jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Maha Alafeef | Indrajit Srivastava | Teresa Aditya | Dipanjan Pan
Source: Small (review, 2023-09-15)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Carbon Dots: From Synthesis to Unraveling the Fluorescence Mechanism Carbon dots (CDs) being a new type of carbon-based nanomaterial have attracted intensive interest from researchers owing to their excellent biophysical properties. CDs are a class of fluorescent carbon nanomaterials that have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional quantum dots and organic dyes in applications including bioimaging, sensing, and optoelectronics. CDs possess unique optical properties, such as tunable emission, facile synthesis, and low toxicity, making them attractive for many applications in biology, medicine, and environmental areas. The synthesis of CDs is achievable by a variety of methods, including bottom-up and top-down approaches, involving the use of different carbon sources and surface functionalization strategies. However, understanding the fluorescence mechanism of CDs remains a challenge. Various mechanistic models have been proposed to explain their origin of luminescence. This review summarizes the recent developments in the synthesis and functionalization of CDs and provides an overview of the current understanding of the fluorescence mechanism. Nanotechnology ; Surface modification ; Nanomaterials ; Fluorescence ; Quantum dot ; Carbon fibers ; Materials science ; Mechanism (biology) ; Luminescence ; Chemistry ; Optoelectronics ; Physics Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications ; Nanocluster Synthesis and Applications ; Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
Authors: Nick A. Shepelin | Zahra Pourmand Tehrani | Natacha Ohannessian | C. Schneider | Daniele Pergolesi | Thomas Lippert
Source: Chemical Society Reviews (review, 2023-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A practical guide to pulsed laser deposition Nanoscale thin films are widely implemented across a plethora of technological and scientific areas, and form the basis for many advancements that have driven human progress, owing to the high degree of functional tunability based on the chemical composition. Pulsed laser deposition is one of the multiple physical vapour deposition routes to fabricate thin films, employing laser energy to eject material from a target in the form of a plasma. A substrate, commonly a single-crystal oxide, is placed in the path of the plume and acts as a template for the arriving species from the target to coalesce and self-assemble into a thin film. This technique is tremendously useful to produce crystalline films, due to the wide range of atmospheric conditions and the extent of possible chemical complexity of the target. However, this flexibility results in a high degree of complexity, oftentimes requiring rigorous optimisation of the growth parameters to achieve high quality crystalline films with desired composition. In this tutorial review, we aim to reduce the complexity and the barrier to entry for the controlled growth of complex oxides by pulsed laser deposition. We present an overview of the fundamental and practical aspects of pulsed laser deposition, discuss the consequences of tailoring the growth parameters on the thin film properties, and describe <i>in situ</i> monitoring techniques that are useful in gaining a deeper understanding of the properties of the resultant films. Particular emphasis is placed on the general relationships between the growth parameters and the consequent structural, chemical and functional properties of the thin films. In the final section, we discuss the open questions within the field and possible directions to further expand the utility of pulsed laser deposition. Pulsed laser deposition ; Deposition (geology) ; Pulsed laser ; Laser ; Materials science ; Nanotechnology ; Computer science ; Thin film ; Optics ; Physics ; Geology Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides ; Semiconductor materials and devices ; ZnO doping and properties
Authors: Sania Naz | Ayesha Gul | Muhammad Zia | Rabia Javed
Source: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (review, 2023-01-13)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Synthesis, biomedical applications, and toxicity of CuO nanoparticles Nanotechnology ; Nanomedicine ; Biocompatible material ; Nanoparticle ; Nanomaterials ; Materials science ; Chemistry ; Biomedical engineering ; Medicine Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; Advanced Nanomaterials in Catalysis ; Copper-based nanomaterials and applications
Authors: Tianyou Mou | Hemanth Somarajan Pillai | Siwen Wang | Mingyu Wan | Xue Han | Neil M. Schweitzer | Fanglin Che | Hongliang Xin
Source: Nature Catalysis (article, 2023-02-23)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Bridging the complexity gap in computational heterogeneous catalysis with machine learning Bridging (networking) ; Computer science ; Variety (cybernetics) ; Bridge (graph theory) ; Limiting ; Relevance (law) ; Biochemical engineering ; Computational model ; Nanotechnology ; Data science ; Management science ; Artificial intelligence ; Engineering ; Materials science Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Catalysis and Oxidation Reactions ; Topic Modeling
Authors: Wenye Ji | Jin Chang | He‐Xiu Xu | J. R. Gao | Simon Gröblacher | H. P. Urbach | A. J. L. Adam
Source: Light Science & Applications (review, 2023-07-07)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Recent advances in metasurface design and quantum optics applications with machine learning, physics-informed neural networks, and topology optimization methods As a two-dimensional planar material with low depth profile, a metasurface can generate non-classical phase distributions for the transmitted and reflected electromagnetic waves at its interface. Thus, it offers more flexibility to control the wave front. A traditional metasurface design process mainly adopts the forward prediction algorithm, such as Finite Difference Time Domain, combined with manual parameter optimization. However, such methods are time-consuming, and it is difficult to keep the practical meta-atom spectrum being consistent with the ideal one. In addition, since the periodic boundary condition is used in the meta-atom design process, while the aperiodic condition is used in the array simulation, the coupling between neighboring meta-atoms leads to inevitable inaccuracy. In this review, representative intelligent methods for metasurface design are introduced and discussed, including machine learning, physics-information neural network, and topology optimization method. We elaborate on the principle of each approach, analyze their advantages and limitations, and discuss their potential applications. We also summarize recent advances in enabled metasurfaces for quantum optics applications. In short, this paper highlights a promising direction for intelligent metasurface designs and applications for future quantum optics research and serves as an up-to-date reference for researchers in the metasurface and metamaterial fields. Metamaterial ; Computer science ; Topology optimization ; Aperiodic graph ; Topology (electrical circuits) ; Artificial neural network ; Quantum ; Quantum optics ; Coupling (piping) ; Physics ; Artificial intelligence ; Finite element method ; Quantum mechanics ; Mathematics ; Mechanical engineering ; Engineering ; Electrical engineering Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling ; Antenna Design and Analysis
Authors: Jean‐Yves Maillard | Michael Pascoe
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology (review, 2023-08-30)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Disinfectants and antiseptics: mechanisms of action and resistance Biocide ; Microbiology ; Antimicrobial ; Biology ; Biofilm ; Antibiotic resistance ; Bacteria ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Drug resistance ; Antibiotics ; Chemistry Antimicrobial agents and applications ; Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing ; Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
Authors: Ghazal Bashiri | Marshall S. Padilla | Kelsey L. Swingle | Sarah J. Shepherd | Michael J. Mitchell | Karin Wang
Source: Lab on a Chip (review, 2023-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Nanoparticle protein corona: from structure and function to therapeutic targeting Nanoparticle (NP)-based therapeutics have ushered in a new era in translational medicine. However, despite the clinical success of NP technology, it is not well-understood how NPs fundamentally change in biological environments. When introduced into physiological fluids, NPs are coated by proteins, forming a protein corona (PC). The PC has the potential to endow NPs with a new identity and alter their bioactivity, stability, and destination. Additionally, the conformation of proteins is sensitive to their physical and chemical surroundings. Therefore, biological factors and protein-NP-interactions can induce changes in the conformation and orientation of proteins <i>in vivo</i>. Since the function of a protein is closely connected to its folded structure, slight differences in the surrounding environment as well as the surface characteristics of the NP materials may cause proteins to lose or gain a function. As a result, this can alter the downstream functionality of the NPs. This review introduces the main biological factors affecting the conformation of proteins associated with the PC. Then, four types of NPs with extensive utility in biomedical applications are described in greater detail, focusing on the conformation and orientation of adsorbed proteins. This is followed by a discussion on the instances in which the conformation of adsorbed proteins can be leveraged for therapeutic purposes, such as controlling protein conformation in assembled matrices in tissue, as well as controlling the PC conformation for modulating immune responses. The review concludes with a perspective on the remaining challenges and unexplored areas at the interface of PC and NP research. Corona (planetary geology) ; Function (biology) ; Nanotechnology ; Biophysics ; Computational biology ; Cell biology ; Materials science ; Biology ; Astrobiology Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Protein Interaction Studies and Fluorescence Analysis ; Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
Authors: Maciej Noga | Justyna Milan | Adrian Frydrych | Kamil Jurowski
Source: International Journal of Molecular Sciences (review, 2023-03-07)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Toxicological Aspects, Safety Assessment, and Green Toxicology of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs)—Critical Review: State of the Art In recent years, research on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has attracted considerable interest among scientists because of, among other things, their alternative application to well-known medical agents with antibacterial properties. The size of the silver nanoparticles ranges from 1 to 100 nm. In this paper, we review the progress of research on AgNPs with respect to the synthesis, applications, and toxicological safety of AgNPs, and the issue of in vivo and in vitro research on silver nanoparticles. AgNPs' synthesis methods include physical, chemical, and biological routes, as well as "green synthesis". The content of this article covers issues related to the disadvantages of physical and chemical methods, which are expensive and can also have toxicity. This review pays special attention to AgNP biosafety concerns, such as potential toxicity to cells, tissues, and organs. Silver nanoparticle ; Nanotechnology ; Biosafety ; Biological safety ; Chemistry ; Toxicology ; Nanoparticle ; Biochemical engineering ; Biotechnology ; Materials science ; Biology ; Engineering Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
Authors: Ping Tan | Xiaoting Chen | Hu Zhang | Qiang Wei | Kui Luo
Source: Seminars in Cancer Biology (review, 2023-01-19)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Artificial intelligence aids in development of nanomedicines for cancer management Nanomedicine ; Nanotechnology ; Profiling (computer programming) ; Bench to bedside ; Medicine ; Risk analysis (engineering) ; Medical physics ; Computer science ; Materials science ; Nanoparticle Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
Authors: Weijun Yang | Yanlin Zhu | Tianxi Liu | Débora Puglia | J. M. Kenny | Pengwu Xu | Rui Zhang | Piming Ma
Source: Advanced Functional Materials (article, 2023-01-15)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Multiple Structure Reconstruction by Dual Dynamic Crosslinking Strategy Inducing Self‐Reinforcing and Toughening the Polyurethane/Nanocellulose Elastomers Abstract High‐performance elastomers are expected to possess excellent healing and recycling ability, damage resistance in conjunction with high strength and toughness. Herein, a dual dynamic crosslinking strategy is implemented by multiple hydrogen and disulfide bonds to obtain a novel amorphous and transparent polyurethane/nanocellulose elastomer with excellent self‐healing, self‐reinforcing and toughening performance. First, hydrogen bonds are introduced in TEMPO‐oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TCNF) by modification with 2‐ureido‐4[1H]‐pyrimidone (UTCNF), while disulfide bonds (SS) are introduced in the polyurethane (PU) main chain, leading to the formation of dual dynamic cross‐linking networks. The PU‐SS‐UTCNF elastomer can fully self‐heal within 4.0 h at 50 °C. Surprisingly, for the first time, the PU‐SS‐UTCNF elastomer also self‐strengthens and self‐toughens after multiple hot‐pressing, with tensile strength and toughness that increase by up to 401% and 257% compared to original elastomer samples, up to 50.0 MPa and 132.5 MJ m ‐3 . The self‐strength and self‐toughening effects are attributed to 1) reconstruction of dual dynamic networks that increase the cross‐linking degree during the multiple hot‐pressing processes; 2) multiple hydrogen bonds in the system are beneficial to the orientation of highly crystallized UTCNF, as a replacement of stress‐induced process in deformation under external tensile force. Materials science ; Elastomer ; Composite material ; Toughness ; Polyurethane ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Self-healing ; Toughening ; Nanocellulose ; Hydrogen bond ; Cellulose ; Chemical engineering ; Molecule Polymer composites and self-healing ; Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications ; Advanced Cellulose Research Studies
Authors: Jiahua Zhou | Piaoping Yang | Pavel A. Kots | Maximilian Cohen | Ying Chen | Caitlin M. Quinn | Matheus Dorneles de Mello | J. Anibal Boscoboinik | Wendy J. Shaw | Stavros Caratzoulas | Weiqing Zheng | Dionisios G. Vlachos
Source: Nature Communications (article, 2023-04-21)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Tuning the reactivity of carbon surfaces with oxygen-containing functional groups Oxygen-containing carbons are promising supports and metal-free catalysts for many reactions. However, distinguishing the role of various oxygen functional groups and quantifying and tuning each functionality is still difficult. Here we investigate the role of Brønsted acidic oxygen-containing functional groups by synthesizing a diverse library of materials. By combining acid-catalyzed elimination probe chemistry, comprehensive surface characterizations, <sup>15</sup>N isotopically labeled acetonitrile adsorption coupled with magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, machine learning, and density-functional theory calculations, we demonstrate that phenolic is the main acid site in gas-phase chemistries and unexpectedly carboxylic groups are much less acidic than phenolic groups in the graphitized mesoporous carbon due to electron density delocalization induced by the aromatic rings of graphitic carbon. The methodology can identify acidic sites in oxygenated carbon materials in solid acid catalyst-driven chemistry. Reactivity (psychology) ; Carbon fibers ; Oxygen ; Chemistry ; Materials science ; Nanotechnology ; Biophysics ; Biology ; Organic chemistry ; Medicine ; Composite number Catalytic Processes in Materials Science ; Graphene research and applications ; Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research
Authors: Lilian R. Heil | Eugen Damoc | Tabiwang N. Arrey | Anna Pashkova | Eduard Denisov | J. Petzoldt | Amelia C. Peterson | Chris Hsu | Brian C. Searle | Nicholas Shulman | Michael Riffle | B. Connolly | Brendan MacLean | Philip M. Remes | Michael W. Senko | Hamish Stewart | Christian Hock | Alexander Makarov | Daniel Hermanson | Vlad Zabrouskov | Christine C. Wu | Michael J. MacCoss
Source: Journal of Proteome Research (article, 2023-09-08)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Evaluating the Performance of the Astral Mass Analyzer for Quantitative Proteomics Using Data-Independent Acquisition We evaluate the quantitative performance of the newly released Asymmetric Track Lossless (Astral) analyzer. Using data-independent acquisition, the Thermo Scientific Orbitrap Astral mass spectrometer quantifies 5 times more peptides per unit time than state-of-the-art Thermo Scientific Orbitrap mass spectrometers, which have long been the gold standard for high-resolution quantitative proteomics. Our results demonstrate that the Orbitrap Astral mass spectrometer can produce high-quality quantitative measurements across a wide dynamic range. We also use a newly developed extracellular vesicle enrichment protocol to reach new depths of coverage in the plasma proteome, quantifying over 5000 plasma proteins in a 60 min gradient with the Orbitrap Astral mass spectrometer. Orbitrap ; Mass spectrometry ; Quantitative proteomics ; Chemistry ; Proteomics ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Chromatography Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Authors: Si‐Zhe Sheng | Jinlong Wang | Bin Zhao | Zhen He | Xuefei Feng | Qi‐Guo Shang | Cheng Chen | Gang Pei | Jun Zhou | Jianwei Liu | Shu‐Hong Yu
Source: Nature Communications (article, 2023-06-03)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Nanowire-based smart windows combining electro- and thermochromics for dynamic regulation of solar radiation Smart window is an attractive option for efficient heat management to minimize energy consumption and improve indoor living comfort owing to their optical properties of adjusting sunlight. To effectively improve the sunlight modulation and heat management capability of smart windows, here, we propose a co-assembly strategy to fabricate the electrochromic and thermochromic smart windows with tunable components and ordered structures for the dynamic regulation of solar radiation. Firstly, to enhance both illumination and cooling efficiency in electrochromic windows, the aspect ratio and mixed type of Au nanorods are tuned to selectively absorb the near-infrared wavelength range of 760 to 1360 nm. Furthermore, when assembled with electrochromic W<sub>18</sub>O<sub>49</sub> nanowires in the colored state, the Au nanorods exhibit a synergistic effect, resulting in a 90% reduction of near-infrared light and a corresponding 5 °C cooling effect under 1-sun irradiation. Secondly, to extend the fixed response temperature value to a wider range of 30-50 °C in thermochromic windows, the doping amount and mixed type of W-VO<sub>2</sub> nanowires are carefully regulated. Last but not the least, the ordered assembly structure of the nanowires can greatly reduce the level of haze and enhance visibility in the windows. Electrochromism ; Materials science ; Nanowire ; Optoelectronics ; Infrared ; Nanotechnology ; Nanorod ; Transmittance ; Optics ; Chemistry ; Electrode Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials ; Urban Heat Island Mitigation ; Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies
Authors: Fan Liu | Hao Deng | David R. Diercks | Praveen Kumar | Mohammed Hussain Abdul Jabbar | Cenk Gümeci | Yoshihisa Furuya | Nilesh Dale | Takanori Oku | Masahiro Usuda | Pejman Kazempoor | Liyang Fang | Di Chen | Bin Liu | Chuancheng Duan
Source: Nature Energy (article, 2023-09-07)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Lowering the operating temperature of protonic ceramic electrochemical cells to &lt;450 °C Materials science ; Electrolyte ; Hydrogen production ; Power density ; Electrode ; Ceramic ; Electrochemistry ; High-temperature electrolysis ; Electrolysis ; Operating temperature ; Chemical engineering ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Proton exchange membrane fuel cell ; Hydrogen ; Nanotechnology ; Optoelectronics ; Electrical engineering ; Fuel cells ; Chemistry ; Composite material ; Power (physics) ; Thermodynamics Advancements in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ; Advanced battery technologies research
Authors: Younghwan Yang | Junhwa Seong | Minseok Choi | Junkyeong Park | Gyeongtae Kim | Hongyoon Kim | Junhyeon Jeong | Chunghwan Jung | Joohoon Kim | Gyoseon Jeon | Kyung-il Lee | Dong Hyun Yoon | Junsuk Rho
Source: Light Science & Applications (review, 2023-06-20)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Integrated metasurfaces for re-envisioning a near-future disruptive optical platform Metasurfaces have been continuously garnering attention in both scientific and industrial fields, owing to their unprecedented wavefront manipulation capabilities using arranged subwavelength artificial structures. To date, research has mainly focused on the full control of electromagnetic characteristics, including polarization, phase, amplitude, and even frequencies. Consequently, versatile possibilities of electromagnetic wave control have been achieved, yielding practical optical components such as metalenses, beam-steerers, metaholograms, and sensors. Current research is now focused on integrating the aforementioned metasurfaces with other standard optical components (e.g., light-emitting diodes, charged-coupled devices, micro-electro-mechanical systems, liquid crystals, heaters, refractive optical elements, planar waveguides, optical fibers, etc.) for commercialization with miniaturization trends of optical devices. Herein, this review describes and classifies metasurface-integrated optical components, and subsequently discusses their promising applications with metasurface-integrated optical platforms including those of augmented/virtual reality, light detection and ranging, and sensors. In conclusion, this review presents several challenges and prospects that are prevalent in the field in order to accelerate the commercialization of metasurfaces-integrated optical platforms. Miniaturization ; Commercialization ; Wavefront ; Planar ; Optoelectronics ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Materials science ; Computer science ; Optics ; Nanotechnology ; Physics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Random lasers and scattering media ; Optical Wireless Communication Technologies