jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Isaiah Catalino M. Pabuayon | Irish Lorraine B. Pabuayon | Rakesh Kumar Singh | Glen L. Ritchie | Benildo G. de los Reyes
Source: PLoS ONE (article, 2022-07-07)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Applicability of hyperspectral imaging during salinity stress in rice for tracking Na+ and K+ levels in planta The ratio of Na+ and K+ is an important determinant of the magnitude of Na+ toxicity and osmotic stress in plant cells. Traditional analytical approaches involve destructive tissue sampling and chemical analysis, where real-time observation of spatio-temporal experiments across genetic or breeding populations is unrealistic. Such an approach can also be very inaccurate and prone to erroneous biological interpretation. Analysis by Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) is an emerging non-destructive alternative for tracking plant nutrient status in a time-course with higher accuracy and reduced cost for chemical analysis. In this study, the feasibility and predictive power of HSI-based approach for spatio-temporal tracking of Na+ and K+ levels in tissue samples was explored using a panel recombinant inbred line (RIL) of rice (Oryza sativa L.; salt-sensitive IR29 x salt-tolerant Pokkali) with differential activities of the Na+ exclusion mechanism conferred by the SalTol QTL. In this panel of RILs the spectrum of salinity tolerance was represented by FL499 (super-sensitive), FL454 (sensitive), FL478 (tolerant), and FL510 (super-tolerant). Whole-plant image processing pipeline was optimized to generate HSI spectra during salinity stress at EC = 9 dS m-1. Spectral data was used to create models for Na+ and K+ prediction by partial least squares regression (PLSR). Three datasets, i.e., mean image pixel spectra, smoothened version of mean image pixel spectra, and wavelength bands, with wide differences in intensity between control and salinity facilitated the prediction models with high R2. The smoothened and filtered datasets showed significant improvements over the mean image pixel dataset. However, model prediction was not fully consistent with the empirical data. While the outcome of modeling-based prediction showed a great potential for improving the throughput capacity for salinity stress phenotyping, additional technical refinements including tissue-specific measurements is necessary to maximize the accuracy of prediction models. Hyperspectral imaging ; Salinity ; Water stress ; Stress (linguistics) ; Biology ; Botany ; Remote sensing ; Ecology ; Geology Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement ; Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement
Authors: MA Hashem | MR Islam | MM Hossain | AMM Nurul Alam | Md Rezaul Karim Khan
Source: Meat Research | ISSN (Online Version) 2790-1971 (article, 2022-12-30)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Prediction of chevon quality through near infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analyses The aim of this study was to test the ability of near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy to predictdry matter, crude protein, ether extract, ash, moisture, cooking loss, and drip loss of chevon. In total, 114 samples were collected from 38 young (two teeth aged) castrated goat carcasses from a local market in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. For conducting the studyExperimental longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were sampled from 9th to 13th ribs in the early morning hours. A total of 342 NIRs spectra were collected using the DLP NIRscan Nano Software and average spectrum was 114. Partial least square regression analysis for the calibration and validation models were developed using the Unscrambler X software. Prediction models were satisfactory for dry matter (R2 = 0.75), crude protein (R2 = 0.82), moisture (R2 = 0.75), and drip loss (R2 = 0.83). The most promising model found for ash (R2 = 0.85), and Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) also very low (0.15). Lowest R2 was found for cooking loss at 0.57. Based on these results, the NIR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis method were reasonably efficient for the rapid assessment of physicochemical traits of ash, drip loss, crude protein, moisture, and dry matter content of chevon. Dry matter ; Moisture ; Animal science ; Multivariate statistics ; Near-infrared spectroscopy ; Water content ; Organic matter ; Partial least squares regression ; Chemistry ; Mathematics ; Biology ; Statistics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Meat and Animal Product Quality
Authors: Guihui Duan | Ce Zhang | Dongsheng Yang | Zhaolong Wang
Source: Biomimetics (article, 2022-11-16)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Theoretical Design of a Bionic Spatial 3D-Arrayed Multifocal Metalens With the development of micro/nano-optics, metasurfaces are gaining increasing attention working as novel electromagnetic wave control devices. Among which, metalenses have been developed and applied as a typical application of metasurfaces owing to their unique optical properties. However, most of those previous metalenses can only produce one focal point, which severely limits their applications. Inspired by the fly compound eye, we propose a special kind of spatial multifocal metalens. Our metalenses can reverse the polarization state of the incident circularly polarized light, which is then focused. In addition, a horizontally aligned multifocal metalens can be achieved by designing reasonable phase and region distributions, which is similar to a vertically aligned one. Most significantly, a spatially 3D-arrayed multifocal metalens with low crosstalk is well achieved by combining these two distribution methods. The proposed bionic 3D-arrayed multifocal metalens with amazing focusing effect promises applications in imaging, nanoparticle manipulation, optical communication, and other fields. Optics ; Crosstalk ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Focal point ; Materials science ; Optoelectronics ; Physics ; Cardinal point ; Chemistry Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Photonic Crystals and Applications
Authors: Meng He | Yehong Hu | Jin Chen | Jiazhao Zhang | Helong Li | Changgeng Cai
Source: Shock and Vibration (article, 2022-02-23)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Numerical Simulation Study on Parameter Optimization of Time Sequential Controlled Blasting In order to reduce the damage of blasting to rock mass and improve the half-hole rate of presplitting blasting, the dynamic finite element analysis software ANSYS/LS-DYNA is used to simulate and analyze the action process of sequential controlled blasting. The effects of the detonation delay time of the postblasting hole and the hole spacing of the postblasting hole on the crack formation of the sequential controlled presplitting blasting are studied. The results show that when the blast hole with a diameter of 42 mm is used for sequential controlled presplitting blasting and the first blast hole pitch is 60 cm, the reasonable detonation delay time is 80∼120 μs. When the detonation delay time is 80 μs, the reasonable postblast hole spacing is 60 cm. Field tests show that when reasonable optimized blasting parameters are used, presplit blasting with sequential control can reduce drilling workload and explosive consumption. The sequential controlled presplitting blasting not only increases the hole spacing but also plays a better role in protecting the surrounding rock. Detonation ; Explosive material ; Rock blasting ; Structural engineering ; Drilling and blasting ; Materials science ; Engineering ; Geotechnical engineering High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior ; Rock Mechanics and Modeling ; Structural Response to Dynamic Loads
Authors: Marcelo M. Werneck | Paulo H. S. Pinto | Renato Bellini | Regina C. Allil
Source: Sensors (article, 2022-07-04)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Optical Sensor for Monitoring Leakage Current and Weather Conditions in a 500-kV Transmission Line The leakage current (LC) caused by the surface contamination of insulators, together with environmental variables, is one of the most basic online monitoring parameters for insulator status. However, the impact of weather conditions such as temperature, air humidity, and dew point on the LC has not been deeply studied until now. In this paper, based on meteorological data obtained online and LC obtained with an optical fiber sensor, installed in 500-kV insulator strings of a transmission line, the impact of weather conditions was studied. Results indicate that the LCs follow a specific pattern, according to weather conditions. The system has been continuously monitoring LC, humidity, temperature, and dew point uninterrupted for three years, sending the acquired data to a web page; therefore, it has been demonstrated to be robust, reliable, and repetitive. The sensor features the broadband response and acquisition capabilities of partial discharge pulses in high-voltage insulators, allowing the detection of high-frequency pulses. When comparing the LC measured in this work with those from other works, our measurements are substantially higher; this is due to the type of pollution found in this specific situation, which includes iron oxide powder, producing a conductive layer over the insulator surface that, unlike sea salt, does not depend on humidity to conduct an LC. One of the conclusions reached in this work is that partial discharge surges are caused when the local temperature reaches the dew point and not simply from the presence of high humidity, as stated in many works dealing with LCs. The monitored LC can be used as an indicative parameter of a possible flashover, enabling the proper planning of insulator predictive maintenance, either by jet-washing the surface or even changing the insulators when they are damaged. Dew point ; Humidity ; Insulator (electricity) ; Environmental science ; Dew ; Transmission line ; Wind speed ; Leakage (economics) ; Voltage ; Meteorology ; Partial discharge ; Materials science ; Remote sensing ; Optoelectronics ; Electrical engineering ; Engineering ; Physics ; Geology High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Magnetic Field Sensors Techniques ; Magneto-Optical Properties and Applications
Authors: Gustavo de Oliveira Machado | Luciano Coutinho Gomes | A. W. F. V. Silveira | Carlos Eduardo Moreira Tavares | D.A. Andrade
Source: Energies (article, 2022-04-04)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Impacts of Harmonic Voltage Distortions on the Dynamic Behavior and the PRPD Patterns of Partial Discharges in an Air Cavity Inside a Solid Dielectric Material The monitoring of partial discharges (PDs) is one of the main methods used worldwide for evaluation and diagnosis of the insulation conditions in equipment powered by medium and high voltages. The occurrence of PDs is usually an indication of the appearance of insulation defects, which over time can compromise the dielectric withstand of the material used, increasing the probability of complete breakdown. In general, laboratory tests for detecting and registering PDs are carried out using purely sinusoidal voltages. However, it is very common for an electrical asset to be subjected at some point in its operating life to voltages distorted by harmonic components. Some studies reported in the literature reveal that harmonic distortions can affect the PDs’ characteristics, nevertheless, the effects of individual harmonic components on PDs still need to be analyzed. In this context, this paper proposes to evaluate the impacts of harmonic voltage distortions on the dynamic behavior and the phase-resolved partial discharge (PRPD) patterns of PDs in an air cavity within a solid dielectric material. For this, a simulation model was implemented, which was used to analyze the effects of applying distorted voltages composed of different harmonic orders (third, fifth, and seventh) and distinct levels of distortion (1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). In addition, the influence of the third harmonic phase angle on PDs is also analyzed. The results extracted from the simulations revealed that the harmonic distortions caused changes in the numbers of PDs per cycle, in the mean apparent charges of the PDs per cycle, and in the PRPD patterns’ characteristics. These changes were very significant for higher distortion levels, which in practice may impair the interpretation of PD measurement records for the diagnosis of the condition of the insulation system. Partial discharge ; Voltage ; Harmonic ; Total harmonic distortion ; Context (archaeology) ; Materials science ; Dielectric ; Harmonics ; Acoustics ; Phase (matter) ; Electrical engineering ; Optoelectronics ; Physics ; Engineering High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation ; Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena
Authors: Longlong Ren | Zhenxiang JING | Fei Xia | John Z. H. Zhang | Yang Li
Source: Molecules (article, 2022-07-18)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Toxic Effect of Fullerene and Its Derivatives upon the Transmembrane β2-Adrenergic Receptors Numerous experiments have revealed that fullerene (C<sub>60</sub>) and its derivatives can bind to proteins and affect their biological functions. In this study, we explored the interaction between fullerine and the β<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic receptor (β<sub>2</sub>AR). The MD simulation results show that fullerene binds with the extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) and intracellular loop 2 (ICL2) of β<sub>2</sub>AR through hydrophobic interactions and π-π stacking interactions. In the C<sub>60</sub>_in1 trajectory, due to the π-π stacking interactions of fullerene molecules with PHE and PRO residues on ICL2, ICL2 completely flipped towards the fullerene direction and the fullerene moved slowly into the lipid membrane. When five fullerene molecules were placed on the extracellular side, they preferred to stack into a stable fullerene cluster (a deformed tetrahedral aggregate), and had almost no effect on the structure of β<sub>2</sub>AR. The hydroxyl groups of fullerene derivatives (C<sub>60</sub>(OH)<sub>X</sub>, X represents the number of hydroxyl groups, X = 4, 8) can form strong hydrogen bonds with the ECL2, helix6, and helix7 of β<sub>2</sub>AR. The hydroxyl groups firmly grasp the β<sub>2</sub>AR receptor like several claws, blocking the binding entry of ligands. The simulation results show that fullerene and fullerene derivatives may have a significant effect on the local structure of β<sub>2</sub>AR, especially the distortion of helix4, but bring about no great changes within the overall structure. It was found that C<sub>60</sub> did not compete with ligands for binding sites, but blocked the ligands' entry into the pocket channel. All the above observations suggest that fullerene and its derivatives exhibit certain cytotoxicity. Fullerene ; Stacking ; Molecule ; Chemistry ; Hydrogen bond ; Receptor ; Molecular dynamics ; Stereochemistry ; Biophysics ; Computational chemistry ; Biology ; Biochemistry ; Organic chemistry Fullerene Chemistry and Applications ; Pharmacological Effects and Assays ; Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research
Authors: Sven Nagorny | Thea Weingartz | Jan C. Namyslo | Jörg Adams | Andreas Schmidt
Source: European Journal of Organic Chemistry (article, 2022-10-19)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Correlation between Absorption and Substitution of Photochromic 1,2‐Bis(thienyl)ethenes (BTEs) Using Modified Spectroscopic Hammett Equations Abstract Series of photochromic 1,2‐bis(thienyl)ethenes possessing perfluorocyclopentene backbones, either hydrogen or methyl groups at the β‐positions of the thiophenes, and a variety of substituents in their α'‐positions were prepared, which cover the range from electron‐donating to electron‐withdrawing (Me, −CH 2 OH, −OTBS, −TMS, −Br, 1,3‐dioxan‐2‐yl, pyridin‐4‐yl, −CH 2 OH, −COOH). As a linear free energy relationship the spectroscopic Hammett equation gives fair to excellent fits to the excitation energy of the absorption maxima of the ring‐opened as well as the ring‐closed forms of the BTEs, when Hammett substituent constants σ p were replaced by Brown's modified substituent constants σ p + and σ p − . Vice versa , hitherto unknown Hammett‐Brown substituent constants can be estimated from the UV spectra. Furthermore, we compared the experimentally measured absorption maxima with values which we calculated by three different methods (DFT STEOM‐DLPNO‐CCSD/def2‐TZVPP, TD‐DFT ωB97X‐D3/6‐31G*, TD‐DFT ωB97X‐D3/6‐311++G**). Chemistry ; Substituent ; Hammett equation ; Photochromism ; Ring (chemistry) ; Polar effect ; Absorption (acoustics) ; Absorption spectroscopy ; Photochemistry ; Reaction rate constant ; Computational chemistry ; Medicinal chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Kinetics Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry Cycloaddition Reactions ; Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
Authors: Faiz Ali | Zuber Shah | Alamgir Khan | Maria Saadia | Zeid A. ALOthman | Won Jo Cheong
Source: RSC Advances (article, 2022-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Synthesis, column packing and liquid chromatography of molecularly imprinted polymers for the acid black 1, acid black 210, and acid Brown 703 dyes Molecularly imprinted polymers have been synthesized for the acid black 1, acid black 210, and acid brown 703 dyes using methacrylic acid, ethylene glycol, and azobisisobutyronitrile as the monomer, cross-linker, and initiator, respectively, in the ratio of 1 : 10 : 44 (template:monomer:cross-linker). The MIPs were used for the selective removal of their corresponding dyes. The selective nature of the MIPs towards their respective dyes was confirmed by a homemade liquid chromatography system. The resultant polymer materials were packed in a stainless steel column and checked for the separation of mixtures of dyes in liquid chromatography. The dyes complementary in structure to the imprinted cavities in the MIPs had long retention times, showing the highly selective nature of the MIPs. The pH, quantity of the MIPs, time, and concentration of the dyes were optimized for the highly efficient removal of the newly synthesized MIP adsorbents in batch adsorption studies. First-order, second-order, and intra-particle diffusion models were applied to all the three MIP-based adsorbents for their kinetic investigations towards the dyes. All the three MIPs selectively absorbed their target template molecule in the presence of four other template dyes having closely related structures with % RSD < 4% for the three batch experiments. The synthesized MIPs were characterized by FTIR, SEM imaging and liquid chromatography. FTIR results strongly confirmed the presence of hydrogen bonding interactions (600-900) between the template and the individual monomers present in the unwashed MIPs. Liquid chromatography revealed the highly selective nature of the MIPs towards their template molecules. The synthesized polymeric substances possess excellent thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability and can be reused several hundred times. The MIPs were applied in the removal of dyes from spiked water samples (river water, tap water and distilled water) where the % removal of the dyes by their corresponding MIPs was greater than 90%. Molecularly imprinted polymer ; Environmental remediation ; Chemistry ; Chromatography ; Characterization (materials science) ; Polymer ; Molecular imprinting ; Column (typography) ; High-performance liquid chromatography ; Column chromatography ; Chemical engineering ; Materials science ; Organic chemistry ; Selectivity ; Nanotechnology ; Contamination ; Catalysis ; Computer science Analytical chemistry methods development ; Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography ; Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
Authors: Y. Nezili | A. Mdarhri | I. El Aboudi | Christian Brosseau | Mustapha Zaghrioui | Achraf Ghorbal | Delong He | Jinbo Bai
Source: Polymer (article, 2022-11-27)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Solvent polarity impacts the sorption kinetics and tensile properties of carbon black filled elastomers Sorption ; Solvent ; Materials science ; Polymer ; Carbon black ; Toluene ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Wetting ; Hildebrand solubility parameter ; Polymer chemistry ; Swelling ; Chemical engineering ; Chemistry ; Composite material ; Organic chemistry ; Adsorption Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties ; Polymer crystallization and properties ; Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
Authors: Fatima Hattab | Samir Kadi | Salima Lellou | Réda Marouf | Hadj Benhebal
Source: Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society (article, 2022-08-10)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Synthesis, characterization and application of intercalated and tubular kaolinite for the removal of basic yellow 28 Physisorption ; Kaolinite ; Intercalation (chemistry) ; Endothermic process ; Adsorption ; Cationic polymerization ; Exothermic reaction ; Chemistry ; Chemical engineering ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; Bromide ; Enthalpy ; Inorganic chemistry ; Materials science ; Nuclear chemistry ; Mineralogy ; Physical chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Thermodynamics Clay minerals and soil interactions ; Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal ; Adsorption, diffusion, and thermodynamic properties of materials
Authors: Aofei Li | Jie Liu | Ziwei Qin | Wang Lu | Lu Li | Keyong Tang | Ying Pei
Source: Journal of Applied Polymer Science (article, 2022-04-21)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Black wattle tannin‐immobilized mesostructured collagen as a promising adsorbent for cationic organic dyes (methylene blue) removal in batch and continuous fixed‐bed systems Abstract Black wattle tannin‐immobilized mesostructured collagen (TC) was synthesized by using exfoliated mesostructured collagen as carriers. The structure of TC was characterized by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and zeta potential test. Methylene blue (MB) as a cationic dye model was applied to evaluate the adsorption ability of TC through batch and continuous fixed‐bed system experiments. Results of batch adsorption experiment indicated that the adsorption behaviors of TC conformed to the Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model as well as the intraparticle diffusion model. The maximum adsorption amount ( Q max ) of TC was 46.5 mg/g at 303 K. Fixed‐bed adsorption experiments revealed that the initial concentration, flow rate, and column height significantly influenced the removal of MB, and all breakthrough curves were well fitted by Thomas and Yoon‐Nelson models. Adsorption–desorption experiments demonstrated that TC possessed excellent stability and reusable ability. The removal efficiency of MB was still above 80% after five adsorption–desorption cycles. The excellent adsorption capacity of TC owed to the immobilized tannins as binding sites to MB and support of mesostructured collagen with hierarchical structure. This work developed a novel collagen‐based adsorption material for efficient removal of cationic dye. Adsorption ; Cationic polymerization ; Methylene blue ; Zeta potential ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; Nuclear chemistry ; Chemical engineering ; Freundlich equation ; Chromatography ; Chemistry ; Desorption ; Materials science ; Organic chemistry ; Nanotechnology ; Nanoparticle Collagen: Extraction and Characterization ; Microplastics and Plastic Pollution ; Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers
Authors: A. Germain | J. Sercombe | C. Riglet-Martial | C. Introïni | L. Noirot | Yves Pontillon | Philippe Maugis | Christine Guéneau
Source: Journal of Nuclear Materials (article, 2022-01-14)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Modeling high burnup fuel thermochemistry, fission product release and fuel melting during the VERDON 1 and RT6 tests Burnup ; Fission products ; Nuclear fission product ; Thermochemistry ; Chemistry ; Nuclear fuel ; Fission ; Diffusion ; Radiochemistry ; Thermodynamics ; Materials science ; Nuclear physics ; Nuclear chemistry ; Physical chemistry ; Neutron ; Physics Nuclear Materials and Properties ; Nuclear reactor physics and engineering ; Radioactive element chemistry and processing