jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Abraham Kabutey | Oldřich Dajbych | A. Sedláček | Čestmír Mizera | D. Herák
Source: Foods (article, 2024-04-30)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Application of the Surface Regression Technique for Enhancing the Input Factors and Responses for Processing Coconut Oil under Vertical Compression This study optimized the input processing factors, namely compression force, pressing speed, heating temperature, and heating time, for extracting oil from desiccated coconut medium using a vertical compression process by applying a maximum load of 100 kN. The samples' pressing height of 100 mm was measured using a vessel chamber of diameter 60 mm with a plunger. The Box-Behnken design was used to generate the factors' combinations of 27 experimental runs with each input factor set at three levels. The response surface regression technique was used to determine the optimum input factors of the calculated responses: oil yield (%), oil expression efficiency (%), and energy (J). The optimum factors' levels were the compression force 65 kN, pressing speed 5 mm min<sup>-1</sup>, heating temperature 80 °C, and heating time 52.5 min. The predicted values of the responses were 48.48%, 78.35%, and 749.58 J. These values were validated based on additional experiments producing 48.18 ± 0.45%, 77.86 ± 0.72%, and 731.36 ± 8.04 J. The percentage error values between the experimental and the predicted values ranged from 0.82 ± 0.65 to 2.43 ± 1.07%, confirming the suitability of the established regression models for estimating the responses. Coconut oil ; Compression (physics) ; Regression analysis ; Regression ; Environmental science ; Statistics ; Agricultural engineering ; Food science ; Petroleum engineering ; Pulp and paper industry ; Mathematics ; Engineering ; Biology ; Materials science ; Composite material Coconut Research and Applications ; Food Chemistry and Fat Analysis ; Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
Authors: Yubo Zhang | Anton M. Graf | Alhun Aydin | Joonas Keski-Rahkonen | Eric J. Heller
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-11-27)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Planckian Diffusion: The Ghost of Anderson Localization We find that Anderson localization ceases to exist when a random medium begins to move, but another type of fundamental quantum effect, Planckian diffusion $D = α\hbar/m$, rises to replace it, with $α$ of order of unity. Planckian diffusion supercedes the Planckian speed limit $τ= α\hbar/k_B T,$ as it not only implies this relation in thermal systems but also applies more generally without requiring thermal equilibrium. Here we model a dynamic disordered system with thousands of itinerant impurities, having random initial positions and velocities. By incrementally increasing their speed from zero, we observe a transition from Anderson localization to Planckian diffusion, with $α$ falling within the range of $0.5$ to $2$. Furthermore, we relate the breakdown of Anderson localization to three additional, distinctly different confirming cases that also exhibit Planckian diffusion $D\sim \hbar/m$, including one experiment on solid hydrogen. Our finding suggests that Planckian diffusion in dynamic disordered systems is as universal as Anderson localization in static disordered systems, which may shed light on quantum transport studies. Diffusion ; Statistical physics ; Computer science ; Physics ; Quantum mechanics Material Dynamics and Properties ; Numerical methods in inverse problems ; Thermoelastic and Magnetoelastic Phenomena
Authors: Md. Fahim F. Chowdhury | Adi Jung | Lea La Spina | Ausrine Bartasyte | Samuel Margueron | Jayasimha Atulasimha
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-07-19)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Energy efficient coherent quantum control of nitrogen vacancy (NV) spin with nanoscale magnets We investigate coherent quantum control of a nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond with microwave fields generated from a nanoscale magnet that is proximal to the NV center. Our results show remarkable coherent control with high contrast Rabi oscillations using nearfield microwaves from shape anisotropic nanomagnets of lateral dimensions down to 200 nm x 180 nm, driven remotely by surface acoustic wave (SAW) excitation that is at least 400 times and potentially 4 orders of magnitude more energy efficient than generating microwaves with an antenna. Furthermore, we show that varying the acoustic power driving such nanomagnets can achieve control over Rabi frequency. We also report spin-lattice relaxation time T1 is 103 +/-0.5 micro-seconds, the spin-spin relaxation time T2 is 1.23+/-0.29 micro-seconds, and the Ramsey coherence time T2* is 218+/-27 nanoseconds measured using microwave pulses generated by such nanomagnets. The use of the nanoscale magnets to implement highly localized and energy efficient coherent quantum control can replace thermally noisy microwave circuits and demonstrate a path to scalable quantum computing and sensing with NV-defects in diamond and other spin qubits. Nanoscopic scale ; Magnet ; Quantum ; Spin (aerodynamics) ; Condensed matter physics ; Vacancy defect ; Coherent control ; Physics ; Molecular magnets ; Energy (signal processing) ; Quantum mechanics ; Materials science ; Magnetic field Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research ; Atomic and Molecular Physics
Authors: Carlos Lezaun | David Navajas | Iñigo Liberal | Miguel Beruete
Source: Physical review. B./Physical review. B (article, 2024-07-08)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Multiple absorption regimes in simple lithography-free structures leading to ultrathin slabs Electromagnetic absorbers serve as fundamental components for a wide range of applications, encompassing energy and heat management, sensing, and communications. In this study, we explore several complex permittivity combinations for lithography-free material-reflector and material-spacer-reflector configurations that lead to perfect absorption peaks across distinct permittivity regimes and varying thicknesses. We provide an extensive analysis of angle and polarization dependencies, specifically using silicon carbide as an illustrative example. Our findings reveal the potential for harnessing different absorption regimes within a single device, thus enabling the realization of multiband absorption capabilities. Furthermore, we demonstrate perfect absorption linked with extreme values of permittivity, and we find the conditions to get perfect absorption in ultrathin slabs. In addition, we carry out an analysis about the response at oblique incidence, and we identify a particular mode in the negative permittivity region and its hybridization with epsilon-near-zero modes at oblique incidence. This investigation serves as a valuable standardization of absorber design, offering insights to develop perfect absorbers for infrared applications such as thermal emission, communications, and sensing. Lithography ; Simple (philosophy) ; Materials science ; Absorption (acoustics) ; Optoelectronics ; Optics ; Nanotechnology ; Physics ; Composite material Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies ; Photonic Crystals and Applications
Authors: Ramratan Guru | Deepika Grewal | Jyoti Rani | Raúl Fangueiro | Sakthivel Santhanam
Source: Textile & Leather Review (article, 2024-09-03)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Investigating the Impact of Air Permeability and Thermal Properties on Rib Knit Structures Factors influencing the comfort and performance of knitted fabrics can be investigated to enhance the understanding and development of functional accessories. Issues related to the thermal regulation and moisture management of these materials are systematically explored in this research. Additionally, the effects of fibre type, yarn properties, fabric variables, and finishing methods are examined through the evaluation of physical properties relevant to the comfort of rib knit structures, particularly in sportswear design. 1x1 Rib knit 1structures were created using polyester spun, cotton spun, polyester filament, and viscose filament yarns with varying linear densities employing a KH-323N computerized flatbed knitting machine. Evaluations of physical properties, thermal characteristics, air permeability, antibacterial efficiency, and hydrophilic finish were conducted following ASTM standards and specific testing methods to thoroughly assess the quality and performance of the fabric. Significant insights into the physical and comfort properties of the fabrics were provided by the results. Varying thermal and air permeability characteristics were demonstrated by polyester-cotton and viscose-cotton fabrics. Thermal resistance and conductivity are influenced by filament denier, loop length, and knit structure, while these same factors affect air permeability. Air permeability is also impacted by finishing treatments, thereby highlighting the complex interplay between fabric properties and comfort. Advanced finishing techniques and novel fibre blends could be explored in future research to further optimize fabric comfort properties. Air permeability specific surface ; Composite material ; Materials science ; Permeability (electromagnetism) ; Thermal ; Chemistry ; Physics ; Meteorology Textile materials and evaluations ; Fiber-reinforced polymer composites ; Mechanical Behavior of Composites
Authors: Kumar Ghosh
Source: IOSR Journal of Polymer and Textile Engineering (article, 2024-08-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

An Investigation of Bursting Strength on Single Jersey Weft Knitted Fabrics This paper investigates the bursting strength performance of single jersey weft knitted fabrics. The objective of the study is to find out the impact of the yarn count ,stitch length , stitch density, fabric thickness, loop shape factor, tightness factor ,GSM and porosity on the bursting strength of the single jersey weft knitted fabric. The experimental results have been statistically evaluated with Analysis ofVariance (ANOVA) test , Results show thatstitch length , stitch density, fabric thickness, loop shape factor, tightness factor ,GSM and porosity areeffective on bursting strength and individual ANOVA test results show that stitch density , fabric thickness , tightness factor , GSM and porosity are Individually effective on bursting strength .the GSM parameter of the fabric is fundamental for bursting strength , the correlation relation and R square values of GSM with bursting strength found to be in order 0.839&amp; 0.9438 Bursting ; Composite material ; Materials science ; Forensic engineering ; Engineering ; Psychology ; Neuroscience Textile materials and evaluations ; Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers
Authors: Joe Mari Maja | Jyoti Neupane | Van Patiluna | Gilbert Miller | Aashish Karki | Michael W. Marshall | Matthew Cutulle | Jun Luo | Edward M. Barnes
Source: AgriEngineering (article, 2024-10-14)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Evaluating the Effect of Pulse Width Modulation-Controlled Spray Duty Cycles on Cotton Fiber Quality Using Principal Component Analysis The optimization of cotton defoliant application is critical for enhancing fiber quality and yield. This study aims to assess the impact of different defoliant duty cycles on cotton fiber quality by applying Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to High-Volume Instrument (HVI) data from two fields. Three duty cycles—20%, 40%, and 60%—along with a control treatment were evaluated. PCA was used to identify the key factors influencing cotton quality, with a focus on parameters such as fiber length, strength, and uniformity. The results revealed that the 40% duty cycle consistently produced the most stable and uniform cotton fiber quality across both fields, minimizing variability in critical parameters. In contrast, the 20% and 60% duty cycles, as well as the control, introduced greater variability, with the control treatment showing the most significant outliers. These findings suggest that a 40% duty cycle is optimal for balancing effective defoliation with high-quality cotton production. Future research should explore the robustness of the 40% duty cycle across different environmental conditions and investigate the integration of advanced technologies to further optimize defoliant applications. This study provides valuable insights for improving cotton production practices and ensuring consistent fiber quality. Duty cycle ; Pulse-width modulation ; Quality (philosophy) ; Fiber ; Modulation (music) ; Principal component analysis ; Pulse (music) ; Materials science ; Component (thermodynamics) ; Optics ; Composite material ; Mathematics ; Acoustics ; Physics ; Engineering ; Statistics ; Thermodynamics ; Electrical engineering ; Voltage Textile materials and evaluations ; Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Plant Surface Properties and Treatments
Authors: Gülyaz Al | Deniz Aydemir | Kıvanc Bakir
Source: Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi (article, 2024-04-03)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Poliüretan Köpük Esaslı Kavak Kompozit Panellerin Fiziksel ve Mekanik Özellikleri Sandviç paneller günümüzde otomotiv, inşaat, uçak gibi pek çok sektörde tercih edilen bir malzemedir. Bunun yanı sıra izolasyon malzemesi olarak pek çok alanda kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmamızda özellikle izolasyon alanında kullanılmak amacıyla ısı iletimi düşük olan poliüretan ve yüksek direnç özelliklerine sahip ahşap materyalden hem hafif hem de kullanım alanında istenen sağlamlığa sahip levhalar üretmektir. Çalışmamızda kaplama malzemesi olarak kavak paneller, köpük olarak poliüretan köpük kullanılmıştır. 1 cm, 3 cm ve 5 cm kalınlıkta poliüretan köpüğe 5 mm kavak panel kaplama kullanılarak sandviç paneller hazırlanmıştır. Bu panellerin bazı mekanik özellikleri (eğilme direnci ve basınç direnci), ısı iletkenlikleri ve fiziksel özellikleri incelenmiştir. Fiziksel özelliklerden su alma ve kalınlığına şişme özelliğine bakılmıştır. Test sonuçlarına göre 5 cm kalınlıkta poliüretan köpükle hazırlanan sandviç panellerin su alma ve kalınlığına şişme oranlarının daha düşük olduğu yani suya dayanımlarının daha iyi olduğu görülmüştür. Isı iletim katsayısı en yüksek sandviç panel 5 cm kalınlıkta poliüretan köpükle hazırlanan olup en düşük ısı iletim katsayısına sahip panel ise 3 cm kalınlıkta poliüretan köpükle hazırlanan panellerdir. Buna göre yalıtkanlığı en iyi olan sandviç paneller 3 cm kalınlıkta poliüretan köpükle hazırlanmış panellerdir. Mekanik test sonuçlarına bakıldığında ise mekanik olarak en iyi değerlerin genellikle 1 cm kalınlıkta poliüretan köpükle hazırlanmış panellerde olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Chemistry ; Physics ; Nuclear chemistry Textile materials and evaluations ; Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Building Energy and Comfort Optimization
Authors: Jackob Black | Ryan Premo | Robert K. Goldberg | Trenton M. Ricks | Troy Lyons | Han-Gyu Kim
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-03-17)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Multi-Scale Experimental Characterization for LS-DYNA MAT213 Modeling of Composite Structures under High Strain Rate Aerospace structures often experience high strain rate events such as ballistic impact, crash, or crush. A material model has been developed that enhances the capability to simulate the dynamic response of composite materials under these loading conditions. The material model has been implemented into the commercially available transient dynamic finite element code LS-DYNA as MAT213. The model can simulate the nonlinear deformation, damage, and failure that takes place in a composite under dynamic loading conditions. The specific goal of this work is to characterize the MAT213 input for the representative material. The specific composite material being examined consists of T700G unidirectional carbon fibers and a low-melt PolyArylEtherKetone (LMPAEK) thermoplastic resin system. It is formally referred to as Toray TC1225 LMPAEK T700G. As the initial part of this work, this paper is focused on characterizing the material parameters for the MAT213 deformation model based on results obtained from multi-scale experimentation. The effort concentrated on characterizing the in-plane material response suitable for use with thin shell elements. For shell elements within MAT213, tabulated stress-strain results from tension and compression tests in the longitudinal and transverse directions and in-plane shear tests are required. Due to the difficulty of measuring small strains in the transverse direction, a multi-scale testing method was developed. Macro-scale testing is performed per the typical ASTM methods while micro-scale testing uses a microscope along with smaller coupon sizes to obtain the smaller strains in the transverse direction of each test. For both testing methods, a VIC-2D camera and software for digital image correlation analysis are used. Using the DIC combined with each test fixture, reliable stress and strain data are collected. Composite number ; Characterization (materials science) ; Scale (ratio) ; Strain rate ; Strain (injury) ; Materials science ; Structural engineering ; Composite material ; Engineering ; Nanotechnology ; Biology ; Geography ; Anatomy ; Cartography High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior ; Mechanical Behavior of Composites ; Structural Response to Dynamic Loads
Authors: Sangeeta Kumari | Tim Causon
Source: ChemRxiv (preprint, 2024-02-29)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

CCSfind: A tool for chemically informed LC-IM-MS database building In addition to providing critical knowledge of the accurate mass of ions, ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) delivers complementary data relating to the conformation and size of ions in the form of an ion mobility spectrum and derived parameters; namely the ion’s mobility (K) and the IM-derived collision cross section (CCS). However, the maximum amount of information obtained in IM-MS measurements is not currently transferred into analytical databases including the full mobility spectra (CCS distributions) as well as capturing of additional ion species (e.g., adducts) into the same compound entry. We introduce CCSfind, a new tool for building comprehensive databases from experimental IM-MS measurements of small molecules. CCSfind allows predicted ion species to be chosen for input chemical formulae, which are then targeted by CCSfind after parsing open source mzML input files to provide a unified set of results within a single data processing step. CCSfind can handle both chromatographically separated isomers and IM separation of isomeric ions (e.g., “protomers” or conformers of the same ion species) with simple user control over the output for new database entries in SQL format. Files of up to 1 GB can be processed in less than 2 minutes on a desktop computer with 32GB RAM with computational time scaling linearly with the size of the input mzML file or the number of input molecular formulae. Results are manually reviewed, annotated with experimental settings, before committing the database where the full dataset can be retrieved. Database ; Computer science Analytical chemistry methods development
Authors: Samson Israel. Deta
Source: African Journal of Biomedical Research (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

HPLC Method Development and Impurity Profiling. Analytical And Process Development with Quality by Design. QbD is the systematic work in the process of constructing the pharmaceuticals by focusing on the aspects which will help in maintaining the quality while enabling process and product variability. HPLC is often employed in this context as an important analytical technique with regard to impurity profiling as well as method development. This article discusses the recent trends and practices regarding HPLC method development for impurity profiling within the context of the QbD framework, describing generic concepts, real examples, and prospectsIntroductionHPLC is one of the most important techniques that the pharmaceutical companies adopt for the separation, identification, and quantification of the various compounds. Analysis of impurities is critical for drug product safety and effectiveness. With the encroachment of the QbD, there is a paradigm shift in the method development to a more scientific and risk based thinking that puts emphasis on the critical quality attributes and the process parameters of concern.QbD Principles in HPLC Method DevelopmentDefine Quality Target Product Profile (QTPP): In every QbD process, the first thing is to outline the quality features of the end product especially in required or requested. In terms of HPLC performance, these parameters are, resolution, specificity, accuracy, and precision.**Identify Core Quality Attributes (CQAs) **(cont. to note CQAs for HPLC Method): Insensitivity to impurities, quantification release rate close to elution of two peaks, and injection volume in mp toughness may be parameters that could be the CQAs. Process development ; Profiling (computer programming) ; Impurity ; Quality by Design ; Chromatography ; Computer science ; Chemistry ; Process engineering ; Engineering Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography ; Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Jacek Abramczyk | Katarzyna Chrzanowska
Source: Materials (article, 2024-12-27)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Impact of Column Support Stiffness on the Mechanical Performance of Flat Frame Structural Systems Supporting Thin-Walled Folded Roofs This article presents a new parametric method for shaping flat transverse frame structural systems supporting thin-walled roofs made of flat sheets folded unidirectionally and transformed elastically to various shell forms. The parameterization was limited to one independent variable, that is the stiffness of the support joints. For different discrete values of simulated stiffness, the surface areas of the cross sections of the tensile and compressed elements and the section modulus of the bending elements were calculated so as to obtain the optimized work of the frame and its elements in the assumed load environment. The developed method allows for optimizing the work of frames considered as flat bar structural systems of building halls, taking into account the ultimate and serviceability limit states. The operation of the method is illustrated with an example concerning the formation of a flat frame working under a load characteristic for buildings located in a lowland area in a moderate climate. The authors intend to successively extend the method with new types of frame systems so as to obtain increasingly accurate and universal models defined by means of an increasing number of independent variables. These parameters are related to different forms and inclinations of columns and girders, and different external load types. The successive increase in the parameters defining the computational parametric model of the frame requires the use of increasingly advanced artificial intelligence algorithms to describe the static and strength performance of the buildings shaped, which makes the proposed method universal and the created structural systems effective in various external environments. Structural engineering ; Serviceability (structure) ; Stiffness ; Parametric statistics ; Structural system ; Girder ; Frame (networking) ; Computer science ; Engineering ; Mathematics ; Mechanical engineering Structural mechanics and materials ; Masonry and Concrete Structural Analysis ; Structural Analysis of Composite Materials