jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Vihaan Gupta | Yuki Sato
Source: International Journal of Computational and Biological Sciences (article, 2026-01-31)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Microfluidic Simulation of WE43 Magnesium Stent Degradation and HUVEC Endothelialization Evaluation The development of biodegradable magnesium alloy stents represents a paradigm shift ininterventional cardiology, offering the potential to overcome long-term complicationsassociated with permanent metallic implants. Among these alloys, WE43, containingyttrium and rare earth elements, has shown promise due to its mechanical strength andbiocompatibility. However, the disparity between in vitro degradation profiles and in vivoperformance remains a significant hurdle, primarily due to the failure of static immersiontests to replicate complex hemodynamic environments. This study presents acomprehensive evaluation of WE43 degradation and human umbilical vein endothelial cell(HUVEC) response using a custom-designed microfluidic platform. By simulatingphysiological wall shear stress and dynamic flow conditions, we elucidate the corrosionmechanisms and biological interactions that occur at the blood-stent interface. Our resultsindicate that dynamic flow significantly alters the corrosion morphology of WE43compared to static controls, promoting a more uniform degradation pattern whilemitigating localized alkalization. Furthermore, HUVEC culture within the microfluidicsystem demonstrated that fluid shear stress enhances endothelial alignment and viability,even in the presence of magnesium degradation products. The dynamic removal ofcorrosion byproducts prevented the formation of hyper-osmotic microenvironments,thereby supporting better endothelialization. These findings underscore the necessity ofmicrofluidic simulation in preclinical testing to accurately predict the biocorrosionbehavior and biocompatibility of magnesium-based endovascular devices. Umbilical vein ; Biocompatibility ; Magnesium alloy ; Microfluidics ; Degradation (telecommunications) ; Magnesium ; Shear stress Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications ; Magnesium Oxide Properties and Applications ; Magnesium in Health and Disease
Authors: Honorata Osip | Cezary Czosnek
Source: Molecules (article, 2026-03-06)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Influence of SiC Polytype on the Thermal Conductivity of SiC Nanofluids: A Critical Review Nanofluids are suspensions of nanoparticles in a base fluid. Water, ethylene glycol, engine oil, and others are often used as base fluids, whereas inorganic additives include metals, metal oxides, carbon-based materials, and non-oxide inorganic materials. According to recent research, a small amount of nanoparticles with high thermal conductivity can improve heat transfer in nanofluids. The expectations for nanofluids are increasing, making them the subject of intense research. Current interest is focused on materials that, in addition to high thermal conductivity, also have other favorable features, such as chemical resistance or resistance to high temperatures. Silicon carbide SiC, a material with many advantageous properties, is being considered as a candidate that may meet such expectations. Among the different polymorphs of SiC, the most common are numerous hexagonal α-SiC varieties with anisotropic properties and the only isotropic cubic β-SiC polytype. The latter was reported to have a thermal conductivity of 500 W/mK. The use of nanoparticles from different SiC polytypes in nanofluid studies often leads to incomparable results. Studies on nanofluids prepared from nanoparticles of various silicon carbide polytypes discussed in this article indicate that isotropic β-SiC nanoparticles may be a promising material. When nanofluids for diverse heat transfer applications are prepared, more detailed studies of all the nanoparticles used should be considered. Nanofluid ; Thermal conductivity ; Silicon carbide ; Nanoparticle ; Isotropy ; Carbide ; Heat transfer ; Silicon Thermal properties of materials ; Advanced ceramic materials synthesis ; Phase Change Materials Research
Authors: Xinjian He | Hongwei Liu | Xianjie Xu | Xinkai Qi | Di Gao | Hanling Deng | Dusong Hou | Qianyao Lu | Lei Zhu | Sheng Huang
Source: Energy & environment materials (article, 2026-01-02)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Synergistic Enhancement of Modified‐ <scp>PVDF</scp> Humidity Sensitivity via Chemical Adsorption‐Ionic Conductivity and its Application in Intelligent Powered Air‐Purifying Respirator This study proposes an intelligent powered air‐purifying respirator with a superhydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride/SiO 2 humidity‐sensitive sensor to address heat and moisture accumulation and high breathing resistance in self‐priming filter‐type respirators. The humidity sensor, featuring a contact angle of 151°, exhibits a 30% resistance change between 75% and 95% RH. This change is driven by the synergistic effects of chemical adsorption of water molecules onto polar groups (F, H, O) and physical adsorption with capillary condensation. First‐principles calculations reveal that the band gap decreases from 0.2782 eV to 0.1616 eV as humidity increases, enhancing electrical conductivity. The respirator dynamically adjusts fan speed, ranging from 5000 to 35 000 rpm, using a Gated Recurrent Unit neural network based on breath prediction, thereby achieving efficient gas exchange. Comparative experiments with self‐aspirating filtering respirators demonstrate that the respirator effectively reduces internal mask temperature, lowers humidity to ambient levels, and maintains positive pressure inside the mask, significantly decreasing breathing resistance. Computational fluid dynamics simulations confirm the dynamic balance of airflow inside the mask, ensuring high ventilation efficiency. This design significantly enhances heat and moisture management and reduces breathing resistance, offering an advanced solution for addressing the challenges in self‐priming filter‐type respirators. Respirator ; Humidity ; Moisture ; Adsorption ; Ventilation (architecture) ; Airflow ; Capillary action ; Breathing Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity ; Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods ; Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
Authors: Peng Pei | Luping Wang | Haitong Jing | Xian Qin | Jiong‐Wei Wang | X. Liu
Source: Advanced Optical Materials (article, 2026-01-12)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Progress and Prospects of Persistent Luminescent Nanocrystals in Biomedical Applications Abstract Persistent luminescent nanoparticles store excitation energy and emit photons long after stimulus removal, enabling background‐free signals by minimizing tissue autofluorescence and the constraints of concurrent illumination. This review synthesizes recent progress in materials‐level control of persistent luminescence and its biomedical use. This outlines mechanisms of charge trapping and release, then discusses strategies to modulate emission wavelength, intensity, and duration through defect engineering, trap‐depth distribution, core–shell architectures, lattice/strain control, and surface modification. Recharge modalities spanning optical/near‐infrared (NIR), X‐ray, radionuclide, and ultrasound‐coupled routes are compared with respect to penetration, safety, and in vivo practicality. Applications include high‐contrast imaging, ultrasensitive biosensing, long‐term cell tracking, optogenetic stimulation, and biophotochemical activation. Quantitative benchmarks are highlighted, such as afterglow half‐life, integrated photon yield, NIR‐I/II penetration, recharge efficiency, colloidal stability, biocompatibility, and clearance, and discuss manufacturing and standardization considerations. Finally, it outlines how machine learning can guide composition and defect design, predict trap landscapes, and accelerate optimization of these nanomaterials for translational studies. Afterglow ; Luminescence ; Persistent luminescence ; Nanomaterials ; Nanocrystal ; Optogenetics ; Nanoparticle ; Ytterbium Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials ; Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics ; Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
Authors: Zhangyong Yu | Zhaokun Yang
Source: RSC Advances (article, 2026-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Fabrication of high-strength and self-healing polyurethane composites <i>via</i> Diels–Alder dynamic bonds for sustainable thermal management materials Electronic devices generate a large amount of heat, which can damage devices if not dissipated in a timely manner. Thermal interface materials (TIMs), which are used to enhance heat dissipation efficiency, face challenges in simultaneously achieving high thermal conductivity, desired mechanical properties, and remarkable adhesive, self-healing and recycle properties. In this work, we successfully synthesized a series of dynamically reversible polyurethane (DRPU) elastomers <i>via</i> a Diels-Alder (DA) reaction to serve as TIM matrices. DRPUs demonstrated excellent mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 35.8 MPa, an elongation at break of 714% and a toughness of 146.07 MJ m<sup>-3</sup>. Owing to the synergistic effects of dynamic covalent interactions and strong intrinsic cohesion, DRPUs exhibited a good lap-shear strength of 3.3 MPa on aluminum plates. Additionally, DRPUs displayed efficient self-healing properties, with a self-healing efficiency of 87% that remained at 78% after multiple healing cycles. Furthermore, pre-prepared polydopamine-modified Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(f-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) was confirmed to increase the thermal conductivity of DRPUs. Fabrication ; Polyurethane ; Thermal ; Adhesive ; Elastomer Polymer composites and self-healing ; Thermal properties of materials ; Phase Change Materials Research
Authors: Oscar Novo | Oscar Bastidas-Jossa | Alberto Calvo | Antonio Peris | Carlos Kuchkovsky
Source: ArXiv.org (article, 2026-03-23)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Revisiting Quantum Code Generation: Where Should Domain Knowledge Live? Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled the automation of an increasing number of programming tasks, including code generation for scientific and engineering domains. In rapidly evolving software ecosystems such as quantum software development, where frameworks expose complex abstractions, a central question is how best to incorporate domain knowledge into LLM-based assistants while preserving maintainability as libraries evolve. In this work, we study specialization strategies for Qiskit code generation using the Qiskit-HumanEval benchmark. We compare a parameter-specialized fine-tuned baseline introduced in prior work against a range of recent general-purpose LLMs enhanced with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and agent-based inference with execution feedback. Our results show that modern general-purpose LLMs consistently outperform the parameter-specialized baseline. While the fine-tuned model achieves approximately 47% pass@1 on Qiskit-HumanEval, recent general-purpose models reach 60-65% under zero-shot and retrieval-augmented settings, and up to 85% for the strongest evaluated model when combined with iterative execution-feedback agents -representing an improvement of more than 20% over zero-shot general-purpose performance and more than 35% over the parameter-specialized baseline. Agentic execution feedback yields the most consistent improvements, albeit at increased runtime cost, while RAG provides modest and model-dependent gains. These findings indicate that performance gains can be achieved without domain-specific fine-tuning, instead relying on inference-time augmentation, thereby enabling a more flexible and maintainable approach to LLM-assisted quantum software development. Domain (mathematical analysis) ; Code generation ; Code (set theory) ; Maintainability ; Software ; Domain-specific language ; Software development ; Range (aeronautics) ; Baseline (sea) Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture ; Quantum many-body systems
Authors: Chinnasami Sivaji
Source: REST Journal on Emerging trends in Modelling and Manufacturing (article, 2026-03-24)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Optimization of Fiber Reinforced Composites Selection Using Fuzzy TOPSIS Method Fiber-reinforced composites are advanced materials consisting of strong fibers embedded within a matrix. These materials offer properties such as high strength, durability, and low weight. These characteristics render them valuable in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and construction. This study highlights the importance of enhancing composite materials through research focused on performance, cost, and sustainability. Utilizing the Fuzzy TOPSIS method, various composite types—including CFRP, GFRP, AFRP, NFRP, and BFRP—were evaluated based on their strength, weight reduction capabilities, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact. This method effectively handles uncertainty and ranks alternatives by comparing them against an ideal solution. The results indicate that Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites achieved the highest ranking due to their superior strength and lightweight properties. Conversely, Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer (NFRP) composites received the lowest ranking, owing to their lower performance across key evaluation criteria. TOPSIS ; Composite number ; Ranking (information retrieval) ; Fiber ; Fuzzy logic ; Selection (genetic algorithm) ; Fibre-reinforced plastic ; Fiber-reinforced composite Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites ; Material Selection and Properties ; Mechanical Behavior of Composites
Authors: Yusheng Han | Shengyu Dai
Source: Pure and Applied Chemistry (article, 2026-01-14)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Direct synthesis of poly(α-olefin) thermoplastic elastomers via nickel catalyzed chain walking polymerization Abstract This study presents the direct synthesis of poly(α-olefin) thermoplastic elastomers (PTEs) via nickel-catalyzed chain walking polymerization of linear α-olefins (LAOs) such as 1-hexene, 1-octene, and 1-decene. A series of axially flexible α-diimine nickel(II) catalysts with bulky cycloalkyl substituents were employed to investigate the effects of polymerization conditions – including temperature, monomer concentration, reaction time, and catalyst structure – on the activity, molecular weight, branching density, and thermal properties of the resulting polymers. The catalysts exhibited moderate to high activity and produced high-molecular-weight ( M n up to 683 kg/mol) polymers with tunable branching densities and melting points. Mechanical testing revealed that the resulting PTEs possess excellent elastomeric properties, including high strain at break (strain up to 1487 %) and moderate stress at break (stress up to 18.2 MPa), along with good elastic recovery (SR up to 76 %). This work demonstrates an efficient one-step route to tailor-made PTEs using single LAO monomers, offering a promising alternative to traditional multi-monomer copolymerization systems. Branching (polymer chemistry) ; Thermoplastic elastomer ; Polymerization ; Monomer ; Copolymer ; Elastomer ; Catalysis Polymer composites and self-healing ; biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties ; Organometallic Complex Synthesis and Catalysis
Authors: Yesha Desai | Trupti Barot | Sarika Patel | Keyur Bhatt
Source: International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research (article, 2026-02-13)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A Comparative Review on the Synthesis, Stabilization, and Applications of Silver and Copper Nanoparticles Metal nanoparticles (MNPS) with unique and size-related optical properties that differ greatly from those at the bulk and atomic levels are included in the broad area of nanoscience. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) one of the noble MNPS, have special characteristics for metal interaction. Copper (Cu) and silver (Ag) Nanoparticles can be synthesized by using different methods, including chemical, physical, biological and green synthesis techniques. The synthesis of nanoparticles through the use of plants represents biological method that is both environmentally friendly and cost-effective. We produce two types of nanoparticles: one being silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and the other copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs). The chemical methods of nanoparticles synthesis pose health hazards and environmental risks; the biological method of nanoparticles synthesis is significantly more environmentally friendly and safe for use. Green synthesis, which involves the use of plant extract, bacteria and fungi an eco-friendly approach to nanoparticles production. Controlling the particle size – dependent properties of these nanoparticles enhance their potential application. While silver and gold nanoparticles are wildly studied, copper nanoparticles present a cost- effective alternative with strong antibacterial properties. This review compiles information on the synthesis, properties, stabilizing agent, application of Ag and Cu nanoparticles, their importance in biological and technological fields. Characterization by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), etc. copper nanoparticles generally display a surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) peak within the range of 300-800 nm, with notable peaks occurring around 540-570 nm. Silver nanoparticles usually present a peak within the range of 390-470 nm. Nanoparticle ; Silver nanoparticle ; Copper ; Surface plasmon resonance ; Dynamic light scattering ; Environmentally friendly ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Characterization (materials science) Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications ; Cancer Research and Treatment
Authors: Jun Xie | Fuxiao Wang | C GE | Tianyang Zhao | Yan Ren | Yu Wang | Panke Nie | Bingnan Wan | Jie Yan | Shuo Liu | Jiale Wang | Zihan Zhang
Source: Journal of Applied Polymer Science (article, 2026-01-30)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resin Enhanced by Silicone‐Modified Aluminum Diethylphosphinate in Synergy With Melamine Cyanurate and a Char‐Forming Agent ABSTRACT To enhance the flame retardancy of epoxy resin (EP), aluminum diethyl phosphinate (ADP) was surface‐modified using phenyl trimethoxysilane (PTMS). The modified ADP (PTMS@ADP) was then used as a main flame retardant, in combination with melamine polyphosphate (MPP) as a synergistic acid source and triazine carbonization agent (CFA) as a carbon source, to fabricate an intumescent flame retardant system (PTMS@ADP/MPP/CFA), hereafter referred to as IFR system. This system was incorporated into EP materials to investigate the flame retardancy of the resulting composites. The synergistic flame‐retardant effects among PTMS@ADP, MPP, and CFA were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and char residue analysis. The results show that the carbon residue rate of PTMS@ADP after modification is increased to 37.4 wt %, which is 63.3% higher than that of ADP, showing higher thermal stability at high temperature. Under a constant total loading of 15 wt %, the optimal ratio of PTMS@ADP:MPP:CFA was found to be 3:2:1, achieving the highest LOI value of 33.5%, with all samples meeting the V‐0 rating. Additionally, the char yield at 600°C increased by 89.6% compared with pure EP. Cone calorimetry tests revealed that the average heat release rate and total smoke production were reduced by 40.7% and 29.7%, respectively, indicating that the IFR system significantly improved both the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of the EP composites. The mechanical properties of the EP composite were significantly reduced when ADP was added alone. In contrast, the mechanical properties of the composite were improved upon the addition of PTMS@ADP or PTMS@ADP/MCA/CFA, although they remained lower than those of pure EP. Based on the comprehensive test results of flame retardancy and mechanical properties, the PTMS@ADP/MCA/CFA composite is suitable for applications requiring high flame retardancy with relatively lower demands on mechanical performance. Intumescent ; Char ; Fire retardant ; Melamine ; Thermal stability ; Ammonium polyphosphate ; Composite number ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; Carbonization Flame retardant materials and properties ; Polymer composites and self-healing ; Fiber-reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Jason Daza | Asma Wederni | Pere Bruna | Joan Saurina | Lluïsa Escoda | Joan-Josep Suñol
Source: Journal of Materials Research and Technology (article, 2026-02-05)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Effects of B addition on the structure, microstructure, and magnetic response of the Fe65Co35 alloy The present study investigates the effect of B addition on a Fe65Co35 soft magnetic alloy. Two alloys with a nominal composition of (Fe65Co35)85B15 and (Fe65Co35)80B20 are mechanically alloyed for milling times between 5 and 75 h. The structural analysis of the samples shows how a higher amount of B favors a smaller crystal size. Morphologically, the higher B doping produces a particle size distribution with a lower average value and lower standard deviation. The magnetic results indicate that the soft magnetic behavior of the alloy is reduced with a higher B content, despite having a larger percentage of a non-magnetic element. The (Fe65Co35)80B20 alloy presents a higher saturation magnetization. Alloy ; Magnetic alloy ; Magnetic shape-memory alloy ; Iron alloys ; Ferromagnetism Magnetic Properties and Applications ; Metallic Glasses and Amorphous Alloys ; Magnetic Properties of Alloys
Authors: Sunitha S | Mahalaxmi B | Praveen Kumar S | Dinesh Ram G
Source: Journal of Biomedicine and Biosensors. (article, 2026-03-14)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Optical and Antibacterial Investigation of Biogenically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Sustainable antibacterial materials are desperately needed due to the growing prevalence of bacterial infections that are resistant to drugs. At the same time, environmental concerns associated with conventional nanoparticle synthesis methods have encouraged the development of eco-friendly alternatives. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using a green, plant-mediated reduction method in which phytochemicals present in the plant extract acted as both reducing and stabilizing agents. The formation of AgNPs was verified through optical characterization techniques. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibited typical optical features, including a distinct surface plasmon resonance band and a clear photoluminescence emission peak in the near-UV region (∼ 330–335 nm). These optical properties indicate efficient electronic transitions and the presence of stable surface states in the nanoparticles. Using the agar diffusion technique, the antibacterial activity of the biosynthesised AgNPs was assessed against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. The findings demonstrated that AgNPs exhibited noticeably more antibacterial activity when compared to silver nitrate and plant extract alone, indicating that silver’s bioavailability and antimicrobial efficacy are improved by nanoparticle production. A comparatively larger inhibition zone was observed for the Gram-negative bacterial strain, indicating that variations in bacterial cell wall structure may influence nanoparticle susceptibility. Overall, the findings show that green-synthesised silver nanoparticles have potential for use in the pharmaceutical and biomedical industries and can function as potent antibacterial agents. Silver nanoparticle ; Surface plasmon resonance ; Antibacterial activity ; Nanoparticle ; Silver nitrate ; Photoluminescence ; Antibacterial agent ; Escherichia coli Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications ; Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications