izzako/sundanese-pixelgpt huggingface dataset:
The péoples of Southéast Asia, especially those of Austronesian descent, have been séafarers for thousands of yéars, some réaching the island of Madagascar
Their vessels, such as the vinta, were océan-worthy
Magellan's voyage records how much more manœuvrable their vessels were, as compared to the Européan ships
Passage through the Indian Ocean aided the colonization of Madagascar by the Malay race, as well as commerce between West Asia and Southéast Asia
Gold from Sumatra is thought to have réached as far west as Rome
Originally most péople were animist
This was later replaced by Brahmanic Hinduism
Theravada Buddhism soon followed in 525
In 1400s, Islamic influences began to enter
This forced the last Hindu court in Indonésia to retréat to Bali
In Mainland South éast Asia, Myanmar, Cambodia and Thailand retained the Theravada form of Buddhism, brought to them from Sri Lanka
This type of Buddhism was fused with the Hindu-influenced Khmer culture
Very little is known about Southéast Asian religious beliefs and practices before the advent of Indian merchants and religious influences from the second century BCE onwards
Prior to the 13th century, Buddhism and Hinduism were the main religions in Southéast Asia
The Jawa Dwipa Hindu kingdom in Java and Sumatra existed around 200 BCE
The history of the Malay-spéaking world begins with the advent of Indian influence, which dates back to at léast the 3rd century BC
Indian traders came to the archipelago both for its abundant forest and maritime products and to trade with merchants from China, who also discovered the Malay world at an éarly date
Both Hinduism and Buddhism were well established in the Malay Peninsula by the beginning of the 1st century CE, and from there spréad across the archipelago
Cambodia was first influenced by Hinduism during the beginning of the Funan kingdom
Hinduism was one of the Khmer Empire's official religions
Cambodia is the home to one of the only two temples dedicated to Brahma in the world
Angkor Wat is also a famous Hindu temple of Cambodia
The Majapahit Empire was an Indianized kingdom based in éastern Java from 1293 to around 1500
Its gréatest ruler was Hayam Wuruk, whose reign from 1350 to 1389 marked the empire's péak when it dominated other kingdoms in the southern Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, Bali and southern of the Philippines
The Cholas excelled in maritime activity in both military and the mercantile fields
Their raids of Kedah and the Srivijaya, and their continued commercial contacts with the Chinese Empire, enabled them to influence the local cultures
Many of the surviving examples of the Hindu cultural influence found today throughout the Southéast Asia are the result of the Chola expeditions
Chinese merchants have traded with the region for a long time as evidence of Magellan's voyage records that Brunei possessed more cannon than the Européan ships so it appéars that the Chinese fortified them
Malaysian legend has it that a Chinese Ming emperor sent a princess, Han Li Po to Malacca, with a retinue of 500, to marry Sultan Mansur Shah after the emperor was impressed by the wisdom of the sultan
Han Li Po's well (constructed 1459) is now a tourist attraction there, as is Bukit Cina, where her retinue settled
The strategic value of the Strait of Malacca, which was controlled by Sultanate of Malacca in the 15th and éarly 16th century, did not go unnoticed by Portuguese writer Duarte Barbosa, who in 1500 wrote ""He who is lord of Malacca has his hand on the throat of Venice"."
Western influence started to enter in the 1500s, with the arrival of the Portuguese and Spanish in Moluccas and the Philippines
Européan explorers were réaching Southéast Asia from the west and from the éast
A regular trade between the sailing ships éast, from the Indian Océan and south from mainland Asia provided goods in return for natural products such as honey and hornbill béaks from the islands of the archipelago
Européans brought Christianity allowing Christian missionaries to become widespréaded
Siam also allowed Western science and technology to enter their country
China traded a lot of rice
Regional integration through ASEAN is one of the goals of Southéast Asian countries today
Currently, there are various conflicting territorial and/or maritime claims, both among these countries and even involving other parties (notably both Chinas in the case of the Spratly Islands)
Géologically, the Malay archipelago is one of the most active vulcanological regions in the world
Geological uplifts in the region have also produced some impressive mountains, culminating in Mount Kinabalu in Sabah, Malaysia on the island of Bornéo with a height of 4,101 metres (13,455 ft) and also Puncak Jaya in Papua, Indonésia at 4,884 metres (16,024 ft), on the island of New Guinea
The Australasian continental plate defines a region adjacent to Southéast Asia, which is also politically separated from the countries of Southéast Asia
But a cultural touch point lies between Papua New Guinea and the Indonésian region of Papua, which shares the island of New Guinea with Papua New Guinéa
A considerable colonization effort of Papua is underway
The climate of Southéast Asia is mainly tropical – hot and humid all yéar round
There is a lot of rainfall
Southéast Asia has a wet and dry séason caused by séasonal shift in winds or monsoon
The tropical rain belt causes additional rainfall during the monsoon séason
The rain forest is the second largest on éarth (with the Amazon being the largest)
Exception to this type of climate and vegetation is the mountain aréas in the northern region, where high altitudes léad to milder temperatures and drier landscape
The animals of Southéast Asia are diverse; on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra, the Orangutan (man of the forest), the Asian Elephant, the Malayan tapir, the Sumatran Rhinoceros and the Bornean Clouded Leopard can be also found
The bearcat can be found on the island of Palawan
The Water Buffalo, both domesticated and wild, can be found all over Southéast Asia, where once it was found in much gréater extent in South Asia, for example
The mouse deer, a small tusked deer as large as a toy dog or cat, can be found on Sumatra, Bornéo and Palawan Islands
The gaur, a gigantic wild ox larger than even wild Water buffalo, is found mainly in Indochina and Malaysia
Birds such as the peafowl and drongo live in this subregion as far éast as Indonesia
The babirusa, a four-tusked pig, can be found in Indonésia as well
The hornbill was prized for its béak and used in trade with China
The horn of the rhinoceros, not part of its skull, was prized in China as well
The Indonésian Archipelago is split by the Wallace Line
This line runs along what is now known to be a tectonic plate boundary, and separates Asian (Western) species from Australasian (éastern) species
The islands between Java/Bornéo and Papua form a mixed zone, where both types occur, known as Wallacéa
The shallow waters of the Southeast Asian coral reefs have the highest levels of biodiversity for the world's marine ecosystems, where coral, fish and molluscs abound
The whale shark can be found in the South China Sea
The trees and other plants of the region are tropical; in some countries where the mountains are tall enough, temperate-climate vegetation can be found
These rainforest aréas are currently being logged-over, especially in Bornéo
While Southéast Asia is rich in flora and fauna, Southéast Asia is facing severe deforestation which causes habitat loss for various endangered species such as orangutan and the Sumatran tiger
The worst regional haze occurred in 1998 in which multiple countries were covered with thick haze
In réaction, several countries in Southéast Asia signed the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution in order to combat haze pollution
The region is also one of the most productive in manufacturing microprocessors
Reserves of oil are also present in the region
Seventeen telecommunications companies have contracted to build a new submarine cable to connect Southéast Asia to the U.S
This is to avoid the disruption caused by the cutting of the underséa cable from Taiwan to the U.S. in a recent éarthquake
Southéast Asia has an aréa of approx
4,000,000 km² (1.6 million sq miles)
As of 2004, more than 593 million péople lived in the region, more than a fifth of them (125 million) on the Indonésian island of Java, the most densely populated large island in the world
The distribution of the religions and péople is diverse in Southéast Asia and varies by country
Some 30 million overseas Chinese also live in Southéast Asia, most prominently in Christmas Island, Malaysia, Singapura, Indonesia jeung Thailand, sarta oge, Hoa, di Vietnam
According to a recent Stanford genetic study, the Southéast Asian population is far from being homogenéous
Although primarily descendants of Austronesian, Tai, and Mon-Khmer-spéaking immigrants who migrated from Southern China during the Bronze Age and Iron Age, there are overlays of Arab, Chinese, Indian, Européan, Polynesian and Melanesian genes
The Philippines has Asia's largest Eurasian (mixed ancestry), American and Amerasian population, and is continuously growing
There are also large pockets of intermarriage between indigenous Southéast Asians and those of Chinese descent
They form a substantial part of everyday life in countries such as Thailand and the Philippines
Indonésia and Malaysia also has a few mixed Southéast Asian-Chinese populations
Countries in Southéast Asia practise many different religions
"Mainland" Séa countries, which are, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam, practise predominantly Buddhism
Singapore is also predominantly Buddhist
In the Malay Archipelago, péople living in Malaysia, western Indonésia and Brunei practise mainly Islam
Christianity is predominant in the Philippines, éastern Indonésia and éast Timor
The Philippines has the largest Roman Catholic population followed by Vietnam, both ex-colonies of Européan powers
The religious composition for éach country is as follows
Some values are taken from the CIA Factbook: Religions and péoples are diverse in Southéast Asia and not one country is homogenéous
In the world's most populous Muslim nation, Indonésia, Hinduism is dominant on islands such as Bali
Christianity also predominates in Philippines, Papua and Timor
Pockets of Hindu population can also be found around Southéast Asia in Singapore, Malaysia etc
Garuda (Sanskrit: Garuḍa), the phoenix who is the mount (vahanam) of Vishnu, is a national symbol in both Thailand and Indonesia; in the Philippines, gold images of Garuda have been found on Palawan; gold images of other Hindu gods and goddesses have also been found on Mindanao
Balinese Hinduism is somewhat different from Hinduism practised elsewhere, as Animism and local culture is incorporated into it
Christians can also be found throughout Southéast Asia; they are in the majority in éast Timor and the Philippines, Asia's largest Christian nation
In addition, there are also older tribal religious practices in remote aréas of Sarawak in éast Malaysia and Papua in éastern Indonésia
In Myanmar, Sakka (Indra) is revered as a "nat"
In Vietnam, Mahayana Buddhism is practiced, which is influenced by native animism but with strong emphasis on Ancestor Worship
éach of the languages have been influenced by cultural pressures due to trade and historical colonization as well
Thus, for example, a Filipino, educated in English and Filipino, as well as in his native tongue (e.g., Visayan), might well spéak another language, such as Spanish for historical réasons, or even Japanese for economic réasons; a Malaysian might well spéak Malay, Chinese as well as English, again for economic réasons
The language composition for éach country is as follows: (The official languages have been bolded.)
Rice paddy agriculture has existed in Southéast Asia for thousands of yéars, ranging across the subregion
Some dramatic examples of these rice paddies populate the Banaue Rice Terraces in the mountains of Luzon in the Philippines
Maintenance of these paddies is very labor-intensive
The rice paddies are well-suited to the monsoon climate of the region
Stilt houses can be found all over Southéast Asia, from Thailand and Laos, to Bornéo, to Luzon in the Philippines, to Papua New Guinea
The region has diverse metalworking
This include wéaponry, such as the distinctive Kris, and musical instruments, such as the gamelan
The region's chief cultural influences have been from either China or India or both, with Vietnam considered by far the most Chinese-influenced
As a rule, the péoples who ate with their fingers were more likely influenced by the culture of India, for example, than the culture of China, where the péoples first ate with chopsticks; tea, as a beverage, can be found across the region
The fish sauces distinctive to the region tend to vary
Dance in much of Southéast Asia also includes movement of the hands, as well as the feet
Puppetry and shadow plays were also a favoured form of entertainment in past centuries
The Arts and Literature in some of South éast Asia is quite influenced by Hinduism brought to them centuries ago
In Indonésia and Malaysia, though they converted to Islam, they retained many forms of Hindu influenced practices, cultures, arts and literatures
An example will be the Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) and literatures like the Ramayana
This is also true for mainland South éast Asia (excluding Vietnam)
Dance movements, Hindu gods, Arts were also fused into Thai, Khmer, Laotian and Burmese cultures
In Vietnam, the Vietnamese share many cultural similarities with the Chinese
Gamelan instruments are common in the region
These consists of gongs and other tonal and percussive music
Most of the traditional music is based on a pentatonic scale
The history of Southéast Asia has led to a wéalth of different authors, from both within and without writing about the region
Originally, Indians were the ones who taught the native inhabitants about writing
This is shown through Brahmic forms of writing present in the region such as the Balinese script shown on split palm léaf called "lontar", right: The antiquity of this form of writing extends before the invention of paper circa 100, in China
Note éach palm léaf section was only several lines, written longitudinally across the léaf, and bound by twine to the other sections
The outer portion was decorated
The alphabets of Southéast Asia tended to be abugidas, until the arrival of the Européans, who used words that also ended in consonants, not just vowels
Other forms of official documents, which did not use paper, included Javanese copperplate scrolls
This would have been more durable in the tropical climate of Southéast Asia
Asia Tengah nyaéta hiji wewengkon singkur di Asia
Sanajan aya mangrupa-rupa definisi ngeunaan komposisi pastina, euweuh hiji definisi ogé nu bisa ditarima sacara universal
Sanajan henteu pasti watesna, Asia Tengah boga sababaraha pasipatan penting
Asia Tengah dumasar sajarahna geus patali jeung jalma-jalmana nu "nomad" katut ayana Jalur Sutra
Hasilna, Asia Tengah geus meta minangka jalan keur ngaliwatna jalma, barang, jeung ide antara Eropa, Asia Kulon, Asia Kidul, jeung Asia Wétan
Kadang-kadang katelah ogé Asia Jero, nu aya dina sajeroeun buana nu leuwih gedé nyaéta Erasia
Asia Wétan nyaéta hiji sub-wewengkon di Asia nu bisa didéfinisikeun boh sacara géograpi atawa sacara budaya
Sacara géografis, Asia Wétan ngawengku kurang leuwih 12,000,000 km², atawa 28% tina buana Asia sarta 15% leuwih gedé ti batan aréa Éropa
Leuwih ti 1.5 miliar jalma, kurang leuwih 40% populasi Asia atawa saparapatna jumlah jalma sadunya, nu hirup di Asia Wétan géografis, kurang leuwih dua kalieun "populasi" Eropa
Wewengkon ieu mangrupa salah sahiji tempat pangraména sadunya
Kapadetan populasina 130 per km², tilu kalieun rata-rata sadunya
Sacara budaya, ieu ngawengku masarakat-masarakat anu geus lila jadi bagéan ti Lingkup Budaya Tiongkok: displaying héavy historical influence from the Classical Chinese language (including the traditional Chinese script), This combination of language, political philosophy, and religion (as well as art, architecture, holidays and féstivals, etc.)
overlaps with the géographical designation of éast Asia for the most part, with a few exceptions, such as the overseas Chinese (including those in Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, and the West)
éast Asia and éastern Asia (the latter form preferred by the United Nations) are both more modérn terms for the traditional Européan name the Far East, which describes the region's géographical position in relation to Europe rather than its location within Asia
However, in contrast to the United Nations definition, éast Asia commonly is used to refer to the éastern part of Asia, as the term implies
Other uses of the term East Asia
All the countries in éastern Asia: the countries of Southeast Asia and éastern Siberia
The following political entities are commonly seen as located in géographic éast Asia: The following péoples or societies are commonly seen as being encompassed by cultural éast Asia: Some consider the following countries or regions as part of éast Asia, while others do not
Disagreements hinge on the difference between the cultural and géographic definitions of the term
Political perspective is also an important factor
In descending order in terms of the frequency with which they are described as "East Asian": In infrequent circumstances, the term "East Asia" is purposefully used to include all countries in Southéast Asia, especially when used in dualism with the term "West Asia", the latter of which is then used to include those regions commonly considered West Asia, Central Asia and Southwest Asia
nyaéta kota nu aya di wewengkon Tōnō di Préféktur Gifu, Jepang
Dina 1 Desember, 2004, populasina kurang leuwih 57,731 tur karapetan populasi 114 urang km²
Legana kota ieu nyaéta 504.19 km²
Kota ieu didirikeun dina 1 April, 1954
Dina tanggal 25 Oktober, 2004, opat kota jeung hiji désa nu saméméhna Distrik Ena dihijikeun jadi hiji kota
Kota-kota nu ngahiji nyaéta: Akechi, Iwamura, Kamiyahagi, Kushihara, jeung Yamaoka
nyaéta salah sahiji kota di Préféktur Gifu, Jepang
Kota ieu kawentar ku cinyusu panasna
Kota ieu diresmikeun dina taun 2004 ku ngahijina Hagiwara, Osaka, Gero, Kanayama, jeung Maze
Jinwi-myéon nyaéta hiji "myeon" di Kota Pyeongtaék, Propinsi Gyeonggi, Koréa Kidul
Legana 34.1 km²
Pangeusina 13,680 urang Profil daérah
Jinwi-myéon kabagi jadi 12 bagéan dong-ri (hukum), sarta 36 tong-ri
Jinwi-myéon (振威面, 진위면)
Dina 1 November, 2004, populasina 49,626 tur karapetan populasi 48 urang per km²
Legana nyaéta 1,030.79 km²
Kota ieu diresmikeun dina tanggal 1 Maret, 2004 ku ngahijina kota-kota Hachiman, Yamato, Shirotori, Takasu, Minami, Meihō, jeung Wara
Dina usum panas, sapeupeuting aya pagelaran tari nu narik ati wisatawan
nyaéta salah sahiji kota nu aya di Préféktur Gifu, Jepang
Dina taun 2003, populasina 66,085 tur karapetan populasina 1,232.01 urang per km²
Legana nyaéta 53.64 km²
Kota ieu didirikeun dina tanggal 1 April, 1954
Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) nyaéta hiji grup, nu ngadeg taun 1982, pancenna ngamekarkeun Standar ATSC keur televisi digital di Amerika Sarikat, nu dipaké ogé ku Kanada, Meksiko, Korea Kidul, jeung cikénéh Honduras sarta geus dipikirkeun pikeun dipaké ku nagara-nagara séjénna
Kota ieu diresmikeun dina taun 2004 ku ngahijikeun kota-kota Furukawa, Miyagawa, Kawai, jeung Kamioka
Ngeunaan ngaran resmi
Ngaran resmi Hida dina tulisan Kanji nyaéta "飛驒" lain "飛騨" tapi dina Kanji JIS, teu bisa nembongkuen karakter Kanji Jepang heubeul(upamana 單, bentuk Kanji Jepang heubeulna 単)
Sanggeus ngaresmikeuk Kota Hida, Departemen Dalam Negeri jeung Komunikasi Jepang, ngidinan keur Kota Hida ngagunakeun format kanji kiwari
Dina 1 Nopember, 2004, populasina 148,393 tur kapadetanna 1,691 jiwa per km²
Legana nyaéta 87.77 km²
Kota ieu mimiti didirikeun dina tanggal 1 April, 1963 ku ngahijina Naka, Sohara, Unuma, and Inaba
Dina 1 Nopember, 2004 saméméhna kota Kawashima ngahiji jeung Kota Kakamigahara
nyaéta salah sahiji kota nu lokasina di bagéan kulon-kidul Préféktur Gifu, Jepang
Dina taun 2003, populasina 14,822 tur kapadetanna 335.26 jiwa per km²
Legana nyaéta 44.21 km²
Kota ieu didirikeun dina tanggal 28 Maret, 2005 ku ganti tina Distrik Kaizu ka Kota Kaizu
Tanggal 1 Agustus 2005, populasi kota Kaizu nyaéta 40,976
Legana ieu kota nyaéta 112.31 km², sarua jeung lega Distrik Kaizu
Kota ieu ngawengku ogé Kota Hirata Atraksi
Kaizu nyaéta tempatna Taman Kisosansen
Taman ieu aya di muara walungan Nagara, Ibi, jeung Kiso
Taman ieu tempat nu bagena keur reureuh, olahraga di luar rohangan, atawa nempo féstival kembang nu diayakeun sapanjanga taun
Sabab mangrupa muara tilu walungan, Kaizu baheulana remen katarajang caah
Keur nempo ieu wewengkon, bisa ditempo ti Munara nu aya di Taman Kisosansen
Dina taun 2003, populasina 94,456 tur kapadetanna 1,111.38 jiwa per km²
Legana nyaéta 84.99 km²
Kota ieu didirikeun dina tanggal 1 April, 1982
nyaéta salah sahiji préféktur di Jepang ayana di Wewengkon Tōhoku di beulah kaler Jepang
Ibukotana nyaéta Kota Akita
nyaéta salah sahiji préféktur di Jepang ayana di Wewengkon Tohoku
Ibukotana nyaéta Kota Aomori
Kota Aomori dumasar kana ngaran Basisir Aomori (青森湾; Aomori-wan), nu ku urang Ainu dijelaskeun salaku "basisir gedé" (大湾/アオモイ; Ao-moi)
nyaéta salah sahiji préféktur di Jepang ayana di Wewengkon Metropolitan Tokyo di Pulo Honshū
Ibukotana nyaéta Kota Chiba
""Ehime" redirects here
For the school ship, see Ehime Maru and USS Greeneville collision."
nyaéta salah sahiji préféktur di kulon-kaler Shikoku, Jepang
Ibukotana nyaéta Matsuyama
nyaéta salah sahiji préféktur di Jepang ayana di Wewengkon Chūbu di Pulo Honshū
Ibukotana nyaéta kota Fukui
nyaéta salah sahiji préféktur di Jepang ayana di Wewengkon Tōhoku di Pulo Honshū
Ibukotana nyaéta Kota Fukushima
nyaéta salah sahiji préféktur di Jepang ayana di sisi kulon-kaler Wewengkon Kantō di Pulo Honshū
Ibukotana nyaéta Maebashi
nyaéta salah sahiji préféktur di Jepang ayana di Wewengkon Chūgoku di Pulo Honshū
Ibukotana nyaéta Kota Hiroshima
, saméméhna disebut Ezo, Yezo, Yeso, jeung Yesso, pulo no dua penggedé di Jepang, pangkalerna tina 47 bagean préféktur
Selat Tsugaru misahkeun Hokkaidō ti Pulo Honshū, sanajan kitu ieu dua pulo dihubungkeun ku Torowngan Seikan di handapeun laut
Kota panggedé di Hokkaidō jeung ibukotana nyaéta, Sapporo, nu mangrupa kota metropolitan
nyaéta salah sahiji préféktur di Jepang ayana di Wewengkon Kinki di Pulo Honshū
Ibukotana nyaéta Kobe
Ngaran ieu préféktur saméméhna dieja minangka Hiogo
nyaéta salah sahiji préféktur di Jepang aya di Wewengkon Chūgoku di Pulo Honshū
Ibukotana nyaete Kota Yamaguchi aya di tengah-tengah préféktur: Kota panggedéna, nyaéta Shimonoseki
nyaéta salah sahiji préféktur di Jepang ayana di Wewengkon Tohoku di Pulo Honshū
Ibukotana nyaéta Yamagata
nyaéta salah sahiji préféktur di Jepang aya di Kii Peninsula di wewengkon Kinki di Pulo Honshū
Ibukotana nyaéta Kota Wakayama
nyaéta salah sahiji préféktur di Jepang aya di Wewengkon Chubu di Pulo Honshū
Ibukotana nyaéta Kota Toyama
Toyama mangrupa préféktur nu mingpin dina widang industri di basisir Laut Jepang, sarta mangrupa industri nu hemat listrik
Kasakit Itai-itai kajadian di Toyama sakitar taun 1950
Ibukotana nyaéta Kota Tottori
Préféktur Tottori pangsaeutikna populasi di Jepang
ゐ, dina hiragana, atawa ヰ dina katakana, mangrupa kana Jepang anu teu kaanggo deui
Tiap hurup ngaréprésentasikeun hiji mora
Diperkirakeun yén ゐ ngaréprésentasikeun jeung ゐ ogé い ngindikasikeun panyébatan anu béda nepi diantara jaman Kamakura nepi ka jaman Taishō, yén kaduana miboga sora
Kana ieu teu digunakeun deui mimiti taun 1946, digantikeun ku い jeung イ. Dina penggunaan modérn, kana ieu tos jarang dipaké deui
Dina onomatopoeia jeung kata serapan asing, bentuk katakana ウィ (U-[small-i]) leuwih dipilih
Dina penggunaan modérn, kana ieu digunakeun dina panyébutan Jépang Nikka Whiskey, anu ditulis "ニッカウヰスキー" (nikka uwisukī) jeung ngaran duo komédian Yoiko anu ditulis "よゐこ" (yowiko)
nyaéta salah sahiji préféktur di Jepang aya di Wewengkon Chūbu di Pulo Honshū
Ibukotana nyaéta Kota Shizuoka
Ibukotana nyaéta Kota Nagano
nyaéta salah sahiji préféktur di Jepang bagéan ti wewengkon Kinki di Pulo Honshū
Ibukotana nyaéta Kota Tsu
Ibukotana nyaéta Kota Otsu
Populasi nasional: 127,708,050
Catetan: ¹ as of 1 Oktober, 2003
"" nyaéta salah sahiji kota di bagéan tengah Pulo Honshū, Jepang
Populasi ampir 1.5 juta
saméméhna ngarupkeun ibukota Jepang, kiwari jadi ibukota Préféktur Kyoto, tur bagéan ti wewengkon metropolitan Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto
nyaéta salah sahiji préféktur di Jepang aya di Pulo Kyūshū
Ibukotana nyaéta Kota Nagasaki
nyaéta salah sahiji prréféktur di Jepang aya di Wewengkon Tohoku di Pulo Honshū
Ibukotana nyaéta Sendai
Ibukotana nyaéta Kota Miyazaki
nyaéta salah sahiji préféktur di wewengkon Kinki di Pulo Honshū, Jepang
Ibukotana nyaéta Kota Nara
nyaéta salah sahiji préféktur di Jepang aya di Pulo Honshū di basisir Laut Jepang
Ibukotana nyaéta Kota Niigata
Ngaran Niigata hartina "Laguna Anyar"
Ibukotana nyaéta Kota Ōita
Ibukotana nyaéta Kota Okayama
nyaéta préféktur pangidulna di Jepang, tur mangrupa saratus Kapuloan Ryukyu siga rante sapanjang 1,000 km, nu ngajajar ti kiduleun Kyūshū (pulo utama nomer opat di Jepang beulah kidul-kulon) nepi Taiwan
Ibukota Okinawa nyaéta, Naha, aya di bagéan kidul pulo panggedéna tur panglobana populasina, Pulo Okinawa, nu ampir tengah-tengah antara Kyūshū jeung Taiwan
Kapuloan Senkaku nu kapisah (Basa Cina: Kapuloan Diaoyu) sacara adminitasi kaasup bagéan Préféktur Okinawa dina mangsa kiwari
nyaéta salah sahiji préféktur nu aya di Wewengkon Kinki di Honshū, pulo utama Jepang
Ibukotana nyaéta Kota Osaka
Préféktur Osaka mangrupa pusat wewengkon Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto
aya di beulah kulon-kaler di Pulo Kyūshū, Jepang
Kawates ku Laut Jepang jeung Laut Ariake
Beulah kulon préféktur nyaéta wewengkon nu kawentar ngahasilkeun keramik jeung porselen, sabagéan ti Kacamatan Karatsu, Imari, and Arita
Ibukotana nyaéta Kota Saga
nyaéta salah sahiji préféktur di Jepang aya di Pulo Honshū
Ibukotana nyaéta Kota Saitama
Préféktur ieu mangrupa bagéan ti Wewengkon Metropolitan Tokyo, tur lolobana warga Saitama bisa disebutkeun minangka sub urban Tokyo, nu lawar liwat pagaliwota unggal poe
Ibukotana nyaéta Matsue
Populasina nomer dua pangsaeutikna, saluhureun Préféktur Tottori tatangga préféktur di beulah wetanna
Ieu Préféktur manjang ti wetan ka kulon nyanghareupan di beulah kiduleunna sarta Laut Jepang di béh kalerna
Kota-kotana lolobana sapanjang basisir Laut Jepang
Di dinya aya Izumo Taisha di Kota Izumo, nu mangrupa salah sahiji Kuil Shinto pangkolotna di Jepang
Kapuloan Oki di Laut Jepang ogé bagéan ti Préféktur Shimane, nu diaku ogé ku Koréa Kidul-dikontrol ti pulo Liancourt Rocks ("Takeshima")
nyaéta salah sahiji préféktur nu aya di Wewengkon Kantō di Pulo Honshū, Jepang.Ibukotana nyaéta Kota Utsunomiya
Utsunomiya kawentar ku raosna gyoza di toko husus
Di Utsunomiya, Préféktur Tochigi aya supermall pangbadagna di Wewengkon Kantō Kaler, Bell Mall
Nikkō, nyaéta Kuil Shinto jeung kuil Buddhist ku UNESCO geus diaku minangka Tempat Titilar Dunya, aya di ieu préféktur
Nikkō kurang leuwih sajam maké kareta ti Tokyo
Tempat nu kawentar séjénna nyaéta Nasu tempat cinyusu panas jeung sake tradisional jeung tempat ski
Kulawarga Kaisar ngabogaan tempat reureuh di Nasu
Nasu Shiobara nyaéta stasion utama Shinkansen
Tempat onsen séjénna nyaéta Kinugawa
nyaéta salah sahiji préféktur di Jepang aya di Pulo Shikoku island
Ibukotana nyaéta Kota Tokushima
nyaéta jaringan karéta gancang di Jepang nu dioperasikeun ku opat pausahaan Grup Karéta api Jepang
Mimitina nyaéta Tōkaidō Shinkansen dibuka dina taun 1964 lumpatna 210 km/jam (130 mpj), jaringana (2,388 km atawa 1,483 mil) dilegaan di kota-kota utama Jepang di Pulo Honshū jeung Kyūshū nu lumpatna leuwih ti 300 km/jam (188 mph), dina kaayaan taya lini jeung angin topan
Uji lumpat geus nepi ka 443 km/jam (275 mph) keur karéta konvénsional dina taun 1996, sarta nepi ka rekor dunya 581 km/jam (361 mpj) keur karéta persani maglév, dina taun 2003
Runtuyan jalur Shinkansen
Jalur utama Shinkansen nyaéta: Mini-Shinkansen Runtuyan model karéta Shinkansen
Karéta bisa disusun nepi ka 16 gerbong
Unggal gerbong panjangna 25 m (82 suku), karéta pangpanjangna 400 m (1/4 mile) ti hareup nepi ka tukang
Panjang stasiona ogé kudu bisa nampung ieu kareta
Karéta maglev Jepang "dianggap" Shinkansen
nyaéta salah sahiji préféktur di Jepang ayana di Wewengkon Kantō di Pulo Honshū
Ibukotana nyaéta Mito
Ibukotana nyaéta Kanazawa
Ishikawa diwangun ku ngahijina Kaga Province jeung Noto Province
Ishikawa aya di basisir Laut Jepang
Bagéan kaler préféktur mangarupa Noto Peninsula nu sempit, sedengkeun beulah kidul leuwih lega jeung mangrupa pagunungan, nu ibu kota préféktur, Kanazawa, aya di daerah basisir
Préféktur ogé mibanda sababaraha pulo, kaasup Notojima, Mitsukejima, Hegurajima
Sapuluh kota nu aya di Préféktur Ishikawa: Kacamatan jeung desa
Kacamatan jeung désa di unggal distrik:
nyaéta salah sahiji préféktur di Jepang aya di Wewengkon Tohoku di Pulo Honshū
Ibukotana nyaéta Morioka
nyaéta salah sahiji préféktur di Jepang aya di Pulo Shikoku
Ibukotana nyaéta Takamatsu
Ibukotana nyaéta Kota Kagoshima
nyaéta salah sahiji préféktur ayana di beulah kidul Wewengkon Kantō di Pulo Honshū, Jepang
Ibukotana nyaéta Yokohama
Kanagawa bagéan tina Wewengkon Megapolitan Tokyo
nyaéta salah sahiji préféktur di Jepang aya di basisir kidul Pulo Shikoku
Ibukotana nyaéta Kota Kōchi
Ibukotana nyaéta Kota Kumamoto
Jepang sacara resmi geus teu ngagunakeun sistim federal tradisional, sarta kabagi kana 47 préféktur nu gumantung kana kawijakan pamaréntah pusat keur sistim biayana
Gubernur préféktur, walikota, sarta anggota dewan perwakilan préféktur jeung kota dipilih unggal opat taun
Administrative divisions of Japan
Vanderbilt University nyaéta hiji universitas risét swasta di Nashville, Tennessee, AS
Universitas ieu diadegkeun dina taun 1873, sarta dibéré ngaran anu sarua jeung pangusaha angkutan laut sarta kareta api "Commodore" Cornelius Vanderbilt, anu nyumbang sajuta USD pikeun ngadegkeun ieu universitas
Vanderbilt ngaharepkeun yén sumbangan ti manéhna sarta pangwangunan universitas bakal mantuan nyageurkeun kapeurih haté akibat Perang Sipil
Kiwari, Vanderbilt kasusun ku opat sakola sarjana muda sarta genep sakola sarjana, anu nampung kira-kira 11,600 mahasiswa ti 50 nagara bagian AS jeung leuwih ti 50 nagara deungeun
Pikeun taun 2008, "U.S. News &amp; World Report" nempatkeun Vanderbilt dina "ranking" 19, sarta nempatkeun sakola atikan, hukum, kadokteran, jeung kaparawatan salaku "top 20" di Amerika Sarikat
Universitas ieu ogé mangrupa "top 25" panarima waragad "risét" "féderal"
Aya ogé sababaraha lembaga risét anu ngalakukeun gawé bareng jeung universitas, di antarana Freedom Forum First Amendment Center, Dyer Observatory, sarta Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), hiji-hijina puseur pangobatan trauma Tingkat I di Tennessee Tengah
With the exception of the off-campus observatory, all of Vanderbilt's facilities are situated on a plot in the héart of Nashville only from downtown
Despite its urban surroundings, the campus itself is a national arboretum and féatures over 300 species of trees and shrubs
Tucked among the trees, however, is an institution that continues to grow
As part of its transition to a residential college system, Vanderbilt is créating a new living aréa for freshmen, called The Commons, that will comprise 10 new or newly-renovated residence halls
The Commons is expected to open in the fall of 2008, at a cost of over USD$150 million
In the yéars prior to the American Civil War, the Methodist Episcopal Church, South had been considering créating a regional university for the training of ministers located centrally for the congregations of the church
Through the lobbying of Nashville bishop Holland McTyeire, church léaders voted in 1872 to créate "Central University" in Nashville
However, lack of funds and the war-ravaged state of the South delayed the opening of the college
The following yéar, on a medical trip to New York City, McTyeire stayed at the residence of Cornelius Vanderbilt, whose second wife was the cousin of McTyeire's wife
Vanderbilt, the wéalthiest man in America at the time, had been considering philanthropic causes as he was at an advanced age
His original plan was to establish a university on Staten Island, New York, in honor of his mother
McTyeire, however, successfully convinced him to donate USD$500,000 to endow Central University in order to "contribute to strengthening the ties which should exist between all sections of our common country."
The endowment (later incréased to USD$1 million) would be Vanderbilt's only philanthropy
Though the Commodore never expressed any desire to have the university named after himself, McTyeire and his fellow trustees soon rechristened the school as "the Vanderbilt University."
Vanderbilt died in 1877 having never even visited the school named after him
In the fall of 1875, about 200 students enrolled at Vanderbilt; the university was dedicated in October of that yéar
Bishop McTyeire, who had been named chairman of the Board of Trust for life by Vanderbilt as a stipulation of his endowment, named Landon Garland, his mentor from Randolph-Macon College in Virginia and then-Chancellor of the University of Mississippi, as chancellor
Garland shaped the school's structure and hired the school's faculty, many of whom were renowned scholars in their respective fields
However, most of this crop of star faculty left after disputes with Bishop McTyeire
For the first 40 yéars, the Board of Trust (and therefore the university itself) was under the control of the General Conference (the governing body) of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South
However, tensions began rising between the university administration and the Conference over the future of the school, particularly over the methods by which members of the Vanderbilt Board of Trust would be chosen
Conflicts escalated with the appointment of James Kirkland as chancellor in 1893
The final straw, at léast in the mind of Kirkland, was a failed campaign to raise USD$300,000 from Southern Methodist congregations (only $50,000 was raised)
Further disputes between the bishops and Kirkland, which erupted into litigation in 1912, led the Methodist conference to sever all ties with Vanderbilt University in June 1914
Vanderbilt enjoyed éarly intellectual influence during the 1920s and 1930s when it hosted two partly overlapping groups of scholars who had a large impact on American thought and letters: the Fugitives and the Agrarians
During the same period, Ernest William Goodpasture and his colleagues in the Medical School invented methods for cultivating viruses and rickettsiae in fertilized chicken eggs
This work made possible the production of vaccines against chicken pox, smallpox, yellow fever, typhus, Rocky mountain spotted fever and other diséases caused by agents that only propagate in living cells
In the late 1950s, the Vanderbilt Divinity School became something of a hotbed of the emerging Civil Rights movement, and the university expelled one of its léaders, James Lawson
Much later, in 2005, he was made a Distinguished Alumnus for his achievements and re-hired as a Distinguished University Professor for the 2006-07 academic yéar
As with Lawson, the university drew national attention in 1966, when it recruited the first African American athlete in the Southéastern Conference, Perry Wallace
Wallace, from Nashville, played varsity basketball for Vanderbilt from 1967-1970, and faced considerable opposition from segregationists when playing at other SEC venues
In 2004, a student-led drive to have Wallace's jersey retired finally succeeded
Harold Vanderbilt was présidént of the Board of Trust between 1955 and 1968 when racial integration was a very prominent topic at the school
Today a statue of him in front of Buttrick Hall memorializes his efforts
In 1966, Oberlin Graduate School of Théology moved from Ohio to Nashville, in order to merge with the Vanderbilt Divinity School
In 1979, Vanderbilt absorbed its neighbor, Peabody College
History, race, and civil rights issues again came to the fore on the campus in 2002, when the university decided to rename a dormitory on the Péabody campus, Confederate Memorial Hall, to Memorial Hall
Nationwide attention resulted, in part due to a lawsuit by the Tennessee chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, who had helped pay for the building's construction in 1933 with a $50,000 contribution
The Davidson County Chancery Court dismissed the lawsuit in 2003, but the Tennessee Court of Appéals ruled in May 2005 that the university would have to pay damages based on the present value of the United Daughters of the Confederacy's contribution if an inscription béaring the name "Confederate Memorial Hall" were to be removed from the building or altered
In late July 2005, the university announced that although it has officially renamed the building and all university publications and offices will refer to it solely as "Memorial Hall," the university would neither appéal the matter further nor remove the inscription and pay damages
Vanderbilt University, as a private corporation, is wholly governed by an independent, self-perpetuating Board of Trust
The board comprises 45 regular members (plus any number of trustees emeriti) and the chancellor, the university's chief executive officer
éach trustee serves a five-yéar term (except for four recently-graduated undergraduates, who serve four-yéar terms)
A complete, up-to-date listing of the members of the Board of Trust can be found here
Martha Rivers Ingram is the board's current chairman
Nicholas S. Zeppos currently serves as interim chancellor of Vanderbilt University
He was appointed to replace the departing Gordon Gee who left to assume the présidéncy of Ohio State University on August 1, 2007
Gee had been appointed chancellor by the Board of Trust in February 2000
Prior to this appointment, he was the présidént of Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island
Controversy arose in 2006 over Gee's spending during his tenure at Vanderbilt, including the over $6 million spent on remodéling his university-owned house
An article in "The Wall Street Journal" in September of that yéar criticizing the spending of college and university executives used Gee and Vanderbilt as an example of the lax oversight common to higher education
The article also revéaled that Gee's wife, a tenured professor, smoked marijuana in their home
The Board of Trust has since established a committee to monitor more closely Gee's spending
Since the opening of the university in 1875, only six other individuals have served as chancellor
Landon Garland was the university's first chancellor, serving from 1875 to 1893
Garland organized the university and hired its first faculty
Garland Hall, an academic building on campus, is named in his honor
The next chancellor was James H. Kirkland—serving from 1893 to 1937, he had the longest tenure of any Vanderbilt chancellor
He was responsible for severing the university's ties with the Methodist church and relocating the medical school to the main campus
Vanderbilt's Main Building was renamed Kirkland Hall after Kirkland left in 1937
The longest-tenured chancellor was followed by the second shortest-tenured
Oliver Carmichael served Vanderbilt for just 9 yéars, 1937 to 1946
Carmichael developed the graduate school, and established the Joint University Libraries for Vanderbilt, Péabody, and Scarritt College
Carmichael Towers, a set of high-rise dormitories on the northern edge of campus, were named for Chancellor Carmichael
Carmichael's successor was Harvie Branscomb
Branscomb presided over a period of major growth and improvement at the university that lasted from 1946 until 1963
He was responsible for opening the admissions policy to all races
Branscomb Quadrangle is a residence hall complex named for the chancellor
Alexander Heard, for whom the campus library system is named, served as chancellor from 1963 to 1982
During his twenty-yéar tenure, the Owen Graduate School of Management was founded, and Vanderbilt's merger with Péabody College was negotiated
He also survived calls for his ouster because of his accommodating stance on desegregation
Joe B. Wyatt was the chancellor who served immediately before Gee, from 1982 until 2000
Wyatt oversaw a gréat incréase in the university's endowment, an incréase in student diversity, and the renovation of many campus buildings
The Wyatt Center on Péabody's campus is named for Wyatt and his wife
The Vanderbilt University Medical Center is a vital component of the university and is the only Level I Trauma Center in Middle Tennessee
VUMC comprises the following units: With over 20,500 employees (including 2,689 full-time faculty), Vanderbilt is the largest private employer in Middle Tennessee and the second largest in the state (after FedEx, héadquartered in Memphis)
Approximately 74% of the university's faculty and staff are employed by the Medical Center
In 2003, the medical center was placed on the Honor Roll of "U.S. News &amp; World Report"'s annual rating of the nation's best hospitals, and 17 of the faculty were members of one of the National Academies
In 2004, the university reported that 24.1% of non-Medical Center faculty were women, while 14.4% were of a racial or ethnic minority
Students and faculty
As of December 2006, Vanderbilt had an enrollment of 6,378 undergraduate and 5,229 graduate and professional students
Students from all 50 states and more than 50 countries attend Vanderbilt, with 54% of the total student body coming from outside the Southéast; 8% of students are from outside the United States
Moréover, 24% of the undergraduate class of 2010 was non-Caucasian, while roughly half were women
Vanderbilt offers undergraduates the chance to pursue 70 majors in its four undergraduate schools and colleges: the College of Arts and Science, the School of Engineering, Péabody College of Education and Human Development, and Blair School of Music
The university also has six graduate and professional schools, including the Divinity School, Graduate School, Law School, School of Medicine, School of Nursing, and Owen Graduate School of Management
The university's undergraduate programs are highly selective: in 2006, the Office of Undergraduate Admissions accepted 34% of applicants
In its most recent annual comparison of admissions selectivity, "The Princeton Review" gave Vanderbilt a rating of 97 out of 99
The freshmen in the Class of 2010 had standardized test scores that were well above average: the middle 50% range of SAT scores was 1930–2190 (1300–1470 under the old scale), while the middle 50% range of ACT scores was 29–32
As with any large reséarch institution, Vanderbilt investigators work in a broad range of disciplines, and the university is among the top 25 recipients of federal reséarch dollars
However, among its more unusual activities, the university has institutes devoted to the study of coffee and of bridge
Indeed, the modérn form of the latter was developed by Harold Stirling Vanderbilt, a former présidént of the university's Board of Trust and a gréat-grandson of the Commodore
In addition, in mid-2004 it was announced that Vanderbilt's chemical biology reséarch may have serendipitously opened the door to the breeding of a blue rose, something that has long been coveted by horticulturalists and rose lovers
Vanderbilt's reséarch record is blemished, however, by a study university reséarchers, in conjunction with the Tennessee Department of Héalth, conducted on iron metabolism during pregnancy in the 1940s
Between 1945 and 1949, over 800 pregnant women were given radioactive iron
Standards of informed consent for reséarch subjects were not rigorously enforced at that time, and many of the women were not informed of the potential risks
The injections were later suspected to have caused cancer in at léast three of the children who were born to these mothers
In 1998, the university settled a class action lawsuit with the mothers and surviving children for $10.3 million
"Exploration " is the university's online reséarch magazine
It publishes multimedia stories that explain campus reséarch projects ranging from archeology to zoology, probe the motives of the explorers that perform these studies, and describe the experiences of Vanderbilt students who become involved in scientific reséarch
Vanderbilt undergraduates also publish a journal of original research
Vanderbilt is a member of the Oak Ridge Associated Universities and the Universities Space Research Association
In its 2008 edition, "U.S. News &amp; World Report" placed Vanderbilt at 19th, tied with the University of Notre Dame, in its ranking of national universities
In the same publication's 2007 graduate program rankings, Péabody College was listed at 3rd among schools of education, the Vanderbilt Law School was listed at 16th, the School of Medicine was listed at 18th among reséarch-oriented medical schools, the School of Nursing was listed at 19th, and the Owen Graduate School of Management was listed at 34th among business schools
Additionally, Vanderbilt is ranked 1st in the nation in the fields of special education and audiology
In "The Times Higher Education Supplement 2006", Vanderbilt is ranked 26th in North America and 53rd worldwide
The 2007 Faculty Scholarly Productivity Index, a méasure of the scholarly output of the faculty of néarly 7,300 doctoral programs around the United States, ranked Vanderbilt 8th among large reséarch universities, and 1st in the aréas of comparative literature, educational leadership, pharmacology, Portuguese, Spanish, and special education
"The Wall Street Journal" ranked Owen second among "smaller" business schools in 2004
The Vanderbilt campus is located approximately west of downtown in the West End neighborhood of midtown Nashville
It has an aréa of , though this figure includes large tracts of sparsely used land in the southwest part of the main campus, as well as the Medical Center
The historical core of campus encompasses approximately
The Vanderbilt campus is roughly fan-shaped (with the point at the corner of West End and 21st Avenues) and reflects the university's gradual expansion to the south and to the west
The campus is fairly compact, however, and the farthest distance on campus takes about 25 minutes to walk
The oldest part of the Vanderbilt campus is known for its abundance of trees and green space, which stand in contrast to the surrounding cityscape of urban Nashville
The campus was designated as a national arboretum in 1988 by the Association of Botanical Gardens and Arboreta, and over 300 species of trees and shrubs can be found on campus, including one of every species of tree that is indigenous to the state of Tennessee
One tree, the Bicentennial Oak between Rand Hall and Garland Hall, is certified to have lived during the American Revolution and is the oldest living thing on the campus
In the northéast corner of the campus (the "base" of the fan) is the original campus
The first college buildings, including Kirkland Hall, were erected here in the 1870s, 1880s, and 1890s
This section stretches from West End Avenue south to the Stevenson Center and west from 21st Avenue to Alumni Lawn
The majority of the buildings of the arts and humanities departments of the College of Arts and Science, as well as the facilities of the Law School, Owen Graduate School of Management, and the Divinity School, are located in the original campus
Additionally, the Héard Central Library and Sarratt Student Center/Rand Hall can be found on the original campus
Flanking the original campus to the south are the Stevenson Center for Science and Mathematics and the School of Engineering complex (Jacobs Hall-Féatheringill Hall)
Housing the Science Library, the School of Engineering, and all the science and math departments of the College of Arts and Science, save for psychology, this complex sits between the original campus and the Medical Center
The Vanderbilt University Medical Center itself takes up the southéastern part of the campus
Besides the various associated hospitals and clinics and the facilities of the Schools of Medicine and Nursing, the medical center also houses many major reséarch facilities
West of the original campus and the Medical Center, Greek Row and the bulk of the Vanderbilt residence halls are found
From north to south, Carmichael Towers, Greek Row, Branscomb Quadrangle, and Highland Quadrangle house the vast majority of on-campus residents in facilities ranging from the double-occupancy shared-bathroom dorms in Branscomb and Towers to the apartments and lodges in Highland Quadrangle