Electrical stimulation of lumbar spinal nerve roots in dogs. 
The aim of this study was to test the applicability of electrical stimulation of lumbar spinal nerve roots and obtain normative electrical root stimulation (ERS) data for L7 nerve root and sciatic nerve in dogs.  For that purpose ERS and sciatic nerve stimulations were performed consecutively, in totally 40 healthy dogs.  ERS was applied in the L7/S1 intervertebral space via monopolar needle electrodes.  Muscle responses were recorded from the gastrocnemius muscles on the left and right hind limbs.  Sciatic nerve stimulation was performed at the greater trochanter level on the left hind limb, with records obtained from the left gastrocnemius muscle.  Mean root latencies of the left and right side were 5.22 ± 0.49 ms and 5.29 ± 0.53 ms, respectively.  There was no significant difference in root latency between the right and left sides.  The mean terminal latency was 3.82 ± 0.46 ms.  The proximal motor nerve conduction velocity of the sciatic nerve was 63.15 ± 3.43 m/s. The results of this study show that ERS provides objective data about the integrity of lumbar spinal nerve roots by evaluating the entire population of motor fibres and total length of the motor axon in dogs.  ERS can be considered a useful diagnostic method for confirmation of diagnoses of lumbosacral diseases.