jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Hojun Lee | Taejun Han | Jihae Park
Source: Toxics (article, 2026-03-18)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Dual Fluorescence–Lipid Endpoints Resolve Species- and Metal-Specific Toxicity Patterns in Marine Diatoms Trace metals are persistent stressors in coastal ecosystems, yet most marine algal toxicity assessments still rely on freshwater model species and growth-based endpoints that provide limited mechanistic resolution. Here, we quantified the sensitivity of two ecologically contrasting marine diatoms-the benthic <i>Cylindrotheca closterium</i> and the planktonic <i>Thalassiosira weissflogii</i>-to ten environmentally relevant metals using a dual-endpoint approach that integrates chlorophyll fluorescence (photosystem function) and Nile Red-based lipid-body fluorescence (metabolic reallocation). Fluorescence-based EC<sub>10</sub> values revealed distinct species- and metal-specific patterns, with <i>C. closterium</i> consistently responding at lower concentrations and Hg producing the strongest inhibition in both species (EC<sub>10</sub> ≈ 0.04-0.06 mg L<sup>-1</sup>). Lipid-body accumulation detected earlier metabolic disturbance for several metals, particularly Hg, As, Cr(VI), and Cd, and frequently occurred at concentrations where fluorescence remained minimally affected. These sequential thresholds indicate that pigment impairment and metabolic reallocation represent mechanistically distinct stages of the cellular stress response that differ among metals and between diatom guilds. Comparison with published toxicity data shows that the dual-endpoint sensitivities observed here fall within, or slightly above, the upper range of reported microalgal responses, underscoring the pronounced susceptibility of benthic diatoms to redox-active and thiol-reactive metals. The strong agreement between fluorescence-based EC values and traditional growth-derived benchmarks for key metals further supports fluorescence as an operationally efficient endpoint suitable for integration into emerging ISO marine algal bioassays. Overall, this study demonstrates that pairing a rapid functional marker with a mechanistically informative metabolic biomarker enables metal-specific toxicity fingerprinting and provides an ecologically grounded basis for incorporating benthic diatoms into coastal metal risk assessment frameworks. Benthic zone ; Diatom ; Plankton ; Aquatic ecosystem ; Toxicity ; Algae ; Primary producers ; Ecotoxicity ; Metal toxicity Diatoms and Algae Research ; Marine and coastal ecosystems ; Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
Authors: Al Amin Chowdhury | Abdullah Al-Mamun | S. M. Fazle Rabbi | Md. Shifat Hasan Naim
Source: Journal of Engineering Advancements (article, 2026-03-29)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Mechanical Performance and Hydrophilic Behavior of Jute–Glass Hybrid Composites Fabricated by Vacuum Infusion The demand for lighter and stronger materials has pushed research toward hybrid composites. In this work, hybrid composites combining glass and jute fibers were fabricated using the vacuum infusion process. The mechanical and hydrophilic behaviors of the prepared samples were evaluated in accordance with the relevant ASTM standard. Ten laminate configurations(S1-S10) were prepared by varying the stacking sequence of glass woven roving, glass CSM and alkali treated jute mats. Hybridization significantly improved performance relative to S9. Sample, S4 showed the highest tensile strength of 172.48 MPa and the highest hardness number of 92 (L scale) compared with the other prepared samples. It also exhibited the maximum flexural strength of 271.04 MPa. The highest impact strength was found in S8 at 64.56 kJ/m2. The order of stacking jute and glass layers in the laminate also changed the outcome. With a different stacking sequence, tensile stress went up 11.62%, flexural modulus rose 61%, and impact strength increased 60%. Water absorption was studied in both fresh and salt water. Placing glass fiber on the outside of the laminate reduced water intake while Placing jute on the outer layers of the laminate resulted in increased water absorption (1.35%, 0.86%, 3.72%, and 1.26% in different cases). In salt water, the composites exhibited reduced absorption, recording 0.47%, 0.46%, 1.60%, and 0.80% for the corresponding hybrid laminate. The results show that jute–glass hybrids work better than only jute composites. Glass fiber provided strength, while jute gave low cost and environmental benefit. Surface treatment of fibers was also seen to improve bonding and reduce water penetration. These findings suggest that jute–glass composites can be used in cars, boats, and aerospace where strength and sustainability are both needed. Flexural strength ; Absorption of water ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Stacking ; Glass fiber ; Izod impact strength test ; Fiber ; Young's modulus Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Mechanical Behavior of Composites ; Cellular and Composite Structures
Authors: Indyra Alencar Duarte Figueiredo | Alissa Maria de Oliveira Martins | Andréa Cavalcanti | Jayne Muniz Fernandes | Leticia Santos Gomes | Gabriel Nunes Machado de Oliveira | Lucas Nóbrega de Oliveira | Isabela Motta Felício | Adriana Maria Fernandes de Oliveira Golzio | Adriano Francisco Alves | Luiz Henrique César Vasconcelos | Fabiana de Andrade Cavalcante
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology (article, 2026-01-05)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Lauric acid modulates the cyclooxygenases and nitric oxide pathways and reduces oxidative stress in preventing tracheal hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic Wistar rats Lauric acid, or dodecanoic acid, a medium-chain fatty acid, prevents alterations in pulmonary ventilation and tracheal hyperresponsiveness in Wistar rats with allergic asthma induced by ovalbumin (OVA). Therefore, the aim was to evaluate the mechanism of action of lauric acid (LA) in its preventive effect on changes caused by asthma. Rats were randomly divided into a control group (CG), an asthmatic group (AG), and an asthmatic lauric acid 25-mg/kg group (ALA25G). Rats in the AG and ALA25G groups were sensitized and challenged with OVA. For the experimental protocols, the trachea and lungs were isolated after euthanasia. A reduction in the contractile reactivity to CCh was observed in the asthmatic group in the presence of indomethacin, zileuton, L-NAME, apocynin, and tempol, inhibitors of COX, 5-LOX, NOS, NADPH oxidase, and a mimetic of superoxide dismutase (SOD), respectively. In the ALA25G, the contractile reactivity was reduced in the presence of indomethacin, L-NAME, and apocynin. Furthermore, an increase in lipid peroxidation (MDA) and nitrite levels and a reduction of reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and SOD activity were observed in the pulmonary homogenate of the AG. Treatment with lauric acid at a dose of 25 mg/kg prevented all of these alterations, except for the reduction in GSH levels. In conclusion, LA reduces tracheal hyperresponsiveness in Wistar rats with allergic asthma by negatively modulating both the COX and NO pathways and oxidative stress imbalance. Lauric acid ; Oxidative stress ; Superoxide dismutase ; Nitric oxide ; Glutathione ; Ovalbumin ; Lipid peroxidation ; Bronchial hyperresponsiveness Coconut Research and Applications ; Ginger and Zingiberaceae research ; Antioxidants, Aging, Portulaca oleracea
Authors: Xiangang Wan | Hanjing Zhou | Yuxuan Mu | Dingwen Zhang | Hangbing Chu | Erjun Kan | Chun-Gang Duan | Di Wang | Huimei Liu | Xingao Gong
Source: Research Square (preprint, 2026-02-02)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Magnetic Structures Database from Symmetry-aided High-Throughput Calculations Magnetic structure ; Representation (politics) ; Space (punctuation) ; Basis (linear algebra) ; Benchmark (surveying) ; Crystal structure ; Key (lock) Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Inorganic Chemistry and Materials ; Advanced Condensed Matter Physics
Authors: Patience Awewoli Kwara | Dennis Opoku Boakye
Source: International Journal of Agriculture and Food Fermentation (article, 2026-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Application of Green Nanotechnology in Minimally Processed Foods for Improving Nutritional Quality and Shelf Stability Minimally processed foods are highly valued for their freshness and nutritional quality but are prone to rapid nutrient degradation and microbial spoilage due to tissue damage during processing. This study investigated the application of green nanotechnology-based edible coatings to improve the nutritional quality and shelf stability of minimally processed apples during refrigerated storage. Chitosan nanoparticle coatings incorporating nanoencapsulated vitamin C, with and without essential oil, were applied to fresh-cut apple samples and compared with uncoated controls and conventional chitosan coatings. Microbiological quality, vitamin C retention, color stability, texture, weight loss, and sensory attributes were evaluated over 14 days at 4 °C. Nano-based coatings significantly reduced microbial growth, enhanced vitamin C retention, delayed browning, improved firmness, and maintained higher sensory acceptability compared to control and conventional coatings (p &lt; 0.05). The combined chitosan nanoparticle and essential oil treatment showed the greatest overall effectiveness. These findings demonstrated that green nanotechnology-based edible coatings represent a promising, sustainable approach for enhancing the nutritional quality and shelf stability of minimally processed foods. Shelf life ; Food spoilage ; Chitosan ; Food preservation ; Food quality ; Organoleptic ; Food processing ; Quality (philosophy) Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging ; Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety ; Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life Management
Authors: Ángel Palacios-Marín | Alma Victoria Palacios-Marín | Muhammad Tausif | Wernher Brevis
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2026-03-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

A novel methodology to study the release of fragmented fibres, including microplastics, in laboratory washing conditions Fragmented fibres, including fibrous microplastics, are increasingly recognised as a major pollutant originating from textile laundering. While many studies have quantified fibre release, the mechanisms underlying fibre fragmentation and detachment remain poorly understood, partly due to the lack of techniques to capture fibre-flow interactions under controlled conditions. This study introduces a novel methodology for the simultaneous characterisation of turbulent flow and textile fibre dynamics under simulated washing conditions. The approach combines a Von Kármán Swirling Flow apparatus, which generates reproducible shear and turbulence, with dual high-speed imaging to record both the fluid, analysed using Particle Image Velocimetry, and the fibres, analysed using optical flow. Proof-of-concept experiments with polyester and cotton yarns demonstrate that the method can capture fibre motion, deformation, and protrusion in synchrony with surrounding flow fields. A Reynolds number definition for top- and front-loading washing machines is also proposed, providing a basis for comparing washing conditions. This reproducible, non-invasive framework establishes a foundation for systematic investigations of fibre behaviour during laundering by providing mechanistic insight into fibre breakage and release processes that underpin textile-derived pollution, which is not covered by existing gravimetric methods that quantify mass release from textiles. Textile ; Fragmentation (computing) ; Breakage ; Turbulence ; Reynolds number ; Flocculation ; Flow (mathematics) Textile materials and evaluations ; Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers ; Advanced Cellulose Research Studies
Authors: Lujain Dory | Ibrahim Alghoraibi | Nada Altunji | Wassim Abdelwahed
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2026-03-24)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Thermal, economic, and environmental assessment of optimal aerogel insulation thickness compared with conventional materials in syrian climates The current study aims to optimize the use of insulation materials by determining the optimal thickness for exterior building walls across various Syrian climatic zones and different energy sources. The study focuses on a comparative analysis between nano-aerogel and conventional insulation materials, including Extruded Polystyrene (XPS), Polyurethane (PUR), and Glass Wool (GW), utilizing Heating and Cooling Degree-Days (HDD/CDD) methodology, to enhance energy efficiency in buildings. An integrated assessment was conducted through Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCC), encompassing thermal and environmental aspects, with a competitive advantage featuring the integration of space-saving requirements and the calculation of economic feasibility resulting from the rental of floor areas recovered through the use of low-thickness aerogel insulation. The results indicated that Glass Wool (GW) emerged as a highly feasible option prior to integrating space savings, with thicknesses ranging from 0.06 to 0.15 m. In contrast, aerogel achieved the highest efficiency when space savings were incorporated into the analysis, particularly in cities with high rental values such as Damascus, Aleppo (diesel fuel), and Latakia (diesel fuel), due to its remarkably low optimal thickness (0.001-0.011 m). Specifically, aerogel reached its peak efficiency in the city of Latakia (diesel fuel) at an exceptionally low optimal thickness of 0.001 m. At this level, the reduction in initial capital expenditure allowed space-saving revenues to dominate the economic balance, sharply decreasing the discounted payback period to just 1.2 years (the shortest value recorded in this study). This accelerated cost recovery pace enabled aerogel to outperform all studied conventional materials. The study concludes that there is a critical trade-off requiring a precise balance between the material's embodied energy and the sustainable economic and spatial gains, making the selection of insulation material and its optimal thickness a decision that depends primarily on the economic and spatial context of the project. Environmentally, conventional materials achieved higher emission reduction rates compared to aerogel due to their larger adopted optimal thicknesses for all study scenarios presented. Aerogel ; Thermal insulation ; Payback period ; Efficient energy use ; Glass wool ; Slab ; Expanded polystyrene ; Tile Aerogels and thermal insulation ; Building Energy and Comfort Optimization ; Hygrothermal properties of building materials
Authors: Bwalya A. Witika | Roderick B. Walker
Source: Frontiers in Analytical Science (article, 2026-02-03)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

The use of QbD for the development and validation of a stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for the quantitation of nevirapine in bulk, tablet and niosome formulations Introduction A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the quantitation of nevirapine (NVP) in bulk drug, commercial tablets, and niosome formulations using an Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) approach. Methods Critical analytical attributes and method parameters were identified and optimized using a Central Composite Design (CCD), with the retention time and resolution between NVP and internal standard carbamazepine as key responses. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C 18 column using an isocratic mobile phase of water and acetonitrile (57.5:42.5 v/v), a 1.0 mL/min flow rate, and detection at 280 nm. The method was validated per ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines for all parameters including repeatability, intermediate precision, accuracy (recovery/bias), and robustness, in addition to specificity, linearity, LOD and LOQ. Results and Discussion The method demonstrated specificity, linearity (0.5–200 μg/mL), a detection limit of 0.033 μg/mL, and quantification limit of 0.5 μg/mL. The method was precise, accurate, and robust. Stress studies suggested stability-indicating performance under the tested conditions with no observed interference at the analyte retention time at 280 nm. Application to commercial and in-house formulations confirmed its suitability for routine analysis. This work highlights the value of AQbD in developing cost-effective, high-performing analytical methods for pharmaceutical analysis. Analyte ; Detection limit ; Nevirapine ; Quality by Design ; Linearity ; Pharmaceutical formulation ; Retention time Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals ; Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography ; HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
Authors: Jecil D. Pitogo | Franchette Faye D. Limetares | Lady Jay Diane D. Mino | Edna B. Nabua
Source: International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (article, 2026-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Assessing Conceptual Understanding and Misconceptions of the Periodic Table among Grade 10 Learners: A Diagnostic Approach This study aimed to investigate the learning gaps and misconceptions of Grade 10 students regarding the Periodic Table of Elements through a systematically developed and validated diagnostic assessment instrument. Employing a descriptive research design, an initial 50-item test was content-validated by three experts and pilottested with 150 students. Item analysis and reliability assessment using Cronbach’s alpha resulted in a finalized 36-item diagnostic tool, which was subsequently administered to 100 Grade 10 students from selected public secondary schools in the hinterland areas of Iligan City. Data were analyzed using mean scores and percentage distributions to identify learning gaps and patterns of incorrect responses. Findings revealed persistent misconceptions in foundational concepts, including atomic structure, differentiation between atomic number and mass number, historical development of the Periodic Table, and periodic trends such as atomic radius, ionization energy, and electronegativity. Many learners demonstrated difficulty explaining these trends in terms of underlying principles, including effective nuclear charge and electron shielding. These results underscore the need for targeted instructional interventions that address misconceptions and foster deeper conceptual understanding of the Periodic Table. The validated diagnostic tool provides a robust foundation for designing remedial strategies and enhancing chemistry instruction at the secondary school level. Remedial education ; Periodic table ; Table (database) ; Reliability (semiconductor) ; Diagnostic test ; Concept learning ; Test (biology) ; Science education ; Descriptive statistics History and advancements in chemistry ; Science Education and Pedagogy ; Cancer and biochemical research
Authors: Irina Khlebnikova | Nikolay Egorov | Gulmira Baibekova | Damir Kurmangaliyev | Gulzhaz Uazyrkhanova
Source: Bulletin of D Serikbayev EKTU (article, 2026-03-30)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR RECYCLING OF TECHNOGENIC WASTE The process of decommissioning uranium production equipment and technological tools leads to the formation and accumulation of metallic radioactive waste. The majority of this waste falls into the category of low-level radioactive waste and requires special conditions for storage. The use of ultrasonic treatment of TRW contributes to an increase in decontamination coefficients compared to traditional methods, while reducing the duration of the process. It has been established that the types of filter fabrics considered are subject to regeneration with the possibility of their subsequent use in industrial conditions. The effect of various solutions on the efficiency of the decontamination process of metal TROs has been studied. The possibility of single-stagecleaning of metal TROs in an ultrasonic field using HNO3 solution to obtain commercial metal with surface contamination of less than 1 alpha particle/cm2‧min at an acceptable level of less than 1.2 alpha particles/cm2‧min has been demonstrated. Nuclear decommissioning ; Human decontamination ; Radioactive waste ; Process (computing) ; Filter (signal processing) ; Waste treatment Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies ; Chemical Synthesis and Characterization ; Ultrasound and Cavitation Phenomena
Authors: Roland Bourdeix | Vincent B. Johnson | C. A. Pilotti | William Ellacott | Herenui Chant
Source: Ethnobotany and Economic Botany (article, 2026-02-24)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Controlled Pollination and Reproductive Strategies in Coconut: A Framework for Farmer-Led Breeding, Seednut Production, and In Situ Conservation Abstract This narrative review recommends an innovative, farmer-friendly controlled-pollination approach for smallholder farmers to produce their own coconut ( Cocos nucifera ) seednuts on farm. Over millennia, these smallholder farmers have created a wide range of coconut diversity and associated traditional knowledge. However, for seednuts produced under natural, open pollination, the male parent identity is not known. Often, less than 10% of the offspring reproduce the desired parental type and traits. This paper summarizes key aspects of coconut’s complex reproductive biology in the context of its conservation and breeding. It outlines how small-scale farmers can contribute to expanding and conserving in situ coconut genetic diversity. In some countries, there are already profitable coconut seednut production companies. However, very few farmers currently sell their seednuts, and these are only available in very limited quantities. Opportunities exist for smallholder farmers to start new profitable seednut businesses, especially in countries where national services release only a few coconut varieties, and where demand for coconut seednuts for replanting is high. Measures are needed to establish farmer-produced quality seednut standards. Empowering smallholders to master pollination techniques could remove a longstanding barrier to coconut improvement. It also emphasizes a broader paradigm shift toward decentralized, farmer-driven conservation and use systems. Context (archaeology) ; Production (economics) ; Pollination ; In situ conservation ; Quality (philosophy) ; Diversity (politics) ; Ex situ conservation Coconut Research and Applications ; Cocoa and Sweet Potato Agronomy ; Date Palm Research Studies