jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Wissuta Choeybundit | Thomas Karbowiak | Aurélie Lagorce-Tachon | Kittaporn Ngiwngam | Rafael Auras | Pornchai Rachtanapun | Duangjai Noiwan | Wirongrong Tongdeesoontorn
Source: Polymers (article, 2024-07-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Eco-Friendly Straws: A Fusion of Soy Protein Isolate and Cassava Starch Coated with Beeswax and Shellac Wax This research aimed to produce eco-friendly straws using soy protein isolate (SPI) and cassava starch (CS) at different ratios by the extrusion technique and by coating with beeswax and shellac wax. Three straw formulations (F) (F1: 24.39% SPI-24.39% CS; F2: 19.51% SPI-29.37% CS; and F3: 14.63% SPI-34.15% CS) were prepared, incorporating glycerol (14.6% <i>w/w</i>) and water (36.6% <i>w/w</i>). After extrusion and drying at 80 °C for 20 h, visual assessment favored F2 straws due to smoother surfaces, the absence of particles, and enhanced straightness. For the physical property test, the straws were softened in pH buffer solutions for 5 min. To simulate practical application, mechanical bending strength was studied under different relative humidity (RH) settings. Water absorption reduced the strength as RH increased. F2 straws outperformed other formulations in bending strength at 54% RH. For hydrophobic coatings, F2 was chosen. Beeswax- and shellac wax-coated straws displayed negligible water absorption and sustained their integrity for over 6 h compared to uncoated straws. This study shows that extrusion and natural coatings may make sustainable straws from SPI and CS. These efforts help meet the growing demand for eco-friendly plastic alternatives, opening up new options for single-use straws. Shellac ; Beeswax ; Absorption of water ; Wax ; Extrusion ; Materials science ; Starch ; Composite material ; Coating ; Food science ; Chemistry Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging ; Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
Authors: Irtiqa Shabir | Aamir Hussain Dar | Sobiya Manzoor | Vinay Kumar Pandey | Shivangi Srivastava | Rafeeya Shams | Kshirod Kumar Dash | Iqra Bashir | Ufaq Fayaz | V. Prithviraj | Punit Singh | Sarvesh Rustagi | Seema Ramniwas | R. Pandiselvam
Source: Journal of Food Processing and Preservation (article, 2024-03-22)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Advancements in Food Printing Technologies and Their Potential Culinary Applications: A Contemporary Exploration Food printing is a cutting-edge manufacturing technique that uses advanced printing methods such as binder jetting, extrusion-based printing, and inkjet printing to build an object layer by layer to achieve the required shape of food items such as chocolate and cheese. 3DFP (3-dimensional food printing) has the potential to combine delicate and easily degradable bioactive compounds and other functional elements into functional 3DFP food products, contributing greatly to the development of nutritious food. Many nations make different types of 3D food printers nowadays, creating specialty meals like space food, restaurants, elderly food, and floating food. Numerous benefits of 3DFP include the development of individualized food items with regard to taste and nutrition, the decentralisation of food production, the decrease of food waste, and commercial innovation. Based on the benefits of customizing current food to one’s taste and use, three-dimensional food printing technology can be applied to a variety of food categories. One of the reasons for the increase in research into this technology is the ability to produce modified products that are tailored to suit the taste preferences and specific nutritional demands of consumers. In this review, the industrial situation of 3DFP technology was examined along with recommendations for expanding the market for 3D-printed food in the new typical age. Food science ; Nanotechnology ; Chemistry ; Materials science Silk-based biomaterials and applications ; Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
Authors: A. Feichtmayer | Max Boleininger | J. Riesch | Daniel R. Mason | Luca Reali | T. Höschen | M. Fuhr | T. Schwarz‐Selinger | R. Neu | S. L. Dudarev
Source: Communications Materials (article, 2024-10-09)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Fast low-temperature irradiation creep driven by athermal defect dynamics Abstract The occurrence of high stress concentrations in reactor components is a still intractable phenomenon encountered in fusion reactor design. Here, we observe and quantitatively model a non-linear high-dose radiation mediated microstructure evolution effect that facilitates fast stress relaxation in the most challenging low-temperature limit. In situ observations of a tensioned tungsten wire exposed to a high-energy ion beam show that internal stress of up to 2 GPa relaxes within minutes, with the extent and time-scale of relaxation accurately predicted by a parameter-free multiscale model informed by atomistic simulations. As opposed to conventional notions of radiation creep, the effect arises from the self-organisation of nanoscale crystal defects, athermally coalescing into extended polarized dislocation networks that compensate and alleviate the external stress. Creep ; Materials science ; Irradiation ; Dynamics (music) ; Molecular dynamics ; Chemical physics ; Thermodynamics ; Condensed matter physics ; Composite material ; Nuclear physics ; Physics ; Chemistry ; Computational chemistry Fusion materials and technologies ; Nuclear Materials and Properties ; Ion-surface interactions and analysis
Authors: Min-Woo Choi | Ha‐Jun Sung | Bonwon Koo | Jongbong Park | Woo-Young Yang | Young-Jae Kang | Yongyoung Park | Yongnam Ham | Dong‐Jin Yun | Dong-Ho Ahn | Kiyeon Yang | Chang Seung Lee
Source: Advanced Science (article, 2024-06-20)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Mechanism for Local‐Atomic Structure Changes in Chalcogenide‐based Threshold‐Switching Devices Abstract Threshold‐switching devices based on amorphous chalcogenides are considered for use as selector devices in 3D crossbar memories. However, the fundamental understanding of amorphous chalcogenide is hindered owing to the complexity of the local structures and difficulties in the trap analysis of multinary compounds. Furthermore, after threshold switching, the local structures gradually evolve to more stable energy states owing to the unstable homopolar bonds. Herein, based on trap analysis, DFT simulations, and operando XPS analysis, it is determined that the threshold switching mechanism is deeply related to the charged state of Se–Se homopolar defects. A threshold switching device is demonstrated with an excellent performance through the modification of the local structure via the addition of alloying elements and investigating the time‐dependent trap evolution. The results concerning the trap dynamics of local atomic structures in threshold switching phenomena may be used to improve the design of amorphous chalcogenides. Chalcogenide ; Homopolar motor ; Amorphous solid ; Trap (plumbing) ; Materials science ; Nanotechnology ; Optoelectronics ; Chemical physics ; Crossbar switch ; Chalcogenide glass ; Computer science ; Chemistry ; Crystallography ; Physics ; Telecommunications Phase-change materials and chalcogenides ; Advanced Memory and Neural Computing ; Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials
Authors: Hang Li | Kunshan Gao | Huan Guo | Rongfeng Li | Guantian Li
Source: Polymers (review, 2024-08-24)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Advancements in Gellan Gum-Based Films and Coatings for Active and Intelligent Packaging Gellan gum (GG) is a natural polysaccharide with a wide range of industrial applications. This review aims to investigate the potential of GG-based films and coatings to act as environmentally friendly substitutes for traditional petrochemical plastics in food packaging. GG-based films and coatings exhibit versatile properties that can be tailored through the incorporation of various substances, such as plant extracts, microorganisms, and nanoparticles. These functional additives enhance properties like the light barrier, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial capabilities, all of which are essential for extending the shelf-life of perishable food items. The ability to control the release of active compounds, along with the adaptability of GG-based films and coatings to different food products, highlights their effectiveness in preserving quality and inhibiting microbial growth. Furthermore, GG-based composites that incorporate natural pigments can serve as visual indicators for monitoring food freshness. Overall, GG-based composites present a promising avenue for the development of sustainable and innovative food packaging solutions. Active packaging ; Food packaging ; Gellan gum ; Environmentally friendly ; Materials science ; Xanthan gum ; Shelf life ; Petrochemical ; Biochemical engineering ; Nanotechnology ; Food science ; Composite material ; Chemistry ; Biology ; Organic chemistry Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging ; Polysaccharides Composition and Applications ; Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life Management
Authors: Chengjie Luo | Yicheng Qiang | David Zwicker
Source: Physical Review Research (article, 2024-07-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Beyond pairwise: Higher-order physical interactions affect phase separation in multicomponent liquids Phase separation, crucial for spatially segregating biomolecules in cells, is well-understood in the simple case of a few components with pairwise interactions. Yet, biological cells challenge the simple picture in at least two ways: First, biomolecules, like proteins and nucleic acids, exhibit complex, higher-order interactions, where a single molecule may interact with multiple others simultaneously. Second, cells comprise a myriad of different components that form various droplets. Such multicomponent phase separation has been studied in the simple case of pairwise interactions, but an analysis of higher-order interactions is lacking. We propose such a theory and study the corresponding phase diagrams numerically. We find that interactions between three components are similar to pairwise interactions, whereas composition-dependent higher-order interactions between two components can oppose phase separation. This surprising result can only be revealed from the equilibrium phase diagrams, implying that the oft-used stability analysis of homogeneous states is inadequate to study these systems. We thus show that higher-order interactions could play a crucial role in forming droplets in cells, and their manipulation could offer novel approaches to controlling multicomponent phase separation. Published by the American Physical Society 2024 Affect (linguistics) ; Separation (statistics) ; Pairwise comparison ; Order (exchange) ; Phase (matter) ; Biological system ; Chemical physics ; Statistical physics ; Materials science ; Chemistry ; Computer science ; Physics ; Psychology ; Mathematics ; Artificial intelligence ; Statistics ; Business ; Communication ; Biology ; Organic chemistry Block Copolymer Self-Assembly ; Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies ; RNA Research and Splicing
Authors: Dávid Ugi | Kolja Zoller | Kolos Lukács | Zsolt Fogarassy | István Groma | Szilvia Kalácska | Katrin Schulz | Péter Dusán Ispánovity
Source: Materials & Design (article, 2024-01-23)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Irreversible evolution of dislocation pile-ups during cyclic microcantilever bending In single crystals, plastic deformations are predominantly governed by dislocation movement and interactions. The group of dislocations that creates strain gradients, known as geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs), also deterministically contributes to strain hardening, micron-scale size effects, fatigue, and Bauschinger effect. During bending large strain gradients naturally emerge which makes this deformation mode exceptionally suitable to study the evolution of GNDs. Here we present bi-directional bending experiment of a Cu single crystalline microcantilever with in situ characterisation of the dislocation microstructure in terms of high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR-EBSD). The experiments are complemented with dislocation density modelling to provide physical understanding of the collective dislocation phenomena. We find that dislocation pile-ups form around the neutral zone during initial bending, however, these do not dissolve upon reversed loading, rather they contribute to the development of a much more complex GND dominated microstructure. This irreversible process is analysed in detail in terms of the involved Burgers vectors and slip systems. We conclude that at this scale the most dominant role in the Bauschinger effect and corresponding strain hardening is played by short-range dislocation interactions. The in-depth understanding of these phenomena will aid the design of microscopic metallic components with increased performance and reliability. Bauschinger effect ; Materials science ; Dislocation ; Electron backscatter diffraction ; Microstructure ; Hardening (computing) ; Crystallography ; Substructure ; Strain hardening exponent ; Composite material ; Diffraction ; Plasticity ; Condensed matter physics ; Structural engineering ; Optics ; Physics Microstructure and mechanical properties ; Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications ; Nonlocal and gradient elasticity in micro/nano structures
Authors: Zheng Sun | Zhongde Shan | Hao Huang | Dong Wang | Wei Wang | Jiale Liu | Chenchen Tan | Chaozhong Chen
Source: Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering (article, 2024-07-05)
Field: Materials Science — Ceramics and Composites

Multi-scale Modeling and Finite Element Analyses of Thermal Conductivity of 3D C/SiC Composites Fabricating by Flexible-Oriented Woven Process Abstract Thermal conductivity is one of the most significant criterion of three-dimensional carbon fiber-reinforced SiC matrix composites (3D C/SiC). Represent volume element (RVE) models of microscale, void/matrix and mesoscale proposed in this work are used to simulate the thermal conductivity behaviors of the 3D C/SiC composites. An entirely new process is introduced to weave the preform with three-dimensional orthogonal architecture. The 3D steady-state analysis step is created for assessing the thermal conductivity behaviors of the composites by applying periodic temperature boundary conditions. Three RVE models of cuboid, hexagonal and fiber random distribution are respectively developed to comparatively study the influence of fiber package pattern on the thermal conductivities at the microscale. Besides, the effect of void morphology on the thermal conductivity of the matrix is analyzed by the void/matrix models. The prediction results at the mesoscale correspond closely to the experimental values. The effect of the porosities and fiber volume fractions on the thermal conductivities is also taken into consideration. The multi-scale models mentioned in this paper can be used to predict the thermal conductivity behaviors of other composites with complex structures. Microscale chemistry ; Materials science ; Thermal conductivity ; Representative elementary volume ; Composite material ; Void (composites) ; Finite element method ; Thermal ; Periodic boundary conditions ; Boundary value problem ; Microstructure ; Structural engineering ; Thermodynamics Advanced ceramic materials synthesis ; Composite Material Mechanics ; Mechanical Behavior of Composites
Authors: Lola Rabinovitch | Genesis Saturos | Paige McCallum | Honoria Kwok | Jeffrey Yan | Taylor Filewood | Robert B. Cody | Pamela Brunswick | Dayue Shang
Source: ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH (article, 2024-08-27)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Rapid analysis of spilled petroleum oils by direct analysis in real time time-of-flight mass spectrometry with hydrophobic paper sample collection Abstract Background Oil spills are widespread and can cause devastating environmental consequences. Rapid oil identification is critical to find the origin of the spill, monitor the environment, and lead to informed mitigation measures. The current standard methods in oil spill identification are precise and reliable, but require extensive sample preparation, long instrument runs, and time-consuming data processing. Direct analysis in real time time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DART-ToF MS) has been employed to screen for spilled petroleum oils, with results obtained in mere hours. The present study introduced an innovative, simple, and fast oil sampling method using hydrophobic filter paper and demonstrated its compatibility with DART-ToF MS analysis. Motor oils, jet fuels, marine diesels, crude oils, intermediate fuel oils, heavy fuel oils, and diluted bitumen were collected using the filter paper sampling method. Classification models were constructed from the spectral data by heat map inspection followed by principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC). Oil slicks and weathered oil slicks were prepared from five oil types, and samples from each slick were collected using filter paper. Results The filter paper technique allowed for effective oil sampling and data acquisition by DART-ToF MS for diluted source oils, oil slicks and weathered oil slicks. Classification via the constructed DAPC models indicated that the DART-ToF MS instrument in tandem with filter paper sampling and multivariate statistics can accurately identify common oil types, with significant improvement of sample collection and turnaround time. Conclusions The promising classification results, simple sample collection, and rapid data analysis illustrate the potential use of hydrophobic filter paper and DART-ToF MS as tools in managing large scale oil spill emergency situations. Racing slick ; Environmental science ; Principal component analysis ; Sampling (signal processing) ; Dart ; Petroleum ; DART ion source ; Fuel oil ; Sample (material) ; Filter (signal processing) ; Petroleum engineering ; Oil spill ; Chemistry ; Computer science ; Chromatography ; Waste management ; Geology ; Environmental engineering ; Engineering ; Artificial intelligence Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Oil Spill Detection and Mitigation ; Petroleum Processing and Analysis
Authors: Yumi Kwon | Jongmin Jacob Woo | Fengchao Yu | Sarah Williams | Lye Meng Markillie | Ronald Moore | Ernesto Nakayasu | Jing Chen | Martha Campbell‐Thompson | Clayton E. Mathews | Alexey I. Nesvizhskii | Weijun Qian | Ying Zhu
Source: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics (article, 2024-09-20)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Proteome-Scale Tissue Mapping Using Mass Spectrometry Based on Label-Free and Multiplexed Workflows Multiplexed bimolecular profiling of tissue microenvironment, or spatial omics, can provide deep insight into cellular compositions and interactions in healthy and diseased tissues. Proteome-scale tissue mapping, which aims to unbiasedly visualize all the proteins in a whole tissue section or region of interest, has attracted significant interest because it holds great potential to directly reveal diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. While many approaches are available, however, proteome mapping still exhibits significant technical challenges in both protein coverage and analytical throughput. Since many of these existing challenges are associated with mass spectrometry-based protein identification and quantification, we performed a detailed benchmarking study of three protein quantification methods for spatial proteome mapping, including label-free, TMT-MS2, and TMT-MS3. Our study indicates label-free method provided the deepest coverages of ∼3500 proteins at a spatial resolution of 50 μm and the highest quantification dynamic range, while TMT-MS2 method holds great benefit in mapping throughput at >125 pixels per day. The evaluation also indicates both label-free and TMT-MS2 provides robust protein quantifications in identifying differentially abundant proteins and spatially covariable clusters. In the study of pancreatic islet microenvironment, we demonstrated deep proteome mapping not only enables the identification of protein markers specific to different cell types, but more importantly, it also reveals unknown or hidden protein patterns by spatial coexpression analysis. Proteome ; Workflow ; Computational biology ; Label-free quantification ; Mass spectrometry ; Computer science ; Scale (ratio) ; Mass spectrometry imaging ; Chemistry ; Proteomics ; Chromatography ; Quantitative proteomics ; Biology ; Biochemistry ; Database Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics ; Cell Image Analysis Techniques
Authors: Julian Bender | Wignand W. D. Mühlhäuser | Johannes P. Zimmerman | Friedel Drepper | Bettina Warscheid
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2024-01-23)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Autoprot: Processing, Analysis and Visualization of Proteomics Data in Python Motivation The increasing numbers of complex quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics data sets demand a standardised and reliable analysis pipeline. For this purpose, Python-based analysis, particularly through Jupyter notebooks, serves as a simple yet powerful tool. Nevertheless, the availability of Python software for standardised and accessible MS data analysis is limited, and this software is often constrained to using analysis functions written in Python. This excludes existing and well-tested software, for example written in R. Despite this, Python offers several interactive data visualisation modules that greatly enhance exploratory research and facilitate result communication with collaboration partners. Consequently, there is a need for an integrated and Jupyter-compatible Python analysis pipeline that incorporates R algorithms and interactive visualization for proteomics data analysis. Summary We developed autoprot, a Python module for simplified analysis of quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics experiments processed with the MaxQuant software. It provides access to established functions written in both Python and R for statistical testing and data transformation. Moreover, it generates JavaScript-based interactive plots that can be integrated into interactive web applications. Thereby, autoprot offers standardised, fast and reliable proteomics data analysis while maintaining the high customisability required to tailor the analysis pipeline to specific experiments. Availability and Implementation Autoprot is implemented in Python ≥ 3.9 and can be downloaded from https://github.com/ag-warscheid/autoprot . Online documentation is available at https://ag-warscheid.github.io/autoprot/ . Python (programming language) ; Computer science ; Software ; Visualization ; JavaScript ; Programming language ; Exploratory data analysis ; Documentation ; Software engineering ; Data mining Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications