jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Bo He | Gang He | Can Fu | Shanshan Jiang | Elvira Fortunato | Rodrigo Martins | Shouguo Wang
Source: Advanced Functional Materials (article, 2024-02-06)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Electrospun Coaxial Nanowire‐Based FETs with Annular Heterogeneous Interface Gain for Intelligent Functional Electronics Abstract Exploitation of low‐dimensional metal‐oxide semiconductor nanowires (MOS NWs) with peculiar and radial coaxial architectures is of great significance for constructing nanoscale, high‐performance, multi‐module integrable functional electronic products. Here, highly ordered In 2 O 3 @ZnO coaxial NW arrays (CNWA) using a simple and economical electrospinning technique are synthesized and assembled into field‐effect transistors (FETs). Featuring strong carrier effusion efficiency at the In 2 O 3 @ZnO circular heterogeneous interface, the field effect mobility (ε FE ) gets an intrinsic improvement and can reach as high as 202.3 cm 2 V ‒1 s ‒1 for high ‐k ‐based CNWA FETs, which exceeds the performance of oxide‐based FETs devices reported by far. Furthermore, the unique structural advantages endowing In 2 O 3 @ZnO CNWA FETs with excellent optoelectronic coupling capabilities are identified, for which further optoelectronic detection and artificial photonic synaptic devices are constructed and functional simulations are implemented. This work offers new insights in designing optoelectronics and artificial synapses to process and recognize information for neuromorphic computing and artificial intelligence applications. Materials science ; Nanowire ; Coaxial ; Neuromorphic engineering ; Electronics ; Nanotechnology ; Optoelectronics ; Transistor ; Photonics ; Semiconductor ; Artificial neural network ; Computer science ; Electrical engineering ; Telecommunications ; Artificial intelligence ; Voltage ZnO doping and properties ; Advanced Memory and Neural Computing ; Nanowire Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Luyao Jia | Longwei Li | Zi Hao Guo | Hao Sun | Haiming Huang | Fuchun Sun | Zhong Lin Wang | Xiong Pu
Source: Advanced Materials (article, 2024-06-07)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Giant Iontronic Flexoelectricity in Soft Hydrogels Induced by Tunable Biomimetic Ion Polarization Flexoelectricity features the strain gradient-induced mechanoelectric conversion using materials not limited by their crystalline symmetry, but state-of-the-art flexoelectric materials exhibit very small flexoelectric coefficients and are too brittle to withstand large deformations. Here, inspired by the ion polarization in living organisms, this paper reports the giant iontronic flexoelectricity of soft hydrogels where the ion polarization is attributed to the different transfer rates of cations and anions under bending deformations. The flexoelectricity is found to be easily regulated by the types of anion-cation pairs and polymer networks in the hydrogel. A polyacrylamide hydrogel with 1 m NaCl achieves a record-high flexoelectric coefficient of ≈1160 µC m<sup>-1</sup>, which can even be improved to ≈2340 µC m<sup>-1</sup> by synergizing with the effects of ion pairs and extra polycation chains. Furthermore, the hydrogel as flexoelectric materials can withstand larger bending deformations to obtain higher polarization charges owing to its intrinsic low modulus and high elasticity. A soft flexoelectric sensor is then demonstrated for object recognition by robotic hands. The findings greatly broaden the flexoelectricity to soft, biomimetic, and biocompatible materials and applications. Flexoelectricity ; Materials science ; Self-healing hydrogels ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Ion ; Soft robotics ; Polymer ; Nanotechnology ; Composite material ; Chemical physics ; Polymer chemistry ; Piezoelectricity ; Actuator ; Chemistry ; Physical chemistry ; Organic chemistry Nonlocal and gradient elasticity in micro/nano structures ; Advanced Materials and Mechanics
Authors: Akira Ueno | Juejun Hu | Sensong An
Source: npj Nanophotonics (article, 2024-09-02)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

AI for optical metasurface Optical metasurfaces, planar artificial media capable of controlling light propagation, are transitioning from laboratory curiosity to commercial applications. This shift requires advanced meta-atom and metasurface designs, considering manufacturability and enhancing optical performance with post-processing algorithms. Artificial-Intelligence(AI), particularly machine-learning(ML) and optimization, offers solutions to these demands. This perspective systematically reviews AI’s potential impact in three critical areas: AI-enabled metasurface design-for-manufacturing(DFM), design beyond the classical local phase approximation, and AI-empowered computational backend. Computer science ; Optics ; Optoelectronics ; Materials science ; Physics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research ; Optical Wireless Communication Technologies
Authors: Karin Schroën | Xuefeng Shen | Fathinah Islami Hasyyati | Siddharth Deshpande | Jasper van der Gucht
Source: Advances in Colloid and Interface Science (review, 2024-10-25)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

From theoretical aspects to practical food Pickering emulsions: Formation, stabilization, and complexities linked to the use of colloidal food particles We noticed that in literature, the term Pickering emulsion (PE) is used as soon as ingredients contain particles, and in this review, we ask ourselves if that is done rightfully so. The basic behavior taking place in particle-stabilized emulsions leads to the conclusion that the desorption energy of particles is generally high making particles highly suited to physically stabilize emulsions. Exceptions are particles with extreme contact angles or systems with very low interfacial tension. Particles used in food and biobased applications are soft, can deform when adsorbed, and most probably have molecules extending into both phases thus increasing desorption energy. Besides, surface-active components will be present either in the ingredients or generated by the emulsification process used, which will reduce the energy of desorption, either by reduced interfacial tension, or changes in the contact angle. In this paper, we describe the relative relevance of these aspects, and how to distinguish them in practice. Practical food emulsions may derive part of their stability from the presence of particles, but most likely have mixed interfaces, and are thus not PEs. Especially when small particles are used to stabilize (sub)micrometer droplets, emulsions may become unstable upon receiving a heat treatment. Stability can be enhanced by connecting the particles or creating network that spans the product, albeit this goes beyond classical Pickering stabilization. Through the architecture of PEs, special functionalities can be created, such as reduction of lipid oxidation, and controlled release features. Pickering emulsion ; Surface tension ; Desorption ; Emulsion ; Particle (ecology) ; Nanotechnology ; Colloid ; Materials science ; Chemical engineering ; Chemical physics ; Adsorption ; Nanoparticle ; Polymer science ; Chemistry ; Physics ; Thermodynamics ; Organic chemistry ; Engineering Pickering emulsions and particle stabilization ; Proteins in Food Systems ; Surfactants and Colloidal Systems
Authors: Dawei Li | Lin Bai | Rong Wang | Ying Sun
Source: Foods (review, 2024-09-24)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Research Progress of Machine Learning in Extending and Regulating the Shelf Life of Fruits and Vegetables Fruits and vegetables are valued for their flavor and high nutritional content, but their perishability and seasonality present challenges for storage and marketing. To address these, it is essential to accurately monitor their quality and predict shelf life. Unlike traditional methods, machine learning efficiently handles large datasets, identifies complex patterns, and builds predictive models to estimate food shelf life. These models can be continuously refined with new data, improving accuracy and robustness over time. This article discusses key machine learning methods for predicting shelf life and quality control of fruits and vegetables, with a focus on storage conditions, physicochemical properties, and non-destructive testing. It emphasizes advances such as dataset expansion, model optimization, multi-model fusion, and integration of deep learning and non-destructive testing. These developments aim to reduce resource waste, provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for the formation of modern intelligent agricultural supply chains, promote sustainable green development of the food industry, and foster interdisciplinary integration in the field of artificial intelligence. Perishability ; Machine learning ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Shelf life ; Robustness (evolution) ; Quality (philosophy) ; Engineering ; Business ; Marketing Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies ; Food Waste Reduction and Sustainability
Authors: Yucheng Xu | Jia‐Qi Yang | Kebin Fan | Sheng Wang | Jingbo Wu | Caihong Zhang | De‐Chuan Zhan | Willie J. Padilla | Biaobing Jin | Jian Chen | Peiheng Wu
Source: Advanced Science (article, 2024-09-05)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Physics‐Informed Inverse Design of Programmable Metasurfaces Emerging reconfigurable metasurfaces offer various possibilities for programmatically manipulating electromagnetic waves across spatial, spectral, and temporal domains, showcasing great potential for enhancing terahertz applications. However, they are hindered by limited tunability, particularly evident in relatively small phase tuning over 270°, due to the design constraints with time-intensive forward design methodologies. Here, a multi-bit programmable metasurface is demonstrated capable of terahertz beam steering facilitated by a developed physics-informed inverse design (PIID) approach. Through integrating a modified coupled mode theory (MCMT) into residual neural networks, the PIID algorithm not only significantly increases the design accuracy compared to conventional neural networks but also elucidates the intricate physical relations between the geometry and the modes. Without decreasing the reflection intensity, the method achieves the enhanced phase tuning as large as 300°. Additionally, the inverse-designed programmable beam steering metasurface is experimentally validated, which is adaptable across 1-bit, 2-bit, and tri-state coding schemes, yielding a deflection angle up to 68° and broadened steering coverage. The demonstration provides a promising pathway for rapidly exploring advanced metasurface devices, with potentially great impact on communication and imaging technologies. Terahertz radiation ; Beam steering ; Inverse ; Computer science ; Electronic engineering ; Physics ; Optics ; Beam (structure) ; Engineering Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Antenna Design and Analysis ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
Authors: Y.X. Jiang | Xinghe Zhang | Honggang Nie | Jianxiong Fan | Shuangshuang Di | Hui Fu | Xiu Zhang | Lijuan Wang | Chun Tang
Source: Nature Communications (article, 2024-07-18)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Dissecting diazirine photo-reaction mechanism for protein residue-specific cross-linking and distance mapping While photo-cross-linking (PXL) with alkyl diazirines can provide stringent distance restraints and offer insights into protein structures, unambiguous identification of cross-linked residues hinders data interpretation to the same level that has been achieved with chemical cross-linking (CXL). We address this challenge by developing an in-line system with systematic modulation of light intensity and irradiation time, which allows for a quantitative evaluation of diazirine photolysis and photo-reaction mechanism. Our results reveal a two-step pathway with mainly sequential generation of diazo and carbene intermediates. Diazo intermediate preferentially targets buried polar residues, many of which are inaccessible with known CXL probes for their limited reactivity. Moreover, we demonstrate that tuning light intensity and duration enhances selectivity towards polar residues by biasing diazo-mediated cross-linking reactions over carbene ones. This mechanistic dissection unlocks the full potential of PXL, paving the way for accurate distance mapping against protein structures and ultimately, unveiling protein dynamic behaviors. Diazirine ; Diazo ; Chemistry ; Carbene ; Photodissociation ; Photochemistry ; Organic chemistry Click Chemistry and Applications ; Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures ; Cyclopropane Reaction Mechanisms
Authors: Durga Jha | Kaj Blennow | Henrik Zetterberg | Jeffrey N. Savas | Jörg Hanrieder
Source: Journal of Mass Spectrometry (review, 2024-03-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Spatial neurolipidomics—MALDI mass spectrometry imaging of lipids in brain pathologies Given the complexity of nervous tissues, understanding neurochemical pathophysiology puts high demands on bioanalytical techniques with respect to specificity and sensitivity. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has evolved to become an important, biochemical imaging technology for spatial biology in biological and translational research. The technique facilitates comprehensive, sensitive elucidation of the spatial distribution patterns of drugs, lipids, peptides, and small proteins in situ. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI)-based MSI is the dominating modality due to its broad applicability and fair compromise of selectivity, sensitivity price, throughput, and ease of use. This is particularly relevant for the analysis of spatial lipid patterns, where no other comparable spatial profiling tools are available. Understanding spatial lipid biology in nervous tissue is therefore a key and emerging application area of MSI research. The aim of this review is to give a concise guide through the MSI workflow for lipid imaging in central nervous system (CNS) tissues and essential parameters to consider while developing and optimizing MSI assays. Further, this review provides a broad overview of key developments and applications of MALDI MSI-based spatial neurolipidomics to map lipid dynamics in neuronal structures, ultimately contributing to a better understanding of neurodegenerative disease pathology. Mass spectrometry imaging ; Chemistry ; Computational biology ; Bioanalysis ; Neuroscience ; Neurochemical ; MALDI imaging ; Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization ; Lipidomics ; Mass spectrometry ; Proteomics ; Biochemistry ; Biology ; Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies ; Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications
Authors: Xiaoxiao Chen | Zhonghui Shen | Run‐Lin Liu | Yang Shen | Hanxing Liu | Long‐Qing Chen | Ce‐Wen Nan
Source: Advanced Materials (article, 2024-01-15)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Programming Polarity Heterogeneity of Energy Storage Dielectrics by Bidirectional Intelligent Design Dielectric capacitors, characterized by ultra-high power densities, are considered as fundamental energy storage components in electronic and electrical systems. However, synergistically improving energy densities and efficiencies remains a daunting challenge. Understanding the role of polarity heterogeneity at the nanoscale in determining polarization response is crucial to the domain engineering of high-performance dielectrics. Here, a bidirectional design with phase-field simulation and machine learning is performed to forward reveal the structure-property relationship and reversely optimize polarity heterogeneity to improve energy storage performance. Taking BiFeO<sub>3</sub>-based dielectrics as typical systems, this work establishes the mapping diagrams of energy density and efficiency dependence on the volume fraction, size and configuration of polar regions. Assisted by CatBoost and Wolf Pack algorithms, this work analyzes the contributions of geometric factors and intrinsic features and find that nanopillar-like polar regions show great potential in achieving both high polarization intensity and fast dipole switching. Finally, a maximal energy density of 188 J cm<sup>-3</sup> with efficiency above 95% at 8 MV cm<sup>-1</sup> is obtained in BiFeO<sub>3</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> systems. This work provides a general method to study the influence of local polar heterogeneity on polarization behaviors and proposes effective strategies to enhance energy storage performance by tuning polarity heterogeneity. Materials science ; Dielectric ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Energy storage ; Polarity (international relations) ; Capacitor ; Dipole ; Nanopillar ; Computer data storage ; Voltage ; Nanotechnology ; Optoelectronics ; Computer science ; Power (physics) ; Electrical engineering ; Nanostructure ; Physics Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials ; Dielectric materials and actuators ; Multiferroics and related materials
Authors: Ashfaq Ahmad | Dong‐You Choi
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2024-04-09)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Design, optimization, and comparative analysis of wide-band polarization conversion along with dual coding sequences for RCS reduction In this paper, a wideband polarization conversion metasurface is designed. Additionally, coding and chessboard metasurfaces are specifically tailored for radar cross-section reduction (RCS). Initially, a compact unit cell demonstrating exceptional polarization conversion performance is introduced, achieving a polarization conversion ratio (PCR) exceeding 90 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo>%</mml:mo></mml:math> across frequencies ranging from 7.9 to 22.7 GHz. The PCR remains effective even when oblique incidence angles of up to 30 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow></mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∘</mml:mo></mml:msup> </mml:math> are utilized across this frequency band. Roger RT5880, with a thickness of 0.254 mm, serves as the substrate. An airgap is introduced between the substrate and the ground plane to enhance the polarization conversion bandwidth. This unit cell serves as the fundamental building block for subsequent metasurface configurations. To assess the scalability and effectiveness, a 36 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo>×</mml:mo></mml:math> 36 unit array is assembled, confirming efficient polarization conversion capabilities extending to larger structures. Moreover, a 1-bit coding unit "0" and "1" are formed by the Pancharatnam-Berry phase based on the same-sized meta-atom with 90 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow></mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∘</mml:mo></mml:msup> </mml:math> orientations. The robustness and practicality of the design are demonstrated by creating 12 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo>×</mml:mo></mml:math> 12 lattices and evaluating their RCS reduction potential under two distinct scenarios: a chessboard pattern and a coding-based scheme. Notably, its results indicate substantial RCS reduction across a broad frequency spectrum (7.9 to 22.7 GHz) for both configurations. This study demonstrates the wide-ranging applicability of metasurface design, making it a valuable contribution to the fields of microwave engineering, polarization control, and radar stealth technology. Owing to its simplicity, bandwidth, and versatility, this approach offers innovative solutions for diverse real-world applications. Algorithm ; Computer science ; Ground truth ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Physics ; Artificial intelligence ; Chemistry ; Physical chemistry Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Antenna Design and Analysis
Authors: Tianshuo Qiu | Qiang An | Jianqi Wang | Jiafu Wang | Cheng‐Wei Qiu | Shiyong Li | Hao Lv | Ming Cai | Jianyi Wang | Lin Cong | Shaobo Qu
Source: Nature Communications (article, 2024-02-22)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Vision-driven metasurfaces for perception enhancement Metasurfaces have exhibited unprecedented degree of freedom in manipulating electromagnetic (EM) waves and thus provide fantastic front-end interfaces for smart systems. Here we show a framework for perception enhancement based on vision-driven metasurface. Human's eye movements are matched with microwave radiations to extend the humans' perception spectrum. By this means, our eyes can "sense" visual information and invisible microwave information. Several experimental demonstrations are given for specific implementations, including a physiological-signal-monitoring system, an "X-ray-glasses" system, a "glimpse-and-forget" tracking system and a speech reception system for deaf people. Both the simulation and experiment results verify evident advantages in perception enhancement effects and improving information acquisition efficiency. This framework can be readily integrated into healthcare systems to monitor physiological signals and to offer assistance for people with disabilities. This work provides an alternative framework for perception enhancement and may find wide applications in healthcare, wearable devices, search-and-rescue and others. Perception ; Computer science ; Implementation ; Wearable computer ; Human–computer interaction ; SIGNAL (programming language) ; Computer vision ; Embedded system ; Psychology ; Neuroscience Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies ; Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies
Authors: Xincong He | Huazhou Hu | Ruizhu Tang | Wenhao Zhou | Houqun Xiao | Xiaoxuan Zhang | Chuanming Ma | Qingjun Chen
Source: Journal of Rare Earths (article, 2024-02-05)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Effect of cobalt substitution for nickel on microstructural evolution and hydrogen storage properties of La0.66Mg0.34Ni3.5–Co alloys Cobalt ; Nickel ; Substitution (logic) ; Hydrogen storage ; Materials science ; Metallurgy ; Hydrogen ; Chemistry ; Alloy ; Organic chemistry Hydrogen Storage and Materials ; Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems ; Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies