jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Ramtin Sirjani
Source: Scholarship@Western (Western University) (article, 2021-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Functional Characterization of Arogenate Dehydratase Isoforms in Soybean Phenylalanine flux is partitioned between phenylpropanoid and protein synthesis. The mechanisms behind the metabolic channeling of phenylalanine are largely unknown. Arogenate dehydratase (ADT) enzymes, which catalyze the last and rate-limiting step in the synthesis of phenylalanine in plants, have been shown to interact with the isoflavonoid metabolon in the cytosol. Cytosolic phenylalanine, however, can only be synthesized through prephenate dehydratase (PDT) activity. In this study, putative soybean ADTs (GmADTs) were characterized for their ADT and PDT activity. This was done using complementation assays with two different knockout yeast strains, aro8aro9 and pha2, which lack prephenate aminotransferase and PDT activity, respectively. Additionally, GmADTs with alternate transcripts that exclude the transit peptide were identified through qRT- PCR. It was determined that, of 8 putative GmADTs, GmADT11B had the most ADT and PDT activity. GmADT12B and GmADT12C were found to have some ADT activity but to a lesser degree. The remaining 5 GmADTs had the least ADT activity, if any. Some PDT activity was detected in GmADT12A and GmADT13A, while none was detected in the remaining 5 GmADTs. Furthermore, it was determined that GmADT12B and GmADT11A contain alternate transcripts that exclude the sequence for the transit peptide. If these GmADTs have a cytosolic isoform, they are likely involved in directing phenylalanine flux to phenylpropanoid synthesis. These findings provide insight into possible mechanisms of regulation controlling specialized metabolite synthesis in plants. Focus (optics) ; Physics Enzyme Structure and Function ; Biofuel production and bioconversion ; GABA and Rice Research
Authors: Sergejs Vidinejevs | Rafał Chatys | Andrey Aniskevich | Krzysztof Jamroziak
Source: Materials (article, 2021-04-22)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Prompt Determination of the Mechanical Properties of Industrial Polypropylene Sandwich Pipes A simple and prompt method to determine the mechanical properties of industrial multilayer extrusion polypropylene pipes for a gravity sewer network is suggested. The engineering formulas included for calculating the permissible thickness and relative position of a foam core in the pipes are based on a linear-elastic approximation and the rule of mixtures. The applicability of the approximation was justified experimentally during investigation of the effective tensile characteristics of single- and multilayer pipes and each layer specimen by using traditional tests and finite-element calculations. The results obtained were used to formulate engineering recommendations for calculations of this type. Polypropylene ; Materials science ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Composite material ; Finite element method ; Extrusion ; Core (optical fiber) ; Structural engineering ; Position (finance) ; Engineering Polymer Foaming and Composites ; Polymer Science and PVC ; High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena
Authors: Vera Lucia de Brito | Julia Maria de Morais Santos | João Paulo Barros Machado | Cristina Bormio-Nunes | Francisco Carvalho
Source: Processing and Application of Ceramics (article, 2021-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Electromagnetic characterization of Ni0.5Zn0.3Co0.2Fe2O4 bulk ceramics in the 1MHz-12GHz frequency range In this paper, NiZnCo ferrite was produced by solid state synthesis, calcination at 1000?C and sintering at 1250?C in air atmosphere. The microstructure and phases of the sintered sample were analysed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The magnetic properties of the ferrite were evaluated by magnetization and magnetostriction measurements. The complex magnetic permeability and complex permittivity were also measured between 1MHz-12GHz and the reflection loss (RL) was calculated in the 100MHz-12GHz frequency range. The results show that the ferrite sample presents magnetostrictive behaviour and a saturation magnetization of 71 Am2/kg. Complex permittivity measurements indicate that the material has dielectric behaviour in the whole frequency range studied, with "? varying between 7-40, and magnetic behaviour in frequencies between 1MHz-5GHz. The minimum RL was found at frequencies between 2.4-3.3GHz and the calculated RL value for a thickness of 3mm was lower than ?10 dB in frequencies between 2.3-7.3GHz. These results indicate potential application as microwave absorber in the S band. Materials science ; Ferrite (magnet) ; Microstructure ; Magnetostriction ; Ceramic ; Permittivity ; Sintering ; Microwave ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Magnetization ; Composite material ; Dielectric ; Scanning electron microscope ; Magnetic field ; Optoelectronics Magnetic Properties and Synthesis of Ferrites ; Electromagnetic wave absorption materials ; Electrical and Thermal Properties of Materials
Authors: Esther Barrena | Rogger Palacios-Rivera | José I. Martínez | Carmen Ocal
Source: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (article, 2021-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

From high quality packing to disordered nucleation or phase separation in donor/acceptor interfaces: ClAlPc-C<sub>60</sub> on Au(111) The dramatic consequences that the orientation adopted by the molecular dipoles, in diverse arrays of chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) on Au(111), have on the ulterior adsorption and growth of C60 are explored by means of an all scanning probe microscopy approach. The unidirectional downwards organization of the molecular dipoles at the first layer reduces charge transfer from the metal to C60. Imbalance between attractive and repulsive interactions of the fullerenes are crucial for their ordered supramolecular aggregation. The effect at the basis of such self-assembling seems to be released by the all upwards dipole orientation adopted on the ClAlPc second layer. The low electronic corrugation of the bilayer results in a higher mobility of the fullerenes which for similar coverages diffuse large distances to reach uncovered first layer regions. Density functional theory calculations corroborate the experimental observations indicating the relevance of charge transfer, potential energy surface corrugation, C60 on-surface diffusion barriers and screening. The structure of the co-adsorbed C60 and ClAlPc layers strongly depends on the deposition sequence. Phase-separation, where each molecule adopts the single-component assembly, occurs if C60 is deposited first. The present results contribute to understanding the influence of the dipolar nature of molecular layers on the electronic and structure of donor/acceptor heterojunctions, which is crucial for device design via engineering the energy level alignment at organic-organic and organic-metal interfaces. Nucleation ; Materials science ; Acceptor ; Dipole ; Crystallography ; Chemical physics ; Phase (matter) ; Adsorption ; Orientation (vector space) ; Condensed matter physics ; Chemistry ; Physical chemistry ; Physics Graphene research and applications ; Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures ; Fullerene Chemistry and Applications
Authors: Gaurav Dahiya | Mukesh Pappoppula | Aaron Aponick
Source: Angewandte Chemie (article, 2021-07-01)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Configuration Sampling With Five‐Membered Atropisomeric<i>P</i>,<i>N</i>‐Ligands Abstract Here we report a strategy for the systematic variation of atropisomeric C 1 ‐symmetric P,N ligands to incrementally change the position of the groups within the chiral pocket without modifying their steric parameters. More specifically, the effects of systematic modification of the nitrogen heterocycle in atropisomeric C 1 ‐symmetric stack ligands have been investigated in this study. The versatility and applicability of this approach has been demonstrated in mechanistically distinct catalytic enantioselective transformations, resulting in the identification of a P,N‐ligand for a highly enantioselective synthesis of organoboranes. Enantioselective synthesis ; Steric effects ; Chemistry ; Ligand (biochemistry) ; Stereochemistry ; Combinatorial chemistry ; Atropisomer ; Catalysis ; Organic chemistry ; Receptor ; Biochemistry Axial and Atropisomeric Chirality Synthesis ; Molecular spectroscopy and chirality ; Asymmetric Synthesis and Catalysis
Authors: Anna V. Paterova | Dmitry Kalashnikov | Egor Khaidarov | Hongzhi Yang | Tobias W. W. Maß | Ramón Paniagua‐Domínguez | Arseniy I. Kuznetsov | Leonid A. Krivitsky
Source: Nanophotonics (preprint, 2021-03-20)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Non‐linear interferometry with infrared metasurfaces Abstract The optical elements comprised of sub‐diffractive light scatterers, or metasurfaces, hold a promise to reduce the footprint and unfold new functionalities of optical devices. A particular interest is focused on metasurfaces for manipulation of phase and amplitude of light beams. Characterisation of metasurfaces can be performed using interferometry, which, however, may be cumbersome, specifically in the infrared (IR) range. Here, we realise a new method for characterising metasurfaces operating in the telecom IR range using accessible components for visible light. Correlated IR and visible photons are launched into a non‐linear interferometer so that the phase profile, imposed by the metasurface on the IR photons, modifies the interference at the visible photon wavelength. Furthermore, we show that this concept can be used for broadband manipulation of the intensity profile of a visible beam using a single IR metasurface. Our method unfolds the potential of quantum interferometry for the characterization of advanced optical elements. Interferometry ; Optics ; Interference (communication) ; Infrared ; Photon ; Physics ; Visible spectrum ; Optoelectronics ; Phase (matter) ; Broadband ; Astronomical interferometer ; Computer science ; Telecommunications Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research ; Random lasers and scattering media
Authors: Joshua J. Sanchez | Paul Malinowski | Joshua Mutch | Jian Liu | Jong‐Woo Kim | Philip J. Ryan | Jiun‐Haw Chu
Source: Nature Materials (preprint, 2021-08-26)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

The transport–structural correspondence across the nematic phase transition probed by elasto X-ray diffraction Liquid crystal ; Condensed matter physics ; Diffraction ; Anisotropy ; Materials science ; Superconductivity ; Phase transition ; Lattice (music) ; Phase (matter) ; Electron ; Observable ; Transition temperature ; Physics ; Optics ; Quantum mechanics Iron-based superconductors research ; Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism ; Rare-earth and actinide compounds
Authors: Zhenbing Tan | Antti Laitinen | N. S. Kirsanov | Alexey Galda | V. M. Vinokur | Mohammad Tasnimul Haque | Alexander Savin | Dmitry S. Golubev | G. B. Lesovik | Pertti Hakonen
Source: Nature Communications (preprint, 2021-01-08)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Thermoelectric current in a graphene Cooper pair splitter Generation of electric voltage in a conductor by applying a temperature gradient is a fundamental phenomenon called the Seebeck effect. This effect and its inverse is widely exploited in diverse applications ranging from thermoelectric power generators to temperature sensing. Recently, a possibility of thermoelectricity arising from the interplay of the non-local Cooper pair splitting and the elastic co-tunneling in the hybrid normal metal-superconductor-normal metal structures was predicted. Here, we report the observation of the non-local Seebeck effect in a graphene-based Cooper pair splitting device comprising two quantum dots connected to an aluminum superconductor and present a theoretical description of this phenomenon. The observed non-local Seebeck effect offers an efficient tool for producing entangled electrons. Thermoelectric effect ; Splitter ; Cooper pair ; Superconductivity ; Quantum tunnelling ; Condensed matter physics ; Graphene ; Current (fluid) ; Electron ; Thermoelectric materials ; Physics ; Materials science ; Nanotechnology ; Quantum mechanics ; Optics Graphene research and applications ; Quantum and electron transport phenomena ; Topological Materials and Phenomena
Authors: Nguyen Gia Minh Thao | Keisuke Fujisaki | Hiroaki Mamiya | S. Kuroda | Yoko Yamabe‐Mitarai | Norie Motohashi
Source: IEEJ Journal of Industry Applications (article, 2021-08-12)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Magnetic Characterization of 4μm-thick Steel Made by Continuous Rolling Process for Power Electronic Applications in High Frequency This is the first study to experimentally perform the magnetic characterization of 4μm-thick electrical steel sheet based on the sinusoidal excitation technique at high frequencies of up to 1MHz. The steel is made of pure iron, fabricated using a high-precision continuous rolling process, which is a suitable and effective method for mass production. One ring core in which the steel part is appropriately fixed on a plastic cylindrical chassis is fabricated for measurements, whereas another ring core without the steel part is fabricated to serve as a reference. In addition, a method for effectively estimating the magnetic flux density and relative permeability of the steel part in the first ring core from the measured data of the two ring cores is presented as a key contribution of this study. This method can also be applied in the magnetic characterization of other thin steels at high frequencies. The magnetic flux density-field intensity (B-H) curve, relative permeability, and iron loss per weight of the examined 4μm-thick steel are measured and evaluated through experiments. The measured results and Steinmetz approximation indicate that the eddy current loss in the investigated steel is relatively considerable at high frequencies of 500kHz and above. Electrical steel ; Materials science ; Eddy current ; Relative permeability ; Excitation ; Core (optical fiber) ; Magnetic field ; Magnetic flux ; Magnetic core ; Permeability (electromagnetism) ; Composite material ; Characterization (materials science) ; Magnetic circuit ; Magnet ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Electromagnetic coil ; Electrical engineering Magnetic Properties and Applications ; Non-Destructive Testing Techniques ; Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels
Authors: B. Négulescu | J. Wolfman | A. Ruyter | Cécile Autret-Lambert | S. Cherifi
Source: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (article, 2021-01-21)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Controlling the magnetoelectric coupling in Ni/BiFe0.95Mn0.05O3 with a dielectric spacer Multiferroics ; Materials science ; Bismuth ferrite ; Ferroelectricity ; Dielectric ; Magnetoelectric effect ; Piezoelectricity ; Condensed matter physics ; Ferromagnetism ; Electric field ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Hysteresis ; Composite material ; Optoelectronics Multiferroics and related materials ; Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials ; Underwater Acoustics Research
Authors: Sayed-Mohammad Banitabaei-Koupaei
Source:  (preprint, 2021-06-08)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Strain rate effects on ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHP-FRC) with various fiber contents Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHP-FRC) was introduced in the mid-1990s and has made striking advances in recent years. Ductal® is a UHP-FRC technology that offers a unique combination of characteristics including but, not limited to ductility, strength and durability, while providing highly moldable products with quality surfaces. Compressive strengths, and equivalent flexural strengths reach up to 200 and 40 MPa, respectively. UHP-FRC also shows an outstanding performance under dynamic loading in structures subjected to extreme loading conditions such as impact, earthquake and blast. Moreover, UHP-FRC indicates an optimized combination of properties for a specific application. Three series of tests including compression, indirect tension, and flexure were conducted under various strain rates from quasi-static to dynamic loading with low strain rates. The objective of this project is to enhance knowledge of strain rate effects on UHP-FRC with various fiber contents and to report Dynamic Increase Factor (DIF). Ductility (Earth science) ; Materials science ; Flexural strength ; Strain rate ; Durability ; Compression (physics) ; Fiber-reinforced concrete ; Fiber ; Composite material ; Tension (geology) ; Structural engineering ; Engineering High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior ; Innovative concrete reinforcement materials ; Structural Response to Dynamic Loads
Authors: Xiuyun Zhu | Jianbo Li | Gao Lin | Rong Pan | Liang Li
Source: Energies (article, 2021-08-12)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Influence of Different Sites on Impact Response of Steel-Plate Concrete Containment against a Large Commercial Aircraft This paper aimed at evaluating the influence of different site conditions on the impact response of the structure of nuclear power plants (NPPs) against a large commercial aircraft. The lumped parameter site dynamic model recommended by the code of ASCE 4-98 was used to consider the different homogeneous sites. With respect to the excellent impact resistant performance of steel-plate concrete (SC) structure, the full SC containment is selected as the research object. The impact analysis of the full SC containment against a large commercial aircraft under different site conditions was carried out, based on the force time-history analysis method. The numerical results in terms of the displacement, plastic strain, local concrete damage, and different values of energy were evaluated. The results showed that: (1) For the relatively thin full SC containment, the impact response under the fixed boundary is the largest, while that calculated by other, different sites varies greatly, and there is no consistent rule, the boundary condition which is assumed to be fixed is relatively conservative. (2) For the thicker full SC containment, the displacement response decreased with the increasing of the site shear wave velocity, which is the smallest when the fixed boundary is considered. When the shear wave velocity of the site is large enough, its boundary condition which is assumed to be the fixed constraint is reasonable. (3) For the relatively thin full SC containment, the site damping effect has a significant effect on the structural impact response. Nevertheless, the impact response of the thicker containment is slightly influenced by the site damping effect. (4) For the impact analysis of the structures of NPPs against a large commercial aircraft, it is suggested that both the specific site condition and fixed boundary should be considered. Containment (computer programming) ; Structural engineering ; Containment building ; Shear wall ; Boundary value problem ; Displacement (psychology) ; Boundary (topology) ; Engineering ; Environmental science ; Mechanics ; Geology ; Computer science ; Mathematics ; Physics ; Nuclear engineering High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior ; Structural Response to Dynamic Loads ; Fire effects on concrete materials
Authors: Yule Huang | Jiaxin Yang | Ying Zhang | Zhongchao Wei | Hongzhan Liu | Jianping Guo
Source: Nanomaterials (article, 2021-10-27)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Switchable Multifunctional Meta-Surface Composed by Dielectric-Metal Hybrid Antenna Array Architecture Strontium titanate (STO), the dielectric material, has caught the world's attention due to its outstanding properties, such as high permittivity, high refractive index, and low loss in the terahertz band. Its permittivity is relevant to the environment temperature. Herein, a multifunctional meta-surface composed of a dielectric-metal hybrid antenna array has been demonstrated, which is a single-layer STO elliptic cylinder. On the one hand, when the environment temperature is 300 K, the proposed meta-surface can achieve perfect absorption and polarization conversion in the frequency range from 0.1 to 0.25 THz; particularly, the meta-surface absorptance can reach 99.97% and 99.92% at a frequency of 0.103 and 0.13 THz respectively, and while it is used as a polarization conversion device, the degree of circular polarization and the ellipticity angle can reach 0.986 and 44.5° at a frequency of 0.228 THz. On the other hand, when the environment temperature changes from 300 to 450 K, the absorption peak changes with the temperature, and the average absorptance reaches 96% at resonance frequency. The proposed meta-surface can be applied in many fields, such as optical sensing, imaging, and energy harvesting. Moreover, it provides a potential solution to research the integrated device in a complex electromagnetic environment. Materials science ; Terahertz radiation ; Permittivity ; Absorptance ; Optoelectronics ; Dielectric ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Optics ; Strontium titanate ; Radome ; Antenna (radio) ; Physics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Antenna Design and Analysis
Authors: Tale Ruchita | Dinesh Chaple | Alpana Asnani | P. Manoj Kumar | Avhad Datta
Source: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (review, 2021-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

A review on synthetic study and biological activities of tetrahydropyrimidinone derivatives The process of drug discovery involves the identification, synthesis, characterization, screening, assay and development of new chemical entities that are suitable for medical and pharmaceutical use. 2-thioxo-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydropyrimidine (THPM) are heterocyclic compound & represents are markable pharmacological efficient moieties and are with wide range of therapeutic properties. Synthetically they were synthesized using Multi-component reactions like Biginelli reaction or either microwave and conventional methods, having a multiple benefits of the time consuming and get high yield. In this review, we highlight recent developments on THPMs and recently developed as antimicrobial, anticancer, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-tubercular, antihypertensive, analgesic, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, etc. given a potent biological and pharmacological activity. Biochemical engineering ; Engineering Multicomponent Synthesis of Heterocycles ; Synthesis and Characterization of Heterocyclic Compounds ; Synthesis and biological activity
Authors: G. A. Isola | M. K. Akinloye | Yekinni Kolawole Sanusi | P. S. Ayanlola | Gabriel Ayinde Alamu
Source: International journal of research and scientific innovation (review, 2021-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Optimizing X-Ray Imaging Using Plant Mediated Gold Nanoparticles as Contrast Agent: A Review X-ray imaging has been a clinical practice for more than half a century, and the hydrophilic iodinated-based molecules are universally and continuously employed as contrast agents. However, a renewed interest in nanoparticles-based contrast agents has emerged with the promise of detailed imaging, and potential for therapeutic applications. Preclinical and clinical applications of nanoparticles are identified for a broad spectrum of imaging applications, with commentaries on the future promise of these materials. However, these nanomaterials contrast agents are not without issues, as the method of synthesizing the nanomaterials limits their applications as clinical contrast agents. The physical and chemical methods of synthesizing nanoparticles have been proven successful but not biocompatible due to the use of toxic chemicals, but, with the biocompatibility of biological substances such as microorganisms and plants, nanoparticles can be synthesized for applications in x-ray imaging. Contrast (vision) ; Colloidal gold ; X-ray ; Nanoparticle ; Nanotechnology ; Materials science ; Computer science ; Optics ; Artificial intelligence ; Physics Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery