jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Wenqi Ge | Chenchen Zhang | Yi Xie | Ming L. Yu | Youhua Wang
Source: Energies (article, 2021-12-08)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Analysis of the Electromechanical Characteristics of Power Transformer under Different Residual Fluxes When the electromagnetic transients occur in a power transformer, an inrush current is generated in its winding. The inrush current not only affects the performance of the transformer windings, but also affects the lifetime of the transformer. Many factors affect the inrush current, the most influential ones among which are the closing phase angle and the residual flux. In this paper, a dry-type transformer simulation model is built to analyze the influence of the inrush current on the performance of transformer windings during no-load reclosing conditions. Firstly, the inrush current was generated in the transformer windings during the no-load reclosing operation under different residual fluxes. Secondly, the field-circuit coupling 3d finite element method is used to analyze the electromagnetic force at different locations of the transformer windings under the influence of different inrush currents. The results of winding structural parameter variations are obtained through electromagnetic-structural coupling simulation, and the electromagnetic forces are used as the input parameter for the structural analysis. Finally, the residual flux is generated by controlling the opening and closing angle of the transformer through the phase-controlled switch, and the winding electromechanical characteristics are tested under different residual fluxes. Finally, comparisons of the test and simulation results are drawn to verify the impact of the closing angle and residual flux on inrush current and the winding deformation during the no-load reclosing conditions. Inrush current ; Transformer ; Electromagnetic coil ; Delta-wye transformer ; Isolation transformer ; Engineering ; Residual ; Current transformer ; Energy efficient transformer ; Distribution transformer ; Transformer effect ; Electrical engineering ; Control theory (sociology) ; Voltage ; Computer science Magnetic Properties and Applications ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation ; Non-Destructive Testing Techniques
Authors: Shahram Dehdashti | Alireza Shahsafi | Bin Zheng | Lian Shen | Zuojia Wang | Rongrong Zhu | Huanyang Chen | Hongsheng Chen
Source: Physical Review Research (article, 2021-09-27)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Conformal hyperbolic optics Hyperbolic metamaterials have attracted considerable interest in the research community for their peculiar ability to enhance control of electromagnetic waves' propagation. Although conformal transformation optics provides a unique platform for metamaterials design, this method has not been used for hyperbolic metamaterials yet. This comes from the lack of a well-defined mathematical structure. We extend conformal transformation optics to hyperbolic metamaterials, by applying Clifford algebra to analyze light propagation. We will show that the effective line element of a trajectory of light propagation conforms to ultrahyperbolic---not Euclidean---geometry. We also, by using conformal hyperbolic mapping, obtain all conformal spaces with Minkowski space-time. Finally, we employ this theory to study the electric-field pattern of dipoles. Metamaterial ; Conformal map ; Minkowski space ; Transformation optics ; Physics ; Hyperbolic space ; Transformation (genetics) ; Primary field ; Euclidean geometry ; Hyperbolic geometry ; Topology (electrical circuits) ; Optics ; Mathematics ; Conformal field theory ; Mathematical analysis ; Geometry ; Differential geometry Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
Authors: Yu Yan | Yuhui Zhou | Ke Wang | Yan Qiao | Lingyu Zhao | Mingwei Chen
Source: Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene Expression (review, 2021-11-23)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1), A Candidate Diagnostic Serum Biomarker for Breast Cancer Identified by Serum Proteomics Study Purpose - The present study aimed to identify differently expressed peptides involved in BC as potential biomarkers. Experimental Design - The serum proteomic profiling of 128 serum samples from 64 BC patients and 64 healthy controls (HC), using magnetic beads based immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (MB-IMAC-Cu) separation followed by MALDI-TOF MS. ClinProTools software identified a number of distinct markers. Then, we performed liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) to identify the candidate serum biomarker based on serum proteomics analysis. Finally, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to verify the expression of the candidate serum biomarker in BC patients. Results - BC patients could be identified with sensitivity of 87.32% and specificity of 89.46%. Of 41 m/z peaks that differed between BC and HC, six peaks were significantly different between BC and HC (P < 0.01, fold change > 1.5), with peak 1 upregulated and peaks 2-6 downregulated in the BC group. The upregulated peak 1 (m/z: 6638.63) is identified as a region of apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1), and validation showed that APOC1 expression increased from healthy controls to those with FA as well as mastopathy, and finally BC patients. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance - The present study indicates that APOC1 could serve as a candidate serum diagnostic biomarker for BC. Biomarker ; Proteomics ; Chemistry ; Apolipoprotein B ; Breast cancer ; Tandem mass spectrometry ; Biomarker discovery ; Electrospray ionization ; Mass spectrometry ; Chromatography ; Molecular biology ; Cancer ; Internal medicine ; Medicine ; Biochemistry ; Biology ; Cholesterol Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism ; Clusterin in disease pathology
Authors: Andreas Dietl | Thomas R. M. Barends
Source: Proteins Structure Function and Bioinformatics (article, 2021-07-26)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Dynamics in an unusual acyl carrier protein from a ladderane lipid‐synthesizing organism Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria express a distinct acyl carrier protein implicated in the biosynthesis of the highly unusual "ladderane" lipids these organisms produce. This "anammox-specific" ACP, or amxACP, shows several unique features such as a conserved FF motif and an unusual sequence in the functionally important helix III. Investigation of the protein's structure and dynamics, both in the crystal by ensemble refinement and by MD simulations, reveals that helix III adopts a rare six-residue-long 3<sub>10</sub> -helical conformation that confers a large degree of conformational and positional variability on this part of the protein. This way of introducing structural flexibility by using the inherent properties of 3<sub>10</sub> -helices appears unique among ACPs. Moreover, the structure suggests a role for the FF motif in shielding the thioester linkage between the protein's prosthetic group and its acyl cargo from hydrolysis. Acyl carrier protein ; Biochemistry ; Protein structure ; Chemistry ; Anammox ; Residue (chemistry) ; Molecular dynamics ; Stereochemistry ; Crystallography ; Biophysics ; Biology ; Biosynthesis ; Enzyme ; Computational chemistry ; Organic chemistry Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Polyamine Metabolism and Applications ; Enzyme Structure and Function
Authors: Sensong An | Bowen Zheng | Hong Tang | Mikhail Y. Shalaginov | L. P. Zhou | Hang Li | Myungkoo Kang | Kathleen Richardson | Tian Gu | Juejun Hu | Clayton Fowler | Hualiang Zhang
Source: Advanced Optical Materials (article, 2021-03-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Multifunctional Metasurface Design with a Generative Adversarial Network (Advanced Optical Materials 5/2021) This cover picture illustrates the deep-learning approach for designing multifunctional all-dielectric meta-devices as proposed by Clayton Fowler, Hualiang Zhang, and co-workers in article number 2001433. With the help of a fully-trained Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), various meta-atom designs can be generated based on different design goals, which can be used to achieve multifunctional meta-optics devices/systems (e.g. frequency multiplexed metalens as shown in the cover image). Several metasurface devices including multifunctional beam deflectors and lenses are designed and verified to showcase the efficacy of the proposed deep-learning framework. This approach offers new opportunities to design and advance meta-optic devices with enhanced time efficiency and performance. Computer science ; Deep learning ; Cover (algebra) ; Materials science ; Generative adversarial network ; Adversarial system ; Generative grammar ; Multiplexing ; Nanotechnology ; Electronic engineering ; Artificial intelligence ; Telecommunications ; Mechanical engineering ; Engineering Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications
Authors: Jinyi Wang | Sen Yang
Source: Metals (article, 2021-06-03)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Superior Degradation Performance of Nanoporous Copper Catalysts on Methyl Orange The development of low-cost and high-efficiency catalysts for wastewater treatment is of great significance. Herein, nanoporous Cu/Cu2O catalysts were synthesized from MnCu, MnCuNi, and MnCuAl with similar ligament size through one-step dealloying. Meanwhile, the comparisons of three catalysts in performing methyl orange degradation were investigated. One of the catalysts possessed a degradation efficiency as high as 7.67 mg·g−1·min−1. With good linear fitting by the pseudo-first-order model, the reaction rate constant was evaluated. In order to better understand the degradation process, the adsorption behavior was considered, and it was divided into three stages based on the intra-particle diffusion model. Three different temperatures were applied to explore the activation energy of the degradation. As a photocatalytic agent, the nanoporous structure of Cu/Cu2O possessed a large surface area and it also had low activation energy, which were beneficial to the excellent degradation performance. Nanoporous ; Methyl orange ; Catalysis ; Degradation (telecommunications) ; Materials science ; Adsorption ; Chemical engineering ; Reaction rate constant ; Activation energy ; Copper ; Diffusion ; Photocatalysis ; Chemistry ; Nanotechnology ; Kinetics ; Metallurgy ; Organic chemistry ; Computer science Nanoporous metals and alloys ; Nanomaterials for catalytic reactions ; Copper-based nanomaterials and applications
Authors: Moorthy Maruthapandi | Arumugam Saravanan | John H. T. Luong | Aharon Gedanken
Source: Journal of Applied Polymer Science (article, 2021-10-26)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Polydopamine decorated carbon dots nanocomposite as an effective adsorbent for phenolic compounds Abstract Carbon dots (CDs) with an average diameter of 2.3 ± 0.5 nm were prepared from red cabbage by a facile one‐step hydrothermal process. The CDs and polydopamine (PDA) were then subjected to ultrasonication to form a polymer composite namely, PDA‐doped CDs (PDA@CDs). The PDA@CDs with an average size of 5 μm was proven as effective adsorbents for p ‐chlorophenol ( p ‐CP) and p ‐cyanophenol ( p ‐CNP) as two probing models. The adsorption capacity of PDA@CDs was estimated to be 153 mg/g for p ‐CP and 178 mg/g for p ‐CNP, compared favorably with those of various adsorbents used in the literature, only 24–123 mg/g. The PDA@CDs significantly improved the adsorption rate of the two phenols at neutral pH and room temperature. The adsorption kinetics was governed by the pseudo second‐order and intraparticle diffusion models. The PDA@CDs were reused as an active adsorbent material for the adsorption of phenolic compounds with high adsorption capacities in wastewater. Adsorption ; Nanocomposite ; Materials science ; Diffusion ; Kinetics ; Carbon fibers ; Sonication ; Chemical engineering ; Phenols ; Hydrothermal circulation ; Polymer ; Nuclear chemistry ; Composite number ; Chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Nanotechnology ; Chromatography ; Composite material Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications ; Nanocluster Synthesis and Applications ; Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties
Authors: J. M. S. Goh | F. Wang | Swee Pin Yeap
Source: International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology (article, 2021-11-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Surface modification of recycled fabric materials with conductive polyaniline and its role in organic matter adsorption Polyaniline ; Adsorption ; Materials science ; Chemical engineering ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; Conductive polymer ; Coating ; Scanning electron microscope ; Composite material ; Nuclear chemistry ; Polymer ; Chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Polymerization Conducting polymers and applications ; Microplastics and Plastic Pollution ; Recycling and Waste Management Techniques
Authors: Tal Zaharoni | Dan Yunger | Neeraj Mishra | I. Gavish Segev | Arik Kraisel | Eyal Yahel | Guy Makov
Source: Journal of Nuclear Materials (article, 2021-05-11)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

MeV proton irradiation damage in Ta: Measurements, characterization and comparison to W Irradiation ; Proton ; Characterization (materials science) ; Radiochemistry ; Materials science ; Nuclear physics ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Chemistry ; Physics ; Nanotechnology ; Chromatography Fusion materials and technologies ; Nuclear Materials and Properties ; Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
Authors: Jinyu Wang | Enzo Mangano | Stefano Brandani | Federico Brandani | Pluton Pullumbi
Source: Separation and Purification Technology (article, 2021-11-30)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

A novel adsorption differential volumetric apparatus to measure mass transfer in nanoporous materials Diffusion ; Isothermal process ; Mass transfer ; Adsorption ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Nanoporous ; Microporous material ; Chemistry ; Argon ; Materials science ; Pellets ; Pellet ; Thermodynamics ; Chromatography ; Physical chemistry ; Nanotechnology ; Composite material ; Organic chemistry Zeolite Catalysis and Synthesis ; Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies ; Catalytic Processes in Materials Science
Authors: Motomu Sakai | Yukichi Sasaki | Takuya Kaneko | Masahiko Matsukata
Source: Membranes (article, 2021-05-27)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Contribution of Pore-Connectivity to Permeation Performance of Silicalite-1 Membrane; Part II, Diffusivity of C6 Hydrocarbon in Micropore This study investigated the permeation behaviors of <i>n</i>-hexane and 2-methylpentane through two-types of silicalite-1 membranes that have different pore-connectivity. The permeation mechanisms of these hydrocarbons were able to be explained by the adsorption-diffusion model. In addition, the fluxes through silicalite-1 membranes could be expressed by the modified Fick's first law. The hydrocarbon fluxes through S-1<sub>S</sub> with better pore-connectivity were ca. 3-20 times larger than those through S-1<sub>M</sub> with poor pore-connectivity. For these membranes with different pore-connectivity, the activation energy of diffusion of <i>n</i>-hexane was 17.5 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> for the membrane with better pore-connectivity and 18.0 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> for the membrane with poorer pore-connectivity, whereas for 2-methylpentane it was 17.9 and 33.0 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. We concluded that the pore-connectivity in silicalite-1 membrane significantly influences the molecular diffusivities. Permeation ; Membrane ; Hydrocarbon ; Microporous material ; Thermal diffusivity ; Chemistry ; Diffusion ; Chemical engineering ; Adsorption ; Thermodynamics ; Physical chemistry ; Organic chemistry Zeolite Catalysis and Synthesis ; Membrane Separation and Gas Transport ; Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Yuxiang Jing | Yunping Xi
Source: Construction and Building Materials (article, 2021-04-29)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Modeling long-term distribution of fast and thermal neutron fluence in degraded concrete biological shielding walls Neutron flux ; Neutron temperature ; Neutron ; Materials science ; Neutron transport ; Fluence ; Neutron cross section ; Electromagnetic shielding ; Nuclear engineering ; Nuclear physics ; Physics ; Irradiation ; Composite material Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies ; Nuclear materials and radiation effects ; Rock Mechanics and Modeling
Authors: Naser Al Amery | Hussein Rasool Abid | Shaobin Wang | Shaomin Liu
Source: Journal of Applied Materials and Technology (article, 2021-07-08)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Lifting removal of cationic dye (methylene blue) from wastewater by improving Zr-MOFs via second metal Al coordination Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are frequently used as adsorbents in adsorption processes to remove dyes from effluent produced by the textile industry. Today, dye contaminants have become an important environmental problem. One of these dyes is methylene blue (MB) and its removal from wastewater is a priority because it is persistent and nondegradable. MB is used in many industries although it has potential harmful effects on human and aquatic life and can be considered a hazardous chemical when in wastewater. The present study shows the potential applications for enhanced forms of UiO-66 MOFs, such as UiO-66, UiO-66-10%Al and UiO-66-30%Al. These forms were prepared to remove MB from wastewater using batch experiments. Characterisation of adsorbents were accomplished successfully using Fourier transform infrared, X-ray powder diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area and thermogravimetric analysis techniques. To investigate equilibrium adsorptive behaviour, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were tested against the experimental data. Based on linear regression correlation coefficient (R2), the Freundlich model described the equilibrium isotherm of MOF/MB better than the Langmuir model. Of all forms of UiO-66 MOF, UiO-66-10%Al had the maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity at 49.26 mg/g. A kinetics study examined pseudo first-order, pseudo second order and Elovich models to determine which could explain the sorption mechanism. While the pseudo second order and Elovich models showed a good fit with the experimental data, the correlation coefficient of the pseudo second-order model was the highest. These results indicate that adsorption of MB is controlled by a chemisorption mechanism. Further, intraparticle diffusion was utilised to describe the adsorption mechanism and determine the rate-limiting steps in the adsorption process. Freundlich equation ; Adsorption ; Langmuir ; Sorption ; Wastewater ; Langmuir adsorption model ; Cationic polymerization ; Thermogravimetric analysis ; Chemistry ; Methylene blue ; Metal-organic framework ; Chemical engineering ; Materials science ; Inorganic chemistry ; Environmental engineering ; Organic chemistry ; Environmental science Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications ; Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal ; X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Authors: Hanna Vasylyeva | Ivan Mironyuk | Igor Mykytyn | N. V. Strilchuk | I. A. Maliuk | V.V. Tryshyn | Kh. O. Savka
Source: Physics and Chemistry of Solid State (article, 2021-08-31)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Application of Titanium Dioxide for Zirconium Ions Adsorption and Separation from a Multicomponent Mixture This work studies the adsorption of zirconium ions by mesoporous titanium dioxide and by sodium-modified mesoporous titanium dioxide. Experimental maximal adsorption values of zirconium ions by H-TiO2 and Na-TiO2 were found to be 64 mg/g and 109,5 mg/g respectively. This process depends on the interaction time, equilibrium concentration of zirconium ions and acidity of the solution. Adsorption kinetics fit well into the diffusion kinetic model and indicate a several stages of zirconium ions adsorption. Equilibrium adsorption of zirconium ions is well described by the Langmuir's adsorption theory for both adsorbents. The results obtained by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry showed that the investigated adsorbent selectively adsorb zirconium ions from the mixture with strontium and yttrium ions in the range of solution pH = 0-1. The percentage of maximum extraction of zirconium ions is 86,61% for H-TiO2 and 94,11% for Na-TiO2. This fact is extremely valuable for nuclear forensics or for the determination of 90Sr in low activity background samples. Zirconium ; Adsorption ; Inorganic chemistry ; Titanium ; Yttrium ; Chemistry ; Titanium dioxide ; Mesoporous material ; Langmuir ; Langmuir adsorption model ; Ion exchange ; Ion ; Materials science ; Physical chemistry ; Catalysis ; Organic chemistry ; Metallurgy Radioactive element chemistry and processing ; Chemical Synthesis and Characterization ; Radioactive contamination and transfer
Authors: Takashi Ito | Daniel A. Higgins
Source: The Chemical Record (review, 2021-02-03)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Fluorescence Microscopic Investigations of Molecular Dynamics in Self‐Assembled Nanostructures Many analytical methods employ self-assembled nanostructured materials as chemical recognition media. Molecular permeation through these materials exhibits unique selectivity owing to nanoconfinement-induced enhancement of permeant-nanostructure interactions. This Personal Account introduces our efforts to investigate the detailed dynamics of single or a small number of molecules in nanostructured materials. We developed new experimental and analysis approaches built upon laser-based fluorescence microscopy to measure the detailed translational and orientational dynamics of molecules diffusing in horizontally-oriented, cylindrical nanostructures, including surfactant micelles, silica mesopores, block copolymer microdomains, and bolaamphiphile-based organic nanotubes. Our studies clarified nanoscale details on the structural/chemical heterogeneity of the nanostructures, and their impacts on molecular mass transport dynamics. Nanostructure ; Nanotechnology ; Micelle ; Nanoscopic scale ; Fluorescence ; Molecular dynamics ; Self-assembly ; Materials science ; Biomolecule ; Molecule ; Chemistry ; Chemical physics ; Computational chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Physics Block Copolymer Self-Assembly ; Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization ; Surfactants and Colloidal Systems