Stimulation of luteinizing hormone release by melittin and phospholipase A2 in rat pituitary cells. 
Gonadotropin release in rat pituitary monolayer cultures was stimulated by phospholipase A2, as well as by its activator melittin.  A dose-dependent stimulation of luteinizing hormone secretion by melittin was observed in a dose range of 10(-8) to 10(-4) M. A higher dose (1 mM) melittin had a sub-optimal effect.  The stimulatory action of melittin was calcium-dependent and blocked by phospholipase A2 inhibitors, chloroquine and quinacrine.  Similar to melittin, phospholipase A2 enhanced the effect of LH release in a dose range of 0.1-100 units/ml.  The effect of this enzyme was also calcium-dependent with optimal calcium concentrations at 1.5 mM, as obtained also for melittin.  In superfusion experiments, the stimulatory action of melittin and phospholipase A2 was reproducible in their effects on LH release in gonadotrophs.  In addition, melittin (10(-7) M) stimulated LH and 3H-arachidonic acid efflux in superfused pituicytes following prelabelling with radiolabelled arachidonate.  These data suggest that phospholipase A2, which releases arachidonic acid from phospholipids, may participate in controlling gonadotropin secretion in gonadotrophs, since arachidonic acid and its metabolites have previously been found to enhance gonadotropin release.