jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Riccardo Alberini | Michele Terzano | Gerhard A. Holzapfel | Andrea Spagnoli
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-11-11)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

A Discrete Fiber Dispersion Model with Octahedral Symmetry Quadrature for Applications in Skin Mechanics Advanced simulations of the mechanical behavior of soft tissues frequently rely on structure-based constitutive models, including smeared descriptions of collagen fibers. Among them, the so-called Discrete Fiber Dispersion (DFD) model is based on a discrete integration of the fiber-strain energy over all the fiber directions. In this paper, we recall the theoretical framework of the DFD model, including a derivation of the stress and stiffness tensors required for the finite element implementation. Specifically, their expressions for incompressible plane stress problems are obtained. The use of a Lebedev quadrature, built exploiting the octahedral symmetry, is then proposed, illustrating the particular choice adopted for the orientation of the integration points. Next, the convergence of this quadrature scheme is assessed by means of three numerical benchmark tests, highlighting the advantages with respect to other angular integration methods available in the literature. Finally, we propose as applicative example a simulation of Z-plasty, a technique commonly used in reconstructive skin surgery, considering multiple geometrical configurations and orientations of the fibers. Results are provided in terms of key mechanical quantities relevant for the surgical practice. Quadrature (astronomy) ; Dispersion (optics) ; Symmetry (geometry) ; Materials science ; Physics ; Mechanics ; Mathematics ; Geometry ; Optics Textile materials and evaluations ; Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors
Authors: Poonam Agrawal | Pooja Devi | Elvia Jamatia
Source: Journal of Education Technology in Health Sciences (article, 2024-02-07)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Impromptu yet effective conduct of Jigsaw to teach a topic in biochemistry for first MBBS students Jigsaw technique as a teaching modalities is an important and fascinating mode of teaching students a particular topic in an effective and interesting manner. Though the effectiveness of Jigsaw implementation is documented by many researchers, not only for medical science subjects but also for various topics in chemistry, engineering and nursing courses, it’s application and feasibility is often being questioned. Many researchers find the implementation of Jigsaw a daunting task, which requires a lot of time, planning and number of resource person. This article emphasises upon feasibility of Jigsaw implementation and its effectiveness in spite of all odds like limitation of resource faculty, time, space etc. In this study Jigsaw planning was done impromptu for revision of the topic “Enzyme” for students of biochemistry in first MBBS. 49 out of total 62 students of batch A reported for tutorial session. They were divided into 6 experts groups[EG1-EG6]. Each EG was given one sub topic out of above. They were instructed to discuss it among their peers in EG. Later one student from each EG was mobilised to create home group[HG]. Total 8 HG were thus created and the students were asked to discuss their subtopic in HG in sequential manner; which means first of all student from EG-1 discusses the sub topic to rest of the members of his/her own HG, next the student from EG 2 explains the sub topic to rest of the members of his/her own HG. This fashion all the sub topics were sequentially discussed in all the HG parallelly and the whole topic of enzyme was discussed in each HG in peer assisted learning fashion. Students were later asked to write reflection on this activity. Same activity was repeated for batch B students. During analysis of reflection it was found that this exercise was appreciated by majority of students, and they perceived this activity as an interesting and effective modality of teaching learning. They even wanted repetition of Jigsaw activity in future for various other topics. It is concluded that in-spite of limitation of time and limited faculty backup, Jigsaw can be effectively implemented for benefit of students in a short notice. Jigsaw ; Impromptu ; Session (web analytics) ; Mathematics education ; Computer science ; Odds ; Resource (disambiguation) ; Medical education ; Psychology ; World Wide Web ; Medicine Various Chemistry Research Topics ; Science Education and Pedagogy ; Problem and Project Based Learning
Authors: A. Bingül | Z. Uysal
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-03-18)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

A Statistical Method for Improving Momentum Measurement of Photon Conversions Reconstructed from Single Electrons The reconstruction of photon conversions is importantin order to improve the reconstruction efficiency of the physics measurements involving photons. However, there are significant number of conversions in which only one of the two tracks emitted electrons is reconstructed in the detector due to very asymmetric energy sharing between the electron-positron pair. The momentum determination of the parent photon can be improved by estimating the missing energy in such conversions. In this study, we propose a simple statistical method that can be used to determine the mean value of the missing energy. By using simulated minimum bias events at LHC conditions and a toy detector simulation, the performance of the method is tested for several decay channels commonly used in particle physics analyses. A considerable improvement in the mass reconstruction precision is obtained when reconstructing particles decaying to photons whose energies are less than 20 GeV. Momentum (technical analysis) ; Photon ; Electron ; Physics ; Nuclear physics ; Computational physics ; Atomic physics ; Statistical physics ; Quantum electrodynamics ; Optics ; Economics Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques ; Atomic and Molecular Physics ; Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications
Authors: Rеsеаrchеr оf Nаmаngаn Stаtе Univеrsity, Uzbekistan | Jоrаyеv Fоzilbеk Аbdulkhаmid оgli
Source: International Journal of Pedagogics (article, 2024-12-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

THЕ RЕLЕVАNCЕ ОF DЕVЕLОPING LОGICАL THINKING IN PЕDАGОGY STUDЕNTS Lоgicаl thinking is а criticаl skill fоr pеdаgоgy studеnts, shаping thеir аbility tо аnаlyzе, еvаluаtе, аnd аpply knоwlеdgе еffеctivеly in еducаtiоnаl cоntеxts. This аrticlе еxаminеs thе rеlеvаncе оf dеvеlоping lоgicаl thinking in futurе еducаtоrs, еmphаsizing its rоlе in fоstеring dеcisiоn-mаking, prоblеm-sоlving, аnd instructiоnаl dеsign cоmpеtеnciеs. Drаwing оn thе thеоriеs оf schоlаrs likе Dеwеy, Piаgеt, аnd Pаul, thе аrticlе еxplоrеs hоw lоgicаl rеаsоning suppоrts pеdаgоgicаl prаcticеs, such аs curriculum dеvеlоpmеnt аnd clаssrооm mаnаgеmеnt. It аlsо highlights strаtеgiеs tо cultivаtе lоgicаl thinking thrоugh prоblеm-bаsеd lеаrning, cоllаbоrаtivе еxеrcisеs, аnd tеchnоlоgy intеgrаtiоn. Аddrеssing chаllеngеs likе rеsоurcе limitаtiоns аnd trаditiоnаl еducаtiоnаl pаrаdigms, thе аrticlе аdvоcаtеs fоr priоritizing lоgicаl rеаsоning in tеаchеr еducаtiоn prоgrаms tо prеpаrе futurе еducаtоrs fоr thе cоmplеxitiеs оf mоdеrn clаssrооms. Philosophy ; Physics ; Molecular biology ; Theology ; Biology Metallurgy and Material Science
Authors: David A. Coucheron | Maarten Beerepoot
Source: Nordic Journal of STEM Education (article, 2024-02-16)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Pollbasert undervisning: studentaktiv læring med store studentgrupper To viktige prinsipper for å øke studentenes læring i undervisning er aktiv deltagelse og formativ vurdering. Innføring av disse prinsippene i undervisning med store studentgrupper kan imidlertid by på utfordringer, særlig i nettbasert undervisning. En mulig løsning kan være bruk av flervalgsoppgaver som diagnostisk testing med innsamling av svarene og påfølgende formativ vurdering – en undervisningsform som vi her kaller for pollbasert undervisning. I dette bidraget er vi opptatt av følgende to spørsmål: Hvordan påvirker denne undervisningsformen studentenes oppmerksomhet, motivasjon og læringsutbytte? Hva er fordeler og ulemper med gruppediskusjon som en del av opplegget? Vi har introdusert pollbasert undervisning med gruppediskusjon i et fysikkemne og uten gruppediskusjon i et kjemiemne. I en felles skriftlig studentevaluering i nettbaserte implementasjoner i de to emnene rapporter studentene høyt opplevd læringsutbytte, økt motivasjon til forberedelse og deltagelse, samt at flervalgsoppgavene hjelper å holde oppmerksomhet oppe. Gruppediskusjon ser ut til å føre til godt læringsutbytte. Økt tidsbruk med gruppediskusjon fører imidlertid til at antall oppgaver som behandles halveres. Pollbasert undervisning er en fleksibel undervisningsform fordi det kan implementeres i ulike fag, både fysisk og på nett, både med og uten gruppediskusjon og uten skaleringsproblemer med større studentgrupper, som kan være fordelt over ulike campuser. Dermed kan undervisningsformen overføres til mange andre begynneremner i STEM-fagene. Philosophy ; Humanities Various Chemistry Research Topics ; Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods ; Educational Strategies and Epistemologies
Authors: Uelinton Manoel Pinto
Source: LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Remote teaching and research practices in the food science field during the Covid-19 pandemic Field (mathematics) ; Pandemic ; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ; 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Various Chemistry Research Topics ; Culinary Culture and Tourism ; Digital Education and Society
Authors: Altana Ubushieva | В.С. Убушиева | N.V. Chimidova | R.D. Sangadzhiev
Source:  (article, 2024-12-11)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

ASSESSMENT OF KALMYK BREED BULLS BY PROGRESS QUALITY Breed ; Quality (philosophy) ; Animal science ; Computer science ; Biology ; Philosophy ; Epistemology Material Properties and Applications ; Agriculture and Biological Studies ; Advanced Scientific Research Methods
Authors: Benjamin M. Boyd | Gautham Narayan | Kaisey S. Mandel | Matthew Grayling | Abhijit Saha | T. S. Axelrod | T. Matheson | Edward W. Olszewski | A. Calamida | A. Do | R. C. Bohlin | J. B. Holberg | I. Hubený | Deustua, Susana | A. Rest | C. W. Stubbs | Aidan Berres | Mai Li | John MacKenty | Elena Sabbi
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-12-11)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

DAmodel: Hierarchical Bayesian Modelling of DA White Dwarfs for Spectrophotometric Calibration We use hierarchical Bayesian modelling to calibrate a network of 32 all-sky faint DA white dwarf (DA WD) spectrophotometric standards ($16.5 &lt; V &lt; 19.5$) alongside three CALSPEC standards, from 912 Å to 32 $μ$m. The framework is the first of its kind to jointly infer photometric zeropoints and WD parameters (surface gravity $\log g$, effective temperature $T_{\text{eff}}$, extinction $A_V$, dust relation parameter $R_V$) by simultaneously modelling both photometric and spectroscopic data. We model panchromatic Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 (HST/WFC3) UVIS and IR photometry, HST/STIS UV spectroscopy and ground-based optical spectroscopy to sub-percent precision. Photometric residuals for the sample are the lowest yet yielding $&lt;0.004$ mag RMS on average from the UV to the NIR, achieved by jointly inferring time-dependent changes in system sensitivity and WFC3/IR count-rate nonlinearity. Our GPU-accelerated implementation enables efficient sampling via Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, critical for exploring the high-dimensional posterior space. The hierarchical nature of the model enables population analysis of intrinsic WD and dust parameters. Inferred spectral energy distributions from this model will be essential for calibrating the James Webb Space Telescope as well as next-generation surveys, including Vera Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time and the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. Calibration ; White dwarf ; Bayesian probability ; White (mutation) ; Environmental science ; Remote sensing ; Geography ; Astrophysics ; Computer science ; Physics ; Mathematics ; Statistics ; Artificial intelligence ; Chemistry ; Stars Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Authors: G.V. Petrova | Александра Филиппова | Olga Nikolaevna Artamonova
Source:  (article, 2024-12-11)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

ASSESSMENT OF PHYTOTOXICITY OF CHERNOZEMS WHEN IRRIGATED WITH WASTEWATER FROM ANIMAL SLAUGHTER INDUSTRIES Phytotoxicity ; Wastewater ; Agronomy ; Environmental science ; Biology ; Environmental engineering Heavy Metals in Plants ; Heavy metals in environment
Authors: Lu Yu | Xinkai Zhou | Erjia Cui | David J. Rogers | Ciprian M. Crainiceanu | Julia Wrobel | Andrew Leroux
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2024-11-15)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Generalized Conditional Functional Principal Component Analysis We propose generalized conditional functional principal components analysis (GC-FPCA) for the joint modeling of the fixed and random effects of non-Gaussian functional outcomes. The method scales up to very large functional data sets by estimating the principal components of the covariance matrix on the linear predictor scale conditional on the fixed effects. This is achieved by combining three modeling innovations: (1) fit local generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) conditional on covariates in windows along the functional domain; (2) conduct a functional principal component analysis (FPCA) on the person-specific functional effects obtained by assembling the estimated random effects from the local GLMMs; and (3) fit a joint functional mixed effects model conditional on covariates and the estimated principal components from the previous step. GC-FPCA was motivated by modeling the minute-level active/inactive profiles over the day ($1{,}440$ 0/1 measurements per person) for $8{,}700$ study participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014. We show that state-of-the-art approaches cannot handle data of this size and complexity, while GC-FPCA can. Principal component analysis ; Functional principal component analysis ; Component (thermodynamics) ; Computer science ; Mathematics ; Artificial intelligence ; Physics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
Authors: Lucas Busta | Drew A. Hall | Braidon Johnson | Madelyn Schaut | Caroline M. Hanson | Anika Gupta | Megan Gondrum | Yuer Wang | Hiroshi Maéda
Source: bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (preprint, 2024-02-19)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Phylochemical mapping of natural products onto the plant tree of life using text mining and large language models. Plants produce a staggering array of chemicals that are the basis for organismal function and diversity and also provide essential human nutrients and medicine. However, it is poorly defined how these compounds have evolved and are distributed across the diverse lineages of the plant kingdom, hindering a systematic view and understanding of plant chemical diversity. Recent advances in plant genome/transcriptome sequencing have provided a well-defined molecular phylogeny of plants, on which the presence of diverse natural products can be mapped to systematically determine their phylogenetic distribution. Here, we built a proof-of-concept workflow via which previously reported diverse tyrosine-derived plant natural products were mapped on to the plant tree of life. Plant chemical-species associations were mined from literature, filtered, evaluated through manual inspection of over 2,500 scientific articles, and mapped onto the plant phylogeny. The resulting 'phylochemical' map confirmed several highly lineage-specific compound class distributions, such as betalain pigments and Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. The map also highlighted several lineages enriched in dopamine-derived compounds, including the orders Caryophyllales, Liliales, and Fabales. Additionally, the application of large language models using our manually curated data as a ground truth set showed that post-mining manual processing steps can largely be automated with a low false positive rate. Our study demonstrates that a workflow combining text mining with language model-based processing can generate broader phylochemical maps, which will serve as a critical community resource to uncover key evolutionary events that underlie plant chemical diversity and enable system-level views of nature's millions of years of chemical experimentation. Workflow ; Phylogenetic tree ; Biology ; Phylogenetics ; Computer science ; Tree (set theory) ; Computational biology ; Evolutionary biology ; Database ; Genetics Chemical synthesis and alkaloids ; Botanical Research and Applications
Authors: Sofiia Ivakh | Martin Koall | Jiřı́ Barek | Frank‐Michael Matysik
Source: SSRN Electronic Journal (preprint, 2024-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Electrochemistry

Comparative Electrochemical Study of Oxidative Nicarbazin Determination in Non-Aqueous Media: Differential Pulse Voltammetry vs. Capillary Electrophoresis with Amperometric Detection Capillary electrophoresis ; Amperometry ; Differential pulse voltammetry ; Chemistry ; Pulse (music) ; Chromatography ; Aqueous medium ; Electrochemistry ; Aqueous solution ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Cyclic voltammetry ; Electrode ; Optics ; Physics ; Detector ; Organic chemistry Electrochemical Analysis and Applications ; Analytical Chemistry and Sensors ; Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
Authors: Liliang Zhu | Yi Wang | Wenzhen Shi | Jiaqi Cao
Source: Environment Resource and Ecology Journal (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

Economic Recycling Methods for Oil Containing Metal Scraps in Automotive Engine Factories This study aims to explore the economic recycling methods of oily metal shavings in automobile engine factories. By comparing physical, chemical, biological, and comprehensive treatment technologies, the performance of various methods in treatment efficiency, resource recovery rate, and energy consumption was evaluated. The results showed that the highest treatment efficiency of the comprehensive treatment technology could reach 89%; resource recovery rate could reach 41%; resource consumption could reach only 0.68 kilograms of standard coal. The research methods include designing a multi-stage processing flow, optimizing process parameters, and verifying the actual effects of various technologies through experiments. The conclusion indicated that comprehensive treatment technology achieved the highest resource recovery rate while minimizing energy consumption, demonstrating the best economic and environmental benefits. This study provided an efficient and environmentally friendly solution for the reuse of oily metal shavings in automotive engine factories, which is of great significance for promoting the resource utilization of industrial waste. Automotive industry ; Automotive engine ; Automotive engineering ; Waste management ; Business ; Environmental science ; Engineering Material Properties and Applications ; Industrial Engineering and Technologies ; Surface Treatment and Coatings
Authors: Cueva Gordillo, Giancarlo
Source: Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Películas con alto poder antimicrobiano: Fundamentos, principales componentes extraídos de subproductos agroindustriales, y aplicaciones In recent years, the packaging industry has begun to become aware of the environmental impact of the materials used in its products. The growing interest of consumers in greener options has led the industry to focus on research and development of alternatives that are not only more sustainable, but also maintain and improve product characteristics, guaranteeing longer shelf life and food safety. This article explores how some biological waste from the agricultural and agro-industrial chain, combined with antimicrobial agents, can be used to create biodegradable, active and intelligent packaging. These packages not only improve the quality of food, but also offer barrier properties that help preserve its safety until it reaches the final consumer. Product (mathematics) ; Quality (philosophy) ; Agriculture ; Focus (optics) ; Food safety ; Food industry Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging ; Consumer Packaging Perceptions and Trends ; Hibiscus Plant Research Studies
Authors: Giancarlo Cueva-Gordillo
Source: Agroindustrial science (article, 2024-11-19)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Films with high antimicrobial power: Fundamentals, Main components extracted from agro-industrial by-products, and applications In recent years, the packaging industry has begun to become aware of the environmental impact of the materials used in its products. The growing interest of consumers in greener options has led the industry to focus on research and development of alternatives that are not only more sustainable, but also maintain and improve product characteristics, guaranteeing longer shelf life and food safety. This article explores how some biological waste from the agricultural and agro-industrial chain, combined with antimicrobial agents, can be used to create biodegradable, active and intelligent packaging. These packages not only improve the quality of food, but also offer barrier properties that help preserve its safety until it reaches the final consumer. Antimicrobial ; Process engineering ; Biochemical engineering ; Engineering ; Chemistry ; Organic chemistry Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging
Authors: Raad Mohammed Abed | Thaer Abdulwahhab Shihab | Abdulwahab M. Al-Mushehdany | Hussain Jasim Hussain Jasim M. Alalkawi
Source: Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mechanics (article, 2024-08-30)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

Numerical Analysis of the Aluminium Alloy Structure of the Brackets based on Conceptualization Processes In this study, three conceptual designs of bracket constructions made of aluminum alloy underwent numerical investigation. To analyze the von Mises stresses present throughout the entire structure, the Ansys program was employed in conjunction with the static structure tool. The selection criteria are determined by two primary elements. The first element is the performance of the design, represented by normal stresses and deformation resulting from the applied load. The second criterion is volume, dependent on the volume itself, represented by a certain density of metals. To select an appropriate design for the aluminum brackets, the procedure was carried out utilizing the Analytic Network Process (ANP) technique. Through the conceptualizing approach, it has been demonstrated that the second design is superior to the alternative. Conceptualization ; Aluminium ; Alloy ; Aluminium alloy ; Metallurgy ; Materials science ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence Material Properties and Applications ; Mechanical and Thermal Properties Analysis ; Engineering Applied Research