlin Ji | Lu Wang | Yanlong Zheng | Wei Wu | Qingyou Liu | Jianguo Zhao | Haiyan Zhu | Wei Zhang | Xuyue Chen | Jin Yang | Deli Gao | L-B Zhang | L-J. Wang | X-Y. Liu | H-W Zhao | X Wang | H-Y Luo | Chuanliang Yan | Jingen Deng | Yuanfang Cheng | Menglai Li | Yongcun Feng | Xiaorong Li | S Abootalebi | A Hadi-Vencheh | A Jamshidi | Mohammad Rahimdel | Mohammad Javad | Karamoozian | S Raj | Sethuramalingam Oliver Nesa | Prabhu | Mohammad Keshtkar | Mehdi | Shankar Chakraborty | Prasenjit Chatterjee | Partha Das | Muhammad Akram | Sumera Naz | Florentin Smarandache | Hong Lin | Tianhong Pan
Source: REST Journal on Advances in Mechanical Engineering (article, 2022-12-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Mechanical Drilling Procedures for Titanium Alloys Using TOPSIS Method Various types of drilling machines or There are structures, but most Drilling machines fall into four broad categories are divided into: honest sensitive, upright, Radial and special purpose. Simple, drilling is the teacher or tape or a sample provided by another student listening and repeating what is heard. It is new to many teachers for their students more so when introducing language items It is a repetitive exercise. Alternative: Center Punch Set Up, Clean Up the Hole, Clean Up. Evaluation Preference: Hand drill, corded drill, corded drill, Hammer drill and Cordless drill. The result it is seen that Cordless drill is got the first rank where as is the Hammer drill is having the lowest rank. The value of the dataset for Mechanical drilling in TOPSIS Method (Similar for the best solution). By option order technique shows its results in Cordless drill and top ranking TOPSIS ; Drilling ; Titanium ; Titanium alloy ; Materials science ; Metallurgy ; Petroleum engineering ; Computer science ; Geology ; Engineering ; Operations research ; Alloy Titanium Alloys Microstructure and Properties ; Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes ; Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses