jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Marta Padovani | Maria Guglielmina Pelizzo | Luca Schenato | Marco Santagiustina
Source: Journal of Physics Photonics (article, 2025-09-03)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Blazed pillar metasurfaces for high-performance near-infrared optics Abstract Metasurfaces are excellent platforms for implementing flat optical components, offering unmatched versatility and seamless integration potential. However, the simultaneous achievement of high efficiency and stability across the angular and spectral domains continues to pose a substantial challenge. In this work, we show that blazing the pillar facets of simple phase-gradient metasurfaces improves the diffraction efficiency at the -1st diffraction order by values up to 8%, as demonstrated for three different pillar materials on top of silica substrates. Furthermore, this design offers improved performance over an incidence angle range of 30 ∘ and a wavelength band of about 80 nm in the near-infrared region, enabling its deployment for applications such as optical wireless communications leveraging wavelength division multiplexing systems, as well as optical fiber links that aim to integrate passive devices. These findings underscore the effectiveness of blazed facet engineering in enhancing the efficiency of phase-gradient metasurfaces while preserving the original design. Moreover, the inherent angular and spectral stability of the proposed metasurfaces demonstrate strong potential for next-generation optical communication technologies. Pillar ; Infrared ; Optics ; Materials science ; Physics ; Engineering ; Mechanical engineering Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies ; Optical Wireless Communication Technologies
Authors: Rakefet Ofek Almog | D. Ben Shlomo | Sagi Sevilia | Sass Elisha | I. Salame | B. Parizer | Konrad Szajna | Dominik Wrana | F. Krok | Eyal Fattal | V. Babin | Ziv Klausner | Ronen Berkovich
Source: Journal of Aerosol Science (article, 2025-01-18)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

Optimized reconstruction of adhesion force distribution from resuspension measurements using the Rock’n’Roll model Resuspension, a widely studied phenomenon for decades due to its environmental, industrial, and health impacts, is gaining renewed interest, especially for inhalable particles (smaller than 10 μm) posing health risks. Models describing particle resuspension from surfaces evaluate the fraction of resuspended particles by using their adhesion distribution as input. However, measuring adhesion in the microscale can be a challenging and expensive task, as it requires special skills and instrumentation, such as Atomic Force Microscopy. In this study, we suggest an inverse-by-optimization approach to estimate the adhesion distributions from a measured resuspension curve as an optimization process. Our algorithm utilizes the widely used Rock'n’Roll (RnR) resuspension model to calculate numerical resuspension curves from adhesion distributions. The calculated resuspension curves are compared to a measured resuspension curve based on their degree of agreement, as indicated by the Root Mean Squared Error ( RMSE ) statistic. The optimization process aims to find a theoretical curve that provides a minimal RMSE value. The parameters that yield the best fit determine the optimal adhesion distribution that represents the particles' interaction with the surface. We evaluated our algorithm using the dataset from Reeks and Hall (2001), which enabled us to accurately assess the adhesion distribution they had employed. Then the algorithm was used to estimate the adhesion distribution from resuspension measurements that we conducted for this study. These were performed in a specially designed wind duct where 8 μm diameter glass colloids of were resuspended from a glass surface. The application of this algorithm to our measured resuspension curves resulted in an adhesion distribution with a median adhesion force value of ∼1400 nN. This value lies within the range of reported measurements of adhesion between glass colloidal spheres and glass surface. • We introduce an inverse-optimization method to obtain adhesion from resuspension data. • Our algorithm utilizes the Rock'n’Roll (RnR) model. • The optimization process finds a theoretical curve with a minimal RMSE value. • The algorithm is validated and implemented on wind-duct resuspension data. • Resuspension of 8 μm glass colloids resulted with adhesion force ∼1400 nN. Adhesion ; Distribution (mathematics) ; Materials science ; Geology ; Mineralogy ; Mechanics ; Composite material ; Mathematics ; Physics ; Mathematical analysis Engineering and Material Science Research ; Adhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions ; High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior
Authors: Nadiia Bukhonka
Source: Tekstilec (article, 2025-12-12)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Influence of Tuck Stitch Variations on the Stretch Properties of Wool/PAN Single Weft-Knitted Fabrics This study examines the stretch properties of nine variants of single-tuck weft-knitted fabrics made from 31 tex ×2 wool/PAN yarn and compares them with a plain fabric. The research emphasizes how variations in the arrangement and percentage of tuck loops within the stitch repeat affect the fabrics' stretch characteristics. Results show that the presence and percentage of tuck loops at the width repeat significantly influence stretch properties. The plain fabric displayed apparent anisotropy, with widthwise deformation roughly four times greater than lengthwise deformation. This behaviour was largely dominated by the elastic component, indicating strong immediate recovery and dimensional stability. In contrast, tuck stitch variants showed more balanced deformation between directions, reflecting the moderating influence of tuck loops on fabric anisotropy. Increasing the percentage of tuck loops improved lengthwise extensibility while decreasing widthwise recovery, thereby altering elastic and residual deformation behaviour. The analysis of deformation components revealed that tuck loops decrease the elastic deformation ratio and increase delayed and residual deformation, suggesting greater stress relaxation and a higher permanent set. These results highlight the sensitive interplay between the presence and combination of knit and tuck loops and their effects on loop configuration and fabric mechanics. The results thus confirm that the controlled use of tuck stitches provides a practical approach to optimizing fabric performance in terms of stretch, recovery and stability, thereby offering valuable insights for designing functional and high-performance knitted textiles. Deformation (meteorology) ; Extensibility ; Relaxation (psychology) ; Stress relaxation ; Loop (graph theory) ; Residual Textile materials and evaluations ; Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials ; Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers
Authors: J. Weng | Hsi-Hsun Tsai | Jiawei Liu
Source: Polymers (article, 2025-10-22)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Molten Pressure of Polyvinyl Chloride Under Processing Parameters in Counter-Rotating Twin-Screw Extrusion Thermal properties significantly affect extrusion energy efficiency and polymer processing. Relevant parameters include melt temperature, viscosity, and specific heat impact energy consumption, while thermal degradation limits processing temperatures within the screw and barrel. Traditional empirical methods used in polymer extrusion are often hindered by the complex relationship between screw speed and energy efficiency. Numerical simulations, particularly those using ANSYS Polyflow, offer a more precise approach for visualizing temperature, pressure, and shear rate distributions in the molten polymer, enabling better control of extrusion conditions. The screw's geometric configuration, which includes sections for conveying, compressing, kneading, and mixing, plays a key role in determining flow behavior and performance. Studies on polymers using various screw configurations have revealed that screw designs with lower compression ratios enhance throughput and reduce melt temperature. Additionally, barrier screw designs improve the polymer melting efficiency. In this study, ANSYS Polyflow simulations were applied to analyze the flow behavior of molten PVC in a counter-rotating twin-screw extruder, focusing on the effects of screw speed and inlet flow rate on pressure, temperature, and velocity distributions. The results indicated optimal extrusion conditions for preventing degradation, with an ideal outlet rate of 439 kg/h at a screw rotational speed of 43 rpm. The pumping pressure of molten PVC by a twin-screw approach would be enough for entering the extrusion die. Extrusion ; Polymer ; Melt flow index ; Thermal ; Volumetric flow rate ; Plastics extrusion ; Flow (mathematics) ; Shear rate ; Rotational speed Polymer crystallization and properties ; Polymer Science and PVC ; Material Properties and Processing
Authors: Lee, Seokju | Lee, Seung Hun | Yang, Bohm-Jung
Source: ArXiv.org (article, 2025-11-04)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Embedding independent length scale of flat bands In flat-band systems with quenched kinetic energy, most of the conventional length scales related to the band dispersion become ineffectual. Although a few geometric length scales, such as the quantum metric length, can still be defined, because of their embedding dependence, i.e., the dependence on the choice of orbital positions used to construct the tight-binding model, they cannot serve as a universal length scale of the flat-band systems. Here, we introduce an embedding independent length scale $ξ_\text{flat}$ of a flat band that is defined as the localization length of an in-gap state proximate to the flat band. Because $ξ_\text{flat}$ is derived from the intrinsic localization of compact localized states, it is solely determined by the Hamiltonian and provides a robust foundation for embedding independent observables. We show analytically that the superconducting coherence length in a flat-band superconductor is given by $ξ_\text{flat}$ in the weak-coupling limit, thereby identifying $ξ_\text{flat}$ as the relevant length scale for many-body phenomena. Numerical simulations on various lattice models confirm all theoretical predictions, including the correspondence between $ξ_\text{flat}$ and the superconducting coherence length. Our results highlight $ξ_\text{flat}$ as a universal length scale for flat bands and open a pathway to embedding independent characterization of interacting flat-band materials. Embedding ; Length scale ; Coherence length ; Scaling ; Lattice (music) ; Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy) ; Metric (unit) Iron-based superconductors research ; Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides ; Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism
Authors: Nico F. Declercq
Source: SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository (preprint, 2025-06-17)
Field: Chemistry — Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

A Geometric Theory of Atomic Structure Without Quantum Postulates Trembling Spacetime Relativity Theory (TSRT) provides a deterministic and fully geometric foundation for atomic structure, replacing the probabilistic framework of quantum mechanics with causally governed geodesic motion in a dynamically fluctuating spacetime. Previous work established TSRT as a unifying theory of all four fundamental forces, deriving interference without wave-particle duality, Planck’s radiation law without quantization postulates, and entanglement from geometric correlations. In this work, TSRT advances from theoretical coherence to high-precision empirical predictions, confronting experimental spectroscopic data across hydrogen, Deuterium, and Muonic Hydrogen. With only a single calibration line, the full spectrum of bound-state energy levels is derived from first principles without free parameters. TSRT reproduces excited states and fine-structure splittings to within a few millielectronvolts of experiment. The energy difference between the two fine-structure components of the second principal level is recovered with sub-percent accuracy, without invoking spin, operator algebra, or field-theoretic corrections. In Muonic Hydrogen, where curvature effects are amplified, refinements incorporating proton size, nuclear mass, and realistic density profiles yield agreement with experiment at the per-thousand level. These corrections arise naturally from the variational geometric structure of TSRT, requiring no renormalization or perturbative methods. Photon emission is described as a deterministic transition between complete geodesic ensembles, and the energy of the emitted photon is subsequently redshifted as it escapes the curved trembling geometry surrounding the atom. Further redshift may occur if the atom resides in a larger gravitational field, such as in a stellar environment. Atomic shell structure emerges as the equilibrium configuration of curvature-induced confinement, and an effective atomic coupling constant is derived from gravitational scaling, linking electromagnetism and gravity through geometry. Gravitational contributions, often neglected in atomic physics, are shown to be essential for spectral precision within TSRT. Even in weak fields, spacetime curvature determines energy levels with high accuracy, while in strong gravity environments, TSRT predicts additional geometric shifts beyond the standard redshift. These results demonstrate that trembling spacetime is not merely an alternative conceptual framework, but a viable and predictive physical foundation for atomic structure, unifying quantum and gravitational phenomena within a single geometric continuum. Geodesic ; Gauge theory ; General relativity ; Quantization (signal processing) ; Quantum entanglement ; Gravitation ; Curvature ; Fine-structure constant ; Photon History and advancements in chemistry ; Various Chemistry Research Topics ; Biomedical and Chemical Research
Authors: Yunkun Zhao | Xiaoliang Zhang
Source: ArXiv.org (article, 2025-12-31)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

A Dual-Tuned Concentric Multimodal RF Coil for 7T 1H/31P MRSI: Concurrently Enhancing B1 Efficiency Over Single-Tuned References This study presents the design, simulation, and experimental validation of a dual-tuned concentric multimodal surface coil for 7T 1H/31P magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI), developed to significantly enhance 31P B1 efficiency while improving 1H performance. The coil architecture utilizes two interleaved sets of three concentric loop resonators. Intra-nucleus electromagnetic coupling within each three-loop set generates a spectrum of eigenmodes; the operational modes for 1H and 31P were specifically selected because their co-directed current distributions reinforce the magnetic field at the center, yielding B1 patterns that resemble those of conventional single-loop surface coils but with superior efficiency. Full-wave electromagnetic simulations and bench measurements on a fabricated prototype were conducted to characterize the multimodal resonance behavior, scattering parameters, B1 distribution, and 10-g local SAR, using size-matched conventional single-tuned loops as references. The results confirmed that the design reproducibly generated the predicted eigenmode ordering with sufficient spectral separation to prevent interference from parasitic or undesired modes. Notably, the multimodal design achieved an 83% boost in 31P B1 efficiency and a 21% boost in 1H B1 efficiency at the coil center compared to same-sized single-tuned references. Sufficient inter-nuclear decoupling was achieved to prevent signal leakage between channels, and simulations with a human head model confirmed that the peak 10-g local SAR remained comparable to conventional designs. These findings demonstrate that this multimodal concentric design offers a robust and highly efficient solution for multinuclear MRSI at ultrahigh fields, effectively mitigating the sensitivity limitations of X-nuclei without compromising proton-based imaging capabilities. Electromagnetic coil ; Concentric ; Decoupling (probability) ; Electromagnetic interference ; EMI ; Robustness (evolution) ; Scattering ; Sensitivity (control systems) Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications ; Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications ; NMR spectroscopy and applications
Authors: Jiansen Zhang | Zipeng Wang | Shina Tan
Source: arXiv (Cornell University) (preprint, 2025-01-09)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Three-body scattering hypervolume of two-component fermions in three dimensions We study the zero-energy collision of three fermions, two of which are in the spin-down ($\downarrow$) state and one of which is in the spin-up ($\uparrow$) state. Assuming that the two-body and the three-body interactions have a finite range, we find a parameter, $D$, called the three-body scattering hypervolume. We study the three-body wave function asymptotically when three fermions are far apart or one spin-$\uparrow$ (spin-$\downarrow$) fermion and one pair, formed by the other two fermions, are far apart, and derive three asymptotic expansions of the wave function. The three-body scattering hypervolume $D$ appears in the coefficients of such expansions at the order of $B^{-5}$, where $B=\sqrt{(s_1^2+s_2^2+s_3^2)/2}$ is the hyperradius of the triangle formed by the three fermions (we assume that the three fermions have the same mass), and $s_1,s_2,s_3$ are the sides of the triangle. We compute the $T$-matrix element for three such fermions colliding at low energy in terms of $D$ in the absence of two-body interactions. When the interactions are weak, we calculate $D$ approximately using the Born expansion. We also analyze the energy shift of three two-component fermions in a large periodic cube due to $D$ and generalize this result to the many-fermion system. $D$ also determines the three-body recombination rates in two-component Fermi gases, and we calculate the three-body recombination rates in terms of $D$ and the density and temperature of the gas. Component (thermodynamics) ; Fermion ; Scattering ; Physics ; Combinatorics ; Mathematics ; Particle physics ; Optics ; Quantum mechanics Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications ; Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research ; Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
Authors: Jordi Vallverdú
Source: Algorithms (article, 2025-12-21)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

RAMA: A Meta-Algorithmic Framework for Ramanujan-Style Heuristic Discovery Using Large Language Models This work introduces RAMA (Recursive Aesthetic Modular Approximation), a metaheuristic framework that models a restricted form of mathematical intuition inspired by the notebooks of Srinivasa Ramanujan. While Ramanujan often produced deep results without formal proofs, the heuristic processes guiding such discoveries remain poorly understood. RAMA treats large language models (LLMs) as proposal mechanisms within an iterative search that generates, evaluates, and refines candidate conjectures under an explicit energy functional balancing fit, description length, and aesthetic structure. A small set of Ramanujan-inspired heuristics—modular symmetries, integrality cues, aesthetic compression, and near-invariance detection—is formalized as micro-operators acting on symbolic states. We instantiate RAMA in two domains: (i) inverse engineering eta-quotients from partial q-series data and (ii) designing cyclotomic fingerprints with shadow gadgets for quantum circuits. In both settings, RAMA recovers compact structures from limited information and improves separation from classical baselines, illustrating how intuitive heuristic patterns can be rendered as explicit, reproducible computational procedures. Heuristic ; Intuition ; Modular design ; Inverse ; Ramanujan's sum ; Set (abstract data type) Machine Learning in Materials Science ; Graph theory and applications ; Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
Authors: Yung-Yeh Chang | Kazuma Saito | Chen-Hsuan Hsu
Source: Physical Review Research (preprint, 2025-09-22)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Quasi-two-dimensional spin helix and magnon-induced singularity in twisted bilayer graphene Twisted bilayer graphene exhibits prominent correlated phenomena in two distinct regimes: a Kondo lattice near the magic angle, resembling heavy fermion systems, and a triangular correlated domain wall network under interlayer bias, akin to sliding Luttinger liquids previously introduced for cuprates. Combining these characteristics, here we investigate a system where interacting electrons in the domain wall network couple to localized spins. Owing to inter-domain-wall correlations, a quasi-two-dimensional spin helix phase within the localized spins emerges as a result of spatial phase coherence across parallel domain walls. Within the spin helix phase, magnons can induce a singularity, reflected in the scaling exponents of various correlation functions, accessible through electrical means and by adjusting the twist angle. We predict observable features in magnetic resonance and anisotropic paramagnetic spin susceptibility for the spin helix and the magnon-induced singularity, serving as experimental indicators of the interplay between the Kondo lattice and sliding Luttinger liquids. Integrating critical aspects of Luttinger liquid physics, magnetism, and Kondo physics in twisted bilayer graphene, our findings offer insights into similar correlated phenomena across a broad range of twisted van der Waals structures. Magnon ; Condensed matter physics ; Bilayer graphene ; Spin (aerodynamics) ; Helix (gastropod) ; Bilayer ; Singularity ; Graphene ; Physics ; Materials science ; Quantum mechanics ; Chemistry ; Ferromagnetism ; Mathematics ; Biology ; Mathematical analysis ; Membrane Graphene research and applications ; Quantum and electron transport phenomena ; Magnetic properties of thin films
Authors: Mustafa Şeker | Ömer Cívalek
Source: International Journal Of Engineering & Applied Sciences (article, 2025-05-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Free Vibration Analysis of Nanorings Using The Nonlocal Elasticity In this research article, a free vibration analysis study of nanorings using nonlocal elasticity has been attempted. Nanorings are involved in many areas of our lives. It is seen that nanorings are frequently used, especially in technological tools. In this study, firstly the studies carried out by scientists on nanorings are discussed comprehensively. In particular, these studies are related to the theory of nonlocal elasticity and the vibration of nanorings. In this context, after a literature review, an attempt was made to express the theory of nonlocal elasticity. By using the simplest equations of the nonlocal elasticity theory, the main equation of this theory was obtained. While obtaining the main equation, a number of mathematical functions are used from the simplest equations. It has been seen that the main equation obtained in the nonlocal elasticity theory for nanorings has been used in many studies. After the theory of nonlocal elasticity, the free vibration of nanorings is discussed. Here, mathematical equations are used in the environment embedded in elastic soil. In addition, new mathematical equations are crated by taking the ''"k" _"m" '' value to zero in order to get rid of the elastic embedded environment, that is, the ground effect. Here, the free vibration dimensionless frequency equation of nanorings is obtained. As a result, mathematical equations regarding the theory of nonlocal elasticity and the free vibration of nanorings are derived. Elasticity (physics) ; Vibration ; Materials science ; Classical mechanics ; Mathematics ; Physics ; Statistical physics ; Composite material ; Acoustics Nonlocal and gradient elasticity in micro/nano structures ; Numerical methods in engineering ; Composite Structure Analysis and Optimization