jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: M. Kavitha | M. Sujaritha
Source: Computer Systems Science and Engineering (article, 2022-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

A Sensitive Wavebands Identification System for Smart Farming Sensing the content of macronutrients in the agricultural soil is an essential task in precision agriculture. It helps the farmers in the optimal use of fertilizers. It reduces the cost of food production and also the negative environmental impacts on atmosphere and water bodies due to indiscriminate dosage of fertilizers. The traditional chemical-based laboratory soil analysis methods do not serve the purpose as they are hardly suitable for site specific soil management. Moreover, the spectral range used in the chemical-based laboratory soil analysis may be of 350–2500 nm, which leads to redundancy and confusion. Developing sensors based on the discovery of spectral wavebands that respond to soil macronutrient concentrations, on the other hand, is an innovative and successful technology since the results are dependable and timely. The goal of this article is to use a supervised neuro-fuzzy based dimensionality reduction approach in the sensor development process to determine sensitive wavebands of soil macronutrients. Accordingly, the spectral signatures of the soil are collected in an outdoor environment and mapped with its macronutrient concentrations. In this spectral analysis, the spectral reflectance of 424 wavelengths has been obtained and these wavelengths are evaluated through combined and individual modes as well. Appropriate wavelengths are selected in each case by minimizing the fuzzy reflectance assessment index. The effectiveness of these selected wavelengths in each mode is validated by modeling the relation between the reduced reflectance space and each macronutrient concentration using Partial Least Squares Multi Variable Regression (PLS-MVR) method. Set of optimal wavebands are identified and the results are compared with the existing systems. Environmental science ; Remote sensing ; Precision agriculture ; Partial least squares regression ; Principal component analysis ; Redundancy (engineering) ; Computer science ; Agricultural engineering ; Agriculture ; Machine learning ; Ecology ; Artificial intelligence ; Engineering Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Smart Agriculture and AI ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Authors: Yinglun Zhan | Ruizhi Zhang | Yuzhen Zhou | Vincent Stoerger | Jeremy Hiller | Tala Awada | Yufeng Ge
Source: Journal of Applied Statistics (article, 2022-12-05)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Rapid online plant leaf area change detection with high-throughput plant image data High-throughput plant phenotyping (HTPP) has become an emerging technique to study plant traits due to its fast, labor-saving, accurate and non-destructive nature. It has wide applications in plant breeding and crop management. However, the resulting massive image data has raised a challenge associated with efficient plant traits prediction and anomaly detection. In this paper, we propose a two-step image-based online detection framework for monitoring and quick change detection of the individual plant leaf area via real-time imaging data. Our proposed method is able to achieve a smaller detection delay compared with some baseline methods under some predefined false alarm rate constraint. Moreover, it does not need to store all past image information and can be implemented in real time. The efficiency of the proposed framework is validated by a real data analysis. Computer science ; Anomaly detection ; Constant false alarm rate ; Throughput ; Change detection ; Data mining ; Image (mathematics) ; Real-time computing ; Artificial intelligence Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Remote Sensing in Agriculture ; Smart Agriculture and AI
Authors: Juan Carlos Araujo-Cabarcas | Christian Engström | Eddie Wadbro
Source: Journal of Computational Physics (article, 2022-10-21)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Shape optimization for the strong routing of light in periodic diffraction gratings In the quest for the development of faster and more reliable technologies, the ability to control the propagation, confinement, and emission of light has become crucial. The design of guide mode resonators and perfect absorbers has proven to be of fundamental importance. In this project, we consider the shape optimization of a periodic dielectric slab aiming at efficient directional routing of light to reproduce similar features of a guide mode resonator. For this, the design objective is to maximize the routing efficiency of an incoming wave. That is, the goal is to promote wave propagation along the periodic slab. A Helmholtz problem with a piecewise constant and periodic refractive index medium models the wave propagation, and an accurate Robin-to-Robin map models an exterior domain. We propose an optimal design strategy that consists of representing the dielectric interface by a finite Fourier formula and using its coefficients as the design variables. Moreover, we use a high order finite element (FE) discretization combined with a bilinear Transfinite Interpolation formula. This setting admits explicit differentiation with respect to the design variables, from where an exact discrete adjoint method computes the sensitivities. We show in detail how the sensitivities are obtained in the quasi-periodic discrete setting. The design strategy employs gradient-based numerical optimization, which consists of a BFGS quasi-Newton method with backtracking line search. As a test case example, we present results for the optimization of a so-called single port perfect absorber. We test our strategy for a variety of incoming wave angles and different polarizations. In all cases, we efficiently reach designs featuring high routing efficiencies that satisfy the required criteria. Discretization ; Mathematics ; Mathematical analysis ; Routing (electronic design automation) ; Piecewise ; Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno algorithm ; Mathematical optimization ; Applied mathematics ; Computer science Optical Coatings and Gratings ; Photonic Crystals and Applications ; Photonic and Optical Devices
Authors: M. M. M. A. El-Migeed | Laila Hagagg | Eman El- Hady | M Abdallah | D Trupiano | A Polzella | E De Zio | M Sassi | A Scaloni | S Anjum | X Xie | L Wang | M Saleem | C Man | W Lei | H Barrows | E Simpson | G Bartolini | C Mazuelos | A Troncoso | Ben Ahmed | C | B Ben Rouina | S Sensoy | M Boukhriss | F Abdullah | K Chartzoulakis | M Loupassaki | M Bertaki | I Androulakis | D Devitt | W Jarrell | K Steven | D Duncan | E Epstein | J Norlyn | D Rush | R Kingsbury | D Kelley | G Cunningaham | A Wrona | V Goltsev | I Zaharieva | P Chernev | M Kouzmanova | H Kalaji | I Yordanov | H Greenway | R Munns | J Hernandez | E Olmos | F Corpas | F Sevilla | L Del Rio | A Ibraheim | L El-Kobbia | W Jackson | R Volk | M Jackson | H Karimi | Z Hasanpour | P Proietti | L Nasini | L Reale | T Caruso | F Ferranti | J Rhoades | A Kandiah | A Mashali | S Singh | K Reddy | Ames | M Tattini | M Gucci | C Coradeschi | J Ponzio | D Everard | P Bertoni | S Caselli | I Therios | N Misopolinos | W Wang | B Vinocur | A Altman
Source: Middle East Journal of Applied Sciences (article, 2022-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Response of some olive cultivars to different salinity levels under shade house conditions This experiment was carried out during two succession seasons (2019&2020) on one year old olive seedling cultivars i.e., Koroneiki, Koratina and Maraki. The studied olive seedlings were similar as possible in shape, height and width. Effect of saline irrigation water levels 2000, 4000 and 6000 ppm and their impact on some seedling vegetative growth plant parameters i.e. [fresh weight (g), dry weight (g), shoot high (cm), Trunk diameter (mm), no. of shoots, root length (cm) and no. of roots] and leaf mineral content. Among the three studied cultivars in the present work Maraki and Koratina cultivars exited increasing adaptability and better counteracting the effects of salinity stress. Results: Significant increases in dry weight of olive plant seedling and root percentages while fresh weight and height of plant as well as root length significantly decreased. Mineral N, P, K, Na and Ca leaf content was significantly varied not only among studied olive cultivars but also levels of salinity used. A high level of salinity significantly reduces the concentration of K in the leaves. However, P leaf content was not affected. Conclusion: It could conclude that Maraki olive cv. proved to be a promising salt tolerant olive genotype recommended for cultivation in arid and saline lands. Cultivar ; Salinity ; Horticulture ; Green house ; Environmental science ; Biology ; Botany ; Ecology Edible Oils Quality and Analysis ; Horticultural and Viticultural Research ; Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies
Authors: K.T. Sherov | S.O. Tussupova | A.V. Mazdubay | M.R. Sikhimbayev | B.N. Absadykov
Source: NEWS of National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan (article, 2022-06-13)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

INCREASING DURABILITY OF THERMO-FRICTION TOOLS BY SURFACING The quality and depth of content Web of Science offers to researchers, authors, publishers, and institutions sets it apart from other research databases. The inclusion of News of NAS RK. Series of geology and technical sciences in the Emerging Sources Citation Index demonstrates our dedication to providing the most relevant and influential content of geology and engineering sciences to our community. . Web of Science- Emerging Sources Citation Index- Citation ; Index (typography) ; Science Citation Index ; Web of science ; Quality (philosophy) ; Inclusion (mineral) ; Citation index ; Durability ; Engineering ; Library science ; Computer science ; Sociology ; World Wide Web ; Political science ; Social science ; Physics ; Database ; MEDLINE Metal Alloys Wear and Properties ; Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts ; Surface Treatment and Coatings
Authors: Abdurashid Khamidovich Ashirmetov
Source: Exploratory Research and Hypothesis in Medicine (article, 2022-06-01)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Pharmacotherapeutic Treatment Strategies COVID-19: Lessons Learned and Perspectives The pandemic emergency has created an urgent need to find suitable drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Numerous drug trials have been conducted; however, effective and affordable treatments have not been found. The study aimed to find ways out of the current situation based on a better understanding of events, based on an analysis of the causes of the difficulties encountered on this issue. The study analyzed articles based on the results of COVID-19 treatment identified in PubMed, Clinical key, ScienceDirect, World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and Google Scholar’s online libraries. This review summarizes and critically analyzes the information accumulated over the pandemic on the efficacy of drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 and the reasons for the inconsistency in the results of clinical trials on repurposed drugs, and the role of mutations in new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, in reducing the effectiveness of vaccination and treatment, and determining the possibility of overcoming them in the future. Recent achievements in finding effective ways to combat viral pandemics are shown. According to the results of clinical trials, only remdesivir and sotrovimab have been recommended for the treatment of COVID-19. The prospects in the fight against COVID-19 are the creation of new antiviral drugs, such as cyanorone-20 and antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), and a proactive strategy for the development of drugs against viral pathogens, which are based on cocktails of panvirus drugs for oral and inhalation administration. Pandemic ; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ; Medicine ; Intensive care medicine ; Clinical trial ; Food and drug administration ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ; Drug ; 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ; Coronavirus ; Disease ; Antiviral drug ; Pharmacology ; Virology ; Infectious disease (medical specialty) ; Outbreak ; Pathology Synthesis and biological activity ; Computational Drug Discovery Methods ; Enzyme function and inhibition
Authors: Wael Joudi | Alberto Trentino | Kimmo Mustonen | Clemens Mangler | Jani Kotakoski
Source: Microscopy and Microanalysis (article, 2022-07-22)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Correlated AFM/STEM Study on the Mechanical Stiffness of Defect-Engineered Graphene An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the 'Save PDF' action button. Graphene ; Materials science ; Stiffness ; Atomic force microscopy ; Composite material ; Nanotechnology Graphene research and applications ; Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications ; Carbon Nanotubes in Composites
Authors: Chia‐Feng Tsai | Yi-Ting Wang | Chuan‐Chih Hsu | Reta Birhanu Kitata | Rosalie Chu | Marija Veličković | Rui Zhao | Sarai M. Williams | William Chrisler | Marda L. Jorgensen | Ronald Moore | Ying Zhu | Karin Rodland | Richard Smith | Clive Wasserfall | Tujin Shi | Tao Liu
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2022-04-12)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

A streamlined tandem tip-based workflow for sensitive nanoscale phosphoproteomics Abstract Effective phosphoproteome of nanoscale sample analysis remains a daunting task, primarily due to significant sample loss associated with non-specific surface adsorption during enrichment of low stoichiometric phosphopeptide. We developed a novel tandem tip phosphoproteomics sample preparation method that is capable of sample cleanup and enrichment without additional sample transfer, and its integration with our recently developed SOP (Surfactant-assisted One-Pot sample preparation) and iBASIL (improved Boosting to Amplify Signal with Isobaric Labeling) approaches provides a streamlined workflow enabling sensitive, high-throughput nanoscale phosphoproteome measurements. This approach significantly reduces both sample loss and processing time, allowing the identification of &gt;3,000 (&gt;9,500) phosphopeptides from 1 (10) µg of cell lysate using the label-free method without a spectral library. It also enabled precise quantification of ∼600 phosphopeptides from 100 cells sorted by FACS (single-cell level input for the enriched phosphopeptides) and ∼700 phosphopeptides from human spleen tissue voxels with a spatial resolution of 200 µm (equivalent to ∼100 cells) in a high-throughput manner. The new workflow opens avenues for phosphoproteome profiling of mass-limited samples at the low nanogram level. Phosphopeptide ; Phosphoproteomics ; Sample preparation ; Workflow ; Chemistry ; Proteome ; Tandem mass spectrometry ; Tandem ; Computer science ; Chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Materials science ; Peptide ; Protein phosphorylation ; Phosphorylation Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques ; Biosensors and Analytical Detection
Authors: Wenlong Li | Xi Wang | Houliu Chen | Xu Yan | Haibin Qu
Source: Separations (article, 2022-11-18)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

In-Line Vis-NIR Spectral Analysis for the Column Chromatographic Processes of the Ginkgo biloba L. Leaves. Part II: Batch-to-Batch Consistency Evaluation of the Elution Process An in-line monitoring method for the elution process of Ginkgo biloba L. leaves using visible and near-infrared spectroscopy in conjunction with multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) was established. Experiments, including normal operating batches and abnormal ones, were designed and carried out. The MSPC model for the elution process was developed and validated. The abnormalities were detected successfully by the control charts of principal component scores, Hotelling T2, or DModX (distance to the model). The results suggested that the established method can be used for the in-line monitoring and batch-to-batch consistency evaluation of the elution process. Elution ; Ginkgo biloba ; Chromatography ; Consistency (knowledge bases) ; Process (computing) ; Chemistry ; Batch processing ; Principal component analysis ; Ginkgo ; Mathematics ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Statistics ; Biology ; Botany Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Ginkgo biloba and Cashew Applications ; Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
Authors: Ionuț Dulgheriu | Savin Dorin Ionesi | Manuela Avădanei | Liliana Hristian | Emil Loghin | Liliana Buhu | Irina Ionescu
Source: Industria Textila (article, 2022-03-05)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

ANCOVA analysis of penetration force on Kevlar fabrics used for ballisticprotective equipment The paper aims to highlight the existence of significant differences between the variation of the penetration force of three groups of fabrics used for ballistic protective equipment in the function of the deformation arrow, using the ANCOVA mathematical model with a nominal independent variable and a quantitative independent variable. The model included: the dependent variable (Y) – the variation of the penetration force T (N); nominal independent variable – fabric group; quantitative independent variable – deformation arrow, Δl (mm). This paper analyses the effect of the nominal independent variable and the quantitative independent variable on the penetration force variation, using the ANCOVA model. From the results obtained, through Tests of Be-tween-Subjects Effects, it is observed that the effect of the nominal independent variable “fabric group” is significant and also the effect of the covariate “deformation arrow” is significant. Interpreting the value of Sig &lt; 0.05, it can be concluded that there are significant differences between the variation of the penetration force deformation (alternative hypothesis H1 is accepted). This technique can be used later to model the physical and mechanical properties of fabrics and to select the most appropriate fabrics to meet the requirements of a particular field of use Analysis of covariance ; Variables ; Penetration (warfare) ; Covariate ; Variable (mathematics) ; Mathematics ; Deformation (meteorology) ; Statistics ; Mechanics ; Materials science ; Composite material ; Physics ; Mathematical analysis ; Operations research Textile materials and evaluations
Authors: Maulana Tamyiz | Lucky Prayoga | Rendie Prasetyo | Erik H. Murchie | Sugiyono Sugiyono
Source: Caraka Tani Journal of Sustainable Agriculture (article, 2022-02-27)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Improving Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.) Plantlet Formation Using Various Types and Concentrations of Auxins &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Aquilaria malaccensis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt; Lamk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt; is one of the most &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;widespread&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt; agarwood-producing plants &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;that&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt; face extinction due to overexploitation. Agarwood propagation using &lt;em&gt;in vitro &lt;/em&gt;culture techniques is capable of producing large quantities of plants in a shorter time and free from pests and diseases. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Therefore, this &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;study&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt; was conducted to analyze&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt; the effect of auxins type and concentration on agarwood plantlet formation using a split-plot design. The main plot was the type of auxin which included IAA, IBA and NAA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;, while the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt; subplot was the concentration used which consisted of 0; 5; 10; 15 and 20 µM. The variable observed was agarwood plantlet formation with parameters measured including the number of shoots&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt; and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt; leaves, plant height, and number of roots. The results showed that the formation of agarwood plantlets was controlled by the type, concentration, and interaction between the type and concentration of auxin. Furthermore, explants cultured on Murashige Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 10 µM IBA produced the highest number of shoots (3.39 shoots explant&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) and leaves (7.25 leaves explants&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;), while the addition of 10 uM NAA resulted in the highest number of roots (2.52 roots explant&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;). This is the first time a study is conducted to evaluate the effect of type and concentration of auxins on agarwood plantlet formation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt; The production of high-quality shoots and plantlets increased agarwood germplasm availability to prevent extinction and support sustainable production.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; Agarwood ; Span (engineering) ; Plantlet ; Arm span ; Life span ; Auxin ; Horticulture ; Biology ; Medicine ; Tissue culture ; Biochemistry ; In vitro ; Engineering Wood and Agarwood Research ; Plant tissue culture and regeneration ; Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies
Authors: Attila Kertész‐Farkas | Frank Lawrence Nii Adoquaye Acquaye | Kishankumar Bhimani | Jimmy K. Eng | William E. Fondrie | Charles E. Grant | Michael R. Hoopmann | Andy Lin | Yang Young Lu | Robert L. Moritz | Michael J. MacCoss | William Stafford Noble
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2022-10-05)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

The Crux toolkit for analysis of bottom-up tandem mass spectrometry proteomics data Abstract The Crux tandem mass spectrometry data analysis toolkit provides a collection of algorithms for analyzing bottom-up proteomics tandem mass spectrometry data. Many publications have described various individual components of Crux, but a comprehensive summary has not been published since 2014. The goal of this work is to summarize the functionality of Crux, focusing on developments since 2014. We begin with empirical results demonstrating our recently implemented speedups to the Tide search engine. Other new features include a new score function in Tide, two new confidence estimation procedures, as well as three new tools: Param-medic for estimating search parameters directly from mass spectrometry data, Kojak for searching cross-linked mass spectra, and DIAmeter for searching data independent acquisition data against a sequence database. Computer science ; Mass spectrometry ; Tandem mass spectrometry ; Tandem ; Function (biology) ; Proteomics ; Information retrieval ; Data mining ; Chemistry ; Chromatography ; Engineering Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications