jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Wei Tang | Xiaobin Zhang | Chuankui Yu | Linlang Wu | Han Zhang | Chenglin Li
Source: Crystals (article, 2023-05-15)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Microstructural Evolution and Deformation Behavior of a Solution-Treated Ti-Al-Mo-Fe Metastable Beta Titanium Alloy during Room-Temperature Deformation Beta titanium (β-Ti) alloys have been widely used in aerospace and biomedical implants due to their specific strengths, low elastic modulus, and their resistance to corrosion. As β titanium alloy is a novel metastable, Ti-2Al-9.2Mo-2Fe (wt.%) alloy is essential to understand microstructural evolution and deformation behavior at room temperature to improve the strength–ductility balance. The deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of the Ti-2Al-9.2Mo-2Fe alloy during room-temperature deformation has been investigated via electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI). It was found that the β-solution-treated alloy exhibited a single β phase with a lower β stability. However, the α/β-solution-treated alloy exhibited a layered structure, consisting of fine α + β grain layers and coarse β grain layers, and the β in the coarse grain layer had a lower stability, but the β in the fine grain layer had a higher stability owing to the coexistence of α. The β-solution-treated alloy was mainly deformed via {332}&lt;113&gt; deformation twinning, thus showing very high ductility; uniform elongation of approximately 35%. The α/β-solution-treated alloy was deformed via two mechanisms, namely {332}&lt;113&gt; deformation twinning in the coarse grain layers and dislocation slip in the fine grain layers. The α/β-solution-treated alloy exhibited high strength with a lower ductility due to the small amount of deformation twinning. Materials science ; Crystal twinning ; Alloy ; Deformation (meteorology) ; Electron backscatter diffraction ; Deformation mechanism ; Metallurgy ; Titanium alloy ; Ductility (Earth science) ; Slip (aerodynamics) ; Grain boundary ; Titanium ; Microstructure ; Composite material ; Creep Titanium Alloys Microstructure and Properties ; Intermetallics and Advanced Alloy Properties ; Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals
Authors: Yunzhi Xu | Nathanial Buettner | Ange‐Therese Akono | Ping Guo
Source: MRS Communications (article, 2023-07-24)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Fabrication of fiber-reinforced composites via immersed electrohydrodynamic direct writing in polymer gels Materials science ; Electrohydrodynamics ; Composite material ; Fabrication ; Electrospinning ; Fiber ; Polymer ; Electric field Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications ; Electrohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics ; Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity
Authors: Yuanxiang Zhou | Xiaojing Yang | Yuhang Li | Guiming Jiang | Jianning Chen
Source: Energies (article, 2023-04-20)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Discharge Characteristics and Numerical Simulation of the Oil–Gas Surface under DC Voltage Low insulation strength at the oil–gas surface due to oil leakage and partial discharge of oil-immersed power equipment is a major threat to the safe and reliable operation of power systems. This paper investigates the initiation and development of the oil–gas surface discharge. The oil–gas surface discharge test platform was established, and discharge tests were carried out at different gap distances (1–2.5 mm). By coupling the electric field and flow field, the multi-layer dielectric discharge streamer model was built, and the characteristics of charge and electric field distribution at different gap distances were studied. The test results show that the liquid surface between the electrodes rises during the discharge process. Furthermore, the surface discharge voltage exceeds the air gap discharge voltage. With the simulation analysis, the oil–gas surface discharge is a typical streamer development process. Under 50 kV applied voltage and 2.5 mm gap distance, the average development speed of the streamer is 12.5 km/s. The larger the gap distance is, the greater the average streamer development speed is. The recording and numerical simulation of the discharge process are of great significance for exploring the mechanism of oil–gas surface discharge, optimizing the discharge process, and diagnosing partial discharges. Streamer discharge ; Voltage ; Partial discharge ; Electric field ; Mechanics ; Materials science ; Electric discharge in gases ; Air gap (plumbing) ; Electric discharge ; Electrode ; Environmental science ; Electrical engineering ; Composite material ; Chemistry ; Engineering ; Physics High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation ; Aerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation
Authors: Alena N. Joignant | Fan Pu | Shaun M. McLoughlin | James W. Sawicki | Andrew J. Radosevich | Renze Ma | Jon D. Williams | Sujatha M. Gopalakrishnan | Nathaniel L. Elsen
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2023-12-21)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Metabolite Fingerprinting for Phenotypic Screening by Infrared Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry ABSTRACT The adoption of mass spectrometry for high-throughput screening in drug discovery has become increasingly prevalent and has enabled label-free screening against diverse targets. Cellular assays for phenotypic screening, however, are primarily conducted by microscopy as there remain many challenges associated with conducting phenotypic screens via ultra-high throughput mass spectrometry. Following a simple on-plate extraction, infrared matrix assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) was employed to directly sample the cell lysate at a speed of one second per sample. A549 cells were treated with compounds identified as hits in literature including a recently reported glutaminase cellular screen. Among the test compounds, there were confirmed glutaminase inhibitors, proposed nuisance compounds, and cell-active but enzyme-inactive compounds. Filtered data were further processed in R for dimensionality reduction and unsupervised clustering. Though it was observed that all compounds affected the intracellular conversion of glutamine to glutamate, there were clear metabolic differences between the biochemically active compounds and the off-target hits. Moreover, two nuisance compounds were observed to cluster separately from the confirmed glutaminase inhibitors in the observed metabolite fingerprints. This proof-of-concept work establishes a complete workflow that enables highthroughput mass spectrometry-based phenotypic screening. The methods proposed herein, at the throughput enabled by IR-MALDESI, could offer a new avenue for discovery of novel drugs. Mass spectrometry ; Chemistry ; Metabolite ; Electrospray ionization ; High-throughput screening ; Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization ; Computational biology ; Chromatography ; Desorption ; Biochemistry ; Biology Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies ; Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications
Authors: Raquel Álvarez-Urdiola | José Tomás Matus | José Luis Riechmann
Source: Methods in molecular biology (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Multi-Omics Methods Applied to Flower Development Proteome ; Computational biology ; Biology ; Transcriptome ; Multicellular organism ; Shotgun ; Gene expression ; Gene ; Proteogenomics ; Genome ; Genetics Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis ; Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
Authors: Onofrio Rosario Battaglia | Aurelio Agliolo Gallitto | Giulia Termini | Claudio Fazio
Source: European Journal of Physics (article, 2023-06-07)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Affordable methods for surface tension and contact angle measurements Abstract In this paper, we present two different experiments aimed at supporting the understanding of surface phenomena at undergraduate level. In the first experiment, we measure the surface tension of several common liquids like water, oil, alcohol, etc by using a simplified custom-built Du Nouy ring apparatus. In the second experiment, the contact angle at the water-glass-air interface is estimated by means of two glass slides that form a sort of variable-size capillary. Materials and experimental apparatuses require a low budget, but the results agree very well with those reported in the literature, obtained with much more sophisticated and expensive equipment. This makes the experiments presented here suitable for educational paths aimed at understanding surface phenomena at undergraduate and even at high school level. Surface tension ; Contact angle ; Physics ; Measure (data warehouse) ; Surface (topology) ; Capillary action ; sort ; Tension (geology) ; Capillary wave ; Optics ; Mechanics ; Mechanical engineering ; Engineering physics ; Thermodynamics ; Classical mechanics ; Computer science ; Geometry ; Moment (physics) ; Engineering Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity ; Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies
Authors: Mohammad Mobarak Hossain | Shah Alimuzzaman | Dewan Murshed Ahmed
Source: Fibres and Textiles (article, 2023-05-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

TEAR AND TENSILE STRENGTH OF 100% COTTON WOVEN FABRICS’ BASIC STRUCTURES: REGRESSION MODELLING This research paper aims to estimate the tear and tensile strength of woven fabrics while considering a number of construction factors. Construction variables include ends per cm (EPCm), picks per cm (PPCm), an overall configuration of yarn, and fabric’s areal density or grams per square meter (GSM). While the statistical relationship in deciding the fabric strength is very complicated considering all variables, the correlation-regression model is used to explain the influence of structural parameters on the tear and tensile strength of various fundamental fabrics’ designs. With different thread densities varying reed counts, and heald count using 100 percent cotton yarn having 36.9 tex, eight different designs of plain, twill, and sateen are prepared for the study. Four regression models, built to predict the tear and tensile strength of the sample woven fabrics, are vital components of this research. It is noticed that the setting of yarn affects the tensile strength of the fabrics, and the fabric pattern determines the tear strength of the fabrics. For higher tear strength, matt weave, and tensile strength, a twill structure is desired within this scope of the fabric structures. Ultimate tensile strength ; Yarn ; Tear resistance ; Regression analysis ; Composite material ; Woven fabric ; Materials science ; Structural engineering ; Mathematics ; Engineering ; Statistics Textile materials and evaluations ; Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection ; Mechanical Engineering and Vibrations Research
Authors: Wei Yu | Haiyan Zhou | Ying Liu | Yutu Yang | Yinxi Shen
Source: Preprints.org (preprint, 2023-08-31)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Super-resolution Reconstruction of Particleboard Images Based on Improved SRGAN As a high-quality forestry product with excellent performance, particleboard is widely used in many fields and has great market potential. At present, it is a research difficulty to accurately identify small, fine and different shapes of defects on the whole particleboard through machine vision technology. The application of image super-resolution reconstruction technology on particleboard can improve the surface image quality of particleboard, which is conducive to the subsequent improvement of defect detection accuracy. In this study, super-resolution dense attention generative adversarial network (SRDAGAN) model was improved to solve the problem that super-resolution generative adversarial network (SRGAN) reconstructed image would produce artifacts and its performance needed to be improved. The Batch Normalization (BN) layer was removed, the convolutional block attention module (CBAM) was optimized to construct dense block, and the dense blocks were constructed by densely skip connection. Then, the corresponding 52400 image blocks with high resolution and low resolution were trained, verified and tested according to the ratio of 3:1:1. The model was comprehensively evaluated from the effect of image reconstruction and the two indexes of PSNR and SSIM. It was found that compared with BICUBIC and SRGAN, PSNR index of SRDAGAN increased by 4.88dB and 3.25dB respectively, and SSIM increased by 0.0507 and 0.1122 respectively. The reconstructed images not only had clearer texture, but also had more realistic expression of various features, and the performance of the model had been greatly improved. At the same time, this study also emphatically discussed on the image reconstruction effect with defects. The result showed that the SRDAGAN proposed in this study can complete the super-resolution reconstruction of particleboard images with high quality. In the future, it can also be further combined with defect detection for actual production to improve the quality of forestry products and increase economic benefits. Bicubic interpolation ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Block (permutation group theory) ; Image (mathematics) ; Normalization (sociology) ; Computer vision ; Image quality ; Generative adversarial network ; Superresolution ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Mathematics ; Linear interpolation Wood and Agarwood Research ; Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications ; Wood Treatment and Properties
Authors: Shubhanshi Sharma | Monica Pradhan | Anjali Yadav | Shailendra K Varshney
Source: Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Visible to Infrared Dielectric Metasurfaces and their Applications Dielectric metasurfaces, two-dimensional variant of metamaterials, have received significant attention from the scientific community due to enormous potential and ability to cater to various spectral bands of the electromagnetic spectrum and pave the way to achieve multi-functionalities in a single device, which was not possible earlier. Dielectric metasurfaces have the edge over their metallic counterparts in terms of zero-ohmic propagation losses, high efficiency, or ultra-high-quality factor and are compatible with existing CMOS technology. They support both electric and magnetic resonances in the optical domain. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of dielectric metasurfaces, encompassing visible to far-infrared wavelength regions, and discuss selective applications which may find its commercial value in the near future. Finally, we provide an outlook and perspective on dielectric metasurfaces for nonlinear and quantum applications. Metamaterial ; Dielectric ; Optoelectronics ; Infrared ; Wavelength ; Materials science ; Photonic metamaterial ; Far infrared ; Optics ; Physics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research
Authors: Tim Gould
Source: ChemRxiv (preprint, 2023-01-04)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Toward routine Kohn-Sham inversion using the "Lieb-response" approach Kohn-Sham inversion, in which the effective Kohn-Sham mean-field potential is found for a given density, provides insights into the nature of exact density functional theory (DFT) that can be exploited for the development of density functional approximations. Unfortunately, and despite significant and sustained progress in both theory and software libraries, KS inversion remains rather difficult in practice, and especially in finite basis sets. The present work presents a Kohn-Sham inversion method, dubbed the "Lieb-response" approach, that naturally works with existing Fock-matrix DFT infrastructure in finite basis sets, is numerically efficient, and directly provides meaningful matrix and energy quantities for pure-state and ensemble systems. Some additional work yields potentials. It thus enables the routine inversion of KS systems, as illustrated on a variety of problems within this work; and provides outputs that can be used for embedding schemes or machine learning of density functional approximations. Kohn–Sham equations ; Inversion (geology) ; Density functional theory ; Embedding ; Density matrix ; Computer science ; Statistical physics ; Matrix (chemical analysis) ; Mathematics ; Algorithm ; Applied mathematics ; Physics ; Quantum mechanics ; Artificial intelligence ; Materials science ; Quantum ; Geology Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Advanced Chemical Physics Studies ; Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
Authors: Cihan KARAKUZULU | İbrahim Halil Gümüş | Serkan Güldal | Mustafa Ali Yavaş
Source: Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi (article, 2023-06-26)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Determining The Number of Principal Components with Schur's Theorem in Principal Component Analysis Principal Component Analysis is a method for reducing the dimensionality of datasets while also limiting information loss. It accomplishes this by producing uncorrelated variables that maximize variance one after the other. The accepted criterion for evaluating a Principal Component’s (PC) performance is λ_j/tr(S) where tr(S) denotes the trace of the covariance matrix S. It is standard procedure to determine how many PCs should be maintained using a predetermined percentage of the total variance. In this study, the diagonal elements of the covariance matrix are used instead of the eigenvalues to determine how many PCs need to be considered to obtain the defined threshold of the total variance. For this, an approach which uses one of the important theorems of majorization theory is proposed. Based on the tests, this approach lowers the computational costs. Principal component analysis ; Covariance matrix ; Mathematics ; Majorization ; Eigenvalues and eigenvectors ; Curse of dimensionality ; Variance (accounting) ; TRACE (psycholinguistics) ; Uncorrelated ; Covariance ; Matrix (chemical analysis) ; Diagonal ; Statistics ; Dimensionality reduction ; Applied mathematics ; Combinatorics ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Blind Source Separation Techniques ; Advanced Statistical Methods and Models
Authors: Muhammad Anas Yulianto | Abdul Fadlil
Source: Control Systems and Optimization Letters (article, 2023-09-18)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Wood Type Identification System using Naive Bayes Classification Wood, a forest product and natural resource, is a raw material used to make household goods. Some types of wood have almost the same pattern or structure. Wood quality varies greatly depending on the tree species and the environmental conditions in which it grows. This makes it challenging to identify the type of wood, especially for wooden furniture users. Therefore, wood classification is essential to ensure that the wood used meets the required quality standards and requirements. Automatic classification of wood using image processing has several advantages and can make it easier for humans. One of the image processing methods for wood classification is the Naïve Bayes method. Feature extraction technique using GLCM using contrast, correlation, energy, and homogeneity attributes. The GLCM methods can be combined to create a system design to distinguish five wood species using an image-based wood type identification system. The study results have successfully designed a system to determine five types of wood using the framework of an image-based wood type identification system. An application system has been produced to distinguish five types of wood using the framework of an image-based wood type identification system with the GLCM feature extraction method and the Naive Bayes classification method. The application system successfully identified wood species with a test accuracy rate of 88%. Naive Bayes classifier ; Identification (biology) ; Type (biology) ; Artificial intelligence ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Bayes' theorem ; Computer science ; Machine learning ; Mathematics ; Bayesian probability ; Geology ; Support vector machine ; Biology ; Botany ; Paleontology Wood and Agarwood Research ; Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications ; Remote Sensing and Land Use
Authors: Chao Tang | Zhengwei Chang | Huihui Liang | Linghao Zhang | Bo Pang
Source: The Journal of Engineering (article, 2023-05-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Abnormal line loss identification system of low voltage distribution network based on HPLC communication technology Abstract Power cable is mainly responsible for the transmission and distribution of electric energy in the power grid. The performance of a power cable greatly affects the reliability and security of the power supply. In order to solve the problem of cable aging caused by long‐term operation and various internal and external factors, this paper proposes an abnormal line loss identification method for a low‐voltage distribution network station area, aiming at focusing on the monitoring of cable aging. The transmission characteristic model based on the transmission line theory and the dielectric constant model of the aging cable insulation layer is established, and the internal relationship between the transmission characteristic and the aging characteristic is analyzed. The characteristic extraction algorithm is used to extract the characteristics of the transmission characteristic curve. Through simulation analysis, for the abnormal line loss fault, the location accuracy of different fault locations is basically at the level of 0.1–0.3%. The simulation of local defects in the cable shows that the change of material dielectric constant is more clear for the characterization of cable aging. The monitoring method in this paper is helpful to provide the relevant basis for the line maintenance plan and the operation strategy of the power grid and is of great significance to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power grid. Fault (geology) ; Transmission line ; Reliability (semiconductor) ; Electric power transmission ; Power (physics) ; Transmission (telecommunications) ; Voltage ; Line (geometry) ; Power transmission ; Computer science ; Power cable ; Reliability engineering ; Electronic engineering ; Electrical engineering ; Engineering ; Telecommunications ; Materials science ; Layer (electronics) ; Mathematics High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Electrical Fault Detection and Protection ; Power Systems Fault Detection