jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Şükrü Özşahin | Hilal Singer
Source: Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi (article, 2019-07-31)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Odun Yüzey Pürüzlülüğü Tahmininde Bir Yapay Sinir Ağı Modelinin Kullanılması Ağaç malzemelerin yüzey pürüzlülüğü, nihai ürünlerin kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi açısından çok önemlidir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada, odun türü, bıçak sayısı, besleme hızı ve kesme derinliğinin planyalama işleminde yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerindeki etkisini modellemek için bir yapay sinir ağı (YSA) modeli geliştirilmiştir. Farklı YSA modelleri oluşturulmuş ve bunların performansı ortalama mutlak yüzde hata (MAPE), ortalama karesel hatanın karekökü (RMSE) ve determinasyon katsayısı (R2) kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Önerilen modelin test safhasındaki MAPE, RMSE ve R2 değerleri sırasıyla %7,27, 0,57 ve 0,903 olmuştur. Sonuç olarak YSA, planyalanan odunun yüzey pürüzlülüğünü tahmin etmede etkili bir araçtır ve maliyetli ve zaman alıcı araştırmalar yerine oldukça yararlıdır. Mathematics ; Physics Textile materials and evaluations ; Urban Heat Island Mitigation ; Building Energy and Comfort Optimization
Authors: Catherine G. Vasilopoulou | Karolina Sulek | Andreas‐David Brunner | Ningombam Sanjib Meitei | U. Schweiger-Hufnagel | Sven Meyer | Aiko Barsch | Matthias Mann | Florian Meier
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2019-05-31)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) and parallel accumulation - serial fragmentation (PASEF) enable in-depth lipidomics from minimal sample amounts ABSTRACT Lipids form a highly diverse group of biomolecules fulfilling central biological functions, ranging from structural components to intercellular signaling. Yet, a comprehensive characterization of the lipidome from limited starting material, for example in tissue biopsies, remains very challenging. Here, we develop a high-sensitivity lipidomics workflow based on nanoflow liquid chromatography and trapped ion mobility spectrometry. Taking advantage of the PASEF principle (Meier et al. , PMID: 26538118), we fragmented on average nine precursors in each 100 ms TIMS scans, while maintaining the full mobility resolution of co-eluting isomers. The very high acquisition speed of about 100 Hz allowed us to obtain MS/MS spectra of the vast majority of detected isotope patterns for automated lipid identification. Analyzing 1 uL of human plasma, PASEF almost doubled the number of identified lipids over standard TIMS-MS/MS and allowed us to reduce the analysis time by a factor of three without loss of coverage. Our single-extraction workflow surpasses the plasma lipid coverage of extensive multi-step protocols in common lipid classes and achieves attomole sensitivity. Building on the high precision and accuracy of TIMS collisional cross section measurements (median CV 0.2%), we compiled 1,327 lipid CCS values from human plasma, mouse liver and human cancer cells. Our study establishes PASEF in lipid analysis and paves the way for sensitive, ion mobility-enhanced lipidomics in four dimensions. Lipidomics ; Lipidome ; Ion-mobility spectrometry ; Chemistry ; Mass spectrometry ; Chromatography ; Fragmentation (computing) ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Biochemistry ; Computer science Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies ; Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications
Authors: Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas. Chachapoyas, Perú. | Ives Yoplac | Escuela de Postgrado, Programa Doctoral en Ciencia de Alimentos, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Perú. | Himer Ávila-George | Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara. Ameca, Jalisco | Luis Fernando Vargas Delgado | Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Perú | Paz Robert | Dpto. Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnología Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile | Wilson Castro | Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad privada del Norte, Cajamarca, Perú
Source: Revista Tecnica De La Facultad De Ingenieria Universidad Del Zulia (article, 2019-05-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Prediction of citral superficial content on microparticles by NIR spectroscopy and partial least square regression En este estudio se evaluó la espectroscopía NIR y la regresión de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLSR - partial least square regression) en la predicción del contenido superficial de citral (SC- superficial de citral) en micropartículas. Paraeste propósito, se prepararon muestras de micropartículas con diferentes niveles de SC variando la relación citral: dextrina (Ct:Dx) en la solución (1:5 y 1:20), y la temperatura del aire de ingreso (TAI) al secador por atomización (120 y 200 °C) durante el secado, obteniendo 12 tratamientos. El contenido SC se midió por cromatografía de gases. Luego, cada tratamiento se dividió en seis partes, cuatro para modelado y dos para validación, obteniendo 72 partes de las cuales su perfil espectral de absorbancia (1100 y 2500 nm), fue extraído y pretratado. Posteriormente, se aplicó el método PLSR para modelar la relación entre los perfiles espectrales y los valores de SC. Se obtuvieron modelos con el espectro completo de onda y modelos optimizados, con las longitudes de onda relevantes. Los resultados obtenidos con el modelo PLSR optimizado mostraron valores de R2 superiores a 0,89 y RMSEC menores de 4,86x10-15. Por tanto; el método NIR – PLSR mostró potencialidades para la determinación de citral en microcápsulas. Citral ; Physics ; Partial least squares regression ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Humanities ; Chemistry ; Chromatography ; Mathematics ; Statistics ; Art Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Meat and Animal Product Quality ; Food Drying and Modeling
Authors: Guitao Liu | Junfeng Yu | Cuidong Li | Xiaoyun Zhou | Liping Nie | Yanhua Wei | Wenyu Wang | Ying Zhang | Nuziguli Nusilaiti | Ping Hua | Xiaohua Wang | Wenlong Wei | Xinyan Li
Source: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine (article, 2019-01-11)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Application of protein chip combined with SELDI‑TOF‑MS detection to investigate serum protein expression in patients with silicosis fibrosis The present study aimed to observe the identification of biomarkers of silicosis based on the differentially expressed serum proteins between normal healthy individuals and patients with silicosis fibrosis. A total number of 20 patients with clinically diagnosed silicosis were screened, which were designated as the foundation treatment group. In addition, 20 age-matched healthy patients attending a check-up at the physical examination department were selected. Serum samples were obtained and a combined protein chip with surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization flight mass spectrometry was applied to perform serum analysis. Data preprocessing, screening differences in peak, hierarchical cluster analysis, Principal Component Analysis, construction of a decision tree model, and prediction based on the differences between peaks corresponding to proteins were performed to analyze the data. The results revealed differences in the proteins in serum between the normal group and the group prior to foundation treatment prediction. The corresponding names of the protein peak, predicted protein, and gene name were as follows: M1948_00, complement c3 frag, C3; M2017_02, amyloid-βa4 protein, APP; and M2879_56, hepcidin, HAMP. Differentially expressed serum proteins in the normal group and the basis treatment group were predicted, including M2017_02, amyloid-βa4 protein, APP; M2879_56, hepcidin, HAMP; and M3224_97, fibrinogen-α chain frags, FGA. The differentially expressed serum proteins in the group prior to basis treatment and the group following basis treatment were predicted, including M2001_69, amyloid-βa4 protein, APP; M2017_02, amyloid-βa4 protein, APP, M4144_81, plasma protease c1 inhibitor frag, and SERPING1. In conclusion, there were differences in the proteins in serum between the patients with silicosis fibrosis and healthy individuals. Silicosis ; Internal medicine ; Blood proteins ; Medicine ; Immunology ; Pathology ; Biology Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Occupational and environmental lung diseases ; Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions
Authors: Negin Safakhoo | Mahmoud Reza Sohrabi | Mahsa Khalili | Shirin Mofavvaz
Source: Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society (article, 2019-03-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

ENHANCEMENT SPECTRAL RESOLUTION FOR THE PREDICTION AMOUNT OF SOFOSBUVIR AND LEDIPASVIR USING LEAST SQUARES SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION In this study, least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) as intelligent methods combined with spectrophotometry method, were used for determination of Sofosbuvir (SOF) and Ledipasvir (LED) in synthetic mixtures and Harvoni tablet simultaneously. In the LS-SVM method, Radial Basis Function (RBF) was used as kernel function. Then, the regularization parameter () and Bandwidth ( 2 ) were optimized and root mean square error prediction (RMSE) was 0.4164, 0.6033 for SOF and LED respectively. Afterwards, Feed-forward back-propagation network with different training algorithms was used in artificial neural network method. These training algorithms compared with each other for selecting the best model. On the other hand, radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) was applied as an efficient network. Finally, these methods were compared to the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a reference method. According to one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test at the 95 % confidence level, there were no significant differences between LS-SVM, ANN and reference methods. Artificial neural network ; Sofosbuvir ; Support vector machine ; Ledipasvir ; Least squares support vector machine ; Least-squares function approximation ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Partial least squares regression ; Resolution (logic) ; Artificial intelligence ; Biological system ; Computer science ; Mathematics ; Machine learning ; Statistics ; Biology ; Virology ; Hepatitis C virus ; Virus Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals ; Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Authors: Kalinka Velichkova | Dora Krezhova
Source: RAD Association Journal (article, 2019-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HYPERSPECTRAL VEGETATION INDICES FOR REMOTE ESTIMATION OF LEAF CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT AND PLANT STATUS Leaf chlorophyll (Chl) content, at the leaf and canopy level, is an important biochemical parameter because of its crucial role in photosynthesis and in plant functioning. Furthermore, it provides an indication of the plant nutritional state and stress. Due to the reliable, rapid, and non-destructive advantages, hyperspectral remote sensing plays a significant role in monitoring and assessing the plant biophysical variables. In this study, a set of Chlrelated vegetation indices (VIs) derived from the leaf reflectance data of young pepper plants infected by Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) were tested for estimating the changes in the Chl content and plant status. Hyperspectral reflectance data were collected by means of a portable fiber-optics spectrometer in the spectral range of 350-1100 nm. The effect of two growth regulators, MEIA (beta-monomethyl ester of itaconic acid) and (benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid-S-methyl ester), on the Chl content and respectively on the development of the viral infection was investigated too. Four categories VIs: normalized difference (ND) VIs; simple ratio (SR) VIs; single-band reflectance or simple difference (SD) VIs, and some other forms of VIs, were tested using statistical analyses (ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer's tests) to explore their potentials in the Chl content estimation. To enhance the sensitivity of the VIs, modified VIs were tested in some other combinations of narrow bands. The statistical analyses showed that the Modified Red Edge Simple Ratio (MRESR) index, Vogelmann Red Edge index (VREI1), and Pigment index (PI) were most sensitive to the Chl content changes. The Normalized Difference VI (NDVI) and Triangular Vegetation Index (TVI) turned out to be insensitive to Chl variations. The rest of the VIs were responsible for Chl variations but with less sensitivity. Hyperspectral imaging ; Vegetation Index ; Vegetation (pathology) ; Remote sensing ; Environmental science ; Chlorophyll ; Estimation ; Leaf area index ; Geography ; Botany ; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ; Biology ; Medicine ; Engineering Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
Authors: Marcello Ferrari | Maurício David Martins das Neves | Juliano Neves Panão
Source: Soldagem & Inspeção (article, 2019-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Análise das Propriedades Mecânicas de Juntas de Aço Carbono Estrutural Soldadas pelo Processo Arco Submerso com os Arcos Simples e Duplo (Tandem-Arc) Resumo Diante de um cenário econômico onde a concorrência é cada vez mais acirrada, a busca por processos, técnicas e equipamentos de soldagem que proporcionem ganhos na produtividade é uma exigência para garantir a competitividade das empresas no mercado. Com o desenvolvimento e a adoção de novas tecnologias é possível inovar os processos convencionais, otimizando o desempenho e aumentando a produtividade dos mesmos, sem detrimento dos requisitos de qualidade exigidos. O processo de soldagem arco submerso permite a obtenção de juntas soldadas de excelente qualidade e produtividade e, com a utilização de múltiplos arames, é possível aumentar ainda mais a taxa de deposição. Entretanto, o emprego de múltiplos arames implica na necessidade de maiores correntes e, mesmo com o aumento da velocidade de soldagem, o aporte de calor sofre um acréscimo considerável, o que pode afetar a tenacidade da junta. Assim, em estruturas soldadas onde há requisitos de impacto torna-se necessário avaliar os efeitos dos altos aportes de calor. Neste trabalho foi comparada a tenacidade de duas juntas soldadas em aço carbono ASTM A36 pelo processo arco submerso, sendo a primeira soldada com arco simples e a outra com arco duplo (Tandem-Arc). Após a soldagem, as peças de testes foram submetidas ao tratamento térmico de alívio de tensões (TTAT) e submetidas aos ensaios de tração, dobramento, impacto Charpy, perfil de dureza Vickers, exame macrográfico e caracterização microestrutural realizada por meio de microscopia óptica. Os resultados obtidos em todos os ensaios foram considerados satisfatórios e aprovados, mostrando assim que é possível o emprego do processo Tandem-Arc na soldagem de aços carbono quando há requisitos de impacto. Materials science ; Charpy impact test ; Physics ; Metallurgy ; Ultimate tensile strength Metal Alloys Wear and Properties ; Advancements in Materials Engineering ; Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
Authors: Euan D. Reavie | Meijun Cai
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2019-01-07)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Consideration of species-specific diatom indicators of anthropogenic stress in the Great Lakes Abstract Robust inferences of environmental condition come from bioindicators that have strong relationships with stressors and are minimally confounded by extraneous environmental variables. These indicator properties are generally assumed for assemblage-based indicators such as diatom transfer functions that use species abundance data to infer environmental variables. However, failure of assemblage approaches necessitates the interpretation of individual dominant taxa when making environmental inferences. To determine whether diatom species from Laurentian Great Lakes sediment cores have the potential to provide unambiguous inferences of anthropogenic stress, we evaluated fossil diatom abundance against a suite of historical environmental gradients: human population, agriculture, mining, atmospheric nutrient deposition, atmospheric temperature and ice cover. Several diatom species, such as Stephanodiscus parvus , had reliable relationships with anthropogenic stress such as human population. However, many species had little or no indicator value or had confusing relationships with multiple environmental variables, suggesting one should be careful when using those species to infer stress in the Great Lakes. Recommendations for future approaches to refining diatom indicators are discussed, including accounting for the effects of broad species geographic distributions to minimize region-specific responses that can weaken indicator power. Diatom ; Bioindicator ; Ecology ; Environmental change ; Abundance (ecology) ; Population ; Environmental science ; Indicator species ; Geography ; Climate change ; Biology ; Habitat Diatoms and Algae Research ; Geology and Paleoclimatology Research ; Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Authors: Mark V. Ivanov | Julia A. Bubis | Vladimir Gorshkov | Irina A. Tarasova | Lev I. Levitsky | Anna A. Lobas | Elizaveta M. Solovyeva | M. L. Pridatchenko | Frank Kjeldsen | Mikhail V. Gorshkov
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2019-09-05)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

DirectMS1: MS/MS-free identification of 1000 proteins of cellular proteomes in 5 minutes Abstract Proteome characterization relies heavily on tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and is thus associated with instrumentation complexity, lengthy analysis time, and limited duty-cycle. It was always tempting to implement approaches which do not require MS/MS, yet, they were constantly failing in achieving meaningful depth of quantitative proteome coverage within short experimental times, which is particular important for clinical or biomarker discovery applications. Here, we report on the first successful attempt to develop a truly MS/MS-free and label-free method for bottom-up proteomics. We demonstrate identification of 1000 protein groups for a standard HeLa cell line digest using 5-minute LC gradients. The amount of loaded sample was varied in a range from 1 ng to 500 ng, and the method demonstrated 10-fold higher sensitivity compared with the standard MS/MS-based approach. Due to significantly higher sequence coverage obtained by the developed method, it outperforms all popular MS/MS-based label-free quantitation approaches. Proteome ; Tandem mass spectrometry ; Mass spectrometry ; Proteomics ; Biomarker discovery ; Quantitative proteomics ; Chromatography ; Computational biology ; Chemistry ; Identification (biology) ; Biomarker ; Computer science ; Biology ; Biochemistry Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Authors: Adriano Francescangeli | Vito Daniele | Paolo Antonio Di Lorenzo | Magda Franco
Source: Journal of AOAC International (article, 2019-09-19)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

A Novel GC-FID Analytical Strategy Reveals Adulteration of Fuels by Vegetable Oil Our study was realized on 100 fraudulent samples collected by the Italian fiscal police in regular oil stations and by the Italian fiscal police and customs officers as a consequence of controls on trucks transporting, in suspicious circumstances, "oil" often declared "antistick and anticorrosion oil" or "protective oil." Conclusions and Highlights: High reliability of results, external validity, ease of replication, simple instrumentation, and sample preparation make this method well suited for a new "smart" protocol for diesel fuels analysis for customs, fiscal, and antifraud purposes. Diesel fuel ; Context (archaeology) ; Truck ; Revenue ; Damages ; Fuel oil ; Harmonization ; Business ; Automotive industry ; Petroleum industry ; Environmental science ; Waste management ; Engineering ; Accounting ; Law ; Automotive engineering ; Environmental engineering ; Geography Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Petroleum Processing and Analysis
Authors: Sueli Souza Leite | Gessica Mina Kim Jesus | Manoel Cléber de Sampaio Alves | Ivaldo D. Valarelli | Marcus Antonio Pereira Bueno | Fernanda Christiane Rossetto Dinhane Magorbo | Fábio Alexandre Moizés | Vitor Manoel Salvadeo
Source: BioResources (article, 2019-02-15)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Analysis of the parameters affecting the surface sanding of Pinus elliottii and Corymbia citriodora wood species Wood is a versatile and renewable material. It features characteristic mechanical resistance, thermal and electrical insulation, easy workability, and low energy consumption during processing. These properties make it attractive compared with other materials, mainly in the manufacturing and civil construction industries. One of the most important processes in the logging industry is sanding, though it is treated empirically by companies without a systematic study of the influence of its parameters, and it incurs high costs in this sector. Therefore, this work analyzed the effects of the sandpaper parameters (grit size and type of abrasive), wood parameters (species and fiber direction), and contribution percentage thereof on the behavior of the surface roughness and removal rate of the material. The Taguchi method was applied, and tests were performed on a flat sander with a pneumatic circuit and monitoring system for data acquisition. The tests were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance. The results showed that the surface roughness and removal rate were significantly influenced by the sandpaper parameters, but not by the wood parameters. Also, the aluminum oxide sandpaper presented greater durability and resulted in lower roughness values. Sandpaper ; Materials science ; Composite material ; Taguchi methods ; Surface roughness ; Surface finish ; Pulp and paper industry ; Engineering Textile materials and evaluations ; Tribology and Lubrication Engineering ; Wood Treatment and Properties
Authors: K. Beulah Suganthy
Source: International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (article, 2019-04-30)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Identification of Disease in Leaves using Genetic Algorithm Plant disease is an impairment of normal state of a plant that interrupts or modifies its vital functions. Many leaf diseases are caused by pathogens. Agriculture is the mains try of the Indian economy. Perception of human eye is not so much stronger so as to observe minute variation in the infected part of leaf. In this paper, we are providing software solution to automatically detect and classify plant leaf diseases. In this we are using image processing techniques to classify diseases & quickly diagnosis can be carried out as per disease. This approach will enhance productivity of crops. It includes image processing techniques starting from image acquisition, preprocessing, testing, and training. Identification (biology) ; Algorithm ; Computer science ; Disease ; Computational biology ; Artificial intelligence ; Biology ; Botany ; Medicine ; Pathology Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses