jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Małgorzata Kowalczyk | Krzysztof Tomczyk
Source: Materials (article, 2024-12-14)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Quality of Machined Surface and Cutting Force When Milling NiTi Alloys The machining of shape memory alloys, such as NiTi, presents challenges due to their specific physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. This study investigated the effect of the helix angle of milling tools-both uncoated and coated-on the cutting forces and the surface roughness of the milling process for a NiTi alloy. Experiments were conducted using the tools with and without coatings at various helix angles (20°, 30°, and 40°) and under different machining conditions. Optimization of the process was employed the Taguchi method to identify the best combination of the corresponding parameters. The results of the cutting force and the surface roughness measurements were analyzed and discussed in the context of optimizing the cutting conditions to achieve the desired outcomes. The results show that the lowest surface roughness values (<i>Sa</i> = 0.301 μm and <i>Sz</i> = 3.41 μm) were achieved with the coated tool at a helix angle of 30°, a feed per tooth of 0.02 mm, and a cutting speed of 45 m/min, while the lowest cutting force (<i>F</i> = 143.6 N) was observed with the coated tool at a cutting speed of 55 m/min, helix angle of 40°, and feed per tooth of 0.02 mm. This research provides valuable insights for industrial applications requiring the precise machining of NiTi in terms of the cutting forces and the surface quality. The findings reveal that the presence of the coating, along with an increase in the helix angle, significantly reduces the cutting forces, positively influencing the quality of the machined surface. Materials science ; Surface roughness ; Machining ; Nickel titanium ; Helix angle ; Context (archaeology) ; Taguchi methods ; Surface finish ; Composite material ; Mechanical engineering ; Titanium alloy ; Coating ; Alloy ; Metallurgy ; Shape-memory alloy ; Engineering Shape Memory Alloy Transformations
Authors: Shahram Negari | Davoud Esmaeil Moghadam
Source: High Voltage (article, 2024-03-25)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A novel approach towards parametric assessment of reliability and resilience of high voltage mica‐based insulation systems by statistical analysis of experimental failure data Abstract Insulation systems in high‐voltage electric machines play a pivotal role in the reliable operation and longevity of the equipment. Mica‐based insulation materials have proven to possess and maintain excellent dielectric properties in the long run and prevent premature insulation degradation. Numerous qualifications tests, such as voltage endurance, are outlined in IEC and IEEE standards. The authors, however, take a different parametric approach, opting for reliability assessment of insulation systems using derived three‐parameter Weibull models. Therefore, instead of simple pass–fail criteria, empirical data is employed to determine failure rate probabilities quantitatively and objectively. Experimental data, including breakdown, dissipation factor, and partial discharge measurements, are used to construct the Weibull distribution model to predict fault and failure rates and calculate hazard functions. The rigorous examinations interpreted through the analytical model help assess insulation system resilience and particularly the impact of electrical field stress and mica content. Variation of electrical stress from 66.75 to 71.20 V/mil demonstrated how the mean time to failure of the system changed from 146.4 to 85.1 at 3 U n , hence identifying opportunities for design improvement and uncovering performance boundaries. Ultimately, the developed framework enhances comprehension of insulation system failure probabilities, guiding design decisions and ensuring a secure and reliable operation of electrical machines across applications. Reliability engineering ; Resilience (materials science) ; Reliability (semiconductor) ; Parametric statistics ; Mica ; Computer science ; Forensic engineering ; Engineering ; Materials science ; Statistics ; Mathematics ; Physics ; Composite material High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Concrete Corrosion and Durability ; Electrical Fault Detection and Protection
Authors: Ashvini Byri | Rajendra Kshirsagar | Vishwasrao Salunkhe | Pandi Kirupa Gopalakrishna | Prof. Punit Goel | Dhananjay Singh
Source: Darpan International Research Analysis (article, 2024-09-30)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Advancements in Post Silicon Validation for High Performance GPUs The rapid evolution of high-performance Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) has necessitated significant advancements in post-silicon validation techniques to ensure reliability and performance in diverse applications, from gaming to artificial intelligence. Post-silicon validation serves as a critical phase in the GPU design process, where physical chips are tested and verified against predefined specifications. This paper explores the latest methodologies employed in post-silicon validation, highlighting innovative strategies such as automated testing frameworks, advanced debugging tools, and machine learning algorithms that enhance fault detection and correction capabilities. We discuss the challenges associated with validating complex architectures, including power efficiency, thermal management, and system-level interactions, which are pivotal in meeting the demands of high-performance computing. Furthermore, the integration of hardware emulation and simulation techniques is examined, showcasing how these tools facilitate early identification of design flaws and optimize the validation workflow. This research underscores the importance of a holistic validation approach that incorporates both software and hardware perspectives, ensuring that GPUs not only meet performance metrics but also maintain high levels of reliability. The findings indicate that as GPU designs become increasingly intricate, adopting advanced post-silicon validation techniques will be essential for sustaining innovation and delivering cutting-edge performance in next-generation applications. Through this exploration, we aim to provide insights into the future landscape of GPU validation, emphasizing the critical role it plays in the successful deployment of high-performance computing technologies Silicon ; Computer science ; Computer architecture ; Materials science ; Optoelectronics Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques ; Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies ; Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques
Authors: Yiting Yuan | Tao Yu | Da Qin
Source: Forensic Sciences Research (article, 2024-10-21)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

An experimental study on distinguishing gel pen ink stains using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy combined with the <i>K</i> -means algorithm In the realm of document examination, the identification of suspicious alterations to handwritten documents is an important factor in case characterization. Investigating the differences in gel pen ink compositions has significant implications. In this study, we used desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) to analyze the ink compositions of gel pens. The methodology involved the following steps. (i) Sample selection: a total of 227 gel pens available in the market were procured for the study. (ii) Pre-experimental parameter exploration: preliminary experiments were performed to optimize the experimental parameters. (iii) Analytical technique: DESI-MS was used to collect compositional data from the gel pen ink samples, without requiring pre-treatment of the samples. (iv) Data analysis: the obtained data were analyzed using the Davies-Bouldin index, Calinski-Harabasz index, and <i>K</i>-means algorithm for ink sample classification. The experimental findings indicated that DESI-MS is a viable method for examining the ink compositions of gel pens. Notably, the testing process is minimally destructive and does not necessitate pre-treatment of the samples. Furthermore, variations in the ink compositions were observed among different models of gel pens within the same brand, and the extent of the variation in the composition varied across brands. Additionally, there were instances in which the ink compositions of different brands of gel pens exhibited similarities. Mass spectrometry ; Electrospray ; Spectroscopy ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Electrospray ionization ; Inkwell ; Materials science ; Desorption ; Chemistry ; Chromatography ; Physics ; Adsorption ; Organic chemistry ; Astronomy Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis ; Ion-surface interactions and analysis
Authors: Chi Ho Wong | Rolf Lortz
Source: Materials (article, 2024-10-25)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Exploring Unconventional Electron Distribution Patterns: Contrasts Between FeSe and FeSe/STO Using an Ab Initio Approach For more than a decade, the unusual distribution of electrons observed in ARPES (angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy) data within the energy range of ~30 meV to ~300 meV below the Fermi level, known as the ARPES energy range, has remained a puzzle in the field of iron-based superconductivity. As the electron-phonon coupling of FeSe/SrTiO<sub>3</sub> is very strong, our investigation is centered on exploring the synergistic interplay between spin-density waves (SDW) and charge-density waves (CDW) with differential phonons at the interface between antiferromagnetic maxima and minima under wave interference. Our analysis reveals that the synergistic energy is proportional to the ARPES energy range, as seen in the comparison between FeSe and FeSe/SrTiO<sub>3</sub>. This finding may suggest that the instantaneous interplay between these intricate phenomena may play a role in triggering the observed energy range in ARPES. Condensed matter physics ; Materials science ; Ab initio ; Ab initio quantum chemistry methods ; Electron ; Chemical physics ; Physics ; Quantum mechanics Iron-based superconductors research ; Rare-earth and actinide compounds ; Inorganic Chemistry and Materials
Authors: Tongqiang Jiang | Furong Deng | Wei Dong | Qingchuan Zhang | Peng Fei Liu
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2024-04-21)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Rice quality prediction and assessment of pesticide residue changes during storage based on Quatformer Rice serves as a fundamental food staple for humans. Its production process, however, unavoidably exposes it to pesticides which may detrimentally impact its quality due to residues. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to monitor pesticide residues on rice during storage. In this research, the Quatformer model, which considers the effects of temperature and humidity on pesticide residues in rice grains, was utilized to forecast the amount of pesticide residues in rice grains during the storage process, and the predicted results were combined with actual observations to form a quality assessment index. By applying the K-Means algorithm, the quality of rice grains was graded and assessed. The findings indicated that the model had high prediction accuracy, and the MAE, MSE, MAPE, RMSE and SMAPE indexes were calculated to be 0.0112, 0.0814, 0.1057, 0.1055 and 0.0204, respectively. These findings provide valuable technical and theoretical support for planning storage conditions, enhancing pesticide residue decomposition, and monitoring rice quality during storage. Pesticide residue ; Pesticide ; Environmental science ; Residue (chemistry) ; Staple food ; Agricultural engineering ; Toxicology ; Agronomy ; Chemistry ; Agriculture ; Biology ; Engineering ; Ecology Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
Authors: Letícia Zimermann Pires | Ohayna Lisboa Santos | Agnė Kairytė | Jurga Šeputytė-Jucikė | Sylwia Makowska | Daniele Battegazzore | Alberto Frache | Rafael de Ávila Delucis | Pedro Henrique González de Cademartori | Andrey Pereira Acosta
Source: Applied Sciences (article, 2024-04-19)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Fire Behavior of Wood–Glass and Jute–Glass Hybrid Laminates Manufactured by Vacuum Infusion This study explores the fire behavior of wood–glass and jute–glass hybrid laminates, with a focus on the influence of jute and wood veneers as new materials for composite production. Five-layer hybrid laminates were manufactured using the vacuum infusion process (VIP). Combustion and carbonization performances were assessed using a cone calorimeter based on the ISO 5660 method. This study evaluates flammability through key parameters including ignition time, heat release rate, and smoke production. The results indicated that the ignition time was significantly longer (ca. 64 s) for the glass–jute laminate (GJGJG), compared to the wood–glass laminate (WGWGW) (ca. 53 s). The heat release rate of laminates containing organic components was higher than the sample composed only of glass mat (G5) but their rates were all lower than the polyester reference resin. WGWGW, compared to the GJGJG sample, was able to produce a good-quality protective shield and, therefore, postpone the occurrence of the heat release peak. In this way, the fire growth rate index (FIGRA) best performance was accomplished by the WGWGW sample (2.7 ± 0.3 kW/m2 × s), which was even better than that of the G5 sample. The total-smoke-released value was highest for polyester, 7361 ± 839 m2/m2, followed by WGWGW, 2873 ± 188 m2/m2, and J5, 2484 ± 216 m2/m2. Among the hybrid laminates, the best performance was obtained by GJGJG, 1860 ± 49 m2/m2, but compared to the G5 laminates, it was only ~36% higher. The specific extinction area (SEA) is a smoke parameter related to the mass of the samples; the best result was obtained by WGWGW with 697 ± 31 m2/kg. Finally, the neat polyester and all laminates achieved UL 94HB classification, with firing rates below 40 mm/min. Materials science ; Composite material Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Structural Analysis of Composite Materials ; Flame retardant materials and properties
Authors: Binxin Shou | Mingguang Yang | Zihan Song | Junhui Li | Keqi Tang | Wenqing Gao | Jiayong Feng | Jiancheng Yu
Source: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry (article, 2024-01-23)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Radial basis function neural network optimization algorithm based on dynamic inertial weight particle swarm optimization for separating overlapping peaks in ion mobility spectrometry The experimental results convincingly demonstrate that this method can adaptively, rapidly, and accurately separate overlapping peaks of multiple components, improving the structural resolution of IMS. Particle swarm optimization ; Algorithm ; Local optimum ; Artificial neural network ; Radial basis function ; Ion-mobility spectrometry ; Computer science ; Biological system ; Mass spectrometry ; Artificial intelligence ; Chemistry Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies ; Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Authors: Anntonette N. Perry | Romana Jarošová | Colby E. Witt | Moriah E. Weese‐Myers | Vivek Subedi | Ashley E. Ross
Source: The Analyst (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Electrochemistry

Plasma-treated gold microelectrodes for subsecond detection of Zn(<scp>ii</scp>) with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry The sensitivity of zinc (Zn(II)) detection using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) with carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) is low compared to other neurochemicals. We have shown previously that Zn(II) plates to the surface of CFME's and we speculate that it is because of the abundance of oxide functionality on the surface. Plating reduces sensitivity over time and causes significant disruption to detection stability. This limited sensitivity and stability hinders Zn(II) detection, especially in complex matrices like the brain. To address this, we developed plasma-treated gold fiber microelectrodes (AuMEs) which enable sensitive and stable Zn(II) detection with FSCV. Typically, gold fibers are treated using corrosive acids to clean the surface and this step is important for preparing the surface for electrochemistry. Likewise, because FSCV is an adsorption-based technique, it is also important for Zn(II) to adsorb and desorb to prevent irreversible plating. Because of these requirements, careful optimization of the electrode surface was necessary to render the surface for Zn(II) adsorption yet strike a balance between attraction to the surface <i>vs.</i> irreversible interactions. In this study, we employed oxygen plasma treatment to activate the gold fiber surface without inducing significant morphological changes. This treatment effectively removes the organic layer while functionalizing the surface with oxygen, enabling Zn(II) detection that is not possible on untreated gold surfaces. Our results demonstrate significantly improved Zn(II) detection sensitivity and stability on AuME compared to CFME's. Overall, this work provides an advance in our understanding of Zn(II) electrochemistry and a new tool for improved metallotransmitter detection in the brain. Microelectrode ; Cyclic voltammetry ; Plasma ; Materials science ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Chemistry ; Radiochemistry ; Electrode ; Electrochemistry ; Chromatography Electrochemical Analysis and Applications ; Electrochemical sensors and biosensors ; Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
Authors: Vinícius Silva Werneck Orlando | Maria de Lourdes Bueno Trindade Galo | George Deroco Martins | Andrea Maria Lingua | Gleice Aparecida de Assis | Elena Belcore
Source: Agriculture (article, 2024-11-28)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Hyperspectral Characterization of Coffee Leaf Miner (Leucoptera coffeella) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) Infestation Levels: A Detailed Analysis Brazil is the largest coffee producer in the world. However, it has been a challenge to manage the main pest affecting the plant’s foliar part, the Coffee Leaf Miner (CLM) Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae). To mitigate this, remote sensing has been employed to spectrally characterize various stresses on coffee trees. This study establishes the groundwork for efficient pest detection by investigating the spectral characteristics of CLM infestation at different levels. This research aims to characterize the spectral signature of leaves at different CLM levels of infestation and identify the optimal spectral regions for discriminating these levels. To achieve this, hyperspectral reflectance measurements were made of healthy and infested leaves, and the classes of infested leaves were grouped into minimally, moderately, and severely infested. As the infestation level rises, the 700 nm region becomes increasingly suitable for distinguishing between infestation levels, with the visible region also proving significant, particularly during severe infestations. Reflectance thresholds established in this study provide a foundation for agronomic references related to CLM. These findings lay the essential groundwork for enhancing monitoring and early detection systems and underscore the value of terrestrial hyperspectral data for developing sustainable pest management strategies in coffee crops. Leaf miner ; Lepidoptera genitalia ; Infestation ; Biology ; Hyperspectral imaging ; Horticulture ; Botany ; Geography ; Remote sensing Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
Authors: Bo Niu | Tao Bai | Tianyi Shi | Xutao Wu | Xutao Han | Weifeng Liu
Source: Energies (article, 2024-10-14)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Initial Characteristics of Submillimeter Metal Particles in GIS under Impact Vibration As a critical component within power systems, Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) is notably susceptible to insulation degradation due to submillimeter metal particles, compromising its operational safety and stability. Moreover, impact vibrations induced by circuit breaker operations can dislodge particles that typically adhere to the interior walls, causing them to become airborne and thereby intensifying their movement and discharge activities. To investigate this phenomenon, this study establishes a testing platform where alternating current (AC) voltage is superimposed with impact vibration. A camera system, interfaced with an upper computer, is used to capture the real-time motion behavior of the particles. This study focuses on characterizing the initial movement of submillimeter metal particles of varying sizes under the influence of impact vibration by analyzing critical voltages, such as the initial lift-off voltage, stable jumping voltage, and extinction voltage. Furthermore, the effects of introducing large, centimeter-scale spherical metal and rubber particles on these initial characteristics are examined. The findings provide crucial insights into the initial behavior of submillimeter metal particles in GIS, particularly in relation to circuit breaker operations. Vibration ; Metal ; Environmental science ; Materials science ; Physics ; Acoustics ; Metallurgy High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Geophysical Methods and Applications ; Earthquake Detection and Analysis
Authors: Lu Zhang | Huayan Sun | Zhe Chen | Runfeng Tang | Jinxiao Yang | Weilin Li
Source: Sensors (article, 2024-07-25)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Design and Numerical Modeling of Terahertz Metasurface with Dual Functions of Sensing and Filtering This study proposes a dual-functional terahertz device based on the Dirac semimetal, serving as both a sensing element and a band-pass filter. The device's operating mode can switch between these two functions by utilizing the phase transition property of vanadium dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>). When VO<sub>2</sub> is in the insulating state, the device functions as a sensing element. The simulation results demonstrate an impressive refractive index sensitivity of 374.40 GHz/RIU (Refractive Index Unit). When VO<sub>2</sub> is in the metallic state, the device functions as a band-pass filter, exhibiting a center frequency of 2.01 THz and a 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 0.91 THz. The integration of these dual functionalities within a single terahertz device enhances its utility in both sensing and filtering applications. Terahertz radiation ; Dual (grammatical number) ; Computer science ; Terahertz metamaterials ; Electronic engineering ; Physics ; Optoelectronics ; Optics ; Acoustics ; Engineering ; Far-infrared laser ; Art Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling ; Radio Wave Propagation Studies