jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Utkay Dönmez | Duhan Soyşan KEBELİ
Source: Uluslararası Doğu Anadolu Fen Mühendislik ve Tasarım Dergisi (article, 2022-01-23)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Geri Dönüştürülmüş Polipropilen Nonwoven Teleflerin Spunbond Kumaşlarda Kullanılabilirliğinin İncelenmesi Hızla kullanım alanları ve kullanım miktarları artan polipropilen (PP) esaslı nonwoven (spunbond ve meltblown) kumaş teleflerinin, granül haline dönüştürülerek orijinal PP hammadde ile belirli oranlarda karıştırılarak yeniden üretime dâhil edilmesi sonucu elde edilen spunbond kumaşın mukavemet değerleri incelenmiştir. Öncelikle kırpıntı haline getirilen Spunbond-Meltblown kumaş telefleri, belirli oranlarda karıştırılarak granül elde edilmiştir. Recycle-PP1 telefinin eriyik akış indeksi (MFI) değeri 38 MFI olarak, Recycle-PP5 %50-%50 Spunbond-Meltblown telefi karışımının eriyik akış indeks (MFI) değeri ise 137 MFI olarak tespit edilmiştir. Recycle-PP1 granülü, %0-5 oranlarında orijinal hammadde ile karıştırılarak Spunbond kumaş elde edilmiştir. Kalite problemi görülmeden ve en verimli şekilde çalışılan en yüksek oran, %5 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Daha fazla miktarda geri dönüştürülmüş granül kullanımı kumaş hatalarına sebebiyet vermiştir. %5 katkılanarak üretilen spunbond kumaşların mukavemeti, hiç katkılanmayan kumaşın mukavemet değerine göre yaklaşık %24,5 oranında düştüğü görülmüştür. Çalışma ile birlikte, tespit edilen mukavemet değerlerine göre uygun sektörlere, geri dönüştürülmüş granül katkılı spunbond kumaşların kullanılabilirliği ortaya konmuştur. Materials science ; Physics ; Composite material Textile materials and evaluations ; Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies ; Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies
Authors: D.S. McLachlan | Godfrey Sauti
Source: Mathematics and Statistics (article, 2022-11-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Step, Ramp, Delta, and Differentiable Activation Functions Obtained Using Percolation Equations This paper presents two new analytical equations, the Two Exponent Phenomenological Percolation Equation (TEPPE) and the Single Exponent Phenomenological Percolation Equation (SEPPE) which, for the proper choice of parameters, approximate the widely used Heaviside Step Function. The plots of the equations presented in the figures in this paper show some, but by no means all, of the step, ramp, delta, and differentiable activation functions that can be obtained using the percolation equations. By adjusting the parameters these equations can give linear, concave, and convex ramp functions, which are basic signals in systems used in engineering and management. The equations are also Analytic Activation Functions, the form or nature of which can be varied by changing the parameters. Differentiating these functions gives delta functions, the height and width of which depend on the parameters used. The TEPPE and SEPPE and their derivatives are presented in terms of the conductivity (<img src=image/13428023_01.gif>) owing to their original use in describing the electrical properties of binary composites, but are applicable to other percolative phenomena. The plots in the figures presented are used to show the response <img src=image/13428023_02.gif> (composite conductivity) for the parameters <img src=image/13428023_03.gif> (higher conductivity component of the composite), <img src=image/13428023_04.gif> (lower conductivity component of the composite) and <img src=image/13428023_05.gif>, the volume fraction of the higher conductivity component in the composite. The additional parameters are the critical volume fraction, <img src=image/13428023_06.gif>, which determines the position of the step or delta function on the <img src=image/13428023_07.gif> axis and one or two exponents <img src=image/13428023_08.gif>, and <img src=image/13428023_09.gif>. Mathematics ; Differentiable function ; Percolation (cognitive psychology) ; Applied mathematics ; Mathematical analysis ; Pure mathematics ; Mathematical physics Graphene research and applications ; Chemical and Physical Properties of Materials
Authors: Naela Delmo | Arvin Paul P. Tuaňo | Ernesto del Rosario
Source: Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology (article, 2022-02-09)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Grain Size Distribution and Head Rice Yield of Some Rice Breeding Lines using Flat-Bed Scanning and Digital Image Analysis Rice grain quality evaluation is crucial in rice breeding and production of selected varieties. Characterization of rice grain fractions after milling is important; these include brown rice, milled rice, and head rice yield (HRY). The latter is the main determinant for the market price of rice. The present study aims to utilize image analysis as a tool for assessing HRY. Digital image analysis (DIA) was used to quantitatively determine HRY for eight selected rice breeding lines and the results were compared with those obtained by the conventional method of manual inspection (MI). Digital images of the rice grains were taken with a flat-bed scanner (FBS) and analyzed using free-access software (ImageJ). Areas of individual grains were determined, and percent grain area was calculated in terms of the ratio of actual-to-whole grain areas (AWGA). Size grain distribution plots were generated per breeding line, and those grains with values of the AWGA ratio greater than or equal to 75% were classified as head rice. The HRY value was calculated in percent-by-mass basis using the mass of 100 whole rice grains. Values of HRY obtained using DIA showed no significant difference compared to those obtained using the conventional method. This was done according to the paired samples t-test at 95% confidence interval, which showed a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.99). The DIA method showed good repeatability and reproducibility based on different precision parameters indicating its potential as a practical, inexpensive, and quantitative method for determining HRY of rice breeding lines. Digital image analysis ; Repeatability ; Brown rice ; Mathematics ; Yield (engineering) ; Digital image ; Grain yield ; Coefficient of determination ; Coefficient of variation ; Agronomy ; Correlation coefficient ; Statistics ; Image processing ; Materials science ; Artificial intelligence ; Image (mathematics) ; Biology ; Computer science ; Food science ; Computer vision ; Composite material Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Smart Agriculture and AI ; GABA and Rice Research
Authors: Wessam S. ElAraby | Ahmed H. Madian
Source: WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS (article, 2022-04-20)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Meta-heuristic Optimization Algorithms for Irradiated Fruits and Vegetable Image Detection Despite the food irradiation benefits, it isn’t accepted. Food irradiation is the process that exposed foodi to ionizationi radiation, suchi as electroni beams, X-raysi, or gammai radiationi to inactivate food spoilage organisms. This paper discusses the effect of radiation on the food images, how the food changes before and after taking the radiation dose, and how the PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) changes using different metaheuristic optimization algorithms. In this paper, Image Segmentation is based on three different metaheuristic algorithms used to detect the difference between before and after irradiation. The three algorithms are (1) PSOi (Particle Swarmi Optimization), DPSOi (Darwiniani PSO), andi FO-DPSOi (Fractional-Orderi DPSOi), (2) CS (Cuckoo Search), and (3) SFLA (Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm). The algorithms succeeded in discovering the effect of radiation on Green Apple, Cucumber, and Orange even if it is not visually recognized. Also, the histogram of the image shows the difference between before and after irradiation. Cuckoo search ; Food irradiation ; Algorithm ; Computer science ; Irradiation ; Artificial intelligence ; Histogram ; Metaheuristic ; Optimization algorithm ; Particle swarm optimization ; Mathematics ; Mathematical optimization ; Image (mathematics) ; Physics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Smart Agriculture and AI ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
Authors: Mohammad Amin Abazari | M. Soltani | Farshad Moradi Kashkooli
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2022-10-13)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Targeted Nano Sized Drug Delivery to Heterogeneous Solid Tumor Microvasculatures: Implications for Immunoliposomes Exhibiting Bystander Killing Effect ABSTRACT Targeted drug delivery to cancer cells utilizing antibodies against oncogenic cell-surface receptors is an emerging therapeutical approach. Here, we developed a computational framework to evaluate the treatment efficacy of free Doxorubicin (Dox) and immunoliposome at different stages of vascular solid tumors. Firstly, three stages of vascularized tumors with different microvascular densities (MVDs) are generated using mathematical modeling of tumor-induced angiogenesis. Secondly, the fluid flow in vascular and interstitial spaces is calculated. Ultimately, convection-diffusion-reaction equations governing on classical chemotherapy (stand-alone Dox) and immunochemotherapy (drug-loaded nanoparticles) are separately solved to calculate the spatiotemporal concentrations of different therapeutic agents. The present model considers the key processes in targeted drug delivery, including association/disassociation of payloads to cell receptors, cellular internalization, linker cleavage, intracellular drug release, and bystander-killing effect. Our results show that reducing MVD decreases the interstitial fluid pressure, allowing higher rates of the drug to enter the tumor microenvironment. Also, immunoliposomes exhibiting bystander-killing effect yield higher drug internalization, which supports a higher intracellular Dox concentration during immunochemotherapy. Bystander-killing effect alongside intracellular Dox release and persistence of immunoliposomes within tumor over a longer period lead to more homogeneous drug distribution and a much greater fraction of killed cancer cells than classical chemotherapy. Our findings also demonstrate drug transport at tumor microvascular networks is increased by decreasing MVD, leading to better treatment outcomes. Present results can be used to improve the treatment efficacy of drug delivery at different stages of vascular tumors. Bystander effect ; Internalization ; Drug delivery ; Intracellular ; Drug ; Doxorubicin ; Cancer research ; Drug carrier ; Targeted drug delivery ; Distribution (mathematics) ; Cancer cell ; Chemistry ; Pharmacology ; Cell ; Chemotherapy ; Medicine ; Cancer ; Immunology ; Cell biology ; Biology ; Internal medicine ; Biochemistry Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer ; Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth
Authors: Sophie Fisher | Raphaël Pestourie | Steven G. Johnson
Source: Physical review. A/Physical review, A (article, 2022-07-13)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Efficient perturbative framework for coupling of radiative and guided modes in nearly periodic surfaces Brute-force simulations are typically used to investigate coupling between radiative and guided waves in slowly varying photonic structures, but when these structures are large, such simulations become too cumbersome. Here, a semianalytical formalism is introduced that computes this coupling accurately and inexpensively, motivating its use in the design of large-area optical metasurfaces. Radiative transfer ; Physics ; Coupling (piping) ; Scattering ; Surface (topology) ; Computational physics ; Normal mode ; Ray tracing (physics) ; Classical mechanics ; Statistical physics ; Quantum electrodynamics ; Quantum mechanics ; Mathematics ; Geometry Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Electromagnetic Simulation and Numerical Methods ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research
Authors: Д.В. Гежа | А.Л. Мелконян | Д.А. Николаев
Source: МОРСКИЕ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ (article, 2022-06-09)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

Evaluation of the impact on the vibration parameters of the shafting of the stop force of the rotating propeller Для получения математической модели поставленной задачи использован разработанный авторами метод коррекции инерционно-жесткостных характеристик модели и внешней нагрузки. При реализации метода учет влияния дополнительных факторов, усложняющих картину вибрации (учет вращения винта и квазистатической силы его упора), осуществляется при расчете параметров вибрации квазиодномерной модели автоматически.Для созданной математической модели разработан алгоритм расчета параметров вибрации (на основе дискретного варианта метода парциальных откликов). Выведены формулы для парциальных откликов и парциальных параметров, необходимые при реализации предложенного алгоритма. Разработана соответствующая программа расчета параметров вибрации (амплитудные значения смещений, внутренних усилий и опорных реакций). Выполнена серия расчетов, позволивших оценить влияние вращения винта и силы его упора на параметры вибрации и собственные частоты валопровода реального объекта. The method for correction of inertia-stiffness characteristics of a model and external load, which was designed by the authors, is used to obtain the mathematical model for the given problem. Additional factors, that complicate the vibration picture (the propeller rotation and its quasi-static stop force), are taken into account automatically while the method is implemented for calculation of vibration parameters of a quasi-one-dimensional model.The calculation algorithm for vibration parameters (based on the discrete version of the partial responses method) was developed for the created mathematical model. Formulas for partial responses and partial parameters, necessary for the implementation of the proposed algorithm, were derived. The corresponding program for calculation of vibration parameters (the amplitudes of displacements, internal forces and support reactions) was developed. А series of calculations, which allow to evaluate the impact of the propeller rotation and its stop force on the vibration parameters and own frequencies of a ship shafting of a real object, were performed. Propeller ; Vibration ; Inertia ; Rotation (mathematics) ; Stiffness ; Amplitude ; Structural engineering ; Engineering ; Control theory (sociology) ; Computer science ; Acoustics ; Physics ; Classical mechanics ; Marine engineering Material Properties and Applications ; Engineering Diagnostics and Reliability ; Cavitation Phenomena in Pumps
Authors: Xiaoming Xue | Zhenan Chen | Haoqi Wu | Handong Gao
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2022-05-05)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Identification of Guiboutia species by NIR-HSI spectroscopy Abstract Near infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) spectroscopy can be a rapid, precise, low-cost and non-destructive way for wood identification. In this study, samples of five Guiboutia species were analyzed by means of NIR-HIS. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and support vector machine (SVM) were used after different data treatment in order to improve the performance of models. Transverse, radial, and tangential section were analyzed separately to select the best sample section for wood identification. The results obtained demonstrated that NIR-HSI combined with successive projections algorithm (SPA) and SVM can achieve high prediction accuracy and low computing cost. Pre-processing methods of SNV and Normalize can increase the prediction accuracy slightly, however, high modelling accuracy can still be achieved by raw pre-processing. Both models for the classification of G. conjugate, G. ehie and G. demeusei perform nearly 100% accuracy. Prediction for G. coleosperma and G. tessmannii were more difficult when using PLS-DA model. It is evidently clear from the findings that the transverse section of wood is more suitable for wood identification. NIR-HSI spectroscopy technology has great potential for Guiboutia species analysis. Hyperspectral imaging ; Support vector machine ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Linear discriminant analysis ; Artificial intelligence ; Identification (biology) ; Partial least squares regression ; Near-infrared spectroscopy ; Spectroscopy ; Computer science ; Sample (material) ; Biological system ; Mathematics ; Chemistry ; Chromatography ; Physics ; Machine learning ; Optics ; Botany Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Wood and Agarwood Research ; Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis
Authors: Waill A. Elkhateeb | Amtul Noor | Abid Rashid | Aamir Bilal | Ghulam Musharaf | Muhammad Akram | Kainat Zafar | Ghoson M. Daba
Source: International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis (article, 2022-08-02)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Current awareness and knowledge of olive oil The olive tree is an unpredictable formed tree, which grows up to 10 m in stature. The olive leaves are inverse and elongated molded. The leaves are dim green above and gleaming beneath. The white and relatively little olive blossoms are shaped on a year ago's wood. The run of the mill natural products or olives are ovoid formed and regularly pointed. This study aimed to see if health signals influenced consumers' decisions of olive oil with varying levels of information about the oil's beneficial characteristics. In order to accomplish this, a direct poll on the use of olive oil was conducted by looking at the expressed preferences of a sample of users. Two economically measured examinations were conducted to determine the factors that influence the use of high-polyphenol olive oil. Furthermore, the data demonstrate that varying levels of personal knowledge have a role in shaping olive oil customers' health perceptions. Finally, this study confirmed that consumers' selections are heavily influenced by their sense of self-coherence, even with healthful foods. As a result, different reasons and traits impact customers' knowledge or beliefs that shape their attitudes. Olive oil ; Olive trees ; Geography ; Agricultural science ; Food science ; Biology ; Horticulture Edible Oils Quality and Analysis ; Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity ; Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Genki Terashi | Xiao Wang | Daisuke Kihara
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2022-08-25)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Protein Model Refinement for Cryo-EM Maps Using DAQ score Abstract As more protein structure models have been determined from cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) density maps, establishing how to evaluate the model accuracy and how to correct models in case they contain errors is becoming crucial to ensuring the quality of structure models deposited to the public database, PDB. Here, we present a new protocol for evaluating a protein model built from a cryo-EM map and for applying local structure refinement in case the model has potential errors. Model evaluation is performed with a deep learning-based model-local map assessment score, DAQ, which we developed recently. Then, the subsequent local refinement is performed by a modified procedure of AlphaFold2, where we provide a trimmed template and trimmed multiple sequence alignment as input to control which structure regions to refine while leaving other more confident regions in the model intact. A benchmark study showed that our protocol, DAQ-refine, consistently improves low-quality regions of initial models. Among about 20 refined models generated for an initial structure, DAQ score was able to identify most accurate models. The observed improvements by DAQ-refine were on average larger than other existing methods. Benchmark (surveying) ; Data acquisition ; Computer science ; Protocol (science) ; Data mining ; Sequence (biology) ; Artificial intelligence ; Cartography ; Biology Enzyme Structure and Function ; Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications ; Protein Structure and Dynamics
Authors: Atsushi Hashimoto
Source: Japan Journal of Food Engineering (article, 2022-11-24)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Advanced Food Processing Technology Based on Optical Sensing Information 本研究では，食品や農産物の総合的な品質情報へのマルチバンド光センシング技術の応用および食品加工操作への電磁波の利用を目的とし，マルチバンド光センシングの多面的な特性とその食品加工プロセスへの応用の可能性に着目した．その結果，マルチバンド光センシング手法は，遺伝子発現や代謝関連物質などのミクロの生物情報と代謝によって発言する外観などのマクロの生物情報を結びつけるための計測手法として有効であることが示された．また，そのセンシング手法は，科学的かつ客観的な情報に基づいた食品加工への展開に可能なものと考えられた．さらに，乾燥，殺菌操作における電磁波利用に関する装置設計や操作条件決定に対して重要な指針を提示するとともに，新規食品加工法への展開が示唆された．以上より，本研究の成果は，マルチバンド光センシング情報に基づく高度な食品システムの開発に寄与できるものと考えられた． Computer science ; Remote sensing ; Geography Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
Authors: Kohei Arai | Yoshitomo Hideshima | Yuuhi Iwaki | Ryota Ito
Source: International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (article, 2022-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Method for Estimation of Oleic Acid Content in Soy Plants using Green Band Data of Sentinel-2/MSI A method for estimation of oleic acid content in soy plants using green band data of Sentinel-2/MSI: Multi Spectral Imager is proposed. Conventionally, vitality of agricultural plants is estimated with NDVI: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Spatial resolution of Near Infrared: NIR band of Sentinel-2/MSI for calculation of NDVI, however, is 20 m. Therefore, a method for estimation of vitality with only green band data of Sentinel-2/MSI is proposed here. Through regressive analysis with the satellite data as well as drone mounted NDVI camera data together with component analysis data by gas chromatography, it is found the correlation between NDVI and green band data of the optical sensor (MSI) onboard Sentinel-2 as well as the component analysis data. It is also found that the new variety of soy plant, Saga University brand: HO1 contains about 50% much oleic acid in comparison to the conventional variety of soy plant, Fukuyutaka. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ; Remote sensing ; Computer science ; Environmental science ; Oleic acid ; Vegetation (pathology) ; Leaf area index ; Geology ; Agronomy ; Botany ; Biology Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Remote Sensing and Land Use ; Remote Sensing in Agriculture
Authors: Yuxin Tang | Xingqun Ma | Shouju Wang
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2022-06-06)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Interpretable XGBoost-SHAP model predicts the nanoparticles delivery and reveals its interaction with tumor genomic profiles Abstract Understanding the complex interaction between nanoparticles (NPs) and tumors in vivo and how it dominates the delivery efficacy of NPs is critical for the translation of nanomedicine. Herein, we proposed an interpretable XGBoost-SHAP model by integrating the information of NPs physicochemical properties and tumor genomic profile to predict the delivery efficacy. The correlation coefficients were &gt; 0.99 for all training sets, and 0.830, 0.839, and 0.741 for the prediction of maximum delivery efficacy (DEmax), delivery efficacy at 24 h (DE24), and delivery efficacy at 168 (DE168) for test sets. The analysis of the feature importance revealed that the tumor genomic mutations and their interaction with NPs properties played an important role in the delivery of NPs. The functional profile of the NP-delivery-related genes was further explored through gene ontology enrichment analysis. Our work provides a method to accurately predict the delivery efficacy of NPs to heterogeneous tumors and highlights the power of simultaneously using omics data and interpretable machine learning algorithms for discovering the interaction between NPs and tumors, which is important for the development of precision nanomedicine. Nanomedicine ; Gene delivery ; Computational biology ; Nanoparticle ; Computer science ; Predictive power ; Delivery system ; Nanotechnology ; Chemistry ; Gene ; Biology ; Materials science ; Pharmacology ; Physics ; Genetic enhancement ; Biochemistry Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques ; RNA Interference and Gene Delivery