jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: R. Mitteau | M. Diez | M. Firdaouss
Source: Nuclear Materials and Energy (article, 2024-10-18)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Designing tungsten armoured plasma facing components to pulsed heat loads in magnetic fusion machines A possible design rule for preventing surface damage from thermal transients to solid tungsten armour is proposed and formulated for the plasma facing components (divertor, first wall) of magnetic fusion machines. The rule is based on combined results from laboratory experiments and operating fusion machines, and fundamental engineering principles such as the heat flux factor (F HF ) and fatigue usage fraction (F UF ). As an example, the rule would allow 2.10 4 transient heat loads cycles at a F HF of 10 MJm -2 s -½ before the lifetime is considered exhausted. The formulation of the rule using engineering principles allows combining loads of different magnitudes and various number of cycles. A practical example of the rule usage is provided, illustrating loads combination and how the rule may contribute to the component geometrical design. The proposed rule is only valid for surface loading conditions, hence is not usable for volumetric loading conditions such as runaway electrons. Setting a budget lifetime and a design rule does not preclude actual plasma operation beyond the design lifetime. It is actually normal that experimental devices explore a larger domain than the one defined at the time of the design. Tungsten ; Plasma ; Nuclear engineering ; Fusion ; Heat load ; Materials science ; Fusion power ; Tokamak ; Metallurgy ; Thermodynamics ; Engineering ; Nuclear physics ; Physics Fusion materials and technologies ; Magnetic confinement fusion research ; Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
Authors: Maria A. Strelkova | Anna P. Tolstova | Vladimir A. Mitkevich | Irina Yu. Petrushanko | Alexander Makarov
Source: International Journal of Molecular Sciences (article, 2024-11-19)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Structure of Full-Length Src Kinase and Its Key Phosphorylated States: Molecular Dynamics Study Src kinase is one of the key regulators of cellular metabolism and is dysregulated in numerous diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and particularly Alzheimer's disease. Despite its therapeutic importance, its full-length structure has never been obtained before, as it contains an intrinsically disordered regulatory region, SH4UD. The SH4UD region is crucial for Src activation, functional dimerization, and regulation by other kinases. In this study, we used the replica exchange molecular dynamics approach with a hybrid temperature and Hamiltonian tempering to obtain the conformational ensemble of full-length Src kinase in its non-phosphorylated state and in the presence of its two key regulatory phosphorylations: pY419 and pY530. The representative structures and simulation trajectories of non-phosphorylated pY419 and pY530 Src are available in open access. We demonstrate that pY419 phosphorylation, which is associated with Src activation, enhances its motility, whereas inhibited pY530 Src preserves relatively compact conformation. This study also provides insights into how SH4UD contributes to Src substrate binding, dimerization, and autophosphorylation, highlighting the putative role of 14-RRR-16 in this process. Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src ; Phosphorylation ; Molecular dynamics ; Key (lock) ; Cell biology ; Kinase ; Chemistry ; Biophysics ; Computational biology ; Biology ; Ecology ; Computational chemistry Enzyme Structure and Function ; Protein Structure and Dynamics ; Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
Authors: Paul‐Albert Schneide | Michael Armstrong | Neal B. Gallagher | Rasmus Bro
Source: Journal of Chemometrics (article, 2024-12-05)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Unlocking New Capabilities in the Analysis of GC × GC‐TOFMS Data With Shift‐Invariant Multi‐Linearity ABSTRACT This paper introduces a novel deconvolution algorithm, shift‐invariant multi‐linearity (SIML), which significantly enhances the analysis of data from two‐dimensional gas chromatography instruments coupled to a time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (GC × GC‐TOFMS). Designed to address the challenges posed by retention time shifts and high noise levels, SIML incorporates wavelet‐based smoothing and Fourier‐transform based shift‐correction within the multivariate curve resolution‐alternating least squares (MCR‐ALS) framework. We benchmarked the SIML algorithm against non‐negativity constrained MCR‐ALS and parallel factor analysis 2 with flexible coupling (PARAFAC2 × N) using both simulated and real GC × GC‐TOFMS datasets. Our results demonstrate that SIML provides unique solutions with significantly improved robustness, particularly in low signal‐to‐noise ratio scenarios, where it maintains high accuracy in estimating mass spectra and concentrations. The enhanced reliability of quantitative analyses afforded by SIML underscores its potential for broad application in complex matrix analyses across environmental science, food science, and biological research. Linearity ; Invariant (physics) ; Chromatography ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Chemistry ; Mathematics ; Physics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies ; Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
Authors: Koray Yavuz | Alejandro Soler | R. Zaera | Seymur Jahangirov
Source: Royal Society Open Science (article, 2024-10-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Effect of spider’s weight on signal transmittance in vertical orb webs Spider orb web is a sophisticated structure that needs to fulfil multiple roles, such as trapping prey and transmitting web-borne signals. When building their web, heavier spiders tend to increase the pretension on the web, which seems counterintuitive since a tighter web would decrease the chances of stopping and retaining prey. In this article, we claim that heavier orb-weaving spiders increase tension on the web in order to reduce the attenuation of the vibratory signal coming from the bottom part of the web. We support our claim by first building a detailed spider web model, which is tuned by a tension-adjusting algorithm to fit the experimentally observed profiles. Then, the effects of the spider weight and the web tension on the signal transmittance properties are investigated using state-of-the-art finite element analysis tools. Spider ; Computer science ; Transmittance ; Weaving ; Counterintuitive ; Orb (optics) ; SIGNAL (programming language) ; Tension (geology) ; Web service ; Food web ; Predation ; World Wide Web ; Ecology ; Physics ; Materials science ; Biology ; Optics ; Artificial intelligence ; Composite material Silk-based biomaterials and applications ; Adhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions ; Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
Authors: Pyotr Antipov | Sultanbek Issenov | Marat Koshumbayev | Marat Auelbek | Gulim Nurmaganbetova | Dauren D. Issabekov
Source: Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies (article, 2024-08-28)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

Regulation of the power of a wind turbine of a special design by changing the length of the blades The object of this research is a model of a wind turbine with retractable blades. This model allows for the adjustment of the turbine’s screw radius by extending or retracting the blades, providing a basis for examining the impact of blade radius on turbine performance. The primary problem addressed by this study is to determine how changes in the screw radius, achieved by altering the blade length, affect the wind turbine’s performance, specifically its electrical output (voltage and current) and rotational speed, under constant wind conditions. The experimental results showed that when the turbine blades are fully extended (R1), the wind turbine generates higher voltage and current compared to when the blades are retracted (R2). This confirms that the turbine’s electrical output is significantly influenced by the screw radius. These results are explained by the aerodynamic principles governing wind turbines. An increased screw radius allows the turbine blades to capture more wind energy, leading to greater force applied to the blades, thus increasing the rotational speed and the amount of electrical energy generated. The linear relationship between the screw radius and the turbine’s performance was as summed to simplify the analysis, though the actual relationship may be more complex. The finding soft its study can be practically applied in the design and operation of wind turbines. Turbines with adjust table blade lengths can optimize performance across varying wind conditions, maximizing efficiency and power output. These results are particularly useful in environments where wind speed is variable, as turbine scan adjust their blade radius to maintain optimal performance. The study assumes consistent wind conditions and uniform air flow for the results to be accurate, so these conditions should be considered when implementing the findings in real-world scenarios Turbine ; Wind power ; Power (physics) ; Turbine blade ; Marine engineering ; Control theory (sociology) ; Engineering ; Environmental science ; Computer science ; Mechanical engineering ; Electrical engineering ; Physics ; Artificial intelligence Material Properties and Applications ; Industrial Engineering and Technologies ; Advanced Theoretical and Applied Studies in Material Sciences and Geometry
Authors: Р. С. Кашаев | D.A. Nguyen | О. В. Козелков
Source:  (article, 2024-12-11)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

APPARATUS-PROGRAM COMPLEX FOR ON-LINE EXPRESS- CONTROL OF CRUDE OILS PROPERTIES BY PROTON MAGNETIC RESONANCE METHOD Proton magnetic resonance ; Line (geometry) ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Proton ; Computer science ; Materials science ; Chemistry ; Physics ; Nuclear physics ; Mathematics Petroleum Processing and Analysis ; NMR spectroscopy and applications ; Advanced Data Processing Techniques
Authors: Xiaoqian Yu | Jianmin Du | Wenyu Zhang | Xinghai Zhang | Hengli Zhao | Qing Wen | Rui Xu
Source: Heliyon (article, 2024-08-14)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Screening of serum markers in patients with resistant hypertension Our research has pinpointed 11 proteins that stand as promising serum biomarkers, endowed with significant diagnostic value. This discovery marks a stride towards a more nuanced understanding and management of resistant hypertension. Pathogenesis ; Proteomics ; Medicine ; Bioinformatics ; Intensive care medicine ; Immunology ; Biology ; Genetics Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies ; Biological Research and Disease Studies
Authors: Natalia Sokolova | Vladislav Kozynets
Source: Automobile Roads and Road Construction (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MODERN METHODS FOR DIAGNOSING THE OPERATIONAL CONDITION OF HIGHWAYS USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES Summary. The purpose of the article is to assess the effectiveness of modern methods of diagnosing the operational condition of roads and the possibilities of their improvement using artificial intelligence technologies. The dynamics of the length of public roads in Ukraine for 2017-2022 is considered, which revealed insignificant changes in the total length of paved roads and partial fluctuations in the growth rate. The analysis of the road surface structure showed the predominance of asphalt-concrete roads, while other types of pavement have a small share. A further analysis of the distribution of roads by category showed a higher share of category III roads, which indicates a significant number of medium quality roads that require regular maintenance. The study also examined modern methods of diagnosing the condition of roads, including comparison of indicators with standard values, qualitative assessment of each parameter, and assessment by a generalized indicator. The advantages and disadvantages of each method were analyzed. A detailed review of the most common road diagnostic devices, such as deflectometers, deflectometers and visual inspection units used to determine the strength, flatness, roughness and other operational qualities of the pavement, was also conducted. Based on the analysis, it is proposed to introduce artificial intelligence technologies to improve the accuracy of road condition assessment and automate diagnostic processes. Artificial intelligence is able to integrate data from various sources, including sensors, cameras and satellites, and create complex models to predict pavement wear and determine the optimal timing of repairs. The introduction of such innovations will significantly increase the efficiency of road infrastructure management, reduce maintenance costs and improve safety for road users. As a result, the development of artificial intelligence technologies and their application in road diagnostics is becoming an important area for improving the quality of road infrastructure and ensuring the sustainable development of the transport network. Keywords: roads, road operational condition, road infrastruct Flatness (cosmology) ; Computer science ; Transport engineering ; Road surface ; Quality (philosophy) ; Artificial intelligence ; Engineering ; Civil engineering Material Properties and Failure Mechanisms ; Aerospace, Electronics, Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Amy Kurr | Jimmy Landmesser
Source:  (article, 2024-02-07)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Technical Standards in Engineering Education: A Survey Across Professional Sectors In this role, he developed his skills as a system engineer overseeing the design, installation and modification of unique FP systems protecting special nuclear materials. To better his understanding of the additional hazards and specialized operations of NNFD, Mr. Landmesser earned a master's degree in nuclear engineering. For the past five Engineering management ; Engineering ; Professional standards ; Engineering education ; Computer science ; Systems engineering ; Engineering ethics Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies ; Nuclear and radioactivity studies
Authors: Xinyi Wei | Yanding Su | Qian Cheng | Songmao Liang | Tingping Zhang | Leng-Xin Duan | Xiuwei Shen | Xiangjun Qiu
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology (article, 2024-02-08)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Herb-drug interactions of silybinin and cilofexor in beagle dogs based on pharmacokinetics by UPLC-MS/MS <b>Objective:</b> A remarkably sensitive, accurate, and efficient ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) approach was developed as a facile and expeditious method for measuring cilofexor concentration in beagle dogs, the herb-drug interactions between silybinin and cilofexor was explored based on pharmacokinetics. <b>Methods:</b> The plasma sample protein of the beagles were rapidly sedimented with acetonitrile, and cilofexor and tropifexor (internal standard, ISTD) were separated by gradient elution using a 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. The concentrations were detected using positive ion multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Mass transfer pairs were m/z 587.91→267.91 for cilofexor and m/z 604.08→228.03 for ISTD, respectively. A two-period self-controlled experimental design was adopted for the HDIs experiment. In the first period (Group A), six beagle dogs were orally administered cilofexor at a dose of 1 mg/kg. In the second period (Group B), silybinin (3 mg/kg) was orally administered to the six beagle dogs twice a day for seven consecutive days, after which cilofexor was orally administered. The cilofexor concentration in beagle dogs was determined, and HDIs were evaluated based on their pharmacokinetics. <b>Results:</b> The accuracy and precision of cilofexor were both less than 15%, and the recoveries, matrix effects, and stability met the relevant requirements. The C<sub>max</sub> of cilofexor in group B was 49.62% higher than that in group A, whereas the AUC<sub>(0-t)</sub> and AUC<sub>(0-∞)</sub> of cilofexor in group B were 47.85% and 48.52% higher, respectively, than those in group A. Meanwhile, the t<sub>1/2</sub> extended from 7.84 h to 9.45 h, CL and Vz decreased in Group B. <b>Conclusion:</b> A novel UPLC-MS/MS approach was successfully applied for the measurement of cilofexor in beagle dog plasma. Silybinin can alter the pharmacokinetics of cilofexor in beagle dogs, thereby increasing plasma exposure to cilofexor. Beagle ; Pharmacokinetics ; Formic acid ; Chromatography ; Chemistry ; High-performance liquid chromatography ; Selected reaction monitoring ; Pharmacology ; Tandem mass spectrometry ; Mass spectrometry ; Medicine ; Internal medicine Synthesis and Biological Evaluation ; Silymarin and Mushroom Poisoning ; Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
Authors: Yuyuan Pan
Source: Journal of Computing and Electronic Information Management (article, 2024-02-28)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Research on Garment Washing Optimization Based on Linear Programming and Iterative Algorithm This study is dedicated to exploring the optimization strategies for impurity dissolution during garment washing, aiming at minimizing the number of washes and water costs, while ensuring that the clothes are cleaned as expected. The proposed model was evaluated in a series of programming simulation experiments to obtain optimal solutions for several key problems. The study first applies an iterative algorithm to achieve the optimal rationing of the amount of washing and water consumption under specific conditions. Then, the variables were dynamically combined and resolved to deeply analyze the effects of initial solubility, decay coefficient, and initial contamination on the results. Finally, a mathematical model for detergent selection was developed through a linear programming model, which resulted in the optimal selection and lowest cost of different detergents based on the constraints and objective function. Linear programming ; Computer science ; Algorithm ; Mathematical optimization ; Mathematics Textile materials and evaluations ; Color perception and design
Authors: Lalit Bhalla | Dharmapuri Siri | Udaya Sri Kakarla | Dhiraj Singh | Deepa Bisht | Amanveer Singh | Kanchan Yadav | Zaid Alsalami
Source: E3S Web of Conferences (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Energy Harvesting from Waste Heat using Thermoelectric Generators This research examines the synergistic benefits and impact of Thermoelectric Generators (TEGs) in energy harvesting, emphasizing their contribution to improving system efficiency via appropriate integration with energy management systems. The empirical findings indicate a significant 15% enhancement in energy conversion efficiency via enhanced waste heat recovery using TEGs, coupled with an 8% augmentation in total system performance attributable to sophisticated energy management strategies. Furthermore, there is a notable 10% decrease in energy losses, achieved by meticulous management of temperature gradients and regulation of power output. Total Energy Efficiency Metrics indicate a 12.5% enhancement in energy usage, a 2% decrease in system downtime attributable to the improved dependability of TEG units, and a 4°C reduction in average operating temperature, hence assuring increased lifespan of the devices. These findings underscore the practical advantages of integrating TEGs into waste heat recovery systems, enhancing the ongoing discussion on sustainable energy solutions by offering definitive proof of their effectiveness and the collaborative effect they exert on energy harvesting and system efficiency. Waste heat ; Thermoelectric generator ; Thermoelectric effect ; Heat energy ; Environmental science ; Waste management ; Energy harvesting ; Waste heat recovery unit ; Materials science ; Energy (signal processing) ; Nuclear engineering ; Process engineering ; Mechanical engineering ; Thermodynamics ; Engineering ; Physics ; Heat exchanger Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices
Authors: Z Chen | Hongbing Cai | Xin Ni
Source: Neuro-Oncology (article, 2024-10-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

P02.25.A TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT (TME) VIS-À-VIS ANTI-VASCULAR TREATMENT IN GLIOBLASTOMA Abstract BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) the most malignant primary central nerves system tumor, usually failed to postoperative treatment since tumor resistance to treatment. Most of Studies for anti-cancer resistance focus on tumor cell its self. Actually, tumor tissue is composed of tumor cells and surrounding matrix components. The components in tumor microenvironment (TME) work in coordination with each other to promote cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and treatment resistance. Previously, we have found vasculogenic mimicry (VM), a vessel-like structure formed by highly invasive tumor cells, may contribute to anti-vascular resistance. Since TME includes non-cellular components such as extracellular matrix(ECM)and tumor-associated vasculature, as well as various cellular components such as activated tumor-associated fibroblasts, mesenchymal cells, tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), and pericytes. We further invested TME relating to anti-vascular resistance. MATERIAL AND METHODS First, we examined tenascin-c (TNC) expression, an extracellular protein, and correlated with VM formation in glioma cell lines as well as clinical samples. Since TNC is composed of 2 domains (EGF-like and fibronectin III), we further examined function of these domains affecting on VM formation in glioma cell lines. Second, we examined association of TAMs with angiogenesis in GBM, and further search possible molecular mechanism. RESULTS The expression of TNC increased with the WHO grade of glioma, and the most abundant in GBM, which correspondence to existence of VM structure. Knockdown TNC expression resulted significant reducing the ability of VM formation. Treatment of exogenous TNC protein can enhance the ability of VM formation of glioma cells. The over expression of the EGF-like domain or the full-length TNC in glioma cells revealed significant enhancing VM formation ability. In contrast, over expression of the fibronectin III domain of TNC did not alter VM formation. Furthermore, over expression of the EGF-like domain of TNC or full-length TNC in glioma cells increased the phosphorylation levels of downstream signaling pathways of EGFR. When checked TAMs, we revealed that PTEN deficient GBM may secrete abundant Gal-9, and recruit plenty of TAMs. TAMs may secrete vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) stimulating angiogenesis and and supporting glioma growth. Moreover, α-lactose through down-regulating VEGFA expression, inhibited glioma angiogenesis. CONCLUSION Our findings by searching tumor microenvironment of glioma, may suggest novel antivascularization strategies through TNC (an extracellular protein in ECM) and TAMs. Glioblastoma ; Cancer research ; Tumor microenvironment ; Medicine ; Tumor cells Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Cancer Research and Treatments ; Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics