jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Sangyun Lee | Andrew J. Woods | Minseong Lee | Shengzhi Zhang | Eun Sang Choi | Allen Scheie | D. M. Tennant | Jie Xing | Athena S. Sefat | R. Movshovich
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-02-09)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Magnetic field-temperature phase diagram of spin-1/2 triangular lattice antiferromagnet KYbSe$_2$ A quantum spin liquid (QSL) is a state of matter characterized by fractionalized quasiparticle excitations, quantum entanglement, and a lack of long-range magnetic order. However, QSLs have evaded definitive experimental observation. Several Yb$^{3+}$-based triangular lattice antiferromagnets with effective $S$ = $\frac{1}{2}$ have been suggested to stabilize the QSL state as the ground state. Here, we build a comprehensive magnetic temperature phase diagram of a high-quality single crystalline KYbSe$_2$ via heat capacity and magnetocaloric effect down to 30 mK with magnetic field applied along the $a$-axis. At zero magnetic field, we observe the magnetic long-range order at $T_N$ = 0.29 K entering 120 degrees ordered state in heat capacity, consistent with neutron scattering studies. Analysis of the low-temperature ($T$) specific heat ($C$) at zero magnetic field indicates linear $T$-dependence of $C/T$ and a broad hump of $C/T$ in the proximate QSL region above $T_N$. By applying magnetic field, we observe the up-up-down phase with 1/3 magnetization plateau and oblique phases, in addition to two new phases. These observations strongly indicate that while KYbSe$_2$ closely exhibits characteristics resembling an ideal triangular lattice, deviations may exist, such as the effect of the next-nearest-neighbor exchange interaction, calling for careful consideration for spin Hamiltonian modeling. Further investigations into tuning parameters, such as chemical pressure, could potentially induce an intriguing QSL phase in the material. Antiferromagnetism ; Condensed matter physics ; Phase diagram ; Hexagonal lattice ; Lattice (music) ; Physics ; Materials science ; Phase (matter) ; Quantum mechanics Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials ; Advanced Condensed Matter Physics ; Iron-based superconductors research
Authors: W. S. A. Sudarshana | L. K. T. Srimal | Ruwan Gallage
Source:  (article, 2024-12-18)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

USE OF COIR FIBRE-REINFORCED NATURAL RUBBER COMPOSITES FOR ROOFING INSULATION: A REVIEW In a building, most energy is consumed for the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) process. In this process, the thermal comfort in the building is maintained in a way that is comfortable for the people inside the building. The roof of a building plays a critical role in the building's overall energy efficiency and thermal comfort. Compared to walls, the roof is directly exposed to the sun, making it a major source of heat gain. Therefore, adding an insulation layer to the roof can help control a percentage of the heat entering the building and reduce the energy spent on HVAC systems. As a solution, researchers have been searching for sustainable insulation materials. These materials are becoming popular because they are biodegradable, non-toxic, and have significantly low embodied energy during manufacturing. These types of sustainable insulation materials are typically produced by using lignocellulose fiber. Coir fiber is one of the lignocellulose fibers derived from coconut husk and is a renewable, abundant, and environmentally friendly raw material for manufacturing composites. Polymeric composites reinforced with natural fibers such as coir fiber have been developed in recent years and exhibit significant potential for various engineering applications due to their sustainability, low cost, low weight, low thermal conductivity and mechanical strength. However, adding a binder material such as natural rubber to the coir fiber is essential to create the final material. Then, the final composite material will be fully biodegradable. This research work provides an overview of current information on coir fiber and coir fiber reinforced natural rubber composites. The manufacturing of various matrices reinforced with coir fiber and the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of these composites have been studied by several researchers and included in this review. With the help of these details, a research gap has been identified to optimize the porosity of the natural rubber composite with coir fiber reinforcement to preserve its strength and mechanical properties while minimizing thermal characteristics. Coir ; Roof ; Thermal insulation ; Natural rubber ; Husk ; Fiber ; Natural fiber ; Thermal conductivity ; Raw material Textile materials and evaluations ; Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Architectural and Urban Studies
Authors: A. Shalwan | Abdalrahman Alajmi | B.F. Yousif
Source: REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Theoretical study of the effect of orientations and fibre volume on the thermal insulation capability of reinforced polymer composites Abstract In industry, synthetic fibre reinforcements are popular due to their cost-effectiveness and lightweight nature. However, the non-reusability and non-degradability have raised environmental concerns and prompted scientists to explore more environmentally friendly alternatives. Natural fibres are being investigated as potential replacements to address these issues and promote sustainability. This study investigated the effect of fibre loading and orientation on the heat conductivity of polymer resins using a finite element-based numerical model developed in our previous research. The numerical analysis was conducted in ANSYS® modelling and simulation using glass and sisal fibres in combination with three distinct matrix materials (epoxy, polyester, and vinyl ester). Different orientations (parallel, perpendicular, 45°, and normal) and volume of fibre fractions (20–35%) were used for the analysis. The properties of the materials were incorporated into the ANSYS Engineering database, and the composite model was divided into five segments to analyse the heat transfer. The thermal boundary condition was implemented by keeping one side of the cylinder at 120°C. The results showed that the thermal conductivity of the composites decreased as the volume fraction of natural fibres increased. Epoxy-based composites exhibited better insulation performance than polyester and vinyl ester-based composites. This study demonstrated the potential of using natural fibres to improve the thermal insulation properties of composites. Composite material ; Materials science ; Volume (thermodynamics) ; Polymer ; Thermal ; Thermal insulation Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Mechanical Behavior of Composites ; Epoxy Resin Curing Processes
Authors: Pavla Šabacká | Jiří Maxa | Jana Švecová | Jaroslav Talár | Tomáš Binar | Robert C. Bayer | Petr Bača | Petra Dostalová | Jiří Švarc
Source: Sensors (article, 2024-05-26)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Mathematical-Physics Analyses of the Nozzle Shaping at the Aperture Gas Outlet into Free Space under ESEM Pressure Conditions The paper presents a methodology that combines experimental measurements and mathematical-physics analyses to investigate the flow behavior in a nozzle-equipped aperture associated with the solution of its impact on electron beam dispersion in an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The shape of the nozzle significantly influences the character of the supersonic flow beyond the aperture, especially the shape and type of shock waves, which are highly dense compared to the surrounding gas. These significantly affect the electron scattering, which influences the resulting image. This paper analyzes the effect of aperture and nozzle shaping under specific low-pressure conditions and its impact on the electron dispersion of the primary electron beam. Nozzle ; Environmental scanning electron microscope ; Aperture (computer memory) ; Optics ; Shock wave ; Cathode ray ; Mechanics ; Scanning electron microscope ; Electron ; Shock (circulatory) ; Materials science ; Dispersion (optics) ; Scattering ; Physics ; Acoustics ; Thermodynamics Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques ; Advancements in Photolithography Techniques ; Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications
Authors: Tad Hogg
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-09-07)
Field: Chemistry — Electrochemistry

Chemical Power Variability among Microscopic Robots in Blood Vessels Fuel cells using oxygen and glucose could power microscopic robots operating in blood vessels. Swarms of such robots can significantly reduce oxygen concentration, depending on the time between successive transits of the lung, hematocrit variation in vessels and tissue oxygen consumption. These factors differ among circulation paths through the body. This paper evaluates how these variations affect the minimum oxygen concentration due to robot consumption and where it occurs: mainly in moderate-sized veins toward the end of long paths prior to their merging with veins from shorter paths. This shows that tens of billions of robots can obtain hundreds of picowatts throughout the body with minor reduction in total oxygen. However, a trillion robots significantly deplete oxygen in some parts of the body. By storing oxygen or limiting their consumption in long circulation paths, robots can actively mitigate this depletion. The variation in behavior is illustrated in three cases: the portal system which involves passage through two capillary networks, the spleen whose slits significantly slow some of the flow, and large tissue consumption in coronary circulation. Robot ; Power (physics) ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Physics ; Thermodynamics Electrochemical Analysis and Applications ; Electrochemical sensors and biosensors ; Micro and Nano Robotics
Authors: Zixu Song | Jiang Xinyuan | N Yu | F Capasso | S Sun | Q He | J Hao | S Xiao | L Zhou | A Kuznetsov | A Miroshnichenko | M Brongersma | Y Kivshar | B Lukyanchuk | T Liu | R Xu | P Yu | Z Wang | J Takahara | Y Liu | X Zhou | Z Zhu | X Zhao | Y Yang | I Kravchenko | D Briggs | J Valentine | H Cheng | S Q Chen | X Duan | B Xie | J G Tian | S Salvatore | S David | Willie | A Komar | B Zeng | Z Huang | A Singh | Y Yao | A Azad | A Mohite | A Taylor | D Smith | H.-T Chen | Y Zhang | D Chen | W Ma | S You | J Zhang | M Fan | C Zhou | L Chew | W Dong | L Liu | J Behera | H Liu | K Sreekanth | L Mao | T Cao | J Yang | R Simpson | M Minkov | I Williamson | M Xiao | S Fan
Source:  (article, 2024-03-31)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Tunable High‑Q Resonance Metasurface High-quality (Q) resonance is a highly desirable characteristic in the field of optics.Metasurfaces provide an excellent platform for generating and manipulating various resonance modes due to their unique properties.Dielectric nanostructures, in particular, have shown promise in supporting various Mie resonant modes, including electric dipole, magnetic dipole, toroidal dipole, and higher-order multipoles.However, one limitation of many high-Q metasurfaces is that their resonance wavelengths are fixed once they are fabricated.In this study, we present numerical demonstrations of a chalcogenide-only metasurface that exhibits a tunable high-Q resonance.This metasurface offers the ability to adjust and control the resonance wavelengths.By leveraging the unique properties of chalcogenide materials, we are able to achieve tunable high-Q resonances.Moreover, by coupling a toroidal dipole resonance ang a magnetic dipole resonance, we numerically demonstrated a high Q factor analogue of EIT on chalcogenide-only metasurface.It is expected that our results will provide important mechanisms for tuning and switching a wide variety of optical devices such as filters, switches, and modulators. Resonance (particle physics) ; Materials science ; Optics ; Physics ; Atomic physics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks
Authors: Manisha Dhere | D. C. Jain
Source: International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance (article, 2024-09-25)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Preparation, Evaluation and Optimization of Polymeric Nanoparticles of Eluxadoline for the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome ABSTRACT Eluxadoline, exhibits potential as an irritable bowel syndrome treatment and management strategy. Eluxadoline, a muopioid receptor agonist and delta-opioid receptor antagonist, has shown efficacy in relieving IBS symptoms. However, its applications have been limited due to low water solubility, which causes a low dissolution rate and oral bioavailability. In this study, we aimed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of eluxadoline by formulating polymeric nanoparticles of eluxadoline. Polymeric nanoparticles of chitosan loaded with eluxadoline were prepared using the ionic gelation method. The formulation parameters including concentration of chitosan, concentration of tripolyphosphate and volume of tripolyphosphate were systematically optimized using a Box-Behnken design to achieve nanoparticles (CNP1-CNP17) with optimal physicochemical properties. The optimized formulation based on particle size of (300.4 nm) with a low PDI value (0.305), zeta potential (41.2mV) and % entrapment efficacy (76.89%). The efficiency of the drug release from optimised formulation was studied in vitro by using a dialysis bag diffusion technique in buffer condition pH 6.8 intestinal condition and showed a sustained release behaviour with maximum drug release 80.23%. Thus, the findings demonstrated that the formulated chitosan-based polymeric nanoparticles present a promising strategy for efficiently delivering eluxadoline via oral administration, offering a potential solution for treating irritable bowel syndrome. Irritable bowel syndrome ; Nanoparticle ; Medicine ; Materials science ; Gastroenterology ; Internal medicine ; Nanotechnology Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Authors: Jinli Chen | Chaohan Cui | Benjamin J. Lawrie | Yongzhou Xue | Saikat Guha | Matt Eichenfield | Huan Zhao | Xiaodong Yan
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-10-29)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Low-Dimensional Solid-State Single-Photon Emitters Solid-state single-photon emitters (SPEs) are attracting significant attention as fundamental components in quantum computing, communication, and sensing. Low-dimensional materials-based SPEs (LD-SPEs) have drawn particular interest due to their high photon extraction efficiency, ease of integration with photonic circuits, and strong coupling with external fields. The accessible surfaces of LD materials allow for deterministic control over quantum light emission, while enhanced quantum confinement and light-matter interactions improve photon emissive properties. This review examines recent progress in LDSPEs across four key materials: zero-dimensional (0D) semiconductor quantum dots, one-dimensional (1D) nanotubes, two-dimensional (2D) materials, including hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). We explore their structural and photophysical properties, along with techniques such as spectral tuning and cavity coupling that enhance SPE performance. Finally, we address future challenges and suggest strategies for optimizing LD-SPEs for practical quantum applications. Photon ; Solid-state ; State (computer science) ; Physics ; Materials science ; Optoelectronics ; Optics ; Engineering physics ; Computer science ; Algorithm Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; Nonlinear Optical Materials Studies ; Nanowire Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Christophe Bonneville | Arun Hegde | Cosmin Safta | Habib N. Najm
Source:  (article, 2024-03-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Accelerating Phase Field Simulations Through Time Extrapolation Using Adaptive Fourier Neural Operators and UNets Extrapolation ; Computer science ; Fourier transform ; Field (mathematics) ; Phase (matter) ; Artificial neural network ; Artificial intelligence ; Physics ; Mathematics ; Mathematical analysis Solidification and crystal growth phenomena ; Magnetic Properties and Applications
Authors: Ali Akbar Ashkarran | Hassan Gharibi | Seyed Majed Modaresi | Amir Ata Saei | Morteza Mahmoudi
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2024-04-28)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Standardizing protein corona characterization in nanomedicine: a multi-center study to enhance reproducibility and data homogeneity Abstract Our recent findings reveal substantial variability in the characterization of identical protein corona across different proteomics facilities, demonstrating that protein corona datasets are not easily comparable between independent studies. We have shown that heterogeneity in the final composition of the identical protein corona mainly originates from variations in sample preparation protocols, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) workflows, and raw data processing. Here, to address this issue, we developed standardized protocols and unified sample preparation workflows, and distributed identical protein corona digests to several proteomics centers that performed better in our previous study. Additionally, we examined the influence of using similar mass spectrometry instruments on data homogeneity. Furthermore, we evaluated whether standardizing database search parameters and data processing workflows could enhance data uniformity. More specifically, our new findings reveal a remarkable, stepwise improvement in protein corona data consistency across various proteomics facilities. Streamlining the whole workflow results in a dramatic increase in protein ID overlaps from 11% for good centers to 40% across core facilities that utilized similar instruments and were subjected to a uniform database search. This comprehensive analysis identifies key factors contributing to data heterogeneity in mass spectrometry-based proteomics of protein corona and plasma-related samples. By streamlining these processes, our findings significantly advance the potential for consistent and reliable nanomedicine-based diagnostics and therapeutics across different studies. Workflow ; Proteomics ; Nanomedicine ; Mass spectrometry ; Homogeneity (statistics) ; Quantitative proteomics ; Corona (planetary geology) ; Computer science ; Computational biology ; Chemistry ; Data mining ; Nanotechnology ; Chromatography ; Materials science ; Database ; Physics ; Biology ; Nanoparticle ; Machine learning Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Biosensors and Analytical Detection
Authors: Hanna Hlushko
Source: OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (article, 2024-12-02)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Milestone 1.2.16. Reconciling the Impacts of Thermal Pretreatment on Radiation-Induced H2 Generation from Aluminum-Clad Spent Nuclear Fuel Surrogate Materials To support the technical basis for the extended dry storage of aluminum-clad spent nuclear fuel (ASNF), thermal pretreatment procedures to minimize the radiation-induced generation of molecular hydrogen (H2) have been investigated. The aim of thermal pretreatment is to eliminate the residual adsorbed water content on the ASNF’s corrosion layers, precursors for H2 generation. To date, irradiation studies in this area have found conflicting results for the effectiveness of thermal pretreatment procedures. The aim of this study was to reconcile those differences. However, the presented results, which utilized a modified in situ thermal pretreatment procedure, afforded H2 yield data that further indicates that thermal pretreatment does not significantly reduce the radiation-induced yield of H2 from gamma irradiated ASNF surrogate materials. Assessment of the differences between thermal pretreatment studies suggests that stainless-steel—present in the irradiation setup of studies that demonstrated a reduction in the yield of H2 with thermal pretreatment—may afford not only unanticipated interfacial chemistry, but also the formation and radiolytic contribution of iron oxides to the chemistry underpinning the formation of H2 in these systems. Given the Department of Energy Standard Canister—proposed for the extended dry storage of ASNF—is predominantly composed of stainless-steel, the potential contribution of stainless-steel and its corrosion layers to radiolytic H2 production should be further investigated. This research was funded by the U.S. Department of Environmental Management, Office of Technology Development, under contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. Milestone ; Nuclear engineering ; Thermal ; Radiation ; Aluminium ; Environmental science ; Materials science ; Engineering ; Nuclear physics ; Physics ; Metallurgy ; Meteorology ; Geography ; Archaeology Nuclear Materials and Properties ; Nuclear reactor physics and engineering ; Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies
Authors: Vanessa Mussard
Source: theses.fr (ABES) (article, 2024-06-25)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Design and synthesis of new molecular “off-on” fluorescent photoswitches for studying protein allostery Les sondes moléculaires fluorescentes jouent un rôle essentiel dans une grande diversité de domaines scientifiques tels qu'en sciences des matériaux, en chimie ou encore en biologie grâce à leur sensibilité, leur spécificité, leur diversité structurale ou leur accessibilité. En connexion avec notre projet basé sur l'étude des réarrangements allostériques des récepteurs nicotiniques de l'acétylcholine, nous proposons d'étudier et de suivre les changements conformationnels de protéines allostériques modèles par l'intermédiaire de pinces moléculaires photoisomérisables fluorescentes “off-on” de type azobenzène. Au cours de notre travail, nous avons synthétisé une petite bibliothèque de sondes bifonctionnelles de type azohétéroarène polyfonctionnalisés, alliant des propriétés à la fois de fluorescence et de photoisomérisation. Les azohétéroarènes ainsi synthétisés ont ensuite été évalués en partenariat avec le Dr Nicolas Bogliotti du laboratoire PPSM de l'ENS Paris-Saclay. Une attention particulière a été portée sur la photoisomérisation (spectre d'absorption UV-vis, la demi-vie d'isomérisation) et a permis de mettre en évidence la capacité des sondes à être isomérisées par irradiation dans le visible. L'évaluation de la fluorescence (rendement quantique, déplacement de Stokes et coefficient d'extinction molaire) a également été réalisée. Une sonde s'est révélée intéressante et a présenté une augmentation de l'intensité de fluorescence lorsqu'on passe de l'isomère E à l'isomère Z, ce qui nous permet de suivre la photoisomérisation par fluorescence. Fluorescence ; Fluorescent labelling ; O-Phthalaldehyde ; Fluorescence spectrometry Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry ; Click Chemistry and Applications ; Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
Authors: Ke Ran | Fanlin Zeng | Lei Jin | Stefan Baumann | Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg | Joachim Mayer
Source: BIO Web of Conferences (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

The reversible phase transition of Gd-doped ceria by in situ TEM In situ ; Materials science ; Doping ; Phase transition ; Phase (matter) ; Chemical engineering ; Condensed matter physics ; Chemistry ; Physics ; Optoelectronics ; Organic chemistry Catalytic Processes in Materials Science ; Catalysis and Oxidation Reactions ; Advancements in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells