jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Bo Fang | Dantian Feng | Peng Chen | Lijiang Shi | Jinhui Cai | Jianmin Li | Chenxia Li | Zhi Hong | Xufeng Jing
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2022-03-04)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Broadband Cross-Circular Polarization Carpet Cloaking based on a Phase Change Material Metasurface in the Mid-infrared Region In view of the fact that most invisibility devices focus on linear polarization cloaking and that the characteristics of mid infrared cloaking are rarely studied, we propose a cross circularly polarized invisibility carpet cloaking device in the mid infrared band. Based on the Pancharatnam Berry phase principle, the unit cells with the cross circular polarization gradient phase were carefully designed and constructed into a metasurface. In order to achieve tunable cross circular polarization carpet cloaks, a phase change material is introduced into the design of the unit structure. When the phase change material is in amorphous and crystalline states, the proposed metasurface unit cells can achieve high efficiency cross polarization conversion and reflection intensity can be tuned. According to the phase compensation principle of carpet cloaking, we construct a metasurface cloaking device with a phase gradient using the designed unit structure. From the near and far field distributions, the cross circular polarization cloaking property is confirmed in the broadband wavelength range. The proposed cloaking device can effectively resist detection of cross-circular polarization. Cloaking ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Optics ; Broadband ; Metamaterial ; Circular polarization ; Invisibility ; Materials science ; Physics ; Optoelectronics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Antenna Design and Optimization
Authors: Carlos R. Zamarreño | A. Gracia-Moises | Ignacio Vitoria | J. J. Imas | L. Castano | A. Avedillo | Ignacio R. Matı́as
Source: 2022 IEEE Sensors (article, 2022-10-30)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Alfalfa quality detection by means of VIS-NIR optical fiber reflection spectroscopy A first approach study for the classification of alfalfa (medicago sativa) quality has been performed by means of VIS-NIR optical fiber reflection spectroscopy. Reflection spectral data has been obtained from alfalfa samples comprising six different qualities. Obtained data has been classified and organized to feed supervised self-learning algorithms. Neural networks have been used in order to differentiate the quality level of the samples. Obtained results permit to validate the proposed approach with 72% of the samples properly classified. In addition, proposed solution was implemented in a low cost automated detection prototype suitable to be used by non-qualified operators. Obtained equipment consist of a first step towards its utilization in quality monitoring and classification of many other products in the agri-food field. Reflection (computer programming) ; Quality (philosophy) ; Optical fiber ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Artificial neural network ; Fiber ; Spectroscopy ; Field (mathematics) ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Materials science ; Mathematics ; Telecommunications ; Physics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Authors: Hye-Yeon Song | So‐Ra Yoon | Yun-Mi Dang | Ji-Su Yang | In Min Hwang | Ji‐Hyoung Ha
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2022-05-31)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Nondestructive classification of soft rot disease in napa cabbage using hyperspectral imaging analysis Abstract Identification of soft rot disease in napa cabbage, an essential ingredient of kimchi, is challenging at the industrial scale. Therefore, nondestructive imaging techniques are necessary. Here, we investigated the potential of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) processing in the near-infrared region (900–1,700 nm) for classifying napa cabbage quality using nondestructive measurements. We determined the microbiological and physicochemical qualitative properties of napa cabbage for intercomparison of HSI information, extracted HSI characteristics from hyperspectral images to predict and classify freshness, and established a novel approach for classifying healthy and rotten napa cabbage. Golay’s derivative method for data preprocessing was implemented, followed by wavelength selection using variable importance in projection scores. For multivariate data of the classification models, partial least square discriminant analysis, support vector machine (SVM), and random forests were used for predicting cabbage conditions. The SVM model accurately distinguished the cabbage exhibiting soft rot disease symptoms from the healthy cabbage. This study presents the potential of HSI systems for separating soft rot disease-infected napa cabbages from healthy napa cabbages using the SVM model, especially under the most effective wavelengths (970, 980, 1,180, 1,070, 1,120, and 978 nm), prior to processing. These results are applicable to industrial multispectral images. NAPA ; Hyperspectral imaging ; Support vector machine ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Artificial intelligence ; Linear discriminant analysis ; Partial least squares regression ; Remote sensing ; Mathematics ; Computer science ; Biology ; Statistics ; Geography Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research ; Smart Agriculture and AI
Authors: Eszter Kassa | Sara Jamshidi | Filip Mihalič | Leandro Simonetti | Johanna Kliche | Per Jemth | Sara Bergström Lind | Ylva Ivarsson
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2022-10-19)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Evaluation of affinity-purification coupled to mass spectrometry approaches for capture of short linear motif-based interactions Abstract Low affinity and transient protein-protein interactions, such as short linear motif (SLiM)-based interactions, require dedicated experimental tools for discovery and validation. Here, we evaluated and compared biotinylated peptide pulldown and protein interaction screen on peptide matrix (PRISMA) coupled to mass-spectrometry (MS) using a set of peptides containing interaction motifs. Eight different peptide sequences that engage in interactions with three distinct protein domains (KEAP1 Kelch, MDM2 SWIB, and TSG101 UEV) with a wide range of affinities were tested. We found that peptide pulldown can be an effective approach for SLiM validation, however, parameters such as protein abundance and competitive interactions can prevent the capture of known interactors. The use of tandem peptide repeats improved the capture and preservation of some interactions. When testing PRISMA, it failed to provide comparable results for a model peptide that successfully pulled down a known interactor using biotinylated peptide pulldown. Overall, in our hands, we find that albeit more laborious, biotin-peptide pulldown was more successful in terms of validation of known interactions. Our results highlight that the tested affinity-capture MS-based methods for validation of SLiM-based interactions from cell lysates are suboptimal, and we identified parameters for consideration for method development. Peptide ; Biotinylation ; Computational biology ; Interactor ; Chemistry ; Proteogenomics ; Tandem mass spectrometry ; Protein–protein interaction ; Mass spectrometry ; Biology ; Chromatography ; Biochemistry ; Cell biology ; Genomics Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways ; Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Authors: Hans‐Jörg Wittsack | Karl Ludger Radke | Julia Stabinska | Alexandra Ljimani | Anja Müller‐Lutz
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2022-11-04)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

calf – software for CEST analysis with Lorentzian fitting Abstract Analysis of chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI data requires sophisticated methods to obtain reliable results about metabolites in the tissue under study. CEST generates z-spectra with multiple components, each originating from individual molecular groups. The individual lines with Lorentzian line shape are mostly overlapping and disturbed by various effects. We present an elaborate method based on an adaptive nonlinear least squares algorithm that provides robust quantification of z-spectra and incorporates prior knowledge in the fitting process. To disseminate CEST to the research community, we developed software as part of this study that runs on the Microsoft Windows operating system and will be made freely available to the community. Special attention has been paid to establish a low entrance threshold and high usability, so that even less experienced users can successfully analyze CEST data. Computer science ; Usability ; Software ; Line (geometry) ; Process (computing) ; Data mining ; Dissemination ; Least-squares function approximation ; Algorithm ; Human–computer interaction ; Mathematics ; Statistics ; Operating system Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes ; Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications ; MRI in cancer diagnosis
Authors: Lachezar Filchev | Desislava Ganeva
Source:  (article, 2022-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

COMBINED USE OF HYPERSPECTRAL DATA FROM SPACE SENSORS WITH ANCILLARY DATA TO MONITOR THE CROPS STATUS FOR FOOD SECURITY ADDRESSING UN SDS Hyperspectral imaging ; Food security ; Computer science ; Remote sensing ; Artificial intelligence ; Geography ; Agriculture Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Food Supply Chain Traceability ; Smart Agriculture and AI
Authors: Fedash Anatoly Vladimirovich | Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy | Trinh Quoc Vinh | Sergey Yakutseny
Source: Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (article, 2022-11-30)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Analyzing Composition of PTE Accumulation and Processed Products by Organic Matter <strong>Abstract:</strong> The objective of study aims to figure out Analysis of composition of PTE accumulation, oil and processed products by organic matter. Therefore with qualitative model and analytical methods, then also used historical materialism method, This study finds out that: When dying, the living matter accumulates in the depths and, passing through certain stages of metamorphism, basically retains in itself those initially accumulated PTEs that were present in it, creating part of the balance of PTEs in hydrocarbons due to their primary genetic enrichment with these components. Composition (language) ; Organic matter ; Chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Art ; Literature Pigment Synthesis and Properties ; Collagen: Extraction and Characterization
Authors: Juan Carlos Valverde | Dagoberto Arias‐Aguilar | Geovanni Figueroa | Erick Mata | Nelson Zamora
Source: Ingeniería (article, 2022-04-25)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Validación de un protocolo fotográfico digital para análisis macroscópico de la anatomía y colorimetría en madera de especies arbóreas de Costa Rica Contexto: El proceso de digitalización de muestras de madera para su identificación y estudio ha tomado relevancia en la última década, por lo que es necesario considerar los aspectos fotográficos que generen representatividad de las imágenes con respecto a la muestra física. Método: Se utilizaron diez especies maderables con no menos de 10 árboles muestreados, de cada individuo se extrajeron cinco cubos de madera de 10 mm de arista y se fotografiaron con un estereoscopio con un aumento de 20X bajo cuatro protocolos de luminosidad. En el proceso se evaluó la variación del color (bajo las coordenadas L*, a* y b*), diferencial de color (ΔE*) y chroma (ΔC*), además de la densidad y diámetro de vasos. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que la luminosidad del 50% fue la que mostró la mayor similitud con la colorimetría de la madera, obteniendo valores de ΔE* inferiores a 6 en todas las especies y valores de ΔC* dentro del rango óptimo de 5 a 7. Con respecto a la parte anatómica, se dio el mismo comportamiento con las diez especies, encontrando que los tratamientos de luminosidad al 25 y 50% no mostraron diferencias significativas, mientras las luminosidades al 75 y 100% tendieron a subestimar los valores. Conclusiones: El tratamiento luminosidad al 25% es poco efectivo por el oscurecimiento de la superficie, mientras que las exposiciones al 75 y 100% tendieron a aclarar la superficie y subestimación de características anatómicas. Humanities ; Art ; Physics Wood and Agarwood Research ; Forest ecology and management ; Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications
Authors: Jacob Antici
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2022-12-16)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

A Non-Negative Matrix Factorization Approach to Computing “Fingerprints” in Spectra of Nuclear Materials Principal component analysis ; Factorization ; Non-negative matrix factorization ; Plutonium ; Matrix decomposition ; Matrix (chemical analysis) ; Computer science ; Nitric acid ; Algorithm ; Chemistry ; Artificial intelligence ; Physics ; Eigenvalues and eigenvectors ; Nuclear chemistry Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping ; Fault Detection and Control Systems
Authors: ChangHoon Hahn | K. J. Kwon | Rita Tojeiro | M. Siudek | Rebecca E. A. Canning | Mar Mezcua | Jeremy L. Tinker | D. Brooks | P. Doel | Kevin Fanning | E. Gaztañaga | R. Kehoe | Martin Landriau | Aaron Meisner | John Moustakas | Claire Poppett | G. Tarlé | Benjamin J. Weiner | Hu Zou
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2022-02-03)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

The DESI PRObabilistic Value-Added Bright Galaxy Survey (PROVABGS) Mock Challenge The PRObabilistic Value-Added Bright Galaxy Survey (PROVABGS) catalog will provide measurements of galaxy properties, such as stellar mass ($M_*$), star formation rate (${\rm SFR}$), stellar metallicity ($Z_{\rm MW}$), and stellar age ($t_{\rm age, MW}$), for &gt;10 million galaxies of the DESI Bright Galaxy Survey. Full posterior distributions of the galaxy properties will be inferred using state-of-the-art Bayesian spectral energy distribution (SED) modeling of DESI spectroscopy and Legacy Surveys photometry. In this work, we present the SED model, Bayesian inference framework, and methodology of PROVABGS. Furthermore, we apply the PROVABGS SED modeling on realistic synthetic DESI spectra and photometry, constructed using the L-GALAXIES semi-analytic model. We compare the inferred galaxy properties to the true galaxy properties of the simulation using a hierarchical Bayesian framework to quantify accuracy and precision. Overall, we accurately infer the true $M_*$, ${\rm SFR}$, $Z_{\rm MW}$, and $t_{\rm age, MW}$ of the simulated galaxies. However, the priors on galaxy properties induced by the SED model have a significant impact on the posteriors. They impose a ${\rm SFR}{&gt;}10^{-1} M_\odot/{\rm yr}$ lower bound on ${\rm SFR}$, a ${\sim}0.3$ dex bias on $\log Z_{\rm MW}$ for galaxies with low spectral signal-to-noise, and $t_{\rm age, MW} &lt; 8\,{\rm Gyr}$ upper bound on stellar age. This work also demonstrates that a joint analysis of spectra and photometry significantly improves the constraints on galaxy properties over photometry alone and is necessary to mitigate the impact of the priors. With the methodology presented and validated in this work, PROVABGS will maximize information extracted from DESI observations and provide a probabilistic value-added galaxy catalog that will extend current galaxy studies to new regimes and unlock cutting-edge probabilistic analyses. Physics ; Galaxy ; Astrophysics ; Photometry (optics) ; Metallicity ; Stellar mass ; Star formation ; Galaxy formation and evolution ; Stars Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Advanced Statistical Methods and Models ; Data Visualization and Analytics
Authors: Mirko Curti | Connor Hayden-Pawson | R. Maiolino | Francesco Belfiore | F. Mannucci | Alice Concas | G. Cresci | A. Marconi | Michele Cirasuolo
Source: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (preprint, 2022-02-26)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

What drives the scatter of local star-forming galaxies in the BPT diagrams? A Machine Learning based analysis ABSTRACT We investigate which physical properties are most predictive of the position of local star forming galaxies on the BPT diagrams, by means of different Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. Exploiting the large statistics from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), we define a framework in which the deviation of star-forming galaxies from their median sequence can be described in terms of the relative variations in a variety of observational parameters. We train artificial neural networks (ANN) and random forest (RF) trees to predict whether galaxies are offset above or below the sequence (via classification), and to estimate the exact magnitude of the offset itself (via regression). We find, with high significance, that parameters primarily associated to variations in the nitrogen-over-oxygen abundance ratio (N/O) are the most predictive for the [N ii]-BPT diagram, whereas properties related to star formation (like variations in SFR or EW(H α)) perform better in the [S ii]-BPT diagram. We interpret the former as a reflection of the N/O–O/H relationship for local galaxies, while the latter as primarily tracing the variation in the effective size of the S+ emitting region, which directly impacts the [S ii] emission lines. This analysis paves the way to assess to what extent the physics shaping local BPT diagrams is also responsible for the offsets seen in high redshift galaxies or, instead, whether a different framework or even different mechanisms need to be invoked. Galaxy ; Astrophysics ; Physics ; Sky ; Redshift ; Diagram ; Offset (computer science) ; Star (game theory) ; Statistics ; Mathematics ; Computer science Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Impact of Light on Environment and Health ; Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Authors: Guangyuan Weng | Junfeng Ding | Jingting Cao | Hui Yang
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2022-12-13)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Magnetic mechanical properties of pipeline steel and stress detection of oil and gas pipelines based on magnetic stress coupling Abstract Complexity of service environment and particularity of the transportation medium make it difficult to develop a nondestructive stress testing on oil and gas pipelines in real time and online. In this case, a stress detection method of oil and gas pipelines is proposed in this work based on the magnetic mechanical properties of pipeline steel materials and the magnetic induction intensity stress coupling relationship. Six commonly used pipeline steels (X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, and X80) are selected as the research objects to test the hysteresis curves. The key parameters of local magnetization of oil and gas pipelines are determined based on their magnetic properties. A finite element simulation model is established for oil and gas pipelines with magnetic field and stress field coupling. The magnetic field distribution and magnetic induction intensity along the length of the pipeline and the height of cross section are studied after local magnetization of the simulation model of oil and gas pipelines unpressurized. The mechanism of magnetic induction intensity and stress variation of the simulation model of oil and gas pipelines with different internal pressures are discussed. The coupling relationship of axial stress, circumferential stress, and magnetic induction intensity are separately established. The systems for stress-strain test and magnetic induction intensity test are integrated to test the X80 pipeline steel. Analysis results on test data and finite element simulation data verify the validity of magnetic coupling simulation of oil and gas pipelines and the reliability of stress detection, which provides a theoretical basis for the key technologies of nondestructive online stress detection of oil and gas pipelines. Pipeline transport ; Magnetic field ; Coupling (piping) ; Electromagnetic induction ; Stress (linguistics) ; Finite element method ; Structural engineering ; Materials science ; Intensity (physics) ; Pipeline (software) ; Engineering ; Mechanics ; Mechanical engineering ; Composite material ; Electrical engineering ; Physics Magnetic Properties and Applications ; Non-Destructive Testing Techniques ; Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals
Authors: Ng, Wen Dong | Yeoh, Eng Thiam
Source: Journal of Logistics Informatics and Service Science (article, 2022-10-12)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Multi-Factor Verification of International Passports This paper describes the design and development of a passport verification Web service.This service allows users to check and confirm their passports by submitting a snapshot of the passport's principal data page.The techniques used for developing the verification Web service included Python, Flask, OpenCV, and Tesseract OCR methods.The difficulty of generating a high accuracy verification result owing to numerous environmental elements, such as the quality of the uploaded images, the angle of the uploaded images, content tampering is the research focus of this project.We propose a multi-factor verification to increase the accuracy of verification thus reducing the probability of a fraudulent passport.The multi-factor verification is to combine the landmark detection, security feature detection, and fraud detection.In landmark detection, the algorithm will detect various landmarks on the passport document.Some of the landmarks containing text could be further processed to obtain additional information for verification.For security feature detection, the algorithm will detect security elements on the passport document which varies for different countries.For fraud detection, the algorithm will perform blurriness detection and validity detection to verify the information detected for the authenticity of the passport document.A set of passport images for Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia is used to test the algorithms.The results showed that the combined multi-factor verification slightly improved the verification compared to the separate algorithms. Factor (programming language) ; Computer science ; Programming language History and advancements in chemistry ; Railway Systems and Materials Science ; Global Trade and Competitiveness