jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Andrew J. Swift
Source: Digital Scholarship - UNLV (University of Nevada Reno) (article, 2020-05-12)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Preparation and Evaluation of Uranium Alloys Based on Burnup Next generation fast reactor designs utilizing metallic fuel are being developed as an alternative fuel cycle option in an effort to reduce carbon emissions. Historically, oxide fuels have been the industry standard, but interest in metallic fuel systems has grown considerably due to their thermal conductivity, fissile atom density, inherent safety, and ability to reach progressively higher burnups. Chemical complexity of metallic fuel systems increase as a function of burnup from fission product ingrowth and associated fuel cladding chemical interactions (FCCI) brought on by elemental redistribution and phase formation. To date, the most extensive operational study for metallic fuel was performed at the Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II) in Idaho from the 1960's to the early 1990's. During its operation, thousands of U-Zr and U-Pu-Zr fuel pins with various ranges of composition, burnup, and FCCI were analyzed from post-irradiated examinations (PIE) of spent fuel. Since decommissioning EBR-II, metallic fuel chemistry and fuel cladding studies for next generation reactors have become limited due to the lack of fast neutron irradiation facilities and data to support future designs. For this purpose, an arc melting procedure was developed for surrogate U-Zr and U-Pu-Zr burnup alloys with various fission product concentrations dependent on burnup. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were used for qualitative and quantitative compositional analysis. Combined Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were used to determine thermal properties and phase transition temperatures. As cast alloys were implemented into diffusion couples with cladding components to determine FCCI. Targeted research aims to reach ultra-high burnups, where effects of increased burnup on fuel chemistry and FCCI must be understood to prevent eutectic formation and cladding breakdown. Data compiled in this work is compared to EBR-II for validation. Resulting data can be extrapolated to elevated burnups, yet to be studied experimentally, without the need of post-irradiated materials, thus increasing the knowledgebase to support next generation fast reactor development. Burnup ; Uranium ; Environmental science ; Nuclear engineering ; Radiochemistry ; Metallurgy ; Materials science ; Chemistry ; Engineering Nuclear Materials and Properties ; Nuclear reactor physics and engineering ; Thermodynamic and Structural Properties of Metals and Alloys
Authors: Xueting Zhou
Source: eScholarship (California Digital Library) (article, 2020-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Approaches to Alter Particles Distribution in cryo-electron Microscopy Sample Preparation With the development of equipment and software, cryo electronic microscopy (cryoEM) was wildly used in structural biology to investigate biomolecular structure at atomic resolution. However, the sample quality is a barrier to pursuing higher resolution, including uneven distribution problems, heterogonous problems, and preferred orientation problems. Electron cryotomography (cryoET), a special application of cryoEM, have the advantage to resolve the 3D structure with a series of 2D tilting image at the same location, which is good to study the sample distribution in the thin ice layer. In this thesis, sample distribution was visualized by cryoET, and surfactant fluorinated fos choline 8 was used to manipulate the sample distribution. Besides, the principle underlying these problems were addressed based on calculation. Surface tension was the primary explanation for these problems. Cryo-electron microscopy ; Sample (material) ; Resolution (logic) ; Electron microscope ; Sample preparation ; Microscopy ; Nanotechnology ; Distribution (mathematics) ; Orientation (vector space) ; Materials science ; Computer science ; Chemistry ; Physics ; Optics ; Artificial intelligence ; Biology ; Biophysics ; Mathematics ; Geometry ; Chromatography Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques ; Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications
Authors: Soraya Shafiekhani
Source: Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science (article, 2020-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Rice Chilling Aeration: Assessment of Impacts on Grain Quality, Process Modeling and Validation The goal of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of applying chilling temperatures during on-farm, in-bin drying and storage to maintain rice quality. Specific objectives include to demonstrate the effectiveness of chilling aeration to preserve rice quality characteristics, determine the drying kinetics of rice under low temperature environments, and develop models to predict heat and mass transfer in rice kernel during drying at low temperature environment. To date, there is limited research describing storability or drying behavior of rice in chilled environments. However, it is understood that chilling of high-moisture, > 21% wet basis rough rice could reduce the time pressures on commercial and on-farm dryers to reduce the rough rice moisture content below 12% within two weeks of harvest. Chilling aeration of rice could also eliminate the pre-parboil steps where rice that has been dried to < 11% moisture, must be soaked in water to ~35-38% moisture prior to parboiling. Eliminating this initial drying step potentially reduces energy and operations costs. It is important to investigate suitability of chilling aeration for rice by considering implications on rice milling yields and quality, and process operation costs. Environmental science ; Aeration ; Process (computing) ; Quality (philosophy) ; Agricultural engineering ; Quality assessment ; Engineering ; Computer science ; Evaluation methods ; Waste management ; Reliability engineering Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Mineral Processing and Grinding ; Minerals Flotation and Separation Techniques
Authors: Meena Nagar | M S Nagar | Khaled F. Mahmoud | Ayman El‐Sayed | Walid Mohamed Morsy | Ahmed Mady | Ahmed F. Mohamed | John Lupo | Sylvie Bouffard | David Dixon | Dexin Ding | Yulong Liu | Nan Hu | Ibrahim Amer | Omar | M Attawiya | M Mahdy | A Salman | A Mohamed | G Dabbour | M Mousa | A Daher | S Omar | Y Khawassek | S Haggag | E Gawad | A Amin | H Kamal | R Ghazala | L Awad | M Nagar | A El Monsif | W Davies | W Gray | G Ritcey | K Haque | B Lucas | J Skeaff | G Sommar | G Omrod | R Chaix | V Madakkaruppan | Anitha Pius | T Sreenivas | T Sunilkumar | Y Kusrini | Nurani | Bahari | Z Ekinci | S Colak | A Cakici | H Sarac
Source: International Journal of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry (article, 2020-11-27)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Capability of Uranium Heap Leaching from Gattar and El Missikat area, Eastern Desert, Egypt: A kinetic Approach Detailed studies of uranium heap leaching from different uranium mineralization resources situated in Eastern Desert of Egypt were investigated using sulfuric acid via batch experiments, bench scale leaching tests using small column also investigated after obtained optimum conditions. The obtained data shows that leaching of GII mineralization attained about 78.3% using 34 kg/ton at 44 days leaching time, on the other hand, leaching efficiency of uranium from El-Missikat mineralization was about 86.6% which is higher than GII mineralization using 28kg/ton at a 40 days leaching time. Kinetics reaction models of column tests have been investigated to improved understanding of the chemical reaction mechanism that is involved in the dissolution of this refractory mineral that influence the leaching process Based on the leaching results of the two mineralized occurrences, the rate of the uranium dissolution is controlled by both the chemical reaction and the diffusion reaction but diffusion reaction control was more predominate than a chemical reaction. Heap leaching ; Leaching (pedology) ; Dissolution ; Uranium ; Mineralization (soil science) ; Sulfuric acid ; Chemical reaction ; Chemistry ; Metallurgy ; Mineralogy ; Geology ; Materials science ; Inorganic chemistry ; Soil science ; Soil water ; Tailings Radioactive element chemistry and processing ; Mine drainage and remediation techniques ; Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
Authors: Artem Blinov | Nikolay Malastowski | Leonid Myagkov
Source: E3S Web of Conferences (article, 2020-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Methodology for calculating diesel SCR systems Selective catalytic reduction systems are widely applied as a NOX emission control technology in modern onand off highway diesel engines. Considering the stringent limits of emission standards, they should ensure high rates of conversion efficiency. To achieve that at the design stage numerical modelling is used to optimize physical and chemical processes. New mathematical models and methods that can provide the reduction of calculation time and related costs keeping the acceptable level of prediction accuracy are desired. In this study a methodology for calculating SCR systems based on the use both of CFD models and simplified catalyst models are presented. The capabilities of the suggested numerical approach were demonstrated during the simulations of a SCR system where the influence of UWS injection angle on NOX reduction efficiency was investigated. NOx ; Reduction (mathematics) ; Diesel fuel ; Selective catalytic reduction ; Process engineering ; Automotive engineering ; Diesel engine ; Computational fluid dynamics ; Environmental science ; Computer science ; Engineering ; Catalysis ; Aerospace engineering ; Chemistry ; Mathematics Catalytic Processes in Materials Science ; Vehicle emissions and performance ; Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies
Authors: Bahar Hajisami | Somayeh Mohammadi | Ravanbakhsh Shirdam
Source: Journal of Environmental Health Engineering (article, 2020-05-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Investigation of the Adsorption Efficacy in Removal of Chloride Ions by Synthesized magnesium–aluminum hydroxide from Zanjan Lead &amp;Zinc Industry wastewater The presence of corrosive anions in industrial wastewater can have many environmental and economic problems. Materials and methods: In this study, layered magnesium-aluminum oxide was synthesized which has an extra positive charge and was used for adsorption of chloride ions from waste-water of lead and zinc industry. Results: The synthesized crystalline material was investigated by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy results showed that there was no difference in the crystalline structure before and after chloride ion adsorption. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis showed the condensation of adsorbent after chloride ions adsorption and EDX analysis confirmed the presence of chloride and precipitation of Ca2+ ions after adsorption. Measurement of zetapotential for synthesized layered magnesium-aluminum hydroxide confirmed the positive surface charge. Isotherm studies have shown the compatibility of experimental data with the Langmuir model, which indicates the interaction between adsorbent and chloride ions, the maximum adsorption capacity for the synthesized adsorbent with Mg / Al ratio of 4 was determined 153.8 mg/g at 60 C. The obtained values showed the intercalation rate follows pseudo-second-order. The experimental data confirmed adsorption capacity has been increased with increasing the adsorbent dosage from 1.5 to 4.5 gr and the equilibrium time increased from 90 min. to 4 h from 1.5 g adsorbent to 4.5 g. Thermodynamic studies revealed the adsorption occurs spontaneously and positive entropy changes indicated strengthening the interaction between adsorbent and chloride ions with increasing the temperature from 25 to 60C. Conclusion: Finally, it can be concluded synthesized double layered Al-Mg hydroxide can be a good candidate to reduce chlorine ions from lead and zinc Industry wastewaters. Zinc ; Adsorption ; Magnesium ; Chloride ; Wastewater ; Hydroxide ; Aluminium ; Chemistry ; Inorganic chemistry ; Nuclear chemistry ; Waste management ; Organic chemistry Layered Double Hydroxides Synthesis and Applications ; Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal ; Nanomaterials for catalytic reactions
Authors: C. W. Cheng | L. H. Pevny | M. Warren | T. Hwa | R. Lovell-Badge | B. Niu | Kathryn S.E. Cheah
Source: UNC Libraries (article, 2020-11-08)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Predicting the spatiotemporal dynamics of hair follicle patterns in the developing mouse The establishment of orderly patterns in living systems is fascinating. While the Turing class of reaction–diffusion models defines a paradigm for the emergence of primary patterns, we propose here a much simpler expansion–induction (EI) model for the formation of secondary patterns. The EI model is derived from a simple geometric rule revealed by quantitative analysis of the patterns of secondary hair follicles in the developing mouse. It is driven by the physical growth of the embryo and is able to predict the formation of secondary follicles spatially and temporally, given only the locations of primary follicles. The robustness of the EI model provides an important advance by allowing comparison to real biological patterns beyond the qualitative, visual level. Dynamics (music) ; Hair follicle ; Follicle ; Biology ; Cell biology ; Endocrinology ; Physics ; Acoustics Textile materials and evaluations ; Hair Growth and Disorders ; RNA Research and Splicing
Authors: et al. D. Harsha Vardhan | TJPRC
Source: International journal of mechanical and production engineering research and development (article, 2020-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — General Materials Science

Mechanical, Structural and Dynamic Characterisation of Water Aged Composite Marine Propeller Marine propeller is the device which has to spend more of its life span under water. Recent studies shows that glass fibre Reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite material can be used to make marine propeller. On the other hand composite material properties were changing when exposed to water environment. In present work GFRP composite materials prepared by hand layup technique. Samples are subjected ageing with saline water (equivalent to sea water) for 15 days, 30 days and 45days, water uptake pattern was recorded as per ASTM D570. Unexposed GFRP and Aged GFRP samples were tested as per ASTM D638. Static structural and free vibration analysis carried on composite marine propeller using Optistruct solver with obtained mechanical properties. The results revealed that water ageing show much impact on the tensile strength than modulus. FEA results shows that the water ageing showing very little impact on displacement and vibration behaviour of composite marine propeller. Propeller ; Composite number ; Marine engineering ; Structural engineering ; Materials science ; Composite material ; Engineering Material Properties and Applications ; Engineering Applied Research ; Mechanical Failure Analysis and Simulation
Authors: Jesse Scholpp
Source: Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) (article, 2020-12-18)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Pre-Eruptive Evolution of Izu-Bonin Boninite Melts: Mixing, Cooling, and Crystallization Subduction is the geologic process in which one tectonic plate moves beneath another as it sinks into the Earth’s mantle. Subduction initiation in the Izu-Bonin Marianas system is the result of a gravitational failure during which one tectonic plate (the Pacific plate) spontaneously sinks beneath another (the Philippne Sea plate). Fluids released by the sinking plate that caused the overlying mantle to melt by reducing its meltimg temperature, forming the Izu-Bonin Mariana island arc system. The resulting melts initially have the chemical compositions that are rich in silica and magnesia, and highly depleted in other elements, refered to a boninite or high-Mg andesite. The goal of this thesis is to examine the chemical evolution of boninite lavas as they ascend from the mantle to the surface. This study intergrates observations of crystal chemistry and textures, with models that show how crystallization alters the chemistry of the melt. Melts begin crystallizing near the base of the crust (≈7-10 km below the surface) and continue to crystallize as they ascend through the crust and into a magma chamber. Separate melts interact and mixwithin this magma chamber, forming a single hybridized melt. In some cases, this mixing results in the eruption of boninite lavas. Our results also indicate that low-silica boninite and high-silica boninite come from mantle sources with different chemical compositions. It is unclear whether there was mantle source or whether the mantle source is just chemically evolving as melting continues. This question, along with questions on the chemical evolution of subduction fluids, will be examined during future chemical studies of these boninite lavas. Geology ; Crystallization ; Mixing (physics) ; Thermodynamics Material Dynamics and Properties
Authors: Jimmy Thörnberg | Justinas Pališaitis | Niklas Hellgren | Fedor F. Klimashin | Naureen Ghafoor | Igor Zhirkov | Clio Azina | Jean‐Luc Battaglia | Andrzej Kusiak | Maurico A. Sorica | J. E. Greene | Lars Hultman | I. Petrov | Per O. Å. Persson | Johanna Rosén
Source: ChemRxiv (preprint, 2020-07-05)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Microstructure and Materials Properties of Understoichiometric TiBx Thin Films Grown by HiPIMS In the present research article we report synthesis of TiBx, 1.43n-situ mass- and energy-spectroscopy is used to explain the obtained compositional range. Excess B in overstoichiometric TiBx thin films from DCMS results in a hardness up to 37.7±0.8 GPa, attributed to the formation of an amorphous B-rich tissue phase separating stoichiometric TiB2 columnar structures. With a particular focus on characterization of the understoichiometric samples, we show that understoichiometric TiB1.43 thin films synthesized by HiPIMS exhibit a superior hardness of 43.9±0.9 GPa, where the deficiency of B is found to be accommodated by Ti planar defects. The apparent fracture toughness, electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity of the same sample is 4.2±0.1 MPa√m, 367±7 μΩ·cm and 5.1 W/(m.K), respectively, as compared to corresponding values for overstoichiometric TiB2.20 DCMS thin film samples of 3.2±0.1 MPa√m, 309±4 μΩ·cm and 3.0 W/(m.K). Materials science ; Microstructure ; Amorphous solid ; Thin film ; Analytical Chemistry (journal) ; Stoichiometry ; Electrical resistivity and conductivity ; High-power impulse magnetron sputtering ; Composite material ; Crystallography ; Nanotechnology ; Sputtering ; Sputter deposition ; Chemistry Boron and Carbon Nanomaterials Research ; Metal and Thin Film Mechanics ; Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research
Authors: Senthilnathan Rajendran
Source: International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research (article, 2020-08-25)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Kinetic Analysis of Sequencing Batch Reactor for the Treatment of Tannery Waste water In this study, the performance of a bench scale aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was investigated for the treatment of tannery wastewater. Mixed culture obtained from the activated sludge process treating tannery wastewater was used in the reactor. SBR was operated at different operating conditions by changing the hydraulic retention time (HRT-5,4,3 and 2 days) and initial substrate concentration (6240mgCOD/L, 4680 mgCOD/L, 3220 mgCOD/L and 1560 mgCOD/L). From the results it was found that a maximum reduction in COD and color were found to be 84% and 58% respectively. In this study, first order and diffusional models are used to describe the kinetics of the degradation of tannery wastewater in SBR. The model parameters were calculated. From the R2 value calculated the first order model fits the data well. In the kinetic studies, modified Stover-Kincannon, Diffusion Model, Michaelis-Menten model and second-order models, and were found to be the most appropriate model for ASBR reacting tannery wastewater than first order model. Sequencing batch reactor ; Waste management ; Batch reactor ; Environmental science ; Chemistry ; Pulp and paper industry ; Wastewater ; Process engineering ; Engineering ; Catalysis ; Biochemistry Ultrasound and Cavitation Phenomena ; Radiation Effects and Dosimetry ; Chromium effects and bioremediation
Authors: Tilo Seydel | Michael Marek Koza | Olga Matsarskaia | Alexander André | Santanu Maiti | Michelle E. Weber | Ralf Schweins | Sylvain Prévost | Frank Schreiber | Marcus Scheele
Source: Chemical Science (preprint, 2020-01-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A neutron scattering perspective on the structure, softness and dynamics of the ligand shell of PbS nanocrystals in solution Small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering, neutron backscattering and neutron time-of-flight spectroscopy are applied to reveal the structure of the ligand shell, the temperature-dependent diffusion properties and the phonon spectrum of PbS nanocrystals functionalized with oleic acid in deuterated hexane. The nanocrystals decorated with oleic acid as well as the desorbed ligand molecules exhibit simple Brownian diffusion with a Stokes-Einstein temperature-dependence and inhibited freezing. Ligand molecules desorbed from the surface show strong spatial confinement. The phonon spectrum of oleic acid adsorbed to the nanocrystal surface exhibits hybrid modes with a predominant Pb-character. Low-energy surface modes of the NCs are prominent and indicate a large mechanical softness in solution. This work provides comprehensive insights into the ligand-particle interaction of colloidal nanocrystals in solution and highlights its effect on the diffusion and vibrational properties as well as their mechanical softness. Nanocrystal ; Neutron scattering ; Chemical physics ; Ligand (biochemistry) ; Colloid ; Diffusion ; Small-angle neutron scattering ; Chemistry ; Molecule ; Crystallography ; Materials science ; Scattering ; Physical chemistry ; Nanotechnology ; Thermodynamics ; Optics ; Physics ; Organic chemistry Material Dynamics and Properties ; Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies ; Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties
Authors: Ryzhii Victor | Ryzhii Maxim | P Maltsev Petr | E Karasik Valerij | Mitin Vladimir | S Shur Michael | Otsuji Taiichi
Source: Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (article, 2020-08-03)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Far-infrared and terahertz emitting diodes based on graphene/black-P and graphene/MoS2 heterostructures Terahertz radiation ; Heterojunction ; Diode ; Light-emitting diode ; Terahertz spectroscopy and technology 2D Materials and Applications ; Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research ; Terahertz technology and applications