jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Наталія Фіалко | Nataliia Мeranova | Julii Sherenkovskii | Raisa Navrodska | Vitalii Babak | Volodymyr Korzhyk | M. M. Lazarenko | Neli Koseva | O.V. Konoreva | Роман Дінжос
Source: Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies (article, 2024-06-28)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

Establishing patterns in the structure formation of polymer nanocomposites based on polyamide 6 during their crystallization processes This paper reports experimental and computational studies on patterns in the structure formation of polymer nanocomposites when different types of fillers are used. The study was conducted for nanocomposites based on polyamide 6 filled with carbon nanotubes or silicon dioxide nanoparticles. In the course of research, the mass fraction of the filler varied from 0.2 % to 4.0 %, and the cooling rate of the melt composite varied from 0.5 K/min up to 20 K/min. Data on experimental and theoretical studies into the mechanisms of structure formation of composites according to the method, which includes two stages, are given. According to the first stage, crystallization exotherms of nanocomposites were experimentally obtained when they are cooled from the melt at a given constant rate. The dependence of various characteristics of the crystallization process on the mass fraction of the filler and the cooling rate of the composite was established. At the second stage, based on the analysis of the obtained crystallization exotherms, theoretical studies were performed to determine the mechanisms of structure formation of nanocomposites at different stages of crystallization. For the initial stage, according to the nucleation equation, the presence of two mechanisms of structure formation – planar and volumetric – has been shown. Within the framework of the Kolmogorov-Avrami equation, the mechanisms of structure formation at the next stage of crystallization were established, which corresponds to the formation of ordered structures in the material within the volume of the polymer composite as a whole. The research was carried out assuming the existence of a mechanism of crystallization of the polymer matrix itself, which is realized on fluctuations in the density of the polymer, and a mechanism of crystallization, the centers of which are filler particles. The use of the proposed nanocomposites is promising for the manufacture of parts of energy equipment, electronic equipment, elements of chemical, processing, defense industry installations, etc. Crystallization ; Nanocomposite ; Nucleation ; Materials science ; Volume fraction ; Composite number ; Polyamide ; Polymer ; Composite material ; Crystallization of polymers ; Avrami equation ; Polymer nanocomposite ; Mass fraction ; Chemical engineering ; Chemistry ; Organic chemistry Material Properties and Applications ; Advanced Theoretical and Applied Studies in Material Sciences and Geometry ; Polymer Science and Applications
Authors: Pingping Fang | Xiaofang Li | Mingxuan Li | Zhen Shi | Yusu Cheng | Jie Shen | Chuanqing Zhang | Ting Sun | Kang Ning | Xinyang Wu | Fang Dong | Pei Xu
Source: Plant and Cell Physiology (article, 2024-12-05)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Discovery of 4-(2-phenylethynyl) benzoic acid as a potential potent chemical pruner Rocketing labor cost is a major challenge threatening agricultural sustainability and food security worldwide. The replacement of manual pruning of horticultural plants with chemical pruning has long been a goal for saving cost and reducing virus spreading. Here, guided by the structure-function relationship of allelochemical benzoic acid derivatives, we have identified 4-(2-phenylethynyl)-benzoicacid (PEBA) as a highly bioactive compound. PEBA arrested tomato seed germination at a concentration as low as 0.5 μM, and effectively suppressed lateral branching at 10-100 μM. In field conditions, a foliar spraying of 25 μM PEBA altered tomato plant architecture by repressing emergence and elongation of lateral buds, without significantly affecting plant growth and final fruit yield. Moreover, PEBA could also inhibit seed germination in cereals, albeit at a lower efficacy. The application of 500 μM and 750 μM PEBA profoundly curbed preharvest sprouting in wheat and rice. Acute toxicity analysis using silkworm and Trichogramma chilonis revealed that PEBA posed a low risk of toxicity. The persistence analysis further indicated that residue levels of PEBA in various plant organs were very low following applications. The inhibitory effect of PEBA on tomato seed germination was associated with the suppression of GA1 accumulation and reactive oxygen species generation, while its effect on lateral bud outgrowth were related to perturbations in the plant hormones and the modulation of genes involved in secondary metabolism and those encoding ABC transporters. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the potential of PEBA as a potent plant growth regulator with significant value for chemical pruning. Benzoic acid ; Chemistry ; Stereochemistry ; Combinatorial chemistry ; Organic chemistry Synthesis and properties of polymers ; Click Chemistry and Applications ; Chemical Reactions and Mechanisms
Source: Chemistry International (article, 2024-07-01)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

IUPAC FAIR Chemistry Cookbook Abstract The IUPAC FAIR Chemistry Cookbook is a new living resource developed to enable the chemical sciences community to move toward sharing and reusing data, code, metadata, etc. that are F indable , A ccessible , I nteroperable , and R eusable or FAIR . Chemical nomenclature ; Industrial chemistry ; Polymer science ; Chemistry ; Engineering ; Biochemical engineering ; Organic chemistry History and advancements in chemistry ; Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
Authors: Shahadev Ganesh | Ghadge | S Shete | Peer-Reviewed | A Smith | R Johnson | M Garcia | L Wang | Y Chen | S Patel | H Kim | P Gupta | X Li | Z Wang | D Patel | Q Yang | S Rahman | R Sharma | A Gupta | H Zhang | J Lee | K Kim | X Wang | C Liu | J Park | Z Huang | S Kim | Y Wang | H Lee
Source: International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science (review, 2024-01-20)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Nanotechnology Based Herbal Hair Cosmetics a Review This comprehensive review investigates the convergence of nanotechnology and herbal components in the development of advanced hair cosmetics.Nanoparticles, with their unique properties, are harnessed to improve the delivery, stability, and efficacy of herbal extracts in hair care products.The synergistic combination offers enhanced bioavailability, promoting optimal nutrient absorption for healthier hair.The review explores various nanocarriers and their applications, shedding light on innovative formulations that address specific hair concerns such as damage, dandruff, and hair loss.Additionally, it addresses the safety considerations associated with nanomaterials and proposes potential avenues for future research.By merging the strengths of nanotechnology and herbal remedies, this review provides valuable insights into the evolving landscape of hair cosmetics, offering a glimpse into the promising realm of personalized and effective nanotech-based herbal hair care solutions. Cosmetics ; Nanotechnology ; Hair care ; Dermatology ; Traditional medicine ; Medicine ; Materials science ; Polymer science ; Pathology Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds
Authors: A Ajitha | Kishore Kumar Pasupuletti | Narendra Pentu
Source: Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science (review, 2024-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

A critical review of analytical methods for quantification of rivaroxaban in biological samples and pharmaceutical formulations Rivaroxaban (RXN) is a direct oral anticoagulant (direct inhibitor of factor Xa) used in the treatment of atrial fibrillation to reduce the risk of stroke caused by clot, periphery, and coronary heart disease. The foremost goal of the pharmaceutical drug is to exert its therapeutic action and cure the disease. Considering the therapeutic importance of RXN, this review focuses on the various spectrophotometric (UV) and chromatographic methods (thin-layer chromatography, high-performance thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, ultra-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) available for the quality control and pharmacokinetic studies of RXN. The analytical methods published provide an overview of the various instrumental techniques that establishes the identity, quality, and purity of RXN. Stability-indicating methods anticipate the degradation products (DPs)/pathways of RXN which would help researchers to elucidate the structure of DP. The proposed review explores the greenness profiles of the reported analytical methods (2010–2024) based on the National Environmental Method Index in view of sustainable development goals 2030. The published bioanalytical methods provide a roadmap for potential researchers in developing more robust, efficient, and eco-friendly methods incorporating sorbent-based microextraction techniques to enhance biomedical research. Also, researchers incorporate analytical quality-based design (AQbD) which augments the quality and shrinks the out-of-trend and out-of-specification to expedite the regulatory flexibility in the analytical method. Overall this review illuminates the future canvassers to develop greener methods using eco-friendly solvents incorporating AQbD for the determination of RXN in biological fluids and drug products. Rivaroxaban ; Pharmaceutical formulation ; Chromatography ; Biochemical engineering ; Chemistry ; Medicine ; Engineering ; Internal medicine Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals ; Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
Authors: Andrzej Katrusiak | Hien Quy Le
Source: Preprints.org (preprint, 2024-09-16)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Quaternion and Biquaternion Representations of Proper and Improper Transformations in Non-cartesian Reference Systems Quaternion and biquaternion symmetry transformations have been applied to non-Cartesian reference systems of direct and reciprocal crystal lattices. The transformations performed directly in the sets of crystal reference axes simplify the calculations, eliminate the need for orthogonalization, permit the use of crystallographic vectors for defining the directions of rotations and perform the computations directly in the crystal coordinates. The applications of the general quaternion transformations are envisioned for physical, chemical, crystallographic and engineering applications. The general quaternion multiplication rules for any symmetry-unrestricted lattices have been derived for the triclinic crystallographic system and have been applied to the biquaternion representations of all point-group symmetry elements, including the crystallographic hexagonal system. Cayley multiplication matrices for point groups, based on the biquaternion symbols of proper and improper symmetry elements, have been exemplified. Quaternion ; Orthogonalization ; Cartesian coordinate system ; Symmetry (geometry) ; Mathematics ; Multiplication (music) ; Crystallographic point group ; Pure mathematics ; Algebra over a field ; Triclinic crystal system ; Coordinate system ; Symmetry operation ; Crystallography ; Geometry ; Crystal structure ; Combinatorics X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography ; Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry ; Solid-state spectroscopy and crystallography
Authors: P. Deepthi
Source:  (review, 2024-09-30)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

HEAVY METALS IN COSMETICS: A REVIEW OF THEIR IMPACT AND RISKS Global consumption of cosmetics has increased due to unrealistic beauty standards, which has caused a corresponding increase in the manufacturing of cosmetics.This causes a spike in the use of heavy metals added to cosmetics.The heavy metals lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, and nickel, are commonly utilized in the production of cosmetics and personal hygiene products.The detrimental consequences of heavy metals differ based on a number of variables, including exposure duration and dose.The primary concerns in a wide range of issues include carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, lung damage, dermatitis, cardiovascular disorders, renal dysfunction, and endocrine, developmental, and reproductive disorders.These shed light on the harmful consequences on the ecosystem's diverse flora and fauna.This review aims to investigate the impacts of heavy metals on the environment, the harm they can do to human health, and the significance of mitigating these effects.Heavy metal poisoning events can be avoided by enforcing stricter norms, prohibiting dangerous compounds, and ensuring compliance with regulations. Cosmetics ; Heavy metals ; Environmental science ; Risk analysis (engineering) ; Environmental chemistry ; Business ; Medicine ; Chemistry Dye analysis and toxicity
Authors: Andrzej Katrusiak | Hien Quy Le
Source: Symmetry (article, 2024-10-14)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Quaternion and Biquaternion Representations of Proper and Improper Transformations in Non-Cartesian Reference Systems Quaternion and biquaternion symmetry transformations have been applied to non-Cartesian reference systems of direct and reciprocal crystal lattices. The transformations performed directly in the sets of crystal reference axes simplify the calculations, eliminate the need for orthogonalization, permit the use of crystallographic vectors for defining the directions of rotations and perform the computations directly in the crystal coordinates. The applications of the general quaternion transformations are envisioned for physical, chemical, crystallographic and engineering applications. The general quaternion multiplication rules for any symmetry-unrestricted lattices have been derived for the triclinic crystallographic system and have been applied to the biquaternion representations of all point-group symmetry elements, including the crystallographic hexagonal system. Cayley multiplication matrices for point-groups, based on the biquaternion symbols of proper and improper symmetry elements, have been exemplified. Quaternion ; Cartesian coordinate system ; Orthogonalization ; Symmetry (geometry) ; Mathematics ; Multiplication (music) ; Crystallographic point group ; Pure mathematics ; Algebra over a field ; Symmetry operation ; Triclinic crystal system ; Coordinate system ; Crystallography ; Geometry ; Crystal structure ; Combinatorics X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography ; Crystallography and Radiation Phenomena ; Scientific Research and Discoveries
Authors: Raden Dadan Ramdan | Yasya Nur Muhammad | Sihol Christian Lumbantoruan | Irma Pratiwi | Bambang Widyanto | Aditianto Ramelan
Source: Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies (article, 2024-08-30)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

The important factors for structure and mechanical properties in the repair of iron base metal component by thermal spray and welding processes Cast iron is widely used in the manufacturing industry due to its high strength and wear resistance properties. However, cast iron's brittle nature results in frequent failure of cracks during formation or use. Among the repair methods that can be used are thermal spray and the welding process. Even though both welding and thermal spray have been implemented for various metal repairs processes, however very limited technical reports as well as scientific papers are found for this topic. Therefore, the optimum condition of metal repair by both processes is still needed to be explored. The present works focus on the comparison between thermal spray and welding method for cast iron repairs purposes. In the experiment of thermal spray process focus has been given in optimizing spraying distance on microstructure and hardness properties. On the other hand, in the welding experimental works focus has been given on the influence of groove design on microstructure and hardness. Each research variable is carried out to obtain optimal crack repair results. It was observed that thermal spray process produces less Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) area compared to the welding process therefore having less critical area. The highest hardness value of thermal spray method is 101.33 shown by 30 cm spraying distance. Meanwhile, the highest hardness value of HAZ area of welding method is 600 HV shown by specimen A. It was obtained that from the present experimental works, thermal spray process produces better results than welding process. However, the value of the specimen hardness produced by the welding and thermal spray method depends on the type of coating material used Welding ; Materials science ; Component (thermodynamics) ; Base metal ; Metallurgy ; Thermal ; Metal ; Base (topology) ; Composite material ; Thermodynamics ; Physics Metal Alloys Wear and Properties ; Material Properties and Applications ; Surface Treatment and Coatings
Authors: Yuriy Tsapko | Аleksii Tsapko | Vitally Prisyazhnuk | Руслан Климась | Ruslan Likhnyovskyi | Oksana Slutska | Natalia Lialina | Kostiantyn Kaveryn
Source: Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies (article, 2024-08-30)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

Revealing patterns in reducing the fire-hazardous properties of insulation made from plant raw materials An issue related to the use of hemp bundle insulation for building structures is to ensure their fire resistance under the action of a low-calorie ignition source. Therefore, the object of research was the change in the properties of the insulation during fire protection with its compositions capable of forming a layer of pinocoke under the influence of high temperature. On the basis of experimental data, it was established that at fire protection of insulation with a fire retardant agent, hydrolytic stable ethers containing phosphorus and nitrogen atoms are formed on the surface of the fibers. According to the temperature values and the shape of peaks on the DTA curve, it was established that at fire protection, the height of the peaks decreases and the width increases, which characterize the flow of exothermic transformations and the destruction of hemp fibers. At the same time, it was established that the formed residue has 13.3 % for impregnation and 26.6 % for coating. It has been proven that in the process of thermal action on the fire-resistant coating, the heat insulation process of the insulation consists in the formation of soot-like products on the surface of the material. So, it was determined that the sample did not catch fire, it was charred in the place of the radiation panel, and the burning was not recorded. On the other hand, for a sample of insulation treated with a coating during thermal action, the formation of a heat-insulating layer of foam coke occurred, which inhibits the penetration of heat, the temperature of flue gases did not exceed 100 °C, and the flammability index was 0. The practical significance is that the results were taken into account when designing buildings and structures. So, there are reasons to assert the possibility of targeted regulation of fire protection processes of insulation by applying coatings that form a protective layer on the surface of the material Hazardous waste ; Raw material ; Environmental science ; Waste management ; Materials science ; Forensic engineering ; Engineering ; Chemistry Material Properties and Applications
Authors: Puthenveetil Ali Shahidha | R.S. Arvind Bharani | Govindaraj Kamalam Dinesh | M. Maheswari | T. Kalaiselvi | E. Kokiladevi
Source: Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Influence of synthetic chelators and LMWOAs on the yield and quality attributes of Panicum maximum Jacq. (Poales: Poaceae) in chromium phytoextraction Phytoextraction is a cost-effective technology for contaminated site remediation. The study was carried out to investigate the potential of Panicum maximum (Jacq.) to remediate Cr-contaminated soil in tannery industries. Using chromium chelators and hyperaccumulating plants (Guinea grass), efforts have been made to decontaminate the chromium-contaminated tannery sites. To evaluate, the pot experiment was conducted, and Guinea grass’s yield and quality parameters were analyzed. The changes in root length, shoot length, and number of tillers were studied for three months, and the maximum values were 12.6 cm, 163.6 cm, and 12.6 cm, respectively, in the treatment with citric acid. The fodder quality parameters such as crude protein (9.2%), crude fibre (27.24%), and green leaf yield (370.3 g/plant) were magnificent in the treatment with citric acid as the chelator. Indeed, maximum hexavalent chromium (2.94 ± 0.06) and total chromium (17.98 ± 0.05) were observed in the citric acid treatment. Among all the treatments analyzed, the low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs), especially citric acid at 5 mmol/kg, were the best ones that could be recommended for improving the chelating process in the phytoremediation of chromium by Guinea grass. However, among the synthetic chelators, EDTA has resulted in higher chromium chelation and yield attributes such as root length (10.7 cm), shoot length (153.6 cm), number of tillers (10.3), and quality parameters like Guinea grass such as crude protein (8.1%), crude fibre (28.03%), and green leaf yield (342.6 g/plant). The study indicates that the chelators are enhancing Guinea grass growth and incorporating that may assist in the phytoremediation process. Panicum ; Biology ; Poaceae ; Phytoremediation ; Yield (engineering) ; Botany ; Chromium ; Agronomy ; Ecology ; Materials science ; Soil water Heavy Metals in Plants
Authors: Mirosław Kwiatkowski | Guojie Zhang
Source: Materials (article, 2024-12-21)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Numerical Analysis of the Influence of Air Flow Rate on the Development of the Porous Structure of Activated Carbons Prepared from Macadamia Nut Shells This paper presents the numerical analysis of the influence of air flow rate on the porous structure development of activated carbons prepared from macadamia nut shells. The analyses based on nitrogen and carbon dioxide isotherms were carried out by the new numerical clustering-based adsorption analysis method. Therefore, it was possible to evaluate the porous structure with high precision and reliability. In particular, the results obtained showed that activated carbon prepared at an air flow rate of 700 cm<sup>3</sup>/min has the highest adsorption capacity with respect to this adsorbate, but with surface heterogeneity. On the other hand, numerical analysis based on carbon dioxide adsorption isotherms showed that the activated carbon with the highest adsorption capacity towards carbon dioxide is the sample obtained at an air flow rate of 500 cm<sup>3</sup>/min. The analyses conducted have shown that too high an air flow rate causes a violent oxidation reaction, leading to uncontrolled burning of the carbonaceous substance and destruction of the structure of the smallest micropores. Adsorption ; Activated carbon ; Carbon dioxide ; Materials science ; Airflow ; Volumetric flow rate ; Porosity ; Macadamia nut ; Composite material ; Chemical engineering ; Microporous material ; Carbon fibers ; Nut ; Chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Thermodynamics ; Structural engineering ; Composite number Polymer Foaming and Composites ; Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics