jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Murat Uzan | H. Ergin Esen | Seval Karahasan | Zekir Şenol | Emin Arca
Source: Transactions of the IMF (article, 2024-08-21)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Determination of antibacterial performance of boric acid ester in the paint industry Mikroorganizmalar, insan sağlığını olumsuz olarak etkileyen enfeksiyonlara neden olduğu için bakteri, mantar ve parazitlerin kontrolü önemli bir husus olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Günümüzde mikroorganizmaların çoğalmasının kontrolü sağlamak amacıyla antibakteriyel maddeler kullanılmakta olmasına rağmen yeterli gelmemektedir. Mikroorganizma çoğalmasını engellemenin en önemli parametresi tutunabileceği yeri ortadan kaldırmaktır. İşverenler, çalışanların sağlık ve güvenliğini korumak amacıyla biyolojik etkenlere karşı önlem almak zorundadır. Çalışma koşulları, biyolojik etkenlerin ortama yayılmasını engelleyici nitelikte olmalı veya ortamda mümkün olan en az düzeyde olmasını sağlamalıdır. Alınacak hijyen önlemleri biyolojik etkenlerin dışarıya taşınmasına izin vermemeli, sızması engellenmeli veya bu etkenlerin azaltılmasını sağlamaya uygun nitelikte olmalıdır. Bor, doğada bileşikler halinde bulunan ve çok çeşitli uygulamalarda kullanılan bir elementtir. Sağlık alanında da bor ve bor bileşenlerinin önemli bir yeri vardır, özellikle antibakteriyel özellikleri öne çıkmaktadır. Türkiye&apos;nin değerli yeraltı kaynaklarından biri olan bor madeninin yan ürünü borik asidin, kapsamlı in vitro ve in vivo araştırmalardan sonra alternatif bir antibakteriyel ajan olarak potansiyel taşıdığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Covid-19 pandemisi ile birlikte salgın hastalıklara karşı antimikrobiyal özellikte olan ürünlerin üretilmesi hız kazanmıştır. Borik asit organik bazlar ile reaksiyona sokularak borik asit esteri sentezlendi. Borik asit esteri çeşitli oranlarda iç cephe boyasının içine katıldı ve boyanın yapısını bozmadığı tespit edildi. Yapılan literatür araştırmasında borik asit kullanılarak antibakteriyel duvar boyası üretilmediği saptandı. Bu çalışmada, gram-negatif ve gram-pozitif özellikte iki çeşit bakteri türü kullanıldı. Sağlık sorunlarına neden olan ve çeşitli antimikrobiyal maddelere karşı zamanla direnç geliştiren Escherichia coli ve Staphylococcus aureus bakterileri üzerinde çalışma yapılmıştır. Şahit numuneye belirli oranlarda eklenen borik asit esterinin: yüzey enerjisi, pH, parlaklık, örtme gücü ve viskozite değerlerini hangi ölçüde etkilediği belirlendi. Çalışma, en düşük yüzey enerjisine sahip kuru filmin %0,075 aktif madde içeren numune olduğunu ortaya koydu. %0,075 aktif madde içeren numunenin escherichia coli bakterisi üzerinde en yüksek antibakteriyel etki seviyesi sergilerken staphylococcus aureus üzerinde en düşük antibakteriyel etkiyi gösterdi. Boric acid ; Chemistry ; Pulp and paper industry ; Business ; Organic chemistry ; Engineering Antimicrobial agents and applications ; Chemistry and Chemical Engineering ; Analytical chemistry methods development
Authors: Mihaela Nicolae | Ion Onuţu | Daniel Tita | Timur Chiș | Bogdan Doicin
Source: Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Chemia (article, 2024-09-30)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Contributions to assessment and remediation of acid tars la-goons Acid tars, a waste unique to the oil processing industry, pose a significant toxicity risk. These by-products originate from refining certain petroleum fractions, such as oil and paraffin, and are commonly found in the waste streams of crude oil processing. In Romania, particularly in the post-war period, acid tars were predominantly managed through storage. Although advancements in catalytic processes have considerably reduced the generation of acid tars in the Romanian refining industry, an efficient treatment method is still required to address the existing acid tars lagoons. The present research refers to a case study carried out on a laboratory scale for the physico-chemical stabilization/encapsulation of acid tars from a lagoon belonging to a refinery in Prahova-Romania county. The experimental program aimed at formulating and applying optimal stabilization recipes for acid tar from the selected lagoon was conducted to reduce the total hydrocarbon and toxic metal content, in compliance with Order No. 95 of 12.02.2005 from Romanian legislation. The leaching data showed that the recipes that stabilize and encapsulate acid tar provide a good immobilization capacity for the five heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, total Cr, Ni) and As, while their releases are dependent on the pH- and varies with the total hydrocarbon content of the treated tar. The laboratory study carried out and presented in this work, as well as the results obtained after performing the leaching test, allow the extrapolation and application of this stabilization - encapsulation procedure on a macro-in situ scale and the remediation of the lagoon where the acid tar was stored. Environmental remediation ; Environmental science ; Environmental chemistry ; Chemistry ; Contamination ; Biology Petroleum Processing and Analysis
Authors: M. Fitzgerald
Source: Journal of Computational Biology and Medicine (article, 2024-09-17)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Plasmid Copy Number Control with Gradient Boosting Plasmid copy number control is crucial for the successful expression of recombinant proteins in various biotechnological applications. However, the existing strategies for controlling plasmid copy number often face challenges related to stability and consistency. This paper addresses the current limitations by proposing a novel approach utilizing Gradient Boosting, a machine learning technique, to predict and regulate plasmid copy numbers effectively. By integrating experimental data with predictive modeling, our innovative method offers a more precise and adaptive control mechanism. The study emphasizes the importance of data-driven strategies in optimizing plasmid copy number control for enhanced protein production efficiency, fostering advancements in biotechnological research and applications. Boosting (machine learning) ; Plasmid ; Computer science ; Biology ; Computational biology ; Genetics ; Artificial intelligence ; Gene Electrostatics and Colloid Interactions ; Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies ; Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research
Authors: Rudi Heryanto | Dyah Iswantini | Eti Rohaeti | Mohamad Rafi | Novia Aprilia Rahma | Nurul Hafshah | Eni Mardiana
Source: Jurnal Kimia VALENSI (article, 2024-11-30)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Development of a Low-Cost Reflectance Visible Spectrophotometer with Chemometrics for Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. Quality Control A simple, portable visible reflectance spectrophotometer was developed for classifying the quality of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. The device was assembled using consumer electronic components: an LED as the light source, a DVD optical layer as the diffraction grating, and a webcam as the detector, with web-based software (Spectral Workbench) as the signal processor. The spectrophotometer's performance was evaluated using standard Sudan III samples and powdered C. xanthorrhiza samples from two quality classes (A and B). Spectral data were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression. PCA successfully grouped Sudan III samples by concentration and classified C. xanthorrhiza by curcuminoid content. A PLS regression model was developed for quantifying Sudan III, yielding R² values of 0.9909 for both calibration and cross-validation, with RMSEs of 0.3821% and 0.4152%, respectively. The results closely matched those from a commercial spectrophotometer. A PLS-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) classification model for C. xanthorrhiza was also developed, achieving sensitivity and specificity values of 1. Additionally, semi-quantitative parameters such as decision limit (26.15% B), detection capability (41.06% B), and unreliability range (26.15–41.06% B) were calculated. The classification model showed strong sensitivity, specificity, and detection capabilities within acceptable limits. These findings suggest that this low-cost reflectance spectrophotometer, combined with chemometric methods, holds promise as a practical tool for the quality control of raw herbal materials. Chemometrics ; Curcuma ; Reflectivity ; Quality (philosophy) ; Traditional medicine ; Chemistry ; Chromatography ; Medicine ; Optics ; Physics Synthesis and biological activity ; Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography ; Curcumin's Biomedical Applications
Authors: Alan Inglis | Andrew Parnell | Natarajan Subramani | Fiona M. Doohan
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (review, 2024-04-23)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Machine Learning Applied to the Detection of Mycotoxin in Food: A Review Mycotoxins, toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain fungi, pose significant threats to global food safety and public health. These compounds can contaminate a variety of crops, leading to economic losses and health risks to both humans and animals. Traditional lab analysis methods for mycotoxin detection can be time-consuming and may not always be suitable for large-scale screenings. However, in recent years, machine learning (ML) methods have gained popularity for use in the detection of mycotoxins and in the food safety industry in general, due to their accurate and timely predictions. We provide a systematic review on some of the recent ML applications for detecting/predicting the presence of mycotoxin on a variety of food ingredients, highlighting their advantages, challenges, and potential for future advancements. We address the need for reproducibility and transparency in ML research through open access to data and code. An observation from our findings is the frequent lack of detailed reporting on hyperparameters in many studies as well as a lack of open source code, which raises concerns about the reproducibility and optimisation of the ML models used. The findings reveal that while the majority of studies predominantly utilised neural networks for mycotoxin detection, there was a notable diversity in the types of neural network architectures employed, with convolutional neural networks being the most popular. Mycotoxin ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Food science ; Machine learning ; Biology Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
Authors: Laura Dietz
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-05-21)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A Workbench for Autograding Retrieve/Generate Systems This resource paper addresses the challenge of evaluating Information Retrieval (IR) systems in the era of autoregressive Large Language Models (LLMs). Traditional methods relying on passage-level judgments are no longer effective due to the diversity of responses generated by LLM-based systems. We provide a workbench to explore several alternative evaluation approaches to judge the relevance of a system's response that incorporate LLMs: 1. Asking an LLM whether the response is relevant; 2. Asking the LLM which set of nuggets (i.e., relevant key facts) is covered in the response; 3. Asking the LLM to answer a set of exam questions with the response. This workbench aims to facilitate the development of new, reusable test collections. Researchers can manually refine sets of nuggets and exam questions, observing their impact on system evaluation and leaderboard rankings. Resource available at https://github.com/TREMA-UNH/autograding-workbench Workbench ; Computer science ; Information retrieval ; Programming language ; Artificial intelligence ; Visualization Hydrogen Storage and Materials ; Extraction and Separation Processes
Authors: Jiagui Tao | Sicong Zhang | Jianzhuo Dai | Jinwei Zhu | Heng Zhao
Source: Sensors (article, 2024-06-21)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Distributed Vibration Monitoring System for 10 kV-400 kVA 3D Wound Core Transformer under Progressive Short-Circuit Impulses As large-scale, high-proportion, and efficient distribution transformers surge into the grids, anti-short circuit capability testing of transformer windings in efficient distribution seems necessary and prominent. To deeply explore the influence of progressively short-circuit shock impulses on the core winding deformation of efficient power transformers, a finite element theoretical model was built by referring to a three-phase three-winding 3D wound core transformer with a model of S20-MRL-400/10-NX2. The distributions of internal equivalent force and total deformation of the 3D wound core transformer along different paths under progressively short-circuit shock impulses varying from 60% to 120% were investigated. Results show that the equivalent stress and total deformation change rate reach their maximum as the short-circuit current increases from 60% to 80%, and the maximum and average variation rate for the equivalent stress reach 177.75% and 177.43%, while the maximum and average variation rate for the total deformation corresponds to 178.30% and 177.45%, respectively. Meanwhile, the maximum equivalent stress and maximum total deformation reach 29.81 MPa and 38.70 μm, respectively, as the applied short-circuit current increased to 120%. In light of the above observations, the optimization and deployment of wireless sensor nodes was suggested. Therefore, a distributed monitoring system was developed for acquiring the vibration status of the windings in a 3D wound core transformer, which is a beneficial supplement to the traditional short-circuit reactance detection methods for an efficient grid access spot-check of distribution transformers. Transformer ; Short circuit ; Electromagnetic coil ; Equivalent circuit ; Distribution transformer ; Engineering ; Reactance ; Electrical engineering ; Structural engineering ; Finite element method ; Voltage High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation ; Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors
Authors: Odubela O.O | Fakunle P.B | Ehiremen S.E. | Adejinmi S.O | Nuhu S.U | Nermin S. Ahmed | Dawodu A. J | Bamidele R.B | Akhtar M.T.
Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International (article, 2024-12-24)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Withdrawal Effects on Antioxidative and Histochemical Deficits in Acetaminophen Induced Neurotoxicity in Cerebellar Cortex of Adult Wistar Rats Introduction: Neurotoxicity refers to the harmful effects of chemical, biological, or physical agents on the nervous system. Acetaminophen, a common pain reliever whose abuse has been linked to neurotoxicity at high doses, causing oxidative stress and neuronal damage. Aim: The present study aimed to assess the withdrawal effects of Acetaminophen use on the Cerebellar cortex of adult wistar rats. Methodology: Thirty (30) Adult wistar rats weighing 200±50g were assigned into three groups (n=10) of Control (C), Treatment 1(T1) and Treatment 2 (T2). The control group C received distilled water, while Treatment groups T1 and T2 received 200mg/kg of acetaminophen for 4 weeks. However, treatment group T2 were allowed a 2-week acetaminophen withdrawal period. At the end of exposure, all animals were sacrificed via cervical dislocation and eventual removal of cerebellar specimens which were processed for some Neurohistochemical staining reactions as well as Biochemical Quantifications of LDH enzyme and Antioxidative stress markers (SOD &amp; CAT). Quantitative analyses of all data obtained including Body weight, brain weight and Cerebellum weight were analysed using GraphPad® (version 8) and plotted using ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test. Significance was set at p&lt;0.05* (95% confidence interval). Result: Results showed a significant increase in body weight (P=.05) and a decrease in cerebellum weight (P=.01) in both acetaminophen groups. SOD and CAT activity decreased significantly (P=.01) in the T1 groups while T2 groups shows a significant increase, LDH activities decreased significantly (P=.01) in both groups. The Neurohistochemical findings showed severe degeneration, loss of the Purkinje neurons and poorly differentiated DNA on the T1 group compared to control group C while the withdrawal group showed onset of regenerative changes in neurons improved differentiation in DNA stained. Conclusion: The study's findings suggest that long-term acetaminophen use can lead to neurotoxic effects on the cerebellum, but partial recovery is possible upon withdrawal. Neurotoxicity ; Cerebellar cortex ; Acetaminophen ; Medicine ; Cortex (anatomy) ; Neuroscience ; Pharmacology ; Cerebellum ; Internal medicine ; Psychology ; Toxicity thermodynamics and calorimetric analyses ; Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research ; Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Authors: Erik Jansson | Jonathan Krook | Klas Modin | Ozan Öktem
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-10-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Geometric shape matching for recovering protein conformations from single-particle Cryo-EM data We address recovery of the three-dimensional backbone structure of single polypeptide proteins from single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-SPA) data. Cryo-SPA produces noisy tomographic projections of electrostatic potentials of macromolecules. From these projections, we use methods from shape analysis to recover the three-dimensional backbone structure. Thus, we view the reconstruction problem as an indirect matching problem, where a point cloud representation of the protein backbone is deformed to match 2D tomography data. The deformations are obtained via the action of a matrix Lie group. By selecting a deformation energy, the optimality conditions are obtained, which lead to computational algorithms for optimal deformations. We showcase our approach on synthetic data, for which we recover the three-dimensional structure of the backbone. Matching (statistics) ; Particle (ecology) ; Cryo-electron microscopy ; Geometric shape ; Computer science ; Computer vision ; Artificial intelligence ; Geometry ; Mathematics ; Biophysics ; Biology ; Statistics Enzyme Structure and Function ; Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications ; Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
Authors: Xiaoyu Ji | Jan P. Allebach | Ali Shakouri | Fengqing Zhu
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-09-26)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Efficient Microscopic Image Instance Segmentation for Food Crystal Quality Control This paper is directed towards the food crystal quality control area for manufacturing, focusing on efficiently predicting food crystal counts and size distributions. Previously, manufacturers used the manual counting method on microscopic images of food liquid products, which requires substantial human effort and suffers from inconsistency issues. Food crystal segmentation is a challenging problem due to the diverse shapes of crystals and their surrounding hard mimics. To address this challenge, we propose an efficient instance segmentation method based on object detection. Experimental results show that the predicted crystal counting accuracy of our method is comparable with existing segmentation methods, while being five times faster. Based on our experiments, we also define objective criteria for separating hard mimics and food crystals, which could benefit manual annotation tasks on similar dataset. Segmentation ; Artificial intelligence ; Quality (philosophy) ; Control (management) ; Computer vision ; Crystal (programming language) ; Computer science ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Materials science ; Physics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Identification and Quantification in Food
Authors: Joyce Estephan
Source: theses.fr (ABES) (article, 2024-12-17)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Analysis of atmospheric water collection from micro-structured surfaces L’accès à l’eau potable est devenu enjeu international, touchant des millions de personnes et mettant ennpéril les écosystèmes. Garantir l’accès équitable à cette ressource représente un défi pour l’humanité. Inspirés par la surface du dos du scarabée combinant à la fois des zones hydrophiles et des zones hydrophobes, nous proposons dans ce travail de thèse, des surfaces structurées, biphiliques capables de condenser et collecter l’eau atmosphérique. Ces surfaces, ayant différentes rugosités, tailles et formesde motifs sont préparées à base de polymère déposé sur silicium en combinant diverses technologies telles que la lithographie, le dépôt métallique et la gravure plasma. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse a été d’analyser comment les différents paramètres des surfaces impactent ou n’impactent pas la collecte d’eau, au niveau de la condensation et de la capture de gouttelettes de brouillard. L’intérêt final était de contribuer à l’analyse qui permettra de définir les systèmes de collecte optimaux en tirant profit des expertises technologiques disponibles au laboratoire et en réalisant des surfaces de plusieurs typesprésentant une variété de rugosité. Après une phase d’optimisation des procédés technologiques pour réaliser des surfaces à mouillabilité alternée, nous avons testé l’efficacité de ces surfaces par des mesures de condensation dans une chambre climatique, avec un contrôle de la température de l’air, humidité relative, et température de surface. Nous avons pu confirmer ainsi certains résultats de la littérature quantaux facteurs majeurs qui impactent la condensation. Nous avons également testé le comportement de ces surfaces face à un flux de gouttelettes dans l’objectif d’étudier leur comportement face au brouillard. Les résultats ont montré que les surfaces biphiliques, avec une certaine rugosité de surface, sont plus efficaces que les surfaces homogènes pour collecter l'eau. Cependant, les conditions expérimentales jouent un rôle clé et leur impact sur la durabilité reste un point majeur à étudier. Condensation ; Water consumption ; Condenser (optics) ; Liquid water Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity
Authors: Miriam Martínez Muñoz
Source: International Journal for Cross-Disciplinary Subjects in Education (article, 2024-03-31)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Energy Umbrella to Enhance Interest in STEM Education As technology evolves and advances, STEAM (science, technology, engineering, art and maths) education becomes increasingly essential.By including it comprehensively in the classroom, it provides opportunities to prepare the new generations to face important challenges.It requires the use of innovative and alternative methods of teaching and learning, such as projects, laboratory practices and technological tools.And it allows the development of skills such as analysis, documentation and problem solving, supporting them to deal with situations in their daily lives.This paper presents a STEAM project developed in the 4th ESO physics class that consists of the construction of an energy umbrella that would help increase the percentage of electricity genera-ted in a sustainable way and provide electricity savings, since it would allow energy self-sufficiency, getting closer to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).It has been developed in English, which has allowed students to develop the linguistic competence of a second language, professional skills, greater concentration and memory. Energy (signal processing) ; Stem cell ; Psychology ; Physics ; Biology ; Cell biology Various Chemistry Research Topics