Rates, sample sizes, and the neutrality hypothesis for electrophoresis in evolutionary studies. 
It is shown that electrophoretic genetic distance estimates are highly correlated with albumin immunological distances between the same pairs of species.  The bimodality of rates of electrophoretic differentiation at various loci is then documented and the electrophoretic clocks involved are calibrated.  The differences between the systematics and population genetics uses of electrophoretic data are then discussed.  Finally, a direct electrophoretic test of the neutral alleles hypothesis is presented and exemplified on a set of Thomomys bottae-umbrinus data.