Cardiopulmonary responses after spontaneous inhalation of Douglas fir smoke in goats. 
In the majority of clinical cases, smoke inhalation results in a self-limited lung injury mostly confined to the airways.  In this study, an animal model of inhalation injury was developed that reflected similar pathophysiology.  Cardiopulmonary parameters were studied in awake, instrumented goats following spontaneous inhalation of characterized Douglas fir smoke.  Peak carboxyhemoglobin levels averaged 37% during a mean exposure time of 33 minutes.  All animals survived the 24-hour study period, and showed only transient abnormalities in lung fluid balance and gas exchange, with no change in lung mechanics or plasma eicosanoid (TxB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha) levels.  However, extravascular lung water at 24 hours was increased 33%, suggesting the presence of some airway edema and retained secretions.  We feel this model fairly represents the majority of clinical smoke inhalation cases.  This model is compared to other large animal inhalation injury models producing more severe lung injury.