jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Pengfei Li | Fan Yang | Peng Wang | Jinfeng Zhao | Zheng Zhong
Source: Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (article, 2022-11-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

A novel design scheme for acoustic cloaking of complex shape based on region partitioning and multi-origin coordinate transformation Abstract Acoustic cloaking is an important application of acoustic metamaterials. This article proposes a novel design scheme for acoustic cloaking based on the region partitioning and multi-origin coordinate transformation. The cloaked region is partitioned into multiple narrow strips. For each strip, a local coordinate system is established with the local origin located at the strip center, and a coordinate transformation in the local coordinate system is conducted to squeeze the material along the strip length direction to form the cloaked region. To facilitate the implementation of the acoustic cloak, the multilayer effective medium is used to approximate the non-uniform anisotropic material parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed coordinate transformation method is verified by comparing the results from our method with those in the literature. Firstly, the results of a circular acoustic cloak in the literature are reproduced by using our finite element (FE) simulations for validation. Then, a comparison is made between the traditional coordinate transformation scheme and our new scheme for simulating an elliptical acoustic cloak. The results indicate that the proposed multi-origin coordinate transformation method has a better cloaking effect on the incident wave along the ellipse minor axis direction than the traditional method. This means that for the same object, an appropriate transformation scheme can be selected for different incident wave directions to achieve the optimal control effect. The validated scheme is further used to design an arch-shaped cloak composed of an upper semicircular area and a lower rectangular area, by combining the traditional single-centered coordinate transformation method for the semicircular area and the proposed multi-origin method for the rectangular area. The results show that the designed cloak can effectively control the wave propagation with significantly reduced acoustic pressure level. This work provides a flexible acoustic cloak design method applicable for arbitrary shapes and different wave incident directions, enriching the theory of acoustic cloaking based on coordinate transformation. Cloak ; Cloaking ; Coordinate system ; Transformation (genetics) ; Ellipse ; Metamaterial ; Curvilinear coordinates ; Computer science ; Acoustics ; Ellipsoid ; Optics ; Geometry ; Physics ; Mathematics ; Artificial intelligence Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
Authors: Patricia Skowronek | Florian Krohs | Markus Lubeck | Georg Wallmann | Ericka C M Itang | Polina Koval | Maria Wahle | Marvin Thielert | Florian Meier | Sander Willems | Oliver Raether | Matthias Mann
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2022-11-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Synchro-PASEF allows precursor-specific fragment ion extraction and interference removal in data-independent acquisition ABSTRACT Data-independent acquisition (DIA) methods have become increasingly popular in mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics because they enable continuous acquisition of fragment spectra for all precursors simultaneously. However, these advantages come with the challenge of correctly reconstructing the precursor-fragment relationships in these highly convoluted spectra for reliable identification and quantification. Here we introduce a scan mode for the combination of trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) with parallel accumulation – serial fragmentation (PASEF) that seamlessly and continuously follows the natural shape of the ion cloud in ion mobility and peptide precursor mass dimensions. Termed synchro-PASEF, it increases the detected fragment ion current several-fold at sub-second cycle times. Consecutive quadrupole selection windows move synchronously through the mass and ion mobility range, defining precursor-quadrupole relationships. In this process, the quadrupole slices through the peptide precursors, which separates fragment ion signals of each precursor into adjacent synchro-PASEF scans. This precisely defines precursor – fragment relationships in ion mobility and mass dimensions and effectively deconvolutes the DIA fragment space. Importantly, the partitioned parts of the fragment ion transitions provide a further dimension of specificity via a lock and key mechanism. This is also advantageous for quantification, where signals from interfering precursors in the DIA selection window do not affect all partitions of the fragment ion, allowing to retain only the specific parts for quantification. Overall, we establish the defining features of synchro-PASEF and explore its potential for proteomic analyses. Ion-mobility spectrometry ; Fragmentation (computing) ; Mass spectrometry ; Ion ; Chemistry ; Fragment (logic) ; Quadrupole ; Synchro ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Computer science ; Chromatography ; Physics ; Atomic physics ; Algorithm Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Authors: Sean Molesky | Pengning Chao | Jewel Mohajan | Wesley F. Reinhart | Heng Chi | Alejandro W. Rodríguez
Source: Physical Review Research (article, 2022-01-10)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">T</mml:mi></mml:math>-operator limits on optical communication: Metaoptics, computation, and input-output transformations We present an optimization framework based on Lagrange duality and the scattering $\mathbb{T}$-operator of electromagnetism to construct limits on the possible features that may be imparted to a collection of output fields from a collection of given input fields, i.e., constraints on achievable optical transformations and the characteristics of structured materials as communication channels. Implications of these bounds on the performance of representative optical devices having multiwavelength or multiport functionalities are examined in the context of electromagnetic shielding, focusing, near-field resolution, and linear math kernels. Operator (biology) ; Duality (order theory) ; Context (archaeology) ; Computation ; Field (mathematics) ; Electromagnetism ; Electromagnetic shielding ; Algorithm ; Electromagnetic field ; Mathematics ; Discrete mathematics ; Physics ; Pure mathematics ; Quantum mechanics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Photonic and Optical Devices ; Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics
Authors: Guiyu Zhang | Xianguo Tuo | Shuang Zhai | Xuemei Zhu | Lin Luo | Xianglin Zeng
Source: Sensors (article, 2022-02-20)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Near-Infrared Spectral Characteristic Extraction and Qualitative Analysis Method for Complex Multi-Component Mixtures Based on TRPCA-SVM Quality identification of multi-component mixtures is essential for production process control. Artificial sensory evaluation is a conventional quality evaluation method of multi-component mixture, which is easily affected by human subjective factors, and its results are inaccurate and unstable. This study developed a near-infrared (NIR) spectral characteristic extraction method based on a three-dimensional analysis space and establishes a high-accuracy qualitative identification model. First, the Norris derivative filtering algorithm was used in the pre-processing of the NIR spectrum to obtain a smooth main absorption peak. Then, the third-order tensor robust principal component analysis (TRPCA) algorithm was used for characteristic extraction, which effectively reduced the dimensionality of the raw NIR spectral data. Finally, on this basis, a qualitative identification model based on support vector machines (SVM) was constructed, and the classification accuracy reached 98.94%. Therefore, it is possible to develop a non-destructive, rapid qualitative detection system based on NIR spectroscopy to mine the subtle differences between classes and to use low-dimensional characteristic wavebands to detect the quality of complex multi-component mixtures. This method can be a key component of automatic quality control in the production of multi-component products. Principal component analysis ; Support vector machine ; Component (thermodynamics) ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Artificial intelligence ; Curse of dimensionality ; Identification (biology) ; Computer science ; Independent component analysis ; Component analysis ; Biological system Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies ; Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
Authors: Huawei Cui | Yang Bing | Xiaodi Zhang | Zilin Wang | Longwei Li | Aimin Miao
Source: Agronomy (article, 2022-08-12)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Prediction of Maize Seed Vigor Based on First-Order Difference Characteristics of Hyperspectral Data The identification of seed vigor is of great significance to improve the seed germination rate, increase crop yield, and ensure product quality. In this study, based on a hyperspectral data acquisition system and an improved feature extraction algorithm, an identification model of the germination characteristics for corn seeds was constructed. In this research, hyperspectral data acquisition and the standard corn seed germination test for Zhengdan 958 were carried out. By integrating the hyperspectral data in the spectral range of 386.7–1016.7 nm and the first derivative information of the spectral data, the root length prediction for corn seeds was successfully completed. The data regression model and prediction relationship between the spectral characteristics and seedling root length were established by principal component regression, partial least squares, and support vector regression. The first derivative information of the hyperspectral data was obtained by comparing the prediction model results with the original spectral data, which was preprocessed by Savitzky–Golay smoothing, multiplicative scatter correction, standard normal variate, and curve fitting. The results showed that the prediction model based on the first-order differential spectral data showed better performance than the one based on the spectral data obtained by other processing algorithms. By comparing the prediction results using different data characteristics and regression models, it was found that the hyperspectral method can effectively predict the root length of the seed, with the coefficient of determination reaching 0.8319. Hyperspectral imaging ; Mathematics ; Smoothing ; Partial least squares regression ; Principal component analysis ; Regression ; Statistics ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer science Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Smart Agriculture and AI ; Remote Sensing in Agriculture
Authors: M.D. Quispe | Luís Serrano | Jesús D. Trigo | Christian Carlos Quispe Bonilla | Adolfo Poma Gutiérrez | Edgar Carlos Quispe Peña
Source: Small Ruminant Research (article, 2022-05-13)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Application of artificial intelligence and digital images analysis to automatically determine the percentage of fiber medullation in alpaca fleece samples The aim of this research is to develop and validate two computer programs based on artificial intelligence (AI) and digital image analysis (DIA) in order to determine the incidence of medullation in white alpaca fibers. Two data sets were analyzed: 76 samples of Huacaya alpaca fibers obtained from Huancavelica, Peru, and 200 samples of white alpacas of two genotypes (Huacaya, n =100; Suri, n = 100), obtained from Arequipa, Peru. The preparation of each sample followed the procedure described in IWTO-8-2011. The Pytorch framework was used to generate several training models based on the You Only Look at Once (YOLO) architecture. Circa 4000 pictures of fibers were taken and 661 of them were selected as representative. Using the LabelImg software, the fibers present in each representative picture (approximately 10 fibers/picture) were labeled as one of these two classes: either medullated or non-medullated. Subsequently, the data augmentation technique was applied to expand the data set to 3966 photographs. Thus, 90 of them were used as initial validation data, while the reaming 3876 pictures (containing a total of 23,964 labeled fibers) were used as training data. Matlab was used to develop the DIA-based software. More specifically, algorithms of pre-processing, segmentation, smoothing, skeletonization and Hough transform were implemented to detect medullated and non-medullated fibers. Correlation and linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the models. The medullation percentage results show that there is no statistically significant difference between the AI-based method and the projection microscope method (p-value = 0.668 and 0.672 for the t-student and Wilcoxon tests, respectively). Moreover, the correlation of each of the developed computer methods with the projection microscope method is very strong (r = 0.99 and 0.97). This confirms the software ability to perform the recognition of fibers with and without medullation. Similar results (p-value = 0.357) were obtained when comparing the projection microscope method and DIA-based software method. Finally, using the proposed framework, the average time required to analyze a sample was 19.44 s. As a result, this software allows the implementation of practical, precise, and efficient methodologies to determine the incidence of medullation of alpaca fibers. Artificial intelligence ; Smoothing ; Computer science ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Software ; Segmentation ; Mathematics ; Computer vision Textile materials and evaluations ; Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders ; Effects of Vibration on Health
Authors: Yan-Wei Li | Yugui Yao | Massimo Pica Ciamarra
Source: Physical Review Letters (article, 2022-06-21)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Local Plastic Response and Slow Heterogeneous Dynamics of Supercooled Liquids We demonstrate, via numerical simulations, that the relaxation dynamics of supercooled liquids correlates well with a plastic length scale measuring a particle's response to impulsive localized perturbations and weakly to measures of local elasticity. We find that the particle averaged plastic length scale vanishes linearly in temperature and controls the super-Arrhenius temperature dependence of the relaxation time. Furthermore, we show that the plastic length scale of individual particles correlates with their typical displacement at the relaxation time. In contrast, the local elastic response only correlates with the dynamics on the vibrational timescale. Supercooling ; Length scale ; Relaxation (psychology) ; Dynamics (music) ; Materials science ; Elasticity (physics) ; Arrhenius equation ; Dynamical heterogeneity ; Particle (ecology) ; Glass transition ; Statistical physics ; Condensed matter physics ; Mechanics ; Physics ; Thermodynamics ; Classical mechanics ; Polymer ; Kinetics ; Composite material Material Dynamics and Properties ; Polymer crystallization and properties ; Rheology and Fluid Dynamics Studies
Authors: Valeri Ivanov Petkov | Roberts Joffe | Patrik Fernberg
Source: Polymer Composites (article, 2022-03-03)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Thermal oxidative aging of satin weave and thin‐ply polyimide composites Abstract The weight loss and damage development of satin weave and thin‐ply carbon fiber‐reinforced polyimide composites are studied during high temperature (288 and 320°C) aging in air. Two distinct regions are identified in the weight loss measurements—a rapid initial desorption and a subsequent slower weight loss, which is attributed to matrix degradation. The initial desorption stage is modeled by combining material constitutive properties from literature, micro‐mechanics and a one‐dimensional Fickian diffusion model. Two different damage patterns are observed by using optical microscopy and X‐ray computed tomography on specimens before and after aging. Crack clusters form a network in satin weave composites, while edge delaminations are observed in thin‐ply laminates, which are known for their enhanced resistance to matrix cracking. Materials science ; Composite material ; Delamination (geology) ; Polyimide ; Cracking ; Thermal ; Matrix (chemical analysis) ; Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution ; Layer (electronics) Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Mechanical Behavior of Composites ; Polymer crystallization and properties
Authors: Mounira Elhachemi | Zoubida Chemat‐Djenni | Derradji Chebli | Abdallah Bouguettoucha | Abdeltif Amrane
Source: Inorganic Chemistry Communications (article, 2022-05-14)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Synthesis and physicochemical characterization of new calcined layered double hydroxide Mg Zn Co Al-CO3; classical modeling and statistical physics of nitrate adsorption Adsorption ; Calcination ; Hydroxide ; Endothermic process ; Nitrate ; Chemistry ; Inorganic chemistry ; Metal hydroxide ; Materials science ; Physical chemistry ; Catalysis ; Organic chemistry Layered Double Hydroxides Synthesis and Applications ; Phosphorus and nutrient management ; Magnesium Oxide Properties and Applications
Authors: Nathan Grishkewich | Yingzhan Li | Kimberly Liu | Kam Chiu Tam
Source: Journal of Polymer Research (article, 2022-06-06)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Synthesis and characterization of modified cellulose nanofibril organosilica aerogels for the removal of anionic dye Aerogel ; Adsorption ; Materials science ; Chemical engineering ; Ionic liquid ; Methyl orange ; Langmuir adsorption model ; Langmuir ; Diffusion ; Polymer chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Composite material ; Chemistry ; Catalysis Advanced Cellulose Research Studies ; Aerogels and thermal insulation ; Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
Authors: Rachid Boucetta | Zoubida Haddad | Mohammed Zamoum | Mohand Kessal | Müslüm Arıcı
Source: Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering (article, 2022-08-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Numerical investigation of wax deposition features in a pipeline under laminar flow conditions Laminar flow ; Petroleum engineering ; Pipeline (software) ; Wax ; Deposition (geology) ; Flow (mathematics) ; Geology ; Mechanics ; Environmental science ; Materials science ; Engineering ; Mechanical engineering ; Physics ; Composite material ; Geomorphology Petroleum Processing and Analysis ; Heat transfer and supercritical fluids ; Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
Authors: Krishna Jangid | Rohit Gupta | Rakesh P. Sahu | Igor Zhitomirsky | Ishwar K. Puri
Source: Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry (article, 2022-03-04)
Field: Chemistry — Electrochemistry

Influence of conductive porous electrodes on the apparent electrode kinetics of fenitrothion Electrode ; Chemistry ; Cyclic voltammetry ; Carbon nanotube ; Glassy carbon ; Electrochemistry ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Electrocatalyst ; Diffusion ; Chemically modified electrode ; Layer (electronics) ; Chemical engineering ; Working electrode ; Nanotechnology ; Materials science ; Chromatography ; Organic chemistry ; Physical chemistry Electrochemical Analysis and Applications ; Electrochemical sensors and biosensors ; Conducting polymers and applications
Authors: PENMETHSA KIRAN KUMAR | SUNKARA SATYA VENI
Source: TURKISH JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY (article, 2022-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Adsorptive removal of crystal violet from aqueous solution by ultrasonic-assisted synthesized zirconium-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate metal-organic framework Zirconium-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate metal-organic framework (Zr-NDC MOF) was prepared using ultrasound-assisted synthesis and tested for the adsorptive removal of crystal violet (CV) dye from aqueous solution. The pristine Zr-NDC was characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, elemental analysis, and dynamic light scattering techniques. The maximum percentage removal of CV dye was found to be 99.45% with an initial dye concentration of 10 mg L<sup>-1</sup>. The kinetics and adsorption isotherm models were used to investigate the removal of CV dye from aqueous solution using Zr-NDC. Langmuir adsorption isotherm model (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9880) describes the adsorption of CV dye onto Zr-NDC and the maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity (454.2 mg g<sup>-1</sup>) was achieved with the CV dye having an initial concentration of 100 mg L<sup>-1</sup>. The adsorption was found to follow pseudo-second-order kinetics (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9960) with a rate constant of 6.52 × 10<sup>-4</sup> g mg<sup>-1</sup> min<sup>-1</sup>. The effect of various parameters such as dye concentration, contact time, pH of dye solution, and MOF dose on the adsorption of dye was investigated. The study proved that the Zr-NDC is a promising adsorbent in the removal of CV dye from aqueous solution. Aqueous solution ; Adsorption ; Chemistry ; Crystal violet ; Zirconium ; Langmuir adsorption model ; Thermogravimetric analysis ; Nuclear chemistry ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; Inorganic chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Chemical engineering Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications ; Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal ; Synthesis of Tetrazole Derivatives