jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Ahmed H. Dorrah
Source: Nanophotonics (article, 2025-04-23)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Compound meta‐optics: there is plenty of room at the top Metasurfaces have been widely exploited in imaging and sensing, holography, light-matter interaction, and optical communications in free space and on chip, thanks to their CMOS compatibility, versatility and compact form. However, as this technology matured from novelty to performance, stringent requirements on diffraction efficiency, scalability, and complex light control have also emerged. For instance, the limited thickness of single-layer meta-optics poses fundamental constraints on dispersion engineering and lossless transmission over large-scale devices, whereas in-plane symmetry limits the polarization transformations that can be realized. Cascaded and multi-layer flat optics can alleviate these constraints, offering new possibilities for realizing high-efficiency devices, full polarization control, and achromatic response. In this perspective, recent advances in multi-layer metasurfaces including inherent challenges and opportunities will be discussed. Compound meta-optics hold the promise for enabling complex optical systems with enhanced performance and unprecedented functionality for a diverse set of applications in sensing, imaging, high-capacity communications, and beyond. Nanomaterials ; Nanotechnology ; Optics ; Materials science ; Optoelectronics ; Physics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Photonic and Optical Devices ; Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics
Authors: Leon A. Smook | Andreas Dahlin | Karin Schroën | Sissi de Beer
Source: Advanced Materials (review, 2025-07-31)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Responsive Polyelectrolyte Brushes in Applications: Functions, Stimuli, and Design Considerations Polyelectrolyte brushes are stimulus-responsive coatings that change surface properties such as friction, adhesion, and interaction with biomolecules. Brush coatings are becoming increasingly available with improving synthesis and fabrication methods, but their use in real-world applications is trailing behind. With their stimulus-controlled properties, brushes can fulfill a variety of functions when they are applied in a broad spectrum of use cases ranging from tunable lubrication to ionic current rectification. In this review, summarizes the functional roles polyelectrolyte brushes can play in applications by affecting the mechanical, molecular, and electrical properties of surfaces; the main stimuli that are used to exploit the responsiveness of these coatings are discussed; and design considerations to choose an initial brush when designing systems for new applications are provided. This review concludes with a short outlook on the outstanding challenges and opportunities for applying stimulus-responsive polyelectrolyte brushes. Polyelectrolyte ; Materials science ; Nanotechnology ; Brush ; Biomolecule ; Polymer ; Composite material Polymer Surface Interaction Studies ; Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications ; Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers
Authors: Dongjoon Rhee | Kwan‐Ho Kim | Jeffrey Zheng | Seunguk Song | Lian‐Mao Peng | Roy H. Olsson | Joohoon Kang | Deep Jariwala
Source: Nature Communications (article, 2025-08-17)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Reconfigurable single-walled carbon nanotube ferroelectric field-effect transistors Reconfigurable devices have garnered significant attention for alleviating the scaling requirements of conventional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology by reducing the number of components needed to construct functional circuits. Prior work required continuous voltage application to programming gate terminal(s) alongside the primary gate, undermining the advantages of reconfigurable devices in achieving compact and power-efficient integrated circuits. Here, we realize scalable reconfigurable devices based on single-gate field-effect transistors that integrate highly aligned single-walled carbon nanotube channels with a ferroelectric aluminum scandium nitride gate dielectric. The devices exhibit ambipolar characteristics with high, well-balanced on-state currents (~270 μA μm<sup>-1</sup> at a drain voltage of 3 V) and on/off ratios exceeding 10<sup>5</sup>, along with large memory windows and excellent retention behavior. Ferroelectric polarization switching also enables reconfiguration between p- and n-channel transistors, allowing ternary content-addressable memory to be realized with far fewer devices than circuits based on conventional silicon technology or alternative memory devices. Carbon nanotube ; Ferroelectricity ; Materials science ; Nanotechnology ; Field-effect transistor ; Transistor ; Carbon nanotube field-effect transistor ; Nanotube ; Optoelectronics ; Electrical engineering ; Engineering ; Dielectric Conducting polymers and applications ; Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies ; Carbon Nanotubes in Composites
Authors: Michelle Faustina Maria | T. Thangam | Marcin R. Strąkowski | Harold Au | Durgadevi Parthasarathy | G. M.
Source: Nano Biomedicine and Engineering (article, 2025-07-23)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Evaluating Nanoparticle-Induced Cytotoxicity: Mechanisms and Methods Nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit unique physicochemical properties that render them valuable for applications in several fields, such as drug delivery and diagnostics. However, these properties can lead to adverse biological reactions, including cell toxicity. The mechanisms of NP-induced cytotoxicity involve complex pathways, including the generation of oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS), protein corona formation, and interactions with cell-uptake processes such as endocytosis and phagocytosis. This review discusses the <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> assays that help assess NP toxicity, covering cell viability, ROS generation, genotoxicity, and apoptosis. It highlights the importance of selecting appropriate methods to accurately evaluate the risks posed by NPs. The implications of these findings underscore the need for carefully formulating NP design to mitigate cytotoxic effects, ensuring safe and effective medical and industrial applications. Cytotoxicity ; Nanoparticle ; Nanotechnology ; Computer science ; Chemistry ; Materials science ; Biochemistry Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications ; Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery ; Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications
Authors: Alexander S. Mukasyan | А. С. Рогачев
Source: International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology (article, 2025-08-12)
Field: Materials Science — Ceramics and Composites

Combustion synthesis of ultra‐high temperature ceramics: Review Abstract Novel and future‐oriented aerospace, energy, transportation, and other industrial technologies require materials capable of operating at temperatures above 2000°C. Ultra‐high temperature ceramic materials (UHTCs), based on carbides, borides, carbonitrides, and nitrides of transition metals—many with melting points exceeding 3000°C—possess the necessary properties for such applications. However, traditional powder metallurgy methods for producing these materials are complex, energy‐intensive, and typically require ultra‐high temperature equipment. The combustion synthesis (CS) method, also known as self‐propagating high‐temperature synthesis (SHS), offers a rapid and efficient alternative. It leverages the exothermic heat generated during chemical reactions to produce UHTCs without external heating sources. This review discusses the achievements of CS in synthesizing a wide range of UHTCs—from simple compounds to complex, multicomponent “high‐entropy” ceramics—including materials with record‐breaking melting points based on carbonitrides, binary carbides, and diborides. There are two primary approaches to producing dense UHTCs: (1) CS of ultra‐refractory powders followed by compaction using hot pressing or spark plasma sintering, and (2) simultaneous synthesis and compaction via reactive spark plasma sintering. Overall, the CS method opens exciting prospects for developing advanced materials that meet the demanding requirements of modern industry. Materials science ; Combustion ; Ceramic ; Engineering physics ; Nuclear engineering ; Metallurgy ; Physical chemistry ; Engineering Advanced ceramic materials synthesis ; Advanced materials and composites ; MXene and MAX Phase Materials
Authors: Sun‐Mou Lai | Jie Jin | Zheng‐Hong Luo
Source: Reaction Chemistry & Engineering (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

State-of-the-art heterogeneous polymerization kinetic modelling processes and their applications Heterogeneous polymerization kinetic model has been widely utilized in different research domains. Polymerization ; Kinetic energy ; Polymer science ; Materials science ; Chemical engineering ; Polymer ; Physics ; Composite material ; Classical mechanics ; Engineering Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization ; Thermal and Kinetic Analysis ; Polymer crystallization and properties
Authors: Yong‐Heng Lu | Jinzhuo Zhang | Guoquan Li | Zaihong Wang | Jing Wu | Chong Wei
Source: Materials (review, 2025-04-30)
Field: Materials Science — Ceramics and Composites

A Review of Joining Technologies for SiC Matrix Composites SiC matrix composites are widely used in high-temperature structural components of aircraft engines and nuclear reactor materials because of their excellent properties such as their high modulus, high strength, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature resistance. However, the bonding of SiCf/SiC composites poses significant challenges in practical engineering applications, primarily due to residual stresses, anisotropy in composite properties, and the demanding conditions required for high-performance joints. This work reviews various bonding technologies for SiC ceramics and SiC matrix composites. These include solid-state diffusion bonding, NITE phase bonding, direct bonding without filling materials, MAX phase bonding, glass ceramic bonding, polymer precursor bonding, metal brazing bonding, and Si-C reaction bonding. Key results, such as the highest bending strength of 439 MPa achieved with Si-C reaction bonding, are compared alongside the microstructural characteristics of different joints. Additionally, critical factors for successful bonding, such as physical mismatch and metallurgical incompatibility, are discussed in detail. Future research directions are proposed, emphasizing the optimization of bonding techniques and evaluation of joint performance in harsh environments. This review provides valuable insights into advancing bonding technologies for SiC composites in aerospace and nuclear applications. Materials science ; Composite material ; Diffusion bonding ; Ceramic ; Direct bonding ; Brazing ; Composite number ; Ceramic matrix composite ; Bending ; Structural material ; Alloy ; Metallurgy ; Silicon Advanced ceramic materials synthesis ; MXene and MAX Phase Materials ; Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties
Authors: Ankit Roy | Weilin Jiang | Giridhar Nandipati | Andrew M. Casella | David J. Senor | Ayoub Soulami | Ram Devanathan
Source: npj Materials Degradation (article, 2025-02-27)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Molecular dynamics study of grain boundaries as defect sinks under irradiation in LiAlO2 and LiAl5O8 Abstract Lithium aluminate ceramics, LiAlO 2 and LiAl 5 O 8 , show promise in nuclear environments due to their excellent radiation tolerance. Molecular dynamics simulations investigate grain boundaries (GB) and their role in defect evolution. Results reveal that GBs act as efficient defect sinks, with Li and Al atoms exhibiting distinct behaviors during displacement cascades. Tritium migration in LiAlO 2 is also studied, showing rapid diffusion and stable configurations with oxygen, corroborated by ab initio simulations from the literature. The calculated tritium diffusion coefficient of 1.33 × 10 − ¹⁴ m²/s aligns with the literature, validating the model. LiAl 5 O 8 demonstrates superior defect healing compared to LiAlO 2 , attributed to enhanced atomic transfer between grains and GBs. These findings reveal key insights into defect dynamics, providing essential insights for their application in tritium-producing burnable absorber rods (TPBARs). Irradiation ; Dynamics (music) ; Grain boundary ; Materials science ; Molecular dynamics ; Chemical physics ; Chemistry ; Metallurgy ; Physics ; Nuclear physics ; Microstructure ; Computational chemistry Nuclear materials and radiation effects ; Fusion materials and technologies ; Nuclear Materials and Properties
Authors: Mohamed Riad Sebti | Zohra Dakhia | Sonia Carabetta | Rosa Di Sanzo | Mariateresa Russo | Massimo Merenda
Source: Sensors (article, 2025-01-28)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Real-Time Classification of Ochratoxin a Contamination in Grapes Using AI-Enhanced IoT Ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination presents significant risks in viticulture, affecting the safety and quality of wine and grape-derived products. This study introduces a groundbreaking method for early detection and management of OTA, leveraging environmental data such as temperature and humidity. A function derived from chemical analysis was developed to estimate OTA concentrations and used to label a synthetic dataset, establishing safe thresholds. Two AI models were trained: one for the detecting of OTA presence and the other for classifying the concentration range. These models were deployed on a M5Stick C+, a microcontroller designed for real-time data processing. The inference process is optimized for rapid response, requiring minimal time to deliver results. Additionally, the low power consumption of the M5Stick C+ ensures that the device can operate throughout the harvest period on a single charge. The system is able to transmit inference data via MQTT for real-time analysis. This comprehensive approach offers a scalable, cost-effective, on-site solution that is autonomous, eliminating the need for domain experts and extensive resources. The robustness of the system was demonstrated through its consistent performance across multiple test sets, providing an effective enhancement to food safety in grape and wine production. The study also details the system architecture, describes the function used for data labeling, outlines the training and deployment processes of the models, and finally, assesses the testing of the overall system. Ochratoxin A ; Computer science ; Robustness (evolution) ; Inference ; Scalability ; Data mining ; Wine ; Real-time computing ; Reliability engineering ; Engineering ; Database ; Artificial intelligence Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies ; Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
Authors: Yuling Wang | Chen Zhang | Xin‐Hua Li | Longzhu Xing | M. Lv | Hong-Ju He | Leiqing Pan | Xingqi Ou
Source: Foods (article, 2025-05-19)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Machine-Learning-Algorithm-Assisted Portable Miniaturized NIR Spectrometer for Rapid Evaluation of Wheat Flour Processing Applicability In this investigation, we established an intelligent computational framework comprising a novel starfish-optimization-algorithm-optimized support vector regression (SOA-SVR) model and a multi-algorithm joint strategy to evaluate the processing applicability of wheat flour in terms of sedimentation value (SV) and falling number (FN) using near-infrared (NIR) data (900-1700 nm) obtained using a miniaturized NIR spectrometer. By employing an improved whale optimization algorithm (iWOA) coupled with a successive projections algorithm (SPA), we selected the 20 most informative wavelengths (MIWs) from the full range spectra, allowing the iWOA/SPA-SOA-SVR model to predict SV with correlation coefficient and root-mean-square errors in prediction (R<sub>P</sub> and RMSE<sub>P</sub>) of 0.9605 and 0.2681 mL. Additionally, RFE, in combination with the iWOA, identified 30 MIWs and enabled the RFE/iWOA-SOA-SVR model to predict the FN with an R<sub>P</sub> and RMSE<sub>P</sub> of 0.9224 and 0.3615 s. The robustness and reliability of the two SOA-SVR models were further validated using 50 independent samples per index, a statistical two-sample F-test, and a <i>t</i>-test. In conclusion, the combination of a portable miniaturized NIR spectrometer and an SOA-driven SVR algorithm demonstrated technical feasibility in quantifying the SV and FN of wheat flour, thus providing a novel strategy for the on-site assessment of wheat flour processing applicability. Algorithm ; Support vector machine ; Spectrometer ; Mean squared error ; Computer science ; Robustness (evolution) ; Artificial intelligence ; Mathematics ; Statistics ; Chemistry ; Optics ; Physics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research ; Identification and Quantification in Food
Authors: Jifeng Wang | Jeng‐Shiung Jan | Jin Hu
Source: Pharmaceutics (review, 2025-09-01)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Heparin-Based Growth Factor Delivery Platforms: A Review Heparin-based delivery platforms have gained increasing attention in regenerative medicine due to their exceptional affinity for growth factors and versatility in structural and functional design. This review first introduces the molecular biosynthesis and physicochemical diversity of heparin, which underpin its binding selectivity and degradability. It then categorizes the delivery platforms into microspheres, nanofibers, and hydrogels, with detailed discussions on their fabrication techniques, biofunctional integration of heparin, and release kinetics. Special focus is given to stimuli-responsive systems-including pH-, enzyme-, redox-, thermal-, and ultrasound-sensitive designs-which allow spatiotemporal control over growth factor release. The platform applications are organized by tissue types, encompassing soft tissue regeneration, bone and cartilage repair, neuroregeneration, cardiovascular regeneration, wound healing, anti-fibrotic therapies, and cancer microenvironment modulation. Each section provides recent case studies demonstrating how heparin enhances the bioactivity, localization, and therapeutic efficacy of pro-regenerative or anti-pathologic growth factors. Collectively, these insights highlight heparin's dual role as both a carrier and modulator, positioning it as a pivotal component in next-generation, precision-targeted delivery systems. Heparin ; Medicine ; Intensive care medicine ; Internal medicine Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications ; Bone Tissue Engineering Materials ; Nerve injury and regeneration
Authors: Tianyi Wang | Jiancheng Hou | Wang Yao | Xinhao Feng | Xinyou Liu
Source: Polymers (review, 2025-05-28)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Urushiol-Based Antimicrobial Coatings: Molecular Mechanisms, Structural Innovations, and Multifunctional Applications Urushiol, the principal bioactive component of natural lacquer, has emerged as a promising candidate for developing eco-friendly antimicrobial coatings due to its unique catechol structure and long alkyl chains. This review systematically elucidates the molecular mechanisms underpinning urushiol's broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, including membrane disruption via hydrophobic interactions, oxidative stress induction through redox-active phenolic groups, and enzyme inhibition via hydrogen bonding. Recent advances in urushiol-based composite systems-such as metal coordination networks, organic-inorganic hybrids, and stimuli-responsive platforms-are critically analyzed, highlighting their enhanced antibacterial performance, environmental durability, and self-healing capabilities. Case studies demonstrate that urushiol derivatives achieve >99% inhibition against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, outperforming conventional agents like silver ions and quaternary ammonium salts. Despite progress, challenges persist in balancing antimicrobial efficacy, mechanical stability, and biosafety for real-world applications. Future research directions emphasize precision molecular engineering, synergistic multi-target strategies, and lifecycle toxicity assessments to advance urushiol coatings in medical devices, marine antifouling, and antiviral surfaces. This work provides a comprehensive framework for harnessing natural phenolic compounds in next-generation sustainable antimicrobial materials. Antimicrobial ; Materials science ; Nanotechnology ; Biochemical engineering ; Chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Engineering Antimicrobial agents and applications ; Polymer Surface Interaction Studies ; biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
Authors: Subhrajeet Banerjee | Saptarshi Mandal | Sneha Singh | Abhik Sen | Prolay Das
Source: Nanoscale (article, 2025-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Machine learning-guided fabrication of carbon dot–pepsin nano-conjugates for enhanced bioimaging, synergistic drug delivery, and visible light-induced photosensitization Carbon dots (CDs) are emerging as next-generation bioimaging agents due to their strong fluorescence, photobleaching resistance, and biocompatibility. However, their small size often limits efficient cell internalization, leading to unspecified cellular targets and high endosomal escape. Herein, we showcase the potential of pepsin, a simple proteolytic enzyme, to address the limitations of CDs through its covalent conjugation and subsequent creation of CD-pepsin nanoparticles (NPs). Interestingly, repeated failures in achieving CD-pepsin NPs prompted us to explore machine learning (ML), which, in a novel approach, successfully predicted the most favourable conditions for their formation. These nanoparticles unlocked two critical functionalities beyond enhanced imaging: visible light-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and sustained drug delivery, highlighting their potential for chemo-photodynamic combination therapy. The photophysical properties of the green-emissive CDs, synthesized from 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, were significantly enhanced through covalent conjugation with pepsin. This enhancement was evident in the efficient confocal imaging of human macrophage cells (THP1 cells) using both the CD-pepsin covalent conjugate and CD-pepsin NPs. Beyond enhancing the imaging potential of CDs by stabilizing their surface states through covalent conjugation with pepsin, this modification also significantly increased ROS generation, surpassing conventional photosensitizers like protoporphyrin (PpIX). Irradiation of the cells with a simple 23 W white LED induced increased oxidative stress, leading to reduced cell viability. Simultaneously, the CD-pepsin NPs functioned as a drug delivery vehicle, enabling the sustained release of the model drug, doxorubicin, over 4-5 days. These combined functionalities-bioimaging, photosensitization, and drug delivery-highlight CD-pepsin NPs as a versatile and effective multipurpose platform, overcoming key limitations of pristine CDs for advanced theranostics. Drug delivery ; Photodynamic therapy ; Nanotechnology ; Materials science ; Nanoparticle ; Conjugate ; Visible spectrum ; Pepsin ; Drug ; Fabrication ; Chemistry ; Optoelectronics ; Pharmacology ; Medicine ; Biochemistry ; Enzyme Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications ; Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques ; Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications