                              STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA

                            SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS

Justin Adams,
Petitioner Below, Petitioner
                                                                                      FILED
                                                                                   June 2, 2017
vs) No.  16-0733 (Taylor County 16-C-35)                                            RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK
                                                                                 SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                     OF WEST VIRGINIA
Marvin Plumley, Warden,
Huttonsville Correctional Center,
Respondent Below, Respondent


                               MEMORANDUM DECISION
       Petitioner Justin Adams, pro se, appeals the July 15, 2016, order of the Circuit Court of
Taylor County denying his petition for a writ of habeas corpus.  Respondent Marvin Plumley,
Warden, Huttonsville Correctional Center, by counsel Zachary Aaron Viglianco, filed a summary
response in support of the circuit court’s order.  Petitioner filed a reply. 

        The Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal.  The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument.  Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error.  For these
reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure. 

       Petitioner committed a bank robbery in Harrison County, West Virginia, in 2004 and
another bank robbery in Taylor County, West Virginia, in 2010.  The federal government
prosecuted petitioner for the 2004 bank robbery, and petitioner received a sentence of thirty-seven
months of incarceration.  In 2007, petitioner was placed on supervised release.  Petitioner was still
serving his federal supervised release when he committed the second bank robbery, for which he
was arrested and indicted by the State of West Virginia in February of 2010.  On or about April 9,
2010, petitioner was transferred to federal custody because he violated the terms and conditions of
his supervised release.  The federal government re-incarcerated petitioner from April 10, 2010, to
April 21, 2011, and then discharged him.  The State of West Virginia re-arrested petitioner for the
2010 bank robbery on July 7, 2011. 

        In January of 2012, petitioner pled guilty to one count of bank robbery pursuant to a plea
agreement in which the State agreed not to file a recidivist information against him.  The circuit
court sentenced petitioner to ten to twenty years of incarceration, but stated that it would be willing
to allow petitioner to attend an inpatient drug rehabilitation center if his attorney could find him a
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placement, and on the condition that he would be recommitted to the custody of the West Virginia
Division of Corrections (“DOC”) following his completion of the program.  Petitioner’s attorney
found him an appropriate placement and accordingly filed a motion for reconsideration of sentence
pursuant to Rule 35(b) of the West Virginia Rules of Criminal Procedure.  The circuit court granted
the motion and allowed petitioner to attend the inpatient drug rehabilitation program.  However, the
circuit court had to recommit petitioner to the DOC’s custody earlier than expected because,
instead of completing the program, he absconded from the treatment facility resulting in a capias
being issued for his arrest. 

        Following his recommitment to the DOC’s custody, petitioner filed a Rule 35(a) motion
for correction of sentence on January 29, 2015, asserting that he was entitled to credit for time
served for the period when he was in the State’s custody from February 9, 2010, to April 9, 2010,
and for the period from April 10, 2010, to April 21, 2011, when he was incarcerated at a federal
correctional institution for violating his supervised release regarding the 2004 bank robbery.  By
order entered on February 3, 2015, the circuit court granted petitioner sixty days of credit for time
served for the period from February 9, 2010, to April 9, 2010, but denied any such credit for his
incarceration that resulted from “his violation of his federal [supervised release that] was served on
a separate sentence from [a f]ederal court.” 

        On July 11, 2016, petitioner filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus alleging that (1) the
circuit court failed to grant him credit for time served for the period from April 10, 2010, to April
21, 2011, when he was incarcerated at a federal correctional institution for violating his supervised
release; and (2) his attorney in his criminal case was ineffective in failing to file an appeal that
raised the issue of credit for time served for his federal incarceration during 2010 and 2011.  By
order entered on July 15, 2016, the circuit court denied habeas relief.  The circuit court rejected
petitioner’s claim that the State of West Virginia still had legal custody of him while he was
incarcerated by the federal government from April 10, 2010, to April 21, 2011, given his release
into the community (rather than back into the State’s custody) upon his discharge from the federal
correctional institution.  With regard to petitioner’s second ground for relief, the circuit court found
that, “as [petitioner] is not entitled to credit for time served while in federal prison for his 2004
offense, [petitioner’s attorney] could not have been ineffective by failing to appeal this issue.” 

      Petitioner now appeals the circuit court’s July 15, 2016, order denying his habeas petition. 
We apply the following standard of review in habeas appeals:

               In reviewing challenges to the findings and conclusions of the circuit court
       in a habeas corpus action, we apply a three-prong standard of review.  We review
       the final order and the ultimate disposition under an abuse of discretion standard;
       the underlying factual findings under a clearly erroneous standard; and questions of
       law are subject to a de novo review. 

Syl.  Pt.  1, Mathena v. Haines, 219 W.Va.  417, 633 S.E.2d 771 (2006). “ In habeas corpus
proceedings . . .,  the petitioner [generally] has the burden of proof; the degree of proof is by a
preponderance of the evidence.”  Stanley v. Dale, 171 W.Va.  192, 194, 298 S.E.2d 225, 227-28
(1982); see Syl.  Pt.  1, Woods v. Whyte, 162 W.Va.  157, 247 S.E.2d 830 (1978) (holding that “[i]n
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a habeas corpus proceeding where prisoners allege but do not prove that they are being illegally
held, relief will be denied”). 

        On appeal, petitioner raises the same two issues he raised in his habeas petition.  With
regard to his alleged entitlement to additional credit for time served, petitioner contends that this
State still had legal custody of him during his federal incarceration from April 10, 2010, to April
21, 2011, given his arrest for the 2010 bank robbery prior to his transfer to federal authorities. 
Petitioner notes that his commission of the 2010 offense meant that he violated his federal
supervised release with regard to his 2004 conviction.  We disagree with petitioner that the
violation of his supervised release due to his later offense required that he be given credit for time
served for his federal incarceration from April 10, 2010, to April 21, 2011.  We agree with the
circuit court’s finding that petitioner was not entitled to credit for that period of incarceration
because it did not result from his arrest for the 2010 offense, but from “his violation of his federal
[supervised release that] was served on a separate sentence from [a f]ederal court.”  The two cases
are distinct involving not only separate sovereigns, but also different operative facts given that the
two bank robberies were committed in different counties and six years apart.  In Echard v. Holland,
177 W.Va.  138, 144, 351 S.E.2d 51, 57 (1986), and Miller v. Luff, 175 W.Va.  150, 153, 332 S.E.2d
111, 114 (1985), we found that there are cases in which double jeopardy and other constitutional
principles that require that credit be given for time served are not implicated.  We find that this is
such a case.  Therefore, we conclude that petitioner has failed to prove that he was entitled to credit
for time served for the period from April 10, 2010, to April 21, 2011. 

        With regard to petitioner’s claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, we agree with the
circuit court’s finding that “as [petitioner] is not entitled to credit for time served while in federal
prison for his 2004 offense, [petitioner’s attorney] could not have been ineffective by failing to
appeal this issue. ”1 Petitioner attempts to evade this finding by noting that his request to the circuit
court was that it resentence him so that he could raise the issue of credit for time served in a
criminal appeal rather than in this habeas appeal.  Respondent appears to concede that petitioner
was denied his right to appeal by arguing that such denial was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt
given that petitioner’s substantive issue is without merit. 

       We do not accept respondent’s concession.  See Syl.  Pt.  8, State v. Julius, 185 W.Va.  422,
408 S.E.2d 1 (1991) (holding that we are not obligated to accept the State’s confession of error). 
While petitioner contends that he did not waive his right to appeal,2 there is no dispute that a
criminal defendant may choose not to appeal.  We find that the record in this case supports the clear
       1
        We note that, in West Virginia, claims of ineffective assistance of counsel are governed by
the two-pronged test established in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984): (1) counsel’s
performance was deficient under an objective standard of reasonableness; and (2) there is a
reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceedings
would have been different.  Syl.  Pt.  5, State v. Miller, 194 W.Va.  3, 459 S.E.2d 114 (1995). 
       2
        In Asbury v. Mohn, 162 W.Va.  662, 665, 256 S.E.2d 547, 549 (1979), we found that,
although a constitutional right, “the right to appeal may be waived.” 

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inference that there was no appeal in petitioner’s criminal case because he already had a
post-sentencing strategy of persuading the circuit court to allow him to attend an inpatient drug
rehabilitation program if his attorney could find him a placement.  Petitioner’s attorney did find
him an appropriate placement, and the circuit court permitted petitioner to attend the program until
he absconded from the treatment facility and was recommitted to the DOC’s custody.  Therefore,
we find that petitioner has failed to prove that he was denied the right to appeal in his criminal case. 
We conclude that the circuit court did not abuse its discretion in denying petitioner’s habeas
petition. 

        For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the circuit court’s July 15, 2016, order denying
petitioner’s petition for a writ of habeas corpus. 

                                                                                             Affirmed. 

ISSUED: June 2, 2017

CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Allen H. Loughry II
Justice Robin Jean Davis
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Elizabeth D. Walker




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