izzako/sundanese-pixelgpt huggingface dataset:
When an interim standard becomes an American National Standard, the IS designator is dropped
The ANSI designation of IS-54 is ANSI/TIA/EIA-627, but this standard is still popularly referred to as IS-54
IS-54 maintains compatibility with Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) in many ways
It is a digital extension of AMPS and so it is also quite widely known as Digital AMPS (D-AMPS)
Another name for IS-54 is United States Digital Cellular (USDC)
But sometimes D-AMPS and USDC also refers to the other prominent interim standard IS-136
The evolution of mobile communication has been almost wholly in 3 different géographic regions
The standards that were born in these regions were quite independent
The 3 regions are North America, Europe and Japan
The éarlier mobile or wireless technologies were wholly analog and are collectively known as 1st Generation (1G) technologies
In Japan, the 1G standards were Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) and the high capacity version of it (Hicap)
The Européan systems were not common and the ‘European Union’ viewpoint that is visible in the later technologies was absent
Various 1G standards that were in use in Europe include C-Netz (in Germany and Austria), Comviq (in Sweden), Nordic Mobile Telephones/450 (NMT450) and NMT900 (both in Nordic countries), NMT-F (French version of NMT900), Radiocom 2000 (RC2000) (in France), and Total Access Communication System(TACS) (in the United Kingdom)
North American standards were Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) and Narrow-band AMPS (N-AMPS)
Out of the 1G standards, the most successful was the AMPS system
Despite the Nordic countries' cooperation, Européan engineering efforts were divided among the various standards, and the Japanese standards didn’t get much attention
Developed by Bell Labs in the 1970s and first used commercially in the United States in 1983, AMPS operates in the 800 MHz band in the United States and is the most widely distributed analog cellular standard
(The 1900 MHz PCS band, established in 1994, is for digital operation only.)
The success of AMPS kick-started the mobile age in the North America
The market showed an incréasing demand because it had higher capacity and mobility than the then existing mobile communication standards
For instance, the Bell Labs system in the 1970s could carry only 12 calls at a time throughout all of New York City
AMPS used Frequency Division Multiple Access FDMA which méant éach cell site would transmit on different frequencies, allowing many cell sites to be built néar éach other
However, AMPS had many disadvantages too
Primarily, it didn’t have the potential to support the incréasing demand for mobile communication usage
éach cell site did not have much capacity for carrying higher numbers of calls
It also had a poor security system which allowed péople to stéal a phone's serial code to use for making illegal calls
All of these triggered the séarch for a more capable system
The quest resulted in IS-54, the first American 2G standard
In March 1990, the North American cellular network incorporated the IS-54B standard, the first North American dual mode digital cellular standard
This standard won over Motorola's Narrowband AMPS or N-AMPS, an analog scheme that incréased capacity by cutting down voice channels from 30 kHz to 10 kHz
IS-54, on the other hand, incréased capacity by digital méans using TDMA protocols
This method separates calls by time, placing parts of individual conversations on the same frequency, one after the next
TDMA tripled call capacity
Using IS-54, a cellular carrier could convert any of its system's analog voice channels to digital
A dual mode phone uses digital channels where available and defaults to regular AMPS where they are not
IS-54 was, in fact, backward compatible with analog cellular and indeed co-exists on the same radio channels as AMPS
No analog customers were left behind; they simply couldn't access IS-54's new féatures
IS-54 also supported authentication, a help in preventing fraud
IS-54 employs the same 30 kHz channel spacing and frequency bands (824-849 and 869-894 MHz) as AMPS
Capacity was incréased over the preceding analog design by dividing éach 30 kHz channel pair into three time slots and digitally compressing the voice data, yielding three times the call capacity in a single cell
A digital system also made calls more secure because analog scanners could not access digital signals
The IS-54 standard specifies 84 control channels, 42 of which are shared with AMPS
To maintain compatibility with the existing AMPS cellular telephone system, the primary forward and reverse control channels in IS-54 cellular systems use the same signaling techniques and modulation scheme (binary FSK) as AMPS
An AMPS/IS-54 infrastructure can support use of either analog AMPS phones or D-AMPS phones
The access method used for IS-54 is Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), which was the first U.S. digital standard to be developed
It was adopted by the TIA in 1992
TDMA subdivides éach of the 30 kHz AMPS channels into 3 full-rate TDMA channels, éach of which is capable of supporting a single voice call
Later, éach of these full-rate channels was further sub-divided into two half-rate channels, éach of which, with the necessary coding and compression, could also support a voice call
Thus, TDMA could provide 3 to 6 times the capacity of AMPS traffic channels
Time Division Multiple Access or TDMA was initially defined by the IS-54 standard and is now specified in the IS-13x series of specifications of the EIA/TIA
The channel transmission bit rate for digitally modulating the carrier is 48.6 kbit/s
éach frame has six time slots of 6.67-ms duration
éach time slot carries 324 bits of information, of which 260 bits are for the 13-kbit/s full-rate traffic data
The other 64 bits are overhéad; 28 of these are for synchronization, and they contain a specific bit sequence known by all receivers to establish frame alignment
Also, as with GSM, the known sequence acts as a training pattern to initialize an adaptive equalizer
The IS-54 system has different synchronization sequences for éach of the six time slots making up the frame, thereby allowing éach receiver to synchronize to its own préassigned time slots
An additional 12 bits in every time slot are for the SACCH (i.e., system control information)
The digital verification color code (DVCC) is the equivalent of the supervisory audio tone used in the AMPS system
There are 256 different 8-bit color codes, which are protected by a (12, 8, 3) Hamming code
éach base station has its own préassigned color code, so any incoming interfering signals from distant cells can be ignored
The modulation scheme for IS-54 is 7C/4 differential quaternary phase shift keying (DQPSK), otherwise known as differential 7t/4 4-PSK or π/4 DQPSK
This technique allows a bit rate of 48.6 kbit/s with 30 kHz channel spacing, to give a bandwidth efficiency of 1.62 bit/s/Hz
This value is 20% better than GSM
The major disadvantage with this type of linéar modulation method is the power inefficiency, which translates into a héavier hand-held portable and, even more inconvenient, a shorter time between battery recharges
IS-54 security féatures is also a matter of interest as it was the first standard to specify some security méasures
IS-54 uses the CAVE (Cellular Authentication, Voice Privacy and Encryption) algorithm for authentication and the CMéa (Cellular Message Encryption Algorithm) for encryption
The technical specifications can be summarized as below: Call processing
A conversation's data bits makes up the DATA field
Six slots maké up a complete IS-54 frame
DATA in slots 1 and 4, 2 and 5, and 3 and 6 maké up a voice circuit
DVCC stands for digital verification color code, arcane terminology for a unique 8-bit code value assigned to éach cell
G méans guard time, the period between éach time slot
RSVD stands for reserved
SYNC represents synchronization, a critical TDMA data field
éach slot in every frame must be synchronized against all others and a master clock for everything to work
Time slots for the mobile-to-base direction are constructed differently from the base-to-mobile direction
They essentially carry the same information but are arranged differently
Notice that the mobile-to-base direction has a 6-bit ramp time to enable its transmitter time to get up to full power, and a 6-bit guard band during which nothing is transmitted
These 12 extra bits in the base-to-mobile direction are reserved for future use
Once a call comes in the mobile switches to a different pair of frequencies; a voice radio channel which the system carrier has made analog or digital
This pair carries the call
If an IS-54 signal is detected it gets assigned a digital traffic channel if one is available
The fast associated channel or FACCH performs handoffs during the call, with no need for the mobile to go back to the control channel
In case of high noise FACCH, embedded within the digital traffic channel overrides the voice payload, degrading speech quality to convey control information
The purpose is to maintain connectivity
The slow associated control channel or SACCH does not perform handoffs but conveys things like signal strength information to the base station
The IS-54 speech coder uses the technique called vector sum excited linear prediction (VSELP) coding
This is a special type of speech coder within a large class known as code-excited linear prediction (CELP) coders
The speech coding rate of 7.95 kbit/s achieves a reconstructed speech quality similar to that of the analog AMPS system using frequency modulation
The 7.95-kbit/s signal is then passed through a channel coder that loads the bit rate up to 13 kbit/s
The new half-rate coding standard reduces the overall bit rate for éach call to 6.5 kbit/s, and should provide comparable quality to the 13-kbit/s rate
This half-rate gives a channel capacity six times that of analog AMPS
The discussion of a communication system won’t be complete without the explanation of a system example
A dual-mode cellular phone as specified by the IS-54 standard is explained
A dual-mode phone is capable of operating in an analog-only cell or a dual-mode cell
Both the transmitter and the receiver support both analog FM and digital time division multiple access (TDMA) schemes
Digital transmission is preferred, so when a cellular system has digital capability, the mobile unit is assigned a digital channel first
If no digital channels are available, the cellular system will assign an analog channel
The transmitter converts the audio signal to a radio frequency (RF), and the receiver converts an RF signal to an audio signal
The antenna focuses and converts RF energy for reception and transmission into free space
The control panel serves as an input/output mechanism for the end user; it supports a keypad, a display, a microphone, and a spéaker
The coordinator synchronizes the transmission and receives functions of the mobile unit
A dual-mode cellular phone consists of the following: Successor technologies
By 1993 American cellular was again running out of capacity, despite a wide movement to IS-54
The American cellular business continued booming
Subscribers grew from one and a half million customers in 1988 to more than thirteen million subscribers in 1993
Room existed for other technologies to cater to the growing market
The technologies that followed IS-54 stuck to the digital backbone laid down by it
A pragmatic effort was launched to improve IS-54 that eventually added an extra channel to the IS-54 hybrid design
Unlike IS-54, IS-136 utilizes time division multiplexing for both voice and control channel transmissions
Digital control channel allows residential and in-building coverage, dramatically incréased battery standby time, several messaging applications, over the air activation and expanded data applications
IS-136 systems needed to support millions of AMPS phones, most of which were designed and manufactured before IS-54 and IS-136 were considered
IS-136 added a number of féatures to the original IS-54 specification, including text messaging, circuit switched data (CSD), and an improved compression protocol
IS-136 TDMA traffic channels use π/4-DQPSK modulation at a 24.3-kbaud channel rate and gives an effective 48.6 kbit/s data rate across the six time slots comprising one frame in the 30 kHz channel
Sunset for D-AMPS in the US and Canada
AT&amp;T, the largest US carrier to support D-AMPS (which it refers to as "TDMA"), had turned down its existing network in order to reléase the spectrum to its GSM and UMTS platforms in 19 wireless markets, which started on May 30, 2007, with other aréas that followed in June and July
The TDMA network in these markets operated on the 1900 MHz frequency and did not coexist with an AMPS network
Service on the remaining 850 MHz TDMA markets was discontinued along with AMPS service on February 18, 2008, except for in aréas where service was provided by Dobson Communications
The Dobson TDMA and AMPS network is expected to be shut down by March of 2008
On May 31, 2007 Rogers Wireless decommissioned its D-AMPS and AMPS networks and moved the remaining customers on these older networks onto its GSM network
AMPS, singketan tina kecap-kecap basa Inggris Advanced Mobile Phone System nyaéta standar sistem telepon mobil analog anu dimekarkeun ku Bell Labs, sarta sacara resmi diwanohkeun di buana Amérika dina taun 1983
AMPS mangrupa téknologi sélulér generasi munggaran (1G) nu ngagunakeun frékuénsi atawa kanal nu béda pikeun tiap panelepon (tempo FDMA)
Temahna, ieu téknologi merlukeun rubakpita nu lega
Sacara umum, AMPS sarupa pisan jeung "0G" nu leuwih ti heula, ngan baé ngagunakeun daya komputasi nu leuwih loba pikeun milih frékuénsi, pikeun "hand off" ka nomer-nomer sambungan PSTN, sarta pikeun ngatur tagihan jeung call setup
Nu ngabédakeun AMPS ti téknologi lianna nu leuwih kolot nyaéta ayana "back end" "call setup functionality"
Dina AMPS, puseur-puseur sél bisa sacara fléksibel méré kanal kana "handset" dumasar kana kuatna sinyal nu dipancarkeun ku "handset", temahna frékuénsi nu sarua bisa digunakeun deui di patempatan lianna tanpa ngakibatkeun gangguan
Tumerapna, AMPS bisa ngaladénan réa nomer langganan dina wilayah tinangtu
AMPS jadi panaratas istilah "sélulér" lantaran ieu téknologi nu munggaran ngagunakeun sél-sél héksagonal nu leutik dina sahiji sistem
Aya sawatara kakurang AMPS lamun dibandingkeun jeung téknologi digital kiwari
Lantaran ieu téknologi sifatna analog, AMPS uduh pisan ku gangguan statik jeung nois sarta teu boga panyalindungan tina panyadap (basa Indonésia: penyadap) sora nu ngagunakeun scanner
Dina taun 1990-an, "cloning" mangrupa panyakit épidemik nu ngarugikeun industri télékomunikasi trilyunan dolar
Panyadap nu teu jujur ieu kalayan ngagunakeun alat husus bisa nyadap nomer seri éléktronik (ESN) dina jero "handset"
ESN téh mangrupa pakét data nu dikirim ku "handset" ka koropak langganan dina sistem sélulér nu dimaksudkeun pikeun ngumpulkeun data tagihan
Sistem sélulér satuluyna ngabeunangkeun atawa ngalarang pamaké "handset" pikeun nelepon atawa ngagunakeun fitur tinangtu dumasar kana koropak langganan kasebut
Lamun ESN disadap, mangka nomer kasebut bisa ditiron (di-cloning) ku telepon lianna sarta digunakeun di daérah lian pikeun nelepon tanpa mayar
Sanajan "cloning" masih bisa dilakukeun kiwari dina jaman téknologi digital, saeutik pisan untungna antukna masalah ieu leungit sorangan
Kiwari AMPS geus kasilih ku standar digital nu leuwih anyar saperti D-AMPS, GSM, jeung CDMA2000 nu nawarkeun kaamanan nu leuwih hadé sarta kamampuh nu leuwih gedé
Layanan télékomunikasi sélulér AMPS dijalankeun dina pita frékuénsi 800 MHz
Anatomi unggal kanal diwangun ku dua frékuénsi, nyaéta frékuénsi "downlink" ti base station jeung frékuénsi "uplink" ti "handset"
416 frékuénsi "uplink" dina pita 824–849 MHz digunakeun pikeun ngirimkeun sora ti "handset" ka base station, papasangan jeung 416 frékuénsi "downlink" dina pita 869–894 MHz pikeun ngirimkeun sora ti base stations ka "handset"
Unggal situs sél (base station) baris ngagunakeun sabagéan tina kanal-kanal ieu, sarta kudu béda jeung situs sél sabudeureunana pikeun nyingkahan gangguan (interférensi)
Hal ieu anu ngabalukarkeun jadi kurangna jumlah kanal dina unggal situs sél
Unggal kanal AMPS rubakna 30 kHz
AMPS analog diganti ku nu digital
Lantaran téknologi AMPS téh standarna analog, mangka ieu téknologi henteu éfisien dina ngagunakeun spéktrum frékuénsi
Kiwari, ampir kabéh pausahaan télékomunikasi pamaké AMPS geus ngaganti téknologina ku nu boga standar-standar digital saperti CDMA2000 atawa GSM
Téknologi digital saperti GSM jeung CDMA2000 nawarkeun kamampuh ngirimkeun réa sora dina hiji kanal jeung fitur mutahir saperti pangiriman pesen dua arah ("two-way text messaging") jeung layanan data
Bell Mobility jeung Telus Mobility di Kanada, anu can ngabongkar jaringan AMPS bogana nepi ka bulan Pebruari 2008 téh.. OnStar masih gumantung pisan kana layanan AMPS di Amérika Kalér
Sanajan kitu, ieu pausahaan kiwari keur migrasi kana sistem digital
ADT Security Services kiwari malah ménta FCC, regulator télékomunikasi di Amérika Sarikat, sangkan manjangkeun wates waktu pikeun nutup izin AMPS lantaran loba pisan sistem alarem bogana nu ngagunakeun téknologi analog pikeun komunikasi jeung puseur kadalina
Advanced Mobile Phone System
Kriolit (Na3AlF6, natrium héksafluoroaluminat) téh mineral ahéng nu jumlahna di alam saeutik pisan, salah sahijina aya di Ivigtut, basisir kulon Greenland, nu béak diala taun 1987
Baheula, kriolit téh bahan baku alumunium, tapi ka dieunakeun jadi bahan pikeun éléktrolisis bauksit, hiji jenis bijih aluminium, nu mangrupa campuran mineral-mineral alumunium oksida kayaning gibsit, buhmit, jeung diaspor
Guna kriolit dina ieu prosés nyaéta pikeun nurunkeun titik lééh alumunium oksida (tina di luhur 2000 jadi 900-an °C)
ku sabab ayeuna mah geus jarang pisan, pancén kriolit di industri diganti ku natrium alumunium fluorida anu dijieun tina fluorit
Kriolit bungkeuleukanana kristal teu warnaan
Teuasna 2,5 n.k
3 skala Mohs, sedengkeun gravitasi spésifikna 2,95 n.k
Indéks réfraktifna leutik pisan: a=1.3385–1.339, b=1.3389–1.339, g=1.3396–1.34; deukeut pisan jeung cai
Ku kituna, mun dikeueum dina cai, ieu kristal ampir teu katémbong
Lian ti di Greenland, kriolit ogé kungsi kabéjakeun aya di Puncak Pikes di Colorado, Amérika Serikat, Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Kanada, jeung Miass, Russia
Ayana kriolit munggaran dilaporkeun taun 1799
Ieu ngaran dicokot tina basa Yunani "cryò" = beku jeung "lithòs" = batu
Makuta nyaéta tutup sirah bagian luhur anu diturunkeun ti hiji generasi ka generasi satuluyna anu dipaké ku raja atawa kaum bangsawan salaku perlambang kakawasaan, légitimasi, kaabadian, bebeneran, kajayaan, kaunggulan, kabangkitan, jeung kahormatan
Makuta bisa dijieun tina rarangkén kembang atawa rarangkén daun; ngan lolobana, makuta ngandung emas jeung permata
Three distinct categories of crowns exist in those monarchies that use crowns or state regalia
In Classical antiquity the crown ("corona") that was sometimes awarded to péople other than rulers, such as triumphal military generals or athletes, was actually a wreath or chaplet, or ribbonlike diadem
The precursor to the crown was the browband called the diadem, which had been worn by the Achaemenid Persian emperors, was adopted by Constantine I, and was worn by all subsequent rulers of the later Roman Empire
Numerous crowns of various forms were used in Antiquity, such as the White crown, Red Crown, combined Pschent crown and blue crown of Pharaonic Egypt
The "corona radiata", the "radiant crown" known best on the Statue of Liberty, and perhaps worn by the Helios that was the Colossus of Rhodes, was worn by pagan Roman emperors, part of the cult of Sol Invictus
It was referred to as "the chaplet studded with sunbeams” by Lucian, about 180 AD (in "Alexander the false prophet")
Perhaps the oldest Christian crown in Europe is the Iron Crown of Lombardy, of Roman and Longobard age, later again used to crown modérn Kings of Napoléonic, Austrian and reunited Italy
In the Christian tradition of Européan cultures, where ecclesiastical sanction authenticates monarchic power, when a new monarch assumes the throne in a coronation ceremony, the crown is placed on the new monarch's héad by a religious official
Some, though not all éarly Holy Roman Emperors travelled to Rome at some point in their careers to be crowned by the pope
Napoleon, according to legend, surprised Pius VII when he réached out and crowned himself, although in réality this order of ceremony had been pre-arranged: see coronation
Today, only the British Monarchy continues this tradition as the sole remaining anointed and crowned monarch, though many monarchies retain a crown as a national symbol in heraldry
The French Crown Jewels were sold in 1885 on the orders of the Third French Republic, with only a token number, with their precious stones replaced by glass, held on to for historic réasons and displayed by the Louvre
The Spanish Crown Jewels were destroyed in a major fire in the eighteenth century while the Irish Crown Jewels (actually méré ly the Sovereign's insignia of the Most Illustrious Order of St Patrick) were stolen from Dublin Castle in 1907
Special héadgéar to designate rulers dates back to pre-history, and is found in many separate civilizations around the globe
Commonly, rare and precious materials are incorporated into the crown, but that is only essential for the notion of crown jewels
Gold and precious jewels are common in western and oriental crowns
In the Native American civilizations of the Pre-Columbian New World, rare feathers, such as that of the quetzal, often decorated crowns; so too in Polynesia (e.g
In other cultures no crown is used in the equivalent of coronation, but the héad may still be otherwise symbolically adorned, as a royal tikka in the Hindu tradition of India
As an emblem
A Crown is often an emblem of the monarchy, a monarch's government, or items endorsed by it; see The Crown
A specific type of crown (or coronet for lower ranks of peerage) is employed in heraldry under strict rules
Indeed some monarchies never had a physical crown, just a heraldic representation, as in the constitutional kingdom of Belgium, where no coronation ever took place; the royal installation is done by a solemn oath in parliament, wéaring a military uniform: the King is not acknowledged as by divine right, but assumes the only hereditary public office in the service of the law; so he
service of the law; so he in turn will swéar in all members of "his" federal government
The heraldic symbol of three crowns, referring to the three evangelical Magi (wise men), traditionally called kings, is believed thus to have become the symbol of the Swedish kingdom, but it also fits the historical (personal, dynastic) Kalmar Union (1397-1520) between the three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden and Norway
Because one or more crown, alone or as part of a more elaborate design, often appéar on coins, several monetary denominations came to be known as 'a crown' or the equivalent word in the local language
This persists in the case of the national currencies of the Scandinavian currencies
Dina widang kimia jeung manufaktur, éléktrolisis nujul ka métodeu misahkeun unsur-unsur jeung sanyawaan nu kabeungkeut sacara kimia ku cara diasupan arus listrik
Sanyawa ionik dileyurkeun dina hiji pelarut, atawa dilééhkeun ku panas,antukna ionna aya dina cairan
Arus listrik dialirkeun antara sapasang éléktroda inert nu dikeueum dina cairanana
Unggal éléktroda narik ion-ion anu muatanana sabalikna
Ion nu muatanana positip (kation) kabetot ku éléktroda négatip (katoda), sedengkeun ion nu muatanana négatip (anion) kabetot ku éléktroda positip (anoda)
Énérgi nu dipikabutuh pikeun misahkeun ion-ionna antukna ngagunduk di éléktroda papasanganana asalna tina listrik
Hasil tina ieu prosés nyaéta kaserep/kabeungkeut atawa dileupaskeunana éléktron ku ion-ion ngabentuk unsur atawa sanyawa anu dipikahayang
Oksidasi anion bisa lumangsung dina anoda, sedengkeun di katoda bisa lumangsung réduksi kation
Conto oksidasi kation di anoda: formula_1
Bisa ogé anion diréduksi di katoda: formula_2
Molekul nétral bisa ogé robah dina éta dua éléktroda
Conto: formula_3 Jumlah énérgi listrik anu kudu ditambahkeun sarua jeung parobahan énérgi bébas Gibbs réaksina ditambah kaleungitan dina sistemna
Prabu Surawisésa nyaéta raja Sunda (1521-1535) nu ngaganti Ratu Jayadéwata atawa nu katelah Sri Baduga Maharaja
Dina naskah "Carita Parahiyangan" dicaritakeun yén mangsa kakawasaan Surawisésa téh pinuh ku perang (15 kali dina 14 taun)
Prabu Surawisésa dicaritakeun dina sababaraha sumber sajarah, di antarana baé naskah "Carita Parahiyangan", "naskah Wangsakerta", jeung catetan lalampahan bangsa Portugis
Dina "Carita Parahiyangan", ngeunaan Prabu Surawisésa téh dicaritakeun kieu: "Disilihan inya ku Prebu Surawisésa, inya nu surup ka Padarén, kasuran, kadiran, kuwamén
Hanteu nu nahunan deui, panteg hanca di bwana
Numutkeun Danasasmita, Surawisésa téh sarua jeung Samiam, raja Sunda anu disebut dina catetan Portugis nepungan Alfonso d'Albuquerque di Malaka (1512)
Disebut Samiam ku sabab taun 1512 mah Surawisésa téh masih salaku Tohaan nu ngawasa Sanghiyang (ngawengku Jatinagara di beulah kidul nepi ka Marunda di beulah kalér)
Dina tradisi lisan, Prabu Surawisésa téh digambarkeun dina carita Mundinglaya Dikusumah
Paguron luhur nyaéta badan nu ngayakeun atikan luhur
Pamilon nu diatik di paguron luhur disebut mahasiswa, sedengkeun nu ngatikna disebut dosén
Paguron luhur di Indonésia
Di Indonésia, paguron luhur bisa mangrupa akademi, politéknik, sakola luhur, institut, sarta universitas
Paguron luhur bisa ngayakeun atikan akademik, atikan profési, sarta atikan kajuruan kalawan program atikan nu ngawengku undakan diploma (D1, D2, D3, D4), sarjana (S1), magister (S2), doktor (S3), sarta spésialis
Universitas, institut, sarta sakola luhur anu mibanda program doktor mibanda hak mikeun gelar doktor kahormatan ("doktor honoris causa") ka saban individu anu meujeuhna meunang pangajén patali jeung jasa-jasa anu luar ti biasa dina widang élmu pangaweruh, téknologi, kamasarakatan, kaagamaan, kabudayaan, atawa seni
Sebutan guru besar atawa profésor ngan dipaké salila jinisna aktif kénéh digawé salaku nu ngatik di paguron luhur
Paguron luhur di Indonésia diatur ku "Departemen Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonésia"
Réktor paguron luhur nagri mangrupa pajabat ésélon di handapeun "Menteri Pendidikan Nasional"
Sajaba ti éta ogé aya paguron luhur anu dikokolakeun ku "Kementerian Nagara Republik Indonesia" atawa Lembaga Pamaréntahan Non Departemén, anu umumna mangrupa paguron luhur kedinesan
Contona, "Sekolah Tinggi Akuntansi Nagara" dikokolakeun ku Departemen Keuangan Republik Indonesia
Taman Kanak-kanak (disingket TK) nyaéta jenjang atikan pikeun barudak umur atawa di handapna) dina wangun atikan formal
Kurikulum TK ditekenkeun kana méré rangsangan atikan pikeun mantuan tumuwuhna sarta mekarna jasmani jeung rohani budak sangkan budak ngabogaan kasiap dina ngasupan atikan satuluyna
Lila mangsa diajar budak di TK biasana gumantung kana tingkat kacerdas budak anu dipeunteun dina rapor pér semester
Tapi sacara umum pikeun lulus TK merlukeun waktu 2 (dua) taun, nyaéta: Umur rata-rata budak nu dibeunangkeun asuk ka TK saeutikna nyaéta
Sedengkeun umur rata-rata pikeun lulus ti TK nyaéta
Sanggeus lulus ti TK, atawa atikan formal jeung nonformal séjénna anu sadarajat, murid saterusna neruskeun ka jenjang atikan leuwih luhur nyaéta Sakola Dasar atawa anu sadarajat
Atikan di TK
Di TK, barudak dibéré kasempetan diajar dina kurikulum atikan anu luyu jeung umur unggal tingkatanana
Murid diajarkeun: Tujuanana nyaéta pikeun ngaronjatkeun kréativitas anak sarta mecut pikeun diajar mikawanoh rupa-rupa élmu pangaweruh ngaliwatan "pendekatan" niléy moral ageman, sosial, émosional, fisik/motorik, kognitif, basa, seni, sarta kamandirian
Kabéh dirarancang sabagé usaha ngadewasakeun budak dina kahirupanana
Kabéh kagiatan atikan ieu dibungkus dina modél "diajar bari ulin"
Daptar di handap ieu mangrupa daptar paguron luhur nagri di Indonésia, nu dibina ku "Departemen Pendidikan Nasional"
Daftar ieu henteu ngawengku paguron luhur kaagamaan nu dibina ku "Departemen Agama" sarta paguron luhur kedinesan anu dikokolakeun ku Departemen/Kementerian atawa Lembaga Pamaréntahan Non Departemén séjénna
Luyu jeung Undang-undang Nomer 20 Taun 2003 ngeunaan Sistem Atikan Nasional, paguron luhur bisa mangrupa Universitas, Institut, Sakola Luhur, Politéknik, atawa Akademi
Daptar paguron luhur swasta di Indonésia disajikan nurutkeun propinsi:
Daptar paguron luhur swasta di Jawa Kulon
Daftar paguron luhur suwasta di Indonésia
Daftar paguron luhur swasta di Indonésia
Daftar paguron luhur nagri di Indonésia
Daftar paguron luhur negeri di Indonésia
Prasasti Rumatak atawa Gegerhanjuang nyaéta prasasti anu asalna ti kabuyutan pasir Gegerhanjuang, Linggawangi, Singaparna
Ieu prasasti ukur ngawengku tilu baris tulisan pondok maké aksara Jawa Kuna
Di Musieum Pusat ieu prasasti dinomeran D26
Ieu prasasti mimiti ditalungtik ku Holle, hasilna dijudulan "Beschreven Steen uit De Afdeeling Tasikmalaya Residentie Preanger", dilaporkeun dina majalah TBG XXIV taun 1877
Panalungtikan Holle dikoréksi ku C. M. Pleyte, nu lajeng dikoréksi ku Saléh Danasasmita
Alih aksara lengkepna: "traba i gunna apuy na" "sta gomati sakakala nu mata" "k disusu(k) ku batari hyang pun" Candrasangkala
Pleyte sapuk jeung panalungtikan Holle ti heula nu ngahartikeun candrasangkala nu aya dina ieu prasasti nujul ka taun 1333 Saka (1411 Maséhi)
Panalungtikan Danasasmita nyindekkeun yén candrasangkala nu bener mah nu diapit ku kecap 'i' jeung 'sakakala': "gunna apuy nasta gomati", nujul ka taun 1033 Saka (1111 Maséhi)
Saur anjeunna, kecap 'traba' téh wancahan tina "trayodasi badrapada", nujul ka titimangsa 13 Badrapada
Candrasangkala kieu sarupa jeung 'hakara' nu kapanggih dina prasasti Cibadak nu mangrupa wancahan tina "Hariang-Kaliwon-Radité"
Ku kituna, candrasangkala dina ieu prasasti téh lengkep pisan: tanggal 13, bulan Badrapada, taun 1033 Saka (21 Agustus 1111), titimangsa nu dijadikeun poé milangkala Tasikmalaya)
Kalengkepan titimangsa dina ieu prasasti bisa disandingkeun jeung prasasti Cibadak, Danasasmita boga kacindekan yén ieu prasasti aya patalina jeung Sri Jayabupati
Ayana sebutan 'Batari Hyang' nunjukkeun yén ieu prasasti téh patali jeung istri, nu ceuk Danasasmita mah sigana putra cikal Jayabupati anu teu bisa jadi raja alatan manéhna awéwé
Antukna, éta putra cikal téh jadi batara (batari) anu boga kalungguhan teu éléh luhur dina kahirupan urang Sunda harita
nyaéta salah sahiji jalur kareta di JR East
Jalur ieu panjangna 73.3 km ti Stasion Tokyo ka Kurihama Station, ku 1,067 mm sarta trek ganda antara Tokyo jeung Yokosuka
Ngaran resmi Jalur Yokosuka Line nujul kana segmen 23.9 km antara Ōfuna Station jeung Kurihama Station, tapi ku sabab kareta di Jalur Yokosuka asalna ti Stasion Tokyo, rute kareta nu asup kana jalur ieu disebutna Jalur Yokosuka
Jalur ieu di jero taneuh ti Tokyo ka Shinagawa (sajajar jeung Jalur Utama Tōkaidō, Jalur Yamanote jeung Keihin-Tōhoku Line), terus nyabang ka kulon nuturkeun Tōkaidō Shinkansen asup ka kota Kawasaki (bagéan ieu, ilahar disebut , asalna jalur kareta barang ti Jalur Utama Tōkaidō)
Ngahiji jeung Jalur Utama Tōkaidō Main di deukeut Tsurumi Station sarta nuturkeun Jalur Utama Tōkaidō ka Ōfuna, nu terus nyabang ka beulah kidul-wetannepi ka eureun di Miura Peninsula
Aya sababaraha layanan kareta (lolobana tujuan Tokyo) ka Sōbu Main Line tujuan , jeung , Narita Line tujuan , Kashima Line tujuan , Sotobō Line tujuan , sarta Uchibō Line tujuan
Kareta tujuan Stasion Narita Airport Station disebut Rapid "Airport Narita", tapi sabalikna béda ngaran
Catetan yén Jalur Yokosuka teu ngaliwatan Stasion Kawasaki
"Artikel utama: Universitas Islam Nagri" "Artikel utama: Institut Agama Islam Nagri"
Daptar paguron luhur Islam swasta di Indonésia
Daptar di handap ieu nyaéta daptar paguron luhur kadinesan di Indonésia, nu disusun nurutkeun ngaran departemén/kamenterian/LPND nu ngabinana
Universitas Padjadjaran (disingket Unpad) nyaéta paguron luhur negeri di Bandung, Indonésia, nu diadegkeun dina ping 11 September 1957
Réktor Unpad dina taun ajaran 2005 - 2006 nyaéta Prof. Dr. Ganjar Kurnia
Unpad boga 16 fakultas, nyaéta: Universitas Padjadajaran boga dua kampus utama, nyaéta Kampus Iwa Koesoema Soemantri di Jalan Dipati Ukur Bandung jeung Kampus Jatinangor di Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang, Kabupatén Sumedang
Sajaba ti dua kampus éta aya ogé kampus Éksténsi MIPA jeung Kampus PAAP di Dago jeung Dipati Ukur
Universitas Padjadjaran ngabogaan 50 Program Sarjana, 20 Program Magister, 9 Program Doktor, Program Spésialis, Program Ékténsi, Program D4, sarta Program D3
Institut Pertanian Bogor (disingket IPB) nyaéta hiji paguron luhur negeri dina widang tatanén nu perenahna di kota Bogor
Dina sajarahna, IPB mangrupa bagian ti Universitas Indonesia sarta ngaleupaskeun diri ti universitas kasebut dina ping 1 September taun 1963
Réktor IPB ayeuna nyaéta Dr. Ir
Herry Suhardiyanto, M.Sc
Institut Pertanian Bogor nyaéta sahiji lambaga pangajaran luhur widang pertanian anu tos kacatetkeun jieunan tina badan-badan pengajaran nengah jeung luhur pertanian sarta kadokteran hewan nu dikawitan ti mimiti abad ka-20 di bogor
Saacan perang dunya ka 2, badan-badan pangajaran nengah éta téh katelah namina "Middelbare Landbouw School", "Middelbare Bosbouw School" jeung "Nederlandsch Indiche Veeartsen School"
Babad mekarna IPB dikawitan ti tahapan embrional (1941-1963), tahap kagelaran jeung katumbuhan (1963-1975), tahap kadewasaan (1975-2000), tahap implementasi otonomi IPB (2000-2005) jeung nyanghareup ka tahap ngabasis Badan Hukum Milik Negara (BHMN) nu bakal dimimitian taun 2006
Dina taun 2007 sacara embrional IPB direncanakeun jadi universitas riset
Gelarna IPB dina mangsa 1 september 1963 dumasar kana kaputusan menteri pangajaran tinggi jeung elmu pangetahuan (PTIP) No
92/1963 nu saterusna disahkeun ku présidén RI kahiji dibarengan Kaputusan NO
Dina mangsa harita, dua fakultas di bogor nu aya dina iuhan UI mekar jadi 5 fakultas, nyaéta fakultas pertanian, fakultas kedokteran hewan, fakultas perikanan, fakultas peternakan dan fakultas kehutanan
Dina taun 1964, gelar fakultas teknolohi jeung mekanisasi pertanian nu ayeuna jadi fakultas teknologi pertanian
Dina kaping 26 Desember 2000, pemerintah Indonésia ngasahkeun status otonomi IPB anu dumasar kana PP no
Ti saprak éta IPB mangrupa perguruan tinggi anu statusna Badan Hukum Milik Negara (BHMN)
taun 2004 IPB nerapkeun (deui?)
sistem mayor minor sebagai pengganti sistem kurikulum nasional
Sistem ini sangat khas dan hanya diterapkan di IPB
Setiap mahasiswa IPB dimungkinkan mengambil dua atau bahkan lebih mata kéahlian (jurusan) yang diminatinya
Fakultas jeung Departemén
Di IPB aya 9 fakultas, nyaéta Fakultas "Pertanian ", "Kedokteran Hewan ", "Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan", Peternakan, Kehutanan, Teknologi Pertanian, Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Ekonomi Manajemen, Ekologi Manusia
Pada saat ini sedang dikembangkan program pendidikan berbasis departemen
Fakultas Pertanian (Faperta)
Dengan mayor yang ditawarkan: dengan program minor yang ditawarkan: Dengan mayor yang ditawarkan: Dengan program minor yang ditawarkan: Dengan mayor yang ditawarkan: Dengan program minor yang ditawarkan: Dengan mayor yang ditawarkan: Dengan minor yang ditawarkan: Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan (FPIK)
Dengan mayor yang ditawarkan: minor Budidaya Ikan Hias Dengan mayor yang ditawarkan: Dengan minor yang ditawarkan : Dengan mayor yang ditawarkan: Dengan minor yang ditawarkan : Dengan mayor yang ditawarkan: Dengan minor yang ditawarkan : Dengan mayor yang ditawarkan: Dengan minor yang ditawarkan : Fakultas Peternakan (Fapet)
Dengan mayor yang ditawarkan: Dengan minor yang ditawarkan: Dengan mayor yang ditawarkan: Dengan minor yang ditawarkan: Fakultas Kehutanan (Fahutan)
Saat ini terdiri dari lima (5) bagian dan enam laboratorium, yaitu Bagian Ekologi dan Manajemen Satwaliar (Lab
Ekologi Satwaliar dan Lab
Konservasi Eks-Siru Satwaliar, Bagian Manajemen Kawasan Konservasi, Bagian Konservasi Kéanekaragaman Tumbuhan, Bagian Rekréasi Alam dan Ekowisata dan Bagian Hutan Kota dan Jasa Lingkungan Fakultas Ekonomi dan Manajemen (FEM)
Fakultas Ekonomi dan Manajemen IPB didirikan pada taun 2001, didahului dengan pembentukan program studi Ekonomi Pemwangunan dan Program Studi Manajemen melalui SK Rektor taun 2000
Kedua program studi merupakan cikal bakal dua departemen ketika Fakultas Ekonomi dan Manajemen didirikan
Selanjutya, melalui program penataan departemen, pada taun 2004/2005, dua departemen baru bergabung, yaitu Departemen Agribisnis (hasil leburan program studi agribisnis Faperta dan bagian ekonomi dari program-program studi sosial ekonomi berbagai fakultas lain), sarta Departemen Ekonomi Sumberdaya dan Lingkungan (leburan dari program studi ekonomi dan sumberdaya pertania)
Pendirian FEM merupakan perwujudan dari cita-cita lama sejak 1986 dari Jurusan Ilmu-ilmu Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian IPB untuk menjadi "Fakultas Ilmu-ilmu Sosial Ekonomi (FASOSEK)", namun tidak prnah berhasil meski sudah berkali-kali kepanitiaan dibentuk
Keberhasilan didapat oleh Panitia taun 2000 dengan "mengorbankan" atau méré lakan untuk tidak menyertakan ilmu sosial dalam pendirian fakultas ekonomi
Sebagai pengganti, "bolehlah" diikutsertakan ilmu manajemen alih-alih ilmu sosial
(Cabang ilmu-ilmu sosial di IPB kemudian berkonsolidasi membentuk Fakultas Ekologi Manusia (FEMA) pada taun 2004/2005 (?)
Fakultas Ekologi Manusia (Fema)
Dengan mayor yang ditawarkan: Dengan minor yang ditawarkan: Dengan mayor yang ditawarkan: Dengan minor yang ditawarkan: Dengan mayor yang ditawarkan: Dengan minor yang ditawarkan: Lembaga Dakwah Kampus Badan Kerohanian Islam Mahasiswa
LDK BKIM IPB
Badan Kerohanian Islam Mahasiswa (BKIM) IPB adalah organisasi kemahasiswaan yang mengemban misi dakwah dan syiar Islam
Organisasi ini didirikan pada tanggal 16 November 1976 atau bertepatan dengan tanggal 18 Dzulhijjah 1396 H oleh Dr. Ir
Asep Saefuddin, M.Sc
Organisasi ini mimiti bernama Badan Kerohanian Islam Keluarga Mahasiswa (BKI KM) IPB tetapi di robah menjadi BKIM IPB pada musyawarah kerja (Muker) ke 16
Pada taun 1986 bersama-sama organisasi islam kemahasiswaan dari beberapa perguruan tinggi lainnya, BKIM mencetuskan berdirinya Forum Silaturrahim Lembaga Dakwah Kampus dan menjadi pusat koordinasi daerah lembaga dakwah kampus untuk wilayah Priangan Barat hingga kini
Dalam kancah pergerakan mahasiswa nasional khususwa mahasiswa muslim, LDK BKIM IPB di kenal sebagai pendiri Forum Silaturahmi Lembaga Dakwah (FSLDK) dan Badan Koordinasi Lembaga Dakwah Kampus (BKLDK) PRINSIP ORGANISASI
Landasan : Amanah
Prinsip Kedudukan : Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa yang bergerak di bidang kerohanian Islam
Prinsip Manajemen : Mandiri, Profesional, Terbuka, Kréatif dan Inovatif, Berorientasi pada perbaikan terus - menerus
Prinsip Aktivitas Inti : Layanan dakwah mahasiswa
Assalamualaikum and Salam Eid al-Adha, While réading background of BKIM, I noticed there was a mistake in the Hijri date when BKIM founded
Through the séarch and review, I've found that November 16, 1976 is equivalent to date * 23/24 Dzulkaedah 1396H
For the record, date of 18 Dzulhijjah 1396H is equivalent to December 9, 1976
Maybe review and revision from your téam could give the correct date when BKIM founded
Pléase be excused if there's are mistakes and faults
Jazakallah khoiron kasira
Al-Faqir Illa ALLAH
FUNGSI DAN TUGAS POKOK ORGANISASI
1.Pembinaan dan pengkaderan, 2.Pembentukan opini dan kesadaran umum, sebagai fungsi dari syiar, serta 3.Jaringan, sebagai fungsi dari prosés menghimpun dukungan
Pembinaan sebagai peran sentral dari dakwah akan menjadi poros dari keberhasilan dakwah itu sendiri
Hal ini dikarenakan di dalamnya teradapat prosés pembinaan, pemantapan kerangkan gerakan, dan penyatuan perasaan sekaligus pemikiran di tengah-tengah para pengembannya
Aktivitas perang pemikiran sebagai upaya penjelasan sekaligus meruntuhkan keyakinan umum dan diganti dengan keyakinan baru, yaitu Islam
Aktivitas ini memang memerlukan ketegasan dan kejelasan disamping keterusterangan
Artinya, aktivitas kifah siyasi lebih terkait dengan pemikiran kekinian sebagai upaya pembentukan kesadaran umum dan opini umum
Aktivitas ini berpusat pada prosés penyerangan bentuk interaksi yang berkembang di tengah-tengah kampus dengan serangan yang mampu meruntuhkan keyakinan masyarakat kampus kemudian diganti dengan keyakinan baru yang shohih
STRATEGI INDUK (VISI, MISI, DAN TUJUAN)
Menjadi lembaga dakwah kampus yang idéologis dan profesional bagi terwujudnya mahasiswa muslim IPB yang patuh pada syariat Islam, Dinamis, dan Kréatif
Melakukan pengkaderan dan pembinaan khusus yang intensif dan terpadu untuk menghasilkan SDM yang kafa’ah, bérétos kerja tinggi, amanah sarta mampu menjadi penjaga risalah Islam yang terpercaya
Melakukan pembinaan umum yang berkesinambungan dan terarah melalui penyebaran ide-ide Islam dan mendobrak ide-ide kufur sehingga terbentuk kesadaran umum dan opini umum Islam di tengah civitas akademika IPB
Meningkatkan nilai tawar organisasi BKIM IPB sebagai Lembaga Dakwah Kampus yang idéologis sehingga menjadi penentu kecenderungan (trend setter) bagi pengembangan kegiatan yang bersifat keislaman dan kemahasiswaan
Terwujudnya BKIM sebagai good student organization 2
Terwujudnya mahasiswa yang patuh pada syari’at Islam, dinamis dan kréatif 3
Melaksanakan ketetapan-ketetapan MUKER BKIM IPB BUDAYA ORGANISASI
Syariat Islam merupakan standar aktivitas organisasi
Layanan Dakwah Mahasiswa Secara Amanah, Profesional, Transparan dan Akuntabel adalah Kegiatan Utama BKIM IPB Budaya 3
Optimalisasi Dakwah Kampus/Mahasiswa merupakan orientasi produktivitas BKIM
Profesionalisme (amanah, kafa’ah dan himmah) merupakan karakter setiap kader BKIM
Unit kegiatan mahasiswa
Lawalata-IPB merupakan salah satu organisasi pecinta alam tingkat IPB
Lawalata-IPB berdiri pada 21 September 1974 yang diprakarsai oleh Suryo Adi Wibowo (sekaligus L-001)
Selama lebih dari tiga dasawarsa, Lawalata-IPB memfokuskan kegiatannya pada kegiatan ilmiah alam bébas
Salah satu kegiatan rutin yang dilakukan setiap taun adalah Studi Lapang
Studi Lapang biasanya dilakukan di kawasan Konservasi, salah satunya Taman Nasional
Lima taun terakhir Lawalata-IPB telah melakukan Studi Lapang di TN Way Kambas, TN Meru Betiri, TN Komodo, TN Gunung Palung dan TN Batang Gadis
Pada April 2005 Lawalata-IPB telah melakukan eksplorasi kéanekaragaman hayati di TN Gunung Ciremai
Pada Studi Lapang 2006 Lawalata-IPB mengunjungi TN Karimun Jawa untuk mempelajari spesies Dewa daru, spesies pohon yang dikawatirkan akan mengalami kepunahan, khususnya di TN Karimun Jawa
Ada 4 Kelompok Minat (KM) di Lawalata IPB, yaitu : 1
KM Flora-Fauna; memfokuskan kegiatannya pada survey-survey Biodiversity
KM FF juga menjadi tempat belajar bagi anggotanya untuk memahami esensi konservasi dan berupaya agar bisa turut sarta dalam usaha pelestarian keragaman hayati di Indonésia
Beberapa kali KM FF melakukan survey-survey keragaman hayati di Jawa dan luar Jawa bekerja sama dan dibantu oleh lembaga-lembaga seperti TNC, CII, Latin, FWI, Telapak, ICSD, BRI
KM Manusia dan Lingkungan; KM ini mulai dikembangkan sejak 2001, di mana KM ML mulai melakukan Paket Pendidikan Lingkungan Hidup Sekolah Dasar (PLH SD) di sekitar Kampus IPB
Hasil pembelajaran di tuliskan dalam modul-modul sederhana bagi anak-anak SD
Anggota KM ML juga belajar dengan organisasi lain seperti REPLING Kebun Raya-RMI
KM ML siap memfasilitasi kegiatan-kegiatan PLH untuk anak-anak yang dibungkus dalam outbond
KM ML pernah memfasilitasi l.k
150 anak-anak untuk ber-outbond ria, kegiatan ini bekerjasama dengan Woman International Club (WIC) dan LATIN
KM Tirta; KM ini dibentuk untuk mewadahi minat anggotanya dalam bidang air dan perairan seperti aktivitas di sungai dan di laut
KM Batih; KM ini mewadahi anggota terutama untuk aktivitas adventural seperti pendakian gunung, pemanjatan tebing, dan penelusuran gua
Ciampéa merupakan kawasan karst yang paling sering dikunjungi dan menjadi media belajar bagi anggota
Kelompok Minat dapat saja bertambah seiring meningkatnya minat para anggota dari waktu ke waktu
Koperasi Mahasiswa IPB(KOPMA IPB)
KOPMA IPB merupakan wadah bagi mahasiswa IPB untuk menerapkan prinsip dasar perkoperasian
Unit usaha tetap Unit usaha tidak tetap/ dadakan UKM FORCES (Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa Forum For Scientific Studies) Merupakan unit kegiatan mahasiswa yang bergerak dalam bidang keilmiahan
Organisasi ini di bentuk pada tanggal 10 Januari 2004 oleh mahasiswa-mahasiswa IPB lintas fakultas
Beberapa program kerja unggulan UKM FORCES adalah Diskusi ILmiah, Pelatihan Penulisan Report Ilmiah (P3RI), Talk Show Mapres
Mulai taun 2007, UKM FORCES mengadakan kerjasama dengan organisasi intrakampus dalam hal keilmiahan
Sebagai contoh, bulan maret 2007 telah dilaunching kerjasama FORCES dengan LDF Serum G FMIPA IPB
Kerjasama tersebut bertujuan menciptakan iklim dan karakter ilmiah bagi mahasiswa IPB, khususnya di fakultas MIPA
Universitas Pendidikan Indonésia (UPI) diadegkeun dina taun 1954 kalayan ngaran PTPG (Perguruan Tinggi Pendidikan Guru)
Taun 1963 ngaran PTPG dirobah jadi IKIP sarta dina taun 1999 dirobah deui jadi UPI
Mimiti taun 2004, UPI dibéré otonomi sarta jadi paguron luhur badan hukum milik nagara (basa Indonésia: Perguruan Tinggi Badan Hukum Milik Negara (PT BHMN))
UPI mangrupa paguron luhur nu nganut sistim multi kampus
Kampus utama UPI perenahna di Bumi Siliwangi, Jalan Setiabudhi 229, Bandung
Sedengkeun kampus lianna perenahna di Cibiru, Tasikmalaya, Sumedang, Purwakarta, jeung Sérang
UPI mibanda 6 (genep) Fakultas jeung Sakola Pascasarjana (SPs) Fakultas Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni (FPBS)
Ngawengku 6 jurusan, 4 program kependidikan, jeung 2 program non-kependidikan: Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan (FIP)
Ngawengku 8 Jurusan nyaéta: Fakultas Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (FPIPS)
Ngawengku 5 (lima) Jurusan jeung 3 (tilu) Program Studi (Prodi) non-Kependidikan: Fakultas Pendidikan Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (FPMIPA)
Ngawengku:: Fakultas Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan (FPTK)
Ngawengku 4 (opat) Jurusan: Fakultas Pendidikan Olahraga dan Kesehatan (FPOK)
Ngawengku 3 (tilu) Jurusan: Sekolah Pascasarjana
Sekolah Pascasarjana (SPs) Universitas Pendidikan Indonésia (UPI) mangrupa salah sahiji SPs pangkolotna di Indonésia nu komitmen nu kuat ka kualitas
Sajarahna dikawitan di taun 1968 kalawan dibukana Lembaga Pendidikan Post Doktoral (LPPD) anu salajengna robah jadi Sekolah Pasca Sarjana (1977-1982), Fakultas Pascasarjana (1983-1990), Program Pascasarjana (1991-2005), jeung taun 2006 balik deui jadi Sekolah Pascasarjana
SPs UPI ngayakeun Program Magister Pendidikan jeung Non-Pendidikan (S2) sarta Program Doktor Pendidikan (S3)
Salila kamekaranna, SPs UPI dipupuhuan ku: Program Sekolah Pascasarjana
Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Pendidikan Indonésia ngawengku 2 (dua) Strata, nyaéta: Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa
Isola Pos (biasa disebut: Isola) nyaéta surat kabar mahasiswa dwibulan nu dimedalkeun ku Unit Pers Mahasiswa Universitas Pendidikan Indonésia (UPM UPI)
Dina kawit mangsa medalna nepi ka taun 2006, Isola Pos ngagunakeun jargon nu sarua jeung nu dipaké ku IKIP Bandung, nyaéta "Ilmiah, Edukatif, Religius"
Édisi munggaran (Édisi Wawanohan) Isola Pos medal di bulan Agustus taun 1991 kalawan sistim cétak "offset"
Di kaca hareupna Isola Pos munjulkeun "headline" topikna "SMPT" (Senat Mahasiswa Perguruan Tinggi)
Sanajan rubrikasi Isola ngawengku téma liputan nu ambahanna jembar pisan (atikan, politik, gerakan mahasiswa, sastra, basa, seni, budaya jeung nu lianna), Isola ogé kungsi dipikawanoh salaku tabloid politik
Hal ieu dilantarankeun ku pangurus isola Pos jeung UPM UPI (salaku lembaga pamedal Isola Pos) sacara langsung jeung henteu sering kabawakeun ku aktifitas gerakan mahasiswa di Bandung dina mangsa Orde Baru pamingpin Soeharto
KOMPOR (Komunitas Mahasiswa Penggemar Otomasi dan Robotika)
KOMPOR nyaéta Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa nu bagerak di widang teknologi robotika
KOMPOR nu ngadeg kaping 30 April 2003 ieu mimiti diresmikeun kaping 2 Februari 2008 di Gedong Pusat Kegiatan Mahasiswa UPI
Sanajan dibentuk jeung didominasi ku mahasiswa-mahasiswa (Jurusan téhnik Mesin jeung Jurusan téhnik Éléktro FPTK Universitas Pendidikan Indonésia (UPI), KOMPOR ngabogaan kawijakan kaanggotaan kabuka (mahasiswa nonFPTK)
Universitas Islam Bandung atawa nu ilahar dipiwanoh UNISBA nyaéta salah sahiji paguron luhur swasta nu aya di Bandung, Jawa Kulon
Alamatna di Jalan Tamansari No
Universitas Islam Bandung (disingket Unisba) lahir lantaran alpukah para inohong umat Islam sarta tungtutan masarakat Jawa Kulon supaya aya paguron luhur anu boga nafas Islam sarta ngababarkeun intelektualitas muslim