jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Sheng Ren | Jiaqing Guo | Shiqi Wang | Junle Qu | Liwei Liu | Rui Hu
Source: Frontiers of Physics (article, 2025-10-31)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

High-harmonic generation in a metasurface The nonlinear optical effects arising from the interaction between ultrafast lasers and metasurfaces have become a significant focus of photonics research. Among these effects, high-order harmonic generation is regarded as an effective pathway toward realizing extreme ultraviolet light sources and attosecond pulse generation. High-harmonic generation (HHG) based on metasurfaces also offers new strategies for the design of integrated light sources. During this process, the driving conditions for metasurfaces are distinct from those for gas media and bulk materials. Clarifying the physical mechanisms governing the interaction of light with media during HHG, as well as the relationship between these mechanisms and structural parameters, is essential; this understanding also holds great application potential in the research and development of new materials and microscopic dynamics characterization. Here, we review recent advancements in HHG from metasurfaces, focusing on the effects of different resonance modes, structural symmetries, and molecular arrangements in the medium on harmonic yield, polarization control, and the precise manipulation of spatiotemporal distribution. Finally, we discuss improvement strategies for metasurfaces with the aim of more effectively mitigating damping in nonlinear processes, and explore future applications of metasurface-based HHG in frontier fields. Attosecond ; Ultrashort pulse ; High harmonic generation ; Photonics ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Laser ; Nonlinear optics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research
Authors: A. Jaiswal | Chandani Nigam | Prabha Manjari | Ishpreet Kaur | Manisha Masih Singh Mamta | Tamalika Chakraborty | Prem Shankar Gupta
Source: International Journal of Environmental Sciences (article, 2025-08-20)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Formulation and Optimization of Liposomal and Niosomal Systems for Enhanced Drug Delivery in Diabetes Disease Diabetes mellitus represents a global health crisis affecting over 422 million people worldwide, with approximately 75 million requiring daily insulin injections. Current subcutaneous insulin delivery methods suffer from poor patient compliance, injection-site reactions, and risk of hypoglycemic episodes. Vesicular drug delivery systems, particularly liposomes and niosomes, have emerged as promising alternatives for enhanced diabetes management. This comprehensive review examines the formulation strategies, optimization parameters, and comparative efficacy of liposomal and niosomal systems for diabetic drug delivery. Recent advances in nanotechnology have enabled the development of pH-responsive, glucose-sensitive formulations that offer sustained release profiles and improved bioavailability. Comparative studies demonstrate that while both systems show significant therapeutic potential, niosomes exhibit superior stability against enzymatic degradation, with advantages in terms of chemical stability and cost-effectiveness. The optimization of phospholipid-to-cholesterol ratios (typically 5:1 to 9:1) and drug-to-lipid ratios (1:5 to 1:10) significantly influences encapsulation efficiency and release kinetics. Current clinical developments, including oral insulin formulations reaching human trials in 2025, highlight the translational potential of these technologies. This review provides crucial insights for researchers and clinicians working toward next-generation diabetes therapies. Liposome ; Drug delivery ; Drug ; Diabetes mellitus ; Medicine ; Pharmacology ; Disease ; Internal medicine ; Nanotechnology ; Materials science ; Endocrinology Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Electrochemical sensors and biosensors ; Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
Authors: Zamzam Al-Riyami | Mai Al‐Dairi | Pankaj B. Pathare | Somsak Kramchote
Source: AgriEngineering (article, 2025-09-24)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Using a Computer Vision System for Monitoring the Exterior Characteristics of Damaged Apples Mechanical damage like bruises produced during postharvest handling can lower market value, affect nutritional value, and pose food safety risks. The study evaluated bruises on apples using image processing. This research focuses on using computer vision for apple fruit damage detection. The fruits were subjected to three levels of impact using three ball weights (66, 98, and 110 g) dropped from 50 cm height and stored at 22 °C. The overall impact energies generated were 0.323 J (low), 0.480 J (medium), and 0.539 J (high). The bruise area and susceptibility of the damage, surface area of the fruit, and color were measured manually (colorimeter) and by image processing. The study found that the bruise area was significantly affected by impact force, where 110 g (0.539 J) damaged apples showed a bruise area of 4.24 cm2 after 21 days of storage at 22 °C. The images showed a significant change in the RGB values (Red, Green, Blue) over 21 days of storage when impacted at 0.539 J. The study showed that the greater the impact energy effect, the higher the weight loss under constant conditions of storage. After 21 days of storage, the 110 g mechanically damaged apples recorded the highest percentage of weight loss (6.362%). The study found a significant decrease in the surface area of 110 g bruised apples, with a smaller decrease in surface area for 66 g bruised fruit. The use of computer vision to detect bruise damage and other quality attributes of Granny Smith apples can be highly recommended to detect their losses. Bruise ; Postharvest ; RGB color model ; Impact energy ; Significant difference ; Skin color Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement ; Smart Agriculture and AI
Authors: Ingo Widmann | Klaus Wurst | Stefan Schwarzmüller | Hubert Huppertz
Source: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B (article, 2025-04-29)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

High-pressure synthesis and crystal structure of Ga<sub>5</sub>Na<sub>1–<i>x</i> </sub>B<sub>12</sub>O<sub>26–<i>x</i> </sub>(OH)<sub> <i>x</i> </sub> (<i>x</i> = 0.12) Abstract Tetragonal Ga 5 Na 1– x B 12 O 26– x (OH) x ( x = 0.12) was synthesized in a Walker-type multianvil apparatus under high-pressure/high-temperature conditions of 12.4 GPa/1,280 °C. The compound crystallizes in the space group I 4 1 / acd (no. 142) with lattice parameters of a = 11.0884(6) and c = 21.730(2) Å. The crystal structure has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and revealed an occupation with Na + of about 88 % of the cuboctahedral cavity formed by condensed [BO 4 ] tetrahedra in the related homeotypic structure of Ga 5 B 12 O 25 (OH). The structure refinement is additionally supported by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) investigations. Tetragonal crystal system ; Crystal structure ; Crystallography ; Lattice energy ; X-ray crystallography ; Space group ; Diffraction ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Spectroscopy ; Materials science ; High pressure ; Crystal (programming language) ; Lattice (music) ; Chemistry ; Physics ; Optics Crystal Structures and Properties ; Layered Double Hydroxides Synthesis and Applications ; X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Authors: Mengli Zhang | Yuan Wan | Dingxi Li
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2025-08-20)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Predicted Peptide Scaffolds for Drug Screening in Endometrial Cancer Organoids Organoid ; Endometrial cancer ; Drug ; Cancer drugs ; Peptide ; Self-assembling peptide ; Cancer ; Cancer research ; Oncology ; Internal medicine ; Medicine ; Biology ; Pharmacology ; Cell biology ; Biochemistry Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials ; RNA Interference and Gene Delivery ; Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Authors: Oleksij V. Fomin | Oleksij V. Burlutskyi | Maryna V. Khara | Oleksiy М. Melnyk | Marina V. Prochorchuk | Volodymyr М. Muraviov
Source: Collection of Scientific Publications NUS (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

OPTIMISATION OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF SHOT BLASTING BEFORE THE RESTORATION OF LOAD-BEARING STRUCTURES OF FREIGHT CARS The article presents the main approaches to modelling the optimisation parameters of the shot blasting process, which is one of the abrasive jet mechanical methods of surface treatment for removing various contaminants and providing optimal roughness in terms of 'depression depth' (imprint).The purpose of the scientific and applied research is to develop and improve methods for restoring the spine beam of a railway car by shot blasting before applying special coatings based on polymer matrices (smart composites).This includes modelling the process to optimise the treatment parameters.Method.Computer modelling methods allow for a quick assessment of the effectiveness of various strengthening schemes.The development of technological recommendations based on modelling is an important stage in the implementation of innovations.Results were obtained in this article: the corrosive effect on the metal of the spine beam that was not subjected to shot blasting is higher than on the metal that underwent shot blasting.The shot blasting process for cleaning the spine beam 3 2025 I of a semi-wagon is 11 times faster than mechanical processing due to the simultaneous processing of a large area and the constant flow of abrasive.Scientific novelty lies in the dependencies obtained between roughness and penetration depth after shot blasting from various factors affecting the treatment process as a whole, as well as the regression equations describing these curves.Practical importance.By selecting the optimal values for the technological modes of shot blasting, we obtain a rational result in terms of the 'depth of the depression' indicator, which guarantees maximum adhesion strength of the applied coating to the worn surfaces of the carriage parts.The optimal modes for abrasive jet treatment and quantitative surface properties are obtained, such as: 1.For polymer coatings (e.g.epoxy); 2. Additional treatment with finer shot (0.1-0.2 mm) for 20 seconds to reduce Rz to 2-5 m. Shot (pellet) ; Rock blasting ; Process (computing) ; One shot ; Single shot Material Properties and Failure Mechanisms ; Diverse Industrial Engineering Technologies ; Engineering Structural Analysis Methods
Authors: Ignacy Cukrowski | Stéfan Zaaiman | Shahnawaz Hussain
Source: Preprints.org (preprint, 2025-01-27)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

The Common Concept of Anticooperativity Among Molecules is Fundamentally Flawed. Conclusion Arrived at from the Novel and Unified Molecular-Wide and Electron Density (MOWeD)-Based All-Body Concept of Chemical Bonding A non-linear (non-additive) increase in stability of hexamers follows an increase in the total number of (i) aad (a double proton acceptor) plus add (a double proton donor) waters commonly linked with anticooperativity and (ii) the total number of intermolecularly delocalized electrons (intermolNdeloc) in the 3D space occupied by a hexamer. Subsequently, we obtained nearly a perfect linear correlation between increase in the cluster stability and intermolNdeloc. Individual water molecules that act as either aad or add: (i) delocalize the largest number of electrons throughout a cluster; (ii) are involved in the strongest attractive, hence energy-stabilizing intermolecular interaction with the remaining five waters; (iii) have the most significant quantum component of the intermolecular interaction energy and (iv) relative to six non-interacting water molecules, stabilize a hexamer the most, as quantified by a purposely derived mol-FAMSEC energy term. Clearly, the all-body approach used in the unified, molecular-wide and electron density (MOWeD)-based concept of chemical bonding contradicts the commonly accepted view that aad and add water molecules are involved in anticooperativity in 3D water hexamers. Consequently, we propose here a general definition of cooperativity that should be applicable to any n-membered molecular clusters, namely: the quantifiable, physics- and quantum-based cooperativity phenomenon is synonymous with the intermolecular all-body delocalization of electrons leading to the increase in stability of individual molecules on an n-membered cluster formation. Electron ; Molecule ; Chemical physics ; Chemical bond ; Nanotechnology ; Chemistry ; Computational chemistry ; Materials science ; Physics ; Organic chemistry ; Quantum mechanics Organic Chemistry Cycloaddition Reactions ; Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures ; Various Chemistry Research Topics
Authors: Kulthida Nugultham | Suparb Tamuang | Ketsarin Seebunrueng | Purim Jarujamrus | Saksri Supasorn
Source: Chemistry Teacher International (article, 2025-11-25)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Smartphone-assisted colorimetric determination of chemical equilibrium constant (K <sub>c</sub> ) as an alternative method in high school chemistry Abstract This study aims to develop an alternative method for the determination of the chemical equilibrium constant (K c ) of thiocyanatoiron(III) complex ion, based on colorimetric analysis of smartphone-captured images. The various pictures of the complex ion captured by smartphones were processed using ImageJ software to determine the K c using a standard plot between blue color intensity and −log[[Fe(SCN)] 2+ ]. The dependent samples t -test analysis at the 95 % confidence level ( p &lt; 0.05) indicated that the K c obtained from colorimetric methods from smartphones and the standard UV–Vis spectroscopic method were not statistically different. This experiment was implemented as three 2-h inquiry learning activities on the chemical equilibrium topic for one classroom of 40 grade-11 students in Thailand. Their K c values were in the range of 200–250, which is consistent with our preparation result. It was found that the students obtained post-conceptual test scores (mean 8.75, S.D. 0.90) statistically higher than pre-conceptual test scores (mean 3.50, S.D. 0.78) at the 95 % significance level. These students commented that this experiment was easy to perform, and they enjoyed using their smartphones in studying chemistry. Equilibrium constant ; Constant (computer programming) ; Range (aeronautics) ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Plot (graphics) ; Chemical equilibrium ; General chemistry ; Statistical analysis Various Chemistry Research Topics ; Biosensors and Analytical Detection ; Science Education and Pedagogy
Authors: Juri Rappsilber | James E. Bruce | Colin Combe | Stephen D. Fried | Albert J. R. Heck | Claudio Iacobucci | Alexander Leitner | Karl Mechtler | Petr Novák | Francis J. O’Reilly | David C. Schriemer | Andrea Sinz | Florian Stengel | Andrea Graziadei | Konstantinos Thalassinos
Source: ArXiv.org (preprint, 2025-04-09)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

A Roadmap for Improving Data Reliability and Sharing in Crosslinking Mass Spectrometry Crosslinking Mass Spectrometry (MS) can uncover protein-protein interactions and provide structural information on proteins in their native cellular environments. Despite its promise, the field remains hampered by inconsistent data formats, variable approaches to error control, and insufficient interoperability with global data repositories. Recent advances, especially in false discovery rate (FDR) models and pipeline benchmarking, show that Crosslinking MS data can reach a reliability that matches the demand of integrative structural biology. To drive meaningful progress, however, the community must agree on error estimation, open data formats, and streamlined repository submissions. This perspective highlights these challenges, clarifies remaining barriers, and frames practical next steps. Successful field harmonisation will enhance the acceptance of Crosslinking MS in the broader biological community and is critical for the dependability of the data, no matter where it is produced. Reliability (semiconductor) ; Pipeline (software) ; Interoperability ; Dependability ; Field (mathematics) ; Variable (mathematics) ; Perspective (graphical) Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Authors: Dalal Ghanim Yahia | Ayad A.H. Faisal
Source: Journal of Ecological Engineering (article, 2025-03-16)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Silver-iron beads of for removal of amoxicillin antibiotic from water using simulated permeable reactive barrier-column study The innovative aspect of this study is synthesis of a novel sorbent (Ag/Fe -nanoparticles -sodium alginate beads) that can be employed for treating simulated groundwater polluted with amoxicillin (AMX) antibiotic in permeable reactive barrier (PRB) -continuous configuration.The beads are prepared using solid residues, especially the peels of pomegranate and leaves of sesban tree, to satisfy the sustainability concepts.The sorbent was prepared through manufacturing of nanoparticles from silver and iron layered double hydroxides and; then, immobilization the nanoparticles with sodium alginate.The particles have been manufactured through mixing silver -iron ions obtained with peels of pomegranate and leaves of sesban tree respectively via precipitation method.The suitable conditions for bead preparation to obtain maximum removal efficiency of AMX are molar ratio (Ag/Fe) = 0.5, solution pH = 9, and silver to iron nanoparticles dosage = 7 g per 100 mL of sodium alginate.The characterization tests of beads prove that nanoparticles can support antibiotic sorption.Results certified that PRB can restrict the migration of AMX and its longevity is correlated directly with the thickness of beads; in addition, it is inversely correlated with inlet concentration and water flowrate.The measurements of continuous tests for removing of AMX have fitted with "Bohart-Adams", "Yan", "Belter-Cussler-Hu" and "Clark" models.Such models have been plotted the "breakthrough curves" for contaminant transport along the packed beads.Belter-Cussler-Hu is more suitable model in the description of the outcomes obtained from continuous tests. Permeable reactive barrier ; Amoxicillin ; Chemistry ; Chromatography ; Environmental chemistry ; Microbiology ; Antibiotics ; Environmental remediation ; Contamination ; Biology Nanomaterials for catalytic reactions
Authors: Yasushi Kawashima
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2025-05-29)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Proton-mediated Cooper pair formation and high-temperature superconductivity at the graphite-n-alkane interface Alkane ; Superconductivity ; Graphite ; Cooper pair ; Interface (matter) ; Proton ; Condensed matter physics ; Physics ; Materials science ; Chemistry ; Nuclear physics ; Thermodynamics ; Hydrocarbon ; Composite material ; Organic chemistry ; Surface tension Graphene research and applications ; Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
Authors: Zhijie Luo | Rui Chen | Shaoxin Li | Jianjun Guo
Source: Mathematics (article, 2025-12-10)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

An Adaptive State-Space Convolutional Fusion Network for High-Precision Pest Detection in Smart Agarwood Cultivation The sustainable cultivation of agarwood, a high-value tree species, is significantly threatened by foliar pests, requiring efficient and accurate monitoring solutions. While deep learning is widely used, mainstream models face inherent limitations: Convolutional Neural Networks have restricted receptive fields and Transformers incur high computational complexity, complicating the balance of accuracy and efficiency for tiny pest detection in complex environments. To address these challenges, a novel Adaptive State-space Convolutional Fusion Network (ASCNet) is proposed. Its core component, the Adaptive State-space Convolutional Fusion Block (ASBlock), integrates the global context modeling of state-space models—which have linear complexity—with the local feature extraction of convolutional networks through a dual-path adaptive fusion mechanism. A Grouped Spatial Shuffle Downsampling (GSD) module replaces standard strided convolutions to preserve fine-grained spatial details during downsampling. For small object detection, a Normalized Wasserstein Distance (NWD)-based loss function mitigates the sensitivity of traditional IoU to minor localization errors. Evaluations on a new agarwood pest dataset show that ASCNet outperforms state-of-the-art detectors (including the YOLO series, RT-DETR, and Gold-YOLO), achieving a maximum mAP@50 of 93.0 ± 0.2% and mAP@50:95 of 71.2 ± 0.3% with high computational efficiency. The results confirm ASCNet as a robust and effective solution for intelligent pest monitoring in high-value crops like agarwood. Convolutional neural network ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Context (archaeology) ; Sensitivity (control systems) ; Object detection ; Block (permutation group theory) ; Sensor fusion ; Feature extraction ; Convolution (computer science) Wood and Agarwood Research ; Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications ; Forest Insect Ecology and Management
Authors: Zhu Meng | Bingxian Cai | Yang‐Tian Yan | Keqing Zheng
Source: Processes (article, 2025-11-20)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Thermal Cycling Stability of NiO/YSZ Anode-Supported SOFC Button Cells: An Experimental Study Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology is an electrochemical power generation apparatus that enables the direct conversion of chemical fuel energy into electrical energy. To address the issue of thermal cycling stability, which is critical for commercialization, a thermal cycling stability test was performed on a NiO/YSZ anode-supported SOFC button cell. This study investigates the influence of key thermal cycling parameters (heating/cooling rate and number of thermal cycles) on the cell’s electrochemical performance and microstructure evolution. The main findings are as follows: thermal cycling adversely affects the electrochemical performance of the SOFC, with the degree of degradation directly correlated to both the number of cycles and the heating/cooling rate. After 20 thermal cycles at a rate of 5 °C/min, the peak power density decreased by 20.57%. Furthermore, thermal cycling leads to an increase in both ohmic and activation polarization, with the performance degradation predominantly governed by the rise in ohmic polarization. It was demonstrated that the number of thermal cycles has a more significant impact on ohmic losses than the heating/cooling rate. This work offers valuable insight into the degradation mechanisms induced by thermal cycling in SOFC button cells. Temperature cycling ; Ohmic contact ; Thermal ; Cycling ; Degradation (telecommunications) ; Power cycling ; Thermal stability ; Solid oxide fuel cell Advancements in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ; Fuel Cells and Related Materials ; Thermal Expansion and Ionic Conductivity
Authors: N. Swaminathan | Venkata Naga Goutham Davuluri
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2025-10-25)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

A Novel Multi-target Drug with Nanoparticle Precision for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer In silico ; Drug ; Doxorubicin ; Breast cancer ; Lactate dehydrogenase A ; Gemcitabine ; Cytotoxicity ; Pharmacokinetics ; Paclitaxel Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; RNA Interference and Gene Delivery ; Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics