jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Soumia El Boumlasy | Federico La Spada | Nunzio Tuccitto | Giovanni Marletta | Carlos Luz | Giuseppe Meca | Ermes Ivan Rovetto | A. Pane | Abderrahmane Debdoubi | Santa Olga Cacciola
Source: Plants (article, 2021-11-13)
Field: Materials Science — Biomaterials

Inhibitory Activity of Shrimp Waste Extracts on Fungal and Oomycete Plant Pathogens (1) Background: This study was aimed at determining the <i>in vitro</i> inhibitory effect of new natural substances obtained by minimal processing from shrimp wastes on fungi and oomycetes in the genera <i>Alternaria</i>, <i>Colletotrichum</i>, <i>Fusarium</i>, <i>Penicillium</i>, <i>Plenodomus</i> and <i>Phytophthora</i>; the effectiveness of the substance with the highest <i>in vitro</i> activity in preventing citrus and apple fruit rot incited by <i>P. digitatum</i> and <i>P. expansum</i>, respectively, was also evaluated. (2) Methods: The four tested substances, water-extract, EtOAc-extract, MetOH-extract and nitric-extract, were analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS-TOF; <i>in vitro</i> preliminary tests were carried out to determine the minimal inhibitory/fungicidal concentrations (MIC and MFC, respectively) of the raw dry powder, EtOAc-extract, MetOH-extract and nitric-extract for each pathogen. (3) Results: in the agar-diffusion-assay, nitric-extract showed an inhibitory effect on all pathogens, at all concentrations tested (100, 75, 50 and 25%); the maximum activity was on <i>Plenodomus tracheiphilus</i>, <i>C. gloeosporioides</i> and <i>Ph. nicotianae</i>; the diameters of inhibition halos were directly proportional to the extract concentration; values of MIC and MFC of this extract for all pathogens ranged from 2 to 3.5%; the highest concentrations (50 to 100%) tested <i>in vivo</i> were effective in preventing citrus and apple fruit molds. (4) Conclusions: This study contributes to the search for natural and ecofriendly substances for the control of pre- and post-harvest plant pathogens. Penicillium expansum ; Oomycete ; Biology ; Alternaria alternata ; Shrimp ; Minimum inhibitory concentration ; Food science ; Chemistry ; Microbiology ; Botany ; Postharvest ; Pathogen ; Antimicrobial Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging ; Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life Management ; Plant Growth Enhancement Techniques
Authors: Edwin R. Arboleda | Christian Louis T. De Jesus | Leahlyne Mae S. Tia
Source: IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (article, 2021-10-26)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Pineapple maturity classifier using image processing and fuzzy logic This paper describes the development of a prototype using an image processing system for extracting features and fuzzy logic for classifying the maturity of pineapple fruits depending on the colors of its scales. The standards that the system used are from Philippine National Standards for fresh fruits-pineapple for the 'queen' variant. The prototype automatically classified the maturity of queen pineapple variant grown in Munting Ilog, Silang, Cavite, Philippines. Data gathered are from the images loaded into the system using a camera unit under a controlled environment. The images loaded consist of the three faces of the pineapple sample, each with 120-degree coverage to capture the whole 360-degree view of the scale. The images then are sent to the system of the prototype where the features of the images are segmented based on the RGB color reduction. By using the fuzzy logic classifier, the obtained experimental results showed 100% accuracy for both the unripe and overripe maturity and 90% accuracy for the under-ripe and ripe maturity classification. The results obtained show that the developed image processing algorithm and the fuzzy-logic-based classifier could be used as an accurate and effective tool in classifying the maturity of pineapples. RGB color model ; Fuzzy logic ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Classifier (UML) ; Maturity (psychological) ; Image processing ; Computer vision ; Pattern recognition (psychology) ; Image (mathematics) Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Smart Agriculture and AI ; Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection
Authors: Simon Schmitt | Tuvia Gefen | Daniel Louzon | Christian Osterkamp | Nicolas Staudenmaier | Johannes Lang | Matthew Markham | Alex Retzker | Liam P. McGuinness | Fedor Jelezko
Source: npj Quantum Information (article, 2021-04-01)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Optimal frequency measurements with quantum probes Abstract Precise frequency measurements are important in applications ranging from navigation and imaging to computation and communication. Here we outline the optimal quantum strategies for frequency discrimination and estimation in the context of quantum spectroscopy, and we compare the effectiveness of different readout strategies. Using a single NV center in diamond, we implement the optimal frequency discrimination protocol to discriminate two frequencies separated by 2 kHz with a single 44 μs measurement, a factor of ten below the Fourier limit. For frequency estimation, we achieve a frequency sensitivity of 1.6 µHz/Hz 2 for a 1.7 µT amplitude signal, which is within a factor of 2 from the quantum limit. Our results are foundational for discrimination and estimation problems in nanoscale nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Quantum limit ; Frequency modulation ; Quantum ; Limit (mathematics) ; Context (archaeology) ; Sensitivity (control systems) ; Quantum computer ; SIGNAL (programming language) ; Amplitude ; Computer science ; Physics ; Optics ; Electronic engineering ; Mathematics ; Telecommunications ; Radio frequency ; Quantum mechanics ; Engineering Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research ; High-pressure geophysics and materials
Authors: R. Fischer | Christian M. Schlepütz | Dirk Hegemann | René M. Rossi | Dominique Derome | Jan Carmeliet
Source: Physical review. E (article, 2021-05-10)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Four-dimensional imaging and free-energy analysis of sudden pore-filling events in wicking of yarns What are the mechanisms at play in the spontaneous imbibition dynamics in polyethylene terephthalate filament yarns at pore scale? Processes at pore scale such as waiting times between the filling of two neighboring pores, as observed in special irregular porous media, like yarns, may overrule the predicted behavior by well-known laws such as Washburn's law. While the imbibition physics are well known, classic models like Washburn's law cannot explain the dynamics observed for yarns. The stepwise dynamics is discussed in terms of the interplay of thermodynamic free energy and viscous dissipation. Time-resolved synchrotron x-ray microtomography documents water filling at pore scale. Spontaneous imbibition in yarns is characterized by a series of fast pore-filling events separated by long periods of low flux. Four-dimensional imaging allows the extraction of interface areas at the boundaries between water, air, and polymer and the calculation of free-energy evolution. It is found that the waiting periods correspond to quasistable water configurations of almost vanishing free-energy gradient. The distributions of pore filling event sizes and waiting times spread over several orders of magnitude, resulting in the pronounced stepwise uptake dynamics. Imbibition ; Dissipation ; Materials science ; Porous medium ; Mechanics ; Synchrotron ; Scale (ratio) ; Length scale ; Capillary action ; Porosity ; Protein filament ; Composite material ; Physics ; Thermodynamics ; Optics Textile materials and evaluations ; Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques ; Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity
Authors: Paravastu Venkata Kamala Kumari | Srinivasa Rao Yarraguntla | Mantha Sharmila | Villa Krishna Harika
Source: Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (article, 2021-01-01)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Application of Box-Behnken Design for Formulation Parameters of Eslicarbazepine Tablets Current research has been done to develop statistically and optimized immediate release tablets for eslicarbazepine. Nineteen formulations of eslicarbazepine acetate immediate release tablets are prepared by wet granulation. The three-dimensional Box-Behnken design at three levels (33) was developed to study how selected independent variables affect dependent responses. After the initial test, three independent items were selected as follows; polyvinylpyrrolidone (A), tapioca starch (B) and galbanum gum (C). Responses to measure were the time of disintegration (Y1) and in vitro drug release at 45 min (Y2). In accordance with the independent variables, three different levels were established as the lowest, highest and middle variables tested. The predicted formula formulated with the Box-Behnken statistical design consisted of polyvinylpyrrolidone, tapioca starch and galbanum gum at the optimum levels of 2.49, 2.77 and 3 respectively. Box–Behnken design ; Polyvinylpyrrolidone ; Granulation ; Materials science ; Mathematics ; Chromatography ; Chemistry ; Response surface methodology ; Composite material Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals ; Pharmaceutical studies and practices
Authors: Ning Su | Shizhuang Weng | Liusan Wang | Taosheng Xu
Source: Biosensors (article, 2021-12-02)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Reflectance Spectroscopy with Multivariate Methods for Non-Destructive Discrimination of Edible Oil Adulteration The visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) reflectance spectroscopy was utilized for the rapid and nondestructive discrimination of edible oil adulteration. In total, 110 samples of sesame oil and rapeseed oil adulterated with soybean oil in different levels were produced to obtain the reflectance spectra of 350-2500 nm. A set of multivariant methods was applied to identify adulteration types and adulteration rates. In the qualitative analysis of adulteration type, the support vector machine (SVM) method yielded high overall accuracy with multiple spectra pretreatments. In the quantitative analysis of adulteration rate, the random forest (RF) combined with multivariate scattering correction (MSC) achieved the highest identification accuracy of adulteration rate with the full wavelengths of Vis-NIR spectra. The effective wavelengths of the Vis-NIR spectra were screened to improve the robustness of the multivariant methods. The analysis results suggested that the competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) was helpful for removing the redundant information from the spectral data and improving the prediction accuracy. The PLSR + MSC + CARS model achieved the best prediction performance in the two adulteration cases of sesame oil and rapeseed oil. The coefficient of determination (RPcv2) and the root mean square error (RMSEPcv) of the prediction set were 0.99656 and 0.01832 in sesame oil adulterated with soybean oil, and the RPcv2 and RMSEPcv were 0.99675 and 0.01685 in rapeseed oil adulterated with soybean oil, respectively. The Vis-NIR reflectance spectroscopy with the assistance of multivariant analysis can effectively discriminate the different adulteration rates of edible oils. Rapeseed ; Near-infrared spectroscopy ; Edible oil ; Soybean oil ; Multivariate statistics ; Reflectivity ; Coefficient of determination ; Principal component analysis ; Multivariate analysis ; Diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform ; Environmental science ; Mathematics ; Chemistry ; Food science ; Statistics ; Optics Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research ; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
Authors: Jinming Liu | Changhao Zeng | Na Wang | Jianfei Shi | Bo Zhang | Changyu Liu | Yong Sun
Source: Energies (article, 2021-03-07)
Field: Chemistry — Analytical Chemistry

Rapid Biochemical Methane Potential Evaluation of Anaerobic Co-Digestion Feedstocks Based on Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics Biochemical methane potential (BMP) of anaerobic co-digestion (co-AD) feedstocks is an essential basis for optimizing ratios of materials. Given the time-consuming shortage of conventional BMP tests, a rapid estimated method was proposed for BMP of co-AD—with straw and feces as feedstocks—based on near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with chemometrics. Partial least squares with several variable selection algorithms were used for establishing calibration models. Variable selection methods were constructed by the genetic simulated annealing algorithm (GSA) combined with interval partial least squares (iPLS), synergy iPLS, backward iPLS, and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), respectively. By comparing the modeling performances of characteristic wavelengths selected by different algorithms, it was found that the model constructed using 57 characteristic wavelengths selected by CARS-GSA had the best prediction accuracy. For the validation set, the determination coefficient, root mean square error and relative root mean square error of the CARS-GSA model were 0.984, 6.293 and 2.600, respectively. The result shows that the NIRS regression model—constructed with characteristic wavelengths, selected by CARS-GSA—can meet actual detection requirements. Based on a large number of samples collected, the method proposed in this study can realize the rapid and accurate determination of the BMP for co-AD raw materials in biogas engineering. Partial least squares regression ; Chemometrics ; Mean squared error ; Biogas ; Anaerobic digestion ; Calibration ; Coefficient of determination ; Sampling (signal processing) ; Feature selection ; Mathematics ; Near-infrared spectroscopy ; Biological system ; Methane ; Statistics ; Computer science ; Chemistry ; Engineering ; Chromatography ; Artificial intelligence ; Waste management Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses ; Mineral Processing and Grinding ; Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Authors: O. R. Faloye | O. P. Sobukola | T.A. Shittu | H.A. Bakare
Source: SN Applied Sciences (article, 2021-01-29)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Influence of frying parameters and optimization of deep fat frying conditions on the physicochemical and textural properties of chicken nuggets from FUNAAB-Alpha broilers Abstract Influence of deep fat frying parameters on quality attributes of chicken nuggets from FUNAAB-Alpha broilers and optimization of the process using Box-Behnken experimental design of response surface methodology was investigated. Fried chicken nuggets were obtained using frying temperature (155–175 °C), frying time (3–7 min) and sample thickness (0.5–2.5 cm) as independent variables. Oil and moisture contents, texture (hardness, chewiness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness and springiness) and colour (L*, a* and b*) of samples were analyzed using standard procedures. Significance of each term in polynomial regression equations was evaluated on quality attributes. The accuracy of the regression models varied between 0.727 and 0.939. The effect of frying temperature on quality attributes of fried chicken nuggets was more significant ( p &gt; 0.05). The optimum frying temperature, frying time and sample thickness are determined as 175 °C, 3 min, 2.32 cm, respectively. Absolute percent error between optimized and experimental data were within the acceptable limit. Graphic abstract Chewiness ; Food science ; Mathematics ; Response surface methodology ; Moisture ; Chemistry ; Materials science ; Statistics ; Composite material Edible Oils Quality and Analysis ; Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities ; Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Klara Kostajnšek | Živa Zupin | Aleš Hladnik | Krste Dimitrovski
Source: Polymers (article, 2021-01-27)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Optical Assessment of Porosity Parameters in Transparent Woven Fabrics This paper deals with the possibility of a fast and accurate assessment of the number, size, and distribution of pores in transparent woven fabrics based on light penetration. The procedure of analyzing the pore structure in the fabrics based on a digital image is presented in detail. Fabric pores are treated as image particles and analyzed with the Java-based image processing software ImageJ. The obtained data relate to the constructional parameters of the fabric that allow for further analysis, provide the possibility to compare structurally similar or different samples as well as double check the results generated by optical or other means. This paper describes work on plain and similar to plain weaves. The conducted analysis revealed several expected and some unexpected results. Among the former, we can list the range of pore sizes in the examined woven fabrics, the distribution of pores in regard to their similarity, and the effect of dents. Examples of the latter are the magnitude of the cumulative percentage of pores in regard to the weave and the degree to which they participate in the inter-yarn and inter-fiber pores. Yarn ; Woven fabric ; Materials science ; Porosity ; Penetration (warfare) ; Fabric structure ; Composite material ; Digital image analysis ; Digital image ; Computer science ; Image processing ; Image (mathematics) ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer vision ; Mathematics Textile materials and evaluations ; Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection ; Optical measurement and interference techniques
Authors: Yanzhou Ji | Kasra Momeni | Long‐Qing Chen
Source: 2D Materials (article, 2021-04-28)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

A multiscale insight into the growth of h-BN: effect of the enclosure Abstract There is a lack of knowledge on the fundamental growth mechanisms governing the characteristics of 2D materials synthesized by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique and their correlation with experimentally controllable parameters, which hindered their wafer-scale synthesis. Here, we pursued an analytical and computational approach to access the system states that are not experimentally viable to address these critical needs. We developed a multiscale computational framework correlating the macroscale heat and mass flow with the mesoscale morphology of the as-grown 2D materials by solving the coupled system of heat/mass transfer and phase-field equations. We used hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) as our model material and investigated the effect of substrate enclosure on its growth kinetics and final morphology. We revealed a lower concentration with a more uniform distribution on the substrate in an enclosed-growth than open-growth. It leads to a more uniform size distribution of the h-BN islands, consistent with existing experimental investigations. Enclosure ; Wafer ; Materials science ; Substrate (aquarium) ; Hexagonal boron nitride ; Mass transfer ; Chemical vapor deposition ; Boron nitride ; Chemical physics ; Diamond ; Nanotechnology ; Mechanics ; Chemical engineering ; Chemistry ; Composite material ; Computer science ; Physics Graphene research and applications ; 2D Materials and Applications ; Thermal properties of materials
Authors: Kwanghwi Je | Sangmin Lee | Erin G. Teich | Michael Engel | Sharon C. Glotzer
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (article, 2021-02-09)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Entropic formation of a thermodynamically stable colloidal quasicrystal with negligible phason strain Quasicrystals have been discovered in a variety of materials ranging from metals to polymers. Yet, why and how they form is incompletely understood. In situ transmission electron microscopy of alloy quasicrystal formation in metals suggests an error-and-repair mechanism, whereby quasiperiodic crystals grow imperfectly with phason strain present, and only perfect themselves later into a high-quality quasicrystal with negligible phason strain. The growth mechanism has not been investigated for other types of quasicrystals, such as dendrimeric, polymeric, or colloidal quasicrystals. Soft-matter quasicrystals typically result from entropic, rather than energetic, interactions, and are not usually grown (either in laboratories or <i>in silico</i>) into large-volume quasicrystals. Consequently, it is unknown whether soft-matter quasicrystals form with the high degree of structural quality found in metal alloy quasicrystals. Here, we investigate the entropically driven growth of colloidal dodecagonal quasicrystals (DQCs) via computer simulation of systems of hard tetrahedra, which are simple models for anisotropic colloidal particles that form a quasicrystal. Using a pattern recognition algorithm applied to particle trajectories during DQC growth, we analyze phason strain to follow the evolution of quasiperiodic order. As in alloys, we observe high structural quality; DQCs with low phason strain crystallize directly from the melt and only require minimal further reduction of phason strain. We also observe transformation from a denser approximant to the DQC via continuous phason strain relaxation. Our results demonstrate that soft-matter quasicrystals dominated by entropy can be thermodynamically stable and grown with high structural quality--just like their alloy quasicrystal counterparts. Quasicrystal ; Phason ; Colloid ; Materials science ; Chemical physics ; Tetrahedron ; Crystallography ; Relaxation (psychology) ; Colloidal crystal ; Condensed matter physics ; Chemistry ; Physics ; Physical chemistry Quasicrystal Structures and Properties ; Mineralogy and Gemology Studies ; Archaeology and Rock Art Studies
Authors: Dorota Chudoba | Monika Jażdżewska | Katarzyna Łudzik | S. Wołoszczuk | Ewa Juszyńska‐Gałązka | Mikołaj Kościński
Source: International Journal of Molecular Sciences (article, 2021-11-05)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Description of Release Process of Doxorubicin from Modified Carbon Nanotubes The article discusses the release process of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) from multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The studies described a probable mechanism of release and actions between the surface of functionalized MWCNTs and anticancer drugs. The surface of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been modified via treatment in nitric acid to optimize the adsorption and release process. The modification efficiency and physicochemical properties of the MWCNTs+DOX system were analyzed by using SEM, TEM, EDS, FTIR, Raman Spectroscopy and UV-Vis methods. Based on computer simulations at pH 7.4 and the experiment at pH 5.4, the kinetics and the mechanism of DOX release from MWNT were discussed. It has been experimentally observed that the acidic pH (5.4) is appropriate for the efficient release of the drug from CNTs. It was noted that under acidic pH conditions, which is typical for the tumour microenvironment almost 90% of the drug was released in a relatively short time. The kinetics models based on different mathematical functions were used to describe the release mechanism of drugs from MWCNTs. Our studies indicated that the best fit of experimental kinetic curves of release has been observed for the Power-law model and the fitted parameters suggest that the drug release mechanism of DOX from MWCNTs is controlled by Fickian diffusion. Molecular dynamics simulations, on the other hand, have shown that in a neutral pH solution, which is close to the blood pH, the release process does not occur keeping the aggregation level constant. The presented studies have shown that MWCNTs are promising carriers of anticancer drugs that, depending on the surface modification, can exhibit different adsorption mechanisms and release. Carbon nanotube ; Kinetics ; Doxorubicin Hydrochloride ; Adsorption ; Diffusion ; Chemistry ; Raman spectroscopy ; Controlled release ; Fick's laws of diffusion ; Chemical engineering ; Materials science ; Doxorubicin ; Nanotechnology ; Organic chemistry ; Thermodynamics Carbon Nanotubes in Composites ; Nanotechnology research and applications ; Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications