jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Zhaoyun Yu | Yong Xia | Xiaodong Dong
Source: ScienceAsia (article, 2020-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Study of the surface structure of Fe quantum wire prepared by electrochemical method in solution The surface structural characteristics of Fe quantum wires prepared by two electrochemical methods in solution were studied by their conductance changes caused by the interactions between the quantum wires and specific molecules. Once ascorbic acid was added into the solution, the conductance of the Fe junction decreased to a lower value while for the dopamine adsorption, the conductance showed no obvious change. We proposed that there were some iron(II) ions on the surface of atomic-scale Fe junction, not iron(III) ions, and these iron(II) ions played a significant role for the conductance change. This mechanism was further enhanced by the following two experiments. When exposing the quantum wire to sodium borohydride, the conductance increased to a higher value, and the conductance increase was also observed with an electrochemical reduction process, which provided additional evidence for the proposed mechanism. Electrochemistry ; Surface (topology) ; Quantum ; Materials science ; Nanotechnology ; Chemistry ; Chemical engineering ; Mathematics ; Physics ; Physical chemistry ; Electrode ; Geometry ; Quantum mechanics ; Engineering Anodic Oxide Films and Nanostructures ; Electric Power Systems and Control ; Electrodeposition and Electroless Coatings
Authors: Xanthippi Koutsoumbou | I. Tsiaoussis | Georgiana Bulai | Ovidiu Florin Caltun | Ο. Kalogirou | C. Sarafidis
Source: Preprints.org (preprint, 2020-09-13)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Heating Efficiency of CoFe&lt;sub&gt;2-x&lt;/sub&gt;RE&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; (RE=Dy, Yb, Gd) Magnetic Nanoparticles for Hyperthermia Applications Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) doped with rare earth (RE) metals with general formula CoFe2-xRExO4 (RE=Yb, Dy, Gd; x = 0.0 - 0.3) were synthesized by the co-precipitation method followed by post thermal treatment. The influence of RE doping on structural, magnetic and thermal properties and potential biomedical applications like magnetic hyperthermia has been investigated. In the as-prepared samples RE cations enter the spinel lattice as detected by X-ray diffraction. Thermal treatment leads to thermodynamically stable and relaxed single-phase spinel structures only for lower RE content, x = 0.01-0.05. However, annealed samples present higher mass magnetization values (MS), up to 83 Am2/kg. RE content also affects MS, especially in the case of annealed samples where it decreases linearly with x from about 80 Am2/kg (x = 0.01) to about 60 Am2/kg (x = 0.30). Thermal treatment induces a reduction in coercivity from 60-100 mT for as-prepared samples to 18-33 mT for annealed samples, in a nonlinear manner with respect to RE content. Heating efficiency, i.e., Specific Loss Power (SLP), of all samples has been studied using both magnetometric and calorimetric method to deeper examine the energy loss mechanisms involved. Spinel ; Coercivity ; Materials science ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Doping ; Ferrite (magnet) ; Thermal treatment ; Lattice constant ; Nuclear chemistry ; Diffraction ; Chemistry ; Metallurgy ; Condensed matter physics ; Physics Magnetic Properties and Synthesis of Ferrites ; Multiferroics and related materials ; Magnetic properties of thin films
Authors: Martina Greiner
Source: Electronic Theses of LMU Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) (article, 2020-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Crystal growth and mineral replacement reactions in biomimetic and biological calciumcarbonate and calciumphosphate composites Composite material ; Mineral ; Crystal (programming language) ; Materials science ; Chemistry ; Metallurgy ; Computer science Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition
Authors: Chen Qian | Ben Niu | Rod Brian Jimenez | Jihong Wang | Methal Albarghouthi | Xiaoyu Chen
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2020-01-11)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Fully Automated Peptide Mapping Protocol for Multi-Attribute Method by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectroscopy with a High-Throughput Robotic Liquid Handling System ABSTRACT The multi-attribute method (MAM) based on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectroscopy is emerging as a powerful tool to directly monitor multiple product quality attributes simultaneously. Preparation of samples for MAM, however, is labor intensive, involving protein denaturation, disulfide bond reduction, free cysteine alkylation, and enzymatic digestion steps, which require significant analyst hands-on time while limiting result turnaround. Such complexity can also render nontrivial variations across analysts and laboratories. We describe the development of a fully automated peptide mapping procedure with a high-throughput robotic liquid handling system to improve sample handling capability and outcome reproducibility while saving analyst hands-on time. The automated procedure is completely hands-free, and setup requires the analyst only to prenormalize the sample concentrations and load buffers and reagents at their designated positions on the robotic deck. The robotic liquid handler performs all the subsequent preparation steps and stores the digested samples on a chiller unit to await retrieval. The convenience and flexibility provided by this automated peptide mapping method provides substantial benefits over manual sample preparation protocols. The optimized, automated procedure showed good reproducibility and results that were comparable to those of the manual procedure with respect to sequence coverage, digestion completeness, and quantification of posttranslational modifications. With this increased throughput, coupled with fast MAM analysis, more comprehensive characterization can be achieved. Throughput ; Computer science ; Turnaround time ; Protocol (science) ; Automation ; Sample (material) ; Sample preparation ; Chromatography ; Tandem mass spectrometry ; Flexibility (engineering) ; Reproducibility ; Chemistry ; Mass spectrometry ; Engineering ; Mathematics ; Operating system Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Protein purification and stability
Authors: Monir Morshed | Aman Haque | Haroldo T. Hattori
Source: Materials Research Express (article, 2020-09-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

The effect of the substrate on the damage threshold of gold nano-antennas by a femtosecond laser Abstract Gold nano-antennas with silica substrate may not be suitable for high power applications such as heat resisted magnetic recording, solar thermophotovoltaics, and nano-scale heat transfer systems. When a laser beam reaches to these nano-antennas, part of the light is absorbed by the metallic regions, leading to a temperature rise of the device. If these devices reach a temperature beyond its Tamman temperature (the temperature at which sintering of atoms or molecules start to occur), the antenna can be damaged. One strategy to allow the antenna to work at higher fluences (energy density) is to employ substrates that can quickly carry the heat away from the antennas. In this paper, we show that high thermal conductivity substrates, such as diamond, can allow the antenna to withstand 20 times higher fluence than a low thermal conductivity silica substrate. Materials science ; Optoelectronics ; Substrate (aquarium) ; Thermal conductivity ; Femtosecond ; Antenna (radio) ; Laser ; Fluence ; Diamond ; Nano- ; Optics ; Composite material ; Electrical engineering Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research ; Nanowire Synthesis and Applications
Authors: V. Krishna kumar | N. Gokarneshan
Source:  (review, 2020-12-31)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Textile Scaffolds: A Review of Some Significant Breakthroughs in Tissue Engineering The article reviews some significant attempts in textile scaffolds related to developments in tissue engineering. The benefits offered by micro fibrous scaffold architectures fabricated by textile manufacturing techniques have been explored. Established and novel fiber-processing techniques can be exploited in order to generate templates matching the demands of the target cell niche. The problems related to the development of biomaterial fibers (especially from nature-derived materials) ready for textile manufacturing are addressed. Attention is also paid on how biological cues may be incorporated into microfibrous scaffold architectures by hybrid manufacturing approaches (e.g. nanofiber or hydrogel functionalization). Textile technologies have recently attracted great attention as potential biofabrication tools for engineering tissue constructs. Using current textile technologies, fibrous structures can be designed and engineered to attain the required properties that are demanded by different tissue engineering applications. Tissue engineering often uses synthetic scaffolds to direct cell responses during engineered tissue development. Since cells reside within specific niches of the extracellular matrix, it is important to understand how the matrix guides cell response and then incorporate this knowledge into scaffold design. The goal of this review is to review elements of cell–matrix interactions that are critical to informing and evaluating cellular response on synthetic scaffolds. Therefore, this review examines fibrous proteins of the extracellular matrix and their effects on cell behavior, followed by a discussion of the cellular responses elicited by fiber diameter, alignment, and scaffold porosity of two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) synthetic scaffolds. Scaffold ; Biofabrication ; Tissue engineering ; Extracellular matrix ; Nanotechnology ; Textile ; Biomaterial ; Biomimetics ; Materials science ; Computer science ; Biochemical engineering ; Biomedical engineering ; Engineering ; Cell biology ; Biology Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications ; Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine ; Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications
Authors: Zeqiang Mo | Jin Yu | Jinduo Wang | Jianguo He | Shoujun Dai | Yang Liu
Source: Journal of Spectroscopy (article, 2020-04-14)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Differential Measurement for Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy with Dynamic Allan Variance The method of dynamic Allan variance (DAVAR) is used to analyze the time-varying characteristics of a nonstationary signal and is thus incorporated to evaluate the random error in the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) experiments. With the numerical simulation of the influence of instabilities of sudden, slow, or periodic changes on the measurement accuracy in the ring-down process, DAVAR is proved to be an effective way to evaluate random error characteristics in an interfering environment. In order to minimize influences of time-varying noises in CRDS, a practical differential measurement method is proposed, in which wavelength modulation is applied to detect the ring-down times at the absorption peak and the nonabsorption peak in a time-division manner. The validity of the differential measurement is proved with its ability to compensate the influence of the environment changes and improves the accuracy from 0.181 ppm to 0.00914 ppm. The differential measurement method can be used to correct the time-varying error in real time and is helpful to improve the environmental adaptability of the CRDS instrument. Allan variance ; Cavity ring-down spectroscopy ; SIGNAL (programming language) ; Variance (accounting) ; Modulation (music) ; Wavelength ; Observational error ; Ring (chemistry) ; Adaptability ; Differential (mechanical device) ; Process (computing) ; Algorithm ; Mathematics ; Optics ; Computer science ; Absorption spectroscopy ; Physics ; Statistics ; Acoustics ; Standard deviation ; Chemistry Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Atmospheric Ozone and Climate ; Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
Authors: R. Ananthanarayanan | M. Sivaramakrishna | B.S. Panigrahi
Source: Canadian Journal of Chemistry (article, 2020-06-15)
Field: Chemistry — Electrochemistry

Trace determination of gadolinium by conductivity-based approach A conductivity-based technique is developed for the determination of Gd 3+ in the heavy water moderators of pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs). The method involves monitoring extremely small shifts in conductivity, in the order of few nS/cm, due to the continuous addition of a suitable complexing agent to Gd 3+ in aqueous medium. The resulting plot gives two distinct regions with vastly differing slopes. Two multidentate ligands, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaaceticacid (DTPA), as complexing agents are compared. A high performing conductivity detector based on a new class of sensors called pulsating sensors that works entirely in the digital domain is deployed to monitor the conductivity shifts. Titration plots are studied in both H 2 O and D 2 O, and the observed difference between the plots in the two matrices is discussed in detail. Boron did not interfere in the analysis. The method was validated using the UV–vis spectrophotometric technique. The method is sensitive and rapid, as each analysis takes 3 min. The limit of detection in H 2 O and D 2 O are 1.27×10 −7 mol/L and 5.1×10 −7 mol/L, respectively. The precision in analysis lies between 1.9% and 5.3%. This method has important application in the nuclear industry for the routine analysis of gadolinium. Chemistry ; Conductivity ; Gadolinium ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ; Detection limit ; Titration ; Aqueous solution ; Thermal conductivity detector ; Chelation ; Inorganic chemistry ; Chromatography ; Physical chemistry Electrochemical Analysis and Applications ; Analytical Chemistry and Sensors ; Analytical chemistry methods development
Authors: Lorenzo Casimiro | Stéphane Maisonneuve | Pascal Retailleau | Serena Silvi | Juan Xie | Rémi Métivier
Source: Chemistry - A European Journal (article, 2020-10-15)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Photophysical Properties of 4‐Dicyanomethylene‐2‐methyl‐6‐(<i>p</i>‐dimethylamino‐styryl)‐4<i>H</i>‐pyran Revisited: Fluorescence versus Photoisomerization Abstract Invited for the cover of this issue are Juan Xie, Rémi Métivier and co‐workers at Université Paris‐Saclay and Università di Bologna. The image depicts the fluorescence of the DCM molecule reported in this manuscript. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202002828 . Photoisomerization ; Fluorescence ; Pyran ; Photochemistry ; Cover (algebra) ; Chemistry ; Molecule ; Excimer ; Physics ; Stereochemistry ; Optics ; Isomerization ; Organic chemistry ; Catalysis ; Engineering Oxidative Organic Chemistry Reactions ; Synthesis of Organic Compounds ; Radical Photochemical Reactions
Authors: Mao-Sen Qin | Dongdong Ding | Siheng Li | Xiangyan Han | Ruirui Niu | Dali Yin | Zhuangzhuang Qu | Kenji Watanabe | Takashi Taniguchi | Zhi‐Min Liao | Yuan Huang | Junren Shi | Ji Chen | Zizhao Gan | Jianming Lü
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2020-11-10)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Probing the nature of an emergent insulator in ionic gated monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides Monolayer ; Ionic bonding ; Transition metal ; Materials science ; Condensed matter physics ; Chemical physics ; Nanotechnology ; Metal–insulator transition ; Insulator (electricity) ; Metal ; Engineering physics ; Chemistry ; Physics ; Ion ; Optoelectronics ; Metallurgy ; Catalysis 2D Materials and Applications ; Graphene research and applications ; Advanced Memory and Neural Computing
Authors: Shubham Gupta | Justin Sing | Arshia Mahmoodi | Hannes Röst
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2020-01-17)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

DrawAlignR: An interactive tool for across run chromatogram alignment visualization Abstract Multi-run alignment is widely used in proteomics to establish analyte correspondence across runs. Generally alignment algorithms return a cumulative score, which may not be easily interpretable for each peptide. Here we present a novel tool, DrawAlignR, to visualize each chromatographic alignment for DIA/SWATH data. Furthermore, we have developed a novel C++ based implementation of raw chromatogram alignment which is 35 times faster than the previously published algorithm. This not only enables users to plot alignment interactively by DrawAlignR, but also allows other software platforms to use the algorithm. DrawAlignR is an open-source web application using R Shiny that can be hosted using the source-code available at https://github.com/Roestlab/DrawAlignR . Computer science ; Software ; Visualization ; Source code ; Plot (graphics) ; Open source ; Analyte ; Code (set theory) ; Data mining ; Open source software ; Chromatography ; Programming language ; Chemistry ; Mathematics Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
Authors: Jianwei Sun | Ruiqi Zhang | Christopher Lane | Bahadur Singh | Johannes Nokelainen | B. Barbiellini | R. S. Markiewicz | Arun Bansil
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2020-10-07)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

f-Electron and Magnetic Ordering Effects in Nickelates LaNiO2 and NdNiO2: Remarkable Role of The Cuprate-Like 3dx2-y2 Band Cuprate ; Condensed matter physics ; Superconductivity ; Physics ; Ground state ; Electronic band structure ; Electronic structure ; Coupling (piping) ; Hubbard model ; Electron ; Materials science ; Atomic physics ; Quantum mechanics Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials ; Rare-earth and actinide compounds ; Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism
Authors: Kateřina Rubešová | Michal Peković | Hana Jirková | Martin Bystrianský
Source: IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering (article, 2020-02-25)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Effects of Deformation on the Behaviour of Chromium Carbides in Tool Steel Studied by Use of Semi-Solid Forming Convetional technology is mainly used for processing parts where high hardness, although conventional treatment of tool steels is ordinarily used in industrial practice, engineers continue to seek new procedures to rid tool steels of objectionable primary sharp-edged chromium carbides, which impair toughness. Fortunately, research into metal forming yielded new methods of modifying the microstructure of hypereutectoid steels. Using these methods, mechanical properties can be improved by virtue of eliminating objectionable sharp-edged carbides. These carbides resist dissolution and their size and shape make them undesirable microstructural constituents. Although they do improve wear resistance of the matrix, they also impair toughness and may act as stress concentrators. The microstructures produced by a sequence involving semi-solid processing and subsequent forming operations were different from conventional semi-solid-processed microstructures. In the former microstructures, the prior carbide network was broken up, dispersed, and became a strengthening constituent. Brittleness which plagues materials with prominent carbide networks was thus removed. The experimental material used in this study was X210Cr12 tool steel. Two semi-solid processing temperatures were used: 1240C and 1260C. There were two holding times: 30 minutes and 60 minutes. Another variable was the number of reductions. The resulting microstructures were examined with respect to individual sequences and reductions applied. Detailed microstructure analysis was carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Chemical compositions of carbides were determined by means of EDS (Energy Dispersive Xray Spectroscopy). Microhardness was measured in order to gather comprehensive materials data. The purpose of the study was to identify trends, if any, in microstructural property evolution in response to the above-described processing sequence. Carbide ; Microstructure ; Materials science ; Metallurgy ; Toughness ; Brittleness ; Dissolution ; Chromium ; Chromium carbide ; Engineering Metal Alloys Wear and Properties ; Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties ; Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels
Authors: Wei Xiong | Wang Gong | Chang Liu | Yong Ma
Source: Engineering and Applied Sciences (article, 2020-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Application of Prefabricated Curtain Wall Sectors in Special-shaped Stadium Projects Due to complex shape and irregularity, projects of special-shaped buildings and venues are always limited by low construction efficiency and uncontrollable quality. The main form of the Application of Curtain Wall Prefabrication Scheme in Phoenix Mountain Sports Center is perforated aluminum panel curtain wall, which connects the stadium and gym through gradually varied curves, and creates the varied facade texture through metal panels of two colors (dark and light). The facade of the perforated aluminum panel curtain wall is streamlined, the overall shape is complex, with gradually varied and irregular shapes in horizontal and vertical directions, the aluminum panels are arranged in staggered seams, and the theoretical positions of the four corners are not coplanar. The number of aluminum panels is about 6000, and the number of assembled aluminum panels with different size is about 60,000. Conventional construction measures cannot meet the requirements of construction period and benefit. This paper aims to explore the application of prefabrication schemes in special-shaped curtain walls and provide relevant experience for other similar projects by studying the process of implementing the curtain wall prefabrication scheme in Phoenix Mountain Sports Center. A series of practices have proven that a large stadium can be constructed according to the integral hoisting scheme of sectors. Studies on how to design overall hoisting system for steel joist of large volume unit, how to install the steel joist of large volume unit, how to install non-coplanar special-shaped curtain wall and how to implement integral hoisting of metal roofing purlin may help to solve difficulties such as difficult construction, high cost and uncontrollable quality of large volume non-coplanar special-shaped curtain wall. Especially, studies on prefabrication construction techniques may help to simplify complex traditional bulk construction procedures, save time, improve work efficiency and reduce construction costs. Curtain wall ; Facade ; Prefabrication ; Engineering ; Structural engineering ; Stadium ; Joist Textile materials and evaluations