jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Sina Aghdasinia | Hossein Allahverdizadeh | Ehsan Afkari | Behrouz Ahmadpour | Mohammad Bemani
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2024-04-16)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Optimizing an electromagnetic wave absorber for bi-anisotropic metasurfaces based on toroidal modes The design and optimization of an electromagnetic wave absorber for far-field wireless power transmission (WPT) is the subject of this research study. The goal of the research is to effectively absorb energy from ambient RF electromagnetic waves without the usage of a ground plane by employing metasurfaces with chiral components.By integrating trioidal moments into the design theory, the objective is to create a metasurface that functions in two frequency bands and produces high-quality resonance. The study also explores the dual non-homogeneity property of structures, polarization tensor coefficients, and the electromagnetic response of non-homogeneous metasurfaces. Based on the relative orientation of induced fields and moments, it delves deeper into the two basic possibilities for dual non-homogeneous elements. The development of chiral metasurfaces and the notion of electromagnetic chirality and its implications for polarization properties are introduced. Physics ; Electromagnetic radiation ; Electromagnetic field ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Homogeneity (statistics) ; Metamaterial ; Anisotropy ; Ground plane ; Homogeneous ; Plane wave ; Computational physics ; Optics ; Computer science ; Antenna (radio) ; Telecommunications ; Quantum mechanics ; Chemistry Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Antenna Design and Analysis ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
Authors: Viktor Laurin Sedlmayr | Diana Széliová | Veerke De Kock | Yannick Gansemans | Filip Van Nieuwerburgh | Eveline Peeters | Julian Quehenberger | Jürgen Zanghellini | Oliver Spadiut
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology (article, 2024-10-04)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Impact of nutrient excess on physiology and metabolism of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius Overflow metabolism is a well-known phenomenon that describes the seemingly wasteful and incomplete substrate oxidation by aerobic cells, such as yeasts, bacteria, and mammalian cells, even when conditions allow for total combustion via respiration. This cellular response, triggered by an excess of C-source, has not yet been investigated in archaea. In this study, we conducted chemostat cultivations to compare the metabolic and physiological states of the thermoacidophilic archaeon <i>Sulfolobus acidocaldarius</i> under three conditions, each with gradually increasing nutrient stress. Our results show that <i>S. acidocaldarius</i> has different capacities for the uptake of the two C-sources, monosodium glutamate and glucose. A saturated tricarboxylic acid cycle at elevated nutrient concentrations affects the cell's ability to deplete its intermediates. This includes deploying additional cataplerotic pathways and the secretion of amino acids, notably valine, glycine, and alanine, while glucose is increasingly metabolized via glycogenesis. We did not observe the secretion of common fermentation products, like organic acids. Transcriptomic analysis indicated an upregulation of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, suggesting the intracellular conservation of energy. Adapting respiratory enzymes under nutrient stress indicated high metabolic flexibility and robust regulatory mechanisms in this archaeon. This study enhances our fundamental understanding of the metabolism of <i>S. acidocaldarius</i>. Sulfolobus acidocaldarius ; Biochemistry ; Biology ; Metabolism ; Citric acid cycle ; Chemostat ; Metabolic pathway ; Archaea ; Bacteria Enzyme Structure and Function ; Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology ; Protein Structure and Dynamics
Authors: Jemma M. Godbout | Nicolas Ladizinsky | S. Harris | Melissa L. Postler | Xiuxiu Sun | Tracie K. Matsumoto | Pei‐Shih Liang
Source: PLoS ONE (article, 2024-06-06)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Non-destructive identification of varieties of Hawaii-grown avocados using near-infrared spectroscopy: Feasibility studies using bench-top and handheld spectrometers Avocados are an important economic crop of Hawaii, contributing to approximately 3% of all avocados grown in the United States. To export Hawaii-grown avocados, growers must follow strict United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS) regulations. Currently, only the Sharwil variety can be exported relying on a systems approach, which allows fruit to be exported without quarantine treatment; treatments that can negatively impact the quality of avocados. However, for the systems approach to be applied, Hawaii avocado growers must positively identify the avocados variety as Sharwil with APHIS prior to export. Currently, variety identification relies on physical characteristics, which can be erroneous and subjective, and has been disputed by growers. Once the fruit is harvested, variety identification is difficult. While molecular markers can be used through DNA extraction from the skin, the process leaves the fruit unmarketable. This study evaluated the feasibility of using near-infrared spectroscopy to non-destructively discriminate between different Hawaii-grown avocado varieties, such as Sharwil, Beshore, and Yamagata, Nishikawa, and Greengold, and to positively identify Sharwil from the other varieties mentioned above. The classifiers built using a bench-top system achieved 95% total classification rates for both discriminating the varieties from one another and positively identifying Sharwil while the classifier built using a handheld spectrometer achieved 96% and 96.7% total classification rates for discriminating the varieties from one another and positively identifying Sharwil, respectively. Results from chemometric methods and chemical analysis suggested that water and lipid were key contributors to the performance of classifiers. The positive results demonstrate the feasibility of NIR spectroscopy for discriminating different avocado varieties as well as authenticating Sharwil. To develop robust and stable models for the growers, distributors, and regulators in Hawaii, more varieties and additional seasons should continue to be added. Aphis ; Quarantine ; Horticulture ; Environmental science ; Biotechnology ; Biology ; Ecology Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Horticultural and Viticultural Research ; Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: J. Uribe | Edison Santillan | Óscar Camacho | Carlos Ocampo‐Martínez | Omar Aguirre
Source: IFAC-PapersOnLine (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Sliding Mode Control Approach for H2 Purity Regulation in High-Pressure Alkaline Electrolyzers This paper presents the design of a Sliding Mode Control (SMC) for H 2 purity regulation in high pressure alkaline electrolyzers. The control scheme is based on mixing the concepts of sliding-mode control with a PID sliding surface and Bristol matrix design. A 25-state dynamic model of the high-pressure alkaline electrolyzer is considered from the literature. The results show that the proposed control scheme design is simple, and the results obtained motivate more studies to be used in more realistic applications. Mode (computer interface) ; Control (management) ; Computer science ; Control theory (sociology) ; Chemistry ; Artificial intelligence ; Operating system Advancements in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ; Chemical Looping and Thermochemical Processes ; Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems
Authors: Amandine Arnal | Léa Volmerange | Jean Brustel | Céline Verdier | Sylvain Gerbaud | Marielle Pagès | Cécile Levasseur‐Garcia
Source: Sustainability (article, 2024-11-23)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Rapid, Non-Destructive Prediction of Ripeness of Pink Lady Apples by Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Methods to Monitor Firmness, Sugar Content, Juiciness and Acidity Apples are one of the most widely consumed fruits in the world and are available year- round. In France, Pink Lady production has increased despite stable global production in recent years. To meet consumer expectations in terms of quality, apples must be at optimum ripeness. Traditional destructive methods are currently used to measure physicochemical parameters. To avoid such destructive measurements, it has been shown in the literature that near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy can predict fructose and glucose content in apple juice, as well as firmness, titratable acidity and sugar content in Fuji. The present study demonstrates the relevance of the MicroNIR spectrometer to address agricultural sustainability concerns. This compact device is easy to use in the field and allows non-destructive monitoring of the physicochemical characteristics of Pink Lady. The device acquires NIR spectra from different areas of apples, followed by standard analyses to assess these characteristics. Results indicate no impact on measurements across different quarters of the apple, though there is a slight impact between the median zone and the poles. Firmness is predictable with a 77 N threshold (using partial least square regression), and juiciness prediction is reliable, though a larger database could improve the model. Predictions for sugar content and acidity still need improvement, which would confirm the MicroNIR device’s potential for assessing Pink Lady apple ripeness in the field. Ripeness ; Titratable acid ; Sugar ; Chemistry ; Food science ; Horticulture ; JAMS ; Ripening ; Mathematics ; Biology Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Horticultural and Viticultural Research ; Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
Authors: Wei Wang | Yurun Xie | Long Huang | Tiangang Yang | Shu Liu | Chunlei Xiao | Donghui Zhang | Xueming Yang
Source: Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics (article, 2024-11-04)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Effects of rotational excitation on vibrationally excited reaction of F+H2 (<i>v</i>=1, <i>j</i>=1)→HF+H at collision energy of 0.62 kcal/mol The F+H2 reaction has long been a benchmark system in reaction dynamics. We report here a combined experimental and theoretical study on the F+H2(v=1, j=1) reaction at a collision energy of 0.62 kcal/mol. The rotational state-resolved differential cross sections (DCSs) as well as the integral cross sections (ICSs) were obtained by the crossed beam experiment and the quantum dynamical calculation. It is found that the rotationally excited state F+H2(v=1, j=1) reaction produces rotationally hotter but vibrationally colder products, compared with the rotational ground state reaction at the same total energy. The stereodynamics of the F+H2(v=1, j=1) reaction is also analyzed theoretically, showing that minor differences exist for the reactants initially prepared in different spatial alignments. Excited state ; Excitation ; Atomic physics ; Chemistry ; Collision ; Rotational energy ; Physical chemistry ; Physics Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Atmospheric Ozone and Climate ; Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
Authors: Yiping Zhao | Andrei Galiautdinov | Jingzhi Tie
Source: Nanomaterials (article, 2024-01-26)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

The N-Oscillator Born–Kuhn Model: An In-Depth Analysis of Chiro-Optical Properties in Complex Chiral Systems A comprehensive theory is developed for the chiral optical response of two configurations of the N-oscillator Born-Kuhn model (NOBK): the helically stacked and the corner stacked models. In the helical NOBK model, there is always a chiral response regardless of the value of <i>N</i>, whereas in the corner NOBK, only configurations with even <i>N</i> demonstrate a chiral response. Generally, the magnitudes of optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) and circular dichroism (CD) increase with <i>N</i> when the parameters of each oscillator are fixed. In cases of weak coupling, the spectral shapes of ORD and CD remain invariant, while strong coupling significantly alters the spectral shapes. For large damping, the spectral amplitude becomes smaller, and the spectral features become broader. In the presence of small damping, strong coupling introduces degeneracy in the coupled oscillator system, leading to multiple spectral features in both ORD and CD across the entire spectral region. This simple model can not only help in the design of tunable chiral metamaterials but also enhance our understanding of chiro-optical responses in structures with different configurations. Circular dichroism ; Physics ; Coupling (piping) ; Metamaterial ; Invariant (physics) ; Amplitude ; Degeneracy (biology) ; Quantum mechanics ; Molecular physics ; Materials science ; Crystallography ; Chemistry Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Liquid Crystal Research Advancements ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research
Authors: Joy Deb | Dibyojyoti Bhattacharjee
Source: Advances in Artificial Intelligence Research (article, 2024-08-30)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Comparison of Performance of Some Classification Methods to Evaluate the Quality of Vegetables from its Morphology One important aspect of Data Science is its ability to classify subjects into non-overlapping groups based on one or several input variables. Several methods and algorithms are available in the literature for classifying subjects based on the values of multiple observed variables. Such classification tools are Naive Bayesian Classifiers, Logistic Regression, Discriminant Analysis, k-nearest neighbourhood etc. This paper attempts to recognise if the morphological variables, identified either through literature review or from expert opinion, can be utilised to understand the quality of vegetables. Consequently, the current researchers obtained primary data about the morphology of the vegetables through experimentation. The outcome variable is the quality of the vegetables classified as eatable or not-eatable because of worm attack. Several classification methods are then compared for the classification exercise by building the model based on the training sample and testing the performance of the models in the holdout sample. Methods of classification performance statistics like sensitivity, specificity, precision etc. are used for their comparison. The study finds that Naive Bayes and Logistic Regression models perform better for this classification exercise. For example, only eggplant (brinjal) is considered for the study. Linear discriminant analysis ; Naive Bayes classifier ; Logistic regression ; Artificial intelligence ; Statistics ; Machine learning ; Computer science ; Sample (material) ; Sample size determination ; Bayes' theorem ; Bayesian probability ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Mathematics ; Data mining ; Support vector machine Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Smart Agriculture and AI ; Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques
Authors: Zhihua Li | Junnan Chen | Bin Xu | Wei Zhao | Haoran Zha | Yalin Han | Wennan Shen | Yuemei Dong | Nan Zhao | Manze Zhang | Kun He | Zhaoxia Li | Xiaoqing Liu
Source: Clinical Proteomics (article, 2024-05-19)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Correlation between small-cell lung cancer serum protein/peptides determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and chemotherapy efficacy These peptides/proteins may be used as potential biological markers for prediction of the curative efficacy and prognosis for SCLC patients treated with standard regimen chemotherapy. Mass spectrometry ; Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization ; Proteomics ; Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization ; Lung cancer ; Medicine ; Time-of-flight mass spectrometry ; Chemistry ; Chemotherapy ; Desorption ; Ionization ; Cancer research ; Oncology ; Chromatography ; Internal medicine ; Protein mass spectrometry ; Tandem mass spectrometry ; Biochemistry ; Ion Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Lung Cancer Research Studies
Authors: Kazuki Maeda | Daniel Fuster
Source: Journal of Fluid Mechanics (article, 2024-04-22)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Regressing bubble cluster dynamics as a disordered many-body system The coherent dynamics of bubble clusters are of fundamental and industrial importance, and are elusive due to the complex interactions of disordered bubble oscillations. Here we introduce and demonstrate a method for decomposition of the Lagrangian time series of bubble dynamics data by combining theory and principal component analysis. The decomposition extracts coherent features of bubble oscillations based on their energy, in a way similar to proper orthogonal decomposition of Eulerian flow field data. This method is applied to a dataset of spherical clusters under harmonic excitation at different amplitudes, with various nuclei density and polydispersity parameters. Results indicate that the underlying correlated mode of oscillations is isolated in a single dominant feature in cavitating regimes, independent of the nuclei's parameters. A systematic data analysis procedure further suggests that this feature is globally controlled by the dynamic cloud interaction parameter of Maeda and Colonius ( J. Fluid Mech. , vol. 862, 2019, pp. 1105–1134) that quantifies the mean-field interactions, regardless of initial polydispersity or nonlinearity. The method provides a simplified and comprehensive representation of complex bubble dynamics as well as a new path to reduced-order modelling of cavitation and nucleation. Bubble ; Physics ; Cluster (spacecraft) ; Statistical physics ; Field (mathematics) ; Nucleation ; Classical mechanics ; Harmonic ; Mechanics ; Flow (mathematics) ; Computer science ; Mathematics ; Thermodynamics ; Quantum mechanics Ultrasound and Cavitation Phenomena ; Cavitation Phenomena in Pumps ; Nuclear Physics and Applications
Authors: Moe Haines | Jørgen Thorup | Simone Gohsman | Claudia Ctortecka | Chelsea J. Newton | Dan Rohrer | Galen Hostetter | D.R. Mani | Michael A. Gillette | Shankha Satpathy | Steven A. Carr
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2024-11-18)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

High-throughput proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) patient tissues are a valuable resource for proteomic studies with the potential to associate the derived molecular insights with clinical annotations and outcomes. Here we present an optimized, partially automated workflow for FFPE proteomics combining pathology-guided macro-dissection, Adaptive Focused Acoustics (AFA) sonication for lysis and decrosslinking, S-Trap digestion to peptides, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis using Orbitrap, Astral or timsTOF HT instrumentation. The workflow enables analysis of up to 96 dissected FFPE tissue samples or 10 μm scrolls, identifying 8,000-10,000 unique proteins per sample with median CVs <20%. Key optimizations include improved tissue lysis strategies, protein quantification for normalization, and peptide cleanup prior to LC-MS/MS analysis. Application to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) FFPE blocks confirms the platform's effectiveness in processing complex, clinically relevant samples, achieving deep proteome coverage and quantitative robustness comparable to TMT-based methods. Using the newly released Orbitrap Astral with short, 24-minute gradients, the workflow identifies up to ~10,000 unique proteins and ~11,000 localized phosphosites in LUAD FFPE tissue. This high-throughput, scalable workflow advances biomarker discovery and proteomic research in archival tissue samples. Proteomics ; Workflow ; Orbitrap ; Proteome ; Computational biology ; Biomarker discovery ; Chemistry ; Computer science ; Bioinformatics ; Biology ; Mass spectrometry ; Chromatography ; Database ; Biochemistry ; Gene Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
Authors: Brian C. Searle
Source: Current Opinion in Structural Biology (review, 2024-10-31)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Characterizing protein-protein interactions with thermal proteome profiling Proteome ; Computational biology ; Profiling (computer programming) ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Bioinformatics ; Computer science Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Biotin and Related Studies ; Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
Authors: Ronghua Mu | Xiaoyan Qin | Wei Zheng | Peng Yang | Bingqin Huang | Xin Li | Fuzhen Liu | Kan Deng | Xiqi Zhu
Source: Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery (article, 2024-03-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Hippocampal amide proton transfer values are associated with cerebral small vessel disease imaging markers and total burden: a community-based cross-sectional study Hippocampal APT values were associated with CSVD imaging markers and total burden. Hippocampal APT values may serve as a biomarker for the early detection of neurodegeneration in CSVD patients. Hippocampal formation ; Neurodegeneration ; Neuroimaging ; Medicine ; Pathology ; Disease ; Neuroscience ; Internal medicine ; Biology Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes ; Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications ; Migraine and Headache Studies
Authors: Jorge Simón | Emmanuel Hernandez-Gonzalez | Juvenal Villanueva-Maldonado | Gustavo Vera‐Reveles | Pablo A. Alcaraz‐Valencia | Víctor H. Castillo | Leonel Soriano-Equigua | F. M. Maciel-Barboza | Jorge Flores‐Troncoso | José Ricardo Gómez Rodríguez | Marco Cardenas‐Juarez | José L. Álvarez-Flores
Source: International Journal of Antennas and Propagation (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Evaluation of the Microwave Absorption Properties of Solid Dehydrated and Powdered Agricultural Waste at <i>X</i>‐Band Frequencies In this article, a comparison of the absorption properties of 7 common agricultural waste materials from the state of Colima in Mexico is performed. The study carried out at X ‐band frequencies finds that the highest absorption levels were mainly from 8 to 10.5 GHz. The experiment, based on a WR‐90 waveguide with samples inserted in holders in the middle of it, shows that papaya peel and lemon peel had the highest absorption levels in the aforementioned frequency range. This study is relevant because of the vast amount of agricultural waste generated in such state of Mexico, that can be used as absorbers in the microwave regime, and not managed as garbage. In this work, the feasibility of using these eco‐friendly and nontoxic materials as microwave absorbers instead of typical commercial synthetic materials is evaluated. Microwave ; Absorption (acoustics) ; Materials science ; X band ; Waste management ; Process engineering ; Optoelectronics ; Engineering ; Telecommunications ; Composite material Electromagnetic wave absorption materials ; Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Applications ; Food Drying and Modeling