jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Changjun Zou | Hui Luo
Source: Modelling—International Open Access Journal of Modelling in Engineering Science (article, 2026-01-21)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

GPU-Accelerated FLIP Fluid Simulation Based on Spatial Hashing Index and Thread Block-Level Cooperation The Fluid Implicit Particle (FLIP) method is widely adopted in fluid simulation due to its computational efficiency and low dissipation. However, its high computational complexity makes it challenging for traditional CPU architectures to meet real-time requirements. To address this limitation, this work migrates the FLIP method to the GPU using the CUDA framework, achieving a transition from conventional CPU computation to large-scale GPU parallel computing. Furthermore, during particle-to-grid (P2G) mapping, the conventional scattering strategy suffers from significant performance bottlenecks due to frequent atomic operations. To overcome this challenge, we propose a GPU parallelization strategy based on spatial hashing indexing and thread block-level cooperation. This approach effectively avoids atomic contention and significantly enhances parallel efficiency. Through diverse fluid simulation experiments, the proposed GPU-parallelized strategy achieves a nearly 50× speedup ratio compared to the conventional CPU-FLIP method. Additionally, in the P2G stage, our method demonstrates over 30% performance improvement relative to the traditional GPU-based particle-thread scattering strategy, while the overall simulation efficiency gains exceeding 20%. Speedup ; Thread (computing) ; CUDA ; Computation ; Search engine indexing ; Computational complexity theory ; Performance improvement Block Copolymer Self-Assembly ; Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques ; Lattice Boltzmann Simulation Studies
Authors: Valeriy G. Narushin | Michael N Romanov | Darren K. Griffin
Source: Symmetry Culture and Science (article, 2026-03-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A mathematical exposition of balance in the perception of avian egg shape and its relationship to human notions of “harmonic” structures: from symmetry to asymmetry Eggs are regarded to be harmonious and aesthetic structures, with their shape used in art, architecture, design and engineering applications. Considering that they combine many different shapes, from symmetrical (ellipsoid) to asymmetrical (though bilaterally symmetrical), we herein aimed to develop mathematical principles that allow us to formalize a definition of the degree of harmony in egg-shaped figures. Proposing a “principle of balance”, in which the basis of the most aesthetic shape demonstrated equality of volumes/projection areas in pointed and blunt ends, we developed computational dependences, with which one can select the parameters of eggs so that their shape meets these principles. We demonstrate that two famous artworks do not adhere to such principles but describe how it could, theoretically, be possible to alter the egg shapes in them so that their aesthetic perception may be reconsidered. We generated, by artificial intelligence, an egg shape defined on the condition that it most represents the most aesthetic shape to the human eye, finding that it fully complied with our balance principles. Since “harmony” is a subjective term and individual perceptions of it may vary, we consider the appropriateness of formalization in determining the degree of aesthetics of egg shape, while adhering to the general perception of a bird’s egg due to its asymmetric geometric structure. Aspects of our findings may have practical applications in agriculture, architecture, design and/or engineering. Harmony (color) ; Perception ; Balance (ability) ; Exposition (narrative) ; Asymmetry ; Degree (music) Quasicrystal Structures and Properties ; Aesthetic Perception and Analysis ; Architecture and Art History Studies
Authors: Ansari Mohammad Rehan | Ansari Mohd Farhan Mohd Saleem | Abdurrahman Mohammad Saleem
Source: Vidhyayana (article, 2026-02-27)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

&lt;b&gt;Cost-Effective Optimization Strategies for Yarn Sizing: Enhancing Efficiency and Reducing Costs&lt;/b&gt; This research presents a comprehensive investigation into cost-effective optimization strategies for yarn sizing, with a primary focus on enhancing process efficiency and reducing operational costs within the textile manufacturing sector. Through a combination of field surveys, in-depth interviews with industry professionals, and comparative analyses of both traditional and contemporary sizing methodologies, the study systematically identifies the critical factors influencing sizing performance and fabric quality. Key parameters under scrutiny include the selection of sizing materials, size pick-up percentage, viscosity of sizing baths, and the uniformity of application, all of which directly impact yarn strength, smoothness, hairiness, and weaving efficiency. The research further evaluates the increasingly important role of artificial intelligence (AI), automation, and data analytics in optimizing sizing processes. These technologies are shown to enable more precise control over process variables, reduce waste, and support data-driven decision-making for continuous improvement. In addition, the study explores sustainable alternatives to conventional sizing agents, highlighting the environmental and economic benefits of adopting eco-friendly materials and reducing chemical consumption without compromising yarn performance. Findings demonstrate that optimizing sizing formulations and process parameters can significantly enhance weaving efficiency exemplified by a notable reduction in machine stops and warp breaks while simultaneously lowering production costs and minimizing environmental impact. The study concludes with actionable recommendations for textile manufacturers to adopt advanced optimization strategies, leverage AI and automation, and integrate sustainable practices into their sizing operations. These insights provide a roadmap for future research aimed at further improving textile manufacturing efficiency and sustainability. Sizing ; Weaving ; Yarn ; Process (computing) ; Leverage (statistics) ; Sustainability ; Production (economics) ; Textile industry ; Textile Textile materials and evaluations ; Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers ; Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
Authors: Xinxin Pu | wenhao guo | Jinyao Hou | Yechuan ZHU | Xueping Sun | Shun Zhou | Weiguo Liu
Source: Nanomaterials (article, 2026-02-05)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

High-Uniformity Flat-Top Light Spot Based on a Dielectric Metasurface With the rapid development of laser processing and infrared imaging, the demand for flat-top beams with high uniformity has become increasingly urgent. Conventional beam-shaping techniques based on bonded aspheric lenses are inherently bulky and inflexible, which limits their compatibility with modern optical systems. In this work, we propose a dielectric metasurface for laser beam shaping operating at 1064 nm, where the target phase distribution is derived by the given initial phase and is represented by a hyperbolic phase. An inverse optimization algorithm is proposed to optimize the unit cell consisting of silicon carbide (SiC) nanopillars and the silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>) substrate. Numerical results show that, after transmission through the designed metasurface, the beam forms a circular flat-top spot with a radius of 2 μm at the target plane, exhibiting an intensity uniformity of 0.1021 and an energy efficiency of 76.3%. This study offers a compact and highly efficient solution for the flat-top beam shaping, demonstrating significant potential for applications in precision-laser processing, optical trapping, and bioimaging. Nanopillar ; Dielectric ; Beam (structure) ; Laser ; Silicon ; Silicon carbide ; Light beam Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research ; Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics
Authors: Jimmy Kornelije Gunnarsson | Robert Klöfkorn
Source: ArXiv.org (article, 2026-02-09)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Comparison of Structure Preserving Schemes for the Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes Equations with Degenerate Mobility and Adaptive Mesh Refinement The Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes (CHNS) system utilizes a diffusive phase-field for interface tracking of multi-phase fluid flows. Recently structure preserving methods for CHNS have moved into focus to construct numerical schemes that, for example, are mass conservative or obey initial bounds of the phase-field variable. In this work decoupled implicit-explicit formulations based on the Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methodology are considered and compared to existing schemes from the literature. For the fluid flow a standard continuous Galerkin approach is applied. An adaptive conforming grid is utilized to further draw computational focus on the interface regions, while coarser meshes are utilized around pure phases. All presented methods are compared against each other in terms of bound preservation, mass conservation, and energy dissipation for different examples found in the literature, including a classical rising droplet problem. Focus (optics) ; Polygon mesh ; Discontinuous Galerkin method ; Galerkin method ; Degenerate energy levels ; Grid ; Dissipation ; Flow (mathematics) ; Work (physics) ; Adaptive mesh refinement Solidification and crystal growth phenomena ; Fluid Dynamics and Thin Films ; Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation
Authors: JUN XU | Yukun Zhu | Yu Gao | Rongshui Qin
Source: PLoS ONE (article, 2026-01-28)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Research on the thermal performance of wall insulation materials and their impact on energy consumption in nearly zero-energy buildings This study explores the thermal performance of wall insulation materials and their impact on the energy consumption of nearly zero energy buildings (NZEBs) in the hot summer and cold winter climate zone of central and southern Anhui Province, China. A bidirectional environmental chamber was constructed at university to evaluate two graphite-enhanced insulation materials-graphite extruded polystyrene (XPS, extruded polystyrene board; GXPS, graphite extruded polystyrene board) and graphite expanded polystyrene (SEPS, graphite molded polystyrene board)-under simulated seasonal temperature and humidity conditions. Experimental results show that GXPS exhibits superior thermal insulation performance during winter and transitional seasons, with a thermal conductivity as low as 0.023 W/(m⋅K) and stable surface heat flux under large temperature differentials. In contrast, SEPS performs notably well in hot and humid summer conditions, featuring uniform internal temperature distribution and pronounced thermal inertia, which effectively delays heat transfer. Dynamic thermal response analysis reveals that GXPS has a fast cooling response suited for winter, while SEPS demonstrates delayed heating behavior that mitigates summer heat stress. Building energy simulation results indicate that a GXPS insulation thickness of 50 mm achieves optimal energy savings in the region, with annual energy reduction rates between 13.6% and 22.0%. The complementary thermal properties of GXPS and SEPS provide a promising envelope design strategy for regional NZEBs, contributing to energy efficiency improvement and supporting China's carbon neutrality targets. Polystyrene ; Thermal conductivity ; Expanded polystyrene ; Thermal insulation ; Dynamic insulation ; Graphite ; Energy consumption ; Thermal ; Building envelope Aerogels and thermal insulation ; Building Energy and Comfort Optimization ; Hygrothermal properties of building materials
Authors: Lorenzo Albanese | Salvatore Filippo Di Gennaro | Francesco Meneguzzo | Riccardo Dainelli
Source: Sustainability (article, 2026-04-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Reproducible Equal-Width Geometric Design Framework for Hydrodynamic-Cavitation Venturi Devices: Reuleaux Cross Section and Controlled Axial Twist Hydrodynamic cavitation in Venturi devices is strongly influenced by geometry and is increasingly considered as a non-thermal route for process intensification in continuous-flow applications, including water-treatment contexts. However, Venturi design practice still relies largely on incremental modifications of circular throats and on loosely formalized heuristics, which limits reproducibility and systematic comparison. This work presents a reproducible geometry-driven framework for the design of an equal-width Venturi throat under a fixed transverse envelope constraint. Two parameterized configurations are considered: a constant-width Reuleaux-triangle cross section (VRA) and a controlled axial-twist variant (VRAt). A minimal set of geometric design indicators is formulated in terms of throat flow area, wetted perimeter, hydraulic diameter, and geometric near-wall coverage within a prescribed thickness; for VRAt, a dimensionless kinematic factor is additionally introduced to quantify the path-length increase associated with the imposed twist. Under equal-width conditions, the Reuleaux section preserves the wetted perimeter of the circular reference while reducing flow area, whereas the twisted variant preserves the same transverse throat metrics and isolates twist as an explicit geometric design variable. The contribution is methodological: it provides a reproducible framework for early-stage geometric design and comparison of Venturi configurations relevant to hydrodynamic cavitation. It does not, by itself, report experiments, validation, or hydraulic, cavitation, or water-treatment performance predictions. Venturi effect ; Envelope (radar) ; Dimensionless quantity ; Flow (mathematics) ; Cross section (physics) ; Kinematics ; Geometric design ; Geometric modeling ; Set (abstract data type) Ultrasound and Cavitation Phenomena ; Cavitation Phenomena in Pumps ; Hydraulic flow and structures
Authors: Theeradech Songart | Wasit Chaikumming | Keartisak Sriprateep
Source: Materials (article, 2026-03-09)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Development of a Three-Dimensional Geometric Model of Multi-Structured Woven Fabrics Using Spun Yarns for Theoretical Air Permeability Prediction This study presents the development of a three-dimensional (3D) filament assembly model for predicting the air permeability of woven fabrics composed of spun yarns. To address the limitations of conventional single-line yarn models, the proposed framework incorporates fiber-level geometric representations using non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) and simulates multiple weave patterns-including plain, basket, twill, and rib-under various set density configurations. Each yarn was modeled with accurate filament distribution and cross-sectional layering, enabling the construction of realistic unit-cell-based CAD geometries. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed using the k-ε turbulence model in SolidWorks Flow Simulation and validated against experimental measurements conducted under ISO 9237:1995 conditions. The filament assembly model achieved high predictive accuracy, exhibiting a lower of percentage prediction errors than the single-line yarn path model, thereby more effectively capturing airflow behavior through inter-yarn and intra-yarn pores. These findings highlight the capability of integrated CAD/CFD methodologies for virtual prototyping of breathable textiles and provide a robust foundation for high-precision performance prediction in functional and technical fabric design. Yarn ; Air permeability specific surface ; Airflow ; Computational fluid dynamics ; Development (topology) ; Woven fabric ; CAD ; Permeability (electromagnetism) ; Geometric modeling Textile materials and evaluations ; Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials ; Infection Control and Ventilation
Authors: Hongji Duan | Qi Gao | Jinyang Li | Ran Zhang | Yuanyang Lv | Pengzhan Wang | Jian Hu | Xiaomin Liu
Source: Journal of Physics D Applied Physics (article, 2026-03-27)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Design of a low-crosstalk zoom achromatic full-Stokes metasurface Abstract As an advanced optical imaging method, polarization imaging technology introduces polarization dimension information on the basis of traditional imaging. It can simultaneously acquire the polarization characteristics of targets and backgrounds, thereby significantly improving the imaging recognition and analysis capabilities. In this paper, a mid-infrared full-Stokes polarization focal plane zoom metasurface operating in the 4.5–5 μ m waveband is designed. Based on an all-silicon dielectric design, this structure has real-time zoom capability and exhibits lower dispersion and smaller polarization crosstalk compared with the modulation mechanisms of existing zoom metalenses. Simulation results show that the full width at half maximum of the focal spot formed by the metasurface is close to the diffraction limit under different polarization states and wavelengths. With its simple structure and weak crosstalk, this design has broad application prospects in the fields of mid-infrared polarization imaging and optical system integration. Achromatic lens ; Zoom ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Cardinal point ; Diffraction ; Optical imaging Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
Authors: Kai Ying | Jie Liang
Source: Nanomaterials (article, 2026-03-21)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

An Analytical Modeling Study on the Thermal Behavior of Copper–Carbon Nanotube Composite Through-Silicon Via (TSV) In this study, the Monte Carlo (MC) method is employed to generate the diameter and relative positional distributions of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Based on this, we develop a three-layer thermal model for a copper-carbon nanotube (Cu-CNT) through-silicon via (TSV). By integrating Gauss-Hermite quadrature with the Law of Large Numbers (LLN), an analytical expression for thermal conductivity is derived, enabling efficient and accurate estimation of the thermal conductivity of Cu-CNT-filled TSV. Contrary to expectations, the thermal conductivity of TSV does not increase significantly with CNT volume fraction, primarily due to the interfacial thermal resistance at Cu-CNT and CNT-CNT junctions. Through calibration against previously reported experimental data, the effective Cu-CNT interfacial thermal resistance is estimated to be on the order of 10<sup>-7</sup> m<sup>2</sup>K/W. Comparison with previously reported effective thermal conductivity data of Cu-CNT composites shows that the model maintains an error below 2% when the CNT volume fraction is below 10%. The model is therefore most suitable for low CNT volume fractions, where the assumed spatial distribution and structural simplifications remain physically valid. Furthermore, this study investigates the influence of TSV length on thermal performance, predicts the variation in thermal conductivity of Cu-CNT composites under different volume fractions, and the extracted thermal conductivity values are further used as material inputs for device-level electro-thermal COMSOL 6.1 simulations. Thermal conductivity ; Carbon nanotube ; Volume fraction ; Thermal ; Composite number ; Monte Carlo method ; Thermal resistance ; Interfacial thermal resistance Thermal properties of materials ; Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties ; 3D IC and TSV technologies
Authors: Edward J. W. Stone | Panagiotis A. Panagiotou | Johannes Mühlthaler | Andrew R. Mills | Alexis Lambourne | G.W. Jewell
Source: IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications (article, 2026-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Thermal Failure of Stator Winding Insulation and Useful Life Assessment by Impedance Spectroscopy This paper presents a novel application of impedance spectroscopy as a means of inspection for stator winding insulation degradation identification. It proposes, for the first time, a tool for health monitoring and failure identification during thermal degradation effects in the insulation systems of stator coils from a concentrated stator winding. By periodical ex-situ inspection of these coils, the thermal ageing data of the insulation are profiled until the point of failure. The study maps this evolution of the thermal degradation pattern via novel interpretation of the differential-mode impedance frequency responses, using well known techniques such as the Bode and Nyquist plots. This grants further insight into the characteristics shown in the ageing profiles over time and frequency. These thermal failure profiles enable the identification of critical points that can act as pre-emptive indicators of coil health and failure inception. This is a key finding as it renders the capability to provide an adequate lifespan tool for electrical machine concentrated windings and coil assemblies in terms of remaining useful life and failure interpretation. The insulation system examined in this study is from the coils of the concentrated stator winding of a 2MW permanent magnet generator used in an aerospace application. Stator ; Electromagnetic coil ; Electrical impedance ; Nondestructive testing ; Dielectric spectroscopy ; Generator (circuit theory) ; Degradation (telecommunications) High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation ; Thermal Analysis in Power Transmission
Authors: Shiqing Li | Min Kang | Jianru Li | Yueyi Yuan | Cong Liu | Xiaolong Liu | Juan Deng | Hang Zhang | Jinhua Yan | Linfang Shen | Bo Yan | Kuang Zhang | Lei Zhou | Shulin Sun
Source: ArXiv.org (article, 2026-03-11)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Full-channel wavefront manipulation of surface waves with chirality-assisted geometric-phase metasurface Owing to their localized field enhancement and subwavelength resolution, surface waves (SWs) offer broad application potential in communications, sensing, and photonics via on-chip wavefront manipulation. This makes multi-channel SW wavefront manipulation highly desirable. However, conventional metasurfaces for SW wavefront shaping, relying on geometric and propagation phase mechanisms, typically exhibit similar functionalities for co- or cross-polarized output channels under different circularly polarized (CP) incidences, thereby limiting the development of high-capacity on-chip integrated devices. Here, by introducing the chirality-assisted phase as an additional phase control mechanism, we effectively decouple both co- and cross-polarized output channels, enabling independent SW wavefront shaping in four distinct channels. We numerically and experimentally demonstrate two metasurfaces in the microwave range: a four-channel SW meta-deflector and a four-channel SW metadevice that simultaneously produces a focused SW beam, a SW Bessel beam, and two deflected SW beams in different directions. Therefore, chirality-assisted geometric-phase metasurfaces provide a versatile platform for multi-channel SW wavefront engineering, offering significant potential for high-capacity on-chip communication and integrated photonic systems. Wavefront ; Wavefront sensor ; Phase (matter) ; Adaptive optics ; Bessel function ; Photonics ; Deformable mirror ; Microwave Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research