jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Fevzi Aytemiz | Haydar Yüksek
Source: Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi (article, 2025-09-30)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Design, Synthesis and In Vitro Biological Assessment Of Novel 2-[(3-Alkyl/Aryl-4,5-Dihydro-1h-1,2,4-Triazol-5-One-4-Yl)Azomethine]Phenyl 2,5-Dichlorobenzenesulfonates Molecules as Antioxidant and Antibacterial Agents In this study, a total of nine new 2-[(3-alkyl/aryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one-4-yl)azomethine]phenyl 2,5-dichlorobenzenesulfonates (4a-i) were synthesized through the reactions of 2-formylphenyl 2,5-dichlorobenzenesulfonate (3) with 3-alkyl(aryl)-4-amino-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones (2a-i). The compounds 4a, 4e, 4g and 4h were successfully synthesized with yields exceeding 90%. Compounds 4a-i were elucidated using 1H, 13C NMR and IR spectroscopic methods. The spectroscopic data were compared with the literature, and the results were found to be consistent. The antioxidant effects of compounds 4a–i were investigated using three different methods, and it was found that compounds 4a-i showed metal chelation activity close to that of α-tocopherol, which was used as the standard. Additionally, the antimicrobial properties of the compounds 4a–i were evaluated using the agar well diffusion method against six different bacterial strains. The antimicrobial properties of the new compounds (4a-i) were compared with those of standard antibiotics such as neomycin, streptomycin, and ampicillin. It was observed that compound 4a exhibited better antimicrobial activity than neomycin and streptomycin, and comparable activity to ampicillin. Antimicrobial ; Antioxidant ; Neomycin ; Chelation ; In vitro ; Molecule ; Antibiotics ; Biological activity Synthesis and biological activity ; Synthesis and Characterization of Heterocyclic Compounds ; Click Chemistry and Applications
Authors: Ying Zhai | Yue Chen | Ang Gao | Yichen Dou | Yang Gao | Heran Xie
Source: Frontiers in Nutrition (article, 2025-09-03)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Glucosamine-magnesium composite as functional carriers: structural characteristic, controlled Mg2+ release and emulsion stability This study aimed to develop a glucosamine-magnesium composite (GlcN-Mg) as a novel Pickering emulsion stabilizer for the preparation of GlcN-Mg stabilized Pickering emulsion (GlcN-Mg PE) and systematically characterize its structural properties and emulsification performance. Structural analysis revealed that Mg<sup>2+</sup> coordination reduced GlcN⋅HCl particle size from 1,117 ± 222.58 to 393.8 ± 45.42 nm, expanded its crystal lattice, and created a porous structure with a 22.9 ± 1.80 nm pore size. <i>In vitro</i> studies have shown that GlcN-Mg exhibits exceptional stability in food matrices and controlled Mg<sup>2+</sup> release during gastrointestinal digestion. Then GlcN-Mg composite was employed to prepare water-in-oil (W/O) GlcN-Mg PE under different homogenization speeds (5,000-25,000 rpm), GlcN-Mg concentrations (0.3%-1.3%), and oil-to-water ratios (3:7-8:2). Rheological analysis indicated that GlcN-Mg PE exhibited a distinct threshold effect under varying conditions, while environmental factors significantly influenced emulsion stability. Furthermore, during <i>in vitro</i> gastrointestinal digestion, GlcN-Mg PE exhibited controlled-release ability, with the Mg<sup>2+</sup> release rate reaching 80.42 ± 1.94% during intestinal digestion. Its stability across a wide range of conditions highlights its potential applications in complex emulsion systems. Emulsion ; Composite number ; Glucosamine ; Magnesium ; Photographic emulsion ; Chitosan ; Chemistry ; Chemical engineering ; Materials science ; Composite material ; Biochemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Engineering Pickering emulsions and particle stabilization ; Proteins in Food Systems ; Microencapsulation and Drying Processes
Authors: Laxmi Narwal | JB Dahiya
Source: Asian Journal of Chemistry (article, 2025-12-31)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Synthesis of Phosphoric Acid Ester-based Flame Retardants and their Application via Sol-Gel Process to Enhance Flame Retardancy of Cotton Fabric In order to enhance the flame retardancy of cotton fabric and expand it use in regions with strict fire safety regulations, the phosphoric acid esters-based organic compounds such as diphosphoric acid ethyleneglycol ester (diPEG), triphosphoric acid glycerol ester (triPGE), and tetraphosphoric acid pentaerythritol ester (tetraPPE) were synthesized and characterized by 1H-NMR, 31P-NMR and HRMS. The cotton fabric was treated with these compounds and aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) a sol-gel precursor by using sol-gel process. FTIR spectrum of treated fabric shows additional peaks at 1240 (P=O), 1044 (Si-O-Si) and 794 cm-1 (Si-O), which shows the presence of flame retardant coating on fabric. Thermogravimetric analysis was employed to conduct the change in path of thermal degradation of treated cotton fabric. The behavior of flame retardancy was assessed through auto flammability and limiting oxygen index examinations. The treated cotton fabric exhibits outstanding flame retardant properties during combustion and are extinguished promptly once the ignition is eliminated. The limiting oxygen index value of the cotton fabric after treatment with tetraPPE/APTES flame retardant reached 38.3%, which is sufficiently above the flame retardant value of about 27%. Morphological structures of fabric were also investigated using FESEM. Limiting oxygen index ; Fire retardant ; Flammability ; Phosphoric acid ; Pentaerythritol ; Thermogravimetric analysis ; Combustion ; Flame spread Flame retardant materials and properties ; Fire dynamics and safety research ; Environmental and Industrial Safety
Authors: В.Г. Усков | А.В. Ожогин
Source: Южно-Сибирский научный вестник (article, 2025-10-31)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

МЕТОД ОЦЕНКИ МЕЖСЛОЕВОЙ АДГЕЗИИ В 3D-ПЕЧАТНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРНЫХ КОМПОЗИЦИЯХ Данная работа посвящена разработке методики испытаний межслоевой адгезии образцов АБС-пластика, напечатанных методом FDM. В качестве показателя для оценки межслоевой адгезии был выбран предел прочности на трехточечный изгиб Оценка чувствительности слоев напечатанных образцов к нагрузкам проводилась по наибольшему отклику прочности отличающихся друг от друга рецептур АБС-пластика. Было предложено несколько моделей с длиной 70 мм и высотой 10 мм, а шириной 10 мм, 20 мм, 30 мм. В результате работы подобрана наиболее подходящая конфигурация образцов для испытаний межслоевой адгезии с наилучшим откликом и меньшим доверительным интервалом. This work is devoted to the development of a test methodology for interlayer adhesion of FDM-printed ABS plastic samples. The three-point bending strength limit was chosen as an indicator of interlayer adhesion. When bending, the layers are simultaneously stretched and compressed, which allows for a more accurate assessment of interlayer adhesion and the identification of its weak points. The essence of the experiment is to select the most suitable sample configuration and assess the sensitivity of the printed sample layers. The assessment was carried out based on the greatest strength response of ABS plastic formulations that differ from each other. Several types of samples with a length of 70 mm, a height of 10 mm and a width of 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm were proposed. During the study, a test method was selected and a sample configuration with the best response and a smaller confidence interval was selected. Bending ; Sensitivity (control systems) ; Sample (material) ; Confidence interval ; Limit (mathematics) ; Adhesion Material Properties and Applications ; Polymer Science and Applications ; Advanced Theoretical and Applied Studies in Material Sciences and Geometry
Authors: Kavya Anguluri | Saman Bagherpour | Ana Cristina Calpena | Lyda Halbaut | Alba Espargaró | Raimon Sabaté | Lluïsa Pérez‐García
Source: International Journal of Molecular Sciences (article, 2025-11-26)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Rose Bengal-Incorporated Supramolecular Gels as a Topical Platform for Localized Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Efficient and localized singlet oxygen (SO) generation is essential for improving antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). In this study, a bis-imidazolium-based amphiphilic gelator is used, which self-assembles into a supramolecular gel in a water-ethanol medium and incorporates Rose Bengal (<b>RB</b>) as a photosensitizer. The gel network provides a confined environment that promotes SO formation under light irradiation. <b>RB</b>@Gel was characterized with respect to its morphology, degradation behavior, and swelling properties. Biopharmaceutical assessment included in vitro release, ex vivo permeation studies and Hen's Egg Test-Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) assay. Rheological measurements confirmed a viscoelastic profile, indicating structural stability and suitability for localized therapeutic applications. SO production within the gel was quantified using tetrasodium 9,10-anthracenediyl-bis(methylene)dimalonate (NaABMA), showing higher efficiency than that of <b>RB</b> in solution. The <b>RB</b>@Gel exhibited significant aPDT against <i>E. coli</i> in a direct-surface contact assay. Overall, the <b>RB</b>@Gel provides a stable, suitable platform capable of efficient SO generation and potent antibacterial activity, highlighting its promise for localized aPDT applications. Photodynamic therapy ; Singlet oxygen ; Antimicrobial ; Rose bengal ; Permeation ; Amphiphile ; Ex vivo ; Supramolecular chemistry Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials ; Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics ; Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications
Authors: Tiptiwa Sampantamit | Apinan Aueaungkul | Pornsiri Toh-ae | Panita Sumanatrakul | Suppachai Sattayanurak | Weerawut Naebpetch
Source: ASEAN Journal of Scientific and Technological Reports (article, 2025-10-20)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Outdoor Walkway Flooring from Natural Rubber and Reclaimed Rubber Blends with Superior Environmental Resistance This study systematically investigated the effects of reclaimed rubber (RR) content on the mechanical properties and accelerated aging resistance of natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates for outdoor walkway flooring applications. Six formulations were prepared with NR/RR ratios ranging from 100/0 to 50/100 parts per hundred rubber (phr), maintaining a total rubber content of 100 phr after accounting for the 48-50% actual rubber content in reclaimed rubber (confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis showing 55% mass loss at 350-400°C). Results demonstrated that increasing RR content from 0 to 100 phr progressively decreased tensile strength and elongation at break, while hardness and 300% modulus exhibited slight increases due to residual cross-links and higher filler concentrations in reclaimed rubber. Notably, accelerated aging tests (ASTM D573: 100°C for 22 hours; ASTM G154: UV-A 0.89 W/m² at 340 nm, 60°C for 8 hours, followed by condensation at 50°C for 4 hours, total 168 hours) revealed substantial improvements in aging resistance with increasing RR content. The percentage decrease in tensile strength after aging diminished progressively as RR content increased. The optimized formulation containing 100 phr reclaimed rubber was selected for commercial production. Despite having a relatively lower tensile strength compared to virgin NR formulations, this composition provided adequate mechanical performance while demonstrating superior resistance to environmental degradation. Compression molding at 170°C for 8 minutes produced 1 m² × 0.06 m rubber tiles with anti-slip lozenge patterns. Implementation at a commercial café yielded positive user feedback and achieved an approximately 30% cost reduction compared to virgin rubber formulations, supporting the sustainable utilization of rubber waste. Natural rubber ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Filler (materials) ; Tear resistance ; Modulus ; Compression molding ; Molding (decorative) Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties ; Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Innovative concrete reinforcement materials
Authors: Kjell Erxleben | Sebastian A. Kaiser | Michael Rhode | Thomas Kannengießer | Arne Kromm
Source: Welding in the World (article, 2025-08-02)
Field: Materials Science — Metals and Alloys

In-service and repair welding of pressurized hydrogen pipelines–a review on current challenges and strategies Abstract Hydrogen is the energy carrier for a sustainable future without fossil fuels. As this requires a reliable transportation infrastructure, the conversion of existing natural gas (NG) grids is an essential part of the worldwide individual national hydrogen strategies, in addition to newly erected pipelines. In view of the known effect of hydrogen embrittlement, the compatibility of the materials already in use (typically low-alloy steels in a wide range of strengths and thicknesses) must be investigated. Initial comprehensive studies on the hydrogen compatibility of pipeline materials indicate that these materials can be used to a certain extent. Nevertheless, the material compatibility for hydrogen service is currently of great importance. However, pipelines require frequent maintenance and repair work. In some cases, it is necessary to carry out welding work on pipelines while they are under pressure, e.g., the well-known tapping of NG grids. This in-service welding brings additional challenges for hydrogen operations in terms of additional hydrogen absorption during welding and material compatibility. The challenge can be roughly divided into two parts: (1) the possible austenitization of the inner piping material exposed to hydrogen, which can lead to additional hydrogen absorption, and (2) the welding itself causes an increased temperature range. Both lead to a significantly increased hydrogen solubility in the respective materials compared to room temperature. In that connection, the knowledge on hot tapping on hydrogen pipelines is rare so far due to the missing service experiences. Fundamental experimental investigations are required to investigate the possible transferability of the state-of-the-art concepts from NG to hydrogen pipeline grids. This is necessary to ensure that no critical material degradation occurs due to the potentially increased hydrogen uptake. For this reason, the paper introduces the state of the art in pipeline hot tapping, encompassing current research projects and their individual solution strategies for the problems that may arise for future hydrogen service. Methods of material testing, their limitations, and possible solutions will be presented and discussed. Welding ; Solid mechanics ; Materials science ; Pipeline transport ; Service (business) ; Current (fluid) ; Forensic engineering ; Construction engineering ; Pipeline (software) ; Business ; Mechanical engineering ; Engineering ; Metallurgy ; Composite material ; Electrical engineering ; Marketing Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals ; Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition ; Material Properties and Failure Mechanisms
Authors: Ravi M. Patel
Source: International Journal on Science and Technology (article, 2025-09-29)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Challenges in Development of Nanoparticle-Based Therapeutics In recent years, nanotechnology has been increasingly applied to the area of drug development. Nanoparticle-based therapeutics can confer the ability to overcome biological barriers, effectively deliver hydrophobic drugs and biologics, and preferentially target sites of disease. However, despite these potential advantages, only a relatively small number of nanoparticle-based medicines have been approved for clinical use, with numerous challenges and hurdles at different stages of development. The complexity of nanoparticles as multi-component three dimensional constructs requires careful design and engineering, detailed orthogonal analysis methods, and reproducible scale-up and manufacturing process to achieve a consistent product with the intended physicochemical characteristics, biological behaviours, and pharmacological profiles. The safety and efficacy of nanomedicines can be influenced by minor variations in multiple parameters and need to be carefully examined in preclinical and clinical studies, particularly in context of the biodistribution, targeting to intended sites, and potential immune toxicities. Overall, nanomedicines may present additional development and regulatory considerations compared with conventional medicines, and while there is generally a lack of regulatory standards in the examination of nanoparticle-based medicines as a unique category of therapeutic agents, efforts are being made in this direction. This review summarizes challenges likely to be encountered during the development and approval of nanoparticle-based therapeutics, and discusses potential strategies for drug developers and regulatory agencies to accelerate the growth of this important field. Context (archaeology) ; Process (computing) ; Drug development ; New product development ; Human use ; Product (mathematics) ; Drug approval Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
Authors: Fabia F. Athena | Cooper A. Voigt | Mengkun Tian | Archana Goswami | Emily Toph | Moses Nnaji | Fanuel Mammo | B. K. Wagner | Sungho Jeon | Wenshan Cai | Eric M. Vogel
Source: Advanced Science (article, 2025-12-05)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A Van der Waals Material Exhibiting Room Temperature Broken Inversion Symmetry with Ferroelectricity Since the initial synthesis of van der Waals 2D indium selenide is first documented in 1957, five distinct polymorphs and their corresponding polytypes are identified. In this study, a unique phase of indium selenide is reported via Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) analysis in the synthesized large-area films - which is named the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics><mml:msup><mml:mi>β</mml:mi> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:msup> <mml:annotation>$\ubeta^{\text{p}}$</mml:annotation></mml:semantics> </mml:math> phase. The quintuple layers of the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics><mml:msup><mml:mi>β</mml:mi> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:msup> <mml:annotation>$\ubeta^{\text{p}}$</mml:annotation></mml:semantics> </mml:math> phase, characterized by a unique zigzag atomic configuration with unequal indium-selenium bond lengths from the middle selenium atom, are distinct from any other previously reported phase of indium selenide. Cross-sectional STEM analysis has revealed that the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics><mml:msup><mml:mi>β</mml:mi> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:msup> <mml:annotation>$\ubeta^{\text{p}}$</mml:annotation></mml:semantics> </mml:math> layers exhibit intralayer shifting. It is found that indium selenide films with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics><mml:msup><mml:mi>β</mml:mi> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:msup> <mml:annotation>$\ubeta^{\text{p}}$</mml:annotation></mml:semantics> </mml:math> layers display electric-field-induced switchable polarization characteristic of ferroelectric materials, suggesting the breaking of the inversion symmetry. Experimental observations of nonlinear optical phenomena - Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) responses further support this conclusion. This study reports a <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics><mml:msup><mml:mi>β</mml:mi> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:msup> <mml:annotation>$\ubeta^{\text{p}}$</mml:annotation></mml:semantics> </mml:math> phase of indium selenide showing ferroelectricity over large areas at room temperature in a low-dimensional limit. Indium ; Selenide ; Ferroelectricity ; van der Waals force ; Point reflection ; Second-harmonic generation ; Transmission electron microscopy 2D Materials and Applications ; Topological Materials and Phenomena ; Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics
Authors: Uwe Rau | A J Hemamalini | Venkatachalam Deepa Parvathi | V Supriya
Source: Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Development of zinc oxide nanoparticle-embedded starch biofilms for food packaging In recent years, there is increased interest in biodegradable materials as an alternative to synthetic counterparts (particularly in food packaging industries) due to the negative environmental impacts of synthetic plastics. Researchers have developed various starch-based composites for different applications. The aim of the study was to develop zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle (NPs) embedded biofilms from potato starch and corn starch as alternatives to plastic packaging for food materials. The objective of the study was (1) to develop ZnO NPs-embedded starch biofilms from potato starch and corn starch as alternatives to plastic packaging for food materials. (2) To evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the biofilms by testing their sensory characteristics and functional properties. The protocol was standardized, biofilms were developed, sensory characteristics were analyzed, and functional properties were tested. Potato starch biofilm had the highest moisture content (11.03 ± 0.78%), swelling index (30.16 ± 0.31%), and solubility (26.37 ± 0.63%) was rough, brittle, and had moderate transparency. Corn starch biofilm had the least moisture content (11.03 ± 0.78%), swelling index (27.02 ± 0.35%), and solubility (20.70 ± 0.74%) was fine, inflexible, and had poor transparency. Potato starch biofilm with its higher moisture content, swelling index, and solubility may be ideal for biodegradable packaging of fresh or moist foods. In contrast, corn starch biofilm with its lower moisture content, swelling index, and solubility may be better suited for dry, shelf-stable foods, offering moisture resistance and structural integrity. However, a better alternative in terms of physical properties and sensory characteristics has to be developed. Starch ; Potato starch ; Food packaging ; Swelling ; Moisture ; Biofilm ; Resistant starch ; Solubility Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging