jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Zhen Wang | Zheming Fan | Xiang Li | Kai Xu | Runjie Yu
Source: Sensors (article, 2023-06-26)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Measurement of Magnetic and Magnetostrictive Characteristics of Transformer Core Based on Triaxial Strain Gauge and B-H Vector Sensor As is well known, the magnetostrictive phenomenon of electrical steel sheet is the main source of electricity in equipment such as transformers. The magnetostrictive characteristic of the actual transformer core is more complicated than that of single-sheet steel. The magnetostriction phenomenon of the transformer core cannot be fully understood by studying only a single piece of electrical steel, so it is necessary to study the local magnetic characteristics of the transformer directly. In this paper, two-limb, one-phase transformer core with a multi-step-lap construction was assembled, a laminated magnetostrictive testing system based on triaxial strain gauges was built, and the local magnetic characteristics were studied using a self-developed <b><i>B</i></b>-<b><i>H</i></b> vector sensor. The magnetostrictive and magnetic properties in different local regions were measured and analyzed under several magnetization patterns, and the influence of DC bias on the magnetostrictive property of the corner, yoke, and limb of the core was investigated. The influence of the position of the clamp on the magnetostriction of the transformer core was also studied. The magnetostrictive strain of the single sheet and laminated core was compared and discussed. The results showed that the strain caused by the interaction between laminations in this area can be effectively reduced when clamping in the middle of the yoke. Magnetostriction ; Transformer ; Strain gauge ; Magnetic core ; Electrical steel ; Materials science ; Magnetization ; Inverse magnetostrictive effect ; Magnetic field ; Acoustics ; Electrical engineering ; Composite material ; Engineering ; Electromagnetic coil ; Voltage ; Physics Magnetic Properties and Applications ; Non-Destructive Testing Techniques ; Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels
Authors: Lulu Wang | Jun Yu | Tao Zhang | Zhe Wang | Kunying Ding
Source: Coatings (article, 2023-09-15)
Field: Materials Science — Ceramics and Composites

Effect of Interface Curvature on Local Growth Behavior and Stress of Thermal Barrier Coatings It is well known that coating spalling often occurs between the top ceramic coating (TC) and the metal bonding coating (BC) during the working process where the thermal mismatch stress between the layers plays a key role. Dynamic changes in the thermally grown oxide (TGO) between the facing and bonding layers during thermal cycling increase the thermal mismatch at the interface. The effect of oxide thickening on localized mismatch stresses under thermal cycling with different interfacial curvatures is quantitatively investigated using numerical methods in this paper. A dynamic growth model of the oxide was developed based on the consideration of the composition and morphology of the thermally grown oxide. The results show that TGO growth behavior, local stress evolution, crack initiation location, and crack propagation length are influenced by the interface curvature at the same aspect ratio. The interface between the oxide layer and the bonding layer gradually developed significant tensile to dangerous stresses during thermal cycling. These tensile stresses are predominantly distributed at the crest during the early stages of thermal exposure and gradually transferred to the near-peak (the region near the peak) and ramp regions (the region in between the peak and the valley) as the oxidation process progressed. The crack initiation and propagation phenomenon can be observed at various regions during thermal exposure. Increasing interface curvature leads to an earlier dangerous stress moment in the ramp area due to higher maximum tensile stress. Therefore, the small changes in the interface curvature severely affected the location and time of crack initiation and the crack length. Materials science ; Temperature cycling ; Composite material ; Thermal barrier coating ; Curvature ; Oxide ; Spall ; Coating ; Stress (linguistics) ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Ceramic ; Thermal ; Forensic engineering ; Metallurgy ; Geometry Advanced ceramic materials synthesis ; High-Temperature Coating Behaviors ; Advanced materials and composites
Authors: Xin Li | Zhigang Zhang | Shengping Lv | Tairan Liang | Jianmin Zou | Taotao Ning | Chunyu Jiang
Source: Frontiers in Plant Science (article, 2023-11-08)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Detection of breakage and impurity ratios for raw sugarcane based on estimation model and MDSC-DeepLabv3+ Broken cane and impurities such as top, leaf in harvested raw sugarcane significantly influence the yield of the sugar manufacturing process. It is crucial to determine the breakage and impurity ratios for assessing the quality and price of raw sugarcane in sugar refineries. However, the traditional manual sampling approach for detecting breakage and impurity ratios suffers from subjectivity, low efficiency, and result discrepancies. To address this problem, a novel approach combining an estimation model and semantic segmentation method for breakage and impurity ratios detection was developed. A machine vision-based image acquisition platform was designed, and custom image and mass datasets of cane, broken cane, top, and leaf were created. For cane, broken cane, top, and leaf, normal fitting of mean surface densities based on pixel information and measured mass was conducted. An estimation model for the mass of each class and the breakage and impurity ratios was established using the mean surface density and pixels. Furthermore, the MDSC-DeepLabv3+ model was developed to accurately and efficiently segment pixels of the four classes of objects. This model integrates improved MobileNetv2, atrous spatial pyramid pooling with deepwise separable convolution and strip pooling module, and coordinate attention mechanism to achieve high segmentation accuracy, deployability, and efficiency simultaneously. Experimental results based on the custom image and mass datasets showed that the estimation model achieved high accuracy for breakage and impurity ratios between estimated and measured value with <i>R<sup>2</sup></i> values of 0.976 and 0.968, respectively. MDSC-DeepLabv3+ outperformed the compared models with mPA and mIoU of 97.55% and 94.84%, respectively. Compared to the baseline DeepLabv3+, MDSC-DeepLabv3+ demonstrated significant improvements in mPA and mIoU and reduced Params, FLOPs, and inference time, making it suitable for deployment on edge devices and real-time inference. The average relative errors of breakage and impurity ratios between estimated and measured values were 11.3% and 6.5%, respectively. Overall, this novel approach enables high-precision, efficient, and intelligent detection of breakage and impurity ratios for raw sugarcane. Breakage ; Pixel ; Artificial intelligence ; Cane ; Segmentation ; Mathematics ; Computer science ; Environmental science ; Materials science ; Chemistry ; Sugar ; Composite material ; Food science Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Smart Agriculture and AI ; Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection
Authors: Silvana Nisgoski | Joielan Xipaia dos Santos | Helena Cristina Vieira | Tawani Lorena Naide Acosta | Rafaela Stange | Washington Duarte Silva da Silva | Deivison Venício Souza | Natally Celestino Gama | Márcia Orie de Souza Hamada
Source: Sustainability (article, 2023-11-03)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Provenance Identification of Leaves and Nuts of Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Color Parameters for Sustainable Extraction The Brazil nut tree is considered symbolic of the Brazilian Amazon in function of its great importance, being one of the most significant extractivist products and a subsistence practice of the Indigenous people in many municipalities in Pará state. One of the main problems in different communities is related to the marketing process since it is not possible to distinguish the origin of the nuts and this causes inconvenience. The study evaluated the potential of VIS/NIR spectroscopy to identify the origin of leaves and nuts from Brazil nut trees growing in two indigenous villages, in the Xipaya Indigenous Lands, Pará state. Analysis was performed based on CIEL*a*b* parameters and using VIS (360–740 nm) and near-infrared spectra (1000–2500 nm). The samples were differentiated according to means tests, principal component analysis (PCA), and classification analysis based on k-NN. Color parameters and spectra were similar in both communities. Classification models based on k-NN produced adequate results for the distinction of villages in all evaluated situations, with accuracy of 98.54% for leaves, 89% and 90.91% for nuts with and without shell, respectively. Near infrared can be applied in forests as a technique for previous provenance identification and contribute to the subsistence and sustainable practice of extraction. Brazil nut ; Subsistence agriculture ; Indigenous ; Principal component analysis ; Nut ; Geography ; Identification (biology) ; Amazon rainforest ; Archaeology ; Agroforestry ; Environmental science ; Forestry ; Mathematics ; Botany ; Ecology ; Biology ; Statistics ; Engineering Heavy Metals in Plants ; Nuts composition and effects ; Isotope Analysis in Ecology
Authors: Dimosthenis Verginadis | Tryfon Iakovidis | Athanasios Karlis | M. G. Danikas | Jose A. Antonino‐Daviu
Source: Machines (article, 2023-02-04)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A Study on the Effectiveness of Partial Discharge Models for Various Electrical Machines’ Insulation Materials A vital component of electrical machines (EMs), which plays the most significant role in their reliable and proper operation, is their insulation system. Synchronous generators (SGs) are the most commonly used EMs in energy production and industry. Epoxy resin and mica are the predominant insulation materials for the SGs’ windings because their characteristics and properties are suitable for extending the lifetime of the insulation. Partial discharges (PDs) are both a symptom of insulation degradation, as they cause serious problems for insulation, and a means to identify possible insulation faults with offline and/or online PD tests and measurements. A comparison of three different equivalent circuit models of PDs occurring in different insulation materials (epoxy resin, mica, and a combination of these two) is presented in this paper. Different applied voltages and/or various geometries of voids are the factors investigated through simulations. The number of PDs, PD activity, and flashover voltages are examined in order to evaluate which of the aforementioned materials has the best reaction against PD activity. Partial discharge ; Epoxy ; Materials science ; Arc flash ; Electromagnetic coil ; Electrical treeing ; Voltage ; Insulation system ; Mica ; Composite material ; Degradation (telecommunications) ; Electrical engineering ; Reliability engineering ; Computer science ; Forensic engineering ; Insulator (electricity) ; Engineering High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation ; Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena
Authors: Honghua LI | Wanru DONG | Liang Wang | Zengchao Yang | Jiangtao Li
Source: Journal of Inorganic Materials (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Ceramics and Composites

Consistency of Silicon Nitride Powders Produced by Combustion Synthesis: Evaluation and Application The batch stability of ceramic powders is a core indicator that manufacturers of ceramic products are most concerned about, yet has long been undocumented.In this study, the similarity of Si3N4 powders produced in different batches was quantitatively evaluated by taking the combustion-synthesized Si3N4 powders as the sample.A system of powder performance evaluation parameters covering static physicochemical and dynamic flowability indices was firstly constructed.Then, all the performance data of Si3N4 powders in this parameter system were tested and obtained.Subsequently, the consistency evaluation data of Si3N4 powders were obtained using the cosine similarity method and the Euclidean distance method, respectively.The results show that both the cosine similarity and Euclidean distance based on this parameter system can reflect the similarity between batches of powders and quantitatively show the differences between them.The calculation results of the two methods are mutually verified.For powders judged to be dissimilar, differences in the process were traced to find the key link in the consistency control of Si3N4 powders-the raw silicon powder.For powders judged to be highly similar, they were classified as the same class.It provided a quantitative basis for the classification of different batches of silicon nitride powders.The "Powder Consistency Evaluation System" established in this work provides an effective evaluation tool and quantitative basis for batch stability (performance consistency) of silicon nitride powder product quality. Materials science ; Consistency (knowledge bases) ; Silicon nitride ; Combustion ; Nitride ; Silicon ; Chemical engineering ; Nanotechnology ; Optoelectronics ; Physical chemistry ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence Advanced ceramic materials synthesis ; Energetic Materials and Combustion ; Advanced materials and composites
Authors: Leonard Gura | Matthias Brinker | Patrik Marschalik | Florian Kalaß | Bettina Junkes | Heinz Junkes | Markus Heyde | Hans‐Joachim Freund
Source: Journal of Applied Physics (article, 2023-06-06)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

The real honeycomb structure—From the macroscopic down to the atomic scale The honeycomb’s eponymous structure is omnipresent in our every day lives. We want to provide some inspiration to perform structural analyses of these structures and to draw comparisons between them. In the present study, we detect honeycomb patterns and related complex network structures on different length scales ranging from macroscopic objects down to the atomic scale of 2D materials. In 2D materials, a subset of the honeycomb structure—the kagome lattice—is very interesting due to unique material properties. For structure detection, we developed a program written in Python. The program is very adaptable and provides a graphical user interface to modify the detected network interactively. With the help of this program, we directly compare honeycomb structures with atomic network structures. Both honeycombs and 2D atom networks can show local deviations from their characteristic hexagonal pattern. The structural deviations at the macroscopic scale and at the atomic scale are very similar. We provide additional structural analyses of every day objects and encourage everyone to use our software that is freely accessible. Python (programming language) ; Atomic units ; Honeycomb structure ; Honeycomb ; Lattice (music) ; Hexagonal crystal system ; Structural complexity ; Computer science ; Atom (system on chip) ; Scale (ratio) ; Materials science ; Computational science ; Statistical physics ; Crystallography ; Physics ; Artificial intelligence ; Chemistry ; Composite material ; Parallel computing Covalent Organic Framework Applications ; Radioactive element chemistry and processing ; Advanced Condensed Matter Physics
Authors: Nicholas R. Ellin | Ramón Alain Miranda‐Quintana | Boone M. Prentice
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2023-07-30)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Extended Similarity Methods for Efficient Data Mining in Imaging Mass Spectrometry Imaging mass spectrometry is a label-free imaging modality that allows for the spatial mapping of many compounds directly in tissues. In an imaging mass spectrometry experiment, a raster of the tissue surface produces a mass spectrum at each sampled <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:math>, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:math> position, resulting in thousands of individual mass spectra, each comprising a pixel in the resulting ion images. However, efficient analysis of imaging mass spectrometry datasets can be challenging due to the hyperspectral characteristics of the data. Each spectrum contains several thousand unique compounds at discrete <i>m/z</i> values that result in unique ion images, which demands robust and efficient algorithms for searching, statistical analysis, and visualization. Some traditional post-processing techniques are fundamentally ill-equipped to dissect these types of data. For example, while principal component analysis (PCA) has long served as a useful tool for mining imaging mass spectrometry datasets to identify correlated analytes and biological regions of interest, the interpretation of the PCA scores and loadings can be non-trivial. The loadings often containing negative peaks in the PCA-derived pseudo-spectra, which are difficult to ascribe to underlying tissue biology. Herein, we have utilized extended similarity indices to streamline the interpretation of imaging mass spectrometry data. This novel workflow uses PCA as a pixel-selection method to parse out the most and least correlated pixels, which are then compared using the extended similarity indices. The extended similarity indices complement PCA by removing all non-physical artifacts and streamlining the interpretation of large volumes of IMS spectra simultaneously. The linear complexity, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math>, of these indices suggests that large imaging mass spectrometry datasets can be analyzed in a 1:1 scale of time and space with respect to the size of the input data. The extended similarity indices algorithmic workflow is exemplified here by identifying discrete biological regions of mouse brain tissue. Mass spectrometry imaging ; Principal component analysis ; Similarity (geometry) ; Hyperspectral imaging ; Computer science ; Pixel ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectrum ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Artificial intelligence ; Visualization ; Biological system ; Data mining ; Chemistry ; Image (mathematics) ; Biology ; Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies ; Isotope Analysis in Ecology
Authors: Ling‐Jun Yang | Beier Ying | Sheng Sun
Source: International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering (article, 2023-10-14)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Broadband Polarization-Decoupled Metasurface for Generating Tailored Dual-Polarization Conical Beams Conical beam antenna plays a significant role in providing stable access to satellite signals for moving communication terminals. Although metasurfaces have been used to generate conical beams, most of them can only reflect conical beams with identically distributed and mirror-symmetric phase responses for left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization, which can hinder the dual-polarization applications of metasurfaces. In this study, a metasurface is designed to independently manipulate dual-polarized excitations in broadband. To achieve the broadband control of conical beams, broadband conditions for both geometric and propagation phases are developed. Differently, metasurface designed in this study consists of three types of distinguishingly shaped elements, which can provide more degree of freedom in dual-polarization broadband design. In addition, a design method is developed for metasurface to generate the cone angle tailorable conical beams. Via fabricating a metasurface following the proposed method, the designed metasurface is verified in theorem, simulation, and experiment that it can generate desired conical beams with tailored divergent angles and phase responses covering a bandwidth from 12.5 GHz to 17 GHz. Conical surface ; Broadband ; Optics ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Bandwidth (computing) ; Physics ; Circular polarization ; Materials science ; Computer science ; Telecommunications Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Antenna Design and Analysis
Authors: Raffaele Lamanna | Gerardo Baviello | Marcello Catellani
Source: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (article, 2023-03-09)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Spatially Correlated Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Profiles as a Tool for Precision Agriculture Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) profiling, sample georeferentiaton, and geostatistics are applied to evaluate the spatial variability of metabolic expression of durum wheat in fields managed by precision agriculture. Durum wheat at three different vegetation stages, grown in two different places of the Basilicata region, in Italy, is analyzed by NMR. The spatial variability, within each field, of metabolites, quantified by NMR, is evidenced by appropriate geostatistic tools through the definition of a suitable metabolic index. Metabolic maps are compared to highlight the effects of soil and farming strategies. Geostatistics ; Spatial variability ; Precision agriculture ; Agriculture ; Environmental science ; Soil science ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Biology ; Ecology ; Mathematics ; Physics ; Statistics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Soil Geostatistics and Mapping ; Remote Sensing in Agriculture
Authors: Lingxiao Qin | Haishan Cao
Source: Device (article, 2023-12-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Two ways to cool via passive sorption with atmospheric water Sorption ; Activated carbon ; Thermal ; Chemical engineering ; Salt solution ; Evaporative cooler ; Salt (chemistry) ; Membrane ; Process engineering ; Carbon fibers ; Salt water ; Materials science ; Environmental science ; Computer science ; Chemistry ; Environmental engineering ; Engineering ; Meteorology ; Organic chemistry ; Mechanical engineering ; Composite material ; Adsorption ; Physics Thermal properties of materials ; Adsorption and Cooling Systems ; Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies
Authors: Serdar Kaçamer | Ferzan Katırcıoğlu | Mehmet Budakçı
Source: BioResources (article, 2023-12-15)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Determining abrasion resistance of decorative coated wood-based panels using retinex model An Image Processing Based Scrub Tester (IPBST) was used to imitate the effect of household chemicals on furniture and decoration elements. For this purpose, 8 mm-thick, bright white, acrylic coated medium density fiberboard (MDF), polyvinyl chloride coated MDF, MDF lam ready-to-use sheets, and cellulosic, polyurethane, acrylic, and water-based paint applied MDF sheets were used. Carbon fiber patterned decorative coating was applied to the prepared sample surfaces using the water transfer printing and ultraviolet printing methods. The surfaces of the samples were scrubbed with various household chemicals in accordance with the Turkish Standard TS EN ISO 11998. In the image processing phase, the images before and after scrubbing were first converted to hue, saturation, and value color space. The relationship between the abrasion measurement method of the proposed IPBST and the abrasion data obtained from the stereo microscope device was examined using the Pearson Correlation analysis. The relationship between both abrasion test methods was positive, very strong, and significant (0.81). Thus, the IPBST can be used as an alternative to industrial test devices as it obtains similar data. Materials science ; Composite material ; Abrasion (mechanical) ; Textile ; Fiberboard ; Pulp and paper industry Textile materials and evaluations ; Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection ; Color Science and Applications