jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: T. Ito | R. Kadono
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-10-30)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Distinguishing Ion Dynamics from Muon diffusion in Muon Spin Relaxation We propose a model to describe the fluctuations in the internal magnetic field due to ion dynamics observed in the muon spin relaxation ($μ$SR) by an Edwards-Anderson type autocorrelation function that separates the quasi-static and dynamic components of the correlation by a parameter $Q$ (where $0\le Q\le1$). Our Monte Carlo simulations for this model showed that the time evolution of muon spin polarization deviates significantly from the Kubo-Toyabe (KT) function. To further validate the model, the results of simulations were compared with the $μ$SR spectra observed in a hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite FAPbI$_3$ [with FA referring to HC(NH$_2)_2$], where local field fluctuations associated with the rotational motion of FA molecules and quasi-static fields from the PbI$_3$ lattice are presumed to coexist. The least-squares curve fitting showed reasonable agreement with the model with $Q=0.947(3)$, and the fluctuation frequency of the dynamical component was obtained. This result opens the door to the possibility of experimentally distinguishing fluctuations due to dynamics of ions around muons from those due to self-diffusion of muons. Meanwhile, it suggests the need to carefully consider the spin relaxation function when applying $μ$SR to the issue of ion dynamics. Muon ; Muon spin spectroscopy ; Physics ; Autocorrelation ; Condensed matter physics ; Ion ; Monte Carlo method ; Relaxation (psychology) ; Correlation function (quantum field theory) ; Quantum mechanics ; Dielectric Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications ; Muon and positron interactions and applications ; Solid-state spectroscopy and crystallography
Authors: Hakimi Kassim - | Sharifah Norain Mohd Sharif - | Mohamad Termizi Borhan | Nhishalini Karunakaran -
Source: International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research (article, 2023-12-11)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Development and Perceptions of Chemistry Trainee Teachers on Design, Content and Usability of e-CBM for Chemical Bonding Topic Chemical bonding serves as a fundamental concept in the study of chemistry and is vital in the understanding of structures, properties and reactions of chemical compounds. Multiple studies in the literature have reported that chemical bonding is considered by students and educators as one of the most complex topics in chemistry. The application of electronic modules as an educational tool for chemistry topics has gained extensive use due to its effectiveness in enhancing learning outcomes by facilitating the interactive and dynamic engagement with complex chemical concepts. Herein, we report the development of an electronic module via Genially platform for the chemical bonding topic called e-CBM using the ADDIE instructional design framework. This study evaluated the perceptions of 103 chemistry trainee teachers selected through a simple random sampling technique on the design, content and usability of e-CBM. This study revealed that the e-CBM exhibited high validity for the perceptions on the design, content and usability among the respondents and warrants the need for further investigation to assess its effectiveness as a teaching aid for the chemical bonding topic. Usability ; Chemistry ; Perception ; Chemistry education ; Computer science ; ADDIE Model ; Multimedia ; Human–computer interaction ; Psychology ; Pedagogy Various Chemistry Research Topics ; Chemistry and Chemical Engineering ; Innovative Teaching Methods
Authors: Enzo Isnard | Sébastien Héron | Stéphane Lanteri | Mahmoud Elsawy
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-10-03)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Advancing Wavefront Shaping with Resonant Nonlocal Metasurfaces: Beyond the Limitations of Lookup Tables Resonant metasurfaces are of paramount importance in addressing the growing demand for reduced thickness and complexity, while ensuring high optical efficiency. This becomes particularly crucial in overcoming fabrication challenges associated with high aspect ratio structures, thereby enabling seamless integration of metasurfaces with electronic components at an advanced level. However, traditional design approaches relying on lookup tables and local field approximations often fail to achieve optimal performance, especially for nonlocal resonant metasurfaces. In this study, we investigate the use of statistical learning optimization techniques for nonlocal resonant metasurfaces, with a specific emphasis on the role of near-field coupling in wavefront shaping beyond single unit cell simulations. Our study achieves significant advancements in the design of resonant metasurfaces. For transmission-based metasurfaces, a beam steering design outperforms the classical design by achieving an impressive efficiency of 80\% compared to the previous 23%. Additionally, our optimized extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) metalens yields a remarkable five-fold increase in focal depth, a four-fold enhancement in focusing power compared to conventional designs and an optical resolution superior to 600 cycle/mm across the focus region. Moreover, our study demonstrates remarkable performance with a wavelength-selected beam steering metagrating in reflection, achieving exceptional efficiency surpassing 85\%. This far outperforms classical gradient phase distribution approaches, emphasizing the immense potential for groundbreaking applications in the field of resonant metasurfaces. Wavefront ; Computer science ; Beam steering ; Focus (optics) ; Reflection (computer programming) ; Optics ; Beam (structure) ; Electronic engineering ; Physics ; Engineering Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research
Authors: Fan Lü | Yue Yu | Honglin Song | Xiaohan Zhang | Xinyun Hu | Yongshou Dai
Source: Separations (article, 2023-05-05)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Study on Homogeneous Reduction Technology in Gas Samples for Oil and Gas Loss The process of storing oil depots and combined station tanks is affected by factors such as process technology, equipment, and management methods. Inevitably, some heavy hydrocarbon components will condense. According to the available literature, the existing detection methods are not enough to accurately measure the component composition so that the proportion of heavy hydrocarbon substances in the lost gas is reduced. In this paper, by inventing a homogeneous reduction device, the lost gas in the entire laboratory process was kept in a homogeneous state so that the gas components were well-retained. Using the homogeneous reduction method and a traditional inspection method, gas chromatography was performed on a standard gas and the on-site lost gas, respectively. The standard gas measurement results show that the mean deviations of the homogeneous reduction method and the traditional test method were −3.45% and −11.62%, respectively, and the reduction degree reached 96.55% with the homogeneous reduction method. The results of the on-site gas loss measurements show that the proportions of most hydrocarbon substances in each lost gas increase to varying degrees after using the homogeneous reduction technology. Therefore, it is proved that these components can be better preserved using the homogeneous reduction method. It can effectively avoid the condensation of components, which is of great significance to the study of oil and gas loss. Homogeneous ; Gas chromatography ; Reduction (mathematics) ; Dry gas ; Hydrocarbon ; Natural gas ; Petroleum engineering ; Chemistry ; Gas composition ; Fossil fuel ; Process engineering ; Environmental science ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Chromatography ; Mathematics ; Thermodynamics ; Engineering ; Organic chemistry ; Physics Petroleum Processing and Analysis ; Cyclone Separators and Fluid Dynamics ; Oil and Gas Production Techniques
Authors: Ikhtiyarova G.A. Raxmonov Sh.T.
Source: Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (article, 2023-04-12)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

THE STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS OF ELEMENTS OF LARGE AND SMALL PERIODS BY A MODERN METHOD <strong><em>Abstract:</em></strong><em> This article describes the ways of explaining the topic “Atomic structure of small and large period elements” in a new interpretation. Of course, this recommendation is important for teachers of chemistry, which describes ways of explaining the topic in a broad manner based on a new and innovative approach. Because nowadays innovations are used in every field, including education. It is important that the teacher aims to improve the quality of education by using modern pedagogical technologies and innovative methods in each subject. This guide is definitely important for chemistry teachers.</em> Materials science Material Properties and Applications
Authors: Larissa Wellhöfer | Mareike Machleid | Arnim Lühken
Source: Chemistry Teacher International (article, 2023-05-10)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

“I don’t know, ask the chemists – I think it’s kind of a consensus among them” – Information practice in a problem-based beginner lab Abstract Information literacy is increasingly acknowledged as a contextual and social practice in teaching and research and can be beneficial to further our understanding of laboratory learning. However, there is a need for in-depth insight into the lived information practice in chemistry to develop contextualized information literacy instruction. This work explores the negotiation of information between beginners and experienced members of the chemistry community in a problem-based beginner laboratory. To this end, we conducted a qualitative study following the documentary method by audio-recording the students’ first lab session on-site. The reconstruction of the students’ information practice shows how beginners learn about group-specific knowledge through participation. The results highlight the importance of corporeal information to give meaning to textual and social information in the chemistry laboratory. Exemplified by the concept of acidification, our findings show how social and textual information alone is insufficient for beginner students’ understanding of tacit information. Physical experience and social guidance are necessary to develop shared conceptions between people in the chemistry laboratory practice. Beginner laboratory instruction could benefit from this work’s results by teaching beginners about the corporeal, social, and textual information modalities and showing how they connect in practice. Information literacy ; Meaning (existential) ; Session (web analytics) ; Negotiation ; Tacit knowledge ; Community of practice ; Modalities ; Social practice ; Computer science ; Mathematics education ; Psychology ; Sociology ; Pedagogy ; World Wide Web ; Knowledge management ; Social science Various Chemistry Research Topics ; Educational Strategies and Epistemologies ; Science Education and Pedagogy
Authors: Abebe Moges
Source: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (article, 2023-06-07)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Introducing Chemistry Students to Experiments Using the Antimicrobial Herbal Garden Cress Seeds The purpose of this study was to introduce students to herbal chemistry, guide them in extracting, purifying, and testing phytochemicals in a college laboratory setting. One of the most economical and readily available herbs is garden cress seed, which is a small, pinhead-sized seed that has found nutritional value. Antimicrobial ; Traditional medicine ; Herbal supplement ; Chemistry ; Botany ; Biology ; Medicine ; Alternative medicine ; Organic chemistry Various Chemistry Research Topics
Authors: Noora E. Yau | Konrad Klockars , FI-00076 Aalto, Finland | Kirsi Niinimäki
Source:  (article, 2023-06-19)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Shimmering Wood – Design “Thinging” in Material Development Process This paper presents an interdisciplinary research project where new material is developed in a collaboration between design and materials science. The objective of the Shimmering Wood project is to develop a nanocellulose-based structural color and investigate its possibilities in the context of design. We present two interconnected design cases that focus on the visual possibilities of the coffee ring effect, a feature of nanocellulose-based structural color. The text shows how new knowledge is built through design "thinging" – through constructed prototypes, material tinkering, and laboratory experiments. By analyzing the design "things" we aim to answer these questions: 1. What can interdisciplinary research and iterative knowledge building through design "thinging" look like? 2. How can design "things" be used in the materials’ development process to imagine and envision a new way to use nanocellulose-based structural color? Context (archaeology) ; Process (computing) ; Focus (optics) ; Design process ; Engineering design process ; Feature (linguistics) Material Selection and Properties ; Nanotechnology research and applications ; Consumer Packaging Perceptions and Trends
Authors: Emily Faulconer
Source: Quarterly review of distance education (article, 2023-08-03)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

A Comparison of Chemistry Anxiety Between Online and In-Person Students This study compared reported chemistry anxiety in an undergraduate chemistry course between online and classroom students. Results indicated slightly higher levels of anxiety for online students although findings were not statistically significant. However, activities resulting in high anxiety for both groups were identified. Gender was identified as a moderating variable with significantly more women than men indicating a high anxiety level when entering the lab and getting chemicals on their hands. Gender should be explored as a variable for anxiety and confidence when working with chemicals. Curriculum designers can also use the survey and methodology to evaluate their programs. Anxiety ; Curriculum ; Computer-assisted web interviewing ; Online course Various Chemistry Research Topics ; Chemical Safety and Risk Management ; Gender and Technology in Education
Authors: Firozeh Kazemi | M. Mostajeran | Gennady Romanov
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2023-09-12)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Analysis of multipacting threshold sensitivity to the random distributions of the secondary electron yield parameters Abstract The way multipacting develops, depends strongly on the secondary emission property of the surface material. The knowledge of secondary electron yield is crucial for accurate prediction of the multipacting threshold. Variations in secondary electron yield parameters from experimental measurements create uncertainty, stemming from handling and surface preparation, and these uncertainties significantly affect multipacting threshold predictions. Despite their significance, the previous studies on the multipacting phenomenon did not adequately address the effect of an assumed random distribution of the secondary emission parameters on the multipacting threshold. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive statistical study on how the different random distributions of the secondary emission parameters and, as a result, the uncertainty in the secondary electron yield affect multipacting thresholds. We focus on three commonly used distributions, namely uniform, normal, and truncated normal distributions, to define the uncertainty of random inputs. We use the chaos polynomial expansion method to determine how much each of the random parameters contributes to the multipacting threshold uncertainty. Additionally, we calculate Sobol sensitivity indices to evaluate the impact of the individual parameters or groups of parameters on the model outputs and study how different random distributions of these parameters affected the Sobol index results. Sobol sequence ; Secondary emission ; Secondary electrons ; Sensitivity (control systems) ; Yield (engineering) ; Random variable ; Statistical physics ; Mathematics ; Probability distribution ; Electron ; Statistics ; Monte Carlo method ; Physics ; Thermodynamics ; Nuclear physics ; Engineering ; Electronic engineering Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques ; Advanced Chemical Physics Studies ; Machine Learning in Materials Science
Authors: James K. Kariuki | Thao Vy Nguyen | Rhythm Singh
Source: International Journal for Students as Partners (article, 2023-05-04)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Reflections of a professor and undergraduate student-instructors: Our experiences teaching a first-year seminar course and chemistry labs is one of the University of Alberta's campuses.It is primarily an Course (navigation) ; Mathematics education ; Medical education ; Engineering physics ; Psychology ; Chemistry ; Engineering ; Medicine Various Chemistry Research Topics ; Academic Writing and Publishing
Authors: Palash Chandra Dev Nath | Tanjibul Hasan Sajib | Sarmin Akhter Beauty
Source: American Journal of Art and Design (article, 2023-12-28)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

An Approach to Achieve Zero Wastage Pattern for Female Skirt According to this concept, a zero waste pattern is one that is created so that when the clothes is cut, it leaves no waste behind. Cutting fabric into different pieces and assembling them using sewing, fusing, welding, and other techniques to form garments is the basic method of creating clothes. Many yards of cloth are typically wasted in the process. In the process, a lot of cloth is frequently wasted. Zero waste skirt design is the major focus of this thesis. The activities and design procedures that result in such clothing are the main subject of this thesis's discussion of zero-waste pattern design. Zero Waste fashion design is regulated in the fashion industry because some production issues like the classification of clothing designs to generate size categories and the usage of fabric as a material create a new kind of convenience. In order to assure an ideal system, this study examines typical skirt design styles, which brings needless variables into the planning process. As a result, the process of creating patterns is improved by the elimination of analog variables. The study demonstrates that practical adjustments in the creative style of the skirt design may be made while maintaining the skirt's structural integrity and employing traditional patterns. The findings may be applied to help the development of zero rust pattern creation techniques and to direct pattern makers and manufacturers in objective further selection. Zero (linguistics) ; Computer science Textile materials and evaluations
Authors: Petar Sharkov | М.Ю. Миронов
Source: МОРСКИЕ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ (article, 2023-08-28)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

Geometrically nonlinear analysis of resonant vibrations of the frame model of the superstructure during pitching Работа посвящена созданию комплекса вычислительных моделей гидродинамики и прочности, описывающих поведение маломерного научно-исследовательского судна (НИС), строящегося студенческим конструкторским бюро СПбГМТУ [1]-[3]. Рассматривается моделирование поведения легкой гибкой катерной надстройки из стеклопластика, представляющей собой пространственную сложную раму и предназначенную для размещения на ней массивного и жесткого яруса фотоэлектрических панелей. Расчетными для такой конструкции являются инерционные нагрузки при качке судна. Низкая конструкционная жесткость делает необходимым анализ колебаний конструкции в геометрически нелинейной постановке для выявления истинных амплитуд отклика в околорезонансной зоне, запасов прочности и жесткости, возможностей их повышения при использовании такелажа. В первом приближении анализируется поведение плоской рамы без расчалок и с расчалками для случая высокоамплитудного гармонического поворота опорной плоскости, имитирующего бортовую качку. The work is devoted to the creation of a complex of computational models of hydrodynamics and strength describing the behavior of a small research vessel (NIS) under construction by the student design bureau of SPbGMTU [1]-[3]. Modeling of the behavior of a light flexible fiberglass boat superstructure, which is a spatial complex frame and designed to accommodate a massive and rigid tier of photovoltaic panels on it, is considered. The design for such a design is the inertial loads during the rolling of the vessel. Low structural rigidity makes it necessary to analyze the vibrations of the structure in a geometrically nonlinear formulation to identify the true response amplitudes in the near-resonance zone, strength and stiffness reserves, and the possibilities of increasing them when using rigging. In the first approximation, the behavior of a flat frame without braces and with braces is analyzed for the case of a high-amplitude harmonic rotation of the reference plane, simulating a side pitching. Analysis of resonant vibrations of the frame model of the superstructure during pitching Structural engineering ; Vibration ; Rigidity (electromagnetism) ; Superstructure ; Nonlinear system ; Stiffness ; Rotation (mathematics) ; Frame (networking) ; Amplitude ; Work (physics) ; Engineering ; Physics ; Acoustics ; Mechanical engineering ; Geometry ; Mathematics ; Optics Material Properties and Applications ; Engineering Diagnostics and Reliability ; Food Industry and Aquatic Biology