jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Jos J. A. G. Kamps | Philip Hinchliffe | Jørgen Glerup | Emily I. Freeman | Pauline A. Lang | Catherine L. Tooke | Michael Beer | Laura Parkinson | Do-Heon Gu | Sehan Park | N. E. Devenish | Tiankun Zhou | Anastasya Shilova | Patrick Rabe | Christopher J. Schofield | James Spencer | Jaehyun Park | Robin L. Owen | Allen M. Orville | Pierre Aller
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (article, 2025-12-19)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Drop on fixed target reaction initiation approach for serial and time resolved crystallography Abstract We describe the design and implementation of a drop on fixed target method for time-resolved serial crystallography at both synchrotron and XFEL facilities. A piezoelectric droplet dispensing pipette is employed for addition of picolitre volume (40 – 90 pL) aqueous droplets, containing (co-)substrate(s) or ligand(s), onto enzyme microcrystals immobilised on a solid support. The system was tested with various enzyme systems, including lysozyme and two ꞵ-lactamases, CTX-M-15 and AmpC EC . Mitigation strategies for cross-well contamination, including the implementation of interleaved controls, are described; the overall performance of the system at synchrotron and X-ray free electron laser facilities was evaluated. This drop on fixed target method is a reliable framework for time-resolved crystallography and will improve the consistency of measurements across facilities. Drop (telecommunication) ; Synchrotron ; Synchrotron radiation ; Diffraction ; Laser ; Pipette ; X-ray crystallography Enzyme Structure and Function ; Crystallography and molecular interactions ; Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Authors: Masakazu Iwasaka
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2025-10-27)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Physical mechanism for the extremely rapid twinkling by chromatophores of Atherinidae Abstract Lymphatics and secondary circulation systems of teleost exist in the skin layer where chromatophore cells coexist. This work reveals that in the skin of three species of Atherinidae, an extremely rapid flashing iridophore acts as fluid pressure sensor and visualizes micro-circulations in the layer. The fish has a capillary network propagating fluid pressure from the primal circulation systems. Complex of xanthophore, iridophore and micro-circulation network forms the twinkling spot that change light reflection intensity in 100 ms. The movement of light reflecting particles of iridophore, to which fluid pressure is applied, is the mechanism of twinkling skin tissue. The iridophores form a membrane with honeycomb compartments containing guanine platelets. Micro-circulation capillaries are embedded in the honeycomb membrane and provide driven forces for the light reflecting platelet movements. Two dimensional image of the micro-citculation appears on the twinkling patterns. The results suggest that real-time visualization of the micro-circulations can be achieved in the body of the Atherinidae. Making mimicry of the native skin device with the twinkling iridophores can contribute to developing the new artificial skin device for visualizing lymphatic micro-circulation system that can monitor an immune process in real time. Chromatophore ; Lamella (surface anatomy) ; Hydrostatic pressure ; Mechanism (biology) ; Light intensity ; Membrane Liquid Crystal Research Advancements
Authors: Sergi Pylypenko | M. Winter | U. Rößler | Darius Pohl | R. Kyrychenko | M. C. Rahn | Barat Achinuq | Jack Bollard | Praveen Vir | G. van der Laan | T. Hesjedal | J.H. Schultz | Bernd Rellinghaus | Claudia Felser | Axel Lubk
Source: ArXiv.org (preprint, 2025-01-29)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Microscopic Observation of Non-Ergodic States in Two-Dimensional Non-Topological Bubble Lattices Disordered 2D lattices, including hexatic and various glassy states, are observed in a wide range of 2D systems including colloidal nanoparticle assemblies and fluxon lattices. Their disordered nature determines the stability and mobility of these systems, as well as their response to the external stimuli. Here we report on the controlled creation and characterization of a disordered 2D lattice of non-topological magnetic bubbles in the non-centrosymmetric ferrimagnetic alloy Mn$_{1.4}$PtSn. By analyzing the type and frequency of fundamental lattice defects, such as dislocations, the orientational correlation, as well as the induced motion of the lattice in an external field, a non-ergodic glassy state, stabilized by directional application of an external field, is revealed. Ergodic theory ; Bubble ; Physics ; Topology (electrical circuits) ; Statistical physics ; Mathematics ; Pure mathematics ; Mechanics ; Combinatorics Pickering emulsions and particle stabilization ; Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation
Authors: William D. Hutchins | Saman Zare | Daniel Hirt | Elizabeth Golightly | Patrick E. Hopkins
Source: ArXiv.org (preprint, 2025-04-08)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Infrared Phonon Thermoreflectance in Polar Dielectrics In this work, we investigate dielectric materials for thermoreflectance-based thermal sensing by extracting key optical parameters using temperature-dependent spectroscopic ellipsometry in the mid-infrared regime. Leveraging optical phonon resonances, we demonstrate that the thermoreflectance coefficients in polar dielectrics rival, and in some cases exceed by an order of magnitude, those observed in commonly used metals that are typically used as temperature transducers in thermoreflectance measurements. We introduce a transducer figure of merit (FOM) that combines pump absorption and probe reflectance modulation at different wavelengths. Our findings reveal that materials such as sapphire and aluminum nitride can outperform metals by up to two orders of magnitude. These results position dielectric materials as compelling candidates for next-generation thermal metrology, broadening the design space for optical thermometry, with strong implications for high-resolution thermal mapping and characterization of layered device structures based on phonon probing. Sapphire ; Figure of merit ; Dielectric ; Phonon ; Polar ; Thermal ; Ellipsometry ; Absorption (acoustics) Thermal properties of materials ; Mechanical and Optical Resonators ; Calibration and Measurement Techniques
Authors: H. Jaballah | J. Horcheni | J. Moscovici | A. Ayadim | Lotfi Bessais
Source: Materials (article, 2025-04-25)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Structural, Magnetic, and Magnetocaloric Properties of Ce2(Fe, Co)17 Compounds: Tuning Magnetic Transitions and Enhancing Refrigeration Efficiency This study explores the structural, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties of Ce2(Fe, Co)17 (x = 0, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7) compounds synthesized via arc melting under high temperatures exceeding 2300 K. The as-cast ingots are subsequently sealed and subjected to a heat treatment at 1323 K to improve homogeneity and crystallinity. Detailed analyses using X-ray diffraction and magnetometry reveal that cobalt substitution significantly impacts the structural and magnetic behavior, enabling precise tuning of the magnetic transition temperature and magnetic order. The substitution induces an anisotropic increase in cell parameters and shifts the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) from low temperatures (200 K for x = 0) to near room temperature (285 K for x = 0.7), enhancing the operating temperature range. The magnetocaloric effect is studied across different magnetic transitions: a metamagnetic and ferro-antiferromagnetic transition followed by a paramagnetic state in one sample, and a direct ferro-paramagnetic transition in another. The compounds exhibit a second-order magnetic phase transition, ensuring a reversible MCE, with a relative cooling power (RCP) that is approximately 85% of that of pure Gd. Moreover, the use of cerium, the most cost-effective rare-earth element (5 $/kg), combined with its low atomic concentration (10%) in these intermetallics, enhances the sustainability and affordability of these materials. These findings underline the potential of iron-rich Ce-based compounds for next-generation refrigeration and energy-harvesting applications. Magnetic refrigeration ; Materials science ; Paramagnetism ; Antiperovskite ; Antiferromagnetism ; Magnetometer ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Condensed matter physics ; Magnetization ; Nanotechnology ; Chemistry ; Magnetic field Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials ; Shape Memory Alloy Transformations ; Advanced Condensed Matter Physics
Authors: Léa Guerassimoff | Yera Ussembayev | Louise De Clerck | Deep Punj | Martijn van den Broek | Filip Beunis | Katrien Remaut | Kevin Braeckmans | Prof. Stefaan C. De Smedt | Félix Sauvage
Source: Advanced Science (article, 2025-12-22)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Photothermal Transport for Guiding Nanoparticles Through the Vitreous Humor Visual impairments affect over 2.2 billion people worldwide, yet delivering drugs to the posterior segment of the eye, including the retina, remains a major challenge. Intravitreal injection, the standard administration route, often results in suboptimal drug diffusion through the vitreous, limiting drug access to the retina. While various strategies have been explored to enhance the mobility of drug molecules and nanomedicines (drugs encapsulated in nanoparticles) in the vitreous, no method has demonstrated guided transport. Here, we investigate photothermal transport of nanoparticles in the vitreous using a pulsed laser and indocyanine green, both clinically approved modalities. We show that photothermal transport guides nanoparticles from one location in the vitreous toward the laser-illuminated area, away from the injection spot. Multiple-particle tracking and numerical simulations reveal that this motion is predominantly driven by thermal convection, with thermophoresis contributing to a lesser extent. We identified parameters for optimization, including dye concentration, particle size, distance from the laser focus, and laser fluence. These findings establish a novel and clinically relevant paradigm for light-guided drug delivery in the eye. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of guided light-controlled particle transport in the vitreous using ocular dyes and pulsed lasers routinely applied in ophthalmology. Photothermal therapy ; Nanoparticle ; Laser ; Thermophoresis ; Drug delivery ; Indocyanine green ; Particle (ecology) ; Photothermal effect Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry ; Retinal and Macular Surgery ; Random lasers and scattering media
Authors: Jing Li | Jiale Zhang | Qijian Zhang | Lin Zhang
Source: Journal of Saudi Chemical Society (article, 2025-08-25)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Investigating the effect of electric field on the B3N3-ring doped nanographene–C60 composite by SCC-DFTB methods The two model of nanographene–C60 and BNG–C60 composites were constructed to investigate their electronic structures and field-emission characteristics, aiming to guide the design of field emission devices. The structural stability, molecular orbital energy levels, local electron density distributions, work functions, and the Mulliken charges of both composites were systematically explored by using the self-consistent charge density functional tight-binding method. The results reveal that an external electric field can significantly modulate the electronic structures, interatomic bonding patterns, local electron density distributions, and electronic energy spectra of these composites. As the electric field strength increases, the orbital energy of the composites rises while the work function decreases, which has a positive effect on the improvement of the field emission properties and provides theoretical support for their potential as field-emitting materials. Furthermore, the composites exhibit notable changes in their maximum absorption wavelengths and vibronic intensities under the influence of an electric field, suggesting promising applications in optoelectronic materials. Doping ; Composite number ; Ring (chemistry) ; Electric field ; Materials science ; Field (mathematics) ; Condensed matter physics ; Chemistry ; Composite material ; Physics ; Optoelectronics ; Mathematics ; Organic chemistry ; Quantum mechanics ; Pure mathematics Fullerene Chemistry and Applications ; Graphene research and applications ; Boron and Carbon Nanomaterials Research
Authors: Nilanjan Das | Islam Hafez | Douglas W. Bousfield | Mehdi Tajvidi
Source: Polysaccharides (article, 2025-04-02)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Multi-Layer Oil- and Water-Resistant Food Containers Made Using Cellulose Nanofibril-Laminated Wood Veneer This work aimed at replacing per- or poly-fluoroalkyl substance (PFAS)-based food-serving containers with wood-based, oil- and grease-resistant food-serving containers. A novel container was developed by laminating wet cellulose nanofibril (CNF) films to both sides of yellow birch wood veneer using a food-grade polyamide–epichlorohydrin additive (PAE) as an adhesive. CNFs significantly improved the wood veneer container’s mechanical strength and barrier properties. The container’s mechanical testing results showed significant increases in flexural strength and modulus of elasticity (MOE) values in both parallel and perpendicular directions to the grain. All formulations of the container showed excellent oil and grease resistance properties by passing “kit” number 12 based on the TAPPI T 559 cm-12 standard. The water absorption tendency of the formulation treated at higher temperature, pressure, and longer press time showed similar performance to commercial paper plates containing PFASs. The developed composite demonstrates superior flexural strength and barrier properties, presenting a sustainable alternative to PFASs in food-serving containers. Both wood and CNFs stand out for their remarkable eco-friendliness, as they are biodegradable and naturally compostable. This unique characteristic not only helps minimize waste but also promotes a healthier environment. If scaled up, these novel containers may present a solution to the oil/grease resistance of bio-based food containers. Veneer ; Cellulose ; Materials science ; Composite material ; Pulp and paper industry ; Layer (electronics) ; Chemical engineering ; Engineering Advanced Cellulose Research Studies ; Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications ; Lignin and Wood Chemistry
Authors: W. S. A. Sudarshana | L. K. T. Srimal | Ruwan Gallage
Source: Engineer Journal of the Institution of Engineers Sri Lanka (article, 2025-06-13)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Production of Coir Fibre-Reinforced Natural Rubber Composite Using Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Moulding (VARTM) Process for Roofing Insulation Applications in Buildings This research paper aims to produce a coir fibre-reinforced natural rubber composite using a Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Moulding (VARTM) process for building roofing applications. Using coir fibre as a reinforcement in different applications is a much-researched feature because it is a readily available natural fibre. Coir fibre is a low-cost material with a high strength-to-weight ratio. The thermal properties of a composite mainly depend on volume fraction, arrangement of fibre reinforcement, and the production process. The novelty of this research lies in using the VARTM process for producing composite materials while allowing precise control over the resin infusion process, resulting in uniform distribution of natural rubber latex throughout coir fibre reinforcement. This research addresses challenges in existing manufacturing processes for coir fibre-reinforced composites, such as poor resin distribution and inadequate fibre-matrix interaction. By utilising VARTM, the primary purpose of this research is to overcome these challenges and achieve a high-quality composite with improved mechanical and thermal properties. The methodology includes a state-of-the-art review and analytical, numerical, and experimental analysis. Expected outcomes comprise an improved manufacturing process for developing natural bio-composite material. Research significance lies in the potential for creating a sustainable and eco-friendly composite. Analytical calculations and numerical simulations validated the experimental thermal conductivities. However, experimental results have deviated from the analytical and numerical results due to the limitations of theoretical equations available in the literature. Hence, the underlying reasons for this difference have been discussed in detail. According to this research, the VARTM method manufactured 4cm coir fibre length and 275g coir fibre weight sample was selected as the best sample for roofing insulation in a building. The lowest thermal conductivity of the specified sample was 0.08W/(mK), and the respective tensile stress was 0.19MPa. Composite material ; Materials science ; Composite number ; Natural rubber ; Coir Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: Zainal Syam Arifin | Nur Sila Alisi | Ahmad Zaeni
Source: Indo J Chem Res (article, 2025-08-21)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Aerobic Degradation of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Activated Sludge with the Addition of Glucose, KNO3, and KH2PO4 As urban populations grow, the demand for laundry services increases, leading to more detergent waste containing linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) discharged into the environment. This study investigates the ex-situ degradation of laundry waste in an aerobically activated sludge tank by adding 6 g glucose, 1 g KNO₃, and 0.5 g KH₂PO₄ as nutrient sources. Wastewater samples from two laundry sites were treated with indigenous bacteria from contaminated sludge. The study aimed to assess LAS degradation and reductions in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). LAS levels were monitored over ten days, showing 89.1% and 85.3% degradation efficiencies for the two samples, respectively. BOD decreased from 136.05 to 14.64 mg/L and 140.74 to 13.85 mg/L, while COD dropped from 340.56 to 47.52 mg/L and from 337.91 to 47.49 mg/L. Despite significant BOD reduction, COD levels remained high, indicating the presence of non-biodegradable compounds. The food to microorganisms (F/M) ratio increased over ten days, confirming that activated sludge, with nutrient addition, effectively degrades LAS by over 85%. These results highlight the potential for nutrient-augmented activated sludge systems to manage LAS contamination in laundry wastewater. However, further research is needed to address the persistence of non-biodegradable compounds. Activated sludge ; Degradation (telecommunications) ; Chemistry ; Sulfonate ; Linear alkylbenzene ; Pulp and paper industry ; Sewage treatment ; Environmental science ; Biochemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Environmental engineering ; Pulmonary surfactant ; Computer science ; Sodium Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography ; Environmental Chemistry and Analysis ; Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Anna Ranzenigo | Fabrizio Machetti | Alberto Brandi | Franca M. Cordero
Source: Preprints.org (preprint, 2025-11-04)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Synthesis of 2,7-Diamino-4,5-Epoxysuberic Acid Derivatives The epoxidation of 2,7-diaminooct-4-enedioic acid derivatives with different steric re-quirements at the homoallylic positions has been studied. Four readily available unsatu-rated bis-amino esters were used as model substrates for the synthesis of 2,7-diamino-4,5-epoxysuberic esters. The study revealed a reduced reactivity of all the un-saturated compounds towards epoxidation, but particularly of the most crowded one. Moderate stereoselectivity was observed in the epoxidation of C2-symmetric chiral un-saturated bis--amino esters. All substrates were converted to the corresponding epoxides in high yields using an excess of Oxone®/acetone. Stereoselectivity ; Steric effects ; Reactivity (psychology) ; Epoxide ; Reaction conditions Organic Chemistry Cycloaddition Reactions ; Synthesis and Catalytic Reactions ; Asymmetric Synthesis and Catalysis
Authors: Anna Ranzenigo | Fabrizio Machetti | Alberto Brandi | Franca M. Cordero
Source: Preprints.org (preprint, 2025-11-19)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Synthesis of 2,7-Diamino-4,5-Epoxysuberic Acid Derivatives The epoxidation of 2,7-diaminooct-4-enedioic acid derivatives with different steric requirements at the homoallylic positions has been studied. Four readily available unsaturated bis-amino esters were used as model substrates for the synthesis of 2,7-diamino-4,5-epoxysuberic esters. The study revealed a reduced reactivity of all the unsaturated compounds towards epoxidation, but particularly of the most crowded one. Moderate stereoselectivity was observed in the epoxidation of C2-symmetric chiral unsaturated bis-a-amino esters. All substrates were converted to the corresponding epoxides in high yields using an excess of Oxone®/acetone. Steric effects ; Stereoselectivity ; Reactivity (psychology) ; Epoxide ; Regioselectivity Organic Chemistry Cycloaddition Reactions ; Carbon dioxide utilization in catalysis ; Asymmetric Synthesis and Catalysis
Authors: Anna Ranzenigo | Fabrizio Machetti | Alberto Brandi | Franca M. Cordero
Source: Preprints.org (preprint, 2025-11-17)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Synthesis of 2,7-Diamino-4,5-Epoxysuberic Acid Derivatives The epoxidation of 2,7-diaminooct-4-enedioic acid derivatives with different steric requirements at the homoallylic positions has been studied. Four readily available unsaturated bis-amino esters were used as model substrates for the synthesis of 2,7-diamino-4,5-epoxysuberic esters. The study revealed a reduced reactivity of all the unsaturated compounds towards epoxidation, but particularly of the most crowded one. Moderate stereoselectivity was observed in the epoxidation of C2-symmetric chiral unsaturated bis-a-amino esters. All substrates were converted to the corresponding epoxides in high yields using an excess of Oxone®/acetone. Steric effects ; Stereoselectivity ; Reactivity (psychology) ; Epoxide ; Regioselectivity Organic Chemistry Cycloaddition Reactions ; Carbon dioxide utilization in catalysis ; Asymmetric Synthesis and Catalysis