jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Ling Chen | Youdong Jia | Jianrong Zhang | Lei Wang | Rui Yang | Yun Su | Xinzhi Li
Source: Processes (article, 2024-09-10)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Research on Citrus Fruit Freshness Detection Based on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy The study developed a novel method for evaluating the freshness of citrus fruits by integrating near-infrared spectroscopy with the non-linear data processing capabilities of a BP neural network. This approach utilizes specific wavelength analysis to distinguish between fresh and non-fresh fruits effectively. Advanced pre-processing techniques are employed to remove spectral anomalies, enhancing the network’s ability to accurately identify crucial quality indicators like sugar content. Concurrently, an experiment utilizing a mathematical computing software -based BP neural network optimized the number of hidden layer nodes, identifying 61 as optimal. This configuration achieves impressive indicators, including a mean square error of 0.0025665 and a root mean square error of 49.8214. More than 1000 training iterations were performed on 100 citrus samples, and the learning rate was 80%. The model demonstrated a high accuracy rate of 97.6275%, confirming its precision and reliability in assessing citrus freshness. This synergy between advanced neural network processing and spectroscopic techniques marks a significant advancement in agricultural quality assessment, setting new standards for speed and efficiency in data processing. Infrared ; Citrus fruit ; Environmental science ; Horticulture ; Food science ; Chemistry ; Biology ; Physics ; Optics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
Authors: Lancia Darville | John H. Lockhart | Sudhir Putty Reddy | Bin Fang | Victoria Izumi | Theresa A. Boyle | Eric B. Haura | Elsa R. Flores | John M. Koomen
Source: Methods in molecular biology (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

A Fast-Tracking Sample Preparation Protocol for Proteomics of Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tumor Tissues Protocol (science) ; Tracking (education) ; Sample (material) ; Computer science ; Biomedical engineering ; Materials science ; Chromatography ; Medicine ; Chemistry ; Pathology ; Psychology Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications ; Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
Authors: Yan Li | Guancheng Zhen | Yifan Liu | H. S. Song | Yuwei Liang | Xiaokun Liu | Shaoxin Meng | Yan Liu | Shasha Li
Source: IET Science Measurement & Technology (article, 2024-04-23)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Effect of temperature on partial discharges activity and electrical trees propagation in XLPE Abstract Cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables are commonly used for constructing urban power lines due to their superior properties. Insulation defects can cause partial discharge (PD) and electrical tree, which can negatively impact the insulation performance of the cable and even lead to insulation failure. During operation, cables undergo hot and cold cycles, and the temperature of the insulation layer can affect the PD and electrical tree. An experimental platform with a needle‐plate electrode was developed to investigate this phenomenon. The platform was used to detect PD activity and electrical tree propagation in XLPE under a 50 Hz voltage at various temperatures. The results indicate that an increase in insulation temperature leads to an increase in the number of PDs and a decrease in the inception voltage. Simultaneously, it has been observed that a rise in temperature can facilitate the spread of electrical trees. To explicate the aforementioned PD result, a finite element analysis (FEA) model has been developed. Additionally, a molecular dynamics (MD) model of XLPE material was developed to clarify the phenomenon of electrical tree propagation. This study's findings aid in investigating the impact of temperature on XLPE defects, which is critical for assessing power cable performance. Partial discharge ; Electrical treeing ; Polyethylene ; Materials science ; Cross-linked polyethylene ; Power cable ; Composite material ; Voltage ; Electrode ; Electrical engineering ; Layer (electronics) ; Engineering ; Physics High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation ; Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena
Authors: A. Sasithradevi | S. Shoba | J Persiya | P. Prakash | Adeline Sneha
Source: Data in Brief (article, 2024-06-18)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Thermal image dataset for okra maturity analysis Okra, renowned for its abundance of essential nutrients, emerges as a promising solution in addressing malnutrition, advocating for sustainable agriculture, and showcasing versatile untapped potentials. Our objective is to enhance the quality, market attractiveness, and culinary adaptability of okra harvests by classifying them into over-matured and adequately matured groups through a non-invasive approach. This dataset is centered on thermal images capturing different maturity levels of okra, categorized into two distinct groups. The thermal imaging device is employed for image capture, and the okra samples are sourced from diverse vegetable vendors and farms. This dataset proves to be a valuable asset for the non-invasive examination and categorization of okras based on their maturity levels. Adaptability ; Maturity (psychological) ; Categorization ; Attractiveness ; Asset (computer security) ; Sustainability ; Quality (philosophy) ; Agriculture ; Abundance (ecology) ; Computer science ; Business ; Agricultural engineering ; Biotechnology ; Artificial intelligence ; Biology ; Engineering ; Ecology ; Political science ; Psychology Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity ; Agricultural Practices and Plant Genetics
Authors: Fatin Hamimah Ikhsan | See Khee Yee | Samsul Haimi Dahlan | Fahmiruddin Esa | Vahid Nayyeri
Source: Progress In Electromagnetics Research C (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Synthesis and Characterization of Polymer (PDMS-Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;) Magneto-dielectric Material Based on Complementary Double Split RingResonator In this paper, a comparison microwave method between Transmission and Reflection using a Coaxial Cable and complimentary double split ring resonator (CDSRR) for characterization of magneto-dielectric material is proposed. This method enables the determination of both relative permittivity and permeability of magneto-dielectric material. The CDSRR resonates at 3.46 GHz with a quality factor of 127 in unloaded condition. To determine the effects of permittivity and permeability on the shift of resonant frequency, the electric and magnetic fields are localized in two separate zones in the CDSRR sensor. Prediction formulas are proposed to extract the value of real permittivity and permeability from S21 parameter. For Transmission/Reflection Method, to extract the dielectric and magnetic properties, Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW) are used. The prototypes of proposed sensors are fabricated on a ROGERS 3003 and tested for validation of their functionality. A good agreement between the measured data using Transmission/Reflection Method and CDSRR sensor is observed. Dielectric ; Characterization (materials science) ; Materials science ; Resonator ; Ring (chemistry) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Optoelectronics ; Nanotechnology ; Organic chemistry Liquid Crystal Research Advancements ; Magneto-Optical Properties and Applications ; Photonic Crystals and Applications
Authors: Chengyun Wang | Guofu Zhang | Qi Liu | Song Kang | Shaozhi Deng | Jun Chen
Source: Nanomaterials (article, 2024-09-16)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Fabrication of ZnO Nanowire Cold Cathode Flat-Panel X-ray Source with a Reflective Anode A novel reflective anode flat-panel X-ray source using ZnO nanowire cold cathode and a metal anode has been developed. Simulation analysis indicated that the reflective anode structure reduces electric field concentration compared to a transmission anode structure. The current-voltage characteristics, X-ray radiation dose rate, and stability of the fabricated device were thoroughly characterized. The device demonstrated a maximum emission current of 481.1 μA and a maximum radiation dose rate of 303 μGy/s at an anode voltage of 40 kV. The X-ray imaging of various objects was also conducted. Our findings are of significance for developing high-performance, robust flat-panel X-ray sources for diverse applications. Fabrication ; Anode ; Materials science ; Nanowire ; Cathode ; Cold cathode ; Flat panel ; Optoelectronics ; Flat panel display ; Nanotechnology ; Galvanic anode ; Optics ; Electrode ; Cathodic protection ; Electrical engineering ; Chemistry Ga2O3 and related materials ; Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications ; Nanowire Synthesis and Applications
Authors: A.V. Korzhov | P.V. Lonzinger | V.I. Safonov | V.A. Surin | M.A. Cheskidova | K.N. Belov
Source: Bulletin of the South Ural State University series Power Engineering (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

SURROGATE MODELS OF ELECTROPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GLASS PARTS OF HIGH-VOLTAGE INSULATORS The article is devoted to the development of a surrogate model as an element of a computer vision system to identify internal defects in insulating parts of complex shape. To analyze the electrophysical characteristics of high-voltage insulators with defects, the principles of optimal construction of a physical model necessary to obtain simulation data are determined. A set of functional dependencies for the analysis of the electrical strength of the sample and the principles of selecting arguments for these dependencies are also defined. Using the example of a glass part of the PS-70E insulator, it has been shown that a numerical model in the form of a polynomial of five seventh-order variables, taking into account the change in the shape of elliptical gas inclusions and their distribution, is sufficient to analyze the electrical strength of the insulator. The relative error in determining the main characteristics of the electric field in the defect based on the results of simulation modeling and calculation using a surrogate model is no more than 10%. The use of a surrogate model makes it possible to identify areas for which the maximum electric field strength will be observed in defects, which makes it possible for the computer vision system to assess the potential danger of defects. Using the polynomial form of the surrogate model simplifies the process of creating a model, since the construction algorithm is deterministic. This advantage can be used in the construction of surrogate models of insulation structures, since their physical properties are sufficiently homogeneous throughout the entire product and they can be approximated by a polynomial function of a small degree. Also, the advantage of the polynomial model was determined by the relative simplicity of obtaining simulation data. Materials science ; High voltage ; Engineering physics ; Composite material ; Voltage ; Electrical engineering ; Engineering High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation ; Thermal Analysis in Power Transmission
Authors: Armstrong Udochukwu Anonaba | Francis Eze | Israel Chukwuemeka Ndukwe
Source: Engineering and Technology Journal (article, 2024-01-26)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Influence of oil palm mesocarp fiber on physical properties of fabricated plaster of paris ceilings This study was designed to investigate how some important physical properties of Plaster of Paris (POP) ceilings are affected by the utilization of untreated oil palm mesocarp fiber (UOPMF) and treated oil palm mesocarp fiber (TOPMF) as a modifier. Both fibers were utilized separately at various weight proportions (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%) to fabricate the ceiling samples. The samples were dried completely and then tested for water absorption, porosity, bulk density, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, heat flow time, and flakiness. All the samples could improve thermal insulation performance better than conventional ceilings like asbestos and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). However, the UOPMF enhanced a greater potential than the TOPMF over the control sample. Loading up to 30% of the fiber was optimum for a good blend, considering the resistance to wear offered by the samples. Palm oil ; Fiber ; Palm ; Materials science ; Composite material ; Pulp and paper industry ; Environmental science ; Engineering ; Agroforestry Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: Christopher I. Platt | Callum Stewart-McGuinness | Alexander Eckersley | Loren Wilkins | Michael J. Sherratt
Source: Frontiers in Physiology (article, 2024-03-15)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Acute exposure to ultraviolet radiation targets proteins involved in collagen fibrillogenesis <b>Introduction:</b> Exposure to chronic, low-dose UV irradiation (UVR) can lead to premature ageing of the skin. Understanding which proteins are affected by acute UVR and photo-dynamically produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) could help to inform strategies to delay photoageing. Conventional biochemical analyses can be used to characterize UVR/ROS-induced damage on a protein-by-protein basis and we have previously shown using SDS-PAGE that collagen I and plasma fibronectin are respectively resistant and susceptible to physiological doses of UVR. The aim of this study was to screen a complex proteome for UVR-affected proteins. <b>Methods:</b> This study employed a sensitive mass spectrometry technique (peptide location fingerprinting: PLF) which can identify structure associated differences following trypsin digestion to characterize the impact of UVR exposure on purified collagen I and tissue fibronectin and to identify UVR-susceptible proteins in an ECM-enriched proteome. <b>Results:</b> Using LC/MS-MS and PLF we show that purified mature type-I collagen is resistant to UVR, whereas purified tissue fibronectin is susceptible. UV irradiation of a human dermal fibroblast-deposited ECM-enriched proteome <i>in vitro</i>, followed by LC/MS-MS and PLF analysis revealed two protein cluster groups of UV susceptible proteins involved in i) matrix collagen fibril assembly and ii) protein translation and motor activity. Furthermore, PLF highlighted UV susceptible domains within targeted matrix proteins, suggesting that UV damage of matrix proteins is localized. <b>Discussion:</b> Here we show that PLF can be used to identify protein targets of UVR and that collagen accessory proteins may be key targets in UVR exposed tissues. Proteome ; Fibrillogenesis ; Fibronectin ; Proteomics ; Chemistry ; Extracellular matrix ; Biochemistry ; Molecular biology ; Cell biology ; Biology ; Fibril ; Gene Collagen: Extraction and Characterization ; Bone and Dental Protein Studies ; Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
Authors: Boya Shi | Li Jiang | Ruikai Ma | Weidan Zhao | Yekai Zheng | Wangwei Pan | Mi Liu | Shangzhong Jin | Yan Zhou
Source: RSC Advances (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><i>x</i></sub>-AuNP based paper substrates for label-free SERS detection of bacteria and multimodal antibacterials Bacterial infections have become a serious global health problem due to the misuse of antibiotics which causes the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. Photothermal therapy (PTT) has been widely studied in recent years as a method to combat the development of bacterial resistance. However, PPT may cause damage to the human body due to excessive laser power. Therefore, it is important and urgent to develop a multifunctional platform that can sensitively detect bacteria and effectively inhibit or kill bacteria at low laser power. Herein, a novel multifunctional paper substrate of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T <sub><i>x</i></sub> -AuNP was successfully synthesized by a self-assembly and freeze-drying method for bacterial detection and photothermal sterilization at low laser power. The typical Gram-negative <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) and the Gram-positive Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) were used as models to perform label-free, rapid and sensitive detection of bacteria based on the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method with detection limits as low as 10<sup>5</sup> CFU mL<sup>-1</sup> and 5 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU mL<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, demonstrating the paper substrate's ability to detect bacteria with sensitivity and accuracy. The paper substrate of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T <sub><i>x</i></sub> -AuNP exhibits significant antibacterial effects when irradiated with 808 nm light at a low laser power of only 300 mW cm<sup>-2</sup> and a short irradiation time of 5 minutes, and the germicidal rates for <i>E. coli</i> and MRSA were 99.94% and 92.71%, respectively. At the same time, the paper substrate of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T <sub><i>x</i></sub> -AuNP also produces a variety of reactive oxygen species under 808 nm laser irradiation, resulting in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Accordingly, this paper substrate of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T <sub><i>x</i></sub> -AuNP can not only sensitively detect bacteria, but also has photothermal and photodynamic sterilization, providing a promising countermeasure for the clinical treatment of diseases caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Photothermal therapy ; Substrate (aquarium) ; Bacteria ; Sterilization (economics) ; Nanotechnology ; Materials science ; Combinatorial chemistry ; Chemistry ; Biology MXene and MAX Phase Materials ; Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics ; Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Franck Polewczyk | Paul Lafourcade | Nicolas Pineau | Christophe Denoual | Gérard L. Vignoles | Jean‐Marc Leyssale
Source: Carbon Trends (article, 2024-07-09)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A molecular dynamics investigation of laminar pyrocarbons elasticity up to high-temperatures The mechanical properties of anisotropic carbons such as the pyrocarbon (pyC) matrices in C/C composites remain poorly documented, especially at elevated temperatures where these materials find most of their applications. We provide here a comprehensive molecular dynamics investigation of the high temperature – up to 4000 K – elastic behavior of six nanoscale pyC models in the context of fast temperature increases, not allowing for major structural modifications such as graphitization. We show that the structure of the most anisotropic and less disordered carbons, like the rough laminar (RL) pyC, is mostly not affected by annealing at the nanosecond timescale, aside from healing unstable defects like two-coordinated atoms at graphene edges. Conversely, highly disordered and less anisotropic carbons like the smooth laminar (SL) pyC show some significant rearrangements at grain boundaries and the development of some limited microporosity. The elastic constants of all highly anisotropic models moderately decrease with increasing temperature, somehow similarly to what is observed for graphite. Elastic constants of the SL pyC show a stronger decrease at high temperature, due to the decrease in density even though all models retain an important degree of stiffness up to 4000 K. Anisotropy ; Materials science ; Laminar flow ; Molecular dynamics ; Annealing (glass) ; Elasticity (physics) ; Graphene ; Graphite ; Grain boundary ; Context (archaeology) ; Composite material ; Chemical physics ; Thermodynamics ; Nanotechnology ; Microstructure ; Chemistry ; Computational chemistry ; Physics Graphene research and applications ; Boron and Carbon Nanomaterials Research ; Advanced ceramic materials synthesis
Authors: Prem Kumar Vagestan | Manikandan Periyasamy | Prathyusha Pathikonda | U. Ravi Kiran | Seshu Pavan Yadav | Mohammed Zahid | Dhanusree Avula
Source: AIP conference proceedings (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Enhancing the strength properties of concrete using coconut fiber and coconut fiber ash Concrete is a building material obtained by mixing cement, water and a ratio in an appropriate ratio. As the cost of cement rises day by day, the need for building materials and other essentials to keep up with the growing population is increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to be aware of other binding materials which will replace the cement partially or fully. Building rubble, in this case coconut fiber ash, creates pollution in environment. Coconut fiber is collected, moisture content was removed and roasted in an open area. After that, the fiber disintegrates into ash powder. The ash powder is collected and processed with a 150 micron filter. Concrete blocks are poured and aged for 7, 14, and 28 days, using 0, 5, 10, and 15 percent instead of cement ash and adding 3 times the weight of the cement to random carp. The results show that concrete performance decreases with increasing CFA content and compressive strength increases with healing, but decreases with increasing CFA content. The introduction of coir to the cement has notably improved many of the technical properties of concrete in terms of compressive strength, durability and flexibility. Fiber ; Materials science ; Coconut oil ; Composite material ; Food science ; Chemistry Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Innovative concrete reinforcement materials
Authors: chao sun | Hu Runze | Niansong Liu | Jianjun Ding
Source: IEEE photonics journal (article, 2024-04-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Mixed Gas Detection and Temperature Compensation Based on Photoacoustic Spectroscopy In recent years, with the continuous progress of technology and the development of society, the demand for updating trace gas detection technology has been increasing. The ability to quickly and accurately detect the composition and concentration of gases has become a hot topic in current research. In response to address issues such as difficulties in judging data for classification and recognizing gas components with low accuracy, a KNN-SVM algorithm has been proposed. The algorithm primarily reclassifies ambiguous data that are close to the hyperplane but do not have a clear affiliation, capturing data characteristics more comprehensively. It determines the weight ratio of each algorithm through experiments to improve the accuracy of gas category discrimination. Experimental results show that, compared to the traditional SVM algorithm, the KNN-SVM algorithm performs better in gas classification prediction, with an accuracy rate of 99.167% and an AUC indicator of 99.375%, enhancing the accuracy of gas detection. In response to the impact of temperature on the system during the experimental process, a WOA-BP temperature compensation model was established to compensate for temperature in gas concentration detection. After comparing various optimized BP neural network models, the performance of the WOA-BP temperature compensation was the most outstanding, with an R2 of 97.89%, MAE of 1.4868, RMSE of 2.0416, and a convergence speed after 15 iterations, reducing detection errors and thus achieving precise detection of low-concentration mixed gases. Photoacoustic spectroscopy ; Materials science ; Spectroscopy ; Compensation (psychology) ; Optoelectronics ; Temperature measurement ; Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine ; Optics ; Physics ; Thermodynamics Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies ; Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors