izzako/sundanese-pixelgpt huggingface dataset:
Monaco - Mongolia - "Montserrat" - Montenegro - Morocco - Mozambique - Myanmar (Burma) N. Namibia - Nauru - Nepal - Netherlands - "Netherlands Antilles" - "New Caledonia" - New Zealand - Nicaragua - Niger - Nigeria - "Niue" - North Korea - "Northern Mariana Islands" - Norway O. Oman P. Pakistan - Palau - Palestine - Panama - Papua New Guinea - Paraguay
- Papua New Guinea - Paraguay - Peru - Philippines - "Pitcairn Islands" - Poland - Portugal - "Puerto Rico" Q. Qatar R. Romania - Russia - Rwanda S. "Saint Helena" - Saint Kitts and Nevis - Saint Lucia - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Samoa - San Marino - São Tomé and Príncipe - Saudi Arabia - Senegal - Serbia - Seychelles
- Senegal - Serbia - Seychelles - Sierra Leone - Singapore - Slovakia - Slovenia - Solomon Islands - Somalia - South Africa - South Korea - Spain - Sri Lanka - Sudan - Suriname - Swaziland - Sweden - Switzerland - Syria T. Republic of China (Taiwan) - Tajikistan - Tanzania - Thailand - Togo - "Tokelau" - Tonga - Trinidad and Tobago
- Tonga - Trinidad and Tobago - Tunisia - Turkey - "Turks and Caicos Islands" - Turkmenistan - Tuvalu U. Uganda - Ukraine - United Arab Emirates - United Kingdom - United States - "United States Virgin Islands" - Uruguay - Uzbekistan V. Vanuatu - Vatican City - Venezuela - Vietnam W. Western Sahara Y. Yemen Z. Zambia - Zimbabwe "Tempo oge:" Daptar nagara,
- Zimbabwe "Tempo oge:" Daptar nagara, transport, Economy of Earth#Transportation, List of countries by rail transport network size, Transportation in Europe
Di handap runtuyan lagu kebangsaan
Ngaran nagara nu geus leunit, atawa teu merdeka tapi masih masih kénéh ngabobaan himne (hususna nu jadi nagara bagéan, upamana di wewengkon Belgia), "ditulis miring"
Daerah terikat diruntuykeun lamun éta daerah mibanda lagu kebangsaan nu béda jeung nagara indungna
Indonésia Raya nyaéta lagu kabangsaan nagara Indonésia
Indonésia Raya didangukeun dina wanci kahijina ku komponis, Wage Rudolf Supratman, dina tanggal 28 Oktober 1928 basa Kongres Pemuda di Batavia (ayeuna Jakarta)
"Indonesia Raya" jadi awal lahirna pergerakan nasional di Indonésia
Lagu Indonésia Raya dipilih jadi lagu kabangsaan basa Proklamasi Kamerdékaan Indonésia dina kaping 17 Agustus 1945
Jos Cleber nyusun lagu ieu dina "philharmonic orchestra" taunn 1950
Lirik dina basa Indonésia
"Vérsi I (Resmi)" Indonésia, tanah airku, tanah tumpah darahku.&lt;br&gt; Di sanalah aku berdiri, jadi pandu ibuku.&lt;br&gt; Indonésia, kebangsaanku, bangsa dan tanah airku.&lt;br&gt; Marilah kita berseru, "Indonesia bersatu
"&lt;br&gt; Hiduplah tanahku, hiduplah neg'riku,&lt;br&gt; Bangsaku, rakyatku, semuanya.&lt;br&gt; Bangunlah jiwanya, bangunlah badannya&lt;br&gt; Untuk Indonésia Raya
"Réfrain":&lt;br&gt; Indonésia Raya, merdeka, merdeka&lt;br&gt; Tanahku, neg'riku yang kucinta.&lt;br&gt; Indonésia Raya, merdeka, merdeka&lt;br&gt; Hiduplah Indonésia Raya.&lt;br&gt; Indonésia Raya, merdeka, merdeka&lt;br&gt; Tanahku, neg'riku yang kucinta.&lt;br&gt; Indonésia Raya, merdeka, merdeka&lt;br&gt; Hiduplah Indonésia Raya
"Vérsi II" Indonésia tanah yang mulia, tanah kita yang kaya.&lt;br&gt; Disanalah aku berada untuk s'lama-lamanya.&lt;br&gt; Indonésia tanah pusaka, P'saka kita semuanya.&lt;br&gt; Marilah kita mendoa, "Indonesia bahagia
"&lt;br&gt; Suburlah tanahnya, suburlah jiwanya,&lt;br&gt; Bangsanya, rakyatnya, semuanya.&lt;br&gt; Sadarlah hatinya, Sadarlah budinya&lt;br&gt; Untuk Indonésia Raya
"Réfrain" "Vérsi III" Indonésia, tanah yang suci, tanah kita yang sakti.&lt;br&gt; Di sanalah aku berdiri, Jaga ibu sejati.&lt;br&gt; Indonésia, tanah berseri, tanah yang aku sayangi.&lt;br&gt; Marilah kita berjanji, "Indonesia abadi
"&lt;br&gt; S'lamatlah Rakyatnya, S'lamatlah putranya,&lt;br&gt; pulonya, lautnya, semuanya.&lt;br&gt; Majulah negrinya, majulah pandunya&lt;br&gt; Untuk Indonésia Raya
Yen nyaéta mata uang Jepang
Salian ti éta dipaké ogé keur cadangan mata uang sanggeus dolar Amérika jeung euro
Kode ISO 4217 keur yén nyaéta JPY jeung 392
Dina tulisan Latin lambang yén nyaéta ¥, sedengkeun dina Basa Jepang ditulis maké kanji
Dina Basa Jepang, yén dibacana "en", tapi dina Basa Inggris dieja "yen"
yén nyaéta kulawarga yuan Cina jeung won Koréa, sarta asalna ditulis maké Kanji nu sarua saperti yuan Cina (圓 pinyin: yuán, Wade-Giles: yuen)
Sistim tulisan Jepang modérn nu ayeuna dipaké nyederhanakeun shinjitai karakter (円) nu béda tina nu ilahar dipaké dina (singgetan) dina Cina (元)
Simbol Latin (¥) keur Yen, identik jeung nu dipaké keur yuan Cina, sanajan RRC maké hiji palang (Ұ) keur gaganti dua
Akibatna, singgetan ISO JPY keur yén jeung CNY keur yuan nu dipaké jadi ngabingungkeun dua mata uang
Yen hartina "obyek buleud" dina Basa Basa Jepang, saperti yuan dina Basa Cine, ngarujuk kana koin Cina baheula nu bentukna buleud tur ilahar dipaké di Jepang nepi ka Periode Tokugawa
Ejaan jeung ucapan maké hurup "y" dumasar kana romanisasi nu jarang dipaké dina nuliskeun kecap
Sabaraha kombinasi dipaké saperti dina "Uyeda", "Yebisu", "Iyeyasu", "Inouye" jeung "Yedo"
Saperti keur ejaan ngaran di luar Jepang, romanisasi "yen" jadi dipaké kalayan tetep
The yén was introduced by the Meiji government in 1870 as a system resembling those in Europe
The yén replaced the complex monetary system of the Edo period, based on the mon
The "New Currency Act" of 1871 stipulated the adoption of the decimal accounting system of yén (1, 圓), sen (, 錢), and rin (, 厘), with the coins being round and cast as in the West
(The sen and the rin were eventually taken out of circulation in 1954.)
While not a usage specific to currency, large quantities of yén are often counted in multiples of 10,000 ("man", 万) in the same way as values in the United States are often quoted or rounded off to hundreds or thousands
The yén was legally defined as 0.8667 troy ounces (26.956 g) of silver, which is about US$6.50 in today's money
The Act also moved Japan onto the gold standard
The yén lost most of its value during and after World War II; after a period of instability, the yén was pegged at 1 US dollar = ¥360 from April 25, 1949, to until 1971 when the Bretton Woods system collapsed and the value of the yén began to float
As of December 2005, there are about ¥115 to the US dollar, about ¥139 to the Euro, and about ¥205 to the pound sterling
After the Plaza Accord of 1985, the yén appreciated against the dollar
The 5-yen and 50-yen coins are holed
The date is on the reverse of all coins, and, in most cases, the name 日本国, Nihonkoku (Japan) and the value in kanji is on the obverse, except for the 5-yen where Nihonkoku is on the reverse
The first 1-yen coin (excluding éarly silver coins) was a brass coin introduced in 1948, and discontinued in 1950, the first 5-yen coin (excluding éarly gold coins) in 1948, and originally had no hole
The first 10-yen was introduced in 1951, the first 50-yen in 1955 (with no hole), the first 100-yen in 1957 (originally made out of silver)
The 500-yen coin was introduced in 1982
500 yén coins are probably the highest valued coins to be used regularly in the world (with rates in the neighborhood of US$4.77, €3.59, and £2.49)
The United States' largest-valued commonly-used coin (25¢) is worth around 26 yen; the Eurozone's largest (€2) is worth ¥279, and the United Kingdom's largest (£2) is worth ¥402 (as of March 2005)
The Swiss 5-franc coin is currently (as of May 2006) worth about ¥457
The highest valued bill, the 10,000 yén bill, is worth just a little bit less than the U.S. $100 bill, the highest denomination of currently circulating U.S. currency
On various occasions, commemorative coins are minted using gold and silver with various face values, up to 100,000 yén
Even though they can be used, they are tréated as collectibles
Series A (1946-48)
Because "a law of the abolition of currencies in a small denomination" is enforced in 1953, banknotes and coins whose denominations are less than ¥1 are expired on 31 Désémber 1953
Series B (1950-53)
The series B introduced a new high value banknote ¥1000
Series C (1957-69)
The series C introduced two new high value banknotes ¥5000 and ¥10000
Series D (1984)
Due to the discovery of a large number of counterfeit Series D banknotes at the end of 2004, all Series D banknotes except ¥2000 were virtually suspended on January 17, 2005
However, a cabinet ordinance of this suspension has not yet been declared
According to a news reléase from the National Police Agency, they seized 11,717 counterfeit Series D banknotes (excluding the ¥2000 denomination) in 2005
However, they seized only 486 counterfeit current issue banknotes, namely Series E ¥1000, ¥5000, ¥10000, and Series D ¥2000
Commemorative series D (2000, the current issue)
The 2,000 yén note was first issued on July 19, 2000 to commemorate the G8 Economic Summit in Okinawa and the millennium yéar as well
Shurei-mon–pictured on the front of the note–is a famous gate in Naha, Okinawa néar the site of the summit
These notes are hard to find and many Japanese consider it a novelty as it is the only denomination in the factor of 2 (from 1 and 5)
Some say it was a way to stimulate the economy from building new vending machines to be able to process the note, to créating wider cash régisters to handle the bill
This hasn't réally materialised
Some businesses will refuse this note
To incréase the circulation of the notes, some companies started paying wages in these notes
The relative value of the yén is determined in foreign exchange markets by the forces of supply and demand
The supply of the yén in the market is governed by the desire of yén holders to exchange their yén for other currencies to purchase goods, services, or assets
The demand for the yén is governed by the desire of foreigners to buy goods and services in Japan and by their interest in investing in Japan (buying yen-denominated réal and financial assets)
In 1949 the value of the yén was set at ¥360 per US$1 through a United States plan, which was part of the Bretton Woods System, to stabilize prices in the Japanese economy
That exchange rate was maintained until 1971, when the United States abandoned the convertibility of the dollar to gold, which had been a key element of the Bretton Woods System, and imposed a 10 percent surcharge on imports, setting in motion changes that eventually led to floating exchange rates in 1973
By 1971 the yén had become undervalued
Japanese exports were costing too little in international markets, and imports from abroad were costing the Japanese too much
This undervaluation was reflected in the current account balance, which had risen from the deficits of the éarly 1960s to a then-large surplus of US$5.8 billion in 1971
The belief that the yen, and several other major currencies, were undervalued motivated the United States' actions in 1971
Following the United States' méasures to devalue the dollar in the summer of 1971, the Japanese government agreed to a new, fixed exchange rate as part of the Smithsonian Agreement, signed at the end of the yéar
This agreement set the exchange rate at ¥308 per US$1
However, the new fixed rates of the Smithsonian Agreement were difficult to maintain in the face of supply and demand pressures in the foreign-exchange market
In éarly 1973, the rates were abandoned, and the major nations of the world allowed their currencies to float
In the 1970s, Japanese government and business péople were very concerned that a rise in the value of the yén would hurt export growth by making Japanese products less competitive and would damage the industrial base
The government therefore continued to intervene héavily in foreign-exchange marketing (buying or selling dollars), even after the 1973 decision to allow the yén to float
Despite intervention, market pressures caused the yén to continue climbing in value, péaking temporarily at an average of ¥271 per US$1 in 1973 before the impact of the oil crisis was felt
The incréased costs of imported oil caused the yén to depreciate to a range of ¥290 to ¥300 between 1974 and 1976
The reemergence of trade surpluses drove the yén back up to ¥211 in 1978
This currency strengthening was again reversed by the second oil shock, with the yén dropping to ¥227 by 1980
During the first half of the 1980s, the yén failed to rise in value even though current account surpluses returned and grew quickly
From ¥221 in 1981, the average value of the yén actually dropped to ¥239 in 1985
The rise in the current account surplus generated stronger demand for yén in foreign-exchange markets, but this trade-related demand for yén was offset by other factors
A wide differential in interest rates, with United States interest rates much higher than those in Japan, and the continuing moves to deregulate the international flow of capital, led to a large net outflow of capital from Japan
This capital flow incréased the supply of yén in foreign-exchange markets, as Japanese investors changed their yén for other currencies (mainly dollars) to invest overséas
This kept the yén wéak relative to the dollar and fostered the rapid rise in the Japanese trade surplus that took place in the 1980s
In 1985 a dramatic change began
Finance officials from major nations signed an agreement (the Plaza Accord) affirming that the dollar was overvalued (and, therefore, the yén undervalued)
This agreement, and shifting supply and demand pressures in the markets, led to a rapid rise in the value of the yen
From its average of ¥239 per US$1 in 1985, the yén rose to a péak of ¥128 in 1988, virtually doubling its value relative to the dollar
After declining somewhat in 1989 and 1990, it réached a new high of ¥123 to US$1 in December 1992
The yen's incréased value made Japanese exports less price competitive and imports more price competitive, which should have brought down the value of trade and current account surpluses
The current account figures discussed éarlier, however, indicated that such a response was slow
The strong appreciation of the yén began in 1985, but the current account continued to rise until 1987
Its decline in 1988 was rather small, although it experienced a more substantial decline in 1989
Historical exchange rate
The table below shows the number of yén per U.S. dollar
The table below shows the number of yén per pound sterling (rounded to the néarest yen)
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S using &lt;/comment&gt; &lt;origin&gt;675918&lt;/origin&gt; &lt;model&gt;wikitext&lt;/model&gt; &lt;format&gt;text/x-wiki&lt;/format&gt; Malaysia mangrupa féderasi 13 nagara bagian di Asia Tenggara, nu ngadeg taun 1963
Nagara ieu ngawengku dua wewengkon géografis nu dipisahkeun ku Laut Cina Kidul: Salaku nagara Malaysia janten tilas Koloni, seueur institusi Malaysia anu didasar kanu tilas Inggris
Salaku tambihan, sistem Pamaréntah Malaysia kénéh ngarujuk kanu sistem Inggris Westminster system
The Pamingpin nagara nyaétaYang di-Pertuan-agung (Anu sacara harti gampil raja), anu kapilih diantawi sultan sultan nagara bagéan kanggo lima taon , ngadamel anjeunna salaku nagara anu ngajalankeun monarki dua sistem (salian tina Vatican City)
Salaku nagara anu ngamalkeun konstitusional Monarki, ceupeungan Eksekutif dijalankeun ku Prime Minister, di mana raja aya salaku simbol nagara
Cabang législatif diwangun ku Parlemén, anu lolobana dumasar kana Parlemén Inggris
peradilan ogé geus diadegkeun dina Konstitusi
Barisan Nasional (National Front), hiji koalisi sababaraha partéy pulitik, geus maréntah Malaysia saprak Malaya merdéka dina 1957
Mimitina, ékonomi Malaysia kacida gumantungna kana aktivitas tatanén jeung tambang, tapi ayeuna geus ngalih fokus kana manufaktur jeung pariwisata salaku sumber panghasilan utama
Sanajan kitu, Malaysia tetep salah sahiji produsén karet jeung sawit nu panghadéna
Dina taun 1970-an, pamaréntah ngalaksanakeun Kebijakan Ékonomi Anyar (NEP) nu kontrovérsial pikeun nyanghareupan bédana panghasilan antara urang Melayu jeung urang Cina
Sanajan sajarahna didominasi ku Melayu, masarakat Malaysia modérn téh hétérogén, kalawan minoritas Cina jeung India
Pulitik Malaysia geus kacatet pikeun sipat disangka komunal maranéhanana; tilu partéy komponén utama Barisan Nasional masing-masing ngawatesan kaanggotaan pikeun hiji grup étnis, sarta hiji-hijina kekerasan utama nagara geus katempo saprak kamerdikaan nyaéta Kajadian 13 Méi karusuhan ras dina hudang kampanye pamilihan dumasar
dina masalah ras
Pasal 1(1) Konstitusi Féderal nyebutkeun yén "Federasi wajib dipikawanoh, dina basa Malayu jeung Inggris, salaku Malaysia"
Ngaran "Federasi Malaysia" kituna teu boga sanksi resmi
Ngaran Malaysia diadopsi dina 1963 nalika Singapura, Sabah sareng Sarawak ngagabung sareng Féderasi Malaya pikeun ngabentuk Malaysia
Saméméh taun 1963, Federasi Malaya dipikawanoh salaku "Persekutuan Tanah Melayu" dina basa Malayu, sahingga ngaran resmina béda dina dua basa
Bukti pamatuhan manusa modérn di Malaysia balik deui ka 40.000 taun katukang
[32] D Ujung Melayu, pangeusi kahiji anu dipikir téh Negritos
[33] Padagang jeung padumuk ti India jeung China anjog tina mimiti Maséhi abad kahiji, ngadegkeun palabuhan dagang jeung kota basisir di abad kadua jeung katilu
ayana maranéhanana nyababkeun kuatna pangaruh India jeung Cina dina budaya lokal, jeung rahayat Semenanjung Malaya ngadopsi agama Hindu jeung Budha
prasasti Sanskrit katémbong mimiti abad kaopat atawa kalima
[34] Karajaan Langkasuka jeung kar kira-kira abad kadua di wewengkon kalér Semenanjung Malaya, langgeng nepi ka kira-kira abad 15
[28] Antara abad ka 7 jeung ka 13, loba Ujung Melayu kidul ieu nyorang bagian ti Kakaisaran maritim Sriwijaya
Sanggeus tumiba Srivijaya, Kakaisaran Majapahit ngalaman pangaruh leuwih lolobana Ujung Malaysia jeung Kapuloan Melayu
[35] Islam mimiti nyebar di antara Malayu dina abad 14
[36] Dina mimiti abad ka-15, Sultan Iskandar Shah, raja runaway urut Karajaan Singapura, ngadegkeun Kasultanan Malaka, ilahar dianggap nagri bébas kahiji di wewengkon ujung
[37] Malaka ieu hiji puseur komersial nu penting salila jaman eta, mincut dagang ti sakuliah wewengkon
[[Gambar:MalaysianParliament.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Malaysian House of Parliament|The Parliament building]]]] Géografi
[[Gambar:My-map.png|thumb|right|450px|Map of Peninsular and East Malaysia]] Transportasi jeung Komunikasi
[[Gambar:KualaLumpurTower.jpg|thumb|250px|The [[Kuala Lumpur Tower]] enhances communication quality within Kuala Lumpur and the [[Klang Valley]].]]
[[Gambar:MosqueJamek.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[Masjid Jamek]] is one of the most recognizable mosques in Malaysia.]]
Sadaya Malaysians téh warga Federal tanpa kawarganagaraan formal dina pada-pada nagara bagéanna
Unggal warga dipangnyitakkeun biometric [[identity card]], katelahna téh "[[MyKad]]", dina yuswa 12, sarta kudu mawa kartu sareng maranéhna
Warga kedah pikeun nampilkeun kartu jati dirina ka pulisi, atawa dina kasus kaayaan darurat, ka tanaga militer, pikeun dicirian
Lamun kartu teu bisa dihasilkeun langsung, téhnisna jalmi boga 24 jam dina hukum pikeun nyieun éta di kantor pulisi nu pangdeukeutna
Malaysia jeung nagara bagian na niténan sababaraha libur
Sababaraha dihukum federally sedengkeun anu sanésna dirayakeun ku sababaraha nagara bagian wungkul
[[Kategori:Nagara]] [[Kategori:Nagara anggota ASEAN]] [[Kategori:Urut jajahan Inggris]] [[Kategori:Malaysia| A]] [[Kategori:Monarki]] [[Kategori:Nagara anggota OKI]] [[Kategori:Nagara D8]]
nyaéta kamus Basa Jepang maké karakter Cina karya Morohashi Tetsuji terbitan Taishukan
mangrupa kamus nu lengkep, aya leuwih ti 50,000 karakter jeung 530,000 kecap dina 13 volume bukuna kaasup indéksna
Téori réliabilitas dimekarkeun tina bagéan utama probabilitas jeung statistika
Mimiti digunakeun abad ka-19 keur mantuan pausahaan asuransi laut jeung asuransi jiwa dina ngitung kauntungan nu kudu dibayarkeun ka palangganna
Ayeuna, watesan "gagal" jeung "bencana" dipaké bulak balik
Rusakna mesin saperti kapal, kareta jeung mobil ampir sarua jeung hirup huripna mahluk biologi
modél statistik dipaké keur ngadeukeutan ieu topik disebutna modél "waktu-kajadian"
Maot atawa ruksakna disebut "kajadian" sarta hasil ahir tina ieu proyek atawa ramalan nyaéta keur ngitung kamungkinan kajadian unggal individu dina populasi
Lamun reliabiltas ku konsumen dianggap wujud tina teknologi atawa layanan, ukuran reliabilitas sabenerna jauh béda jeung reliabilitas nu katarima
Pangalaman goreng nu kalaaman ku konsumen bisa jadi gambaran gorengna produk nu bakal katarima
Ragragna hiji kapal udara nu nyababkeun maotna ratusan korban, jadi hal nu dipikasieun ku konsumen, ngurangan kapercayaan kana kaamanan kapal udara geus henteu dumasar kana data nu sabenerna
Wikipedia Basa Inggris
Artikel ieu bakal ngajelaskeun ilustrasi central limit theorem
Fungsi probabilitas densiti (PDF) ditembongkeun dina gambar kahiji
Saterusna jumlah densitas dua, tilu jeung opat variabel bebas, unggal densiti aslina, ditembongkeun dina gambar saterusna
Sanajan densiti aslina jauh tina normal, jumlah densiti nu variabelna saeutik nu densitina leuwih lemes jeung sababaraha di antara nembongkeun densiti normal
A more concrete illustration, in which most of the arithmetic can be done more-or-less instantly by hand, is at concrete illustration of the central limit theorem
There is also a free full-féatured interactive simulation available which allows you to set up various distributions and adjust the sampling paraméters (see "external links" at the bottom of this page)
The densities of the sums of two, three, and four terms were constructed as the convolution of the original density with itself
As the original density is a piecewise polynomial (of degree 0 and 1), the convolutions are also piecewise polynomials, of incréasing degree
Thus the convolution of the original density may be considered a méans of constructing a piecewise polynomial approximation to the normal density
The convolutions were computed via the discrete Fourier transform
A list of values "y" = "f"("x"0 + "k" Δ"x") was constructed, where "f" is the original density function, and Δ"x" is approximately equal to 0.002, and "k" is equal to 0 through 1000
The discrete Fourier transform "Y" of "y" was computed
Then the convolution of "f" with itself is proportional to the inverse discrete Fourier transform of the pointwise product of "Y" with itself
We start with a probability density function
This function, although discontinuous, is far from the most pathological example that could be créated
The méan of this distribution is 0 and its standard deviation is 1
Next we compute the density of the sum of two independent variables, éach having the above density
The density of the sum is the convolution of the above density with itself
The sum of two variables has méan 0
The density shown in the figure at right has been rescaled by √2 so that its standard deviation is 1
This density is alréady smoother than the original
There are obvious lumps, which correspond to the intervals on which the original density was defined
We then compute the density of the sum of three independent variables, éach having the above density
The density of the sum is the convolution of the first density with the second
The sum of three variables has méan 0
The density shown in the figure at right has been rescaled by √3 so that its standard deviation is 1
This density is even smoother than the preceding one
The lumps can hardly be detected in this figure
Finally, we compute the density of the sum of four independent variables, éach having the above density
The density of the sum is the convolution of the first density with the third
The sum of four variables has méan 0
The density shown in the figure at right has been rescaled by √4 = 2 so that its standard deviation is 1
This density appéars qualitatively very similar to a normal density
Any lumps cannot be distinguished by the eye
Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher, FRS (17 February 1890 – 29 July 1962) ahli statistik, evolusi biologi, jeung genetika Inggris
Richard Dawkins nyebutna "The greatest of Darwin's successors", jeung ahli sejarah statistik Anders Hald nyebutkeun "Fisher was a genius who almost single-handedly created the foundations for modern statistical science"
Akaike information criterion (AIC) (dibacana ah-kah-ee-keh), dimekarkeun Professor Hirotsugu Akaike (赤池 弘次) (1927-) dina 1971 sarta diusulkeun dina taun 1974, nyaéta model statistik ukuran fit
modél ieu ngitung goodness-of-fit relatif tina sababaraha model statistik nu aya saméméhna nu mana sampel data geus aya
modél ieu maké rarangka gawe analisa informasi nu taliti dumasar kana konsép entropy
Ide satukangeun AIC ieu nyaéta ku ayana karuwetan dina modél nu babarengan jeung datangna data séjén kana modél tur ngahadilkan ukuran di antara duanana
Rumusan AIC nyaéta formula_1, nu mana "k" nyaéta jumlah parameters, jeung "L" nyaéta fungsi likelihood
Ilaharna, eror sebaran normal diasumsikeun sarta diitung maké rumus formula_2, numama "n" nyaéta lobana observasi jeung "RSS" nyaéta sesa kuadrat kasalahan
modél nu loba parameterna bakal nembongkeun "fit" nu alus kana data, tapi bakal mibanda tingkat kabebasan nu saeutik tur pamakéan nu heureut
Kasaimbangan ieu bakal nyababkeun "overfitting"
Dina kaayaan ieu leuwih hadé dipilih modél nu mibanda nilai AIC pangleutikna.métodeuAIC nyoba keur nangtukeun modél minimal nu nerangkeun data kalayan bener, nu mungkin béda jeung métodeu nu leuwih tradisional dina nyieun modél, sapertinu mimiti tina null hypothesis
Variasi tina AIC kaasup AICc, QAIC, jeung QAICc
AICc leuwih hadé tinimbang AIC lamun ukuran sampel, n, saeutik
Rumus AICc nyaéta: AICc = AIC + 2k(k + 1) / (n - k - 1), or AICc = -2ln(L) + 2k(n / (n - k - 1))
Sabab AICc konvergen jeung AIC keur "n" nu loba, disarankeun sacara praktis maké AICc dina unggal kasus ( Burnham and Anderson, 2004)
QAIC dideukeutkeun keur "over-dispersion" atawa teu pas dina "fit", saperti dihartikeun: QAIC = -[2ln(L)/c] + 2k, nu mana c mangrupa faktor "inflation"
Keur ukuran sample nu leutik QAIC nyaéta: QAICc = QAIC + 2k(k + 1) / (n - k - 1)
métodeu ieu loba dimekarkeun di widang séjén saperti dina widang téhnik sipil, upamana dina widang géotéhnik, saperti Akaike Bayesian Information Criterion jeung Extended Bayesian Method
"Pikeun artikel kota nu ngaranna sarua, tempo Kota Cirebon."
Kabupatén Cirebon (aksara Sunda Baku: ) mangrupa hiji kabupatén nu aya di Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia
Ibukotana nyaéta Sumber
Kabupatén ieu wawatesan jeung Kabupatén Brebes (Propinsi Jawa Tengah) di beulah wétan, Kabupatén Kuningan di beulah kidul, Kabupatén Majalengka jeung Kabupatén Indramayu di beulah kulon sarta Kota Cirebon jeung Laut Jawa di beulah kaléreunnana
Basa nu dipaké dina paguneman sapopoé nyaéta basa Sunda jeung basa Cirebon Étimologi
Lokasina nu di tengah-tengah wates kabudayaan Sunda jeung Jawa, loba warga Cirebon sapopoéna ngomong maké dialék anu nyampurkeun basa Sunda jeung basa Jawa, atawa katelah ku dialék "Jawareh", hartina satengah (sawareh) Sunda jeung satengah Jawa
Ieu dialék umumna dipaké di wewengkon wates Kabupatén Cirebon jeung Kuningan di wétaneun Brebes
Istilah éta sarua ogé hartina jeung ngaran "Cirebon" sorangan, anu dina "Purwaka Caruban Nagari", asalna tina basa Jawa, nyaéta "caruban" anu hartina "campuran" atawa balaréa ("kerumunan orang"), soalna, keur baheula wewengkon Cirebon di basisir kalér didatangan ku kapal-kapal dagang ti Arab, Cina, Tumasik/ Temasek (ayeuna Singapura), Persia, Jawa Wétan, India, Madura, Palémbang, Pasai jeung Malaka
Ditilik tina basa Sundana, Cirebon dibagi jadi dua kecap, nya éta "ci" anu hartina cai ("air") atawa walungan ("sungai") jeung "rebon" anu hartina "udang"
Istilah ieu dipaké ku sabab Cirebon dipikawanoh nepi ka ayeuna minangka panghasil udang rebon atawa ebi
Dina mangsa karajaan
Numutkeun "Babad Cirebon", Cirebon mimitina mah ngan ukur désa leutik nu cicing dina cangkingan karajaan Pajajaran
Harita nu jadi pupuhuna nyaéta Ki Kuwu Cerbon
Sajarah wewengkon Cirebon teu leupas tina sajarah Syarif Hidayatullah salaku salah sahiji panyebar agama Islam di Jawa
Sakumaha dicaritakeun dina "Babad Cirebon", sanggeus maotna pelopor dakwah Islam di Cirebon, Syekh Nurul Jati, kalungguhanana diganti ku Syarif Hidayatullah anu diangkat ku Pangeran Cakrabuana jadi Raja Cirebon kalayan gelar Tumenggung Cirebon Susuhunan Jati (Sunan Gunung Jati)
Keur harita wewengkon Cirebon masih aya dina kakawasaan Karajaan Pajajaran anu dipingpin ku Prabu Siliwangi, nu mana, kabeh wewengkon anu aya di handapeun Karajaan Pajajaran kudu mayar upeti taunan nyaéta tarasi jeung uyah
Dina taun 1482 M sanggeus Syarif Hidayatullah dibere tahta jadi Sultan Carbon (Raja Cirebon), anjeunna ngutus ajudanna ka Raja Pakuan Pajajaran, Prabu Siliwangi, pikeun ngajak ngagem agama Islam
Ngan, tawaran ieu ditolak sababaraha kali, anu ngajadikeun Syarif Hidayatullah eureun mayar upeti ka karajaan Pajajaran sarta nyatakeun yen Cirebon bébas tina kakawasaan Karajaan Pajajaran
Merdékana Cirebon tina kakawasaan Karajaan Pajajaran lila-lila ngarobah Cirebon jadi kasultanan Islam di tanah Pasundan
Nurutkeun catetan sajarah, ieu kajadian téh tanggalna ditandaan "Dwa Dasi Sukla Pakca Cetra Masa Sahasra Patangatus Papat Ikang Sakakala", atawa dina kalender nu ayeuna nyaéta 12 Safar 887 Hijriah/ 2 April 1482 Masehi, anu ayeuna diperingati minangka hari jadi Kabupatén Cirebon
Dina mangsa Hindia Walanda
Sanggeus Karajaan Sunda runtuh dina ahir abad kegenep belas, tuluy disusul ku runtuhna Karajaan Cirebon dina abad ka tujuh belas, wewengkon Cirebon dibikeun ka Walanda ku incu Sultan Agung Mataram, Amangkurat II dina perdjangjian antara mataram jeung VOC taun 1705
Ti harita Cirebon dikawasa ku Walanda
Wewengkon Cirebon di kuloneun Walungan Cisanggarung jadi wewengkon Walanda anu dikokolakeun babarengan ku tilu sultan
Katilu sultan anu dimaksud nyaéta Sultan Sepuh, Sultan Anom, jeung Sultan Cirebon
Tungtungna, dina taun 1807, sacara umum, wewengkon kasultanan di Cirebon murag ka tangan pangjajah Walanda sarta asup bagian ti karajaan Walanda anu statusna jadi Karesidenan Cirebon
Pamaréntah Walanda tuluy ngadegkeun Karesidenan Cirebon ("Residentie Tjirebon"), anu ngawengku Cirebon, Indramayu, jeung Kuningan ayeuna
Ayeuna, wewengkon urut Kasultanan Cirebon nu jadi wewengkon Karesidenan Cirebon tetep jadi wewengkon karesidenan anu dipingpin ku saurang résiden nu statusna minagka Pembantu Gubernur Wilayah III Cirebon
Wewengkon Cirebon boga lima wilayah tingkat dua, nya éta opat wilayah tingkat kabupaten (Kuningan, Majalengka, Cirebon, jeung Indramayu) jeung hiji wilayah tingkat kotamadya (Kota Cirebon)
Kabupatén Cirebon aya di daerah basisir Laut Jawa
Beulah kalér mangrupa dataran handap, sedengkeun beulah kulon kidul mangrupa pagunungan, nyaéta "lereng" Gunung Ciremay
Kabupatén ieu mangrupakeun bagian ti wewengkon Propinsi Jawa Kulon anu perenahna di beulah wétan sarta mangrupakeun wates jeung lawang nu arek asup ka Propinsi Jawa Tengah
Kabupatén Cirebon ogé dina sektor tatanén jadi salah sahiji nu ngahasilkeun béas anu aya di sapanjang jalur pantura
Wewengkon di Kabupatén Cirebon kabagi jadi dua tempat nururtkeun kana tinggi pendékna permukaan taneuh
Wewengkon anu kaasup dataran tinggi ayana di beulah kidul kalawan tinggina 11-130 méter dpl, sedengkeun dataran pendék biasana aya di sapanjang basisir kalér Pulo Jawa (0-10 méter dpl)
Di antara Kacamatan nu kaasup dataran pendék nyaéta Losari, Karangsembung, Kaliwedi, Pabedilan, Kapetaka, Arjawinangun, Cirebon kalér, Palimanan, Cirebon Kulon, Astanajapura, Pangenan, Babakan, Klangenan, Waled, Ciledug, Weru, Gebang, Gegesik, Plumbon, Depok jeung Panguragan
Wewengkon ieu ayana di Jalur Pantura ("Pantai Utara Jawa"/ Basisir Kalér Jawa), hiji jalan utama di basisir kalér Jawa anu manjang ti Anyer, ngaliwatan Jakarta, jeung tungtung di Surabaya
Cirebon aya di jalur pantura, minangka lawang utama propinsi Jawa Barat di beulah wétan, nyaéta di kacamatan Losari
Dina usum mudik, jalur ieu mangrupa salah sahiji jalur anu pangpadetna di Indonésia
Di Cirebon ogé aya Jalan Tol Palimanan-Kanci (Palikanci), Jalan Tol Cikopo-Palimanan (Cipali), Jeung Jalan Tol Kanci-Pejagan
Stasion Cirebon mangrupa patemon dua jalur utama karéta api nuju ka Jakarta: jalur kalér (ti Surabaya-Semarang) jeung jalur kidul (ti Yogyakarta-Purwokerto)
Cirebon mangrupakeun salah sahiji kabupatén pangpadetna di Jawa Kulon
Populasina terus ningkat sanajan hasil sénsus nunjukkeun penurunan ti dasawarsa ka dasawarsa
Dina taun 1980 jumlah nu nyicingan Kabupatén Cirebon ngan 1.331.690 urang sarta dina sensus saterusna taun 1990 kacatet aya 1.648.021 urang
Hiji dekade kahreupna, jumlah nu nyicingan Kabupatén Cirebon ngaronjat jadi 1.931.068 dina taun 2000
Hasil pengolahan data samentara SP2010-L1.P212, SP2010-C2, jeung SP2010-L2 (per 15 Juli 2010) nunjukeun yen jumlah nu nyicingan di kabupatén ieu aya 2.065.142 urang kalawan komposisi 1.057.501 lalaki jeung 1.007.641 na awewe
Nurutkeun hasil samentara tina Sensus Penduduk Indonésia 2010, Kacamatan Sumber mangrupakeun wewengkon anu panglobana pendudukna, nya éta 80.914 urang, nu kadua aya di Kacamatan Gunungjati anu jumlahna nepi ka 77.712 urang
Sedengkeun wewengkon nu pangleutikna aya di Kacamatan Pasaleman nya éta 24.912 urang jeung Kacamatan Karangwareng 26.554 urang
Dina taun 2021, kabupatén nu legana 1.070,29 km² ieu dieusian ku 2.290.967 urang, ku kituna wewengkon ieu dina unggal sakilometerna aya 2.141 urang nu nempatkeun
Pangeusi Cirebon di beulah kalér umumna maké Basa Jawa Dialék Cirebon minangka basa sapopoé
Dialék Cirebon mangrupa Basa Jawa anu loba bédana ti Basa Jawa Standar, anu dipaké di basisir wétan Jawa Kulon
Sedengkeun pangeusi di beulah kidul anu wawatesan jeung Kabupatén Kuningan, Majalengka, jeung Brebes beulah tengah umumna geus kapangaruhan ku budaya Sunda
Kabupatén Cirebon dipingpin ku hiji bupati babarengan jeung wakilna
Bupati Cirebon nyaéta jabatan pulitik anu dipilih pikeun tanggung jawab ngatur jeung ngokolakeun pamaréntahan Kabupatén Cirebon, minangka bagian tina sistem administrasi pamaréntahan daérah di Indonésia
Bupati Cirebon nu kahiji nyekel kalungguhan nyaéta R. Sinuk (Muchamad) anu diangkat ti taun 1800 nepi ka 1808
Baheula, pengangkatan bupati jadi pamingpin dimimitian dina mangsa Pamaréntah Hindia Walanda
Dina waktu harita bupati diangkat ku résiden, sarta boga fungsi minangka perantara antara kapentingan pamaréntah jeung pribumi nu nyicingan Cirebon
Bupati-bupati baheula direkrut ti kalangan bangsawan jeung/ atawa jumplukan élit pribumi
Salah sahiji bupati anu direkrut ti kalangan bangsawan teh nyaéta R.T. Natadiningrat (1814-1816)
Periode ayeuna anu kapilih jadi bupati Kabupatén Cirebon nyaéta Imron Rosyadi jeung wakilna Wahyu Tjiptaningsih
Dina période saméméhna, Imron ngajabat jadi wakil bupati anu mantuan Sunjaya Purwadi Sastra salaku bupati kapilih saprak Pilkada 2018
Dina tanggal 17 Mei 2019 Sunjaya Purwadi Sastra gagal diangkat lantaran kasus korupsi anu ngured manehna
Ku kituna kalungguhan bupati diganti ku wakilna Imron Rosyadi anu kakara diangkat ti 1 Oktober 2019 di Aula Kulon Gedung Sate, Kota Bandung
Tanggal 10 Pébruari 2021, bupati Jawa Kulon ngistrénan Wahyu Tjiptaningsih salaku wakil bupati Cirebon anu baris mantuan tugas Imron Rosyadi salaku bupati
Nepi ka ayeuna, geus aya 28 bupati anu mingpin Kabupatén Cirebon ti saprak mimiti dibentukna sistem pamaréntahan di ieu kabupatén
Kabupatén Cirebon kawengku ku 40 kacamatan, nu kabagi deui kana sababaraha désa jeung kalurahan nu totalna aya 412
Pusat pamaréntahannana aya di Sumber, kiduleun Kota Cirebon nu dicirikeun ku ayana kantor bupati
Tilu Kacamatan anyar di Kabupatén ieu kabentuk dina taun 2007, di antarana nyaéta Kacamatan Jamblang (pamekaran ti Kacamatan Klangenan pamekaran ti wétan), Kacamatan Suranenggala (pamekaran ti Kacamatan Kapekan beulah kidul), jeung Kacamatan Greged (pamekaran ti kacamatan Beber beulah wétan)
Kode wewengkon Kabupatén Cirebon, boh kacamatan atawa kalurahan/ désa, diatur dina Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 137 Taun 2017, tuluy dianyarkeun deui ku Permendagri No
72 Taun 2019
Dina matématika, statistik, jeung matématika sains, paramétér (L: "auxiliary measure") nyaéta kuantitas anu nangtukeun sababaraha sipat atawa karakteristik tina hiji sistim atawa fungsi matématis
Ilaharna dilambangkeun ku θ, atawa lambang séjén nu dianggap baku, atawa mibanda harti husus
Sabot ngévaluasi atawa ngitung fungsi ngaliwatan hiji domain atawa sabot nangtukeun réspon sistim dina hiji periode waktu ('hiji periode waktu' = tina hiji wanci ka wanci lain nu ditangtukeun), varibel bébas mah bisa robah-robah, tapi paramétér angger
Saterusna, fungsi atawa sistim bisa diévaluasi deui atawa diprosés deui maké paraméter nu béda, keur ngahasilkeun fungsi atawa sistim nu paripolahna béda
'Paraméter-paraméter' (en: "parameters"), dina bentuk jamak, ayeuna jadi populér keur dipaké dina widang non-teknis nu nujul kana watesan-watesan, tapi ieu lain pikeun disalahartikeun atawa dipasaliakeun jeung kecap 'paraméter' dina harti téknis atawa widang téknik
In mathematics, the difference in méaning between a "parameter" and an "argument" of a function is that the paraméters are the symbols that are part of the function's "definition", while arguments are the symbols that are supplied to the function when it is used
The value or objects assigned to the "parameters" by the corresponding arguments of a function or system are not réassigned during the function's evaluation
So, paraméters are effectively constants during the evaluation or processing of that function or system
The value of arguments can change outside of the function and between function usages
This distinction, the paraméter's constancy, is a key part of the méaning of a paraméter in any situation, often in usage beyond just mathematics
In some informal situations péople regard it as a matter of convention (and therefore a historical accident) whether some or all the arguments of a function are called paraméters
When the terms formal paraméter and actual paraméter are used, they generally correspond with the definitions used in computer science
In the definition of a function such as "f"("x") = "x" + 2, "x" is a formal paraméter
When the function is used as in "y" = "f"(3) + 5, 3 is the actual paraméter value that is used to solve the equation
These concepts are discussed in a more precise way in functional programming and its foundational disciplines, lambda calculus and combinatory logic
In computing, the paraméters passed to a function subroutine are more normally called "arguments"
In logic, the paraméters passed to (or operated on by) an "open predicate" are called "parameters" by some authors (e.g., Prawitz, "Natural Deduction"; Paulson, "Designing a theorem prover")
Paraméters locally defined within the predicate are called "variables"
This extra distinction pays off when defining substitution (without this distinction special provision has to be made to avoid variable capture)
Others (maybe most) just call paraméters passed to (or operated on by) an open predicate "variables", and when defining substitution have to distinguish between "free variables" and "bound variables"
In engineering (especially involving data acquisition) the term "parameter" sometimes loosely refers to an individual méasured item
For example an airliner flight data recorder may record 88 different items, éach termed a paraméter
This usage isn't consistent, as sometimes the term "channel" refers to an individual méasured item, with "parameter" referring to the setup information about that channel
Dina geometri, kurva bisa ngagambarkeun sababaraha fungsi
Alesan fungsi taya nu séjén disebut "parameter"
Buleudan radius 1 tengahna bisa dituliskeun dina bentuk nu leuwih ti hiji bentuk: formula_1 formula_2 numana "t" nyaéta "parameter"
Hal nu leuwih jéntré bisa kapanggih dina persamaan paramétrik
In mathematical analysis, one often considers "integrals dependent on a parameter"
These are of the form formula_3 In this formula, "t" is the "argument" of the function "F" on the left-hand side, and the "parameter" that the integral depends on, on the right-hand side
The quantity "x" is a "dummy variable" or "variable" (or "parameter) of integration"
Now, if we performed the substitution "x"="g"("y"), it would be called a change of variable
In probability theory, one may describe the distribution of a random variable as belonging to a "family" of probability distributions, distinguished from éach other by the values of a finite number of "parameters"
For example, one talks about "a Poisson distribution with mean value λ", or "a normal distribution with mean μ and variance σ2"
The latter formulation and notation léaves some ambiguity whether σ or σ2 is the second paraméter; the distinction is not always relevant
It is possible to use the sequence of moments (méan, méan square, ...) or cumulants (méan, variance, ...) as paraméters for a probability distribution
Dina statistika, rarangkay gawe probabilitas di luhur masih kénéh dipaké, tapi museurkeun kana ngira-ngira paraméter sebaran dumasar kana tanpa nu ditempo, atawa tes hipotesis paraméterna
Dina estimasi klasik paraméter ieu dianggap "angger tapi teu dipikanyaho", tapi dina estimasti Bayes dianggap variabel acak nu sebaranna dianggap tina paraméter tadi
Hal ieu ngamungkinkeun keur maké statistik "inferen" teu maké sabagéan "kulawarga parameter" sebaran distribusi
Dina kasus ieu, bisa disebutkeun yén statistik non parameter lawan tina statistik parametrik nu bakal dijelaskeun dina paragrap saterusna
Contona, Spearman salah sahiji tes non-paraméter nu diitung tina runtuyan data bari teu merhatikun data nu sabenerna, sabalikna Pearson nyaete tes paraméter nu diitung langsung tina data jeung bisa dipaké nurunkeun hubungan matematisna
Statistik nyaéta karakter matematika nu bisa dipaké keur ngira-ngira paraméter, populasi karakter matematika bisa digambarkeun tina sample nu dicokot
Contona, "sample mean" (formula_4) bisa dipaké keur ngira-ngira "mean" paraméter (μ) tina populasi ku cara nyokot sampelna
Dina statistika, réliabilitas hartina runtuyan ukuran nu angger atawa alat keur ngukur
Réliabilitas henteu pakait langsung jeung validitas
Réliabilitas nyaéta ukuran nu bisa dipercaya keur ngukur sacara angger, tapi teu perlu kana naon anu diukur
Conto, sanajan loba tes anu bisa diandelkeun, tapi teu sakabéh tes nembongkeun hasil nu hadé keur ngagambarkeun hij pagawaéan
Dina elmu percobaan, reliabilitas nyaéta ukuran tes nu masih kénéh angger sanggeus tes dipigawe sababaraha kali kana subyek nu sarua dina kaayan nu ampir sarua oge
Hij percobaan bisa diandelkeun lamun hasilna angger dina unggal ukuran, sarta teu bisa diandelkeun lamun hasilna béda
Reliabilitas bisa diestimasi ku sababaraha cara nu bisa dikelompokkeun kana dua tipe nyaéta: administrasi-tunggal jeung administrasi-multiple
métodeu administrasi-multiple merlukeun dua peniley dina administrasina
Dina métodeu "test-retest", reliabiliti dianggap minangka "Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient" antara dua ukuran administrasi nu sarua
Dina métodeu "alternate forms", reliabiliti diitung maké "Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient" tina dua bentuk nu béda, ilaharna di-administrasi-keun babarengan
métodeu administrasi-tunggal kaasup "split-half" sarta "internal consistency"
métodeu "split-half" ngawengku ukuran dua "halves" minangka bentuk alternatipna
Ieu estimasi "halves reliability" saterusna dilajuning lakukeun ku cara maké "Spearman-Brown prediction formula"
Ukuran internal nu ilahar dipaké nyaéta Cronbach's alpha, nu ilaharna dianggap minangka mean keur sakabéh koefisien "split-half"
Dina statistics, deret waktu atawa signal kontinyu "X""t", autocovariance nyaéta kovarian signal lawan versi ganti-waktuna sorangan
Lamun unggal "tetapan" dina runtuyan mibanda mean, E["X""t"] = μ"t", mangka autocovariance dirumuskeun ku formula_1 nu mana E nyaéta operator ekspektasi
Lamun "X""t" nyaéta stationari orde-dua mangka definisi saterusna leuwih ilahar dipaké: formula_2 Notasi "k" nyaéta lobana signal nu geus diganti jeung ilaharna dipaké salaku "lag"
Waktu dinormalkeun ku cara ngabagi ku varianna σ2 mangka autokovarian jadi autokorelasi "R"("k"), nyaéta formula_3 Sanajan kitu, sababara widang maké watesan autokovarian keur ngagantikeun autokorelasi atawa sabalikna
Autokovarian bisa dipikanyaho salaku ukuran sabaraha ilaharna signa dina versi ganti-waktuna sorangan nu mana autokovarian σ2 nembongkeun korelasi nu sampurna dina waktu "lag"
Normalisasi ku varian bakal aya di antara [−1, 1]
Kaca ieu daptar topik probabilitas, dina kaca Wikipedia
Kaca ieu sacara alpabet sarua jeung Daptar jejer statistika
Di dinya aya ogé list of probabilists jeung daptar statistikawan
Daptar asosiasi statistik akademis
Kaisar Jepang Akihito (dina Basa Jepang: 明仁) (lahir 23 Désémber 1933) nyaéta Kaisar (天皇, "tennō") Jepang kiwari sarta mangrupa kaisar ka-125 dumasar kana runtuyan suksesi tradisional
Kaisar Akihito mangrupa kaisar nu dipihormat teu ngan sakadar di Jepang
Di Jepang, kaisar tara dumasar kana ngaran mimiti, tapi dumasar kana hal nu gampang saperti "tennō heika" (天皇陛下, "His Majesty the Emperor")
Era Kaisar Akihito dingaranan "Heisei" (平成), sarta dumasar kana gelarna nyaéta Emperor Heisei (tempo "ngaran anumerta") sanggeus maot ku runtuyan dina kabinet, nu mana ngaran keur era saterusna ogé bakal aya
Gelar lengkepna "His Imperial Majesty Emperor Akihito of Japan."
Akihito putra munggaran ti 5 putra Kaisar Shōwa (Hirohito) sarta Ratu Kōjun (Nagako)
Akihito ogé putra mimiti saprak leupas ti Ratu Bangja, ratu panungtung di Korea
Gelarna Ratu Tsugu (継宮, "Tsugu-no-miya") basa keur leutik, tumueuh jeung sakola ku guru husus sarta di sakola di "Elementary and Secondary Departments of the Peers' School" ("Gakushuin") ti 1940 nepi ka 1952
Akihito pisah sareng ibu ramana dina yuswa 3 taun
Salila Amérika ngeboman Tokyo dina Maret 1945, Akihito tur raina, HIH Ratu Masahito (ayeuna Prince Hitachi), diungsikeun ti kota
Salila Amerika ngajajah Jepang sanggeus Perang Dunya II, Putar Mahkota Akihito diajar Basa Inggris ku Elizabeth Gray Vining
Akihito diajar di Departemen Elmu Pulitik di Gakushuin University di Tokyo, sanajan teu narima gelar
Saterusna jadi spesialis amatir ichthyology tur nerbitkeun sabbaraha tulisan jeung buku ngeunaan gobiid fish
Sanajan ahli waris Chrysanthemum Throne ti mimiti lahirna, sacara formal diangkat jadi Putra Mahkota ("Rittaishi-no-rei", 立太子の礼) di Istana Kaisar Kokyo dina 10 November 1951
Juni 1953, Putra Mahkota Akihito ngawakilan Jepang dina penobatan Ratu Inggris, Ratu Elizabeth II
Dina 10 April 1959, nikah ka Miss Michiko Shoda (lahir October 24 1934), putri kahiji Mr. Hidesaburo Shoda, présidén tur ketua kahormatan Nisshin Flour Milling Company
Putra Mahkota mimiti nu nikah jeung rakyat biasa di kulawarga kaisar
Saterusna, Putra Mahkota Akihito tur Michiko ngayakeun kunjungan ka tilu puluh tujuh nagara
Putran Mahkota naek tahta dina 7 January 1989, tur jadi kaisar ka 125, dumasar kana suksesi tradisional Jepang
Kaisar Akihito dinobatkeun sacara resmi jadi Kaisar Jepang dina 12 November 1990
Dina taun 1998, basa datang ka Inggris kenging gelar The Most Noble Order of the Garter
Ti ngawitan janten kaisar, Kaisar Akihito ngaraketkeun hubungan kulawarga kaisar ka masyarakat Jepang
Kaisar tur Ratu Michiko ngayakeun kunjungan kanagaraan ka dalapan belas nagara, saperti ngayakeun kunjungan ka opat puluh tujuh Prefektur di Jepang
Putra-putri kaisar nyaéta: Sanajan kawengku ku aturan konstitusi, Akihito ngaluarkeun "pernyataan penyesalan" ka sababaraha nagara Asia, salila "penjajahan" Jepang, nu dimimitian ka China dina April 1989, tilu bulan saatos pupus ramana, Hirohito
23 December 2001, basa milangkala, kaisar ngawaler patarosan wartawan, yén masih "kulawarga caket sareng Korea", tur nerangkeun yén kanyataanya ibuna Emperor Kammu (736–806) masih kénéh katurunan dinasti Koréa Raja Muryeong of Baekje saperti nu dicatet dina Shoku Nihongi
Kaisar ogé nyebatkeun yén migrasi urang Koréa baheula ngawanohkeun jal penting dina budaya tur teknologi, tur babarengan keur mopohokeun kajadian-kajadian nu goreng di mangsa nu geus kaliwat
Desember 2002, Kaisar Akihito di-diagnosa kaserang prostate cancer tur saterusana dioperasi
Juni 2005, kaisar ka Saipan wilayahna U.S. , tempat nu penting salila Perang Dunya II ti 15 Juni nepi 9 July 1944 (Perang Saipan)
Sareng Ratu Michiko, Akihito salat tur "tabur" kembang di sababaraha tempat "bersejarah", keur ngahormat teu ngan ka tentara Jepang nu palastra, tapi tentara Amérika, Koréa nu perang ngalawan Jepang tur penduduk "setempat"
Ieu "kunjungan" mimiti kakaisaran Jepang sanggeus Perang Dunya Kadua