jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Serzhan Mombekov
Source: Fitoterapia (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Study of acute and subacute toxicity substances with antifungal action based on pomyferin from fruits Maclura aurantiaca Actuality.The study of the toxicity and biological activity of pomyferin, a compound derived from the fruits of Maclura aurantiaca, is crucial for the further development of effective and safe pharmaceuticals.This research also contributes to expanding our knowledge of potential applications of plant-based compounds in medicine.Aim.The primary objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacological properties of pomyferin from the fruits of Maclura aurantiaca, with a focus on evaluating its acute and subacute toxicity.Materials and methods.The acute toxicity of the pomyferin extract was studied following the guidelines approved by the Pharmacological Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan.The experiments involved male and female white mice, each weighing between 18.0 and 22.0 grams.The mice were kept on a standard diet and housed in a vivarium under controlled conditions.Each experimental group consisted of six animals.Results.The results demonstrated no pathological changes in the general health indicators of the mice during the entire study period.The animals in all groups remained active, and no signs of intoxication or alterations in respiratory, cardiovascular, or central nervous system functions were observed.Conclusions.Based on the findings, it was concluded that the animals treated with the pomyferin substance showed no differences from the control group.The treated animals were active, displayed normal reflexes, and had regular water and food intake, with no impairment in their natural functions.Therefore, pomyferin is considered a low-toxicity substance (hazard class IV) and holds promise for further clinical studies. Antifungal ; Toxicity ; Traditional medicine ; Biology ; Botany ; Chemistry ; Toxicology ; Medicine ; Microbiology Chromatography in Natural Products
Authors: Piyarat Paoleng | Sirisak Kongsomsaksakul | Ittipon Meepon | Siripat Maneekaew
Source: Cuestiones de Fisioterapia (article, 2025-12-04)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

APPLICATION OF BIOCHAR AS PARTIAL CEMENT REPLACEMENT WITH POLYPROPYLENE PLASTIC WASTE FOR SUSTAINABLE CONCRETE PAVING BLOCKS Cement production and sand extraction contribute heavily to carbon emissions and environmental degradation. This study investigates the development of sustainable concrete paving blocks by partially replacing cement with biochar and sand with polypropylene (PP) plastic waste. Concrete blocks with dimensions of 11.25 × 22.5 × 6 cm were cast using a 1:2:1 cement:sand:crushed stone ratio, substituting 5–20% biochar and 2–6% PP, and cured for 3, 7, and 28 days. Tests conducted in accordance with TIS 827-2565 included compressive strength, water absorption, density, and skid resistance. Results indicated that replacing cement with biochar and sand with PP slightly decreased the density; however, mixtures containing up to 5% biochar and 2% PP maintained density values comparable to the control mix. The optimum performance occurred at 5% biochar and 2% PP, achieving a compressive strength of 52.11 MPa with acceptable water absorption and skid resistance. The findings highlight a practical and eco-efficient approach for reusing natural and plastic wastes in construction, reducing reliance on virgin materials while producing standardized and sustainable concrete suitable for practical applications. Biochar ; Compressive strength ; Polypropylene ; Reuse ; Cement ; Plastic waste ; Absorption of water Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Innovative concrete reinforcement materials ; Concrete and Cement Materials Research
Authors: W. C. Tsai | Ding‐Bing Lin | P.-F. Lu | Tseung‐Yuen Tseng
Source: The Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal (ACES) (article, 2025-06-30)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

De-embedding Technique for Extraction and Analysis of Insulator Properties in Cables This work utilizes the Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW) method to analyze the frequency-dependent material properties of the insulator inside cables. These properties include ε(f), μ(f), and tanδ. Common methods for this analysis include the open-ended coaxial probe method, free space method, resonant method, and transmission/reflection line method. Each method has a suitable structure and may require additional samples for measurement. Our proposed method can calculate the real material properties of the insulation after foaming in the cable following extrusion, up to 40 GHz. This study also compiles the effects of various factors on the extraction of material parameters and provides a detailed analysis of potential sources of error. We observed that variations in production can introduce discrepancies after de-embedding, which can result in anomalies at the dissipation factor curve. Finally, we propose a correction method that effectively improves the accuracy of the extracted dielectric constant. Insulator (electricity) ; Dielectric ; Dissipation factor ; Dissipation ; Material properties ; Extraction (chemistry) ; Coaxial High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Thermal Analysis in Power Transmission ; Electrical Fault Detection and Protection
Authors: Sergei D. Odintsov | Changzheng Qu | Ji‐Huan He
Source:  (article, 2025-11-11)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Preface: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Symmetry (Symmetry 2025) This conference volume presents the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Symmetry (Symmetry 2025), held on 16–19 May 2025 in Hangzhou, China [...] Symmetry (geometry) ; Field (mathematics) ; Calculus (dental) ; Work (physics) Quasicrystal Structures and Properties ; Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications ; Homotopy and Cohomology in Algebraic Topology
Authors: Yunfan He | Zhuoqing Yang | Yan Zhang | Yunna Sun | Jinyuan Yao | Guifu Ding
Source: Sensors (article, 2025-11-02)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Simulation of Unidirectional Ion Ejection in Miniature Four-Channel Linear Ion Trap Array With the surging demand for dynamic, real-time, and rapid qualitative analysis of chemical components, chip-scale mass spectrometers have attracted widespread attention. Ion traps have become the preferred mass analyzer for chip-scale mass spectrometers due to their excellent analytical performance. However, the miniaturization of ion traps inevitably leads to a reduction in ion storage capacity, which in turn affects their sensitivity and dynamic range. In this study, a Miniature Four-Channel Linear Ion Trap Array (M-FLITA) with hyperbolic electrodes and a 1 mm field radius was established and optimized. Concurrently, unidirectional ion ejection was accomplished by the application of asymmetric RF voltages on M-FLITA. The results demonstrate that, in the stretched structure, the mass resolution is improved to 732, while the unidirectional ion ejection efficiency is maintained at 96%. M-FLITA demonstrates advantages in terms of high ion storage capacity and mass resolution under high ion flux conditions, providing an ideal solution for high-performance micro mass analyzers in chip-scale mass spectrometers. Ion ; Ion trap ; Quadrupole ion trap ; Miniaturization ; Mass spectrometry ; Secondary ion mass spectrometry ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Resolution (logic) ; RADIUS Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications ; Electrochemical Analysis and Applications
Authors: Seokmin Hong | Junhyeok Park | SM Kang | Kyudeok Oh | Soojin Kwon
Source: Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry (article, 2025-12-30)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Recent Trends in Life Cycle Assessment Studies on Pulp- and Paper-Based Materials The pulp and paper sector is both highly energy-and resource-intensive.However, it remains a key supplier of renewable and recyclable materials in the transition away from fossil-based products.This review synthesizes approximately two decades of life cycle assessment (LCA) studies on pulp-and paper-based materials, with emphasis on research published from approximately 2003 to 2025.The literature is first mapped in terms of processes and products covered, system boundaries, functional units, and regional focus, revealing a strong concentration on mass-based functional units, European and Asian case studies, and attributional LCAs that prioritize climate-and energy-related indicators.Mill-and sector-level case studies consistently identify pulping, bleaching, and drying, as well as associated steam and electricity generation, as dominant contributors to global warming potential and other midpoint impacts.Additionally, they highlight the dual role of kraft mills as both major energy consumers and producers of biomass-based heat and power.Comparative LCAs further evaluate how recycling strategies, end-of-life options, alternative fibers, and paper-based packaging systems perform relative to virgin routes and nonpaper competitors, showing that environmental benefits are highly context-dependent and sensitive to background energy mixes, fiber-yield assumptions, and market-mediated effects.Overall, this review highlights that robust decarbonization and circularity strategies for the pulp and paper sector will require context-specific sets of measures, such as energy-efficiency improvements, fuel switching toward low-carbon and biomass-based energy, optimized waste and wastewater management, and more efficient fiber use, all supported by more consistent, dynamic, and decision-oriented LCA practice. Life-cycle assessment ; Risk assessment ; Life expectancy ; Work (physics) Advanced Cellulose Research Studies ; Material Properties and Processing ; Environmental Impact and Sustainability
Authors: M Hroch
Source: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry (article, 2025-01-10)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Exploratory multivariate analysis using R Language for method development in liquid chromatography The visual evaluation of data derived from screening and optimization experiments in the development of new analytical methods poses a considerable time investment and introduces the risk of subjectivity. This study presents a novel approach to processing such data, based on factor analysis of mixed data and hierarchical clustering - multivariate techniques implemented in the R programming language. The methodology is demonstrated in the early-stage screening and optimization of the chromatographic separation of 15 structurally diverse drugs that affect the central nervous system, using a custom R Language script. The presented explorative approach enabled the identification of key parameters affecting the separation and significantly reduced the time required to evaluate the comprehensive dataset from the screening experiments. Based on the data analysis results, the optimal combination of stationary phase and mobile phase composition was selected, considering retention, overall resolution, and peak shape of compounds. Additionally, compounds vulnerable to changes in selected chromatographic conditions were identified. As a complement to the presented R Language script, a web-based application ChromaFAMDeX has been developed to offer an intuitive interface that enhances the accessibility of the used statistical methods. Accompanying the publication, the R script and the link to the standalone application are provided, enabling replication and adaptation of the methodology. Computer science ; Identification (biology) ; Multivariate statistics ; Cluster analysis ; Principal component analysis ; Data mining ; Hierarchical clustering ; Artificial intelligence ; Machine learning Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography ; Computational Drug Discovery Methods ; Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
Authors: P. Rajaiah | Ch. Sravan Kumar | B. Laxman | B. Vennela | A. Pramod Reddy
Source: Journal of Scientific Research and Reports (article, 2025-01-10)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Performance Evaluation of Motorized Millet Thresher Millets are grown in semi-arid regions of the world which require less water to grow, particularly these crops were grown in Asia and. African continents of the world. Telangana has a semi-arid weather condition which is a suitable environment for the cultivation of millets. Commonly cultivated millets in Telangana are Sorghum, Pearl millet, Finger millet (major millets) Foxtail, little, Kodo, Proso and Barnyard millet (minor millets). A study was conducted to evaluate the performance of CIAE developed motorized thresher. The thresher was evaluated for three millets, Foxtail, Barnyard and Finger millets. The evaluation was conducted by AICRP on Farm Implements and Machinery, PJTAU, Rajendranagar at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Palem, Nagarkurnool District. Key performance indicators of thresher viz., feed rate, input capacity, output capacity, blower loss, un threshed grain, threshing efficiency and cleaning efficiency were measured. Results indicate that threshing efficiency for Foxtail millet, Finger millet and Barnyard millet are 97.94%, 92.17% and 97.52% respectively. The cleaning efficiency of Foxtail millet, Finger millet and Barnyard millet were 99%, 92.47% and 94.00% respectively. Threshing ; Agricultural engineering ; Agronomy ; Mathematics ; Agroforestry ; Environmental science ; Engineering ; Biology ; Botany Textile materials and evaluations ; Soil Mechanics and Vehicle Dynamics
Authors: Tianyi Gao | Lu Wu | Yuru Ma | W. Zhai | Lu Zhang | Cong Wei | Zhiping Cai | Changlong Cui | Liang Li
Source: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology (article, 2025-10-31)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Pickering emulsion loaded with total flavonoids from Dracocephalum moldavica L. potentially promotes angiogenesis in the ischemic penumbra after cerebral ischemia reperfusion Overall, this study provides robust evidence for TFDM's neuroprotective effects, supporting its potential as a novel therapeutic candidate for stroke prevention and treatment. Notably, TFDM encapsulated in Pickering emulsion is a practical, efficient approach with promising prospects for future stroke therapy. Penumbra ; Neuroprotection ; Angiogenesis ; Ischemia ; Ischemic stroke ; Emulsion Pickering emulsions and particle stabilization ; Ginkgo biloba and Cashew Applications ; Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Studies
Authors: Hannah Glover
Source: CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry (article, 2025-06-25)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Adding New Dimensions to Protein Structures with Room-Temperature Serial Crystallography Structure-based drug design (SBDD) uses experimentally determined structures of proteins to aid in the identification of hits and development of leads for protein targets. Improving the physiological relevance of protein structures that are routinely determined at cryogenic temperature will undoubtedly help to improve this design process. One way that this can be achieved is through serial crystallography; a method that can be used to determine the high-resolution structure of proteins at room temperature. Additionally, through the application of time-resolved serial crystallography, protein dynamics can be investigated – providing another dimension to protein structure determination. How this information can be used to guide SBDD is yet to be seen. This article gives a brief overview into serial crystallography, including the experimental challenges faced by researchers in the field and some recently published pharmacologically relevant proteins studied using this technique. Crystallography ; Materials science ; Chemistry Enzyme Structure and Function ; Protein Structure and Dynamics
Authors: Hongjie Kuang | Bin Wu | Fei Peng | Yang Yu | Xiaohui Ma | Yuxian Shangguan
Source: Frontiers in Plant Science (article, 2025-10-24)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Sustainable remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil through phytostabilization with the in-situ immobilization by mercapto-based palygorskite Phytostabilization has been widely applied to remediate mining soils contaminated with heavy metals, but the high soil toxicity often restricts plant growth and remediation efficiency. In this experiment, we investigated the effect of mercapto-based palygorskite (MPAL, applied at 2% and 4% w/w) on cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) phytostabilization by <i>Chrysopogon zizanioides</i> in soils contaminated with Cd and Pb. The results showed that soil pH did not vary under the application of MPAL but decreased during the cultivation of <i>C. zizanioides</i>. Compared with planting <i>C. zizanioides</i> alone, the application of MPAL significantly promoted the growth of <i>C. zizanioides</i>, enhanced its antioxidant enzyme activities, and decreased Cd and Pb concentrations in roots and shoots. Compared with CK, the addition of 4% MPAL, cultivated with <i>C. zizanioides</i>, reduced DTPA-extracted Cd and Pb in soils by 89.22% and 51.18%, respectively, at the highest level (p < 0.05). Moreover, urease, cellulase, and sucrase activities in soils treated with MPAL and cultivated with <i>C. zizanioides</i> were enhanced, with maximum increases of 37.70%, 110.22%, and 42.99%, respectively (p < 0.05). The interaction of MPAL and <i>C. zizanioides</i> increased bacterial richness and diversity but did not alter the bacterial community. This study demonstrated that the use of MPAL in combination with <i>C. zizanioides</i> could serve as a potential strategy for Cd and Pb immobilization and improvement of soil microecological properties. Palygorskite ; Environmental remediation ; Cadmium ; Soil water ; Soil contamination ; Phytoremediation ; Bioremediation ; Sowing Clay minerals and soil interactions ; Heavy metals in environment ; Electrokinetic Soil Remediation Techniques
Authors: Yihan Zhang | Shuqiang Lyu | Miaole Hou | Jing Guo | Junlin Yan
Source: The international archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences/International archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences (article, 2025-10-04)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Research on the Hyperspectral-based Unmixing Model of Composite Pigments on Mural Surfaces Abstract. Murals constitute an invaluable component of cultural heritage, encapsulating profound artistic and historical significance. Hyperspectral remote sensing, as a non-destructive testing technique, offers an effective means for analysing and identifying mural pigments. We proposed a spectral unmixing method based on the negative logarithm of spectral reflectance, aimed at improving the accuracy of quantitative analysis for composite pigments in murals. We obtained three sets of mixed spectra: cinnabar-orpiment, azurite-orpiment, and azurite-malachite. The original reflectance was converted into negative logarithmic values, and linear models were applied for unmixing. Supervised unmixing was conducted in the experiment to evaluate the model’s precision, with the unmixing process carried out using known endmembers. The unmixing accuracy was quantified using the Root Mean Square Error, which compares the estimated abundances of all endmembers with actual values. Additionally, a comparison was made between the negative logarithmic transformation and the commonly used transformations of original reflectance, first derivative, and second derivative. The result show that the logarithmic hyperspace linear model simplifies spectral unmixing complexity, enhancing the accuracy of linear unmixing models in addressing mixed pigment unmixing problems. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method for real murals, the improved model was applied to the hyperspectral data unmixing analysis of murals collected by the Yungang Academy, located in Shanxi Province, China. Experimental findings demonstrate that, compared to traditional methods, the improved unmixing approach more precisely represents the pigment distribution in the murals. This study offers new ideas and methods for the digital preservation and restoration of mural composite pigments. Hyperspectral imaging ; Logarithm ; Mural ; Reflectivity ; Process (computing) ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Transformation (genetics) ; Composite number Pigment Synthesis and Properties ; Color Science and Applications ; Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers
Authors: Shoji Tominaga | Shogo Nishi | Ryo Ohtera | Hideaki Sakai
Source: Journal of Imaging (article, 2025-01-21)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

A Method for Estimating Fluorescence Emission Spectra from the Image Data of Plant Grain and Leaves Without a Spectrometer This study proposes a method for estimating the spectral images of fluorescence spectral distributions emitted from plant grains and leaves without using a spectrometer. We construct two types of multiband imaging systems with six channels, using ordinary off-the-shelf cameras and a UV light. A mobile phone camera is used to detect the fluorescence emission in the blue wavelength region of rice grains. For plant leaves, a small monochrome camera is used with additional optical filters to detect chlorophyll fluorescence in the red-to-far-red wavelength region. A ridge regression approach is used to obtain a reliable estimate of the spectral distribution of the fluorescence emission at each pixel point from the acquired image data. The spectral distributions can be estimated by optimally selecting the ridge parameter without statistically analyzing the fluorescence spectra. An algorithm for optimal parameter selection is developed using a cross-validation technique. In experiments using real rice grains and green leaves, the estimated fluorescence emission spectral distributions by the proposed method are compared to the direct measurements obtained with a spectroradiometer and the estimates obtained using the minimum norm estimation method. The estimated images of fluorescence emissions are presented for rice grains and green leaves. The reliability of the proposed estimation method is demonstrated. Spectroradiometer ; Remote sensing ; Fluorescence ; Spectrometer ; Monochrome ; Wavelength ; Pixel ; Optics ; Computer science ; Environmental science ; Materials science ; Physics ; Geology ; Reflectivity Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Remote Sensing in Agriculture ; Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis