jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Maria Carolina Payares-Asprino | Patricia Muñoz‐Escalona
Source: ResearchOnline (Glasgow Caledonian University) (article, 2019-10-02)
Field: Materials Science — Metals and Alloys

Prediction of percentage of ferrite as a function of heat input in robotic gas metal arc welding of duplex stainless steel SAF 2205 Welds Dual phase duplex stainless steels with ferrite and austenite as part of their microstructure have shown an outstanding strength and corrosion resistance despite of the aggressive and hostile environments they can be subjected to. In the last years a worldwide rapid growth demand and consumption of duplex stainless steel, particularly in petrochemical, marine, power plant, food industry and other engineering applications have taken place especially where welding processes were required. Joining of duplex alloys is a challenging task, due to the formation of embrittling precipitates and metallurgical changes they go through during the welding process. Generally, the quality of a weld joint is strongly influenced by the welding conditions and imbalance phase ratio between the austenite and ferrite, these factors leads to solidification cracking, corrosion susceptibility, and lower ductility. To achieve high quality welds mathematical models have been developed in order to predict the ideal bead geometry to achieve optimal mechanical properties. This paper focuses on determining the percentage of ferrite in GMAW welds of duplex stainless steel SAF 2205. An experimental model for the prediction of weld bead geometry was developed and applied. The values of weld penetration and reinforcement areas were calculated using a statistical approach and the amount of ferrite in the duplex stainless steel welds were determined applying the rule of mixture and the Schaeffler diagram. These predicted values of ferrite were later on compared with experimental values obtained through chemical. The results indicate 0.7% of error between experimental and predicted values of ferrite when using heat inputs higher than 0.9kJ/mm. Welding ; Metallurgy ; Ferrite (magnet) ; Materials science ; Duplex (building) ; Gas metal arc welding ; Arc welding ; Composite material ; Chemistry Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals ; Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses ; Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition
Authors: József Gyarmati | Péter Zentay | György Gávay | Ferenc Hajdú
Source: Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science (article, 2019-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Experimental Investigation and Statistical Analysis for Spallation Characteristics of Ballistic Penetration The paper discusses a new experimental investigation and analysis method conducted in the field of terminal ballistics based on shooting experiments. The shooting was performed with the aim of determining the geometry of the spall cone caused by the spallation on both sides of the target armour plate when a bullet is penetrating through it. During the measurement, armour plates made of different materials with different thickness were shot through using different bullets. The influence of the armour material type and its thickness on the spall generation was examined. Spall ; Armour ; Spallation ; Ballistics ; Materials science ; Penetration (warfare) ; Hypervelocity ; Forensic engineering ; Engineering ; Projectile ; Composite material ; Physics ; Layer (electronics) ; Nuclear physics High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior ; Electromagnetic Launch and Propulsion Technology ; Energetic Materials and Combustion
Authors: Qifang Xu | Roland L. Dunbrack
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2019-03-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Principles and characteristics of biological assemblies in experimentally determined protein structures Abstract More than half of all structures in the PDB are assemblies of two or more proteins, including both homooligomers and heterooligomers. Structural information on these assemblies comes from X-ray crystallography, NMR, and cryo-EM spectroscopy. The correct assembly in an X-ray structure is often ambiguous, and computational methods have been developed to identify the most likely biologically relevant assembly based on physical properties of assemblies and sequence conservation in interfaces. Taking advantage of the large number of structures now available, some of the most recent methods have relied on similarity of interfaces and assemblies across structures of homologous proteins. Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB) ; Sequence (biology) ; Protein superfamily ; Similarity (geometry) ; Protein structure ; Computer science ; Crystallography ; Computational biology ; Chemistry ; Biology ; Stereochemistry ; Artificial intelligence ; Biochemistry Enzyme Structure and Function ; Protein Structure and Dynamics ; Biochemical and Molecular Research
Authors: Sunny Pinnam
Source: Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (article, 2019-07-18)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Hard Magnetic Material Selection by Multiple Attribute Decision Making A novel material selection methodology is introduced in this thesis work, which perceives a material selection problem as a multiple attribute decision making (MADM) phenomena with emphasis on “voice of data” eliminating subjective bias and uncertainty. The methodology was applied to the hard-material selection. To make this methodology more robust, a couple of statistical data analysis techniques, i.e., Hierarchical clustering (HC) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) have been employed. There are many MADM techniques available to employ for identifying the optimal solution to the given selection problem, but in this methodology, twenty-five techniques, each possessing a unique principle to achieve this purpose were utilized. Each of these MADM tools develops different sets of ranks which will be co-relatable, and a final ranking order is established for further evaluation. Finally, two-dimensional plots, similar to Ashby charts, were developed based on MADM and PCA to provide a visual representation. Selection (genetic algorithm) ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence Material Selection and Properties ; Non-Destructive Testing Techniques ; Manufacturing Process and Optimization
