jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: V. G. Rao | Maheshvari Naidu | A. Kireeti | Vadde Anoosha | B. Neeraja | S. Sumitha | B. A. Jerard | Project Coordinator Cell, ICAR-AICRP on Palms, ICAR-CPCRI, Kasaragod, Kerala
Source: PLANT ARCHIVES (article, 2025-07-30)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

STEM BLEEDING IN COCONUT: UNRAVELING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, MOLECULAR DIALOGUES, AND SMART MANAGEMENT FRONTIERS – A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Stem Bleeding Disease (SBD) of coconut, primarily caused by Thielaviopsis paradoxa, is a major constraint in coconut cultivation across India and several tropical regions. The pathogen invades through wounds or natural cracks, thriving under high soil moisture and organic-rich soils. It produces a suite of enzymes, including polygalacturonases, cellulases, and pectinases, that degrade cell walls, leading to external bleeding, internal tissue maceration, canopy wilting, and nut drop. Coconut palms respond with limited accumulation of phenolics and lignin, yet these defenses are often insufficient. Recent research highlights the utility of enzyme-based treatments, such as chitinases and -1,3-glucanases, which curtail fungal spread and enhance host resistance. Nanotechnology-enabled delivery systems particularly chitosan-based azole formulations and biosynthesized silver or metal oxide nanoparticles offer targeted control with reduced environmental risk. Eco-compatible strategies involving salicylic acid signaling, organic acids, siderophore-producing rhizobacteria, and bioactive metabolites like harzianic acid have shown promise in suppressing T. paradoxa while promoting host recovery. This review synthesizes recent insights into pathogen biology, host-pathogen interactions, and sustainable management avenues for durable control of SBD in coconut Salicylic acid ; Thriving ; Agriculture ; Sustainable management ; Disease management Coconut Research and Applications ; Cocoa and Sweet Potato Agronomy ; Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
Authors: Davide Pettinari | Samuele Meschini | Raffaella Testoni
Source: Frontiers in Nuclear Engineering (article, 2025-11-07)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Assessment of structural materials in compact fusion reactor design The development of fusion energy systems demands structural components capable of withstanding extreme operational conditions, including intense neutron fluxes, high thermal and mechanical loads, and stringent requirements on neutron activation. Several structural materials have been proposed, such as nickel-based superalloys, reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steels, oxide-dispersion-strengthened alloys, SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composites, and vanadium-based alloys. While those materials have been extensively analysed for large tokamaks, no comparative studies exist on compact tokamaks. This work addresses this gap by considering an ARC-class tokamak as representative of compact design. The materials are evaluated based on the following criteria: power density deposition, absorption rate, TBR, energy multiplication factor within the breeding blanket, and displacement per atom. Numerical simulations were performed using the OpenMC Monte Carlo particle transport code to evaluate the neutronic behavior and activation characteristics of the selected structural materials. A simplified compact reactor model was developed using Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) to enable consistent and reproducible comparisons. ODS steels and vanadium-based alloys emerged as the most promising candidates for application in compact, high-temperature fusion devices. ODS steels combine low activation with favorable performance across all evaluated metrics, offering a balanced tritium breeding capability alongside good resistance to radiation damage. Vanadium-based alloys, in turn, exhibit very low hydrogen and helium production, minimal power density deposition, facilitating heat removal from the structural material, and activation levels significantly lower than those of conventional austenitic steels. Across all materials, the simulations predict TBR values in the range of 0.90–1.25, energy multiplication factors of between 1.12 and 1.18, and first structural layer power densities of over 7 MW/m 3 . In the most favourable cases, the shutdown dose rates fall below natural background levels in less than 50 years. Fusion power ; Structural material ; Tokamak ; Fusion ; Neutron ; Neutron transport ; Monte Carlo method ; Ceramic ; Work (physics) Fusion materials and technologies ; Nuclear reactor physics and engineering ; Nuclear Materials and Properties
Authors: Ari F. Fischer | Robert C. M. Querimit | Tej S. Choksi
Source: ChemRxiv (preprint, 2025-07-27)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

An Energy Descriptor Unifying Acoustic and Physicochemical Effects on Radical Yields in Ultrasonic Cavitation In water, ultrasound irradiation heats and pressurizes gaseous microbubbles resulting in spontaneous homolysis of H2O vapors to free radicals (e.g., •OH). Efficiently generating and utilizing these radicals requires a quantitative link between the energy used to power ultrasound waves and radical formation. This study establishes that link by quantifying the energy supplied to the bubble through compressive work, and the resulting distribution of that energy as internal energy. Work and internal energy changes are determined by simulating ultrasound-induced bubble expansion and compression. The amount of H2O vapor consumed and the total yield to radical products both increase linearly with the total internal energy change associated with chemical reactions, termed as the reaction energy. This linear trend persists across wide ranges of wave frequency (200-1100 kHz), wave pressure amplitude (1-10 bar), surface tension (20-72 mN m-1), and liquid density (700-1200 kg m-3). This reaction energy offers a unifying descriptor for the effects of wave and liquid properties—which govern bubble dynamics—on yields to useful radical initiators. Furthermore, a fractional decrease in liquid density or surface tension are found to produce a fractional increase in radical yield that is up to an order of magnitude larger, suggesting that substrates that lower these solution properties promote their own reactions in ultrasound reactors. Cavitation ; Ultrasonic sensor ; Acoustics ; Sonochemistry ; Energy (signal processing) ; Materials science ; Physics ; Mathematics ; Statistics Ultrasound and Cavitation Phenomena
Authors: Patrick Arpino | Michel Heninger
Source: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry (article, 2025-04-27)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Sonified Signals From a Compact FT‐ICR Instrument: A Feasibility Study. I—Data Mapping to an Equal‐Tempered Chromatic Scale It is possible to assign musical notes to unit mass resolution ions analyzed in a simple FT-ICR instrument and design simple didactic musical melodies. Ion ; Chemistry ; Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance ; Scale (ratio) ; Chromatic scale ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Physics ; Acoustics ; Quantum mechanics Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Time Series Analysis and Forecasting ; Music and Audio Processing
Authors: Eva Ramírez | Ana Lobo‐Prieto | Enrique Jacobo Díaz-Montaña | Ramón Aparicio-Ruı́z | Noelia Tena | M. T. Morales | Diego L. García‐González
Source: LWT (article, 2025-08-05)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Chemical and spectral profiling of the oil fraction in fried tomato sauces with distinct oil ingredients The type of oil used in the preparation of fried tomato sauce plays a relevant role in consumers' purchase decision. However, there is limited scientific information available on how to assess the quality and authenticity of the oils cited on the label, particularly once the oils are incorporated into a complex food matrix. In this study, oils were extracted from tomato sauces using physical methods aimed at preserving their original composition. The analyses of fatty acids and sterols revealed distinct profiles corresponding to each oil type. Although volatile compounds were transferred from the sauce to the extracted oils, the volatile profiles still reflected oil specific differences. Additionally, the extracted oils were characterized by spectroscopic techniques. ATR-FTIR spectrometry indicated varying degrees of oxidation, evidenced by high relative standard deviations in hydroperoxide (81.1%) and alcohol (76.9%) absorption bands. Furthermore, PARAFAC analysis of fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) identified two components: one associated with phenols and tocopherols and their oxidation products (λ ex /λ em 325/381 nm), and another linked to other oxidation products (λ ex /λ em 325/427 nm). While extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and sunflower oil samples exhibited similar emission spectra, their intensities differed notably. Overall, the analytical results confirmed that the oils matched those declared on product labels, supporting the reliability of consumer information and demonstrating the feasibility of oil characterization within processed food products. • The type of oil in fried tomato sauce influences consumer purchasing decisions. • Once in complex foods, it is difficult to verify oil quality and label authenticity. • Fatty acids, sterols, volatiles, FTIR and fluorescence spectra revealed the oil type. • Fluorescence spectroscopy with PARAFAC confirmed oxidation markers in the oils. • Results validated that the oils matched the product labels, enhancing consumer trust. Profiling (computer programming) ; Fraction (chemistry) ; Food science ; Chemistry ; Chromatography ; Computer science Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Edible Oils Quality and Analysis ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
Authors: Monireh Kazemi | Mandana Bimakr | Peymaneh Ghasemi Afshar
Source: Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion (article, 2025-07-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Impact of an Edible Blend Coating Composed of Chitosan, Carrageenan, and Starch Enriched with Berberis Vulgaris Alcoholic Extract on Oxidative, Physicochemical, and Sensory Attributes of Hamburger Patties Background: Hamburger patties are susceptible to quality deterioration due to oxidative spoilage.The current research evaluated the effect of edible blend coating of chitosan/carrageenan/starch (EBC) enriched with Berberis vulgaris alcoholic extract (BE) on hamburger patties' oxidative, physicochemical, and sensory characteristics.Methods: Anti-radical capacity of BE was determined by DPPH and H2O2 scavenging tests.Different EBC containing various concentrations of BE (1-3% w/v) was prepared.Weight loss (WL), pH, peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and sensory characteristics of hamburger patties were evaluated during 16 days of storage at 4 C.Results: The BE's DPPH and H2O2 scavenging activities were 52.5% and 46%, respectively.The oxidative stability of hamburger patties was improved using bioedible coating enriched with 2% w/v of BE (EBC/BE2).No significant differences were observed between the results of EBC/BE2 and EBC/BE3.Moreover, the implementation of EBC/BE2 prolonged the stability of the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the patties during 16 days of cold storage at 4 C.Conclusion: These results confirmed that BE is a valuable source of bioactive compounds possessing antiradical capacity.Furthermore, EBC/BE2 could be used as a coating material to decrease and postpone chemical and oxidative spoilage of hamburger patties by retarding moisture loss, reducing lipid oxidation, and eliminating dripping and discoloration. Carrageenan ; Food science ; Chitosan ; Starch ; Chemistry ; Pea protein ; Coating ; Biochemistry ; Organic chemistry Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging ; Botanical Research and Applications ; Microencapsulation and Drying Processes
Authors: M. S. Shaikh | Ayesha Ansari | Tooba Shaikh | Mohamed S. Ahmed
Source: International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews (article, 2025-09-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Detection of Food Adulterants in Turmeric, Coffee Powder and Milk by Physical and Chemical Methods The proposed study focuses on the detection of food adulterants in turmeric powder, coffee powder, and milk using physical and chemical methods.Various samples of the above-mentioned spices and milk samples were collected from Pune's local market.Both branded and unbranded (local products in slum areas) samples were selected to determine the possible adulterants and the qualitative differences between them.The tests were carried out by chemical analysis in most of the products and through visual inspection in a few of the products.After the tests, the products containing adulterants were identified in branded and unbranded food items.The present study aimed to create awareness in the public on the important subject of food adulteration and various simple methods available to detect food adulteration. Adulterant ; Milk products ; Food processing ; Food products ; Food contaminant Dye analysis and toxicity ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies ; Identification and Quantification in Food
Authors: Subrat Kumar Baral | Manjusha M. Thawre | Ratna Sunil Buradagunta | Ravikumar Dumpala
Source: Archives of Metallurgy and Materials (article, 2025-06-25)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Effect of Burnishing Load on Surface Roughness and Wear Behaviour of ZE41 Magnesium Alloy Magnesium (Mg) alloys have become an attractive choice for lightweight structural applications. However, improving the tribological characteristics of Mg alloys is essential to widen the range of applications. In the present work, ball burnishing was performed with different burnishing loads from 40 N to 80 N to investigate its effect on surface roughness, microhardness, and wear resistance. It was found that the 50 N burnishing load exhibits the best surface finish with a reduction of 46.2% in surface roughness compared to unburnished alloy. The highest microhardness was observed at 60 N load with an improvement of ~35.5%. Higher loads beyond 50 N resulted in increased surface roughness. Higher burnishing load caused surface distortion and flaking which decreased the microhardness beyond 60 N load. At 50 N burnishing load, better wear resistance with a reduction of ~40% was achieved compared to unburnished alloy. Improvement in surface finish and microhardness are responsible for better wear resistance. Worn surfaces exhibited abrasion, oxidation, and delamination wear mechanisms in the unburnished sample. Whereas, delamination wear was absent in the burnished specimen at 50 N burnishing load. Burnishing (metal) ; Materials science ; Metallurgy ; Magnesium alloy ; Surface roughness ; Alloy ; Magnesium ; Materials processing ; Industrial chemistry ; Surface finish ; Composite material ; Manufacturing engineering ; Engineering Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications ; Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties ; Tribology and Wear Analysis
Authors: David A. Middleton
Source: Molecules (article, 2025-02-06)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Conformational Analysis of Uniformly 13C-Labeled Peptides by Rotationally Selected 13Cα-13CH3 Double-Quantum Solid-State NMR Peptides are an important class of biomolecules that perform many physiological functions and which occupy a significant and increasing share of the pharmaceutical market. Methods to determine the solid-state structures of peptides in different environments are important to help understand their biological functions and to aid the development of drug formulations. Here, a new magic-angle spinning (MAS) solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) approach is described for the structural analysis of uniformly <sup>13</sup>C-labeled solid peptides. Double-quantum (DQ) coherence between selective pairs of <sup>13</sup>C nuclei in peptide backbone and side-chain CH<sub>3</sub> groups is excited to provide restraints on (i) <sup>13</sup>C-<sup>13</sup>C internuclear distances and (ii) the relative orientations of C-H bonds. DQ coherence is selected by adjusting the MAS frequency to the difference in the resonance frequencies of selected nuclear pairs (the rotational resonance condition), which reintroduces the dipolar coupling between the nuclei. Interatomic distances are then measured using a constant time SSNMR experiment to eliminate uncertainties arising from relaxation effects. Further, the relative orientations of C-H bond vectors are determined using a DQ heteronuclear local field SSNMR experiment, employing <sup>13</sup>C-<sup>1</sup>H coupling amplification to increase sensitivity. These methods are applied to determine the molecular conformation of a uniformly <sup>13</sup>C-labeled peptide, N-formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine (fMLF). From just six distance and six angular restraints, two possible molecular conformations are determined, one of which is in excellent agreement with the crystal structure of a closely related peptide. The method is envisaged to a useful addition to the SSNMR repertoire for the solid-state structure determination of peptides in a variety of forms, including amyloid fibrils and pharmaceutical formulations. Chemistry ; Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance ; Heteronuclear molecule ; Peptide ; Resonance (particle physics) ; Carbon-13 NMR ; Carbon-13 ; Peptide bond ; Coupling constant ; Crystallography ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Computational chemistry ; Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; Stereochemistry ; Atomic physics ; Physics Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications ; Solid-state spectroscopy and crystallography ; Muon and positron interactions and applications
Authors: Xuan Tian
Source: MedScien (article, 2025-12-19)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

From Nanotechnology to Targeted Therapy: Advances in Drug Delivery Systems Advanced drug delivery systems (ADDS) have transformed modern therapeutics by improving drug pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and safety profiles. Nanotechnology — including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), metallic nanoparticles, and nanoemulsions — enables controlled release, enhanced solubility, image-guided delivery, and active targeting[1] [2]. Clinical successes such as liposomal doxorubicin, albumin-bound paclitaxel, siRNA LNP therapeutics, and mRNA vaccines illustrate both the promise and translational challenges of nanomedicine[3][4][5][8]. This review outlines historical development, compares major nanocarriers and targeting strategies, highlights clinical case studies, addresses biological and regulatory barriers, and emphasizes emerging directions including stimuli-responsive systems, personalized nanomedicine, and computational design[6][7][9]. Opportunities and limitations for converting laboratory concepts into clinically relevant therapies are discussed. Nanocarriers ; Drug delivery ; Targeted drug delivery ; Nanomedicine ; Translational research ; Applications of nanotechnology ; Drug carrier Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics ; RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Authors: Figueiredo de Oliveira Aquino, Ivana | Silva Souza, Franscristhiany | Magalhães Paiva, Juan | Masako Bahia Yoshikawa, Thoya | Costa Louzeiro, Hilton | Cândida Sousa de Sant'Anna, Mikele | da Silva, Gabriel Francisco
Source: Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Biomedical potential and applications of fish collagen: an integrative literature review In view of the growing demand for sustainable and safe biomaterials, this integrative review study aims to investigate the biomedical applications of fish-derived collagen by analyzing studies published between 2019 and 2024. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched using descriptors from DeCS/MeSH (Fish, Collagen, Potential Biomedical, and Applications). The Research Rabbits tool was also used to assist in the selection of relevant journals. After rigorous application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 9 studies were selected. The studies indicate that fish collagen has promising potential with therapeutic advantages over traditional collagens, such as lower risk of contamination and allergic reactions, including wound healing, tissue regeneration, fabrication of hydrogels and collagen sponges for applications in biomedical devices. However, challenges remain related to the standardization of extraction methods and variability between fish species. It is concluded that, with the improvement of techniques and the overcoming of regulatory obstacles, the biomaterial can consolidate itself as a sustainable alternative for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Fish <Actinopterygii> ; Standardization ; Regenerative medicine ; Regeneration (biology) ; Biomaterial Collagen: Extraction and Characterization ; Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides ; Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
Authors: YerruKalyana Krishna | B. Karthikeyan | Devesh Kumar
Source: Acta Mechanica Malaysia (article, 2025-01-05)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

A SHORT REVIEW ON PROCESSING METHODS, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITES Natural Fiber Composites (NFCs) have gained significant attention in the past few decades across automotive and aerospace sectors. These fibers have the largescope to dominate the synthetic fibers in view of cost effectiveness, eco – friendly nature and better mechanical properties. However, the performance of these composites rely on fiber type, orientation, matrix material, reinforcement, weight fraction, processing methods etc. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive review on the mechanical performance of various natural composites highlighting different matrix – reinforcement combinations. Emphasis was also given w.r.t to challenges associated with the preparation and testing of composites. Effect of chemical treatments in view of improved mechanical properties is also discussed with regards to the durability. This review paper also gives the future directions and potential applications of NFCs in multiple fields for sustainable eco-friendly engineering. Aerospace ; Synthetic fiber ; Fiber ; Natural fiber ; Automotive industry ; Matrix (chemical analysis) ; Fiber-reinforced composite Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Fiber-reinforced polymer composites ; Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications
Authors: Gabriela Montes de Oca-Vásquez | José Roberto Vega‐Baudrit | Melissa Camacho | Diego Batista Meneses | Luis C. Murillo-Araya | Mary Lopretti | Nicole Lecot
Source: Preprints.org (preprint, 2025-05-27)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Dual-Route Nanocellulose Production from Pineapple Waste: A Comparative Environmental and Process Evaluation of Acid Hydrolysis and Bacterial Biosynthesis This study compares two methods for extracting nanocellulose from pineapple agro-waste: chemical hydrolysis using sulfuric acid, and bacterial biosynthesis via Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii. SEM, FTIR, and AFM characterized nanocellulose produced by both routes. A multi-criteria decision matrix was used to evaluate process efficiency, environmental impact, and operational complexity. The bacterial route showed advantages in water footprint (0.3 L vs. 14 L), purification simplicity (~2 steps vs. ~5), and waste safety (non-hazardous vs. highly corrosive). AFM analysis revealed thinner fibers in bacterial nanocellulose (~37 nm) compared to the chemical route (~70 nm). Radar chart visualization reinforced these findings. Results support bacterial biosynthesis as a more sustainable and scalable alternative for nanocellulose production from lignocellulosic residues. Nanocellulose ; Production (economics) ; Hydrolysis ; Biosynthesis ; Pulp and paper industry ; Chemistry ; Cellulose ; Dual (grammatical number) ; Process (computing) ; Waste management ; Environmental science ; Engineering ; Biochemistry ; Computer science ; Enzyme ; Economics Advanced Cellulose Research Studies ; Biofuel production and bioconversion