Perspectives in the treatment of renal anaemia new concepts and new drugs. 
There are several new erythropoiesis stimulating agents that may potentially improve in the near future the management of anaemia in patients with chronic kidney disease.  Some of the new erythropoiesis stimulating agents were synthesised by modification of the aminoacide sequence of the erythropoietin (EPO) molecule and hyperglycosylation and therefore they have improved pharmacokinetics (darbopoietin or CERA) by prolongation of the serum elimination half-life compared to epoietins.  These agents may be administered less frequently with better stabilisation of blood haemoglobin concentration.  There are a promising attempts to overcome the parenteral way of drug administration.  Such non-peptide drugs acts as inhibitors of prolyl hydroxylase and GATA-2 transcription factor enhancing the endogenous EPO synthesis.