jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Sergey A. Stel’makh | Evgenii M. Shcherban’ | Alexey N. Beskopylny | Levon R. Mailyan | Andrey Veremeenko | Aleksandr Shilov | Оxana Ananova | Memduh Karalar | Ceyhun Aksoylu | Yasin Onuralp Özkılıç
Source: Buildings (article, 2023-08-06)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Modeling and Calculation of Improved Centrifuged Reinforced Concrete Columns with Variotropic Structure The use of vibro-centrifugation technology allows the manufacture of variotropic structures that are inhomogeneous in the annular section and have different characteristics along the section thickness. Hardening of the outer layers allows the structure to better resist bending conditions, however, the behavior of the variotropic column under central and eccentric compression remains unexplored. This article considers the problem of compression of hollow columns made of homogeneous concrete that is non-uniform in the annular section (variotropic), and is reinforced with steel reinforcing bars at different values of the load application eccentricity. Variotropic concrete obtained by vibro-centrifugation technology has a stronger outer part and a less durable inner part. The strength of a homogeneous column corresponds to the strength of the middle part of variotropic concrete. The problem was solved numerically in the ANSYS environment for a vertical column rigidly clamped at the bottom edge and loaded with eccentricity at the top edge. Three types of eccentricity are considered; e/r = 0, 0.16 and 0.32 (respectively 0 mm, 0.24 mm and 48 mm). The results of the solution in the form of stress fields, deformations and a pattern of crack development in a spatial setting are obtained. The results showed that for central compression, a homogeneous column has a better bearing capacity of 3.6% than a variotropic one. With the values of eccentricity e/r = 0.16 and 0.32, the variotropic column has a higher bearing capacity (by 5.5% and 6.2%) than the homogeneous one and better resists the development of cracks. The significance of the study lies in the practical application of the proposed approach, developed on a research basis, for non-trivial and complicated operating conditions of columns. This study influences the development of reinforced concrete structures and applies scientific findings to engineering practice. Eccentricity (behavior) ; Materials science ; Homogeneous ; Structural engineering ; Column (typography) ; Compression (physics) ; Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution ; Bearing capacity ; Composite material ; Resist ; Bending ; Layer (electronics) ; Engineering ; Physics Structural mechanics and materials ; Material Properties and Applications ; Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials
Authors: Qiang Li | Xuan Guo | Dezhi Ming | Lei Mao | Lijun Liu | Liang Fang | Jian Zhang
Source: Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics (article, 2023-02-05)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Mechanism of Microbubbles and Cavitation Effect on Bubble Breakage in a Venturi Bubble Generator Venturi bubble generators have been extensively studied because of having a simple structure and high foaming efficiency, while producing a uniform bubble size. The effect of a noncondensable gas on hydraulic cavitation was considered to improve the Zwart-Gerber-Belamri cavitation model. This improved model and a population balance model were used to study the effect of cavitation on bubble fragmentation. The CFD-PBM results were compared with experimental results, and the accuracy of the improved calculation method was verified in terms of the distributions for the cavitation cavity, gas phase, and bubble size. The calculation results showed that increasing the noncondensable gas content over a certain range promoted the development of hydraulic cavitation, and the cavitation intensity could be indirectly controlled by adjusting the noncondensable gas content. With increasing cavitation intensity, the average bubble size decreased, and the bubble size distribution became narrower. Therefore, a high-pressure pulse generated by cavitation could effectively break bubbles. The development process of microbubbles was studied. The main controlling factors for bubble formation were determined to be the turbulent shear force of the fluid and the collapse impact force of the cavitation group, which provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the design of bubble generators. Cavitation ; Bubble ; Venturi effect ; Microbubbles ; Mechanics ; Materials science ; Turbulence ; Breakage ; Population balance equation ; Population ; Acoustics ; Physics ; Ultrasound ; Mechanical engineering ; Composite material ; Inlet Ultrasound and Cavitation Phenomena ; Fluid Dynamics and Mixing ; Erosion and Abrasive Machining
Authors: Kun Yin | Yang Gao | Hao Shi | Shiqiang Zhu
Source: Nanomaterials (article, 2023-05-15)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Inverse Design and Numerical Investigations of an Ultra-Compact Integrated Optical Switch Based on Phase Change Material The miniaturization of optical switches is a promising prospect with the use of phase-change materials (PCMs), and exploring various strategies to effectively integrate PCMs with integrated optical waveguides represents an intriguing research question. In this study, an ultra-compact integrated optical switch based on PCM is proposed. This device consists of a Ge2Sb2Te5 nano-disk and an inverse-designed pixelated sub-wavelength structure. The pixelated sub-wavelength structure offers customized refractive indices that conventional materials or structures cannot achieve, leading to an improved insertion loss (IL) and extinction ratio (ER) performance of the device. Furthermore, this structure enhances the interaction between the optical field and GST, resulting in a reduction of the device size and the inserted GST footprint. With an ultra-compact device footprint of 0.9 µm × 1.5 µm, the simulation results exhibit a low IL of 0.45 dB, and a high ER of 18.0 dB at 1550 nm. Additionally, relevant studies show that this device is able to perform reliably despite minor variations in the manufacturing process. Miniaturization ; Materials science ; Extinction ratio ; Optical switch ; Footprint ; Wavelength ; Optoelectronics ; Inverse ; Insertion loss ; Optics ; Nanotechnology ; Physics Phase-change materials and chalcogenides ; Photonic and Optical Devices ; Optical Network Technologies
Authors: Alexandra C. Cordova | William D. Klaren | Lucie C. Ford | Fabian A. Grimm | Erin Baker | Yi‐Hui Zhou | Fred A. Wright | Ivan Rusyn
Source: Toxics (article, 2023-07-05)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Integrative Chemical–Biological Grouping of Complex High Production Volume Substances from Lower Olefin Manufacturing Streams Human cell-based test methods can be used to evaluate potential hazards of mixtures and products of petroleum refining ("unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products, or biological materials" substances, UVCBs). Analyses of bioactivity and detailed chemical characterization of petroleum UVCBs were used separately for grouping these substances; a combination of the approaches has not been undertaken. Therefore, we used a case example of representative high production volume categories of petroleum UVCBs, 25 lower olefin substances from low benzene naphtha and resin oils categories, to determine whether existing manufacturing-based category grouping can be supported. We collected two types of data: nontarget ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry of both neat substances and their organic extracts and in vitro bioactivity of the organic extracts in five human cell types: umbilical vein endothelial cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes, endothelial cells, neurons, and cardiomyocytes. We found that while similarity in composition and bioactivity can be observed for some substances, existing categories are largely heterogeneous. Strong relationships between composition and bioactivity were observed, and individual constituents that determine these associations were identified. Overall, this study showed a promising approach that combines chemical composition and bioactivity data to better characterize the variability within manufacturing categories of petroleum UVCBs. STREAMS ; Volume (thermodynamics) ; Production (economics) ; Chemistry ; Environmental chemistry ; Computer science Petroleum Processing and Analysis ; Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis ; Microbial bioremediation and biosurfactants
Authors: Isabelle Duchesne | Dikshya Dixit Lamichhane | Ryan P. Dias | A. Paulina de la Mata | Martin Williams | Manuel Lamothe | James J. Harynuk | Nathalie Isabel | Alain Cloutier
Source: Wood and Fiber Science (article, 2023-07-23)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

COMPARING GC×GC-TOFMS-BASED METABOLOMIC PROFILING AND WOOD ANATOMY FOR FORENSIC IDENTIFICATION OF FIVE MELIACEAE (MAHOGANY) SPECIES Illegal logging and associated trade have increased worldwide. Such environmental crimes represent a major threat to forest ecosystems and society, causing distortions in market prices, economic instability, ecological deterioration, and poverty. To prevent illegal imports of forest products, there is a need to develop wood identiﬁcation methods for identifying tree species regulated by the Convention on International Trade in Species of Wild Fauna andFlora in Trade (CITES) and other look-alike species. In this exploratory study, we applied metabolomic proﬁling of ﬁve species (Swietenia mahagoni, Swietenia macrophylla, Cedrela odorata, Khaya ivorensis, and Toona ciliata) using two-dimensional gas chromatog- raphy combined with time-of-ﬂight mass spectrometry (GC3GC-TOFMS). We also performed qualitative, quantitative (based on the measurement of vessel area, tangential vessel lumina diameter,vessel element length, ray height, and ray width), and machine-vision aided (XyloTron) wood anatomy on a subsample of wood specimens to explore thepotential and limits of each approach. Fifty dried xylaria wood specimens were ground, extracted with methanol, and subsequently analyzed by GC3GC-TOFMS. In this study, the four genera could easily be identiﬁed using qualitative wood anatomy and chemical proﬁling. At the spe- cies level, Swietenia macrophylla and Swietenia mahagoni specimens were found to share many major metabolites and could only be differentiated after feature selection guided by cluster resolution (FS-CR) and visualization using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Expectedly, specimens from the two Swiete- nia spp. could not be distinguished based on qualitative wood anatomy. However, signiﬁcant differences in quantitative anatomical features were obtained for these two species. Excluding T. ciliata that was not included in the reference database of end grain images at the time of testing (2021), the XyloTron could successfully identify the majority of the specimens to the right genus and 50% of the specimens to the right species. The machine-vision tool was particularly successful at identifying Cedrela odorata samples, where all samples were correctly identiﬁed. Despite the limited number of specimens available for thisstudy, our preliminary results indicate that GC3GC-TOFMS-based metabolomic proﬁles could be used as comple- mentary method to differentiate CITES-regulated wood specimens at the genus and species levels. Swietenia macrophylla ; Khaya ; Biology ; Meliaceae ; Snag ; Botany ; Ecology Wood and Agarwood Research ; Biological Stains and Phytochemicals ; Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
Authors: Gedefaw Mebratie | Dagne Atnafu Shiferaw
Source: Frontiers in Physics (article, 2023-12-07)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Theoretical study of the interplay of spin density wave and superconductivity in nickel substitution of the strontium–iron–arsenide (SrFe2−xNixAs2) superconductor in a two-band model The main objective of this manuscript is to focus on the computational study of the interplay of spin density wave (SDW) and superconductivity using a two-band model for SrFe 2− x Ni x As 2 . We derived mathematical statements for the superconducting critical temperature, SDW critical temperature, superconductivity order parameter, and the SDW order parameter using the Hamiltonian model and Green’s function formalism for the SrFe 2− x Ni x As 2 superconductor. A mathematical expression for the dependence of transition temperatures on the SDW order parameter was obtained for SrFe 2− x Ni x As 2 . Using these mathematical statements, transition temperatures versus the SDW order parameter phase diagrams were plotted to show the dependence of the SDW order parameter on transition temperatures. By merging these diagrams, we have depicted the intriguing possibility of the interplay of superconductivity and magnetism for the SrFe 2− x Ni x As 2 superconductor. Phase diagrams of temperature versus superconducting order parameters and the SDW order parameter were also plotted to show the dependence of order parameters on temperature for the SrFe 2− x Ni x As 2 superconductor. Superconductivity ; Condensed matter physics ; Spin density wave ; Phase diagram ; Magnetism ; Physics ; Transition temperature ; Materials science ; Phase (matter) ; Quantum mechanics Iron-based superconductors research ; Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism ; Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials
Authors: Stefan Hiemer | Haidong Fan | Michael Zaiser
Source: Materials Theory (article, 2023-01-03)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Relating plasticity to dislocation properties by data analysis: scaling vs. machine learning approaches Abstract Plasticity modelling has long relied on phenomenological models based on ad-hoc assumption of constitutive relations, which are then fitted to limited data. Other work is based on the consideration of physical mechanisms which seek to establish a physical foundation of the observed plastic deformation behavior through identification of isolated defect processes (’mechanisms’) which are observed either experimentally or in simulations and then serve to formulate so-called physically based models. Neither of these approaches is adequate to capture the complexity of plastic deformation which belongs into the realm of emergent collective phenomena, and to understand the complex interplay of multiple deformation pathways which is at the core of modern high performance structural materials. Data based approaches offer alternative pathways towards plasticity modelling whose strengths and limitations we explore here for a simple example, namely the interplay between rate and dislocation density dependent strengthening mechanisms in fcc metals. Plasticity ; Dislocation ; Deformation (meteorology) ; Deformation mechanism ; Scaling ; Computer science ; Realm ; Identification (biology) ; Statistical physics ; Materials science ; Physics ; Mathematics Microstructure and mechanical properties ; Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals
Authors: He Gao | Zhenqiang Li | Chuanjing Cheng | Jing Cui | Jiamin Peng | Xiaoying Wang | Man Zhang | Yuanyuan Hou | Gang Bai
Source: International Journal of Molecular Sciences (article, 2023-05-06)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Fuziline Ameliorates Glucose and Lipid Metabolism by Activating Beta Adrenergic Receptors to Stimulate Thermogenesis <i>Radix aconiti carmichaeli</i> is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine that has been found to be effective in treating cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. Patients with these diseases often experience a heat generation disorder, which is characterized by chilliness and can worsen the progression of the disease. This study established an in vitro screening model combining the examination of cellular mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial temperature to screen drugs with thermogenic activity. After differentiation and determination of the content of characteristic metabolites of the drug-containing serum blood components, it was found that Fuziline (FZL) is the key thermogenic property in <i>Radix aconiti carmichaeli</i>, responsible for its thermogenic effects with a high relative importance of 33%. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the thermogenic activity of <i>Radix aconiti carmichaeli</i> and FZL in vivo by assessing temperature changes in various organs, including the rectum, liver, and brown adipose tissue. Moreover, the effects of intracellular β<sub>3</sub>-adrenergic receptor (β<sub>3</sub>-AR) agonistic effects were evaluated using transient β<sub>3</sub>-AR transfection and dual-luciferase assay systems. The molecular mechanism by which FZL promotes thermogenesis and improves mitochondrial function was investigated by verifying the β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) downstream signaling pathway. The results suggest that FZL activates β-AR nonselectively, which in turn activates the downstream cAMP-PKA signaling pathway and leads to an increase in liver glycogenolysis and triglyceride hydrolysis, accompanied by enhancing mitochondrial energy metabolism. Consequently, the liver and brown adipose tissue receive energy to generate heat. In summary, these findings provide insight into the therapeutic application of <i>Radix aconiti carmichaeli</i> for metabolic disorders associated with heat generation disorders. Thermogenesis ; Receptor ; Adipose tissue ; Thermogenin ; Brown adipose tissue ; Endocrinology ; Pharmacology ; Lipid metabolism ; Internal medicine ; Chemistry ; Biology ; Biochemistry ; Medicine Chromatography in Natural Products ; Pharmacological Effects of Natural Compounds ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Authors: Alexey S. Dorokhov | Alexander Aksenov | А. В. Сибирев | Dmitry Hort | Maxim Mosyakov | Nikolay Sazonov | Maria Godyaeva
Source: Agriculture (article, 2023-06-02)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Development of an Optical System with an Orientation Module to Detect Surface Damage to Potato Tubers This method is a variant of non-destructive multiparametric surface analysis and includes the implementation of hyperspectral and RGB image processing approaches from different angles. This work is based on a fundamental hyperspectral survey system for obtaining data on scanned biological objects in many spectral ranges and with several possible variants of assembling a system with different types of surface illumination with point light and diffuse illumination. The implementation of the technology through the use of a diffused light source provides the diffuse illumination of a biological object with pronounced symptoms of rarefaction on the surface of a biological object—in this case, potato tubers, due to the presence of signs of disease on the potato peel, as well as their deformation. Using broadband lamps, a short-pass filter is located between the source and the object (λ ≤ 400 nm, λ may vary depending on the excitation length), and a long-pass filter (λ ≥ 400 nm) between the root or onion and the chamber. The use of a vision system with a created database containing models of real defects in potato tubers showed a high sorting efficiency, providing an accuracy of sorting by size of 95.4%, and an accuracy by the presence of defects of 93.1%. Hyperspectral imaging ; Sorting ; RGB color model ; Orientation (vector space) ; Filter (signal processing) ; Materials science ; Computer science ; Computer vision ; Artificial intelligence ; Biological system ; Diffuser (optics) ; Optics ; Light source ; Mathematics ; Biology ; Physics ; Geometry Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food ; Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety
Authors: Yaoyao Cui | Pengcheng Zhao | Jiayu Ma | Ying Chen | Wei Gao | Lijuan Chen
Source: IEEE Access (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Discrimination of Oil Contaminants Using Supervised Kohonen Network and Unconventional Steady State Fluorescence Spectroscopy: A Comparative Evaluation The rapid and reliable detection of oil contaminants is of crucial importance for environmental protection. This paper focused on the classification and identification of six types of oil using unconventional steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with XY-fused networks (XY-Fs). The excitation emission matrix fluorescence (EEMF) spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) and total synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (TSFS) of the oil samples were measured by a FS920 steady-state fluorescence spectrometer. Further, the obtained results were compared with those obtained by using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), LDA based on score matrix of multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS-LDA) and parallel factor (PARAFAC-LDA) analysis. The experimental results showed that the best accuracy (100%) for the test samples was obtained by TSFS combined with XY-Fs. These results provide important references for discrimination of oil contaminants. Spectroscopy ; Fluorescence spectroscopy ; Linear discriminant analysis ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Matrix (chemical analysis) ; Fluorescence ; Steady state (chemistry) ; Multivariate statistics ; Partial least squares regression ; Chemometrics ; Resolution (logic) ; Principal component analysis ; Biological system ; Chemistry ; Artificial intelligence ; Chromatography ; Computer science ; Machine learning ; Optics ; Physics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Authors: Muhathir Muhathir
Source: Jurnal Teknik Informatika C I T Medicom (article, 2023-03-30)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Compares the effectiveness of the bagging method in classifying spices using the histogram of oriented gradient feature extraction technique Spice classification is a crucial task in the food industry to ensure food safety and quality. This study focuses on the classification of spices using the Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HoG) feature extraction method and bagging method. The objective of this research is to compare the performance of three different models of bagging method, including Bootstrap Aggregating (Bagging), Random Forests, and Extra Tree Classifier, in classifying spices. The evaluation metrics used in this research are Precision, Recall, F1-Score, F2-Score, Jaccard Score, and Accuracy. The results show that the Random Forest model achieved the best performance, with precision, recall, F1-score, F2-Score, Jaccard, and Accuracy values of 0.861, 0.8633, 0.8587, 0.8607, 0.7694, and 0.8733 respectively. On the other hand, the Extra Tree Classifier had the lowest performance with precision, recall, F1-score, F2-Score, Jaccard, and Accuracy values of 0.7034, 0.7958, 0.7037, 0.7047, 0.5635, and 0.72 respectively. Overall, the results indicate a fairly good success rate in classifying spices using the HoG feature extraction method and bagging method. However, further evaluation is needed to improve the accuracy of the classification results, such as increasing the number of training data or considering the use of other feature extraction methods. The findings of this research may have significant implications for the food industry in ensuring the quality and safety of food products. Jaccard index ; Random forest ; Artificial intelligence ; F1 score ; Classifier (UML) ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Computer science ; Precision and recall ; Histogram ; Bootstrap aggregating ; Feature extraction ; Recall ; Machine learning ; Mathematics ; Image (mathematics) Coconut Research and Applications ; Identification and Quantification in Food ; Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses