jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: YUSUF JOHN | Emidun Benjamin
Source: International Journal of Design and Fashion Studies (article, 2023-06-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ELECTRIC YARN WINDER FOR HAND-WOVEN FABRIC PRODUCTION Hand weaving is a traditional craft that produces unique and intricate fabrics. However, the manual winding of yarn onto bobbins is a time-consuming and labor-intensive process that hinders the productivity of hand-weavers. To address this challenge, this study presents the design and fabrication of an Electric Yarn Winder (EYW) specifically tailored for hand-woven fabric production. The Electric Yarn Winder automates the yarn winding process, significantly improving the efficiency and productivity of hand-weavers. The system consists of a motor-driven yarn winder mechanism, a tensioning unit, a yarn length measurement system, and an intuitive control panel. The design of the EYW prioritizes ease of use, reliability, and versatility. The motor-driven yarn winder mechanism enables consistent and uniform winding, ensuring high-quality bobbins ready for use in the weaving process. The tensioning unit ensures appropriate tension control, preventing yarn breakage and ensuring optimal yarn feed. The yarn length measurement system provides accurate measurement and monitoring of the yarn length wound onto each bobbin, enabling precise yarn management during weaving. The control panel of the Electric Yarn Winder allows the user to set desired parameters such as winding speed, tension levels, and yarn length requirements. The system also incorporates safety features such as emergency stop buttons and overload protection to ensure operator safety. The fabrication of the Electric Yarn Winder involves selecting appropriate materials, precision machining, and electrical integration. Prototypes were built and tested to validate the design and evaluate the performance of the system. The results demonstrate that the Electric Yarn Winder effectively reduces the time and effort required for yarn winding, leading to enhanced productivity and efficiency in hand-woven fabric production. The Electric Yarn Winder presents a significant advancement in the field of hand-weaving by combining traditional craftsmanship with modern automation technology. This innovation empowers hand-weavers by minimizing the repetitive manual tasks, allowing them to focus more on their creative process and craftsmanship. The system offers potential benefits to small-scale weaving businesses, artisans, and hobbyists by streamlining the yarn winding process and improving overall productivity. Yarn ; Fabrication ; Woven fabric ; Production (economics) ; Materials science ; Composite material ; Engineering drawing ; Mechanical engineering ; Computer science ; Engineering Textile materials and evaluations
Authors: Chan Khoa Phụng
Source: Journal Wetenskap Health (article, 2023-09-14)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Optimizing Drug Delivery Systems for Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy in Cancer Treatment: A Multidisciplinary Approach This research aims to develop an early detection method for breast cancer through the analysis of specific biomarkers. The method leverages advanced drug delivery technology to enhance the efficacy of cancer therapy. Employing a multidisciplinary approach, this study integrates medical and pharmaceutical sciences to achieve optimal results. Specific biomarkers utilized in this research will be identified to improve the sensitivity and specificity of cancer detection. The findings of this research are anticipated to make a significant contribution to enhancing early breast cancer detection capabilities and optimizing therapy utilization in patients. Multidisciplinary approach ; Drug delivery ; Medicine ; Drug ; Intensive care medicine ; Pharmacology ; Nanotechnology ; Materials science Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Computational Drug Discovery Methods ; Cancer Research and Treatment
Authors: Suresh Lakkireddy
Source: Era s journal of medical research (review, 2023-12-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

MOLECULAR ADVANCEMENTS IN PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION METHODOLOGIES: A RAPID REVIEW Phosphorylation, the reversible addition of phosphate groups to proteins, plays a pivotal role in regulating cellular processes, including signal transduction, cell cycle progression, and metabolism. Understanding the dynamics of phosphorylation events is crucial for unraveling complex signaling networks and identifying potential therapeutic targets in various diseases. Phosphorylation immunoassays have emerged as powerful tools for the detection and quantification of phosphorylated proteins, enabling researchers to gain insights into intricate cellular signaling pathways. This review provides an in-depth exploration of the recent advances, methodologies, and applications of phosphorylation immunoassays, highlighting their significance in advancing our understanding of cellular signaling. Phosphorylation ; Protein phosphorylation ; Signal transduction ; Computational biology ; Biology ; Cell biology ; Cell signaling ; Protein kinase A Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research ; Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Authors: Yueming Guo | Andrew R. Lupini
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-02-24)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Automatic and quantitative measurement of spectrometer aberrations The performance of electron energy-loss spectrometers can often be limited by their electron-optical aberrations. Due to recent developments in high energy-resolution and momentum-resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), there is renewed interest in optimizing the performance of such spectrometers. For example, the "ω-q" mode of momentum-resolved EELS, which uses a small convergence angle and requires aligning diffraction spots with a slot aperture, presents a challenge for realigning the spectrometer after adjusting the projection lenses. Automated and robust alignment can greatly benefit such a process. The first step towards this goal is automatic and quantitative measurement of spectrometer aberrations. Here we demonstrate the measurement of geometric aberrations and distortions in EELS within a monochromated scanning transmission electron microscope(STEM). To better understand the results, we present a wave mechanical simulation of the experiment. Using the measured aberration and distortion coefficients as inputs to the simulation, we find a good match between the simulation and experiment, verifying the approach used in the simulation, allowing us to assess the accuracy of the measurements. Understanding the errors and inaccuracies in the procedure can guide further progress in aberration measurement and correction for new spectrometer developments. Spectrometer ; Optics ; Distortion (music) ; Physics ; Aperture (computer memory) ; Momentum (technical analysis) ; Energy (signal processing) ; Acoustics ; Optoelectronics Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques ; Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications ; Photocathodes and Microchannel Plates
Authors: Winfried Gero Oed | Parisa Memarmoshrefi
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2023-12-08)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Cluster images with AntClust: a clustering algorithm based on the chemical recognition system of ants We implement AntClust, a clustering algorithm based on the chemical recognition system of ants and use it to cluster images of cars. We will give a short recap summary of the main working principles of the algorithm as devised by the original paper [1]. Further, we will describe how to define a similarity function for images and how the implementation is used to cluster images of cars from the vehicle re-identification data set. We then test the clustering performance of AntClust against DBSCAN, HDBSCAN and OPTICS. Finally one of the core parts in AntClust, the rule set can be easily redefined with our implementation, enabling a way for other bio-inspired algorithms to find rules in an automated process. The implementation can be found on GitLab [9]. Cluster analysis ; Computer science ; DBSCAN ; Identification (biology) ; Set (abstract data type) ; Process (computing) ; Cluster (spacecraft) ; Data mining ; Similarity (geometry) ; Artificial intelligence ; Data set ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Function (biology) ; Image (mathematics) ; Algorithm ; Correlation clustering ; Canopy clustering algorithm Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography ; Computational Drug Discovery Methods ; Gene expression and cancer classification
Authors: Runchuan Ye | Yunpeng Zhai | Yushan Liu | Xue Lin | Nanyang Xu
Source: AIP Advances (article, 2023-11-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

An field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based device for charge-state readout of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond with nanosecond feedback speed Ionization of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond from the NV− to NV0 state is a destructive process in applications, where a large amount of time is cost for high-fidelity readout. To this end, real-time adaptive feedback would be helpful to improve the readout efficiency. Here, we develop a field programmable gate array-based device that supports complex calculation and real-time feedback at the nanosecond level. This device integrates a time tagger for photon input, a programmable logic arrays for real-time calculation, and a 20-channel pulse streamer for control output. Based on this device, we demonstrate a high-efficiency of real-time charge-state readout. With this device, the signal-to-noise ratio of maximal adaptive-decision-based charge-state readout can be significantly reduced. Moreover, we demonstrate an application of NV− purification with the real-time feedback, where the contrast of spin-state-dependent fluorescence is improved from 31.7% to 35.0%. The device can be easily extended to other quantum systems. Nanosecond ; Field-programmable gate array ; Physics ; Gate array ; Optoelectronics ; Diamond ; Materials science ; Computer science ; Computer hardware ; Optics ; Laser Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides ; Semiconductor materials and devices
Authors: Wissam Akram
Source: International Journal for Scientific Research (article, 2023-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Evolution of Teaching Radiology on Medical Students Ionizing radiation is widely used in the field of medicine both for diagnosis and treatment. So, Understanding the principles of radiation safety and how to apply them in clinical practice is critical for medical and paramedical staff The study was conducted to assess the knowledge of nursing staff about ionizing radiation and protection from ionizing radiation during the diagnostic and therapeutic examination. In this study, a quantitative descriptive approach and a comprehensive review of previous studies were followed in order to emphasize the importance of teaching medical physics and ionizing radiation science because of its extremely important impact on the nursing staff working in medical institutions and radiological examination centers of both types, diagnostic and therapeutic. Through this study, we noticed that the paramedical staff's knowledge of physics and technology was not sufficient, and from our point of view, it does not meet the needs of healthcare institutions that require a deep understanding of tools and equipment that depend on the principles and laws of physics. We also expect that the nursing staff's lack of knowledge of the physical foundations and laws that are used may have a negative impact on the patients' condition in clinical practice. Thus, there is a need to improve nursing students' knowledge of physics by changing the way biophysics is taught in the nursing curriculum. Curriculum ; Medicine ; Medical education ; Health care ; Ionizing radiation ; Radiological weapon ; Nursing ; Medical physics ; Engineering ethics ; Psychology ; Radiology ; Physics ; Pedagogy ; Engineering ; Political science Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies ; Advances in Oncology and Radiotherapy
Authors: Noor Younis | Omar Hamdoon | Ziad Majeed | Mohamad Kharseh
Source: Maǧallaẗ al-handasaẗ al-rāfidayn (article, 2023-03-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Heat Transfer Analysis of the Melting Process on Finned Tubes (A Review on performance enhancement) The performance of thermal systems, like heating and cooling systems, depends on a number of factors such as the geometrical shape, the working fluid used to transfer or store heat, and the operating conditions. Accordingly, many studies concentrated on improving the thermal performance of such systems and raising their thermal efficiency by modifying their geometry or using phase-changing materials. Therefore, this work is reviewing the previous studies that dealt with modifying the geometry, by adding annular or longitudinal fins on the main tube of the heat exchanger, and employing different types of phase change materials. This article also presents the previous scientific articles that investigated the effects of changing the location and the orientation of the fins. For the reviewed studies in this article, it is worth mentioning that the numerical investigations outnumbered the experimental ones as the authors focused on finding the optimal design of the studied thermal systems. Furthermore, the previous studies employed phase-change materials, e.g. fatty acids, waxes, and salts, due to their ability to store energy and reuse it in a wide range of applications. Heat transfer enhancement ; Materials science ; Process (computing) ; Heat transfer ; Tube (container) ; Mechanical engineering ; Mechanics ; Computer science ; Composite material ; Engineering ; Physics ; Heat transfer coefficient Solidification and crystal growth phenomena ; Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics ; Metallurgy and Material Forming
Authors: Wenshan Wu | Zelu Huang | Weijia Kong | Hui Peng | Wilson Wen Bin Goh
Source: PROTEOMICS (article, 2023-10-24)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Optimizing the PROTREC network‐based missing protein prediction algorithm This article summarizes the PROTREC method and investigates the impact that the different hyper-parameters have on the task of missing protein prediction using PROTREC. We evaluate missing protein recovery rates using different PROTREC score selection approaches (MAX, MIN, MEDIAN, and MEAN), different PROTREC score thresholds, as well as different complex size thresholds. In addition, we included two additional cancer datasets in our analysis and introduced a new validation method to check both the robustness of the PROTREC method as well as the correctness of our analysis. Our analysis showed that the missing protein recovery rate can be improved by adopting PROTREC score selection operations of MIN, MEDIAN, and MEAN instead of the default MAX. However, this may come at a cost of reduced numbers of proteins predicted and validated. The users should therefore choose their hyper-parameters carefully to find a balance in the accuracy-quantity trade-off. We also explored the possibility of combining PROTREC with a p-value-based method (FCS) and demonstrated that PROTREC is able to perform well independently without any help from a p-value-based method. Furthermore, we conducted a downstream enrichment analysis to understand the biological pathways and protein networks within the cancerous tissues using the recovered proteins. Missing protein recovery rate using PROTREC can be improved by selecting a different PROTREC score selection method. Different PROTREC score selection methods and other hyper-parameters such as PROTREC score threshold and complex size threshold introduce accuracy-quantity trade-off. PROTREC is able to perform well independently of any filtering using a p-value-based method. Verification of the PROTREC method on additional cancer datasets. Downstream Enrichment Analysis to understand the biological pathways and protein networks in cancerous tissues. Missing data ; Correctness ; Robustness (evolution) ; Computer science ; Selection (genetic algorithm) ; F1 score ; Algorithm ; Data mining ; Statistics ; Artificial intelligence ; Machine learning ; Mathematics ; Biology Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks ; Machine Learning in Bioinformatics
Authors: Dan Zhao | Xun Chen | Dazhen Gu | Qiang Ma | CA Guo | S Zhao
Source: The International Journal of Multiphysics (article, 2023-12-02)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Influence of Explosion Interval on the Acoustic Characteristics of Underwater Continuous Explosion In this paper, the acoustic signal of the underwater explosion was taken as the main research object, and the mechanical and acoustic characteristics of the underwater explosion were studied by combining theoretical research with simulation, the propagation law of shock wave and the acoustic characteristics of explosion signal with different explosion depth and charge were obtained. The results show that the underwater explosion has strong acoustic power, high sound pressure level, wide frequency coverage of explosion acoustic signal. In low frequency band, the acoustic power level decays rapidly with the increase of frequency, and its acoustic energy is very high; in higher frequency band, the acoustic power level decays slowly, and its sound energy is relatively low; bubble pulsation has a great influence on the energy distribution of acoustic power level, and the more bubble pulsation times, the greater the proportion of low-frequency energy. The research results of this article can provide a theoretical basis for the research of fuze anti-interference. Underwater explosion ; Acoustics ; Underwater ; Sound pressure ; SIGNAL (programming language) ; Acoustic wave ; Bubble ; Sound power ; Energy (signal processing) ; Shock wave ; Power (physics) ; Overpressure ; Physics ; Frequency band ; Shock (circulatory) ; Fuze ; Materials science ; Sound (geography) ; Engineering ; Electrical engineering ; Mechanics ; Computer science ; Geology Ultrasound and Cavitation Phenomena ; Underwater Acoustics Research
Authors: Denis Tarasov
Source: Herald of Dagestan State Technical University Technical Sciences (article, 2023-02-10)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Applying conditional optimization to determine the allowable loads on flexurally rigid threads Objective. Development of a methodology for determining the allowable loads on existing structural elements, the design model of which is a flexural-rigid thread, based on the requirements of strength and rigidity due to the changed operating conditions of structures. Method. This study is based on mathematical modeling of the problem of conditional optimization. The objective function is the total potential energy of deformation of a thread with some flexural rigidity. In this case, restrictions are imposed on strength, rigidity, and the condition of continuity of deformations. At the same time, to achieve this goal, the provisions of the strength of materials, as well as the apparatus of integral and differential calculation of functions of one or more variables, were used. Result. An assessment of the adequacy of the results obtained using the developed methodology was carried out. A numerical experiment was performed to determine the value of the allowable uniformly distributed load and the corresponding distribution of stresses and strains along the length of a thread of finite stiffness with given physical and geometric parameters. It has been established that the discrepancies in the values of the results obtained using the proposed modeling technology and the commercial computer-aided design and calculation system LIRA 10.8, implemented on the generally recognized finite element method, are no more than 5%. Conclusion. The developed technique allows setting and solving problems of determining the ultimate loads on flexural-rigid threads, based on the allowable stresses and strains, in contrast to existing commercial computer simulation systems that solve exclusively direct problems of determining the stress-strain state of various types of structures. It can be used at the stage of inspection of large-span coatings in the reconstruction of public buildings and engineering structures. Flexural rigidity ; Finite element method ; Thread (computing) ; Stiffness ; Structural engineering ; Flexural strength ; Rigidity (electromagnetism) ; Computer science ; Computer program ; Engineering Structural mechanics and materials ; Construction Management and Sustainability ; Geodetic Measurements and Engineering Structures
Authors: Zhihao Chen | Jingmin Ji
Source: Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology (article, 2023-03-30)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Analysis and Identification of the Composition of Ancient Glass Objects Based on Logistic Regression Analysis Ancient glass objects were weathered by environmental influences, and the analysis of their main components and identification of their categories is a prerequisite for all subsequent research work. This paper uses Spearman's correlation coefficient and chi-square test of variance to analyses the correlation between weathering and type, color and decoration on the surface of cultural relics; secondly, descriptive statistical tests are conducted separately for two different types of glass objects to obtain the relationship between the changes in the content of each chemical component of different types of glass objects before and after weathering; finally, by analyzing the above statistical laws, a weighted average prediction model is established to The paper analyzed the classification patterns of two types of glass, namely high potassium and lead-barium, by establishing a logistic regression model; the Spearman coefficient and analysis of variance were used to investigate the correlation between surface weathering and each component. A principal component analysis of 14 different chemical components was carried out to achieve the effect of dimensionality reduction and to interpret the meaning of each principal component; a logistic regression model was established to regress the data after the principal component analysis, which showed that the classification criteria were more reasonable and the sensitivity of the model was high. Principal component analysis ; Statistics ; Regression analysis ; Logistic regression ; Mathematics ; Weathering ; Variance (accounting) ; Identification (biology) ; Regression ; Linear regression ; Geology Pigment Synthesis and Properties ; Radiative Heat Transfer Studies ; Consumer Perception and Purchasing Behavior