jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Rakesh Namdeti | G. P. Rao | Nageswara Rao Lakkimsetty | Noor Mohammed Said Qahoor | Naveen Prasad B. S | Uma Reddy Meka | Prema. P.M | Doaa Salim Musallam Samhan Al-Kathiri | Muayad Abdullah Ahmed Qatan | Hafidh Ahmed Salim Ba Alawi
Source: Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences (article, 2024-12-17)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Enhanced Lead and Zinc Removal via Prosopis Cineraria Leaves Powder: A Study on Isotherms and RSM Optimization This study investigates the potential of Prosopis cineraria Leaves Powder (PCLP) as a biosorbent for removing lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) from aqueous solutions, optimizing the process using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Prosopis cineraria, commonly known as Khejri, is a drought-resistant tree with significant promise in environmental applications. The research employed a Central Composite Design (CCD) to examine the independent and combined effects of key process variables, including initial metal ion concentration, contact time, pH, and PCLP dosage. RSM was used to develop mathematical models that explain the relationship between these factors and the efficiency of metal removal, allowing the determination of optimal operating conditions. The experimental results indicated that the Langmuir isotherm model was the most appropriate for describing the biosorption of both metals, suggesting favorable adsorption characteristics. Additionally, the D-R isotherm confirmed that chemisorption was the primary mechanism involved in the biosorption process. For lead removal, the optimal conditions were found to be 312.23 K temperature, pH 4.72, 58.5 mg L−1 initial concentration, and 0.27 g biosorbent dosage, achieving an 83.77% removal efficiency. For zinc, the optimal conditions were 312.4 K, pH 5.86, 53.07 mg L−1 initial concentration, and the same biosorbent dosage, resulting in a 75.86% removal efficiency. These findings highlight PCLP’s potential as an effective, eco-friendly biosorbent for sustainable heavy metal removal in water treatment. Zinc ; Lead (geology) ; Response surface methodology ; Materials science ; Pulp and paper industry ; Environmental science ; Chemistry ; Metallurgy ; Chromatography ; Biology ; Engineering Heavy Metals in Plants ; Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
Authors: Ziming Yan | Ranran Lu | Linfeng Ding | Lianjun Wang | Zhen Zhang
Source: Journal of Applied Physics (article, 2024-12-23)
Field: Materials Science — Ceramics and Composites

Distinct deformation mechanisms of silicate glasses under nanoindentation: The critical role of structure We use large-scale molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the indentation response of three silica-based glasses with varying compositional complexities. Our primary goal is to clarify the roles of the typical network-modifying species, namely, sodium, and the secondary network-forming species, namely, boron, in influencing the mechanical behavior of the glasses under localized stress. The distinct mechanical responses of the glasses are linked to structural features such as bond strength, network connectivity, and atomic packing density. The enhanced nanoscale ductility of sodium silicate and sodium borosilicate glasses, compared to silica, is attributed to the structural flexibility induced by Na atoms, which depolymerize the network, and by B species in mixed coordination. We also find that shear flow, driven by network flexibility, is the dominant deformation mechanism in the sodium silicate and sodium borosilicate glasses, while densification dominates in silica due to its low packing density. The evolution of short-to-intermediate-range structures is responsible for the distinct deformation behaviors of the glasses. These results highlight the critical role of structure in determining the deformation mechanisms of silicate glasses under sharp contact loads, providing insights for improving the mechanical performance of these materials. Nanoindentation ; Silicate ; Deformation (meteorology) ; Materials science ; Deformation mechanism ; Composite material ; Nanotechnology ; Chemistry ; Microstructure Glass properties and applications ; Building materials and conservation ; Advanced ceramic materials synthesis
Authors: Yuxi Dong | Zili Wang | Mingguang Diao | Xi Wang | Yu Deng | Bin Cao | Ying Xu | Chuyan Zhang
Source: Energies (review, 2024-08-20)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

External Insulation Performance under DC Voltages of Polluted Post Insulators for Power Stations in Rainy Weather: A Brief Review and Recent Progress The discharge and flashover phenomenon of post insulators in rainy weather has not been given sufficient consideration; however, with the construction of ultra-high voltage power grids, the performance of the external insulation and the ability to withstand special climate conditions need to be guaranteed. Therefore, it is meaningful to conduct studies on the discharge characteristics of contaminated post insulators under rainfall conditions. Moreover, the conventional perception tends to confuse the flashover of polluted insulators in the rain with the pollution flashover that occurs in the fog; however, in fact, the discharge of contaminated insulators that occurs during rainfall has characteristics that can be distinguished from the pollution flashover. In this study, firstly, the current status of research on the external insulation characteristics of post insulators was analyzed through an examination of the available literature. Secondly, the concept of a ‘pollution rain flashover’ of insulators was established and clarified, to distinguish it from the traditional meaning of ‘pollution flashover’ or ‘contamination flashover’. Thirdly, research results on the pollution rain flashover of post insulators used in power stations in recent years were summarized, which included the characteristics and mechanism of the discharge, parameters and factors influencing the flashover voltage, and their influence laws. Particularly, the gap discharge between insulator sheds triggered by raindrops, which is the most significant feature of the pollution rain flashover, and the profile optimization of sheds, which is an effective way to improve the performance, were emphasized in this work. Fourthly, the prevention methods were studied, which mainly include the application of rainproof sheds and the shed optimization for pollution rain flashover of post insulators. Finally, a brief prospect is given for future research. Voltage ; Environmental science ; Electrical engineering ; Power (physics) ; Meteorology ; Engineering ; Physics High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena ; Aerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation ; Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
Authors: Gabriele Maria Lozito | Matteo Intravaia | Fabio Corti | Gabriele Patrizi | Maurizio Laschi | Lorenzo Ciani | Dario Vangi | Alberto Reatti
Source: IEEE Access (article, 2024-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Equivalent Circuit Modelling of Hybrid Supercapacitors Through Experimental Spectroscopic Measurements In this paper, a strategy for the identification of models based on supercapacitors equivalent circuits is proposed. The approach is based on an innovative and efficient encoding procedure, suitable for a generic impedance network. The latter, in combination with an optimization algorithm, is used to investigate the components and topology of the best-fitting network for a given dataset. To demonstrate the generality of the proposed approach, equivalent circuits involving both integer and fractional order elements have been derived. The identification of each model is performed using a cascade optimization algorithm for maximum robustness against local minimum entrapment. The approach is applied to the identification of a 4000 F hybrid supercapacitor, for which data is acquired from an extensive experimental spectroscopy campaign at different states of charge and temperatures. Two models are selected, one for each set, both in excellent agreement with the experimental measurements. Equivalent circuit ; Robustness (evolution) ; Supercapacitor ; Electronic circuit ; Electrical impedance ; Algorithm ; Generality ; Cascade ; Computer science ; Topology (electrical circuits) ; Capacitance ; Electronic engineering ; Voltage ; Mathematics ; Engineering ; Electrical engineering Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication ; Advanced Battery Technologies Research ; Fuel Cells and Related Materials
Authors: Wei Xu | Liangzhuang Wei | Wei Cheng | Xiangwei Yi | Yandan Lin
Source: Frontiers in Plant Science (article, 2024-01-31)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Non-destructive assessment of soluble solids content in kiwifruit using hyperspectral imaging coupled with feature engineering The maturity of kiwifruit is widely gauged by its soluble solids content (SSC), with accurate assessment being essential to guarantee the fruit's quality. Hyperspectral imaging offers a non-destructive alternative to traditional destructive methods for SSC evaluation, though its efficacy is often hindered by the redundancy and external disturbances of spectral images. This study aims to enhance the accuracy of SSC predictions by employing feature engineering to meticulously select optimal spectral features and mitigate disturbance effects. We conducted a comprehensive investigation of four spectral pre-processing and nine spectral feature selection methods, as components of feature engineering, to determine their influence on the performance of a linear regression model based on ordinary least squares (OLS). Additionally, the stacking generalization technique was employed to amalgamate the strengths of the two most effective models derived from feature engineering. Our findings demonstrate a considerable improvement in SSC prediction accuracy post feature engineering. The most effective model, when considering both feature engineering and stacking generalization, achieved an <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi>E</mml:mi><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> of 0.721, a <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi>E</mml:mi><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> of 0.046, and an <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi>D</mml:mi><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> of 1.394 in the prediction set. The study confirms that feature engineering, especially the careful selection of spectral features, and the stacking generalization technique are instrumental in bolstering SSC prediction in kiwifruit. This advancement enhances the application of hyperspectral imaging for quality assessment, offering benefits that extend across the agricultural industry. Hyperspectral imaging ; Feature selection ; Feature (linguistics) ; Generalization ; Redundancy (engineering) ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Feature engineering ; Stacking ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Partial least squares regression ; Quality (philosophy) ; Mathematics ; Machine learning ; Chemistry Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
Authors: Eleonora Buoio | Valentina Colombo | Elena Ighina | F.M. Tangorra
Source: Foods (article, 2024-10-16)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Rapid Classification of Milk Using a Cost-Effective Near Infrared Spectroscopy Device and Variable Cluster–Support Vector Machine (VC-SVM) Hybrid Models Removing fat from whole milk and adding water to milk to increase its volume are among the most common food fraud practices that alter the characteristics of milk. Usually, deviations from the expected fat content can indicate adulteration. Infrared spectroscopy is a commonly used technique for distinguishing pure milk from adulterated milk, even when it comes from different animal species. More recently, portable spectrometers have enabled in situ analysis with analytical performance comparable to that of benchtop instruments. Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis is the most popular tool for developing calibration models, although the increasing availability of portable near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has led to the use of alternative supervised techniques, including support vector machine (SVM). The aim of this study was to develop and implement a method based on the combination of a compact and low-cost Fourier Transform near infrared (FT-NIR) spectrometer and variable cluster-support vector machine (VC-SVM) hybrid model for the rapid classification of milk in accordance with EU Regulation EC No. 1308/2013 without any pre-treatment. The results obtained from the external validation of the VC-SVM hybrid model showed a perfect classification capacity (100% sensitivity, 100% specificity, MCC = 1) for the radial basis function (RBF) kernel when used to classify whole vs. not-whole and skimmed vs. not-skimmed milk samples. A strong classification capacity (94.4% sensitivity, 100% specificity, MCC = 0.95) was also achieved in discriminating semi-skimmed vs. not-semi-skimmed milk samples. This approach provides the dairy industry with a practical, simple and efficient solution to quickly identify skimmed, semi-skimmed and whole milk and detect potential fraud. Support vector machine ; Cluster (spacecraft) ; Variable (mathematics) ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Artificial intelligence ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Structured support vector machine ; Computer science ; Machine learning ; Biological system ; Chemistry ; Mathematics ; Biology ; Operating system Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Identification and Quantification in Food ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
Authors: Fernando Ricardo | Ana C. S. Veríssimo | Elisabete Maciel | M. Rosário Domingues | Ricardo Calado
Source: Plants (article, 2024-02-16)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Fatty Acid Profiling as a Tool for Fostering the Traceability of the Halophyte Plant Salicornia ramosissima and Contributing to Its Nutritional Valorization <i>Salicornia ramosissima</i>, commonly known as glasswort or sea asparagus, is a halophyte plant cultivated for human consumption that is often referred to as a sea vegetable rich in health-promoting <i>n</i>-3 fatty acids (FAs). Yet, the effect of abiotic conditions, such as salinity and temperature, on the FA profile of <i>S. ramosissima</i> remains largely unknown. These factors can potentially shape its nutritional composition and yield unique fatty acid signatures that can reveal its geographical origin. In this context, samples of <i>S. ramosissima</i> were collected from four different locations along the coastline of mainland Portugal and their FAs were profiled through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The lipid extracts displayed a high content of essential FAs, such as 18:2<i>n</i>-6 and 18:3<i>n</i>-3. In addition to an epoxide fatty acid exclusively identified in samples from the Mondego estuary, the relative abundance of FAs varied between origin sites, revealing that FA profiles can be used as site-specific lipid fingerprints. This study highlights the role of abiotic conditions on the nutritional profile of <i>S. ramosissima</i> and establishes FA profiling as a potential avenue to trace the geographic origin of this halophyte plant. Overall, the present approach can make origin certification possible, safeguard quality, and enhance consumers' trust in novel foods. Halophyte ; Abiotic component ; Fatty acid ; Biology ; Salinity ; Botany ; Food science ; Ecology ; Biochemistry Edible Oils Quality and Analysis ; Phytochemical Studies and Bioactivities ; Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Elissa Klopfer | Ighodalo Idehenre | Deanna Sessions | Michael J. Carter | Philip R. Buskohl | Eric S. Harper
Source: MRS Communications (article, 2024-09-18)
Field: Materials Science — Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Design of fabrication-tolerant meta-atoms for polarization-multiplexed metasurfaces Abstract Metasurfaces can replace bulk optical components in a more compact form factor in applications including communication systems, sensors, and manufacturing technology. However, their design and fabrication is challenging due to competing demands of selecting meta-atoms that simultaneously provide the required amplitude and phase modulation while being robust to fabrication errors. Here, we develop two design heuristics to assist with the down-selection of meta-atoms into sensitivity-informed libraries, based on either selecting meta-atoms with minimal sensitivity or minimizing the relative sensitivities between meta-atoms. We evaluate both methods on a polarization-dependent phase mask and compare the resulting phase and intensity errors. Graphical Abstract Materials science ; Fabrication ; Multiplexing ; Polarization (electrochemistry) ; Optoelectronics ; Optics ; Electronic engineering ; Physics Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications ; Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks ; Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks
Authors: Diego Fernando Garcia-del Rio | Mehdi Derhourhi | Amélie Bonnefond | Sébastien Leblanc | Noé Guilloy | Xavier Roucou | Sven Eyckerman | Kris Gevaert | Michel Salzet | Tristan Cardon
Source: Cell Death and Disease (article, 2024-09-30)
Field: Chemistry — Spectroscopy

Deciphering the ghost proteome in ovarian cancer cells by deep proteogenomic characterization Proteogenomics is becoming a powerful tool in personalized medicine by linking genomics, transcriptomics and mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics. Due to increasing evidence of alternative open reading frame-encoded proteins (AltProts), proteogenomics has a high potential to unravel the characteristics, variants, expression levels of the alternative proteome, in addition to already annotated proteins (RefProts). To obtain a broader view of the proteome of ovarian cancer cells compared to ovarian epithelial cells, cell-specific total RNA-sequencing profiles and customized protein databases were generated. In total, 128 RefProts and 30 AltProts were identified exclusively in SKOV-3 and PEO-4 cells. Among them, an AltProt variant of IP_715944, translated from DHX8, was found mutated (p.Leu44Pro). We show high variation in protein expression levels of RefProts and AltProts in different subcellular compartments. The presence of 117 RefProt and two AltProt variants was described, along with their possible implications in the different physiological/pathological characteristics. To identify the possible involvement of AltProts in cellular processes, cross-linking-MS (XL-MS) was performed in each cell line to identify AltProt-RefProt interactions. This approach revealed an interaction between POLD3 and the AltProt IP_183088, which after molecular docking, was placed between POLD3-POLD2 binding sites, highlighting its possibility of the involvement in DNA replication and repair. Proteogenomics ; Proteome ; Proteomics ; Biology ; Computational biology ; Transcriptome ; Genomics ; Genome ; Bioinformatics ; Genetics ; Gene expression ; Gene Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications ; RNA modifications and cancer ; RNA Research and Splicing
Authors: Andrew Cashmore | Konstantinos Georgoulas | Christopher Boyle | Mei Lee | Mark Haw | Ján Šefčı́k
Source: Crystal Growth & Design (article, 2024-06-10)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Secondary Nucleation of α-Glycine Induced by Fluid Shear Investigated Using a Couette Flow Cell A Couette cell flow device was designed, and an experimental procedure was developed to enable a quantitative study of the effects of fluid shear on secondary nucleation using a fixed seed crystal under controlled supersaturation, temperature, and flow conditions. This approach excludes mechanical impact, which is often considered to be the principal source of secondary nucleation, for example, through crystal attrition. We found that secondary nucleation rates of α-glycine in aqueous solutions induced by fluid shear were very significant and about 6 orders of magnitude higher than primary nucleation rates at the same conditions. Secondary nucleation rates per seed crystal were found to be about 1 order of magnitude lower compared with the magnetically stirred vials investigated previously, where a single seed crystal was freely moving, and thus, its mechanical impacts could not be ruled out. Computational fluid dynamics was used to calculate the wall shear stress along the surface of fixed seed crystals placed in the Couette cell gap at rotation rates between 100 and 600 rpm investigated here. This approach allows relating the secondary nucleation rate to the wall shear stress so that quantitative models can be developed to capture the effects of fluid shear on secondary nucleation kinetics. Such models will then facilitate scale-up and transfer of secondary nucleation kinetics between various equipment used in industrial crystallization processes. Couette flow ; Nucleation ; Shear flow ; Shear (geology) ; Chemistry ; Glycine ; Taylor–Couette flow ; Fluid dynamics ; Chemical engineering ; Chemical physics ; Thermodynamics ; Materials science ; Flow (mathematics) ; Mechanics ; Organic chemistry ; Physics ; Composite material ; Amino acid ; Biochemistry Crystallization and Solubility Studies ; Freezing and Crystallization Processes ; nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions
Authors: Shoujia Liu | Zheng Chang | Jiajun Wang | Yang Lu | Jie Yao | Zhiyuan Zou | Yafang Yin | Tuo He
Source: Frontiers in Plant Science (article, 2024-06-28)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

How to discriminate wood of CITES-listed tree species from their look-alikes: using an attention mechanism with the ResNet model on an enhanced macroscopic image dataset This study presents a convolutional neural network model coupled with the SENet module to discriminate CITES-listed species with their look-alikes and investigates a standard guideline for enhancing wood transverse image data, providing a practical computer vision method tool to protect endangered tree species and highlighting its substantial potential for CITES implementation. CITES ; Mechanism (biology) ; Botany ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Biology ; Ecology ; Physics Wood and Agarwood Research ; Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications ; Remote Sensing in Agriculture