jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Radosław Bondyra | Jan Przytulski | K Dominiczak
Source: Archives of Thermodynamics (article, 2022-04-13)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

Development of last stage blade of 13K215 turbine intermediate pressure module Paper is considering the purpose and the process of development of last stage blade for intermediate pressure module of 13K215 steam turbine. In the last 20–30 years most of the steam turbine manufacturers were focused on improving such a turbine mainly by upgrading low pressure module. In a result of such a modernization technology were changed from impulse to reaction. The best results of upgrading were given by developing low pressure last stage blade. With some uncertainty and based on state of art knowledge, it can be stand that improving of this part of steam turbine is close to the end. These above indicators show an element on which future research should be focused on – in the next step it should be intermediate pressure module. In the primary design the height of intermediate pressure last stage blade was 500 mm but because of change of technology this value was decreased to 400 mm. When to focus on reaction technology, the height of the last stage blade is related to output power and efficiency. Considered here is the checking the possibility of implementing blades, in a reaction technology, higher than 400 mm and potentially highest. Article shows a whole chosen methodology of topic described above. It leads through the reasons of research, limitations of 13K215 steam turbine, creation of three-dimensional models, fluid flow calculations, mechanical integrity calculations and proposed solutions of design. Industrial chemistry ; Stage (stratigraphy) ; Blade (archaeology) ; Turbine ; Turbine blade ; Materials science ; Mechanical engineering ; Engineering ; Geology ; Biochemical engineering Material Properties and Applications ; Rocket and propulsion systems research ; Advanced Power Generation Technologies
Authors: Matthew J. Kuhn | Julia Patriarche | Douglas Patriarche Bsc | Massimo Bona | Miles A. Kirchin | Gianpaolo Pirovano
Source: Journal of Experimental Neurology (article, 2022-06-09)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Comparing Contrast Agent Enhancement: The Value of Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) work by shortening the T1, T2, and T2* relaxation time constants of adjacent water protons in tissues. The greater the T1 shortening the greater the signal enhancement obtained on T1-weighted images. The extent to which T1 is shortened, and hence the effectiveness of a specific GBCA in clinical practice, depends on the local tissue concentration of the GBCA and on its specific r1 relaxivity. Gadolinium ; Contrast (vision) ; Relaxation (psychology) ; SIGNAL (programming language) ; Contrast enhancement ; Artificial intelligence ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Materials science ; MRI contrast agent ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Computer science ; Biomedical engineering ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Medicine ; Radiology ; Physics ; Internal medicine Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes ; Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials ; Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Monserrat Sánchez | Gonzalo Suazo | V. Araya | Gabriel Villavicencio
Source: Obras y proyectos (article, 2022-06-29)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Estudio de la relación entre la reflexión de luz y el contenido de humedad superficial en muestras de relave utilizando imágenes hiperespectrales Proper tailings storage facilities (TSF) management can be done by monitoring various variables, such as moisture, which influences at physical and chemical stability phenomena. Nowadays, there are no continuous moisture controls due to the dangers associated with taking samples in tailings, generally in low-density states, making access difficult. Due to the recent hyperspectral imaging technologies and the successful use in monitoring interest variables (moisture, fines content, mineralogy) in areas such as hydrology and agriculture, therefore, this research uses hyperspectral images to estimate surface moisture in TSF using copper and iron tailings samples, which are subjected to active illumination from a 980 nm laser and monitored in a desiccation process in the moisture range from saturation to dry state, including density and fine content effects. Results show a parabolic relationship between moisture and light reflection, which, added to the use of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), allow estimating the surface samples moisture content, generating an auspicious method for the continuous monitoring of humidity in TSF. Humanities ; Physics ; Art Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Natural Products and Biological Research ; Meat and Animal Product Quality
Authors: Mehdi Askari | Zahra Farrokhi | Hassan Pakarzadeh
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2022-05-18)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Design Proposal for High-Sensitive Infrared Metamaterial-Based Sensors Abstract Metamaterial-based infrared sensors have attracted a lot of attention due to their ease of fabrication and various applications. By studying the performance of metamaterial sensors, it has been shown that their sensitivity has the potential of being considerably enhanced. In this paper, sensing capability of various metamaterial architectures, with different geometrical designs, is investigated. The unit cell of the initial considered metamaterial architecture contains two layers so that the first layer consists of two metallic nano-bars and two nano-plates, while the second layer includes a uniform silver plate. For this structure, a nearly perfect absorption behavior, along with a sensing capability with the sensitivity value of 2720 nm/RIU, is observed. By applying some changes to the geometry of this structure, it is found that, for some of the new designs, not only the original behavior of perfect absorption is replaced by the fascinating behavior of electromagnetically induced reflectance (EIR), but also the sensitivity of the corresponding sensors is considerably raised as well. The most interesting result is achieved when the uniform silver plate is completely removed, two cut-bars are horizontally emptied out of the two nano-plates, and a π-shaped metallic element is inserted between the two nano-plates. For this design, an EIR behavior, as well as a high sensitivity value of 4077.2 nm/RIU, is observed. Besides, effects of geometrical parameters on the sensitivity and resonance frequency of the sensors are investigated. It is found that the resonance frequency can be tuned in the range of 250–350 THz. This tunability of the resonance frequency is promising for practical applications. Infrared ; Metamaterial ; Computer science ; Remote sensing ; Optoelectronics ; Environmental science ; Materials science ; Geology ; Optics ; Physics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Antenna Design and Analysis ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
Authors: David L. Jordan
Source:  (article, 2022-06-29)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Reflectance Signatures Developed from Multi-Spectral Imaging of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Expressing Visible Herbicide Injury Multi-spectral imaging can be used to define a number of abiotic and biotic stresses associated with crop production and management. Research was conducted during 2004 and 2005 to develop spectral signatures of peanut leaves expressing visual symptoms of herbicide injury. Single leaf measurements using an artificial light source were used to develop spectra ranging from 350 to 2500 nm grouped into specific categories. Reflectance was determined for plants treated with acifluorfen, bentazon, clethodim, imazapic, paraquat, or 2,4-DB at 3 and 24 h and 3 and 6 d after application. Reflectance following herbicide applications was significant at bands 470-500 nm, 500-590 nm, 800 nm, and UMIR, at 3 and 24h after treatment and for bands 470-500 nm, 500-590 nm, 680-700 nm, 800 nm, and UMIR at 3 and 6d after treatment. Differences in reflectance were observed when comparing herbicides with different sites of action, especially when measurements were taken 3 and 6 d after treatment. These results indicate that there is potential for multi-spectral imaging to be used to discriminate among herbicides with different sites of action. Arachis hypogaea ; Bentazon ; Reflectivity ; Paraquat ; Agronomy ; Remote sensing ; Materials science ; Environmental science ; Chemistry ; Biology ; Optics ; Weed ; Geology ; Physics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity ; Insect Pest Control Strategies
Authors: Thirumurugan Chandrasekaran
Source:  (preprint, 2022-10-26)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Experimental Investigations Performed on Surface Discharges at oil-pressboard Interface: An Overview &lt;p&gt;CONDITION MONITORING OF TRANSFORMER INSULATION&lt;/p&gt; Pressboard ; Transformer ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Materials science ; Environmental science ; Electrical engineering ; Composite material ; Engineering ; Chemistry ; Environmental chemistry ; Voltage High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Oil and Gas Production Techniques
Authors: E. V. Fomin | A. E. Mayer
Source: Physical Mesomechanics of Materials. Physical Principles of Multi-Layer Structure Forming and Mechanisms of Non-Linear Behavior: Conference Proceedings (article, 2022-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

BEHAVIOR OF TRIPLE POINTS OF GRAIN BOUNDARIES DURING SHEAR DEFORMATION IN FCC METALS Grain boundary ; Triple junction ; Materials science ; Shear (geology) ; Deformation (meteorology) ; Composite material ; Geology ; Microstructure ; Optoelectronics Microstructure and mechanical properties ; Metallurgy and Material Forming ; Metal Forming Simulation Techniques
Authors: M. J. R. Healy
Source: Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances (article, 2022-07-29)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Unravelling the molecular architecture of the Commander assembly Architecture ; Nanotechnology ; Computer science ; Cognitive science ; Computational biology ; Materials science ; History ; Biology ; Psychology ; Archaeology Various Chemistry Research Topics ; History and advancements in chemistry
Authors: M. Marchivie | P. Guionneau | Guillaume Chastanet | R. Ketkaew | Y. Tantirungrotechai | P. Harding | D.J. Harding
Source: Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances (article, 2022-08-23)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Octahedral distortion through the CSD to reveal structure–properties relationship in spin crossover complexes Spin crossover (SCO) compounds are molecules, mainly based on transition metal complexes in an octahedral geometry, that can adopt two electronic states depending of their surrounding environment.SCO compounds can thus switch from a Low Spin (LS) state to a High Spin (HS) state upon an external stimulus like temperature pressure, light, or many others, what lead to a great interest from the scientific community due to their potential applications as captors, actuators, memories, smart pigments and many others.One of the key point, nevertheless, is to synthesize the right complex with optimal and controlled properties.From this point of view, the very high versatility of molecular materials is an evident advantage to obtain several complexes with very different switching properties such as large range of transition temperatures, smooth to very abrupt transitions or the apparition of large hysteresis loops This high versatility can however turn into a drawback to properly identify the key structural parameters that will guide the chemist to design the right material with the expected properties as the implied structural parameters are numerous and subtle.For decades, researchers of the SCO community have explored the structure-properties relationships of several families of SCO compounds, and some trends are now well established Spin crossover ; Octahedron ; Crossover ; Distortion (music) ; Materials science ; Crystallography ; Condensed matter physics ; Chemical physics ; Physics ; Chemistry ; Crystal structure ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Optoelectronics Magnetism in coordination complexes ; Electron Spin Resonance Studies ; Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: I Wayan Budiastra | Fila Rodotul Jannah
Source: Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) (article, 2022-06-30)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Non Destructive Determination of Soursop Firmness and Sweetness With Ultrasonic Method Firmness and sweetness are parameters that significantly affect the quality of soursop fruit. This study aims to examine the application of the ultrasonic method to determine the quality (firmness and sweetness) of soursop fruitnondestructively. Measurements were carried out using three different ripeness levels of soursop fruit, namely immature, ripe, and overripe. Samples were measured using an ultrasonic wave measurement system with a frequency of 50 kHz and followed by measurements of the physicochemical properties such as firmness and total soluble solid (TSS) of the fruit. The results showed that the ultrasonic wave velocity of soursop fruit at three levels of maturity ranged from 169.03–278.31 m/s, while the attenuation coefficient ranged from 9.11–19.94 dB/m. The firmness values, total soluble solids, and density were 1.37–61.59 N, 5.73-17.93 °Brix, and 1014.77–1630.13 kg/m3. There were significant correlations between ultrasonic parameters, firmness, and TSS. Classifying the level of firmness and sweetness on soursop fruit using linear regression equations based on ultrasonic wave velocity parameters produces two-equation functions with the accuracy of classifying soursop fruit on the three levels of firmness and sweetness, namely 100% and 95%. Thus the ultrasonic wave velocity parameter could be used in classifying soursop fruit based on the level of firmness and sweetness. Sweetness ; Ripeness ; Ultrasonic sensor ; Chemistry ; Food science ; Mathematics ; Ripening ; Physics ; Taste ; Acoustics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement
Authors: A. N. Tiraturyan | Е. В. Углова | V. P. Akulov
Source: Architecture and Engineering (article, 2022-12-29)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

DETERMINING VISCOELASTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ELEMENTS OF MULTI-LAYER STRUCTURES BASED ON ENERGY DISSIPATION ANALYSIS The deteriorating operating conditions of roads is one of the most important problems facing specialists in the road industry. It is mainly associated with a reduction in the rigidity of road pavements made as extended multi-layer structures. To identify the causes of rigidity reduction, non-destructive testing is used, which is based on solving the inverse coefficient problem of restoring the elastic constants based on the response on the surface. Purpose of the study: We aimed to provide a rationale for a new pavement condition indicator that would take into account the history of deformation and loading from a source on the surface, based on which it would be possible to solve the inverse problem of restoring the elastic and viscous characteristics of pavement layers. Methods: To do that, we performed mathematical modeling of the stress-strain state of a multi-layer medium based on the solution of a system of dynamic Lame equations. Viscosity is taken into account by introducing tangents of the angles of wave energy losses in the materials of layers. Results: The results obtained in modeling for the first time made it possible to establish the relationship between changes in the modulus of elasticity as well as tangents of the angles of energy losses in pavement layers and the amount of energy dissipation in the structure. Discussion: It should be noted that it is possible to switch from the bowl of maximum dynamic deflections as the main pavement condition indicator to the analysis of hysteresis loops on the road structure surface, recorded at different distances from the point of load application and being an analogue of the full bowl of dynamic deflections showing the history of the test object loading. Dissipation ; Tangent ; Rigidity (electromagnetism) ; Viscoelasticity ; Structural engineering ; Materials science ; Elasticity (physics) ; Hysteresis ; Mechanics ; Modulus ; Engineering ; Mathematics ; Geometry ; Composite material ; Physics ; Thermodynamics Material Properties and Failure Mechanisms ; Industrial Engineering and Technologies ; Engineering Diagnostics and Reliability
Authors: Arslan Saleem | Muhammad Saeed | Man-Hoe Kim
Source: Energies (article, 2022-08-05)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Optimisation of Induced Steam Residual Moisture Content in a Clothing Conditioner Based on a Genetic Algorithm This paper presents the modelling of heat and moisture transfer in a clothes-conditioning unit with the aim of improving the moisture content distribution to the clothes. A multicomponent, non-reacting, two-phase Eulerian–Eulerian model was utilised to solve the computational model. The clothes inside the conditioning unit were modeled as retangular towels (porous medium) of uniform thickness. Mass flow distribution of air and steam through the clothes was studied by systematically varying the steam nozzle angle (30° to 75°) and air inflow grill angle (45° to 105°). The simulation results were studied to identify the impact of design parameters on the mass flow distribution inside the clothes-conditioning unit. The mass flow of steam and the air–steam mixture were calculated through each towel in the forward and reverse direction. Response surface analysis was conducted to correlate the total mass flow rate and steam mass flow rate through each towel with the design variables. Moreover, a multiobjective genetic algorithm was employed to optimise the mass flow through the clothes and ascertain the optimal design configuration. The geometric configuration with a steam nozzle angle of 45° and air grill angle of 105° resulted in optimal steam and mixture distribution. Nozzle ; Mass transfer ; Mass flow rate ; Moisture ; Flow (mathematics) ; Mechanics ; Volumetric flow rate ; Engineering ; Materials science ; Simulation ; Mechanical engineering ; Composite material Textile materials and evaluations ; Thermoregulation and physiological responses ; Infection Control and Ventilation
Authors: Bahar AKDENİZ ÜNİVERSİTESİ GÜMÜŞ | Erkan AKDENİZ ÜNİVERSİTESİ GÜMÜŞ | Murat Ömer Chemical and Materials Engineering Dept BALABAN
Source: DergiPark (Istanbul University) (article, 2022-01-20)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Görüntü analizi ile bütün ve doldurulmuş sazanların ağırlık ve renk değerlendirmesi Weight estimation of whole fish and fillets, and skin color of whole fish and fillet meat colors of the male and female scaled and mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) were evaluated by image analysis. After measuring the weight of 10 scaled and 10 mirror carp and their fillets, pictures of both sides of whole fish, and meat side of fillets were taken in a light box. The relationship between weight (W) and view area (V) was calculated by linear (W = A + BV), and power (W = A VB) equations. According to the power equation B values, scaled and mirror carps showed positive allometric growth in culture conditions. Statistically, there was no significant difference between the parameters of whole fish left and right sides, as well as whole fish gender. The same was true for right and left fillets, and female and male fish fillets. For both left and right sides scaled and mirror carp had no difference between average L*, a* and b* values (P&amp;gt;0.05). Also, there was no difference between average L*, a* and b*values of male and female of scaled and mirror carp fillets (P&amp;gt;0.05). Image analysis can be used to determine the size, weight, view area and skin and meat color of two carp species and their fillets. Physics ; Humanities ; Art Textile materials and evaluations ; Color perception and design
Authors: Jacqueline Heckenhauer | Russell J. Stewart | Blanca Ríos‐Touma | Ashlyn Powell | Tshering Dorji | Paul B. Frandsen | Steffen U. Pauls
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2022-08-29)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Characterization of primary structure of the major silk gene, <i>h-fibroin</i> , across caddisfly suborders (Trichoptera) Abstract Background Larvae of Trichoptera produce silk to build various underwater structures allowing them to exploit a wide range of aquatic environments. The heavy chain fibroin ( h-fibroin ) gene encodes the primary protein component of their silk. Studies on this long (&gt;20 kbp) and highly repetitive gene have been limited by difficulties in its sequence assembly. Recently, high-quality long-read sequencing techniques have been successfully applied to obtain the full-length h-fibroin sequence. Results We used three new and five previously published genomes to identify eight full-length h-fibroin gene and protein sequences of h-fibroin across the order Trichoptera covering various endpoints of the diversity of ecological silk use in caddisflies. We analyze these together with four existing high-quality h-fibroin sequences. Across the order, we observed conserved patterns in h-fibroin (high similarity of amino(n)-/carboxyl(c)-termini, presence of characteristic repeating structural modules). However, the sequence, number, and arrangement of these repeating modules varied across clades with increasing structural complexity of h-fibroin in fixed retreat and tube-case builders compared to cocoon-builders. We also found a higher percentage of proline in fixed-retreat makers. Conclusion This study provides characterizations of the primary structure of h-fibroin from a diverse set of caddisflies. The interplay of conserved termini and basic motif structure with high variation in repeating modules as well as the variation in the percentage of proline might be linked to differences in mechanical properties (i.e., tensile strength, toughness) related to the different silk usage. This sets a starting point for future studies to screen and correlate amino acid motifs and other sequence features with quantifiable silk properties. Fibroin ; Caddisfly ; SILK ; Gene ; Biology ; Sequence (biology) ; Evolutionary biology ; Genome ; Whole genome sequencing ; Computational biology ; Larva ; Materials science ; Genetics ; Ecology ; Composite material Silk-based biomaterials and applications ; Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior ; Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies