jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Yongrae Kim | Hansol Lee | Taeho Ha | Jongryoul Kim | Joon Phil Choi
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2025-07-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Effects of laser beam profiles on the microstructure and magnetic properties of L-PBF soft magnetic alloys The growing demand for environmentally sustainable technologies has intensified research into high-frequency motors and transformers, where Fe-Si soft magnetic alloys play a crucial role due to their exceptional magnetic properties. However traditional manufacturing methods limit geometric freedom and degrade alloy performance capabilities, hindering the development of advanced applications. To overcome these issues, laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) offers a promising route by enabling complex shapes, yet mitigating eddy current losses remains challenging at elevated frequencies. As a preliminary study, this work investigates the effect of adjusting laser beam profiles (Gaussian versus ring) on the eddy current losses and magnetic properties of Fe-Si alloys produced by L-PBF. A microstructural analysis demonstrates that the ring beam produces a broader, shallower melt pool, fostering coarser grains and a pronounced < 100 > crystallographic texture along the build direction. These microstructural features significantly reduce the coercivity and core loss of the material, strongly highlighting their effectiveness in addressing the aforementioned challenges related to the eddy current. Additionally, the ring beam increased the build rate by approximately 108%, clearly illustrating enhanced productivity without compromising quality. This study confirms that modifying the laser beam profile effectively controls eddy current losses, enhancing the magnetic performance of Fe-Si soft magnetic alloys fabricated via additive manufacturing. Microstructure ; Materials science ; Laser ; Laser beams ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Metallurgy ; Optics ; Physics Magnetic Properties of Alloys ; Metallic Glasses and Amorphous Alloys ; Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes
Authors: Karthik Mangu | Ruhan Gudeli | Md. Rizwanullah
Source: Bioimpacts (article, 2025-10-14)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Recent advancement in polymeric nanoparticles for oral chemotherapy: Transforming cancer treatment Oral chemotherapy offers an attractive alternative to conventional intravenous administration by providing high patient compliance and improved treatment adherence. However, several challenges, like poor drug solubility, enzymatic degradation, and extensive first-pass metabolism, have significantly limited the oral bioavailability of chemotherapeutic agents. Recently, polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) have become an alternative strategy to overcome these challenges and revolutionize the oral chemotherapeutic approach. PNPs offer unique advantages, including drug protection from harsh gastrointestinal conditions, controlled release profiles, and enhanced mucosal adhesion, which collectively improve drug absorption and therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, surface-modified PNPs can bypass efflux transporters such as P-glycoprotein and promote receptor-mediated endocytosis to achieve targeted delivery and minimize systemic toxicity. While these advancements highlight the transformative potential of PNPs in oral chemotherapy, potential clinical challenges such as scalability, reproducibility, and regulatory hurdles must be addressed to enable successful clinical translation. The present review comprehensively explores the role of PNPs in enhancing the oral delivery of cancer therapeutics, emphasizing strategies to improve drug stability, prolong gastrointestinal retention, and facilitate efficient cellular uptake. The advancements discussed herein underscore the transformative potential of PNPs as a pivotal approach for improving oral chemotherapy outcomes and expanding therapeutic possibilities in cancer management. Drug delivery ; Drug ; Cancer ; Cancer treatment ; Chemotherapy ; Chemotherapeutic drugs ; Cancer therapy ; Review article Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Curcumin's Biomedical Applications
Authors: Jie Liang | Yurui Qu | Huizhen Zhang | Yu-Han Yang | Yang Wang | Yuchen Zhang | Zhenda Lu | Shining Zhu | Lin Zhou
Source: Advanced Photonics Nexus (article, 2025-01-06)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Angle-robust plasmonic color printing of deep subwavelength nanopixelated sodium metasurfaces Plasmonic colors are attracting attention for their subwavelength small size, vibrant hues, and environmental sustainability beyond traditional pigments while suffering from angular and/or polarization dependency due to distinct excitations of lattice resonances and/or surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Here, we demonstrate the sodium metasurface-based plasmonic color palettes with polarization-independent wide-view angle (approximately >±60 deg in experiment and up to ±90 deg in theory) and single-particle-level pixel size (down to ∼60 nm) that integrate both pigment-like and structure coloring advantages, fabricated by the templated nanorod-pixelated solidification of wetted liquid metals. Such intriguing performances are mainly attributed to the particle plasmon dominant spectral response by steering the filling profile and thus the interplay between localized surface plasmons and SPPs. Combining low material cost, potentially scalable manufacturing process, and pronounced optical performance, the proposed sodium-based metasurfaces will provide a promising route for advanced color information technology. Plasmon ; Materials science ; Surface plasmon polariton ; Optoelectronics ; Nanorod ; Metamaterial ; Optics ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Surface plasmon ; Structural coloration ; Nanotechnology ; Physics ; Chemistry ; Photonic crystal Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research ; Photonic Crystals and Applications
Authors: Michael Rhode | Denis Czeskleba | Hannah Schönmaier | Jonathan Nietzke | Thomas Kannengießer
Source: Welding in the World (article, 2025-05-08)
Field: Materials Science — Metals and Alloys

Combined heating rate and restraint condition effect on stress relief cracking during PWHT of thick-walled Cr–Mo-V steel SAW joints Abstract Creep-resistant steels such as 13CrMoV9-10 are utilized in the manufacture of thick-walled pressure vessels and are typically joined by submerged arc welding (SAW). However, these materials are susceptible to stress relief cracking (SRC) if the required post weld heat treatment (PWHT) is not applied correctly. Existing PWHT guidelines, encompassing heating rate and dwell (or holding) time at a given temperature, are derived from a synthesis of empirical knowledge and typically free-shrinkage weld experiments to assess the susceptibility to SRC. Therefore, this study discusses the combined effect of the PWHT heating rate under free-shrinkage compared to restrained shrinkage. Welding experiments were conducted (using plates with a thickness of 25 mm) for both shrinkage conditions for a variety of heating rates and maximum temperatures. In-situ acoustic emission analysis was used to locate propagating SRCs during PWHT. Hardness measurements, mechanical property characterization (Charpy impact strength), and microstructure correlation were used to evaluate the SRC susceptibility. The results suggested that the influence of heating rate could not be directly related to SRC formation and that the initial weld microstructure prior to PWHT was more relevant in terms of very high hardness in the coarse grain heat affected zone, especially that of the last beads in the top layer of the welding sequence. This was seen in the form of random, unexpected SRC occurrence in only one specimen at a heating rate commonly used in welding practice (approximately 100 K/h). In this context, the additional effect of an external shrinkage restraint on SRC must be considered in the form of increasing mechanical loads during welding, which are typically not within the scope of welding practice. To mitigate the probability of SRC during PWHT, it is imperative to reduce the welding heat input and to restrict the structural shrinkage restraint of the weld joint. Materials science ; Solid mechanics ; Cracking ; Composite material ; Stress relief ; Stress (linguistics) ; Metallurgy ; Forensic engineering ; Engineering Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals ; Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis ; High Temperature Alloys and Creep
Authors: Mauro Dossena | Benoît Van Troeye | Fabian Ducry | Jiang Cao | Aryan Afzalian | Geoffrey Pourtois | Mathieu Luisier
Source: npj 2D Materials and Applications (article, 2025-08-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Mobility calculation in disordered WS2-Al2O3 stacks from first principles Abstract Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are promising candidates for future nano-transistor channels due to their outstanding intrinsic transport properties. However, their electron mobility is highly sensitive to the surrounding dielectric, often falling well below theoretical expectations. In this work, we explore how a stacked Al 2 O 3 dielectric affects electron mobility in monolayer WS 2 using first-principles quantum transport simulations. We identify that fluctuations in the electrostatic potential, arising from the disordered structure of Al 2 O 3 , significantly degrade mobility, especially when WS 2 interfaces with under-coordinated aluminum atoms. Our calculated mobilities (≃1–30 cm 2 /(V ⋅ s)) align with experimental observations and remain far from the ideal limit (≃300 cm 2 /(V ⋅ s)). We further demonstrate that encapsulating WS 2 with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) or employing a crystalline oxide can recover high mobility values. However, these strategies introduce trade-offs in electrostatic control and fabrication complexity, underlining the need for careful dielectric engineering in TMDC-based devices. Materials science ; Computer science ; Statistical physics ; Physics 2D Materials and Applications ; Graphene research and applications ; Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices
Authors: Xuanchi Zhou | Xiaohui Yao | Wentian Lu | Jinjian Guo | Jiahui Ji | Lili Lang | Guowei Zhou | Chengli Yao | Xiaomei Qiao | Huihui Ji | Zhe Yuan | Xiaohong Xu
Source: Advanced Science (article, 2025-10-13)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Manipulating the Hydrogen‐Associated Insulator‐Metal Transition Through Artificial Microstructure Engineering Hydrogen-associated filling-controlled Mottronics within electron-correlated system provides a groundbreaking paradigm to explore exotic physical functionality and phenomena. Dynamically controlling hydrogen-related phase transitions through external fields offers a promising route for designing protonic devices in multidisciplinary fields but faces high-speed bottlenecks owing to slow bulk diffusion of hydrogens. Here, a promising pathway is presented to kinetically expedite the electronic state evolution in VO<sub>2</sub> system by taking advantage of artificial microstructure design. Typically, inclined domain boundary configuration and c<sub>R</sub>-faceted preferential orientation, simultaneously realized in VO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (1 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics><mml:mover><mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:annotation>$\bar 1$</mml:annotation></mml:semantics> </mml:math> 02) heterostructure, significantly lower the diffusion barrier through creating an unobstructed conduit for hydrogen diffusion. As a result, the achievable switching speed through hydrogenation outperforms that of counterpart grown on widely-utilized c-plane Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> substrate by 2-3 times, with resistive switching concurrently improved by an order of magnitude. Of particular interest, an anomalous uphill hydrogen diffusion observed for VO<sub>2</sub> with a diffusion highway fundamentally deviates from basic Fick's law, unveiling a deterministic role of hydrogen spatial distribution in tailoring electronic state evolution. The present work not only provides a powerful tuning knob for manipulating ionic evolution, endowing with great potential in designing advanced protonic devices, but also deepens the understanding of hydrogen-associated insulator-metal transition in electron-correlated systems. Diffusion ; Phase transition ; Work (physics) ; Microstructure ; Substrate (aquarium) ; Domain (mathematical analysis) ; Hydrogen ; Electronics Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials ; Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors ; ZnO doping and properties
Authors: Hamid Ahmadi | Hossein Nazockdast | Zahed Ahmadi | Patrick D. Anderson | Ruth Cardinaels
Source: Composites Part B Engineering (article, 2025-08-26)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Tuning the carbon nanotube conductive network in PLA-based immiscible blends via stereocomplex crystallization Crystallization-induced segregation of nanoparticles and selective nanoparticle localization in immiscible polymer blends with cocontinuous morphology are effective strategies to control the distribution of conductive fillers to increase electrical conductivity with minimal filler content. In this research, stereocomplex crystallization and double percolation of nanoparticles are combined in 50/50 (PLLA/PDLA)/PVDF blends filled with 0.1 – 1.6 wt% carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) to achieve high electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding performance. During melt crystallization, spherulite-shaped homocrystals form in the 50/50 PLLA/PDLA phase leading to a primary segregated structure with the MWNT nanoparticles localized in the PLA phase. The generated homocrystals are then reformed into stereocomplex crystals upon annealing at elevated temperatures. Thus, a refined segregation of the MWNTs is achieved forming a conductive pathway via enhanced volume exclusion. The SC crystals formed through melting and recrystallization of homocrystals at a high temperature, where there is enough chain mobility, can effectively compact the segregated network which enhances the electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding performance. As a consequence, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of this sample is double that of samples re-crystallized at a lower crystallization temperature. The different mechanisms at play are analyzed using a range of techniques including differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and microscopy observations. This research demonstrates that stereocomplex crystallization via homo-recrystallization in PLA-based blends can be used as a novel approach to fabricate high-performance conductive and EM shielding composites by exploiting phase morphology and crystallization. • Stereocomplex crystallization and nanoparticle double percolation boost conductivity in ScPLA/PVDF/MWNT nanocomposites. • Crystal-induced volume exclusion is achieved through stereocomplex crystal formation via homo-recrystallization. • Enhanced volume exclusion and morphology coarsening improve EM shielding performance at low MWNTs content. Materials science ; Crystallization ; Carbon nanotube ; Electrical conductor ; Composite material ; Nanotube ; Chemical engineering Conducting polymers and applications ; Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication ; biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
Authors: Yu-Chieh Li | Bo-Han Lin | Kristiaan Neyts | Jeroen Beeckman | Chun‐Ta Wang
Source: Optics & Laser Technology (article, 2025-05-30)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Multiband reflectors based on stacked Single-Pitch cholesteric liquid crystal films Materials science ; Cholesteric liquid crystal ; Liquid crystal ; Optoelectronics ; Optics ; Composite material ; Physics Liquid Crystal Research Advancements ; Photonic Crystals and Applications ; Photonic and Optical Devices
Authors: Ihsan ud Din | Xiyu Tan | Xiaoying Zhang | Yihang Chen | Qihua Liang | Arif Ali Khattak | Muhammad Afzal | Zhiyuan Tan
Source: Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture (article, 2025-09-29)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Citrus-extract synthesized Zn/Ag nanoparticles for sustainable management of rice bacterial leaf blight and soil health Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causative agent of bacterial leaf blight (BLB) in rice, poses significant threats to global crop productivity. To develop eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides, this study synthesized zinc (Zn) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) using Citrus maxima and Citrus sinensis extracts. NPs were characterized via UV–vis spectroscopy (peaks at 349 nm and 441 nm), FT-IR (identifying capping agents), and electron microscopy (spherical NPs, 8–56 nm). Antimicrobial assays revealed potent activity against Xoo, with Ag Nps exhibiting larger inhibition zones (31.32 mm) than ZnO NPs (19.31 mm). In vivo trials demonstrated infection reductions of 63.39% (Ag Nps) and 52.76% (Zn NPs), comparable to conventional pesticides. NPs enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities, thereby reducing ROS accumulation. Soil analysis indicated treatment-specific heavy metal dynamics: Zn NPs elevated Zn and Al levels. Microbial communities shifted under NP exposure; Flavisolibacter, Sphingomonas, and Candidatus Koribacter abundances varied significantly, distinguishing NP treatments from pesticides. Metabolomic profiling highlighted Ag Nps -induced upregulation of fatty acid and monoterpenoid biosynthesis pathways, suggesting targeted metabolic responses. While both NPs effectively suppressed BLB, Ag Nps showed superior antimicrobial performance, whereas Zn NPs influenced soil nutrient profiles. These findings underscore the potential of green-synthesized NPs as sustainable alternatives for BLB management, balancing disease control with minimal adverse effects on plant physiology and soil ecosystems. Further research is warranted to optimize NP dosages and assess long-term impacts on soil health. Antimicrobial ; Zinc ; Silver nanoparticle ; Blight ; Soil microbiology ; Bacteria ; Plant physiology ; Xanthomonas oryzae ; Soil health Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging ; Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement
Authors: LingNan Wei | Qingxin Li | Majeed Ur Rehman | Yangchen He | Dongdong An | Shiwei Li | Kenji Watanabe | Takashi Taniguchi | Martin Claassen | Kostya S. Novoselov | Dante M. Kennes | Ángel Rubio | Daniel Rhodes | Lede Xian | Geliang Yu | Lei Wang
Source: Nature Communications (article, 2025-01-30)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Valley charge-transfer insulator in twisted double bilayer WSe2 In flat-band systems, emergent physics can be substantially modified by the presence of another nearby electronic band. For example, a Mott˘Hubbard insulator can turn into a charge transfer insulator if other electronic states enter between the upper and lower Hubbard bands. Here, we introduce twisted double bilayer (TDB) WSe<sub>2</sub>, with twist angles near 60°, as a controllable platform in which the K-valley band can be tuned to close vicinity of the Γ-valley moiré flat band. At half-filling, correlations split the Γ-valley flat band into upper and lower Hubbard bands and a charge-transfer insulator forms between the Γ-valley upper Hubbard band and K-valley band. Using gate control, we continuously move the K-valley band across the Γ-valley Hubbard bands, and observe a tunable charge-transfer insulator gap and subsequently a continuous phase transition to a metal. The tuning of Mott˘Hubbard to charge-transfer insulator establishes valley degree of freedom as a suitable knob for transitions between exotic correlated phases. Charge (physics) ; Insulator (electricity) ; Bilayer ; Materials science ; Physics ; Condensed matter physics ; Chemical physics ; Chemistry ; Optoelectronics ; Membrane ; Quantum mechanics 2D Materials and Applications ; Organic and Molecular Conductors Research ; Perovskite Materials and Applications
Authors: Lalit Kandpal | Beata Taudul | E. Monteblanco | Akash Kumar | Kostantine Katcko | Filip Schleicher | P. Gupta | S. Boukari | W. Weber | V. Da Costa | J. D. Costa | Tim Böhnert | Ricardo Ferreira | P. P. Freitas | M. Hehn | M. Alouani | P. K. Muduli | D. Lacour | Martin Bowen
Source: npj Spintronics (article, 2025-01-07)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Oxygen vacancy-driven spin-transfer torque across MgO magnetic tunnel junctions Abstract Flowing an electrical current that is both of high areal density and large spin polarization across a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) can, through spin-transfer torque (STT), alter the relative magnetic orientation of the MTJ’s ferromagnetic electrodes. This effect has enabled key next-generation MTJ applications and commercialized products, from memories to artificial synapses and energy harvesters. As MTJs are now downscaled to 2 nm, basic experimental data challenge the accepted understanding of their operation. From transport spectroscopy, ferromagnetic resonance experiments and ab-initio calculations it is revealed that the high conductivity of STT-ready MTJs, and the STT effect therein, is mediated by oxygen vacancy complexes within the MgO barrier. Our work positions the oxygen vacancy at the core of MgO spintronics. This should disrupt the status-quo on STT-MRAM R&amp;D, by generating defect-specific research and new ideas to confer additional functionality to these next-generation electronic devices, as a nanoelectronics platform to industrialize quantum physics. Spintronics ; Spin-transfer torque ; Tunnel magnetoresistance ; Materials science ; Ferromagnetism ; Condensed matter physics ; Magnetoresistive random-access memory ; Optoelectronics ; Magnetic field ; Physics ; Random access memory ; Computer science ; Magnetization Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides ; Magnetic properties of thin films ; Advanced Memory and Neural Computing
Authors: Eric K. Chang | Gong Wang | Yunfei Li | Yu Yu | Yulei Wang | Zhiwei Lü
Source: Frontiers in Physics (article, 2025-10-28)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Study on research progress of quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy for trace gas detection Real-time detection of trace gas concentrations has a wide range of applications in industrial processes and monitoring and various complex environments. Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (QEPAS) features high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of single or multiple gases. It is immune to environmental noise and also boasts advantages such as miniaturization capability, ease of integration, and low cost. However, this technology also faces challenges such as limited laser source performance and the need to optimize quartz tuning fork (QTF) structural parameters. This paper reviews the current research progress in QEPAS, elaborating on its fundamental principle as well as the contributions from both laser source improvements (e.g., power, tuning range, and size) and QTF optimization (e.g., frequency, structure, and coating) to enhanced sensitivity. In addition, this paper systematically evaluates current research on auxiliary enhancement strategies, including relaxant selection, optical path and waveguide optimization, and dual-spectrum fusion. Finally, it summarizes existing technologies and proposes future prospects based on current technical bottlenecks. Miniaturization ; Photoacoustic spectroscopy ; Trace gas ; Sensitivity (control systems) ; Current (fluid) ; Laser ; TRACE (psycholinguistics) Spectroscopy and Laser Applications ; Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging ; Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques