Authors: Patricia Iweka
Source: Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers (Hokkaido University) (article, 2019-09-25)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Development of near-infrared spectroscopic sensing system for online real-time monitoring of milk quality during milking Milk and dairy products have played a major role to the human diet in many different countries across the globe since the beginning of time.The dairy cow was domesticated over 6,000 years ago.Therefore, it is not a surprise that over many years, significant attention has been paid to improving milk quality.Studies have been carried out to improve the yield, the compositional quality and hygienic quality, and have attempted to reduce the level of adulterants which can gain access to it.The chain of people involved in the milk industry extends from milk production-farmers, veterinarians and farm advisors-through transport to processing-quality controllers, manufacturers-and on to retailers, legislators, nutritionists, dairy educators and consumers.All will be interested in milk quality indicators which are frequently measured for commercial purposes, business, legal conditions and for nutritional reasons.However, Dairy farming is very demanding, most especially for extensive dairy farmers since they manage their livestock in groups.This is because it requires lots of tasks such as feeding, milking, livestock management feed crop production and manure treatment.Fat, protein and lactose are the three major milk constituents and are essential indicators for milk quality.Individual cow management system is also important so as to enable dairy farmers to monitor the milk quality and physiological situation of each cow.This type of cow management is needed to upgrade the production of high-quality milk.Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a nondestructive system for collecting qualitative information on foods and agricultural products.NIRS has already been used for the evaluation of the physiochemical properties of rice and wheat and has also been used to determine milk quality.But, it has been hard to use NIRS for real-time on-line monitoring of milk quality of each cow during milking.Therefore, the general objectives of this study were (1) to develop a near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic sensing system for online real-time monitoring of milk quality during milking, (2) to examine the factors limiting the excellent performance of calibration models and to propose possible solutions to achieving high precision and accuracy of the calibration models for each milk quality constituents, (3) to determine milk progesterone concentration using NIR spectroscopic sensing system, and (4) to examine the measurement accuracy of the NIR sensing system installed into an automatic milking system.I also focused on investigating the effect of cow individuality, milking season and calving time on the accuracy of calibration models developed for each milk quality indicator using the NIR sensing system.The explained variance for the determination of milk quality versus number of PLS factors, scores and loading weights for the first three PLS factors were examined.Individual cow milking trend for each milk quality indicator was analyzed. Milking ; Quality (philosophy) ; Computer science ; Environmental science ; Remote sensing ; Process engineering ; Food science ; Chemistry ; Engineering ; Animal science ; Biology ; Geography ; Physics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses