jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Subrato Sarkar
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-01-16)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A Computationally Efficient Vectorized Implementation of Localizing Gradient Damage Method in MATLAB In this work, a recently developed fracture modeling method called localizing gradient damage method (LGDM) is implemented in MATLAB. MATLAB is well-known in the computational research community for its simple and easy-to-learn coding interface. As a result, MATLAB is generally preferred for the initial development (prototyping) of computational models by researchers. However, MATLAB-developed codes are seldom used for large-scale simulations (after initial development is complete) due to their computational inefficiency. Hence, a computationally efficient implementation of LGDM using MATLAB vectorization is presented in this work. The choice of LGDM (as the fracture modeling method) is based on its thermodynamically consistent formulation built upon the micromorphic framework. Moreover, the non-linear coupled field formulation of LGDM makes it suitable for testing the computational efficiency of vectorized MATLAB implementation in a non-linear finite element setting. It is shown in this work that the vectorized MATLAB implementation can save significant computational resources and time as compared to non-vectorized implementations (that are parallelized with MATLAB parfor). The vectorized MATLAB implementation is tested by solving numerical problems in 1D, 2D and 3D on a consumer-grade PC, demonstrating the capability of vectorized implementation to run simulations efficiently on systems with limited resources. The sample source codes are provided as supplementary materials that would be helpful to researchers working on similar coupled field models. MATLAB ; Computer science ; Computational science ; Vectorization (mathematics) ; Field (mathematics) ; Implementation ; SIMD ; Parallel computing ; Algorithm ; Computer engineering ; Programming language ; Mathematics Nonlocal and gradient elasticity in micro/nano structures ; Microstructure and mechanical properties ; Numerical methods in engineering
Authors: Mahmoud A. Mahrous | Charul Chadha | Pei L. Robins | Christian Bonney | Kingsley A. Boateng | Marc A. Meyers | Iwona Jasiuk
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2023-06-23)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Multimodule imaging of the hierarchical equine hoof wall porosity and structure Abstract The equine hoof wall has a complex, hierarchical structure that can inspire designs of impact-resistant materials. In this study, we utilized micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) and serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) to image the microstructure and nanostructure of the hoof wall. We quantified the morphology of tubular medullary cavities by measuring equivalent diameter, surface area, volume, and sphericity. High-resolution μ-CT revealed that tubules are partially or fully filled with tissue near the exterior surface and become progressively empty towards the inner part of the hoof wall. Thin bridges were detected within the medullary cavity, starting in the middle section of the hoof wall and increasing in density and thickness towards the inner part. Porosity was measured using three-dimensional (3D) μ-CT, two-dimensional (2D) μ-CT, and a helium pycnometer, with the highest porosity obtained using the helium pycnometer (8.07%), followed by 3D (3.47%) and 2D (2.98%) μ-CT. SBF-SEM captured the 3D structure of the hoof wall at the nanoscale, showing that the tubule wall is not solid, but has nano-sized pores, which explains the higher porosity obtained using the helium pycnometer. The results of this investigation provide morphological information on the hoof wall for the future development of hoof-inspired materials and offer a novel perspective on how various measurement methods can influence the quantification of porosity. Hoof ; Porosity ; Materials science ; X-ray microtomography ; Sphericity ; Scanning electron microscope ; Microstructure ; Biomedical engineering ; Composite material ; Anatomy ; Optics ; Medicine High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior ; Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics ; Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology
Authors: Stanka Baycheva | Zlatin Zlatev | Petya Veleva
Source: BIO Web of Conferences (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Influence of unregulated storage conditions on physico-chemical, organoleptic and NIR spectral characteristics of yellow cheese In the present work, software and hardware tools are proposed for determining the change in the main characteristics of Bulgarian yellow cheese during storage in conditions not regulated by the manufacturers. NIR images in the 800-1100 nm range of yellow cheese samples from 3 manufacturers were obtained using a GT-903 video camera with the IR-filter removed from the camera lens. Several physicochemical characteristics of the product were determined - active acidity, electrical conductivity and completely dissolved solids. Data from organoleptic evaluation of the product are presented. Using ABC- XYZ analysis, informative wavelengths are selected from the spectral features. Spectral indices calculated as ratios of the reflectance coefficients of selected wavelengths were defined and used to predict the storage characteristics of yellow cheese. It has been found that the shelf life of yellow cheese can be predicted with an accuracy of up to 95%, and the active acidity with an accuracy of up to 88%, depending on the manufacturer. The obtained results can be used for analyzes of yellow cheese during its storage and applied in automatic measurement and control systems, as well as in advisory systems for evaluating the quality of yellow cheese in the different stages of its production, transport and storage. Organoleptic ; Shelf life ; Environmental science ; Filter (signal processing) ; Process engineering ; Wavelength ; Food science ; Pulp and paper industry ; Remote sensing ; Materials science ; Chemistry ; Computer science ; Optoelectronics ; Computer vision ; Engineering Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Probiotics and Fermented Foods ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
Authors: Fatemeh Heidari Soureshjani | Mathias Hall-Andersen | MohammadMahdi Jahanara | Jaimie Hoh Kam | Jan Gorzny | Mohsen Ahmadvand
Source: PolyPublie (École Polytechnique de Montréal) (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Automated Analysis of Halo2 Circuits Zero-knowledge proof systems are becoming increasingly prevalent and being widely used to secure decentralized financial systems and protect the privacy of users. Given the sensitivity of these applications, zero-knowledge proof systems are a natural target for formal verification methods. We describe methods for checking one such proof system: Halo2. We use abstract interpretation and an SMT solver to check various properties of Halo2 circuits. Using abstract interpretation, we can detect unused gates, unconstrained cells, and unused columns. Using an SMT solver, we can detect under-constrained circuits (in the sense that for the same public input they have two efficiently computable satisfying assignments). This is the first work we are aware of that applies lightweight formal methods to PLONKish arithmetization and Halo2 circuits. Electronic circuit ; Computer science ; Engineering ; Electrical engineering Machine Learning in Materials Science
Authors: Yu Liu | Xianqing Huang
Source: International journal of food science and agriculture (article, 2023-10-18)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Application of Multispectral Imaging Technology in Food Quality and Safety Inspection This paper investigates the application of multispectral imaging technology in food quality and safety detection. The principle of multispectral imaging technology is introduced, showcasing its capability to capture and analyze the spectral information of food samples across different wavelengths. The application of multispectral imaging technology in food quality detection is discussed, encompassing ripeness and texture detection. It includes the assessment of fruit and vegetable ripeness, as well as the analysis of meat and seafood textures. Moreover, the detection of pesticide residues in agricultural products and chemical pollutants in food is explored. Multispectral imaging technology provides a non-destructive and efficient method to identify and quantify such contaminants, ensuring the safety of the food supply chain. Furthermore, the application of multispectral imaging technology in food safety detection is analyzed. This involves the identification of pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria and viruses, which pose a health risk. Multispectral imaging enables rapid and accurate detection, aiding in the prevention of foodborne illnesses. Additionally, the assessment of contaminants in food, such as the presence of harmful substances or additives, is addressed. Multispectral imaging enables the identification and monitoring of these contaminants, thereby contributing to the overall food safety measures. In summary, the utilization of multispectral imaging technology offers great potential for enhancing food quality and safety detection, ensuring the delivery of safe and healthy food products to consumers. Multispectral image ; Food safety ; Environmental science ; Computer science ; Remote sensing ; Artificial intelligence ; Geography ; Medicine Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Identification and Quantification in Food
Authors: István Ember
Source: Hadmérnök (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Additív eljárással készült lineáris vágótöltetek működésének vizsgálata Napjaink egyik rohamosan fejlődő területe a 3D nyomtatás, amely több évtizedes múltra tekint vissza, mégis csak most lett széles körben elterjedt. Az additív eljárások sok lehetőséget biztosítanak alkatrészek készítésére. Az egyik ilyen terület, ahol alkalmazni lehet ezt a gyártási módszert, a robbantástechnika. Az egyedi töltetek és a kumulatív robbantási feladatok területén jelentős mozgásteret ad ez a technológia, azonban az alacsony sűrűségű alapanyagok esetében nem minden részterületen rendelkezünk kellő tapasztalattal. A bemutatott tesztben sikerült több ilyen töltet működését megvizsgálni robbantás után a céltárgyak elemzésével. Többek között az optimális vágáshoz szükséges távolságot is sikerült azonosítani, ami hasznos ismeret lesz a további töltetek tervezésénél. Physics ; Agricultural science ; Political science ; Humanities ; Philosophy ; Biology High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior ; Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes ; Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
Authors: M.S. Anosov | D.A. Ryabov | M.A. Chernigin | A.A. Solovyov
Source: Vestnik of Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University (article, 2023-06-27)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF THE ACCUMULATION OF FATIGUE DAMAGE IN STEEL Sv-09G2S PRODUCED BY WIRE ARC ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING Welding ; Arc (geometry) ; Gas tungsten arc welding ; Gas metal arc welding ; Weldability Material Properties and Applications ; Polymer Science and Applications ; Engineering Technology and Methodologies
Authors: James T Isaacs | Philip J Almeter | Aaron N Hunter | Thomas A Lyman | Stephanie P Zapata | Bradley S Henderson | Seth A Larkin | Lindsey M Long | Megan N Bossle | Smaran A Bhaktawara | Matthew F Warren | Austin M Lozier | Joshua D Melson | Savannah R Fraley | Eunice Hazzel L Relucio | Margaret A Felix | Jeffrey W Reynolds | Ryan W. Naseman | Thomas L Platt | Robert A. Lodder
Source: PubMed (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Assessment of Vecuronium Quality Using Near-Infrared Spectrometry This study employed Fourier Transform near-infrared spectrometry to assess the quality of vecuronium bromide, a neuromuscular blocking agent. Spectral data from two lots of vecuronium were collected and analyzed using the BEST metric, principal component analysis (PCA) and other statistical techniques. The results showed that there was variability between the two lots and within each lot. Several outliers in the spectral data suggested potential differences in the chemical composition or sample condition of the vials. The outliers were identified and their spectral features were examined. A total of eight unique outliers were found in the PC space from PCs 1 to 9, so 22% of the total vials were outliers. The study findings suggest that the manufacturing process of vecuronium bromide may have been operating outside of a state of process control. Further investigation is needed to determine the source of these variations and their impact on the safety and efficacy of the drug product. Outlier ; Principal component analysis ; Computer science ; Metric (unit) ; Chemistry ; Artificial intelligence ; Engineering ; Operations management Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals ; Fault Detection and Control Systems
Authors: Maurizio Grasselli | Andrea Poiatti
Source: Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems - S (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A phase-field system arising from multiscale modeling of thrombus biomechanics in blood vessels: Local well-posedness in dimension two We consider a phase-field model which describes the interactions between the blood flow and the thrombus. The latter is supposed to be a viscoelastic material. The potential describing the cohesive energy of the mixture is assumed to be of Flory-Huggins type (i.e. logarithmic). This ensures the boundedness from below of the dissipation energy. In the two dimensional case, we prove the local (in time) existence and uniqueness of a strong solution, provided that the two viscosities of the pure fluid phases are close enough. We also show that the order parameter remains strictly separated from the pure phases if it is so at the initial time. Uniqueness ; Viscoelasticity ; Dissipation ; Dimension (graph theory) ; Logarithm ; Phase (matter) ; Field (mathematics) ; Mathematics ; Mathematical analysis ; Statistical physics ; Mechanics ; Classical mechanics ; Physics ; Thermodynamics ; Pure mathematics Solidification and crystal growth phenomena ; Advanced Mathematical Modeling in Engineering ; Magnetic Properties and Applications
Authors: Jutta Albus | Kirsten Hollmann-Schröter
Source: Architecture Structures and Construction (article, 2023-01-26)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Prototypical approach for an individualized standardization process in the context of intelligent construction and automation Abstract Strategies based on an optimal balance between standardization and individualization must be implemented to successfully overcome the current low level of automation in building construction. Project-specific adaptability can be ensured by a combination of automated machine technology and digital planning tools available today. In addition to achieving economic advantages, the focus is on improving sustainability factors, which concern both material consumption and functionality and improved use of resources and energy for building production and operation. The results of research into “lightweight aerogel concrete technology” has shown that an innovative liquid material mixture with insulating properties can be successfully implemented in an automated production process. An adaptive system for standardized wall, ceiling, and floor panels was developed, which can adapt to specific functionality needs and thus address the requirements of individual building tasks while keeping economic as well as architectural factors in mind. The advanced mono-material complies with current European regulations for insulated wall structures, considering the requirements for load-bearing capacity. Due to its homogeneous insulation effect across the entire element section, the aero lightweight concrete allows for intelligent detailing and connection principles and prevents the formation of thermal bridges. The relationship between material composition, material production, construction method, and building operation is essential for a circular planning process. Robotization as a multiple fabrication technology may facilitate these parameters in one cycle. The new technology allows for the crucial transition from research to an end-to-end construction workflow that maps the entire process chain, from concept planning to design and joining principles up to fabrication and assembly. Standardization ; Process (computing) ; Workflow ; Building automation ; Automation ; Context (archaeology) ; Systems engineering ; Computer science ; Material efficiency ; Adaptability ; Engineering ; Manufacturing engineering ; Mechanical engineering Aerogels and thermal insulation ; BIM and Construction Integration
Authors: Аlyona Lovska | Ján Dižo | Ihor Prokopovych | Oksana Zharovа | Serhii Voronenko
Source: Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies (article, 2023-12-21)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Detecting the effect of an intermediate adapter on the load of the bearing structure of an open wagon The object of the research is the processes of occurrence, perception, and redistribution of loads in the load-bearing structure of an open wagon body, taking into account the use of an intermediate adapter. To reduce the vertical dynamic loads acting on the supporting structure of the railroad car, it is suggested to use an intermediate adapter between the frame and the load. The dynamic load of the supporting structure of the open wagon was modeled, taking into account the use of an intermediate adapter. The research was carried out in the vertical plane during the oscillations of the bouncing of the car. The results of the calculations showed that the acceleration acting in the center of mass of the supporting structure of the open wagon is 4.2 % lower than that acting on the supporting structure of the open wagon without using an adapter. The obtained acceleration results are taken into account when determining the strength of the supporting structure of the open wagon. It was established that the use of an intermediate adapter contributes to the reduction of stresses in the supporting structure of the open wagon by 6 % compared to the typical scheme of cargo transportation. A feature of the results is that the proposed solution to reduce the dynamic load of the supporting structure of the car can be implemented without improving its design. The field of practical use of the results is the engineering industry, in particular, railroad transport. The conditions for the practical use of the research results are the placement of the adapter over the entire floor area of the car body. The research will contribute to devising recommendations on reducing the load on the load-bearing structures of cars, the costs of their unplanned repairs, and to increasing the efficiency of railroad transport operation Adapter (computing) ; Structural engineering ; Computer science ; Dynamic load testing ; Acceleration ; Engineering ; Automotive engineering ; Simulation ; Electrical engineering ; Physics Material Properties and Failure Mechanisms ; Railway Engineering and Dynamics ; Industrial Engineering and Technologies
Authors: O. Borodina | Thomas G. Williams | Mattia C. Sormani | Sharon E. Meidt | Eva Schinnerer
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-06-30)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

On the Tremaine-Weinberg method: how much can we trust gas tracers to measure pattern speeds? Pattern speeds are a fundamental parameter of the dynamical features (e.g. bars, spiral arms) of a galaxy, setting resonance locations. Pattern speeds are not directly observable, so the Tremaine-Weinberg (TW) method has become the most common method used to measure them in galaxies. However, it has not been tested properly whether this method can straightforwardly be applied to gas tracers, despite this being widely done in the literature. When applied to observations, the TW method may return invalid results, which are difficult to diagnose due to a lack of ground truth for comparison. Although some works applying the TW method to simulated galaxies exist, only stellar populations have been tested. Therefore, here we explore the applicability of the TW method for gas gracers, by applying it to hydrodynamical simulations of galaxies, where we know the true value of the bar pattern speed. We perform some simple tests to see if the TW method has a physically reasonable output. We add different kinds of uncertainties (e.g. in position angle or flux) to the data to mock observational errors based on the magnitude of uncertainty present in the observations. Second, we test the method on 3D simulations with chemical networks. We show that in general, applying TW to observations of gas will not recover the true pattern speed. These results have implications for many "pattern speeds" reported in the literature, and based on these tests we also give some best practices for measuring pattern speeds using gas tracers going forwards. Galaxy ; Measure (data warehouse) ; Position (finance) ; Observable ; Spiral galaxy ; Physics ; Bar (unit) ; Statistical physics ; Astrophysics ; Computer science ; Meteorology ; Data mining Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena ; Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
Authors: Zhouyiao Zou | Haian Qiu | Fangyuan Tian | Cuizhe Kuang | Weiming He | Fusheng Zhou | Yu Gu | Haomin Ma | Ruan You-de | Zhiming Huang
Source: Applied Sciences (article, 2023-10-15)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Stress Measurements of GIS Epoxy Composite with Transverse Waves Based on the Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Method The mechanical reliability of the gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear (GIS) is critical to the safe and stable operation of a power system. The internal stress induced in GIS insulators, which typically lead to cracking, can degrade the mechanical properties and compromise the reliability of the GIS. In this work, ultrasonic nondestructive measurements of the internal stress in a GIS 126 kV epoxy composite with the transverse waves are demonstrated for the first time. Our results show that the velocities of ultrasonic transverse waves increase linearly with the compressive stress and decrease linearly with the tensile stress. The acoustoelastic coefficients are −1.18 × 10−4/MPa and −1.96 × 10−4/MPa for measurements with transverse waves polarized vertically and parallelly to stress, respectively. Based on these acoustoelastic coefficients, the internal stresses are calculated, and the maximum absolute values of relative errors are 35.4% and 26.3% for measurements with the transverse wave polarized vertically and parallelly to stress, respectively. Materials science ; Ultrasonic sensor ; Transverse plane ; Switchgear ; Composite material ; Stress (linguistics) ; Transverse wave ; Acoustics ; Structural engineering ; Electrical engineering ; Physics ; Engineering High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation ; Non-Destructive Testing Techniques