jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Shraddha Dubey | Himanshu Gupta | Ashish Gupta
Source:  (preprint, 2024-01-30)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Autoacetylation-mediated phase separation of TIP60 is critical for its functions Abstract TIP60 is an important lysine acetyl transferase protein that participates in various essential cellular activities by catalyzing the post-translational acetylation of lysine residues on histones and various non-histone protein substrates. TIP60 typically localizes to the nucleus in a punctate foci pattern, although defining factors and mechanisms regulating the assembly of TIP60 foci and their spatial distribution inside the nucleus are not understood. In the present study, we report that TIP60 can undergo phase separation to form liquid like droplets in the nuclear compartment, which is facilitated by the presence of an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) located between its chromodomain and catalytic domain. Importantly, we identified that autoacetylation on lysine 187, located within the IDR region of TIP60, is important for nuclear localization, oligomer formation and phase separation. Finally, we observed that the phase separation of TIP60 promotes its interaction with its partner proteins and actively contribute to its cellular functions. Phase (matter) ; Separation (statistics) ; Chemistry ; Computer science ; Organic chemistry ; Machine learning Enzyme Structure and Function ; Protein Structure and Dynamics ; Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
Authors: Martina Basini | Vivek Unikandanunni | F. Gabriele | M. C. Cross | Derrico, A. M. | Gray, A. X. | M. C. Hoffmann | Filomena Forte | Mario Cuoco | S. Bonetti
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-10-09)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Terahertz-driven parametric excitation of Raman-active phonons in LaAlO$_{3}$ Achieving parametric excitation in an oscillating physical system involves periodically adjusting one of its parameters to modulate the oscillator's natural frequency. This phenomenon has been observed in numerous systems within physics and engineering, profoundly transforming modern science and technology. Despite rapid progress, the parametric control of collective excitations, such as phonons, remains a challenge while promising to generate novel and intriguing effects in a largely unexplored field. Here, we investigate the terahertz (THz) field-induced dynamics of Raman-active phonons in the perovskite structure of LaAlO$_3$ (LAO). Utilizing intense THz pulses, we demonstrate a novel mechanism of parametric phonon excitation marked by substantial subharmonic components. Theoretical analysis can successfully capture the hallmarks of the observed phenomena in a physical scenario with the THz field inducing a parametric coupling between the Raman mode and pairs of acoustic phonon excitations. Terahertz radiation ; Phonon ; Parametric statistics ; Raman spectroscopy ; Excitation ; Materials science ; Optoelectronics ; Physics ; Condensed matter physics ; Optics ; Quantum mechanics ; Mathematics Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials ; Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies ; Perovskite Materials and Applications
Authors: Gurleen Kaur | Antonio J. Olivares | Pere Roca i Cabarrocas
Source: Preprints.org (preprint, 2024-02-20)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Development of n-type, Passivating Nanocrystalline Silicon Oxide (nc-SiOx:H) Films via PECVD Nanocrystalline silicon oxide (nc-SiOx:H) is a multipurpose material with its varied application in solar cells as a transparent front contact, intermediate reflector, back reflector layer and even tunnel layer for passivating contacts, owing to easy tailoring of its optical properties. In this work, we systematically investigate the influence of gas mixture (SiH4, CO2, PH3 and H2), RF power and process pressure on the optical, structural and passivation properties of thin n-type nc-SiOx:H films prepared in an industrial, high throughput, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) reactor. We provide a detailed description of the n-type nc-SiOx:H material develop-ment using various characterization techniques (SEM, EDX, Raman spectroscopy, and spectro-scopic ellipsometry) with a focus on the relationship between the material properties and the pas-sivation they provide to n-type c-Si wafers characterized by their effective carrier lifetime (τeff). Further, we also outline the parameters to be kept in mind while developing different n-type nc-SiOx:H layers for different solar cell applications. We report a tunable optical gap (1.8 – 2.3 eV) for our n-type nc-SiOx:H films as well as excellent passivation properties with τeff up to 3.5 ms (iVoc ~ 715 mV) before annealing. Oxygen content plays an important role in determining the crystallinity and hence passivation quality of the deposited nanocrystalline silicon oxide films. Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition ; Nanocrystalline material ; Materials science ; Oxide ; Nanocrystalline silicon ; Silicon oxide ; Passivation ; Silicon ; Nanotechnology ; Optoelectronics ; Metallurgy ; Layer (electronics) ; Crystalline silicon ; Amorphous silicon ; Silicon nitride Silicon Nanostructures and Photoluminescence ; Thin-Film Transistor Technologies ; Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies
Authors: Christian Koenig | Alice Bastos da Silva Fanta | Joerg R. Jinschek
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-12-04)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Measurement of electron beam induced sample heating in SEM experiments Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) experiments provide detailed insights into material microstructures, enabling high-resolution imaging as well as crystallographic analysis through advanced techniques like Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD). However, the interaction of the high-energy electron beam with the material can lead to localized heating, which may significantly impact specimen integrity, especially in applications requiring prolonged beam exposure, for instance when mapping the crystal structure using EBSD. This study examines electron-beam-induced heating effects on a model metal sample (iron), directly measuring the locally deposited electron beam energy with a MEMS-based heating device and validating these measurements through simulations, including Monte Carlo and Finite Element methods. The analysis focuses on the effects of various experimental parameters such as acceleration voltage (from 5 to 30 kV), beam current (from 0.17 nA to 22 nA), dwell time (from 1$μ$s to 1ms) and sample tilt (0° to 70°). The findings reveal that local sample temperatures can increase by up to 70 °C during EBSD experiments, primarily affected by the choice in beam current and acceleration voltage, with beam current having the most significant impact. Cathode ray ; Sample (material) ; Materials science ; Beam (structure) ; Electron ; Scanning electron microscope ; Optics ; Physics ; Nuclear physics ; Composite material ; Thermodynamics Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques ; X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis ; Ion-surface interactions and analysis
Authors: Adam W. Cruse | J.W. Davis
Source: Nuclear Materials and Energy (article, 2024-03-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Deuterium reclamation from C-Si codeposits using thermo-oxidation • C-Si codeposits have been produced using a sputter-deposition process at temperatures between 300 and 700 K. • Initial deuterium retention has been determined by laser thermal desorption spectroscopy and thermal desorption spectroscopy. • Deuterium removal via thermo-oxidation at 623 K from C-Si codeposits was found to be significantly reduced compared to similar pure C codeposits. • Hydrogen removal behaviour was found to follow closely with that observed for DIII-D B-C codeposits containing a large fraction of B. SiC exhibits a remarkable resistance to neutron irradiation damage and, being a low-Z material, is seen as a potential material candidate for plasma-facing components in magnetic confinement fusion reactors. The current work investigates the reclamation of deuterium from C-Si codeposits produced by sputter-deposition at temperatures from 300 K to 700 K using thermo-oxidation at 350 °C and 400 °C (623 or 673 K). While initial D content was found to be close to that of similarly-produced pure carbon codeposits, hydrogen removal from the investigated C-Si codeposits was significantly reduced comparatively. This reduced removal behaviour was found to follow closely with that observed for B-C codeposits from the DIII-D tokamak. This suggests that hydrogen removal via thermo-oxidation, where a non-carbon inclusion is known to form a stable oxide, is unlikely to be effective. Deuterium ; Hydrogen ; Materials science ; Tokamak ; Carbon fibers ; Oxide ; Fusion power ; Sputtering ; Neutron ; Plasma ; Work (physics) ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Radiochemistry ; Chemical engineering ; Chemistry ; Metallurgy ; Thin film ; Atomic physics ; Nanotechnology ; Nuclear physics ; Thermodynamics ; Composite material ; Composite number Fusion materials and technologies ; Nuclear Materials and Properties ; Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
Authors: Ying Zhu | Emil Prodan
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-11-18)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Topological Dynamics of Synthetic Molecules We study the dynamics of synthetic molecules whose architectures are generated by space transformations from a point group acting on seed resonators. We show that the dynamical matrix of any such molecule can be reproduced as the left regular representation of a self-adjoint element from the stabilized group's algebra. Furthermore, we use elements of representation theory and K-theory to rationalize the dynamical features supported by such synthetic molecules up to topological equivalences. These tools enable us to identify a set of fundamental models which generate by superposition all possible dynamical matrices up to homotopy equivalences. Interpolations between these fundamental models give rise to topological spectral flows. Topology (electrical circuits) ; Dynamics (music) ; Topological dynamics ; Computer science ; Physics ; Mathematics ; Biology ; Combinatorics Molecular spectroscopy and chirality ; History and advancements in chemistry
Authors: Liwei Yang | X. Zhang | Honghu Wang | Na Lei | Jun Wang | Yanqiu Sun | L. Liu | Z. Zhao | Yi‐feng Yang | Dan Wei | D. Pan | Jie Zhao | Jianxin Shen | Weihang Zhao | Huihua Lu | R. Wang | Haoran Yu
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-08-09)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Giant interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction in perovskite La_{0.7}Sr_{0.3}MnO_{3} films The Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) plays a critical role in stabilizing topological spin textures, a key area of growing interest in oxide-based spintronics. While most of reported topological phenomena found in manganites are related to the bulk-like DMI, the understanding of interfacial DMI and its origin in oxide interfaces remain limited. Here we experimentally investigate the interfacial DMI of La_{0.7}Sr_{0.3}MnO_{3} (LSMO) films grown on various substrates by employing spin-wave propagation with drift velocities at room temperature. Our findings reveal a giant interfacial DMI coefficient (\mathit{D} _{s}) of 1.96 pJ/m in LSMO/NdGaO_{3}(110) system, exceeding previously reported values in oxides by one to two orders of magnitude. First-principles calculations further show that with the aid of 6\mathit{s} electrons, the 4\mathit{f} electrons from Nd play a key role in enhancing the spin-orbit coupling of the 3\mathit{d} electrons in Mn, ultimately leading to the observed giant interfacial DMI. This discovery of giant interfacial DMI through engineering the interface of oxides provides valuable insights for advancing functional chiral magnonics and spintronics. Perovskite (structure) ; Materials science ; Condensed matter physics ; Physics ; Crystallography ; Chemistry Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials ; Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials ; Thermal Expansion and Ionic Conductivity
Authors: H. Belghalem | S. Nouiwa | Belgacem Fissah | M. Hamidouche
Source: Journal of Nano- and Electronic Physics (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Ceramics and Composites

Sintering Conditions and their Effect on Alumina's (α-Al2O3) Mechanical Properties Journal of Nano- and Electronic Physics. Scientific journal. ISSN: 2077-6772. Journal abbreviation: J. Nano- Electron. Phys. No page charges. All articles are freely available on-line. Issued 4 times per year. Publisher: Sumy State University. (Sumy, Ukraine) Sintering ; Materials science ; Metallurgy Advanced ceramic materials synthesis ; Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials ; Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties
Authors: Rik-Wouter Bosch | P. Gouat | M. Oliver | B. Boer | Marc Verwerft | J. Van den Bosch | S. Béjaoui | Anaelle Vernier | Antoine Ambard
Source: JOM (article, 2024-12-20)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Development of Instrumented Fuel Pin Testing in the BR2 Reactor for the P2M Project Feedthrough ; Thermocouple ; Nuclear engineering ; Instrumentation (computer programming) ; Transient (computer programming) ; Hot cell ; Engineering ; Mechanical engineering ; Electrical engineering ; Computer science Nuclear Materials and Properties ; Nuclear reactor physics and engineering ; Nuclear and radioactivity studies
Authors: Swapnil Barman | Rajib Kumar Mitra
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-07-12)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Reconfigurable Spin-Wave Properties in Two-Dimensional Magnonic Crystals Formed of Diamond and Triangular Shaped Nanomagnets Two-dimensional ferromagnetic nanodot structures exhibit intriguing magnetization dynamics and hold promise for future magnonic devices. In this study, we present a comparative experimental investigation into the reconfigurable magnetization dynamics of non-ellipsoidal diamond and triangular-shaped nanodot structures, employing broadband ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Our findings reveal substantial variations in the spin wave (SW) spectra of these structures under different bias field strengths (H) and angles (ϕ). Notably, the diamond nanodot structure exhibits a variation from nearly symmetric W-shaped dispersion to a skewed dispersion and subsequent transition to a discontinuous dispersion with subtle variation in bias field angle. On the other hand, in the triangular nanodot array a SW mode anti-crossing appears at ϕ = 15° which is starkly modified with the increase in ϕ to 30°. By analyzing the static magnetic configurations, we unveil the nature of the SW spectra in these two shapes. We reinforce our observations with simulated spatial power and phase maps. This study underscores the critical impact of dot shape and inversion symmetry on SW dynamical response, highlighting the significance of selecting appropriate structures and bias field strength and orientation for required functionalities. The remarkable tunability demonstrated by the magnonic crystals underscores their potential suitability for future magnonic devices. Nanomagnet ; Diamond ; Materials science ; Condensed matter physics ; Spin wave ; Spin (aerodynamics) ; Nanotechnology ; Physics ; Ferromagnetism ; Composite material ; Quantum mechanics ; Magnetization Multiferroics and related materials ; Magnetic properties of thin films
Authors: Bonglee Kim
Source: International Archives of Public Health and Community Medicine (article, 2024-02-16)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Personalized Therapy in Oncology: Melanoma as a Paradigm for Molecular-Targeted Treatment Approaches Over recent decades, systemic cancer therapy has undergone significant transformations due to breakthroughs in understanding cancer biology, immunology, and genetics. Consequently, patients with advanced-stage cancers are experiencing unprecedented survival rates. Personalized cancer therapy aims to optimize clinical outcomes by tailoring drug therapies to individual patients based on their tumor genetics and/or epigenetics, thereby minimizing the toxicity associated with ineffective treatments. Melanoma ; Targeted therapy ; Personalized medicine ; Medicine ; Oncology ; Internal medicine ; Cancer research ; Cancer ; Bioinformatics ; Biology Click Chemistry and Applications ; Computational Drug Discovery Methods ; Melanoma and MAPK Pathways
Authors: Veronika Kralj‐Iglič | Maxence Berry | Darja Božič | Anna Romolo | Kaja Troha | Matevž Arko | Domen Vozel | Aleš Iglič | Saba Battelino | Giovanna L. Liguori | Annamaria Kisslinger
Source:  (article, 2024-09-04)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Standard Operating Procedure for One - Spin Individualized Therapeutic Plasma Based on a Mathematical Model and Test Spin Standard operating procedure (SOP) for one-spin centrifugation of blood to prepare plasma is presented. The aim of the procedure is to prepare plasma with highest content of platelets and extracellular vesicles (EVs) from an individual blood sample. As sedi-menting erythrocytes push plasma that carries platelets and EVs in the opposite direction, the optimal time is defined at the point when the lower bound of the ascending plasma meets the upper bound of the sedimenting erythrocytes. This process is described by a mathematical model which has one adjustable parameter. The parameter is estimated by a test spin at low centripetal acceleration of the centrifuge rotor and short centrifugation time. By using the mathematical model and the estimated parameter, the optimal time of centrifugation at chosen centripetal acceleration of the centrifuge rotor can be set. In the presented contribution we describe the protocole and state the elements needed for safe preparation of optimized and individualized plasma intended for regeneration. Keywords: Therapeutic plasma, Platelet rich plasma, Platelet and extracellular vesicles rich plasma; Regeneration; Extracellular vesicles; Extracellular particles; Exosomes; Sedi-mentation of erythrocytes Spin (aerodynamics) ; Computer science ; Plasma ; Test (biology) ; Physics ; Quantum mechanics ; Thermodynamics Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
Authors: David Bałut | Xuefei Guo | N de Vries | Dipanjan Chaudhuri | Barry Bradlyn | Peter Abbamonte | Philip Phillips
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-12-18)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Quantum Fisher Information Reveals UV-IR Mixing in the Strange Metal The density-density response in optimally doped Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+x}$ has recently been shown to exhibit conformal symmetry. Using, the experimentally inferred conformal dynamic susceptibility, we compute the resultant quantum Fisher information (QFI), a witness to multi-partite entanglement. For a Fermi liquid, we find that the QFI grows quadratically as the temperature increases, consistent then with the phase space available for scattering in the standard theory of metals. By contrast, the QFI in a strange metal increases as a power law at as the temperature decreases, but ultimately extrapolates to a constant at $T=0$. The constant is of the form, $ω_g^{2Δ}$, where $Δ$ is the conformal dimension and $ω_g$ is the UV cutoff which is on the order of the pseudogap. As this constant {depends on both UV and IR properties}, it illustrates that multipartite entanglement in a strange metal exhibits UV-IR mixing, a benchmark feature of doped Mott insulators as exemplified by dynamical spectral weight transfer. We conclude with a discussion of the implication of our results for low-energy reductions of the Hubbard model. Mixing (physics) ; Quantum ; Metal ; Physics ; Astrophysics ; Quantum mechanics ; Theoretical physics ; Materials science ; Metallurgy Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Neural Networks and Applications ; Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials
Authors: Francisco A. Godínez | Marvin Montoya-Rangel | R. Montoya
Source: PLoS ONE (article, 2024-04-04)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Accelerated corrosion of low carbon steel by oscillatory acidic streams generated with a bio-inspired claw device A mechanical device inspired by the pistol shrimp snapper claw was developed. This technology features a claw characterized by a periodic opening/closing motion, at a controlled frequency, capable of producing oscillating flows at transitional Reynolds numbers. An innovative method was also proposed for determining the corrosion rate of carbon steel samples under oscillating acidic streams (aqueous solution of HCl). By employing very-thin carbon steel specimens (25 μm thickness), with one side coated with Zn and not exposed to the stream, it became possible to electrochemically sense the Zn surface once the steel sample was perforated, thus providing the average dissolution rate into the most relevant pit on the steel surface. Furthermore, a laser light positioned beneath the metallic sample, along with a camera programmed to periodically capture images of the steel surface, facilitated the accurate counting of the number of newly formed pits. The system consisting of the thin steel sample and the Zn coating can be seen as a type of corrosion sensor. Furthermore, the proposed laser illumination method allows corroborating the electrochemical detection of pits and also establishing their location. The techniques crafted in this study pave the way for developing alternative corrosion sensors that boast appealing attributes: affordability, compactness, and acceptable accuracy to detect in time and space localized damage. Corrosion ; Carbon steel ; Materials science ; Dissolution ; Coating ; Aqueous solution ; Carbon fibers ; Composite material ; Metallurgy ; Chemistry ; Composite number Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition ; Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications ; Non-Destructive Testing Techniques
Authors: Martin Baránek | P. Neilinger | Samuel Kern | M. Grajcar
Source: ArXiv.org (preprint, 2024-08-01)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Numerical modeling of SNSPD absorption utilizing optical conductivity with quantum corrections Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors are widely used in various fields of physics and technology, due to their high efficiency and timing precision. Although, in principle, their detection mechanism offers broadband operation, their wavelength range has to be optimized by the optical cavity parameters for a specific task. We present a study of the optical absorption of a superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) with an optical cavity. The optical properties of the niobium nitride films, measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry, were modelled using the Drude-Lorentz model with quantum corrections. The numerical simulations of the optical response of the detectors show that the wavelength range of the detector is not solely determined by its geometry, but the optical conductivity of the disordered thin metallic films contributes considerably. This contribution can be conveniently expressed by the ratio of imaginary and real parts of the optical conductivity. This knowledge can be utilized in detector design. Absorption (acoustics) ; Conductivity ; Quantum ; Optics ; Optoelectronics ; Physics ; Materials science ; Quantum mechanics Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Laser Design and Applications