jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Su-Bong Lee | Seong‐Min Jeong | Jong‐Souk Yeo
Source: Applied Science and Convergence Technology (article, 2024-07-30)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Off-Current Analysis with Temperature-Dependent Subthreshold Conduction in SiTe Based Amorphous Chalcogenides for Ovonic Threshold Switching Selector Application Ovonic threshold switch (OTS) selectors are promising devices to suppress leakage current of emerging memories in a cross-point architecture.In this study, enhanced OTS selector performance by nitrogen doping on amorphous SiTe chalcogenide was analyzed by focusing on the subthreshold region with different temperatures.The parameters of trap states including effective trap density, inter-trap distance, and activation energy are known to govern the subthreshold behaviors of amorphous chalcogenides.The parameters derived from a trap limited Poole-Frenkel based conduction model and Arrhenius plot closely correlate with the nitrogen doping effect on SiTe.Increased inter-trap distance, lowered trap density, and raised activation energy by N doping hamper electron hopping through trap states, thereby suppressing the leakage current. Subthreshold conduction ; Materials science ; Trap (plumbing) ; Arrhenius plot ; Doping ; Amorphous solid ; Optoelectronics ; Activation energy ; Chalcogenide ; Leakage (economics) ; Chemistry ; Transistor ; Electrical engineering ; Voltage ; Physics ; Crystallography Phase-change materials and chalcogenides ; Advanced Memory and Neural Computing ; Thin-Film Transistor Technologies
Authors: Mustapha Driouech | Amrita Mitra | Caterina Cocchi | Muhammad Sufyan Ramzan
Source: ACS Omega (article, 2024-07-05)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Strain-free MoS<sub>2</sub>/ZrGe<sub>2</sub>N<sub>4</sub> van der Waals Heterostructure: Tunable Electronic Properties with Type-II Band Alignment Vertically stacked van der Waals heterostructures (vdW-HS) amplify the scope of 2D materials for emerging technological applications, such as nanodevices and solar cells. Here, we present a first-principles study on the formation energy and electronic properties of the heterobilayer (HBL) MoS2/ZrGe2N4, which forms a strain-free vdW-HS thanks to the identical lattice parameters of its constituents. This system has an indirect band gap with type-II band alignment, with the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied states localized on MoS2 and ZrGe2N4, respectively. Biaxial strain, which generally reduces the band gap regardless of compression or expansion, is applied to tune the electronic properties of the HBL. A small amount of tensile strain (>1%) leads to an indirect-to-direct transition, thereby shifting the band edges at the center of the Brillouin zone and leading to optical absorption in the visible region. These results suggest the potential application of HBL MoS2/ZrGe2N4 in optoelectronic devices. van der Waals force ; Heterojunction ; Strain (injury) ; Materials science ; Condensed matter physics ; Band gap ; Optoelectronics ; Physics ; Quantum mechanics ; Molecule 2D Materials and Applications ; MXene and MAX Phase Materials ; Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques
Authors: А. I. Perfileva | Olga V. Zakharova | И. А. Граскова | Konstantin V. Krutovsky
Source: Plants (article, 2024-12-14)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Effect of Selenium, Copper and Manganese Nanocomposites in Arabinogalactan Matrix on Potato Colonization by Phytopathogens Clavibacter sepedonicus and Pectobacterium carotovorum The effect of chemically synthesized nanocomposites (NCs) of selenium (Se/AG NC), copper oxide (Cu/AG NC) and manganese hydroxide (Mn/AG NC), based on the natural polymer arabinogalactan (AG), on the processes of growth, development and colonization of potato plants in vitro was studied upon infection with the causative agent of potato blackleg-the Gram-negative bacterium <i>Pectobacterium carotovorum</i>-and the causative agent of ring rot-the Gram-positive bacterium <i>Clavibacter sepedonicus</i> (<i>Cms</i>). It was shown that the infection of potatoes with <i>P. carotovorum</i> reduced the root formation of plants and the concentration of pigments in leaf tissues. The treatment of plants with Cu/AG NC before infection with <i>P. carotovorum</i> stimulated leaf formation and increased the concentration of pigments in them. A similar effect was observed when potatoes were exposed to Mn/AG NC, and an increase in growth and root formation was also observed. The infection of plants with Cms inhibited plant growth. Treatment with each of the NCs mitigated this negative effect of the phytopathogen. At the same time, Se/AG and Mn/AG NCs promoted leaf formation. The Se/AG NC increased the biomass of <i>Cms</i>-infected plants. The treatment of plants with NCs before infection showed a decrease in the intensity of the colonization of plants by bacteria. The Se/AG NC had the maximum effect, which is probably due to its high antioxidant capacity. Thus, the NCs are able to mitigate the negative effects of bacterial phytopathogens on vegetation and the intensity of colonization by these bacteria during the infection of cultivated plants. Pectobacterium carotovorum ; Bacteria ; Chemistry ; Microbiology ; Diquat ; Biology ; Horticulture ; Biochemistry Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; Soil and Environmental Studies ; Silicon Effects in Agriculture
Authors: Preeti Kale | Supriya Gandotra | Mahendra Shukla
Source: International Journal of Recent Innovations in Medicine and Clinical Research (review, 2024-11-15)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Nanotechnology in medicine: A comprehensive review of its role in modern drug delivery systems Nanotechnology has revolutionized the field of medicine, particularly in the development of modern drug delivery systems. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the role that nanotechnology plays in enhancing drug delivery mechanisms, targeting specific sites and minimizing side effects. Advances in nanoparticle-based drug carriers, including liposomes, dendrimers and polymeric nanoparticles, offer superior bioavailability, sustained release and improved solubility for various therapeutic agents. The review delves into the latest innovations in nanocarriers, their applications in cancer treatment, gene therapy and infectious diseases and discusses the challenges of clinical translation. Furthermore, it addresses the regulatory, ethical and safety concerns surrounding nanomedicine. By highlighting both the promises and limitations of nanotechnology in drug delivery, this article aims to provide a balanced perspective on its transformative potential in modern healthcare. Drug delivery ; Nanotechnology ; Engineering ethics ; Medicine ; Engineering ; Materials science Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications ; Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Abeer Mahmood. AL-Sabaawy | Akram Faisal Alhuwaizi | Mohammed K. Khalaf | Abbas Zaher
Source: Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry (article, 2024-09-14)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Evaluation of titanium dioxide and tantalum pentoxide nanoparticles for coating NiTi archwires in orthodontics: An in vitro study Background: This study aims to enhance the biocompatibility of Nickel–Titanium (NiTi) alloy by developing a new coating using titanium dioxide (TiO2) and titanium pentoxide (Ta2O5) through direct current (DC) reactive sputtering technology. Materials and methods: Two distinct coating materials, namely, TiO2 and Ta2O5, were used to fabricate NiTi orthodontic archwires with improved surface properties. TiO2 nanoparticles, with thickness ranging from 21.90 nm to 31.93 nm, were deposited onto NiTi alloy substrates through DC reactive sputtering deposition under different power conditions. Results: X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy validated the uniformity and morphology of the coatings. Immersion tests in simulated body fluid (SBF) revealed significant hydroxyapatite layer growth on TiO2-coated NiTi, especially at a sputtering power of 240 W. Reduced nickel ion release was observed on TiO2 nanoparticles with a thickness of 21.90 nm at 50 W sputtering power compared with 31.93 nm-thick nanoparticles at 240 W. Ta2O5 thin films were deposited on NiTi substrates through DC magnetron reactive sputtering at ~100 °C with a deposition power of 50 W. Structural and morphological analyses through optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy revealed the homogeneity and low roughness of the coatings. Biocompatibility assessments in artificial saliva and SBF solutions established that Ta2O5-coated NiTi alloys exhibited superior electrochemical behavior, enhanced corrosion resistance, and diminished Ni ion release compared with uncoated specimens. Conclusion: TiO2 and Ta2O5 coatings not only improved the biocompatibility of NiTi orthodontic archwires but also presented a promising path for advanced biomedical applications. These coatings have potential in improving the cellular behavior and performance of NiTi-based orthodontic devices. Tantalum pentoxide ; Nickel titanium ; Tantalum ; Materials science ; Coating ; Metallurgy ; Composite material ; Shape-memory alloy Shape Memory Alloy Transformations ; Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides
Authors: Md Sakil Amin | Azizur Rahman | Amatun Noor Prapty | Abdullah Al Numan | Md Moshiur Rahman | Bulbul Ahmed | Md Mahedi Hasan Shabuj | Syeda Anjuman Ara Aunni
Source: Journal of precision biosciences. (article, 2024-03-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Nanomedicine in Cancer Therapy: From Preclinical Promise to Clinical Applications Background: Cancer continues to be a predominant worldwide health problem, characterized by rising incidence and fatality rates. Conventional therapies, including chemotherapy, gene therapy, and immunotherapy, exhibit limitations such as inadequate targeting, drug degradation, and unwanted effects. Nanomedicine has intriguing methods to address these difficulties by enhancing drug delivery and targeting. Methods: This review examines the incorporation of nanomedicine in cancer treatments, emphasizing chemotherapy, gene therapy, and immunotherapy. We examine the application of nanoparticulate delivery systems (NDSs) to improve drug delivery, augment tumor targeting, and minimize adverse effects. Numerous nanomaterials, including organic, inorganic, and composite nanoparticles, are analyzed for their potential to overcome the constraints of traditional therapies. Results: Nanomedicine has shown a lot of promise in improving the pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutic drugs, making gene delivery more effective, and boosting immune responses in cancer immunotherapy. Pharmaceuticals can be delivered precisely and safely with nanoparticles, which solve problems like poor solubility, instability, and poor cell absorption in neoplasms. Conclusion: The use of nanomedicine in oncological treatment demonstrates significant promise for enhancing therapeutic results. Even though there are still issues with turning preclinical findings into clinical applications, nanotechnology is making steady progress that will enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy, gene therapy, and immunotherapy, opening new ways to customize cancer treatment. Nanomedicine ; Medicine ; Cancer therapy ; Cancer ; Medical physics ; Internal medicine ; Nanotechnology ; Materials science Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications ; RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Authors: Hadeia Mashaqbeh | Rana Obaidat | Mo’tasem M. Alsmadi | Tamara Athamneh
Source: Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Comparison between solvent evaporation and supercritical CO2 technology in taste-masking of Azithromycin bitter-taste using pH-sensitive Eudragit EPO or Eudragit S100 polymers Despite the broad spectrum of the antibiotic Azithromycin, its extremely bitter taste after oral dosing decreases patient compliance. This bitter taste can be masked by minimizing Azithromycin interaction with the tasting buds using polymers that are insoluble at salivary pH (6.8–7.4), like the cationic polymers Eudragit EPO and Eudragit S100. The purpose of this study was to employ two different techniques (solvent evaporation (SE) and supercritical fluid technology (SFT)) for encapsulating Azithromycin into Eudragit microparticles to mask its bitter taste. The formulations were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR(, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Also, the Azithromycin in vitro release and in vivo assessment of bitter taste masking were conducted. The present work showed promising results in veiling the bitter taste of Azithromycin. Taste panel scores for the in vivo clinical taste study of the formulation prepared using SE was 0.3 after 30 seconds compared to Azithromycin, resulting in a score of 3 owing to its palpable bitter taste. Whereas drug-Eudragit EPO showed no interaction, FTIR results indicated azithromycin interaction with Eudragit S100. The formulation prepared by the SE method and Eudragit EPO showed efficient taste masking, within-matrix encapsulation, lower drug release in simulated salivary fluid (SSF, &lt;2% released over 60 seconds), and loss of Azithromycin’s crystallinity. On the contrary, SFT had higher encapsulation efficiency (91%) but faster in vitro release (6% released over 60 seconds). Thus, SE was better than SFT in Azithromycin taste masking using Eudragit EPO. Chemistry ; Azithromycin ; Taste ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; Chromatography ; Differential scanning calorimetry ; Bitter taste ; Nuclear chemistry ; Food science ; Chemical engineering ; Biochemistry ; Antibiotics Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies ; Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
Authors: Sapna M. Rathod | Nisarg C. Patel | Riyaz Dantroliya | Bhupendra G. Prajapati
Source: Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

A novel LC-MS/MS technique for identification and characterization of degradation products of Bilastine and Montelukast sodium and its greenness assessment using AGREE tool The degradation products (DPs) of Bilastine and Montelukast sodium have been identified and characterized utilizing a unique liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) technique. Both medications are anti-allergic, and they were subjected to hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, and heat stimuli in accordance with International Council for Harmonisation guidelines. Under circumstances of oxidative, acidic, and base hydrolysis stress, the cited drugs exhibited widespread degradation. The drug products were stable under thermal and photolytic stress. Six DPs were found and resolved. The drug and its breakdown products were separated chromatographically on an Agilent Zorbax C18 (150 × 4.6 mm, 5μm) column with an eluent of 10 mM ammonium acetate (pH 4): acetonitrile (25:75, v/v). The hypothesized structure of DPs and their corresponding routes are based on precise mass and MS/MS fragmentation patterns; obtained using LC-ESI-TQ-MS/MS. The suggested degradant structures and pathways will be crucial for optimizing the production and quality control parameters of the pharmaceuticals under consideration. Montelukast ; Identification (biology) ; Chromatography ; Degradation (telecommunications) ; Characterization (materials science) ; Chemistry ; Environmental science ; Computer science ; Materials science ; Medicine ; Nanotechnology ; Asthma ; Internal medicine Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Houman Zahedmanesh
Source: Preprints.org (preprint, 2024-06-27)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Electromigration in Nano-Interconnects: Determining Reliability Margins in Redundant Mesh Networks Using a Scalable Physical-Statistical Hybrid Paradigm This paper presents a hybrid modelling approach that combines physics-based electromigration modelling (PEM) and statistical methods to evaluate the electromigration (EM) limits of nano-interconnects in mesh networks. The approach, which is also compatible with standard Place and Route (P&amp;amp;R) tools and practices, takes into account the positive impact of network redundancy on EM current limits. The study shows that conventional methods underestimate the EM current limits of a power delivery network (PDN) unit-cell by 80% due to their lack of consideration for redundancy. Additionally, the time-to-failure (TTF) distributions of a PDN unit-cell adhered to a lognormal distribution, where the lognormal sigma, σlogn, exhibits a 55% reduction compared to that of the single constituent interconnects. The study also found the negative voltage (i.e. ground or Vss) grid to be more susceptible to EM than the positive voltage, i.e. Vdd grid. In the examined grid unit-cell design, both the number of interconnect sites prone to voiding and also the magnitude of the peak tensile stress within the nano-interconnects were found to be 2-folds as high in the Vss case compared to Vdd. lognormal sigma of TFF for the grid unit-cells, σ_(logn-tile), show a marked reduction compared to the lognormal sigma of the constituent single interconnects, σ_logn, with a 50% and 66% decrease compared to single interconnects, for downstream (Vss) and upstream (Vdd), respectively. In addition, σ_(logn-tile) was 3-folds higher for downstream (Vss) compared to upstream (Vdd), whilst, in contrast this difference was only 2-folds at single interconnect level. 4.13-folds higher TTF50% was observed at grid unit-cell level for upstream compared to downstream operation which was also more pronounced than in the single interconnect level where the difference was only 2-folds. This research provides valuable insights into EM aging of nano-interconnects in mesh networks and could pragmatically enhance the accuracy of EM compliance evaluation methods. Log-normal distribution ; Electromigration ; Interconnection ; Redundancy (engineering) ; Grid ; Upstream (networking) ; Voltage ; Computer science ; Materials science ; Topology (electrical circuits) ; Mathematics ; Reliability engineering ; Engineering ; Electrical engineering ; Composite material ; Statistics ; Geometry Copper Interconnects and Reliability ; Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures ; Semiconductor materials and devices
Authors: Jia Lin | Shuai Wang | Hua Jin | Shuyuan Cui | Rongwen Wang | Yihang Yang | Guimei Huang | Jinhuo Wang
Source: APL Materials (article, 2024-04-01)
Field: Materials Science — Ceramics and Composites

Properties and ceramic transformation of Si–Zr–O–C precursor ceramics with porous structure The preparation of ceramic materials with complex porous structures through photopolymerization-based 3D printing requires the development of stable and printable slurries. In this study, zirconium acetylacetonate was incorporated into the thiol vinyl organosilicon prepolymer to create a photosensitive Si–Zr–O–C slurry. Regarding the natural bone structures and the Tyson polygon principle, a gradient pore structure was designed and then printed using a digital light processing 3D printer. After printing, the effects of sintering temperatures on the phase composition and structure of Si–Zr–O–C ceramics were systematically investigated. Subsequently, a comparative analysis of structure and properties was performed on sintered samples with different zirconium acetylacetonate contents. The results revealed that the sample containing 30 wt. % zirconium acetylacetonate exhibited a higher compressive strength of 9.70 ± 0.28 MPa and a lower room temperature thermal conductivity of 0.528 W m−1 K−1. This study confirmed the significant potential of using 3D printing technology to prepare Si–Zr–O–C precursor ceramics with a porous structure. Materials science ; Ceramic ; Porosity ; Transformation (genetics) ; Chemical engineering ; Composite material ; Metallurgy ; Mineralogy Advanced ceramic materials synthesis ; Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies ; Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production
Authors: Noluntu Muchavi | Lerato Raganya | Mamookho Elizabeth Makhatha
Source: MATEC Web of Conferences (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Using the Cluster-Plus-Glue-Atom model to design the composition of low Young’s modulus β-Ti alloys for orthopaedic applications The design and development of metastable β-type Ti alloys with low Young’s moduli (E) requires the use of multiple β-phase stabilising alloying elements. The most commonly used alloy development design strategies do not provide accurate composition design. Moreover, the process of developing alloys is still based on empirical exploration, which is costly and time consuming. In this study, the cluster-plus-glue-atom (CPGA) model was employed in the composition design and interpretation of low-E, β-type Ti based alloys. Microstructure, phase analysis, Young’s modulus (mechanical testing and nano-indentation testing) of the as-cast alloys were investigated. The results demonstrated that the CPGA model was effective in formulating compositions which were able to simultaneously achieve high β-phase stability and low-E as exemplified by the [(Mo 0.4 Sn 0.6 ) (Ti) 14 ] (Nb) 1 alloy which obtained a Young’s modulus of 59 GPa. Modulus ; Composition (language) ; Cluster (spacecraft) ; GLUE ; Atom (system on chip) ; Materials science ; Composite material ; Computer science ; Parallel computing ; Art ; Operating system Titanium Alloys Microstructure and Properties ; Orthopaedic implants and arthroplasty ; Advanced materials and composites
Authors: Asad Munir | Sana Zulfiqar | J. Joy Mathavan | Aamir Sohail
Source: Engineering Journal (review, 2024-02-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Understanding the Force Deflection Behavior of NiTi Archwire at Distinct Bending Configuration: A Narrative Review in Vitro Studies This study aims to assess the optimal unloading force range for human comfort by considering NiTi archwires in different bending settings, based on previous research findings.All the relative data has been collected from different databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and USM library.The publications from 2007 till February 2023 have been incorporated.Several parameters related to orthodontics, especially the usage of three brackets and three-point bending with respect to optimal tooth force were taken into consideration.These parameters, however, included various aspects like the shape memory effect, bending temperature, friction, and gingival/labial direction.ISO standards pertaining to the bending tests were also contemplated in this review.The study examined 74 articles related to orthodontic tooth movement, three brackets, and three-point bending.In fact, this review was done to analyze the force deflection behavior and related parameters to orthodontics.For this, among 74 selected research items, 15 studies gave information about the optimal tooth force, 8 focused on the optimal ranges, while 7 reports indicated the higher rates of tooth force.All these studies illustrated the considerable variation in methodology and clinical diversity in terms of applied forces.This article summarizes previous investigations on orthodontic tooth force, highlighting the ideal range of 0.2 to 1.5 N. It concludes that maximum force decreases with greater inter-bracket distance but increases with wire deflection and testing temperature.Proper force management is emphasized as crucial for preventing unwanted tooth movement and its biological consequences. Deflection (physics) ; Nickel titanium ; Orthodontics ; Bending ; Structural engineering ; Materials science ; Computer science ; Dentistry ; Engineering ; Composite material ; Medicine ; Physics ; Shape-memory alloy ; Optics Shape Memory Alloy Transformations