jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: N.M. Bilyavyna, V.Z. Turkevych, D.A. Stratiichuk, A.M. Kuryliuk, and O.I. Nakonechna
Source: Progress in Physics of Metals (article, 2024-12-01)
Field: Materials Science — Ceramics and Composites

On the Formation of Solid Solutions at Thermobaric Sintering of PcBN Composites of cBN–MeN–Al and cBN–MeC–Al Systems Using the x-ray diffraction method, we study in detail a series of polycrystalline cu bic boron nitride (PcBN) composites of the cBN-{TiN, ZrN, HfN, VN, NbN}-Al and cBN-{TiC, ZrC, HfC, VC, NbC, TaC}-Al systems (with a charge composition of 60 : 35 : 5 vol.%) sintered at high pressures and high temperatures (HPHT): 7.7 GPa, 1600-2450 C.As shown, the crystal structure of each nitride MeN or carbide MeC (Me = Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta) existing in these composites belongs to a modified NaCl-type structure with the additional position for nitrogen atoms that results in the accumulation of N-atoms' excess in the near-surface layers of composites.Al atoms of the charge are embedded into the MeC crystal lattice at certain sintering temperatures forming substitutional solid solutions based on a relevant metal Me.The existence ranges of temperature and composition of MeN 1 + d , MeCN d , and Me 1 - x Al x CN d solid solutions formed at HPHT sintering are determined.As shown, the crystal-structure features revealed in these solid solutions are in a good agreement with theoretical assumptions on the solid-phase interaction of the charge components at sintering.Thus, the accumulation of nitrogen in MeN and MeC phases is described within the atomistic diffusion model.Using the data on the excess of N in nitrides as the reference values, the main parameters of nitrogen diffusion (activation energy and rate constant) within the cBN-{TiN, HfN, VN, NbN}-Al composites are determined.The formation of Al solid solutions at cer- Materials science ; Sintering ; Composite material Advanced ceramic materials synthesis ; Advanced materials and composites ; Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
Authors: N. A. Makovskaya | T. G. Leontieva | A. A. Baklay | D. A. Kuzmuk
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Physical-Technical Series (article, 2024-10-07)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Effect of mineralized solution on protective properties of clays in radioactive waste isolation In this paper there were studied the mineral composition and sorption properties as well as filtration properties of natural clay samples from “Gorodnoe” deposit of Brest region and “Markovskoe” deposit of Gomel region. It was determined that clay mineral montmorillonite of the samples contains illite phase in the structure, which is 4,8 wt.% in “Gorodnoe” sample and 3,6 wt.% in “Markovskoe” sample. The illite phase was shown to contain highly selective sorption sites for 137 Cs. 85 Sr sorption mostly takes place on montmorillonite. It was determined that model mineralized solution (the solution imitating chemical composition of water solution if water penetrates a radioactive waste disposal and consequently passes through concrete, Na-bentonite and again concrete layers) doesn’t affect 137 Cs sorption, but significantly affects 85 Sr sorption. Distribution coefficients (K d ) of 137 Cs sorption on studied clay samples are higher than 10 3 dm 3 /kg, indicating high sorption properties of the clays towards 137 Cs. K d 85 Sr for sorption on the clay samples in the model mineralized solution is 30 times lower than Kd 137 Cs mostly because of competition between strontium and calcium ions. It was determined that filtration coefficient values of clays from “Gorodnoe” and “Markovskoe” deposits are 2,4 and 1,3 times higher after being treated with the model mineralized solution than the filtration coefficient values for raw clay samples. Hence, the clay from “Markovskoe” deposit is more resistant to the influence of the model mineralized solution than the clay from “Gorodnoe” deposit. The overall results of the research state that the clay from “Markovskoe” deposit can be used in the underlying layer of low- and medium-level radioactive waste disposal facility at NPP. Radioactive waste ; Isolation (microbiology) ; Environmental science ; Waste management ; Chemistry ; Nuclear chemistry ; Engineering ; Microbiology Radioactive element chemistry and processing ; Chemical Synthesis and Characterization ; Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies
Authors: Erich Müller | Anita Z. Schwartz | Yolita M. Eggeler
Source: BIO Web of Conferences (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Electron-beam-induced surface diffusion of contaminants and growth of carbon contamination Contamination ; Diffusion ; Cathode ray ; Carbon fibers ; Materials science ; Environmental chemistry ; Environmental science ; Electron ; Chemistry ; Physics ; Composite material ; Biology ; Ecology ; Nuclear physics ; Thermodynamics Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques ; Ion-surface interactions and analysis ; Advancements in Photolithography Techniques
Authors: Yufeng Wang | Bo Sun
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-05-30)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Anomalously Strong Size Effect on Thermal Conductivity of Diamond Microparticles Diamond has the known highest thermal conductivity of around \SI{2000}{\watt\per\meter\per\kelvin} and is therefore widely used for heat dissipation. In practical applications, synthetic diamond microparticles are usually assumed to have similar thermal conductivity to that of bulk diamond because the particle size is larger than theoretical phonon mean free path so that boundary scattering of heat-carrying phonons is absent. In this report, we find the thermal conductivity of diamond microparticles anomalously depends on their sizes. Thermal conductivity of diamond microparticles increases from \SI{400}{\watt\per\meter\per\kelvin} to \SI{2000}{\watt\per\meter\per\kelvin} with the size growing from \SI{20}{\micro\meter} to \SI{300}{\micro\meter}. We attribute the abnormally strong size effect to the long-range defects during the growth process based on analysis of point defects, dislocations, and thermal penetration depth dependence of thermal conductivity. Our results play a vital role in the design of diamond composites and in the improvement of thermal conductivity of synthetic diamonds. Thermal conductivity ; Diamond ; Materials science ; Conductivity ; Chemical engineering ; Nanotechnology ; Composite material ; Chemistry ; Engineering ; Physical chemistry Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; Carbon Nanotubes in Composites ; Thermal properties of materials
Authors: Anudeep Reddy Vedire | Michelle S. Hoo Fatt | Akshay Kumar Pakala
Source: Multiscale and Multidisciplinary Modeling Experiments and Design (article, 2024-01-31)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Effect of temperature on post-yield behavior of PVC foams Abstract Experiments were conducted on Divinycell HCP30 foam to develop equations predicting its elastic and post-yield behavior from − 40 to + 60 °C. In these experiments, the foam was subjected to post-yield cyclic tension, compression and shear and monotonic biaxial tension and compression loading in the environmental chamber of an MTS servo-hydraulic machine. Elastic modulus and yield strength of the foam were found to decrease linearly with increasing temperature and could be expressed by a single equation in terms of room temperature properties. Post-yield behavior involved plasticity, viscoelasticity, and damage. An elastic–plastic viscoelastic damage model was used to predict post-yield behavior of the foam at different temperatures. Temperature dependent plastic hardening and viscoelastic damage functions were extracted from the experimental results and used to simulate elastic and post-yield stress–strain behavior in ABAQUS Explicit using a user-defined material subroutine. The ABAQUS user-defined material was validated with experiments on Divinycell HCP30 foam sheets at various temperatures. Good comparisons were found between ABAQUS and experimental results. Yield (engineering) ; Materials science ; Composite material Polymer Science and PVC ; Polymer Foaming and Composites ; Material Properties and Processing
Authors: Martín Ortiz Domínguez | Arturo Cruz Avilés | Eyleen B. González-Ortega | Yira Muñoz Sánchez | O. Damián-Mejía | Libia Daniella Fernández-De Dios
Source: Ingenio y Conciencia Boletín Científico de la Escuela Superior Ciudad Sahagún (article, 2024-01-05)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Evaluación de la cinética de crecimiento de las capas de Fe2B formadas sobre la superficie del acero ASTM A307 a través de dos modelos de difusión En este estudio, implementamos dos modelos sencillos para simular el crecimiento de la capa de Fe2B en el acero ASTM A307 mediante boruración. El primer modelo consideró la difusión de boro en estado estacionario, mientras que el segundo modelo incorporó efectos de régimen transitorio. En el modelo de estado estacionario, el perfil de concentración de boro dentro de la capa de Fe2B mostró linealidad. Al correlacionar el potencial químico del boro con el flujo de masa hacia el interior en la interfaz (Fe2B/sustrato), confirmamos la naturaleza parabólica del crecimiento de la capa. Ambos modelos se emplearon para determinar las energías de activación del boro, arrojando el mismo valor de aproximadamente 164 kJ·mol–1. La validación experimental de los dos modelos se llevó a cabo bajo dos condiciones adicionales de borurización (1323 K durante 1.5 y 2 h). Finalmente, los espesores de capa simulados coincidieron con los valores experimentales. Humanities ; Physics ; Art Metal Alloys Wear and Properties ; Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels ; Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
Authors: B. E. Belkerk | Amine Achour | Bertrand Garnier | M.A. Djouadi
Source: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Novel Ultrafast Transient Hot-Bridge Technique for Thermal Properties Measurement of Dielectric Thin Films This article introduces an ultrafast transient hot-bridge (THB) technique for the microscale measurement of thermal properties. The system comprises microfabricated heaters and resistance thermometers, arranged in a Wheatstone bridge configuration, deposited on sample surface. These components are used in order to generate and detect electrical pulses, leading to temperature increases on micro- and nanosecond scales. The design and performance of various probes are discussed, with an evaluation of their capabilities in terms of time response, precision, and resolution. Electrical pulses are applied via metalized probes, and the resultant temperature increases are analyzed within selected time periods ranging from 10 ns to <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$100~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>s. By ensuring a self-balanced condition for all Wheatstone bridges, the technique facilitates the detection of rapid, time-dependent changes in thermal properties due to temperature evolution or structural transformations. This innovative method enables the measurement of thermal conductivity in very thin films and demonstrates the potential for measuring thermal properties at micrometric or even nanometric scales. Transient (computer programming) ; Materials science ; Dielectric ; Ultrashort pulse ; Thermal ; Transient analysis ; Optoelectronics ; Bridge (graph theory) ; Transient response ; Temperature measurement ; Electronic engineering ; Optics ; Electrical engineering ; Computer science ; Engineering ; Physics Optical Coatings and Gratings ; Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies ; Thermal properties of materials
Authors: Shuiqing Liu | Jiahao Liang | Yang Zhang | Shuyong Duan | Xu Han
Source: Coatings (article, 2024-12-10)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Evolution from Microstructure to Macroscopic Properties: Zirconium Alloys Under Irradiation The application of zirconium alloy in nuclear reactors is supported by its excellent performance and corrosion resistance, but under the action of high-energy neutrons, the atoms in the lattice will change, resulting in the accumulation of lattice defects and the evolution of the microstructure, which not only affect the strength and shape of the material but also affect the tensile resistance, impact resistance and other mechanical properties of the zirconium alloy. Common industrial processes for the preparation of nuclear-grade zirconium sponges are discussed, the advantages, disadvantages and applications of the main production processes are summarised, and the characteristics of irradiation-induced loops are comprehensively examined, encompassing their formation mechanisms, interactions with dislocations, and the range of potential microscopic defects during irradiation. In addition, the phenomena of irradiation growth and irradiation creep and their relationship with microstructure evolution are also discussed. The effect of oxidative corrosion under irradiation has also been explored. Specifically, irradiation can aggravate the corrosion process of zirconium alloy and lead to the thickening of the corrosion layer, but the specific degree of influence is closely related to the working temperature and irradiation conditions. The comprehensive study of zirconium alloy under irradiation conditions aims to provide a scientific basis for the future design of long-life and high-reliability nuclear reactor materials and support the sustainable development of the nuclear industry. Microstructure ; Zirconium ; Materials science ; Irradiation ; Zirconium alloy ; Metallurgy ; Nuclear physics ; Physics Nuclear Materials and Properties ; Fusion materials and technologies ; Nuclear reactor physics and engineering
Authors: Rafał Ledzion | Marek Izdebski | A. Rambo
Source: Materials (article, 2024-10-31)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Measuring the Electro-Optical Kerr Effect Against the Background of Electro-Absorption Modulation in Liquids A new approach to the dynamic polarimetric method is proposed, which allows for the decoupling of electro-optical Kerr effect measurements from the electro-absorption effect in partially transparent liquids. The method is illustrated by using the results of engine oil measurements as a function of temperature and modulating field frequency. It was shown that the birefringence induced in the sample, the modulation of the ordinary wave transmission, and the modulation of the extraordinary wave transmission in the sample can be shifted in phase with respect to the square of the applied alternating modulating field. Each of these three phase shifts can depend differently on the temperature and frequency. Neglecting the influence of electro-absorption on electro-optical measurements in liquids or considering electro-absorption as an effect correlated in phase with induced birefringence may lead to significant measurement errors. This indicates that the Kerr constant and the electro-absorption coefficients for an alternating electric field should be considered as complex quantities instead of real values, as they have been traditionally. The proposed approach fills an important gap in measurement techniques described in the literature, which may provide erroneous results for measurements of the Kerr constant in partially transparent liquids including many industrially important liquids. Birefringence ; Kerr effect ; Materials science ; Absorption (acoustics) ; Optics ; Electric field ; Decoupling (probability) ; Cross-phase modulation ; Magneto-optic Kerr effect ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Phase (matter) ; Phase modulation ; Modulation (music) ; Physics ; Chemistry ; Phase noise ; Acoustics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Electrochemical Analysis and Applications ; Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
Authors: Axel Wohleber | Camille Blouzon | Julien Witwicky | Patrick Ginot | Nicolas C. Jourdain | Roberto Grilli
Source: Limnology and Oceanography Methods (article, 2024-11-27)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

A membrane inlet laser spectrometer for in situ measurement of triple water isotopologues Abstract We describe a novel compact autonomous in situ sensor for semi‐continuous measurement of water isotopes (δD, δ 18 O, and δ 17 O) in liquid water. The sensor relies on a dual‐inlet water vapor injection system based on the pervaporation through a semi‐permeable membrane, and on the water vapor composition analysis using a dedicated optical feedback cavity enhanced absorption spectrometer. The sensor has dimensions of 165 mm diameter and 550 mm long, for a weight of ∼ 8 kg. A titanium casing allows applications down to 6000 m deep for a total effective weight of 45 (23) kg in air (water). It has a power consumption of ∼ 40 W, and an autonomy of 10–12 h which is ensured by a dedicated Li‐ion battery pack. The sensor is equipped with single‐pair high‐speed digital subscriber line communication for telemetry purposes. The instrument provides an accuracy of 0.3‰ (2 σ ) for all water isotopes with a 9‐min integration time. The instrument is suitable for investigating the freshwater cycle in the ocean, and in particular the transformation of ocean water masses related to iceberg and ice shelf melting. Isotopologue ; Spectrometer ; Water vapor ; Environmental science ; Inlet ; Materials science ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Chemistry ; Optics ; Environmental chemistry ; Physics ; Meteorology ; Geology ; Oceanography Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research ; Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
Authors: Shuyang Jia | Guifeng Zhu | Yang Zou | Jian Guo | Zhenghao Xu | Siqin Hu | Hongjie Xu
Source: International Journal of Energy Research (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

The Study of Continuous Core Zoning to Extend the Graphite Component Irradiation Lifespan in Molten Salt Reactor Graphite is widely used in molten salt reactors (MSRs) because of its excellent properties. However, the irradiation lifespan of graphite in MSR is much shorter than the life of a conventional nuclear power plant, which lowers the load factor and increases the economic burden. In this paper, to extend the graphite irradiation lifespan, one uniform radial fast neutron field was designed by changing the fuel distribution in different radial fuel channels, which is called continuous core zoning. A positive correlation correction algorithm was used to adjust the fuel volumetric fraction (VF) of each zone. The optimization was carried out among different reactor sizes and different thicknesses of the reflector to study flattening characteristics. After optimization, the difference in fast neutron flux between different zones of the flattened region was less than 1%. Compared to the unoptimized case, the peak value of the fast neutron flux can be most reduced by 48.6%. The study employed a single‐channel heat transfer model to investigate the temperature distribution within the both pre‐ and postoptimization core structure. The flow matching inlet condition and the average velocity inlet condition were considered. The results showed that to eliminate hot spots, a flow matching design is needed; otherwise, the temperature will rise greatly. Then the lifetime of graphite was calculated by combining fast neutron flux and temperature. Under average velocity inlet condition, graphite lifespan in CORE550‐20 increased from 11.4 years of the unoptimized core to 18.9 years of the optimized core, only representing a 66% enhancement due to higher temperatures. Under flow matching conditions, the lifespan of graphite in CORE450‐00 can be extended from 13.3 years of the unoptimized core to 26.8 years of the optimized core, indicating a 102% improvement. Graphite ; Component (thermodynamics) ; Molten salt ; Zoning ; Molten salt reactor ; Core (optical fiber) ; Salt (chemistry) ; Materials science ; Irradiation ; Nuclear engineering ; Chemical engineering ; Environmental science ; Chemistry ; Metallurgy ; Engineering ; Thermodynamics ; Composite material ; Physics ; Nuclear physics ; Organic chemistry ; Civil engineering Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies ; Nuclear and radioactivity studies ; Nuclear reactor physics and engineering
Authors: Xuanye Liu | Hui Gao | Peng Song | Ching‐Ming Wei | Nuertai Jiazila | Jian Sun | Chengze Du | Hui Guo | Yanfeng Guo | Haitao Yang | Lihong Bao | Sokrates T. Pantelides | Hong-Jun Gao
Source: Nano Research (article, 2024-06-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A ferroelectric semiconductor floating-gate transistor based on van der Waals heterostructures With the explosive expansion of information, there is a growing need for non-volatile memories with high storage density and<strong> </strong>reconfigurability. Emerging two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectric materials enable the design of various high-performance functional devices that can potentially address these challenges. Here we report a ferroelectric semiconductor floating-gate transistor based on an α-In<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>/h-BN/multi-layered graphene (MLG) van der Waals heterostructure on a SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si substrate. Thanks to the coexistence of both out-of-plane and in-plane polarizations in an α-In<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> channel, pairs of polarization-modulated channel resistance states can be successfully generated between the floating-gate-modulated on and off states, which can be programmed by either vertical gate pulses or planar drain pulses. These features enable a 2-bit multi-level memory in both three-terminal or two-terminal operational modes, significantly increasing the storage density and reconfigurability. The present results introduce a new design degree of freedom for floating-gate memories and provide fresh insights into future non-volatile memory technologies. van der Waals force ; Heterojunction ; Ferroelectricity ; Semiconductor ; Transistor ; Materials science ; Condensed matter physics ; Optoelectronics ; Nanotechnology ; Physics ; Quantum mechanics ; Voltage ; Dielectric Graphene research and applications ; Mechanical and Optical Resonators ; Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
Authors: Xin Liao | Xingyu Liu | An-Qi Wang | Qing Yin | Tong-Yang Zhao | Zhi‐Min Liao
Source: Physical Review Applied (article, 2024-11-26)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Nonlinear valley and spin valves in bilayer graphene Nonlinear transport plays a vital role in probing the quantum geometry of Bloch electrons, valley chirality, and carrier scattering mechanisms. The nonlinear Hall effect, characterized by a nonlinear scaling of Hall voltage with longitudinal current, has been explored to reveal the Berry curvature and quantum metric--related physics. In this work, we extend the study of nonlinear transport to spin and valley degrees of freedom. Using bilayer graphene devices with ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{Ge}\mathrm{Te}}_{2}$ contacts, we observe a second-order nonlinear spin current exhibiting spin-valve-like behavior. By tracking magnetic moment precession under an in-plane magnetic field, we identify a significantly enhanced critical magnetic field required for in-plane rotation, suggesting out-of-plane valley polarization induced by ferromagnetic proximity. These findings offer deep insights into the interplay of valley and spin in second-order nonlinear transport, opening avenues for promising device applications. Bilayer graphene ; Nonlinear system ; Graphene ; Condensed matter physics ; Spin (aerodynamics) ; Bilayer ; Materials science ; Physics ; Nanotechnology ; Membrane ; Quantum mechanics ; Chemistry ; Thermodynamics Graphene research and applications ; 2D Materials and Applications ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research