jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Golshan Mahdi | Ashkan Alamdary | Hooman Kaghazian | Nayebali Ahmadi | Rajab Mardani | Alireza Gholami
Source: Chonnam Medical Journal (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Biopharmaceutical Analysis by HPLC: Practices and Challenges High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is an essential analytical technique in the biopharmaceutical industry, crucial for the separation, identification, and quantification of complex biological molecules such as monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins. It plays a vital role in assessing the purity, potency, and stability of biopharmaceutical products, which are critical for regulatory approval. HPLC offers high resolution and sensitivity, allowing for the detection of small quantities of compounds in complex samples. Its versatility is evident in various modes, including reversed-phase, ion-exchange, size-exclusion, and affinity chromatography. However, challenges remain, such as selecting the appropriate stationary phase, addressing peak overlapping and matrix interference, and optimizing operational parameters like flow rate and mobile phase composition. Standardization and method validation are essential for ensuring reproducibility, accuracy, and regulatory compliance in HPLC analyses. The need for reliable reference materials and calibration methods is also a significant challenge. Recent advancements in HPLC technology, including ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and hybrid systems that integrate HPLC with mass spectrometry, are helping to overcome these challenges by enhancing sensitivity, resolution, and analysis speed. In summary, as biopharmaceutical products grow more complex, HPLC's role will continue to evolve, highlighting the need for ongoing research and development to refine this critical analytical tool. Medicine ; Biopharmaceutical ; High-performance liquid chromatography ; Chromatography ; Pharmacology ; Biotechnology Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography ; Protein purification and stability ; Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications
Authors: M. Gärtner | Mariana Chelu | A. Szekeres | P. Petrík
Source: Micromachines (article, 2025-10-18)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Towards Advanced Materials: Functional Perspectives of Co-Doped ZnO Thin Films Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films have attracted increasing attention as promising materials for sensing applications due to their wide band gap, high exciton binding energy, and remarkable chemical stability. However, the inherent limitations of pure ZnO, such as moderate sensitivity, selectivity, and relatively high operating temperatures, limit its widespread use in advanced sensing technologies. Co-doping, or dual doping with two distinct elements, has emerged as an effective strategy to overcome these challenges by synergistically tailoring the structural, electronic, and surface properties of ZnO thin films. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the development of co-doped ZnO thin films for sensing applications. The focus is on the role of different combinations of dopants, including transition metals, rare earth elements, and non-metals, in modulating the charge carrier concentration, oxygen vacancy density, and adsorption dynamics. These effects collectively enhance the sensing properties and long-term stability and reduce detection limits. The analysis highlights the correlations between synthesis methods, dopant incorporation mechanisms, and resulting sensor performance. Key challenges such as dopant clustering, reproducibility, and scalability are discussed, along with emerging opportunities in flexible room-temperature sensor platforms. Overall, it has been demonstrated that co-doped ZnO thin films represent a versatile and tunable class of sensing materials with strong potential for next-generation environmental and biomedical monitoring. Dopant ; Thin film ; Doping ; Exciton ; Charge carrier ; Band gap ZnO doping and properties ; Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors ; Copper-based nanomaterials and applications
Authors: Satoshi Tamura | Haruki Mokudai | Takashi Masaki | Hironori Taguchi | Takako Kikuchi | Norifumi L. Yamada | Hideki Seto | Hisao Matsuno | Keiji Tanaka
Source: Biomacromolecules (article, 2025-01-13)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Internal Structure Dependence of Biodegradation for Polyamide 4 Thin Films in Seawater Recently, polyamides have been widely used in various fields due to their excellent durability, thermal stability, and other advantageous properties. However, polyamide products that end up in oceans have become a source of microplastics. For this reason, the development of highly degradable polyamides is greatly desired. We here focused on polyamide 4 (PA4), which has a high density of amide groups in its main chain. As model samples, two types of PA4 thin film, thermally annealed at different temperatures, were prepared, and their aggregation states and biodegradation behavior were examined. The results revealed that the swelling properties of the PA4 thin films in underwater environments play a crucial role in their degradation. It was also found that the crystal polymorph of the PA4 thin films significantly influences their biodegradation behavior. This fundamental understanding of PA4 degradation behavior will contribute to the further development of PA4-based devices. Polyamide ; Biodegradation ; Materials science ; Degradation (telecommunications) ; Seawater ; Chemical engineering ; Thin film ; Thermal stability ; Composite material ; Chemistry ; Nanotechnology ; Organic chemistry ; Geology biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties ; Microplastics and Plastic Pollution ; Polymer crystallization and properties
Authors: Abderrhmane Bouafia | Abdelhakim Boutalbi | Salah Eddine Laouini | Abdelatif Aouadi | Djamila Hamada Saoud | Ibtissam Laib | Mahmood M. S. Abdullah | Hamad A. Al‐Lohedan | Farid Menaa
Source: Chemical Engineering & Technology (article, 2025-06-30)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Copper Oxide Nanoparticles: Characterization, Photocatalysis, and Biomedical Applications Abstract Current synthesis methods for copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) use toxic chemicals, limiting their environmental and biomedical use. We used green synthesis with potato starch as a reducing and stabilizing agent, hypothesizing it would yield CuO NPs with enhanced photocatalytic and antimicrobial properties due to unique structures. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed a 13.92 nm crystallite size, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed flake‐like aggregates, and ultraviolet (UV)–Vis revealed a 2.95 eV bandgap, indicating strong optical properties. CuO NPs achieved 99.2 % degradation of Evans Blue dye in 140 min and full atrazine degradation in 160 min, showing excellent photocatalysis. Antimicrobial assays gave inhibition zones up to 26 mm for bacteria and 14 mm for fungi at 20 mg mL −1 . These results show potato starch–synthesized CuO NPs’ potential for environmental remediation and antimicrobial applications, offering a sustainable option for nanomaterial synthesis. Photocatalysis ; Characterization (materials science) ; Nanoparticle ; Copper ; Nanotechnology ; Copper oxide ; Materials science ; Oxide ; Chemical engineering ; Chemistry ; Metallurgy ; Catalysis ; Engineering ; Organic chemistry Copper-based nanomaterials and applications ; Advanced Nanomaterials in Catalysis ; Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
Authors: Ryosuke Senga | Katsumi Hagita | Tomohiro Miyata | Hsiao‐Fang Wang | Koichi Mayumi | Hiroshi Jinnai | Kazu Suenaga
Source: Nature Nanotechnology (article, 2025-03-24)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Nanoscale C–H/C–D mapping of organic materials using electron spectroscopy Distinguishing hydrogen from deuterium using atomic-scale imaging and spectroscopy is crucial for identifying microscopic structures and the origins of the properties of organic materials. However, conventional structural analysis techniques for materials containing both isotopes, such as neutron scattering, provide only averaged information across the beam area. Here we utilize vibrational spectroscopy using a monochromated transmission electron microscope to discretely image hydrogen and deuterium in organic polymers at single-nanometre resolution. This technique allowed carbon-hydrogen and carbon-deuterium stretches to be mapped, which uncovered the surface segregation of the deuterated polystyrene component within a block copolymer film composed of deuterated polystyrene and poly(2-vinylpyridine). Moreover, it enabled clear visualization of the spatial distribution of hydrogenated and deuterated polystyrene on a molecular scale in a bulk block copolymer specimen containing both components. This method, integrated with coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, revealed a localized feature of polymer chains corresponding to the reptation tube, which could not be identified using conventional scattering techniques. Nanoscopic scale ; Nanotechnology ; Materials science ; Spectroscopy ; Electron ; Physics Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques ; Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications
Authors: Chun Ma | Xinyue Wang | Tibor Soós | Junliang Zhang | Junfeng Yang
Source: Nature Communications (article, 2025-07-01)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Ligand-controlled regiodivergent and enantioselective hydrophosphorylation of styrenes by palladium Asymmetric hydrophosphorylation of unsaturated compounds is a straightforward and atom-economic approach to obtain chiral organophosphorus compounds. Herein, we describe a ligand-controlled regiodivergent and enantioselective hydrophosphorylation of styrenes facilitated by Pd catalysis and a PC-Phos ligand. This methodology enables the facile synthesis of both Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov alkyl phosphorus compounds with high to excellent regio- and enantioselectivity, achieving up to >95:5 rr and 92% ee. Deuterium-labeling experiment and computational mechanistic studies unveil that the migratory insertion is the enatio-determining step, in which the O···H hydrogen bonding between the H-phosphonate and the ligand is identified as a crucial factor. Furthermore, our investigations demonstrate that both migratory insertion and reductive elimination contribute to achieving high regioselectivity and enantioselectivity. These findings not only advance the field of asymmetric hydrophosphorylation of simple styrenes, but also deepen our understanding of noncovalent interactions in ligand design. Enantioselective synthesis ; Palladium ; Ligand (biochemistry) ; Chemistry ; Stereochemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Catalysis ; Biochemistry ; Receptor Asymmetric Hydrogenation and Catalysis ; Organophosphorus compounds synthesis ; Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Authors: Erick Kipngetich Towett | Vuyelwa J. Tembu | Douglas Kemboi | Moses K. Langat | Amanda‐Lee E. Manicum
Source: International Journal of Molecular Sciences (review, 2025-07-21)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Review of Recent Medicinal Applications of Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes The use of metal-based complexes is currently taking centre stage in the field of nanomedicine for the treatment and control of various ailments. Rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes have frequently been evaluated in vitro for their anticancer activities, and a few have advanced to in vivo and clinical trials, owing to the distinct application characteristics of these complexes. Their inception in drug development is key. This study explores a detailed chronological overview of the medical applications of Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes over the past six years (2019-2024), focusing on their applications and clinical tests in the control and management of various ailments. An in-depth examination of their activities in anticancer treatments, Chagas disease, antifungal infections, antimalarial, and microbial infections was conducted, comparing the complexes to various standard antibiotics, conventional antimalarial drugs, antifungals, and standard anticancer agents. Rhenium ; Medicine ; Chemistry ; Organic chemistry Click Chemistry and Applications ; Synthesis of Tetrazole Derivatives ; Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Applications
Authors: J.P. Lei | Zihe Wu | Daoping Ye | Yifan Feng | Yu Tian | Jin Niu | Chong Cheng | Yi Wang | Shuang Li | Changsheng Zhao
Source: Angewandte Chemie International Edition (article, 2025-09-06)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Amorphous Silica Induced Loose CeO <sub>2</sub> Clusters with Isolated Pt Atoms for Efficient Reverse‐Water Gas Shift Reaction Pt-based catalysts exhibit extraordinary potential in reverse-water gas shift (RWGS) reactions, but often fail to possess a high reaction rate and high durability at the same time under high temperature. Herein, we designed a SiO<sub>2</sub>-induced loose CeO<sub>2</sub> as an effective capture for Pt atoms. The abundant surface O vacancies in the loose CeO<sub>2</sub> can trigger significant electron transfer from Pt to CeO<sub>2</sub> and play a crucial role in stabilizing Pt atoms, therefore, largely improving its thermal stability. The as-synthesized Pt-aCeO<sub>2</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst possesses a record CO production rate of 7672.7 mol<sub>CO</sub> mol<sub>Pt</sub> <sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> with CO selectivity > 97% at 400 °C surpass most of the reported Pt-based catalysts. More importantly, over 90% of the initial activity of the catalyst remains after 200 h constant operation at 400 °C, verifying the improved durability of Pt atoms under high temperature. Our investigation proposes a method of inducing the formation of defect-rich active supports through amorphous substrates, providing new thinking for designing atomic catalysts with good stability under high temperatures. Catalysis ; Amorphous solid ; Selectivity ; Durability ; Thermal stability ; Platinum ; Water-gas shift reaction ; Thermal Catalytic Processes in Materials Science ; Catalysis and Oxidation Reactions ; Catalysts for Methane Reforming
Authors: Francesco Dell’Olio
Source: Photonics (article, 2025-01-08)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Metasurface-Enabled Microphotonic Biosensors via BIC Modes Photonic biosensors based on bound states in the continuum (BIC) resonant modes exhibit a transformative potential for high-sensitivity, label-free detection across various diagnostic applications. BIC-enabled metasurfaces, utilizing dielectric, plasmonic, and hybrid structures, achieve ultra-high Q-factors and amplify target molecule interactions on functionalized sensor surfaces. These unique properties result in increased refractive index sensitivity and low detection limits, essential for monitoring biomolecules in clinical diagnostics, environmental analysis, and food safety. Recent advancements in BIC-enabled metasurfaces have demonstrated ultra-low detection limits in the zeptomolar range, making these devices highly promising for real-world applications. This review paper critically discusses the design principles of BIC-based biosensors, emphasizing key factors such as material selection, structural asymmetry, and functionalization strategies that enhance both sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, recent advancements in fabrication techniques that enable precise BIC control with scalable approaches for practical biosensing applications are examined. Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of BIC metasurfaces for real-time, low-concentration detection, highlighting their versatility and adaptability. Finally, the review discusses future challenges and opportunities, such as integration with microfluidics for point-of-care testing and multiplexed sensing, underscoring the potential of BIC-based platforms to revolutionize the field of biosensing. Biosensor ; Biophotonics ; Nanophotonics ; Photonic crystal ; Optics ; Physics ; Photonics ; Optoelectronics ; Nanotechnology ; Computer science ; Materials science Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research ; Photonic and Optical Devices
Authors: M. A. Marzouk | R.M. Khattab | H.E.H. Sadek | M. Mubarak Ali | I. S. Ali
Source: Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials (article, 2025-06-09)
Field: Materials Science — Ceramics and Composites

Sustainable Synthesis and Characterization of Bi2O3 Doped Borate Glass-Ceramics from Granite Sludge Waste with Emphasis on Structure, Luminescence and Mechanical Properties Abstract A series of glass-ceramics was synthesized from a ternary system comprising the glass-forming oxide B 2 O 3 , granite sludge waste, and varying amounts of the heavy metal oxide (HMO) Bi 2 O 3 , using a controlled heat-treatment process guided by differential thermal analysis (DTA). The crystallization behavior was optimized based on DTA results, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) were used to characterize the crystalline phases and microstructure. XRD analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of the parent glasses. Upon heat treatment at 600 °C, crystallization was initiated with the formation of crystalline SiO 2 in both orthorhombic and tetragonal forms. At higher Bi 2 O 3 concentrations, a monoclinic bismite phase also emerged. Further heating to 650 °C led to the development of the same crystalline phases, but with significantly sharper and more intense diffraction peaks, indicating improved crystallinity. HRSEM imaging revealed hexagonal plate-like crystals in undoped samples, which transformed into petal-shaped morphologies as the Bi 2 O 3 content increased to 10 wt%. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy confirmed the elemental compositions corresponding to the crystalline phases identified by XRD. Photoluminescence measurements showed blue emission at 448 nm in both glass and glass-ceramic samples, attributed to radiative transitions of excited Bi³⁺ ions or defect-related luminescent centers. Microhardness testing indicated a reduction in hardness with increasing Bi 2 O 3 content; however, the glass-ceramics exhibited significantly higher hardness than their amorphous counterparts, due to crystallization during heat treatment. This study demonstrates a sustainable method for recycling solid waste into functional glass-ceramics and highlights their potential applications in structural materials and optoelectronics. Materials science ; Boron ; Characterization (materials science) ; Luminescence ; Doping ; Ceramic ; Chemical engineering ; Mineralogy ; Metallurgy ; Nanotechnology ; Organic chemistry ; Chemistry ; Optoelectronics Glass properties and applications ; Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production ; Nuclear materials and radiation effects
Authors: Bill T. Ferrara | E. P. Thompson | Giovanni N. Roviello | Thomas F. Gale
Source: International Journal of Molecular Sciences (article, 2025-07-15)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

C-Terminal Analogues of Camostat Retain TMPRSS2 Protease Inhibition: New Synthetic Directions for Antiviral Repurposing of Guanidinium-Based Drugs in Respiratory Infections The recent global coronavirus pandemic highlighted the ever-present threat of respiratory virus outbreaks and the consequent need for ongoing research into antiviral therapy. To this end, structural analogues of the guanidinium-based drug camostat mesylate have been synthesised to probe their potential inhibition of Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2), a human protease that is essential for infection by many respiratory viruses, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Our in vitro fluorescence-based protease assays and supporting computational docking studies suggest that C-terminal camostat analogues retain TMPRSS2 inhibition potencies (IC<sub>50</sub> = 1-3 nM, BE = -6.6 to -7.0 kcal/mol) that match or exceed that of the parent drug. Analogues <b>1c</b> and <b>1d</b> emerge as lead candidates in this regard, thereby validating the rationale behind C-terminal structural modifications and highlighting these derivatives as promising scaffolds for the future development of targeted antiviral therapeutics. Replacement of camostat's ester functionality with peptide linkages largely preserves non-covalent binding but disrupts in vitro protease inhibition, findings consistent with the parent drug's known role as an acylating suicide inhibitor. Docking studies confirm that the replacement of aromatic residues with flexible, equivalent-length alkyl chains is detrimental to drug binding. These function and binding data offer new directions for the synthesis of further analogues of camostat and of other guanidinium-based protease inhibitors that have yet to be refined via structure-activity relationship studies. Further investigation will support tailoring this class of drugs for repurposing in antiviral therapy. Protease ; Serine protease ; Drug repositioning ; Benzamidine ; Docking (animal) ; Pharmacology ; Chemistry ; TMPRSS2 ; Biochemistry ; Drug ; Biology ; Enzyme ; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ; Medicine ; Infectious disease (medical specialty) Click Chemistry and Applications ; HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment ; Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Authors: Shiwei Fu | Miao Zhang | Nicholas Calzadilla | Bowen Zhao | Xiao Zhang | Bowei Yang | Victoria A A McKenzie | Ajay Zheng | Qianqian Ni | Fuwu Zhang
Source: Nanoscale (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Smart polymer prodrugs <i>via</i> responsive prodrug-initiated ring-opening polymerization of lactide for improved drug delivery Smart polymer prodrugs, created <i>via</i> responsive prodrug-initiated controlled polymerization of lactide, demonstrated extremely high drug loading, tuneable stimuli-triggered drug release, and significant tumor growth inhibition and improved survival with minimal toxicity. This adaptable strategy can precisely tailor drugs' physicochemical properties for optimal therapeutic efficacy, demonstrating great promise for cancer treatment. Prodrug ; Polymerization ; Drug ; Smart polymer ; Polymer ; Drug delivery ; Lactide ; Materials science ; Ring-opening polymerization ; Controlled release ; Chemistry ; Combinatorial chemistry ; Nanotechnology ; Organic chemistry ; Pharmacology ; Medicine ; Biochemistry biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties ; Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications ; Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials