jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Eisaku Oho | Kazuhiko Suzuki | S. Yamazaki
Source: Scanning (article, 2021-11-15)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Highly Reliable Method to Obtain a Correlation Coefficient Unaffected by the SEM Noise Component for Examining the Degree of Specimen Damage due to Electron Beam Irradiation A correlation coefficient is often used as a measure of the strength of a linear relationship (i.e., the degree of similarity) between two sets of data in a variety of fields. However, in the field of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it is frequently difficult to properly use the correlation coefficient because SEM images generally include severe noise, which affects the measurement of this coefficient. The current study describes a method of obtaining a correlation coefficient that is unaffected by SEM noise in principle. This correlation coefficient is obtained from a total of four SEM images, comprising two sets of two images with identical views, by calculating several covariance values. Numerical experiments confirm that the measured correlation coefficients obtained using the proposed method for noisy images are equal to those for noise-free images. Furthermore, the present method can be combined with a highly accurate and noise-robust position alignment as needed. As one application, we show that it is possible to immediately examine the degree of specimen damage due to electron beam irradiation during a certain SEM observation, which has been difficult until now. Correlation coefficient ; Noise (video) ; Scanning electron microscope ; Covariance ; Similarity (geometry) ; Degree (music) ; Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient ; Covariance matrix ; Mathematics ; Optics ; Statistics ; Materials science ; Physics ; Image (mathematics) ; Acoustics ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques ; Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection ; Non-Destructive Testing Techniques
Authors: Anatolii Dudnikov | Olena Ivankova | Oleksandr Gorbenko | Anton Kelemesh
Source: Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies (article, 2021-04-20)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

Effect of vibration treatment on increasing the durability of tillage equipment working bodies This paper reports a study into the durability of tillage equipment working bodies. It has been established that the quality of surface layers during plastic deformation depends on a series of factors. These factors include the degree of hardening, the thickness of the hardened layer, the size and nature of the distribution of residual stresses. The study has shown that the technology to restore working bodies that involves vibration oscillations provides for higher durability. Investigation of deformed samples demonstrates that when exposed to vibration treatment, the microstructure is more fine-grained and even; the hardness of the treated surface of a ploughshare blade increases by 22‒35 %. This contributes to hardening the machined surface. It has been established that the tillage equipment working body wear is a random process, which is predetermined by changes in the structural dimensions and shape of cutting elements. An analysis of the wear distribution density of cutting elements has revealed its compliance with the law of normal distribution. It should be noted that the most influential geometric parameter of a working body affecting the part’s resource is the wear depth. This parameter determines the residual thickness of the ploughshare wall. Data from surface-layer studies at hardening make it possible to note a decrease in the limiting state of the examined parameters. In particular, the wear of a ploughshare tip was 17 % less than the limiting state. The study of durability has shown that the amount of tillage equipment working body wear is 1.28 times less when using vibrational plastic deformation. Accordingly, when restoring ploughshares, in order to increase the working bodies’ resource, it is more expedient to use a method that implies the welding of tires made from steel 45 involving sormite surfacing and vibration treatment Durability ; Materials science ; Vibration ; Hardening (computing) ; Residual stress ; Surface layer ; Limiting ; Composite material ; Tillage ; Microstructure ; Structural engineering ; Residual ; Mechanical engineering ; Mathematics ; Layer (electronics) ; Engineering ; Acoustics ; Physics Material Properties and Applications ; Surface Treatment and Coatings ; Engineering and Environmental Studies
Authors: Xiujie Dou | Silvania F. Pereira | Changjun Min | Yuquan Zhang | Peiwen Meng | H. P. Urbach | Xiaocong Yuan
Source: Measurement Science and Technology (article, 2021-04-27)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Determination of steep sidewall angle using polarization-sensitive asymmetric scattering Abstract The sidewall angle (SWA) of a nanostructure exerts influence on the performance of the nanostructure and plays an important role in processing nano-structural chips. It is still a great challenge to determine steep SWAs from far field measurements especially when the SWAs are close to 90°. Here, we propose a far-field detection system to determine steep SWA of a cliff-shape step structure on a silicon substrate by combining a split detector with a scanning method. The far-field radiation field is asymmetric due to the scattering of the step structure, and further numerical analysis demonstrates the reliability of this far-field measurement method. In the simulations, two key variables, i.e. the polarization state and the focus position of the incident laser beam, are considered to explore their impacts. By scanning over the structure laterally and longitudinally with both TE and TM polarizations, polarization effects on the far-field occur. These effects show higher sensitivity to steep SWA variation for TM polarization as compared to TE. Furthermore, with a comprehensive longitudinal scanning analysis for the TM polarization case, a feasible focus interval can be optimized to retrieve the steep SWA. As the proposed method is fast, highly sensitive and easy to implement, it provides a powerful approach to investigate the scattering behavior of nanostructures. Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Optics ; Scattering ; Materials science ; Nanostructure ; Detector ; Near and far field ; Silicon ; Optoelectronics ; Physics ; Nanotechnology ; Chemistry Optical Coatings and Gratings ; Advanced Surface Polishing Techniques ; Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis
Authors: Chilupuri Anusha | N. Krishna Jyothi
Source:  (article, 2021-12-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

A NOVEL NON-INVASIVE MEASUREMENT OF ENDOSPERM IN TENDER COCONUT USING MICROWAVES The system proposed to measure the quantity of endosperm (water, meat and oil) inside the coconut based on microwave technology using non-destructive and noninvasive methods. The special properties of the materials which undergo physical and chemical changes, can be identified by measuring the dielectric properties of endosperm inside coconut. Microwave sensors are used to determine the dielectric properties and their reactions. Here, in this scheme, coconut is kept inside the microwave resonator to know dielectric properties of liquid and solid endosperm. When the waves are incident on to the coconut, some amount of energy is transmitted, some reflected back towards the cavity and the remaining will be absorbed. Materials having different dielectric properties will resonate at distinct frequencies. The amount of absorption depends on material endosperm dielectric properties. Endosperm ; Microwave ; Dielectric ; Materials science ; Coconut oil ; Resonator ; Absorption (acoustics) ; Composite material ; Optoelectronics ; Chemistry ; Food science ; Computer science ; Telecommunications Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Coconut Research and Applications ; Food Drying and Modeling
Authors: Muhammad Zeeshan | Zamir Ahmed Abro | Abdul Malik Rehan | Ahmer Hussain Shah | Nazakat Ali Khoso | Syed Qutaba Bin Tariq
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2021-11-30)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Regressional Optimizations of Cotton Spun Yarn by Controlling its Process Parameters Yarn ; Process (computing) ; Process engineering ; Pulp and paper industry ; Materials science ; Mathematics ; Computer science ; Agricultural engineering ; Composite material ; Engineering Textile materials and evaluations ; Agricultural Engineering and Mechanization ; Plant Surface Properties and Treatments
Authors: Tahir Çetin Akıncı
Source: World Journal of Science Technology and Sustainable Development (article, 2021-07-28)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Determination of isolator damages in electric power transmission lines with continuous wavelet transform and multitape power spectrum density Purpose Detection of deformation of devices in high voltage electricity transmission line systems is an important issue in terms of economy and reuse. This study is aimed to detect devices that are deformed or thought to have suffered due to environmental and electrical reasons. Design/methodology/approach In this experimental study, it was ensured that the sound and deformed insulators used in energy transmission lines were determined by the analysis of the sounds obtained by using the impact method. Equal intensity impact was applied to the isolator using the pendulum and the resulting sound noise signal analyses were made using power spectral density (PSD), magnitude scalogram (MS), multitape power spectrum density (MPSD) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) methods in the study. In the analysis results, the isolators that are not visible to the eye and have certain damage were successfully separated from the intact insulators. Especially, MPSD and CWT analysis results are quite satisfactory. Findings Damage analysis of insulators used in electricity transmission lines has been made. A total of 40 insulators were examined in two categories in their group, both damaged and not damaged. Data collection system was established. The data obtained from the data collection system were analysed and compared using four analysis methods. PSD, MS, MPSD and CWT analyses were made in the study. All the analyses carried out generally contain features that distinguish damaged and undamaged insulators from each other, the most successful results are MS and CWT results. CWT results are very successful in terms of time and amplitude, and it has been proposed as a method that can be used to separate damaged and undamaged insulators. Originality/value It can be suggested as a result of experimental tests that the results of CWT analysis can be used in the pulse noise method in isolators to be tested for reuse in electrical power transmission lines. Acoustics ; Spectral density ; Wavelet ; Isolator ; Electric power transmission ; Transmission (telecommunications) ; Continuous wavelet transform ; Insulator (electricity) ; Wavelet transform ; Materials science ; Electronic engineering ; Engineering ; Electrical engineering ; Computer science ; Telecommunications ; Physics ; Discrete wavelet transform High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Power Line Inspection Robots ; Thermal Analysis in Power Transmission
Authors: Heet Patel
Source: International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology (review, 2021-08-18)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Digital Fuel Measuring Techniques: A Review Abstract: There have been significant advancements in gasoline metering technology during the last few years. In any event, a key difficulty that all drivers encounter is the inability to obtain volumetric data for the remaining gasoline level, primarily while refuelling the car or driving at reserved fuel levels. As a result, customers find up paying for fuel they don't have. This paper gives an overview of several approaches involving numerous sensors that have been designed to generate a consistent indication of the amount of fuel available. In this study, capacitive, potentiometric, fibre optic, electromagnetic, ultrasonic, and load cell sensors are explored. The aim of this study is to present a report on fuel monitoring strategies that rely on these six sensors. This investigation will aid other researchers working in this field in selecting a sensor for their project. Keywords: fuel measuring, capacitive, electromagnetic, potentiometric, fibre optic, ultrasonic, and load cell. Metering mode ; Capacitive sensing ; Automotive engineering ; Gasoline ; Ultrasonic sensor ; Computer science ; Environmental science ; Electrical engineering ; Mechanical engineering ; Engineering ; Acoustics ; Waste management ; Physics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems
Authors: Manuela Avădanei | Antonela Curteza | CARMEN BLEJAN | Ionuț Dulgheriu | Emil Loghin | Savin Dorin Ionesi | Cezar-Doru Radu
Source: Industria Textila (article, 2021-09-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Optimising the amount of base material used for manufacturing garments with creases, during their design stage The clothing and fashion industry is known as a wasteful industry. Despite its target, producing fashionable and beautiful items to fulfil the needs of different consumer categories consumes a considerable quantity of raw materials, energy, water, labour force, etc. Every year, natural resources become more limited, hard to find and expensive; in these terms, the producers are forced to find either alternative solutions to replace as much as they can the needed primary raw materials or to try to maximise their use (which means to reduce the quantity of waste) or to use the waste to produce other things. The consumption of raw materials is determined during the development stage of the new model: the designer analyses the sketch of the selected model, then establishes and applies the needed steps to design the model pieces, creates the 3D virtual or supervises the manufacturing process of the physical prototype to verify the design solution, applies changes after analysing the prototype if it is necessary, obtains the production patterns and then he/she is doing the markers to determine the consumption of raw materials for one item and the whole order. Garment models with creases, pleats or folds are the most challenging ones because the designer has to have the ability to understand and to evaluate the shadows or the number of grouped lines of the model into values of distances or angles, to be used to change the element surface for their realisation. In these cases, it is essential to balance what the model requires and the needed amount of raw materials to produce it. This paper proposes some variants of how to resize the surfaces of the elements for designing creases but with an optimal raw material consumption level. The results are based on the analysis of different men jacket models’, with straight silhouette and creases between the hemline and its hem band. Clothing ; Raw material ; Process (computing) ; Sketch ; Realisation ; Manufacturing engineering ; Computer science ; Industrial engineering ; Production (economics) ; Consumption (sociology) ; Order (exchange) ; Engineering drawing ; Architectural engineering ; Process engineering ; Operations research ; Operations management ; Engineering ; Business Textile materials and evaluations
Authors: Seyed Majid Nabipour Haghighi | Negar Motakef Kazemi
Source: Analytical Methods in Environmental Chemistry Journal (article, 2021-12-01)
Field: Chemistry — Electrochemistry

Separation and determination of lithium and manganese ions in healthy humans and multiple sclerosis patients based on Nano graphene oxide by Ultrasound assisted-dispersive -micro solid-phase extraction Lithium regulates the concentration of nitric oxide in the human body and a high dose of nitric oxide causes multiple sclerosis (MS). Also, the amount of manganese in the cerebrospinal fluid alters the metabolic reactions associated with MS. In this study, the mixture of the ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbonate (APDC), the hydrophobic ionic liquid [HMIM][PF6] and acetone coated on the surface of graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONPs) and used for separation Li and Mn in human samples by ultrasound assisted-dispersive-ionic liquid-micro-solid phase extraction technique (USA-DIL-μ-SPE) at pH 6.0. After extraction and back-extraction, the amount of lithium and manganese in the blood, serum and urine samples was determined by the flame and the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (F-AAS, GF-AAS), respectively. By optimizing parameters, the LOD, Linear ranges (LR) and preconcentration factor (PF) for Li and Mn ions were obtained (0.03 mg L-1, 0.25 μg L-1), (0.1-0.4 mg L-1, 0.08-1.5 μg L-1) and 10, respectively (%RSD&lt;5). The capacity adsorption of APDC/IL/GONPs and GONPs was achieved (148.5 mg g-1, 122.3 mg g-1) and (41.3 mg g-1, 33.7 mg g-1) for Li and Mn ions in a static system, respectively. This method was successfully validated by spiking samples and certified reference materials (CRM). Graphene ; Nano- ; Oxide ; Lithium (medication) ; Materials science ; Extraction (chemistry) ; Ion ; Ultrasound ; Manganese ; Nanotechnology ; Chromatography ; Chemistry ; Medicine ; Internal medicine ; Composite material ; Metallurgy ; Radiology ; Organic chemistry Electrochemical Analysis and Applications ; Extraction and Separation Processes ; Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
Authors: Manal R. Abd-Elhamied | Sherien ElKateb | Adel El-Geiheini
Source: Journal of Fiber Bioengineering and Informatics (article, 2021-01-14)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Analytical Study of Factors Affecting Yarn Coefficient of Mass Variation Estimated by Artificial Neural Networks Manufacturers aim to achieve the optimal quality, therefore, the evaluation of yarn parameters and the determination of factors that influence yarn quality is of great importance. The yarn coefficient of mass variation (CVm%) reflects the irregularity of the yarn which reflects the yarns' quality. This study investigates the parameters affecting the CVm% that was previously estimated using image processing and artificial neural networks. Yarn images and data were used as inputs into neural networks and CVm% was evaluated. In addition, two statistical methods were used which were: correlation and ANOVA to research the effect of yarn count, twist factor, blend ratio, and cotton type on CVm%. It was found that the yarn count and twist factor were the highest correlated parameters regarding CVm%. Artificial neural network ; Yarn ; Variation (astronomy) ; Coefficient of variation ; Materials science ; Mathematics ; Engineering ; Computer science ; Statistics ; Artificial intelligence ; Mechanical engineering ; Physics Textile materials and evaluations
Authors: Abdelghani Lakhdar | Aziz Moumen | Khalifa Mansouri
Source: Istrazivanja i projektovanja za privredu (article, 2021-12-31)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Experimental study of the mechanical effect of bio-loads on PVC recycling With the increase in plastic waste, recycling becomes an urgent necessity to reduce and revalue it. PVC is one of the most widely used types of plastic in the world, and indeed it is among the most recycled. The effect of recycling on PVC or any other type of material is to reduce these characteristics, which also depends on the method by which it is recycled. Finding a way to increase the recyclability number of PVC by improving the mechanical characteristics will be an addition at the level of scientific research as well as at the industrial level. The addition of a bio-loading in the form of cow horns, coconut or chicken feathers on the flexible PVC with an experimental study of the results obtained allow to deduce the most adequate bio-loaded material to improve the mechanical characteristics after recycling. The experiments carried out on flexible PVC have shown the effects of bio-loading as well as the degradation brought by recycling on this type of plastic. The results obtained showed an improvement in the mechanical properties of rigid and flexible PVC with a natural bio-loading with the three fibers of coconut, cow horns and chicken feathers which enhance the environment, are very light and can be collected directly from the waste with a large amount. Combustibility ; Feather ; Materials science ; Natural materials ; Degradation (telecommunications) ; Composite material ; Waste management ; Pulp and paper industry ; Environmental science ; Polymer science ; Engineering ; Chemistry ; Combustion Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties ; Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
Authors: Kenny Cetera | Zuraidah Said | Febrina Dellarose Boer | Indira Nurul Qomariah | Edi Suprapto | Sugeng Triyanto
Source:  (article, 2021-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

How Wood Identification Technologies Help Ensure Timber Legality in Indonesia This working paper elaborates on the reasons why illegal logging activities still exist in Indonesia despite the efforts that have been made by the government. This paper offers recommendations for tackling the misdeclaration of timber information. It aims to provide recommendations to the Government of Indonesia to strengthen the SVLK's role in ensuring timber legality and enforcing the law by applying science-based technologies as criminal evidence for illegal logging cases. Principle of legality ; Illegal logging ; Logging ; Government (linguistics) ; Business ; Identification (biology) ; Computer security ; Political science ; Law ; Forestry ; Geography ; Computer science Wood and Agarwood Research ; Identification and Quantification in Food ; Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
Authors: Universitas Lampung | Nevalen Aginda Prasetyo | Arif Surtono | Junaidi Junaidi | Gurum Ahmad Pauzi
Source: Journal of Energy Material and Instrumentation Technology (article, 2021-01-31)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Sistem Identifikasi Tingkat Kematangan Buah Nanas Secara Non-Destruktif Berbasis Computer Vision A computer vision-based non-destructive pineapple maturity level identification system has been realized. This research was conducted to create a system capable of identifying six indexes of pineapple maturity level. An artificial neural network is used as a classifier for the level of maturity pineapples. Artificial neural network input is a statistical parameter consisting of mean, standard deviation, variance, kurtosis, and skewness of RGB and HSV color models pineapple images. Statistical parameters of the color model with a Pearson correlation value greater than 0.5 were used to characterize pineapple images. A total of 360 pineapple images were used in the training process with a percentage of 75% of training data and 25% of validation data. An image segmentation process is applied to separate the pineapple image from the image background. The result of this research is a pineapple maturity level identification system consisting of software and hardware which is able to identify six indexes of pineapple maturity level with average accuracy value of 98,4%. Kurtosis ; Artificial intelligence ; Artificial neural network ; Computer science ; RGB color model ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Skewness ; Maturity (psychological) ; Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient ; Computer vision ; Mathematics ; Statistics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Face and Expression Recognition ; Smart Agriculture and AI