jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Shikha Awasthi | Anil Khachi | O.S.K.S Sastri
Source: TURKISH JOURNAL OF PHYSICS (article, 2025-06-25)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Variational Monte Carlo optimization of proton-proton scattering potential using the phase function method The Riccati-type nonlinear differential equation, also known as the Phase Function equation, is used to construct local inverse potentials for the 1S0 - pp state by bypassing the well-known Schrödinger equation. The pp interaction is described using the Malfliet-Tjon potential model for the nuclear component combined with a screened Coulomb potential, with the phase equation solved via the fourth-order Runge-Kutta (RK-4) method. Based on our analysis, we confirm that the optimized interaction potential closely matches the well-known realistic Argonne V18 and Reid potentials for the 1S0 state, and the computed phase shifts and cross-sections show excellent agreement with experimental data. This study demonstrates the efficacy of PFM in accurately modeling nuclear interactions, contributing to the refinement of theoretical frameworks for high-energy scattering phenomena. Monte Carlo method ; Proton ; Phase (matter) ; Statistical physics ; Physics ; Scattering ; Function (biology) ; Variational Monte Carlo ; Dynamic Monte Carlo method ; Computational physics ; Quantum Monte Carlo ; Nuclear physics ; Quantum mechanics ; Mathematics Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications ; Nuclear physics research studies ; Nuclear Physics and Applications
Authors: Etriana Meirista | Maria Fransina Veronica Ruslau | Nurhayati Nurhayati | Rian Ade Pratama
Source: Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings (article, 2025-05-02)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for Dimensionality Reduction in Watermelon Leaf Classification Machine learning, along with digital image processing is one of the most efficient ways to identify and classify plants. However, this can be expensive and lead to overfitting if a lot of features are used for classification. The research process begins with image preprocessing, including cropping, resizing, separating foreground and background images, and noise removal. Next, image segmentation is performed using Canny edge detection to separate leaf objects from the background. Feature extraction is conducted based on two categories: shape and texture features. Shape features include basic geometric features such as diameter, physiological length, physiological width, leaf area, and leaf perimeter, as well as digital morphology features like aspect ratio, rectangularity, narrow factor, and the ratio of perimeter to diameter, length, and width. For texture features, extraction is done using the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) method. After extracting all features, PCA is applied to reduce the dimensionality from 14 original features to 5 principal components while retaining 85% of the data variance. The classification process is then performed using SVM with a quadratic kernel. The results show that the SVM classification method, after dimensionality reduction with PCA, achieved an accuracy of 83.68%, which is higher than the accuracy without PCA, which was only 74.54%. Thus, the use of PCA has proven effective in improving classification accuracy and speeding up computation by reducing the number of features without losing significant information. Principal component analysis ; Dimensionality reduction ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Reduction (mathematics) ; Artificial intelligence ; Mathematics ; Computer science Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Smart Agriculture and AI ; Remote Sensing and Land Use
Authors: Lin Bai | Yuan Ke Liu | Xin Ge Zhang | Wei Jiang
Source: Small Structures (article, 2025-08-12)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Adaptive Electromagnetic Manipulation via Smart Metasurface with Ultrasonic Spatial Sensing Programmable metasurfaces with smart control systems have attracted significant attention in recent years owing to their brilliant ability to manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves without human operation. Among them, those with sensing capabilities further enhance the intelligence and adaptability, paving the way for the future communication era. However, many of the existing works only focus on the sensing and processing of one single physical parameter, which limits the applications in intelligent scenarios. Herein, a smart metasurface platform that can sense multiple spatial information is proposed, and EM waves under multipolarization depending on the spatial status of an external object in a noncontact and self‐adaptive way are manipulated. The status information of the target is captured by a ranging module, and the control system drives the programmable metasurface to realize different EM functions, including automatic beam collimation, adaptive beam broadening, and external object recognition and cloaking. All the adaptive functions have been verified by the simulated and measured results. This work sets up a new paradigm for smart metasurfaces, which is expected to have extensive applications in advanced EM devices and communication systems. Ultrasonic sensor ; Acoustics ; Computer science ; Electromagnetic radiation ; Physics ; Optics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Antenna Design and Analysis ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
Authors: Bo Yang | Hui Jin | Chaobiao Chen | Peixuan Zhu | Siqi Zhang | Rongrong Zhu | Bin Zheng | Huan Lu
Source: Materials (article, 2025-08-25)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Broadband Flexible Metasurface for SAR Imaging Cloaking Most electromagnetic invisibility devices are designed while relying on rigid structures, which have limitations in adapting to complex curved surfaces and dynamic deployment. In contrast, flexible invisibility structures have great application value due to their bendable and easy-to-fit characteristics. In this paper, we propose a flexible metasurface suitable for broadband SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) imaging invisibility, which realizes multi-domain joint regulation of electromagnetic waves by designing two subwavelength unit structures with differentiated reflection characteristics and combining array inverse optimization methods. The metasurface employs a sponge-like dielectric substrate and integrates resistive ink to construct a resonant structure, which can suppress electromagnetic scattering through joint phase and amplitude modulation, achieving low detectability of targets in UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) detection scenarios. Indoor microwave anechoic chamber tests and outdoor UAV-borne SAR experiments verify its stable invisibility performance in a wide frequency band, providing theoretical and experimental support for the application of flexible metasurfaces in dynamic electromagnetic detection countermeasures. Broadband ; Cloaking ; Optics ; Materials science ; Metamaterial ; Physics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Antenna Design and Analysis ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
Authors: Luxin Zhou | Bowen Li
Source: Journal of Applied Physics (article, 2025-11-26)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Machine learning aided optimization of multilayer lattice for microwave absorption In response to the increasing demand for lightweight stealth structures, this research proposed a novel optimization strategy for the microwave-absorbing performance of multilayer lattice structures based on the octet-type lattice structure. Initially, unit cells with varying densities were constructed, and their S-parameters were simulated across the 0.5–18 GHz frequency range to retrieve the corresponding equivalent electromagnetic parameters. The relationship between lattice volume fractions and equivalent electromagnetic parameters was subsequently established using the Random Forest algorithm. An optimization model was then formulated, employing the volume fraction of each layer as design variables, the total volume fraction as a constraint, absorbing bandwidth as the objective, and utilizing particle swarm optimization as the optimizer. The optimization results revealed that the optimal lattice structure exhibits a non-linear volume fraction gradient across the layers. Compared to traditional uniform and linearly graded lattice structures, the optimized configuration achieved a markedly broader microwave-absorbing bandwidth within the calculating frequency range. The proposed approach, thus, provided an effective framework for the design of advanced lightweight microwave-absorbing structures. Lattice (music) ; Volume fraction ; Bandwidth (computing) ; Particle swarm optimization ; Lattice constant ; Microwave ; Optimization algorithm Electromagnetic wave absorption materials ; Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
Authors: Mousumi Sabat | Pramod Shelake | Nachiket Kotwaliwale
Source: Coloration Technology (article, 2025-02-03)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Colorimetry in food analysis using digital imaging system Abstract A non‐destructive, user‐friendly, portable colour measurement system was developed using the MATLAB interface that gives acceptable results with any imaging sensor. Digital images captured by the imaging sensor were used to obtain quantitative colour information in three formats, namely, RGB, XYZ and CIELAB. The zoom‐in feature is useful for obtaining detailed colour features of the image, while cropping of the region of interest aids in reducing the image matrix and, ultimately, the computational power required. Quantitative information on the colour value of the product (both average and region to region) can be obtained in all three formats (i.e., RGB, XYZ and CIELAB). It also gives the three closest Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) values of the product. The accuracy of the measurement system was first validated against a standard colour chart then it was tested using three image sensors of different configurations. Coefficient of determination ( R 2 ) and root mean square error values of 0.983 and 3.391 for L *, 0.994 and 1.851 for a * and 0.996 and 2.042 for b *, respectively, were obtained during performance evaluation. Similarly, when different imaging sensors were used for colour determination, the colour values showed no significant variation for all tested samples (i.e., various fruits and vegetables of different chroma/hues). Colorimetry ; Digital imaging ; Computer science ; Computer vision ; Digital image ; Image processing ; Image (mathematics) Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies ; Identification and Quantification in Food
Authors: Guowei Wang | Qingsong Hu | S.H. Wang | Han Guo | Lei Li | Kelong Zhao
Source:  (article, 2025-04-25)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

Mechanical characterization of posture adjustment carts under the multi-posture condition of the ship block At present, shipbuilding mainly adopts the block construction method. The attitude adjustment trolley is crucial for the accurate and efficient docking of large ship blocks, and its performance directly affects the docking efficiency and accuracy. This paper first analyzes the structure and kinematics of the attitude adjustment trolley and studies its motion mode in detail. Then, finite element modeling and analysis are performed on the trolley to obtain the stress, displacement, and strain cloud diagrams. By applying different directions of force to the trolley, its working state is simulated in the block multi-attitude case. The results show that when the pressure is within the range of 25000N rated lifting force and the angle between the pressure direction and the horizontal plane does not exceed 15&deg;, the maximum stress, displacement and strain of the trolley increase with the increase of the clamping angle. When the clamping angle reaches 15&deg;, the maximum stress is 172 MPa, the maximum displacement is 0.9972 mm and the maximum strain is 0.002213. At the same time, as the angle increases, the location of the maximum stress and strain is shifted from the bottom of the slide table to the upper guide cap of the screw. Block (permutation group theory) ; Characterization (materials science) ; Computer science ; Marine engineering ; Environmental science ; Physical medicine and rehabilitation ; Engineering ; Mathematics ; Medicine ; Materials science ; Nanotechnology Material Properties and Applications ; Mechanical Engineering Research and Applications ; Mechanical Engineering and Vibrations Research
Authors: Amir Masoud Molaei | María García-Fernández | Guillermo Álvarez-Narciandi | Okan Yurduseven
Source:  (article, 2025-09-08)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Computational Imaging with Dynamically Reconfigurable Metasurface Antennas: An Experimental Study This paper presents an experimental study on computational imaging (CI) using dynamically reconfigurable metasurface antennas (DMAs). By leveraging DMAs, the system generates spatially incoherent radiation patterns (measurement modes), enabling efficient three-dimensional image reconstruction with reduced hardware complexity. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated through experimental tests, analyzing key factors such as the number of tuning states (i.e., the number of masks), the number of frequency samples, and the image reconstruction methods. The results demonstrate that increasing the number of masks and frequency samples enhances the image quality while reducing them leads to degraded reconstruction performance. Furthermore, we conduct a comparative study between two spatial reconstruction techniques, namely matched-filter and least-squares, using the synthesized DMA system, providing a trade-off in terms of the computational efficiency and the image reconstruction quality. The findings confirm that DMA-based CI systems offer a flexible and hardware-efficient solution for electromagnetic imaging, paving the way for advanced applications in security screening, biomedical imaging and nondestructive testing. Iterative reconstruction ; Image quality ; Key (lock) ; Image (mathematics) ; Computational complexity theory ; Quality (philosophy) Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Antenna Design and Analysis
Authors: Tong Mu | Tian Xing | Peiyuan Ni | Shichao Chen | Yanan Cao | Gang Cheng
Source: Sensors (article, 2025-08-20)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Sub-ppb Methane Detection via EMD–Wavelet Adaptive Thresholding in Wavelength Modulation TDLAS: A Hybrid Denoising Approach for Trace Gas Sensing Wavelength modulation-tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (WM-TDLAS) is a critical tool for gas detection. However, noise in second harmonic signals degrades detection performance. This study presents a hybrid denoising algorithm combining Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and wavelet adaptive thresholding to enhance WM-TDLAS performance. The algorithm decomposes raw signals into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) via EMD, selectively denoises high-frequency IMFs using wavelet thresholding, and reconstructs the signal while preserving spectral features. Simulation and experimental validation using the CH<sub>4</sub> absorption spectrum at 1654 nm demonstrate that the system achieves a threefold improvement in detection precision (0.1181 ppm). Allan variance analysis revealed that the detection capability of the system was significantly enhanced, with the minimum detection limit (MDL) drastically reduced from 2.31 ppb to 0.53 ppb at 230 s integration time. This approach enhances WM-TDLAS performance without hardware modification, offering significant potential for environmental monitoring and industrial safety applications. Hilbert–Huang transform ; Thresholding ; Wavelet ; Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy ; Detection limit ; Noise reduction ; SIGNAL (programming language) ; Noise (video) ; Modulation (music) ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer science ; Laser ; Chemistry ; Optics ; Tunable laser ; Acoustics ; Physics ; White noise ; Telecommunications Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
Authors: Jian Chen | Ying Zhen | Yuanyuan Liu | Dekang Zhang | Yuguang Cao | Yaya He | Qiankun Zhao
Source: Coatings (article, 2025-06-30)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Calculation Method for Failure Pressure of Oil and Gas Pipelines with Multiple Corrosion Defects In the structural integrity assessment of pipelines with multiple defects, conventional methods such as the DNV and MTI approaches demonstrate notable predictive biases. Specifically, the burst capacity estimated by the MTI model frequently exceeds experimental test values, whereas DNV calculations tend to be overly conservative, possibly resulting in unnecessary maintenance expenses. To address these challenges, this study employs nonlinear finite element analysis to reassess the failure pressure of pipelines with multiple corrosion defects. Initially, the interaction limit spacing between adjacent corrosion defects is computed to determine their potential for interaction. For adjacent corrosion defects exhibiting interaction, a merging limit criterion is introduced to evaluate their feasibility for merging. For those adjacent defects that satisfy the merging limit criterion, the DNV method is employed to merge them, followed by recalculating the failure pressure using the relevant formula. Finally, this study proposes a novel approach for assessing the failure pressure of pipelines with multiple corrosion defects. Through comparative analysis and validation, the proposed evaluation method exhibits enhanced accuracy in predicting the failure pressure of pipelines with multiple corrosion defects. The findings of this study provide a more precise methodology for assessing the residual strength of pipelines affected by multiple corrosion defects. Corrosion ; Pipeline transport ; Petroleum engineering ; Materials science ; Fossil fuel ; Forensic engineering ; Metallurgy ; Engineering ; Mechanical engineering ; Waste management Material Properties and Failure Mechanisms ; Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis ; Engineering Diagnostics and Reliability
Authors: Xingyi Li | Peixuan Wu | Yuan-Yuan Xing | Pengfei Shi | Xiayuan Yao | Yaoguang Ma
Source: Preprints.org (preprint, 2025-09-19)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Design Methodology of a VIS Hybrid Refractive-Metalens System with Wide FOV The emergence of metalens has opened new possibilities for miniaturizing optical systems. However, the limited group delay provided by meta-atoms restricts their aperture size under broadband operation. This challenge has stimulated the development of hybrid refractive-metalens system, which overcome the performance limitations of individual metalens while achieving a more compact form factor than conventional refractive lens assemblies. Here, we propose a design methodology for hybrid lenses that combines ray tracing with full-wave simulation. We analyze key aspects of the metalens within the hybrid system for wide wavelength band — dispersion and transmission efficiency. Based on this approach, we designed a high-resolution hybrid lens operating in the 430-650nm visible band with a 35° field of view. The results demonstrate that the proposed lens achieves equivalent imaging performance to conventional refractive systems while reducing the total track length by 29%. This validates the effectiveness of our design method, indicating its strong potential for application in compact and lightweight optical systems. Broadband ; Lens (geology) ; Ray tracing (physics) ; Aperture (computer memory) ; Dispersion (optics) ; Systems design ; Key (lock) ; Transmission (telecommunications) ; Field of view Optical Coatings and Gratings ; Material Properties and Applications ; Maritime Transport Emissions and Efficiency
Authors: Armen V. Sogoyan | Anatoly A. Smolin | Anastasia V. Ulanova | A. I. Chumakov | Andrey V. Yanenko | Dmitry V. Boychenko
Source: Bezopasnost informacionnyh tehnology (article, 2025-02-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

SINGLE EVENT EFFECTS RADIATION TESTING REQUIREMENTS: A BAYESIN AN APPROACH A key aspect of the safe operation of computing systems in environments with exposure to ionizing particles (such as ions, protons, and neutrons) is single-event effects (SEE) hardness assurance. Statistically reliable determination of the probability of failure-free operation of integrated circuits (ICs) based on radiation testing results poses several fundamental challenges. In the absence of observed failures during testing, it becomes nearly impossible to interpret the results conclusively without utilizing prior knowledge about the device and the nature of SEEs. Prior quantitative information about SEE behaviour of the devices of the same type can be used to justifiably reduce test requirements while the desired confidence level in the hardness assessment. This paper proposes a method for determining testing requirements based on Bayesian methodology. In this approach, SEE sensitivity parameters are treated as a random vector variable, and the prior probability distribution for this variable is constructed from available empirical data. Both parametric and non-parametric methods for constructing the prior distribution from empirical data are considered. The analysis reveals that the uncertainty in testing requirements estimation is predominantly influenced by the prior information and its representation, while accounting for sample-to-sample variability and particle fluence measurement errors only slightly increases test requirements. The proposed approach was also used for assessing the confidence level of hardness requirements compliance check based on prior information without conducting actual tests. Event (particle physics) ; Computer science ; Reliability engineering ; Engineering ; Physics ; Astrophysics Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies ; Radiation Effects in Electronics ; Nuclear and radioactivity studies
Authors: Hugo Prod’homme | Philipp del Hougne
Source: IEEE Communications Letters (article, 2025-11-07)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Beyond-Diagonal Dynamic Metasurface Antenna Dynamic metasurface antennas (DMAs) are an emerging technology for next-generation wireless base stations, distinguished by hybrid analog/digital beamforming capabilities with low hardware complexity. However, the intrinsic coupling between meta-atoms is fixed by <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">static</i> waveguide or cavity structures in existing DMAs, which fundamentally constrains the achievable performance. Here, we introduce <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">reconfigurable</i> intrinsic coupling mechanisms between meta-atoms, yielding finer control over the DMA’s analog signal processing capabilities. This novel hardware is coined “beyond-diagonal DMA” (BD-DMA), in line with established BD-RIS terminology. Considering realistic hardware constraints, we derive a physics-consistent system model revealing (correlated) “beyond-diagonal” programmability. We also present an equivalent formulation with (uncorrelated) “diagonal” programmability. Based on the latter, we propose a general and efficient mutual-coupling-aware optimization algorithm. Physics-consistent simulations validate the performance enhancement enabled by reconfigurable intrinsic coupling mechanisms in BD-DMAs. The BD-DMA benefits grow with the mutual coupling strength. Coupling (piping) ; Beamforming ; Wireless ; Antenna (radio) ; Base station ; Signal processing ; Reconfigurable antenna ; Topology (electrical circuits) ; Line (geometry) Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies ; Antenna Design and Analysis