jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Yujia Zhang | Minjian Lu | Zhendong Zhu | Yan Li | Haoyun Wei
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2023-05-04)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

A Fano-resonance plasmonic assembly for broadband-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering Surface-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (SECARS) technique has triggered huge interests due to the significant signal enhancement for high-sensitivity detection. Previous SECARS work has tended to focus only on the enhancement effect at a certain combination of frequencies, more suitable for single-frequency CARS. In this work, based on the enhancement factor for broadband SECARS excitation process, a novel Fano resonance plasmonic nanostructure for SECARS is studied. In addition to the 12 orders of magnitude enhancement effect that can be realized under single-frequency CARS, this structure also shows huge enhancement under broadband CARS in a wide wavenumber region, covering most of the fingerprint region. This geometrically-tunable Fano plasmonic nanostructure provides a way to realize broadband-enhanced CARS, with potentials in single-molecular monitoring and high-selectivity biochemical detection. Fano resonance ; Raman scattering ; Plasmon ; Broadband ; Nanostructure ; Raman spectroscopy ; Resonance (particle physics) ; Optoelectronics ; Excitation ; Scattering ; Materials science ; Optics ; Nanotechnology ; Physics Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research
Authors: Miroslav Gutten | Daniel Korenčiak | Martin Karman | Peter Brncal | Matej Kučera | Tomasz N. Kołtunowicz | Maciej Sułowicz
Source: Measurement Science Review (article, 2023-08-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Combination of Non-contact and Contact Measuring Methods for Analyzing Structural Conditions of Dry Transformers Abstract The article describes the non-contact and contact analysis of 1-MVA dry power transformers with epoxy-resin insulation using an acoustic camera and frequency analyzer with automatic sweeping for low-middle frequency areas. Power transformers are most commonly used for construction component (core, windings, taps) analysis. The electrical, non-rotating machine generates electromagnetic and acoustic emissions that can be used to analyze dry transformers during their operation. Non-contact online diagnostic methods have many advantages over offline methods because it is not necessary to shut down the transformer, and also, the condition and behaviour of the machine are analyzed during its normal operation. The article presents the analysis and comparison of structural parts of the distribution dry transformers of the same type and power. The problem of insufficient or incorrect clamp-screw connection was identified using the SFRA (Sweep Frequency Response Analysis) method. Transformer ; Electromagnetic coil ; Sweep frequency response analysis ; Spectrum analyzer ; Distribution transformer ; Electrical engineering ; Engineering ; Current transformer ; Mechanical engineering ; Electronic engineering ; Acoustics ; Automotive engineering ; Voltage High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation ; Non-Destructive Testing Techniques
Authors: Murat Tören | Hakkı Mollahasanoğlu
Source: Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi (article, 2023-01-06)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Gömülü kalıcı mıknatıslı-fırçasız doğru akım motorda (IPMBLDC) kullanılan farklı güç dereceli NdFeB mıknatısların motor performansına etkisinin incelenmesi Fırçasız doğru akım motorları (Brushless Direct Current-BLDC) senkron motorlar grubunda sınıflandırılan ve endüstriyel alanlarda avantajlı özellikleri dolayısıyla tercih edilen elektrik motorlarındandır. BLDC motorlarının yapısında bulunan sabit manyetik alan üreten mıknatıslar, motor performansına doğrudan katkı sağlamaktadır. BLDC motorlarda kullanılan ve nadir toprak elementlerinin farklı güç derecelerinde üretilen NdFeB mıknatıslar, mükemmel manyetik özellikleri dolayısıyla tercih edilmektedirler. Kalıcı mıknatıslarda, fiziksel etkenler ve çevresel durumun etkisi olmasına rağmen, performans değerleri, maksimum enerji verimi 〖BH〗_max, artık akı yoğunluğu B_r , ve içsel zorlayıcı kuvvet H_ci parametreleri ile belirlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, kalıcı mıknatıslı rotor yapısındaki BLDC motorlarda kullanılan Alnico, Seramik, SmCo ve NdFeB mıknatıs türleri ve bu mıknatısların motor performans parametrelerine etkileri analiz edilmektedir. Motor performansı için, hız, verim ve tork değerlerine göre mıknatıs türleri karşılaştırılmaktadır. NdFeB manyetik özellikleri yapılan analiz karşılaştırmalarında belirlenmektedir. Dolayısıyla çalışmaya bu mıknatısların farklı güç derecelerinde (N28-N38-N42-N52) elde edilen tiplerinin de motor performansına etkileri farklı sıcaklıklardaki (20℃ ,60℃ ,80℃ ) çalışma durumları göz önünde bulundurularak eklenmektedir. Çalışmada 2,45 kW gücünde gömülü monteli rotora sahip kalıcı mıknatıslı BLDC motor (IPMBLDC) kullanılarak, bu motor için sonlu elemanlar yöntemi kullanılarak yapılan analiz ile NdFeB mıknatıs tiplerinin motor ısı transferine etkileri de belirlenmektedir. Physics ; Chemistry Magnetic Properties of Alloys ; Magnetic Properties and Applications ; Electric Motor Design and Analysis
Authors: Ling Li | Bandara Dissanayake | Tatsuya Omotezako | Yunjie Zhong | Qing Zhang | Rizhao Cai | Qian Zheng | Dennis Sng | Weisi Lin | Yufei Wang | Alex C. Kot
Source: Electronic Imaging (article, 2023-01-16)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Evaluating the efficacy of skincare product: A realistic short-term facial pore simulation Simulating the effects of skincare products on the face is a potential new mode for product self-promotion while facilitating consumers to choose the right product. Furthermore, such simulations enable one to anticipate her skin condition and better manage skin health. However, there is a lack of effective simulations today. In this paper, we propose the first simulation model to reveal facial pore changes after using skincare products. Our simulation pipeline consists of two steps: training data establishment and facial pore simulation. To establish training data, we collect face images with various pore quality indexes from short-term (8-weeks) clinical studies. People experience significant skin fluctuations (due to natural rhythms, external stressors, etc.,) which introduce large perturbations, and we propose a sliding window mechanism to clean data and select representative index(es) to present facial pore changes. The facial pore simulation stage consists of 3 modules: UNet-based segmentation module to localize facial pores; regression module to predict time-dependent warping hyperparameters; and deformation module, taking warping hyperparameters and pore segmentation labels as inputs, to precisely deform pores accordingly. The proposed simulation renders realistic facial pore changes. This work will pave the way for future research in facial skin simulation and skincare product developments. Computer science ; Hyperparameter ; Segmentation ; Face (sociological concept) ; Pipeline (software) ; Artificial intelligence ; Image warping ; Facial expression ; Computer vision Textile materials and evaluations
Authors: Klaas J. van Wijk | Mark Leppert | Zhi Sun | Alyssa Kearly | Margaret Li | Luis Mendoza | Isabell Guzchenko | Erica Debley | Georgia Sauermann | Pratyush Routray | Sagunya Malhotra | Andrew D. L. Nelson | Qi Sun | Eric W. Deutsch
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2023-06-05)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Mapping the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> proteome in PeptideAtlas and the nature of the unobserved (dark) proteome; strategies towards a complete proteome This study describes a new release of the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> PeptideAtlas proteomics resource providing protein sequence coverage, matched mass spectrometry (MS) spectra, selected PTMs, and metadata. 70 million MS/MS spectra were matched to the Araport11 annotation, identifying ∼0.6 million unique peptides and 18267 proteins at the highest confidence level and 3396 lower confidence proteins, together representing 78.6% of the predicted proteome. Additional identified proteins not predicted in Araport11 should be considered for building the next Arabidopsis genome annotation. This release identified 5198 phosphorylated proteins, 668 ubiquitinated proteins, 3050 N-terminally acetylated proteins and 864 lysine-acetylated proteins and mapped their PTM sites. MS support was lacking for 21.4% (5896 proteins) of the predicted Araport11 proteome - the 'dark' proteome. This dark proteome is highly enriched for certain ( <i>e.g.</i> CLE, CEP, IDA, PSY) but not other ( <i>e.g.</i> THIONIN, CAP,) signaling peptides families, E3 ligases, TFs, and other proteins with unfavorable physicochemical properties. A machine learning model trained on RNA expression data and protein properties predicts the probability for proteins to be detected. The model aids in discovery of proteins with short-half life ( <i>e.g.</i> SIG1,3 and ERF-VII TFs) and completing the proteome. PeptideAtlas is linked to TAIR, JBrowse, PPDB, SUBA, UniProtKB and Plant PTM Viewer. Proteome ; UniProt ; Proteomics ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; Computational biology ; Human proteome project ; Transcriptome ; Arabidopsis ; Biology ; Genome ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry ; Gene expression ; Gene ; Mutant Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Machine Learning in Bioinformatics ; Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Authors: Jack Freestone | William Stafford Noble | Uri Keich
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2023-05-03)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Analysis of tandem mass spectrometry data with CONGA: Combining Open and Narrow searches with Group-wise Analysis Abstract Searching tandem mass spectrometry proteomics data against a database is a well-established method for assigning peptide sequences to observed spectra but typically cannot identify peptides harboring unexpected post-translational modifications (PTMs). Open modification searching aims to address this problem by allowing a spectrum to match a peptide even if the spectrum’s precursor mass differs from the peptide mass. However, expanding the search space in this way can lead to a loss in statistical power to detect peptides. We therefore developed a method, called CONGA, that takes into account results from both types of searches—a traditional “narrow window” search and an open modification search—while carrying out rigorous false discovery rate (FDR) control. The result is an algorithm that provides the best of both worlds: the ability to detect unexpected PTMs without a concomitant loss of power to detect unmodified peptides. Tandem mass spectrometry ; Mass spectrometry ; Database search engine ; Peptide ; Proteomics ; Computer science ; False discovery rate ; Tandem ; Posttranslational modification ; Chemistry ; Computational biology ; Chromatography ; Biology ; Search engine ; Information retrieval ; Biochemistry ; Engineering Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Identification and Quantification in Food
Authors: Kofi Edée
Source: Biomimetics (article, 2023-04-24)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Augmented Harris Hawks Optimizer with Gradient-Based-like Optimization: Inverse Design of All-Dielectric Meta-Gratings In this paper, we introduce a new hybrid optimization method for the inverse design of metasurfaces, which combines the original Harris hawks optimizer (HHO) with a gradient-based optimization method. The HHO is a population-based algorithm that mimics the hunting process of hawks tracking prey. The hunting strategy is divided into two phases: exploration and exploitation. However, the original HHO algorithm performs poorly in the exploitation phase and may get trapped and stagnate in a basin of local optima. To improve the algorithm, we propose pre-selecting better initial candidates obtained from a gradient-based-like (GBL) optimization method. The main drawback of the GBL optimization method is its strong dependence on initial conditions. However, like any gradient-based method, GBL has the advantage of broadly and efficiently spanning the design space at the cost of computation time. By leveraging the strengths of both methods, namely GBL optimization and HHO, we show that the proposed hybrid approach, denoted as GBL-HHO, is an optimal scenario for efficiently targeting a class of unseen good global optimal solutions. We apply the proposed method to design all-dielectric meta-gratings that deflect incident waves into a given transmission angle. The numerical results demonstrate that our scenario outperforms the original HHO. Inverse ; Local optimum ; Mathematical optimization ; Computation ; Global optimization ; Optimization algorithm ; Computer science ; Algorithm ; Mathematics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Microwave Engineering and Waveguides
Authors: В. П. Горелов | Yubo Yang | Michele Ruggeri | David M. Ceperley | Carlo Pierleoni | Markus Holzmann
Source: Condensed Matter Physics (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Neutral band gap of carbon by quantum Monte Carlo methods We present a method of calculating the energy gap of a charge-neutral excitation using only ground-state calculations. We report Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of Γ→ Γ and Γ → X particle-hole excitation energies in diamond carbon. We analyze the finite-size effect and find the same 1/L decay rate as that in a charged excitation, where L is the linear extension of the supercell. This slow decay is attributed to the delocalized nature of the excitation in supercells too small to accommodate excitonic binding effects. At larger system sizes, the apparent 1/L decay crosses over to a 1/L3 behavior. Estimation of the scale of exciton binding can be used to correct finite-size effects of neutral gaps. Excitation ; Physics ; Delocalized electron ; Quantum Monte Carlo ; Monte Carlo method ; Exciton ; Atomic physics ; Band gap ; Binding energy ; Ground state ; Condensed matter physics ; Quantum mechanics Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; High-pressure geophysics and materials ; Semiconductor materials and devices
Authors: Farzad Ebrahimi | Ali Dabbagh
Source: Micromachines (article, 2023-07-09)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Porosity Effects on Static Performance of Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Meta-Nanocomposite Structures A mixture of outstanding merits of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) and metamaterials can lead to the development of ultra-light meta-nanomaterials whose high sensitivity can be efficiently used in wearable strain sensors. Thus, reliable data about the performance of structural elements manufactured from such meta-nanomaterials are needed before implementing their design. Motivated by this issue, the negative impacts of pores in the microstructure and carbon nanotubes' (CNTs') wavy configuration on the nonlinear bending features of thick beams consisted of auxetic CNT-reinforced (CNTR) polymers are probed for the first time. The impacts of distinct porosity distributions on the mechanical reaction of the system are covered in this article. In addition, a very low computationally cost homogenization is implemented herein to consider the waviness' influence on the reinforcement mechanism in the auxetic PNC material. Moreover, higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT) is followed and merged with non-linear definition of strain tensor with the aid of von Kármán's theory to gather the equations describing the problem. Thereafter, the famous Navier's exact solution is employed towards solving the problem for thick beams with simple supports at both ends. A comparison of our data with those existing in the literature certifies the accuracy of the presented modeling. The outcomes indicate on the remarkable rise in the flexural deformation of the auxetic PNC beam while the coefficient of porosity is raised. It is also shown that utilization of thick-walled cells in the re-entrant lattice can help to control the system's total deflection. In addition, if the non-ideal shape of the nanofillers is ignored, the deflection of the meta-nanomaterial beam will be much larger than that of ideal calculations. Auxetics ; Materials science ; Carbon nanotube ; Porosity ; Nanomaterials ; Homogenization (climate) ; Composite material ; Nanocomposite ; Deflection (physics) ; Waviness ; Percolation threshold ; Metamaterial ; Beam (structure) ; Structural engineering ; Nanotechnology ; Optoelectronics ; Physics ; Optics Carbon Nanotubes in Composites ; Composite Structure Analysis and Optimization ; Material Properties and Applications
Authors: Donald Bimpong | Lois Amponsah Adofowaa | Ama Agyeman | Abena Boakye | Ibok Oduro | Ellis William Otoo | John‐Lewis Zinia Zaukuu
Source: Progress in Agricultural Engineering Sciences (article, 2023-12-05)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Authenticating peanut butter and yoghurt in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana using near infrared spectroscopy Abstract Peanut butter and yoghurt are targeted for adulteration intended at consumer deception. This study aimed to fingerprint and detect peanut butter and yoghurt adulteration with cassava flour and starch using Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) in a quasi-experimental approach. Ingredients for laboratory sample preparation were obtained from the Kumasi Metropolis. Peanut butter was adulterated at 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20% w/w and yoghurt at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 45, 50% w/w. Selected concentrations mimicked practices on the market. Marketed products were randomly sampled from six markets in the Kumasi Metropolis to validate the study models. Samples were scanned with a hand-held NIRS in triplicates. Chemometric (Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) models) statistical methods were employed to develop classification and prediction models. Peaks with spectral bands such as 1050 , 1200 and 1450 nm were observed for peanut butter and 990–1100 nm, 1100–1200 nm and 1300–1408 nm were observed for yoghurt in the NIR spectrum. Some yoghurt brands were suspected of containing cassava starch, while Peanut butter from the different markets differed based on classification models. Cassava flour and starch concentrations were quantitatively predicted by PLSR with an R 2 CV of 0.98 and an error of 0.9 g/100 g (low error). Principal component analysis ; Food science ; Peanut butter ; Starch ; Linear discriminant analysis ; Mathematics ; Partial least squares regression ; Chemometrics ; Chemistry ; Statistics ; Chromatography Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Identification and Quantification in Food ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
Authors: Haoran Zhong | Elizabeth Donkor | Lisa C. Whitworth | Collin G. White | Kaushalya Sharma Dahal | Ayuba Fasasi | Thomas M. Hancewicz | Franklin I. Uba | Barry K. Lavine
Source: Journal of Chemometrics (article, 2023-07-19)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Application of ultramicrotomy and infrared imaging to the forensic examination of automotive paint Abstract In several previously published studies, Lavine and coworkers have demonstrated that infrared (IR) spectra from all layers of an intact multilayered automotive paint chip can be collected in a single analysis by scanning across each layer of a cross sectioned paint chip using a Fourier transform IR imaging microscope. Applying alternating least squares to the spectral data, the IR spectrum of each layer of an original equipment manufacturer paint chip can be extracted from a line map of the spectral image. To further develop this imaging technique for automotive paint analysis, the capability to cross section “small” paint chips (1 mm or less) using an ultramicrotome has been incorporated into our current imaging methodology. An ultramicrotome does not require epoxy or other embedding media for the paint chip and will simplify the analysis. However, extracting the IR spectra for each layer of an original equipment manufacturer paint chip by alternating least squares can be problematic for thin peels (less than one micron thickness), necessitating the use of target testing factor analysis to determine whether a specific layer is present in the line map and modified alternating least squares to recover the IR spectrum of the layer. Using a new sample preparation technique and the appropriate multivariate curve resolution methods, high quality IR spectra of the layers of a modern automotive paint system can be obtained from paint fragments that are smaller than what is practical to analyze by conventional Fourier transform IR spectroscopy. Materials science ; Chip ; Layer (electronics) ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; Fourier transform ; Automotive industry ; Fourier transform spectroscopy ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Optics ; Computer science ; Nanotechnology ; Physics ; Telecommunications Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research ; Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis
Authors: Ryo Konno | M. Ishikawa | Daisuke Nakajima | Yusuke Endo | Osamu Ohara | Yusuke Kawashima
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2023-08-11)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Universal pretreatment development for low-input proteomics using Lauryl Maltose Neopentyl Glycol Abstract In recent years, the demand for low-input proteomics, most notably single-cell proteomics (SCP), has increased. In this study, we developed a Lauryl Maltose Neopentyl Glycol (LMNG)-assisted sample preparation (LASP) method that suppresses the loss of proteins and peptides in samples by adding LMNG, a surfactant, to the digested solution and removing the LMNG simply via reversed phase solid-phase extraction. The advantage of removing LMNG during sample preparation for general proteomic analysis is that it prevents mass spectrometry (MS) contamination. When the LASP method was applied to the low-input SP3 method and on-bead digestion in immunoprecipitation-MS, the recovery of the digested peptides was greatly improved. Furthermore, we established a simple and operationally easy sample preparation method for SCP based on the LASP method (scpLASP) and identified a median of 1,175 proteins from a single HEK239F cell using liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS with a throughput of 80 samples per day. Chromatography ; Proteomics ; Chemistry ; Sample preparation ; Pulmonary surfactant ; Mass spectrometry ; Extraction (chemistry) ; Maltose ; Digestion (alchemy) ; Biochemistry ; Enzyme Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Advanced Biosensing Techniques and Applications