Biotransformation and antioxidant enzymes of Lumbriculus variegates as biomarkers of contaminated sediment exposure. 
In this study the black worm Lumbriculus variegatus was tested for suitability as biomonitor for moderately contaminated sediments.  The response capacity of the biotransformation system phase II enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and the oxidative defense enzyme catalase (CAT) to contaminated sediment and atrazine was investigated to establish them as sensitive biomarkers.  To get an integrated view on the enzyme activity kinetics, increasing concentrations of the herbicide atrazine were applied to stimulate GST response, and relationship between enzyme activity and herbicide concentration was observed at various exposure durations.  Furthermore, animals were exposed for up to 1 week to sediments of four typical urban river sections with high anthropogenic impact.  L. variegatus was capable to accomplish the environmental stress and the selected enzymes showed elevation.  Significant changes of GST (membrane-bound and soluble) were detected after at least 4 days of exposure to atrazine and contaminated sediments.  Although CAT increase could be observed already after 1 day of exposure to sediments, an exposure time of one week is considerable for accurate interpretation of the enzymatic response.  The clear enzymatic response of especially the membrane-bound GST indicated charges with organic lipophilic substances at all sampling sites.