jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: A. S. Moskvin
Source: Magnetochemistry (article, 2023-11-02)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Jahn–Teller Magnets A wide class of materials with different crystal and electronic structures including quasi-2D unconventional superconductors, such as cuprates, nickelates, ferropnictides/chalcogenides, ruthenate Sr2RuO4, and 3D systems, such as manganites RMnO3, ferrates (CaSr)FeO3, nickelates RNiO3, silver oxide AgO, are based on Jahn–Teller 3d and 4d ions. These unusual materials, called Jahn–Teller (JT) magnets, are characterized by an extremely rich variety of phase states, spanning from non-magnetic and magnetic insulators to unusual metallic and superconducting states. The unconventional properties of JT magnets can be attributed to the instability of their highly symmetric Jahn–Teller “progenitors” with the ground orbital E-state with repect to charge transfer, anti-Jahn–Teller d-d disproportionation, and the formation of a system of effective local composite spin–singlet or spin–triplet, electronic, or hole S-type bosons moving in a non-magnetic or magnetic lattice. We consider specific features of the anti-JT-disproportionation reaction, properties of the electron–hole dimers, possible phase states and effective Hamiltonians for single- and two-band JT magnets, concluding with a short overview of physical properties for actual JT magnets. Jahn–Teller effect ; Condensed matter physics ; Superconductivity ; Magnet ; Magnetic susceptibility ; Ground state ; Disproportionation ; Chemistry ; Physics ; Ion ; Atomic physics Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials ; Advanced Condensed Matter Physics ; Iron-based superconductors research
Authors: Krisztina Németh | Ildikó Szatmári | Viktória Tőkési | Pál Szabó
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology (review, 2023-11-22)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Application of Normal-Phase Silica Column in Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography Mode for Simultaneous Determination of Underivatized Amino Acids from Human Serum Samples via Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry In neonatal screening, amino acids have a significant diagnostic role. Determination of their values may identify abnormal conditions. Early diagnosis and continuous monitoring of amino acid disorders results in a better disease outcome. An easy and simple LC-MS/MS method was developed for the quantitation of underivatized amino acids. Amino acids were separated using a normal-phase HPLC column having a totally porous silica stationary phase and using classical reversed-phase eluents. Mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode was used for the analysis, providing high selectivity and sensitivity. A standard addition calibration model was applied for quantitation using only one isotope-labeled internal standard for all amino acids. Five calibration points were used for quantitation, and the method was successfully validated. The slopes of the calibration curves of the individual amino acids in parallel measurements were found to be similar. Since the measured slopes were reproducible, one serum sample could represent every series of serum samples of a given day. The method was tested on human serum samples and adequate results were obtained. This new method can be easily applied in clinical laboratories. Chromatography ; Amino acid ; Chemistry ; Calibration curve ; High-performance liquid chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Calibration ; Selected reaction monitoring ; Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry ; Tandem mass spectrometry ; Hydrophilic interaction chromatography ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Detection limit ; Biochemistry ; Mathematics Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies ; Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
Authors: Athira Kuppadakkath | Ángela Barreda | Lilit Ghazaryan | Tobias Bucher | Kirill Koshelev | Thomas Pertsch | Adriana Szeghalmi | Duk‐Yong Choi | Isabelle Staude | Falk Eilenberger
Source: Nanomaterials (article, 2023-06-05)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Precision Tailoring Quasi-BIC Resonance of a-Si:H Metasurfaces The capability of tailoring the resonance wavelength of metasurfaces is important as it can alleviate the manufacturing precision required to produce the exact structure according to the design of the nanoresonators. Tuning of Fano resonances by applying heat has been theoretically predicted in the case of silicon metasurfaces. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the permanent tailoring of quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BIC) resonance wavelength in an a-Si:H metasurface and quantitatively analyze the modification in the <i>Q</i>-factor with gradual heating. A gradual increment in temperature leads to a spectral shift in the resonance wavelength. With the support of ellipsometry measurements, the spectral shift resulting from the short-duration (ten minutes) heating is identified to be due to refractive index variations in the material rather than a geometric effect or amorphous/polycrystalline phase transition. In the case of quasi-BIC modes in the near-infrared, resonance wavelength could be adjusted from T = 350 °C to T = 550 °C without affecting the <i>Q</i>-factor considerably. Apart from the temperature-induced resonance trimming, large <i>Q</i>-factors can be attained at the highest analyzed temperature (T = 700 °C) in the near-infrared quasi-BIC modes. Resonance tailoring is just one of the possible applications of our results. We expect that our study is also insightful in the design of a-Si:H metasurfaces where large <i>Q</i>-factors are required at high temperatures. Resonance (particle physics) ; Wavelength ; Materials science ; Refractive index ; Fano resonance ; Ellipsometry ; Infrared ; Optoelectronics ; Amorphous solid ; Silicon ; Optics ; Molecular physics ; Nanotechnology ; Physics ; Thin film ; Plasmon ; Chemistry ; Atomic physics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
Authors: Qingxuan Liang | Haoyu Yin | Jiakun Feng | Jiahui Xu | Zhen Yang | Yubing Duan | Dichen Li
Source: Advanced Engineering Materials (article, 2023-03-10)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

An Additively Manufactured Wide Angle and Broadband Electromagnetic Camouflage Metasurface Metasurface reveals distinguished application prospects profiting from its excellent manipulating capacity for electromagnetic (EM) wave using ultrathin thickness and the simple design method. Easy to conformal metasurface with high performance and integrated EM functions is highly in demand in many EM devices. Herein, an arched dual‐wavelength cloaking–illusion‐integrated metasurface consisting of two‐layer meta‐atoms is proposed successfully. A composite‐fused deposition molding packaging strategy of additive manufacturing is explored to fabricate the multilayer structures for metal meta‐atoms and dielectric substrates simultaneously. Simulation and measurement results show that the arched metasurface possesses polarization‐insensitive cloaking and illusion functions in 4.3–4.8 and 14.8–16.3 GHz, respectively. The effective incidence angle range covers from −45° to 45°. The excellent EM camouflage performance proves the effectiveness of our design and fabricating strategy, which paths a way for multifunctional metasurface‐based devices. Camouflage ; Materials science ; Metamaterial ; Broadband ; Cloaking ; Optoelectronics ; Dielectric ; Optics ; Electromagnetic radiation ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Beamwidth ; Composite number ; Computer science ; Composite material ; Physics ; Antenna (radio) Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Antenna Design and Analysis
Authors: Eduardo Lupi | Robert B. Wexler | D. Meyers | Anton Zahradnik | Yizhe Jiang | Sandhya Susarla | R. Ramesh | Lane W. Martin | Andrew M. Rappe
Source: Advanced Materials (article, 2023-07-11)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Engineering Relaxor Behavior in (BaTiO<sub>3</sub>)<i><sub>n</sub></i>/(SrTiO<sub>3</sub>)<i><sub>n</sub></i> Superlattices Complex-oxide superlattices provide a pathway to numerous emergent phenomena because of the juxtaposition of disparate properties and the strong interfacial interactions in these unit-cell-precise structures. This is particularly true in superlattices of ferroelectric and dielectric materials, wherein new forms of ferroelectricity, exotic dipolar textures, and distinctive domain structures can be produced. Here, relaxor-like behavior, typically associated with the chemical inhomogeneity and complexity of solid solutions, is observed in (BaTiO<sub>3</sub> )<sub>n</sub> /(SrTiO<sub>3</sub> )<sub>n</sub> (n = 4-20 unit cells) superlattices. Dielectric studies and subsequent Vogel-Fulcher analysis show significant frequency dispersion of the dielectric maximum across a range of periodicities, with enhanced dielectric constant and more robust relaxor behavior for smaller period n. Bond-valence molecular-dynamics simulations predict the relaxor-like behavior observed experimentally, and interpretations of the polar patterns via 2D discrete-wavelet transforms in shorter-period superlattices suggest that the relaxor behavior arises from shape variations of the dipolar configurations, in contrast to frozen antipolar stripe domains in longer-period superlattices (n = 16). Moreover, the size and shape of the dipolar configurations are tuned by superlattice periodicity, thus providing a definitive design strategy to use superlattice layering to create relaxor-like behavior which may expand the ability to control desired properties in these complex systems. Superlattice ; Materials science ; Condensed matter physics ; Dielectric ; Dipole ; Ferroelectricity ; Valence (chemistry) ; Chemical physics ; Physics ; Optoelectronics ; Quantum mechanics Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials ; Multiferroics and related materials ; Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies
Authors: Sihui Li | Shinya Konishi | Takuya Kito | Koji Fujita | Katsuhisa Tanaka
Source: Journal of Materials Chemistry C (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Crystal structure and magnetic properties of EuZrO<sub>3</sub> solid solutions The stable magnetic structure of EuZrO 3 solid solution is tuned with the change of lattice volume. In particular, the ferromagnetic state is stabilized by the increase in lattice volume, which experimentally verifies the theoretical prediction. Materials science ; Crystal structure ; Ferromagnetism ; Lattice (music) ; Solid solution ; Solid-state ; Condensed matter physics ; Volume (thermodynamics) ; Crystallography ; Chemical physics ; Thermodynamics ; Physical chemistry ; Physics ; Metallurgy ; Chemistry Multiferroics and related materials ; Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials ; Advanced Condensed Matter Physics
Authors: Rosa Taurino | Maria Cannio | D.N. Boccaccini | Massimo Messori | Federica Bondioli
Source: Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology (article, 2023-07-27)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Preliminary study on the design of superhydrophobic surface by 3D inkjet printing of a sol-gel solution Materials science ; Superhydrophobic coating ; Nanotechnology ; Inkwell ; Coating ; Microcontact printing ; Contact angle ; Adhesive ; Surface roughness ; Inkjet printing ; Wetting ; Layer (electronics) ; Composite material Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity ; Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies ; Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
Authors: Luana Cuvillier | Arianna Passaretti | Élodie Guilminot | Édith Joseph
Source: The European Physical Journal Plus (article, 2023-06-27)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Testing of the siderophore deferoxamine amended in hydrogels for the cleaning of iron corrosion Abstract Bioderived alternatives to commonly used complexing agents for the cleaning of iron artworks are sought for their natural origin and better biodegradability. Indeed, complexing agents currently used for the removal of undesired corrosion products from iron artworks can be difficult to control and their environmental impact is often overlooked. This paper studies the use of siderophores, focusing on the ability of one of them, deferoxamine, to be employed as an active agent loaded in polysaccharides hydrogels, on corrosion phases. Preliminary tests were conducted on artificially aged steel samples and further studies were performed on naturally corroded steel to assess the most performing application parameters. Long-term behavior of cleaned surface was assessed. Cleaning outcomes were compared with those obtainable with disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid using optical microscopy, colorimetry and atomic absorption spectroscopy as well as Infrared and Raman micro-spectroscopies. Among the different gelling agents evaluated, agar applied when hot and gellan gum prepared at room temperature were the most effective gel formulations and agar left few residues over the treated surfaces. The protocol was then tested on altered steel artifacts belonging to heritage institutions in France. Encouraging outcomes in the removal of iron corrosion phases with green approaches are here presented. Graphical abstract Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ; Corrosion ; Deferoxamine ; Metallurgy ; Materials science ; Gellan gum ; Siderophore ; Chelation ; Chemistry ; Organic chemistry Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition ; Building materials and conservation ; Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis
Authors: Laxmikant Dewangan | Patinavalasa Megh Sainadh | Juin Acharjee | Shrey Anant Sandiman | Saptarshi Ghosh | Nipun Kumar Mishra
Source: Frequenz (article, 2023-11-16)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Direction independent broad-band wide angle metamaterial absorber for “K” band applications Abstract In this work, the design of broadband, wide-angle, direction-independent metamaterial (MM) electromagnetic wave (EM) absorber for K-band frequency application is investigated and validated experimentally. The unit cell of the metamaterial absorber consists of four 90° rotated L-shaped metallic patches imprinted on a dielectric substrate backed by a metallic sheet. The structure yield absorption in the broad frequency ranges from 22.5 to 29.3 GHz for both TE and TM polarized waves with more than 90 % absorptivity having a wide fractional bandwidth of (6.8 GHz) 25.8 %. The structure is four-fold symmetric and hence yields polarization insensitivity for different angles of polarization under both TE and TM polarized waves. The structure is also investigated under oblique incidence where the 80 % absorptivity holds up to 45° incident angles for both TE and TM waves. The absorption mechanism is explained with the help of top and bottom surface current distribution, induced electric field, and parametric analysis. To verify the resonance in the structure, characteristic mode, and equivalent circuit analysis have been carried out and presented. A prototype of the absorber has been fabricated and simulated results are validated with measured results. Measured results are showing good agreement with the simulated responses. The novelty of the proposed absorber lies in its unique metallic pattern on a λ 0 /8 (concerning the canter frequency of absorption bandwidth) thin FR-4 substrate while showing the wide absorption bandwidth and direction independence to normal and oblique incidence. The compact nature of the absorber and broadband response with good polarization insensitivity at normal and oblique incidence makes it commercially suitable for the reduction of radar cross section (RCS) in stealth applications at the K-band. Metamaterial absorber ; Materials science ; Optics ; Molar absorptivity ; Metamaterial ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Frequency band ; Electromagnetic radiation ; Dielectric ; Bandwidth (computing) ; Optoelectronics ; Physics ; Tunable metamaterials ; Telecommunications ; Chemistry Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Antenna Design and Analysis
Authors: Pu Wang | Ziang Gao | Zhengshan Xu | Tonggang Zhao
Source: Photonics (article, 2023-09-27)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Perfect Solar Absorber Based on Four-Step Stacked Metamaterial Solar absorbers are of great significance in the development of new energy technologies. However, the current approaches are mostly complex and fail to achieve high absorption rates across a wide range of wavelengths. Here, we propose a four-step stacked metamaterial solar absorber that achieves near-perfect absorption. Our four-step stacked absorber (FSSA) boasts an average absorption rate of 96.32% from 499 nm to 2348.3 nm, and a high average absorption rate of 94.96% from 300 nm to 2500 nm. Electromagnetic mode analysis and the impedance matching theory were employed to analyze the designed FSSA, which revealed that the high absorption rates are due to the propagating surface plasmon resonance (PSPR) and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) modes. The FSSA offers broadband, high absorption rates, and high spectrum selectivity. Additionally, the structural parameters are adjusted to optimize the proposed perfect solar absorber. This proposed absorber can have promising applications in the renewable energy industry. Metamaterial ; Absorption (acoustics) ; Materials science ; Surface plasmon resonance ; Metamaterial absorber ; Microwave ; Optoelectronics ; Optics ; Impedance matching ; Solar energy ; Broadband ; Resonance (particle physics) ; Electrical impedance ; Telecommunications ; Computer science ; Nanotechnology ; Tunable metamaterials ; Physics ; Nanoparticle Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies
Authors: Robin Löffler | Stephan Tremmel | Rüdiger Hornfeck
Source: Biomimetics (article, 2023-03-11)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Owl-Neck-Spine-Inspired, Additively Manufactured, Joint Assemblies with Shape Memory Alloy Wire Actuators Nature provides a considerable number of good examples for simple and very efficient joint assemblies. One example is the enormously flexible cervical spine of American barn owls, which consists of 14 cervical vertebrae. Each pair of vertebrae produces a comparatively small individual movement in order to provide a large overall movement of the entire cervical spine. The biomimetic replication of such joints is difficult due to the delicate and geometric unrestricted joint shapes as well as the muscles that have to be mimicked. Using X-ray as well as micro-computed tomography images and with the utilisation of additive manufacturing, it was possible to produce the owl neck vertebrae in scaled-up form, to analyse them and then to transfer them into technically usable joint assemblies. The muscle substitution of these joints was realised by smart materials actuators in the form of shape memory alloy wire actuators. This actuator technology is outstanding for its muscle-like movement and for its high-energy density. The disadvantage of this wire actuator technology is the low rate of contraction, which means that a large length of wire has to be installed to generate adequate movement. For this reason, the actuator wires were integrated into additively manufactured carrier components to mimic biological joints. This resulted in joint designs that compensate for the disadvantages of the small contraction of the actuators by intelligently installing large wire lengths on comparatively small installation spaces, while also providing a sufficient force output. With the help of a test rig, the developed technical joint variants are examined and evaluated. This demonstrated the technical applicability of this biomimetic joints. Actuator ; Shape-memory alloy ; Joint (building) ; USable ; Computer science ; Mechanical engineering ; Structural engineering ; Engineering ; Artificial intelligence Shape Memory Alloy Transformations ; Soft Robotics and Applications ; Anatomy and Medical Technology
Authors: Youqin Huang | Richeng Huang | Yonghui Huang
Source: Materials (article, 2023-04-26)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Investigation into the Dynamic Stability of Nanobeams by Using the Levinson Beam Model Dynamic stability is an important mechanical behavior of nanobeams, which has been studied extensively using the Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam theories, while the Levinson-beam-theory-based dynamic instability analysis of nanobeams has not been investigated yet. Shear deformation is not or is not suitably considered in the Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko theories, so it is very important to introduce the Levinson beam theory in the dynamic stability analysis of nanobeams, which correctly models the combined action of bending and shear in nanobeams with smaller length/height ratios. In this work, the equation of the transverse vibration of a Levinson beam embedded in an elastic foundation is firstly formulated based on the displacement field of Levinson beam theory, and the nonlocal theory is further applied to the Levinson nanobeam. Then, the governing equation of the dynamic stability of the Levinson nanobeam is derived using Bolotin's method to achieve a generalized eigenvalue problem corresponding to the boundaries of regions of dynamic instability. The principal instability region (PIR) is the most important among all regions, so the boundary of the PIR is focused on in this work to investigate the dynamic stability of the Levinson nanobeam. When the width, length/height ratio, density, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, size scale parameter, and medium stiffness increase by about 1.5 times, the width of the PIR changes by about 19%, -57%, -20%, 65%, 0, -9%, and -11%, respectively. If a smaller critical excitation frequency and narrower width of the PIR correspond to the better performance of dynamic stability, the study shows that the dynamic stability of the Levinson nanobeam embedded in an elastic medium improves under a larger length and density and a smaller width, height, and Young's modulus, since these factors are related to the natural frequency of the nanobeam which controls the width of the PIR. Additionally, the local model would overestimate the dynamic stability behavior of the Levinson nanobeam. Timoshenko beam theory ; Beam (structure) ; Instability ; Stiffness ; Displacement field ; Boundary value problem ; Physics ; Vibration ; Work (physics) ; Eigenvalues and eigenvectors ; Bending stiffness ; Classical mechanics ; Stability (learning theory) ; Mathematical analysis ; Mathematics ; Mechanics ; Quantum mechanics ; Thermodynamics ; Optics ; Finite element method ; Computer science Nonlocal and gradient elasticity in micro/nano structures ; Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications ; Mechanical and Optical Resonators
Authors: Zijie Yang | Yukai Wang | Lijing Zhang
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2023-04-21)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

AI becomes a masterbrain scientist Abstract Recent rapid and unexpected advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have dramatically shocked the world. Large language models, such as ChatGPT and GPT-4, have demonstrated remarkable potential in aggregating and organizing knowledge while providing insights and solutions to specific questions. In this study, we further explore the possibility of GPT-4 taking on a central role in a complete closed-loop biological research, functioning as a masterbrain scientist responsible for generating hypotheses, designing experiments, analyzing results, and drawing conclusions. Our findings suggest that AI has the potential to evolve into a genuine scientist, and could lead an unprecedented revolution in the area of science. Cognitive science ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer science ; Epistemology ; Data science ; Psychology ; Philosophy Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) ; Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education