Authors: Mubasher Rashid | Soumen Bera | Alexander B. Medvinsky | Gui‐Quan Sun | Bai-Lian Li | Claudia Acquisti | Adnan Sljoka | Amit Chakraborty
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2019-09-30)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Allosteric regulation of Glutamate dehydrogenase deamination activity Abstract Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is a key enzyme interlinking carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Recent discoveries of the GDH specific role in breast cancer, hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia syndrome, and neurodegenerative diseases have reinvigorated interest on GDH regulation, which remains poorly understood despite extensive and long standing studies. Notwithstanding the growing evidence of the complexity of the allosteric network behind GDH regulation, a clear understanding of the enzyme dynamics involved in the process is limited to the activator Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and the inhibitor Guanosine triphosphate (GTP). Presently, the identification of further factors involved in the allosteric network is paramount to deepen our understanding of the complex dynamics that regulate GDH enzymatic activity. Combining structural analyses of cryo-electron microscopy data with molecular dynamic simulations, here we show that the cofactor NADH is a key player in the GDH regulation process. Our structural analysis indicates that, binding to the regulatory sites in proximity of the antenna region, NADH acts as a positive allosteric modulator by enhancing both the affinity of GTP binding and inhibition of GDH catalytic activity. We further show that the binding of GTP to the NADH bound GDH produces a local conformational rearrangement that triggers an anticlockwise rotational motion of interlinked alpha-helices with specific tilted helical extension. This structural transition is a fundamental switch in the GDH enzymatic activity. It introduces a torsional stress, and the associated rotational shift in the Rossmann fold closes the catalytic cleft with consequent inhibition of the deamination process. These results shed new light on GDH regulation and may lay new foundation in the design of allosteric agents. Allosteric regulation ; Glutamate dehydrogenase ; Allosteric enzyme ; GTP' ; Biochemistry ; Chemistry ; Oxidative deamination ; Conformational change ; Cofactor ; Enzyme ; Biology ; Biophysics ; Glutamate receptor ; Receptor Enzyme Structure and Function ; Neonatal Health and Biochemistry ; Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
Authors: Campbell Robert A | Dean Mason N
Source: Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (article, 2019-07-31)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Adaptation and Evolution of Biological Materials Research into biological materials often centers on the impressive material properties produced in Nature. In the process, however, this research often neglects the ecologies of the materials, the organismal contexts relating to how a biological material is actually used. In biology, materials are vital to organismal interactions with their environment and their physiology, and also provide records of their phylogenetic relationships and the selective pressures that drive biological novelties. With the papers in this symposium, we provide a view on cutting-edge work in biological materials science. The collected research delivers new perspectives on fundamental materials concepts, offering surprising insights into biological innovations and challenging the boundaries of materials' characterization techniques. The topics, systems, and disciplines covered offer a glimpse into the wide range of contemporary biological materials work. They also demonstrate the need for progressive "whole organism thinking" when characterizing biological materials, and the importance of framing biological materials research in relevant, biological contexts. Biological organism ; Biological materials ; Organism ; Biological data ; Biological sciences ; Biological evolution ; Framing (construction) ; Adaptation (eye) Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition ; Diatoms and Algae Research ; Silk-based biomaterials and applications
Authors: Paul Muralt | Geoff Brennecka | Harry Tuller | Pfm Chair | Neus Domingo | Brady Gibbons | Dragan Damjanovic | Marin Alexe | Jennifer Rupp | Andrs Cano | Jens Kreisel | Astri Haugen | Shujun Zhang | Ahmad Safari | Jacob Jones | Akira Ando | Murata Manufacturing | Nazanin Bassiri-Gharb | Andrew Bell | Sang Bu | Stuart Burns | Sandy Cochran | Marco Deluca | Michelle Dolgos | Elizabeth Donley | Julia Glaum | Andrei Kholkin | Jing-Feng Li | Barbara Mali | Jozef Stefan | Jon-Paul Maria | Gunnar Picht | Ronald Polcawich | Clive Randall | Wei Ren | Paul Reynolds | Jrgen Rdel | Tom Shrout | Vladimir Shur | Xiaoli Tan | Susan Trolier-Mckinstry | Nagarajan Valanoor | Dwight Viehland | Hong Wang | Roger Whatmore | Cindy Wu | Simon Fraser | Kui Yao | Zuo-Guang Ye | Qifa Zhou | Weiguang Zhu | Yun Liu | Juliette Cardoletti | Long-Qing Chen | John Daniels | Elizabeth Dickey | Brahim Dkhil | Stephen Ducharme | Lynn Ewart | Peter Finkel | Vladimir Fridkin | Sylvia Matzen | John Phair | Vasudevan Rama | Andrew Rappe | Tadej Rojac | James Roscow | Daniel Sando | Tae Song | Jonathan Spanier | Nicholas Strnad | Scott Summerfelt | Julian Walker | Junling Wang | Xiaohui Wang | Mingmin Yang | Hiroko Yokota | Christina Zacharaki | Pavlo Zubko
Source:  (article, 2019-07-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Table of contents Ferroelectric materials have been well developed for various applications ranging from sensors to capacitors, memory devices, transducers and actuators since the first ferroelectricity, rochelle salt was discovered in 1920s. The study of ferroelectrics has attracted considerable attentions from researchers in condensed matters physics and solid-state chemistry (including crystallography) because the relation between the structure and properties in such strongly correlated material systems is very complicated and fascinating. In this talk, I will discuss the importance of the structure and phase transition in the course of seeking and developing new ferroelectric materials. Through the case studies, I will address several critical issues in the study of ferroelectric and related materials, regarding (1) average and local structure; (2) defects and local chemistry; (3) surface and bulk effect; (4) low dimensional form, and (5) nontraditional metal oxides. In the end, I will share my vision and insight on the future research in ferroelectrics that may be beyond the traditionally well-defined ferroelectrics. Ferroelectricity ; Capacitor ; Engineering physics ; Materials science ; Nanotechnology ; Phase transition ; Relation (database) ; Computer science ; Condensed matter physics ; Engineering ; Optoelectronics ; Physics ; Electrical engineering Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials ; Chemical and Physical Properties of Materials ; Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies
Authors: Patrycja Górniak | Andrzej Sobczyk | Janusz Pobędza
Source: System Safety Human - Technical Facility - Environment (article, 2019-03-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Safety of CMS Experiment Systems Operation – Integration of a New CO<sub>2</sub> Fire Extinguishing Weighing System to the CMS Safety Panel Abstract The subject of the article is the integration of a new CO 2 fire extinguishing weighing system to the panel displaying the status of Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector safety systems (CMS Safety Panel) at CERN. The CO 2 fire extinguishing system is responsible for protection of unique control devices, so safety of its operation and the weighing system was designed to monitor the state of it and make it reliable. CMS Safety Panel displays status of safety systems used in CMS Experiment and it is based on JCOP Framework that guarantee compatibility of all the projects. The integration of the new CO 2 fire extinguishing system to the CMS Safety Panel requires that the system meets the assumptions that other projects fulfil and allows for clear monitoring of its situation along with the rest of the security systems. System integration ; Engineering ; System safety ; Compact Muon Solenoid ; Compatibility (geochemistry) ; Large Hadron Collider ; Control system ; Systems engineering ; Automotive engineering ; Computer science ; Detector ; Reliability engineering ; Electrical engineering ; Operating system ; Physics Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies ; Nuclear and radioactivity studies ; Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies
Authors: Navid Khajehzadeh
Source: Aaltodoc (Aalto University) (article, 2019-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR ONLINE MINERAL IDENTIFICATION The exploration and mineral processing phases of mining need advanced measurement and analytical techniques to speed up the process of mineral identification. Rapid mineral identification is necessary for a better process control and efficient use of energy and raw materials. &#13;\n&#13;\nAlthough the spectroscopic techniques performed in the laboratories provide accurate results, the process of measuring, data preparation and analysis is slow and far from the goal of rapid analysis. Geologists are enthusiastic about the abundance of the minerals as well as the mineral map of the surface of the drill core samples. Therefore, there is a need to develop new techniques enabling rapid mineral identification of the rock and ore drill core samples. &#13;\n&#13;\nOre beneficiation is yet another process where online mineral identification is required. The control of the flotation processes is strongly relying on the online analysis of elemental contents in the process feed, final product and tailings, as well as in the intermediate material flows inside the process. However, it is the minerals that affect how the ore behaves in the flotation process. Therefore, online analysis of minerals would enable more accurate process control in several flotation applications when compared to the online elemental analysis. &#13;\n&#13;\nThis thesis investigates whether the data of the currently available measurement techniques could be utilized to extract mineralogical information. The target is qualitative and quantitative mineral identification with the smallest amount of investment or modification of the instruments. &#13;\n&#13;\nThe main results of the thesis show that the spectral integration of the commonly used spectroscopic techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), reflectance spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, enables the rapid identification of mineral contents. Advanced statistical techniques such as partial least squares (PLS) provide a means of determining the mineral contents from the available measured spectra. Identification (biology) ; Computer science ; Geology Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography ; Various Chemistry Research Topics
Authors: RY Chaudhari | D. B. Raut | P. A. Barhewar | Angeliki Mali | K. B. Burade
Source: International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology (review, 2019-12-05)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

A Review on Computer - Aided Formulation Development This chapter introduces the concept of formulation development assisted by computer applications. Development and optimization of various types of pharmaceutical emulsions microemulsions, self- microemulsifying systems, and double emulsions are presented. Illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the ability of computer-aided tools to facilitate formulation development. Various techniques, such as design of experiments and arti?cial neural networks, are implemented for optimization of the formulation and/or processing parameters. Furthermore, some of the critical quality attributes and processing parameters are optimized simultaneously. The examples presented should serve as the foundation for the future quality- by-design development of pharmaceutical emulsion and (self) microemulsion formulations. Computer science ; Microemulsion ; Quality by Design ; Development (topology) ; Computer-aided ; Quality (philosophy) ; Engineering ; Mathematics Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography ; Surfactants and Colloidal Systems ; Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
Authors: Dharmasena Ms
Source: Nanoscale Reports (article, 2019-06-07)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

Nanostructured Coatings in Aerospace and Automotive Industries Nanostructured coatings have emerged as a revolutionary advancement in surface engineering, offering enhanced mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties essential for high-performance applications in the aerospace and automotive industries. By manipulating materials at the nanoscale, these coatings provide superior corrosion and wear resistance, thermal stability, and multifunctional capabilities such as self-cleaning, anti-icing, and sensing. In aerospace, nanocoatings improve engine efficiency, protect critical components from extreme environmental conditions, and contribute to weight reduction, directly impacting fuel consumption and operational costs. Similarly, the automotive sector benefits from nanostructured coatings through improved durability, scratch resistance, reduced friction, and environmentally friendly formulations that align with sustainability goals. Despitethese advantages, challenges related to scalable manufacturing, cost-effectiveness, environmental and health safety, and evolving regulatory landscapes remain. This paper reviews the fundamental properties, fabrication techniques, and key applications of nanostructured coatings in both industries, highlighting current innovations and practical implementations. It also addresses the limitations and emerging trends, including the integration of smart functionalities and digital technologies to optimize coating performance and lifecycle management. By providing a comprehensive overview, this work aims to inform stakeholders on leveraging nanostructured coatings to enhance product performance, safety, and sustainability, while navigating the complexities of commercialization and regulation. The future of nanocoatings is poised for growth through multidisciplinary collaboration, sustainable development, and technological integration, promising significant contributions to the advancement of aerospace and automotive technologies. Automotive industry ; Aerospace ; Materials science ; Manufacturing engineering ; Metallurgy ; Engineering ; Aerospace engineering Material Properties and Applications ; Tribology and Wear Analysis ; Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
Authors: Kacper Wierzchoś
Source: Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) (article, 2019-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Millimeter-wavelength characterization of the CO emission of comets 174P/Echeclus, 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann, and C/2016 R2 (PanSTARRS) Comets are fascinating minor solar system bodies. They contain some of the most pristine and unprocessed material found in the solar system. As a comet approaches the Sun it displays the characteristic cometary coma and tail. This is due to the release of volatile species through a variety of processes. In the present work I studied the carbon monoxide emission of three very unique comets; 174P/Echeclus, 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann and C/2016 R2 (PanSTARRS) with different radio telescopes at millimeter wavelengths. After molecular hydrogen, carbon monoxide is the second most abundant molecule in the universe, and is also the most volatile of the species found in most comets. The study of its release mechanisms, content and distribution rwithin the coma of a comet can constrain current models of cometary and solar system formation. Some of the most relevant results of this work include: Detection of carbon monoxide in comet/Centaur 174P/Echeclus -only the third Centaur in which CO has been detected-, evidence for non-correlation between the CO emission and dust production in comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann, and the first detection of 13CO in a comet. Millimeter ; Remote sensing ; Characterization (materials science) ; Astrobiology ; Physics ; Environmental science ; Astronomy ; Optics ; Geology Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Atmospheric Ozone and Climate ; Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research