jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Jonathan Kriewald
Source: ArXiv.org (preprint, 2025-10-01)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

No Track left behind: Graph-based Vertexing for long-lived Particle Reconstruction Reconstruction of displaced vertices is a cornerstone of both precision flavour physics and searches for long-lived particles (LLPs) at colliders. While existing vertexing algorithms are highly optimised for primary and short-lived secondary vertices, they face limitations when confronted with the large displacements and heterogeneous topologies characteristic of LLP decays. In this work we present a new approach to displaced vertex reconstruction combining an initialisation-free robust vertex fitter with a graph-based track clustering strategy. The algorithm is implemented as a self-contained Delphes module and can be straightforwardly integrated into existing detector cards, providing a turn-key tool for phenomenological studies. This plug-and-play functionality fills a gap left by public software frameworks, which either lack displaced-vertex capabilities or are not readily usable in fast-simulation environments. We validate our approach in an IDEA-like FCC-ee detector, using Higgs-strahlung $e^+e^- \to Zh$ with exotic $h\to NN$ decays as a benchmark process. We demonstrate excellent efficiency, resolution, and purity across a broad range of lifetimes, and derive model-independent projections for the FCC-ee sensitivity to exotic Higgs branching fractions. USable ; Vertex (graph theory) ; Cluster analysis ; Software ; Benchmark (surveying) ; Detector ; Synthetic data ; Sensitivity (control systems) Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques ; Scientific Computing and Data Management
Authors: Thomas Zeyen | Inga Krause | Andreas Decker | Florian Kroh | Sebastian Regnery | Johannes Weller | Niklaus Schaefer | Mousa Zidan | Anna‐Laura Potthoff | Matthias Schneider | Lea L Friker | Jochen Keupp | Christoph Katemann | Julian Philipp Layer | Christina Schaub | Eleni Gkika | Hartmut Vatter | Torsten Pietsch | Alexander Radbruch | Ulrich Herrlinger | Daniel Paech
Source: Neuro-Oncology (article, 2025-11-13)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) CEST MRI in clinical routine for single time point diagnosis of pseudoprogression in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma APTw MRI is a non-invasive imaging tool that is feasible for clinical routine and aids in differentiation of early progression from pseudoprogression in glioblastoma. Its diagnostic accuracy decreases with application of anti-angiogenic treatment and at later follow-up time points. Highest diagnostic accuracy was found in a multimodal approach combining APTw MRI, PWI and DWI. Glioblastoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Medical imaging ; Time point ; Mri scan Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes ; Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications ; Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Adnan Akçin | Tülay Aytaş Akçin | Erkan Yalçın
Source: Journal of Applied Biological Sciences (article, 2025-09-29)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Effects of lead heavy metal exposure on anatomical structure of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Krasunia Odeska) This study aimed to investigate the effects of various concentrations of lead (Pb) heavy metal on the anatomical structure of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Krasunia Odeska). Wheat seedlings were cultivated under controlled conditions and treated with different concentrations of Pb (0, 10, 15 mM). After 28 days, root, stem, and leaf samples were collected for anatomical analysis. Pb stress caused thickening of the epidermis, exodermis, and endodermis in the roots, increased the diameter of cortex cells, and decreased the diameter of the stele and vascular bundles. In the stem, the epidermis and collenchyma cells thickened, while the diameter of the tracheids in the vascular bundles decreased. In the leaves, the length of the epidermis cells decreased, the length and width of bulliform cells increased, the sclerenchyma tissue thickened, and the thickness of the phloem in the vascular bundles decreased. In conclusion, lead stress induced significant anatomical changes in the root, stem, and leaf tissues of bread wheat. These alterations can be interpreted as the plant's attempts to develop tolerance to Pb stress. Endodermis ; Vascular bundle ; Phloem ; Stele ; Tracheid ; Epidermis (zoology) ; Vascular tissue ; Xylem Heavy Metals in Plants ; Heavy metals in environment ; Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects
Authors: Jun Zhu | Huizhen Feng | Wenkang Huang | Jianfeng Xu | Ying Tian | Mian Jia | Manna Gu
Source: Optica Applicata (article, 2025-09-12)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Design and analysis of multi-angle diffraction efficiency distribution for all-dielectric transmissive grating This paper presents the design of a C-shaped all-dielectric metasurface. The C-shaped dielectric structure and its substrate materials are Si and SiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, respectively. This unit structure enables independent control of the amplitude and phase of cross-polarized transmitted terahertz electromagnetic waves. By using parameter scanning method, four different unit structures were optimized at 0.1 and 1 THz, achieving unit phase distributions with a 45° interval within the range of 0° to 180°. Additionally, a 180° phase jump occurs when the unit structure rotates by 90°, achieving full phase control over the 360° range. By adjusting the orientation of the unit structure, arbitrary amplitude control can also be achieved. The highest transmission coefficients for the unit structures at 0.1 and 1 THz are 0.62 and 0.56, respectively. To verify the control capability of the designed unit structure on transmitted electromagnetic waves, metasurface gratings were designed based on these unit structures, enabling arbitrary control of diffraction angles and orders. At both frequencies, two different metasurface gratings were designed with diffraction orders of (&lt;i&gt;m&lt;/i&gt; = +1) and (&lt;i&gt;m&lt;/i&gt; = +1, +3). Near-field and far-field simulations of the super-grating structures were conducted using the finite integral method. The designed metasurface grating demonstrates effective control of cross-polarized transmitted waves, and its deflection angles conform to diffraction laws. Grating ; Diffraction ; Terahertz radiation ; Diffraction grating ; Diffraction efficiency ; Amplitude ; Phase (matter) Optical Coatings and Gratings ; Photonic and Optical Devices ; Advanced optical system design
Authors: Na Yang
Source:  (article, 2025-11-26)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Correlation analysis of natural gas pipeline corrosion and anticorrosion countermeasures research under coexistence of H2S and CO2 In view of the coexistence of H<sub>2</sub>S and CO<sub>2</sub> in the natural gas pipeline of a certain gas field, the correlation rules of pipeline corrosion factors and anti-corrosion countermeasures in this corrosive environment are studied. The multi-phase flow transient model is used to calculate the variation laws of pipeline flow parameters and medium parameters along the pipeline. The main control factors of corrosion are determined as liquid flow rate, liquid holdup, H<sub>2</sub>S partial pressure, CO<sub>2</sub> partial pressure and temperature by the Pearson correlation coefficient method. The Apriori association rule mining algorithm is used to analyze the correlation between the main control factors of corrosion and the corrosion rate, and the most severe corrosion conditions are determined. The results are verified by high-temperature and high-pressure reactor experiments. The pre-film + corrosion inhibitor is selected as the anti-corrosion countermeasure for this natural gas pipeline. It is found that adding corrosion inhibitor B on the basis of pre-film with corrosion inhibitor A could achieve a corrosion inhibition rate of 81% to 90% through indoor evaluation and field monitoring of the corrosion inhibitor. The method of "pre-film + corrosion inhibitor" could reduce the corrosion rate by 0.2384 mm/a, and the maximum pitting corrosion rate is only 0.0299 mm/a. The corrosion rate met the anti-corrosion requirements, and has a significant anti-corrosion effect on the pipeline. Corrosion ; Natural gas ; Pipeline transport ; Correlation coefficient ; Pitting corrosion ; Pipeline (software) ; Volumetric flow rate ; Partial pressure Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition ; Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis ; Erosion and Abrasive Machining
Authors: Ahmed Aziz Ezzat | Merve Bodur | Ramteen Sioshansi | Zijun Zhang | Shixiang Zhu
Source: INFORMS Journal on Data Science (article, 2025-07-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Call for Papers—<i>INFORMS Journal on Data Science</i> Virtual Special Issue on the Dual Edge of AI: Catalyzing and Challenging the Future of Energy Systems research (O.R.) and analytics professionals and students.INFORMS provides unique networking and learning opportunities for individual professionals, and organizations of all types and sizes, to better understand and use O.R. and analytics tools and methods to transform strategic visions and achieve better outcomes.For more information on INFORMS, its publications, membership, or meetings visit http://www.informs.org Library science ; Computer science ; World Wide Web Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Economic and Technological Innovation
Authors: Shuguo Gao | Haoyu Liu | Qian Zang | Meng Guo | Gang Liu | Zhigang Zhang | Lujian Dai | Yunpeng Liu
Source: IET Electric Power Applications (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Fast calculation method of transformer harmonic magnetic field based on radial basis function augmented surrogate model Abstract Accurate and efficient calculation of a transformer's magnetic field is fundamental for the rapid calculation of its losses, temperature rise, and structural forces. However, existing numerical methods for calculating the harmonic magnetic field of a product‐level transformer are time‐consuming and fail to meet the rapid requirements of digital operations and maintenance. To address this, this paper first utilises the harmonic field method to obtain the snapshot matrix of the transformer's magnetic field. Subsequently, a response surface model of the magnetic field is constructed using intrinsic quadrature theory and radial basis functions in the augmented form. To enhance the efficiency of constructing the reduced‐order model, an adaptive Latin hypercube sampling method, integrating the additive rule and leave‐one‐out cross‐validation, is introduced, significantly improving the efficiency of sample space construction. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by applying the proper orthogonal decomposition‐radial basis function including linear polynomial (POD‐RBFLP) method to calculate the harmonic magnetic field of a three‐phase power transformer in reduced order. The results are compared with those from COMSOL calculations, showing that the reduced‐order model maintains the calculation error within a reasonable range, thereby confirming the accuracy of the proposed method. Additionally, the reduced‐order model demonstrates a significant advantage in computation time compared to COMSOL simulations, enabling the calculation of the transformer's magnetic field in seconds. Radial basis function ; Surrogate model ; Transformer ; Magnetic field ; Harmonic analysis ; Physics ; Computer science ; Electronic engineering ; Mathematics ; Mathematical optimization ; Engineering ; Voltage ; Artificial intelligence Magnetic Properties and Applications ; Model Reduction and Neural Networks ; Non-Destructive Testing Techniques
Authors: Jung‐Won Lee | Sunghwan Kim | Suhyung Kim | Yoo Hyun Um | Sheng‐Min Wang | TaeYeong Kim | Donghyeon Kim | Hyun Kook Lim | Chang Uk Lee | Dong Woo Kang
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2025-07-10)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Optimized Electrical Field Strength of tDCS and White Matter Microstructural Integrity in MCI: Role of Individual Factors Associated with AD White matter ; Structural integrity ; Psychology ; Materials science ; Medicine ; Structural engineering ; Engineering ; Magnetic resonance imaging Conducting polymers and applications
Authors: Anna Gagliardi | Silvia Migliari | A. Guercio | Giorgio Baldari | Tiziano Graziani | Veronica Cervati | Livia Ruffini | Maura Scarlattei
Source: Diagnostics (article, 2025-10-04)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Emerging Radioligands as Tools to Track Multi-Organ Senescence Senescence is a dynamic, multifaceted process implicated in tissue aging, organ dysfunction, and intricately associated with numerous chronic diseases. As senescent cells accumulate, they drive inflammation, fibrosis, and metabolic disruption through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Despite its clinical relevance, senescence remains challenging to detect non-invasively due to its heterogeneous nature and the lack of universal biomarkers. Recent advances in the development of specific imaging probes for positron emission tomography (PET) enable in vivo visualization of senescence-associated pathways across key organs, such as the lung, heart, kidney, and metabolic processes. For instance, [<sup>18</sup>F]FPyGal, a β-galactosidase-targeted tracer, has demonstrated selective accumulation in senescent cells in both preclinical and early clinical studies, while FAP-targeted radioligands are emerging as tools for imaging fibrotic remodeling in the lung, liver, kidney, and myocardium. This review examines a new generation of PET radioligands targeting hallmark features of senescence, with the potential to track and measure the process, the ability to be translated into clinical interventions for early diagnosis, and longitudinal monitoring of senescence-driven pathologies. By integrating organ-specific imaging biomarkers with molecular insights, PET probes are poised to transform our ability to manage and treat age-related diseases through personalized approaches. Senescence ; Positron emission tomography ; Molecular imaging ; Preclinical imaging ; Phenotype ; Process (computing) ; In vivo Advanced Nanomaterials in Catalysis ; Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques ; Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
Authors: Ana Dobreva | Daniela Antonová | Kamelia Gechovska | Nenko Nenov | Liudmil Antonov
Source: Chemistry (article, 2025-09-15)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Subcritical Extraction of Rosa alba L. in Static and Dynamic Modes The chemical composition of Rosa alba L. aromatic products extracted with liquified 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (freon R134a) has been evaluated in static and dynamic modes of extraction. The yield varies in the range 0.039–0.048% for the different variants. In order to reveal the chemical composition and aroma profile of the extracts, they were analyzed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). As a result of the analysis, more than 80 compounds with concentrations higher than 0.01% were identified and quantified in the extracts, representing 92.7, 88.4, and 88.0% of the total content. The study indicated that 2-phenyl ethanol (12.57–14.97%), geraniol (12.09–14.82%), nerol (5.90–6.39%), benzyl alcohol (3.63–5.34%), and citronellol (3.21–4.04%) were the main components of the aroma-bearing fraction. The solid phase consists mainly of nonadecane+nonadecene (15.21–16.85%), heneicosane (11.81–13.78%), and tricosane (2.46–2.96%). In addition, olfactory evaluation of the extracts was performed. The comprehensive assessment of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the extracts indicates that the static, one-stage mode is the most appropriate for the subcritical extraction of R. alba blossoms with freon R134a. Nerol ; Citronellol ; Geraniol ; Extraction (chemistry) ; Gas chromatography ; Aroma ; Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry ; Benzyl alcohol ; Flame ionization detector Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography ; Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis ; thermodynamics and calorimetric analyses
Authors: Celso Vitor A Q Calomeno | Hulyana Brum | Rodrigo S.C. Brant | Marlon Dias Mariano Santos | Luis Miguel Muñoz-Gómez | Ana Gisele C. Neves‐Ferreira | Richard H. Valente | Michel Batista | Paulo C. Carvalho
Source: Journal of Proteomics (article, 2025-10-09)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

SequenceAssembler: A tool for protein sequence assembly from mass spectrometry data Biopharmaceutical ; Proteomics ; Software ; Sequence assembly ; Protein sequencing ; Sequence (biology) ; DNA sequencing ; Mass spectrometry ; Protein methods Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
Authors: Christian Kramberger | Ryosuke Senga | Yung‐Chang Lin | Kazu Suenaga | Thomas Pichler
Source: Methods in microscopy (article, 2025-07-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Momentum and energy resolution Abstract The energy and momentum transfered in an elastic scattering event from a fast electron to a plasmon are intimately linked. The in-plane ( q 2 D ) and out-of-plane transfered momenta ( q z ) are however fundamentally distinct in a two dimensional sheet. Their different characters manifest in a sign flip of the power law scaling of momentum and energy resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy at the optical limit ( q → 0). While the scattering cross section of a bulk systems diverges, the response of a dielectric sheet fades out. This makes freestanding 2D sheet materials like graphene a showcase to demonstrate momentum and energy resolution. Momentum (technical analysis) ; Energy (signal processing) ; Resolution (logic) ; Physics ; Geology ; Aerospace engineering ; Environmental science ; Computer science ; Business ; Engineering ; Artificial intelligence Graphene research and applications ; Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect ; Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies
Authors: Joshua T. Paul
Source:  (article, 2025-07-30)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: ENHANCING BIOAVAILABILITY THROUGH NANOCARRIER TECHNOLOGIES &nbsp;Oral administration of poorly soluble drugs often results in low bioavailability due to limited solubility, poor permeability, and extensive first-pass metabolism. Overcoming these challenges is essential to improving therapeutic outcomes and patient adherence. Objectives: This study aimed to formulate nanocarriers capable of sustaining drug release and evaluate their pharmacokinetic performance compared to conventional drug suspensions. Methods: The solvent evaporation method was used to create the nanocarriers, which were then thoroughly physicochemically characterized. This included evaluating the drug loading, zeta potential, polydispersity index, particle size, and encapsulation efficiency. Ex vivo intestinal permeation tests were carried out utilizing rat intestinal membranes, while in vitro drug release was evaluated over 48 hours. Wistar rats were used in in vivo pharmacokinetic experiments to assess relative bioavailability and systemic exposure. Results: Nanocarriers exhibited uniform particle size (178.4 ± 5.6 nm), high encapsulation efficiency (79.6%), and good colloidal stability. Sustained drug release was observed over 48 hours. Ex vivo permeation studies showed nearly double the permeability compared to free drug suspensions. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a 268% increase in relative bioavailability, prolonged half-life, and significantly higher Cmax. Conclusion: Nanocarrier-based systems effectively improved bioavailability and sustained therapeutic concentrations. This study offers a reproducible framework for developing oral nanocarrier formulations and provides a foundation for future research in targeted and scalable drug delivery. Nanocarriers ; Bioavailability ; Drug delivery ; Drug ; Nanotechnology ; Computer science ; Biochemical engineering ; Pharmacology ; Materials science ; Engineering ; Medicine Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Advanced Drug Delivery Systems ; Cancer Research and Treatment
Authors: Elisa Frutos‐Bernal | Laura Vicente-González | Ana E. Sipols
Source: Axioms (article, 2025-09-03)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Bin-3-Way-PARAFAC-PLS: A 3-Way Partial Least Squares for Binary Response In various research domains, researchers frequently encounter multiple datasets pertaining to the same subjects, with one dataset providing explanatory variables for the others. To address this structure, we introduce the Binary 3-way PARAFAC Partial Least Squares (Bin-3-Way-PARAFAC-PLS), a novel multiway regression method. This method is specifically engineered for scenarios involving a three-way real-valued explanatory data array and a matrix of binary response data. We detail the algorithm’s implementation and illustrate its practical application. Furthermore, we describe biplot representations to aid in result interpretation. The accompanying software necessary for implementing the method is also provided. Finally, the proposed method’s utility in real-world problem-solving is demonstrated through its application to a psychological dataset. Partial least squares regression ; Bin ; Binary number ; Mathematics ; Statistics ; Computer science ; Algorithm ; Arithmetic Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Sensory Analysis and Statistical Methods ; Face and Expression Recognition
Authors: Akira Seino | Akinari Kobayashi | Fuyuki Tokuda | K.Z. Tang | Kazuhiro Kosuge
Source:  (preprint, 2025-07-14)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Fabric Edge Folding along a Curved Line with Multiple Pleats In this paper, we propose a novel end-effector designed for fabric edge folding along curved lines. In garment manufacturing, edge folding is essential for some parts before sewing. Existing automated folding systems rely on templates designed for specific shapes of the parts, limiting flexibility. An end-effector was previously proposed to perform straightline edge folding by moving along a desired line. This paper focuses on the fabric edge folding along a curved line with multiple pleats for smooth folded edges. We analyze the pleat formation and present a new end-effector design that actively generates pleats during the folding process. We conduct experiments to investigate how the fabric geometry (curvature of the folding line and folding width) affects pleat generation. Folding accuracy is also evaluated by measuring deviations between actual and desired folding lines. Results demonstrate that the proposed end-effector enables accurate, template-less folding along curves, offering a practical solution for flexible, automated garment manufacturing. Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution ; Folding (DSP implementation) ; Line (geometry) ; Geometry ; Physics ; Optics ; Computer science ; Mathematics ; Structural engineering ; Telecommunications ; Engineering Textile materials and evaluations
Authors: Aizhan Timurkyzy
Source: Eurasian science review. (article, 2025-03-22)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

STEM Integration in Chemistry Lessons The study examines the key aspects of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) integration in chemistry lessons and its impact on the learning process. The STEM approach fosters students’ research skills and helps develop a scientific mindset. Through the use of practical tasks and project-based methods during lessons, students' interest in chemistry increases, along with their creative and analytical thinking abilities. The study analyzes methods of integrating STEM into chemistry, the tools and resources used, and its influence on the quality of education. Additionally, it highlights the role of the STEM approach in developing students' critical thinking and preparing them for future careers in science and engineering. Incorporating STEM principles into the learning process modernizes the teaching of chemistry, enhances student engagement, and strengthens their practical knowledge. Chemistry Various Chemistry Research Topics ; Science Education and Pedagogy