jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Bavya Mavila Chathoth | Heike Helmholz | Nina Angrisani | Björn Wiese | Janin Reifenrath | Regine Willumeit‐Römer
Source: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A (article, 2024-12-24)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Investigating the Potential of Magnesium Microparticles on Cartilage and Bone Regeneration Utilizing an In Vitro Osteoarthritis Model Osteoarthritis (OA) is a significant condition that profoundly impacts synovial joints, including cartilage and subchondral bone plate. Biomaterials that can impede OA progression are a promising alternative or supplement to anti-inflammatory and surgical interventions. Magnesium (Mg) alloys known for bone regeneration potential were assessed in the form of Mg microparticles regarding their impact on tissue regeneration and prevention of OA progression. In vitro assays based on mesenchymal stem cells (SCP-1) were applied to evaluate the Mg microparticle's compatibility and function. Biocompatibility documented through live-dead staining and lactate dehydrogenase assay revealed a 90% cell viability at a concentration below 10 mM after 3 days of exposure. An in vitro OA model based on the supplementation of the cytokines IL-1β, and TNF-α was established and disclosed the effect of Mg degradation products in differentiating SCP-1 cells. Sustained differentiation was confirmed through extracellular matrix staining and increased gene marker expression. The Mg supplementation reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) while promoting the expression of proteins such as collagen X, collagen I, and osteopontin in a time-dependent manner. The in vitro study suggests that Mg microparticles hold a therapeutic potential for OA treatment with their ability to support bone and cartilage repair mechanisms even under inflammatory conditions. Osteopontin ; Osteoarthritis ; Cartilage ; Mesenchymal stem cell ; Proinflammatory cytokine ; Viability assay ; Biocompatibility ; Extracellular matrix ; Materials science ; Regeneration (biology) ; In vitro ; Cell biology ; Biomedical engineering ; Inflammation ; Pathology ; Medicine ; Immunology ; Chemistry ; Biology ; Biochemistry ; Anatomy Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications ; Orthopaedic implants and arthroplasty ; Connective tissue disorders research
Authors: Won Beom Choi | Youngoh Son | Hangyeol Park | Yungi Jeong | Junhyeok Oh | K. Watanabe | T. Taniguchi | Joonho Jang
Source: Applied Physics Letters (preprint, 2024-07-15)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Characterization of a graphene-hBN superlattice field effect transistor Graphene provides a unique platform for hosting high quality 2D electron systems. Encapsulating graphene with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) to shield it from noisy environments offers the potential to achieve ultrahigh performance nanodevices, such as photodiodes and transistors. However, the absence of a bandgap at the Dirac point presents challenges for using this system as a useful transistor. In this study, we investigated the functionality of hBN-aligned monolayer graphene as a field effect transistor (FET). By precisely aligning the hBN and graphene, bandgaps open at the first Dirac point and at the hole-doped induced Dirac point via an interfacial moiré potential. To characterize this as a submicrometer scale FET, we fabricated a global bottom gate to tune the density of a conducting channel and a local top gate to switch off this channel. This demonstrated that the system could be tuned to an optimal on/off ratio regime by separately controlling the gates. These findings provide a valuable reference point for the further development of FETs based on graphene heterostructures. Graphene ; Materials science ; Transistor ; Field-effect transistor ; Optoelectronics ; Nanotechnology ; Heterojunction ; Hexagonal boron nitride ; Superlattice ; Characterization (materials science) ; Electrical engineering ; Voltage ; Engineering Graphene research and applications ; Quantum and electron transport phenomena ; 2D Materials and Applications
Authors: Di Yi | Aihua Tang | Margaret Kane | Liubin Xu | J. P. Liu | Zhiying Cheng | Christoph Klewe | Alpha T. N’Diaye | Padraic Shafer | Pu Yu | Rong Yu | Haixuan Xu | Yuanhua Lin | Ce‐Wen Nan | Y. Suzuki
Source: Advanced Functional Materials (article, 2024-02-08)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Enhanced Ferromagnetism in Atomically Thin Oxides Achieved by Interfacial Reconstruction Abstract Discoveries of ferromagnetic materials with ultrathin thickness are of great importance for both fundamental science and technological applications. Transition metal oxides (TMOs) provide promising candidates in the context of next‐generation spintronics, despite the severe decay of ferromagnetism as the thickness reduces to the nanometer regime. Here, an efficient strategy to eliminate the magnetic dead layer in atomically thin oxides is presented, by using the epitaxial interface of 3 d and 5 d oxide monolayers that reconciles both strong exchange interaction and large uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. Combining multiple experimental methods, a ferromagnetic transition in an ultrathin oxide heterostructure comprised of only one La 0.2 Sr 0.8 MnO 3 monolayer sandwiched by SrIrO 3 monolayer (total thickness of three unit‐cells) is unambiguously demonstrated. Remarkably, a largely enhanced saturation magnetization (2 µ B Mn −1 ) and Curie temperature (80 K) are observed for the single manganite monolayer, as compared to previously reported ferromagnetic monolayer oxides. The results demonstrate a general strategy for creating robust ferromagnetism in ultrathin TMOs, potentially enabling novel oxide spin‐orbitronic devices. Monolayer ; Materials science ; Ferromagnetism ; Spintronics ; Curie temperature ; Condensed matter physics ; Heterojunction ; Magnetization ; Transition metal ; Magnetic anisotropy ; Oxide ; Exchange bias ; Epitaxy ; Nanotechnology ; Optoelectronics ; Layer (electronics) ; Magnetic field ; Metallurgy Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials ; Advanced Condensed Matter Physics ; Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides
Authors: Kaiqing Liang | Mingdong Zhu | Xi Qin | Ziqing Meng | Pengfei Wang | Jiangfeng Du
Source: Review of Scientific Instruments (article, 2024-02-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Field-programmable-gate-array based hardware platform for nitrogen-vacancy center based fast magnetic imaging A nitrogen-vacancy center based scanning magnetic microscope can be used to characterize magnetics at the nanoscale with high sensitivity. This paper reports a field-programmable-gate-array based hardware system that is designed to realize control and signal readout for fast scanning magnetic imaging with a nitrogen-vacancy center. A 10-channel 1 Msps @ 20 bit analog signal generator, a 12-channel 50 ps resolution pulse generator, a 300 Msps @ 16 bit lock-in amplifier with proportional integral derivative control function, and a 4-channel 200 Msps counter are integrated on the platform. A customized acceleration algorithm is realized with the re-configurable field-programmable-gate-array chip to accelerate the imaging speed of the nitrogen-vacancy system, and the experimental results prove that the imaging efficiency can be accelerated by five times compared to the system without the acceleration algorithm. The platform has considerable potential for future applications of fast scanning magnetic imaging. Gate array ; Amplifier ; Field-programmable gate array ; SIGNAL (programming language) ; Materials science ; Computer hardware ; Physics ; Electrical engineering ; CMOS ; Computer science ; Optoelectronics ; Engineering Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications ; Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications
Authors: Helena C. L. Klip | Cédric L. Meunier | Maarten Boersma
Source: Hydrobiologia (article, 2024-02-08)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Less variability when growing faster? Experimental assessment of the relationship of growth rate with functional traits of the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Abstract Diversity and its drivers and consequences are at the heart of ecological research. Mostly, studies have focused on different species, but if the causes for increases or decreases in diversity are general, the observed patterns should also be observable within genotypes. As previous research shows that there is higher variability in nitrogen to phosphorus ratios (N/P) between slow-growing unicellular algal populations, compared to fast-growing ones, we expected to observe similar patterns within genetically identical strains growing at different rates. We tested this hypothesis in a laboratory experiment performed with a monoculture of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum . Using a growth rate gradient obtained with 10 chemostats, we were able to determine the effect of growth rate on the diatom’s elemental stoichiometry as well as on selected traits, such as cell size and shape. Our results showed indeed less intercellular variability (in the selected traits assessed on single-cell level) in the faster-growing populations, which was accompanied by a downward trend in bulk N/P ratios. We pose that this higher variability at lower growth rates potentially results in higher variability of the food sources available for higher trophic levels with potential consequences for the transfer efficiency of energy and matter in marine food webs. Phaeodactylum tricornutum ; Diatom ; Biology ; Trophic level ; Growth rate ; Monoculture ; Phosphorus ; Ecology ; Phytoplankton ; Nutrient ; Chemistry Diatoms and Algae Research ; Marine and coastal ecosystems ; Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
Authors: Igor Peñalva | María Urrestizala | Jon Azkurreta | Natalia Alegría | M. Malo | Belit Garcinuño | J. M. Rodríguez Patino | D. Rapisarda
Source: Fusion Engineering and Design (article, 2024-01-10)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Experimental determination of the solubility of hydrogen in a quality certified eutectic PbLi alloy The efficient operation of the liquid breeding blankets relies on the correct definition of the transport parameters of protium, deuterium and tritium in PbLi liquid metals with an eutectic composition. This is the case of the DCLL blanket or the WCLL, where the solubility and diffusivity values will affect to the induced tritium flux in terms of magnitude and kinetics. However, there exists a huge band in the literature for the results obtained experimentally for the solubility of the isotopes in the mentioned liquid metal alloy, which is unacceptable from the designing point of view. Moreover, the exact content of lithium and the impurities that the PbLi alloy may contain seems to be another key issue that needs to be faced. This work shows the preliminary results obtained in a new measurement campaign carried out with samples of PbLi qualified in terms of impurities and lithium content. These samples have been tested in the Absorption-Desorption facility of the UPV/EHU that has been recently repaired and upgraded as part of EUROfusion program in collaboration with CIEMAT. Materials science ; Solubility ; Impurity ; Eutectic system ; Alloy ; Lithium (medication) ; Deuterium ; Blanket ; Thermal diffusivity ; Hydrogen ; Tritium ; Nuclear engineering ; Desorption ; Absorption (acoustics) ; Radiochemistry ; Thermodynamics ; Nuclear physics ; Metallurgy ; Chemistry ; Composite material ; Adsorption ; Physics ; Physical chemistry Fusion materials and technologies ; Nuclear Materials and Properties ; Molten salt chemistry and electrochemical processes
Authors: X. Corres | Natalia Gómez | C. Boente | J.R. Gallego | Carlos Sierra
Source: Chemosphere (article, 2024-04-24)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A novel algorithm for optimizing hydrocyclone operations in the decontamination of potentially toxic elements in soils We present the Three-Parameter Penalized Attributive Analysis for Upgrading (3PPAA-U) method as a tool for selecting the Best Upgrading Condition (BUC) in process engineering. Conventional approaches tend to consider only maximizing recovery (ε) and minimizing yield (γc); in contrast, the proposed 3PPAA-U introduces and seeks to maximize a third parameter, the grade (λ). This multi-parameter approach has not yet been explored in existing literature. In addition to controlling multiple parameters, the method is also superior to others as it includes inverse standard deviation weighting to avoid the distortion of results due to data dispersion. This reduces the possibility of drawing conclusions based on extreme values. Furthermore, the method can be used with a target-to-distance correction to optimize separation for multi-component feeds. To illustrate our method, we present a practical application of 3PPAA-U. Soil contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) was subject to hydrocycloning under 12 different experimental conditions. Results of these 12 experiments were compared using 3PPAA-U and conventional methods to identify the best upgrading conditions (BUC). Analysis reveals that the 3PPAA-U approach offers a simple and effective criterion for selecting BUC. Furthermore, 3PPAA-U has uses beyond soil remediation. It offers a versatile tool for optimizing operations across various processing and manufacturing environments offering a way to manage factors such as concentration, temperature, pressure, pH, Eh, grain size, and even broader environmental and economic considerations. Weighting ; Hydrocyclone ; Algorithm ; Process (computing) ; Mathematical optimization ; Computer science ; Environmental remediation ; Process engineering ; Biochemical engineering ; Contamination ; Mathematics ; Engineering Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies
Authors: Taisei Masuda | O Minho | Equo Kobayashi
Source: Materials (article, 2024-07-13)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Fabrication and Characterization of Biomedical Ti-Mg Composites via Spark Plasma Sintering The fabrication of Ti-Mg composite biomaterials was investigated using spark plasma sintering (SPS) with varying Mg contents and sintering pressures. The effects of powder mixing, Mg addition, and sintering pressure on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composite materials were systematically analyzed. Uniform dispersion of Mg within the Ti matrix was achieved, confirming the efficacy of ethanol-assisted ball milling for consistent mixing. The Young’s modulus of the composite materials exhibited a linear decrease with increasing Mg content, with Ti-30vol%Mg and Ti-50vol%Mg demonstrating reduced modulus values compared to pure Ti. Based on density measurements, compression tests, and Young’s modulus results, it was determined that the sinterability of Ti-30vol%Mg saturates at a sintering pressure of approximately 50 MPa. Moreover, our immersion tests in physiological saline underscore the profound significance of our findings. Ti-30vol%Mg maintained compressive strength above that of cortical bone for 6-to-10 days, with mechanical integrity improving under higher sintering pressures. These findings mark a significant leap towards the development of Ti-Mg composite biomaterials with tailored mechanical properties, thereby enhancing biocompatibility and osseointegration for a wide range of biomedical applications. Spark plasma sintering ; Materials science ; Fabrication ; Composite material ; Sintering ; Characterization (materials science) ; Plasma ; SPARK (programming language) ; Nanotechnology Titanium Alloys Microstructure and Properties ; Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties ; Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications
Authors: Maximilien Glorieux | Thierry Bonnoit | Thomas Lange | R. Gaillard | Issam Nofal | L. Artola | C. Poivey | David Levacq | R. Rey | H. Kettunen | Cesar Boatella Polo
Source: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (article, 2024-05-07)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Methods for Proton Direct Ionization SEU Characterization and Orbital Error-Rate Estimation In space environments, protons can cause single event effects either by direct ionization or by nuclear reactions whose secondary products deposit charges in sensitive regions. Given the low linear energy transfer value of proton, the direct ionization contribution was usually considered negligible in technologies larger than 65 nm. However, as a result of the technology scaling and the voltage reduction, the minimum amount of charge required to invert the state of a memory cell has significantly decreased. and direct ionization mechanism can even dominate the low earth orbit error rates, in some specific conditions. Proton direct ionization occurs only at very low energies, near the ionization Bragg peak. Therefore, its experimental characterization requires specific beam characteristics and the corresponding methods to evaluate the orbital upset rates. This work proposes two methodologies to characterize the sensitivity of SRAM devices to proton direct ionization and details the procedures for orbital error rates calculation. Both approaches were applied to a set of four SRAM devices, ranging from 65 nm down to 16 nm FinFET and the resulting upset rates were cross-validated to evaluate their accuracy. The respective advantages and limitations of each methodology are discussed, taking into account the specific constraints related to the test facilities and the device under test. Proton ; Ionization ; Characterization (materials science) ; Physics ; Atomic physics ; Error analysis ; Computational physics ; Nuclear physics ; Optics ; Ion ; Mathematics Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques ; Photocathodes and Microchannel Plates ; Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
Authors: Gabriel Lazrak | Börge Göbel | A. Barthélémy | Ingrid Mertig | Annika Johansson | Manuel Bibès
Source: Physical Review Research (article, 2024-04-22)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Boosting the Edelstein effect of two-dimensional electron gases by ferromagnetic exchange Strontium titanate (<a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><a:msub><a:mi>SrTiO</a:mi><a:mn>3</a:mn></a:msub></a:math>) two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) have broken spatial inversion symmetry and possess a finite Rashba spin-orbit coupling. This enables the interconversion of charge and spin currents through the direct and inverse Edelstein effects, with record efficiencies at low temperature but more modest effects at room temperature. Here, we show that making these 2DEGs ferromagnetic enhances the conversion efficiency by nearly one order of magnitude. Starting from the experimental band structure of nonmagnetic <b:math xmlns:b="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><b:msub><b:mi>SrTiO</b:mi><b:mn>3</b:mn></b:msub></b:math> 2DEGs, we mimic magnetic exchange coupling by introducing an out-of-plane Zeeman term in a tight-binding model. We then calculate the band structure and spin textures for increasing internal magnetic fields and compute the Edelstein effect using a semiclassical Boltzmann approach. We find that the conversion efficiency first increases strongly with increasing magnetic field, then shows a maximum, and finally decreases. This field dependence is caused by the competition of the exchange coupling with the effective Rashba interaction. While the magnetic field enhances the splitting of band pairs (both in momentum and in spin expectation value), it also weakens the in-plane Rashba-type spin texture. The former mechanism increases the Edelstein effect, and the latter reduces it. Published by the American Physical Society 2024 Ferromagnetism ; Boosting (machine learning) ; Condensed matter physics ; Materials science ; Physics ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides ; Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials ; Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
Authors: Lisa Leyssens | Walid El Aazmani | Tim Balcaen | Pascal Jacques | Sandrine Horman | Jeremy Goldman | Greet Kerckhofs
Source: Acta Biomaterialia (article, 2024-11-17)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

MicroCT and contrast-enhanced microCT to study the in vivo degradation behavior and biocompatibility of candidate metallic intravascular stent materials Biocompatibility ; Materials science ; Biomedical engineering ; Degradation (telecommunications) ; Contrast (vision) ; Stent ; In vivo ; Radiology ; Metallurgy ; Medicine ; Optics Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition ; Metal and Thin Film Mechanics ; Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications
Authors: Priyanka Das | Keertana Sarvani Chilakapati
Source: Silicon (article, 2024-11-21)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Z-slotted Silicon Dioxide Based Tunable Polarization Converter Design Using Graphene-VO2 Composite for Detection of Cancer Materials science ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Graphene ; Optoelectronics ; Energy conversion efficiency ; Metamaterial ; Optics ; Nanotechnology ; Physics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Antenna Design and Analysis ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
Authors: Sophie J. Specht | Sabrina Rohringer | Pia Hager | Christian Grasl | Andreas Schmitt | Virginia J. C. Pach | Katharina Ehrmann | Stefan Baudis | Robert Liska | Herbert Kiss | Karl H. Schneider | Bruno K. Podesser | Helga Bergmeister
Source: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A (article, 2024-11-29)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Decellularized Extracellular Matrix and Polyurethane Vascular Grafts Have Positive Effects on the Inflammatory and Pro‐Thrombotic State of Aged Endothelial Cells In vitro assessment of small-diameter synthetic vascular grafts usually uses standard cell culture conditions with early-passage cells. However, these conduits are mainly implanted in elderly patients and are subject to complex cellular interactions influenced by age and inflammation. Understanding these factors is central to the development of vascular grafts tailored to the specific needs of patients. In this study, the effects of aged endothelial cells subjected to pro- and anti-inflammatory agents and cultivated on a newly developed biodegradable electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane/poly(urethane-urea) blend (TPU/TPUU), on clinically available expanded polytetrafluorethylene (ePTFE), and on decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) grafts were investigated. Young and aged endothelial cells were exposed to pro- and anti-inflammatory agents and characterized by morphology, migration capacity, and gene expression. In addition, the cells were seeded onto the various graft materials and examined microscopically alongside gene expression analyses. When exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines, young and aged cells demonstrated signs of endothelial activation. Cells seeded on ePTFE showed reduced attachment and increased expression of pro-inflammatory genes compared with the other materials. dECM and TPU/TPUU substrates provided better support for endothelialization with aged cells under inflammatory conditions compared with ePTFE. Moreover, TPU/TPUU showed positive effects on reducing pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory gene expression in endothelial cells. Our results thus emphasize the importance of developing new synthetic graft materials as an alternative for clinically used ePTFE. Decellularization ; Extracellular matrix ; Materials science ; Inflammation ; Endothelial stem cell ; Cell biology ; In vitro ; Biomedical engineering ; Immunology ; Medicine ; Chemistry ; Biology ; Biochemistry Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications ; Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine ; Infectious Aortic and Vascular Conditions