jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Yanhong Wang | Ettore Barbieri | Yi Zhang | Nicholas J. Terrill | Himadri S. Gupta
Source: Journal of The Royal Society Interface (article, 2025-03-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Integrating ultrastructural diffraction imaging and multiscale modelling to unveil the nanoscale mechanics of arthropod cuticle in bending Determining the mechano-structural relations in biological materials with hierarchical structure is crucial to understanding natural optimization strategies and designing functional bioinspired composites. However, measuring the nanoscale mechanics and dynamic response is challenging when the specimen geometry and loading environment are physiologically complex. To overcome this challenge, we develop a combination of synchrotron X-ray diffraction testing and analytical modelling to explore the mechano-structural changes during bending loads on stomatopod cuticle. Stomatopod cuticle is an example of a hierarchical biomaterial optimized for high impact and bending resistance. Using models for large deformations of elastic continua, we measure cuticle strains from macroscopic deformations and combine diffraction-based fibril strains with stresses to quantify the local elastic moduli and nanoscale strain concentration factors, which are found to vary across cuticle sub-regions and under different flexion loading modes. This approach has the advantage of identifying constituent biomaterial properties and mechanisms <i>in situ</i> and is also suitable for studying time-dependent changes, such as concurrent strains of the nanofibrous phase that occur during physiological loading. Nanoscopic scale ; Bending ; Materials science ; Nanomechanics ; Diffraction ; Microscopy ; Biomaterial ; Characterization (materials science) ; Cuticle (hair) ; Biological system ; Nanotechnology ; Composite material ; Atomic force microscopy ; Optics ; Physics ; Geology Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition ; Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications ; Silk-based biomaterials and applications
Authors: Jianan He | Jianxun Cai | Jingjing Zhang | Zhimin Li | Kunpeng Wei | C.S. Liu | Lei Yan | Xinyan Hu | Lin Huang | Hairun Gan | Dashuai Wang | Bing Li | Huitao Zhang | Pengfei Pang
Source: Journal of Nanobiotechnology (article, 2025-10-28)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Enhanced atherosclerosis molecular imaging and therapy with collagen hybridizing peptide functionalized albumin nanoparticles Intraluminal drug coated devices, such as paclitaxel (PTX)-coated balloons, are commonly used to treat arterial occlusive diseases caused by atherosclerosis. However, their efficacy is limited by drug loss, poor drug retention, insufficient penetration and high costs. Nanoparticles with molecular targeting capabilities offer a promising solution to these challenges. Collagen hybridizing peptide (CHP) specifically binds to degraded collagen in atherosclerotic plaques, enabling precise molecular imaging and targeted therapy. In this study, we demonstrated that collagen degradation was significantly elevated in atherosclerotic plaques and could be effectively identified by CHP in both atherosclerosis patients and mice models. Using the emerging copper-free click chemistry reaction, we functionalized the widely used albumin-based indocyanine green nanoparticles and albumin-bound paclitaxel nanoparticles with CHP, developing a targeted nanoplatform for molecular imaging and therapy. In vivo photoacoustic (PA) imaging and ex vivo fluorescence (FL) imaging revealed significantly enhanced PA and FL signals in carotid artery and aorta plaques with CHP functionalized nanoparticles engaging. Furthermore, therapeutic evaluations showed that CHP significantly improved the plaque-targeting capability of albumin-bound paclitaxel nanoparticles, thereby enhancing their therapeutic efficacy against atherosclerotic plaques. These findings highlighted CHP-functionalized albumin nanoparticles as a promising strategy for precise and effective atherosclerosis molecular imaging and treatment. Molecular imaging ; Paclitaxel ; In vivo ; Ex vivo ; Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy ; Nanocarriers ; Nanoparticle ; Peptide Collagen: Extraction and Characterization ; Polymer Surface Interaction Studies ; Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Ariane Krause Padilha Lorenzett | Tatiane Patrícia Babinski | Vanderlei Aparecido de Lima | Rubiana Mara Mainardes
Source: ACS Nanoscience Au (article, 2025-01-29)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Optimization of Eudragit RS100 Nanocapsule Formulation for Encapsulating Perillyl Alcohol and Temozolomide Using Design of Experiments Glioblastoma, an aggressive intracranial tumor, presents significant therapeutic challenges due to the restrictive nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which limits the effectiveness of conventional treatments. This study aimed to develop and optimize a nanoencapsulated system for intranasal delivery of temozolomide (TMZ) and perillyl alcohol (POH), designed to circumvent BBB limitations, utilizing Eudragit RS100 as the encapsulation matrix. A factorial design approach optimized key parameters, including Eudragit RS100 concentration, POH amount, drip rate, and organic-to-aqueous phase ratio. The nanocapsules were characterized by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The optimized nanocapsules demonstrated a mean diameter of 253 ± 52 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.145 ± 0.037, indicating uniform size distribution. A zeta potential of approximately +20 mV supported colloidal stability. Encapsulation efficiencies were 3.7% for POH and 28.5% for TMZ. This nanoencapsulated delivery system offers a promising approach for glioblastoma treatment, potentially enhancing clinical outcomes and reducing treatment-associated toxicity. Alcohol ; Temozolomide ; Materials science ; Chemistry ; Medicine ; Organic chemistry ; Surgery Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Advanced Drug Delivery Systems ; Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
Authors: Chunsheng Liu | Songyuan Wang | Yuyue Zhao | Ying H. Shen | Meng Zhang | Haoqian Li | Yanqin Wang | Yanru Xue | Xiaogang Wu | Weiyi Chen | Liming He
Source: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology (article, 2025-10-31)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Design of a porous biodegradable internal fixation for the treatment of pauwels type III femoral neck fractures Prolonged internal fixation in the femur can cause issues like osteosclerosis and stress masking, which hinder fracture recovery. AZ31b magnesium alloy has already been widely investigated and shown to be biocompatible and biodegradable. This study used finite element analysis to investigate stress changes during healing, aiming to find the best time for removing internal fixation and focuses on optimizing the structural design of internal fixation, using AZ31b magnesium alloy, to address issues like osteosclerosis and stress shielding in femoral neck fracture healing. This study focuses on optimizing structural design for the treatment of Pauwels III femoral neck fractures using cannulated screws. Pauwels III fractures are characterized by high shear stress and unstable fracture angles, making them prone to fixation failure. By optimizing the fixation method, the risk of complications such as osteosclerosis and stress shielding can be mitigated, ultimately improving clinical outcomes. The findings show that when cancellous bone heals but cortical bone does not, stress on the fracture surface decreases. Early removal of titanium internal fixation, followed by biodegradable porous internal fixation, allows for natural degradation during healing. We simulated stress evolution across healing stages via finite element modeling to determine optimal fixation replacement timing. Four AZ31b magnesium alloy porous structures (cubic, honeycomb, diagonally orientated, modified truncated pyramid) were designed; their equivalent elastic modulus and strength were evaluated through simulated compression tests, while permeability was analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). We found that the cubic and honeycomb structures were found to have higher permeability (6.23 × 10<sup>-7</sup> m<sup>2</sup>, 1.636 × 10<sup>-7</sup> m<sup>2</sup>) and have high elastic modulus (8.422Gpa, 14.694Gpa) which can match the elastic modulus of human bone. Optimal structures were then applied to an inverted triangular screw group model for biomechanical validation post-femoral neck fracture fixation. Finite element analysis of a Pauwels III femoral neck fracture model indicated that the honeycomb porous internal fixation had superior mechanical properties. In conclusion, this study proposed a solution to osteosclerosis and stress masking after femoral neck fracture surgery. Internal fixation ; Stress shielding ; Cancellous bone ; Bone healing ; Femoral neck ; Porosity ; Femur ; Femoral fracture ; Femoral canal Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications ; Bone fractures and treatments ; Orthopaedic implants and arthroplasty
Authors: John D. Shimanek | Darshan Bamney | Laurent Capolungo | Zi‐Kui Liu | Allison M. Beese
Source: Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering (article, 2025-01-23)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Effect of anisotropic Peierls barrier on the evolution of discrete dislocation networks in Ni Abstract Over low and intermediate strain rates, plasticity in face centered cubic (FCC) metals is governed by the glide of dislocations, which manifest as complex networks that evolve with strain. Considering the elastic anisotropy of FCC metals, the characteristics of dislocation motion are also anisotropic (i.e. dislocation character angle-dependent), which is expected to notably influence the overall evolution of the dislocation network, and consequently, the plastic response of these materials. The aggregate influence of the anisotropy in the Peierls stress on the mechanical response of single crystal Ni was investigated in the present work using discrete dislocation dynamics simulations. Twenty initial dislocation networks, differing in their configuration and dislocation density, were deformed under uniaxial tension up to at least 0.9% strain, and the analysis of character-dependent dynamics showed a suppression of plasticity only for segments of nearly screw character. While the increased screw component of the Peierls stress raised the initial strain hardening rate, it also resulted in longer dislocation segments overall, contrary to the reasoning that longer pinned segments exhibit a lower resistance to motion and might give a weaker response. A non-linear superposition principle is demonstrated to predict the hardening reasonably well, considering the cumulative effects of forest and Peierls stress-related strengthening. Further analysis of the network topology revealed a tendency to maintain connectivity over the course of deformation for those networks simulated using an unequal Peierls stress. The general increases in hardening rate and network connectivity contrast with the localized reduction of dislocation motion, which occurred mainly for segments of nearly screw-type character. Materials science ; Peierls stress ; Dislocation ; Condensed matter physics ; Anisotropy ; Hardening (computing) ; Plasticity ; Deformation (meteorology) ; Stress (linguistics) ; Glide plane ; Dislocation creep ; Composite material ; Physics ; Optics Microstructure and mechanical properties ; Advanced Materials Characterization Techniques ; High Temperature Alloys and Creep
Authors: Paolo Trucillo
Source: Processes (article, 2025-04-13)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Advances in Drug Delivery System Designs and Therapeutics The field of drug delivery has experienced significant advancements in the design of novel carrier systems, alternative administration routes, and innovative therapeutic strategies [...] Drug delivery ; Drug ; Computer science ; Medicine ; Pharmacology ; Nanotechnology ; Materials science Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Advanced Drug Delivery Systems ; RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Authors: Alexander Liptak | K. Lawson | M. I. Hasan
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2025-04-29)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A molecular dynamics study of the sputtering processes of beryllium species by hydrogenic plasma The plasma-facing components of nuclear fusion reactors are continuously subjected to high thermal loads and bombardment by hydrogenic ions, resulting in erosion of the first-wall material and sputtering of atomic and molecular species into the edge plasma. The management of reactor component lifetimes and control of sputtered plasma impurities remain open problems in fusion research, where quantifying the sputtering yields and understanding the sputtering processes of each impurity species is pivotal for planning an effective maintenance schedule and ensuring optimal plasma performance. Although the sputtering of atomic species is historically well-established, the sputtering of molecules from metallic first-wall materials such as beryllium has only recently been confirmed possible and relevant for fusion reactors. In this study, a molecular dynamics model is used to investigate the sputtering of atomic beryllium, Be <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow></mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:math> dimers, Be <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow></mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:math> trimers, beryllium hydrides, and hydrogenic dimers. The sputtering yield of each species is reported, and the observed ion trajectory preferential sputtering behaviour is presented; beryllium lattice thermal effects as well as bombarding ion isotope effects are discussed where relevant. A theoretical description of the universal sputtering yield relation and its various corrections are explored in detail, and the molecular dynamics model is benchmarked against analytical, computational and experimental data. Beryllium ; Sputtering ; Plasma ; Dynamics (music) ; Molecular dynamics ; Atomic physics ; Chemical physics ; Chemistry ; Materials science ; Physics ; Nanotechnology ; Computational chemistry ; Nuclear physics ; Thin film Fusion materials and technologies ; Metal and Thin Film Mechanics ; Ion-surface interactions and analysis
Authors: Milin Lekmuenwai | Piyachit Yingkiatinon | Warin Namkotr | Chatchawan Tancharoensup | Tanyakorn Muangnapoh | Tippawan Sodsai | Paiboon Sreearunothai | Krissada Surawathanawises | Bhawat Traipattanakul
Source: Nanomaterials (article, 2025-05-29)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Water Harvesting Performance of Modified Nanostructure Aluminum Using Silica Nanoparticles Coating and Laser Processing Dew collection is one of the most efficient water harvesting methods. In this work, we experimentally investigated the effects of modified nanostructured surfaces on water harvesting performance. Aluminum surfaces exhibiting hydrophobic, superhydrophobic, hydrophilic, and biphilic properties were utilized in this study. The superhydrophobic surface was fabricated using a fluorinated modified silica nanoparticles coating, while nanolaser processing and the surface abrasion with sandpapers were employed to create two distinct hydrophilic structures. In addition, various biphilic surface patterns, incorporating both superhydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics, were also fabricated. The nanolaser-treated surface demonstrated the highest water harvesting performance, achieving a water collection of 386.7 mL/m<sup>2</sup>. This performance represented a 42% increase compared to unpolished sample and a 282% increase relative to the superhydrophobic sample. Furthermore, the results indicated that the optimal biphilic surface pattern occurred at a 1:4 superhydrophobic-to-hydrophilic area ratio. The experimental outcomes were further interpreted through the mechanisms underlying water harvesting. Additionally, the experimental results were explained with the water harvesting mechanism. Materials science ; Abrasion (mechanical) ; Superhydrophobic coating ; Nanostructure ; Nanoparticle ; Coating ; Nanotechnology ; Nanolaser ; Contact angle ; Surface modification ; Chemical engineering ; Aluminium ; Composite material ; Optoelectronics Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity ; Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods ; Aerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation
Authors: Eren Şahi̇ner | Yasin Altın
Source: Polymers (article, 2025-09-23)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

In-Process Recycling of 35% Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide 6,6 Runners: Effects on Thermomechanical Properties and Viability for Diesel Injector Socket Production Significant pre-consumer waste in the form of runners is generated during the injection molding of high-performance automotive components, representing both a substantial economic loss and an environmental burden. This study therefore comprehensively evaluated the mechanical recycling of pre-consumer 35% glass fiber-reinforced Polyamide 6,6 (%35GF-PA66) runners for in-process reuse in diesel injector socket production. The effects of blending recycled polymer (RP) at 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight and up to 10 recycling cycles with 15 wt.% RP on the thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties were investigated. Tensile strength slightly decreased (~3% at 10% RP) compared to virgin material, while elongation at break increased with higher RP content. Multiple recycling cycles had minimal impact on tensile strength, and the heat deflection temperature (HDT) remained nearly constant (~0.7 °C variation after 10 cycles, within experimental uncertainty). The melt flow index (MFI) increased significantly with successive recycling cycles, indicating molecular weight reduction due to thermomechanical degradation. DSC analysis confirmed stable melting and crystallization temperatures (variation < 1 °C), suggesting preserved crystalline structure. SEM analysis revealed increased void formation at the fiber-matrix interface and fiber attrition with successive recycling, correlating with reduced flexural properties. In-process recycling of %35GF-PA66 runners is viable, particularly at ≤15% RP and fewer cycles, offering significant cost savings (e.g., ~EUR 344,000 annually for a large producer) and environmental benefits. Polyamide ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Glass fiber ; Izod impact strength test ; Heat deflection temperature ; Crystallization ; Melt flow index ; Elongation ; Flexural strength Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Fiber-reinforced polymer composites ; Polymer crystallization and properties
Authors: Ahmad Sadeghian | Saeed Adibnazari
Source: Designs (article, 2025-08-25)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Design-Informed Evaluation and Fretting Damage Mapping of Additive-Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Components This paper experimentally investigates the fretting fatigue behavior of metal additive-manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy specimens fabricated using the selective laser melting (SLM) method, focusing on damage characterization and fatigue life assessment. Based on the ASTM E466 standard, the test components were manufactured using metal 3D printing technology. Fretting fatigue tests were conducted under varying axial stress levels and contact loads, followed by microscopic examinations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze damage mechanisms. A fretting map was developed based on SEM observations, providing insights into damage evolution under different loading conditions. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between fretting fatigue parameters and failure mechanisms. The developed fretting map and experimental observations provide a foundation for further studies aimed at enhancing the fretting fatigue life assessment of standard specimens for different test parameters. Finally, this paper includes design-oriented evaluation frameworks that can guide engineers in integrating AM components into safety-critical systems under fretting fatigue conditions. Fretting ; Materials science ; Metallurgy ; Forensic engineering ; Engineering Titanium Alloys Microstructure and Properties ; Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals ; High Temperature Alloys and Creep
Authors: Redouane Messnaoui | Mhammed El Bakkali | Mostafa Elkhaoudi | Omar Cherkaοui | Aziz Soulhi
Source: Data & Metadata (article, 2025-01-24)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Predicting the tensile strength of a new fabric using artificial intelligence (fuzzy logic) One of the most important characteristics of a warp and weft fabric is its tensile strength. The aim of this research is to develop a practical fuzzy logic model that could anticipate the ideal tensile strength of new fabrics by modifying only the weave structure. An experimental part was carried out on different weave structures to obtain the results that will enable the development of this new model. We then used the fuzzy logic model to compare its results with those of the experimental tests. The calculated mean absolute error of the fuzzy model was 1.83% for tensile strength in the warp direction and 1.99% for tensile strength in the weft direction. This result also confirmed that the fuzzy model was not only effective, but also reliable in predicting the strength of the new fabric. Ultimate tensile strength ; Fuzzy logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer science ; Materials science ; Composite material ; Structural engineering ; Engineering Textile materials and evaluations ; Mechanical Behavior of Composites ; Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: Javier Calvelo | Héctor Musto | Uriel Koziol | Andrés Iriarte
Source: Molecular Biology and Evolution (article, 2025-09-23)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Evolution of SL-RNA Genes and Their Splicing Targets in Parasitic Flatworms Spliced leader (SL) trans-splicing is a key step in the processing of many mRNAs in different eukaryotic lineages, including in parasitic flatworms. Despite its importance, efforts for its characterization in this phylum have remained a collection of single-species studies with little exploration at a wider phylogenetic context. In this work, we present a comprehensive analysis of this process, based on the available genomic and transcriptomic data of 24 cestode and trematode species, including the identification of the SL-RNA sequences and their splicing acceptor transcripts and sites. We identified a main pattern of concerted evolution of SL-RNA loci in most flatworm species, as well as divergence of SL-RNA loci in selected species. However, even in species with several divergent SL-RNAs, there was no specialization in their targets. This, along with low SL trans-splicing levels, is in stark contrast with the global patterns of SL trans-splicing usage in nematodes. SL trans-splicing could be detected for a limited number of mRNAs in all species (<31%), and we found extensive use of the same splice acceptor sites for cis-splicing, especially for monocistronic transcripts. Ancestral SL trans-splicing sites are found in many conserved genes, including in putative ancestral operons that are shared between cestodes and trematodes. Flatworm ; Phylogenetic tree ; Gene ; RNA splicing ; Trans-splicing ; Phylum ; Operon ; Phylogenetics ; Alternative splicing Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications ; Chromosomal and Genetic Variations ; Parasite Biology and Host Interactions