jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Catarina S. P. Borges | Shahin Jalali | Panayiotis Tsokanas | Eduardo A. S. Marques | Ricardo J. C. Carbas | Lucas F. M. da Silva
Source: Polymers (review, 2022-12-26)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Sustainable Development Approaches through Wooden Adhesive Joints Design Over recent decades, the need to comply with environmental standards has become a concern in many industrial sectors. As a result, manufacturers have increased their use of eco-friendly, recycled, recyclable, and, overall, more sustainable materials and industrial techniques. One technique highly dependent on petroleum-based products, and at the edge of a paradigm change, is adhesive bonding. Adhesive bonding is often used to join composite materials and depends upon an adhesive to achieve the connection. However, the matrices of the composite materials and the adhesives used, as well as, in some cases, the composite fibres, are manufactured from petrochemical products. Efforts to use natural composites and adhesives are therefore ongoing. One composite that has proven to be promising is wood due to its high strength and stiffness (particularly when it is densified), formability, and durability. However, wood must be very carefully characterised since its properties can be variable, depending on the slope of the grains, irregularities (such as knots, shakes, or splits), and on the location and climate of each individual tree. Therefore, in addition to neat wood, wood composites may also be a promising option to increase sustainability, with more predictable properties. To bond wood or wooden composite substrates, bio-adhesives can be considered. These adhesives are now formulated with increasingly enhanced mechanical properties and are becoming promising alternatives at the structural application level. In this paper, wooden adhesive joints are surveyed considering bio-adhesives and wood-based substrates, taking into consideration the recent approaches to improve these base materials, accurately characterise them, and implement them in adhesive joints. Adhesive ; Engineered wood ; Petrochemical ; Materials science ; Composite material ; Durability ; Composite number ; Sustainability ; Environmentally friendly ; Waste management ; Layer (electronics) ; Engineering Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Polymer composites and self-healing ; Lignin and Wood Chemistry
Authors: Maxime D. Charpentier | Jan‐Joris Devogelaer | Arnoud Tijink | Hugo Meekes | Paul Tinnemans | Elias Vlieg | R. De Gelder | Karen Johnston | Joop H. ter Horst
Source: Crystal Growth & Design (article, 2022-08-25)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Comparing and Quantifying the Efficiency of Cocrystal Screening Methods for Praziquantel Pharmaceutical cocrystals are highly interesting due to their effect on physicochemical properties and their role in separation technologies, particularly for chiral molecules. Detection of new cocrystals is a challenge, and robust screening methods are required. As numerous techniques exist that differ in their crystallization mechanisms, their efficiencies depend on the coformers investigated. The most important parameters characterizing the methods are the (a) screenable coformer fraction, (b) coformer success rate, (c) ability to give several cocrystals per successful coformer, (d) identification of new stable phases, and (e) experimental convenience. Based on these parameters, we compare and quantify the performance of three methods: liquid-assisted grinding, solvent evaporation, and saturation temperature measurements of mixtures. These methods were used to screen 30 molecules, predicted by a network-based link prediction algorithm (described in Cryst. Growth Des. <b>2021,</b> <i>21</i>(6), 3428-3437) as potential coformers for the target molecule praziquantel. The solvent evaporation method presented more drawbacks than advantages, liquid-assisted grinding emerged as the most successful and the quickest, while saturation temperature measurements provided equally good results in a slower route yielding additional solubility information relevant for future screenings, single-crystal growth, and cocrystal production processes. Seventeen cocrystals were found, with 14 showing stability and 12 structures resolved. Cocrystal ; Crystallization ; Solubility ; Molecule ; Grinding ; Solvent ; Active ingredient ; Process engineering ; Materials science ; Evaporation ; Nanotechnology ; Chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Thermodynamics ; Hydrogen bond ; Bioinformatics Crystallography and molecular interactions ; Crystallization and Solubility Studies ; Chemical Thermodynamics and Molecular Structure
Authors: Mariacristina Turino | Nicolás Pazos‐Pérez | Luca Guerrini | Ramón A. Álvarez‐Puebla
Source: RSC Advances (review, 2022-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Positively-charged plasmonic nanostructures for SERS sensing applications Surface-enhanced Raman (SERS) spectroscopy has been establishing itself as an ultrasensitive analytical technique with a cross-disciplinary range of applications, which scientific growth is triggered by the continuous improvement in the design of advanced plasmonic materials with enhanced multifunctional abilities and tailorable surface chemistry. In this regard, conventional synthetic procedures yield negatively-charged plasmonic materials which can hamper the adhesion of negatively-charged species. To tackle this issue, metallic surfaces have been modified <i>via</i> diverse procedures with a broad array of surface ligands to impart positive charges. Cationic amines have been preferred because of their ability to retain a positive zeta potential even at alkaline pH as well as due to their wide accessibility in terms of structural features and cost. In this review, we will describe and discuss the different approaches for generating positively-charged plasmonic platforms and their applications in SERS sensing. Plasmon ; Nanotechnology ; Nanostructure ; Materials science ; Plasmonic nanoparticles ; Nanoparticle ; Chemistry ; Optoelectronics Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications ; Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research
Authors: Xuesan Su | Yaonan Wang | Jianxu Mao | Yurong Chen | Ating Yin | Bingrui Zhao | Hui Zhang | Min Liu
Source: Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems (review, 2022-07-22)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

A Review of Pharmaceutical Robot based on Hyperspectral Technology Hyperspectral imaging ; Quality (philosophy) ; Counterfeit ; Computer science ; Visual inspection ; Process (computing) ; Chemical imaging ; Artificial intelligence ; Robot ; Pharmaceutical industry ; Systems engineering ; Engineering ; Medicine ; Geography Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research ; Identification and Quantification in Food
Authors: Guosheng Zhang | Tongyu Xu | Youwen Tian
Source: Plant Methods (article, 2022-11-19)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Hyperspectral imaging-based classification of rice leaf blast severity over multiple growth stages The proposed SRR data analysis method is able to eliminate differences among individuals to some extent, thus allowing for its application to assess rice leaf blast severity over multiple growth stages. Our approach, which can supplement single-stage disease-degree classification, provides a possible direction for future research on the assessment of plant disease severity during multiple growth stages. Hyperspectral imaging ; Support vector machine ; Generalizability theory ; Grading (engineering) ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Statistics ; Mathematics ; Computer science ; Biology ; Artificial intelligence Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Remote Sensing in Agriculture ; Smart Agriculture and AI
Authors: Geovanni Figueroa-Mata | Erick Mata‐Montero | Juan Carlos Valverde | Dagoberto Arias‐Aguilar | Nelson Zamora-Villalobos
Source: Frontiers in Plant Science (article, 2022-04-01)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Using Deep Learning to Identify Costa Rican Native Tree Species From Wood Cut Images Tree species identification is critical to support their conservation, sustainable management and, particularly, the fight against illegal logging. Therefore, it is very important to develop fast and accurate identification systems even for non-experts. In this research we have achieved three main results. First, we developed-from scratch and using new sample collecting and processing protocols-an dataset called <i>CRTreeCuts</i> that comprises macroscopic cross-section images of 147 native tree species from Costa Rica. Secondly, we implemented a CNN for automated tree species identification based on macroscopic images of cross-sections of wood. For this CNN we apply the fine-tuning technique with VGG16 as a base model, pre-trained with the ImageNet data set. This model is trained and tested with a subset of 75 species from CRTreeCuts. The top-1 and top-3 accuracies achieved in the testing phase are 70.5% and 80.3%, respectively. The Same-Specimen-Picture Bias (SSPB), which is known to erroneously increase accuracy, is absent in all experiments. Finally, the third result is Cocobolo, an Android mobile application that uses the developed CNN as back-end to identify Costa Rican tree species from images of cross-sections of wood. Tree (set theory) ; Puerto rican ; Geography ; Biology ; Forestry ; Artificial intelligence ; Botany ; Mathematics ; Computer science ; Combinatorics ; Ethnology ; Sociology Wood and Agarwood Research ; Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications ; Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies
Authors: Cheng Liu | Wei Xu
Source: Coatings (article, 2022-11-30)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Effect of Coating Process on Properties of Two-Component Waterborne Polyurethane Coatings for Wood Acrylic acid has good environmental weather resistance, water resistance, alcohol resistance, dirt resistance, and other properties. An acrylic acid dispersion with a core–shell structure was prepared and reacted with a polyisocyanate-type curing agent to prepare a waterborne polyurethane topcoat suitable for wood. The prepared two-component polyurethane topcoat was used in combination with a waterborne primer and a waterborne sealing primer and applied to Pine (Pinus strobus) boards to carry out gloss, wear resistance, and adhesion experiments. The effects of different coating amounts and spraying times on the comprehensive properties of the wood coatings were studied. The experimental results showed that when the self-made two-component polyurethane topcoat for wood was matched with the primer and the sealing primer, the coating amount of the sealing primer had little effect on improving the adhesion and wear resistance but had a significant effect on the gloss. The spraying times of the primer and the topcoat greatly impacted the adhesion, but they had no decisive impact on the improvement of the gloss. When the coating amount was 60 g/m2 for the waterborne sealing primer, 100 g/m2 for waterborne primer, and 120 g/m2 for the self-made topcoat and the coating was sprayed twice, the comprehensive performance of the obtained film on the wood was the best. This research on the preparation and coating process optimization of the two-component waterborne polyurethane coatings for wood can provide a technical basis for the application of two-component waterborne polyurethane topcoats for wood. Gloss (optics) ; Polyurethane ; Materials science ; Coating ; Composite material ; Primer (cosmetics) ; Water resistance ; Organic chemistry Polymer composites and self-healing ; Lignin and Wood Chemistry ; Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: Matthew J. Burn | Paul L. A. Popelier
Source: Digital Discovery (article, 2022-12-09)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

FEREBUS: a high-performance modern Gaussian process regression engine FEREBUS is a highly optimised Gaussian process regression (GPR) engine, which provides both model and optimiser flexibility to produce tailored models designed for domain specific applications. Regression ; Process (computing) ; Gaussian process ; Kriging ; Computer science ; Statistics ; Mathematics ; Machine learning ; Gaussian ; Operating system ; Physics Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Inference
Authors: Bob Challen | Rainer Cramer
Source: PROTEOMICS (review, 2022-06-16)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Advances in ionisation techniques for mass spectrometry‐based omics research Omics analysis by mass spectrometry (MS) is a vast field, with proteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics dominating recent research by exploiting biological MS ionisation techniques. Traditional MS ionisation techniques such as electrospray ionisation have limitations in analyte-specific sensitivity, modes of sampling and throughput, leading to many researchers investigating new ionisation methods for omics research. In this review, we examine the current landscape of these new ionisation techniques, divided into the three groups of (electro)spray-based, laser-based and other miscellaneous ionisation techniques. Due to the wide range of new developments, this review can only provide a starting point for further reading on each ionisation technique, as each have unique benefits, often for specialised applications, which promise beneficial results for different areas in the omics world. Metabolomics ; Proteomics ; Mass spectrometry ; Lipidomics ; Omics ; Computational biology ; Data science ; Chemistry ; Computer science ; Nanotechnology ; Bioinformatics ; Chromatography ; Biology ; Materials science ; Biochemistry Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Authors: Naga Babu Chinnam | Aleem Syed | Greg L. Hura | Michal Hammel | John A. Tainer | Susan E. Tsutakawa
Source: Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology (article, 2022-10-31)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Combining small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) with protein structure predictions to characterize conformations in solution Small-angle X-ray scattering ; Scattering ; Cluster analysis ; Protein structure ; Biological system ; Sequence homology ; Experimental data ; Homology modeling ; Small-angle scattering ; Computational biology ; Computer science ; Chemistry ; Physics ; Machine learning ; Biology ; Peptide sequence ; Mathematics ; Biochemistry Enzyme Structure and Function ; Protein Structure and Dynamics ; Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications
Authors: Amir Mir | Xichun Luo | Iñigo Llavori | Anish Roy | Danka Labus Zlatanović | Shrikrishna N. Joshi | Saurav Goel
Source: Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials/Journal of mechanical behavior of biomedical materials (review, 2022-03-20)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Challenges and issues in continuum modelling of tribology, wear, cutting and other processes involving high-strain rate plastic deformation of metals Contribution of finite element method (FEM) as a modelling and simulation technique to represent complex tribological processes has improved our understanding about various biomaterials. This paper presents a review of the advances in the domain of finite element (FE) modelling for simulating tribology, wear, cutting and other processes involving high-strain rate plastic deformation of metals used in bio tribology and machining. Although the study is largely focused on material removal cases in metals, the modelling strategies can be applied to a wide range of other materials. This study discusses the development of friction models, meshing and remeshing strategies, and constitutive material models. The mesh-based and meshless formulations employed for bio tribological simulations with their advantages and limitations are also discussed. The output solution variables including scratch forces, local temperature, residual stresses are analyzed as a function of input variables. Tribology ; Materials science ; Finite element method ; Scratch ; Machining ; Deformation (meteorology) ; Mechanical engineering ; Constitutive equation ; Strain rate ; Composite material ; Structural engineering ; Metallurgy ; Engineering High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior ; Metal Alloys Wear and Properties ; Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
Authors: Weishu Zhao | Bozitao Zhong | Lirong Zheng | Pan Tan | Yinzhao Wang | Hao Leng | Nicolas R. de Souza | Zhuo Liu | Liang Hong | Xiang Xiao
Source: Nature Communications (article, 2022-12-21)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Proteome-wide 3D structure prediction provides insights into the ancestral metabolism of ancient archaea and bacteria Ancestral metabolism has remained controversial due to a lack of evidence beyond sequence-based reconstructions. Although prebiotic chemists have provided hints that metabolism might originate from non-enzymatic protometabolic pathways, gaps between ancestral reconstruction and prebiotic processes mean there is much that is still unknown. Here, we apply proteome-wide 3D structure predictions and comparisons to investigate ancestorial metabolism of ancient bacteria and archaea, to provide information beyond sequence as a bridge to the prebiotic processes. We compare representative bacterial and archaeal strains, which reveal surprisingly similar physiological and metabolic characteristics via microbiological and biophysical experiments. Pairwise comparison of protein structures identify the conserved metabolic modules in bacteria and archaea, despite interference from overly variable sequences. The conserved modules (for example, middle of glycolysis, partial TCA, proton/sulfur respiration, building block biosynthesis) constitute the basic functions that possibly existed in the archaeal-bacterial common ancestor, which are remarkably consistent with the experimentally confirmed protometabolic pathways. These structure-based findings provide a new perspective to reconstructing the ancestral metabolism and understanding its origin, which suggests high-throughput protein 3D structure prediction is a promising approach, deserving broader application in future ancestral exploration. Archaea ; Proteome ; Biology ; Computational biology ; Evolutionary biology ; Phylogenetics ; Bacteria ; Genetics ; Gene Enzyme Structure and Function ; Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies ; Protein Structure and Dynamics
Authors: Kai Liu | Anna Salvati | Alan Sabirsh
Source: Nanoscale (review, 2022-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Physiology, pathology and the biomolecular corona: the confounding factors in nanomedicine design The biomolecular corona that forms on nanomedicines in different physiological and pathological environments confers a new biological identity. How the recipient biological system's state can potentially affect nanomedicine corona formation, and how this can be modulated, remains obscure. With this perspective, this review summarizes the current knowledge about the content of biological fluids in various compartments and how they can be affected by pathological states, thus impacting biomolecular corona formation. The content of representative biological fluids is explored, and the urgency of integrating corona formation, as an essential component of nanomedicine designs for effective cargo delivery, is highlighted. Nanomedicine ; Nanotechnology ; Corona (planetary geology) ; Computer science ; Materials science ; Biology ; Nanoparticle ; Astrobiology Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; RNA Interference and Gene Delivery ; Characterization and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Jee Hyun Seong | Chi Wang | Bren Phillips | Matteo Bucci
Source: Applied Thermal Engineering (article, 2022-05-20)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Effect of PVD-coated chromium on the subcooled flow boiling performance of nuclear reactor cladding materials Subcooling ; Materials science ; Boiling ; Nucleate boiling ; Nucleation ; Surface roughness ; Coating ; Chrome plating ; Composite material ; Metallurgy ; Heat flux ; Thermodynamics ; Heat transfer ; Layer (electronics) Nuclear Materials and Properties ; Heat Transfer and Boiling Studies ; Nuclear Engineering Thermal-Hydraulics
Authors: James L. Webb | Luca Troise | Nikolaj Winther Hansen | Louise F. Frellsen | Christian Osterkamp | Fedor Jelezko | Steffen Jankuhn | Jan Meijer | Kirstine Berg‐Sørensen | Jean‐Françóis Perrier | Alexander Huck | Ulrik L. Andersen
Source: Physical Review Applied (article, 2022-06-27)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

High-Speed Wide-Field Imaging of Microcircuitry Using Nitrogen Vacancies in Diamond The ability to measure the passage of electrical current with high spatial and temporal resolution is vital for applications ranging from inspection of microscopic electronic circuits to biosensing. The ability to image such signals passively and remotely is of great importance, in order to measure without invasive disruption of the system under study or the signal itself. A recent approach to achieving this utilizes point defects in solid-state materials; in particular, nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. Acting as a high-density array of independent sensors, addressable opto-electronically and highly sensitive to factors including temperature and magnetic field, these are ideally suited to microscopic wide-field imaging. In this work, we demonstrate simultaneous spatially and temporally resolved recovery signals from a microscopic lithographically patterned circuit. Through application of a lock-in amplifier camera, we demonstrate micrometer-scale imaging resolution with a millimeter-scale field of view with simultaneous spatially resolved submillisecond (up to 3500 frames ${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) recovery of dc to kilohertz alternating and broadband pulsed-current electrical signals, without aliasing or undersampling. We demonstrate as examples of our method the recovery of synthetic signals replicating digital pulses in integrated circuits and signals that would be observed in a biological neuronal network in the brain. Diamond ; Field (mathematics) ; Nitrogen ; Materials science ; Physics ; Mathematics ; Quantum mechanics Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications ; High-pressure geophysics and materials