jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: H. Largant | L. Drouilhet | F. Woloszyn | F. Plisson-Petit | S. Lucas | J.-C. Duchêne | D. Allain | H. Larroque
Source: animal (article, 2025-12-24)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Genetic parameters of lamb leather and wool traits in Lacaune dairy sheep Lacaune lamb skins are well known for their high quality and are widely used in the leather industry and luxury ready-to-wear fashion. However, in France, the quality of this leather has declined over recent decades, primarily due to two major defects: pinhole and straw-like bushiness. The study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters of these defects and wool traits, and to assess the genetic correlations between these traits and traits currently under selection in the Lacaune breed. To investigate the genetic determinism of these defects, around 1 400 Lacaune lambs, from 72 rams, were genotyped using the Illumina OvineSNP50 BeadChip and were phenotyped for both leather defects and four wool traits. Environmental factors affecting each studied trait were determined using ANOVA. Then, heritabilities and genetic correlations were estimated by fitting an animal linear model using an average information REML algorithm. The pinhole defect showed a high heritability (0.59 ± 0.07) and was highly genetically correlated to the wool predicted core bulk (r<sub>g</sub> = 0.54 ± 0.09). The straw-like bushiness defect had a lower heritability (0.26 ± 0.07) and was genetically correlated to the mean fibre diameter (r<sub>g</sub> = 0.48 ± 0.14). Importantly, neither of the leather defects was highly genetically correlated with the traits currently included in the breed's total merit index. Therefore, improving leather quality through genetic selection appears feasible and could be pursued alongside the existing breeding objectives for the Lacaune breed in France, and could also be considered in other countries where the Lacaune genetics are exported. Heritability ; Breed ; Wool ; Selection (genetic algorithm) ; Animal breeding ; Purebred ; Genetic variation Collagen: Extraction and Characterization ; Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock ; Meat and Animal Product Quality
Authors: Senewa Bobby Pholoma | Goitseone Malambane | Gulelat Haki | Seoleseng Tshwenyane
Source: International Journal of Plant & Soil Science (article, 2025-04-11)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Evaluation of Morpho-physio Parameters of Corchorus olitorius Accessions under Water Deficit Conditions It has been well established that water deficit stress greatly affects the physiological process of most crops thus subsequently affecting yield as it disturbs the photosynthesis process. So it important to continuously evaluate potential future crops on the performance under limited moisture conditions to document their physiological response. This study aimed to analyse morpho-physiological parameters of six Corchorus olitorius (Jew’s mallow) accessions grown under water deficit stress in Botswana. A greenhouse pot study was conducted during 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 seasons. The six accessions were subjected to 30% FC as water deficit stress and 80% FC as control. The yield and yield components, physiological parameter including SPAD content, proline, stomatal conductance and leaf relative water content of six selected Corchorus olitorius accessions were assessed during two consecutive seasons. There was a significant difference in all the studied accessions yield and their components under the water deficit stress and control treatment with decreased mean values under the 30% FC. Bafia and TOT6684 accessions recorded higher fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area, root weight, under both water deficit stress and control treatments suggesting that they are high yielding accessions while MSB072 mostly recorded lower values for the same traits thus it could be characterised as low yielding accession. Interestingly, these two high yielding accessions had the fewest number of branches, resulting in a negative correlation between the yield and number of branches. SUD3 accession, recorded the highest root length despite low yielding, possibly because it transmitted more assimilates into developing long roots to seek for water. Bafia and TOT6684 recordings in all the variables under both treatments therefore suggested that, they are high yielding accessions while MSB072 is low yielding accession. These high yielding accessions during water deficit stress suggest that Corchorus olitorius might be having some tolerance mechanisms that sustain physiological growth during stress. Corchorus olitorius ; Morpho ; Biology ; Botany ; Horticulture Diatoms and Algae Research ; Polymer-Based Agricultural Enhancements
Authors: Olexandr Geraskin | Yurii Haidenko | Vadim Chumack | Vladislav Mihaylenko | Yevgeniy Trotsenko
Source: Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies (article, 2025-10-31)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Identifying mechanisms behind crack formation and destruction of the damper winding of a capsule-type hydrogenerator in the presence of static rotor eccentricity This study investigates a capsule-type SGK 538/160–70M hydrogenerator with a rated power of 23 MVA. The task addressed relates to crack initiation and failure of the damper winding in the hydrogenerator in the presence of rotor static eccentricity. A three-dimensional field-based mathematical model of the electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical interaction has been constructed to evaluate the distributions of currents, temperatures, and thermomechanical stresses in the damper winding segment and in the brazed joints of rods. It is shown that the occurrence and evolution of rotor static eccentricity constitute one of the essential causes of catastrophic damages and failures in hydrogenerators of this type. It has been determined that, under rotor static eccentricity of ε = 0.83, the local stresses in the joint of the central rod increase by a factor of ~3.2 (up to ≈ 540 MPa). This value exceeds the tensile strength of copper and explains rod ruptures and avalanche-type failure of the segment. In addition, it was established that the existence and localization of cracks in brazed joints significantly affect the bending (deformation) behavior of the pole damper winding segment. The results could be applied to estimate the service life and to upgrade large slow-speed synchronous hydrogenerators (including capsule types). Specifically, under the following conditions: a) existing or expected eccentricities; b) high thermal gradients in the end/short-circuiting parts of the damper winding; c) operation with frequent starts/stops or cooling modes close to limiting values. The effective engineering measures that have been proposed, such as improving the mobility of rods in slots; revising the number and diameters of rods; applying high-strength materials, could be implemented in retrofitting projects and when repairing the rotor Damper ; Rotor (electric) ; Brace ; Eccentricity (behavior) ; Bending ; Creep ; Joint (building) ; Catastrophic failure ; Service life Material Properties and Failure Mechanisms ; Magnetic Bearings and Levitation Dynamics ; Geophysics and Sensor Technology
Authors: Ghadeer Al Obahi | Saeed M. Al Ghalibi | Hala Jameel Aeid Al Jobory
Source: مجلة جامعة صنعاء للعلوم التطبيقية والتكنولوجيا (article, 2025-12-28)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Enzymatic Capabilities and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacteria Isolated from Medical Laboratory Surfaces in Sana’a, Yemen Background: The surfaces of medical laboratories are potential reservoirs of multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms, posing a significant biosafety risk. In Yemen, where national surveillance and laboratory biosafety data are limited, the extent of environmental contamination is unknown. This study aimed to provide the first characterization of bacterial flora, their antimicrobial resistance profiles, and virulence-associated enzyme production from isolates on laboratory surfaces in Sana’a.Methods: In this descriptive microbiological study, 100 surface swabs were collected from ten medical laboratories. Bacterial identification was performed using standard biochemical methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion according to the EUCAST guidelines. The isolates were also screened for protease, lipase, and hemolysin production.Results: Bacterial growth was detected in 94% (94/100) of the sampled surfaces, with the bioburden dominated by gram-positive bacteria (98.3%), primarily Staphylococcus and Bacillus spp.. The isolates exhibited high resistance rates, including near-universal resistance to ampicillin (100%) and high resistance to clindamycin (&gt;86%) among staphylococci. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected in 15.6% of S.aureus isolates. Many isolates, particularly Bacillus species, exhibit significant enzymatic activity.Conclusion: Surfaces in medical laboratories in Sana’a harbor a significant bioburden of pathogenic and MDR bacteria, including MRSA, along with isolates with notable enzymatic capabilities. These baseline findings provide crucial data-driven evidence to inform local biosafety policies and highlight the urgent need to integrate environmental surveillance into Yemen’s national AMR action plan. Bioburden ; Antibiotic resistance ; Antimicrobial ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Bacteria ; Antibiotics ; Biosafety ; Photobacterium phosphoreum ; Staphylococcus Antimicrobial agents and applications ; Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research ; Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Authors: Grzegorz Pilarski | Monika Nowikowska | Piotr Galemba
Source: Cybersecurity and Law (article, 2025-12-23)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Deepfake technology: definition, characteristics of the phenomenon, and mechanisms of operation The aim of this article is to analyse deepfake technology, with particular emphasis on the characteristics of the phenomenon in question, to define it, describe how it works, compare it with other forms of digital manipulation, and indicate its significance in the context of social threats.The work focuses on identifying the features that distinguish deepfake from other forms of digital manipulation and discussing the factors influencing its growing effectiveness and prevalence.The research method used was an analysis and critical review of the literature on the subject, including scientific publications, institutional reports and expert studies on generative technologies and digital disinformation.This method was supplemented by a comparative analysis of selected definitions and classifications of deepfakes, which allowed for a synthetic approach to the phenomenon and its placement in a broader social and technological context.The results of the analyses indicate that deepfakes represent a qualitatively new stage in the development of digital manipulation, characterised by a high level of realism, automation of the creation process and the ability to imitate individual human characteristics such as appearance, voice and facial expressions.The mechanisms of this technology are based on dynamic learning of artificial intelligence models on large data sets, which leads to a gradual blurring of the line between authentic and synthetic content.At the same time, it has been shown that the pace of development of generative tools currently exceeds the capabilities of their effective detection.In conclusion, it was accepted that deepfake technology poses a significant challenge to contemporary information societies, affecting the credibility of media communication, social trust and information security.An interdisciplinary approach is therefore necessary, combining the development of manipulation detection technologies, appropriate legal regulations and media education, in order to limit the negative consequences of this phenomenon while preserving its potential for use. Work (physics) ; Stability (learning theory) ; Measure (data warehouse) ; Production (economics) ; Reliability (semiconductor) Ultrasound and Cavitation Phenomena ; Fluid Dynamics and Thin Films ; Polymer Science and Applications
Authors: Stefan Haug | Oleg Borisov | Nick Lehner | Mona Schoberth | Irene Menneking | Katherine Xu | Atlas Khan | Nora Scherer | Sara Monteiro-Martins | Burulça Uluvar | Werner Roemisch‐Margl | Matthias Arnold | Pascal Schlosser | Peggy Sekula | Florian Kronenberg | Kai‐Uwe Eckardt | Krzysztof Kiryluk | Matthias Wuttke | Gabi Kastenmüller | Yong Li | Anna Köttgen
Source: medRxiv (preprint, 2025-12-09)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Insights into Renal Protein Handling Through GWAS of the Human Urine Proteome The kidneys are an important determinant of circulating protein levels that retain plasma proteins at the glomerular filter and reclaim filtered proteins from urine. While genetic determinants of the circulating proteome have been extensively studied, studies of the urine proteome are lacking. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 9 million common genetic variants for each of 2,868 proteins quantified using antibody-based technology from the urine of 1,246 persons. We identified associations between urine protein levels and at least one significant (P<1.7E-11) variant at 174 loci. Index variants were mostly (153/174) located near their encoding <i>cis</i> -gene and enriched for protein-altering variants. Comparative analysis with plasma levels of the respective protein revealed a shared genetic basis at 122 loci, suggesting that their levels in urine provide a readout for systemic processes. Conversely, 38 loci showed urine-specific genetic signals. Variants in <i>CUBN</i> and <i>LRP2</i> , encoding the major receptor complex for tubular protein reabsorption from renal ultrafiltrate, were associated with >20 urine proteins each and shared with urine albumin, a known CUBN ligand. Integration with molecular and clinical data suggested many functional relationships, linking genetically driven changes in urine protein levels to differential gene expression, metabolite levels, and/or risk of disease. For example, genotypes at variants in the <i>PSCA</i> locus were perfectly predicted by urine PSCA levels and associated with <i>PSCA</i> expression and diseases of PSCA-expressing tissues, including bladder cancer and urinary tract infections, demonstrating potential clinical utility of urine protein levels. These findings are accessible through a convenient web application, and establish a comprehensive genetic framework for kidney protein handling to facilitate clinical and experimental investigations. Proteome ; Urine ; Urinary system ; Genome-wide association study ; Locus (genetics) ; Genotype ; Kidney ; Gene Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes ; Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies
Authors: W.-F. Tang | Huacheng Wu | Tangfeng Lv
Source: Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Inhibitory Effect of Immune Checkpoint Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Antigen-4 Inhibitor Combined with Curcumin on Tumor Growth in Mice with Lung Cancer We aimed to investigate whether immune checkpoint cytotoxic T-lymphocyteassociated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor plus curcumin can inhibit tumor growth in mice with lung cancer.A mouse model of lung cancer was established by injecting Lewis lung cancer cells.The mice were allocated to an anti-CTLA-4 group, a curcumin group, an anti-CTLA-4+curcumin group, and a Model group in random (n=10).The tumor inhibition rate and metastasis inhibition rate were calculated.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed on tumor tissues for their pathological changes.The apoptosis rate was measured by TUNEL assay.In comparison with the Model group, the tumor volume, tumor mass, number of lung metastatic nodules, and the protein and relative mRNA expressions of Bcl-2 in tumor tissues significantly decreased in anti-CTLA-4, curcumin, and anti-CTLA-4+curcumin groups, while the tumor inhibition rate, metastasis inhibition rate, apoptosis rate of tumor cells, and Caspase-3 and Bax contents in tumor tissues increased (P<0.0001).CTLA-4 inhibitor plus curcumin can inhibit tumor growth in mice with lung cancer, which may be associated with the promotion of lung cancer cell apoptosis by regulating the Caspase-3/Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway. Curcumin ; Immune system ; Cytotoxic T cell ; Antigen ; Lung cancer ; Lymphocyte ; Immunology ; Cancer ; Biology ; Cancer research ; Medicine ; Pharmacology ; Pathology ; Internal medicine ; In vitro Synthesis and Biological Evaluation ; Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research ; RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Authors: Min Jae Kim | D. Lee | Chae Yeon Roh | Young Hoon Jo
Source: The international archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences/International archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences (article, 2025-10-01)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Conservation and Restoration of Chimi from Mireuksa Temple Site, Iksan Abstract. A chimi was a decorative architectural element placed at the highest point of a building’s roof that symbolized the dignity and authority of the ruling class. Unlike ordinary roof tiles, chimi were large and heavy and their production required advanced craftsmanship. However, as most chimi were made using clay, they have typically been excavated as numerous fragments of varying sizes and weights. This makes it difficult to determine their original form or identify the components of a single chimi, resulting in relatively few examples of complete restorations and limited related research.This article focuses on a restoration study using selected fragments of chimi excavated from the Mireuksa Temple site in Iksan. The fragments feature relatively large remaining surface areas, making them suitable for the reconstruction. Most chimi pieces from the site are currently preserved as fragments, and even the larger pieces that had previously been restored require re-conservation treatment due to the deterioration of past restoration materials. The chosen chimi specimens were first disassembled, separating previously joined pieces and restoration materials. Subsequently, fragments deemed to be suitable for reconstruction were selected for each specimen. Using three-dimensional digital technologies, the relative positions of the fragments were estimated, and the missing parts were digitally reconstructed to ensure structural stability. Identifiable fragments were reassembled, and the missing parts were modeled and restored with 3D printing techniques.Consequently, three chimi specimens from the Mireuksa Temple site were successfully restored to their presumed original forms. These restorations will contribute to future exhibitions and academic research. Conservation ; Roof ; Temple ; Feature (linguistics) ; Point (geometry) Wood and Agarwood Research ; Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis
Authors: Ru Zhou | Lin Ling | Qi Li | Siqi Zeng | Jianzhi Ye | Chuanying Luo
Source: PLoS ONE (article, 2025-09-02)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Application of a SODOSM-based MCDM method for evaluating comprehensive fruit quality: A case study of pineapple This study constructs an evaluation index system and model by integrating objective evaluation methods such as the entropy weight method and TOPSIS with subjective evaluation methods like Delphi and AHP. By analyzed the scatter plots of the comprehensive quality evaluation values of commodity quality before and after weighting, it was found that the quality evaluation values before and after weighting are highly correlated, with correlation coefficients of 0.908 respectively. The weighting method employed in this study only weights the quality evaluation values within a certain range to reflect the subjective preference of consumers, without destructively altering the quality evaluation. This study aims to construct an evaluation index system and model that not only satisfies subjective preferences but also objectively reflects the true quality of pineapples from multiple indicators and dimensions. Weighting ; TOPSIS ; Analytic hierarchy process ; Multiple-criteria decision analysis ; Delphi method ; Quality (philosophy) ; Evaluation methods ; Entropy (arrow of time) ; Statistics ; Computer science ; Delphi ; Mathematics ; Data mining ; Operations research ; Reliability engineering ; Medicine ; Engineering Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
Authors: Ghesquière-Diérickx, Thibault | Molinari, Jean-François | Anciaux, Guillaume
Source: ArXiv.org (article, 2025-11-18)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Stability of Extrinsic Cohesive-Zone Model with Penalty-Based Contact in Explicit Dynamic Fragmentation Simulations Dynamic fragmentation simulations are essential for predicting material response at high strain rates, yet explicit dynamic simulations that combine an extrinsic cohesive-zone model (CZM) with penalty-based contact often exhibit severe instabilities. In a two-dimensional benchmark, we observe exponential energy growth and resulting artificial fragmentation under standard contact penalty settings and time step choices, which motivates a systematic analysis of instability sources. Three mechanisms are isolated and quantified: (i) diverging initial cohesive stiffness, which constrains the stable time step; (ii) discontinuous stiffness jumps at the cohesive-contact interface; and (iii) discontinuity introduced by cohesive softening. Analytical error estimates, phase-space diagnostics, and energy growth metrics reveal that repeated cohesive-contact switching can accumulate small per-step energy errors into long-term energy drift. Within the explored parameter space, maintaining stability requires time steps well below the usual limit. To mitigate these energy artifacts, we assess an adaptive penalty strategy that ties the contact stiffness to the evolving cohesive stiffness. This modification eliminates the discontinuity and restores energy conservation, but it allows larger interpenetration, making it suitable as a diagnostic rather than a definitive remedy. Overall, our study identifies the root causes of unphysical energy drift and demonstrates that penalty-based contact is not a viable approach for long-term, energy-consistent fragmentation simulations with physically meaningful fragment statistics. Discontinuity (linguistics) ; Stiffness ; Fragmentation (computing) ; Instability ; Energy (signal processing) ; Exponential growth ; Control theory (sociology) ; Stability (learning theory) High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior ; Cellular and Composite Structures ; Structural Response to Dynamic Loads