jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Guan Wang | Zhaohao Wang | Di Yun
Source: Metals (review, 2023-08-28)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Cladding Failure Modelling for Lead-Based Fast Reactors: A Review and Prospects Lead-cooled fast reactors (LFRs) are considered one of the most promising technologies to meet the requirements introduced for advanced nuclear systems. LFRs have higher neutron doses, higher temperatures, higher burnup and an extremely corrosive environment. The failure studies of claddings play a vital role in improving the safety criteria of nuclear reactors and promoting research on advanced nuclear materials. This paper presented a comprehensive review of the extreme environment in LFRs based on the fuel performance analyses and transient analyses of reference LFRs. It provided a clear image of cladding failure, focusing on the underlying mechanisms, such as creep, rupture, fatigue, swelling, corrosion, etc., which are resulted from the motions of defects, the development of microcracks and accumulation of fission products to some extent. Some fundamental parameters and behavior models of Ferritic/Martensitic (F/M) steels and Austenitic stainless (AuS) steels were summarized in this paper. A guideline for cladding failure modelling was also provided to bridge the gap between fundamental material research and realistic demands for the application of LFRs. Cladding (metalworking) ; Nuclear engineering ; Materials science ; Nuclear fission ; Nuclear reactor ; Austenitic stainless steel ; Structural material ; Fission ; Corrosion ; Neutron ; Metallurgy ; Engineering ; Nuclear physics Nuclear Materials and Properties ; Nuclear reactor physics and engineering ; Fusion materials and technologies
Authors: Gian Carlo Montanari | Debasish Nath | Pasquale Cambareri
Source: High Voltage (article, 2023-06-03)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A new approach to the design of surface subsystems of polymeric insulators for HV and MV apparatus under AC voltage Abstract The design of high voltage and medium voltage AC and DC standoff insulators, and, in general, of insulation systems where surface and interface properties are predominant factors, is based on specifications and standards that rely upon long‐term experiences and lab testing. Surface insulating properties depend on electrical and thermal stresses, besides environmental factors, and the inception of extrinsic ageing phenomena, such as partial discharges, can be already a cause of reduced reliability and premature failure (for organic insulating materials). An innovative approach, based on field simulation, discharge modelling, and partial discharge inception measurements is presented by the authors, which can establish a solid basis to optimise insulation design for any type of supply voltage waveform. This method, the three‐leg approach, is applied here to a cable system under AC sinusoidal voltage, but it can work for any type of insulation system, such as bushings, switch gears, transformers, rotating machines, and power electronics boards. Voltage ; Transformer ; Insulation system ; Reliability (semiconductor) ; Waveform ; Electrical engineering ; High voltage ; Partial discharge ; Electronics ; Electrical treeing ; Mechanical engineering ; Materials science ; Engineering ; Electronic engineering ; Power (physics) ; Physics High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation ; Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena
Authors: Jakob Woessmann | Valdemaras Petrosius | Nil Üresin | David Kotol | Pedro Aragon-Fernandez | Andreas Hober | Ulrich auf dem Keller | Fredrik Edfors | Erwin M. Schoof
Source: Analytical Chemistry (article, 2023-08-28)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Assessing the Role of Trypsin in Quantitative Plasma and Single-Cell Proteomics toward Clinical Application Mass spectrometry-based bottom-up proteomics is rapidly evolving and routinely applied in large-scale biomedical studies. Proteases are a central component of every bottom-up proteomics experiment, digesting proteins into peptides. Trypsin has been the most widely applied protease in proteomics due to its characteristics. With ever-larger cohort sizes and possible future clinical application of mass spectrometry-based proteomics, the technical impact of trypsin becomes increasingly relevant. To assess possible biases introduced by trypsin digestion, we evaluated the impact of eight commercially available trypsins in a variety of bottom-up proteomics experiments and across a range of protease concentrations and storage times. To investigate the universal impact of these technical attributes, we included bulk HeLa cell lysate, human plasma, and single HEK293 cells, which were analyzed over a range of selected reaction monitoring (SRM), data-independent acquisition (DIA), and data-dependent acquisition (DDA) instrument methods on three LC-MS instruments. The quantification methods employed encompassed both label-free approaches and absolute quantification utilizing spike-in heavy-labeled recombinant protein fragment standards. Based on this extensive data set, we report variations between commercial trypsins, their source, and their concentration. Furthermore, we provide suggestions on the handling of trypsin in large-scale studies. Proteomics ; Chemistry ; Trypsin ; Proteases ; Mass spectrometry ; Protease ; Chromatography ; Quantitative proteomics ; Computational biology ; Lysis ; Biochemistry ; Enzyme ; Biology Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications ; Biosensors and Analytical Detection
Authors: Jason Meziere | Yu Luo | Yi Xia | Laurent Karim Béland | Mark R. Daymond | Gus L. W. Hart
Source: Journal of materials research/Pratt's guide to venture capital sources (article, 2023-10-31)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Accelerating training of MLIPs through small-cell training Training (meteorology) ; Materials science Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices ; Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design
Authors: Shuyi Lv | Chao Wang | Ke Xue | Jiaxin Wang | Minghui Xiao | Zhencheng Sun | Lei Han | Linqi Shi | Chunlei Zhu
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (article, 2023-06-26)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Activated alkyne-enabled turn-on click bioconjugation with cascade signal amplification for ultrafast and high-throughput antibiotic screening Antimicrobial susceptibility testing plays a pivotal role in the discovery of new antibiotics. However, the development of simple, sensitive, and rapid assessment approaches remains challenging. Herein, we report an activated alkyne-based cascade signal amplification strategy for ultrafast and high-throughput antibiotic screening. First of all, a novel water-soluble aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogen is synthesized, which contains an activated alkyne group to enable fluorescence turn-on and metal-free click bioconjugation under physiological conditions. Taking advantage of the in-house established method for bacterial lysis, a number of clickable biological substances (i.e., bacterial solutes and debris) are released from the bacterial bodies, which remarkably increases the quantity of analytes. By means of the activated alkyne-mediated turn-on click bioconjugation, the system fluorescence signal is significantly amplified due to the increased labeling sites as well as the AIE effect. Such a cascade signal amplification strategy efficiently improves the detection sensitivity and thus enables ultrafast antimicrobial susceptibility assessment. By integration with a microplate reader, this approach is further applied to high-throughput antibiotic screening. Bioconjugation ; Chemistry ; Combinatorial chemistry ; Fluorescence ; Alkyne ; Nanotechnology ; Materials science ; Biochemistry Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials ; Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities ; Click Chemistry and Applications
Authors: Alexandra Mavridi‐Printezi | Stefano Giordani | Arianna Menichetti | Dario Mordini | Andrea Zattoni | Barbara Roda | Lucia Ferrazzano | Pierluigi Reschiglian | Valentina Marassi | Marco Montalti
Source: Nanoscale (article, 2023-11-25)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

The dual nature of biomimetic melanin Melanin-inspired nanomaterials offer unique photophysical, electronic and radical scavenging properties that are widely explored for health and environmental preservation, or energy conversion and storage. The incorporation of functional melanin building blocks in more complex nanostructures or surfaces is typically achieved <i>via</i> a bottom-up approach starting from a molecular precursor, in most cases dopamine. Here we demonstrate that indeed, the oxidative polymerization of dopamine, for the synthesis of melanin-like polydopamine (PDA), leads to the simultaneous formation of more than one nanosized species with different compositions, morphologies and properties. In particular, a low-density polymeric structure and dense nanoparticles (<b>NP</b>) are simultaneously formed. The two populations could be separated and analyzed in real time using a chromatographic technique free of any stationary phase (flow field fractionation, FFF). The results following the synthesis of melanin-like PDA showed that the <b>NP</b> are formed only during the first 6 hours as a result of a supramolecular self-assembly-driven polymerization, while the formation of the polymer continues for about 36 hours. The two populations were also separated and characterized using TEM, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence and light scattering spectroscopy, DLS, FTIR, ζ-potential measurements, gel electrophoresis and pH titrations. Interestingly, very different properties between the two populations were observed: in particular the polymer contains a higher number of catechol units (8 mmol g<sup>-1</sup> -OH) with respect to the <b>NP</b> (1 mmol g<sup>-1</sup> -OH) and presents a much higher antioxidant activity. The attenuation of light by <b>NP</b> is more efficient than that by the polymer especially in the Vis-NIR region. Moreover, while the <b>NP</b> scatter light with an efficiency up to 27% they are not fluorescent, and the polymer does not scatter light but shows an excitation wavelength-dependent fluorescence typical of multi-fluorophoric uncoupled systems. Polymerization ; Nanomaterials ; Polymer ; Melanin ; Dynamic light scattering ; Nanoparticle ; Fluorescence ; Chemistry ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; Absorption spectroscopy ; Fluorescence spectroscopy ; Photochemistry ; Spectroscopy ; Titration ; Chemical engineering ; Materials science ; Nanotechnology ; Organic chemistry Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications ; Polymer Surface Interaction Studies ; Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers
Authors: Guizeng Yang | Lichao Sun | Qingfeng Zhang
Source: Nanoscale Advances (article, 2023-12-06)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Multicomponent chiral plasmonic hybrid nanomaterials: recent advances in synthesis and applications Chiral hybrid nanomaterials with multiple components provide a highly promising approach for the integration of desired chirality with other functionalities into one single nanoscale entity. However, precise control over multicomponent chiral plasmonic hybrid nanomaterials to enable their application in diverse and complex scenarios remains a significant challenge. In this review, our focus lies on the recent advances in the preparation and application of multicomponent chiral plasmonic hybrid nanomaterials, with an emphasis on synthetic strategies and emerging applications. We first systematically elucidate preparation methods for multicomponent chiral plasmonic hybrid nanomaterials encompassing the following approaches: physical deposition approach, galvanic replacement reaction, chiral molecule-mediated, chiral heterostructure, circularly polarized light-mediated, magnetically induced, and chiral assembly. Furthermore, we highlight emerging applications of multicomponent chiral plasmonic hybrid nanomaterials in chirality sensing, enantioselective catalysis, and biomedicine. Finally, we provide an outlook on the challenges and opportunities in the field of multicomponent chiral plasmonic hybrid nanomaterials. In-depth investigations of these multicomponent chiral hybrid nanomaterials will pave the way for the rational design of chiral hybrid nanostructures with desirable functionalities for emerging technological applications. Nanomaterials ; Plasmon ; Nanotechnology ; Materials science ; Optoelectronics Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications ; Copper-based nanomaterials and applications ; Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications
Authors: Bing Song | Yang Cao | Liang Wang | Yake Shen | Xiaoming Qian
Source: Polymers (article, 2023-04-27)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Properties and Structure of Thermoplastic Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polyamide Sea-Island Fibers Ultra-fine fibers derived from sea-island fibers have attracted great attention due to their excellent overall performance. However, green and efficient splitting of sea-island fibers is still a challenging task. In this work, thermoplastic polyvinyl alcohol (TPVA) was prepared by the physical blending of plasticizer. The modified TPVA showed a high decomposition temperature (285 °C) and a wide thermoplastic processing window. This made TPVA match well with polyamide 6 (PA6) to form conjugated melts at 250 °C. Corresponding PVA/PA6 sea-island fibers were first reported to realize water-splitting instead of alkali-extraction of "sea" polymers. The effects of sea/island mass ratios and different spinning speeds on the properties of PVA/PA6 sea-island pre-oriented yarn (POY) were investigated. A higher spinning speed enhanced the orientation-induced crystalline behavior of fiber, therefore increasing the tensile strength of fibers. As the increase of spinning speed from 1000 to 1500 m/min, the crystalline degree of corresponding POYs increased from 9.9 to 14.3%. The plasticizer in PVA did not diffuse to the PA matrix during spinning. However, PVA could induce the crystallization of PA6 via interfacial hydrogen bonding. When the spinning speed was 1500 m/min, and PVA/PA6 was 7:3, the tensile strength reached the highest value of 1.67 cN/dtex. The uniform diameters of ultra-fine PA6 fibers (2-5 μm) were obtained by an environment-friendly water-splitting process. The "sea" phase (TPVA) in sea-island fiber could be removed quickly by boiling water treatment in 3 min. This green and energy-saving sea-island fiber splitting technique is of great significance in reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions during the preparation of super-fine fibers. Materials science ; Polyvinyl alcohol ; Composite material ; Polyamide ; Spinning ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Melt spinning ; Thermoplastic ; Fiber ; Plasticizer ; Polymer biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties ; Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications ; Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
Authors: Jingjie Luo | Sihan Yang | Yu Ling | Wenhao Yang | Hongyu Niu | Wenlong Li | Huibin Liu | Changhai Liang
Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (article, 2023-08-03)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Defective Au nanoparticles manipulated by Au-MgxAl-LDH interplay for alkali-free oxidation of benzyl alcohol Benzyl alcohol ; Catalysis ; Alkali metal ; Nanoparticle ; Chemistry ; Layered double hydroxides ; Chemical engineering ; Inorganic chemistry ; Materials science ; Nanotechnology ; Organic chemistry Catalytic Processes in Materials Science ; Nanomaterials for catalytic reactions ; Mesoporous Materials and Catalysis
Authors: Yixi Wu | Panpan Li | Mingshuang Guan | Yanyan Guo | Shiqing Xu | Junjie Zhang
Source: Ceramics International (article, 2023-07-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Observation of tunable persistent luminescence in XAl2O4: Eu2+ (X=Ca, Sr) doped borate glass for efficient optical information storage Afterglow ; Materials science ; Luminescence ; Persistent luminescence ; Phosphor ; Photoluminescence ; Strontium carbonate ; Doping ; Boron ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Optoelectronics ; Strontium ; Thermoluminescence ; Chemistry Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials ; Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials ; Perovskite Materials and Applications
Authors: Quansheng Fu | Yanwei Wen | Lifeng Ding | Zifan Yang | Menghan Chen | Jingyi Wang | Hongbing Jia
Source: Polymer Degradation and Stability (article, 2023-09-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Unraveling the ablative behavior through the design of a POSS-Benzoxazine/EPDM network under harsh environments Silsesquioxane ; Materials science ; Composite material ; Composite number ; Ablation ; EPDM rubber ; Glycidyl methacrylate ; Natural rubber ; Polymerization ; Polymer Silicone and Siloxane Chemistry ; Tribology and Wear Analysis ; Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties
Authors: Xue Wang | Ke Liu | Shibo Fu | Xiaoqian Wu | Liying Xiao | Yali Yang | Zhen Zhang | Qiang Lü
Source: ACS Applied Bio Materials (article, 2023-01-05)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Silk Nanocarrier with Tunable Size to Improve Transdermal Capacity for Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Drugs Transdermal drug delivery is an attractive option for multiple disease therapies as it reduces adverse reactions and improves patient compliance. Water-dispersible β-sheet rich silk nanofiber carriers have hydrophobic properties that benefit transdermal delivery but still show inferior transdermal capacities. Thus, hydrophobic silk nanofibers were fabricated to fine-tune their size and endow them with desirable transdermal delivery capacities. Silk nanocarrier length was shortened from 2000 nm to approximately 40 nm after ultrasonic treatment. <i>In vitro</i> human skin and <i>in vivo</i> animal studies revealed different transdermal behaviors for silk nanocarriers at different nanosizes. Silk nanocarriers passed slowly through the corneum without destroying the corneum structure. Improved transdermal capacity was achieved for smaller size carriers. Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs could be loaded onto silk nanocarriers, suggesting a promising future for different disease therapies. No cytotoxicity and skin irritation were identified for silk nanocarriers, which strengthened their superiority as transdermal carriers. Therefore, silk nanocarriers <100 nm may promote the percutaneous absorption of active cargos for disease therapy and cosmetic applications. Nanocarriers ; Transdermal ; Stratum corneum ; Materials science ; SILK ; Nanotechnology ; Biomedical engineering ; Drug delivery ; Pharmacology ; Chemistry ; Medicine ; Composite material Silk-based biomaterials and applications ; Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery ; Nonlinear Optical Materials Studies
Authors: Ying Wan | Huilong Liu | Zhengxing Chen | Chao Wu | Qixin Zhong | Ren Wang | Wei Feng | Xianfu Chen | Jinliang Zhang | Tao Wang | Zunmin Zhang | Bernard P. Binks
Source: ACS Nano (article, 2023-03-14)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Biomolecular 1D Necklace-like Nanostructures Tailoring 2D Janus Interfaces for Controllable 3D Enteric Biomaterials Construction of well-ordered two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) assemblies using one-dimensional (1D) units is a hallmark of many biointerfaces such as skin. Mimicking the art of difunctional properties of biointerfaces, which skin exhibits as defense and shelter materials, has inspired the development of smart and responsive biomimetic interfaces. However, programming the long-range ordering of 1D base materials toward vigorous control over 2D and 3D hierarchical structures and material properties remains a daunting challenge. In this study, we put forward construction of 3D enteric biomaterials with a two-strata 2D Janus interface assembled from self-adaptation of 1D protein-polysaccharide nanostructures at an oil-water interface. The biomaterials feature a protein dermis accommodating oil droplets as a reservoir for bioactive compounds and a polysaccharide epidermis protecting them from gastric degradation. Furthermore, the epidermis can be fine-tuned with different thicknesses rendering enteric delivery of a bioactive cargo (coumarin-6) with controllable retention in the intestinal tract from 6 to 24 h. The results highlight a skin-inspired construction of enteric biomaterials by self-adaptation of 1D nanostructures at the oil-water interface toward 2D Janus biointerfaces and 3D microdevices, which can be tailored for intestinal treatments with intentional therapeutic efficacies. Janus ; Nanotechnology ; Necklace ; Nanostructure ; Materials science ; Self-assembly Pickering emulsions and particle stabilization ; Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials ; Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications
Authors: José Ferraz-Caetano | Filipe Teixeira | M. Natália D. S. Cordeiro
Source: International Journal of Molecular Sciences (review, 2023-08-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Systematic Development of Vanadium Catalysts for Sustainable Epoxidation of Small Alkenes and Allylic Alcohols The catalytic epoxidation of small alkenes and allylic alcohols includes a wide range of valuable chemical applications, with many works describing vanadium complexes as suitable catalysts towards sustainable process chemistry. But, given the complexity of these mechanisms, it is not always easy to sort out efficient examples for streamlining sustainable processes and tuning product optimization. In this review, we provide an update on major works of tunable vanadium-catalyzed epoxidations, with a focus on sustainable optimization routes. After presenting the current mechanistic view on vanadium catalysts for small alkenes and allylic alcohols' epoxidation, we argue the key challenges in green process development by highlighting the value of updated kinetic and mechanistic studies, along with essential computational studies. Allylic rearrangement ; Vanadium ; Catalysis ; Organic chemistry ; Chemistry Polyoxometalates: Synthesis and Applications ; Oxidative Organic Chemistry Reactions ; Vanadium and Halogenation Chemistry
Authors: Jiantang Li | Dorina F. Sava | Vincent Guillerm | Taslim Melliti | Ryan Luebke | Jarrod F. Eubank | Prashant M. Bhatt | Hao Jiang | Mickaële Bonneau | Youssef Belmabkhout | Zhiyuan Huang | Aleksander Shkurenko | Łukasz Wojtas | M. O’Keeffe | Mohamed Eddaoudi
Source: Chem (article, 2023-10-23)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Using small building blocks to assemble ultra-complex, multifaceted metal-organic frameworks with zeolitic, mesoporous subnetwork Tile ; Mesoporous material ; Metal-organic framework ; Polyhedron ; Materials science ; Topology (electrical circuits) ; Subnetwork ; Ligand (biochemistry) ; Nanotechnology ; Zeolite ; Chemistry ; Computer science ; Organic chemistry ; Catalysis ; Mathematics ; Combinatorics Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications ; Magnetism in coordination complexes ; Polyoxometalates: Synthesis and Applications