jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Ke Xu | Yifan Chen | Jiayi Nie
Source: Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology (article, 2023-04-07)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Subclass classification of ancient glassware based on K-Means and GMM This paper focuses on the composition analysis and type identification of ancient glass objects. This paper establishes a judgment model based on the surface characteristics of cultural relics samples, and analyzes the classification laws of high-potassium glass and lead-barium glass; then, the samples of the same category are classified into subclasses according to K-Means method, Gaussian mixture method (GMM) and Mini-Batch K-Means method, and according to each evaluation method, the K-Means method is chosen comprehensively to establish The K-Means method was used to establish a clustering model for glass samples, and the results of subclass classification under each category were obtained. Based on the composition and surface characteristics of the samples, descriptive statistics, scatter plots, S-W test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the correlations of chemical compositions among samples of different categories; then, based on the subclass classification made in Problem 2, the differences of the correlations among samples of different categories of artifacts were analyzed using the methods of correlation analysis and difference analysis based on different ranges of data sets. Mathematics ; Subclass ; Mixture model ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient ; Statistics ; Identification (biology) ; Gaussian ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer science ; Chemistry ; Botany Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Image and Signal Denoising Methods ; Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
Authors: Onurcan NESRİN | Fatih Kahrıman
Source: ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi (article, 2023-12-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Prediction of Ear Weight, Kernel Weight and Viability in Maize Using Image Analysis In maize breeding studies, it is becoming common to determine the ear and kernel characteristics by image analysis. While current methods focus on measurements that can be obtained directly by image analysis, it has not been adequately addressed whether different parameters such as weight and viability can be estimated using these measurements. This study aimed to determine whether it is possible to estimate the ear weight (g), kernel weight (g), single kernel weight (g) and viability (1/0) status of maize with the help of features (area, perimeter, width, length) extracted from images of the ear and kernel samples. In this study, 233 ear and 1242 grain samples belonging to 13 maize genotypes were used as material. Digital images of the ear samples were taken with a 5 MP camera and from the kernel samples with a desktop scanner. The ear weight reference data (DV1) and the kernel weight reference data (DV2) were obtained by weighing each sample on a precision balance. Single kernel reference data (DV3) was obtained with the measurements of single kernel weights. Kernel samples underwent paper germination test and reference data (DV4) related to viability was created. Regression models were developed by using the features obtained from image analysis (area, perimeter, width, height) for each reference data set as the predictor variable. As a result of the study, it was seen that the ear weight and kernel weight can be estimated with the help of the parameters extracted from the image analysis. While moderate success was achieved in the determination of single seed weight, it was difficult to determine the viability status based on the morphometric measurements of a single kernel in maize. Kernel (algebra) ; Mathematics ; Digital image analysis ; Statistics ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer vision ; Computer science Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Crop Yield and Soil Fertility ; Genetics and Plant Breeding
Authors: A. Hrytsanchuk | V.V. Hrytsanchuk | Halyna Riabko | Oleksandra Semysiuk | Andrii Stanetskyi
Source: Prospecting and Development of Oil and Gas Fields (article, 2023-07-18)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Integrated approaches to corrosion risk management in industrial pipelines Corrosive processes in technical systems are crucial for their longevity and reliability. The stability of engineering structures and the efficiency of technical systems depend on successful corrosion management. In this regard, manufacturers and researchers are actively working on the development of mathematical models for the prediction and control of corrosion processes. Mathematical models have become a key tool for accurately predicting corrosion activity and assessing associated risks. This opens up opportunities for the rational use of resources and preventing accidents, which can significantly enhance the durability of technical constructions. The primary goal of scientific research is to develop effective models that consider the key factors influencing corrosion. Incorporating these factors into mathematical models enables a comprehensive approach to the problem that adapts to various conditions and characteristics of technical systems. The emphasis on mathematical models is determined by their ability to provide accurate forecasts of corrosion activity and to control and prevent negative consequences for technical systems. Research focuses on identifying key factors, developing high-precision models, and considering various conditions and features of technical systems. The overall objective is to create effective tools for predicting corrosion activity and preventing negative impacts on technical systems. This not only contributes to the development of advanced technologies in industry and engineering but also improves safety standards and the longevity of technical constructions. Among the important aspects related to corrosion processes in technical systems, it is crucial to consider their ecological consequences. Corrosive damage can lead to the release of harmful substances into the environment, resulting in soil and water pollution. Specifically, the corrosion of metal structures can contribute to the release of toxic metals, negatively impacting biodiversity and ecosystems. The application of mathematical models for predicting and controlling corrosion activity not only contributes to resource conservation and increased durability of technical systems but also plays a crucial role in reducing environmental impact. Minimizing corrosion processes helps maintain ecological stability and makes a significant contribution to preserving natural resources and biodiversity Corrosion ; Pipeline transport ; Integrity management ; Risk management ; Risk analysis (engineering) ; Petroleum engineering ; Engineering ; Environmental science ; Construction engineering ; Business ; Metallurgy ; Materials science ; Environmental engineering Material Properties and Failure Mechanisms ; Engineering Diagnostics and Reliability ; Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis
Authors: V.C. Nwabueze | Titilade Ajayi
Source: International Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering (article, 2023-02-04)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

"The Chemical Engineer’s Perspective on the Role of the Central Nervous System (CNS) in Blood Pressure Control " A comprehensive block diagram of the Blood Pressure Control (BPC) System of the body based on Control Engineering principles was designed through extensive research on the role of the CNS in BP control. The BPC system developed is the first to incorporate in one process system the three mechanisms of blood pressure regulation in the body. During the course of this research it was found that the CNS plays the role of a controller and achieves this by regulating the actions of the heart, blood volume and blood vessel diameter through the cardiac and vasomotor centers in the medulla oblongata of the brain. This regulation is carried out through Nervous stimulation via Parasympathetic and Sympathetic nerves of the cardiovascular system, and Hormonal stimulation via the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) and Adrenal gland. The Chemical Engineer's perspective in this role is based on principles of Control Engineering, Mathematical Modelling and Simulation. The Block diagram of the BPC System obtained shows that Process Control Engineering can indeed be applied in the study of the role the CNS plays in regulating the Blood Pressure (BP) system as well as other biological and physiological systems. The expertise of the Chemical Engineer is therefore very relevant in the biomedical field. The BPC system obtained in this study can be further developed through research and experimentation to obtain the system's mathematical model, subsequently simulate and create the software of the system for experimental variation of the parameters involved and possibly come up with novel solutions to BP related issues. Perspective (graphical) ; Central nervous system ; Control (management) ; Neuroscience ; Cognitive science ; Medicine ; Psychology ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence History and advancements in chemistry
Authors: Vivek Shrivastava | Sanjeev Verma
Source: Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (article, 2023-07-04)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

The Assessment Aims to Determine the Impact of Changing the Initial Properties on the Variation in Characteristics of Concrete <em>Nowadays, it has been found that characteristic of set hard concrete is highly affected by the initial properties of newly made concrete. Hereafter, it has been identified by the results of researches going worldwide that properties at the time of preparing concrete affects the performance of set concrete as physical and chemical properties of newly made concrete or mortar control the characteristics of hardened concrete. Strength mainly Compressive Strength is the most significant criteria indicating the long term condition and performance of the infrastructural concrete. Therefore, determination of the in-situ strength and workability of prepared concrete is important for planning maintenance and repair of structures in the future.</em> <em> In this work affect of properties of newly made concrete such cement/aggregate ratio, water/cement ratio, workability and density of fresh concrete on the compressive strength of hard concrete is researched. </em> Variation (astronomy) ; Environmental science ; Physics Structural mechanics and materials ; Concrete and Cement Materials Research
Authors: В. П. Горелов | Yubo Yang | Michele Ruggeri | David M. Ceperley | Carlo Pierleoni | Markus Holzmann
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-03-31)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Neutral band gap of carbon by quantum Monte Carlo methods We present a method of calculating the energy gap of a charge-neutral excitation using only ground-state calculations. We report Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of $Γ\rightarrowΓ$ and $Γ\rightarrow X$ particle-hole excitation energies in diamond carbon. We analyze the finite-size effect and find the same $1/L$ decay rate as that in a charged excitation, where $L$ is the linear extension of the supercell. This slow decay is attributed to the delocalized nature of the excitation in supercells too small to accommodate excitonic binding effects. At larger system sizes, the apparent $1/L$ decay crosses over to a $1/L^3$ behavior. Estimation of the scale of exciton binding can be used to correct finite-size effects of neutral gaps. Monte Carlo method ; Statistical physics ; Quantum Monte Carlo ; Carbon fibers ; Physics ; Computational physics ; Computer science ; Mathematics ; Algorithm ; Statistics Boron and Carbon Nanomaterials Research ; Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; Carbon Nanotubes in Composites
Authors: F. Bazouband | Mahdieh Hashemi | Elaheh Bazouband | R. A. Ganeev | Andra Naresh Kumar Reddy
Source: IEEE Access (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Robust Design of Autofocused Airy Beam-Based Multifocal Metalens With Tunable Intensities Optical metasurfaces with versatile focal properties have great importance and adaptability in photonic systems and potential applications. The unique capability of the ultra-compact device in forming and modulating light fields is triggered to configure multifocal setups. This study introduces a geometric metasurface consisting of dielectric cross-shaped metaatoms with a suitable phase profile operating in the visible regime that can transport the conjugate focal spot of the auto-focused Airy beam (AFAB) into real space by adding the proper convex lens profile and resulting in three foci whose positions and intensities can be adjusted without redesigning metaatoms architecture. The cross-shaped meta-atoms with complete control of the amplitude and phase of the incident light have considered diverse functionalities for the x-and y-components of the incident light, generating six focal spots with high adjustable intensities shown in free space. The proposed hybrid metalens has shown robustness against change in geometrical design while controlling multifocal setups, which can be useful in developing polarization-sensitive devices, photonics, medicine, micromachining and imaging applications to realize beneficial results. Optics ; Photonics ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Robustness (evolution) ; Materials science ; Focal length ; Lens (geology) ; Optoelectronics ; Computer science ; Physics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
Authors: Biniyam Girma | B.S. GOSHU | Epaphros Mengistu | Miss. Riddhi B. Bodke
Source: Romanian Journal of Biophysics (article, 2023-12-12)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

INSPECTION OF TOMATOES USING IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES This work aims to inspect tomato features and classify them based on color and morphological features into the three predefined regions using artificial neural networks (ANN). Different learning methods were analyzed for the task of inspecting tomatoes using image processing software in MATLAB. Tomatoes were collected from the eastern parts of Ethiopia. The neural classification was done by the shape and size feature alone. The ANN classifier on the selected color feature alone showed that from the total test examples of 180 images, 168 (93.3) were correctly classified and 12 (6.7 %) were misclassified. The ANN classifier on all features taken together showed that all the test images were correctly classified. This result is similar to the morphology (shape and size) features result, but if the number of data points is high, the result may vary significantly. The overall result revealed that shape and size features have more discriminating power than color features, and the discrimination power increases when individual features are trained together with shape and size features. This may be because the discriminating factor increases due to the increase in the number of included features. It was observed that the proposed method was successful as quantified by the cumulative error (CE) and percentage error (%E) of training, testing, and validation of color features: 6.35 %, 3.70 %, and 11.11 %, respectively, in evaluating the quality of tomatoes. Artificial intelligence ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Classifier (UML) ; Artificial neural network ; Computer science ; Image processing ; Feature extraction ; Image (mathematics) Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Smart Agriculture and AI ; Identification and Quantification in Food
Authors: E. CRISTIAN GUTIÉRREZ | Ahmad Sabra
Source:  (preprint, 2023-10-15)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

MAXWELL EQUATIONS IN DISTRIBUTIONAL SENSE AND APPLICATIONS This paper discusses the Maxwell system of electrodynamics in the context of distributions. It is used to establish boundary conditions for fields at the interface when the charge and current densities are concentrated measures on the interface. The paper derives the generalized Snell’s law from this analysis. Maxwell's equations ; Context (archaeology) ; Interface (matter) ; Physics ; Boundary (topology) ; Charge (physics) ; Boundary value problem ; Current (fluid) ; Classical mechanics ; Quantum electrodynamics ; Theoretical physics ; Mathematics ; Mathematical analysis ; Mechanics ; Quantum mechanics ; Thermodynamics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research
Authors: Julian Arnold | Frank Schäfer | Niels Lörch
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-11-15)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Fast Detection of Phase Transitions with Multi-Task Learning-by-Confusion Machine learning has been successfully used to study phase transitions. One of the most popular approaches to identifying critical points from data without prior knowledge of the underlying phases is the learning-by-confusion scheme. As input, it requires system samples drawn from a grid of the parameter whose change is associated with potential phase transitions. Up to now, the scheme required training a distinct binary classifier for each possible splitting of the grid into two sides, resulting in a computational cost that scales linearly with the number of grid points. In this work, we propose and showcase an alternative implementation that only requires the training of a single multi-class classifier. Ideally, such multi-task learning eliminates the scaling with respect to the number of grid points. In applications to the Ising model and an image dataset generated with Stable Diffusion, we find significant speedups that closely correspond to the ideal case, with only minor deviations. Grid ; Computer science ; Classifier (UML) ; Artificial intelligence ; Scaling ; Ising model ; Binary number ; Machine learning ; Confusion ; Binary classification ; Algorithm ; Ensemble learning ; Mathematics ; Statistical physics ; Physics ; Geometry ; Arithmetic Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Protein Structure and Dynamics ; Theoretical and Computational Physics
Authors: Jialun Zhou | Salem Said | Yannick Berthoumieu
Source: HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) (preprint, 2023-11-04)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Adaptive online estimation for mixtures of ECD: a geometric approach Mixtures of elliptically-contoured distributions are highly versatile at modeling real-world probability distributions. They have therefore played a valuable role in computer vision and image processing, radar and biomedical signal processing. Existing methods for the estimation of these mixtures may become impractical for relatively-large datasets, either due to lack of computational resources or to poor performance (slow convergence or inaccuracy). To overcome these issues, the present paper introduces a new estimation method, called the CIG method (component-wise information gradient). On the one hand, this is an online method, so it requires moderate computational resources. On the other hand, it uses an adaptive step-size selection rule which guarantees a fast rate of convergence. Based on a geometric approach to the underlying estimation problem, the CIG method derives its name from the introduction of a new information metric on the mixture parameter space, which is called the component-wise information metric, and serves as a substitute for the Fisher information metric. Estimation ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Mathematics ; Computer vision ; Economics Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Authors: Anup Kumar | Rajveer S. Yaduvanshi
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2023-08-17)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Design and analysis of 0.64 THz metamaterial absorber for sensing applications Abstract The proposed work is about the design and analysis of an RF absorber at 0.64 THz. The proposed absorber has 99.99% absorptance. The incident angle sensitivity of absorber is 0 0 to 60 0 . It has wide bandwidth and excellent quality factor. The absorber has been simulated by multi physics software to obtain absorptance, S 11 , impedance (Z 11 ), real and imaginary permittivity and permeability, current density (J), E-fields, quality factor, higher order modes and sensitivity. The structure of absorber consists of a plus shape surrounded by two gold (Au) metal rings. It is positioned on a layer of silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) and is stacked with silicon. The ground plane by another layer of gold metal. The absorber is excited with shorting pins to obtain dual mode resonance at 0.64 THz and 0.80 THz. The values of absorbance on these two frequencies are 99.99% and 99%. The mathematical formulations for impedance, phase velocity and group velocity have been derived. The equivalent circuit modeling for absorber has been developed. Metamaterial absorber ; Terahertz radiation ; Materials science ; Permittivity ; Optoelectronics ; Electrical impedance ; Optics ; Silicon ; Absorptance ; Phase velocity ; Ground plane ; Metamaterial ; Sensitivity (control systems) ; Physics ; Tunable metamaterials ; Reflectivity ; Electronic engineering Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Antenna Design and Analysis
Authors: Julia Romero Bhathal | Laurent Orgéas | Mehdi Bouzid | Lucie Bailly | Claude Verdier | Valérie Laurent
Source: HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) (preprint, 2023-10-25)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Quantitative analysis of the fibrous microstructure of 3D collagen gels International audience Microstructure ; Materials science ; Biomedical engineering ; Composite material ; Engineering Collagen: Extraction and Characterization ; Dental Implant Techniques and Outcomes ; Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
Authors: Dhifaf Natiq Hamdullah
Source: al-Maǧallaẗ al-ʻirāqiyyaẗ li-l-handasaẗ  al-madaniyyaẗ/Al-Maǧallaẗ al-ʻirāqiyyaẗ li-l-handasat al-madaniyyaẗ (article, 2023-12-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Production of Sustainable Concrete from Agro-Wastes ash There are various means of recycling agricultural wastes to maximize economic benefit from it. According to environmental statistics, agricultural wastes is one of the most dangerous types of wastes, especially in villages, because it is disposed of by burning. In this study, production of natural ash from agro wastes was carried out. Two types of agro waste ash were produced through burning and grinding process. waste date tree and waste reeds ash. The waste date ash (WDA) and waste reeds ash (WRA) were included in concrete by replacement of a specific portion of cement weight (5%, and 10%). Moreover, a blend of the two types of ashes were also considered. Furthermore, the natural ash was utilized in production of green concrete. Hardened density and compressive strengths at various ages (7, 28 and 56 days) were evaluated. The results in this research showed an excellent increase in compressive strength at ages (7,28 and 56) days. When measuring the compressive strength at the late age (56 days), DPA + WRA it was the best model used if it recorded the highest increase in it. Also, the use of WRA10% gave a good result, increasing its strength of the reference mixture and the rest of the mixtures also gave good and remarkable results in increasing the resistance, as the use of ash in these mixtures protects the environment from pollution and gives mixtures of higher resistance and can be used as a partial substitute for cement, except for DPA10%, so the usual mixture was better than it. Compressive strength ; Cement ; Environmental science ; Waste management ; Wood ash ; Environmental pollution ; Raw material ; Fly ash ; Pulp and paper industry ; Materials science ; Metallurgy ; Chemistry ; Composite material ; Environmental protection ; Engineering Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites