jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Fuzhen Pang | Yuxuan Qin | Haichao Li | Yao Teng | Qingtao Gong | Shoujun Wang
Source: REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE (article, 2021-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Study on impact resistance of composite rocket launcher Abstract The transient impact load during the launch of a rocket at sea threatens the safety of the launcher and the deck structure of the launch platform. In view of the impact resistance of the offshore rocket launcher system, this paper takes the real-scale rocket launcher system as the research object and establishes the analysis model of the fiber-reinforced composite rocket launcher based on the finite element method. Then, we explore the factors of the thickness by finite element simulation method and the angle and the position of IM7 fiber-reinforced composite, which influence the impact resistance property of the rocket launcher. The results show that the fiber-reinforced composite rocket launcher can effectively reduce the impact response of the structure and improve the impact resistance of the structure. The best laying scheme is to lay four layers of IM7 fiber material on both sides of the panels of the fixed bracket and the webs of the erector, respectively, with a single layer thickness of 0.75 mm and a laying angle of [90°/∓45°/90°]. Rocket (weapon) ; Finite element method ; Composite number ; Materials science ; Impact resistance ; Aerospace engineering ; Structural engineering ; Fiber ; Composite material ; Engineering High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior ; Energetic Materials and Combustion ; Rocket and propulsion systems research
Authors: Daiana V. Trapé | Olivia V. López | Marcelo A. Villar
Source: Bioresources and Bioprocessing (article, 2021-12-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Vinasse: from a residue to a high added value biopolymer This work aimed to study the feasibility of using vinasse for polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production by Bacillus megaterium. To optimize the culture medium, a Box-Behnken design was employed considering carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (Ph) concentrations as independent variables and PHB productivity as the response variable. The productivity decreased when C or N were increased, probably due to the presence of phenolic compounds and the limitation of N for the production of PHB by Bacillus sp. bacteria. An additional experimental design to optimize the C/N ratio and growing conditions (fermentation time and temperature) was carried out. Fermentation time had a statistically significant effect on PHB productivity reaching 10.6 mg/L h. On the other hand, the variability in physicochemical properties of vinasse samples led to significant differences in PHB productivity. Lower productivity values were obtained when vinasse had higher values of DBO. Therefore, biopolymers production from vinasse is a feasible alternative to valorize this bioethanol by-product. Vinasse ; Industrial and production engineering ; Fermentation ; Food science ; Pulp and paper industry ; Biopolymer ; Chemistry ; Productivity ; Biotechnology ; Biology ; Engineering ; Organic chemistry biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties ; Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization ; Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
Authors: Özcan Çataltaş | Kemal Tütüncü
Source: European Journal of Science and Technology (review, 2021-07-08)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

A Review of Data Analysis Techniques Used in Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Although the analysis of the structure of objects and the components that makeup them has been done for decades, it is one of today's research topics to do this analysis quickly and without damaging the sample. Near-infrared spectroscopy is used in many areas due to its non-contact measurement, fast analysis, and high accuracy features. Near-infrared spectroscopy is used in the classification or quality analysis of products, especially in the agriculture and food sector, due to the chemical bonds interacting in this region. The most critical part of achieving a successful result in near-infrared spectroscopy is pre-processing and analyzing the spectral data using the correct method. In this review, we perform a survey of recent studies that use near-infrared spectroscopy in food production and agriculture. Since there are many studies in this field in the literature, the survey is limited to cover works in the last five years. The review's main question is the pre-processing and data analysis methods used in these studies and the main features of these methods. Among the examined studies, the most frequently used pre-processing method was standard normal variate, and the most frequently used analysis method was partial least squares regression. In addition, the software tools and the spectrum range were also examined within the scope of the study. Spectroscopy ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Partial least squares regression ; Computer science ; Data processing ; Near-infrared spectroscopy ; Data science ; Machine learning ; Chemistry ; Optics ; Physics ; Database Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
Authors: Grace W. Muna
Source: Journal of Chemical Education (article, 2021-03-12)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Stimulating Students’ Learning in Analytical Chemistry through an Environmental-Based CURE Project This article reports on the implementation of a CURE project in an upper-level analytical chemistry course to engage a larger number of students in research at a primarily undergraduate institution (PUI). The lab course syllabus was modified to provide students with an opportunity to experience the process of conducting research through a project that was relevant to them personally and the community at large. Students carried out research using microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (MPAES) to correlate lead levels in soil with home location, source, and age. Students’ self-assessment and surveys suggest that implementing a research project that students can relate to leads to an increased level of mastering analytical skills and demonstration of a higher level of critical-thinking skills. Participation in the CURE project increased a desire and a commitment to engage in independent research and in communicating science through presentations. Syllabus ; Undergraduate research ; Critical thinking ; Mathematics education ; Chemistry ; Institution ; Medical education ; Process (computing) ; Higher education ; Psychology ; Pedagogy ; Sociology ; Computer science ; Medicine ; Social science ; Political science Various Chemistry Research Topics ; Career Development and Diversity ; Engineering Education and Pedagogy
Authors: Emmanuel Ren | François‐Xavier Coudert
Source: Faraday Discussions (article, 2021-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Thermodynamic exploration of xenon/krypton separation based on a high-throughput screening Nanoporous framework materials are a promising class of materials for energy-efficient technology of xenon/krypton separation by physisorption. Many studies on Xe/Kr separation by adsorption have focused on the determination of structure/property relationships, the description of theoretical limits of performance, and the identification of top-performing materials. Here, we provide a study based on a high-throughput screening of the adsorption of Xe, Kr, and Xe/Kr mixtures in 12 020 experimental MOF materials, to provide a better comprehension of the thermodynamics behind Xe/Kr separation in nanoporous materials and the microscopic origins of Xe/Kr selectivity at both low and ambient pressure. Krypton ; Xenon ; Nanoporous ; Physisorption ; Adsorption ; Separation (statistics) ; Materials science ; Chemistry ; Nanotechnology ; Physical chemistry ; Computer science ; Organic chemistry Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications ; Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Inorganic Fluorides and Related Compounds
Authors: Gyeong Cheol Park | Kwangwook Park
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2021-10-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Critically coupled Fabry–Perot cavity with high signal contrast for refractive index sensing Perfect absorption at a resonance wavelength and extremely low absorption at the wavelength range of off-resonance in a one-port optical cavity is required for refractive index (RI) sensing with high signal contrast. Here, we propose and analyze an absorption-enhanced Fabry-Perot (MAFP) cavity based on a critical coupling condition in a near-infrared wavelength range. For a one-port cavity, a thick bottom Au is used as a mirror and an absorber. To achieve the critical coupling condition, a top dielectric metasurface is employed and tailored to balance the radiation coupling and the absorption coupling rates, and the one-port cavity is theoretically analyzed using temporal coupled-mode theory. We investigate two types of MAFP structures for gas and liquid. The gas MAFP cavity shows a sensitivity of ~ 1388 nm/RIU and a full-width at half-maximum of less than 0.7 nm. This MAFP cavity resolves the RI change of 5 × 10<sup>-4</sup> with a reflectance signal margin of 50% and achieves a signal contrast of ~ 100%. The liquid MAFP cavity shows a sensitivity of ~ 996 nm/RIU when RI of liquid changes from 1.30 to 1.38. With tailoring the period of the metasurface maintaining its thickness, a signal contrast of ~ 100% is achieved for each specific RI range. Refractive index ; Materials science ; SIGNAL (programming language) ; Absorption (acoustics) ; Coupling (piping) ; Optics ; Resonance (particle physics) ; Contrast (vision) ; Sensitivity (control systems) ; Wavelength ; Port (circuit theory) ; Optoelectronics ; Physics ; Atomic physics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research ; Photonic Crystals and Applications
Authors: Se‐Yeong Park | Jong-Hwa Kim | Jong-Chan Kim | Sang-Yun Yang | Hwanmyeong Yeo | In-Gyu Choi
Source: BioResources (article, 2021-06-04)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Classification of softwoods using wood extract information and near infrared spectroscopy Three kinds of softwoods (Douglas fir, radiata pine, and Sugi) were used to test the possibility of their classification via near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. In a previous study, the authors presented that the content of Korean softwood extractives (larix, red pine, Korean pine, cedar, and cypress) influenced wood classification. For expanding the extent of wood species to be considered in the analysis, three foreign wood species were newly introduced. Prior to comparing the NIR spectra obtained from the three softwoods, principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to evaluate the possibility of discriminating the three foreign softwoods. The three species were also divided into three groups based on PCA, and a thin-layer chromatography (TLC) test improved the reliability of NIR-based wood classification via extractive contents. A similar pattern was obtained for alcohol-benzene eluted extractive compounds between same wood species. Softwood ; Radiata ; Hardwood ; Materials science ; Cypress ; Pinus radiata ; Pulp and paper industry ; Botany ; Chemistry ; Composite material ; Biology ; Engineering Wood and Agarwood Research ; Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis ; Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
Authors: Thuraya Almansoori | Majeda Salman | Mariam Aljazeri
Source: Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture (article, 2021-08-18)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Rapid and nondestructive estimations of chlorophyll concentration in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) leaflets using SPAD-502+ and CCM-200 portable chlorophyll meters Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the oldest known tree grown in the world’s arid regions. It has been cultivated for centuries because of its enormous cultural, agricultural, and environmental benefits. Recently date palm groves have been declined drastically due to anthropogenic, abiotic and, biotic stresses. Attaining sustainable farming and optimum crop production requires frequent monitoring of the physiological status of date palms. This demands rapid and non-destructive estimation of chlorophyll concentration in date palm leaflets overtime. In this study, four date palm cultivars, exhibiting distinct concentrations of chlorophyll, were used to assess the potential of using SPAD-502+ and CCM-200 portable chlorophyll meters to estimate the concentration of chlorophyll in date palm leaflets. Regression analyses were performed to model the relationship between the absolute concentration of chlorophyll measured in vitro and the optic indices of the two portable chlorophyll meters (SPAD and CCI). The results revealed that polynomial and power prediction models, which demonstrated remarkably close fits to each another, are the best functions to parameterize the relationships. The calibration models developed in this study were very strong and recorded high coefficient of determinations along with low relative errors for both the cultivar-specific fits (R2 ≥ 0.89; Error % ≤ 18.3) as well as the generic species-specific fits (R2 ≥ 0.822; Error % ≤ 25.0). The results confirmed that both SPAD-502+ and CCM-200 are equally effective tools for rapid and nondestructive estimation of chlorophyll concentration in date palm leaflets.&#x0D; Phoenix dactylifera ; Palm ; Chlorophyll ; Environmental science ; Cultivar ; Chlorophyll a ; Horticulture ; Mathematics ; Botany ; Biology ; Physics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Date Palm Research Studies ; Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
Authors: Wilson Cesar Sant’Ana | Germano Lambert‐Torres | Erik Leandro Bonaldi | Bruno Renó Gama | Tiago Gonçalves Zacarias | Isac Antônio dos Santos Areias | Daniel de Almeida Arantes | Frederico de Oliveira Assunção | Mateus Mendes Campos | Fábio Monteiro Steiner
Source: Sensors (article, 2021-12-02)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Online Frequency Response Analysis of Electric Machinery through an Active Coupling System Based on Power Electronics This paper presents an innovative concept for the online application of Frequency Response Analysis (FRA). FRA is a well known technique that is applied to detect damage in electric machinery. As an offline technique, the machine under testing has to be removed from service-which may cause loss of production. Experimental adaptations of FRA to online operation are usually based on the use of passive high pass coupling-which, ideally, should provide attenuation to the grid voltage, and at the same time, allow the high frequency FRA signals to be injected at the machine. In practice, however, the passive coupling results in a trade-off between the required attenuation and the useful area obtained at the FRA spectra. This paper proposes the use of an active coupling system, based on power electronics, in order to cancel the grid voltage at the terminals of FRA equipment and allow its safe connection to an energized machine. The paper presents the basic concepts of FRA and the issue of online measurements. It also presents basic concepts about power electronics converters and the operating principles of the Modular Multilevel Converter, which enables the generation of an output voltage with low THD, which is important for tracking the grid voltage with minimum error. Power electronics ; Converters ; Coupling (piping) ; Electronic engineering ; Electronics ; Grid ; Engineering ; Modular design ; Electrical engineering ; Voltage ; Total harmonic distortion ; Computer science ; Mechanical engineering Magnetic Properties and Applications ; Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies ; High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena
Authors: Xiaowen Shi | Lijun Yao | Tao Pan
Source: Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection (article, 2021-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy with Multi-Parameters Optimization of Savitzky-Golay Smoothing Applied to Rapid Analysis of Soil Cr Content of Pearl River Delta Using visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy combined with partial least squares (PLS) regression, the rapid reagent-free analysis model for chromium (Cr) content in tideland reclamation soil in the Pearl River Delta, China was established. Based on Savitzky-Golay (SG) smoothing and PLS regression, a multi-parameters optimization platform (SG-PLS) covering 264 modes was constructed to select the appropriately spectral preprocessing mode. The optimal SG-PLS model was determined according to the prediction effect. The selected optimal parameters d, p, m and LV were 2, 6, 23 and 8, respectively. Using the validation samples that were not involved in modeling, the root mean square error (SEPV), relative root mean square error (R-SEPV) and correlation coefficients (RP, V) of prediction were 11.66 mg·kg-1, 10.7% and 0.722, respectively. The results indicated that the feasibility of using Vis-NIR spectroscopy combined with SG-PLS method to analyze soil Cr content. The constructed multi-parameters optimization platform with SG-PLS is expected to be applied to a wider field of analysis. The rapid detection method has important application values to large-scale agricultural production. Partial least squares regression ; Mean squared error ; Mathematics ; Smoothing ; Binary Golay code ; Soil test ; Near-infrared spectroscopy ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Chemistry ; Soil science ; Statistics ; Soil water ; Environmental science ; Environmental chemistry ; Physics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis ; Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
Authors: J. Füzer | Samuel Dobák | Ivan Petryshynets | P. Kollář | František Kováč | Ján Slota
Source: Materials (article, 2021-11-15)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Correlation between Cutting Clearance, Deformation Texture, and Magnetic Loss Prediction in Non-Oriented Electrical Steels Manufacturing the magnetic cores in electrical machines impacts the magnetic performance of the electrical steel by inducing stresses near the cutting edge. In this paper, energy loss behaviour in non-oriented electrical steels punched with different cutting clearances before and after annealing is investigated. An experimental shear cutting tool was employed to punch the ring-shaped parts from electrical steels in a finished state with four different values of cutting clearance corresponding to 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% of the sheet thickness. The effect of cutting clearance on the magnetic losses is derived and analysed by the statistical theory of losses and associated loss separation concept including the analysis of movable magnetic objects. In this framework, this paper assesses the combined effect of cutting clearance, frequency, and heat treatment on the hysteresis loops and iron losses in non-oriented FeSi electrical steels. Measurements have been performed from quasi-static to 400 Hz at peak induction <i>B</i><sub>p</sub> = 1.0 T. Both states before and after heat treatment have been considered. The excess loss is observed as the most sensitive loss component to cutting clearance and its magneto-structural correlation is quantified. Electrical steel ; Materials science ; Annealing (glass) ; Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution ; Composite material ; Shear (geology) ; Metallurgy ; Computer science Magnetic Properties and Applications ; Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels ; Non-Destructive Testing Techniques
Authors: Xiuming Sun | Naicheng Wu | Georg Hörmann | Claas Faber | Beata Messyasz | Yueming Qu | Nicola Fohrer
Source: The Science of The Total Environment (article, 2021-08-26)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Using integrated models to analyze and predict the variance of diatom community composition in an agricultural area Species richness ; Diatom ; Ordination ; Environmental science ; Abundance (ecology) ; Ecology ; Diversity index ; Community structure ; Biology Diatoms and Algae Research ; Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology ; Fish Ecology and Management Studies
Authors: Shruti Bhargava Choubey | Abhishek Choubey | Durgesh Nandan | Anurag Mahajan
Source: Traitement du signal (article, 2021-08-31)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Detection by Using Two-Stage Image Denoising The requirement of imaging methods in the medical field is vivid. If the capturing devices are not sophisticated, the acquired images will have a significant amount of noise. These noises are hazardous and cannot be entertained. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) caused the state of affairs in girls if not diagnosed and look after early stages. Tran's epithelial duct ultrasound machine could be a non-invasive technique of imaging the human ovary to show salient options necessary for PCOS identification. Numbers of follicles and their sizes area unit the most options that characterize ovarian pictures. Hence, PCOS is diagnosed by investigating the numbers of follicles and measurement their sizes manually. conflict in medical aid is essentially created by technical advances in modalities that resulted from fruitful interactions among the essential science, bioscience, and manufacturer. Hence, PCOS is diagnosed by investigating the numbers of follicles and measurement their sizes manually. This paper attempts to identify the noise &amp; try to generate a noise-free image by evaluation of noise properties. The noise pattern information thus provides an upper hand in the second stage filtering with specific filters i.e. fuzzified. A median filter for salt and pepper noise; and an adaptive wiener filter for Gaussian noise. 46.2%, 15.1%, and 12.4% improvement in MSE for salt &amp; pepper, Gaussian, and speckle noise as compared to best existing methods. Polycystic ovary ; Median filter ; Speckle noise ; Salt-and-pepper noise ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Noise (video) ; Noise reduction ; Computer vision ; Gaussian noise ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Medicine ; Mathematics ; Image processing ; Speckle pattern ; Pathology ; Image (mathematics) Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research ; Infrared Thermography in Medicine