jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Mingzhen Ren | Yajie Liu | Xinmin Ma
Source: SHS Web of Conferences (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Research on the application status of image recognition technology in textile and clothing field With the development of the times, computer, information technology gradually penetrated into all walks of life. Textile and clothing design, production, consumption integration of machine vision, graphic image recognition technology development have become a trend. At present, the intelligence degree of the textile and clothing industry has reached an unprecedented new height. In the production and identification of fabrics, the machine vision gradually replaces the manual work, and realizes the automatic and accurate production line. In the design, manufacturing, consumption and other aspects of clothing, image recognition technology has assumed the historical responsibility. Combined with the Internet of things, cloud computing and other technologies, it has improved the production efficiency and achieved intelligent design and production. Clothing ; Production (economics) ; Manufacturing engineering ; Consumption (sociology) ; Production line ; Cloud computing ; Field (mathematics) ; Identification (biology) ; Machine vision ; Computer science ; Textile ; Textile industry ; Artificial intelligence ; Architectural engineering ; Engineering ; Engineering drawing ; Mechanical engineering ; Sociology Textile materials and evaluations
Authors: Ahmed E. Abouelregal | Sami F. Megahid | Doaa Atta | Abdalah M. K. Al-Azmi
Source: Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials (article, 2023-12-28)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Thermoelectric interactions in Euler–Bernoulli microbeams under the influence of a thermal pulse via the size-dependent couple stress model Microbeam ; Thermoelastic damping ; Materials science ; Heat transfer ; Mechanics ; Bernoulli's principle ; Laplace transform ; Thermal ; Physics ; Thermodynamics ; Optics ; Mathematical analysis ; Mathematics Nonlocal and gradient elasticity in micro/nano structures ; Thermoelastic and Magnetoelastic Phenomena ; Composite Structure Analysis and Optimization
Authors: Ioanna K. Mina | Emmanouil Mavrogeorgis | Justyna Siwy | Riste Stojanov | Harald Mischak | Agnieszka Latosińska | Vera Jankowski
Source: PROTEOMICS (article, 2023-09-26)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Multiple urinary peptides display distinct sex‐specific distribution Previous studies have established the association of sex with gene and protein expression. This study investigated the association of sex with the abundance of endogenous urinary peptides, using capillary electrophoresis-coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS) datasets from 2008 healthy individuals and patients with type II diabetes, divided in one discovery and two validation cohorts. Statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney test, adjusted for multiple testing, revealed 143 sex-associated peptides in the discovery cohort. Of these, 90 peptides were associated with sex in at least one of the validation cohorts and showed agreement in their regulation trends across all cohorts. The 90 sex-associated peptides were fragments of 29 parental proteins. Comparison with previously published transcriptomics data demonstrated that the genes encoding 16 of these parental proteins had sex-biased expression. The 143 sex-associated peptides were combined into a support vector machine-based classifier that could discriminate males from females in two independent sets of healthy individuals and patients with type II diabetes, with an AUC of 89% and 81%, respectively. Collectively, the urinary peptidome contains multiple sex-associated differences, which may enable a better understanding of sex-biased molecular mechanisms and the development of more accurate diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive classifiers for each individual sex. Biology ; False discovery rate ; Transcriptome ; Cohort ; Gene ; Computational biology ; Bioinformatics ; Internal medicine ; Gene expression ; Medicine ; Genetics Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
Authors: I. Charlet | Sylvain Guerber | Ayoub Naoui | Benoı̂t Charbonnier | C. Dupré | J. Lugo-Alvarez | C. Héllion | M. Allain | Florence Podevin | Etienne Perret | Bruno Reig
Source: IEEE Electron Device Letters (article, 2023-12-28)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Optical Actuation Performance of Phase-Change RF Switches Optical actuation of GeTe-based radio frequency switches is studied for the first time at 915-nm optical wavelength. By inducing self-heating of the phase change material through light absorption, this approach removes the need for integrated micro-heaters. First, laser pulse conditions required to set the RF switches in ON-and OFF-states are found with optical pulse peak powers up to few hundred mW. Amorphization is obtained for optical pulses of 100 to 500 ns, and crystallization for pulses of 2 to <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$6~\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . A resistivity ratio of 2E4 is measured between both states. Cycling endurance is performed on a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${4}\times {5}\,\,\mu \text{m}^{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> switch, overpassing 1500 cycles, which is much higher compared to previously reported optical demonstrations. Small-signal measurements show 10% lower OFF-state capacitances using optical actuation compared to electrical actuation through micro-heaters. 37 dBm power handling capability is reported in the switch OFF-state at 915 MHz. This optical actuation demonstration corresponds to a standard wavelength in integrated photonic circuits and thus, this work constitutes a first step towards a CMOS compatible fully-integrated optical actuation solution for RF switches based on phase-change material. Radio frequency ; Optical switch ; Optoelectronics ; Materials science ; Phase (matter) ; Electrical engineering ; Electronic engineering ; Computer science ; Engineering ; Physics Phase-change materials and chalcogenides ; Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices ; Photonic and Optical Devices
Authors: Nemanja Koljančić | A. A. Gomes | Ivan Špánik
Source: Journal of Separation Science (article, 2023-07-27)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

A non‐target geographical origin screening of botrytized wines through comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry One of the most effective methods for gaining insight into the composition of trace-level volatile organic characteristics of wine products is through the use of a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC × GC-HRMS) technique. The vast amount of data generated by this method, however, can often be overwhelming requiring exhaustive and time-consuming analysis to identify significant statistical characteristics. The use of advanced chemometric software can achieve the same or even higher efficiency. This study aimed to identify differences based on geographical locations by analyzing the volatile organic compounds in the composition of botrytized wines from Slovakia, Hungary, France, and Austria. The volatile organic compounds were extracted by solid-phase microextraction and analyzed using GC × GC-HRMS. The data obtained from the analysis underwent Fisher-ratio (F-ratio) tile-based analysis to identify statistically significant differences. Principal component analysis demonstrated a significant distinction between wine samples based on geographical location, using only 10 statistically significant features with the highest F-ratio. In the samples, the following compounds were analyzed: methyl-octadecanoate, 2-cyanophenyl-β-phenylpropionate, α-ionone, n-octanoic acid, 1,2-dihydro-1,1,6-trimethyl-naphthalene, methyl-hexadecanoate, ethyl-pentadecanoate, ethyl-decanoate, and γ-nonalactone. These, all play an important role in cluster pattern observed on principal component analysis results. Additionally, hierarchical cluster analysis confirmed this. Principal component analysis ; Wine ; Mass spectrometry ; Chromatography ; Chemistry ; Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry ; Hierarchical clustering ; Gas chromatography ; Volatile organic compound ; Solid-phase microextraction ; Naphthalene ; Resolution (logic) ; Composition (language) ; Two-dimensional gas ; Cluster analysis ; Mathematics ; Food science ; Statistics ; Computer science ; Organic chemistry ; Artificial intelligence Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies ; Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
Authors: Furong Cao | Huizhen Guo | Nanpan Guo | Shuting Kong | Jinrui Liang
Source: Materials (article, 2023-02-16)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Room-Temperature Strengthening, Portevin-Le Chatelier Effect, High-Temperature Tensile Deformation Behavior, and Constitutive Modeling in a Lightweight Mg-Gd-Al-Zn Alloy To explore room-temperature strengthening and high-temperature ductility, a lightweight novel Mg-1.85Gd-0.64Al-0.62Zn alloy was fabricated by innovative multidirectional forging and a hot-rolling technique. Microstructures and mechanical properties were studied at room and elevated temperatures with an optical microscope, an X-ray diffractometer, and a tensile tester. An ultimate tensile strength of 260 MPa, yield strength of 171 MPa, and elongation of 20.4% were demonstrated at room temperature. The room-temperature strengthening mechanisms were identified by strengthening the model estimation. A type C Portevin-Le Chatelier effect was discovered and elucidated in this alloy. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the phase composition is α-Mg solid solution and (Mg, Al)<sub>3</sub>Gd, Al<sub>7</sub>Zn<sub>3</sub>, and Al<sub>2</sub>Gd intermetallic compounds. Examination of the microstructure at elevated temperatures revealed that dynamic recrystallization and dynamic grain growth occur. In particular, it was discovered that bimodal microstructures or incomplete dynamic recrystallization microstructures exist in high-temperature deformation. A maximum quasi-superplasticity of 228.4% was demonstrated in this alloy at 673 K and 5.0 × 10<sup>-4</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>. Flow stress curves showed that the present alloy exhibits Sotoudeh-Bate curves or a long intermediate strain-hardening stage followed by a strain-softening stage. A modified Zerilli-Armstrong constitutive equation incorporating the number of dislocations was established. The power-law constitutive equation was established to identify the deformation mechanism. Both constitutive models had good predictability. At 673 K and 5.0 × 10<sup>-4</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, the stress exponent was 4, and the average deformation activation energy was 104.42 kJ/mol. The number of dislocations inside a grain was 146. This characteristic evidence confirmed that dislocation motion controlled by pipe diffusion dominates the rate-controlling process under this condition. Materials science ; Microstructure ; Dynamic recrystallization ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Alloy ; Flow stress ; Metallurgy ; Composite material ; Hot working Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications ; Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties ; Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties
Authors: Viktor Martinek | Ophelia Frotscher | Markus Richter | Roland Herzog
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-09-06)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Introducing Thermodynamics-Informed Symbolic Regression -- A Tool for Thermodynamic Equations of State Development Thermodynamic equations of state (EOS) are essential for many industries as well as in academia. Even leaving aside the expensive and extensive measurement campaigns required for the data acquisition, the development of EOS is an intensely time-consuming process, which does often still heavily rely on expert knowledge and iterative fine-tuning. To improve upon and accelerate the EOS development process, we introduce thermodynamics-informed symbolic regression (TiSR), a symbolic regression (SR) tool aimed at thermodynamic EOS modeling. TiSR is already a capable SR tool, which was used in the research of https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-023-03197-z. It aims to combine an SR base with the extensions required to work with often strongly scattered experimental data, different residual pre- and post-processing options, and additional features required to consider thermodynamic EOS development. Although TiSR is not ready for end users yet, this paper is intended to report on its current state, showcase the progress, and discuss (distant and not so distant) future directions. TiSR is available at https://github.com/scoop-group/TiSR and can be cited as https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8317547. Symbolic regression ; Computer science ; Process (computing) ; Residual ; Regression ; Aside ; Work (physics) ; Data mining ; Industrial engineering ; Machine learning ; Algorithm ; Mathematics ; Thermodynamics ; Statistics ; Physics ; Engineering ; Programming language Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Computational Drug Discovery Methods ; Protein Structure and Dynamics
Authors: Dongping Deng | Zhijiang Liu | Pin Lv | Min Sheng | Huihua Zhang | Ruilong Yang | Tiezhu Shi
Source: Processes (article, 2023-11-25)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Defect Detection in Food Using Multispectral and High-Definition Imaging Combined with a Newly Developed Deep Learning Model The automatic detection of defects (cortical fibers) in pickled mustard tubers (Chinese Zhacai) remains a challenge. Moreover, few papers have discussed detection based on the segmentation of the physical characteristics of this food. In this study, we designate cortical fibers in pickled mustard as the target class, while considering the background and the edible portion of pickled mustard as other classes. We attempt to realize an automatic defect-detection system to accurately and rapidly detect cortical fibers in pickled mustard based on multiple images combined with a UNet4+ segmentation model. A multispectral sensor (MS) covering nine wavebands with a resolution of 870 × 750 pixels and an imaging speed over two frames per second and a high-definition (HD), 4096 × 3000 pixel resolution imaging system were applied to obtain MS and HD images of 200 pickled mustard tuber samples. An improved imaging fusion method was applied to fuse the MS with HD images. After image fusion and other preprocessing methods, each image contained a target; 150 images were randomly selected as the training data and 50 images as the test data. Furthermore, a segmentation model called UNet4+ was developed to detect the cortical fibers in the pickled mustard tubers. Finally, the UNet4+ model was tested on three types of datasets (MS, HD, and fusion images), and the detection results were compared based on Recall, Precision, and Dice values. Our study indicates that the model can successfully detect cortical fibers within about a 30 ± 3 ms timeframe for each type of image. Among the three types of images, the fusion images achieved the highest mean average Dice value of 73.91% for the cortical fibers. At the same time, we compared the UNet4+ model with the UNet++ and UNet3+ models using the same fusion data; the results show that our model achieved better prediction performance for the Dice values, i.e., 9.72% and 27.41% higher than those of the UNet++ and UNet3+ models, respectively. Multispectral image ; Artificial intelligence ; Preprocessor ; Computer science ; Segmentation ; Pixel ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Computer vision Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies ; Identification and Quantification in Food
Authors: Jing Wang | Wenli Wang | Yang Lu | Qun Hao | Liandong Yu
Source: Chinese Optics Letters (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Parallel all-optical logic operations based on metasurface polarization optics We developed a general framework for parallel all-optical logic operations with independent phase control of arbitrary orthogonal polarization state enabled by a single-layer metasurface. A pair of orthogonal circular polarized bases are used as two input channels of the logic operator, and their four combinations perfectly match various binary input states. Correspondingly, distinct phase profiles are encoded into the metasurface, which enables parallel operation of the two logic gates by way of polarization switching. It allows for an efficient and compact way to implement multi-channel multiplexed logic gate operations with the capability of fast optical computing at the chip scale. Optics ; Logic gate ; Multiplexing ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Computer science ; Optical computing ; Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging ; Binary number ; Bitwise operation ; Physics ; Topology (electrical circuits) ; Electronic engineering ; Algorithm ; Telecommunications ; Mathematics ; Arithmetic ; Electrical engineering ; Engineering Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Photonic and Optical Devices ; Photonic Crystals and Applications
Authors: Arun S. Moorthy | Anthony J. Kearsley | W. Gary Mallard | W.E. Wallace | Stephen E. Stein
Source: Analytical Chemistry (article, 2023-08-23)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Inferring the Nominal Molecular Mass of an Analyte from Its Electron Ionization Mass Spectrum The performance of three algorithms for predicting nominal molecular mass from an analyte's electron ionization mass spectrum is presented. The Peak Interpretation Method (PIM) attempts to quantify the likelihood that a molecular ion peak is contained in the mass spectrum, whereas the Simple Search Hitlist Method (SS-HM) and iterative Hybrid Search Hitlist Method (iHS-HM) leverage results from mass spectral library searching. These predictions can be employed in combination (recommended) or independently. The methods were tested on two sets of query mass spectra searched against libraries that did not contain the reference mass spectra of the same compounds: 19,074 spectra of various organic molecules searched against the NIST17 mass spectral library and 162 spectra of small molecule drugs searched against SWGDRUG version 3.3. Individually, each molecular mass prediction method had computed precisions (the fraction of positive predictions that were correct) of 91, 89, and 74%, respectively. The methods become more valuable when predictions are taken together. When all three predictions were identical, which occurred in 33% of the test cases, the predicted molecular mass was almost always correct (>99%). Mass spectrum ; Chemistry ; Analyte ; Ionization ; Electron ionization ; Polyatomic ion ; Spectral line ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass ; Leverage (statistics) ; Molecule ; Ion ; Chromatography ; Statistics ; Physics ; Mathematics Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies ; Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Authors: Tobias Esswein | Nicola A. Spaldin
Source: Open Research Europe (article, 2023-10-17)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

First-principles calculation of electron-phonon coupling in doped KTaO3 <b>Background:</b> Motivated by the recent experimental discovery of strongly surface-plane-dependent superconductivity at surfaces of KTaO <sub>3</sub> single crystals, we calculate the electron-phonon coupling strength, <i>λ</i>, of doped KTaO <sub>3</sub> along the reciprocal-space high-symmetry directions. <b>Methods:</b>Using the Wannier-function approach implemented in the EPW package, we calculate <i>λ</i> across the experimentally covered doping range and compare its mode-resolved distribution along the [001], [110] and [111] reciprocal-space directions. <b>Results:</b> We find that the electron-phonon coupling is strongest in the optical modes around the Γ point, with some distribution to higher <i>k</i> values in the [001] direction. The electron-phonon coupling strength as a function of doping has a dome-like shape in all three directions and its integrated total is largest in the [001] direction and smallest in the [111] direction, in contrast to the experimentally measured trends in critical temperatures. <b>Conclusions:</b> This disagreement points to a non-BCS character of the superconductivity. Instead, the strong localization of <i>λ</i> in the soft optical modes around Γ suggests an importance of ferroelectric soft-mode fluctuations, which is supported by our findings that the mode-resolved <i>λ</i> values are strongly enhanced in polar structures. The inclusion of spin-orbit coupling has negligible influence on our calculated mode-resolved <i>λ</i> values. Reciprocal lattice ; Condensed matter physics ; Coupling (piping) ; Phonon ; Physics ; Superconductivity ; Materials science ; Quantum mechanics ; Diffraction Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides ; Advanced Condensed Matter Physics ; Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials
Authors: Yusuke Hayashi | S. Okazaki | Kensaku Matsunami | Kazuya Tanabe | Takuya Nagato | Hirokazu Sugiyama
Source: Process Safety and Environmental Protection (article, 2023-10-05)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Development of concentration prediction models for personalized tablet manufacturing using near-infrared spectroscopy Partial least squares regression ; Near-infrared spectroscopy ; Regression analysis ; Regression ; Linear regression ; Computer science ; Predictive modelling ; Spectroscopy ; Biological system ; Boosting (machine learning) ; Materials science ; Machine learning ; Mathematics ; Statistics ; Optics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research ; Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety
Authors: Huaichun Xiao | Yang Liu | Yande Liu | Hui Xiao | Liwei Sun | Yong Hao
Source: Applied Sciences (article, 2023-09-07)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Diagnosis of Citrus Greening Based on the Fusion of Visible and Near-Infrared Spectra A disease, known as citrus greening, is a major threat to the citrus industry. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of rapid detection and improving the identification accuracy of citrus greening with visible and near-infrared spectra under spectral fusion. After we obtained the spectra of the collected citrus leaves and used the polymerase chain reaction for part of them, five types of samples were sorted out: slight, moderate, serious, nutrient deficiency, and normal. This study of spectral fusion was conducted on three levels as spectral data, characteristic, and model decision, and the identification capacity was tested using prediction samples. It was found that the effect of a least squares support vector machine model for feature-level fusion based on principal component analysis presented the best performance, while in the Lin_Kernel function; the accuracy was 100%, penalty coefficient γ was 0.09, and operation time was 0.66 s. It is better than the single spectral discriminant model. The results showed that the fusion of visible and near-infrared spectra was feasible for the nondestructive detection of citrus greening disease. This method is of great significance for the healthy development of the citrus industry, and provides important reference value for the application of spectral fusion in other fields. Greening ; Fusion ; Linear discriminant analysis ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Principal component analysis ; Support vector machine ; Artificial intelligence ; Mathematics ; Computer science ; Biological system ; Biology Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Remote Sensing in Agriculture ; Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis