jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Mohammad Hany Yassin | Rana Lakys | Zein-Eddine Merouani | Adel Jumaah | Mohamad Farhat
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2025-02-11)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Performance analysis of palm tree microfibers in concrete This study investigates the effects of incorporating chemically treated Palm Tree Fronds (PTF) microfiber as a partial sand replacement in concrete. Concrete grades C28, C35, and C40 were evaluated with varying PTF contents ranging from 0 to 4% of sand volume. A total of 571 samples were tested using destructive and non-destructive methods to evaluate structural integrity and performance. The results revealed that PTF addition significantly enhanced workability across all grades, with higher PTF content improving slump values due to fiber-induced changes in rheological properties. Density decreased consistently, with reductions at 28 days ranging from 0.9 to 3.7% across grades, stabilizing at lower levels in higher-grade concrete. Compressive strength exhibited a linear decline with increasing PTF content, with reductions at 28 days ranging from 14.5 to 43.6% across grades, and tensile strength followed a similar trend, decreasing by 21.3% to 35.6%. Water absorption increased substantially, with an average rise from 10.6% at 1% PTF content to 51.2% at 4%, reflecting increased porosity. Thermal conductivity progressively decreased, with reductions averaging 26% to 33.6%, demonstrating enhanced insulating properties. Non-destructive tests indicated significant reductions in UPV and rebound numbers, correlating with increased fiber content and reduced matrix uniformity. SEM analysis revealed that PTF microfibers introduced porosity and microstructural discontinuities, contributing to the observed reductions in mechanical properties and increased permeability. Optimization analysis identified the optimal PTF content for balancing mechanical and thermal performance as below 1% for C28 and between 2.3% and 2.5% for higher grades. Consideration of a hybrid fiber mix, incorporating synthetic fibers such as steel, glass, or polypropylene, is recommended to compensate for the strength reduction associated with PTF addition. These findings demonstrate the potential of PTF-reinforced concrete for sustainable and energy-efficient construction, particularly in semi-structural applications. Palm ; Tree (set theory) ; Microfiber ; Computer science ; Composite material ; Mathematics ; Materials science Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete ; Innovative concrete reinforcement materials
Authors: Anca-Narcisa Neagu | Pathea Bruno | Claudiu-Laurentiu Josan | N. Waterman | Hailey Morrissiey | Victor Njoku | Costel C. Darie
Source: Proteomes (review, 2025-09-23)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

In Search of Ideal Solutions for Cancer Diagnosis: From Conventional Methods to Protein Biomarkers in Liquid Biopsy Cancer detection has made significant progress, moving from conventional methods to innovative, non-invasive or minimally invasive approaches aimed at improving early diagnosis, precision, and treatment outcomes. This review examines current and emerging diagnostic technologies, including liquid biopsy (LB), molecular biomarkers, and artificial intelligence (AI). LB analyzes biomarkers in bodily fluids, showing promise in detecting tumors at molecular levels, monitoring cancer progression, and predicting treatment responses. The assignment of specific proteoforms, often linked to tumor subtype, stage, and therapy resistance, adds another layer of diagnostic precision, offering valuable insights for personalized oncology. However, the clinical application of LB faces challenges related to sensitivity, specificity, tumor heterogeneity, and a lack of standardized protocols. Relatively high costs, complex result interpretation, and privacy concerns also hinder its widespread adoption in clinical practice. Despite these challenges, advancements in AI, nanotechnology, and multi-omics strategies offer opportunities to enhance cancer diagnostic accuracy. Future developments, including wearable biosensors and lab-on-a-chip technologies, could lead to personalized, real-time cancer detection with improved patient outcomes, potentially redefining cancer care and fostering a more proactive, patient-centered healthcare approach. Liquid biopsy ; Cancer ; Cancer therapy ; Cancer detection ; Cancer biomarkers ; Cancer treatment ; Patient care ; Biomarker Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics ; Advanced Biosensing Techniques and Applications
Authors: Van Patiluna | James S. Owen | Joe Mari Maja | Jyoti Neupane | Jan Behmann | David Bohnenkamp | Irene Borra‐Serrano | José M. Peña | James Robbins | Ana Isabel de Castro
Source: Remote Sensing (article, 2025-01-15)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Using Hyperspectral Imaging and Principal Component Analysis to Detect and Monitor Water Stress in Ornamental Plants Water stress is a critical factor affecting the health and productivity of ornamental plants, yet early detection remains challenging. This study aims to investigate the spectral responses of four ornamental plant taxa—Rosa hybrid (rose), Itea virginica (itea), Spiraea nipponica (spirea), and Weigela florida (weigela)—under varying levels of water stress using hyperspectral imaging and principal component analysis (PCA). Hyperspectral data were collected across multiple wavelengths and PCA was applied to identify key spectral bands associated with different stress levels. The analyses revealed that the first two principal components captured a majority of variance in the data, with specific wavelengths around 680 nm, 760 nm, and 810 nm playing a significant role in distinguishing between the stress levels. Score plots demonstrated clear separation between different stress treatments, indicating that spectral signatures evolve distinctly over time as water stress progresses. Influence plots identified observations with disproportionate impacts on the PCA model, ensuring the robustness of the analysis. Findings suggest that hyperspectral imaging, combined with PCA, is a powerful tool for early detection and monitoring of water stress in ornamental plants, providing a basis for improved water management practices in horticulture. Hyperspectral imaging ; Principal component analysis ; Ornamental plant ; Remote sensing ; Water stress ; Environmental science ; Computer science ; Geology ; Artificial intelligence ; Botany ; Biology Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement ; Remote Sensing in Agriculture
Authors: Gentil A. Collazos-Escobar | Nelson Gutiérrez-Guzmán | Henry A. Váquiro | J.V. García‐Pérez | Juan A. Cárcel
Source: Food and Bioprocess Technology (article, 2025-02-18)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms for the Computer Simulation of Moisture Sorption Isotherms of Coffee Beans Abstract Digital twin–based machine learning (ML) techniques can improve the control of the storage conditions of dried products, strengthening the classical water sorption isotherm–based approach by including additional process variables. In this study, water sorption isotherms of dried parchment and green coffee beans were experimentally determined at 25, 35, and 45 °C using the dynamic dew point (DDI) method. Experimental data (both coffee bean types and temperatures) were simultaneously modeled by means of three ML techniques, support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and artificial neural networks (ANN), with 75% of data used for model training and 25% for validation. The hyperparameters were identified by minimizing the mean square error (MSE). The ML model’s accuracy was addressed by a multiway ANOVA on the mean relative error (MRE), the coefficient of determination ( R 2 ), and the computation time (CT). The sorption isotherms were significantly ( p -value &lt; 0.05) affected by the type of coffee and the temperature. The SVM model provided the best fit (MRE &lt; 1% and R 2 &gt; 99%) in a reasonable CT (&lt; 13 s). These results revealed the potential of ML models as a robust tool for the fast prediction of the equilibrium moisture content, including additional variables such as the type of coffee stage (dried parchment or green) and temperature; this paves the way for their industrial-level implementation to assist storage management. Sorption ; Moisture ; Algorithm ; Adsorption ; Computer science ; Machine learning ; Environmental science ; Chemistry ; Physical chemistry ; Organic chemistry Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Food Drying and Modeling ; Freezing and Crystallization Processes
Authors: Shuhan Guo | Yifan Shao | Junjie Zhan | Jiaqi Yu | Yubo Wang | P. K. Choudhury | Hugo E. Hernández‐Figueroa | Yungui Ma
Source: Nanophotonics (article, 2025-01-16)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Polarization‐controlled metasurface for simultaneous holographic display and three‐dimensional depth perception Simultaneous optical display and depth perception are crucial in many intelligent technologies but are usually realized by separate bulky systems unfriendly to integration. Metasurfaces, artificial two-dimensional optical surfaces with strong light-matter interaction capabilities at deep subwavelength scales, offer a promising approach for manufacturing highly integrated optical devices performing various complex functions. In this work, we report a polarization-multiplexed metasurface that can functionally switch between holographic display and Dammann gratings. By tailoring the incidence polarization, the metasurface can display high-quality holographic images in the Fresnel region or project a uniform spot cloud nearly covering the entire 180° × 180° transmissive space. For the latter, a projection and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction experiment is conducted to elaborate the potential in retrieving 3D complex spatial information. The current results provide a prominent way to manufacture lightweight and highly-integrated comprehensive imaging systems especially vital for cutting-edge intelligent visual technologies. Holography ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Optics ; Holographic display ; Perception ; Materials science ; Physics ; Psychology ; Chemistry Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
Authors: Mikołaj Stańczak | Maciej Biały | Magdalena Hagner-Derengowska
Source: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry (article, 2025-04-30)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Ligament Cell Biology: Effect of Mechanical Loading Ligaments are biomechanically specialized connective tissues that maintain joint stability and guide motion under complex loading conditions. At the cellular and molecular levels, ligament homeostasis is governed by fibroblast-like cells (ligamentocytes) embedded in an intricately organized ECM composed predominantly of type I collagen, with contributions from type III collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins. These cells continuously sense and respond to mechanical stimuli-tension, compression, and shear-through mechanotransduction pathways involving integrins, focal adhesions, cytoskeletal remodeling, and mechanosensitive ion channels. Downstream signaling cascades, including MAPKs and PI3K/AKT, integrate biomechanical cues with growth factor and cytokine signaling to fine-tune gene expression, collagen fibrillogenesis, and ECM turnover. Distinct from tendons, ligaments must adapt to multidirectional loads, resulting in unique ECM compositions and cellular phenotypes. Appropriate mechanical loading maintains collagen alignment, promotes ECM integrity, and stabilizes the ligament cell phenotype. By contrast, insufficient or excessive load alters the molecular balance, triggering catabolic processes, inflammation, and disorganized ECM assembly. This delicate equilibrium also underlies the ligamentization observed in ACL graft remodeling, where controlled mechanical environments and molecular interventions accelerate the acquisition of ligamentous properties. Emerging insights into transcriptional and epigenetic regulation, growth factor-mediated cues, and cytokine-driven responses offer avenues to engineer ligament-like tissues and optimize recovery strategies. By leveraging molecular knowledge of cell-matrix interactions, growth factor profiles, and genetic/epigenetic modulators, clinicians and researchers can design tailored loading protocols, biomimetic scaffolds, and regenerative therapies. These approaches aim to restore ligament functionality, enhance graft integration, and prevent degenerative changes, ultimately improving patient outcomes in ligament injury repair and reconstruction. Cell biology ; Biology ; Cell ; Biochemistry Silk-based biomaterials and applications ; Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation ; Biochemical and Structural Characterization
Authors: Silvia Pisani | Aleksandra Evangelista | Luca Chesi | Stefania Croce | Maria Antonietta Avanzini | Rossella Dorati | Ida Genta | Marco Benazzo | Patrizia Comoli | Bice Conti
Source: Pharmaceuticals (review, 2025-02-11)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Nanofibrous Scaffolds’ Ability to Induce Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation for Soft Tissue Regenerative Applications Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have gained recognition as a highly versatile and promising cell source for repopulating bioengineered scaffolds due to their inherent capacity to differentiate into multiple cell types. However, MSC implantation techniques have often yielded inconsistent clinical results, underscoring the need for advanced approaches to enhance their therapeutic efficacy. Recent developments in three-dimensional (3D) bioengineered scaffolds have provided a significant breakthrough by closely mimicking the in vivo environment, addressing the limitations of traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Among these, nanofibrous scaffolds have proven particularly effective, offering an optimal 3D framework, growth-permissive substrates, and the delivery of trophic factors crucial for MSC survival and regeneration. Furthermore, the selection of appropriate biomaterials can amplify the paracrine effects of MSCs, promoting both proliferation and targeted differentiation. The synergistic combination of MSCs with nanofibrous scaffolds has demonstrated remarkable potential in achieving repair, regeneration, and tissue-specific differentiation with enhanced safety and efficacy, paving the way for routine clinical applications. In this review, we examine the most recent studies (2013-2023) that explore the combined use of MSCs and nanofibrous scaffolds for differentiation into cardiogenic, epithelial, myogenic, tendon, and vascular cell lineages. Using PubMed, we identified and analyzed 275 relevant articles based on the search terms "Nanofibers", "Electrospinning", "Mesenchymal stem cells", and "Differentiation". This review highlights the critical advancements in the use of nanofibrous scaffolds as a platform for MSC differentiation and tissue regeneration. By summarizing key findings from the last decade, it provides valuable insights for researchers and clinicians aiming to optimize scaffold design, MSC integration, and translational applications. These insights could significantly influence future research directions and the development of more effective regenerative therapies. Mesenchymal stem cell ; Regeneration (biology) ; Scaffold ; Regenerative medicine ; Tissue engineering ; Stem cell ; Cellular differentiation ; Cell biology ; Medicine ; Biology ; Biomedical engineering Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications ; Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine ; Mesenchymal stem cell research
Authors: Rudy Antoine | Laura Leprévost | S. Jünger | Séverine Zirah | Guy Lippens | Y. Li | Svetlana Dubiley | Françoise Jacob‐Dubuisson
Source: Microbial Genomics (article, 2025-07-31)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Multinuclear non-haem iron-dependent oxidative enzymes: landscape of their substrates, partner proteins and biosynthetic gene clusters Proteins of the multinuclear non-haem iron-dependent oxidative (MNIO) enzyme superfamily catalyse various modification reactions on the precursors of ribosomally synthesized post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). We recently identified two large families of MNIO-modified RiPPs called bufferins, which enhance bacterial growth under copper stress by chelating the excess metal ions. Here, we explored the diversity of potential MNIO substrates by performing extensive <i>in silico</i> studies. Analyses of MNIO-coding biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) identified various groups of putative precursors, most of which are characterized by specific Cys-containing motifs, throughout the eubacterial phylogenetic tree. The precursors of most MNIO-modified RiPPs harbour N-terminal Sec-dependent signal peptides, a rare feature among bacterial RiPPs. Some precursors are very long relative to those of typical RiPPs, indicating that MNIO enzymes could modify both peptide and protein substrates. We also identified a distinct family of integral membrane proteins with large predicted extra-cytoplasmic domains mostly found in <i>Actinomycetota</i>, frequently but not systematically associated with MNIOs. Most MNIO BGCs harbour genes coding for DUF2063 domain-containing proteins or structurally related proteins, serving as partners of the enzymes for precursor modification. We uncovered a correlation between the presence or the absence of Sec signal peptides in the precursors and the types of partner proteins of the MNIO enzymes. This study depicts the global landscape of potential MNIO-dependent natural products by unveiling groups of peptides and proteins genetically associated with MNIOs. It reveals a treasure trove of potential new RiPP precursors which likely represent a widespread bacterial strategy to deal with copper stress, and most likely other stresses, in natural environments. In silico ; Biochemistry ; Enzyme ; Gene ; Signal peptide ; Biology ; Peptide ; Chemistry ; Genetics ; Peptide sequence Metal-Catalyzed Oxygenation Mechanisms ; Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies ; Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Authors: Vladimír Mancel | Iveta Čabalová | Jozef Krilek | Çağrı Olgun | Mustafa Öncel | Önder Tor | Tomasz Szul | Grzegorz Woroniak | J. Piotrowska-Woroniak
Source: Polymers (article, 2025-04-07)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Utilization of Waste Rubber Materials After the End of Their Life Cycle in the Production of Three-Layer Particleboards—Physical and Mechanical Properties The aim of the article was to test new types of rubber-containing particleboards created from waste materials, which positively contributes to environmental protection, saving primary resources and reducing production costs. This article focuses on the study of three-layer particleboards made from wood particles (spruce non-treated beams) and waste rubber granulates (tires, mixture of seals and carpets, internal flammable cables, external non-flammable cables). Urea-formaldehyde glue, melamine-formaldehyde glue, paraffin emulsion, and ammonium nitrate were used as a binders and excipients in the manufacturing of particleboards. In the core layer of each particleboard, 10% of the weight was made up of rubber granulate. Physical properties (density, water absorption, thickness swelling) and mechanical properties (internal bonding strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, screw driving torque) were assessed from this perspective using current EN technical standards. According to the findings, the average densities of all particleboards were comparable to each other in a range from 0.692 to 0.704 g·cm<sup>-3</sup>. The lowest average water absorption and thickness swelling reached particleboards containing 10% of waste internal flammable cables, namely 32.79% for water absorption and 13.21% for thickness swelling. The highest average internal bonding strength reached particleboards without rubber filler and particleboards containing 10% of waste external non-flammable cables, namely 0.52 MPa for both types. The highest average modulus of rupture reached particleboards without rubber filler, namely 12.44 MPa. The highest average modulus of elasticity reached particleboards containing 10% of waste internal flammable cables, namely 2206.29 MPa, and the highest screw driving torque reached particleboards without rubber filler, namely 0.46 N·m for seating torque and 1.44 N·m for stripping torque. The results show that particleboards containing waste external non-flammable cables and particleboards containing waste internal flammable cables achieved comparable results to particleboards without rubber filler, which provides a good basis for a new way of utilizing this type of waste in the form of producing new wood-rubber composites. Natural rubber ; Materials science ; Production (economics) ; Layer (electronics) ; Waste management ; Composite material ; Engineering Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies ; Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials
Authors: Rosalba Tucci | Chiara Cevoli | Alessandra Bendini | S. Barbieri | Enrico Casadei | Enrico Valli | Tullia Gallina Toschi
Source: Foods (article, 2025-05-26)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Changes in the Volatile Profile, Fruity Flavor, and Rancidity in Virgin Olive Oils During Storage by Targeted and Untargeted Analytical Approaches The changes in monovarietal extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs), produced with olives grown under different agronomic conditions, were investigated by targeted and untargeted analytical approaches. Specifically, volatile molecules were monitored in oils just produced and stored for 6 and 12 months with two different packaging solutions. The targeted SPME-GC-MS method showed an increase in volatile markers of lipid oxidation. Moreover, more rapid analytical approaches, namely targeted HS-GC-IMS and untargeted FGC, were used to investigate volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These chromatographic methods, respectively, returned heatmaps and fingerprint profiles that were elaborated on by multivariate analysis. Exploratory principal component analysis performed on the data from VOCs allowed the clustering of samples based on the storage time. The quality of samples was also determined by a panel test. Furthermore, this study employed previously built models using partial least squares discriminant analysis to confirm the sensory classification of the stored samples. Based on these predictive models, all samples were confirmed as EVOO, except for one categorized as virgin (rancid according to the panel test). This classification was further supported by the SPME-GC-MS analysis, which revealed higher concentrations of lipid oxidation markers in this specific sample, in particular the (<i>E</i>)-2-heptenal reached a concentration twenty times higher than its odor threshold. In addition, five oils were inconsistently classified by the models and considered at risk of downgrading the commercial category after 12 months of storage. Odor ; Chemistry ; Food science ; Chemometrics ; Flavor ; Lipid oxidation ; Principal component analysis ; Chromatography ; Sensory analysis ; Olive oil ; Partial least squares regression ; Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry ; Linear discriminant analysis ; Mass spectrometry ; Mathematics ; Organic chemistry Edible Oils Quality and Analysis ; Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies