jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Thu Hac Huong Le | Hisako Sato | Takuo Tanaka | Dmitry Budker
Source: Small (article, 2025-07-28)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Large‐Area Metallic Nanohelices for Engineering Optical Chirality Submicrometer helical structures possess unique properties and functionalities arising from their intrinsic twisting nature. However, existing fabrication methods are often limited to small sample sizes, hindering comprehensive characterization and practical implementation. In this study, a scalable self-assembly method for fabricating metallic helices through a transformation of planar microstrips into helical geometries upon their release from the substrate is presented. This technique exploits the nanoscale engineering of residual stress and gradient strains within the metallic strips to induce spontaneous folding and twisting. This method allows for large-scale production while providing precise control over structural parameters. Notably, the ability to produce centimeter-scale samples has facilitated the characterization of chiroptical properties using standard spectrometers. Experimental measurements and numerical simulations reveal pronounced chiroptical responses in the mid- and near-infrared regions for helices with radii on the order of hundreds of nanometers. These findings clarify the geometric factors that influence the excitation of chiral eigenmodes and thereby establish a straightforward framework for designing metallic helices as chiral plasmonic structures tailored to specific operating wavelengths. This study marks a significant advancement in the fabrication of helical and 3D nanostructures, with potential implications for photonics, stereochemistry, and chiroptical spectroscopy. Materials science ; Fabrication ; Photonics ; Plasmon ; Chirality (physics) ; Nanotechnology ; Characterization (materials science) ; Nanoscopic scale ; Folding (DSP implementation) ; Planar ; Interferometry ; Helix (gastropod) ; Nanometre ; Nanostructure ; Antiparallel (mathematics) ; Optoelectronics ; Optics ; Physics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Materials and Mechanics ; Liquid Crystal Research Advancements
Authors: Akihiro Nakanishi | Takayuki Nakanishi | Naoto HIROSAKI | Koji Morita | Takashi TAKEDA
Source: Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan (article, 2025-12-25)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Photoluminescence of perovskite-type Cr&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt;-activated phosphors in the La–Al–Ti–O system Cr 3+ -activated near-infrared emitting phosphor has a potential application in plant growth and sensing 10 technologies.Herein, we synthesized near-infrared emitting La 1-x/3 Al 1-x-y Ti x O 3 : yCr 3+ phosphor by a solid-state 11 reaction.La 1-x/3 Al 1-x-y Ti x O 3 : yCr 3+ (x = 0.2, y = 0.003) showed the near-infrared emission at 751 nm with a full width 12 at half-maximum of 41 nm under 351 nm excitation.The internal and external quantum efficiencies were 54.4% 13 and 25.5%, respectively.The luminescence intensities at 150 of the La 1-x/3 Al 1-x-y Ti x O 3 : yCr 3+ (x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3, 14 y = 0.003) were 32%, 17%, and 3% of those at room temperature, respectively.The thermal quenching effect 15 strongly occurred with increasing the amount of Ti and it was related to the change in the absorbance edge of the 16 host material La 1-x/3 Al 1-x-y Ti x O 3 .17 Photoluminescence ; Phosphor ; Luminescence ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Optical materials Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials ; Microwave Dielectric Ceramics Synthesis ; Inorganic Chemistry and Materials
Authors: Yogeshvaran R. Nagarajan | Farukh Farukh | Karthikeyan Kandan
Source: Journal of Composites Science (article, 2025-01-15)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

The Influence of Architecture on the Tensile and Flexural Properties of Single-Polymer Composites This study investigates the tensile and flexural properties of self-reinforced polylactic acid (SrPLA) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (SrPET) for prosthetic socket applications. These self-reinforced polymer (srP) composites utilize both a matrix and reinforcement made from the same material, resulting in an optimal matrix–interface bond that significantly enhances mechanical properties compared to traditional bulk polymers and composites. Prosthetic sockets serve as a critical interface between an amputee’s residuum and the prosthetic components, such as pylons and feet. Conventional socket materials, including monolithic high-density polyethylene and polypropylene, as well as advanced fillers reinforced with thermoset resins, often fall short in strength or affordability, particularly for amputees in low- to middle-income countries. In this study, we employed srP composites with various architectural stitch densities, aiming to achieve superior material properties. The results demonstrate that these materials exhibit higher strength and strain capabilities than many existing prosthetic materials. Notably, the low-density srPET composites achieved a tensile strength of 85.11 MPa and a strain of 19.7%, while high-density srPLA exhibited a failure strength of 36.65 MPa and a strain of 1.4%. Additionally, our findings reveal that the stiffness of both srPLA and srPET increases as the density of the reinforcement decreases. Overall, this study suggests that srP composites represent a viable and sustainable alternative for the manufacturing of prosthetic sockets, offering both enhanced performance and cost-effectiveness. Composite material ; Flexural strength ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Materials science Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials ; Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
Authors: Eliška Mikmeková | Lukáš Průcha | Ivo Konvalina | Veronika Pizúrová | Jakub Piňos | Ilona Müllerová
Source: Microscopy and Microanalysis (article, 2025-07-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

High Quality Graphene for Electron Microscopy Application Graphene ; Electron microscope ; Materials science ; Microscopy ; Electron ; Nanotechnology ; Optics ; Physics ; Nuclear physics Graphene research and applications ; Carbon Nanotubes in Composites ; Radiation Effects in Electronics
Authors: David Johansson | Anna L. Schmidt | Michael Carter | Elisa Rodríguez
Source: International Journal of Bioscience and Biochemistry (article, 2025-07-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Optimizing fermentation parameters for enhanced fungal chitosan yield using agro industrial waste: A biochemical approach The growing interest in sustainable biotechnological applications has led to the exploration of agro-industrial waste as a resource for producing fungal chitosan, a versatile biopolymer with various industrial applications. Chitosan derived from fungi offers numerous advantages over crustacean chitosan, including non-allergenic properties and the potential for higher yields. This research focuses on optimizing the fermentation parameters for enhanced fungal chitosan production using agro-industrial waste as a substrate. The aim is to identify the ideal conditions that promote fungal growth and chitosan synthesis while reducing the environmental footprint associated with traditional sources. The fermentation process was optimized by varying parameters such as pH, temperature, inoculum concentration, and substrate composition, specifically focusing on agro-industrial waste materials such as rice husk, wheat bran, and sugarcane bagasse. The effect of these parameters on fungal biomass, chitosan yield, and its biochemical properties were analyzed through various analytical techniques, including FTIR, HPLC, and yield measurement. Our findings indicate that the optimal conditions for fungal chitosan production were a pH of 5.5, a temperature of 28 °C, and a fermentation period of 7 days with a substrate composition of 50% wheat bran and 50% rice husk. These conditions resulted in a significant increase in chitosan yield compared to conventional substrates. This research demonstrates the potential of agro-industrial waste as an effective and sustainable source for fungal chitosan production, contributing to both environmental sustainability and the circular economy. Further investigation into the downstream processing of fungal chitosan and its applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture is recommended. Chitosan ; Fermentation ; Bran ; Biopolymer ; Yield (engineering) ; Solid-state fermentation ; Substrate (aquarium) Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging ; Studies on Chitinases and Chitosanases ; Biofuel production and bioconversion
Authors: Aktham Mestareehi
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2025-11-04)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Development and Validation of a Robust Stability-Indicating Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Brimonidine Tartrate and Timolol Maleate (Combigan ® ) in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Timolol ; Dorzolamide ; Brimonidine ; Triethylamine ; High-performance liquid chromatography ; Tartrate ; Detection limit Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals ; Helminth infection and control ; Pharmacological Effects and Assays
Authors: Chieh-Chin Li | Crina M. Nimigean
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2025-06-05)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Mechanism of Lipid-Dependent Thermosensation in an Ion Channel Abstract Temperature sensing is a fundamental biological process that allows organisms to detect and respond to environmental. Ion channels that gate in response to temperature changes, known as thermoreceptors, play key roles in this process. Although the phenomena affected by temperature in many thermoreceptors have been widely studied, the molecular mechanisms by which these proteins sense temperature remain controversial and poorly understood. Here, we investigated the molecular details of temperature sensing in a thermophilic bacterial ion channel, SthK from Spirochaeta thermophila , a homologue of mammalian hyperpolarization-activated and cyclic nucleotide-modulated (HCN) channels with well-characterized structure and function. We show that SthK is a cold-sensitive ion channel, displaying higher activity when temperatures are decreased below 30 °C. Intriguingly, the SthK cold sensitivity is highly dependent on the lipid composition, being sensitive in the presence of amine-containing lipids, and insensitive in the presence of anionic lipids. By combining cryo-EM structural analysis, mutagenesis, and functional assays, we demonstrated that a functionally important intersubunit salt bridge that was previously shown to be important in lipid modulation, acts as the temperature sensor in these channels. This salt bridge is state-dependent, stabilizes closed states, and needs to break for the channel to open. Lower temperatures that weaken salt bridge interactions thus favor channel opening. Lipid-binding at this location tune temperature sensitivity by modulating the salt bridge strength through their headgroup charge and size. Interesting to note, equivalent salt bridges are also found in other ion channels such as HCN channels and, notably, TRPM8, an established cold-sensitive thermoreceptor, suggesting that this mechanism could be conserved in other temperature-sensitive ion channels. Our findings highlight a finely tuned interplay between structural elements and membrane environment, suggesting that thermosensitivity can emerge from the cooperative effects of salt bridge energetics and lipid context. Mechanism (biology) ; Ion channel ; Channel (broadcasting) ; Business ; Biophysics ; Chemistry ; Computer science ; Telecommunications ; Physics ; Biology ; Biochemistry thermodynamics and calorimetric analyses ; Electrochemical Analysis and Applications ; Fuel Cells and Related Materials
Authors: Sergio J. Sanabria | C. Delgado-Sánchez | F.J. Navarro
Source: Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal (article, 2025-07-25)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Towards Sustainable Energy Storage: The Potential of anhydrous Pickering Emulsions As the global demand for renewable energy accelerates, finding reliable and efficient energy storage solutions becomes increasingly essential to address the challenge of intermittency on energy generation, as in the case of solar and wind energy (1). One promising approach involves the use of emulsions containing phase change materials (PCMs), systems that can effectively store and release thermal energy during phase transitions (2). Despite their potential, PCM-based emulsions face key challenges, such as long-term stability and ensuring processability in practical applications. Our study introduces an innovative approach by developing and characterizing water-free Pickering emulsions, in which paraffin (with a melting point of 58-60°C) acts as the PCM dispersed as droplets, while PEG serves as the continuous phase, and are stabilized using solid silica nanoparticles. Anhydrous ; Pickering emulsion ; Chemical engineering ; Materials science ; Environmental science ; Nanotechnology ; Polymer science ; Chemistry ; Engineering ; Organic chemistry ; Nanoparticle Pickering emulsions and particle stabilization
Authors: Boni Swadesi | Fadhlan Barrul Azmi | Avianto Kabul Pratiknyo | Aditya Kurniawan | Suwardi Suwardi
Source: RSF Conference Series Engineering and Technology (article, 2025-10-15)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Salinity Effects on Anionic AEC Surfactant with n-Decane: IFT, Phase Behavior, Solubilization, Microemulsion Viscosity n-Decane is a common model oil for isolating salinity effects in surfactant systems. In anionic AEC formulations, salinity influences IFT reduction, microemulsion topology, solubilization capacity, and flow behavior. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of NaCl salinity (0–32,000 ppm) on IFT, Winsor transitions, solubilization ratio, and microemulsion viscosity in n-decane/AEC systems, and to determine working concentrations using a CMC test derived from IFT. In this study, the method used was to determine the CMC from the breakpoint of the IFT curve versus the log concentration of AEC in the reference brine. Working concentrations of 2 percent w/w. were selected above the CMC. IFT was measured with a spinning-drop tensiometer at a controlled temperature. Phase behavior was mapped through a salinity scan to identify Winsor I–III–II. The solubilization ratio was calculated from the volume of the middle phase at equilibrium composition. The viscosity of the microemulsion was characterized using a Brookfield DV3T (C40 spindle) with a stepwise shear protocol. In n-decane model systems, salinity governs interfacial properties and phase structure that, in turn, modulate rheology. CMC-by-IFT selection of working dose and tuning salinity near HLD 0 provide a reliable framework for AEC formulation design and for calibrating process parameters ahead of controlled core-flood studies. Microemulsion ; Pulmonary surfactant ; Salinity ; Viscosity ; Phase (matter) ; Rheology ; Solubilization ; Tensiometer (surface tension) Surfactants and Colloidal Systems ; Petroleum Processing and Analysis ; Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques
Authors: Balkis Fatomer A. Bakar
Source: Journal of Oil Palm Research (article, 2025-07-11)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

EVALUATION OF LAMINATED PANELS FROM SEMANTAN BAMBOO AND OIL PALM TRUNKS FOR SUSTAINABLE COMPOSITE MANUFACTURING The increasing demand for sustainable materials in the composite industry has driven interest in alternative non-wood resources.Among them, bamboo and oil palm biomass are recognised as potential natural fibres that can be utilised to develop eco-friendly composite materials.This study aimed to evaluate the properties of laminated panels made from Semantan bamboo crush mat and oil palm trunk (OPT) veneer with different layer configurations.Three types of laminated panels are compared in the study: A bamboo mats panel, an OPT veneers panel and a hybrid panel with veneer applied as the core layer while the mats served as surface layers.The composites were fabricated using a hot-pressed technique and urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin as a binder.The panels were tested for physical and mechanical properties and the results showed that layer configuration significantly influenced these properties.The panel consisting entirely of a bamboo mat showed the best performance, while the hybrid panel was comparable in most properties tested.On the other hand, the panel with entirely OPT veneers was inferior, suggesting that the hybrid panel would be a promising alternative to wood-based products. Bamboo ; Palm oil ; Composite number ; Palm ; Engineered wood ; Pulp and paper industry ; Materials science ; Environmental science ; Composite material ; Engineering ; Agroforestry ; Physics Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials
Authors: Jara Fernández
Source: Optica Pura y Aplicada (article, 2025-03-31)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Optimizing Plasmonic Coupling in Gold Nanoparticle Metasurfaces: A Theoretical Investigation This study investigates the plasmonic response of gold nanoparticle metasurfaces using the theory of thin island films.It explores how factors such as nanoparticle shape, size, surface coverage, and anisotropy influence localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs).Spherical nanoparticles exhibit a single LSPR dip, with an increase in size leading to a redshift and enhanced resonance strength.Surface coverage modulates plasmonic coupling, with moderate values that enhance interactions, while excessive coverage leads to plasmon hybridisation and resonance broadening.Oblate spheroidal nanoparticles exhibit anisotropy-induced mode splitting in p-polarization and a redshift in s-polarization, with higher anisotropy enhancing the plasmonic response.The conditions for critical coupling, where reflectance approaches zero, are identified as functions of particle size, coverage, and anisotropy.These findings provide insights into tuning the properties of LSPRs in thin island films for applications in plasmonic sensing and photonics. Plasmon ; Coupling (piping) ; Plasmonic nanoparticles ; Nanoparticle ; Nanotechnology ; Materials science ; Colloidal gold ; Optoelectronics ; Composite material Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research ; Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications
Authors: Frédéric Rosu | R. Chiba | Arjun Mani Mallika | Athanasios Smyrnakis | Jean‐François Greisch | Dimitris Papanastasiou | Valérie Gabelica
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2025-11-10)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Activation of oligonucleotide polyanions using collisions, electrons and photons in a timsOmni platform ABSTRACT We describe here various ion activation experiments realized in the Omnitrap™ platform integrated on the timsOmni TM mass spectrometer for the analysis of oligonucleotides in the negative ion mode. The activation methods include resonance collision-induced dissociation ( R CID), electron detachment dissociation (EDD), infrared laser multiple-photon activation (IRMPD) and UV laser photodissociation (UVPD). Special emphasis is given to EDD, either as a standalone technique or in conjunction with vibrational re-activation of the ion radicals. We describe EDD on standard 6-mer DNA sequences that have been extensively characterized on other instruments, followed by a comparison of several activation approaches for the phosphorothioate-based oligonucleotide therapeutics Fomivirsen, and concluding with the fragmentation analysis of 46-mer DNA and RNA. EDD alone already provides excellent sequence information on Fomivirsen, but MS 3 combinations such as EDD- R CID or EDD-IRMPD proved even more effective, including for the 46-mer DNA (less prone to fragmentation than RNA) at a relatively low charge state. The diversity of ion activation combinations available on the Omnitrap platform is demonstrated by an MS 4 experiment investigating the fate of a • and z • radical fragments produced by EDD. TOC graphics Oligonucleotide ; Photodissociation ; Ion ; Dissociation (chemistry) ; Fragmentation (computing) ; Mass spectrometry ; DNA ; Laser Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry ; Atomic and Molecular Physics
Authors: Fang Tang | Brandon Applewhite | Bowen Wang | Bin Jiang
Source: Advanced NanoBiomed Research (article, 2025-11-16)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Redox‐Responsive Mitochondrial Delivery from Functionalized Vascular Stent Surfaces Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are key contributors to impaired vascular healing following stent implantation. Although drug‐eluting stents reduce restenosis, they do not promote tissue regeneration or correct cellular metabolic deficits. A redox‐responsive mitochondrial delivery system is developed for localized therapeutic release from vascular stent surfaces. Intact mitochondria are immobilized onto Nitinol substrates through a stepwise surface modification strategy incorporating a reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐cleavable linker. Upon exposure to elevated ROS levels, mitochondria are released in a dose‐dependent manner and internalized by human endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. Transmission electron microscopy confirms the integrity of isolated mitochondria, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry validate successful surface functionalization and grafting. The modified surfaces demonstrate high biocompatibility, with minimal cytotoxicity and reduced platelet adhesion. Released mitochondria restore mitochondrial membrane potential, oxygen consumption rate and enhance cell viability under oxidative stress. Ex vivo assessment in rat aortic tissue provides visual confirmation of mitochondrial uptake in a physiologically relevant context. This platform establishes a stimulus‐responsive, organelle‐based therapeutic strategy that targets mitochondrial dysfunction at the biomaterial–tissue interface and offers potential to enhance vascular regeneration in oxidative microenvironments following endovascular interventions. Mitochondrion ; Oxidative stress ; Reactive oxygen species ; Vascular smooth muscle ; Ex vivo ; Oxidative phosphorylation ; Regeneration (biology) ; In vivo Advanced Nanomaterials in Catalysis ; Mitochondrial Function and Pathology ; Infectious Aortic and Vascular Conditions