jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Bikram Keshari Mishra | Amiya Kumar | P. Tripathy | S Anwer | G Ali | C Hamadamin | H Jafar | T Beigi | M Ngadi | D Holman | M Chenier | T Brosnan | D Sun | T Deshpande | S Sengupta | K Raghuvanshi | S Dubey | P Dixit | N Singh | J Gupta | O Grillo | V Rizzo | R Saccone | B Fallico | A Mazzaglia | G Venora | G Muratore | P Gupta | K Pahwa | J Kaur | S Agarwal | R Vig | L Keat | M Ibrahim | M Ariff | S Khatun | J Legan | P Voysey | J Mac Queen | M Madgi | A Danti | B Anami | B Mishra | A Rath | S Nanda | R Baidyanath | N Nayak | S Swain | V Narendra | K Hareesh | S Poobal | G Ravindran | J Pujari | R Yakkundimath | A Byadgi | . Rajkumar | G Malathi | M Tortorello | D Stewart | C Willmott | K Matsuura
Source: International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (article, 2019-08-28)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Detection of Fungal Contagion in Food Items Using Enhanced Image Segmentation Today the consumer demands for superior quality and safe food products. In order to obtain healthier products we need to emphasize on superior detection capabilities to identify any presence of foreign materials on them which are responsible for making them unhygienic. Image segmentation is one such technique which is vastly employed in such domains. It identifies the affected portion from the other regions. Hence, we made an effort to apply image segmentation to discover the existence of fungal contagion in food items. In this paper, an attempt has been made to use clustering as an approach in image segmentation. Few improved cluster-based image segmentation techniques like K-Means, MCKM, FEKM and FECA were used on quite a variety of food items to detect the existence of any kind of fungal growth on their surface. The results segmentation obtained were analyzed to verify their effectiveness by using few known performance measures including SC, RMSE, PSNR, MSE, MAE and NAE. The various food images were segmented to obtain both their gray scale and colored results. As per our anticipation, the outcome of FECA based segmentation is by far much sounder in contrast to the other methods. More or less every value of chosen quality measures offer encouraging results for FECA based segmentation technique as compared to the others, which implies accurate identification of fungal growth on food surfaces was achievable. Segmentation ; Cluster analysis ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer science ; Image segmentation ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Computer vision Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies ; Smart Agriculture and AI
Authors: Dominik Kopczynski | Wout Bittremieux | David Bouyssié | Viktoria Dorfer | Marie Locard‐Paulet | Bart Van Puyvelde | Veit Schwämmle | Alessio Soggiù | Sander Willems | Julian Uszkoreit
Source: EuPA Open Proteomics (article, 2019-03-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Proceedings of the EuBIC Winter School 2019 The 2019 European Bioinformatics Community (EuBIC) Winter School was held from January 15th to January 18th 2019 in Zakopane, Poland. This year's meeting was the third of its kind and gathered international researchers in the field of (computational) proteomics to discuss (mainly) challenges in proteomics quantification and data independent acquisition (DIA). Here, we present an overview of the scientific program of the 2019 EuBIC Winter School. Furthermore, we can already give a small outlook to the upcoming EuBIC 2020 Developer's Meeting. Library science ; Data science ; Field (mathematics) ; Political science ; Computer science ; Mathematics Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies ; Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
Authors: María‐Teresa Sánchez | Carlos Pintado | María-José De la Haba | Irina Torres | Manuel J García García | Dolores Pérez‐Marín
Source: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture (article, 2019-12-17)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

<i>In situ</i> ripening stages monitoring of Lamuyo pepper using a new‐generation near‐infrared spectroscopy sensor The viability of NIRS for measuring dry matter content and soluble solid contents in situ, using a new-generation NIRS sensor, was demonstrated. However, the high water content, the irregular shape of the fruit, and the fact that it is hollow inside all point to the need for using larger samples sets so as to increase the robustness of the models obtained. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry. Dry matter ; Pepper ; Titratable acid ; Orange (colour) ; Ripening ; Chemistry ; In situ ; Horticulture ; Near-infrared spectroscopy ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Food science ; Botany ; Mathematics ; Chromatography ; Biology ; Physics ; Optics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies ; Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
Authors: Yousef Abbaspour‐Gilandeh | Sajad Sabzi | Juan Ignacio Arribas
Source: Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi (article, 2019-12-02)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

A Video Image Segmentation System for the Fruit-trees in Multi-stage Outdoors Orchard under Natural Conditions Segmentation is an important part of each machine vision system that has a direct relationship with the final system accuracy and performance. Outdoors segmentation is often complex and difficult due to both changes in sunlight intensity and the different nature of background objects. However, in fruit-tree orchards, an automatic segmentation algorithm with high accuracy and speed is very desirable. For this reason, a multi-stage segmentation algorithm is applied for the segmentation of apple fruits with Red Delicious cultivar in orchard under natural light and background conditions. This algorithm comprises a combination of five segmentation stages, based on: 1- L*u*v* color space, 2- local range texture feature, 3- intensity transformation, 4- morphological operations, and 5- RGB color space. To properly train a segmentation algorithm, several videos were recorded under nine different light intensities in Iran- Kermanshah (longitude: 7.03E; latitude: 4.22N) with natural (real) conditions in terms of both light and background. The order of segmentation stage methods in multi-stage algorithm is very important since has a direct relationship with final segmentation accuracy. The best order of segmentation methods resulted to be: 1- color, 2- texture and 3- intensity transformation methods. Results show that the values of sensitivity, accuracy and specificity, in both classes, were higher than 97.5%, over the test set. We believe that those promising numbers imply that the proposed algorithm has a remarkable performance and could potentially be applied in real-world industrial case. Segmentation ; Artificial intelligence ; Scale-space segmentation ; Computer vision ; Image segmentation ; RGB color model ; Color space ; Computer science ; Segmentation-based object categorization ; Tree (set theory) ; Transformation (genetics) ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Mathematics ; Image (mathematics) ; Biology Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Smart Agriculture and AI ; Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement
Authors: Navaneeth Haridasan | Sridhar Kumar Kannam | Santosh Mogurampelly | Sarith P. Sathian
Source: Proceedings of the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering (article, 2019-08-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Stokes-EInstein-Debye Relation: A Check of Validity for Proteins in Nanoconfinements Combined kinetic theory-hydrodynamics treatment has been proven effective in the prediction of biomolecule dynamics, generally if a single biomolecule is present in the bulk solvent. But the validity of such a theory in many physiological conditions is controversial. In the present study, a sample protein surrounded by other large biomolecules is approximated as the protein in a cylindrical nanopore. The hydrodynamic radius of the protein is chosen as an indicator to check whether one of the widely used kinetic theoryhydrodynamics relation namely Stokes-Einstein-Debye relation, is genuine for confined conditions of the protein. It has been found that Stokes-Einstein-Debye relation cannot be satisfied by the protein if confinement dimensions are very close. The reason for the violation can be attributed to van der Waals interaction between pore and the protein. Debye ; Relation (database) ; Physics ; Einstein ; Computer science ; Quantum mechanics ; Data mining Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Computational Drug Discovery Methods ; Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research
Authors: Mahmoud Abdel‐Goad | N.S. Mahmoud | Basma Saad
Source: Egyptian Journal of Chemistry (article, 2019-10-20)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

The Analysis of Adsorption Phenomenon for Nano silica with Some Radionuclides Released in The Primary Coolant of PWR Nano silica particles were tested to remove some radionuclides (R.Ns) from primary coolant water through different experiments. A simulation of the R.Ns such as Strontium (Sr), Nickel (Ni) and Cobalt (Co) was conducted by using the same chemical elements. From experiments, the adsorption capacity values at elements of concentration 400mg/l were 19128, 18270 and 19728mg/g, respectively. The analysis of the adsorption phenomena was described through different kinetic factors, adsorption isotherms, and thermodynamic parameters. From the data of experiments, The amount of elements adsorbed by nano particles (qe cal ) was the same for three elements and equal 20000 mg/g in the pseudo second order model. By the intraparticle diffusion model, the qe cal values were equal 19024, 18006 and 19131mg/g, respectively. It meant a very strong chemical adsorption process. In Freundlich isotherm, the calculated correlation factors of three elements were 0.979, 0.992 and 0.990, respectively. These results confirmed the heterogeneity of nano-silica surface and the adsorption was multilayer and cooperative process. From D-K-R isotherm, the calculated energies were 316.23, 316.23 and 353.55 kJ mol-1, respectively. From the thermodynamic results, the reaction for the three elements was spontaneous. This work confirmed that the nano silica could be good adsorbent material for removing R.Ns. Coolant ; Adsorption ; Radionuclide ; Radiochemistry ; Nano- ; Nuclear engineering ; Materials science ; Nuclear chemistry ; Chemistry ; Nuclear physics ; Engineering ; Composite material ; Physics ; Organic chemistry Radioactive element chemistry and processing ; Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies ; Chemical Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Ari Seff | Wenda Zhou | Farhan Damani | Abigail G. Doyle | Ryan P. Adams
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2019-07-18)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Discrete Object Generation with Reversible Inductive Construction The success of generative modeling in continuous domains has led to a surge of interest in generating discrete data such as molecules, source code, and graphs. However, construction histories for these discrete objects are typically not unique and so generative models must reason about intractably large spaces in order to learn. Additionally, structured discrete domains are often characterized by strict constraints on what constitutes a valid object and generative models must respect these requirements in order to produce useful novel samples. Here, we present a generative model for discrete objects employing a Markov chain where transitions are restricted to a set of local operations that preserve validity. Building off of generative interpretations of denoising autoencoders, the Markov chain alternates between producing 1) a sequence of corrupted objects that are valid but not from the data distribution, and 2) a learned reconstruction distribution that attempts to fix the corruptions while also preserving validity. This approach constrains the generative model to only produce valid objects, requires the learner to only discover local modifications to the objects, and avoids marginalization over an unknown and potentially large space of construction histories. We evaluate the proposed approach on two highly structured discrete domains, molecules and Laman graphs, and find that it compares favorably to alternative methods at capturing distributional statistics for a host of semantically relevant metrics. Generative grammar ; Markov chain ; Computer science ; Generative model ; Object (grammar) ; Theoretical computer science ; Set (abstract data type) ; Artificial intelligence ; Sequence (biology) ; Generative Design ; Machine learning ; Programming language Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Cell Image Analysis Techniques ; Gene expression and cancer classification
Authors: Somayeh Rahdar | Abbas Rahdar | Shahin Ahmadi | Zhara Mehdizadeh | Mahmoud Taghavi
Source: Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (article, 2019-04-21)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Preparation, Physical Characterization and Adsorption Properties of Synthesized Co–Ni–Cr Nanocomposites for Highly Effective Removal of Nitrate: Isotherms, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies Abstract In the current effort, the Co–Ni–Cr Nanocomposites were synthesized by chemical method and characterized by means of scanning electron micrographs (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier trans from infra-red (FTIR), and vibration sample magnetization (VSM). In the final step, these nanoparticles were used to study the nitrate removal efficiency from aqueous solution. The effect of important factor including pH, concentration of Nitrate (NO 3 − ) ion, contact time and nanoparticle dose were studied in order to find the optimum adsorption conditions. A maximum of removal of the nitrate was observed at pH 4, initial concentration of 40 mg L −1 , amount of nanoparticle of 0.06 g L −1 and contact time 60 min. The adsorption isotherm values were obtained and analyzed using the Langmuir, Frenudlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich equations, the Temkin isotherm being the one that showed the best correlation coefficient (R 2 = 0.999). In addition to, the adsorption kinetics studied by the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich model, Ritchie and intraparticle diffusion models. The experimental data fitted to pseudo-second-order (R 2 = 0.999). Adsorption ; Aqueous solution ; Nanocomposite ; Freundlich equation ; Nanoparticle ; Kinetics ; Diffusion ; Langmuir adsorption model ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; Langmuir ; Nitrate ; Scanning electron microscope ; Nuclear chemistry ; Chemistry ; Materials science ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Chemical engineering ; Chromatography ; Physical chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Nanotechnology ; Thermodynamics ; Composite material Nanomaterials for catalytic reactions ; Ammonia Synthesis and Nitrogen Reduction ; Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
Authors: Jinpeng Liu | Zhongni Wang
Source: Journal of Surfactants and Detergents (article, 2019-05-20)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

The Investigations of Construction and <i>in vitro</i> Release of Curcumin Lyotropic Liquid Crystals: Phase Diagrams, Small Angle X‐ray Scattering, Rheological Technology, and Release Kinetics Abstract In this study, hexagonal and cubic lyotropic liquid crystals (LLC) were constructed in Brij 97‐Tween 40 (MS 82 , MS 64 and MS 46 )/OLA/H 2 O systems to encapsulate curcumin. MS 82 , MS 64 , and MS 46 indicated that the mass ratio of Brij 97/Tween 40 was 8/2, 6/4, and 4/6. The microstructure of curcumin LLC was studied using small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). Phase diagrams showed that the increase of MS reduced the phase transition temperature ( T C ). Particularly, the T C of sample C 1 Cur [Brij 97‐Tween 40 (MS 46 )/OLA/H 2 O = 50.0/2.8/47.2] and C 2 Cur [Brij 97‐Tween 40 (MS 46 )/OLA/H 2 O = 50.0/25.0/25.0] was 37.6 and 35.4 °C, respectively, close to the temperature of the human body. Thus, the shear rheology and SAXS were used to study the structural changes of samples C 1 Cur and C 2 Cur with temperature. The moduli values of samples C 1 Cur and C 2 Cur decreased with the increase of temperature, showing various structural strengths. in vitro release experiment was used to study the drug release kinetics. The release of curcumin from LLC conformed to the concentration diffusion model. Due to a similar a S , the release of curcumin from samples A 1 Cur, B 1 Cur, and C 1 Cur (Brij 97‐Tween 40/OLA/H 2 O = 50.0/2.8/47.2 and the MS is MS 82 , MS 64 , and MS 46 ) showed a similar release behavior under different MS. The release behavior of curcumin was related to the structure of samples C 1 Cur and C 2 Cur at different temperatures. Curcumin exhibited the fastest release rate when the samples behaved as the micellar phase. Chemistry ; Small-angle X-ray scattering ; Curcumin ; Lyotropic liquid crystal ; Kinetics ; Rheology ; Phase (matter) ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Lyotropic ; Crystallography ; Scattering ; Nuclear chemistry ; Chromatography ; Liquid crystalline ; Organic chemistry ; Materials science Surfactants and Colloidal Systems ; Liquid Crystal Research Advancements ; Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
Authors: Xiaohui Hu | Fangsong Zhang | Hong Wang | Xinyi Zhang | Linfeng Zhang
Source: Journal of Nanomaterials (article, 2019-11-06)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Synthesis of MnO<sub>2</sub> Hollow Nanospheres through Selective Etching Method as an Effective Absorbent to Remove Methyl Orange from Aqueous Solution The discharge of dye wastewater has become an unavoidable problem for human health and the environment. Developing an economical and rapid method to prepare effective adsorbents for selective removal of dyes is extremely urgent. In this work, MnO 2 hollow nanospheres (MHNSs) were prepared through the selective etching method with the MnCO 3 as the sacrificial template. The effect of the pH value, contact time, and initial concentration on the adsorption of methyl orange (MO) onto the MHNSs was systematically investigated. The unique mesoporous hollow structure and large BET surface area (43.74 m 2 /g) of MHNSs lead to an excellent adsorption capacity (1677.14 mg/g) at the optimal condition. Furthermore, the prepared MHNSs also showed great stability (90% removal rate after four cycles). The adsorption kinetics data fitted well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>R</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.9997</mml:mn></mml:math>). The overall process was jointly controlled by external mass transfer and intraparticle diffusion, and intraparticle diffusion was the dominant factor. The adsorption isotherm results showed that the Freundlich model was more accurate to describe the experimental data than the Langmuir model. The thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption of MO on MHNSs was spontaneous and exothermic. Moreover, the calculated <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>G</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>°</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math> and the XPS spectra showed that the process was mainly a physical process. It is expected that MHNS has a potential application for purifying dye wastewater due to its great adsorption performance and excellent stability. Adsorption ; Materials science ; Freundlich equation ; Aqueous solution ; Langmuir ; Mesoporous material ; Langmuir adsorption model ; Diffusion ; Chemical engineering ; Thermodynamics ; Physical chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Chemistry Nanomaterials for catalytic reactions ; Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal ; Graphene research and applications
Authors: Samar Abdelsalam | Adel Wahba | M.A. Amer | Ahmed Doma | Bahaa Eddin Moharram
Source: Journal of Engineering Research - Egypt/Journal of Engineering Research (article, 2019-03-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Structural, Magnetic and Electrical Properties of Co-Doped Barium Monoferrite BaFe2O4 Cobalt-substituted barium monoferrite with theformula BaCoxFe2-xO4 (x = 0.0 – 0.4, step 0.1) has been preparedthrough the sol-gel autocombustion method. Phase purity forprepared samples sintered at 700 and 1050 ̊C was analyzed byX-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns that indicated the formationof the typical orthorhombic phase for the samples. Fouriertransforminfrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to investigatethe effect of cobalt doping on the vibrational modes of thestudied samples. Scherrer and Williamson-Hall formulae wereused to define the microstrian and the crystallite size being inthe range of 44.1 to 59.7 nm, which was further confirmed withtransmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. Magneticcharacteristics including magnetic saturation and coercivitywere obtained from hysteresis loops traced using vibratingsample magnetometry (VSM). Magnetic properties werecorrelated with the composition of the prepared samples.Finally, dielectric measurements were operated to furtherconfirm the structural and magnetic analysis. Barium ; Doping ; Materials science ; Engineering physics ; Metallurgy ; Optoelectronics ; Physics Magnetic Properties and Synthesis of Ferrites ; Multiferroics and related materials ; Magneto-Optical Properties and Applications
Authors: P. M. Franca | Alane P. Santos | C. G. Queiroz | Karla K.A. Santos | A. C. M. Silva | Silvana Mattedi
Source: Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas (article, 2019-12-20)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

ADSORPTION OF CRUDE OIL IN AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENT USING WILD CANE FIBER: EQUILIBRIUM AND KINETIC STUDIES This work evaluates the adsorption capacity of the wild cane fiber (Gynerium Sagittatum) in crude oil. Both untreated biomass and treated with ionic liquid [2HEA][Ac] and acetylated were studied for oil spill cleanup in aqueous environment. Crude oil adsorption tests were performed in a thermostatic bath, varying the time for the kinetic study and the amount of oil for isotherm model. Kinetic study of oil adsorption allowed us to identify that the untreated fiber reached saturation in 90 minutes, while the fiber treated with acetylated and ionic liquid reached saturation in 30 minutes. In equilibrium, the total amount of oil adsorbed by the untreated fiber was 3.8g, whereas in acetylated and ionic liquid treated fiber, the obtained maximum adsorption capacity was 4.4 and 3.7 g, respectively. The remediation process using wild cane fiber followed a second order kinetic rate and Sips and Toth isotherm models provided the best fit to experimental data. Adsorption ; Fiber ; Saturation (graph theory) ; Chemistry ; Ionic liquid ; Aqueous solution ; Ionic strength ; Chemical engineering ; Chromatography ; Materials science ; Organic chemistry ; Mathematics ; Engineering Pickering emulsions and particle stabilization ; Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity ; Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal