Electrolytic, but not neurotoxic, lesions to the lateral tegmental tract increase acoustic startle amplitude and reduce startle stimulus-induced freezing. 
Startle amplitude and startle stimulus-induced freezing (an index of fear) were measured in a standard acoustic startle response (ASR) paradigm in male Sprague-Dawley rats.  Groups with electrolytic lesions to the lateral tegmental tract (LTG) or with axon-sparing lesions to the area around LTG made with the neurotoxin NMDA were compared with vehicle-injected or sham operated control groups on these response measures.  Replicating previous results (Leaton & Brucato, 2001), electrolytic lesions to LTG significantly reduced freezing and produced a persistent 300% increase in ASR amplitude compared with all other groups.  The NMDA lesions had no effect on freezing or on ASR amplitude compared with the controls.  In additional testing the rats with electrolytic lesions to LTG did not differ from controls in the acquisition or retention of context freezing using a footshock unconditioned stimulus.  The data made a small, but necessary, step in further clarifying two pathways that modify ASR.  The source of the descending pathway that provides tonic inhibition of the sensory input to the ASR circuitry is not within the LTG.  The ascending pathway that carries the fear-inducing dimensions of the acoustic stimulus to the amygdala by way of the medial geniculate nucleus does not have an intermediate synapse in the area within LTG.