jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Zhao‐Yi Chen | V. Swaminathan | Chris Mathew | Valerii V. Vashchenko | Abhishek Kumar Srivastava
Source: Journal of the Society for Information Display (article, 2025-04-06)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Alignment layer optimization for electrically suppressed helix ferroelectric liquid crystals Abstract The Electrically Suppressed Helix Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal (ESHFLC) is a promising candidate for contemporary display applications because of its fast response at lower voltages and exceptional optical contrast. Despite its advantages, the limited alignment techniques have impeded the widespread adoption of ESHFLC displays. To address this challenge, we have adopted a Polyimide (PI) that has been commercialized in the display industry; achieving an impressive contrast ratio of up to 9,000:1 for 1.23 wt% PI concentration by exploring varied PI concentrations and rubbing torques. Furthermore, the investigation into ESHFLC diffraction patterns enables us to comprehend the balance between anchoring energy and elastic energy, as well as the influence of varying PI concentrations. These findings not only enhance our understanding of the alignment capabilities of this PI but also offer more possibilities for the large‐scale production of ESHFLC utilizing this PI. Ferroelectricity ; Materials science ; Layer (electronics) ; Optoelectronics ; Liquid crystal ; Optics ; Composite material ; Dielectric ; Physics Liquid Crystal Research Advancements ; Plant Reproductive Biology ; Phase-change materials and chalcogenides
Authors: Anthony Chukwujekwu Okafor | Kingsley Madu
Source: International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews (review, 2025-04-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Thermal Properties of Composite Materials: A systematic review of experimental and theoretical models Composite materials offer superior properties compared to their constituents, yet a comprehensive understanding of their thermal behavior requires integrating experimental and theoretical models.This paper systematically reviews these models, employing a rigorous SLR methodology guided by PRISMA to analyze existing research.The review identifies key factors influencing thermal conductivity, compares the strengths and limitations of various models like the rule of mixtures and finite element analysis, and explores the impact of material composition and manufacturing methods.The findings highlight the necessity of combining theoretical predictions with empirical data for optimizing composite material design. Composite number ; Materials science ; Thermal ; Composite material ; Thermodynamics ; Physics Thermal properties of materials
Authors: Francielle Aguiar Gomes | Douglas Ricardo Souza | Michael Holzer | Graziella E. Ronsein
Source: Journal of Lipid Research (article, 2025-12-06)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Proteomic analysis of HDL isolates reveals method-driven variability: An interlaboratory approach The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is the most heterogeneous and protein-rich lipoprotein, and its complex proteome has been correlated with many distinct properties. However, the lack of a standardized approach for HDL isolation, combined with the fact that different methods capture overlapping, but distinct HDL subspecies make the establishment of a composition-function relationship a challenge. Key factors influencing HDL proteomic profile are the isolation methodology and the technical variability associated with it. Importantly, interlaboratory technical variability associated with HDL isolation methodologies and how it affects the HDL proteome has never been determined. Here, we used two common methods to isolate HDL particles, ultracentrifugation (UC) and immunoaffinity chromatography against APOA1 (IAC), and performed a thorough evaluation of intralaboratory repeatability as well as intra- and interlaboratory reproducibility of these isolation methods, assessing their influence on HDL-associated proteins composition and abundance. Our results demonstrate that methodological variability has a greater impact on the HDL proteome than interlaboratory differences, with almost 60% of the variance in the data explained by the method of isolation. Importantly, the top 15 HDL proteins account for > 90% of the protein mass in HDL, regardless of the isolation method, and the variability in protein quantification is inversely associated with protein abundance. A joint analysis combining interlaboratory reproducibility of top 15 HDL proteins in multiple days shows 11 and 10 proteins with CV < 25% for UC and IAC, respectively. In summary, our findings demonstrate that standardized isolation methods can achieve acceptable reproducibility within and across laboratories, but they may capture distinct HDL particles. Proteome ; Reproducibility ; Repeatability ; Proteomics ; Isolation (microbiology) ; Subspecies Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins ; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Authors: Serli Hatul Hidayat | Abel Yandi Novrain | I N Irwan
Source: Canrea Journal Food Technology Nutritions and Culinary Journal (article, 2025-10-09)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

A decade of intelligent packaging for meat with insight from smart packaging literature: Trends, innovations, and future prospects - a systematic review and network analysis Packaging no longer serves merely as a protector or wrapper for products, but also functions to maintain quality, safety, and extendthe shelf life of food products. Especially for meat products, the demand for packaging systems capable of monitoring quality inreal-time continues to grow. This is because meat products are susceptible to damage due to contamination and microbialoxidation. Therefore, intelligent packaging offers a solution by integrating sensor and indicator technologies to detect changes inthe environment such as pH, temperature, and volatile compounds. This study aims to examine trends, publications, and researchdevelopments in intelligent packaging for meat packaging from 2014 to 2024 using bibliometric methods. Additionally, a systematicliterature review method was used to examine the application of various types of intelligent packaging on meat. Data was collectedfrom the Scopus database, which covers various applications of intelligent packaging on meat products. The application ofintelligent packaging shows an increasing trend each year. The most commonly applied technologies include pH indicators, gas sensors,temperature-time indicators, and RFID. These technologies can be used to monitor the freshness, temperature, and quality of meat.These findings underscore that smart packaging is no longer merely a future innovation but a strategic solution ready for adoption bythe food industry to enhance the safety, efficiency, and competitiveness of meat products in the global market. Active packaging ; Food packaging ; Quality (philosophy) ; Packaging engineering ; Shelf life ; Intelligent sensor ; Food products ; Meat packing industry Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging ; Food Supply Chain Traceability ; Meat and Animal Product Quality
Authors: Ghada A. Abo-Elwafa | Ayat F. Hashim | Sherine Afifi | Mohamad Yehia Sayed Ahmed | Youssef Ahmed
Source: Journal of Food Measurement & Characterization (article, 2025-11-21)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Simplified visual colorimetric method for edible oil oxidation detection using Agarose- Polyvinyl alcohol (AGR/PVA) colorimetric biofilms Abstract Detecting vegetable oils’ edibility and their oxidation state using a simple, fast, and easy method that can be used by non-experts and ordinary consumers has always been challenging. The currently used methods in assessing oil oxidation and deterioration are expensive, complicated, and only scientists are qualified to deal with them.This work aims to monitor the oxidation of sunflower and corn oils using a visual colorimetric method. This approach is based on biofilms of agarose and polyvinyl alcohol (AGR/PVA) impergenated with Congo red dye. Hydroxylamine sulfate (S) or chloride (C) were also used to prepare two types of biofilms (AGR/PVA/S and AGR/PVA/C). These chemicals react with the aldehydes emitted from oxidized oils, causing a pH decline and hence a change in the dye’s color from red to blue. Oil oxidation was induced by heating at 65 °C for 35 days. The oxidized oils were evaluated for their stability, fatty acids composition, and hexanal content as a representative aldehyde. Through calculating color difference (ΔE), both types of biofilms were effective in detecting oil oxidation. But, AGR/PVA/S was more visually effective (ΔE = 33.65) through a gradual color change than AGR/PVA/C (ΔE = 21.03), especially in sunflower oil after 35 heating days. Also, ΔE of both biofilms (AGR/PVA/S or C) had strong Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R 2 ≥ 0.9) with all oxidation parameters of sunflower oil, making biofilm highly expressive for the oil’s oxidation state. Therefore, the investigated biofilms could be strong candidates as an easy, reliable, and fast oil oxidation detection device. Hexanal ; Sunflower oil ; Biofilm ; Polyvinyl alcohol ; Colorimetry ; Edible oil ; Polyvinyl chloride ; Sunflower Edible Oils Quality and Analysis ; Lubricants and Their Additives ; Oil Spill Detection and Mitigation
Authors: Ankush Singhal | T.J.J van Daalen | G. J. A. Sevink
Source: Nanoscale (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

The significance of lipid membrane curvature and lipid order for nano-C60 uptake Interactions that invasive mesoscopic nanoparticles (NPs) experience with the variety of lipid membranes present in our body have the potential to trigger diverse biological responses and endocytic pathways. From a safety perspective, it is therefore crucial to comprehend how these NPs are absorbed by complex biological environments and how they subsequently disperse and disassemble within them. Previous computational research has focussed on evaluating the compositional dependence of NP binding and translocation to 'model' lipid membranes, <i>i.e.</i> membranes that are in equilibrium, flat, fluid and composed of a few lipid species. The observation of strong local variation of curvature and phase along many membranes in biology, however, suggests that these features are important for membrane-related processes. In particular, the thermodynamic factors underlying curvature formation and phase separation appear to be essential for regulating intricate membrane functions such as insertion and dispersion in a precise and controllable manner. In this study, we have employed coarse-grained simulation to shed light on the role of curvature and phase on the adsorption and dispersion of a typical hydrophobic NPs like nano-C60 (or n-C60), for a model setup of a lung membrane at biologically relevant scales. The effect of curvature on n-C60 uptake, which is particularly striking when the membrane is in the gel phase, is explained in terms of lipid defects, and we find that uptake modulates the fluidity and defect characteristics of the resulting membrane in a state-dependent fashion, and will affect protein binding. Our discovery offers key functional insight in the role of the particular curvature and phase, <i>i.e.</i> a combination of a flat gel state and curved fluid state, that the lung membranes exhibits as a primary barrier. Membrane curvature ; Membrane ; Curvature ; Membrane biophysics ; Biological membrane ; Mesoscopic physics ; Dispersion (optics) ; Lipid bilayer ; Phase (matter) Fullerene Chemistry and Applications
Authors: Zhiwen Zhou | Enrique A. López‐Guerra | Jun Zhou | Michael Kwan | Peter Wilkens | Chester Chien
Source: Journal of Micro/Nanopatterning Materials and Metrology (article, 2025-05-14)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Model-free methodology for thin film thickness analysis by spectroscopic reflectometry Spectroscopic reflectometry-based thin film measurement plays an important role in modern semiconductor, hard disk drive, and display industry because of its non-destructive nature and high throughput. In spectroscopic reflectometry, conventional model-based iterative algorithms often face challenges such as high computational costs, risk of converging to local minima, and limitations imposed by predefined library boundaries. We propose a technique to determine the thin film thickness in a direct fashion from the reflectance spectrum. The technique achieves a 92.6% improvement in computational throughput by avoiding iterative processes. The repeatability of the new technique is statistically validated by conducting a 280-sampling gage repeatability and reproducibility test (GR&R), demonstrating a 76.9% improvement in repeatability (equipment variation), a 61.6% improvement in reproducibility (appraiser variation), and a 60.9% improvement in GR&R%. Reflectometry ; Materials science ; Optics ; Computer science ; Physics ; Computer vision ; Time domain Optical Coatings and Gratings ; Copper Interconnects and Reliability ; Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements
Authors: Megha Rajeevan | Rotti Srinivasamurthy Swathi
Source: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Leveraging metaheuristics to uncover water confinement in multilayer graphynes Global optimization is an effective approach to study the geometries and energetics of atomic or molecular confinement within nanostructures. The high computational cost associated with modeling such complex chemical systems calls for the adoption of stochastic global optimization techniques. Herein, we employ a swarm intelligence-based technique, namely, particle swarm optimization (PSO), to study the confinement of water clusters in monolayer and multilayer graphynes (GYs), including γ-GY-2, γ-GY-3, and γ-GY-4. The water molecules are described using the TIP4P model. The non-electrostatic part of GY-water and GY-GY interactions is modeled using the optimally fitted improved Lennard-Jones potential and the anisotropic Hod's interlayer potential, while the Coulombic potential is employed to account for the electrostatic interactions between GYs and water. Our PSO results reveal that the pore size of GYs is vital to the confinement of water clusters in multilayer γ-GYs. The γ-GY-2 multilayer tends to accommodate water as a monolayer between its two layers for large cluster sizes. A single-file confinement of water molecules is observed when water clusters were confined within the γ-GY-3 trilayer. In contrast, γ-GY-4, with the largest pore size, allowed clustering of water molecules within the triangular channels. Our findings established the importance of incorporating the twist features of GYs in the modeling formulation, as well as the accurate description of empirical formulations that can enable large-scale simulations. Our findings hold promise for extended research on water transport through twisted multilayer GYs. Water cluster ; Cluster (spacecraft) ; Monolayer ; Molecular dynamics ; Molecule ; Chemical physics ; Materials science ; Particle (ecology) ; Nanotechnology ; Chemistry ; Hydrogen bond ; Computational chemistry ; Computer science Graphene research and applications ; Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies ; Thermal properties of materials
Authors: Chiat Oon Tan | Shigenobu Ogata | Hwa Jen Yap | Jin Xue Soo | Zuriani Usop | Mohd ‘Akashah Fauthan | Shaer Jin Liew | Siew‐Cheok Ng
Source: Wood Science and Technology (article, 2025-05-07)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

‘Tracheid effect’ light scattering response of common commercial species of Malaysia using red laser (650 nm) for grain angle detection, and machine learning based performance prediction Abstract ’Tracheid effect’, or laser light scattering in wood is an important phenomenon in the study of wood, but not well researched for Malaysian timber species. Sixty (60) common commercial timber species of Malaysia, as defined by the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), were tested for ’tracheid effect’ response using 650 nm (red) laser. 5 samples each of 11 heavy hardwood, 15 medium hardwood, 32 light hardwood, and 2 softwood species were tested. Medium density fibreboard (MDF) was used as a reference. The grain angle performance metric, which is the root mean squared error (RMSE) between the observed and actual angles of ellipse generated by the dot laser and imaged by the camera, was determined and tabulated. To predict the grain angle performance for unknown species using colour and density features, two machine learning (ML) classification approaches were tested, namely k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN), and shallow feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN), as well as one function-fitting ANN. For predicting RMSE $$&lt;5^\circ$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> <mml:mo>∘</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , the function-fitting ANN performed the best at 82.7%, while k-NN scored the highest overall performance of 89.3% when predicting RMSE $$&lt;10^\circ$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mo>∘</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . The density of wood did not directly correlate with the grain angle performance, but its inclusion as a feature together with the colour features improved the accuracy of the ML predictions. The colour features related to brightness were dominant features that affected performance. In summary, this study confirmed that wood colour as well as density plays an important role in the ability to determine grain angle by means of the tracheid effect using 650 nm lasers. Tracheid ; Materials science ; Light scattering ; Scattering ; Laser ; Optics ; Composite material ; Botany ; Biology ; Physics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research ; Identification and Quantification in Food
Authors: Ján Zbojovský | Ardian Hyseni | Jaroslav Petráš
Source: Sensors (article, 2025-09-20)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Partial Discharge Activity Inductive Sensors and the Application of Magnetic Materials The monitoring of partial discharge activity is part of very basic methods used to determine the status of insulation systems in high-voltage electric power devices. These methods use direct galvanic coupled measurement, measurement by inductive offline methods, or other non-electric methods. The inductive method requires sensitive inductive sensors, which detect the partial discharge pulses occurring in high-voltage circuits. The sensitivity of such sensors strongly depends on the design, construction, and materials of the sensor core. Therefore, knowledge of the magnetic material parameters of a sensor is crucial for obtaining optimal values in terms of the sensor's final sensitivity. In this experiment, experimental sensor cores were constructed using different magnetic materials and different sensor construction processes. For the laboratory experiments, two types of magnetic material were selected: a magnetic material based on Fe-Ni (Permalloy) and a magnetic material based on MO.Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. As a reference level for sensitivity, the minimum acceptable sensitivity was defined as the equivalent measuring sensitivity obtained using the direct galvanic measurement method. The optimal construction type and magnetic material for the sensor core of inductive sensors were determined. Partial discharge ; Sensitivity (control systems) ; Inductive sensor ; Magnetic core ; Galvanic cell ; Material properties ; Core (optical fiber) High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation ; Magnetic Field Sensors Techniques
Authors: Afshan Khaliq | Hongsheng Xu | Akeel Qadir | Ayesha Salman | Sichao Du | Munir Ali | Shihua Huang
Source: Nanomaterials (article, 2025-11-02)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Photogating Regimes in Graphene: Memory-Bearing and Reset-Free Operation We demonstrate photogating in a graphene/Si-SiO<sub>2</sub> stack, where vertical motion of photogenerated charge is converted into a corresponding change in graphene channel conductance in real time. Under pulsed illumination, holes accumulate at the Si/SiO<sub>2</sub> interface, creating a surface photovoltage that shifts the flat-band condition and electrostatically suppresses graphene conductance. A dual-readout scheme-simultaneously tracking interfacial charging dynamics and the graphene channel-cleanly separates optical charge injection (cause) from electronic transduction (effect). This separation allows for the direct extraction of practical figures of merit without conventional transfer sweeps, including flat-band shift per pulse, retention time constants, and trap occupancy. Interface kinetics then define two operating regimes: a fast, resettable detector when traps are sparse or rapid, and a trap-assisted analog-memory state when slow traps retain charge between pulses. The mechanism is complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible (CMOS-compatible) and needs no cryogenics or exotic materials. Together, these results outline a compact route to engineer integrating photodetectors, pixel-level memory for adaptive imaging, and neuromorphic optoelectronic elements that couple sensing with in situ computation. Graphene ; Conductance ; Tracking (education) ; Neuromorphic engineering ; Charge (physics) ; Detector ; Trap (plumbing) ; Surface photovoltage ; Stack (abstract data type) ; Nanopore Graphene research and applications ; 2D Materials and Applications ; Advanced Memory and Neural Computing
Authors: Sang-Min Shim | K. M. Yu | Minkyung Kim | Dasol Lee
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2025-07-21)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Numerical demonstration of a switchable binary-state metasurface for the spin hall effect of circularly polarized light The spin Hall effect of light, a transverse and spin-dependent splitting at an optical interface, generally depends on the interface properties. By contrast, the spin Hall effect of circularly polarized light is interface-independent, which aids precise nanoscale displacement control. However, the spin Hall-shifted beam generally exhibits low efficiency near normal incidence, where the shift is large. The static nature of metasurfaces with in-plane anisotropy that have been proposed to address this limitation renders them unsuitable for dynamic or reconfigurable applications. In this study, we numerically demonstrated an electrically tunable metasurface that enabled binary-state switching between spin-Hall-shifted and suppressed reflection efficiencies. The metasurface comprised a grating structure and an indium tin oxide layer, whose permittivity was dynamically modulated via an electrical bias, resulting in changes in the reflection amplitude and phase, and thus, in the spin Hall efficiency. Without an applied voltage, the metasurface exhibited suppressed reflection in the spin-Hall-shifted component. By contrast, the dominance switched to spin Hall-shifted reflection upon voltage application. This approach enables the selective control of the spin-dependent reflection intensity without altering the beam displacement, thereby facilitating reconfigurable spin-optical photonic systems. Binary number ; Spin (aerodynamics) ; Circular polarization ; Physics ; Spin Hall effect ; State (computer science) ; Condensed matter physics ; Hall effect ; Optics ; Optoelectronics ; Spin polarization ; Quantum mechanics ; Computer science ; Magnetic field ; Mathematics ; Algorithm Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Topological Materials and Phenomena ; Quantum optics and atomic interactions