jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Andrii Klym | Yaroslav Blikharskyy | R Ye Khmil | Jacek Selejdak | Dušan Katunský | Zinoviy Blikharskyy
Source: System Safety Human - Technical Facility - Environment (article, 2025-12-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Strain Hardening of Reinforcement in Reinforced Concrete Elements After Residual Deformations Abstract The article presents a comprehensive study of the influence of strain hardening (work hardening effect) on the mechanical properties of thermally strengthened A500C reinforcement in reinforced concrete structures. The use of stepwise testing with the digital image correlation (DIC) method allowed detailed data to be obtained on local stress–strain processes, accumulation of residual plastic deformations, and changes in the yield strength of reinforcement under repeated loading. Experimental results showed that after primary overloading, the reinforcement retains significant residual deformations, which shift the stress–strain curve along the strain axis, while the elastic properties of the steel remain practically unchanged. It was found that the yield strength of the reinforcement under repeated loading increases by 10–20% due to strain hardening and partial stabilization of the dislocation structure of the crystal lattice. The interaction of reinforcement with concrete in the crack zone, including mechanical interlock and adhesion effects, was studied, contributing to local stiffness increase and actual load-bearing capacity of the elements. The proposed methodology allows quantitative assessment of the reinforcement’s residual load-bearing capacity after overloading, partial damage, or restoration, which has practical significance for reconstruction, strengthening, and modernization of reinforced concrete structures. The study results confirm the necessity of considering the work hardening effect and residual deformations when evaluating residual capacity and safety of structures, especially bridges, high-rise buildings, and objects in seismically active areas. Reinforcement ; Residual ; Stiffness ; Digital image correlation ; Strain hardening exponent ; Hardening (computing) ; Bearing capacity Structural mechanics and materials ; Structural Response to Dynamic Loads ; Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Minggang Xiong | Timothy G. Leong | Mengyu Chen | Jiabei Chen | TL Lee | Cheng‐han Yu | Artem K. Efremov | Heath E. Johnson
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2025-10-08)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Optogenetic construction of <i>de novo</i> integrin-adhesion complexes reveals role for biocondensation in adhesion nucleation Abstract Integrin-adhesion complexes (IACs) form spontaneously in cells on extracellular matrix substrates, allowing them to sense matrix composition and transduce force. However, IACs often do not form uniformly across a cell, which begs the question: What is required to nucleate an adhesion, and what factors enable the stabilization of an IAC once it has formed? Many factors have been suggested to promote formation and the subsequent stabilization of IACs. It is difficult to explicitly test these factors in vivo as IACs undergo constant remodeling. Here, we employ optogenetics to explicitly test the ability of talin in different activity and phase states to nucleate and stabilize IACs in regions where none are present. We find that fusion of intrinsically disordered regions directly to talin enhances its adhesion nucleation potential and allows new adhesions to be produced in response to optogenetic talin clustering. Similarly, expression of factors previously shown to enhance biocondensation in vitro , such as paxillin, the paxillin N-terminus, or unfolding of talin, allows for adhesion nucleation and biocondensation of talin. We show that these biocondensates of talin can cluster and activate integrins even in the absence of extracellular matrix. By applying optogenetic activation to regions of the cell with or without ventral actomyosin, we demonstrate actomyosin engagement promotes the formation and stability of adhesions. These results are corroborated by theoretical modelling which shows that phase separation of talin is enhanced by differential clutch formation in the presence of actomyosin thus enabling peripheral adhesion formation and stability. This work establishes a model in which increased cooperativity of talin enables IAC nucleation through talin biocondensation, which clusters and activates integrins. In addition to these findings, we generate multiple optogenetic tools that enable local nucleation or enhancement of IACs. Highlights Optogenetic tools mediating talin biocondensation can locally induce focal adhesion formation Paxillin LD domains enable biocondensation of talin Biocondensation of talin enables IAC formation Phase separation of talin can activate integrins independently of ECM Computational model reconciles spatial variance in LLPS and IAC formation. Optogenetics ; Nucleation ; Integrin ; Extracellular matrix ; Adhesion ; Cell adhesion ; Focal adhesion Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry
Authors: Calixtro Yanqui
Source: EPJ Web of Conferences (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Specific volume of the most probable disordered sphere packings Most granular materials are made of randomly distributed grains. Theoretical and experimental studies, carried on by several authors, have shown that minimum and maximum specific densities of random packings vary primarily according to the type of strain, such as vertical compression and horizontal shear. In this regard, there are two approaches; the statistical geometry of packings, and the statistical mechanics. The fundamental objective of these theories is to settle down the limiting values, called RLP and RCP. […]However, in the mechanics of granular materials, intermediate values are also important. For this reason, in this paper, a model for packings is proposed, based on elementary probability. The angles of a parallelepiped formed by eight spheres of equal size are taken as random variables, and the probability density function is assumed to be uniform. Specific volume of three-dimensional packings subject to two or three dimensional strain are calculated using conditional and joint probabilities, respectively. Parallelepiped ; SPHERES ; Statistical mechanics ; Granular material ; Volume (thermodynamics) ; Hard spheres ; Compression (physics) ; Probability density function ; Limiting Material Dynamics and Properties ; Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics ; Granular flow and fluidized beds
Authors: V.V. Kalsin | A.Kh. Bikmeeva | D.I. Dubrovsky | A.D. Badikova
Source: Вестник Башкирского университета (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

APPLICATION OF IR SPECTROSCOPY AND PLS REGRESSION FOR QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF MODEL ASPHALTENE SOLUTIONS IN TOLUENE . 2-10 .% i-Red 7800 u-L. , . - . Quantitative analysis (chemistry) ; Toluene ; Asphaltene ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Linear regression ; Regression analysis Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Analytical chemistry methods development ; Molecular Spectroscopy and Structure
Authors: Rashmi Gupta
Source: International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance (article, 2025-01-30)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Comparative Evaluation of the Separation Efficacy of Four RadiologicalSeparator Types Background: Achieving adequate interproximal space between teeth is a fundamental prerequisite for bandplacement during fixed orthodontic therapy. Dental separators serve this purpose by temporarily displacingadjacent teeth without causing irreversible damage or significant patient discomfort. With advancements inmaterial science, various radiologically visible separators have been developed to improve placement accuracyand clinical monitoring. However, a comparative evaluation of their separation efficacy remains underexplored,particularly within the Indian dental population.Aim: To evaluate and compare the separation efficacy of four different radiologically detectable dental separatortypes using standardized interproximal space measurement techniques.Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in the Department of Dentistry,Narayan Medical College, and Hospital, Sasaram, Bihar, India from May 2018 to April 2019. A total of 80 patientsrequiring orthodontic band placement were divided into four equal groups (n=20) based on the type of separatorused: Elastomeric separators, Dumbbell separators, Radiopaque coil spring separators, and Radiopaque separatingmodules. The separators were placed interdentally between the maxillary first molar and second premolar.Standardized bitewing radiographs were taken pre-placement and at 24, 48, and 72 hours to evaluate the separationachieved. Measurements were recorded in millimeters using digital calipers on radiographic images.Results: At 72 hours, all four separator types achieved clinically acceptable separation; however, the Dumbbellseparator group showed the highest mean separation (0.42 mm ± 0.05), followed by Radiopaque coil spring (0.39mm ± 0.06), Radiopaque separating module (0.36 mm ± 0.04), and Elastomeric separator (0.33 mm ± 0.03).Statistically significant differences were observed between groups at each time point (p&lt;0.05).Conclusion: Dumbbell separators demonstrated superior separation efficacy among the four evaluated types,followed closely by radiopaque coil springs. The findings suggest that material design and radiopacitysignificantly influence clinical performance. Careful selection of separator type can improve treatment efficiencyand patient outcomes in orthodontic practice. Calipers ; Radiography ; Molar ; Pulpectomy ; Separator (oil production) ; Clinical efficacy Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies ; Nuclear reactor physics and engineering ; Nuclear and radioactivity studies
Authors: Siti Nur Amani Alia Mat Nawi | Mohd Khairy Burhanudin | Mohammad Soffi Md Noh | Khairol Kamaruddin
Source: Sustainable Engineering Materials (article, 2025-12-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Enhancing water resistance of PET composite board with spent garnet and sand This study focuses on the development and optimisation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite boards incorporating spent garnet (SG) and sand as fillers to enhance water resistance and overall performance. The experimental design was conducted using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) under the Central Composite Design (CCD) framework to evaluate the effects of two key parameters: the binder-to-filler ratio and the SG-to-sand ratio. A total of thirteen experimental runs were performed to examine compressive strength, thermal conductivity, and water absorption. The inclusion of SG up to an optimum proportion improved matrix densification and reduced water uptake. Among the developed statistical models, the water-absorption model achieved an R² value of 0.97, demonstrating strong predictive reliability. The optimum mix composition produced a minimum water-absorption value of 0.30%, significantly lower than the &gt;0.50% reported for conventional PET composites. The optimisation process yielded a desirability value of 1.000, confirming model adequacy. The optimised PET–SG–sand composite exhibited enhanced moisture resistance and thermal stability, demonstrating the potential of utilising industrial-waste SG as a sustainable filler for PET-based construction materials. Composite number ; Polyethylene terephthalate ; Central composite design ; Response surface methodology ; Moisture ; Compressive strength ; Thermal ; Thermal resistance Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Masonry and Concrete Structural Analysis ; Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties
Authors: Valerii Startsev | Alexander Ustyuzhanin | Alexey Kirillov | Dmitry Baranchuk | Sergey Kastryulin
Source: ArXiv.org (preprint, 2025-05-25)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Alchemist: Turning Public Text-to-Image Data into Generative Gold Pre-training equips text-to-image (T2I) models with broad world knowledge, but this alone is often insufficient to achieve high aesthetic quality and alignment. Consequently, supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is crucial for further refinement. However, its effectiveness highly depends on the quality of the fine-tuning dataset. Existing public SFT datasets frequently target narrow domains (e.g., anime or specific art styles), and the creation of high-quality, general-purpose SFT datasets remains a significant challenge. Current curation methods are often costly and struggle to identify truly impactful samples. This challenge is further complicated by the scarcity of public general-purpose datasets, as leading models often rely on large, proprietary, and poorly documented internal data, hindering broader research progress. This paper introduces a novel methodology for creating general-purpose SFT datasets by leveraging a pre-trained generative model as an estimator of high-impact training samples. We apply this methodology to construct and release Alchemist, a compact (3,350 samples) yet highly effective SFT dataset. Experiments demonstrate that Alchemist substantially improves the generative quality of five public T2I models while preserving diversity and style. Additionally, we release the fine-tuned models' weights to the public. Generative grammar ; Quality (philosophy) ; Construct (python library) ; Scarcity ; Diversity (politics) ; Data-driven ; Generative model Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques ; Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Research Data Management Practices
Authors: Yi Tian | Yifan Meng | Richard N. Zare
Source: Molecules (article, 2025-06-11)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Simultaneous Detection of Polar and Nonpolar Molecules by Nano-ESI MS with Plasma Ignited by an Ozone Generator Power Supply We present a simple and cost-effective method for generating a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma using a commercially available ozone generator power supply. By coupling the plasma source to the extended ion transfer tube of an ambient mass spectrometer, we achieved stable plasma discharge, enabling the post-ionization of nonpolar compounds during the electrospray ionization process. Using this approach, we successfully detected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), halogenated PAHs (HPAHs), and other nonpolar pollutants in liquid mixtures, with detection limits on the order of 10 ng/mL. In fish exposed to HPAHs, both polar metabolites and lipids, as well as the nonpolar pollutant 1-chloronaphthalene, were simultaneously detected. Notably, 1-chloronaphthalene accumulated at the highest concentration in gill tissue. This straightforward plasma-assisted technique offers a reliable strategy for expanding the detection capabilities of electrospray mass spectrometry to include nonpolar molecules. Chemistry ; Electrospray ; Dielectric barrier discharge ; Electrospray ionization ; Mass spectrometry ; Plasma ; Microplasma ; Pollutant ; Ozone ; Ionization ; Molecule ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Chromatography ; Ion ; Environmental chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Electrode Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies ; Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Authors: Yujia Cheng | Guang Yu
Source: Coatings (article, 2025-04-18)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Parametric Study and Improvement of Anti-Corona Structure in Stator Bar End Based on Finite Element Analysis Voltage withstand tests on stator bars can cause destructive phenomena such as thermal breakdown and flashover discharge on the surface of the anti-corona layer. This study optimizes the anti-corona structure at a stator bar’s end to prevent such failures using a 120 MW water-cooled turbogenerator with a rated voltage of 15.75 kV. For a well-designed anti-corona system, the maximum potential gradient of the stator bar should be lower than the discharge intensity of air corona. In our design, the electric field intensity is maintained below 3.1 kV/cm, and the maximum surface loss in the anti-corona layer is limited to less than 0.6 W/cm2. Additionally, the terminal voltage is kept lower than that of flashover voltage at rated conditions. Furthermore, the length of the anti-corona layer should be minimized. The optimization process involves determining the rotation angle of the stator bar, calculating the total length of the anti-corona layer, and analyzing the electric field and loss in the layer at different lengths. The results demonstrate that the optimized anti-corona design effectively reduces the risk of flashover and thermal failure, ensuring stable operation under rated conditions. This manuscript belongs to purely computational experiments. At present, the electrical machinery with 120 MW rated power grade is put into operation steadily. There is a growing requirement for anti-corona. In this manuscript, computing method is used to assist the anti-corona structure design. The electrical machinery insulation is improved by better anti-corona materials. Therefore, the service life of electrical machinery can be prolonged, which is significant in engineering. Finite element method ; Stator ; Bar (unit) ; Parametric statistics ; Corona (planetary geology) ; Structural engineering ; Physics ; Mechanics ; Engineering ; Mechanical engineering ; Mathematics ; Meteorology High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Power Line Inspection Robots ; Vibration and Dynamic Analysis
Authors: Rahul Gupta | Rohit Gupta | Inderjeet Singh
Source: International Journal Of Trendy Research In Engineering And Technology (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

PRINCIPLES AND MECHANISM OF INVISIBILITY TECHNOLOGY: A RESEARCH PERSPECTIVE Human fascination with being invisible has been known for centuries, and this concept was supported by the presence of mythological artifacts and the authors' creativity. Invisibility is a serious research area in the field of optics and materials, which has changed its place from fantasy to reality. This article delves into the various scientific methods of hiding an object from sight, combining the progress in optics, metamaterials, quantum physics, and adaptive camouflage systems. The authors delve into the very nature of the light manipulation process, as well as the technological problems associated with metamaterial-type materials, and the quantum cloaking existing at the edge of the frontier. The ethical and societal issues connected with the invention are presented here, among which the acceptance of the need for innovation is responsible when invisible technology progressively comes into being. Invisibility ; Camouflage ; Perspective (graphical) ; Mechanism (biology) ; Field (mathematics) ; Cloaking ; Object (grammar) ; Mythology Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Photoreceptor and optogenetics research ; Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
Authors: Vijay Prakash S
Source: ArXiv.org (preprint, 2025-12-11)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Fitting magnetization data using continued fraction of straight lines Magnetization of a ferromagnetic substance in response to an externally applied magnetic field increases with the strength of the field. This is because at the microscopic level, magnetic moments in certain regions or domains of the substance increasingly align with the applied field, while the amount of misaligned domains decreases. The alignment of such magnetic domains with an applied magnetic field forms the physical basis for the nonlinearity of magnetization. In this paper, the nonlinear function is approximated as a combination of continued fraction of straight lines. The resulting fit is used to interpret the nonlinear behavior in both growing and shrinking magnetic domains. The continued fraction of straight lines used here is an algebraic expression which can be used to estimate parameters using nonlinear regression. Magnetization ; Nonlinear system ; Magnetic field ; Ferromagnetism ; Basis (linear algebra) ; Fraction (chemistry) ; Field (mathematics) ; Magnetic domain Magnetic Properties and Applications ; Characterization and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles ; Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
Authors: Florian Neukart | Valerii Vinokur
Source: ArXiv.org (preprint, 2025-01-27)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Thermodynamic-Complexity Duality: Embedding Computational Hardness as a Thermodynamic Coordinate We propose a duality between thermodynamics and computational complexity, elevating the difficulty of a computational task to the status of a thermodynamic variable. By introducing a complexity measure C as a novel coordinate, we formulate an extended first law, dU = T dS - p dV + ... + lambda dC, capturing energy costs beyond classical bit erasures. This perspective unifies ideas from Landauer's principle with the combinatorial overhead of hard (e.g., NP-complete) problems, suggesting that algorithmic intractability can manifest as an additional contribution to thermodynamic potentials. We outline how this "complexity potential" might produce phase-transition-like signatures in spin glasses, random constraint satisfaction, or advanced computing hardware near minimal dissipation. We also discuss parallels with previous geometry-information dualities, emphasize the role of complexity in shaping energy landscapes, and propose experimental avenues (in reversible computing or spin-glass setups) to detect subtle thermodynamic signatures of computational hardness. This framework opens a route for systematically incorporating complexity constraints into physical modeling, offering a novel link between the fundamental cost of computation and thermodynamic laws. Embedding ; Duality (order theory) ; Thermodynamic potential ; Mathematics ; Thermodynamics ; Statistical physics ; Materials science ; Physics ; Pure mathematics ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Advanced Materials Characterization Techniques ; Microstructure and mechanical properties
Authors: Charitidis J. Panagiotis
Source: International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology (article, 2025-06-30)
Field: Materials Science — Ceramics and Composites

Anisotropic Fracture Toughness Modeling in SiC-Whisker/ZrO?/Al?O? Triple-Phase Composites: Integrating Transformation Toughening and Fiber Bridging Mechanisms This research develops a comprehensive analytical framework for predicting fracture toughness in SiCwhisker/ZrO₂/Al₂O₃ triple-phase ceramic composites. Building upon established transformation toughening theory, the model extends beyond traditional isotropic approaches to incorporate anisotropic effects arising from whisker reinforcement. The framework integrates transformation toughening mechanisms with fiber bridging effects through an advanced stress intensity factor methodology. Key innovations include the application of equivalent inclusion methods and anisotropic weight functions to complex multiphase systems. Parametric studies reveal that transformation toughening and fiber bridging mechanisms operate with near independence, while whisker orientation demonstrates minimal influence on overall toughness in randomly distributed systems. The model predicts linear toughness enhancement with whisker volume fraction up to 40% and linear degradation due to microcrack content. Experimental validation across multiple composite systems shows model predictions within ±15% of measured values for whisker volume fractions between 30-40%. This analytical tool provides practical guidance for ceramic composite design and optimization. Whisker ; Materials science ; Composite material ; Bridging (networking) ; Fracture toughness ; Toughening ; Anisotropy ; Toughness ; Fiber Advanced ceramic materials synthesis ; High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior ; Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties