Interferon alfa-2a and fluorouracil in the treatment of patients with advanced esophageal cancer. 
The trial was undertaken to determine the response rate to and toxicities from the combination of interferon alfa-2a (IFN) and fluorouracil (FU) in patients with advanced esophageal cancer.  In this prospective phase II trial conducted at a large tertiary referral cancer center and university hospital, 40 patients with advanced locoregional, metastatic epidermoid, or adenocarcinoma of the esophagus were given FU 750 mg/m2 by 24-hour continuous intravenous infusion days 1 to 5, followed by weekly outpatient bolus FU 750 mg/m2 and IFN 9 x 10(6) U three times per week from day 1.  Dose was attenuated for fatigue, neurotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, and myelosuppression.  Complete and partial responses were seen in 10 of 37 assessable patients with esophageal cancer (27%; 95% confidence interval, 0.13 to 0.41).  Although substantial, toxicity was tolerable and primarily involved fatigue and mild myelosuppression.  The median duration of response was 6.4 months (range, 2.8 to 14+ months).  The combination of IFN and FU is an active regimen in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer with a response rate similar to that reported for cisplatin-containing combinations in similar patient populations.  Further studies based on this combination are indicated.