jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Source: International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Sustainability Patterns of Coconut Agribusiness Systems in West Java Province, Indonesia The Sustainable Development Goals emphasize the use of local resources to contribute to economic growth while adhering to the principles of sustainability.This also applies to West Java Province, a region widely recognized for its coconut production.Therefore, this study aims to examine the sustainability of the coconut agribusiness system and to construct a sustainability pattern for coconut agribusiness.The research employs a mixed-method design with a quantitative dominance, involving 368 actors in the coconut agribusiness system in Pangandaran Regency, a central hub of coconut agribusiness in the province.Data were analyzed using the Multi-Dimensional Scaling method, while the sustainability patterns were developed through a systems thinking approach, presented in the form of a causal loop diagram.The findings reveal that the sustainability level of coconut agribusiness in West Java, assessed through five sustainability dimensions, is classified as moderately sustainable, with a sustainability index score of 51.72.The environmental dimension was identified as the most sensitive factor influencing sustainability, with an index score of 54.45.This is consistent with the reality that West Java's environmental conditions are highly favorable for coconut agribusiness activities, both at the on-farm and off-farm stages.Nevertheless, the analysis also indicates that further development of the coconut agribusiness system requires greater attention, particularly in addressing the relatively lower scores in the economic, social, institutional, and technological dimensions.Advancing this sector calls for the implementation of comprehensive sustainability patterns, supported by policy interventions that are inclusive and responsive to the needs of all coconut agribusiness stakeholders. Agribusiness ; Java ; Sustainability ; Business ; Agroforestry ; Agricultural science ; Agriculture ; Biology ; Computer science ; Ecology Coconut Research and Applications
Authors: Hossein Beygi Nasrabadi | Ebrahim Norouzi | Kostiantyn Hubaiev | Jörg Waitelonis | Harald Sack
Source: Advanced Engineering Materials (article, 2025-11-27)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

NFDI MatWerk Ontology (MWO): A BFO‐Compliant Ontology for Research Data Management in Materials Science and Engineering The growing complexity and heterogeneity of research data in materials science and engineering (MSE) demand structured and interoperable solutions for effective data management and reuse. To address this challenge, this article introduces the National Research Data Infrastructure (NFDI)‐MatWerk Ontology (MWO), as a semantic foundation to standardize metadata, link distributed datasets, and support digital research data management (RDM) in MSE. MWO addresses the need for the structured, standardized, and semantically rich representation of key entities, processes, and resources involved in the generation, sharing, and reuse of MSE research data. Aligned with the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) , MWO develops as a modular extension of the NFDIcore ontology, and reuses Platform MaterialDigital core ontology (PMDco) MWO offers broad semantic coverage, modeling elements such as researchers, organizations, projects, software, workflows, datasets, metadata schemas, instruments, events, and services. It supports modular, scalable development through ontology design patterns (ODPs) and is maintained via the Ontology Development Kit (ODK) following best practices from the Open Biomedical Ontologies (OBO) Foundry. MWO also serves as the foundation for the MSE Knowledge Graph (MS‐KG), which integrates semantically interlinked research data across the NFDI‐MatWerk consortium and wider MSE community. Ontology ; Ontology-based data integration ; Upper ontology ; Interoperability ; Metadata ; Ontology engineering ; Process ontology ; Reuse ; Data management ; Open Biomedical Ontologies Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Research Data Management Practices ; Scientific Computing and Data Management
Authors: Tong Tang | Haofei Shi | F. Li | Shaojie Ma | Xinping Zhang
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2025-08-06)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Optimizing equivalent testing for scaled projectile penetration into multilayer concrete targets with fuse overload via layer-by-layer chasing-catching methodology Existing public optimization methods for determining the equivalent experimental conditions of scaled projectiles penetrating multilayer concrete targets face issues where the peak overload of the fuse for scaled projectiles is lower than for prototype projectiles, or although the overload peak of the former is higher than that of the latter, the accuracy is not high (some results showing errors as high as 580%). Based on the chasing-catching method for solving tridiagonal linear equations, this work proposes the layer-by-layer chasing-catching method for optimizing the equivalent experimental conditions of scaled projectiles penetrating multilayer targets. This approach is based on the impact velocity and residual velocity of a scaled projectile, and the peak overload and pulse width of the fuse when scaled projectiles penetrate a single-layer target. The method was applied to select equivalent experimental conditions for targets with 2-4 layers when penetrated by a scaled projectile. This method ensured that the peak overloads subjected by fuses for scaled projectiles were 1-1.3 times of those for prototype projectiles, and the pulse widths of the former exceeded those of the latter. Compared with existing optimization methods for equivalent experimental conditions for the penetration of multi-layered targets by scaled projectiles, this layer-by-layer chasing-catching method provided accurate and reliable solutions. Projectile ; Fuse (electrical) ; Layer (electronics) ; Penetration (warfare) ; Computer science ; Materials science ; Composite material ; Engineering ; Operations research ; Electrical engineering ; Metallurgy High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior ; Ion-surface interactions and analysis ; Energetic Materials and Combustion
Authors: Njoku Kenneth Iheukwumere
Source:  (article, 2025-08-04)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Styrofoam as a Substitute for Wax in the Sprue Method of Benin Bronze Casting The bronze-casting tradition of Benin, founded upon the lost wax (cire perdue) technique of ancient times, remains an important icon of Nigeria's cultural and metallurgical heritage. Material and environmental constraints in modern times have brought about material modifications in the casting technique. In this paper, Styrofoam is explored as a viable alternative to wax in the Benin City bronze casting sprue system. The paper employs studio-based research, results of the experimenter's tests, interview of local casters, and comparative technical investigation to explore the effects of material substitution on form fidelity, burnout efficiency, and quality of the cast. Although Styrofoam offers economic advantage and logistical convenience, it also offers challenges to residue control and aesthetic verisimilitude simultaneously. The paper places this innovation in the context of broader discussions of sustainable practice, material culture, and the flexibility of indigenous artistic processes. Although Styrofoam presents a viable and creative alternative to wax used in the sprue method of Benin bronze casting, its use must be considered in good faith not just its advantages but its drawbacks as well. Bronze ; Wax ; Casting ; Sprue ; Metallurgy ; Materials science ; Composite material ; Mold Metallurgy and Material Science ; Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts
Authors: Trevor W. Crosby | Philip A. Townsend | Prabu Ravindran | Brendan C. Heberlein | WILLIAM B. HILLS | Yi Wang
Source: Frontiers in Remote Sensing (article, 2025-02-19)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

What can we learn from a multi-season-stage-variety potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) study using aerial hyperspectral imagery? Proper monitoring of plant nitrogen (N) status and yield forecasting is essential to achieving a healthy crop and to maximizing profitability, especially in N-demanding crops such as potato. The most common method of monitoring potato N status (nitrate-N analysis of petioles) by the potato farmers in Wisconsin is time-consuming, destructive, and is impractical to sufficiently characterize spatial-temporal variability. This study utilized narrow-band hyperspectral imagery (including the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectral regions) collected over two growing seasons from two potato varieties (Russet Burbank and Soraya) grown under varied N treatments to develop robust partial least squares regression (PLSR) models for predicting potato in-season and at-harvest traits related to N. The results indicate that some traits such as leaf total N content, within-season tuber yield, and the marketable yield and quality at harvest could be well predicted for both varieties ( R 2 up to 0.78). The best spectral regions for those predictions varied depending on the growth stages of the plants, with VNIR predominating during early and mid-tuber, and SWIR during late tuber bulking. Our research suggests that the narrow-band hyperspectral imaging technique could be utilized to develop robust models to assist and potentially improve crop N fertilization decision-making, which will eventually result in higher input use efficiency of the cropping systems and better environmental stewardship for the farmers. Hyperspectral imaging ; Solanum tuberosum ; Stage (stratigraphy) ; Aerial imagery ; Remote sensing ; Variety (cybernetics) ; Environmental science ; Horticulture ; Computer science ; Geography ; Artificial intelligence ; Biology Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Potato Plant Research ; Remote Sensing in Agriculture
Authors: L. Pieńkowski
Source: Preprints.org (preprint, 2025-02-03)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Competitiveness Strategies of Key Small Modular Light Water Reactor Projects It is widely recognized that economies of scale enhance the competitiveness of large-scale nuclear reactors compared to small modular light-water reactors (SMRs). As such, choosing an appropriate strategy to enhance competitiveness is crucial for the future of SMRs. Their development is still in the early stages, and among the leading projects, two distinct approaches to technical innovation can be observed. In some projects, technical innovations are rejected because they are perceived as triggers for risky, costly, and long-term processes. In other projects, technical innovations are viewed as a means to achieve substantial cost reductions. Currently, it is challenging not only to identify the most promising SMR projects but also to determine which approach to technical innovation will ultimately be more effective. First, it is worth examining how leading SMR projects have improved their competitiveness. Additionally, even if light-water SMRs are not deployed, it is likely that some of their innovative solutions will be incorporated into other advanced nuclear power plant designs and potentially beyond the nuclear industry. Key (lock) ; Modular design ; Business ; Environmental science ; Process engineering ; Computer science ; Engineering Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies
Authors: Daimon Sakaguchi | Hiroaki Gotoh
Source: Journal of Computer Chemistry Japan (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Elucidating the Origins of π-Facial Selectivity in NucleophilicReactions through Quantitative Evaluation of Electronic States 化学反応の反応性や選択性の起源の解明は学術的に興味深いだけでなく，反応を制御するうえでも重要である．我々は最近，環状ケトンの立体的な電子状態を定量評価して求核反応の面選択性を定量的に説明し解釈する新しい方法を提案した [1]．本稿では日本コンピュータ化学会2024年秋季年会での口頭発表の内容 [2] に基づき，化学反応と立体電子状態に関するこれまでの研究と，我々が開発した新しい方法について紹介する． Selectivity ; Chemistry ; Computational chemistry ; Chemical physics ; Organic chemistry ; Catalysis Organic Chemistry Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Soumyojit Chatterjee | Pratyasha Tripathy | K. Pradhan | Rahul Sharma
Source: Journal of Materials Chemistry C (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Thermoelectric properties of topological Weyl semimetal family RAlX (R = La, Ce, Nd; X = Si, Ge): a first-principles investigation Weyl semimetals have emerged as an exciting class of materials with a myriad of non-trivial transport properties due to their topological nature. Semimetal ; Weyl semimetal ; Thermoelectric effect ; Class (philosophy) ; Topology (electrical circuits) ; Fermion Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices ; Topological Materials and Phenomena ; 2D Materials and Applications
Authors: Lei Sun | Huang Li | Chao Tong
Source: Frontiers in Medicine (article, 2025-12-18)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Combined effects of Evodiae Fructus point application and psycho-cardiology nursing on post-PCI coronary heart disease patients For patients undergoing PCI, integrating Evodiae Fructus point application with psycho-cardiology nursing into standard care significantly improves sleep quality, QoL, and nursing satisfaction, with a favorable safety profile. This combined approach did not, however, confer additional short-term benefits to cardiac function. Coronary heart disease ; Nursing care ; Disease ; Point (geometry) ; Point of care Quinazolinone synthesis and applications ; Cardiac Health and Mental Health ; Alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology
Authors: Ronny Rives | LLuís Batet
Source: Fusion Engineering and Design (article, 2025-12-17)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Numerical investigation of 3D MHD pressure drop in a prototypical fusion blanket manifold using OpenFOAM Reliable prediction of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) pressure losses in liquid-metal breeding blankets is essential for DEMO reactor design. In the European Dual Coolant Lead–Lithium (EU-DCLL) concept, manifold expansions and contractions are expected to dominate the total pressure drop. This work investigates the three-dimensional (3D) MHD pressure drop associated with a sudden expansion representative of the EU-DCLL bottom manifold, using a customized OpenFOAM solver. The solver is validated against analytical solutions and benchmark numerical codes, demonstrating superior stability and mesh efficiency. A set of 45 simulations is conducted for expansion ratios 4–8, Hartmann numbers 1000–5000, and Reynolds numbers 50–2000, spanning the viscous–electromagnetic (VE), inertial–electromagnetic (IE), and intermediate (IVE) regimes. The results reveal complex 3D current loops and flow reversals at high Hartmann numbers. Building on the Rhodes et al. (2018) formulation, we propose a modified correlation with a finite asymptotic term, applicable across VE, IVE, and IE regimes. The new model captures the numerical database with excellent accuracy (R^2 = 0.9914, RMSE = 0.0021) and predicts a 3D MHD pressure drop of ¿P3D = 1.50 kPa under EU-DCLL operating conditions. These findings improve the theoretical consistency of MHD pressure-loss modeling and support manifold optimization for future DEMO blanket designs. Magnetohydrodynamic drive ; Blanket ; Pressure drop ; Solver ; Magnetohydrodynamics ; Benchmark (surveying) ; Reynolds number ; Hartmann number ; Consistency (knowledge bases) Fusion materials and technologies ; Nuclear reactor physics and engineering ; Nuclear Engineering Thermal-Hydraulics
Authors: Ben Ikenson
Source: Scilight (article, 2025-10-14)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Cosmic-ray muons to help evaluate radioactive materials in nuclear fuel debris Scattering method is highly sensitive to high-atomic-number elements like uranium. Debris ; Radioactive waste ; Nuclear decommissioning ; Spent nuclear fuel ; Nuclear fuel Nuclear Materials and Properties ; Nuclear and radioactivity studies ; Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies
Authors: Kirill Trapezon | А. Г. Трапезон
Source: Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies (article, 2025-04-29)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

A technique for applying the symmetry method to solve a problem of torsional vibrations of disks of variable thickness The object of this study is a disk of variable thickness. A solution to the problem of natural torsional vibrations of disks of variable thickness was sought. An algorithm to solve the problem for an arbitrary number of different disk profiles has been constructed. The law of change in disk thickness H(ρ), which contains three arbitrary constants α, С, С1, has been considered. The choice of the disk profile configuration is controlled by changing the values of these three constants. Exact solutions to the problem in elementary functions are known only in two cases, when H(ρ)=1/ρ3 or H(ρ)=ρ-3eαρ, where ρ is the relative radial coordinate and α is an arbitrary constant. These cases are not sufficient for generalizing conclusions about the behavior of disks during their oscillations. For the case of a disk that is rigidly fixed along its inner diameter and with a free outer edge, the corresponding relations were derived. They made it possible to calculate natural numbers and study the distribution of angular displacements of the disk. These numerical parameters, along with the frequency indices, are a convenient technique for evaluating the resonant properties of the disk for practice. A comparison of torsional and radial vibrations of the disk with the chosen law of thickness change was performed. To study torsional vibrations, approximation approaches of thickness change functions were used. It was found that the relative discrepancy between the values of these functions at a certain interval did not exceed 2.2 %. It was found that the differences in the eigenfrequencies of torsional vibrations for the disk of the chosen configuration were significantly smaller than in the case of radial vibrations. A practical algorithm for applying the method used is presented, which could prove useful for further research based on similar analytical approaches. The method makes it possible to choose the desired disk configuration for various practical purposes. Owing to this feature, it is possible to provide the required distribution of cyclic stresses, resonant frequencies, and amplitudes for the disk Symmetry (geometry) ; Variable (mathematics) ; Vibration ; Torsional vibration ; Mathematics ; Physics ; Mathematical analysis ; Geometry ; Acoustics Material Properties and Applications ; Material Science and Thermodynamics ; Elasticity and Wave Propagation
Authors: Ekaterina I. Karzina | Marina A. Gaidym
Source: Труды Санкт-Петербургского государственного морского технического университета (article, 2025-11-03)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Innovative shipbuilding paint systems BACKGROUND: In the contemporary shipbuilding industry, the issue of corrosion protection of ship hulls is becoming especially relevant. Existing protection methods do not completely prevent corrosion, leading to significant economic losses and reduced performance of ships. Nanofillers for paints and coatings is a promising solution of this issue. These technologies allow to develop coatings with the properties exceeding standards. Nanofillers can increase adhesion strength, improve hydrophobic properties, etc. The paper presents a comprehensive study of the influence of nanofillers on the protective properties of paints and coatings and offers recommendations for their sustainable use in shipbuilding. The study is relevant as today, the published papers on the effect of nanofillers on corrosion resistance are scarce. AIM: This work aimed to determine the influence of different types of fillers on the protective properties and corrosion resistance of paints and coatings. METHODS: The study utilized used chalk and talc nanoscale fillers and polarization curve techniques to determine the coating's corrosion resistance. RESULTS: A comparison of protective properties showed that chalk enamel ensures better corrosion protection than talc enamel. The findings may be used to develop new paint and coating formulations and to improve corrosion protection technologies for ship structures. CONCLUSION: The obtained data allowed to determine the following order of corrosion protection performance (steel structures): PF-167 marine enamel talc coating nanotalc coating chalk coating ≈ nanochalk coating. Corrosion ; Coating ; Talc ; Shipbuilding ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Alkyd Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition ; Material Properties and Applications ; Polymer Science and Applications
Authors: Jhenifer Sara Pinheiro Favacho | Paulo Sergio Silva Lima | Isabela Cristina Milla | Lucas Emannuel Ferreira | Vanessa Kelen Nunes | Ivete Mariana Pereira de Souza | Hirasilva Borba
Source: Coatings (article, 2025-12-05)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Effects of Whey Protein, Aloe Vera, or Carnauba Wax Biofilms on the Internal Quality of Eggs from 86-Week-Old Hens Egg quality loss during storage is a major concern in the poultry industry, particularly for eggs from older hens, which are more susceptible to shell thinning, albumen liquefaction, and yolk weakening. This study evaluated the effect of whey protein, Aloe vera, and carnauba-wax coatings on the internal quality of eggs from 86-week-old laying hens stored at room temperature for 21 days. The experimental design consisted of four treatments (uncoated control and three coatings) and four storage times (0, 7, 14, and 21 days). Internal quality was assessed by Haugh unit (HU), yolk index (YI), albumen pH, and yolk color parameters (L*, a*, b*). The results showed that storage time significantly affected all internal quality traits (p &lt; 0.05). Whey protein coating consistently maintained higher HU and YI values and lower albumen pH compared with the control, indicating better preservation of albumen viscosity and CO2 retention. Aloe vera and carnauba-wax coatings had only transient effects, with values similar to the control after 14 days. Yolk color stability also declined over time, with minor protection observed only for the whey protein treatment. In conclusion, whey protein coating provided the best overall preservation of egg internal quality during storage, demonstrating superior gas barrier properties and structural stability. These findings suggest that protein-based coatings may be an effective strategy to extend the shelf life of eggs from aged laying hens. Yolk ; Haugh unit ; Carnauba wax ; Shelf life ; Whey protein ; Egg albumen ; Coating ; Food preservation Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging ; Animal Nutrition and Physiology ; Proteins in Food Systems
Authors: Nikolay Dolchinkov | Nikolay Padarev
Source: Environment Technology Resources Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference (article, 2025-06-08)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

RADIOACTIVE WASTE STORAGE AS AN ELEMENT OF NATIONAL SECURITY The presence of numerous nuclear power plants on the European continent is a guarantee of the energy security of the countries of the continent. At the same time, the problem of storing spent nuclear fuel is also deepening, because fewer and fewer manufacturers are engaged in its processing. The use of radioactive isotopes in medical diagnostics and treatment is also increasing, as well as in many sectors of the economy. But for now, the problem of storing these radioactive materials is lagging. The prospects for storing these materials have been examined and based on the data on the presence of radioactive waste, a systematic proposal for short-term and long-term storage of these materials has been made. The study is in its initial phase and the values are yet to be specified and a more precise proposal for storing nuclear waste is to be made. Radioactive waste ; Element (criminal law) ; Waste management ; Environmental science ; Engineering ; Political science ; Law Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies ; Nuclear and radioactivity studies ; Healthcare, Law, Governance, and Management Studies