The first formal report of brachypterous stonefly of Leuctridae (Plecoptera) from China. 
Paraleuctra cuihuashana sp.  nov.,  the first formally reported brachypterous stonefly of Leuctridae (Plecoptera) known from China, is described from Shaanxi Province of northwestern China.  The new species is characterized by the short-winged male with unique hindwing venation and a finger-shaped process on cerci.  The female of P. cuihuashana sp.  nov.  has variable wing length.  Molecular data supported the distinctness of the new species and the widespread P. orientalis (Chu, 1928).