jablonkagroup/rise_ai_scientists huggingface dataset:
Authors: Manisha Sandupama Abesekara | Ying Chau
Source: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology (review, 2022-10-12)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Recent advances in surface modification of micro- and nano-scale biomaterials with biological membranes and biomolecules Surface modification of biomaterial can improve its biocompatibility and add new biofunctions, such as targeting specific tissues, communication with cells, and modulation of intracellular trafficking. Here, we summarize the use of various natural materials, namely, cell membrane, exosomes, proteins, peptides, lipids, fatty acids, and polysaccharides as coating materials on micron- and nano-sized particles and droplets with the functions imparted by coating with different materials. We discuss the applicability, operational parameters, and limitation of different coating techniques, from the more conventional approaches such as extrusion and sonication to the latest innovation seen on the microfluidics platform. Methods commonly used in the field to examine the coating, including its composition, physical dimension, stability, fluidity, permeability, and biological functions, are reviewed. Biomolecule ; Nanotechnology ; Coating ; Biocompatibility ; Biomaterial ; Surface modification ; Materials science ; Nanobiotechnology ; Membrane ; Microfluidics ; Chemistry ; Nanoparticle ; Biochemistry Polymer Surface Interaction Studies ; Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior ; Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
Authors: Liya Benny Mattam | Anusha Bijoy | Ditto Abraham Thadathil | Louis George | Anitha Varghese
Source: ChemistrySelect (article, 2022-11-08)
Field: Materials Science — Polymers and Plastics

Conducting Polymers: A Versatile Material for Biomedical Applications Abstract Conducting polymers (CPs) are organic polymers with metallic conductivity or semiconducting properties which have drawn considerable attention globally. They are versatile materials because of their excellent environmental stability, electrical conductivity, economic importance as well as optical and electronic properties. CPs are interesting because they can be functionalized in several ways and the chemical properties are fine‐tuned by incorporating new functionalities, making them more suitable in biomedical and other applications. They act as appropriate mediums of biomolecules and can be employed to improve the speed, stability, and sensitivity of various biomedical devices. They can transit between conducting and semiconducting states and have the ability to change mechanical properties by regulated doping, chemical modifications, etc. In this paper, we review the potential biomedical uses of conducting polymers such as smart textiles, bioactuators, hydrogels, and the use of CPs in neural prosthetic devices. Materials science ; Nanotechnology ; Polymer ; Self-healing hydrogels ; Biomolecule ; Conductive polymer ; Conductivity ; Doping ; Electronic materials ; Electronics ; Optoelectronics ; Electrical engineering ; Composite material ; Chemistry ; Polymer chemistry ; Engineering Conducting polymers and applications ; Neuroscience and Neural Engineering ; Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
Authors: Ngoc Giang Tran | Doo‐Man Chun
Source: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (article, 2022-06-13)
Field: Materials Science — Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Ultrafast and Eco-Friendly Fabrication Process for Robust, Repairable Superhydrophobic Metallic Surfaces with Tunable Water Adhesion Superhydrophobic metallic surfaces with a water contact angle greater than 150° have attracted considerable attention in both fundamental research and industrial applications due to their special properties such as antibiofouling, drag reduction, self-cleaning, anti-icing, anticorrosion, and oil-water separation. Until now, the development of superhydrophobic practical applications is mainly limited by the process complexity, long fabrication time, coating with toxic materials, and easily damaged surface structure. To reduce the fabrication time, and simplify the process for industrial applications, an eco-friendly postprocess has been developed in this research. The superhydrophobic surfaces on the laser-textured titanium, aluminum, copper, stainless steel, and nickel substrates were fabricated extremely rapidly by a simple surface modification of only a 10 min heat treatment with nontoxic silicone oil. Hydrophobic organic group absorption has been accelerated on the silicone oil heat-treated surface and has created a low-energy surface. In addition, we demonstrated the potential of using the laser areal fluence parameter, which could be an alternative to single-laser process parameters such as scanning speed, power, and step size, to fine-tune the water adhesion behavior. Therefore, a surface that integrates different water adhesion behaviors can be easily fabricated for more complex practical applications such as controlled microdroplet transportation, microfluidic systems, and certain biomedical processes. Moreover, the robustness of superhydrophobic surfaces was confirmed by abrasion tests, knife-scratch tests, chemical durability tests, and aging tests, and their repairability was evaluated for product applications in practice. Materials science ; Fabrication ; Contact angle ; Fluoropolymer ; Nanotechnology ; Surface energy ; Silicone ; Environmentally friendly ; Abrasion (mechanical) ; Composite material ; Surface roughness ; Surface modification ; Coating ; Surface engineering ; Paint adhesion testing ; Polymer ; Chemical engineering Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity ; Adhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions ; Laser Material Processing Techniques
Authors: Sergio Barranco | Jiayu Zhang | Sara López | Alessandra Casnati | Mónica H. Pérez‐Temprano
Source: Nature Synthesis (article, 2022-10-27)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Transition metal-catalysed directed C–H functionalization with nucleophiles Nucleophile ; Heteroatom ; Chemistry ; Combinatorial chemistry ; Reagent ; Organic synthesis ; Transition metal ; Organometallic chemistry ; Coupling reaction ; Catalysis ; Organic chemistry ; Ring (chemistry) Catalytic C–H Functionalization Methods ; Synthesis and Catalytic Reactions ; Sulfur-Based Synthesis Techniques
Authors: Yunjia Jiang | Lingyao Wang | Tongan Yan | Jianbo Hu | Wanqi Sun | Rajamani Krishna | Dongmei Wang | Zonglin Gu | Dahuan Liu | Xili Cui | Huabin Xing | Yuanbin Zhang
Source: Chemical Science (article, 2022-11-28)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

Insights into the thermodynamic–kinetic synergistic separation of propyne/propylene in anion pillared cage MOFs with entropy–enthalpy balanced adsorption sites Propyne/propylene (C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>4</sub>/C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>) separation is an important industrial process yet challenged by the trade-off of selectivity and capacity due to the molecular similarity. Herein, record C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>4</sub>/C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub> separation performance is achieved by fine tuning the pore structure in anion pillared MOFs. SIFSIX-Cu-TPA (ZNU-2-Si) displays a benchmark C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>4</sub> capacity (106/188 cm<sup>3</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> at 0.01/1 bar and 298 K), excellent C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>4</sub>/C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub> IAST selectivity (14.6-19.3) and kinetic selectivity, and record high C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>4</sub>/C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub> (10/90) separation potential (36.2 mol kg<sup>-1</sup>). The practical C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>4</sub>/C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub> separation performance is fully demonstrated by breakthroughs under various conditions. 37.8 and 52.9 mol kg<sup>-1</sup> of polymer grade C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub> can be produced from 10/90 and 1/99 C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>4</sub>/C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub> mixtures. 4.7 mol kg<sup>-1</sup> of >99% purity C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>4</sub> can be recovered by a stepped desorption process. Based on the <i>in situ</i> single crystal analysis and DFT calculation, an unprecedented entropy-enthalpy balanced adsorption pathway is discovered. MD simulation further confirmed the thermodynamic-kinetic synergistic separation of C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>4</sub>/C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub> in ZNU-2-Si. Enthalpy ; Propyne ; Adsorption ; Kinetic energy ; Chemistry ; Thermodynamics ; Entropy (arrow of time) ; Ion ; Cage ; Physical chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Physics ; Engineering Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications ; Catalytic Processes in Materials Science ; Covalent Organic Framework Applications
Authors: Qingju Wang | Jianbo Hu | Lifeng Yang | Zhaoqiang Zhang | Ke Tian | Xili Cui | Huabin Xing
Source: Nature Communications (article, 2022-05-26)
Field: Chemistry — Inorganic Chemistry

One-step removal of alkynes and propadiene from cracking gases using a multi-functional molecular separator Refineries generally employ multiple energy-intensive distillation/adsorption columns to separate and purify complicated chemical mixtures. Materials such as multi-functional molecular separators integrating various modules capable of separating molecules according to their shape and chemical properties simultaneously may represent an alternative. Herein, we address this challenge in the context of one-step removal of alkynes and propadiene from cracking gases (up to 10 components) using a multi-functional and responsive material ZU-33 through a guest/temperature dual-response regulation strategy. The responsive and guest-adaptive properties of ZU-33 provide the optimized binding energy for alkynes and propadiene, and avoid the competitive adsorption of olefins and paraffins, which is verified by breakthrough tests, single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments, and simulation studies. The responsive properties to different stimuli endow materials with multiple regulation methods and broaden the boundaries of the applicability of porous materials to challenging separations. Cracking ; Adsorption ; Materials science ; Context (archaeology) ; Separator (oil production) ; Porosity ; Distillation ; Process engineering ; Molecule ; Chemical engineering ; Chemistry ; Organic chemistry ; Composite material ; Thermodynamics ; Physics Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications ; Covalent Organic Framework Applications ; Membrane Separation and Gas Transport
Authors: Yevheniia Markushyna | Aleksandr Savateev
Source: European Journal of Organic Chemistry (article, 2022-04-15)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

Light as a Tool in Organic Photocatalysis: Multi‐Photon Excitation and Chromoselective Reactions Abstract Over the past decades, photoredox catalysis has developed to the big mature field of chemistry. Especially in the field of organic synthesis, more and more sustainable alternatives to conventional synthesis are being developed. Nonetheless, most research activities are focused on the development of new synthetic pathways, utilizing photons as a source of energy for breaking and building of new chemical bonds. We discuss here cases, where selection of the irradiation mode, light intensity (one‐, two‐ photons) or wavelength (UV, blue, green) has a crucial role on the outcome of the photocatalytic event. Thus, control over irradiation conditions influence the reaction mechanism and offers an access to highly reactive species that are otherwise hardly available. This allows for the unique chemical events to happen, such as deep reduction reactions. The principles of these concepts and their applications are reviewed for both homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalysts. Photocatalysis ; Chemistry ; Organic synthesis ; Photon ; Photochemistry ; Homogeneous ; Photoredox catalysis ; Nanotechnology ; Catalysis ; Organic chemistry ; Materials science ; Physics ; Optics Radical Photochemical Reactions ; Sulfur-Based Synthesis Techniques ; Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques
Authors: Oliver J. Knowles | Linus O. Johannissen | Giacomo E. M. Crisenza | Sam Hay | David Leys | David J. Procter
Source: Angewandte Chemie International Edition (article, 2022-10-17)
Field: Chemistry — Organic Chemistry

A Vitamin B<sub>2</sub>‐Photocatalysed Approach to Methionine Analogues Access to new non-canonical amino acid residues is crucial for medicinal chemistry and chemical biology. Analogues of the amino acid methionine have been far less explored-despite their use in biochemistry, pharmacology and peptide bioconjugation. This is largely due to limited synthetic access. Herein, we exploit a new disconnection to access non-natural methionines through the development of a photochemical method for the radical α-C-H functionalization of sulfides with alkenes, in water, using inexpensive and commercially-available riboflavin (vitamin B<sub>2</sub> ) as a photocatalyst. Our photochemical conditions allow the two-step synthesis of novel methionine analogues-by radical addition to unsaturated amino acid derivatives-and the chemoselective modification of peptide side-chains to yield non-natural methionine residues within small peptides. The mechanism of the bio-inspired flavin photocatalysis has been probed by experimental, DFT and TDDFT studies. Methionine ; Chemistry ; Vitamin b ; Environmental chemistry ; Vitamin ; Biochemistry ; Amino acid Sulfur-Based Synthesis Techniques ; Click Chemistry and Applications ; Radical Photochemical Reactions
Authors: Max Heyl | Emil List
Source: Applied Physics A (article, 2022-12-09)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Only gold can pull this off: mechanical exfoliations of transition metal dichalcogenides beyond scotch tape Abstract Following in graphene’s wake, the scotch tape method became the key enabler for the preparation of 2D materials, providing easy access to high-quality materials mainly limited by low yield. At this time, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) received tremendous attention as a promising class of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors. The motivation to reach the 2D limit of TMDCs and many other layered materials has long been set, and with the rise of gold-mediated exfoliations towards the millimeter scale, the stacking of these 2D single-layer building blocks into artificial 3D lattices is more relevant than ever. On this note, this review presents the recent developments in gold-mediated exfoliations beyond scotch tape, accompanied by a methods walkthrough for such a process. These matured gold exfoliations unlock a whole palette of 2D building blocks, ready for the assembly of macroscopic van der Waals heterostructures, or twistronics. Ultimately, mechanical exfoliation as a key enabler for high-quality single layers, evolved from scotch tape to gold, and became an even more potent tool in the process. Nanotechnology ; Materials science ; Transition metal ; Heterojunction ; Graphene ; Exfoliation joint ; Stacking ; Engineering physics ; Optoelectronics ; Chemistry ; Engineering 2D Materials and Applications ; Graphene research and applications ; MXene and MAX Phase Materials
Authors: Çağlar Çetinkaya | Erman Çokduygulular | Barış Kınacı | Feyza Güzelçimen | Yunus Özen | Nihan Akın Sönmez | Süleyman Özçelik
Source: Scientific Reports (article, 2022-07-04)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Highly improved light harvesting and photovoltaic performance in CdTe solar cell with functional designed 1D-photonic crystal via light management engineering Photonic-based functional designs and integrations for advanced optoelectronic devices are regarded as promising candidates considering the enhancement of efficiency and tunability. With the aim to improve photovoltaic performance by increasing photon harvesting, the study presents the prominent findings of experimental and theoretical comparison of optical and electrical evaluation integrating a functionally designed one-dimension photonic crystal (1D-PC) into CdTe solar cells. Since transparency of the CdS/CdTe heterojunction based solar cell (SC) is reduced by a photonic band gap formed by (MgF<sub>2</sub>/MoO<sub>3</sub>)<sup>N</sup> 1D-PC; namely, re-harvesting is improved by increasing absorbance. The period number at resonance wavelength of 850 nm and photocurrent density ([Formula: see text]) have remarkable influence on the investigation. For four periods, the reflectance in the region of photonic band gap is sufficient for photon harvesting and saturation occurs. The photovoltaic performances are comparatively analysed for SCs with and without 1D-PC produced at optimal values. The open-circuit voltage does not change, besides, short-circuit current density and maximum-current density vary between 15.86-17.23 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> and, 13.08-15.41 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>. Having integrated the 1D-PC into the structure, it is concluded that the FF and power conversion efficiency increase from 55.27 to 63.35% with an improvement of 15.91% and, from 8.26 to 10.47% with an improvement of 21.10%. Photocurrent ; Cadmium telluride photovoltaics ; Photovoltaic system ; Optoelectronics ; Materials science ; Photonics ; Photonic crystal ; Band gap ; Energy conversion efficiency ; Saturation current ; Current density ; Open-circuit voltage ; Voltage ; Physics ; Electrical engineering Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties ; Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films ; Perovskite Materials and Applications
Authors: Siyu Li | Zhengwen Wang | Yucheng Xue | Yingbo Wang | Shihao Zhang | Jianpeng Liu | Zheng Zhu | Kenji Watanabe | Takashi Taniguchi | Hong-jun Gao | Yuhang Jiang | Jinhai Mao
Source: Nature Communications (article, 2022-07-22)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Imaging topological and correlated insulating states in twisted monolayer-bilayer graphene Flat bands in Van der Waals heterostructure provide an ideal platform for unveiling emergent quantum electronic phases. One celebrated example is twisted monolayer-bilayer graphene, in which the effects of electronic correlation have been observed. Here, we report the observation via scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy of correlated insulating states in twisted monolayer-bilayer graphene, leading to the formation of an electron crystal phase. At integer fillings, the strong Coulomb interaction redistributes flat-band electrons within one moiré unit cell, producing an insulating state with vanishing density of states at the Fermi level. Moreover, our approach enables the direct visualization of an ordered lattice of topological torus-shaped states, generated by the interaction between the electron crystal and the non-trivial band topology of twisted monolayer-bilayer graphene. Our results illustrate an efficient strategy for entwining topological physics with strong electron correlation in twisted van der Waals structures. Bilayer graphene ; Monolayer ; van der Waals force ; Scanning tunneling microscope ; Condensed matter physics ; Graphene ; Fermi level ; Electron ; Materials science ; Topology (electrical circuits) ; Physics ; Nanotechnology ; Quantum mechanics ; Molecule Graphene research and applications ; Topological Materials and Phenomena ; 2D Materials and Applications
Authors: Rodrigo H. Coronel‐Tellez | Mateusz Pospiech | Maxime Barrault | Wenfeng Liu | Valérie Bordeau | Christelle Vasnier | Brice Felden | Bruno Sargueil | Philippe Bouloc
Source: Nucleic Acids Research (article, 2022-07-29)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

sRNA-controlled iron sparing response in Staphylococci Staphylococcus aureus, a human opportunist pathogen, adjusts its metabolism to cope with iron deprivation within the host. We investigated the potential role of small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) in dictating this process. A single sRNA, named here IsrR, emerged from a competition assay with tagged-mutant libraries as being required during iron starvation. IsrR is iron-repressed and predicted to target mRNAs expressing iron-containing enzymes. Among them, we demonstrated that IsrR down-regulates the translation of mRNAs of enzymes that catalyze anaerobic nitrate respiration. The IsrR sequence reveals three single-stranded C-rich regions (CRRs). Mutational and structural analysis indicated a differential contribution of these CRRs according to targets. We also report that IsrR is required for full lethality of S. aureus in a mouse septicemia model, underscoring its role as a major contributor to the iron-sparing response for bacterial survival during infection. IsrR is conserved among staphylococci, but it is not ortholog to the proteobacterial sRNA RyhB, nor to other characterized sRNAs down-regulating mRNAs of iron-containing enzymes. Remarkably, these distinct sRNAs regulate common targets, illustrating that RNA-based regulation provides optimal evolutionary solutions to improve bacterial fitness when iron is scarce. Biology ; Transfer RNA ; Microbiology ; Genetics ; RNA ; Gene Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition ; Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology ; Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
Authors: Chanaprom Cholsuk | Sujin Suwanna | Tobias Vogl
Source: Nanomaterials (article, 2022-07-15)
Field: Materials Science — Materials Chemistry

Tailoring the Emission Wavelength of Color Centers in Hexagonal Boron Nitride for Quantum Applications Optical quantum technologies promise to revolutionize today's information processing and sensors. Crucial to many quantum applications are efficient sources of pure single photons. For a quantum emitter to be used in such application, or for different quantum systems to be coupled to each other, the optical emission wavelength of the quantum emitter needs to be tailored. Here, we use density functional theory to calculate and manipulate the transition energy of fluorescent defects in the two-dimensional material hexagonal boron nitride. Our calculations feature the HSE06 functional which allows us to accurately predict the electronic band structures of 267 different defects. Moreover, using strain-tuning we can tailor the optical transition energy of suitable quantum emitters to match precisely that of quantum technology applications. We therefore not only provide a guide to make emitters for a specific application, but also have a promising pathway of tailoring quantum emitters that can couple to other solid-state qubit systems such as color centers in diamond. Optoelectronics ; Materials science ; Quantum ; Photon ; Quantum sensor ; Qubit ; Quantum technology ; Common emitter ; Quantum network ; Quantum information science ; Quantum information ; Nanotechnology ; Quantum entanglement ; Physics ; Open quantum system ; Optics ; Quantum mechanics Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research ; Graphene research and applications ; Boron and Carbon Nanomaterials Research