Gender differences in functional outcome of elderly hip fracture patients. 
The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether gender might affect functional outcome of hip fractured patients undergoing in-hospital rehabilitation.  This was a retrospective chart review study comprising of 759 consecutive elderly patients suffering traumatic hip fracture.  All patients underwent a standard orthogeriatric care of surgical hip repair and post-acute rehabilitation care.  Functional outcome (female vs male gender) was assessed by motor and total Functional Independence Measurement (FIM) scores on discharge.  Data was analyzed by t-tests χ(2) -test and multiple linear regression analyses.  A total of 574 (75.6%) out of all patients were females.  There were no differences in admission FIM scores; however, male patients had a higher prevalence of comorbidities.  FIM scores on discharge were higher in female patients (motor FIM, P=0.007; motor FIM gain, P=0.001; compared with males).  A multiple linear regression analysis showed that female gender was independently associated with higher total FIM at discharge (β coefficient=0.056, P=0.008), higher motor FIM at discharge (β coefficient=0.071, P=0.007) and higher total FIM gain at discharge (β coefficient=0.11, P=0.008).  The findings suggest that absolute discharge FIM scores of females are higher, compared with male patients.  After adjusting for possible covariates, female gender still emerged as an independent predictor for higher FIM at discharge, suggesting that male gender should be considered as adversely affecting rehabilitation outcome of hip fracture male patients.