Functional Upregulation of STIM-1/Orai-1-Mediated Store-Operated Ca2+ Contributing to the Hypertension Development Elicited by Chronic EtOH Consumption. 
Chronic ethanol (EtOH) consumption has been associated with deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system by abnormal calcium (Ca2+) handling.  Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is related to cardiovascular remodeling which leads to the hypertension development, and the coupling between STIM-1 (ER Ca2+ sensor) and Orai-1 (channel pore) is a key mechanism to control SOCE through of store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCCs).  However, the role of STIM-1/Orai-1-mediated SOCE and its cross-talk with EtOH-triggered vascular remodeling and hypertension remain poorly understood.  We address this subject in the present study by evaluating how chronic EtOH consumption induces alterations in Ca2+ handling via SOCE.  Male Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and Spontaneously Hypertensive (SHR) rats were subjected to the intake of increasing EtOH concentrations (5-20%, for 30 days).  Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and EtOH concentration were measured; cardiovascular remodeling was assessed by histomorphometry; and function/ expression of STIM-1/Orai-1-mediated Ca2+ influx were evaluated by isometric contraction and western blot experiments.  Compared to the WKY-Control, our results show that: (1) chronic EtOH consumption caused a significant elevation of SBP in both strains; (2) cardiac hypertrophy and hypertrophic aortic wall remodeling much more pronounced in WKY-EtOH; (3) decreased capacity of ER to store and release Ca2+; (4) increased STIM-1/Orai-1-mediated SOCCs activation, which was selectively inhibited by YM-58483; and (5) increased expression of STIM-1 in WKY-EtOH and SHR-Control rats.  These findings suggest that hypertrophic aortic remodeling and abnormal contraction triggered mainly by Ca2+ overload via STIM-1/Orai-1-mediated SOCE through SOCCs are involved hypertension developed by EtOH consumption.