Green logistics

Green logistics describes all attempts to measure and minimize the ecological impact of logistics activities.  This includes all activities of the forward and reverse flows of products, information and services between the point of origin and the point of consumption.  It is the aim to create a sustainable company value using a balance of economic and environmental efficiency.  Green logistics has its origin in the mid 1980s and was a concept to characterize logistics systems and approaches that use advanced technology and equipment to minimize environmental damage during operations. 

Demand for action 

Organizations have to face changes in the coming years. 

In addition to increasing diversity and dynamics, environmental issues become more important.  Social, political and economic demands for sustainable development force organizations to reduce the effect on the environment of their supply chains and to develop sustainable transport and supply chain strategies. 

There are strong interactions between logistics, environment and natural resources.  In addition, the approach of logistics is interdisciplinary, holistic and cross-company
Realising environmental objectives can be done in synergy with other strategic and financial goals.  This is the basis of the great potential of this new logistics problem and challenge. 

Ecological concern 
The "ecological concern" in logistics determines how far the logistics or the supply chain of a company is faced with the issue of environmental protection and resource conservation.  Basically, a supply chain is affected of various influencing factors in this context.  The main influencing factors are the stakeholders of the organization and the rising costs of energy and commodity. 

Some of the key stakeholders in this context are:

 The state with growing international and national regulations
 Customers and consumer with increasing awareness and demand for ecofriendly products and (logistics) services
 Employees who want to work in an environmentally and socially responsible company
 Society with increasing claims for more corporate social responsibility (CSR)
 Companies themselves; dealing with their own motivation

There is also the pressure of lenders, investors, insurers and investors.  Indications of this are new forms of investment in the capital market, such as the Dow Jones Sustainability Index, that tracks the stock performance of the world's leading companies in terms of economic, environmental and social criteria. 

The dimension of ecological concern of a company is the product of these complex and varying factors. 

Approaches 
Logistics has a whole range of measures to protect the environment and resources.  Some are new, others long-known.  These actions can be assigned to different levels maturity, range, scope, capital expenditure and resource requirements. 

Corresponding to the holistic approach of green logistics, logistics has five starting points to implement measures for environmental protection and resource conservation:

 customer, market and product
 structures and planning
 processes, control and measurement
 technologies and resources
 employees, suppliers and service providers

Examples:
 More efficient packing
 Route optimization
 Load optimization
 Formation of corporate networks, which are connected by logistics service
 Optimizing physical logistics processes by providing a sophisticated IT support

The first four levels form a hierarchy and influence each other sequentially.  Decisions on one level define the scope for further decisions on the following levels.  Decisions at higher levels reduce the freedom for the following levels.  Example: The determination of the packing mass of a product on the Level one defines the volume and weight of a product and therefore the maximum number of items per carrier (e.g., container).  Thus, the decision made on level one influences the maximum capacity of a container.  The effects on the environment, measured as carbon-dioxide () emissions per transported product therefore, are strongly influenced by the decisions made on level one.  Decisions made on levels two and three, such as route optimization, also affect carbon-dioxide emissions. 

Further examples:
 Green freight transportation: Optimizing the design of urban transportation networks, green vehicle routing, optimal paths for electric vehicles, electric vehicle routing and recharging 
 Green ports: Optimizing operational planning and equipment scheduling, energy consumption peak shaving, smart energy management system implementation, electrification of equipment, reducing reefer area energy consumption, harnessing renewable energy at ports, reducing wastes

See also

External links 
 EcoTransIT - Calculation of energy consumption and emission data for freight transports
 GreenRouter - Calculation of energy consumption and emission data for freight transports

References 

DONATO.  V. Logística Verde: uma abordagem Socioambiental.  Rio de Janeiro: Editora Ciência Moderna.  2008. . 

Category:Ecological economics
Category:Logistics