The nongroup market as one element of a broader coverage-expansion strategy. 
Effective health insurance provides financial protection and access to services that maintain and improve health.  Such coverage is difficult to obtain in the nongroup market, however, because of a lack of sponsorship, the nature of coverage available, adverse selection, and high administrative costs.  However, certain interventions could make this market an effective avenue for expanding coverage to moderate- to high-income persons who lack access to employer-based coverage.  In "less regulated" markets, we suggest broader, deeper funding of high-risk pools and standardization of benefits, preexisting condition exclusions, and waiting periods.  In "more regulated" markets, a broadly funded reinsurance mechanism could moderate premiums.