jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Kenneth NYANDORO | N. Nelwalani | Mamookho Elizabeth Makhatha
Source: Metal ... (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Metals and Alloys

ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF BORONIZED CARBON STEEL 1020 AND STAINLESS STEEL 304 This study investigated how boronizing affects the electrochemical corrosion behaviour of boronized carbon steel 1020 (0.049 wt.% C and 12.700 wt.% B) and stainless steel 304 (0.003 wt.% C and 8.940 wt.% B).Both materials were boronized using Borax powder at 900C for eight hours, forming boride layers on their surfaces.The light optical microscope revealed distinct differences between the two steels with carbon steel 1020 developing a thick sawtooth-shaped boride layer while stainless steel 304 formed a thin more compact layer.XRD (X-ray diffraction) analysis confirmed the presence of the FeB phase in both samples.Case boronizing significantly increased the surface hardness of both steels with carbon steel 1020 showing a greater hardness than stainless steel 304 as confirmed by hardness profiling.Corrosion resistance improved in both materials after boronizing, though the effect was more pronounced in carbon steel 1020 which saw a nearly fivefold increase in corrosion resistance compared to its untreated reference sample.Despite that stainless steel 304 remained the most corrosion-resistant overall even after the slight improvement from boronizing.In conclusion, boronized carbon steel 1020 exhibited the greatest overall improvement in mechanical properties particularly in terms of hardness and corrosion resistance making it an excellent candidate for applications requiring enhanced durability and long service life. Carbon steel ; Corrosion ; Carbon fibers ; Electrochemistry ; Welding ; Electrode Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals ; Material Properties and Failure Mechanisms ; Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition
Authors: J. L. Chukwuneke
Source: Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences – Sigma Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

Comparative analysis of aluminum alloys and cast iron as materials for air-cooled internal combustion engines This paper compares aluminum alloys with cast iron as materials for air-cooled internal combustion engines.Air-cooled internal combustion (IC) engine concept models were developed.The heat exchange characteristics (HECs) of engine models were investigated using the finite element method (FEM).The factors that contribute to low cooling capacity and overall underperformance of air-cooled internal combustion (AIC) engines were investigated using engine models.Thermo-physical properties of engine/fin materials, as well as other parameters such as fin array layout and ventilation speed, have been identified as critical determinants of an AIC engine's HECs.The thermal performance of aluminum alloy and grey cast iron used as alternate engine/fin materials was compared while the engine was first run under natural convection and then at various wind speeds.It was discovered that the high thermal conductivity of the aluminum engine benefits its HEC performance.In contrast, the cast-iron engine benefits from the materials' low specific heat capacity.The thermal analysis also revealed that heat transfer through the cast iron engine section was characterized by a long transient period and a high level of engine heat insulation from the environment, making it a preferred engine option for lightweight stationary machines operated under natural convention.The cooling performance of the engine models was evaluated in terms of fin efficiency and effectiveness.Considering a 175cc engine with a four-fin configuration, comparable global fin efficiencies of useful value 97.42% and 98.65% were obtained for the cast iron engine and aluminum engine, respectively, indicating that heat diffusion to the surroundings was highly efficient in both cases of engine material.Similarly, the fin's effectiveness () was found to be 2.27 and 2.30 for cast iron and aluminum engines, respectively.These values are close to the critical value of 2.0, making them less practical.Increasing the number of fins to seven resulted in a significant 42% increase in HECs, reaching a desirable value of in both cases of comparable engine materials. Cast iron ; Combustion ; Aluminium ; Metallurgy ; Materials science ; Chemistry Material Properties and Applications ; Surface Treatment and Coatings
Authors: Nnamdi David Menkiti | Chukwuemeka Isanbor | Olusegun O. Ayejuyo
Source: RSC Advances (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

HSQC-NMR spectroscopy and exploratory data analysis of crude oil residue in relation to the time of spill Eight oil residues extracted from crude oil spill sites have been investigated for natural attenuation using heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2D HSQC NMR). Using the exploratory data analysis (EDA) techniques; principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), the predictive ability of the NMR technique with respect to similarities and differences in the composition of the oil residue over time was explored. The first three PCs from PCA accounted for 87% of the total variance while three clusters each were obtained from HCA analysis based on similarity in samples and NMR areas. Both exploratory analyses revealed that the -CH<sub>3</sub>/-CH<sub>2</sub> types, aliphatic, and aromatic content of the oil residue are the main factors responsible for compositional differences. The Euclidean distance constructed from PCA indicated real differences between fresh crude oil, aged, and younger residue. If the exposure time of the oil spill is known, HSQC coupled with exploratory data analysis would be a useful tool in evaluating the structural and compositional transformation of oil residue in the environment. This may be useful as a guide in deciding which remediation strategy is implemented in an oil spill environment like the Niger Delta region. Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy ; Residue (chemistry) ; Crude oil ; Chemistry ; Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; Spectroscopy ; Oil spill ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Organic chemistry ; Environmental science ; Petroleum engineering ; Engineering Petroleum Processing and Analysis ; Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
Authors: Zehra Ceren Ertekіn | Erdal Dіnç
Source: Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Chemia (article, 2025-12-16)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN-BASED OPTIMIZATION APPROACHES IN UPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT: SIMULTANEOUS QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF SULFADIAZINE AND TRIMETHOPRIM IN A COMBINED VETERINARY FORMULATION This study reports a comparative application of three different experimental designs to develop ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) methods for simultaneous quantification of sulfadiazine and trimethoprim in veterinary tablets. The effects of column temperature, buffer ratio, and flow rate on chromatographic response were systematically evaluated by response surface methodology using full factorial design (FFD), Box–Behnken design (BBD), and central composite design (CCD). Full quadratic models were constructed and evaluated for each design, using statistical parameters and studying the response surface plots. Then, optimal conditions providing efficient peak resolution in shortest runtime were calculated, and experimentally confirmed. FFD and BBD produced nearly identical optimal conditions, while CCD yielded conditions with shorter run time and sufficient resolution. The optimal conditions were determined from two experimental design methods: the first set from FFD and BBD (collectively referred to as FFD/BBD-UPLC), and the second set from CCD (referred to as CCD-UPLC). Both sets of conditions underwent system suitability tests and were validated for linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision, accuracy, and specificity. Recoveries for sulfadiazine and trimethoprim were within 99.3-100.5% with relative standard deviations less than 1.8%. The developed methods were successfully applied to commercial veterinary tablet analysis, with statistically comparable assay results in accordance with the label claims for both drugs. Central composite design ; Factorial experiment ; Trimethoprim ; Sulfadiazine ; Response surface methodology ; Design of experiments ; Fractional factorial design ; Resolution (logic) Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals ; Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety ; Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Authors: Pattarawan Ruangsuj | Wariya Yamprayoonswat | Manassanan Phatcharaharikarn | Thunwarat Songngamsuk | Parweenuch Santaweesuk | Marut Tangwattanachuleeporn | Kanokporn Srisucharitpanit | Montri Yasawong
Source: BMC Genomic Data (article, 2025-11-24)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Complete genome sequence of thermophilic PHA-producing Hydrogenophilus thermoluteolus strain KS0102 isolated from hot spring sediments in Thailand The H. thermoluteolus KS0102 genome comprises a single circular chromosome containing 2,136,028 bp and 61.70% GC. The genome was sequenced using Illumina and Oxford Nanopore technologies and assembled using Unicycler. It contained 1,848 CDS, 9 rRNAs, 49 tRNAs, and 1 CRISPR region. This dataset enables the investigation of polyhydroxybutyrate biosynthesis pathways and comparative genomic studies of thermophilic adaptation mechanisms in Hydrogenophilus species. Thermophile ; Hot spring ; Genome ; Strain (injury) ; Whole genome sequencing ; Polyhydroxybutyrate ; Chromosome ; Sequence assembly ; Comparative genomics biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties ; Microplastics and Plastic Pollution ; Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
Authors: Andrey V. Velikii
Source: Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture (article, 2025-11-30)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Manganese content in tea leaves (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) of the Colchis variety against the background of the use of various types of fertilizers in the subtropical conditions of the Russian Federation Background. The elemental composition of tea determines not only its food-flavoring properties, but is also a source of essential elements necessary for the normal functioning of our body, as in the modern world we often face a shortage of important elements as a result of an unbalanced diet. A special place in tea is occupied by trace elements, which include iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn). Tea plants accumulate large amounts of Mn in their leaves, which may be an important source of this trace element in the human diet. However, it should be noted that excessive consumption of tea can lead to excessive intake of manganese into the body. For the first time in the subtropical zone of Russia, the interaction of manganese and the root application of a number of important trace elements (Mg, Ca, S, Zn, B) were studied, patterns of their influence on the manganese content in the leaves of the tea plant were identified, and the influence of meteorological factors on the accumulation of manganese was assessed. Purpose. To determine the patterns of the intake of manganese compounds from the soil and its accumulation in the leaves of tea plants against the background of different mineral nutrition, from the point of view of food safety of agricultural products. Materials and methods. The research was conducted in the area of the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory on a Colchis tea plantation. The experience includes 7 options: control and 6 options with trace elements. According to the experimental variants, mature leaves and juvenile shoots (3-leaf flush) were selected during the growing season in the period 2012-2023. The sample preparation of the leaves was carried out by the accelerated method of acid (wet) ozonization according to K.E. Ginzburg et al. (1963). Results. It was found that the minimum manganese content in mature leaves was 1290 mg/kg, and the maximum was 3705 mg/kg, and a direct relationship was found between the manganese content and precipitation r=0.42. The manganese level in the 3-leaf flask ranged from 476 mg/kg in the first growth wave to 1246 mg/kg at the end of the flask collection period, and a direct correlation was established between the manganese content and the monthly average temperature r=0.56. It was revealed that the use of boron, despite the increase in yield, led to a decrease in the manganese content in juvenile shoots by 11.7–16.7% in July-August and by 23.6% in September compared with the control group. Conclusion. The results show a complex relationship between manganese content, climatic conditions, and fertilizer application. Manganese ; Trace element ; Subtropics ; Copper ; Tea garden ; Zinc ; Mineral Heavy Metals in Plants ; Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects ; Seed and Plant Biochemistry
Authors: Zijie Wu | Matthew G. Boebinger | Stephen Jesse | Addis Fuhr | Panchapakesan Ganesh | Gerd Duscher | Rama K. Vasudevan
Source: Microscopy and Microanalysis (article, 2025-07-01)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Automated and Autonomous Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy: Transformers and Generative Machine Learning for Image Optimization and Segmentation Transformer ; Generative grammar ; Segmentation ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Artificial intelligence ; Materials science ; Scanning transmission electron microscopy ; Computer science ; Scanning electron microscope ; Computer vision ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Nanotechnology ; Engineering ; Electrical engineering ; Composite material Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
Authors: Xining Li | Jian Zhao
Source: Engineering Research Express (article, 2025-08-27)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

Analysis of factors influencing deformation of piezoelectric composite shell based on orthogonal experiment Abstract The paper systematically studied the influence of five factors, namely input voltage, the number of actuators, the horizontal spacing of actuators, the vertical spacing of actuators, and the layup angle, as well as their pairwise interactions, on the deformation of piezoelectric composite shell formed by pasting macro fiber composite (MFC). Finite element simulations and orthogonal analysis were employed to evaluate the effects of multiple factors on structural deformation. A two-level factorial orthogonal experiment was conducted to assess the significance of each factor and their pairwise interactions on the end deflection of the structure. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to conduct the analysis. The analysis reveals that input voltage, ply angle, the interaction between input voltage and ply angle, the quantity of MFCs, the interaction between input voltage and the quantity of MFCs, the interaction between the quantity of MFCs and ply angle, and the vertical spacing of adjacent MFCs have significant impact on the deformation. The research results are of great importance for the development of piezoelectric intelligent composite shell structures. Composite number ; Shell (structure) ; Deformation (meteorology) ; Materials science ; Piezoelectricity ; Composite material ; Structural engineering ; Engineering Material Properties and Applications ; Topology Optimization in Engineering
Authors: Aleksandar Dimitrievikj | Jude Wells
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2025-09-25)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Steering Vector Fields for Property-Controlled Molecular Generation with Chemical Language Models Abstract Chemical language models have recently become a powerful tool for the de novo generation of drug-like molecules represented as SMILES strings. A central challenge is steering generation toward compounds with favorable properties such as solubility and absorption. To this end, we investigate inference time control of generative chemical language models using activation steering. Using contrastive activation addition, we seek to improve three relevant properties: molecular size, aqueous solubility (log S), and lipophilicity (log P) without changing the model weights. We compare two interventions: a single global vector which is added to the activation in the last transformer layer, and a novel vector field where the addition vector is computed as a function of the current hidden state. Across multiple protein targets and two pre-trained models, the global steering vector yields desired results in just over half of our experiments, while the vector field achieves larger shifts at the expense of a decrease in the validity rate. Lipophilicity ; Inference ; Transformer ; Generative grammar ; Solubility ; Field (mathematics) ; Vector field ; Generative model Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Authors: Abdullah İstek | İsmail Özlüsoylu | Saadettin Murat Onat | Mehmet Emin Ergün
Source: Maderas Ciencia y tecnología (article, 2025-12-03)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Influence of vermiculite addition on particleboard properties with varied urea formaldehyde adhesive ratios Wood and wood-based panels are widely used in the construction and furniture industries; however, their inherently low fire resistance remains a major limitation. Vermiculite, a mineral that expands significantly at high temperatures, offers a promising solution to improve the fire resistance of such materials. This study aims to determine how varying vermiculite contents (0 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 %) and urea–formaldehyde (UF) adhesive levels (12 %, 14 %, 16 %) jointly influence the physical, mechanical, and thermal performance of particleboards. Single-layer panels were manufactured under controlled pressing conditions, and their dimensional stability, strength properties, and thermal behavior were evaluated. Increasing vermiculite content led to higher thickness swelling and water absorption; for instance, at 25 % vermiculite, 2 h TS rose to 45.7 % in the 12 % UF group, while increasing UF to 16 % reduced this value to 31.4 %. Mechanical performance decreased with vermiculite addition: MOR declined from 15.77 MPa (control) to values below P1 requirements at higher vermiculite ratios, although increased UF partially mitigated this loss. In contrast, thermal properties improved markedly; mass loss during TGA decreased from 91.34 % (control) to 72.55 % at 25 % vermiculite with 16 % UF, indicating enhanced resistance to thermal degradation. These findings demonstrate that vermiculite substantially enhances thermal stability but compromises mechanical integrity, underscoring the need for careful balance between mineral content and adhesive level. Optimized vermiculite–UF combinations can support the development of particleboards for fire-resistant interior applications, offering valuable guidance for future material design and industrial implementation. Vermiculite ; Adhesive ; Thermal stability ; Water resistance ; Thermal ; Swelling ; Urea-formaldehyde Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Lignin and Wood Chemistry ; Wood Treatment and Properties
Authors: Phùng Tăng Nghị
Source: Tạp chí điện tử Khoa học và Công nghệ Giao thông (article, 2025-06-27)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Nghiên cứu dự đoán cường độ chịu nén của bê tông sử dụng tro bay bằng mô hình học máy XGBoost Bê tông sử dụng tro bay là một loại vật liệu xây dựng được thay thế một phần xi măng Portland bằng tro bay từ phụ phẩm thu được trong quá trình đốt than tại các nhà máy nhiệt điện. Việc sử dụng tro bay với tỷ lệ thích hợp góp phần tạo nên hỗn hợp bê tông bền vững hơn và mang lại những lợi ích đáng kể cho môi trường. Trong nghiên cứu này, mô hình học máy XGBoost được triển khai để dự đoán cường độ chịu nén bê tông sử dụng tro bay nhằm tối ưu tỷ lệ thành phần vật liệu trong cấp phối bê tông, từ đó nâng cao hiệu quả sử dụng và đảm bảo chất lượng bê tông trong điều kiện thực tế. Mô hình được huấn luyện với dữ liệu có 7 tham số đầu vào bao gồm: xi măng, cát, đá, nước, tro bay, phụ gia, thời gian; trong khi cường độ chịu nén được chọn làm mục tiêu đầu ra của mô hình. Việc đánh giá hiệu suất của mô hình được thông qua các chỉ số như sai số tuyệt đối trung bình (MAE), sai số bình phương trung bình (RMSE) và hệ số xác định (R²). Kết quả cho thấy mô hình học máy XGBoost là phương pháp hiệu quả trong dự đoán cường độ chịu nén bê tông sử dụng tro bay với giá trị huấn luyện là (R² = 0,896; RMSE = 4,213; MAE = 3,133) và giá trị kiểm chứng là (R²= 0,868; RMSE=4,892; MAE=3,401). Chemistry ; Stereochemistry Structural mechanics and materials ; Research studies in Vietnam ; Geodetic Measurements and Engineering Structures
Authors: L. D. Miteva | A. Yu. Titov | I. I. Baranov | T. A. Bazlova | A. A. Nikitina | В. Д. Белов
Source: Izvestiya Non-Ferrous Metallurgy (article, 2025-06-27)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Structure and properties of C92900 antifriction bronze produced by upward continuous casting Antifriction tin bronzes are used in the aerospace industry to manufacture components that operate in friction assemblies at elevated temperatures. This is due to the alloy’s favorable combination of antifriction, mechanical, and corrosion properties. In particular, tin bronze C92900 (alloy Cu–10Sn–3Ni–2Pb (wt. %)) is widely used in such applications. It is employed in the production of braking system components and plunger pump parts. Currently, these parts are manufactured by machining ingots produced through casting with directional solidification. However, this method has a low material utilization rate, typically between 5 % and 15 %. The most promising method for producing C92900 ingots is upward continuous casting technology, which allows the ingot dimensions to closely match those of the finished part. This significantly reduces machining effort and increases metal utilization to 95 %. This study presents the results of process development for the upward continuous casting technology of 15 mm diameter C92900 ingots. The structure and properties of the castings were also investigated. It was shown that as the casting speed increased from 90 to 360 mm/min, the volume fraction of the γ-Cu 3 Sn intermetallic phase increased, while the amount of tin-based solid solution remained nearly unchanged. At the same time, the phase distribution became more refined. The macrostructure consisted of columnar and equiaxed grains. As the casting speed increased, the columnar grains became more tilted relative to the direction of heat removal. The hardness increased from 127 ± 2.73 to 136 ± 4.25 HB, and the tensile strength and elongation slightly increased up to 250 mm/min, then decreased at 360 mm/min, which was associated with the macrostructure approaching a transcrystalline form. The study also examined shrinkage cavities and segregation defects in ingots cast at 150 mm/min and analyzed their causes. Finally, the paper provides recommendations for optimal casting parameters for 15 mm diameter ingots produced by upward continuous casting technology Bronze ; Metallurgy ; Materials science ; Casting Metallurgy and Material Science ; Advanced materials and composites ; Metal Alloys Wear and Properties