{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.73360675573349, "wiki_prob": 0.73360675573349, "text": "July Was Earth's Hottest Month on Record, European Scientists Conclude\nBy Bob Henson\nJuly 2019 was the planet's warmest month on record, according to an initial analysis.\nThe hottest regions on Earth relative to normal included western Europe and Alaska.\nThe warmth occurred despite the absence of a strong El Ni\u00f1o event.\nIn the wake of a massive heat wave across western and northern Europe, researchers at the Copernicus Climate Change Service have estimated that July 2019 was the planet\u2019s warmest month on record, narrowly topping July 2016.\nThe Copernicus group found the global temperature in July was about 0.04 degrees Celsius (0.07 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer than July 2016. July is typically the warmest month of the year globally, running about 3 to 4 degrees Celsius (5 to 7 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer than January.\nThis is because most of the planet\u2019s land area \u2013 which warms faster than oceans \u2013 is located in the Northern Hemisphere, so the northern summer coincides with the warmest global average.\nThe Copernicus analyses extend back to 1979. Because of long-term global warming, this July\u2019s record is effectively a record for at least the past century of global observation.\nOther groups that monitor monthly temperature, including NASA and NOAA, will be releasing their findings later in August.\nJuly 2019 was the planet's warmest month on record, according to the Copernicus Climate Change Service. Among the hottest spots relative to the 1981-2010 average were western Europe, central Asia, Alaska and most of Africa and Australia.\n(Copernicus/WMO)\nMost global heat records are set during or just after El Ni\u00f1o events, which bring warm undersea water to the surface across much of the tropical Pacific, thus warming the atmosphere above.\nThis July\u2019s record is especially striking because it occurred during a weak to marginal El Ni\u00f1o event. In contrast, the July 2016 record occurred at the tail end of one of the strongest El Ni\u00f1o events on record.\nWhile El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a tend to warm and cool the atmosphere for a year or two each, these events are happening on top of longer-term warming related to human-produced greenhouse gases, so the global warm spikes are getting warmer and the cool spikes less cool.\n\u201cWe have always lived through hot summers. But this is not the summer of our youth. This is not your grandfather\u2019s summer,\u201d said UN Secretary-General Ant\u00f3nio Guterres, commenting last Thursday in New York on the likelihood of a new temperature record from Copernicus.\n\u201cPreventing irreversible climate disruption is the race of our lives, and for our lives. It is a race that we can and must win,\u201d he added.\nThe Copernicus analyses are carried out by the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), which operates weather forecast models and climate prediction models used around the world.\nDifferent analyses of monthly global temperature (such as those from NASA, NOAA and the Japan Meteorological Agency) can result in slightly different rankings, based on how groups account for data-sparse areas.\nThe Copernicus analyses combine global temperature data from surface weather stations with background information from a forecast model that incorporates satellite and other data. The model analysis plays a larger role in regions with few weather stations.\nGlobal Hot Spots in July\nDozens of European cities set new all-time high-temperature records in July, including Paris, France (108.7 degrees); Amsterdam, Netherlands (97.3 degrees); and Helsinki, Finland (91.8 degrees). Five nations saw their hottest temperatures ever recorded:\nBelgium: 107.2 degrees at Begijnendijk, July 25\nGermany: 108.7 degrees at Lingen, July 25\nLuxembourg: 105.4 degrees at Steinsel, July 25\nNetherlands: 105.3 degrees at Gilze Rijen, July 25\nUnited Kingdom: 101.7 degrees at Cambridge, July 25\nAnother part of the world with extreme warmth relative to July norms was Alaska. At least 13 Alaska locations chalked up their hottest month on record, and the state very likely hit such a mark as well, according to climatologist Dr. Brian Brettschneider. The Anchorage airport hit 90 degrees on July 4, breaking its all-time record by 5 degrees, and the city had its warmest month on record by far.\nThe Alaskan heat has coincided with record-low sea-ice extent in the Chukchi Sea to the north, as well as across the entire Arctic.\nJuly was considerably cooler than average over parts of eastern Europe and western Russia. Much of eastern Canada and parts of the south-central U.S. were also cooler than average for July, with a dramatic cool spell in late July setting daily record lows across the South.\nHowever, several cities in New England \u2013 including Boston \u2013 had their hottest month on record.\nAll-time high-temperature records have been broken this year in 13 of the world\u2019s nations and territories, and tied in another. In contrast, no all-time national cold records have been broken thus far in 2019.\nThe largest number of all-time national/territorial heat records set or tied in a single year was the 22 heat records that occurred in 2016, according to international records researcher Maximiliano Herrera.\nThe runners-up are 2019 and 2017, each with 14 heat records.", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line401859"}
{"pred_label": "__label__cc", "pred_label_prob": 0.5491981506347656, "wiki_prob": 0.4508018493652344, "text": "Bahrain comprises of more than 30 islands situated in the Persian Gulf. It\u2019s a country that is steeped in history and Bahrain was once the centre of trade in ancient times. With rich heritage, including archaeological sites, royal tombs and temples, Bahrain is a country of mystery. But be warned, a large proportion of these islands consist of sandy desert and naturally the temperature during the day is hot and rather arid. For western visitors, Bahrain represents a gentle introduction to the Arabian Gulf and many Formula 1 enthusiasts flock here for the annual Bahrain Grand Prix.\nOnly rich Middle Eastern countries can afford to build conventional grass golf courses, which naturally require significant quantities of water to survive in the desert heat. Bahrain is a small country with declining oil reserves but it does have one golf course that is not only sown with grass, but it\u2019s also floodlit. Karl Litten knows a thing or two about desert golf and he was the original architect behind Bahrain\u2019s only grass course \u2013 then known as Riffa Golf Club \u2013 but in 2007 the course closed and was redeveloped by European Golf Design with Colin Montgomerie, emerging in 2009 as the Royal Golf Club.\nOur Middle East rankings were last updated in March 2021. Click the link to read the story.\nRoyal Golf Club (Montgomerie)\nAl Mazrowiah, Al-Mu\u1e25\u0101fa\u1e93at al-Jan\u016bb\u012byah\nBahrain Top 100 Leaderboard", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1335850"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.6806969046592712, "wiki_prob": 0.6806969046592712, "text": "HomeViral Video\nHelene Boudreau\u2019s photos and videos were leaked on Twitter, Reddit, and social media.\nHelene Boudreau\u2019s photos and videos were leaked on Twitter, Reddit, and social media. H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Boudreau went back to her old place of employment in order to finish the requirements for her Bachelor of Fine Arts and Media degree. When Boudreaux\u2019s famed UQAM graduation photo was blown up in 2021, it catapulted him to the forefront of the public eye. Follow For More Updates at Rapiddnews.com\nIt appears that in spite of all the attention and recognition she has received, she did not actually graduate from high school.\nThe OnlyFans tycoon broke the news on her Instagram account, where she also provided an explanation for why, despite having taken her graduation photo, she did not receive the required number of credits to earn her degree. However, that is going to change.\nHelene Boudreau\u2019s photos and videos\nH\u00e9l\u00e8ne recently announced her plans to return to school in an Instagram post, writing, \u201cToday I found out I\u2019m restarting my courses at UQAM to finally complete my bachelor\u2019s degree.\u201d \u201cI began taking photographs in the year 2021, but the year 2022 was the one in which I finally received my diploma. After everything that has happened with UQAM, I am prepared to\u2026 oh yes.\u201d\nBoudreau did not disclose whether or not she intended to attend classes in person or via the internet, but it is safe to say that people are looking forward to her coming back.\nOne of your followers said that they were \u201clooking forward to seeing you.\u201d Another person remarked, \u201cYou are one of the few people who can declare that your studies have been worthwhile.\u201d\nBoudreau also revealed her decision to return to school via Instagram Stories, adding that she had reached the point in her life when she wanted to finish what she had started.\nLeaked Video Ruby Salvo Viral on Twitter and TikTok, Link Full Video\nCCTV Film of Z-Ro and Trae Tha Truth Fighting Goes Viral On Twitter And YouTube\nA Toronto Couple Caught Engaging in S**ual Activity During a Blue Jays Game Goes Viral On Twitter, YouTube, and Reddit!\nWho is Kiera Hogan? Full Link to the Leaked and Viral Video on Twitter and Reddit!", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line666320"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.9775970578193665, "wiki_prob": 0.9775970578193665, "text": "Lee Brice at NYCB Theatre at Westbury\nLee Brice Tickets\nNYCB Theatre at Westbury | Westbury, NY\nTime will stop as you indulge in the gorgeous voice of the rising star of country music, Lee Brice on July 11, 2013, 08:00 PM at the Westbury Music Fair in New York. You\u2019ll be showered by his emotion-filled songs, stunning stage presence and ornately resonant, incredibly masculine vocals, could there be anything better than that?\nThe man with a golden knack in song writing and singing, Lee Brice was a four-time nominee of the Academy of Country Music Award, nominated as the New Artist of the Year in 2012 CMA Awards and Top New Male Artist in 2013 ACM Awards. This American country music singer began writing songs for Jason Aldean, Cowboy Crush and Keith Gattis in 2007. He co-wrote Garth Brook\u2019s single \u201cMore Than a Memory\u201d which became the first single to debut at no. 1 in the history of Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. Lee emerged in the music scene as his major-label first studio album \u201cLove Like Crazy\u201d released on June 2010 and debuted at no. 9 on the US Billboard Top Country Albums chart. It charted three singles, \u201cShe Ain\u2019t Right\u201d, \u201cHappy Endings\u201d and \u201cUpper Middle Class White Trash\u201d. In October 2011, his sixth single \u201cA Woman Like You\u201d from the second album \u201cHard 2 Love\u201d was released. The song stayed at no. 3 on the Hot Country Songs chart for 56 weeks making it the song with the longest run in chart\u2019s history. The album spawned another two no. 1 singles, \u201cHard to Love\u201d and \u201cI Drive Your Truck\u201d. His cohesive musical style has gained him a lot of praises from critics.\nThis is something you should never miss. Ticket sales are going crazy, so you must secure yours ASAP!", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line163104"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.8942691683769226, "wiki_prob": 0.8942691683769226, "text": "Chelsea look set to be one of the busiest Premier League clubs in the January transfer window. The Blues spent over \u00a3250million in the summer with the likes of Raheem Sterling, Wesley Fofana, Marc Cucurella and Kalidou Koulibaly all moving to Stamford Bridge.\nSterling has struggled to have the same impact as he did at Manchester City since signing for Chelsea, whilst there is still a need for a capable back-up option for Reece James. James did not make the England World Cup squad after picking up a knee injury in the Blues\u2019 match against AC Milan in October, forcing Cesar Azpilicueta and Ruben Loftus-Cheek having to fill in at right wing- back.\nPotter will be hoping to add players that fit into his style of play in January after inheriting Thomas Tuchel\u2019s squad in September. Denzel Dumfries and Memphis Depay are two players that have been linked with a move to west London and both players have impressed at the World Cup.\nChelsea opted to sign Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang ahead from Barcelona on Deadline Day in the summer instead of Depay, but continue to be linked with the Dutch forward. The 28-year-old wanted to fight for his place at Camp Nou despite their new signings, but with his contract set to expire next summer, he could be available for as little as \u00a35million as per various reports . Dumfries was linked with a move to Stamford Bridge in the summer when Romelu Lukaku sealed a return to Inter Milan on loan, but a deal never materialised for the Dutch defender.\nChelsea may look to go back in for the Netherlands international who is valued at \u20ac50million (\u00a342million) by CIES Football Observatory . The 26-year-old plays at right wing-back for both club and country and has registered five goal contributions in 24 appearances so far this season.\nJames\u2019 injury came as a huge blow for the Blues with Potter not having a suitable option to replace him with, meaning a move for Dumfries could strengthen his squad\u2019s depth and quality moving forward and not result in him changing formations when a key player is absent.\nDumfries grabbed the assist for Depay\u2019s goal which saw the Netherlands take the lead against the USA in their World Cup round of 16 tie. The Dutch defender burst down the right wing before cutting it back to Depay in the penalty box, with the Barca striker firing the ball past Matt Turner into the back of the net.\nNetherlands stars Denzel Dumfries and Matthijs de Ligt speak out on Chelsea interest", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line304938"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.6106107234954834, "wiki_prob": 0.6106107234954834, "text": "In a world where blockbusters are about more than just movies, we proudly bring you our First Annual Summer Movie Blockbuster Trademark Extravaganza! Come for the fun trademark facts, stay for the trailers.\nIn 2014, the Summer box office grossed over $4 billion. The top five grossing movies were:\nX-Men: Days of Future Past\nWhat do all of those movies have in common? Other than digital (and other \u2013 ahem) enhancements?\nTrademarks! And lots of them. You see, today\u2019s tentpole movies are as much about brand-building as they are about entertaining. Sure, $100 million at the domestic box office is great, but it is nothing compared to the multipliers big Summer movie\u2019s can experience via merchandising. That is where trademarks play an important role \u2013 a fact that is not lost on movie studios. As you will see, attorneys for the major studios have been hard at work pursuing trademark protection for this Summer\u2019s potential blockbusters.\nHere are our top five to keep an eye on:\n1. Avengers: Age of Ultron\nStudio: Marvel (a subsidiary of the Walt Disney Company)\nMarvel had two of its movies make it into the top five for the Summer movie box office in 2014. With Avengers: Age of Ultron, it is likely to continue the winning streak. To date, The Avengers is the third highest grossing move of all-time (not adjusting for inflation) with over $1.5 billion on box office receipts. Reports indicate that Marvel (and Disney) stacked up another $1 billion plus in receipts from selling merch related to The Avengers.\nMarvel and Disney, knowing where their bread is buttered, have 11 pending federal trademark applications for AVENGERS AGE OF ULTRON. Check out this Variety article if you want a longer read about Marvel\u2019s plans for merchandising Avengers: Age of Ultron.\nMost Viewed Trailer: 70.7 Million views\n2. Tomorrowland\nStudio: Walt Disney Pictures\nThis movie is not about a future where George Clooney is no longer a bachelor. At least, we think.\nEven so, with Clooney involved, you know Disney has high expectations for this film. Disney has had federal protection for the mark TOMORROWLAND since 1970. Who doesn\u2019t remember their first ride on Space Mountain? I didn\u2019t scream once. I swear (Kevin wrote, as he trembled at his computer).\nIn any event, with seven pending applications for the mark MILES FROM TOMORROWLAND, Disney appears prepared in the event Mr. Alamuddin\u2019s movie captures the hearts and minds public.\nMost Viewed Trailer: 9.2 Million views\n3. Jurassic World\nStudio: Ambling Entertainment and Legendary Pictures (in association with) Universal Pictures\nI loved Jurassic Park. It was the highest grossing film of 1993. I say, \u201cClever girl,\u201d at least once a week. I love Chris Pratt. Last Summer, he led Guardians of the Galaxy to the top of the box office. This movie has the makings of a box office and merchandise juggernaut (Kevin said, pretending certain sequels do not exist). With eight pending federal trademark applications, everyone involved seems to believe that dinosaur-sized dollars are in the future.\nMost Viewed Trailer: 55 Million views\n4. Inside Out\nStudio: Pixar Animation and Walt Disney Studios\nLast Summer, for the first time since 2005, we were deprived of a Pixar release. The last Pixar movie to top the Summer box office was 2010\u2019s Toy Story 3. I am a sucker for Pixar movies and hope that Inside Out is a return to form. Even if it is not, Disney and Pixar certainly have reason to believe that their five pending federal trademark applications are certainly worth their weight in gold. Reports indicate that Disney has made over $10 billion from merchandise based on the Pixar franchise Cars despite the lukewarm reviews both Cars films received.\n5. Minions\nStudio: Illumination Entertainment (Universal)\nThis headline from USA Today, \u201cAt Universal, Minions \u2018have become our Mickey Mouse,'\u201d says it all. The popular characters from the highly successful Despicable Me franchise are taking center stage this summer, and they have big plans. Despicable Me was the fifth biggest movie of Summer 2010. Despicable Me 2 jumped up two spots to be the third biggest movie of Summer 2013. Minions looks to repeat that feat and become the biggest movie this Summer. If you have learned anything from this post, you already know how valuable the Minions are as a brand. Therefore, it should come as no surprise that there are six pending trademark applications for MINIONS.\nEvery good movie has a moral. The moral of this blog post: Be like a studio executive and protect your trademarks. You never know when one could be worth billions of dollars!\nWritten by Kevin Hartley", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1856816"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.5731999278068542, "wiki_prob": 0.5731999278068542, "text": "Video: CNN Clown Sparks OUTRAGE For \"Bully\" Tweet On Trump...\nby Kurt\nBREAKING: The NFL's Monday Night Football Ratings Are Officially TANKING...\nBOMBSHELL: FBI Now Believes Bill And Hillary Clinton Accepted Multi-Million $ Bribe From Russia Crime Syndicate!\nBreaking News, Clinton Cash, Featured, Hillary Clinton, Media, News, Politics, Popular, Scandal, Trending\nby Kurt 5 years ago 5 months ago\nThe documentary \u201cClinton Cash\u201d was panned as \u201cFake News\u201d by the mainstream media, and ignored by most Americans.\nNow, it appears that the film has been vindicated\u2026in the most chilling possible way.\nREAD MORE: Colin Kaepernick Files Grievance Against NFL, Claims It\u2019s Trump\u2019s Fault He\u2019s Not Playing!\nThe FBI has found shocking eye-witness evidence that Russian nuclear officials routed millions of dollars to the U.S. in 2010, obtained through a racketeering scheme designed to benefit the Clinton Foundation and sway the Clintons into cooperating with the Russian atomic-energy program.\nPayment occurred around the time Secretary of State Hillary Clinton provided a favorable decision to Moscow regarding Vladimir Putin\u2019s nuclear privileges, sources say.\nLaw-enforcement officials believe that Russian nuclear kingpins were engaged in bribery, kickbacks, extortion and money laundering with which they gathered the funds to send to the Clintons.\nMore from The Hill:\nBefore the Obama administration approved a controversial deal in 2010 giving Moscow control of a large swath of American uranium, the FBI had gathered substantial evidence that Russian nuclear industry officials were engaged in bribery, kickbacks, extortion and money laundering designed to grow Vladimir Putin\u2019s atomic energy business inside the United States, according to government documents and interviews.\nFederal agents used a confidential U.S. witness working inside the Russian nuclear industry to gather extensive financial records, make secret recordings and intercept emails as early as 2009 that showed Moscow had compromised an American uranium trucking firm with bribes and kickbacks in violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, FBI and court documents show.\nThey also obtained an eyewitness account \u2014 backed by documents \u2014 indicating Russian nuclear officials had routed millions of dollars to the U.S. designed to benefit former President Bill Clinton\u2019s charitable foundation during the time Secretary of State Hillary Clinton served on a government body that provided a favorable decision to Moscow, sources told The Hill.\nThe racketeering scheme was conducted \u201cwith the consent of higher level officials\u201d in Russia who \u201cshared the proceeds\u201d from the kickbacks, one agent declared in an affidavit years later.\nRather than bring immediate charges in 2010, however, the Department of Justice (DOJ) continued investigating the matter for nearly four more years, essentially leaving the American public and Congress in the dark about Russian nuclear corruption on U.S. soil during a period when the Obama administration made two major decisions benefiting Putin\u2019s commercial nuclear ambitions.\nThe first decision occurred in October 2010, when the State Department and government agencies on the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States unanimously approved the partial sale of Canadian mining company Uranium One to the Russian nuclear giant Rosatom, giving Moscow control of more than 20 percent of America\u2019s uranium supply.\nWhen this sale was used by Trump on the campaign trail last year, Hillary Clinton\u2019s spokesman said she was not involved in the committee review and noted the State Department official who handled it said she \u201cnever intervened \u2026 on any [Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States] matter.\u201d\nWow. Just\u2026wow.\nStay connected with Trump News Email \u2026 FREE!\nSuccess! Great things coming your way soon...", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1818638"}
{"pred_label": "__label__cc", "pred_label_prob": 0.6800937652587891, "wiki_prob": 0.31990623474121094, "text": "Geography of Paris squares or plazas\nIn a complex urban environment, each square will tend to be specialized toward a function rather another one: Square are not in competition but compliment each other. Hereafter is an essay on the geography of the Parisian squares:\nIdentifying\nLe Louvre (Cour Napoleon)\nThis place is not a people place, it doesn\u2019t mean to be. This square is the heart of the French DNA. a 1000 years mille-feuille of History in the making. The headquarter of the old regime, transformed into a monument to the culture, is supposed to represent what French are or at least think they are, and it does quite well:\nCour napoleon, where the Louvre\u2019 s Pyramid sits \u2013 credit (11)\nPlace de l\u2019\u00c9toile\nLike for the Louvre, this place is designed to have you overwhelmed by the \u201cgrandeur\u201d of the State. The Arc de triomphe built by Napoleon is a monument crowning 500 year of planning of the Royal axis, originating from the Louvre. The hill where it sit on has been leveled, giving it a concave slope, enhancing the overwhelming presence of the Arc, sitting in the middle of a 240 meter diameter round place:\nPlace de l\u2019\u00c9toile is a very large traffic circle. Going to the middle is usually done thru underpass \u2013 credit (2)\n\u00c9toile-Concorde: Champs-Elys\u00e9es\nEn route from The Louvre (old regime) to the Arc (new regime), it happens to be the Concorde, where the last french king, Louis the XVI has been guillotined. Where French celebrates is on The Champs-Elys\u00e9es, between the Concorde and \u00c9toile, a vast public space able to contain one million people, with huge plazas, Etoile and the Concorde providing very comfortable overflow, and entry/exit point.\nThe Champs-Elys\u00e9es on New year Eve (here 2006) looking toward The Concorde \u2013 credit (5)\nThe size and topography of the Champs-Elys\u00e9es help people to appreciate the size of the crowd. The celebration like above suppose to close the 10 lanes of traffic the avenue is normally supporting: A celebration on the Champs-Elys\u00e9es means not \u201cbusiness as usual\u201d.\nDemonstrating\nR\u00e9publique-Bastille-Nation\nDemonstrating is also part of the french DNA, and demonstrating supposes to walk, from one point to another:\nThose points are usually R\u00e9publique-Bastille-Nation, in that order!\nDemonstration at Republique \u2013 credit (3)\nPlace de la R\u00e9publique one of the largest Parisian square is 283x119m is well suited to accommodate large crowds. Beside it, it is not a necessarily inviting place. It is currently under renovation: respecting its history, its current use as a place to vent social message, while making it a more inviting space, especially outside demonstration time, was one of the challenge the contestant had to address. A water mirror, is part of the answer:\nA water Mirror, as seen in Bordeaux, can \u201cactivate\u201d large esplanade, while still leave it clear of encumbrance when needed \u2013 credit (1)\nPlace de l\u2019H\u00f4tel-de-Ville\nIt is a \u201cpeople place\u201d per design, and the PPS editors like it [7], but this 155x82meter square is not a self-sufficient one, where people will intuitively go. they will go there only knowing the square is hosting some events, usually sponsored by the City:\nParis- H\u00f4tel-de-Ville is a place for programing; ice rink in winter, beach volley in summer, all sort of fair in between \u2013 credit (4)\nA plaza in word, a park in theory, this almost perfect square, is a hit with many urbanistas for good reasons.. like Rome\u2019s Piazza Navona, reaching Place des Vosges requires journeying along minor, often hidden streets. Then away of the crowd and noise of the surrounding city, you find an intimate, secluded, and still comfortable place. The square dimension, 127\u00d7140 meters,as well as the building lining help it, contribute to it. It is surrounded by a street allowing a light amount of traffic contributing to a safety feeling at any time any season.\nParis Place des Vosges, the oldest suqare of the city is requiring some effort to be found\nPlace Dauphine dating of the same era work a bit differently- may be too small and carry an oppressive feeling. Place Vend\u00f4me, has been designed along the Place des Vosges model (same size), but again it is a colder place. In Paris, Palais Royal, offers almost a similar setting\nPlace George Pompidou\nBetter known as Place Beaubourg, or simply the Piazza, it has been created ex-nihilo by architect Renzo Piano and Richard Rogers and opened in 1977. In despite of its relatively novelty and use of modern architecture in a city full of heritage building, this square works very well at the difference of many other one created in the same period. Due to this, it makes it a very interesting case study:\nIt is facing a Modern art museum known as Beaubourg built at the same time by the same architects. Like Sienna\u2019s Piazza del Campo, the 170x65m square has a slight declivity along its narrow edge, which allow people to appropriate the space like it was a beach: it is not uncommon to see people sitting on the pavement, facing the museum, which happen to have corridors and stairs on its outside facades, offering continuous movement of people to watch from the square.\nLike Place des Vosges, this square is not obvious to find, and offers some respite, step away, of the capharnaum, the Halles can be:\nParis Place George Pompidou, is a successful square created ex nihilo\nAt the difference of Place Des Vosges, this square is fully pedestrian, and is surrounded by cafes and other shops.\nFontaine des Innocents\nPlace Joachim du Bellay is a name very few locals know, but no Parisian ignores its fountain:\nWhen they need to meet, Fontaine(fountain) des Innocents is the natural rendezvous.\nIt is easy to understand why: It is strategically located [10]\nIt is at the cross road of the main Parisian arteries.\nToday, it sits midway between the Parisian subway hub (Ch\u00e2telet ) and the Regional Express Rail network hub (Les Halles)\nHowever, it is not directly on the way, rather on a \u201ccorner\u201d of the intersection, so that the traffic doesn\u2019t pass here. but, more important:\nthe square\u2019s size, 53x80m, is big enough to accommodate a substantiate activity making a good hangout, but small enough to be able to recognize a person in it (see the notion of social field of vision in [9])\nand the square design is perfectly appropriate:\nFontaine des Innocents IS the meeting point in Paris \u2013 credit (6)\nThis square is also surrounded by Cafes.\nConcluding\nParis\u2019s Place Stravinsky, a \u201csecondary\u201d but still lovely place \u2013 credit (11)\nThis geography is far to be exhaustive, Paris has many other squares, of various size, various features, some more interesting than other\u2026 what we have presented are what we see as the \u201cstaple\u201d squares of Paris, and we can see some features emerging, noticeably regarding the size of the square:\nDifferent square size are needed in a big city, to accomodate the different function\nAnd still, the square where people feel comfortable to stay, will tend to be in the 120x120meter\nThis size could be not purely arbitrary, and could have to do with our field of vision- we tend to not recognize people beyond this distance and from smaller distance, we tend to be able to describe people facial characteristic \u2013 the ~100 meter range lie in between [9].\n[1] flickr user hisgett\n[2] flickr user ar56\n[3] flickr user tofz4u\n[4] flickr user babicka2\n[5] Franck prevel via Le Monde\n[6] Projet Les Halles\n[7] PPS page: Paris\u2019Hotel de Ville (City Hall)\n[8] See for example: Squaring public space with human needs, Lisa Rochon, Globe and mail, Nov 25, 2011. Curiously enough Vancouver bloggers like Lewis n Villegas and Stephen Rees, will use this square to illustrate Vancouver specific problematic. For the record, architect Ricardo Boffil had a project to built a place inspired by Place des Vosges at Paris The Halles: Parisian didn\u2019t like the idea, and their mayor, then Jacques Chirac, basically \u201cchased\u201d the architect\u2026\n[9] Cities for people, Jan Gehl, 2010\n[10] Paris, les Halles :introduction to its anatomy\nFiled in Paris, urbanism\nTags: beaubourg, Fontaine des innocents, Place Charles-de-Gaulle, Place de l'H\u00f4tel-de-Ville, Place de la R\u00e9publique, place de l\u2019\u00c9toile, place des vosges, place Joachim du Bellay, Place Starvinsky\nParis \u2013 Les halles \u2013 Introduction to its anatomy\nIt is the center of Paris and was the site of the largest known wholesale market of its time. Since the market has moved away in 1969, the site, having received an underground shopping mall and a subway station seeing close to 1 million passengers a day, has become arguably the biggest urban conundrum of Paris. We gonna study it a bit- This first post layout some general context (at a level allowing me to classified my notes on the topic, so a bit heavier than necessary on the level of historic detail)\nThe geographic context\nThe very center of Paris\nParis with its successive city walls. Les Halles are where the Montmartre road (blue line) meets the Paris \"great cross\" (red lines, the fine lines are the historic route, the thick ones have been layout circa 1850)\nThe centre of Paris is at the center of the \u201cgreat cross\u201d:\nHistorically, it was defined by rue St Honor\u00e9 for the west branch, and rue St Denis (doubled by rus St Martin) for the North Branch.\nMostly to resolve traffic issue, This cross will be doubled by the rue de Rivoli (West branch), and Boulevard de S\u00e9bastopol (north branch) [8].\nIn 1900 the cross will be doubled by the subway: line 1 for the East West axis, while the line 4 will roughly follow the North-South axis \u2013 they are respectively the first and second most used subway lines of the network.\nIn 1977, the opening of the first lines, A and B, of the regional express subway (RER) will also follow this cross\u2026\nThe Montmartre road is coming from of the Montmartre hill following the terrain topography. A historically important road, but not necessarily for commercial reason, at the difference of the great cross roads: the meeting of Montmartre road with the great cross defines Les Halles \u2013 historically a triangular shape (between W and NW roads), as most of the medevial square sitting at the crossing of roads, used to be. It is important to note that the Halles has developed exclusively in the NW quadrant of the \u201cactive\u201d great cross, basically almost never impeding the traffic on it. It was not the case of Montmartre street, since outside the market activities blocking the street, it was also the site of various celebration, and the pillory was here too:\nLeft: Execution of Aymerigot Marcel, from Froissart's Chronical, Vol.IV, part 1, 1470 - Right: A \"celebration\" at the Halles by Philibert Louis Debucourt - It was to celebrate the birth of the French heir on January 21, 1782. The tower seen in the middle is the pillory\nDetail of the Halles district and market across the age, 1300, 1600, 1790 and 1830 - red line refer to the W and N branches of the historic great cross (rue St Honore and St Denis), and the blue line to the Montmartre road- credit (16)\nThought a market was officially existing since Louis VI the fat, circa 1117 \u2013 which in fact was instituating a function already occurring on a necropolis site [5]\u2013 Les Halles history starts in 1183, when the King Philippe II Augustus decided to move a trade-fair on the site called the Champeaux. A history version suggests it was a Jew ghetto \u2013 Philippe II Augustus will have expelled them and seized their goods and houses in 1182 [2]-then build two covered market in 1183. They are thought to have been massive enough-100metres long and 10 height, with a vaulted ceiling, all in stones [5]\u2013 to have impressed their contemporaries: they will be called \u201cHala\u201d (halles in french, the English term \u201chall\u201d is poor translation, and we will keep the french term) and it is the beginning of the story.\nLeft: Halles Champeaux (circa 1183) - right: Halla interior\nAt first the market food trading is marginal. The market will start to flourish then will decline in the 14th and 15th centuries and the halles will fall in ruins. A Francis I reformation ordinance in 1543 will try to correct that. New halles will be erected to extend and replace the old ones circa 1551, that along market organization changes. The emergence of new trading usage (shop\u2026) will make the market focusing increasingly on food trading. Soon enough it will be known as the largest market in Occident.\nHalle a la saline \u2013 circa 1784\nLot of things will change around, except 2 landmarks which today are still structuring the site- St Eustache Church and the Innocents Fountain-marked with a \u201cred target\u201d on all the maps to help the reader to contextualize the site:\nLes halles neighborhood, The halles today site and original site. St Eustache church and the Innocents Fountain landmarks highligted\nSt Eustache Church\nIt is a relatively unassuming Gothic style church, with an unfinished and at odd neoclassic frontage [9] \u2013 the kind of you can expect in many french cities. Its recognized best profile-highlighting its gothics features slighlty enhanced by some renaissance style details- is seen from its South East side, basically from the Innocents fountain.\nIt is the obvious landmark of the neighborhood. Most of the photographs and paintings of the district include it whenever possible: When you see St Eustache, you know where you are.\nSt Eustache church (in front the \"Prouvaires\" market): 24 barracks built between 1813-1818- circa 1850 (Photo Marville)\nThe Innocents fountain\nEasy to find. On the way, more exactly on the historic Montmartre road axis- between the Halles and the \u201cgreat cross\u201d intersection- and dominating the middle of an unencumbered and well defined ~80mx60m square: a size big enough to accommodate a substantiate activity making a good hangout, but small enough to be able to recognize a person in it (see the notion of social field of vision in [7]): this unassuming structure is a landmark: it is \u201cTHE\u201d meeting spot of the Halles.\nNotice the today square\u2019s name, place Joachim du Bellay, is virtually unknown, overwhelmed it is by the \u201cInnocents\u201d fountain name everyone know.\nSt Innocent fountain, and market. Notice the umbrellas in the forefront, they will play an important role in the Halles history- Photo Marville circa 1855\nA bit of historic background for the Innocents fountain\nInnocents cemetery during the Middle ages\nThe fountain- thought have been existing since 1274 [5][10]\u2013 has been a bit peripatetic. Originally this site was a cemetery, the St Innocents cemetery, and the fountain was sitting at the NE corner of it. A cenotaph was sitting in the middle of the cemetery.\nOdours\nThe cemetery- an \u201coverflowing\u201d mass grave-the level was 2meters above natural level [5]\u2013 surrounded by an ossuary, has been closed circa 1785 under hygienist concern of the time and pressure of the neighborhood complaining about its \u201cmephitic\u201d odours [6] (the cemetery has been transferred into the catacombs) . The fountain has then replaced the cenotaph. Though merchants was conducting business in the cemetery before its closure, it became the regular market we see in the photo above in 1789-as planned by a 1750s plan.\nProject of conversion of the \"Innocents\" cemetery in a new market dated 1747 or 1767 (notice North is downward)\nbefore be surrounded by shelter for merchant, circa 1811-1813 [2], the Innocent market will receive 400 red parasols in 1800 [5], an anecdote which will eventually have a huge influence on the future of the site. The Innocents market will last up to 1858 when it will be relocated in the Halles Baltard, and give room partially to a park, an opportunity to relocate the fountain for the last time so far.\n\"Innocents\" market by Thomas Naudet circa 1800: 400 parasol had been installed to shelter the merchants (credit wikigallery)\nSome other building of interests\nThe Halle au Bl\u00e9\nThe Halle au bl\u00e9 with the M\u00e9dicis Column as it looks today from the Halles (credit wikipedia)\nIn its today form, this building could have eventually been a landmark in a provincial city, but in the Parisian landscape, it looks like another official Parisian building\u2026 Its circular and repetitive from makes it a poor orientation helper. The lately added main entrance on its west side, make the building turning its back to the Halles site.\nIt was a building to trade grain and flour. It has been built by Nicolas Le Camus de M\u00e9zi\u00e8res between 1763 and 1767, and was part of a larger neighborhood development following a circus layout. This building has been considerably altered in its history to the point it bears little relationship with its original design:\nJacques-Guillaume Legrand and Jacques Molinos added a wooden framed dome in 1782, it will be destroyed by a fire in 1802\nFran\u00e7ois-Joseph_B\u00e9langer will rebuilt the dome with an iron frame and copper surfacing in 1806-1811\nAfter another fire in 1854, the building will be closed in 1873, and radically transformed by Henri Blondel in 1885, to give its today appearance, and to host a commodity trade market.\nNowadays, it is used by the Paris Chamber of commerce\nOriginal Halle au bl\u00e9, as designed by Le Camus de M\u00e9zi\u00e8res (top). it will receive a wooden roof by Jacques Molinos and Legrand (middle) and will get a dramatic transformation by Blondel giving its today appearance(bottom)\nThe surrounding buildings have followed a similar track.\nrue de Viarmes, circa 1885, left (photo Godefroy)- and now, right (credit wikipedia)\nThe M\u00e9dicis column\nIt is the column seen next to the Halle au bl\u00e9 building. Commissioned by Catherine de\u2019 Medici in 1574, it predates the building itself, but has always stand still there a bit at odd. Blondel was planning to demolish it in the context of its renovation work: Jean Charles Alphand, to whose Paris owns most of its most celebrated parks, will have intervened against such a fate.\nThe Halle au Draps\nWe mention this building because it was probably the traditional shape of the non food related Halles, and it relates to what have once been one of the most important and flagship trade activities of the medieval halles of Paris: drapery.\nThe illustrated Halles, a 50x400foot building, has been built by Legrand and Molinos in 1786, it will lost its vaulted, wooden framed roof in a fire in 1855. following that, the then almost moribund drapery market, will be transferred to the Halle au ble. The building will be demolished in 1868. The advent of the department stores surrounding the halles, like Le Bon March\u00e9, Samaritaine, the BHV or the Grands magasins du Louvre, will make them the place of choice to buy drapery\nThe \"halle aux draps\" by Nicolle Victor Jean (circa 1830)- Probably a very traditional shape for the non-food \"mortar\" built Halle, it has been demolished in 1868\nThe market in 1850\u2019s\nThe Halles, for the food related market, are largely very medieval in their typology, and the last addition like the Prouvaires market built by Jean-Jacques-Marie Huv\u00e9 between 1813-1818 (see photo above) or the halles for the fish and butter market, built in 1822 by Hubert Rohault de Fleury, don\u2019t revisit this style, thought they are almost contemporary of the Covent garden market in London.\nIn former time and in addition to Les Halles, Parisian houses in commercial districts had an open ground floor, where market activities was held. this form used to be called \u201cPiliers\u201d (from the building foundation pillars)-they form a 4meters wide gallery on the east side, and a 2meters wide one elsewhere [5], but in fact the market was sprawling in all the surrounding area. The Giuseppe Canella\u2019s canvas below illustrates it:\n\"les halles\" circa 1830 and the Tonnellerie's \"Piliers\" - notice the roof shape of the covered market\nthe market is the largest known central market of its time and live mostly at night: people, including 7162 counted sellers, start to come around 11pm, to serve an estimated 40,000+ customers, and are supposed by bylaw to have freed the street by 9am or 10am (in winter).\nThe market roughly occupies 3.6 hectares -2.2hectares for flower, fruit and vegetable only- partitioned as following:\n1 hectares of Halles (covered market)\n0.6 hectares on open space\n2 hectares on public street\nTraffic is a huge issue- there are counted 4,000 carts occupying an additional 2 hectares. handcart, basket storage, and livestock occupy an additional 0.5 hectares (number above from [11], [12] provides similar numbers, 5.5 hectares for the whole market).\nThe area is a fertile ground for endemic prostitution and other activities associated with more or less shady nightlife [15]. The retail market is functioning all the day, making the area active 24hr a day.\nAdding to the picture the smell of the rotten food (odours have always been a strong marker of the site [15]), it doesn\u2019t necessarily make a desirable place to live, and in fact the neighborhood, \u201cunhealthy, badly built and crowded, is of a repulsive appearance\u201d [14]: It is the \u201cworst\u201d slump of Paris where the living population density level has been reported at up to 100,000 people/km2 [1][15]. Diseases are widespread and the neighborood will be a nest of the 1832 cholera pandemic [13]\nThought there were many men, for packing work- called fort des halles\u2013 many of the merchants were women, and the market was associated with a high level of gossiping and obscene language by the moral bourgeoisie of the time [13]. Eventually due to the market sprawl and ensuing disorganization, the government had little control on its activities, market stall allocation, tax collection..etc\u2026. The government will try to get better control on it\u2026 It will be the object of another post:\nIn this Marville photo (circa 1855), all the structuring edifices mentioned in this post are appearing. but what is the focus of the photo is the Halles Baltard: it will deserves a post of its own\n[1]The autumn of Central Paris, Anthony Sutcliffe, mc Gill Quueens Univeristy Press, 1970\n[2] M\u00e9moires de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de l\u2019histoire de Paris et de l\u2019\u00cele-de-France, Volume 3, Paris, 1876\n[3]it was kind of an European tradition when the government was in need of money. We refers to the June 24, 1182 expelling ordinance. It was called la \u201cJuiverie des Champeaux\u201d. This version doesn\u2019t appear- neither is dismissed- in the recent literature (like [5]), but up to recently the literature was frequently referring to [2] to support this version.\n[4] Paris, ses organes, ses fonctions et sa vie dans la seconde moitie du XIXe siecle, Paris, 1874 (as translated in [13])\n[5] Les halles de Paris et leur quartier (1137-1969), Anne Lombard Jourdan, 2010\n[6] Histoire physique, civile et morale de Paris, Vol.6, Jacques Antoine Dulaure, 1837\n[8] The Rue de Rivoli (street) has been opened in different stage between 1806 and 1835, for the Western part, and the last section completed in 1855 [1].\n[9] It used to be chapel, St Agn\u00e8s, built in the 13th century. The construction of the current church began in 1532, the work not being finally completed until 1637. Jean Hardouin-Mansart de Jouy has started to had a new neoclassic style frontage in 1754. The work will be continued but not finished by Pierre-Louis Moreau-Desproux up to 1772.\n[10] The original fountain with only 3 exposed faces- has been redone in its current style by Jean Goujon (sculptor) and Pierre Lescot (design)- 1546-1549. The fourth face has been added by Auguste pajou in 1788, when the fountain has been relocated in the middle of the place.\n[11] La politique Nouvelle, Juin, Juillet Aout 1851, Paris\n[12] Revue g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019architecture et des travaux publics: Volume 8, edited by C\u00e9sar Daly, 1849, Paris\n[13] Urban Renovation, Moral Regeneration: Domesticating the Halles in Second-Empire Paris, Victoria E. Thompson, French Historical Studies, Vol. 20, No. 1, 1997.\n[14] \u201cQuestion du d\u00e9placement de Paris,\u201d Lanquetin, Prefecture de la Seine, Commission de Halles, April 1840 (as cited by [13].\n[15] Les Halles: images d\u2019un quartier, Jean-Louis Robert,Martine Tabeaud, 2004\n[16] http://www.paris-atlas-historique.fr/\nFiled in History, Les Halles, Paris, urbanism\nTags: Aymerigot Marcel, Champeaux., Charles Marville, Fontaine des innocents, Fort des halles, Fran\u00e7ois-Joseph_B\u00e9langer, Giuseppe Canella, halle au bl\u00e9, halle aux draps, Halles, Haussmann, Henri Blondel, Hubert Rohault de Fleury, Innocents, Jacques Molinos, Jacques-Guillaume Legrand, Jean-Jacques-Marie Huv\u00e9, Les halles, Louis VI, march\u00e9 au beurre, march\u00e9 des Prouvaires, Montmartre, Nicolas Le Camus de M\u00e9zi\u00e8res, Philibert Louis Debucourt, Philippe II Augustus, Piliers des halles, place Joachim du Bellay, rue de Rivoli, Saints Innocents Cemetery, St Eustache, Thomas Naudet", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line826218"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.7993101477622986, "wiki_prob": 0.7993101477622986, "text": "France\u2019s far-right leader Le Pen still hopes to unsettle Macron in legislative elections\nby athleticinsider May 8, 2022 0\nFrench far-right politician Marine Le Pen returned to the electoral fray on Sunday, announcing herself as a candidate in the parliamentary elections in June after weeks of silence since she lost the presidential vote to Emmanuel Macron last month.\n\u201cI hope that we will have a strong presence in parliament to lead, once again, the fight against the social policies that Emmanuel Macron wants to put in place,\u201d she said, adding she would run for re-election in her northern constituency of Pas-de-Calais.\nLe Pen was speaking on a visit to the town of Henin-Beaumont marking Victory Day \u2014 the anniversary of the Allies\u2019 victory in 1945 over Nazi Germany in World War II.\nLe Pen, defeated by Macron in the April 24 runoff election, pitched herself as the centrist president\u2019s main opponent and took aim at hard-left politician Jean-Luc Melenchon.\nMelenchon, who came third in the first round of the presidential election, is leading a coalition of left-wing parties that hope to deprive Macron of a majority in parliament. That alliance launched its campaign on Saturday.\n\u201cThe reality is that Jean-Luc Melenchon helped get Emmanuel Macron elected, so that completely discredits his ability to position himself as an opponent,\u201d Le Pen said, highlighting her disagreement with the left-wing politician on immigration and law and order issues.\nLe Pen\u2019s party, the National Rally (RN), currently holds only seven seats in the National Assembly, or lower house of parliament. The party, which has sought in recent years to soften its image, will not form an alliance with far-right pundit-turned-presidential candidate Eric Zemmour and his party Reconquete.\nMacron, sworn in for a second term on Saturday, will preside over Sunday\u2019s main Victory Day event at the Place de L\u2019Etoile in Paris.\nI'm glad Britney Spears publicly broke this pregnancy taboo\nIn new audio, McCarthy worried comments by certain GOP lawmakers could incite violence after Jan. 6\nTwitter bans promotion of other social media sites including Facebook, Instagram and Truth Social\nathleticinsider December 19, 2022", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1447070"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.6298087239265442, "wiki_prob": 0.6298087239265442, "text": "Main Section While the \u201cMagyar Telekom\u201d case finishes in the US, it still remains...\nWhile the \u201cMagyar Telekom\u201d case finishes in the US, it still remains stuck in the judiciary system in Macedonia\nAt the moment, two cases have been opened against \u201cMagyar Telekom\u201d, even though they started a long time ago, and whether intentionally or not, have not moved since they hit a dead end.\nYesterday, former directors of \u201cMagyar Telekom\u201d Elek Straub and Andras Balogh, who were accused of having secret agreements with the Prime Minister at the time and other people from Macedonia to prevent competition in the market, agreed to pay fines up to 250.000 dollars and 150.000 dollars, stated the US Investigation Commission on Securities and Exchange.\nThe outcome of the \u201cMagyar Telekom\u201d case in the US comes at a time during a severe political crisis in Macedonia and institutional blockade. At the same time, the SPO is attempting to inspect the computer systems of \u201cMacedonian Telekom\u201d in connection with the investigation in the \u201cTarget\u201d case, which should determine who was part of the illegal wiretapping affair in the country.\nAlso yesterday, prosecutors from the SPO held \u201ca meeting of a higher level\u201d with representatives from \u201cMacedonian Telecom\u201d in connection with the investigation regarding the mass wiretapping.\nIn late September, 2015, Bogoevski was called for questioning and gave four hours of testimony to the prosecutors.\nSpecial Public Prosecutor, Katica Janeva, in February last year asked Public Prosecutor Marko Zvlevski if her office could takeover the case, however he refused and passed on the case to the Council of Public Prosecutors. He decides what cases are passed on to the SPO and which cases are not.\nIn Macedonia, charges have been filed against former directors of \u201cMacedonian Telekom\u201d, Attila Szendrei, Rolf Plath and Zoltan Kisjuh\u00e1sz. They are being charged for organizing fictitious consultancy contracts with the Cypriot Consulting Company \u201cChavtex holdings Limited\u201d, and ended up costing \u201cMacedonian Telekom\u201d 4 million euros, and damaging the state budget for approximately 2 million euros, because the at the time, the Government owned 47% in shares of the company.\nThe investigation of this case began in 2008, and 3 years later, in 2011 charges were eventually filed. However, the actual trial has still not begun, even after 6 years, as the court hearings are constantly being postponed. The defendants have never appeared in front of a Macedonian court, even with international arrest warrants and a court ruling for their detainment.\nMagyar Telekom\nSlobodan Bogoevski\nTruthmeter.mk: Public Prosecutor\u2019s Office operates with only a third of the planned staff\nPublic Prosecution: Short circuit in defibrillator cord started the deadly blaze in COVID hospital in Tetovo\nNorth Macedonia: The Operative Technical Agency last year interposed in 853 cases of communications wiretapping", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line682942"}
{"pred_label": "__label__cc", "pred_label_prob": 0.7373031973838806, "wiki_prob": 0.2626968026161194, "text": "Lobethal to Hahndorf\nNovember 1, 2019 by edgar62, posted in House, Garden and Dogs\nLobethal main street\nThe largest Brewing Company is owned by the Japanese, but that aside, South Australian \u201cBeer\u201d is actually a lager beer, which the boys don\u2019t like. Andrew has a list of the Microbrewery places in South Australia. They consider Lobethal to be one of the best. Actually I think almost all of the beer manufacturing in South Australia is foreign owned. I liked Lobethal., a quiet place, not very overtly German, like some of the other towns in the area \u2013 particularly our next stop. I had a wander around the main street, which for a weekday, was very quiet. I did, of course, find the little white church and took photographs of the 1922 foundation stone. Around the place there were many posts and posters highlighting the benefits of the Lobethal Lutheran School. All this came about in 1838 when George Fife Angas left South Australia to recruit prospective colonist for the new Province in South Australia. A number of Lutherans were anxious to leave the town of Klemzig In Prussia because of persecution by the King of Prussia. They were led by their Pastor, Augusta Ludwig Kavel. They settled in a small parcel of land by the River Torrens which they called Klemzig after the town they had left. Over the years the area has been absorbed into the City of Adelaide. The second wave of German Settlers move further into the interior of the colony and purchased land there. There were a number of settlements of which Lobethal and Hahndorf are\nThe old church bell at the white Church- Lobethal\nbut two. With the anti-German feeling during the World War One, many of the German names were abolished and changed \u2013 Lobethal became Tweedvale. Most of the names were changed back by government decree in 1934 all except Petersburg. Petersburg became simply Peterborough. In 1934 when the other towns were allowed to return to their original names, Peterborough decided not to and to remain as it was. Interestingly, the first ever Lutheran Church in Australia was built in Lobethal and the 1641 Bible of Pastor Kavel is kept there. Not too sure about that so I will have to do some searching.\nWe spent some time wandering around Lobethal before heading off to Hahndorf for a late lunch. John had been there before so he chose the place where we would have our meal. We had a quiet walk through the local area before entering the \u201cGerman Arms Hotel\u201d Hahndorf was one of the areas settled by the German Settlers who became prosperous in the new settlement. The South Australian Wine industry, the largest in Australia had its Genesis here with several German families who realised that the cool climate of the Adelaide Hills was perfect\nThe German Arms\nHahndorf SA\nfor growing grapes and producing wine. There are a large number of Wineries in this area and I am led to understand the the Wolf Blass Gallery and Museum will be built at Hahndorf. Unlike Lobethal, Hahndorf displays its German Heritage in a number of ways, not the least of which is its food and restaurants. Having been here several times, John took me to the German Arms a German Bierhaus and Restaurant. Because of\nthe long drive ahead of us we settled on Lemonade ( boo \u2014 hiss) John ordered a Trio of German Wurt with some sauce, -which he said was really good. I was less adventurous and had a Chicken and Prawn Pasta with a really nice cheese sauce. The portions were very large and I was unable to finish my meal. The staff did offer me a take-away box, but I felt it was a long drive and quite warm \u2013 too warm to carry in a car for 550 kilometers. Not being a food blogger in any way shape or form, it never really occurred to me to take photographs of our meal. The place was really nice, the staff friendly, the service excellent and it just had a really good atmosphere. I would have liked to have spent a lot more time there.\nLeaving the German Arms carpark John set the Tom Tom for Tea Tree Plaza. I needed to go there to get some things for the\nLobethal: Car park at back of the Bierhaus \u2014 not customers.\nchurch before heading home. As I said in the previous post, our drive through to Lobethal and then to Hahndorf was uphill, downhill, narrow roads, sharp twists and turns, well, less than ten minutes after leaving Hahndorf we were on the approach road to the South Eastern Freeway and a short while later at Adelaide. I asked John why we didn\u2019t go that way in the first place, \u201cmy way was more adventurous\u201d. Sheesh\u2026\nTagged Adelaide, George Fife Angas\\, German Arms, Hahndorf, Klemzig, Lager Beer, Lobethal, Pastor Keval, Peterborough, South Eastern Freeway, Tea Tree Plaza\nNext postHahndorf to Tea Tree Plaza to Home.\n6 thoughts on \u201cLobethal to Hahndorf\u201d\nthat was interesting, thanks!!! I love it to read about history\u2026.\nThank you. That whole region, including the area called The Barossa Valley, was mainly settled and developed by German Settlers. The Barossa is a major Wine Region of South Australia\nInteresting history. Shame you couldn\u2019t sample the beer!\nYes I agree, but it was a long drive ahead. Still, the Lemonade was crisp and cold.\nJust picturing your meals is making my palate salivate. Cheers to a lovely weekend. \ud83c\udf2d\ud83c\udf64\ud83c\udf7b\nThe German Arms Hotel is where the main South Australian Oktoberfest is held each year. It was an interesting place.I would like to go back there \u2013 even just to take photographs.", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1868019"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.7367048859596252, "wiki_prob": 0.7367048859596252, "text": "Articles Posted in National Legal Malpractice Cases\nVincent v. DeVries, 2013 VT 34, Case No. 2012-026: Supreme Court of Vermont Affirms Economic Damage Award in Legal Malpractice Case\nThe Supreme Court of Vermont has affirmed an economic damage award in a legal malpractice action. In Vincent v. DeVries, a client and his sister contracted to sell their home for $52,000 to buyers. Shortly before the scheduled closing, the sister died and the client refused to go forward with the sale. The buyers then sued the client seeking specific performance of the contract. The client hired an attorney to defend him in the action.\nInstead of responding to the complaint, the attorney moved for summary judgment. The buyers made their own motion for summary judgment, which the trial court granted. The attorney then filed an answer to the complaint and a series of motions seeking relief from the judgment alleging that the client was fraudulently induced into signing the contract. However, the trial court enforced the judgment finding that the client was precluded from raising new legal issues after judgment had entered.\nThe client then terminated the attorney. He eventually entered into a settlement agreement with the buyers, which allowed him to keep his home in exchange for a payment of $103,000, which included the buyers\u2019 attorney\u2019s fees incurred to prosecute the case. The client then sued the attorney for legal malpractice alleging that he negligently failed to raise appropriate defenses and counterclaims to the buyers\u2019 suit.\nUpdated: July 2, 2013 6:47 pm\nAseel v. Jonathan E. Kroll & Assoc., PLLC, 2013 NY Slip Op 03806: New York Appellate Court Affirms Dismissal of Legal Malpractice Action\nA New York appellate court has affirmed the dismissal of a legal malpractice action. In Aseel v. Jonathan E. Kroll & Assoc., PLLC, a client hired an attorney to represent him in his divorce proceedings. The client subsequently brought a legal malpractice suit against the attorney for negligently representing him in the divorce.\nThe attorney moved to dismiss the case on the grounds that it was barred by a three year statute of limitations. The trial court granted the motion. The client appealed arguing that the statute of limitations was tolled by the continuous representation doctrine, which applies when there is a mutual understanding between the lawyer and client to continue the representation for the matter underlying the malpractice claim.\nThe appellate court affirmed. The client had removed his case file from the attorney\u2019s office without his knowledge, which the court held constituted termination of the attorney-client relationship. Therefore, the case was properly dismissed as time barred because it was commenced more than three years from that date.\nDecision: Aseel v. Jonathan E. Kroll & Assoc., PLLC.doc\nHaddy v. Caldwell, No. 08-12-00131-CV: Texas Appellate Court Affirms Summary Judgment in Favor of Attorney in Legal Malpractice Action\nA Texas appellate court has affirmed a summary judgment for an attorney in a legal malpractice case. In Haddy v. Caldwell, a client retained an attorney to bring a medical malpractice suit against United States Army physicians, who treated the client\u2019s then wife. The trial court granted summary judgment in favor of the doctors and the case was dismissed.\nThe client then sued the attorney for negligently failing to designate an expert witness and file an expert report in the medical malpractice suit. The attorney moved for summary judgment, which the trial court granted. The client appealed.\nThe appellate court affirmed. In a legal malpractice case arising from litigation, in addition to proving that the attorney was negligent, the plaintiff must also prove the \u201ccase within the case\u201d. This means that he must show that he would have succeeded in the underlying suit but for the attorney\u2019s negligence.\nHere, the client submitted an affidavit of a medical professional with his opposition to the attorney\u2019s motion for summary judgment, but failed to present expert witness testimony regarding the attorney\u2019s negligence. Therefore, summary judgment was appropriate because the client could not show that the attorney\u2019s failure to designate a medical expert constituted a breach of the standard of care for a reasonable lawyer.\nDecision: Haddy v. Caldwell\nUpdated: May 18, 2013 1:17 am\nFrasco, Caponigro, Wineman, & Scheible, PLLC v. IGC Management, Inc., No. 308405: Michigan Court of Appeals Affirms Summary Judgment In Favor of Attorney In Legal Malpractice Case\nA Michigan appellate court has affirmed a summary judgment in favor of an attorney in a legal malpractice action. In Frasco, Caponigro, Wineman, & Scheible, PLLC v. IGC Management, Inc., a sub-contractor hired an attorney to recover funds from a general contractor. The general contractor later filed for bankruptcy, and a bank was found to have a priority security interest against the contractor\u2019s assets.\nThe attorney, who also represented other unpaid sub-contractors, negotiated a mediated settlement with the financers of the project. However, the original sub-contractor did not assent to the terms of the settlement. The attorney informed the mediator and requested that the agreement contain a separate signature line for the sub-contractor, which the mediator failed to include. Nevertheless, the attorney executed the agreement and the bankruptcy court found that the sub-contractor was bound by its terms because the attorney signed on its behalf.\nThe sub-contractor then sued the attorney for legal malpractice. The attorney moved for summary judgment, which the trial court granted. The sub-contractor appealed.\nThe appellate court affirmed, finding that although the attorney\u2019s conduct may have breached his ethical duties, it did not constitute malpractice. Under Michigan law, liability for settling a case without a client\u2019s consent stems from a bad faith breach of contract rather than negligence. Here, the attorney did not intend to sign the agreement on behalf of the sub-contractor and had informed the mediator that he did not have such authority. Thus, the attorney acted in good faith and summary judgment was appropriate.\nDecision: Frasco, Caponigro, Wineman, & Scheible, PLLC v. IGC Management, Inc.\nPosted in: Legal Ethics Issues, Legal Malpractice Issues and National Legal Malpractice Cases\nUpdated: May 1, 2013 4:14 pm\nLewis v. Album, No. 12-CA-854: Louisiana Court of Appeals Affirms Summary Judgment for Attorney in Legal Malpractice Case\nA Louisiana appellate court has affirmed a summary judgment in favor of an attorney in a legal malpractice action. In Lewis v. Album, a client retained an attorney in order to bring a claim against the Louisiana Commissioner of Insurance. Several months later, the client terminated the attorney\u2019s representation.\nNearly three years later, the Commissioner\u2019s office served the attorney with an ex parte motion to dismiss the case for abandonment and a court order granting the motion. The attorney forwarded the filings to the client, and filed a motion to withdraw as counsel of record. The following month, the client moved to set aside the Order of Abandonment, which the trial court denied because the case had already been dismissed.\nOver one year later, the client filed a legal malpractice claim against the attorney, alleging that he had negligently allowed the previous suit to be dismissed for lack of prosecution. The attorney moved for summary judgment, which the trial court granted on the basis that the suit was barred by a one-year statute of limitations on legal malpractice claims.\nThe appellate court affirmed, finding that the statutory period began to run when the attorney informed the client that his case had been dismissed, or, at the latest, the following month when the client moved to set aside the judgment. Under either scenario, the client failed to commence his action within one year of either event. Summary judgment was therefore proper.\nDecision: Lewis v. Album\nVara v. Williams, No. 03-10-00861-CV: Texas Appellate Court Affirms Summary Judgment for Attorney in Legal Malpractice Case\nA Texas appellate court has affirmed a summary judgment in favor of an attorney in a legal malpractice action. In Vara v. Williams, a client hired an attorney to represent her in a divorce proceeding. The parties reached a mediated settlement, and the trial court entered a final divorce decree, which included a provision directing the parties to sign an operating trust agreement (\u201cOTA\u201d) allocating community property assets. Subsequently, disputes arose regarding the OTA, and the client hired a new attorney to represent her in that transaction.\nThe client later filed an action against the first attorney for negligently handling the OTA negotiations and several other causes of action. The attorney moved for summary judgment, which the trial court granted on the basis that the client had failed to timely designate an expert witness.\nThe appellate court affirmed, finding that contrary to Texas law, the client had attempted to transform a single count for legal malpractice into several other claims. In failing to timely designate an expert, the client could not succeed on her malpractice claim because she could not prove that the attorney had breached the standard of care. Summary judgment was therefore appropriate.\nBailey v. Robinson, No. 2 CA-CV 2012-0098: Arizona Appellate Court Affirms Summary Judgment for Attorney in Legal Malpractice Case\nAn Arizona appellate court has affirmed summary judgment in favor of an attorney in a legal malpractice action. In Bailey v. Robinson, a taxpayer hired an attorney to represent him in a civil action against the Internal Revenue Service (\u201cIRS\u201d), seeking a refund from a prior tax year. After a trial in the U.S. District Court for the District of Arizona, the court entered judgment for the IRS. The attorney then withdrew his representation.\nThe client filed a motion seeking relief from the judgment, arguing that an IRS agent had perjured herself and submitted falsified documents at trial. The client also argued that his attorney failed to discover or argue these issues. The trial court denied the motion, specifically ruling that the client failed to show that the agent had lied under oath or presented falsified documents, and therefore identified no reason for the attorney to have inquired into these subjects.\nSeveral years later, the taxpayer sued his former attorney in state court for malpractice, again alleging that the attorney negligently failed to discover the IRS agent\u2019s alleged perjury. The attorney successfully moved for summary judgment and the taxpayer appealed.\nThe appellate court affirmed, finding that the taxpayer was estopped from arguing that the agent perjured herself, because this issue was fully litigated and essential to the District Court\u2019s judgment. Thus, there were no remaining issues of material fact and summary judgment was properly granted.\nDecision: Bailey v. Robinson\nUpdated: March 16, 2013 4:34 pm\nFacchinato v. Gerds, No. 305129: Michigan Appellate Court Affirms Summary Judgment for Attorney in Legal Malpractice Action\nA Michigan appellate court has affirmed a summary judgment in favor of an attorney in a legal malpractice action. In Facchiano v. Gerds.doc, a husband and wife hired an attorney to draft an agreement to transfer a 40% interest in their second home to their daughter. The transaction was completed and the daughter subsequently obtained a mortgage on her interest in the property.\nOver two years later, the daughter defaulted on the loan and filed for bankruptcy. The parents consulted another attorney to investigate their options. The second attorney advised the couple that there was nothing they could do to prevent the lender from foreclosing on the mortgage. However, the attorney did not inform the couple that they might have a negligence claim against the attorney who drafted the agreement.\nAlmost one year later, the parents filed a legal malpractice action against the first attorney. The attorney successfully moved to for summary judgment on the basis that the claim was barred by a statute of limitations. The parents appealed.\nUnder Michigan law, legal malpractice actions must be brought within two years of the act or omission of the attorney, which caused the clients\u2019 damages. The statute is tolled for an additional six months from the date when the clients discovered or should have discovered the alleged injury.\nUpdated: March 3, 2013 8:30 pm", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1341533"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.9808421730995178, "wiki_prob": 0.9808421730995178, "text": "Top TV Seasons Classic\napps view_module menu\nBabylon 5, The Complete Series\nTeenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (Classic Series), Season 1\nGilligan's Island: The Complete Series\nWonder Woman: The Complete Series\nNight Court: The Complete Series\nFirefly, The Complete Series\nBatman: The Complete Series\nKung Fu, The Complete Series\nThe A-Team, Season 1\nFriends, Season 1\nThe Scooby-Doo Show, Season 2\nMiami Vice, Season 2\nThe West Wing, Season 2\nFull House, The Complete Series\nAngel, The Complete Series\nKung Fu, Pilot\nKung Fu, Season 1\nScooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated, The Complete Series\nBabylon 5, Season 5\nSchoolhouse Rock, Vol. 1\nFriends, Season 10\nFawlty Towers, Series 1\nER, Season 1\nThe Jetsons, Season 1\nThe Golden Girls, Season 2\nGilligan's Island, Season 1\nDaria, Season 1\nThe Magic School Bus, Vol. 1\nNight Court, Season 1\nThe X-Files, Season 4\nSesame Street Classics, Vol. 1\nThe Dukes of Hazzard: The Complete Series\nS.W.A.T., Season 5\nScooby-Doo Where Are You?, Season 3\nThe Flintstones, Season 1\nStar Trek: The Original Series (Remastered), Season 1\nGilmore Girls, Season 1\nBuffy the Vampire Slayer, Season 1\nNewsRadio, Season 1\nBuffy The Vampire Slayer, Complete Series\nLittle House On the Prairie, Season 1\nThe Dukes of Hazzard, Season 1\nWKRP In Cincinnati, Season 1\nThe Pink Panther Show, Season 1\nPee-wee's Playhouse: Christmas Special\nBattlestar Galactica (Classic), Season 1\nScooby-Doo Where Are You?, The Complete Series\nThe Addams Family Kooky Collection Complete Box Set\nAddams Family - The Kooky Collection, Vol. 1\nBlackadder Goes Forth\nJustice League: The Complete Series\nMighty Morphin Power Rangers, Season 1, Vol. 1\nWonder Woman, Season 1\nBlackadder II\nBlackadder the Third\nJustice League Unlimited: The Complete Series\nThe Incredible Hulk, Season 1\nFrasier, Season 4\nThunderCats (Original Series), Season 1, Vol. 1\nBest of I Love Lucy, Vol. 4\nStar Trek: The Next Generation, Season 1\nFrasier, Season 11\nMister Rogers' Neighborhood, Vol. 2\nAdam 12, Season 1\nFamily Matters, Season 2\nThe Adventures of Superman, Season 1", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1866740"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.521187961101532, "wiki_prob": 0.521187961101532, "text": "NextGen Vanadium Batteries: Berkeley & Texas A&M Scientists may have solved \u2018electron bottleneck\u2019\nAs the appetite grows for more efficient vehicles and mobile devices based on cleaner, renewable energy sources, so does the demand for batteries that pack more punch, last longer, and charge or discharge more quickly. The compound vanadium pentoxide has grabbed the spotlight as a way to improve lithium-ion batteries. However, it\u2019s less-than-stellar behavior has been problematic.\nAn international team working at the Molecular Foundry (Berkeley) revealed why the material may not perform as expected. The team discovered how interactions between electrons and ions slow the performance of electrodes made with vanadium pentoxide (Nature Communications, \u201cMapping polaronic states and lithiation gradients in individual V2O5 nanowires\u201d).\nThis work answers, in part, why the material gets bogged down. Vanadium pentoxide\u2019s layered atomic structure results in a vast surface area, but a bottleneck occurs. If scientists can address the bottleneck, this material may lead to the next generation of batteries, which pack more punch, last longer, and charge or discharge more quickly.\nA scanning electron microscopy image of vanadium pentoxide nanowires. The inset shows a ball-and-stick model of vanadium pentoxide\u2019s atomic structure before and after inserting lithium ions (green). (Image: Texas A&M University)\nAn international team of scientists working at the Molecular Foundry has revealed how interactions between electrons and ions can slow down the performance of vanadium pentoxide, a material considered key to the next generation of batteries.\nThe compound vanadium pentoxide has grabbed the spotlight as a potential nanostructured material for state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries because it can provide a greater surface area for the arrival and insertion of lithium ions. That quality makes vanadium pentoxide a good candidate as a cathode, the part of a battery where electrons and lithium ions enter.\nThe speed with which electrons can enter and exit the cathode determines how much power the battery can provide. The entry and exit speed also determine how quickly a battery recharges.\nPower density and charging are both critical factors in the world of mobile electronics or electrification of our automotive fleet. But despite vanadium pentoxide\u2019s potential, it has yet to be widely adopted commercially because of its less-than-stellar performance when put to the test in the real world.\nThe new findings shed light on the slowdown. The results show that the flow of electrons in vanadium pentoxide nanowires gets bogged down as it interacts with lithium ions in a phenomenon known as small polaron formation.\nThe research group, which involved scientists at Texas A&M University, made 2D maps of the electronic properties of synthesized vanadium pentoxide nanowires serving as a model lithium-ion cathode using scanning transmission x-ray microscopy at the Canadian Light Source. They came to the Molecular Foundry to interpret their findings.\nSource: Molecular Foundry, Berkeley Lab\nVanadium Redox Flow Batteries for Large Scale Energy Storage\nLithium batteries may reign supreme when it comes to cellphones, laptops and electric vehicles. But for larger-scale energy storage, some are looking at alternative metals and technologies.\nEnter Vanadium redox batteries. First successfully created by Dr. Maria Skyllas-Kazacos of the University of New South Wales in the 1980\u2019s, Vanadium redox flow batteries use sulfuric solutions to power themselves. A vanadium electrolyte passing through a proton exchange membrane allows the battery to work, with a solution filling two tanks on either side.\nClick Here to Read More: What are Vanadium Redox Batteries?\nLeave a comment Posted in Nanotechnology Tagged Batteries, Berkeley, Genesis Nanotechnology, Lithium-ion battery, Nanomaterials, Nanotechnology, Vanadium, Vanadium Redox Battery\n\u2018Light as a Feather\u2019-metal Cathodes for stable lithium-oxygen batteries \u2013 Li2-O2\nNanoporous nickel cathodes for lithium oxygen batteries are ultralight, shown here balanced on flower stamens. (\u00a9 ACS)\nLithium-oxygen systems could someday outperform today\u2019s lithium-ion batteries because of their potential for high energy density. However, a number of important issues, such as their poor electrochemical stability must be addressed before these systems can successfully compete with current rechargeable batteries.Today, in ACS Central Science (\u201cNanoengineered Ultralight and Robust All-Metal Cathode for High-Capacity, Stable Lithium\u2013Oxygen Batteries\u201d), researchers report a new type of cathode, which could make lithium-oxygen batteries a practical option.\nXin-Bo Zhang and colleagues note that most of the problems associated with lithium-oxygen battery systems arise from two highly reduced oxygen species that react readily with the electrolyte and the cathode. Carbon is a common strong-performing cathode, but it is unstable in these systems.\nThe successful development of Li\u2013O2 battery technology depends on resolving the issue of cathode corrosion by the discharge product (Li2O2) and/or by the intermediates (LiO2) generated during cell cycling. As an important step toward this goal, we report for the first time the nanoporous Ni with a nanoengineered AuNi alloy surface directly attached to Ni foam as a new all-metal cathode system.\nSo, the team hypothesized that the key to unlocking lithium-oxygen batteries\u2019 potential could be to create cathodes that are unreactive to the reduced oxygen species, but that still have the same highly conductive, low-weight, porous characteristics of carbon cathodes. The researchers succeeded in creating an ultralight all-metal cathode.\nThe design incorporated three forms of nickel including a nanoporous nickel interior and a gold-nickel alloy surface directly attached to nickel foam. Compared to carbon cathodes, the system has much higher capacity and is stable for 286 cycles, which is amongst the best for lithium-oxygen systems, and is nearly competitive with current commercial lithium-ion systems.\nFurther experimentation showed that the stability and performance arise from both the metal used and its nanoporous structure, and that both these aspects could be optimized to further improve performance.\nJi-Jing Xu, Zhi-Wen Chang, Yan-Bin Yin, and Xin-Bo Zhang*\nState Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China\nLeave a comment Posted in Nanotechnology Tagged Batteries, Nanotechnology\nUC San Diego: Printed, flexible and rechargeable battery can power Wearable Sensors, Solar Cells, Electronics\nStretchable printed batteries\nNanoengineers at the University of California San Diego have developed the first printed battery that is flexible, stretchable and rechargeable. The zinc batteries could be used to power everything from wearable sensors to solar cells and other kinds of electronics.\nThe work appears in the April 19, 2017 issue of Advanced Energy Materials.\nThe researchers made the printed batteries flexible and stretchable by incorporating a hyper-elastic polymer material made from isoprene, one of the main ingredients in rubber, and polystyrene, a resin-like component. The substance, known as SIS, allows the batteries to stretch to twice their size, in any direction, without suffering damage.\nThe ink used to print the batteries is made of zinc silver oxide mixed with SIS. While zinc batteries have been in use for a long time, they are typically non-rechargeable. The researchers added bismuth oxide to the batteries to make them rechargeable.\n\u201cThis is a significant step toward self-powered stretchable electronics,\u201d said Joseph Wang, one of the paper\u2019s senior authors and a nanoengineering professor at the Jacobs School of Engineering at UC San Diego, where he directs the school\u2019s Center for Wearable Sensors. \u201cWe expect this technology to pave the way to enhance other forms of energy storage and printable, stretchable electronics, not just for zinc-based batteries but also for Lithium-ion batteries, as well as supercapacitors and photovoltaic cells.\u201d\nThe prototype battery the researchers developed has about 1/5 the capacity of a rechargeable hearing aid battery. But it is 1/10 as thick, cheaper and uses commercially available materials. It takes two of these batteries to power a 3 Volt LED. The researchers are still working to improve the battery\u2019s performance. Next steps include expanding the use of the technology to different applications, such as solar and fuel cells; and using the battery to power different kinds of electronic devices.\nResearchers used standard screen printing techniques to make the batteries\u2013a method that dramatically drives down the costs of the technology. Typical materials for one battery cost only $0.50. A comparable commercially available rechargeable battery costs $5.00 Batteries can be printed directly on fabric or on materials that allow wearables to adhere to the skin. They also can be printed as a strip, to power a device that needs more energy. They are stable and can be worn for a long period of time.\nMaking the batteries rechargeable\nThe key ingredient that makes the batteries rechargeable is a molecule called bismuth oxide which, when mixed into the batteries\u2019 zinc electrodes, prolongs the life of devices and allows them to recharge. Adding bismuth oxide to zinc batteries is standard practice in industry to improve performance, but until recently, there hasn\u2019t been a thorough scientific explanation for why.\nLast year, UC San Diego nanoengineers led by Professor Y. Shirley Meng published a detailed molecular study addressing this question (download PDF here). When zinc batteries discharge, their electrodes react with the liquid electrolyte inside the battery, producing zinc salts that dissolve into a solution. This eventually short circuits the battery. Adding bismuth oxide keeps the electrode from losing zinc to the electrolyte. This ensures that the batteries continue to work and can be recharged.\nThe work shows that it is possible to use small amounts of additives, such as bismuth oxide, to change the properties of materials. \u201cUnderstanding the scientific mechanism to do this will allow us to turn non-rechargeable batteries into rechargeable batteries\u2014not just zinc batteries but also for other electro-chemistries, such as Lithium-oxygen,\u201d said Meng, who directs the Sustainable Power and Energy Center at the UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering\nFrom Innovation to Market\nRajan Kumar, a co-first author on this Advanced Energy Materials paper, is a nanoengineering Ph.D. student at the Jacobs School of Engineering. He and nanoengineering professor Wang are leading a team focused on commercializing aspects of this work. The team is one of five to be selected to join a new technology accelerator at UC San Diego. The technology accelerator is run by the UC San Diego Institute for the Global Entrepreneur, which is a collaboration between the Jacobs School of Engineering and Rady School of Management.\nKumar is excited at the prospect of taking advantage of all that the IGE Technology Accelerator has to offer.\n\u201cFor us, it\u2019s strategically perfect,\u201d said Kumar, referring to the $50,000 funding for prototype improvements, the focus on prototype testing with a strategic partner, and the entrepreneurship mentoring.\nKumar is confident in the team\u2019s innovations, which includes the ability to replace coin batteries with thin, stretchable batteries. Making the right strategic moves now is critical for commercialization success.\n\u201cIt\u2019s now about making sure our energies are focused in the right direction,\u201d said Kumar.\nIn addition to the IGE Technology Accelerator, the team was also recently selected to participate in the NSF Innovation-Corps (I-Corps) program at UC San Diego, also administered by the Institute for the Global Entrepreneur. One of the key tenets of the I-Corps program is helping startup teams validate their target markets and business models early in the commercialization process. Through NSF I-Corps, for example, Kumar has already started interviewing potential customers which has helped the team better focus their commercialization strategy.\nThrough these programs, Kumar is focused on leading the team through a series of milestones in order to best position their innovations to refine \u201cboth what to build and who to build it for,\u201d he said.\nPaper Citation\n\u201cAll-Printed, Stretchable Zn-Ag2O Rechargeable Battery via Hyperelastic Binder for Self-Powering Wearable Electronics\u201d in the journal Advanced Energy Materials.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aenm.201602096/full\nAuthors: Rajan Kumar, Jaewook Shin, Lu Yin, Jung-Min You, Prof. Shirley Meng and Prof. Joseph Wang, Department of Nanoengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego.\nJoseph Wang is a distinguished professor, holds the SAIC endowed chair, and serves as chair of the Department of NanoEngineering at the UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering where he directs the Center for Wearable Sensors.\nShirley Meng is a professor in the Department of NanoEngineering and Director of the Sustainable Power and Energy Center at the UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering.\nResearch funders include: Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (DE-AR0000535); Rajan Kumar acknowledges the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No (DGE-1144086).\nThis work was performed in part at the San Diego Nanotechnology Infrastructure (SDNI), a member of the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure, which is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF).\nLeave a comment Posted in Nanotechnology Tagged Batteries, Genesis Nanotechnology, Printable Batteries, Sensors, UC San Diego, Wearable Electronics\nMIT: A BIG step toward mass-producible quantum computers\nA team of researchers from MIT, Harvard University, and Sandia National Laboratories reports a new technique for creating targeted defects in diamond materials, which is simpler and more precise than its predecessors and could benefit diamond-based quantum computing devices.\nQuantum computers are experimental devices that offer large speedups on some computational problems. One promising approach to building them involves harnessing nanometer-scale atomic defects in diamond materials.But practical, diamond-based quantum computing devices will require the ability to position those defects at precise locations in complex diamond structures, where the defects can function as qubits, the basic units of information in quantum computing. In Nature Communications (\u201cScalable focused ion beam creation of nearly lifetime-limited single quantum emitters in diamond nanostructures\u201d), a team of researchers from MIT, Harvard University, and Sandia National Laboratories reports a new technique for creating targeted defects, which is simpler and more precise than its predecessors.\nIn experiments, the defects produced by the technique were, on average, within 50 nanometers of their ideal locations.\n\u201cThe dream scenario in quantum information processing is to make an optical circuit to shuttle photonic qubits and then position a quantum memory wherever you need it,\u201d says Dirk Englund, an associate professor of electrical engineering and computer science who led the MIT team. \u201cWe\u2019re almost there with this. These emitters are almost perfect.\u201d\nThe new paper has 15 co-authors. Seven are from MIT, including Englund and first author Tim Schr\u00f6der, who was a postdoc in Englund\u2019s lab when the work was done and is now an assistant professor at the University of Copenhagen\u2019s Niels Bohr Institute. Edward Bielejec led the Sandia team, and physics professor Mikhail Lukin led the Harvard team.\nAppealing defects\nQuantum computers, which are still largely hypothetical, exploit the phenomenon of quantum \u201csuperposition,\u201d or the counterintuitive ability of small particles to inhabit contradictory physical states at the same time. An electron, for instance, can be said to be in more than one location simultaneously, or to have both of two opposed magnetic orientations.\nWhere a bit in a conventional computer can represent zero or one, a \u201cqubit,\u201d or quantum bit, can represent zero, one, or both at the same time. It\u2019s the ability of strings of qubits to, in some sense, simultaneously explore multiple solutions to a problem that promises computational speedups.\nDiamond-defect qubits result from the combination of \u201cvacancies,\u201d which are locations in the diamond\u2019s crystal lattice where there should be a carbon atom but there isn\u2019t one, and \u201cdopants,\u201d which are atoms of materials other than carbon that have found their way into the lattice. Together, the dopant and the vacancy create a dopant-vacancy \u201ccenter,\u201d which has free electrons associated with it. The electrons\u2019 magnetic orientation, or \u201cspin,\u201d which can be in superposition, constitutes the qubit.\nA perennial problem in the design of quantum computers is how to read information out of qubits. Diamond defects present a simple solution, because they are natural light emitters. In fact, the light particles emitted by diamond defects can preserve the superposition of the qubits, so they could move quantum information between quantum computing devices.\nSilicon switch\nThe most-studied diamond defect is the nitrogen-vacancy center, which can maintain superposition longer than any other candidate qubit. But it emits light in a relatively broad spectrum of frequencies, which can lead to inaccuracies in the measurements on which quantum computing relies.\nIn their new paper, the MIT, Harvard, and Sandia researchers instead use silicon-vacancy centers, which emit light in a very narrow band of frequencies. They don\u2019t naturally maintain superposition as well, but theory suggests that cooling them down to temperatures in the millikelvin range \u2014 fractions of a degree above absolute zero \u2014 could solve that problem. (Nitrogen-vacancy-center qubits require cooling to a relatively balmy 4 kelvins.)\nTo be readable, however, the signals from light-emitting qubits have to be amplified, and it has to be possible to direct them and recombine them to perform computations. That\u2019s why the ability to precisely locate defects is important: It\u2019s easier to etch optical circuits into a diamond and then insert the defects in the right places than to create defects at random and then try to construct optical circuits around them.\nIn the process described in the new paper, the MIT and Harvard researchers first planed a synthetic diamond down until it was only 200 nanometers thick. Then they etched optical cavities into the diamond\u2019s surface. These increase the brightness of the light emitted by the defects (while shortening the emission times).\nThen they sent the diamond to the Sandia team, who have customized a commercial device called the Nano-Implanter to eject streams of silicon ions. The Sandia researchers fired 20 to 30 silicon ions into each of the optical cavities in the diamond and sent it back to Cambridge.\nMobile vacancies\nAt this point, only about 2 percent of the cavities had associated silicon-vacancy centers. But the MIT and Harvard researchers have also developed processes for blasting the diamond with beams of electrons to produce more vacancies, and then heating the diamond to about 1,000 degrees Celsius, which causes the vacancies to move around the crystal lattice so they can bond with silicon atoms.\nAfter the researchers had subjected the diamond to these two processes, the yield had increased tenfold, to 20 percent. In principle, repetitions of the processes should increase the yield of silicon vacancy centers still further.\nWhen the researchers analyzed the locations of the silicon-vacancy centers, they found that they were within about 50 nanometers of their optimal positions at the edge of the cavity. That translated to emitted light that was about 85 to 90 percent as bright as it could be, which is still very good.\nSource: By Larry Hardesty, MIT\nLeave a comment Posted in Nanotechnology Tagged MIT, Nanomaterials, Nanotechnology, Quantum Computing\nWater is surprisingly ordered on the nanoscale\nNanometric-sized water drops are everywhere \u2013 in the air as droplets or aerosols, in our bodies as medication, and in the earth, within rocks and oil fields. To understand the behavior of these drops, it is necessary to know how they interact with their hydrophobic environment.\nThis interaction takes places at the curved droplet interface, a sub-nanometric region that surrounds the small pocket of water. Researchers from EPFL, in collaboration with the institute AMOLF in the Netherlands, were able to observe what was going on in this particular region.\nThey discovered that molecules on the surface of the drops were much more ordered than expected. Their surprising results have been published in Nature\nCommunications. They pave the way to a better understanding of atmospheric, biological and geological processes.\nUnique perspective on miniscule droplets\nAt EPFL, Sylvie Roke, director of the Julia Jacobi Chair of Photomedicine -Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics, has developed a unique method for examining the surface of these droplets that are as thick as one thousandth of a hair, with a volume of an attoliter (18 zeros behind the comma).\n\u201cThe method involves overlapping ultrashort laser pulses in a mixture of water droplets in liquid oil and detecting photons that are scattered only from the interface\u201d, explains Roke. \u201cThese photons have the sum frequency of the incoming photons and are thus of a different color. With this newly generated color we can know the structure of the only the interface.\u201d\nHydrogen bonding as strong as in ice\nThe surface of the water droplets turns out to be much more ordered than that of normal water and is comparable to super cooled (liquid < 0 \u00b0C water) water in which the water molecules have very strong hydrogen bond interactions. In ice, these interactions lead to a stable tetrahedral surrounding of each water molecule. Surprisingly, this type of structure was found on the surface of the droplets even at the room temperature \u2013 50 \u00b0C above were it would normally appear.\nThis research provides valuable insight into the properties of nanometric water drops. \u201cThe chemical properties of these drops depend on how the water molecules are organized on the surface, so it\u2019s really important to understand what\u2019s going on there,\u201d explained Roke. Further research could target the surface properties of water droplets with adding salt, a more realistic model of marine aerosols that consist of salty water surrounded by a hydrophobic environment. Salt may either enhance the water network or reduce its strength. \u201cOr, it may not do anything at all. Given the surprising results found here, we can only speculate\u201d, says Roke.\nThe surface of the water droplets turns out to be much more ordered than that of normal water and is comparable to super cooled (liquid < 0 \u00b0C water) water in which the water molecules have very strong hydrogen bond interactions. @ EPFL- Julia Jacobi Chair of Photomedicine \u2013 Laboratory for fundamental BioPhotonics\nThe interfacial structure of water droplets in a hydrophobic liquid\nNikolay Smolentsev, Wilbert J. Smit, Huib J. Bakker & Sylvie Roke\nNature Communications 8, Article number: 15548 (2017)\ndoi:10.1038/ncomms15548\nLeave a comment Posted in Nanotechnology Tagged Genesis Nanotechnology, Nanotechnology, water\nThe Lilium Jet \u2013 The world\u2019s first all-electric VTOL jet (vertical take-off and landing): Video\n*** From Lilium All-Electric Jet Services\nWe have incredibly exciting news to share. The Lilium Jet successfully completed its maiden test flight series in the skies above Bavaria. The 2-seater Eagle prototype executed a range of complex maneuvers, including its signature mid-air transition from hover mode to wing-borne forward flight.\nSeeing the Lilium Jet take to the sky and performing sophisticated maneuvers with apparent ease is testament to the skill and perseverance of our amazing team. We have solved some of the toughest engineering challenges in aviation to get to this point. The successful test flight programme shows that our ground-breaking technical design works exactly as we envisioned. We can now turn our focus to designing a 5-seater production aircraft.\nLilium enables you to travel 5 times faster than a car by introducing the world\u2019s first all-electric vertical take-off and landing jet: an air taxi for up to 5 people. You won\u2019t have to own one, you will simply pay per ride and call it with a push of a button. It\u2019s our mission to make air taxis available to everyone and as affordable as riding a car.\nIn 1894, Otto Lilienthal began experimenting with the first gliders and imagined a future in which we could all fly wherever we want, whenever we want. Lilium is turning that dream into reality. We are bringing personalized, clean and affordable air travel to everyone.\nRead about the Lilium Jet Story and Technology\nThe world\u2019s first electric vertical take-\u2060off and landing jet.\n** Information obtained for this article is from the Company\u2019s News Release and Website It is for informational purposes only and does not represent any form of endorsement. **\nLeave a comment Posted in Nanotechnology Tagged Batteries, Electric Jet Flight, Lilium, VTOL\nNew Battery Could Power Electric Cars 620 Miles (@ 1,000km) on Single Charge\nThe average American drives about 30 miles (48 kilometers) per day, according to AAA, yet many people are still reluctant to buy electric cars that can travel three times that distance on a single charge.\nThis so-called range anxiety is one reason gasoline-powered vehicles still rule the road, but a team of scientists is working to ease those fears.\nMareike Wolter, Project Manager of Mobile Energy Storage Systems at Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft in Dresden, Germany, is working with a team on a new battery that would give electric cars a range of about 620 miles (1,000 km) on a single charge.\nWolter said the project began about three years ago when researchers from Fraunhofer as well as ThyssenKrupp System Engineering and IAV Automotive Engineering started brainstorming about how they could improve the energy density of automotive lithium batteries.\nThey turned to the popular all-electric car, the Tesla, as a starting point. Tesla\u2019s latest vehicle, the Model S 100D has a 100-kilowatt-hour battery pack, which reportedly gives it a range of 335 miles (540 km).\nThe pack is large, about 16 feet long, 6 feet wide and 4 inches thick. It contains more than 8,000 lithium-ion battery cells, each one individually packaged inside a cylinder housing that measures about 2 to 3 inches (6 to 7 centimeters) high and about 0.8 inches (2 cm) across.\n\u201cWe thought if we could use the same space as the battery in the Tesla, but improve the energy density and finally drive 1,000 km, this would be nice,\u201d Wolter told Live Science.\nOne way of doing this would be to refine the materials inside the battery so that it could store more energy, she said. But another way would be to improve the system\u2019s design as a whole, Wolter said.\nNearly 50 percent of each cell is devoted to components such as the housing, the anode (the battery\u2019s negative terminal), the cathode (the battery\u2019s positive terminal) and the electrolyte, the liquid that transports the charged particles.\nAdditional space is needed inside the car to wire the battery packs to the vehicle\u2019s electrical system.\n\u201cIt\u2019s a lot of wasted space,\u201d Wolter said. \u201cYou have a lot of inactive components in the system, and that\u2019s a problem from our point of view.\u201d\nThe scientists decided to reimagine the entire design, they said.\nAn illustration that shows how the new electric battery is stacked like a ream of paper. Credit: Fraunhofer IKTS\nTo do so, they got rid of the housings that encase individual batteries and turned to a thin, sheet-like design instead of a cylinder.\nTheir metallic sheet is coated with an energy-storage material made from powdered ceramic mixed with a polymer binder. One side serves as the cathode, and other side serves as the anode.\nThe researchers stacked several of these so-called bipolar electrodes one on top of the other, like sheets of paper in a ream, separating the electrodes by thin layers of electrolyte and a material that prevents electrical charges from shorting out the whole system.\nThe \u201cream\u201d is sealed within a package measuring about 10 square feet (1square meter), and contacts on the top and bottom connect to the car\u2019s electrical system.\nThe goal is to build a battery system that fits in the same space as the one used by Tesla\u2019s vehicles or other electric vehicles, the researchers said.\n\u201cWe can put more electrodes storing the energy in the same space,\u201d Wolter said.\nShe added that the researchers aim to have such a system ready to test in cars by 2020.\nOriginal article on Live Science.\nLeave a comment Posted in Nanotechnology Tagged Batteries, Energy, EV's, Genesis Nanotechnology, Live Science, Nanotechnology\nMIT: Tesla Not the Only Battery Game in Town ~ Electric Cars Could Be Cheaper Than Internal Combustion by 2030\nGerman chancellor Angela Merkel visits Accumotive\u2019s plant in Kamenz, Germany.\nTesla gets the headlines, but big battery factories are being built all over the world, driving down prices.\nBattery production is booming, and Tesla is far from the only game in town.\nAccording to Bloomberg New Energy Finance, global battery production is forecast to more than double between now and 2021. The expansion is in turn driving prices down, good news both for the budding electric-car industry and for energy companies looking to build out grid-scale storage to back up renewable forms of energy.\nWhile Tesla gets tons of attention for its \u201cgigafactories\u201d\u2014one in Nevada that will produce batteries, and another in New York that will produce solar panels\u2014the fact is, the company has a lot of battery-building competition.\nExhibit A is a new battery plant in Kamenz, Germany, run by Accumotive. The half-billion-euro facility broke ground on Monday with a visit from German chancellor Angela Merkel and will supply batteries to its parent company, Daimler, which is betting heavily on the burgeoning electric-vehicle market.\nBut the lion\u2019s share of growth is expected to be in Asia. BYD, Samsung, LG, and Panasonic (which has partnered with Tesla) are all among the world\u2019s top battery producers, and nine of the world\u2019s largest new battery factories are under construction in China (paywall), according to Benchmark Minerals.\nThat competition means the steady downward trend in battery prices is going to continue. On a per-kilowatt-hour basis, costs have fallen from $542 in 2012 to around $139 today, according to analysis by Benchmark.\nThat makes for a huge difference in the cost of an electric car, of which 40 percent is usually down to the battery itself.\nBloomberg\u2019s analysts have already said that the 2020s could be the decade in which electric cars take off\u2014and one even went so far as to say that by 2030, electric cars could be cheaper than those powered by internal combustion.\nThose watching the industry might worry that a flood of cheap batteries could end up hurting profitability for producers, as happened in the solar-panel business.\nThat could happen, but India and China, two huge rising automotive markets, are bullish about using electric cars to help solve problems like traffic congestion and air pollution. So even as supply ramps up, there is likely to be plenty of demand to go around.\nMIT Technology Review: M. Reilly Sr. Editor\nLeave a comment Posted in Nanotechnology Tagged Batteries, Electric Vehicles, Energy, EV's, Genesis Nanotechnology, Nanotechnology, Tesla\nBrightVolt flexible batteries using solid state lithium polymer: YouTube Video\nBrightVolt (http://brightvolt.com)\ndevelops flexible batteries using solid state thin film lithium polymer, Polymer Matrix Electrolyte (PME) for batteries enabling new small IoT devices, smart clothing, healthcare and more.\nLeave a comment Posted in Nanotechnology Tagged Batteries, Flexible electronics, Flexible Screens, Nano Batteries\nA Holey Graphene Electrode framework that enables highly efficient charge delivery \u2013 Making Better Batteries for the Future\nThis visualisation shows layers of graphene used for membranes. Credit: University of Manchester\nA team of researchers affiliated with institutions in the U.S., China and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has developed a new type of porous graphene electrode framework that is capable of highly efficient charge delivery. In their paper published in the journal Science, the group describes how they overcame traditional conflicts arising between trade-offs involving density and speed to produce an electrode capable of facilitating rapid ion transport. Hui-Ming Cheng and Feng Li with the Chinese Academy of Sciences offer a Perspective piece on the work done by the team in the same journal issue, and include some opinions of their own regarding where such work is likely heading.\nIn a perfect world, batteries would have unlimited energy storage delivered at speeds high enough to power devices with unlimited needs. The phaser from Star Trek, for example, would require far more power and speed than is possible in today\u2019s devices.\nWhile it is unlikely that such technology will ever come about, it does appear possible that batteries of the future will perform much better than today, likely due to nano-structured materials\u2014they have already shown promise when used as electrode material due to their unique properties. Unfortunately, their use has been limited thus far due to the ultra-thin nature of the resulting electrodes and their extremely low mass loadings compared to those currently in use. In this new effort, the researchers report on a new way to create an electrode using graphene that overcomes such limitations.\nThe electrode they built is porous, which in this case means that it has holes in it. Those holes, as Cheng and Li note, allow better charge transport while also offering improved capacity retention density. The graphene framework they built, they note, offers a superior means of electron transport and its porous nature allows for a high ion diffusion rate\u2014the holes force the ions to take shortcuts, reducing diffusion.\nCheng and Li suggest the new work is likely to inspire similar designs in the search for better electrode materials, which they further suggest appears likely to lead to new electrodes that are not only practical, but have high mass loadings.\nExplore further: New graphene framework bridges gap between traditional capacitors, batteries\nMore information: Hongtao Sun et al. Three-dimensional holey-graphene/niobia composite architectures for ultrahigh-rate energy storage, Science (2017). DOI: 10.1126/science.aam5852\nNanostructured materials have shown extraordinary promise for electrochemical energy storage but are usually limited to electrodes with rather low mass loading (~1 milligram per square centimeter) because of the increasing ion diffusion limitations in thicker electrodes.\nWe report the design of a three-dimensional (3D) holey-graphene/niobia (Nb2O5) composite for ultrahigh-rate energy storage at practical levels of mass loading (>10 milligrams per square centimeter). The highly interconnected graphene network in the 3D architecture provides excellent electron transport properties, and its hierarchical porous structure facilitates rapid ion transport.\nBy systematically tailoring the porosity in the holey graphene backbone, charge transport in the composite architecture is optimized to deliver high areal capacity and high-rate capability at high mass loading, which represents a critical step forward toward practical applications.\nJournal reference: Science\nLeave a comment Posted in Nanotechnology Tagged Batteries, Energy storage, Genesis Nanotechnology, Graphene, Nano Batteries, University of Manchester", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line464053"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.9807045459747314, "wiki_prob": 0.9807045459747314, "text": "David Crosby Saddens His Fans As He Shuts Down The Rumors About Neil Young And Possible Reunion\nMelek Nur Pervan\nThe founding member of The Byrds and Crosby, Stills & Nash, David Crosby shared a post on his official page responding to a fan\u2019s expectations of him performing for the 2021 Grammys along with Neil Young, however, Crosby made it perfectly clear that it\u2019s not going to happen.\nAs you may know, The Recording Academy revealed nominations for the 2021 Grammys on November 24 on their official website. The nominations and expectations of winners thrilled the fans since the Grammys is one of the biggest celebrations of music, however, they are also concerned with the performances on the show.\nFor next year\u2019s Grammy Awards, the official website of Billboard started a poll mostly including pop star names like Beyonce, Billie Eilish, Taylor Swift and asked fans who should perform for the upcoming award show.\nIn addition to the musicians who were already on the list, Billboard also added another choice in which all fans got the opportunity to add a musician of their choice. Since the official Twitter page of Billboard also announced the survey, fans have already started to share their opinions.\nAlongside fans, David Crosby also shared a post on his official Twitter page and revealed his choice for the performer on the 2021 Grammys. Apparently, Crosby wants to see one of the best selling artists of all time, James Taylor, three-time Grammy winner band, Snarky Puppy, and former member of Drive-By Truckers and four-time Grammy winner, Jason Isbell.\nHere is what Crosby said:\n\u201cJames Taylor, Snarky Puppy, Jason Isbell\u201d\nAfter given the opportunity, a fan shared a post on Twitter stating that David Crosby, Neil Young, Grahan Nash, and Stephen Stills, the former members of the band Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young should be performing for the upcoming Grammy Awards.\nHere is what the fan said:\n\u201cDavid Crosby, Neil Young, Graham Nash, Stephen Stills\u201d\nDavid Crosby replied to that fan\u2019s tweet and shared a post on his official Twitter page strictly revealing that it\u2019s not going to happen which led fans to think a reunion like this does not seem quite possible.\n\u201cI guarantee that will not happen.\u201c\nYou can see the Twitter posts below.\nJames Taylor , Snarky Puppy, Jason Isbell https://t.co/ZB6PR5QUem\n\u2014 David Crosby (@thedavidcrosby) November 28, 2020\nI guarantee that will not happen https://t.co/1T5MlAziDm\nDavid Crosby News\nNeil Young News\nPrevious articleRed Hot Chili Peppers\u2019 Flea Shares His Opinions On Paul McCartney\u2019s New Album\nNext articleGene Simmons Daughter Sophie Looks Gorgeous In A Recent Video As She Announces Her New Book Is Out\nHi! I'm Melek. I'm a passionate writer who's also into rock and metal music. Please let me know if you have any suggestions. meleknur@metalheadzone.com", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line547098"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.5210192799568176, "wiki_prob": 0.5210192799568176, "text": "Discover the Philippines\nAsian Geographic TV\nAsian Geographic Magazines\nHome On Assignment Namast\u00e9\nA group of priests performing agni puja, in which a dedication is made to Lord Shiva\nThe mass pilgrimage at Kumbh Mela unites Hindus in a splendid showcase of faith and devotion\nText Shirin Bhandari\nPhotos Gunther Deichmann\nThe Hindu devotee\u2019s hands are pressed together. His palms touch, close to his chest, and his fingers point upwards. His brightly-coloured turban is in stark contrast to his thick white beard. \u201cNamaste,\u201d he says with a slight bow. Literally translated, the word means \u201cI bow to the divine in you.\u201d A respectful greeting, namaste, or namaskar, combined with the wordless hand gesture, conveys the same meaning of acknowledgement for a loved one, a guest or a stranger, regardless of the speaker\u2019s language, culture or religion. Amidst the potpourri of more than 1,500 languages spoken in India, namaste is a universal form of salutation, understood by all, and particularly so during the Kumbh Mela. The left-to-right head wobble \u2013 would that be a yes or a no? \u2013 is another story!\nSadhus come from all over India to participate in the Kumbh Mela, held every 12 years in Ujjain (Image \u00a9 Gunther Deichmann)\nIt is a Sensory Overload\nIndia is not for the faint-hearted. It is sensory overload; there are no grey areas: either you\u2019ll love to travel the country or hate it well enough to take the first flight out. India can break you with its poverty, lack of privacy and dirt; ironically, Western travellers claim to have found inner spirituality after a two-week trip. The Kumbh Mela \u2013 the largest spiritual gathering in the world, when Hindus gather en masse to bathe in a sacred river and cleanse themselves of sin \u2013 is the ultimate test.\nFirst documented by a Chinese traveller in the seventh century, the colourful celebration of the world\u2019s oldest religion is held once every 12 years. The exact date of the festival is determined according to a combination of the zodiac positions of Jupiter, the sun and the moon.\nHindu mythology describes how the Lord Vishnu dropped the drink of immortality over four locations as he was transporting it in a kumbha (pot), hence the name. The Mela (gathering) is centred at the banks of a river where devotees bathe to cleanse themselves of their sins. The main festival site is, of course, located on the banks of a river: the Ganges at Haridwar; the confluence of the Ganges and Yamuna and the invisible Sarasvati at Allahabad; the Sarasvati at Allahabad; the Godavari at Nashik; and the Shipra at Ujjain.\nA group of priests performing agni puja, in which a dedication is made to Lord Shiva (Image \u00a9 Gunther Deichmann)\nThe Kumbh Mela is a melting pot of the millions of people that visit from the various states who, despite speaking diversely different languages, converge peacefully in the name of religion. The event is widely known by its Sanskrit name, Kumbha, the sacred language of Hinduism and a ceremonial language in pujas (prayers) and religious rituals. Sanskrit is the sacred language of Hinduism and one of the oldest Indo-European languages in the world. The literature holds a deep tradition in drama, poetry, religious and philosophical texts.\nAs such, Sanskrit hymns and chants are widely heard throughout the Kumbh Mela. Kumbha is also \u2013 fittingly \u2013 the sign of the Aquarius.\nThe Kumbh Mela in Ujjain can be traced back to the 18th century. The ancient city, considered one of the most sacred places in India, sits along the eastern bank of the Kshipra River and is located in the state of Madhya Pradesh in central India. It is as if time has stood still here. Visitors travel to India on planes, trains and automobiles, then transfer to more eclectic, old-world modes of transportation: camels, horses, even elephants. The devotees are from all walks of life, from various castes and religious orders \u2013 Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs, even Christian missionaries \u2013 with one purpose: to bathe and be born again, freed into an eternal life without sin and suffering. Between 22 April and 21 May 2016, approximately 75 million people visited.\nThe main temple of reverence in Ujjain is the Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga, situated on the side of the Rudra Sagar Lake. It is one of the most famous Hindu temples dedicated to Lord Shiva, and is said to be one of twelve jyotirlingams that is the most sacred abode of Lord Shiva. The Ram Ghat \u2013 one of the most popular \u2013 is located close to the Harsiddhi Temple in Ujjain. Indian astronomers have calculated that the Tropic of Cancer passes through the city of Ujjain, making it the Greenwich of India.\nThe Peoples\nThe largest crowd-pullers at the Kumbh Mela are the sadhus or the holy men of India. The root word sadh in Sanskrit means \u2018to reach one\u2019s goal\u2019; the same word is used in the sadhana, or spiritual practice. Becoming a sadhu is the fourth stage in a Hindu\u2019s life, and the practice is also open to women (sadvi). Coming from a variety of castes, the holy people of India practise a nomadic life and their spiritual discipline involves self-denial: renouncing the world for meditation and contemplation.\nLiving apart from society \u2013 in Hindu temples, ashrams, forests and caves \u2013 the sadhus focus on their yogic and spiritual beliefs. Some of them thrive in large communes while others choose a more reclusive lifestyle. They rely on donations from people to survive. It is a difficult path and sadhus are considered legally dead unto themselves and to India. Regardless, it is believed that their devotion is good karma and beneficial to Indian society.\nThe nanga (naked) sadhus, with their thick dreadlocks and ash-covered skin, claim to be in the company of ghosts. They certainly look the part. India has an infinite amount of rituals and traditions that can lead one to God. Their choice to live in cemeteries as part of their holy path is, however, macabre. Some are thought to possess special powers. The fascination with the Lord Shiva explains their heavy use of charas (cannabis), who was thought to have a deep affinity for the plant.\nMost devotees at the event are draped in brightly-coloured fabrics, though marigold is predominant, and beads of different shapes and sizes, often mixed with silver, adorn their necks and wrists. Tents of various hues fill the horizon. Fragrant food stalls serve only vegetarian cuisine so that nobody is offended. The smell of musky incense mixed with ganja (marijuana) fills the air. The stairs leading down to the body of water are full of people patiently waiting their turn in the river. The nanga sadhus flock to bathe, proving that one can detach from worldly things. The outcome is an overwhelming, unexpected and extraordinary visual feast.\nEvery 144 years, a Maha (great) Kumbh Mela occurs. It is said that in 2013, more than 120 million pilgrims attended the Maha Kumbh Mela in Allahabad within a span of two months. The gathering was so huge that it was visible from space!\nWhatever the reasons for the pilgrimage, the Kumbh Mela has proven for centuries that it embodies the Indian spirit. From this whirlwind of activities and swirl of languages and cultures, faith \u2013 together with the timeless journey towards forgiveness and redemption \u2013 is the one factor that unites people.\nFor more stories and photographs from this issue, check out Asian Geographic Issue 120.\nGunther Deichmann\nShirin Bhandari\nPrevious articleThe Future of Language\nNext articleRevisiting the Samurai\nOur Planet, Our Life: Cleaning Up Versova Beach\nNature\u2019s Lightning Show\nEducation and Hope: Inheriting a Future\nThe Sky is Bad Today\nHomeless, not Shameless\nRiding the Golden Eagle: From Russia with Love\nIsland Nations of Asia\nArticles editor - May 3, 2021\nWhat is an Island Nation? An island country is a nation that is made up of one or more islands or land that is surrounded completely by water. Around one-fifth of Asia is made up of island nations, and while island countries are typically small with low populations, some, like...\nThe Pyramid of Gunung Padang\nHeritage editor - May 18, 2019\nMegalithic site in Indonesia could be the oldest in the world Gunung Padang Indonesia G\u00f6bekli Tepe TurkeyPyramids of Giza EgyptStonehenge EnglandBorobudur IndonesiaRapa Nui Easter IslandMacchu Picchu PeruGunung Padang is once again making headlines as the first pyramid in Southeast Asia and the oldest megalithic site in the world.Recent discoveries as deep as 90 feet found the hill-pyramid to contain...\nThe Hanging Gardens of Babylon\nHeritage editor - June 17, 2019\n(Photo: Graphicaartis/Corbis) The Hanging Gardens of Babylon has captured the imagination of historians worldwide for centuries. Yet, its existence remains a debate as years of digging have turned up nothing about the lost Gardens.First described in a book called Babyloniaca by a Chaldean priest named Berossus in 280 BC, the...\nAsian Geographic Magazine celebrates Asia\u2019s diversity, covering stunning landscapes and travel destinations, environmental issues, travel, heritage, arts and cultures.\nBased in Singapore, the team has its fingers on the pulse of Asia, scouring the region to bring powerful stories and photographs to its readers and viewers.\nTitles under Asian Geographic Magazines include its flagship title Asian Geographic as well as diving titles Asian Diver and Scuba Diver in print and UnderWater360 online.", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line188"}
{"pred_label": "__label__cc", "pred_label_prob": 0.5643853545188904, "wiki_prob": 0.4356146454811096, "text": "The effect of competition by Chinese exports in international markets on the Portuguese labour market\nChinese exports may affect a given country directly through intensifying competition in the domestic market, but also indirectly in foreign markets where firms from that country compete with Chinese exports. In fact, the large export market share gains of China in low-tech, low-skill products, like textiles, clothing, footwear, and electric appliances, were accompanied by losses in the export shares of several other countries, like Portugal. These indirect effects of competition in third-country export markets are the main object of this study; they can be significant given the growing sophistication of China\u2019s exports, implying greater competition in virtually all industries in which developed economies operate. In our work, we analyze both the direct and indirect labour market effects of rising international trade exposure to China, focusing on the case of Portugal.\nConsistent with previous research, we find evidence that China\u2019s expanding role in global trade represented a major negative shock for the Portuguese labour market. However, in contrast to evidence from other countries, the direct effects of increased imports from China are mostly non-significant. The negative labour market effects stem exclusively from the higher competition of Chinese products in the main destination markets of Portuguese exports. Portuguese workers in industries more exposed to this indirect competition from China saw their total cumulative wages and employment fall when compared to similar workers in less exposed industries. Particular groups of workers were more affected by the Chinese competition in international markets, namely women, older and less educated workers. The paper points to the relevance of differentiating the effects of trade on the cross section of workers when designing economic and social policies aimed at supporting workers hurt by globalization.\nClick here to go to the paper by S\u00f3nia Cabral, Pedro S. Martins, Jo\u00e3o Pereira dos Santos and Mariana Tavares.", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line620273"}
{"pred_label": "__label__cc", "pred_label_prob": 0.5090673565864563, "wiki_prob": 0.4909326434135437, "text": "Are \u201cThe Classics\u201d Bad for You?\nFebruary 8, 2022 \u2022 By Naomi Kanakia\nIN MY FIELD, young adult fiction, there\u2019ll be a viral Twitter thread every few months that asks, \u201cWhat books should no longer be taught in high school?\u201d And hundreds of people will inevitably name stuffy old white books that they think have no relevance to modern teens and/or which they hated reading as kids.\nNow we\u2019re not talking Homer or Plato here. Usually, people will mention The Great Gatsby or The Catcher in the Rye. Sometimes Ethan Frome comes up (deservedly so, it\u2019s one of Wharton\u2019s weakest works). Weirdly, people always bring up Moby-Dick, to which my response is, \u201cWhat high schools are teaching Moby-Dick? Even most colleges don\u2019t teach it anymore.\u201d\nInevitably these exchanges become heated, as people leap in to defend \u201cclassic literature\u201d and the general concept of \u201creading the Classics.\u201d Sometimes passions really flare, and I have a number of writer-acquaintances who will, in private, shake their heads at these threads and talk about cancel culture and censorship and how you\u2019re not allowed to think improper thoughts anymore.\nThe whole phenomenon is of particular interest to me for two reasons. The first is that I adore the Classics, and my extensive reading is a major part of my personal identity, so I always have to restrain myself from weighing in.\nAnd the second is that I never did the reading in high school. The last book I remember opening for high school English was Pride and Prejudice in 10th grade, and it was so dull that I threw it across the room and finished my essay using CliffsNotes. For most of college, and even grad school, I didn\u2019t read any of the required texts.\nI have since gone back and read most of these books and loved them! I remember laughing out loud at the first page of Pride and Prejudice, which I finally read when I was 26, and wondering how my 10th-grade self could have possibly disliked it.\nAnd yet I still hate doing the required reading. It\u2019s antithetical to the whole spirit of reading, in my view. It\u2019s one reason I no longer accept books for review \u2014 the process of having to read a book is simply too grueling. The freedom to read what I want when I want is a critical part of my intellectual life, and I frankly resent whenever someone tries to rob me of that freedom \u2014 even when they\u2019re a professor I\u2019m paying to teach me! I know, it\u2019s messed up. The point is: I sympathize with the people who just don\u2019t want to be forced to read books they think are bad.\nOn the other hand, I know a lot of people, many of them teachers or professors, who are very invested in the idea of forcing other people to read this book or that book. And I understand that, too. They see it not just as beneficial to their students but as a duty that is required of them by their profession. Others may feel a more generalized sense of responsibility to the young people of the world: I remember being shocked when another (quite good) YA writer told me that she never wrote anything that didn\u2019t have some didactic purpose. She saw it as her responsibility to educate and inform young people.\nThat\u2019s not really how I feel at all. I don\u2019t think the work I do as a writer or a thinker has any broader purpose other than to explore ideas and raise questions. And I\u2019m lucky to be in a field and a life situation where, honestly, nobody cares what I\u2019ve read, and I don\u2019t need to make choices about what other people should read.\nBut I think that, because I participate in the life of the mind without feeling any concomitant responsibilities toward young people, I can perhaps better see that kicking books out of high school curricula isn\u2019t entirely an abridgment of free speech. To argue that nobody should be allowed to read a book is censorship, and it would be stifling to one\u2019s art. To simply not be taught a book isn\u2019t quite the same thing. I think there is a certain confusion here between the freedom we as writers and thinkers need to feel in our reading \u2014 we cannot feel like there\u2019s anything we\u2019re simply not allowed to read \u2014 and the wholly separate topic of what books children should be compelled to read.\nTo my mind, the two are very separate things. A person\u2019s art needs to be free and unrestrained, whereas the development of curricula is a civic problem \u2014 it\u2019s a community issue that cannot be resolved without constraint, without loss, and without change.\nNow, a person can definitely have opinions about curricula. But they need to accept that their opinions won\u2019t necessarily be privileged. For instance, I often hear other writers, especially in my field, say they don\u2019t have time for that old stuff, especially for books by old white men. Personally, I would never in my life advise a young writer to avoid older books. But it\u2019s not up to me. Every person has to decide for themselves what to read. And, personally, I am very interested in the question of whether a writer who is relentlessly locked into contemporary mindsets can still write thoughtful and nuanced fiction. I doubt it, but they\u2019re the person who will suffer, not me.\nIn fact, sometimes, the competitive part of me is a little gleeful that so many people ignore our literary history. I think, \u201cWow, given the amount of talent and brilliance in the world, it would be very difficult for me to produce anything worthwhile if it weren\u2019t for the fact that so many writers are giving themselves a massive disadvantage before they\u2019ve begun.\u201d\nSome people try to strike a middle ground here and say, \u201cWell, you don\u2019t have to read white people, but you really ought to read books from before the contemporary era.\u201d Except who are we really talking about? What nonwhite writers specifically? The Indian and Chinese and Latin American writers from before 1900 are usually just as wrapped up in prejudice and exploitation as the white writers.\nI think reading white people is important, too. I would be surprised if someone writing in English could write at their best without reading any white writers. Our language and its literary history are largely a product, until relatively late in the game, of white people. A great many of those white people had terrible and reprobate political views. I wish that wasn\u2019t the case. I wish that there were Indian writers who were writing in English in the 19th century who could\u2019ve played the role in the development of the English language that Dickens did, but there weren\u2019t. Instead, we have Indian writers who came fresh to the language as a result of colonialism, and in order to fully possess and work with the language, they had to read writers like Dickens. That\u2019s not true to the same extent today \u2014 you can write fairly well in English without reading white writers \u2014 but there are still vast parts of the English literary tradition that are inaccessible if you don\u2019t read white writers.\nOthers, of course, see the situation quite differently. In their opinion, Dickens is poisoned by his faults (the horrendous antisemitism of Oliver Twist comes to mind), and they can\u2019t bear to read him, much less make him a literary model. And that\u2019s fine. They\u2019ll be judged, as I am, not by their reading but by their work. And many of those people are much more critically and commercially successful than I am! So, I am sure they\u2019re laughing at me right now.\nIn these times, it doesn\u2019t really serve a writer or a thinker to become too possessive of their culture or their reading. We have to put our work first and engage in actions that support our work.\nI\u2019ve been reading a lot of Kant lately, and I found it amusing that in his essay \u201cWhat Is Enlightenment?\u201d he says a society can only achieve Enlightenment if it allows \u201cfreedom to make public use of one\u2019s reason in all matters.\u201d After saying this, however, he immediately backtracks, twisting himself in knots trying to explain that, by \u201cpublic use,\u201d he only means \u201cthat use which a man, as scholar, makes of it before the reading public.\u201d He contrasts this with the private use of reason, which is the use \u201ca man makes of his reason in a civic post that has been entrusted to him.\u201d (Yes, I know, he\u2019s using public and private in exactly the opposite way we would use them today.) Sometimes, he argues, the same job involves both the public and the private use of a person\u2019s reason. The private use is constrained, while the public use must be free. An example is a minister who is bound to preach the doctrines of his church to his congregation even though, as a scholar, he openly disagrees with those same doctrines.\nKant took care to make this distinction because he lived in 18th-century Prussia \u2014 a militarized, autocratic society where people clearly were not free to do as they wished. The Prussian state is nobody\u2019s idea of a society conducive to freedom. But it allowed Kant to think freely and to communicate with other thoughtful people.\nI think, similarly, we are entering a time when many academics and teachers will have to confront the difference between their public and private characters. And, for a lot of people who are used to their narrative being the dominant one, this will be an unfamiliar experience. Unlike me, they work in fields that have given them status and prestige because of their reading and their expertise in what they regard as the Classics. And they\u2019ve been free to impose their viewpoints on other people, particularly their students.\nBut now they will experience what, frankly, many marginalized people have always experienced: a sense of disjunction, a sense of working within an institution whose values are at odds with their own. And they will experience the need to subject their views to the marketplace of ideas and to risk being shouted down or vilified.\nI am glad I am not in charge of creating a curriculum for young writers. I have loved many writers who wrote things that a modern young person would find intolerable. I\u2019m thinking of the ableism of Stefan Zweig\u2019s Beware of Pity (1939), for instance; the bizarre phobia about lesbians in Proust; or the participation of the ancient Greeks and Romans in a vicious slave economy. As a trans woman, I have many times encountered transphobic jokes and remarks in works I\u2019ve read and enjoyed, including some from as recently as the last 15 years (off the top of my head, I can name episodes of Bob\u2019s Burgers, How I Met Your Mother, and 30 Rock). If I only read writers who thought that trans people were full human beings worthy of respect, I would have a very limited set of texts to read.\nNonetheless, that set would still be larger than any human being could ever read in a lifetime. And if a writer wanted to limit themselves to that group, then I would understand the principle behind it. But if they asked me, in my professional opinion, whether that would be conducive to them writing beautiful and nuanced literature \u2014 the sort of thing that can stand with the best that\u2019s ever been thought or written \u2014 I would have to say, \u201cYou\u2019re really hindering yourself. And given the difficulty of your goal, you should be aiming to shed hindrances, not take them on.\u201d\nLuckily, nobody asks me that! I\u2019m not a professor. I\u2019m not a teacher. I don\u2019t design curricula. But let\u2019s say that I were, and let\u2019s say my student responded, quite earnestly, by saying, \u201cI\u2019ve heard what you have to say, and I must report that these books are harmful to me, and I believe with the core of my being that I shouldn\u2019t be asked to read them.\u201d\nWell \u2026 you can ignore one such student. Or two. Maybe even 10. But eventually the voice becomes too loud, and the only practical thing is to say, \u201cI think you\u2019re wrong, but have it your way. Let\u2019s find some overlap between what I can teach and what you\u2019re willing to learn.\u201d\nNaomi Kanakia is the author of three novels, out and forthcoming from Little, Brown and Harper, and of a guide to the publishing industry.\nNaomi Kanakia\nNaomi Kanakia is the author of three novels, out and forthcoming from Little, Brown and Harper, and of a guide to the publishing industry. Her stories, poems, and essays have appeared in Clarkesworld, Gulf Coast, F&SF, The Indiana Review, West Branch, Vallum, and others. She lives in San Francisco with her wife and daughter.\nExplicit and Confounding Books: On Christopher Hilliard\u2019s \u201cA Matter of Obscenity\u201d\nA lucid and engaging cultural history of censorship debates in Britain from 1857 to 1979....\nThe Myth of the Classically Educated Elite\nDespite the hype, neither American nor British elites have been particularly cultured....\nWhat Is Literature For?: A Symposium on Angus Fletcher\u2019s \u201cWonderworks\u201d\nKeith P. Mankin, Ed Simon, and Erik J. Larson each review Angus Fletcher\u2019s \u201cWonderworks,\u201d and Fletcher responds....\nCancellation of the Gods\nIt should be easy to ignore Wagner because of his antisemitic legacy. But it\u2019s not that simple....\nThe Humanities in the Age of Loneliness\n\"Save the planet, read a book.\" Robert Newman on how to prevent the Eremocene....", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line134273"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.9902637600898743, "wiki_prob": 0.9902637600898743, "text": "Home Entertainment The French publisher of Harry\u2019s memoirs has printed 130,000 new copies; James Cameron Celebrated Hollywood Made Avatar Hits and More\nThe French publisher of Harry\u2019s memoirs has printed 130,000 new copies; James Cameron Celebrated Hollywood Made Avatar Hits and More\nHere is a summary of current entertainment news.\nThe French publisher of Harry\u2019s memoirs has printed 130,000 new copies\nStrong demand for the French edition of Prince Harry\u2019s memoirs prompted Parisian publisher Viard to print an additional 130,000 copies, a company spokesman told Reuters on Thursday, just two days after the book went on sale. \u201cThis is in addition to the 210,000 copies originally printed,\u201d the spokesperson said, adding that more could be printed based on orders.\nJames Cameron celebrated in Hollywood amid the success of Avatar\nAs Avatar: The Way of Water climbs the box office charts, director James Cameron is putting his hands and feet in cement outside the TCL Chinese Theater in Hollywood on Thursday to celebrate his contributions to the film industry. Longtime collaborator Sigourney Weaver tricked Cameron and producer Jon Landau into going barefoot to attend the ceremony. The winners usually keep their shoes.\nBest Harry Styles and Weight League UK nominations\nThe nominations for this year\u2019s BRIT Awards have been announced, with Harry Styles and Waite each taking the lead with four nods each.\nGlobal pop star Styles and rock duo Wet Leg were announced via a live webcast Thursday, both competing for the prestigious Album of the Year award alongside rap artist Stormzy, producer Fred Once Again, and pop rock band The 1975.\nWarner Bros Discovery has raised prices for HBO Max for the first time in the United States\nWarner Bros. announced. Discovery Inc. is increasing ad-free HBO Max subscription fees in the US for the first time since the streaming service launched in 2020, the broadcaster announced Thursday, sending its shares down 3%. The price of the platform, which currently streams shows like \u201cThe White Lotus\u201d and \u201cHouse of the Dragon,\u201d will increase by $1 to $15.99 plus tax per month for US subscribers.\nHBO\u2019s The Last of Us gives hope to the video game adaptation market\nThe 2013 video game \u201cThe Last of Us\u201d was a hit among critics and gamers alike thanks to its strong narrative. Ten years later, this story is heading to TV on HBO in what the industry hopes will be a harbinger of great video game adaptations for TV and movies. Created by video game developer Naughty Dog and published by Sony Entertainment, The Last of Us follows tough survivor Joel and his young assistant Ellie as they navigate a post-pandemic world struggling with mutated people and creatures.\nRock guitarist Jeff Beck has died at the age of 78\nGeoff Beck, the influential and immortal English guitarist who rose to fame with The Yardbirds before later embarking on a solo career, has died at the age of 78, his family announced on social media on Wednesday. The family said he died peacefully on Tuesday after suddenly contracting bacterial meningitis.\n\u201cLord of the Dance\u201d features Flatley\u2019s treatment of an \u201caggressive\u201d form of cancer\nIrish-American dancer Michael Flatley has undergone surgery for an \u201caggressive\u201d form of cancer and is under medical supervision, said a statement on the \u201cMaster of Dance\u201d maker\u2019s Instagram account. Flatley, 64, is best known as a key member of the band Riverdance, whose breakout performance at the 1994 Eurovision Song Contest catapulted Irish dance into the global spotlight. Later he opened his own show \u2018Lord of the Dance\u2019.\nThe comic follows Brittney Griner from college hoops to a Russian prison\nFrom college hoops to a Russian jail cell, basketball star Brittney Grenier\u2019s life is chronicled in a new comic book from TidalWave Comics. Griner is part of the publisher\u2019s Female Force series that celebrates women with inspiring stories.\nDisney prepares for battle in the boardroom\nActivist investor Nelson Peltz made a bid Thursday for a seat on the board of The Walt Disney Company, sparking what appears to be a boardroom battle at the Magic Kingdom. It comes after company veteran Bob Iger returned to his role at parent company Marvel to help boost the profitability of its streaming business, Disney+.\nLisa Marie Presley, daughter of Elvis, has died at the age of 54\nSinger Lisa Marie Presley, the only daughter of the \u201cKing of Rock and Roll\u201d Elvis Presley, died Thursday at the age of 54, her mother said, after being transferred to a Los Angeles hospital. \u201cIt is with a heavy heart that I must share the devastating news that my beautiful daughter, Lisa Marie, has left us,\u201d her mother, Priscilla Presley, said in a statement.\n(With agency input).\nthe notes of Costa Ricans after the defeat against Grenoble (4-2)\nCunard Cruise Line Celebrates 100 Years Of Sailing Around The World With \u2018Sea View\u2019 Exhibition\nStray Kids confirmed Lollapalooza Paris headline alongside Kendrick...\nOversized animal art brought Chanel\u2019s glamorous couture show...\nFrench director Chloe Mazlou in the skies of...\nKylie Jenner wears a fake lion head at...\nThe Mumbai atelier is the secret workshop for...\nThe French paid homage to Boney Kapoor\u2019s \u201cThunivu\u201d...\nRossville baker, 10, stuns on \u2018Good Morning America\u2019...\nGamers Leak F-16 and AIM-120 missile details in...\nAgassiz\u2019s Cheat Vista concerts start on February 13th\nFinancial Results | Year All LVMH Records and Bernard Arnault", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line344387"}
{"pred_label": "__label__cc", "pred_label_prob": 0.6346349120140076, "wiki_prob": 0.36536508798599243, "text": "Tuna Salad Theater\nA few years ago the New York Times had a test you could take and the point was they'd be able to tell you within some impressively small mile-radius just where you were from. The battle lines were really drawn on words like water fountain, which some people ridiculously call bubblers, traffic circles known to some as roundabouts, which, if anyone has spent as much time as I have trying to navigate DC traffic circles, they'd know they couldn't possibly be called something as charming as \"roundabout.\" Lollipops are apparently also called suckers by some strange geographic groups. And of course there's the great soda debate. When I arrived at college I had a midwestern roommate and a southern one, and it was then that I learned that the central Ohioan called all brands of bubbly beverages, sweetened or not, caffeinated or citrusy, \"pop,\" which actually made a kind of sense to me even though it was wrong. But my North Carolinian roommate claimed it all as Coke. Even Pepsi is Coke! The expectation when ordering at a restaurant was to request a \"Coke\" and then be asked what kind--Sprite, diet, root beer, and so on.\nAbsolutely ridiculous.\nAnd now, all these years later, I find myself baffled by a different kind of puzzle having to do with the word theater, which my husband inexplicably pronounces \"THEE-der\" and my son, doubly inexplicably, pronounces \"the-AY-der.\" My husband was born in St. Louis and grew up in Providence and his parents pronounce the word theater as I do, which is to say, correctly. And my son was born in Brooklyn and is growing up in Washington DC. So you can see why it's all very confusing to me since he says basically every single other word as I do. This is not, as some mispronunciations are, an issue of a speech impediment or childlike pronunciation, with which I am familiar.\nMy seven-year-old does a wonderful thing with her R's. At first she couldn't say them at all really, and they came out as W's, which I know is common. Her R's then transitioned briefly to a kind of Hebrew \"resh\" sound, and now there's something else happening, a kind of folding in of the sound, which is the only way I can really put it, and I absolutely love it because it's like her own sound, her own language, which is not the same thing as an inexplicable mispronunciation. And I know that some day she will be taught to fix this, and that some parents might already have gotten it taken care of, but we haven't yet seen a need. It's not that we are encouraging childish mispronunciations--except when we are, as is the case in our home with blueberries (bupahdees) and cucumbers (cucaboos and cumayas, both), because there is something so utterly charming to parents about the ways in which our children hear words, bring them into their heads and then back out of their mouths with different sounds, and in this case I simply cannot let go of the two-year-old pronunciations. But we're also not telling our children they're wrong, even in the case of the mysterious theater, because, it seems to me, as a parent I spend so very much of my time correcting, either gently, or not-so-gently.\nAnd maybe it would be nicer to think of all of this correcting as guiding. Is it not, after all, our job as parents to guide these little beings we created? To mold them in the image we believe is best, the one that will lead them to live lives of goodness and meaning and service, to help them to be good citizens, mensches in their communities, and maybe even to pronounce words correctly, or at least within the New York Times realm of their regional dialects?\nThis was easier when all we were trying to teach our children was to not eat bandaids found in the playground sandbox, or not to bite other kids when they're taking too long with the play-doh. But now that my children are older--old enough, even, to notice the very many ways and styles in which other families - other parents - are doing it, are raising their children, guiding them, correcting them--this has become infinitely harder because not only are we still eking out this path for them, sometimes (okay, most of the time) as we go along and as they age, we are now also eking it out while being asked WHY we are doing it the way we are, as opposed to, say, the ways other families are, and we are being asked this by our five-, seven-, and nine- year olds whose intellectual sophistication seems to fluctuate by the minute. So my husband and I are trying to teach our children that, for now, they have no choice but to do the things the way our family does them because we think our ways are best, while at the same time attempting diplomacy on the part of their friends' families' ways, which has led me to be the kind of desperately unlikable person who says things like \"well, in our family we only have one dessert after lunch and that's just the way it is.\"\nSo yes, for those of us who aren't struggling to meet our childrens' most basic physical needs, who are downright lucky enough to be able to spend time thinking about all of this stuff, there are different ways to do it, to love children and give them the platform they need to become all the things we hope for them. Heck, there are different ways to do this within a family according to each child's needs and personality! And we're all just stumbling along, hoping what we want for them is right, praying that the path we're laying for them will guide them there and that they'll learn how to continue on it someday without us. There is no one right way.\nExcept, obviously, when it comes to pronouncing the word theater. All of which, of course, brings me to tuna salad.\nThere are many ways to make tuna salad. Many of them are passable, and some of them are even quite good, but there is actually only one fully right way to make it, which is the way my mother made it, and all of the other ways are just inferior. No judgment here, just truth.\nTo make the right kind of tuna salad first you have to buy cans of tuna in water. Bumblebee is best because that's what my mom always bought. You have to squeeze out the excess water before dumping the fish into a bowl. This step is kind of gross but absolutely can't be avoided. Next you have to chop celery into small pieces. Not too small, though. Half an arch should do, and if you don't know what I mean about that I'm sorry. The celery goes in the bowl with the tuna. Now add the juice of a lemon, or two, depending on the size and juiciness of the lemon, as well as so very much mayonnaise (Hellman's is best here) you have to close your eyes while you're spooning it or squeezing it in. Then comes salt and pepper--more grinds of pepper than you think you need. Mix it all really well and taste it and see if you need more mayo. You do.\nKeep it in a sealed container in the fridge and use it for a tuna melt on a bagel. When it's Passover, eat it on matzah. When it's not Passover, eat it on everything else, like toast or pita chips or tortilla chips or crackers.\nYou'll probably make it again soon.\nSometimes it's okay for there to be just one right way to do things.\nSometimes it's easier that way.", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line700619"}
{"pred_label": "__label__cc", "pred_label_prob": 0.6842706203460693, "wiki_prob": 0.31572937965393066, "text": "Hans Prinzhorn: Artistry of the Mentally Ill 1922\nHans Prinzhorn was a psychiatrist and art historian who had worked with Emil Kraepelin at the University of Heidleberg on a collection of art by mentally disturbed patients. By 1921, when Prinzhorn left Heidleberg, this collection had grown to include over 5000 works by about 350 patients. Prinzhorn\u2019s 1922 book Artistry of the Mentally Ill (profusely illustrated with images from the Heidelberg collection), was the first attempt to analyse this type of art, that subsequently became known as \u2018Outsider Art\u2019. Prinzhorn was interested in the borderline between psychiatry and art, mental illness and self-expression, and his work became very influential among artists, especially the Expressionists and Surrealists, with their interest in self expression and in visualising the working of the unconscious mind.\nAs most serious artists and designers are interested in the act of perception and cognition \u2013 the way we transmute the visual and other sensual input from the outside world into mental images \u2013 and how we then illustrate these images and evoke them with works of art, Prinzhorn\u2019s book stands out as the first major study to analyse these issues. Of course we know much more now of the workings of the brain, and have begun to develop coherent theories of the Mind (see for example Marvin Minsky\u2019s Society of Mind, and Daniel Dennet\u2019s Consciousness Explained), but the issues addressed by Prinzhorn are still central to these developments. \u2018Outsider Art\u2019 is the label now used to describe the art of the mentally ill, the \u2018naive\u2019 work of untrained \u2018folk artists\u2019, the work of so-called primitive tribes and other similar artefacts, and remains a source of inspiration for artists, nor merely in the radically unconventional images that are produced by \u2018outsiders\u2019 but as evidence of these process of perception, cognition and expression that are central to all our experiences of art and design.\nOther good books on this subject: Steven Rose: From Brains to Consciousness, Igor Aleksander: How to Build a Mind, and Margaret Boden: The Creative Mind.\nPosted on June 2, 2014 June 2, 2014 Author bobcottonFormat ImageTags 1922, Art, book, Hans Prinzhorn, Mentally Ill 1 Comment", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1344195"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.6657766699790955, "wiki_prob": 0.6657766699790955, "text": "SEC Ordered to Turn Over Documents in Ripple Litigation\nPavan A Follow\nUnited States District Court Judge Analisa Torres denied the SEC's second request for withholding documents about former Division Director William Hinman's speech.\nIn its legal battle with the SEC, the order marks a significant win for Ripple, since the story behind the speech may be able to undermine the SEC's core arguments. Hinman's speech at Yahoo Finance All Markets Summit in June 2018 is mainly reflected in the documents.\nA court decision overturned the plaintiff's claim of attorney-client privilege by finding that the internal speech documents contain communications that primarily involve interpreting and applying legal principles.\nAccording to the SEC, Ripple Labs' cryptocurrency, XRP, is secure because, in 2013, the company used it to raise funds. The SEC filed a lawsuit against the company and its current CEO, Brad Garlinghouse, and its previous CEO, Chris Larsen in December 2020.\nAccording to Hinman, Ether, along with Bitcoin, is not a security, as he stated in his speech. Ripple is also facing a lawsuit by the SEC over whether the company sold XRP illegally years ago.?\nInitially, it looked like Ripple was going downhill, and the company has engaged in a variety of defensive strategies to combat the charges. Ripple Labs and the Securities and Exchange Commission filed motions both on Sept. 17 in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York for summary judgment.??\n#SEC #Ripple #XRP\nPavan A", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line126351"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.7979874014854431, "wiki_prob": 0.7979874014854431, "text": "Articles / Iconography\nDr. Constantine Cavarnos\nPhotios Kontoglou: The Greatest Icon Painter of 20th Century Greece\nPhotios Kontoglou, the greatest icon painter of modern Greece and one of her most important theologians and literary writers, died in Athens on July 13, 1965. His death, during surgury, passed almost entirely unnoticed in America, even among Greek-Americans, but he was deeply mourned throughout Greece.\nI was in Greece when he died and had the good fortune of seeing and talking with this great and holy man just five days before his \u201cfalling asleep.\u201d The editor of an Athenian religious monthly asked me to write an obituary . . . I have undertaken to write this brief biography.\nPhotios Kontoglou was born on November 8, 1895, at Kydoniai (Aivali), on the west coast of Asia Minor, across from Mytilene. Kydoniai was a city consisting of about 30,000 Greeks and three persons\u2014the district governor, the judge, and the tax collector\u2014who were Turks.\nKontoglou came from a devout family, which had its own chapel containing precious articles including a carved ancient crucifix and a large panel icon depicting Saint Paraskevi. Many of his ancestors were monks, and an uncle, Stephanos Kontoglou, was abbot of the Monastery of Saint Paraskevi near Kydoniai. Stephanos was an important influence in Photios\u2019s life. In his book Vasanta (1923), Kontoglou dedicates the chapter of translations from the Psalms of David \u201cto the austere soul of the Hieromonk Stephanos Kontoglou, my uncle, whose virtue I perpetually have before me as a model and rule.\u201d\nThe young Kontoglou was extremely fond of the sea, sailing, and the solitude of the deserted neighboring islets. He liked to live alone, like Robinson Crusoe. Daniel Defoe\u2019s hero fascinated Kontoglou; he mentions him in many of his writings.\nAfter graduating from the famous Academy of Gymnasium of Kydoniai, Kontoglou spent several years in Europe, especially in France, studying art and acquiring painting techniques. He lived in Paris during the First World War, where he first gained attention, winning prizes for his paintings and his writings. His first book, a novel entitled Pedro Cazas, was written and published there in 1919.\nAfter the armistice, Kontoglou returned to Kydoniai. In 1920 he wrote a remarkable prologue for the second edition of Pedro Cazas which was published in Athens in 1922. In this prologue he set forth some of the basic ideas by which he abided ever after.\nPersecuted by the Turks, he and his family went to Thermi, Mytilene, in 1922. Later he resided in Athens, but always lived on the outskirts, as he disliked the distractions of cities. When the Kontoglou family left Kydoniai, they took only the sacred articles mentioned above and a few Church books. These were his most cherished possessions. After his death his wife, Maria, fulfilling his wish, gave them to the Monastery of Saint Paraskevi at Nea Makri in Attica.\nIn Athens Kontoglou soon became well-known in literary circles as a result of his highly-praised book, Pedro Cazas. His reputation as a writer grew with the appearance of two additional books: Vasanta (a Sanskrit word meaning \u201cspringtime\u201d) in 1923, and Taxidia (\u201cTravels\u201d) in 1928, and the literary and art periodical Filikh Etairia (\u201cFriendly Society\u201d) which he founded in 1925. Within a few years, Kontoglou had won an enviable place in the Greek world of letters, admired for his style\u2014which is characterized by clarity, simplicity, vigor and warmth\u2014as well as his remarkable observations and profound thoughts.\nAs a painter, Kontoglou was slow in winning recognition. He had to overcome difficult obstacles. After leaving Europe, he became increasingly impressed by the Byzantine traditions of painting and decided to master this style of painting. But he had to become his own teacher and learn the secrets of Byzantine art. He did this by reading old manuscripts and visiting Byzantine monuments, patiently studying the works of the old masters.\nFurther, Kontoglou had to overcome strong prejudice on the part of the public against Byzantine art. Having won their liberation from the Turks, the Greeks began to turn the West for prototypes in art, especially the adoption of European (particularly Italian Renaissance) models and techniques. According to the European view at that time, Byzantine civilization was a lower civilization, not worthy of serious study, and Byzantine art especially was lower, almost barbaric art. Kontoglou succeeded magnificently in overcoming both obstacles, but it took time.\nThe first obstacle was by far easier to overcome. He learned his most important lessons about Byzantine art at the Holy Mountain of Athos and at Mystra. It is significant that while at Athos, he wrote several chapters, the preface and profound concluding chapter on the fine arts of his second book, Vasanta. It was also at Athos that one of his three poems in this book was inspired by a Byzantine painting in a very old chapel there. His debt to Athos in his development as an iconographer is evinced by a volume published in 1925 containing photographs of copies, executed by him, of Byzantine frescoes at Athos; and also by the illustrations in two issues of Filikh Etairia that year showing panel icons of the Monastery of Iviron rendered by him.\nKontoglou visited Mystra not long after. He made copies of some of the wall paintings in the Byzantine churches at Mystra. He later worked there for a long time cleaning wall paintings in the Church of Peribleptos.\nComparing Byzantine and European religious art, Kontoglou says in his book Taxidia, \u201cIn the countries of Europe there are churches with paintings that are famous for their artistic merit; yet they do not have the mystery and the power of evoking contrition (katanyxis) possessed by the icons that were done by some unlettered and simple Byzantine painters.\u201d\nAround 1930, Kontoglou was appointed technical supervisor at the Byzantine Museum in Athens. He possessed both great love for the works in the museum, and technical knowledge for cleaning and preserving them.\nIn 1932, Kontoglou published a slender volume entitled Icones et Fresques d\u2019Art Byzantine, with twenty plates of Byzantine panel icons and frescoes he copied. He continued to paint panel icons during this period.\nDuring the later thirties, Kontoglou decorated three large rooms of the City Hall of Athens with historical frescoes. This was his first large scale work as a fresco painter, and his only extensive secular one. His next major achievement as a fresco painter was the iconographic decoration of the large Church Zoodochos Peghi at Liopesi (Paiania), a town near Athens. He began the work in 1939, but could not resume it until after the Second World War. When I met Kontoglou in 1952, he showed me the beautiful Byzantine murals he had painted at Liopesi.\nKontoglou wrote at least eight books between 1942 and 1945, during the war. Most are rather short. The longest and important is Mystikos Kepos (\u201cMystical Garden\u201d) in 1944. His chapters on Piety (Theosveia) and Saint Isaac the Syrian are masterpieces, full of deep religious feeling. He speaks of other remarkable ascetics of Syria and Mesopotamia, and stresses the virtues of faith, humility and purity.\nThe most fruitful period for Kontoglou, as both painter and writer, was the last twenty years of his life. Assisted by several of his talented pupils, he painted numerous panel icons in churches in many parts of Greece, as well as in the United States and other countries, and many thousands of square yards of wall paintings. After the church at Liopesi, mentioned above, Kontoglou frescoed the entire interior of the Church of Saint Andrew off Patission Street at Athens. He did wall paintings for the new Metropolitan Church of Evangelismos in Rhodes and the Church of Saint George at Stemnitsa, Arcadia. Finally, he decorated with fresco icons the eastern apse, central dome, pendentives and barrel vaults below the dome, and other surfaces of the following Athenian churches: Kapnikarea, Saint George at Kypseli, Saint Haralambos in the park Pedion tou Areos, Saint Nicholas at Kato Patissia, and others.\nThrough these works, through the training of many gifted young artists in the techniques of Byzantine iconography, and through his long, luminous and spirited defense of Byzantine art which culminated in 1961 in the monumental two-volume work entitled Ekphrasis (\u201cExpression\u201d) in which he teaches the theory and practice of Byzantine iconography, Kontoglou succeeded in making this art prevail in Greece. His influence spread to America, where many churches have been decorated with panel icons, frescoes and mosaics by his pupils.\nDuring the same period, he wrote such edifying books as A Great Sign (1945), with accounts of many extraordinary recent miracles at Thermi, Mytilene; The Life and Conduct of Blaise Pascal (1947); The Life and Ascesis of Our Holy Father Saint Mark the Anchorite (1947, translated in The Orthodox Word, no. 1, Sept.-Oct., 1966, with illustrations by Kontoglou); Fount of Life (1951), presenting brief descriptions of the lives and selections from the teachings of some of the great Saints of the Orthodox Church; The Holy Gospel According to Matthew, Interpreted (1952); Expression (1961); and What Orthodoxy Is and What Papism Is (1964). Kontoglou also translated into Greek Leonid Ouspensky\u2019s L\u2019Icone: Quelques Mots sur son Sens Dogmatique, and published it with a preface and notes of his own. Together with the young theologian Basil Moustakis, Kontoglou founded and edited Kivotos (1952\u20131955), a religious periodical concerned especially with Orthodox spirituality.\nKontoglou contributed many articles to various other periodicals and encyclopedias. His articles in the Athenian daily Elephtheria are so numerous that they would fill several volumes. Many of them are among the most profound written by a Greek. Most are concerned with religious themes, such as faith and reason, religion and philosophy, religious versus secular art, Byzantine iconography and music, the lives of Martyrs and other Saints, and so on.\nKontoglou won the Academy of Athens Prize for his book Ekphrasis, in 1961, and the Purfina Prize for his book Aivali; My Native Place, in 1963. The latter is the first volume of his Erga (\u201cWorks\u201d) which began to be published by Astir Publishing Company at Athens in 1962.\nIn recognition of his great achievements as an author, the Academy of Athens, the highest cultural institution in Greece, awarded him on March 24, 1965, its Aristeion Grammaton, its highest prize in letters.\nKontoglou also carried on an enormous correspondence. He once told me that he wrote about fifty letters a month, corresponding not only with Greeks, but also Americans, Finns, Frenchmen, Germans, Russians, Ugandans and others. He had countless friends and admirers throughout the world who sought his guidance on iconography, and on Orthodox doctrine and living.\nIn Kontoglou\u2019s writings, we encounter a man who has unshakable religious faith, free from all skepticism and metaphysical anguish. We encounter a man who is steeped in the Holy Scriptures and writings of the Eastern Church Fathers, particularly the great mystics such as Saint Macarios the Egyptian, Saint John Climacos, Saint Isaac the Syrian, Saint Symeon the New Theologian, and Saint Gregory the Sinaite. We find a man who has the profoundest respect for the Sacred Tradition of Eastern Orthodoxy, including all its dogmas, canons and sacred arts (architecture, iconography, music), tolerating no deviations. Orthodoxy was for him the sacred Kivotos, the sacred Ark, and these its precious contents, which must be carefully guarded and not cast away, or exchanged for counterfeits.\nKontoglou was strongly opposed to the participation of Orthodoxy in \u201cecumenism,\u201d seeing in such participation the dangers of compromise on matters which admit of no compromise. He was especially critical of the maneuvers of Patriarch Athenagoras, in whom he saw an apostate . . . a betrayer of Greece and Orthodoxy. In his last book, entitled Ti Einai he Orthodoxia kai ti Einai ho Papismos (\u201cWhat Orthodoxy Is and What Papsim Is\u201d) Kontoglou stressed the abyss that separates Orthodoxy from Roman Catholicism, which renders utterly absurd Athenagoras\u2019s assertions that there are no real differences between the two.\nKontoglou was a man of adamantine Orthodox faith and impeccable character, adorned with the virtues of great humility, long-suffering, courage, wisdom, purity, hope and love. He was a devout man, a holy man, a man of God. All that he did bears the impress of these qualities.\nAs during his life, so at his death, it was evident that Kontoglou was free from worldly attachments, a citizen of the City of God, not of the earthly city, whose glory is temporary and whose power is doomed to pass away. He died poor, ignored by the State. His body was not accompanied to the grave by any State dignitaries, but only by friends and admirers, who loved him deeply.\nThis article was originally published by the Monastery of St. John, www.monasteryofstjohn.org, in The Divine Ascent Vol. 3/4. This and other publications can be found on their bookstore website, www.stjohnsbookstore.com. This article was posted here with permission.", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line379929"}
{"pred_label": "__label__cc", "pred_label_prob": 0.5187813639640808, "wiki_prob": 0.4812186360359192, "text": "Secure 2.0 Act - Major Changes to Retirement Planning & RMDs\nSeason #2 January 18, 2023\nIn today's episode, we dive into the newly passed Secure 2.0 Act and its impact on retirement calculations, from changes to contribution limits, RMDs, and new rules for 401k. This legislation has the potential to shake up the way we plan for retirement. So join us as we break down the details and help you understand how the Secure 2.0 ACT might affect your retirement.\nSecure Act 2.0 Increases RMD Age Requirement to 73 and 75 in 2023 and 2033\nThe Secure Act 2.0, which was recently passed, includes changes to the age at which individuals are required to take distributions from their retirement accounts, also known as Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs). Historically, the age at which RMDs were required was 70 and a half, but the original Secure Act raised that age to 72.\nThe latest version of the Secure Act, however, has made another change to the RMD age requirement. Starting in 2023, individuals will not be required to take RMDs until age 73. In 2033, the age requirement will increase further to 75.\nMany financial experts have been discussing the possibility of this change for some time, and it is seen as a positive development for investors. This change allows for individuals to keep their retirement savings invested for longer and potentially grow their nest egg.\nHowever, it is important to note that the 2033 implementation date for the age 75 RMD requirement means that some retirees will miss out on this change and may be required to take early RMDs. Despite this, the change to the RMD age requirement is still seen as a win for investors as it changes the considerations and planning for retirement. Additionally, the Secure Act includes other changes that will impact retirement planning.\nWhat is a Required Minimum Distribution or RMD?\nFor those who may not be familiar with the term, a Required Minimum Distribution (RMD) is a requirement set by Congress for individuals to withdraw a certain amount of money from their retirement accounts. The purpose of this requirement is to prevent individuals from using their retirement accounts as a personal piggy bank and to ensure that taxes are paid on the money in these accounts.\nRMDs are required for a variety of retirement accounts, including 401ks, traditional IRAs, and even some annuities. The amount that must be withdrawn is determined by the IRS and increases over time. The purpose of RMDs is to make sure that the money in these accounts is eventually depleted, and taxes are paid on the withdrawals.\nHowever, this requirement can be a burden on retirees. For example, if an individual only needs to withdraw $20,000 or $30,000 a year to supplement their income, but the IRS requires them to withdraw a much larger amount, it can bump them up into a higher tax bracket and affect their other sources of income such as social security.\nThe Secure Act 2.0 has made changes to the RMD age requirement, allowing individuals to delay taking RMDs until age 73 in 2023 and age 75 in 2033. This change is seen as a positive development for investors as it allows them to keep their retirement savings invested for longer. However, some financial experts advocate for abolishing RMDs entirely as they can deplete retirement savings and bump retirees into higher tax brackets. As financial planners, retirees, and investors, it is important to be aware of these requirements and take steps to protect our retirement savings from unnecessary depletion.\nWays to Mitigate The Tax Burden of RMDs\nWhile the changes to RMDs in the Secure Act 2.0 are positive for retirees, the question of whether or not the genie can be put back in the bottle remains. However, there are strategies that can be employed to help mitigate the tax burden in retirement and control the income that is received during retirement.\nOne key strategy is to be strategic about where income is received from in retirement. This may mean deferring social security benefits or taking them earlier and using retirement accounts to supplement that income. By controlling the income that is received during the years leading up to RMDs, individuals can offset it with credits, deductions, or exclusions on their tax return.\nAnother important change in the Secure Act 2.0 is the decrease in the penalty for not taking RMDs. The penalty has been reduced from 50% to 25%, which changes the calculus for retirees. It may now make more sense for some individuals to not take an RMD in a given year if it results in a lower tax bill. Additionally, the penalty for correcting a missed RMD has been reduced to 10%, making it easier for individuals to fix any mistakes they may have made.\nIt is important to note that the IRS has yet to release the rules for these changes, so it is crucial for individuals to stay informed and consult with a financial advisor to determine the best course of action for their retirement planning. It is also worth noting that a lot of the software and online tools available for retirement planning are not yet updated to reflect these new rules and regulations, which may significantly change the assumptions and plans these tools provide.\nContribution Limits Get a Boost\nThe Secure Act 2.0 also includes an increase in catch-up contributions for certain types of retirement accounts in 2025. This change is in line with recent updates to the tax code, which have been inflation-adjusted to better reflect the needs of individuals and to keep pace with the cost of living.\nHistorically, tax brackets and contribution limits were fixed dollar amounts and were not updated frequently enough to keep pace with inflation. This made it difficult for individuals to save enough for retirement and for catch-up contributions to be meaningful.\nThe Secure Act 2.0 addresses this issue by updating the contribution numbers and making them inflation-adjusted. This means that Congress will not need to pass a law every year or every time to update these numbers, and they will automatically reflect reality and people's needs. Additionally, this change transfers control of these updates to the IRS, which is generally more favorable to individuals saving for retirement.\nOverall, the Secure Act 2.0's increase in catch-up contributions, along with the other changes it made, is a positive development for individuals saving for retirement and it shows a shift towards retirement planning and tax code that is more beneficial for individuals and less controlled by Congress.\nFor those looking for more information on the Secure Act 2.0 and its impact on retirement planning, there are several resources available.\nOne resource is this article that I have written on the Secure Act 2.0, which provides more detail on the changes and their impact on retirement planning. Additionally, I will be offering webinars and more articles in the coming weeks that delve deeper into the different areas of the Secure Act 2.0 and how they impact retirement planning.\nI am also working on a tool to help individuals with social security and retirement planning in the context of the Secure Act 2.0. This tool will help individuals stress test their retirement plans and make informed decisions in light of the changes.\nFidelity also has a really great article that you can check out here: https://www.fidelity.com/learning-center/personal-finance/secure-act-2\nSignup For The Course\nDon't let taxes take a big chunk out of your retirement savings. Learn the 3 key strategies for reducing your taxes in retirement with our mini-course, \"How to Pay Zero Taxes in Retirement.\" Taught by Leibel Sternbach, a retirement specialist and Enrolled Agent with the IRS, this in-depth class will teach you how to keep more of what you earn and leverage the tax code to your advantage.\nSign up now to start saving on taxes and maximizing your retirement income. Use the link below to get started.\n>> Signup For The \"How to Pay Zero In Taxes in Retirement\" Course", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1317713"}
{"pred_label": "__label__cc", "pred_label_prob": 0.7155593633651733, "wiki_prob": 0.28444063663482666, "text": "Researchers collaborate to improve urban infrastructure resilience\nby utsaengineer / Thursday, 23 January 2020 / Published in Civil and Environmental Engineering, COE Announcements, Electrical & Computer Announcements, Electrical and Computer Engineering, General, News, UTSA COE\nJANUARY 23, 2020 \u2014 Data shows that 82% of the U.S. population lives in urban areas, and it is projected that the percentage will increase to 90% by 2050. The size of the populations in urban centers is creating demands that overwhelm the capacity of infrastructures, particularly in times of distress.\nResearchers at UTSA are working to remedy this problem. Through a $100,000 planning grant from the National Science Foundation, a team of researchers with expertise in engineering, computing, infrastructures, cyber-physical systems, political science, public policy and STEM education is leading the creation of the Engineering Research Center for Sustainable Urban Communities.\nThe Engineering Research Center for Sustainable Urban Communities will develop transforming technologies for one of the most important societal problems we currently face: engineering critical infrastructures of large population centers to achieve sustainable growth while improving equity and well-being of residents.\nTo achieve this mission, the center will develop the underlying science for a distributed sensor and data science framework to assist authorities and the private sector as they make decisions that yield the most benefit to urban residents.\nThe center will enable research and technology to improve urban infrastructure resilience. The proposed research will support superior real-time data processing, storage and dissemination to accelerate processing of large data sets in digital communities. Data analytics, machine learning and artificial intelligence experts will advance fundamental knowledge in their collective domains. Computing researchers will have access to the complete data flow chain and be able to study networking weaknesses against cyberattacks.\nThe networking will include narrowband and broadband wireless and wired data communication, networking with traditional and emerging sensor cloud environments, and various interfaces.\nResearchers will develop critical infrastructure management and health informatics applications capable of exploring interdependences between these domains. Infrastructure researchers will leverage these advances to study efficiency and resilience of urban infrastructures during normal operating conditions and during different types of disruptions, such as hurricanes, floods and chemical spills using real-time data.\n\u201cUTSA is uniquely positioned to lead research advances in this area through an existing foundation of strategic initiatives and research centers on sustainability, climate science, water resources, data science, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence and energy,\u201d said Adolfo Matamoros, a Peter T. Flawn Distinguished Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at UTSA. \u201cThese strategic initiatives have been developed in close collaboration with partners from industry, the City of San Antonio, federal agencies, research institutes and the U.S. military. The Engineering Research Center for Sustainable Urban Communities will build on this foundation to advance smart city science and technology development and expand to include workforce development.\u201d\nThrough this planning grant, a diverse group of stakeholders will join forces to develop consensus on advances in science and engineering needed to achieve sustainable growth of urban ecosystems through convergent research. The outcomes of the planning will provide a roadmap to guide future research efforts and foster new collaboration not previously considered.\nTwo stakeholder workshops will be held to develop a vision, goals and research plan that reflect the concerns and priorities of the San Antonio community. The first will be held on Friday, Jan. 24 from 7:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. in the John Peace Library, Faculty Center (JPL 4.04.16) on the Main Campus. A second stakeholder workshop will be held in April.\n\u2014 Julie Paulson", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line223057"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.8109353184700012, "wiki_prob": 0.8109353184700012, "text": "Tag Archives: Gradus\nNeal Kosaly-Meyer: Playing the Piano One Note at a Time\nPosted on July 12, 2018 by maestrobeats\nby Gabriela Tedeschi\nNeal Kosaly-Meyer performing Gradus at NUMUS Northwest. Photo by James Holt.\nNeal Kosaly-Meyer plays the piano one note at a time. Or at least, that\u2019s the idea behind his ongoing performance series Gradus: For Fux, Tesla and Milo the Wrestler. He devotes an extended improvisation (20 minutes or longer) to each individual note on the piano, and to as many combinations of notes as possible.\nThis Saturday at the Chapel Performance Space he will perform one installment of the series: 40 minutes on one note (C sharp to be specific), 20 minutes on five notes in multiple octaves, and 60 minutes on two notes. Extended periods of silence are incorporated into all three sections. Kosaly-Meyer flips a coin to determine the number of notes per movement, how long the movements will be, and how much silence will be interspersed in each movement.\nThe idea for Gradus presented itself to Kosaly-Meyer over 30 years ago while he was a graduate student in the School of Music at the University of Washington. He had been thinking a lot about John Cage and how composers could follow in his footsteps by challenging preconceived notions of what music could be.\n\u201cIt\u2019s hard to find the frontier after a composer like Cage, who went right out to the edge of so many frontiers,\u201d Kosaly-Meyer said. \u201cThis thought, learn to play the piano one note at a time, was kind of a thread to be able to push to do music that felt like it was on an edge, that felt like there was a risk being taken.\u201d\nStill, it wasn\u2019t until he moved to San Diego with his wife and was able to play on a grand piano at a church he attended that he began to really explore the idea. Kosaly-Meyer believes performing on a grand piano is pivotal to Gradus.\n\u201cIt\u2019s not something you could do on an electronic keyboard or even an upright piano,\u201d Kosaly-Meyer said. \u201cI think to do something where you actually have enough sound, enough reverberation for a project like this to be interesting requires a grand piano.\u201d\nHe began with 40 minutes improvising on the lowest A on the piano, and then began using combinations of As. Implicit in the idea of learning to play the piano one note at a time was the idea of learning to play differently by finding artistry in each sound. With attack, duration, dynamics, and intricate pedaling techniques, Kosaly-Meyer developed the ability to make a wide assortment of sounds using just one A.\nHis work temporarily came to a halt when he moved again and no longer had access to a grand piano. But years later, in 2001, his friend Keith Eisenbrey helped solve that problem.\nKosaly-Meyer met Eisenbrey while taking composition courses at the UW. They had done a lot of improvisation work together, and Kosaly-Meyer was able to develop the Gradus project and other works by bouncing ideas off of Eisenbrey. They became family when Eisenbrey married Kosaly-Meyer\u2019s sister Karen, and in 2001 Kosaly-Meyer was able to continue with Gradus by rehearsing on Eisenbrey\u2019s grand piano.\nWhen he began sharing Gradus, it was positive feedback from Eisenbrey and other composers that emboldened Kosaly-Meyer to move forward with this musical venture. He began his annual performance series in 2002 in Seattle.\nKosaly-Meyer determined that Gradus works best with a two-hour, three-part structure that allows him to separate what he sees as three distinct ways of making music.\n\u201cI had come to a conclusion after working on this a little bit that playing with one note is a particular kind of making music, playing with two notes is another kind of making music that\u2019s very different than just playing with one, and that playing with 3 or more notes is very different than playing with two,\u201d he said.\nDrawing inspiration from Cage, Kosaly-Meyer chose to incorporate silence\u2014which really means all unintended ambient sounds\u2014as an equal partner in the performance. If weather permits, Kosaly-Meyer leaves the windows open at the Chapel, allowing highway noise, barking dogs, and audiences\u2019 creaking benches and coughs to form a chorus that supports his playing.\n\u201cI always found in improvising that music happened much more organically with an ensemble. Even if it was just an ensemble of two, it was so much easier for something musical to happen,\u201d Kosaly-Meyer said. \u201cGradus is really the first kind of solo improvisation project I find that can stay musical and I think the trick is that it\u2019s not really a solo project.\u201d\nThis particular performance is dedicated to the late jazz pianist Cecil Taylor, who displayed incredible control over each and every note he played, no matter how intricate the performance. Kosaly-Meyer was also interested in exploring the interplay between the ideas of Taylor and Cage, who were at odds during their lifetimes because of Cage\u2019s aversion to jazz and improvisation. Gradus combines Taylor\u2019s spontaneity with Cage\u2019s interest in silence as an equal partner.\n\u201cOne thing that\u2019s going on in Gradus is an attempt to harmonize a Cage way of thinking with a Cecil Taylor way of thinking,\u201d Kosaly-Meyer said.\nNeal Kosaly-Meyer presents Gradus: For Fux, Tesla and Milo the Wrestler this Saturday, July 14 at 8pm at the Chapel Performance Space at the Good Shepherd Center. For more information, click here.\nPosted in Concerts, Events, Q & A, West Coast | Tagged and Milo the Wrestler, avant-garde, Cecil Taylor, chapel performance space, contemporary classical, Gradus, Gradus: For Fux, john cage, Neal Kosaly-Meyer, new music, piano, Tesla, wayward music series | Leave a reply", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1904056"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.959930419921875, "wiki_prob": 0.959930419921875, "text": "Gallery Openings and Events\nPyramid Atlantic Art Center Presents Imar Hutchins INHERITANCE\nBy Editorial Team on September 4, 2019\nFri, 06 September 2019 - Sun, 06 October 2019\nImar Hutchins, Banna-Ka [Benjamin Banneker], Acrylic and Collage on Canvas 2019. Courtesy of Pyramid Atlantic Art Center.\nOpening Reception: Friday, September 6 from 6:30pm to 9pm\nArtist Talk: Friday, September 13 from 7pm to 8:30pm\nArtist Imar Hutchins exhibits six of his larger-than-life portrait collages in INHERITANCE. Each work measures 6 feet tall and 4.5 feet wide with subjects ranging from the artist\u2019s mother to the late musician, Prince. The works combine screenprinting, collage, and painting, resulting in intensely detailed and colorful depictions of these figures: some iconic in pop culture and some iconic to the artist himself.\nINHERITANCE is curated by Zoma Wallace and runs September 6 through October 6, 2019. An artist talk will take place on Friday, September 13 from 7 \u2013 8:30 pm.\n\u201cAll inheritance is not financial. All inheritance is not physical. And we can inherit from people who are not our direct ancestors. I would challenge people to think more broadly about inheritance. People, like the ones I depict, all have things to give us if we can receive them. They have lessons to teach us, but we need to be open to receiving that inheritance,\u201d remarks Hutchins.\nMuch of Hutchins\u2019 work is commission-based with a specified subject. However, Hutchins is selective about who he tackles. \u201cI won\u2019t do anyone\u2019s portrait unless they are intergalactic\u2026vibrating on a high frequency with something to share with us, with the world.\u201d Once the figure is chosen, Hutchins begins researching his subject, which can take up to a year. \u201cI need to be able to add something to the conversation, especially for someone who has been depicted a lot. What is it that people are missing about this person?\u201d\nHutchins does everything himself when making a work, including milling the wood for his frames. The entire piece is imbued with intentionality from the beginning. \u201cI want to be responsible for the whole thing. People feel it, whether it\u2019s conscious or subconscious. You can tell when someone has put a lot of love in something.\u201d\nINHERITANCE is a rare opportunity to see multiple pieces by Hutchins in a single space. The exhibition will travel to the Muhammad Ali Center in Louisville, Kentucky before all the works move on to their patrons, including private collectors and public institutions\u2014such as the University of Kentucky, which commissioned a portrait of Hutchins\u2019 grandfather who brought about the University\u2019s integration 70years ago. Upon close inspection, viewers see that Hutchins has reproduced and collaged the hate mail sent to his grandfather in this piece, turning many small works of hate into one large work of love.\nIn addition to the large-scale canvases, Hutchins has created a limited edition screenprint based on his James Baldwin collage that will also be on view and available for sale at Pyramid. The Baldwin print is in honor of what would have been Baldwin\u2019s 95th birthday this month. Hutchins selects only 1 or 2 of his collages a year to re-work into a print. \u201cI love that kind of iconic poster art look, and each of my prints is really its own work, inspired by, but separate from, the collage. The basic shape will be the same, but the print design consists solely of areas of color. In some ways the prints are simplified versions of the larger pieces\u2026all my work is \u2026all my work is trying to be simple and at the same time evocative.\u201d\nHutchins is a self-taught artist based in Washington, D.C. He is owner of DC\u2019s iconic Florida Avenue Grill and was lawyer until about 5 years ago when he grew his artistic practice to a full time commitment. Hutchins works primarily in collage, mixed media and printmaking. His portraits combine vintage Black magazines, hate mail and other historical documents as well as found objects, tissue paper and new materials. He imagines that people themselves are collages.\nThis exhibition is made possible in part through funding from the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission, Department of Parks and Recreation, Prince George\u2019s County.\nTuesday through Saturday: 10 am\u20136 pm\nSunday: 12\u20135 pm\nThe exhibition, reception, and artist talk are FREE and open to the public.\nPyramid Atlantic is located at 4318 Gallatin Street, Hyattsville Maryland 20781. More information can be found at pyramidatlanticartcenter.org or by calling 301-608-9101.\nBy Editorial Team on January 23, 2023\nAdah Rose Gallery Presents Jacqui Crocetta & Kyujin Lee Looking In Looking Out\nFri, 27 January 2023 - Tue, 28 February 2023\nAn opening is scheduled for Saturday, January 28 from 5pm to 7pm.\nDavid C. Driskell Center Presents Faith Ringgold and Betye Saar RINGGOLD | SAAR: Meeting on the Matrix\nThu, 26 January 2023 - Mon, 22 May 2023\nView the exhibitions through May 2023.\nAddison/Ripley Fine Art Presents HOLY INVENTIONS Group Exhibition\nSat, 28 January 2023 - Sat, 04 March 2023\nAn opening reception is scheduled for Saturday, January 28 from 5pm to 7pm.\nVisArts Presents Alison Kysia Art, Islam, and Activism: Works in Progress; Cecilia Kim Private Varnish; and Sound of Fire Group Exhibition\nWed, 25 January 2023 - Sun, 12 March 2023\nAn opening reception is scheduled for Friday, January 27 from 7pm to 9pm.\nDale McGrath The Garden Year at Green Spring Gardens\nWed, 14 December 2022 - Sun, 05 February 2023\nThe exhibition is currently on view.\nHEMPHILL Hosts Book Signing & Print Viewing: PHOTOSCAPES AND THE EGG by Patricia Z. Smith\nThe book signing is scheduled for Saturday, January 28 at 3pm.", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1395683"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.9951195120811462, "wiki_prob": 0.9951195120811462, "text": "Searcy Public Library Board Announces $2 Million Donation for Renovation Project\nBy Sophie Rossitto|2022-02-11T16:36:33-06:00February 11th, 2022|News|\nSearcy Public Library officials announced Tuesday, Feb. 8, the name of the donor who helped kick start fundraising for renovations at the new location on Beebe Capps Expressway.\nLongtime Searcy resident and businessman Larry Crain agreed to donate $2 million for a project to renovate the Searcy Public Library, according to Jean Ann Bell, the library board president. Bell revealed the donor\u2019s name in a press conference at 10 a.m. outside the library\u2019s new location at 954 Skyline Drive, which was previously home to the Searcy Athletic Club.\nBell said the new library would be named the Janett Crain Memorial Library in honor of Crain\u2019s late wife, who worked with many service organizations in Searcy. At the conference, Crain and Barry Hoffmann, the architect for the project, unveiled a rendering of the new library\u2019s exterior.\nBell said the new public space was designed for all Searcy residents to enjoy.\n\u201cIt\u2019s really a community center, and we want people to feel that way about it,\u201d Bell said.\nCrain said he wanted to support the library renovation so people would have access to free internet services and because the project could have a positive impact on the local economy and commerce. Crain said he was also inspired to donate to this project because his wife loved education, children and serving the community.\n\u201cSo she\u2019s really the heart of this,\u201d Crain said.\nCrain said he grew up in Searcy and went on to work in the accounting and business fields. He owns multiple companies, including one that oversees car dealerships throughout Arkansas, the Crain Automotive Team website said. He also owns Crain Media, which runs seven FM radio stations in the state.\nFriends of the Library Foundation board member Jan Smith said the renovation project would cost $5.3 million, according to a 2021 feasibility study. The new library would contain 33,000 square feet, three times more than the current building on East Pleasure Avenue. The money would go towards adding a coffee shop, career center, space for teenagers and children, media program room, and other features to the library, Smith said.\n\u201cI envision this new library as a showplace for Searcy and a place we can all be proud to share,\u201d Smith said.\nThe board unsuccessfully campaigned for a new public library in 2017, Smith said. In early 2021, the Searcy Athletic Club building became available, so library board members teamed up with city officials to fund the purchase of the building.\nRegional library director Darla Ino said she was thrilled and surprised when she learned about Crain\u2019s donation. She said the board hopes to reach 75% of their fundraising goal before advancing to the public phase of the renovation.\nLibrary fundraising committee member Willie Abrams said he hoped Crain\u2019s donation would encourage others to contribute money to renovating the library.\n\u201cThis is a major gift to challenge others in Searcy to step up so that we can have this in our community,\u201d Abrams said.", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line92939"}
{"pred_label": "__label__cc", "pred_label_prob": 0.6663256883621216, "wiki_prob": 0.3336743116378784, "text": "Robert Riddoch\nPte Robert RIDDOCK, 3965, of Unknown Unit attached to THE BLACK WATCH ROYAL HIGHLANDERS, was born in Auchterarder Perthshire. He died on 30 July 1916 F&F. He is listed on the roll of THE BLACK WATCH (ROYAL HIGHLANDERS). The cause of death is given as Killed in action. Other information given: 6th Bn.\nPrivate R RIDDOCH, 3965, served in the 6th Bn. of the Black Watch (Royal Highlanders). He died on 30 July 1916 in France and is buried in CATERPILLAR VALLEY CEMETERY, LONGUEVAL and is commemorated on XI. G. 26.\nPrivate Robert Riddoch, 1/6th, Black Watch, is commemorated on the War Memorial at Auchterarder.\nPrivate Robert Riddock, 3965, 6th (Perthshire) Battalion (Territorial), Black Watch (Royal Highlanders), was killed in action on 30 Jul 1916 in France and Flanders. He enlisted at Auchterarder.\nPrivate Robert RIDDOCH lived at Arnott Cottage, Feus, Auchterarder. He enlisted 8th November 1915 in the 1/6th battalion of the Black Watch. Home service at Bridge of Earn, Falkirk, Ripon, 1915 to 1916. Served France. Killed at High Wood. He died 31st July 1916.", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line61249"}
{"pred_label": "__label__cc", "pred_label_prob": 0.6361367106437683, "wiki_prob": 0.3638632893562317, "text": "Home \u00bb COVID-19 and Health Crisis \u00bb Building an Inside-led prison abolition movement:\nBuilding an Inside-led prison abolition movement:\nAn interview with Bennu Hannibal Ra-Sun\nBy Devin Cole posted on January 12, 2021\nOn Jan. 5, Devin Cole spoke with Free Alabama Movement co-founder and freedom fighter Bennu Hannibal Ra Sun about the economic side of the ongoing 30-day Economic Blackout and Alabama prison strike in January, the growth of social media and prison abolition, and what it will take to build a truly structured prison and slavery abolition organization.\nDevin Cole: Members of the Free Alabama Movement and other prison abolitionists are saying that Securus Technologies\u2019 implementation of video visitation equipment is a front for permanently removing all in-person visitation and replacing it with video visitations only. Can you talk about these concerns and why they want to do away with in-person visitation?\nBennu Hannibal: Certain members of FAM have that interpretation and are expressing it. As for myself, I haven\u2019t seen anything specific as to what Securus and ADOC\u2019s plan is, but that doesn\u2019t mean it\u2019s not their overall plan. We do know that video visitation is already happening in other states, because Securus is a national brand. And we can extrapolate from those conversations and things that we are already aware of what the plan is for Alabama. We also know that some county jails are already using video visitation exclusively.\nWhatever the decision, we know that it will be decided by economics and not what is best for the families. Under the current model, aside from the vending machines, the state doesn\u2019t make any money on in-person visitation.\nBennu Hannibal Ra-Sun\nOn the flip side, they have costs associated with physical visitation, like having security staff to harass and inspect visitors, perform strip searches, etc. These are all costs to the operational budget of a prison that disappear with video visitation kiosks. So, they probably compared the numbers from what they are making off normal visitation, in contrast to what they will make off the contracts with Securus, including the other services that Securus will be charging for us to use their tablets, etc., and decided that if they go to video visitation and make whatever else they will make off these contracts \u2014 then that is more profitable and preferable to do.\nI don\u2019t know if they would switch to a system where in-person is only once a month, once every 90 days, or you have to earn it or whatever. But people in prison and our families should not have to pay to talk to our loved ones, and we should never be denied the basic need for human contact that all human beings need.\nSecurus is an unscrupulous company that has been caught and sued for providing location-tracking information to law enforcement, bounty hunters and bondsmen, which was used to track people and their family members \u2014 and that shows that they are willing to be a part of the police state and prison-industrial complex.\nThese companies have no incentive to be concerned with what the family members have to say or are going through. It is very clear that they have some perception of the financial exploitation that goes into prison plantation management, and they are not constrained by principles when it comes to human suffering to make their profits.\nDC: The other four companies in this Economic Blackout that are being boycotted are JPay, Access Corrections, Union Supply Company and Alabama Correctional Industries. What are their roles in the slavery system of Alabama prisons?\nBH: It\u2019s not just about the Alabama prisons. Alabama doesn\u2019t have JPay. The reason we added some of these companies is to give people in other states the opportunity to be a part of the Economic Blackout protest as well, because it is affecting all of us.\nEven though the original idea of this economic boycott by Kinetik Justice was and has remained for the most part a statewide effort, I thought it would be wise to add other companies that provide similar services in other states to leave room for other states to get involved, to create an opportunity to build unity and to show that we are all in this together \u2014 because the actions we are taking in Alabama are related to the actions around the country.\nUnion Supply and Access Secure are prison profiteers involved in the overpriced incentive package and accessory programs that are used to exploit and extort money from us and our families. These companies provide their services to prisons nationwide and enjoy exclusive monopoly contracts with prisoncrats and politicians. We need to be getting at all of them, all across the country, all at the same time.\nThrough actions like the Economic Blackout, we want families to understand why we have to start demanding audits of these companies, so that we can show people what\u2019s really going on.\nAnother thing I want to do while we raise awareness is to find five families that are willing to have their personal finances audited, so that they can see in exact dollar amount terms how much they are contributing to incarceration and enslavement by investing in these exploitative companies. When people start seeing how much money is being made, they\u2019ll then start asking where is the money going? Family members will see that they are paying for all these weapons, the mace and rubber bullets, the night sticks and electric shields that are used to harm us \u2014 and that these suppliers and prison officials are getting rich off it all.\nIt is profits that are made and the kickbacks to the operating budgets that keep the structure of the incarceration system and its laws intact. It is the economic contributions and free or cheap prison labor that form the pillars that uphold the system; and when those pillars are stressed and broken, the entire system collapses.\nThese economic boycott campaigns are to get people to see what their money is going to and what the system would look like if they took all their JPay money out, all their Securus money out \u2014 what that would look like. Would it be better, or would it be worse? There has to be a scientific application of \u201cWhat am I dealing with?\u201d\nThe budget of Alabama prisons is $600,000,000. If we take the labor out, what does that do to the budget? If we take incentive packages out, what does that do to the budget? If we take the canteen money out, what does that do to the budget? And so on and so forth.\nDC: In 2018, you wrote an incredible article called \u201cSeeing the problem, being the solution, making the sacrifice.\u201d (tinyurl.com/y4vhskez) In it, you speak extensively of the need to use social media, as in creating a mobile app for your organization that tells of all ongoing prison strikes, hunger strikes and all economic boycotts similar to that going down right now. Could you talk about the role that social media and technology have played in expanding these growing economic blackouts?\nBH: We started using social media as part of our core strategy back in 2014 with our YouTube channel and Facebook page. When I came to prison back in 2001, I was shocked at the living conditions. I shared with the guys in prison that we needed a camcorder to document this stuff. I was 100% convinced that people in society had no idea that living conditions were that bad. Hell, I had friends and my brother in prison at the time, and I had no idea people were living this way.\nSo when the time came for me to put the blueprint for the Free Alabama Movement together, I knew that social media would play a very important role in the way we got our message and our proof out. I knew I could take that phone, create the social media platforms, and use this technology to push the Movement forward in unique ways.\nAs for the mobile app, I simply see this as the evolution in the area of technology for our Movement. There is a lot of activism taking place around the country on the inside of U.S. prisons, jails and detention facilities, but people don\u2019t know how to wade through all the social media content to find out about it, because the information is hard to find.\nFor example, right now there is a hunger strike going on in an ICE detention center in New Jersey, with others joining in daily. There is action in Pennsylvania and other places that kicked off mostly at the start of the year. There is our economic boycott here in Alabama, which includes several hunger strikers.\nHardly any of us know about each other, even though we are all protesting and taking actions for the same issues. As things stand at the moment, our actions are all unconnected. With this app that we\u2019re still working to develop, we could have a centralized source where people can see all these things happening, and we could reach out to organizers in Alabama, Texas, New Jersey, bring them to the table and come out with the united front. All the issues are the same, so why are we not all acting and moving and organizing together?\nThere is just too much information and too much trickery going on for people to be on top of what is going on and who and what is legit or not. This app will help to centralize information and actions and allow us to strengthen and grow our base from which to inform and educate.\nWhen you look back to November 2017, you\u2019ll see an article I wrote in the San Francisco Bay View for the Campaign to Redistribute the Pain 2018, where I presented the idea and laid out a potential structure building a nationwide, \u201cInside-led\u201d organization called the National Freedom Movement (which is now growing). (tinyurl.com/y4yarmw4) The elevated levels of activity around the country today illustrate why having a national structure is so important, so that all of these campaigns can be organized and be happening simultaneously in several states. There are a lot of organizations involved in what\u2019s going on in Alabama, New Jersey, Florida, so why can\u2019t we all work together?\nWe can\u2019t remain stuck in isolated borders when we are dealing with people who are committed to solving this gigantic problem. Prisons commissioners, police chiefs, mayors, doctors, and many other common groups, all have national meetings and platforms that they share every year. They are unified and they are together \u2014 that is why they are successful. We are not unified, and that\u2019s why we are not successful!\nThere are many organizations on the outside supporting our struggle, but they already have their own agendas and plans that they organize around. The work they do for us falls within the context of the limited scope of what they are about. In other words, they are not structured exclusively to our needs and concerns.\nOutside organizations are coming in and offering help, but not helping us build our own infrastructure. When they leave, or the cause of the moment dies off, they take their resources and infrastructure with them. That model is only mildly effective.\nIf we are to have long-term success and truly solve these problems, then we\u2019ll have to build our own nationwide, Inside-led outside-support network ourselves. And that starts with the Inside coming together nationally first.\nWhat I am proposing in the National Freedom Movement is that those of us on the inside come together and then organize our own outside-support organizations from the ground up: We provide the by-laws; we make the structure \u2014 and every component and every brick is set up by those of us on the inside.\nWe already have more than enough legit Inside-led organizations. The bottom line is we should be organizing together, planning together and dictating the action and the tempo nationwide from the inside. But we aren\u2019t unified, and as a result, most \u2014 but not all \u2014 of our actions are reactive.\nFor those asking what they can do to help, help us build our own national infrastructure in the way we are describing. It\u2019s paternalistic and destructive to the Movement to do otherwise. Over time, we see organizations pull out and take their resources with them, returning every now and then to play favorites amongst the Inside activists. They use their leverage and resources to play divide-and-conquer amongst inside factions. This benefits the government and not the struggle. That\u2019s why we need our own outside-support structure. Without independence, we\u2019ll always have these problems that we are having today with outside organizations.\nDC: Any final thoughts or words you want to speak about?\nBH: Starting out, this call was originally for a 30-day Economic Blackout in the form of work strikes, boycotts and protests. Over the past 4-to-5 days, however, we started to see the Economic Blackout aspect become overshadowed and hijacked. This was allowed to happen for a number of reasons \u2014 none of them positive.\nFor example, I am seeing an organization conducting a fundraiser \u201cfor the hunger strikers,\u201d but with no offer of support for the others sacrificing. And, one of the reasons they say they are raising funds \u2014 to help pay for commissary \u2014 is a direct contradiction of the Economic Blackout. They say they are raising funds at the request of the Free Alabama Movement, but why would FAM be requesting funds to be spent in a way that directly contradicts the Economic Blackout?\nLost in the shuffle is the fact that the hunger strikers are taking action to support the Economic Blackout. Nevertheless, we have people reporting on the hunger strikers in a way that totally separates them from the Economic Blackout, where all freedom fighters are being called on to take action by quitting their jobs, rejecting visits and or foregoing canteen or incentive packages \u2014 and going on hunger strike if this is your choice.\nThese are obvious contradictions that compelled me to speak where I otherwise had been silent on certain matters. Supporters have to understand that their individual relationships and conversations don\u2019t translate into universal support for FAM, and they should not be making statements and taking actions that cause contradictions or conflicts with overall Movement activities.\nWhen the message gets hijacked, the companies to boycott are being given a pass, and the potential to expand the boycott is being lost. But this is what happens when outside support organizations put personal relationships before organizational principles. They started picking the people they like and reporting from that angle, instead of supporting the cause. And that\u2019s another reason why we need to create our own outside-support structure.\nWe need everyone to stay focused on our fundamental approach to defining and solving this problem with economic direct-action campaigns, because this is how we are going to affect change. We support everyone who is making a sacrifice for freedom and all of the families, but we have to remain vigilant in our understanding that this is a comprehensive plan, not a reactionary one.\nAnd it\u2019s not just for 30 days. We want people to know that this is ongoing. We can\u2019t let the State off the hook by forgetting that we are here to defund, divest and be disruptive with economic strategies and tactics. We\u2019ll amplify that by any means necessary.\nBennu Hannibal Ra Sun is the founder of the Free Alabama Movement and Executive Director of the Campaign to Redistribute the Pain. He is the architect of the National Freedom Movement, an author, and he is fighting for the liberation of all people trapped in cages and behind walls.\nDevin Cole is a transgender Marxist organizer and writer. They are the president of Strive (Socialist Trans Initiative), a transgender advocacy organization in northwest Florida, and a member of the Workers World Party \u2013 Central Gulf Coast (Alabama, Florida, and Mississippi) branch.\nUkraine: U.S./NATO-backed fascist coup & a growing people\u2019s resistance\nhttps://www.workers.org/2021/01/53733/?fbclid=IwAR1cdMsoWR0S501YdTGJLEzXvLQVJ24EmZRE72zewSvhWgDpu7WS7RwLb8s", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line196977"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.6010396480560303, "wiki_prob": 0.6010396480560303, "text": "Tag: FDRE\nEthiopia: Office of the Prime Minister \u2013 Joint Communique Issued at the End of the Official State Visit by H.E. Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, President of the Federal Republic of Somalia to the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (30.09.2022)\nAuthor nilspeacePosted on September 30, 2022 September 30, 2022 Categories Africa, Development, Diplomacy, Governance, Government, Law, Leadership, PoliticsTags Abiy Ahmed Ali, Ethiopia, FDRE, Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, Prosperity Party, SomaliaLeave a comment on Ethiopia: Office of the Prime Minister \u2013 Joint Communique Issued at the End of the Official State Visit by H.E. Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, President of the Federal Republic of Somalia to the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (30.09.2022)\nOpinion: Kenyatta will miss his old office very quickly\u2026\nIt has been announced that the former Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta has been appointed to mediate and be a \u201cSpecial Envoy\u201d to the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Ethiopia. He will have to partake in the insurgencies in the DRC and the conflict in Northern Ethiopia (Tigray). Therefore, he has a massive take and lots of responsibility overnight.\nThe Former President be working with Heads of State in the DRC. Where he has to be working directly with the authorities in Kinshasa. That\u2019s the place he has a shot and possibility to make a difference. Kenyatta already has a working relationship with President Felix Tshisekedi. Therefore, if there is hope for any substantial progress or delivery. He should hope to get somewhere in the DRC.\nThe M23 latest peace agreement was already made in Nairobi with the Nairobi Declaration. That\u2019s why, Kenyatta has goodwill and could use the working relations from his years in office to make a difference, but we shouldn\u2019t have to high hopes. However, we have to take what positives there are before downplaying this role and office.\nOn the other hand, in Ethiopia and Addis Ababa, is a place where Kenyatta might not be so much welcome. There won\u2019t be much fanfare or acceptance of him. He will be a nonce and nuisance quickly. The Addis Ababa government have to already work with the African Union Envoy for the Horn, Olusegun Obasanjo. The former Nigerian President have struggled to bring any dialogue or talks between the stakeholders. This work has been stifled and his had an unforgiving role, as the FDRE and the Government of Tigray has both ceased talks or negotiations in general.\nObasanjo have tried and his hands are tied. We know the FDRE is directing how the AU Envoy can operate. While people will quickly question the mandate and what sort of mission Kenyatta has. This was quickly launched, as Kenyatta retired from the Office of Presidency. It is a way of softening the blow and give him a purpose. Though, what will the Ministry of Foreign Affairs tell Kenyatta and what is his anticipated to do?\nWill he make phone-calls, conduct field-work or even try to get stakeholders to meet each other? A man of peace can do a lot. He can do little or a lot. If any of the 10 years in Office will tell us. The former President could easily create a scandal or a way of using the office for enriching himself. However, it would be hard to find a way to make this happen. Nevertheless, people shouldn\u2019t be shocked, if he found a way or a scheme to get some additional funds. That is his way and how he has run his government.\nRuto surely sent him on his merry. Giving him a token of appreciation and an honourable task. Kenyatta should use all diplomatic channels and shouldn\u2019t expect much. It isn\u2019t like his through IGAD, AU or any other body. No, his just appointed by the incumbent Kenyan President and that isn\u2019t setting a strong mandate.\nThis is sort of like the mandate or role Stephan Kalonzo Musyoka had in the South Sudan in the previous term. He was the Special Envoy to South Sudan and he surely cannot show much, if anything He got a few free trips to Juba, but cannot be said to helped the process significantly.\nThis here office should be gazetted and the mandate should be set forward. Also, the current President should give a time-frame and possible plans for it. Since, it shouldn\u2019t just be something to keep Kenyatta busy. Kenyatta should have a target to work towards in coordination with Kinshasa and Addis Ababa. However, time will tell if they will let him or see him as outside noise. Peace.\nAuthor nilspeacePosted on September 16, 2022 September 16, 2022 Categories Africa, Development, Diplomacy, Governance, Government, Law, Leadership, PoliticsTags Abiy Ahmed Ali, Democratic Republic of Congo, DRC, Ethiopia, FDRE, Felix Tshisekedi Tshilombo, GoK, Government of Kenya, Kenya, President Ruto, President Tshisekedi, Prime Minister Abiy, Prosperity Party, Regional Government of Tigray, Tigray, Uhuru Kenyatta, William RutoLeave a comment on Opinion: Kenyatta will miss his old office very quickly\u2026\nEthiopia: Press Release from the Caucus of Opposition Parties (COP) \u2013 (05.06.2022)\n[VOL \u2013 JUNE 05,2022] Having Noticed the fundamental differences on the approach of the National Dialogue with the government and it\u2019s allied Parties, we here by announce the Establishment of Caucus of Opposition Parties (COP) to present our alternatives for National Dialogue that will result in genuine democratic system.\nTherefore, We, the Caucus of Opposition Parties (COP) composed of below mentioned opposition political parties, who are key stakeholders with significant followers and influence in Ethiopia are fully committed to peaceful resolution of all conflicts and political differences that are flaming the current worsening political schisms and deadly hostilities.\nUnderstanding the current dire situation Ethiopia is facing, all political parties, including the ruling party, agreed that the best way to tackle the gargantuan problems is through a National Dialogue. The government taking part in the initiative of the parties organized meetings where the modalities and process of the National dialogue was discussed. However, while the discussions were in progress and the stakeholders were debating the best way to organize the national dialogue, the government unilaterally prepared a bill regulating the process and passed it through the one party dominated parliament ignoring the concerns of the political parties.\nThen, the government, exacerbating the matter further, started a dubious process of selecting the commission that will facilitate the National dialogue violating the fundamental principles of a national dialogue which are inclusivity in all facets of the process by all key stakeholders. Furthermore, no provision was put in place to allow commission to reach out to those who are currently banned and are at war with the government.\nCOP strongly believes that the current toxic political environment that resulted in bloody wars, economic decline and further polarization of the differences between all political forces, including the government could only be resolved through genuine, inclusive National dialogue where all stakeholders are fully engaged and given a chance to take active part in the solution.\nHaving seen how the National Dialogue process was compromised and misdirected, COP members decided to question their participating in a current format of the National Dialogue and present an alternative formula for organizing a genuine National dialogue in order to confront the culture of conspiratorial politics and heralding political actions that would positively contribute to the development of democratic culture and dissuade the government in a constructive way from taking a wrong direction.\nTherefore, COP proposes that The National dialogues intended to address the key issues facing the politico/social and Economic landscape today shall meet the minimum of international standards and practices in order to give the process a chance to succeed include the followings:\nAn immediate, real cessation of hostilities and Internationally monitored ceasefire in all areas in Ethiopia including Tigray, Afar and Amhara, in Northern Ethiopia, Oromia , Benishangul, and Somali States.\nAssurance by the government that it and key stakeholders take steps to restructure a commission and the edit regulating the process in a way that makes the process inclusive, representative and genuine, whereby negotiating parties have a strong support base, credible claim of legitimacy in representing their constituency, the political will and the ability to implement what was agreed upon including shared responsibility of implementation of the outcome of the National dialogue.\nIn order to ensure transparency, independence and inclusiveness of the commission members, political parties shall have a meaningful presence in the commission and take part in the process and criteria of selection. In addition, any discriminatory clause shall be removed from selection criteria such as holding only Ethiopian passports for people of Ethiopian origin in order to benefit from their expertise.\nIn the agenda setting process, there shall be a clear and transparent process that accommodates agenda presentation and approval by all stakeholders without discrimination.\nSince Ethiopia is not an Island in this intricately interconnected global world and every decision we make is important to the other countries. Therefore, we demand provision that permit involvement and engagement of credible, neutral facilitators or mediators from the international community take part in the National dialogue process when deemed necessary.\nTransparent and agreed upon decision making process including consensus and mediation shall be agreed by upon by all key stakeholders.\nAdequate confidence building measures, including supplying security of key participants, effective international oversight, release of all political prisoners and lifting of embargo on humanitarian aid to those who are in desperate need of food and medicine.\nIt\u2019s in the best interest of our people to give a guarantee and safety of all participants in the process and transparent security arrangements whereby Opposition parties leaders are not threatened by harassment, imprisonment and/or extra judicial killings.\nMember Parties\n1. AFAR JUSTICE AND DEMOCRATIC PARTY\n2. AFAR PEOPLE\u2019S PARTY (APP)\n3. ARENA TIGRAY\n4. DONGA PEOPLE\u2019S DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATION\n5.HIBIR ETHIOPIA (HIBIR)\n6. MEDREK\n7. OGADEN NATIONAL LIBERATION FRONT(ONLF)\n8. OROMO FEDERALIST CONGRESS (OFC)\n9. OROMO LIBERATION FRONT(OLF)\n10. WOLAYTA NATIONAL MOVEMENT (WNM)\nAuthor nilspeacePosted on June 5, 2022 June 5, 2022 Categories Africa, Development, Governance, Government, Law, Leadership, PoliticsTags Afar Justice and Democratic Party, Afar People's Party, Arena Tigray, Caucus of Opposition Parties, COP, Donga People's Democratic Organization, Ethiopia, FDRE, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, HIBIR, HIBIR Ethiopia, MEDREK, OFC, Ogaden National Liberation Front, OLF, ONLF, Oromo Federalist Congress, Oromo Liberation Front, WNM, Wolayata National MovementLeave a comment on Ethiopia: Press Release from the Caucus of Opposition Parties (COP) \u2013 (05.06.2022)\nEthiopia: PM Abiy wants a Palace fitted for a King\n\u201cThe Office of the Prime Minister is under preparations to construct a new national palace to the tune of 49 billion birr, becoming the second biggest public project next to the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, which has consumed over 130 billion birr thus far. Situated on a sprawling 503 hectares of land at Yeka Hill, in Yeka Sub-city, the construction touches five woredas, which will harbor the construction of halls, lakes, housing units and road infrastructures, among other facilities. Part of the government\u2019s 10 year perspective plan, the project will see the evacuation of thousands of people. However, the residents will be given a chance to develop their own property on their land, if it fits the standard of the area, where the palace will be built. Sources told The Reporter the UAE government will contribute a portion of the budget needed to construct the palace\u201d (The Ethiopian Reporter \u2013 \u2018Government inches to build palace for over 49 billion birr\u2019 21.05.2022).\nIt seems to be official that the ruler of Addis Ababa and beyond, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed Ali is planning to change his estate and his residence. As there are now plans to spend about a $1 billion United States Dollar on building a new Palace. That will be instead of residing in the Menelik Palace and the Grand Jubilee, which will become a museums.\nThe OPM and the ruling regime is prioritizing building a lavish Palace for their ruler. Instead of spending money on food security, agriculture or anything that can help the citizens. Because, the state has created a famine in Northern parts of the Republic. While it is having severe droughts in the Ogaden and surrounding areas. It is also possible hurt and suffering in the Afar region and parts of the Amhara region after warfare last year. Also, we have no estimation or idea of the damage, the pain or suffering in the Oromia region as well. Therefore, the state isn\u2019t creating sustainable mechanisms or programs. Instead they are choosing to build a magnificent building for the Prime Minister to reside in.\nThe state who just received $300 million USD to \u201crebuild\u201d and \u201cretool\u201d parts of the war-torn regions of the Republic. As the Republic is having a rising inflation hitting around the 40% rise. While also lacking foreign exchange. Meanwhile the Federal Government has also invested and imported more weaponry, tanks and other equipment to further their internal conflicts. Therefore, there is no shadow of doubt. That things will only get worse\u2026 before they get better.\nAs the famines, droughts and steady arrival of conflicts. The use of war to silence to silence dissent and opposition. While spending fortunes on prestige projects like the Palace of the PM. That just shows what sort of mismatched priorities the PM has and he has no ideal of how it is wrecking the economy.\nIn the last budget the state used 12 billion birrs on food security, 17 billion birrs on job creation, 33 billion birrs on health care and 16 billion birrs on education. So, you can easily see how the Federal Government is prioritizing the Palace over all the other necessities. Yes, some funds will come from the UAE Government, but that\u2019s still a waste of government spending. This is not for developing the Republic or helping the citizens in need. No, this is just to boost the ego of man and his lofty ambitions.\nAbiy wants so badly to be seen as a King and be a monarch. Now, his building a grand palace in his name and during his tenure. That just shows his intentions and he has no scruples either. As his government is waging war, been blocking humanitarian aid and been vicious against any critics within his realm.\nNow\u2026 his starting to build a Palace and soon his trying to figure out who can make him a crown. Peace.\nAuthor nilspeacePosted on May 22, 2022 May 22, 2022 Categories Africa, Development, Economy, Governance, Government, Law, Leadership, PoliticsTags Abiy, Abiy Ahmed, Abiy Ahmed Ali, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Ethiopian Prosperity Party, FDRE, Finfinne, Menelik Palace, PM Abiy, Prosperity PartyLeave a comment on Ethiopia: PM Abiy wants a Palace fitted for a King\nEthiopia: The Federal Government is cracking down on all critical media\u2026\nThe latest arrest is now Meskerem Abera, the journalist who has also just been abducted at Addis Abeba airport earlier today on the 21st May 2022. She is following a long line of government critics who has been apprehended, arrested and taken to unknown location. In addition to that, another kidnapping and arrest is of Tadious Tantu as well. Who has been gone missing since yesterday.\nThis is a grand scale of going after anyone who isn\u2019t following the Federal Government line in the media. That is very obvious, because this a broad-net of journalists taken into custody over the last 48 hours.\nHere is some brief reports of others arrested as well.\n\u201cThe Amhara region based Ashara media outlet announced that police arrested 5 of its staff last night & that it cannot establish their whereabouts today. The five are Kelemu Gelagay, Daniel Mesfin (editors/cameramen), Gashaye Negussie, Getnet Yalew, Habtamu Melese (reporters)\u201d (Zecharias Zelalem, 20.05.2022).\n\u201cNews has just broken that Solomon Shumiye current affairs talk show host with a decent following on the Gebeyanu YouTube channel, has just been taken into police custody. We\u2019re at about 10 media staffers detained across Ethiopia in just the past 24 hours\u201d (Zecharias Zelalem, 20.05.2022).\nEarlier in the month another arrest was also done:\n\u201cJournalist Gobeze Sisay accused Ethiopia Government of crackdown on dissent media\n\u2705Gobeze says his arrest is similar to the Tamerat Negera case, where Oromia police censor media, claiming \u201cOromophobia\u201d\n\u2705Tamera is #Oromo but opposes ethnic-federalism policy of Abiy\u2019s OPP\u201d (Awasa Guardian, 10.05.2022).\nWe can easily see that this is deliberate acts of silencing everyone and only get out the message of the state. A way of taking away anyone who speaks, thinks or even considers to question Prime Minster Abiy Ahmed Ali and his Prosperity Party. His party and Federal Government is aiming at anyone who blinks their eyes twice and thinks about questioning his actions.\nThat\u2019s why these mass-arrests are happening. The sudden kidnappings of journalists, activists, civic leaders and advocates are targeted as well. This is all deliberated and by taking out the journalists the media will not report on it and neither will there be a media who questions these violations of people\u2019s rights.\nThe PM and his party can rule with their tyranny, as there is no voices of reason. There is only incarceration and detention of anyone who dissent. The government is certainly showing it\u2019s vicious side and instead of settling grievances with words. They are instead using it\u2019s authority to silence it\u2019s critics. That is not a shocker, as unity is spread to the sound of guns and ammo. Therefore, it follows a pattern of violence as a means of solidifying power. Peace.\nAuthor nilspeacePosted on May 21, 2022 May 21, 2022 Categories Africa, Development, Governance, Government, Law, Leadership, PoliticsTags Abiy Ahmed Ali, Arrests of Journalist, Ashara, Daniel Mesfin, Ethiopia, Ethiopian Prosperity Party, FDRE, Gashaye Negussie, Gebeyanu YouTube channel, Getnet Yalew, Gobeze Sisay, Habtamu Melese, Kelemu Gelagay, Media, Meskerem Abera, PM Abiy, Prosperity Party, Solomon Shumiye, Tadious Tantu, Tamerat NegeraLeave a comment on Ethiopia: The Federal Government is cracking down on all critical media\u2026\nEthiopia: If Ethiopians are joining the war in Ukraine \u2013 They are dying for a War that isn\u2019t theirs to begin with\u2026\n\u201cEveryone now clearly understands that Russia and all Russians lie. Trying to recruit Ethiopian Youth, Russians do not tell anybody that as of April 18, 2022, over 20000 of RU invaders has already met their Death in Ukraine. Felt defeated in Ukraine, Russia insidiously tries to mislead and play its dirty games\u201d (Embassy of Ukraine in Ethiopia, 18.04.2022).\nToday in Addis Ababa there been long lines and queues outside of the Russian Embassy. As there are reports of a total of 2000 Ethiopian citizens that has signed up to fight on the Russian side of the Ukrainian conflict.\nThat is only mere reports that has been refuted by the Russians, but they are willing to lie about everything. While the Ukrainian Embassy in Addis Ababa says they are recruiting. The Ukrainians are the ones who is defending their territory and nation against the Russian-Belorussian invasion, which has lasted for over 50 days now.\nIt is very unique, if these Ethiopians join this war. This isn\u2019t a world war and neither is a conflict that has spiralled outside of the borders of Ukraine. No, for now it is a Russian-Belarus-Ukraine thing for the most part. The Russians warns everyone else of not to move, think or coordinate. While the Russians has already gotten Syrian mercenaries and could easily try to conscript Ethiopians to fight their battles.\nThere is already reports that the Russians needs reinforcement badly. As on Job-Sites and Work-Offerings the Ministry of Defence is offering unique and patriotic-based contracts for the ones who is willing to sacrifice and fight for Russia in Ukraine. The Russian Federation and it\u2019s army needs recruits. That is evident after all the losses and the total failure of the swift invasion, which was supposed to happen within 48 hours or three days\u2026\nHowever, here we are and Ethiopians are queueing outside the Embassy. Some is said to have with them a passport and documents to prepare visa\u2019s and signing up to participate in the conflict. That means Ethiopians would fight on the Russian side of the conflict.\nThe ones that queueing today is supposed to part of Amhara Para-Military Group \u201cFano\u201d which is supported by Amhara Regional State and been vital in the war against Tigray People\u2019s Liberation Front (TPLF). Fano is the extremist and fascists of Ethiopia who has fought for Amharian supremacy and a Greater Amhara. So, they will fit well in with the Z brigade of Moscow and be in-line quickly with the Russian propaganda of Kremlin. Therefore, if that is true. It is a match made in Hell and not in Heaven.\nNevertheless, the Ethiopian mercenaries or conscripts is signing up for a war that isn\u2019t theirs in the first place. They will not be honoured and be respected for their efforts. These will be cannon-fodder and die like flies on the front-line. The Ethiopian soldiers will not conquer or overcome Ukrainian forces. They will only be a temporary fix and a possible strategy of cutting the losses of the Russians own brigades.\nThe Ethiopian Youth and \u201cFano\u201d might see this as a possible way of training, expertise and a possible pay-check. They rather fight a war far away and get credit for it. In such a way of leaving desperation at home to flee to \u201cgreener\u201d pasture in Eastern Europe. However, they will bleed and die for nothing. The Russian will not honour their sacrifice or write tales of glory for their participation. No, they are just useful pawns on the chess-set and the first to catch a bullet for them.\nThe Ethiopian mercenaries will not linger much hope. When the Russians themselves has struggled and lead to many tactical defeats for the last 50 days. Why would Ethiopians make a huge difference? No, I don\u2019t think so. Not because they are not warriors and cannot fight a battle. No, it is because of the conflict they would enter and the enemy they are meeting. It is not like it will be easy and be friendly. No, it will be brutal and they spare no one. Especially, the soldiers and the ones who is representing Russian invasion force.\nThat\u2019s because the Ethiopian or \u201cFano\u201d will be part of the invaders and an invasion. They are not part of the defence or the ones who is defending their homeland. No, they are going after Ukraine and on Ukrainian soil. That is a death wish and they will not return home as heroes. They are joining an imperial power and partaking in unjustified war. This is why nothing good will come out of it.\nThe ones signing up for this\u2026 is signing up for a death sentence and Moscow will not repay them. They are just taking a bullet for Kremlin and no love will ever be lost. These youths and Ethiopians will not return or be able to tell about the war they entered. Because, the Russians wouldn\u2019t spare them. They are the ones they can risk and send to the front-line without any costs. Since, they signed up for it and they got to fight. There will be no option to flee or seek shelter. No, they are there to fight the cause of Russia.\nA cause that will end up in caskets or not even that. They will be left behind on the battlefield and forgotten. A bloodshed and a sacrifice of a willing. Youth and Amhara militia members who fought a war that wasn\u2019t theirs. The tears and losses will be felt by their families and loved ones. Who knew that they went and never heard from them again. Families and villages who saw their sons leave for war in Eastern Europe. Where they never returned from and only got a mantle or a signed off on war-grave. However, they will not return with stories of greatness or of adventures. No, they will be scorn, torn and bleed for a conflict, which wasn\u2019t theirs and never will be theirs to begin with. They will be the lost souls and the sons of far away who could have lived life in peace and created a future in Ethiopia. Instead they sought after glory and a pay-off from Russia. A pay-off they will not receive. Since most of them will die before the Russian Federation or Ministry of Defence has to even care about their salaries. Peace.\nBTW: It would make a difference, if the Amhara or Ethiopians joined the Ukrainian side either. This is a war for the soul of Europe and a war against European imperialism. Where the NATO/EU and Russia are on each side. As the Ukrainian are fighting for its own independence and sovereignty to join whatever entity or alliance it see fit. While Russians wants to have control of their neighbours. Which is why there is no natural reason or argument to defend the participation of Ethiopian Youth or \u201cFano\u201d in either sides of the conflict in Ukraine. They will not be remembered or written tales of glory. No, they are mercenaries who will die in unmarked graves, which is undignified for their sacrifice, but an end, which is most likely to happen.\nBTW II: Don\u2019t say nobody didn\u2019t warn you or didn\u2019t write about it. Because, I did and I am concerned, because their lives matters. Just like all lives does and this was a death that could have been avoided. However, decisions are made and there is always consequences to the actions we make. Peace.\nAuthor nilspeacePosted on April 18, 2022 April 18, 2022 Categories Africa, Army, Development, Diplomacy, Europe, Governance, Government, Law, Leadership, PoliticsTags Abiy, Abiy Ahmed Ali, Amhara, Ethiopia, Fano, FDRE, PM Abiy, President Putin, Russia, Russian Federation, Sergei Shoigu, Ukraine, Vladimir Putin2 Comments on Ethiopia: If Ethiopians are joining the war in Ukraine \u2013 They are dying for a War that isn\u2019t theirs to begin with\u2026\nOpinion: It seems like Abiy don\u2019t need Hailemariam Desalegn anymore\u2026\nThere is now reports that the former Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn has an arrest warrant on him. There is a pending corruption case, which questions missing funds $50 million, which was misused and not spent as promised on agricultural equipment from Poland. Therefore, an old case is suddenly appearing and haunting the former Prime Minister.\nWhen these sorts of things happens years after. As we have seen the succession of Abiy and the years in power. This seems like a sting and operation to take down a former ally who paved the way for Abiy to get into office. That is how it seems to me.\nThe money is most likely eaten and the ones in office is doing the same. If not they are misusing funds to combat it\u2019s own people and asking for donors for military equipment to kill their own. Surely, the former PM have to answer for his own grievances.\nHowever, this is a political game, as Abiy is safe and has the throne. He feels superior and untouchable, as the warfare haven\u2019t hit home and neither has the crippling economy. So, as long as the gig is working. He can focus on consolidating all power and this way go after someone who can put him in a bad light.\nWhich just happens to be the former Prime Minister. A man who did the noble thing and resigned after failing. A PM stepping down after misusing his office and suspending the rights of his people. Using the Command Post and the State of Emergency to further the plight of the demonstrating youths. Alas, the former PM did the graceful thing and bowed out.\nNevertheless, Abiy rather silence and get rid of his critics. That\u2019s why this fits a pattern and now he seeks a former ally and a predecessor. In such a way to silence and stop him too. To use the past and the courts to go after him. It is just so fitting and a political move, as the same courts has been used against high profiled opposition. Therefore, we know the drill and the motivation for it now.\nJust like Abiy have gone after and gotten rid of the ones that made him like Lemma Megersa. It seems like he has put the target on Hailemariam now. The one who was before him and to signal that anyone can be touched. That is how it seems\u2026 and it wouldn\u2019t be shocking. As there are plenty of political prisoners lingering in jail and the former PM would maybe even join fellow jailbirds who he put behind bars during his reign.\nTherefore, this is just a sign of cleaning the house and furthering his consolidating of power, which is a enterprise, which doesn\u2019t seem to slow down. However, it just takes new forms and the PM isn\u2019t done with doing so. Peace.\nAuthor nilspeacePosted on January 31, 2022 January 31, 2022 Categories Africa, Corruption, Development, Governance, Government, Law, Leadership, PoliticsTags Abiy Ahmed Ali, Ethiopia, FDRE, Hailemariam Desalegn, Hailemariam Desalegn Boshe, Lemma Megersa, PM Abiy, Prosperity PartyLeave a comment on Opinion: It seems like Abiy don\u2019t need Hailemariam Desalegn anymore\u2026\nKenya: President Uhuru Kenyatta \u2013 An appeal to the Government and the People of Ethiopia (03.11.2021)\nAuthor nilspeacePosted on November 3, 2021 November 4, 2021 Categories Africa, Army, Development, Diplomacy, Governance, Government, Law, Leadership, PoliticsTags Abiy Ahmed Ali, Ethiopia, FDRE, GoK, Government of Kenya, Kenya, PM Abiy, President Kenyatta, Prosperity Party, Uhuru KenyattaLeave a comment on Kenya: President Uhuru Kenyatta \u2013 An appeal to the Government and the People of Ethiopia (03.11.2021)\nEthiopia: Venable LLP hired to clean Abiy\u2019s tarnished image\nIt is now reported that the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) have hired the lobbying firm Venable LLP to promote Ethiopia in the United States of America (USA). This is not the first time an African Warlord or President with conflicts is hiring lobbyist to \u201cclean-up\u201d their image abroad. It is all done to sway the U.S. Congress and get a favourable tune from the White House. Because, the broken Washington D.C. is for sale and everyone can be bought, apparently.\nVenable LLP had 81 clients in 2020 and spent $7,400,000 in lobbying fees for various of causes. The Venable LLP had 44 lobbyist working for them last year.\nWhat is striking is the two fellas that is representing Ethiopia in Washington D.C. is Thomas Quinn and Loren Aho. Open Secrets says Quinn speciality is Taxation by a vast margin and Defence. While Aho have also Defence as speciality. This is not government affairs or foreign affairs, which is where the Ethiopian government needs help to sway public opinion about the war in Tigray and all the other atrocities across the Republic.\nOn a FARA form filed by Quinn on the 4th February 2021. Quinn is an attorney and a partner in the company. It states that he has three foreign principals his working for as a foreign agent. In his filing, these are: \u201cEmbassy of Ethiopia, Embassy of the State of Qatar & Hong Kong Trade Development Council\u201d. This means that works for these others as well. While banking the thousands of dollars per month from Addis Ababa. We can wonder how much Qatar and HKDC is paying him too.\nThe Ethiopian Embassy is paying Venable LLP US$35,000 per month. When they have a taxation expert and minor lobbyist on his payroll. The company has an outreach and has a big team. Though, the two who is handling this has this history. This is information in the public domain from ProPublica and OpenSecrets. It is not like the American lobbyists isn\u2019t looked into, as a public oversight to their actions and how they influence U.S. Congress.\nThat Quinn and Aho is hired to this is to whitewash and make Abiy\u2019s government look good in the public eye in the US. It is to get Committee\u2019s to act in favour of Addis Ababa. That is why they have hired these fellows. Where they are trying to sway and swing things in their direction. So, that they are not sanctioned or embargoed in any way. Especially, now that they are going into an election, warfare in Tigray and other lingering conflicts across the Republic.\nPrime Minister Abiy has hired these guys to look good. That is the reason. As his team isn\u2019t able to get positive headlines in Western Media and the use of this as a platform to get that. This is why regimes like this uses lobbyists to become \u201ccleansed\u201d from the \u201cbloodstains\u201d abroad. Also, to ensure their leadership and legitimacy across the board. In a manner, which they get vouched for by the International Community.\nIt is ironic that Abiy does this, as he holds a grip on local-media and accreditation of foreign media houses too. Just give people a pass, if they follows his guidelines and writes his stories. If they don\u2019t, then they are banished from the Republic. Peace.\nAuthor nilspeacePosted on February 17, 2021 February 17, 2021 Categories Africa, Development, Diplomacy, Governance, Government, Law, Leadership, PoliticsTags Abiy Ahmed Ali, Dr. Abiy Ali, Ethiopia, FDRE, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Loren Aho, PM Abiy, PP, Prosperity Party, Thomas Quinn, Venable LLPLeave a comment on Ethiopia: Venable LLP hired to clean Abiy\u2019s tarnished image\nTeff-Flour Patent Belongs to Ethiopia: Sanction Roosjen and his businesses now!\nIt is now revealed that someone named Jans Roosjen of the Netherlands has a United States Patent on the Teff Flour, the tradition food source backing done thousands of years. Roosjen is officially a pre-historical human being, he is back-to-future, he is the mirage and the answers of all things. Since he can patent something that has been part of Ethiopian culture and their practices, without their consent and without consideration. He is not the owner of Teff Flour. The United States Patent Office shouldn\u2019t accept this, because this is taking someones national pride and food culture and stamping their ill-gotten name on it.\nThis is a mockery of invention, this is cultural and staple food theft. It would be like stealing french-fries from Belgium, the Kimchi from South Korea or the Feijoada from Brazil. No one owns that invention, but you cannot patent it too. This is made for the people and owned by the people, secondly, as a foreigner you should appreciate the culture, not steal it. That is what this man has done with the Patent of Teff Flour milling. Like he invented it, he didn\u2019t invent it, he just served a document and filing to the Patent Office. They should have dismissed it as a insane thinking of a European man, who has no ownership to the food cuisine of Ethiopia.\nTeff History:\n\u201cTeff (Eragrostis Tef) is a cereal crop of Poaceae or Gramineae family with small grains. It is believed to have originated in Ethiopia between 4000 and 1000 BC [1]. Teff seeds were reported to be discovered in a pyramid which is thought to date back to 3359 BC [1]. It is a primarily cultivated cereal crop in Ethiopia with high market price and socio-economic values. Its center of origin and diversity is Ethiopia\u201d (\u2026) \u201cThe cultivation of teff as a major cereal crop in Ethiopia was started thousands of years ago. As mentioned in the Introduction, some researchers have indicated that teff production in Ethiopia has a history of more than 4000 years. Teff is a primarily cultivated cereal crop in Ethiopia with high market price and socio-economic values\u201d (Daba, 2017).\nEncyclopedia of Life (eol.org) states this:\n\u201cBetween 8,000 and 5,000 BC, the people of the Ethiopian highlands were among the first to domesticate plants and animals for food and teff was one of the earliest plants domesticated.[4] Teff is believed to have originated in Ethiopia and Eritrea between 4,000 BCE and 1,000 BCE. Genetic evidence points to E. pilosa as the most likely wild ancestor.[5] A 19th century identification of teff seeds from an ancient Egyptian site is now considered doubtful; the seeds in question (no longer available for study) are more likely of E. aegyptiaca, a common wild grass in Egypt.[6]\u201d (eol.org \u2013 \u2018Eragrostis tef\u2019).\nThat Roosjen own business, which is on his page teff-grain.com, where he states: \u201cgiven the fall-numbers the mixing of teff-grain or flour with other flours/seeds is patented\u201d. That is very insane, that a man from Netherlands or Holland is thieving a 1000 year old tradition and trying to keep it to himself. That is disgusting, it would be okay if he imported it through Prograin, the company he is owns and serves, but patenting it, is taking it a bit to far.\nSo the Roosjen started a shop in 2004, patent it in 2006 and has forgotten the tradition of the food. It is time for the world to patent everything for Nethlands, the wind-mills and when coming to foods. It is time for Ethiopians to patent Dutch tradition food, to retaliate like Pannenkoeken, Erwtensoep, Poffertjes and Stroopwafels. Because if a random Dutch man can patent food for centuries and get away it. The Ethiopian and government, should do similar acts until the Dutch retract this nonsense. This is demeaning and insulting of all humanity. Its like patenting human life itself, Roosjen next project could be to patent one of the pyramids of Egypt. Since he could already has stolen, the pride and staple food of injeera of Ethiopia.\nRoosjen, you do not own an African Cuisine, you don\u2019t have the rights to patent 8000-year old tradition food from Ethiopia. How dear you, you should retract it and be glad to mother, that you can still import this food and the flour itself. The Ethiopian partners of yours should stop selling to you. Since, you have betrayed their tradition and their cuisine, they should boycott you and yours families business.\nA Dutch Company and a Dutch Man is lucky to be able to trade the commodity, they should sanction the man. The farmers, the traders in Addis Ababa, the ones who has traded with his company and the ones licensing sale to him. Should stop immediately, he doesn\u2019t deserve it. Because he has stolen part of the pride of Ethiopia. No one has the right to do so. No-One has the right to do so, it is insulting and demeaning.\nDaba, Tadessa \u2013 \u2018Nutritional and Soio-Cultural Values of Teff (Eragrostis tef) in Ethiopia\u2019 (May 2017)\nAuthor nilspeacePosted on March 25, 2018 March 25, 2018 Categories Africa, Business, Civil Service, Development, Ethics, Governance, Government, Law, Leadership, Trade, TransparencyTags Eragrostis Tef, Ethiopia, FDRE, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Food Culture, glutenvrijmeel, GoE, Government of Ethiopia, Heritage, Horn of Africa, Injeera, Injera, Prograin, Staple Food, Teff, Teff Flour, Teff Seeds, Teff-Grain-Com, Tradition2 Comments on Teff-Flour Patent Belongs to Ethiopia: Sanction Roosjen and his businesses now!", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line589722"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.9323185086250305, "wiki_prob": 0.9323185086250305, "text": "Trade Union Left Forum Home / News / \u2018Keep Water Public\u2019 campaign seeks referendum date\n\u2018Keep Water Public\u2019 campaign seeks referendum date\nF\u00f3sa is one of the unions that has formed the coalition behind the \u2018Keep Water Public\u2019 campaign. Launched at the end of October, the campaign calls on the Government to confirm a date for a constitutional referendum on the public ownership of water services. The campaign is supported by F\u00f3rsa, SIPTU, Unite, Connect and the Irish Congress of Trade Unions.\nSpeaking at the campaign launch, ICTU president and F\u00f3rsa general secretary, Kevin Callinan, said the campaign to name the date for a referendum represented a shared commitment by trade unions to ensure the future of public ownership of water services: \u201cIt\u2019s time now to end any lingering uncertainty about the future of water services in Ireland. A referendum would give people the opportunity to have their say, in addition to providing us all with a unique opportunity to safeguard public ownership of water for future generations.\n\u201cIn that sense, there should be no further hesitation, and we are urging the Government now to name the date. In doing so, it would be taking a welcome and positive step,\u201d he said.\nPublic ownership of water services ensures safe and sustainable access to water for everyone.\nAssistant general secretary Catherine Keogh, who has been working closely with F\u00f3rsa members in local authorities providing water services, has said the feeling among members is very strong: \u201cThey want the Government to name the date for a referendum, to clearly indicate when we can expect to cast a vote to protect the future of our water services. That feeling is universal, so I expect we\u2019ll see strong support for this campaign,\u201d she said.\nF\u00f3rsa\u2019s head of Local Government Richy Carrothers said the unions had come together to maximise participation in the campaign by union members: \u201cPrivatised water services result in higher costs and poorer services for the public. Public ownership of water services ensures safe and sustainable access to water for everyone.\n\u201cA referendum would help protect Irish water services from any future attempt at privatisation, providing a constitutional guarantee of public ownership. Opinion polls show that a huge majority of the Irish public want a referendum to ensure water services can never be privatised.\n\u201cWe\u2019re inviting all union branches and members to take part in this campaign by signing the petition and talking to their local political representatives about naming a date for this important referendum.\n\u201cThis is the kind of grassroots campaign that unions excel at, and I\u2019m confident that F\u00f3rsa members will seize the opportunity to get this message across to the Government parties,\u201d he said.\nYou can sign the petition here and F\u00f3rsa members are encouraged to circulate the link among work colleagues, friends and family to seek their support for the campaign.\nThere\u2019s never been a better time to join a union, and it\u2019s never been easier. Join F\u00f3rsa today.\nNovember 3rd, 2022 by TU Left Admin | Type: Standard", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1425395"}
{"pred_label": "__label__cc", "pred_label_prob": 0.5648167729377747, "wiki_prob": 0.43518322706222534, "text": "Library Home \u00bb Light Page \u00bb The role of the constitutional court of Russian-federation in annexation of Crimea-2014\nThe role of the constitutional court of Russian-federation in annexation of Crimea-2014\nThe doctrine of obligatory non-recognition provides that states are under an obligation not to recognise, through individual or collective acts, the purported statehood of an effective territorial entity created in violation of one or more fundamental norms of international law. This rationale underlies the Stimson Doctrine that was used as a justification for states not to recognise the annexation of the Baltic States by the Soviet Union. This rationale is also expressed in the International Law Commission\u2019s Article 41 of the Draft Articles on State Responsibility. The obligation is a norm of customary international law and aims at preventing that a violation of international law becomes validated by means of recognition. It contains a \u201cminimum resistance\u201d and \u201ca continuous challenge to a legal wrong\u201d. The obligation arises where a territorial entity has been created in violation of an erga omnes norm, especially by violating the prohibition of the use of force, by violating the right to self-determination, or by violating the prohibition of systematic racial discrimination.\nThe \u201cTreaty on the Accession of the Republic of Crimea to the Russian Federation\u201d was referred to the Constitutional Court on 18 March 2014 at 17:00.16 The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation issued a unanimous judgment (the opinion) on the constitutionality of this \u201cTreaty\u201d in less than a day after the \u201cTreaty\u201d was referred to it (actually within one night), i.e. 19 March 2014. 17 Such procedural expediency (dealing with the case actually per night) is not common for any Court, including the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, and raises a reasonable doubt about the independence of the Russian Constitutional Court in dealing with the requested opinion.\nOn-the-role-of-the-constitutional-court-of-the-Russian-federation-in-the-annexation-of-Crimea\nOn 21 March 2014, the Russian Federation annexed the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol. This occurred after a series of events which took place in less than a month, and in which the Russian armed forces were clearly involved. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation received a request for an opinion on the constitutionality of the treaty on the incorporation of Crimea on 18 March 2014, and issued its opinion on the very next day, on 19 March 2014. The annexation of Crimea was completed on 21 March 2014. The Court\u2019s opinion was a direct instrument facilitating the internal legalisation of the annexation of part of the Ukrainian territory, which is an international crime. That is an unprecedented event, since, for the first time in history, the whole constitutional court was used for the commission of the gravest international crime \u2013 the crime of aggression.\nInternational Consensus regarding the Illegality of the Annexation of Crimea\nThe occupation and annexation of Crimea were denounced by the international community as a grave breach of the ius cogens obligation of non-use of force (i.e. aggression). Such a breach triggers a corresponding international obligation erga omnes not to recognise the purported statehood of an effective territorial entity created in violation of the fundamental norm of international law, as well as not to recognise any territorial acquisition that is a result of that breach.\non-the-role-of-the-constitutional-court-of-the-russian-federation-in-the-annexation-of-crimeaDownload\nTags: 2014CE Constitutional Courts Russia\nPrevious: Constitutional Court of Ukraine initiates suspension of membership of Constitutional Courts of Russia and Belarus in WCCJ-04/03/2022\nNext: Remarks by Indian PM at 2nd India-Australia Virtual Summit-21/03/2022", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1781936"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.7478930354118347, "wiki_prob": 0.7478930354118347, "text": "Timeline: Trump's key decisions in Israeli-Palestinian conflict\nWashington, DC, USAUpdated: Sep 01, 2018, 11:15 PM IST\nFile photo of US President Donald Trump. Photograph:(Reuters)\nFrom the transfer of the US embassy to Jerusalem, to the halting of US aid to Palestinians, US President Donald Trump has made key moves in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.\nHere is a timeline of the key developments since 2017:\nSilence on settlements\nOn January 24, 2017, Trump's administration refuses to be drawn on whether he backs Israel's decision to approve 2,500 new settler homes in the occupied West Bank, the biggest project of its kind for years. \"He wants to grow closer to Israel,\" his spokesman says.\nFirst break with Palestinians\nOn February 15, welcoming Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to the White House, Trump halts Washington's quest for a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, saying he would back a single state if it led to peace.\nOn March 27 new US ambassador Nikki Haley promises an end to bias against Israel at the United Nations.\nTrump at Western Wall\nOn May 3, Trump hosts Palestinian leader Mahmud Abbas at the White House, saying of a Middle East peace agreement: \"We will get it done.\"\nOn May 22, Trump becomes the first sitting US president to visit the Western Wall in Jerusalem's Old Town. Netanyahu announces new US military aid.\n'Alleged' occupation\nIn September, US ambassador to Israel David Friedman, a longtime friend and advisor of Trump, angers Palestinians by downplaying the Israeli occupation of the West bank.\nOn December 6 Trump says \"it is time to officially recognise Jerusalem as the capital of Israel\", breaking with the policies of his predecessors and provoking criticism worldwide.\nPalestinians express rage. Palestinians have since refused all contact with the American administration, and no longer accept the United States as a peace mediator.\n'Slap of the century'\nOn January 14, 2018 Abbas denounces White House peace efforts as \"the slap of the century\".\nOn January 16 Washington holds back $65 million, more than half of what that had been earmarked for the UN relief agency for Palestinian refugees, UNRWA.\nWashington says its move is not linked to tensions over Jerusalem, but it further heightens tensions with the Palestinians.\nOn January 25, Trump accuses Palestinians of disrespecting the United States after it snubbed Vice President Mike Pence during his visit to the Middle East.\nHe threatens to withhold aid worth hundreds of millions of dollars until they accede to US-brokered talks.\nUS embassy in Jerusalem\nOn March 5 Trump hosts Netanyahu at the White House and says US-Israel ties have \"never been better\".\nOn May 14, the transfer of the US embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem coincides with a bloodbath in the Gaza Strip, where about 60 are killed from Israeli fire.\nOn June 1 the United States vetoes a UN draft resolution calling for protection measures for the Palestinians and on June 19 announces its withdrawal from the United Nations Human Rights Council over its alleged bias against Israel.\nHalt to US aid\nThe United States announces on August 24 it has cancelled more than $200 million in aid for the Palestinians in the Gaza Strip and West Bank, then on August 31 decides to end funding for UNRWA, saying the organisation was \"irredeemably flawed\".\nUS shuts down major ransomware network Hive, helping almost 300 victims\nUN survey shows opium production in Myanmar surged to a nine-year high in 2022", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1637087"}
{"pred_label": "__label__cc", "pred_label_prob": 0.7079442143440247, "wiki_prob": 0.29205578565597534, "text": "Equal Education Submits Recommendations for the Proposed National Development Plan\nThe Equal Education Law Centre (EELC) on behalf of Equal Education (EE) has submitted a commentary on the National Planning Commission\u2019s (NPC) Proposed National Development Plan, Vision for 2030 (the Plan).\nEE welcomes that the Plan identifies improving the quality of education as one of the highest priorities in South Africa. It is promising to see that the Plan emphasises the role that education can play in building social cohesion and promoting national unity. Improving the quality of education across the country will be fundamental in eliminating poverty and reducing inequality over the next two decades.\nThe Plan acknowledges that inadequate school infrastructure continues to plague the education system. It calls for the infrastructure backlogs to be addressed so as to meet the \u201cbasic infrastructure and equipment standards set by the National Department of Basic Education\u201d. However, the Plan\u2019s call to address the lack of basic infrastructure appears to be founded on the mistaken belief that binding \u201cbasic infrastructure and equipment standards\u201d exist and have been set by the Department. EE recommends that the Plan call for the enactment of binding regulations governing minimum norms and standards for school infrastructure as the first step in addressing the school infrastructure crisis. The Plan should also set its own vision of what facilities should be provided to learners. EE\u2019s recently launched court case against Angie Motshekga has highlighted the Departments failure to set binding norms and standards. Without such norms and standards, any proposal to remedy South Africa\u2019s school infrastructure crisis will fail to prove successful.\nThe Plan has highlighted the plight of rural schools in South Africa. Rural schools continue to endure the consequences of chronic poverty and a critical shortage of qualified teachers. The difficult working environments often found in rural schools result in teachers leaving these posts and discourage teachers from taking up these posts. The Plan suggests that teacher bursary schemes be \u201cstrengthened and expanded\u201d and measures be put in place to ensure \u201cgraduates are immediately absorbed into schools\u201d. However, the Plan is silent on how to attract quality teachers to rural schools. EE recommends that an incentive structure should be introduced that sufficiently incentivises teachers to take up and continue to stay in rural teaching posts. These could include increased remuneration and accommodation and travel allowances.\nEE values the opportunity to assist the NPC in shaping South Africa\u2019s national planning strategy as it relates to the improvement of basic education. EE believes that if its recommendations are incorporated, the Plan will go a long way towards achieving the 2030 vision of quality education for all.\nEE\u2019s submission can be found online.\nFor more information please contact Lisa Draga (EELC Attorney) on 072 650 0214 or Yoliswa Dwane (EE Head of Policy, Communication and Research) on 072 342 7747\nCarla GoldsteinEqual Education Submits Recommendations for the Proposed National Development Plan 06.12.2012", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1118517"}
{"pred_label": "__label__cc", "pred_label_prob": 0.6957842707633972, "wiki_prob": 0.3042157292366028, "text": "Now, so what?\nSo you believe in God, big deal, what are you going to do about it?\nIn a recent interview in Rolling Stone Magazine, Bill Gates was asked about many things \u2014 his involvement in his foundation to better our world, his return to Microsoft\u00ae as their chief technology advisor, and then a surprise question. \"Do you believe in God?\" Here's his answer that Rolling Stone printed:\nI agree with people like Richard Dawkins that mankind felt the need for creation myths. Before we really began to understand disease and the weather and things like that, we sought false explanations for them. Now science has filled in some of the realm \u2014 not all \u2014 that religion used to fill. But the mystery and the beauty of the world is overwhelmingly amazing, and there's no scientific explanation of how it came about. To say that it was generated by random numbers, that does seem, you know, sort of an uncharitable view [laughs]. I think it makes sense to believe in God, but exactly what decision in your life you make differently because of it, I don't know.\nThis question grabbed my attention for many reasons. My wife and I just returned from Asia. We were there for many reasons, but one of them involved a young Chinese woman precious to us. She was struggling to truly believe that God was really there for her. The question also grabbed my attention because I know that many influential people are going to be chatting, Tweeting, and Facebooking about what Gates said.\nFor this precious young lady, three key messages of Genesis chapters 1 and 2 were important for her to consider and ultimately believe:\nScience really can't answer the source or origin for matter and energy \u2014 something to which Gates alludes in his interview. Genesis says matter, energy, and life go back to the Creator and his desire to create.\nScience has a hard time coming up with a plausible answer about order out of chaos since everything in our world suggests that chaos devolves from order \u2014 entropy rules. Genesis claims that God brought order, specificity, and purpose out of chaos.\nHumanity wonders if there is anything that sets us apart from all other creatures \u2014 and yes, we are creatures (created beings) according to Scripture, but those in whom resides the image of God (Genesis 1:26-27). Genesis says God made us to have relationship with us and for us to have relationship with each other.\nWhile we have found all sorts of things to argue about in these first two chapters of the Bible, those three claims that lie behind Genesis chapters 1 and 2 are powerful messages \u2014 really startling claims \u2014 that God is behind everything that matters and that is precious to our lives as humans.\nFor this young woman so precious to us, each of these was a bit hard to grasp since she was raised to not believe in any religion \u2014 that things happened \"naturally.\" The only problem was, \"naturally\" could only take you so far and then you were left with your own leap of faith to believe something happened somehow, to start everything we know and bring order out of the mess it began with, and then somehow we ended up as people... all by random chance and accident, with no clear way of knowing how it all began \u2014 a beginning without the Beginning-Maker, order without the Orderer, and creation without the Creator.\nHowever, the statement Gates shared that intrigued me most is this one:\nI think it makes sense to believe in God, but exactly what decision in your life you make differently because of it, I don't know.\nThis question is the question I wish more of us who say we believe in God \u2014 and believe his incarnation in Jesus \u2014 would ponder. It's the \"Now, so what?\" question that I've spent the last 37 years of ministry trying to get people to ask for themselves.\nWe live in a time of interior religion \u2014 very much a part of our Western culture individualism. We also live in a time when religious people are basically told, \"Be nice, stay out of the way, and please keep our mouths shut in public.\" So I will be a bit of a contrarian, or at least a thought-provoker, within my own cultural tribe, the God-believers. I challenge us to ask that \"Now, so what?\" question a lot more and let our answer make an intentional difference in how we choose to live. Too many of us are running around spouting our opinions about all sorts of things. What I'd like to see more is what an old professor of mine used to call \"putting your life where your mouth is.\"\nSo you believe in Jesus? Well, that's good, \"Now, so what?\" How do you live differently? How do you show the Jesus lifestyle in your own life? Oh, you haven't really read much of Jesus' story, you are just going by what you heard from someone else or thought you already knew? Hmm. Wouldn't it be good to go read a little about what Jesus said and did since we are given four different accounts of his life, words, and teaching? Then after spending some time with Jesus, start asking \"Now, so what\" about...\nthe way you treat your spouse?\nthe way you treat your kids?\nthe way you treat your employees or boss or coworkers or managers or...?\nthe way you choose how you spend your money?\nthe way you choose to look at people of different cultures and races?\n\"I think it makes sense to believe in God and I've made these changes and set these goals for my life.\"\nthe way you view truth, morality, goodness, and virtue?\nthe way you treat the poor, the disenfranchised, the left out, the voiceless, the vulnerable, the widow, the foreigner, the ill, your enemies, the old, and the young?\nThe \"Now, so what?\" question is the question begging to be answered \u2014 answered with changes in our lives because we believe Jesus stated and demonstrated the truth of God; truth we are going to do our best to live!\nWhy all this fuss? Why, Phil, is this such a big deal to you? Why burn a couple minutes of my life that I can never get back having me read this?\nBecause everything that matters in the end depends on what you and I do with our \"Now, so what?\" questions.\nHow do I know? Well, remember how Jesus ended his challenging teaching we call \"The Sermon on the Mount\"? It's the parable of the wise and foolish builder (Matthew 7:24-27). According to Jesus, the wise man whose house stood firm in the storm is the person who \"hears these words of mine and puts them into practice\" (Matthew 7:24). In other words, they ask the \"Now, so what?\" question and adjust their lives accordingly. And the foolish person? The one whose world can't stand up in the storm? Surely it's the one who doesn't believe, right? Not in this case. The foolish person according to Jesus is \"everyone who hears these words of mine and does not put them into practice\" (Matthew 7:26). Jesus' message goes in one ear and out the other. The message of Jesus never moves beyond data transfer. They never get around to asking the \"Now, so what?\" question.\nSo I want to challenge each of us \u2014 those of us who claim to follow Jesus \u2014 to ask the \"Now, so what?\" question. Let's go read a gospel* this next week. And then let's get practical with it. Let's ask the \"Now, so what?\" question as we read, remember, and think about Jesus' words and his example.\nSooner or later, we are going to need to be able to say, \"I think it makes sense to believe in God and I've made these changes and set these goals for my life because I learned them from 'Immanuel,' God with us\" (Matthew 1:23).\n* The four gospels are the first four books in the New Testament, called Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. They tell the story of Jesus' life from a little different point of view shared with people who had challenges that could be answered by the life, words, and example of Jesus.\nFrom 'Now What?' to 'What's Next'\nCreation Receives a Soul\nGod's Good Creation\n\"Now, so what?\" by Phil Ware is licensed under a Creative Commons License. Heartlight encourages you to share this material with others in church bulletins, personal emails, and other non-commercial uses. Please see our Usage Guidelines for more information.\nbelieve faith creation Creator Bill Gates atheist myths truth purpose meaning entropy Beginning-maker change transformation Sermon on the Mount put into practice", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1903846"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.9997307658195496, "wiki_prob": 0.9997307658195496, "text": "Some facts about June 02, 2023\nSome facts about June 02, 2023: It's Friday, 153 day of 2023, 22th week of 2023, 41.92% of 2023", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line542802"}
{"pred_label": "__label__cc", "pred_label_prob": 0.7103273272514343, "wiki_prob": 0.2896726727485657, "text": "Upside & Downside of Fracking\nThe Benefits of Fracking\nMany companies and individuals recognize the benefits of fracking, but there are also potential negative consequences, which will be discussed in the next section. This has led to a situation in which fracking is currently considered a controversial technique for extracting natural gas. While tapping into these vast resources is something many people are in favor of, the concerns center on what the process of fracking may be doing to the environment.\nHowever, there are many benefits of fracking and utilizing it to access these deposits of natural gas and oil. One of the benefits is the ability for the United States to extend its supply of natural gas, which is used in many aspects of the energy industry, including home heating. Of all the fossil fuels, natural gas is the cleanest to burn, the most efficient, and the least costly. For these reasons, many newly built electric generation plants are turning to natural gas for fuel, rather than coal, creating increased demand for natural gas.\nIn Focus: How Hydraulic Fracturing Works\nIn addition to the ability to extend and use this large supply of natural gas, fracking operations can help develop the communities where plays are located. For example, according to Chevron, operators of fracking wells at the Marcellus play in Pennsylvania, this play generated $11.2 billion in what Chevron calls, \u201cregional equivalent of gross domestic product,\u201d and it contributed $1.1 billion to state and local tax revenues. Chevron says Marcellus also supported nearly 140,000 jobs. Fracking has become a large industry, and some people estimate that there are currently more than a million fracking wells across the country.\nEnvironmental Concerns Related to Fracking\nAs with most types of energy drilling techniques, though, there are environmental concerns about fracking, and these concerns are increasing each year, due to more information coming to light about the effects fracking is having on local regions.\nThe most widespread concern people have with fracking techniques is that the groundwater used for residential drinking supplies will be contaminated due to leaking of the gas and chemicals used to extract it. In most wells, more than 99 percent of the fluids used are water and sand, some chemicals are added to aid in the flow of the natural gas. While the chemicals used can vary from well to well, the most commonly used chemicals include benzene, which is a known carcinogen. According to an article in Scientific American, the concern is not about a one-time fracturing operation, but multiple wells being built and operated multiple times in a geographic region. This more extensive fracking process increases the chances that groundwater will eventually become contaminated. Since no long-term studies have been conducted to evaluate fracking\u2019s long-term effects, there is also concern that over time, due to the amount of fissures introduced into the shale, that gas and contaminants will enter groundwater.\nThere is also a concern that fracking processes also utilize what can be very precious water resources for their operations. It takes between 2 million and 3 million gallons of water per well to operate them. Multiply that figure by hundreds of wells, and there is a huge quantity of water required. In 2011, almost the entire state of Texas was experiencing drought conditions. One of the largest shale plays is located in Texas. It was understandable for citizens to be concerned that these wells were utilizing a resource that was much needed by its residents and other businesses. Some fracking operations, such as the Marcellus play, are creating processes to recycle their wells\u2019 wastewater so that less water is consumed by each well.\nFracking Plays in the US\nHow Fracking Works\nBiggest Fracking Plays\nBiggest U.S. Fracking Plays\nShale Employment & Information Resources\nTop U.S. Shale Play Employers", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1793837"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.7554917931556702, "wiki_prob": 0.7554917931556702, "text": "Posted inGovernment & Politics, Opinion\nJim Brown makes interesting points; some are even his own\nby Mark Moseley May 9, 2011 November 7, 2019\nFormer Louisiana Insurance Commissioner Jim Brown hosts a radio talk show on a nationwide network of affiliates. He\u2019s also one of the most widely reprinted political commentators in the Louisiana blogosphere. From the Daily Kingfish to the Louisiana Conservative, from Bayou Buzz to various other outlets around the state, Jim Brown\u2019s columns have received significant exposure throughout the interwebs of our region.\nHis site boasts that his \u201csyndicated column appears each week in numerous newspapers and websites throughout the South.\u201d\nUnfortunately for those outlets, Jim Brown has repeatedly lifted text from other sources and inserted it into his syndicated commentaries without citation. That\u2019s plagiarism.\nI first got a whiff of it three years ago, when fellow blogger Greg Peters noted that one of Brown\u2019s columns borrowed \u201cgreat unattributed swaths\u201d of text from another source. At the time, I discounted the error as an example of shoddy scholarship, or a lack of familiarity with the pull-quote method of Internet commentary, in which quoted text is clearly marked or set off in a different format. But Brown was on my radar after that. And, over the years, whenever I\u2019d notice a change in narrative \u201cvoice,\u201d I\u2019d Google suspicious sentences from Brown\u2019s commentaries and find that they echoed someone else\u2019s work. These weren\u2019t accidents or mere coincidences, either. Brown\u2019s columns were always published subsequent to the strikingly similar texts. It was clear to me that Brown was repeatedly and intentionally borrowing directly from other sources.\nFrankly, I grew tired of seeing some of my favorite sites re-publish Brown\u2019s lifted work. I pointed this out in the comments at these sites, linking to the the lifted work, but was told to post my grievances elsewhere.\nI can do that. And I\u2019m not above admitting that this was motivated in part by good old-fashioned writer\u2019s block. The words were not flowing at all, and then I recalled Brown\u2019s tendency to lift text, and it inspired me to expose him.\nBelow is a sampling of texts that I believe were inappropriately lifted by Brown. By no means do I consider it an exhaustive list.\nIn his opinion column from Feb. 4, 2010 on the \u201cOregon approach,\u201d you\u2019ll see that Brown directly lifts from an op-ed by Dave Treibel at OregonLive.com published on Feb. 1, 2010. (Note that the last sentence in Treibel\u2019s excerpt forms the crux of the first sentence in the Brown excerpt.)\nThe attitude seems to be that politics is permanently entrenched in the toxicity of divisive partisanship, but bright ideas always trump cynicism. The new sleek iPad tablet is loaded with impressive, sophisticated technology that Apple\u2019s engineers have worked on for years. It\u2019s the kind of \u201cthinking ahead\u201d philosophy and culture that Steve Jobs and Apple nurture and are known for. The Oregon approach seems to be what an interesting challenge it would be if they could corral an equivalent level of ingenuity and talent available to Steve Jobs to solve some of the complex issues facing their state.\nTreibel:\nThe new sleek tablet is loaded with impressive, sophisticated technology that Apple\u2019s engineers have worked on for years. It\u2019s the kind of \u201cthinking ahead\u201d philosophy and culture that Steve Jobs and Apple nurture and are known for. I thought, \u201cWouldn\u2019t it be great if Obama could corral an equivalent level of ingenuity and talent available to Steve Jobs to solve some of the complex issues facing our country?\u201d\nAmerican politics seem permanently entrenched in the toxicity of divisive partisanship, but bright ideas always trump cynicism.\nI sent these excerpts to The Oregonian for review. After inspecting both posts, an editor at The Oregonian said (my emphasis):\nMy own view in looking at the two pieces is that the Brown piece is a straight-out lift from a piece by Dave Treibel in \u201cThe Stump\u201d by a blog on OregonLive.com. The Treibel piece is dated Feb. 1, 2010 and the Brown piece is dated several days later.\nI agree that it\u2019s a \u201cstraight-out lift.\u201d Unfortunately, it\u2019s one of many.\nIn the same post, Brown lifts quite dated and inaccurate information from a Los Angeles Times article published back in 2008. Brown says:\nIn many cases, the train runs right up the middle of the street \u2013 stations are literally on the curb.\nPortland officials also drew a square around downtown and declared it a \u201cfare less zone.\u201d If you ride the train or the bus only within that zone, it\u2019s free.\nAn identical passage from Steve Hymon\u2019s LA Times articlefrom Aug. 18, 2008 reads:\nIn many cases, the trains run right up the middle of the street \u2014 stations are literally on the curb.\nPortland officials also drew a square around downtown and declared it a \u201cfareless zone.\u201d If you ride the train or the bus only within that zone, it\u2019s free.\nI cataloged various other similarities in this Brown column to other sources here.\nAnother example comes from a Brown column from December 2010, where he wrote:\nFriedman\u2019s ideas were embraced by President Reagan and British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in the 1980s, and lauded by many in the business world. But they were also controversial because of the deep cuts in government spending and the more restricted role they entailed for government in buffering citizens from economic forces.\nAside from an added comma, those sentences are taken vebatim from this CNNMoney.com obituary of Milton Friedman published in 2006.\nHere\u2019s another example. Brown\u2019s July 8, 2010 column reads:\nOn TV cameras in the court room, that are presently prohibited, Kagan is for them. Good for her on this issue. Her colleagues have for years thrown up the hoary arguments the television would undermine the high court\u2019s \u201cethos\u201d and bring forth the justices\u2019 faces to C-Span-watching terrorists.\nAgain, he has swiped text and ideas from a Los Angeles Times editorial published a few days earlier on July 3, 2010:\nOne of the few subjects about which Supreme Court nominee Elena Kagan was forthright at her confirmation hearings was cameras in the high court. She\u2019s for \u2019em. Not for the hoary arguments that televising the court\u2019s proceedings would undermine its \u201cethos\u201d and introduce the justices\u2019 faces to C-SPAN-watching terrorists.\nHere are some excerpts from Jim Brown\u2019s column published on January 28, 2010:\nFor years, conservatives have argued that judicial restraint requires deferring to the choices of the elected branches of government. Statutes have been on the books since 1906 limiting corporate spending in federal election campaigns.\nThis same conservative court has for years limited free speech of government employees, students, and maintained a willingness to muzzle defendants through gag orders in criminal cases, but felt compelled to look out for corporate free speech. The message seems clear that conservative justices are happy to be activists when it serves their ideological agenda.\nNow look at this op-ed by UC Irvine professor Erwin Chemerinsky which appeared in the Los Angeles Times a week earlier. Note the similar passages as well as the sequence of ideas and argument:\nFor years, conservatives have argued that judicial restraint requires deferring to the choices of the elected branches of government. McCain-Feingold was a continuation of statutes that have existed since 1906 limiting corporate spending in federal election campaigns.\nThe conservative majority, which in recent years has dramatically limited free speech in other areas such as for government employees and for students was willing to expand the free speech of corporations. There is no way to see this other than as the conservative justices using judicial review to advance the traditional conservative ideological agenda.\nThe Los Angeles Times declined comment when I asked them about the similarities in these passages.\nThe sixth paragraph in this Jim Brown piece from August 19, 2010 reads:\nShortly after the Times story ran, conservative media personality Laura Ingraham interviewed Abdul Rauf\u2019s wife, Daisy Khan, while guest-hosting \u201cThe O\u2019Reilly Factor\u201d on Fox. In hindsight, the segment is remarkable for its cordiality. \u201cI can\u2019t find many people who really have a problem with it,\u201d Ingraham says of the mosque project, adding at the end of the interview, \u201cI like what you\u2019re trying to do.\u201d\nNow compare this excerpt from a Salon article published on Aug. 16, 2010:\nConservative media personality Laura Ingraham interviews Abdul Rauf\u2019s wife, Daisy Khan, while guest-hosting \u201cThe O\u2019Reilly Factor\u201d on Fox. In hindsight, the segment is remarkable for its cordiality. \u201cI can\u2019t find many people who really have a problem with it,\u201d Ingraham says of the Cordoba project, adding at the end of the interview, \u201cI like what you\u2019re trying to do.\u201d\nAgain, there\u2019s not even a hint of citation for any of the above excerpts. Brown just brazenly passes them off as his own. This pattern is too pervasive and frequent to be excused as accidental or isolated \u201clapses.\u201d Also, Brown has tweaked and modified the text enough to show that this is not merely a matter of sloppiness.\nThe above examples are only a sampling of instances where Brown has lifted text. I\u2019d bet the farm there\u2019s more.\nFrom what I\u2019ve seen, when Brown lifts text, it\u2019s usually only a few sentences, here and there. But it\u2019s still wrong to do this without attribution, especially if you are being widely re-published. (In fact, if you\u2019re using online search engines, the multitude of web sites that dutifully publish Brown\u2019s columns serve to camouflage the original work.) He doesn\u2019t do it in every paragraph, nor in every opinion piece. But he identifies himself as a writer, yet has repeatedly committed one of the biggest sins in writing.\nBrown\u2019s Wikipedia page says that \u201cThough his training is in law, his knowledge of Louisiana history and politics is seemingly unlimited. Brown sometimes teaches classes in Louisiana history, of which he is an undisputed authority\u2026\u201d\nHigh praise, indeed. And there seems to be some truth to that; most of the unattributed lifts occur when Brown is discussing national issues rather than Louisiana issues. Perhaps Brown is outside his comfort zone on these matters, or maybe he just gets lazy. Either way, it\u2019s wrong to swipe ideas and words from other writers. That\u2019s just common sense.\nGranted, these lifted quotes rarely form the heart of Brown\u2019s commentaries. They\u2019re just sprinkled around, here and there. They aren\u2019t the worst cases of intellectual theft I\u2019ve ever seen, but, then again, they don\u2019t have to be. Any intentional misappropriation of text is too much. It\u2019s unethical, and Brown knows better. After all, he is a writer, author, publisher, radio pundit, father of Campbell Brown, the a famous TV news reporter, and \u201cHall of Fame\u201d caliber ex-politician. This is a man who continues to claim he was wrongfully convicted of making false statements to the FBI, yet he needlessly harms his remaining credibility by stealing other people\u2019s work.\nBrown signs off on all his columns with the phrase \u201cPeace and Justice.\u201d Well, Brown does no justice to his sources when he uses their ideas and words without attribution. And if exposing this fact creates less peace for the numerous outlets which reprint his columns \u2013 so be it.\nMark Moseley blogs at Your Right Hand Thief. Until mid 2014, Mark Moseley was The Lens' opinion writer, engagement specialist and coordinator for the Charter Schools Reporting Corps. After Katrina and... More by Mark Moseley", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1201810"}
{"pred_label": "__label__cc", "pred_label_prob": 0.6841027140617371, "wiki_prob": 0.31589728593826294, "text": "Santa Rita Water Reclamation Facility\nAlternative Site Investigation: WWTP\nA New Wastewater Treatment Plant?\nAt the September 1, 2015 City Council Meeting, Council directed staff to amend the City's existing agreement with Mulhern, MRE and expand the scope of work to include a supplemental analysis of three privately owned parcels located on the eastside of the Animas River approximately 1.5 miles downstream of the existing Santa Rita Wastewater Treatment Plant Site. The results of this analysis are included in the attached report. WWTP Alternative Site Addendum (PDF) | Report Appendix A1 (PDF)\nIn June of 2015, City contracted with Mulhern, MRE for the purpose of evaluating the technical and financial feasibility and efficacy of relocating the City's wastewater treatment plant downstream of the current location. Mulhern recently completed the Santa Rita Wastewater Treatment Plant Alternative Site Investigation which outlines the findings from this analysis.\nFollowing a review of the Dewberry cost estimates associated with relocating the City's WWTP to an alternative location, City Council instructed the City Manager to commission a more detailed study of possible alternative sites and costs associated with locating the plant downstream of the High Bridge. As part of this process the City asked Mulhern to identify and evaluate two possible site locations; investigate in detail three infrastructure conveyance alignments to transport the wastewater to a new site; and to provide costs estimates for the total relocation including the costs of a new treatment plant, land acquisition, pipelines and all necessary pumping systems.\nThe costs comparisons from the Study for the rehabilitation and expansion of the plant at the Santa Rita Site versus the two alternatives are include in the below table. Details of this study are included in the attached report and outlined in the Mulhern's presentation given to City Council at the August 11, 2015 Study Session and presented at a Public Meeting held on August 12, 2015.\nMulhern's August 11 Presentation (PDF) | WWTP Alternative Site Investigation Report (PDF) | Report Attachment (PDF)\nA supplemental presentation given by City Manager, Ron LeBlanc at several public meetings regarding the site selection process is available here.\nCity Manager's Presentation (PDF)\nSanta Rita Park\nProject Construction Checklist\nComprehensive Interpretive Plan (PDF)", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1236860"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.915287435054779, "wiki_prob": 0.915287435054779, "text": "Former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe Shot During Speech\nFormer Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe was shot at a campaign address in western Japan on Friday and is now in heart failure, according to NHK public television.\nAccording to national network NHK and the Kyodo news agency, the former leader was giving a stump speech at a gathering before Sunday\u2019s upper house elections when what appeared to be gunshots were heard.\nAccording to a source from his ruling Liberal Democratic Party, Abe, 67, was bleeding from the neck when he slumped.\nLocal police and the LDP were unable to corroborate the reports quickly.\nBoth NHK and Kyodo stated that Abe had been transported to the hospital and seemed to be in cardiorespiratory arrest, a term used in Japan to indicate the absence of vital signs and usually occurs before a coroner formally declares someone dead.\nHe appeared to have been shot from behind, maybe with a shotgun, according to a number of media outlets.\nNHK provided no additional information; however, it was stated that a man had been captured.\nAbe, the longest-serving prime minister in Japan, was in power from 2012 to 2020 and again from 2006 to 2006.\nDuring Abe\u2019s address, an NHK reporter who was on the scene reported hearing two consecutive bangs.\nNHK, a local public network, initially reported that Abe had been shot during the address.", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1021369"}
{"pred_label": "__label__cc", "pred_label_prob": 0.5826426148414612, "wiki_prob": 0.4173573851585388, "text": "Dunkin Donuts Locations in Longwood, FL\nUnited States > FL > Longwood Dunkin Donuts Locations\n-81.327868 28.6923027\n801 E State Road 434\nFind Dunkin Donuts in Longwood FL the easy way.\nDunkin Donuts in Longwood FL is a doughnut company and coffee chain specializing in food and beverage. Dunkin Donuts was founded in 1950 by William Rosenberg in Quincy, Massachusetts and have headquarters in Canton, Massachusetts with more than 15,000 locations throughout the world.\nFind the nearest FL Longwood Dunkin Donuts location. Your comments and suggestions are always welcome, visit our About page for more information.\n\u2022 Dunkin Donuts in Florida City, FL \u2022 Dunkin Donuts in Leesburg, FL \u2022 Dunkin Donuts in New Smyrna Beach, FL \u2022 Dunkin Donuts in Lutz, FL \u2022 Dunkin Donuts in Wesley Chapel, FL \u2022 Dunkin Donuts in Sebastian, FL \u2022 Dunkin Donuts in Green Cove Springs, FL \u2022 Dunkin Donuts in Oviedo, FL \u2022 Dunkin Donuts in Belleair Bluffs, FL \u2022 Dunkin Donuts in Fort Myers Beach, FL", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1810935"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.7396606802940369, "wiki_prob": 0.7396606802940369, "text": "Home Vincent Bohanan and the Sound of Victory Choir\nVincent Bohanan and the Sound of Victory Choir\nMay 14, 2022 3:00 PM to 5:00 PM\nJoin us for an afternoon of uplifting and inspirational gospel music with Vincent Bohanan and the Sound of Victory Choir. Vincent Bohanan founded the choir in January of 2014. Highlights include recording with Grammy Award winning gospel artist Cece Winans, backing up P. Diddy during the 2015 NBA All-Star Weekend & Bad Boy Reunion Tour, as well as Mariah Carey\u2019s \u201cAll I Want for Christmas\u201d Tour.\nSOV has also been a featured choir for Bishop Hezekiah Walker\u2019s annual Resurrection Sunday Concert, sharing the stage with many celebrity gospel artists. The choir has been seen on The World Network for the Dorinda Clark Show. SOV has traveled across the US and has conducted a European tour twice. In 2017, after releasing their third single \u201cWe Win: The Kingdom Declaration\u201d which premiered at #1 on the Billboard\u2019s Single\u2019s Chart, SOV was nominated for two Stellar Awards in 2018. They also signed with Hez House Music Label, under the umbrella of RCA Records. Their latest release is the single \"Any Day Now\" which was followed by the album \"Live in Chicago\" in early 2021.\nThe choir provides young minorities who have experienced poverty-stricken circumstances or who feel alienated and rejected by society, to turn their lives around and through music share their transformation with all who will lend an open heart. The choir consists of 40-50 young singers and musicians who commute from across the New York City Metropolitan area and as far as NJ, CT, and the DMV area.\nThe Unity Choir of the Black Ministers\u2019 Association (BMA) of York, PA is comprised of dynamic voices and musicians from various ministries with the goal of enhancing the community through unification and song.\nEvent Type Live Music\nDate & Time May 14, 2022 3:00 PM to 5:00 PM", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1091691"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.5640589594841003, "wiki_prob": 0.5640589594841003, "text": "13 Aug 2006 Defamation as Tactic: Promoting Global Warming Alarmism by Misleading Readers\nPosted at 11:04h in Articles, Blog, Environment and Enterprise Institute, Global Warming by Amy Ridenour\nI offer here a case study in the way journalists serve the cause of global warming alarmists \u2014 in this particular case, by claiming scientists are associated with the fossil fuel industry using \u201cevidence\u201d even a superficial investigation would have rendered void, and by misleading readers in other ways.\nIn June, columnist Tom Hennessy of the Long Beach Press-Telegram wrote a laudatory column about Al Gore\u2019s movie, \u201cAn Inconvenient Truth.\u201d Two readers whose critical letters were published by the newspaper included the Australian scientist Dr. Bob Carter (letter published June 29), and Canadian scientist Dr. Tim Ball (letter published June 26).\nHennessy responded with another column, \u201cSense Wins in Heated Debate,\u201d published July 5, in which he ignored the substance of both scientists\u2019 letters, preferring instead to lead readers to believe two things for which he had scant-to-zero evidence: 1) both scientists had received funds from the energy industry, and 2) in exchange for these funds, the scientists have agreed to espouse views they otherwise would not.\nHennessy\u2019s July 5 column reads, in part:\nMy new best friend is reader Kevin Powell. He won me over with an e-mail which, in part, said this:\n\u201cSheeeeeesh! What\u2019s going on at the P-T editorial room? You write a nifty, inoffensive piece on Al Gore\u2019s new film and the anti-global warming dingbats explode with atomic force.\u201d\nPowell was referring to Tim Ball, retired University of Winnipeg climatology professor, and Bob Carter, a professor at Australia\u2019s James Cook University. Both wrote to the P-T last week, chastising me for suggesting that Gore\u2019s film and book, \u201cAn Inconvenient Truth,\u201d carries a message we should all consider.\nAsked reader Powell, \u201cIsn\u2019t the editorial board supposed to be on alert for that kind of thing and not let the P-T be used as part of a propaganda campaign?\u201d\nIt\u2019s a valid question. Hand in hand with industry polluters, Ball and Carter seem to be caught up in a movement to debunk Gore and global warming\u2026\nLet\u2019s start with the Australian global warming skeptic, Bob Carter. Melissa Fyfe, who writes for The Age, a Melbourne newspaper, notes that Carter is a member of the so-called Lavosier Group, a collection of global warming skeptics who are discredited by \u201cthe vast majority of scientists.\u201d\nDebunking climate change, says Fyfe, \u201chas also been taken up by right-wing think tanks, such as the Institute of Public Affairs,\u201d which \u201creceives funding from companies such as ExxonMobil.\u201d Carter et al., she writes, constitute a \u201csophisticated machine that has successfully created the impression that climate change science is mired in uncertainty.\u201d\nIn British Columbia, where skeptic Tim Ball lives in retirement, The Tee, an online publication, says \u201cExxonMobil has been astonishingly successful in delaying action on global warming for more than a decade.\u201d\nTyee also says Ball \u201cis in high demand by the front groups sponsored by the fossil fuel industry. Ball\u2019s particular niche is the argument that since 1940, the world\u2019s climate has actually been cooling.\u201d\nThe online publication says Ball is promoted by the National Center for Public Policy Research, which has received funding from ExxonMobil, and Tech Central Station, which is supported, by, among others, General Motors\u2026\nHennessy\u2019s not-so-subtle message: Dr. Carter has been bought by industry, therefore, his views should be disregarded. Hennessy, however, shows no evidence linking Carter to industry, let alone that Carter\u2019s views are for sale.\nHennessy\u2019s attack on Dr. Tim Ball caught my eye because Hennessy dragged this institution, the National Center for Public Policy Research, into the fray.\nDr. Ball\u2019s published letter to the Press-Telegram said, in part:\nI have seen the movie [An Inconvenient Truth] and, as someone with a doctorate in climatology, have studied the subject so long that when I began, the scientific consensus was that we were heading for another ice age. But Gore doesn\u2019t understand that consensus is not a scientific fact. It is also clear he doesn\u2019t understand how science works.\nThe global warming theory assumed carbon dioxide (CO2) traps heat in the atmosphere, and if it increases because of human additions to the total, then global temperature would rise. Unfortunately, environmentalists and people who saw human use of energy to develop technology and industry as wrong saw it as an opportunity to undermine Western development and civilization.\nThey politicized the issue and converted a scientific theory to a fact. Scientists like myself who tried to ask questions were called skeptics or more recently deniers with all the holocaust connotations.\nThe real inconvenient truth is that the fundamental assumption that CO2 causes warming has proven incorrect. Not only is the human portion not the cause, but CO2 itself is not the cause of global warming or climate change. Ice core records covering 420,000 years show temperature changing before CO2, not the other way around as implied by Gore.\nIn the 20th century most warming occurred before 1940, when production of CO2 was low. From 1940 to 1980, global temperatures went down while human addition of CO2 increased most dramatically. Since 1998 global temperatures have declined while human production of CO2 continues to increase.\nI would gladly sit down with Mr. Hennessy and go through Gore\u2019s movie, scene by scene, and explain how it is distorted, taken out of context or otherwise manipulated.\nTim Ball\nOn July 7, I wrote to Tom Hennessy, for reasons the letter makes clear:\nDear Mr. Hennessey-\nVia Google, I happened upon your July 5 commentary, \u201cSense Wins in Heated Debate.\u201d\nWith all due respect, isn\u2019t it just a bit misleading to report that \u201c[Dr. Tim] Ball is promoted by the National Center for Public Policy Research, which has received funding from ExxonMobil\u201d? This makes it appear as though Dr. Ball received cash from us, and by extension ExxonMobil, when in fact all we did was reprint a small amount of his writing on one of our websites.\nBy that standard, every newspaper that publishes an op-ed by an outside pundit is a \u201cpromoter\u201d of the pundit, and the pundit becomes associated with the beliefs and practices of the newspaper\u2019s advertisers.\nGoogle also reveals that Dr. Ball has had his writing published in a number of newspapers. Are they \u201cpromoters\u201d as well? I wouldn\u2019t be surprised if some of those papers have from time-to-time run ads for the fossil fuel industry, or, perhaps, from automakers. Horrors.\nAs it happens, Dr. Ball has never received a penny from us, and our support from ExxonMobil amounts to less than one percent of our budget. This leaves Dr. Ball with zero percent of less than one percent. Not much! Yet, apparently, worthy of note in the press.\nEven though I\u2019ve never met, talked to, or otherwise communicated with Dr. Ball, I know he has extensive scientific expertise. Possibly his ideas should be evaluated on their merits, instead of on the basis of his supposed association with us?\nAmy Ridenour\nThe National Center for Public Policy Research\nHennessy\u2019s response:\nDear Ms. Ridenour\nThe next time you \u201chappen upon\u201d one of my columns, via Google, I hope you will read it more carefully than you did the last one. You wrote:\n\u201cWith all due respect, isn\u2019t it just a bit misleading to report that \u2018{Dr. Tim} Ball is promoted by the National Center for Public Policy Research, which has received funding from ExxonMobil.'\u201d\nThat comment did not originate with me. It came from the Tyee, an online publication based in British Columbia. The sentence clearly attributed the thought to the online publication. I assume you have written to them as well.\nYou also said, \u201cAs it happens, Dr. Ball has never received penny from us\u2026\u201d I never said he did.\nSince you seem to present yourself as something of an expert on climate change, I assume you are well aware that Dr. Ball\u2019s views are among a minority in the scientific community.\nAlthough we seem to be on opposite sides re this change, I appreciate your having written me to share your views.\nTom Hennessy, Columnist\nPress-Telegram, Long Beach, Ca\nI responded, somewhat less cordially:\nDear Mr. Hennessey,\nThank you for your reply. I appreciate it.\nI hope my reference to \u201chappening\u201d upon one of your columns was not taken as an insult, as none was intended. If I lived in your area of the country, I am sure I would be a subscriber and a regular reader.\nAs to the column we are discussing, I read it quite carefully, several times, and again after reading your recent correspondence. I am unable to draw any conclusion other than that you intended to undermine Dr. Ball\u2019s credibility as an honest scientist after a letter by him disagreeing with you was published by your newspaper.\nYou refer to Dr. Ball and another scientist, Dr. Bob Carter, as acting \u201chand in hand with industry polluters\u201d and say \u201csome readers appear to have been taken in by them.\u201d\nYou use juxtaposition to imply a connection between Dr. Ball and ExxonMobil: \u201cIn British Columbia, where skeptic Tim Ball lives in retirement, The Tyee, an online publication, says \u2018ExxonMobil has been astonishingly successful in delaying action on global warming for more than a decade.'\u201d Whether ExxonMobil has been successful in influencing public policy in British Columbia actually says nothing about Dr. Ball, but a casual reader will infer from your construction that the two are connected.\nYou further write: \u201cTyee also says Ball \u2018is in high demand by the front groups sponsored by the fossil fuel industry\u2026\u2019\u201c In the Tyee, author Donald Gutstein identifies two organizations as having received \u201cpolicy briefings\u201d by Dr. Ball. These, presumably, are the \u201cfront groups.\u201d The first is one of the most respected think-tanks in the world, the 32-year-old Fraser Institute, which receives one percent of its funding from ExxonMobil. It is best known internationally for its work on health care and economics. According to its website, Dr. Ball spoke there in 2005 and co-wrote a paper for them in 2004 on \u201climitations that hinder the usefulness of climate models.\u201d The other \u201cfront group\u201d is the Frontier Centre for Public Policy, which, according to its website, receives less than 20 percent of its income from all corporate sources combined, and which does not appear to consider energy policy/climate change among its top priorities. Based on a search of their website, its one connection to Dr. Ball is that he delivered a lecture there in 2004.\nThe best that can be said in your favor is that these facts paint a far more nuanced picture than what your readers learned from you after you chose to run an unchallenged quote that Ball \u201cis in high demand by the front groups sponsored by the fossil fuel industry.\u201d\nA more factual description more likely is that, over a two-year period, a retired academic spoke once time each to two of Canada\u2019s most prestigious think-tanks, and co-wrote a paper for one of them. I can understand why this latter formulation would not strike a propagandist as a good way to undermine Dr. Ball\u2019s professional credibility, but the fact that the Tyee\u2019s formulation was stretched beyond reason should have been obvious to a professional journalist, if that professional journalist was doing any fact-checking whatsoever.\nThen your article asserts a connection between our group and Dr. Ball: \u201cThe online publication says Ball is promoted by the National Center for Public Policy Research, which has received funding from ExxonMobil\u2026\u201d I explained why this is simply silly in my earlier e-mail to you. In your reply, you essentially disavowed responsibility, blaming Donald Gutstein\u2019s article in the Tyee for any errors, as that was your source.\nI am unwilling to let you off the hook so easily. Donald Gutstein and the Tyee misled its readers, but you misled yours. First, you used juxtaposition and implication to undermine a scientist\u2019s reputation for honesty. Then you found and quoted another columnist who was doing the same thing \u2014 tarring a man\u2019s reputation by misleading readers. You had the choice of checking the Tyee\u2019s facts, and apparently did not take it (let us hope that you did not). Yet, it is your professional responsibility to check your facts. You write a professional column for a significant newspaper. When you write about serious issues, your readers expect more fact-checking than they would from a drunken sophomore posting his personal views for his frat buddies to read on MySpace. They didn\u2019t get it. Depending on the sophomore, they may have gotten less.\nYou could have picked up the telephone. You could have done something even easier, and Googled the terms \u201cTim Ball\u201d and the name of our group. The #1 entry when one does this is a May 3, 2006 blog post by me demonstrating the unreliability of Donald Gutstein\u2019s Tyee article. Likewise, a joint search for \u201cTim Ball\u201d and \u201cDonald Gutstein\u201d brings up the refutation of the Gutstein piece in #1 position. Even \u201cTim Ball\u201d and \u201cExxonMobil\u201d will do it, or \u201cTim Ball\u201d and \u201ccoal.\u201d\nI realize this e-mail may be considered harsh, but imagine how your column made your targets feel.\nColumnist Tom Hennessy did not respond to my second e-mail. I checked the Long Beach Press-Telegram later to see if a correction or clarification had been run to acknowledge that the Press-Telegram, through a staff column, had defamed two scientists, but I found no acknowledgement or apology.", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1904875"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.6967706084251404, "wiki_prob": 0.6967706084251404, "text": "The Minnesota State system is the largest single provider of higher education in the state of Minnesota and the third largest system of colleges and universities in the United States. The system includes 37 state colleges and universities (30 colleges, 7 universities and 54 campuses) spanning across 47 Minnesota communities serving more than 340,000+ students annually.\nMinnesota State Colleges and Universities offer 3,885 academic programs, including 802 fully online programs. Minnesota State Colleges and Universities also deliver 13,500 customized training, occupational and professional classes to businesses and other employers.\nSouth Central College is a Minnesota Community and Technical College with campuses in North Mankato and Faribault. South Central offers a variety of educational opportunities including: Associate of Arts, Associates of Applied Science, Associates in Science, diplomas and certificates.\nSouth Central College is leading the way in business partnership for gainful employment, manufacturing, and applied research. South Central College has an excellent Center of Business and Industry that provides credit and non-credit continuing education and training for businesses, non-profits and government agencies.\nMinnesota West Community and Technical College\nMinnesota West is a comprehensive community and technical college with five campuses in Minnesota: Canby, Granite Falls, Jackson, Pipestone and Worthington. Minnesota West also has centers in Fairmont, Luverne, Marshall and Redwood Falls.\nStudents at Minnesota West have the opportunity to earn an Associate\u2019s Degree, diploma or certificate in over 60 disciplines.\nSouthwest Minnesota State University is located in Marshall, MN. On July 1, 2014, SMSU permanently established the School of Agriculture. The School of Agriculture is a part of SMSU's College of Business, Education and Professional Studies.\nSouthwest Minnesota State University is a four-year public university offering a high quality education in the liberal arts and professions to prepare you for a life that is successful both personally and professionally. SMSU has grown into a university of choice with high national rankings, producing scholars who become the leaders, thinkers, and entrepreneurs of the future. Students and faculty alike come here to engage in the rich \"Southwest Experience,\" which starts with strong academics, fulfilling social opportunities and support from fellow Mustangs.\nRiverland Community College has campuses in Albert Lea, Austin, and Owatonna. Riverland has six new agricultural programs including Precision Agriculture, Food Science, Food Science Technology, Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology, and Agribusiness. These programs join Riverland\u2019s established Farm Business Management program, one of the college\u2019s most popular programs.\nRiverland Community College is dedicated to our students, our mission, and our communities.\nMinnesota State University, Mankato is a four-year public university in Mankato offering degrees and programs across a wide variety of majors. Minnesota State-Mankato is a place where big ideas become real-world solutions that have a positive impact across Minnesota.\nRochester Community and Technical College\nRochester Community and Technical College is located in Rochester, MN and provides accessible, affordable, quality learning opportunities to serve a diverse and growing community.\nRochester Community and Technical College will be a universal gateway to world class learning opportunities.\nDakota County Technical College\nDakota County Technical College is located in Rosemount, MN and endeavors to serve students within nearby communities, as well as those coming from countries around the world. The majority of students work toward degrees and diplomas in a variety of programs to prepare them for employment.\nDCTC has become a leader in delivering sustainable technologies, service-learning opportunities, and community engagement into the curricula of most programs.", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line767860"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.8308677673339844, "wiki_prob": 0.8308677673339844, "text": "How to Watch All Thirteen (!) <i>Halloween</i> Movies In Order\nHow to Watch All Thirteen (!) Halloween Movies In Order\nMichael Myers simply will not die.\nBy Justin Kirkland\nImagine being a cool girl, just trying to live your life in Haddonfield, Illinois. It's fall, and my God, you love fall. You offer to do your dad (a realtor in town trying to sell a house) a favor by dropping off a key at one of his properties. Of course, it just so happens that at the same time, the boy who used to live there sees you, remembers everything about you, and then tries to kill you. This is why you should never do anyone any favors.\nThis is the start of the Halloween franchise, for you non-Michael Myers heads in the room. (Which is based on a true story, FYI.) Though, I suppose you should have been tipped off to the multi-film run by the headline of this article. You're here because you're searching out how to watch Halloween the right way, which is understandable. It's a stellar seasonal film that should be in the top 10 of any slasher movie fan. (It certainly is in ours.) But when you get into the details of the Halloween franchise, you'll quickly learn that there aren't just a couple of sequels. There are thirteen films in total. A full baker's dozen. And there are more planned! To what end, Michael Myers? TO WHAT END?\nSomething important to know: not all Halloween films are created equal, and thus, we take no responsibility for the time you will inevitably waste if you choose to watch Halloween: Resurrection. That's on you. But for the hell of it, let's explore all 13 and their respective timelines because, yes\u2014you bet your ass there's multiple. (Need more gore? Check out the best zombie flicks ever next.)\nIt's the OG. The indisputable GOAT of the franchise. The film introduces us to Laurie, who seemingly gets mixed up with Michael Myers at random (more on that in a minute). He begins to stalk her, intent on killing her, but as the multiple movies suggest, Laurie doesn't go down without a fight. Of all the scream queens out there, Jamie Lee Curtis is the one to beat.\nPicking up almost directly where the first left off, Michael and Laurie square up again\u2014this time, ending in an all out hospital brawl. And while neither of them make it out unscathed, the fate of a central figure comes to a close... for now.\nHalloween III: Season of the Witch\nFor purists, this film is garbage, largely because it doesn't even feature Michael Myers. For horror fans, it's become a cult favorite as the single standalone film in the franchise. There's witchcraft, Stonehenge, and commercials. Make of that what you will.\nLike, well, most fourth installments (except Land Before Time, which is a perfect franchise), Halloween 4 will leave you feeling deflated. As the title suggests, it does feature the return of Michael Myers, but it spends most of its time chasing the high of the first film with little to no effectiveness.\nHalloween 5: The Revenge of Michael Myers\nGood for Donald Pleasance for, presumably, working a multi-film deal into his contract.\nHalloween: The Curse of Michael Myers\nTo be frank, we're still on the downward slope here, but Donald Pleasance returns as Dr. Loomis, offering a bit of consistency. This one also features Paul Rudd playing Tommy, the boy Laurie Strode babysat in the first film.\nGreat news: the timeline starts over with Halloween H20, which is an objectively terrible name for a subjectively decent movie. Following the events of 1981's Halloween II, the film brings back Jamie Lee Curtis, alongside a list of upcoming actors from 1998. Michelle Williams! Josh Hartnett! Joseph Gordon Levitt! I mean, LL Cool J is here, too. This is a party.\nHalloween: Ressurection\nMichael Myers is beheaded (and survives). Laurie Strode is thrown off a building (and dies\u2014after 24 years in the franchise??). Make it make sense!\nRob Zombie really said, \"I'm going to take this concept and just create my own universe.\" Classic Rob. A bit of a reimagining based on the original, Halloween manages to give Michael Myers a bit more backstory (and falls heavily on Laurie Strode being Michael's sister), but truly had no chance of unseating the original.\nFor some reason, Octavia Spencer and Weird Al Yankovich are in this sequel. That's all I can remember because the rest of my mind is absolutely drenched in all the blood and gore that outweighs the rest of the movie.\nIn the 2018 reboot, Myers and Strode face off one more time. Reworking the timeline, this Halloween only incorporates the first film into its timeline. All these years later, Laurie is still vexed by Michael knowing he's out there, though her family thinks she's nuts. That's fine... until he actually does show up again.\nFollowing up on the massively successful reboot from 2018, Halloween Kills surpassed expectations and made over $131 million at the box office. Though it appeared that Myers was quite literally toasted in that house fire, he is back and Laurie Strode has someone on her side that she's never had before: Judy Greer.\nWill Halloween truly end in the upcoming finale to David Gordon Green's latest Michael Myers trilogy? We doubt it! But that hasn't stopped Jamie Lee Curtis from touting her last appearance in the horror series as the \"final reckoning.\"\nJustin Kirkland Writer Justin Kirkland is a Brooklyn-based writer who covers culture, food, and the South.\n19 Facts You Didn\u2019t Know About Deadpool\nWhen Will James Cameron Let Us Stream Avatar?\nWe Need an Academy Award For Best Animal Actor\nYour Lord and Savior 'M3GAN' Is Streaming\nThe Most Anticipated Documentaries of 2023\nSteven Spielberg Says 'The Dark Knight' Was Robbed\nCheck Out These Vintage Awards Show Photos\n'Dungeons & Dragons' Looks Deliciously Batshit\nPaul Mescal's Family Is Hyped About His Oscar Nom\nThere's One Way You Can Right Tom Cruise's Snub", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line909991"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.9458049535751343, "wiki_prob": 0.9458049535751343, "text": "Man gets 9 years in prison for plane sex assault\nDetroit \u2013 An Indian man living in the U.S. on a work visa was sentenced to nine years in prison Thursday for sexually assaulting a sleeping woman during an overnight flight to Detroit.\nPrabhu Ramamoorthy was in a middle seat sitting next to the victim while his wife was in an aisle seat on a Spirit Airlines flight from Las Vegas last January. The 23-year-old victim said he unzipped her pants, unbuttoned her shirt and molested her with his hands.\nProsecutors asked for a sentence of nearly 11 years, but U.S. District Judge Terrence Berg settled on a nine-year term. He said he hoped it would be \u201cgrave enough\u201d to deter others from committing similar crimes.\nA jury convicted Ramamoorthy in August . He will be deported to India after serving his sentence.\nThe victim, a model, declined an opportunity to speak in court. She watched the hearing from the first row with her boyfriend and a support dog.\nAt trial, she testified that she woke up during the flight and \u201csaw his hands inside me.\u201d She said she felt \u201cpetrified, frozen.\u201d\n\u201cEveryone has the right to be secure and safe when they travel on airplanes. \u2026 We appreciate the victim in this case for her courage to speak out,\u201d U.S. Attorney Matthew Schneider said.\nRamamoorthy, 35, has lived in suburban Detroit since arriving in the U.S. on a work visa in 2015. He and his wife were returning to Detroit on the Las Vegas flight after a trip to the Grand Canyon.\nSpeaking through a Tamil interpreter, Ramamoorthy said he didn\u2019t want to make a statement before getting his sentence. The judge noted a lack of remorse but acknowledged that Ramamoorthy had a right to stay silent.\nDefense attorney James Amberg asked for a prison sentence of less than 10 years. He said the conviction will bring \u201csevere and lifelong consequences\u201d to Ramamoorthy and his wife when they return to southern India.\n\u201cHis life is effectively over,\u201d Amberg told Berg.", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1517322"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.9697936177253723, "wiki_prob": 0.9697936177253723, "text": "Home News Boudica is NOT a terrorist: Supreme Court rules Celtic warrior queen is a 'national hero' in modern-day mock trial... nearly 2000 years after she sacked three Roman cities and left '80,000 dead' during brutal rampage\nBoudica is NOT a terrorist: Supreme Court rules Celtic warrior queen is a 'national hero' in modern-day mock trial... nearly 2000 years after she sacked three Roman cities and left '80,000 dead' during brutal rampage\nAs queen of the Iceni tribe, she burnt London to the ground and was responsible for the deaths of 80,000 civilians.\nBut yesterday, Boudica was acquitted in a 'trial' at the Supreme Court of having committed terrorist acts against a 'rotten and illegitimate Roman government' nearly 2,000 years ago.\nThe female warrior led the Iceni's revolt against occupying Roman forces from AD60-61 after they reneged on a deal to let her people rule themselves.\nShe is also believed to have been flogged and her daughters raped.\nThousands of members of the tribe marched from their home in what is now Norfolk to ravage the Roman cities of Camulodunum (Colchester), Londinium and Verulamium, which was near what is now St Albans in Hertfordshire.\nIn her trial, which was run by the education charity Classics for All and involved QC lawyers, the warrior queen was 'charged' under the Terrorism Act 2000.\nHowever, by a margin of ten to one, the 50-strong jury accepted that the atrocities committed by Boudica and her people were justified acts of self-defence, The Times reported.\nAfter she was acquitted, judge Lord Justice Stephens said Boudica was free to leave 'without any stain on your character and remain as a national symbol of an inspirational hero'.\nAs queen of the Iceni tribe, she burnt London to the ground and was responsible for the deaths of 80,000 civilians. But yesterday, Boudica was acquitted in a 'trial' at the Supreme Court of having committed terrorist acts against a 'rotten and illegitimate Roman government' nearly 2,000 years ago\nRoman historian Tacitus described the subsequent march on the three ancient cities, saying that Boudica's tribe targeted places where 'loot was richest and protection weakest'\nShe was accused of using 'action involving serious violence against persons, namely the inhabitants of Camulodunum, Londinium and Verulamium.'\nThe indictment added that her action was designed to 'influence the government of Rome or to intimidate the public or a section of the public, for the purpose of advancing a political or ideological cause, namely Iceni dissidence and secession.'\nThe prosecution, which was brought on behalf of the 'Senate and People of Rome', was led by high-flying QC Alison Morgan.\nShe was the leading counsel in the case of Khairi Saadallah, who murdered three men in a terrorist attack in Reading last year.\nMorgan reportedly urged the jurors not to 'buy the hype'. She said that whilst the Romans had flogged the queen and raped her daughters after the death of her husband, Prasutagus, 'that cannot justify an act of mass murder'.\nHowever, defence lawyer Thomas Grant QC called Boudica a 'brave woman' who had been a victim of Roman 'propaganda'.\nIn her trial, which was run by the education charity Classics for All and involved QC lawyers, the warrior queen was 'charged' under the Terrorism Act 2000\nThe indictment added that her action was designed to 'influence the government of Rome or to intimidate the public or a section of the public, for the purpose of advancing a political or ideological cause, namely Iceni dissidence and secession.' Above: The trial held at the Supreme Court yesterday\nThe REAL story behind 'The Last Duel': How warring knights... Ex-Bishop of Rochester converts to Catholicism after...\nAfter she was acquitted, judge Lord Justice Stephens (left) said Boudica was free to leave 'without any stain on your character and remain as a national symbol of an inspirational hero'. The prosecution was led by high-flying QC Alison Morgan and the defence were represented by Thomas Grant QC (right)\nHe added that he was 'confident' the jury would 'do justice to a Briton' because her actions were the only 'conceivable response' to the Romans' actions.\nBefore his death, Boudica's husband had been ruler of the Iceni people. The Romans had allowed him to continue as king, ruling on their behalf.\nHe made a deal with the Romans that when he passed away, his heirs would be his two daughters and the Roman Emperor Nero.\nPrasutagus hoped that he could this way preserve his kingdom and his family fortune.\nBut when he died, the Romans decided to rule the Iceni directly and confiscated the property and estates of his family, as well as allegedly abusing Boudica and her own children.\nThe Roman historian Tacitus described the subsequent march on the three ancient cities, saying that Boudica's tribe targeted places where 'loot was richest and protection weakest'.\n'They could not wait to cut throats, hang, burn and crucify, as though avenging, in advance, the retribution that was on its way,' he added.\nTheir major military victory came in Camulodunum, where they destroyed the city's Roman colony, including much of the famous Ninth Legion \u2013 which later disappeared entirely from the historical record.\nBoudica and her forces then forced the Roman Governor of Britain, Paulinus to evacuate London, which was also destroyed. An estimated 70,000 people were killed there.\nAfter they went on to also destroy what is now St Albans, Paulinus collected 10,000 troops and lured the Britons into battle. Whilst the exact site of the conflict is unknown, it is believed to have been somewhere in the Midlands.\nThe Britons gathered in huge numbers, and their 'confidence was so great that they brought their wives with them to see the victory, installing them in carts stationed at the edges of the battlefield', according to Tacitus.\nThe warrior is said to have addressed her group from the back of a chariot, showing them her bruised body and her violated daughters.\nTactitus records that her speech ended with the words: 'Win this battle or perish. That is what I, a woman, plan to do. Let the men live in slavery if they will.'\nHowever, the historian claims that more than half of the British army were women, with the outcome being an easy Roman victory.\nTacitus says that around 80,000 Britons were killed, whilst the Roman side lost 400 men.\nBoudica is said to have poisoned herself to avoid capture.\nTheir major military victory came in Camulodunum, where they destroyed the city's Roman colony, including much of the famous Ninth Legion \u2013 which later disappeared entirely from the historical record\nThe Roman general Gaius Suetonius Paulinus defeated Boudica and her forces in battle. Above: The status of Paulinus at the entrance to the Roman Baths in Bath, Somerset\nHowever, the Roman senator Cassius Dio \u2013 who wrote a mammoth history of Rome \u2013 put the number of slain Romans at 80,000.\nHe added that the shame was made worse because 'all this ruin was brought about by a woman'.\nDio also claims that the final battle was far from an easy victory, it was ultimately very close.\nHe said that the Britons mourned the loss of Boudica 'deeply and gave her a costly burial. But feeling that now at last they were really defeated, they scattered to their homes.'\nHer trial on Thursday was the sixth held by Classics For All. Previous trials have featured the Greek philosopher Socrates and Brutus, one of the assassins of Julius Caesar.\nThe charity was founded in 2010 with the aim of reversing the decline in the teaching of the ancient world and the take-up of its languages, such as Ancient Greek and Latin, in state schools.\nIt has gone on to work with nearly 100,000 pupils in 1,000 schools and trained more than 3,000 staff to teach the subject.\nTHE BOUDICCAN REVOLT\nThe Boudiccan Revolt raged from 60-61AD and saw British tribes, under Boudicca of the Iceni, unsuccessfully try to defeat the Roman army.\nBoudicca was Queen of the Iceni people, a British tribe who lived in what is today Norfolk and parts of Suffolk and Cambridgeshire.\nHer name is an early for of the more commonly known name 'Victoria'.\nHer husband, Prasutagus, was ruler of the Iceni people, and the Romans allowed Prasutagus to continue as king, ruling on their behalf.\nBut, when Prasutagus died, the Romans decided to rule the Iceni directly and they confiscated the property of the leading Iceni families.\nThe Romans are also said to have stripped and whipped Boudicca, and raped her daughters.\nThe Boudiccan Revolt raged from 60-61AD and saw British tribes, under Boudicca of the Iceni, unsuccessfully try to defeat the Roman army. Above: Statue of Boudica at Thames Embankment in Central London\nThe subsequent revolt began in Camulodunum (Colchester), where they destroyed the city's Roman colony, including much of the famous Ninth Legion \u2013 which later disappeared entirely from the historical record.\nBoudica is NOT a terrorist: Supreme Court rules Celtic warrior queen is a 'national hero' in modern-day mock trial... nearly 2000 years after she sacked three Roman cities and left '80,000 dead' during brutal rampage Reviewed by free heip on October 15, 2021 Rating: 5", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line658130"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.6563815474510193, "wiki_prob": 0.6563815474510193, "text": "Events | UCalgary Alumni\nAlumni Culinary Experience\nAlumni Exclusive Tours\nClass of 2022: Enterprising student pinpoints promising regions for future geothermal projects in Alberta\nSustainable energy development grad Gordon Brasnett visualizes the most economically viable sites\nDavid Hedley, Advancement\nGordon Brasnett presents the highlights of his geothermal research at the downtown University of Calgary campus in September. David Hedley, Advancement\nDeep beneath the Earth\u2019s surface lies an almost endless supply of energy. Gordon Brasnett remembers even as a child being intrigued by the possibilities. \u201cFamily camping trips where we visited hot springs in Alberta and B.C. probably reinforced this interest,\u201d he says.\nToday, as the world looks for ways to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels, geothermal energy holds great promise as an alternative, especially in western Canada. But tapping the resource won\u2019t be easy or cheap. Brasnett, a geophysicist who graduates this fall with a Master of Science in Sustainable Energy Development (SEDV) from the School of Public Policy at the University of Calgary, tackled a big question: Where in Alberta are the most economically viable locations to build new geothermal projects?\nHis answer, created as a capstone research project toward his degree, includes a publicly available, interactive model that considers the economic viability of particular areas across Alberta for future geothermal development. His visualizations draw on a matrix of data sources, such as pioneering research by University of Alberta scientist Dr. Jacek Majorowicz, who estimated the drilling depths required to reach progressively hotter geothermal sources.\nMapping the potential for future projects\nBrasnett\u2019s interactive model looks at all of Alberta, illustrating the geothermal depths yielding temperatures between 40\u00b0C and 80\u00b0C \u2014 for direct-heating uses such as warming buildings or greenhouses \u2014 and temperatures between 120\u00b0C and 150\u00b0C \u2014 hot enough to generate electricity as well as ambient heat.\nHe continues: \u201cThe regions with the highest gradients and therefore the shallowest estimated depths to 120\u00b0C are found west of Zama City, east of Rainbow Lake, and north of Rimbey. The estimated depths to reach 120\u00b0C in these areas are in the range of 2,250 to 2,800 metres.\u201d\nFinding an optimal geothermal location means balancing other factors too, such as: distance to where heat energy can be used, up-front costs of drilling and construction, and opportunities to generate future revenue. \u201cMy model showed that the regions with the highest gradients may not necessarily be the cheapest areas to develop for a project, as they may be too far from existing roads, transmission lines, and customers to use heat. As a result, the model showed that areas closer to Grande Prairie, Fox Creek, and Lacombe may be developed more economically for a 120\u00b0C project.\u201d\nBrasnett hopes his map helps spark conversations and inspire site-specific feasibility studies by remote municipalities and other early geothermal adopters. \u201cIn my opinion, the early adopters of geothermal projects will be people who need large quantities of heat, but who don\u2019t want the greenhouse gas emissions or price uncertainty associated with burning hydrocarbons.\n\u201cThis could be people developing district heating systems for warehouses, industrial parks, office parks, campus spaces, greenhouses, or residential buildings.\u201d\nMap shows the rate at which subsurface temperatures change as a function of depth. Yellow, orange and red regions get hotter faster, with subsurface temperatures in the range of 35-50\u00b0C at a depth of 1000m, compared to the green and blue regions.\nCapstone project by Gordon Brasnett. Click on the map to see the online interactive model.\nNew engine for economic growth\nAlberta has a successful history of applying innovation and technology to resources such as agriculture and the oilsands. Brasnett believes geothermal energy can grow into a new economic engine.\nHis interest in the field led him to study in UCalgary\u2019s multidiscipinary SEDV program, offered through the School of Public Policy, Haskayne School of Business, Schulich School of Engineering, School of Architecture, Planning, and Landscape, and Faculty of Law. In the 16-month professional master\u2019s program, SEDV students learn about energy systems, both current and future, through the lenses of technology, policy, business, and social impact. Students in the program build skills in collaboration, teamwork, communication, and research, enabling them to advance their careers across the energy sector. The emphasis is on developing energy projects that maximize social and economic benefits, and minimize negative environmental impacts.\nStudents like Brasnett are watching closely as the first large-scale geothermal projects take shape. For example, the Alberta No. 1 Geothermal Energy Project, a partnership developed by Terrapin Geothermics near Grande Prairie, will contribute clean geothermal energy to the grid while supplying heat for local industry. The Indigenous-led Tu-Deh-Kah partnership near Fort Nelson, B.C., is developing geothermal heat from a depleted natural gas field to support electricity, agriculture, and other local initiatives. The Latitude 53 project by Novus Earth Energy near Hinton focuses on renewable energy and food security. Calgary-based Eavor Technologies is testing its ultra-deep, closed-loop geothermal drilling system near Rocky Mountain House.\nOpening new doors\nThe SEDV program opened new doors for Brasnett. The research capstone project is a core part of the curriculum, where students apply concepts learned in the program to a real-world question, in partnership with industry, NGOs, government, and academic partners. His research project was supported by the Mitacs Business Strategy Internship program. His supervising professor was Dr. Roman Shor, director of the Energi Simulation Centre for Geothermal Systems Research at UCalgary. For the project they collaborated with Dr. Catherine Hickson, CEO of the Alberta No. 1 Geothermal Energy Project.\n\u201cThere are a lot of interesting pilot projects around the world today that may kick off a flurry of development throughout the 2020s in countries where geothermal is still a new technology,\u201d Brasnett says. \u201cI\u2019m optimistic that Alberta can be a leader in this space given the geoscience, engineering, drilling skills, and technologies that the oil and gas sector has developed over the past 60-plus years.\u201d\nThinking about your next career move? Start with UCalgary\u2019s interdisciplinary MSc in Sustainable Energy Development and join the next generation of energy leaders in just 16 months! Learn more\nEntrepreneurial UCalgary grads make an impact in health care, culture, law, business, the environment, and more. Read more stories about Class of 2022 students.\nA note for soon-to-be UCalgary Alumni! As you prepare to transition from student life, we encourage you to check out our Life Kit for Recent Grads \u2013 custom built to inform you about the programs, benefits and services available to you as a member of the UCalgary alumni community.\nClass of 2022: Law\u2019s role in environmental protection inspires UCalgary grad\nClass of 2022: From UCalgary main campus to Munich\nClass of 2022: Nursing grad drawn to help the vulnerable and bring change to addictions and mental health research\nClass of 2022: Imagine living in a futuristic apartment suspended above a Calgary parking lot\nClass of 2022: Badly injured engineering student refused to let crosswalk collision detour his dreams\nIt\u2019s official! UCalgary installs its 15th chancellor\nstudents in profile\nSign up for UToday\nDelivered to your inbox \u2014 a daily roundup of news and events from across the University of Calgary's 14 faculties and dozens of units\nYour personal information is collected under the authority of section 33(c) of the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, and is required for updating your email subscription preferences. If you have any questions about the collection or use of this information, please visit our Access to Information page.", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line63175"}
{"pred_label": "__label__cc", "pred_label_prob": 0.7466211318969727, "wiki_prob": 0.25337886810302734, "text": "Home Construction Law Michigan Freeland\nFreeland Construction Lawyers\nSaginaw, MI Construction Law Attorney with 17 years of experience\n(989) 399-7575 4800 Fashion Square Blvd\nConstruction, Animal and Personal Injury\nChicago-Kent College of Law, Illinois Institute of Technology\nEric Steinberg graduated from the University of Michigan with a Bachelor in Business Administration in 2001. After graduating, he worked as a financial consultant in Chicago. Not satisfied with spending his days in the financial field, Eric turned to the law. He attended the Chicago-Kent College of Law and earned a law degree in 2006. While receiving his legal education, Eric worked in the employment discrimination law clinic at Chicago-Kent, helping victims of discrimination receive just compensation and peace of mind. Eric joined the Law Offices of Lee B. Steinberg, P.C. full time in 2006. As a member of the Michigan...\nW. Jay Brown\nMidland, MI Construction Law Attorney with 24 years of experience\n(989) 486-3676 414 Townsend, Suite 201\nConstruction, Business, Collections and Real Estate\nOriginally a teacher, W. Jay Brown became a lawyer in 1998 and has been in practice in the Great Lakes Bay Region ever since. Mr. Brown graduated first in his law school class and joined Midland\u2019s largest law firm as a litigation associate. While with the firm, Mr. Brown embarked on his litigation career and was soon promoted to member of the firm. In 2009, W. Jay Brown left the law firm to start his own practice based on his vision for the practice of law \u2013 where technology and innovation are leveraged to provide clients superior customer and...\nMr. Denis J McCarthy\nCaro, MI Construction Law Attorney with 31 years of experience\n(989) 672-0999 429 North State Street\nCaro, MI 48723\nFree ConsultationConstruction, Criminal Defense, Personal Injury and Real Estate\nMichigan State University College of Law\nBrandon Fraim\nFlint, MI Construction Law Attorney\n(810) 733-2050 2377 S. Linden Rd.\nConstruction, Appeals, Business and Real Estate\nMark J. Newman\nFlint, MI Construction Law Attorney with 26 years of experience\n(810) 733-0579 5085 Miller Rd\nConstruction, Business, Real Estate and Tax\nMichael Zamzow\nGrand Rapids, MI Construction Law Lawyer with 9 years of experience\n(616) 965-2621 300 Ottawa Ave NW, Suite 220\nConstruction, Business, Energy and Real Estate\nMichael Zamzow is primarily an attorney litigator. This means his practice focuses on lawsuit proceedings in front of the court, also known as a trial lawyer. Mr. Zamzow advises his clients on complicated litigation to defendants and plaintiffs. These topics include construction issues, breach of contract matters, including the uniform commercial code and common law. He has years of experience representing clients in courthouses across Michigan.\nMr. Zamzow also provides clients and attorney from other jurisdictions local counsel representation and support in Michigan.\nMr. Zamzow also represents clients as general counsel on civil matters. These matters include business formation, negotiations, real property...\nLaura McMahon Lynch\nGrosse Pointe Farms, MI Construction Law Lawyer with 39 years of experience\n(313) 885-6697 21 Kercheval Ave\nConstruction, Business, Probate and Real Estate\nFor over 25 years, Laura McMahon Lynch has earned a reputation as a highly respected Real Estate litigator, as well as a compassionate, driven Estate Planning attorney. Using her 11 years of experience as both a Special and Assistant Attorney General defending the State of Michigan, Laura aggressively represents clients in a wide range of litigation including real estate title disputes, construction lien foreclosure as well as complex contract-based lawsuits. She has become the confidant of countless clients who continue to trust her sensitivity and discretion. Laura is a certified Facilitative Mediator for the 3rd Circuit Court of Michigan. She has...\nReese Serra\nRochester, MI Construction Law Lawyer with 11 years of experience\n(248) 840-3139 805 Oakwood Dr Ste 101\nFree ConsultationConstruction, Business, Communications and Real Estate\nThomas M. Cooley Law School\nMr. Serra concentrates his practice on tirelessly representing the needs of Michigan businesses and business owners. Reese Serra has counseled businesses ranging from a wide variety of industries with an expertise in representing technology clients of all sizes.\nAs a civil litigator, Mr. Serra has procured victories for his clients at all levels of State and Federal courts, including numerous successful appeals.\nMr. Serra focuses his practice in the areas of real estate matters, business and financial transactions, including: mergers, acquisitions and reorganizations of business entities; complex commercial and real estate lending and restructuring transactions; international business transactions; real estate sale...\nStuart M. Feldheim\nFarmington Hills, MI Construction Law Attorney with 47 years of experience\n(248) 737-0700 30300 Northwestern Hwy\nConstruction, Medical Malpractice, Personal Injury and Workers' Comp\nUniversity of Cincinnati College of Law\nStuart M. Feldheim has lived and worked in metro Detroit for almost four decades. He specializes in personal injury, medical malpractice, workplace injury, products liability, and premises liability claims. Mr. Feldheim has extensive experience representing injured claimants. He has practiced in the field of personal injury since graduating from the University of Cincinnati College of Law and obtaining his Juris Doctor in 1976.\nMr. Feldheim opened his own firm in 1992. He helps injured people in both Michigan and Ohio, as he is licensed to practice before the state courts and Federal District Courts of both states. Mr. Feldheim is...\nSean Patrick Murphy\nFarmington Hills, MI Construction Law Lawyer with 8 years of experience\n(248) 686-3861 34705 W. Twelve Mile Road\nFree ConsultationConstruction, Business, Probate and Real Estate\nUniversity of Detroit Mercy School of Law\nSean is currently the founder of the Murphy Law Firm PLC. He is licensed to practice law in the State of Michigan and the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan. Sean was named a Super Lawyers' Rising Star every year since 2019, and he was named a DBusiness Top Lawyer in 2019 and 2022. Sean graduated from Western Michigan University with a Bachelor of Business Administration in Economics and Business Administration. After Western Michigan, Sean went on to graduate from the University of Detroit Mercy School of Law, graduating summa cum laude and first in his class....\nMichael Simon\nFarmington Hills, MI Construction Law Lawyer with 33 years of experience\n(800) 533-3733 30500 Northwestern Highway\nConstruction, Insurance Claims and Personal Injury\nMichael Simon earned a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration from Wayne State University in 1987 and his law degree from Thomas M. Cooley Law School in 1990. While receiving his college and graduate education, he remained active in numerous organizations, including the Helenic Bar Association and the Delta Theta Phi Law Fraternity. After obtaining his law degree, he worked as a law clerk at the U.S. Attorney\u2019s office, the Department of Justice in Grand Rapids and later at several metropolitan law firms. As a Trial/Litigation attorney, he has dedicated himself to the representation of persons who have been seriously injured...\nFranci Silver\nConstruction, Animal and Social Security Disability\nFranci Silver graduated from Oakland University, with a degree in Political Science. After graduating Oakland University, she attended the Detroit College of Law, receiving her Juris Doctorate in 1988. She immediately went to work for a personal injury law firm before coming to work for the Law Offices of Lee B. Steinberg in 1991. During her law practice, she has obtained several jury verdicts and awards against numerous defendants. Ms. Silver specializes in social security disability (SSD) appeals, helping numerous clients obtain SSD awards after initially being denied by the Social Security Administration. She also specializes in premises liability law and...\nHolland Locklear\nDetroit, MI Construction Law Lawyer with 5 years of experience\n(833) 424-4466 607 Shelby Street\nFree ConsultationConstruction, Animal, Arbitration & Mediation and Personal Injury\nWayne State University Law School\nHolland Locklear has represented thousands of clients and won millions of dollars on their behalf. A native son of metro Detroit, he is fiercely devoted to his community, which drives him to zealously represent their interests in court. Holland gained expertise while working for the Detroit region\u2019s top civil litigation firms. Holland has successfully litigated automobile accidents, wrongful terminations, discrimination, police and government misconduct, civil rights, dog bites, premises liability, contract disputes, landlord/tenant disputes and more. Holland is a graduate of Wayne State University Law School. In law school, Holland served on the boards of the National Lawyers Guild, Student...\nEvan A. Burkholder\nDearborn, MI Construction Law Lawyer with 51 years of experience\nExt. 955 290 Town Center Drive\nDearborn, MI 48126\nConstruction, Appeals, Asbestos and Business\nThe George Washington University Law School\nMr. Burkholder heads the LeClairRyan Detroit office and has over 30 years of trial experience in business litigation, wrongful death actions, catastrophic injury cases, design defect cases, and product recall actions. He has represented architects, engineers and accountants in professional liability actions and has defended insurers in first party policy (fire, all risk property or business interruption) cases, as well as bad faith and excess liability claims. He has worked on complicated construction projects, representing design-build firms. He has defended pharmaceutical companies in medical device cases, ethical drug litigation and in generic drug registration litigation. His toxic tort experience includes...\nPaul Callam\nAnn Arbor, MI Construction Law Lawyer with 41 years of experience\n(734) 995-9908 2723 South State St.\nConstruction, Business and Real Estate\nVanderbilt University Law School\nPaul A. Callam is the owner and principal attorney in the Law Office of Paul A. Callam, PLC, located in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Mr. Callam\u2019s practice is concentrated in the areas of business organizations, contracts, including IT and licensing agreements, franchise agreements, commercial disputes, construction and real estate development issues. Mr. Callam has been practicing law for over 25 years. He divides his practice between counseling businesses in all phases of development, and litigation and arbitration of disputes.\nZacharia Spencer Bonham\nOkemos, MI Construction Law Lawyer with 10 years of experience\n(517) 381-2663 4121 Okemos Rd., Suite 10\nFree ConsultationConstruction and Immigration\nMy practice is focused on Immigration Law. I represent clients seeking family-based petitions, asylum, special immigrant juvenile visas, naturalization, obtaining Provisional Waivers for Unlawful Presence, preparing documents for consulate interviews, removal proceedings, and the appellate process. I have represented clients in Immigration Court, the Board of Immigration Appeals, and the U.S. Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals.\nRobert J. Gavin\nStanwood, MI Construction Law Attorney with 14 years of experience\n11313 Troon Drive\nStanwood, MI 49346\nFree ConsultationConstruction, Estate Planning, Municipal and Real Estate\nDePaul College of Law\nRobert Gavin is the Senior Associate at Shifman & Carlson, P.C. He has been practicing law since 2008, and was named a Super Lawyers Rising Star in 2015, 2018, and 2019. He was also listed by DBusiness Magazine as a Top Lawyer in the Metro Detroit Area for Public Finance Law in both 2014, 2017, and 2018.\nRob brings a wide variety of skills and a diverse background to bear for his clients, including his experience with contract negotiation, employee issues, construction issues. Rob's undergraduate degree is in engineering, which has also been useful to clients during construction issues and in...\nRobert Gardella\nBrighton, MI Construction Law Lawyer with 30 years of experience\n(810) 220-4200 134 N. First Street\nFree ConsultationConstruction, Business, Personal Injury and Real Estate\nLee Steinberg\nConstruction, Animal, Medical Malpractice and Personal Injury\nLee Steinberg graduated from Wayne State University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1967. After graduating Wayne State University, he taught in the Detroit School System while going to night school at the Detroit College of Law. After graduating from the Detroit College of Law, he worked for personal injury firms before opening his law practice 1976. Lee has obtained substantial jury verdicts and awards against defendants, both local and national including British Petroleum, the City of Detroit and numerous insurance companies. He also tried cases in the State of Texas and obtained the first medical malpractice verdict in San...\nJohn A. Ruemenapp\nBingham Farms, MI Construction Law Lawyer\n(248) 258-2700 30100 Telegraph Rd\nBingham Farms, MI 48025\nConstruction, Arbitration & Mediation, Business and Real Estate\nUniversity of Michigan Law School and Wayne State University Law School\nPatrick Drueke\nGrand Rapids, MI Construction Law Lawyer with 24 years of experience\n(616) 235-5175 161 Ottawa Ave NW\nFree ConsultationConstruction, Business, Municipal and Real Estate\nI am a shareholder at Rhoades McKee, P.C. I help individuals and businesses facing real estate disputes, land development challenges, condemnation, real estate transactions and construction matters achieve their objectives through a defined and realistic strategy. I can provide a detailed understanding of the emerging legal issues in green building and the LEED rating system. I am the only attorney in West Michigan that has achieved the LEED Accredited Professional (LEED AP) designation through the United States Green Building Council, and an environmental certification from Green Advantage\u00ae. I understand the issues faced by those individuals and businesses in the real...\nJohn Brennan\nEastpointe, MI Construction Law Attorney\n(586) 778-0900 22805 Kelly Rd.\nFree ConsultationConstruction, Business, Divorce and Real Estate\nPracticing since 1976 serving businesses, professionals and individuals in all aspects of the law. Decades of experience in all aspects of the law and life generally with the philosophy that the goal is swift and economical dispute resolution, by an agreement if possible and through litigation if necessary.\nSeth Seidell\n(248) 413-6117 805 Oakwood Drive, Suite 202\nFree ConsultationConstruction, Business, Employment and Social Security Disability\nSeth was born and grew up in Northern Michigan. Prior to and while going to college he worked in the construction field with a general contracting firm. He received his Bachelor of Arts Degree in Political Science from Oakland University in 1992. He received his Juris Doctorate (Cum Laude, Law Review) from Thomas M. Cooley Law School in 1997. During law school, he clerked for a mid-sized, full service law firm as well as for the Michigan Attorney General\u2019s office. He began his law career working for a short period of time for both a construction and asbestos litigation firm....\nPeter J. Cavanaugh\nRoyal Oak, MI Construction Law Lawyer with 27 years of experience\n(248) 543-8320 1027 S. Washington Ave.\nFree ConsultationConstruction and Business\nMy practice is concentrated on business and construction law matters, including litigation of contract, construction lien and payment bond claims. I represent owners, design professionals, contractors, subcontractors, and suppliers. I also represent clients who specialize in water and wastewater construction.\nMatthew N Morrow\nFarmington Hills, MI Construction Law Attorney with 7 years of experience\n(800) 757-1681 37887 West Twelve Mile Road\nConstruction, Business, Estate Planning and Real Estate\nUniversity of Miami School of Law, Michigan State University College of Law and Michigan State University\nAdam J. Sheridan\nConklin, MI Construction Law Lawyer with 18 years of experience\n(616) 304-0987 1706 Coolidge Street\nConklin, MI 49403\nWith over eighteen years' experience in both law firm and large corporate environments, handling local, national, and international transactions of various types, I am able to assist clients in structuring and completing complex transactions while maintaining a personalized focus. Our firm appreciates each opportunity we have to learn a client's needs and provide customized solutions to the client's legal issues. I have substantial experience in real estate, corporate structure and governance, commercial contracts and procurement, mergers and acquisitions, estate and succession planning, and construction.\nRichard Delonis\nSouthfield, MI Construction Law Lawyer with 29 years of experience\n(248) 716-3600 29777 Telegraph Road\nKimberly Bowlin\nBrighton, MI Construction Law Attorney\n(810) 844-2520 10315 Grand River Rd\nMs. Bowlin concentrates her practice in corporate/small business, real estate, and construction law. She is a leading practitioner in the areas of construction liens, land use development, zoning, and condominium association law. She is a 1995 graduate of the University of Detroit Mercy School of Law and received her undergraduate degree from James Madison College at Michigan State University. Prior to founding this law firm, she specialized in municipal and public corporation law, representing several village, townships, and cities in Livingston and Oakland County.\nMichael Bartnicki\nPlymouth, MI Construction Law Attorney with 31 years of experience\n(734) 455-1320 134 N Main St\nPlymouth, MI 48170\nConstruction, DUI & DWI, Family and Traffic Tickets\nMiller & Bartnicki, P.C., is a small firm that provides individuals throughout southeastern Michigan with the personalized attention they need. We have 60 years combined experience and offer the comforting atmosphere you would expect from an established small firm in a small town.\nAreas of practice include construction litigation and liens, divorce, custody, visitation, child support, alimony, drunk driving, traffic tickets, contract disputes and corporate and LLC set ups.\nSanford J. Melder\nRoyal Oak, MI Construction Law Attorney\n(248) 541-3400 2304 E 11 Mile Rd\nConstruction, Bankruptcy, Personal Injury and Real Estate\nSanford J. Melder has helped thousands of people as an attorney. He was admitted to the State Bar of Michigan in 1974. He graduated from Wayne State University with a Jurist Doctor in 1973, and Wayne State University with a Bachelor of Science in 1968. Sanford J. Melder has practiced law for over 30 years, representing clients in legal matters including Family Law, Divorce, Adoption, Real Estate, Debt Collection/Debt Collection Defense, Wills, Trusts & Estate Planning, Asset Protection, Criminal Defense, Traffic Matters, Drunk Driving, Business Law and Personal Injury. Areas of Practice: Family Law Divorce Adoption Real Estate Debt Collection/Debt Collection Defense Wills, Trusts & Estate Planning Asset...\nPavol Fabian\n141 Ionia Ave NW Fl 2\nFree ConsultationConstruction, Business, DUI & DWI and Real Estate\nMr. Trevor A Stewart\nNorthville, MI Construction Law Lawyer with 9 years of experience\n(248) 912-0670 41000 West Seven Mile Road, Ste 230\nFree ConsultationConstruction, Arbitration & Mediation, Estate Planning and Real Estate\nOur attorneys have over 28 years of experience in serving our client's personal and business legal needs in several practice areas. We are fully committed to zealously protecting our client's interests through diligent representation.\nAlan Himelhoch\nGrand Blanc, MI Construction Law Attorney with 34 years of experience\n(810) 767-3600 G9460 South Saginaw Road\nGrand Blanc, MI 48439\nConstruction, Arbitration & Mediation, Business and Collections\nClifford Dovitz\nBloomfield Hills, MI Construction Law Lawyer with 40 years of experience\n(248) 758-2141 1750 S Telegraph Rd\nConstruction, Bankruptcy, Business and Collections\nJohn M. Freel\nTawas City, MI Construction Law Lawyer with 30 years of experience\n540 W Lake St\nTawas City, MI 48763\nConstruction, Insurance Claims, Insurance Defense and Personal Injury\nDavid Oppliger\nPort Huron, MI Construction Law Attorney\n(810) 966-1881 1111 Pine Grove Ave\nConstruction, Environmental, Personal Injury and Real Estate\nAttorney with over 25 years experience. Practice is located in Port Huron Michigan which is one hour north of Detroit on the shores of the St. Clair River and Lake Huron.\nMr. Denis C. Monahan\nTroy, MI Construction Law Attorney with 48 years of experience\nTroy, MI 48099-4328\nEleanor Cattron Smith\n(313) 961-1000 SOUTHFIELD, MI 48037\nConstruction, Bankruptcy, Business and Consumer\nRobert Giroux\nSouthfield, MI Construction Law Attorney with 29 years of experience\nFree ConsultationConstruction, Civil Rights, Medical Malpractice and Personal Injury\nRoger Quentin Hyde\nClinton Township, MI Construction Law Lawyer with 42 years of experience\n(586) 263-9380 42815 Garfield\nConstruction, Business, Personal Injury and Real Estate\nWide array of experience in 40 years of practice.\nConstruction Attorneys in Nearby Cities\nConstruction Attorneys in Nearby Counties\nThe Oyez Lawyer Directory contains lawyers who have claimed their profiles and are actively seeking clients. Find more Freeland Construction Lawyers in the Justia Legal Services and Lawyers Directory which includes profiles of more than one million lawyers licensed to practice in the United States, in addition to profiles of legal aid, pro bono and legal service organizations.", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line730090"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.9499750137329102, "wiki_prob": 0.9499750137329102, "text": "NBC\u2019s first borrower says Ryan knew he couldn\u2019t pay | business news\nKenneth Charity, a key witness in the bank fraud trial of former First NBC Bank CEO Ashton Ryan, said he racked up $18 million in bad loans from the bank before it collapsed, spending money on luxury cars, watches and renovations. on his $3 million Covington. he marries, while working with Ryan to hide that he couldn\u2019t pay.\nThrough the minutiae of Charity\u2019s testimony, along with loan forms and other documents, federal prosecutors tried to prove Friday that Ryan had known since 2011 that Charity was a bad businessman who spent the bank\u2019s money instead of using it on property remodeling and other businesses. offers\nFormer First NBC executive Ashton Ryan, Jr. walks to the US District Court in New Orleans for his trial on Tuesday, January 10, 2023. (Photo by Chris Granger | The Times-Picayune | The New Orleans Advocate)\nSTAFF PHOTO BY CHRIS GRANGER\nCharity, who already pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit bank fraud in a plea deal with prosecutors, was the latest in a series of prosecution witnesses during the first two weeks of Ryan\u2019s federal trial related to the $1,000 bank collapse. millions.\nMost of the witnesses so far have testified on variations on the same theme: that Ryan, despite knowing that the borrowers would not be able to repay their loans, allegedly kept that from his board.\nRyan\u2019s lawyers have tried to deny the claims, saying he was personally dealing with some of the bank\u2019s most troublesome customers and trying to keep them afloat.\nTestimony and cross-examination on Friday followed the same pattern.\nA benefactor relationship\nCharity described how he had entered into a business relationship with Ryan when First NBC was founded in 2006. He said that in the early years of their relationship, First NBC loaned him hundreds of thousands of dollars to buy houses for post-Hurricane Katrina renovations, he and Ryan developed a personal bond.\n\u201cI got to know Ryan very well and we were friends,\u201d said Charity, noting that Ryan was the godfather of two of her children and had vouched for him at expensive local private schools. \u201cI trusted him unconditionally. He had a solid reputation, he was highly respected.\u201d\nCharity said Ryan eventually helped him get involved in bigger projects, including a $1 million condo and beignet deal in the Jax Brewery building on Decatur Street in the French Quarter.\nHe also bought three gas stations on the North Shore and a defunct shopping center on Robert E. Lee Boulevard (now Allen Toussaint Boulevard), which had been badly damaged by Hurricane Katrina.\n\u2018Lies like a rug\u2019\nBut the government argued that Ryan realized as early as 2011 that Charity was a poor businessman who consistently failed to hold meetings, file documents, pay business taxes owed to the city, file permit applications and handle other routine business tasks. . .\nBrian DeJean, a former Charity accountant, testified that he had dropped him as a client in 2012 because he consistently failed to provide basic documents and was lying about it.\n\u201cHe wasn\u2019t trustworthy,\u201d DeJean said. \u201cHe lied and lied again. He lied like a rug.\u201d\nDeJean said that Ryan had been told in a meeting of Charity\u2019s chronic shortcomings, but agreed that Ryan seemed to be doing everything he could to help Charity.\nIn testimony earlier this week, two program directors who oversee grants to renovate New Orleans buildings after Katrina, Adrienne Celestine and Aimee Quirk, testified that the Charity had been turned down for grants because it had failed to provide the documents that were requested. they had repeatedly requested.\nProsecutors said Ryan had told banking supervisory boards that the grant money was on the way when he knew it had been turned down. His defense attorney responded that Ryan had helped Charity reapply for the grants and hoped they would still be able to get the funds.\nFormer First NBC executive Ashton Ryan, Jr., right, walks with his wife Jolene to the US District Court in New Orleans for his trial on Tuesday, January 10, 2023. (Photo by Chris Granger | The Times-Picayune | The New Orleans Advocate )\nDespite his mounting debts, the government argued that Ryan continued to lend more and more to Charity and claimed in bank documents that Charity was using the money to develop property, when in fact it was using the loan proceeds to pay off older loans and to cover personal expenses. .\nIn one case, they pointed to a series of three $500,000 loans made to Charity in the spring of 2015, ostensibly to renovate the forecourt of Beignet\u2019s Decatur Street store, but used largely to pay interest on outstanding loans and to personal expenses.\nCharity agreed with prosecutors that Ryan had known he was essentially broke since at least early 2015 and was using the money to give the appearance that the loans were current.\nDuring cross-examination, Ryan\u2019s defense attorney, Edward Castaing Jr., tried to show that Charity was lying about Ryan\u2019s extent of knowledge in order to get a lighter sentence. He also painted Ryan as someone Charity regularly lied to.\nnot a sister\nHe questioned Charity about her relationship with Stephanie Carter-Stinson, a Washington, DC-based physician who had been a guarantor for all of Charity\u2019s loans.\nCharity, 58, married with five children, agreed that she had represented Carter-Stinson to Ryan and other bank officials as her sister, when in fact she was someone with whom he was romantically involved.\nCastaing pointed out, and Charity agreed, that Carter-Stinson had an income of more than $500,000 a year, net assets of more than $5 million, and was the main reason the loans kept flowing. The loans were also backed by property liens.\nCastaing also pointed out that Charity blamed his wife for out-of-control personal spending when she agreed to cooperate, saying she had a bipolar condition and couldn\u2019t help but spend money.\nCastaing then listed the purchases Charity had made for himself, including gold and diamond necklaces and cufflinks, a dozen Rolex watches, as well as other high-end watches like a Breitling Bentley and a TAG Heuer, which together would cost more than $ 100,000. .\nThe evidence showed that the relationship between Ryan and Charity soured over time. An email exchange in November 2016 showed Ryan rejecting Charity\u2019s efforts to get another loan to buy a new SUV.\n\u201cYou\u2019re an asshole,\u201d Ryan wrote to Charity, noting that he already owned two five-year-old Mercedes-Benz cars and needed to prioritize paying off the loans.\nCharity agreed to plead guilty in July 2019 in the hope of a reduced sentence in exchange for her testimony. Ryan\u2019s trial, which began on January 9, is expected to last four to six weeks.\nIndia\u2019s Adani Group plans to spin off more businesses; dismiss worries about debt\nNasdaq rises 2.7% as tech leads Friday\u2019s stock rally", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line760770"}
{"pred_label": "__label__cc", "pred_label_prob": 0.6757528185844421, "wiki_prob": 0.32424718141555786, "text": "Simon Hardy Tue, 23/03/2010 - 17:46\nMany are hailing the new Healthcare bill in the US, but there are serious problems, reports Simon Hardy\nWith the passing of the Affordable Health Care for America Act in the US House of Representatives by a narrow 219-212 majority, the Democrats are now arguing that Obama has fulfilled one of his main campaign pledges. On the surface, the bill is an advance on what came before. As of March 23rd 2010, an extra 32 million US citizens now have health insurance, insurance can no longer be refused based on medical histories, and there is a sizeable increase of Medicare coverage for people on low incomes.\nBut most healthcare campaigners are highly critical about the new bill and the way it was arrived at. The bill will still leave 23 million Americans uninsured. The new law will force middle income earners to buy insurance, costing as much as 9.5 per cent of their income, which would still only cover about 70% of medical expenses. To cap it all off, the already incredibly powerful insurance companies will be given an extra $450 million a year in public money to subsidise their insurance packages, handing over more money to the private sector.\nIn short, this Act does nothing to really challenge the profit-driven stranglehold of the insurance companies over healthcare in the US. Many Americans will not see any benefit until 2014 when all the measures of the bill finally come into force, and by then the insurance companies could have increased their premiums substantially. Physicians for a National Health Program likened the new bill to \u201cusing an aspirin to treat cancer.\u201d\nRight up to the last minute, concession after concession was made to the Republican (and Democrat) opponents of universal healthcare entitlement. Under the new law, thanks to Democrat Senator Bart Stupak, an agent of the Catholic Bishops\u2019 Conference, women will have to pay for insurance cover on abortions \u201c100% out of their own pocket\u201d. \u201cPro-choice\u201d activists expressed concern that, if insurance for abortions has to be paid separately to the health care companies, some might drop it as an option.\nA further problem in the provision of healthcare for women is that, although the bill bans using gender as a factor when costing premiums (currently many women have to pay more for the same insurance package as a man, and workplaces with a majority female workforce have to pay more insurance) these provisions will not come fully into force until 2017. No wonder the National Organisation of Women referred to the bill as a \u201ca giant leap backward for women\u201d.\nMany of his supporters are enraged that Obama caved in on so many key points of the Act as it made its way through the congress. The problem stems from two points, the first is that the Democrat party, wedded to capitalism and heavily funded by the health insurance companies, did not want too radical a reform bill. The second point, related to the first, is that Obama refused to use his campaigning base to establish more support for a radical version of the bill. The right mobilised significant pressure from its base, with demonstrations and protests across the country, designed to put pressure on wavering politicians to oppose the legislation, or fight for it to be further watered down. The right wing populist Tea Party movement, organised a protest on Capitol Hill the day before the act was passed where Democrat politicians were harassed, some were called \u201cniggers\u201d and \u201cfaggots\u201d and even subjected to physical abuse, reported the Huffington Post.\nThe language from the Republican politicians themselves was designed to provoke emotional and irrational anger, \u201ca little bit of freedom dies here today\u201d declared Marsha Blackburn. \u201cWill we choose the path of individual liberty or will we choose the path of government tyranny\u201d asked Ted Poe, using the popular buzzwords from the Tea Party campaigners demanding that the tree of liberty be watered with the blood of tyrants. And when John Shadegg said that the bill was destroying freedom in the US, he was clearly referring to the total freedom of the insurance companies to make money from people\u2019s illnesses.\nFor their part, Obama and the Democrats purposefully kept a lid on the activist base, clearly concerned that, if they mobilised such forces, the expectations of the movement would far outstrip anything that the Democrats were willing to offer in congress. This is because the Democrats cannot actually provide what so many people want and need, fully funded, free healthcare available at the point of demand.\nThe choice was over a continuation of the appalling free market system, which has ruled health care for generations, or some modest government intervention which would help paper over the cracks of healthcare provision in the US, whilst maintaining the profit system for the insurance companies. When stripped down to its bare essentials, this is a reform package which does not slay the beast of market profits in healthcare, but tries to tame it.\nNow the battle is on to destroy even what has been achieved so far. The Republicans will be running in the mid term elections in the Autumn under a \u201crepeal the Bill\u201d ticket, no doubt accusing the Obama administration of \u201csocialism\u201d and \u201cgovernment take over of healthcare\u201d. The Democrats are promising to defeat the Republicans but they have a track record of caving in under pressure and conceding strategic ground to the populist right on such issues. Of course, many Democrats themselves (the so called blue-dog Democrats) opposed the bill and act as a fifth column within their own party ranks on the health care issue. Currently, the Republicans stand united on their hatred of the healthcare reforms.\nThis highlights the problem of the reformist logic. Making concessions to the Republicans did not lead to any increase in bipartisan support, instead it resulted in a watered down bill and an entrenched opposition. The \u201cpublic option\u201d government health insurance provision as an alternative to the private pension schemes was unceremoniously dropped. If this is the best reform that can be brought about through the mechanisms of the US government, then it is clear that a more radical route is needed \u2013 \u201cPower to the (Working) People!\u201d Working people in the US, who most desperately needed, and still need, a genuine free health care system, should bear in mind Lenin's words \u201creforms are the by-product of the revolutionary struggle\u201d, and that is what is lacking in the US today.", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1073196"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.9901843070983887, "wiki_prob": 0.9901843070983887, "text": "Everyday Low\u2019s Hair Care Brand Is a New Kind of Dragon\n\u2018House of the Dragon\u2019 Hair Inspires an Icy Blond Renaissance\nEveryday Low, a haircare company, makes its brand the butt of jokes on its Tumblr.\nPhotograph by David McNew\nEveryday Low is not a new name. In fact, its headquarters, a small strip mall on a busy road in San Diego\u2019s Mission Valley, is little more than a year old. But its founder and manager, Jennifer Bancroft, says the name itself has become something of a joke. \u201cThey\u2019ve been calling me House of the Dragon, and they were saying it\u2019s a new kind of Dragon,\u201d she says. \u201cI don\u2019t know what Dragon means.\u201d\nEveryday Low\u2019s hair-care products were first introduced in 2012. They have since seen a steady rise in demand; the company has expanded to 15 international locations, and has even opened one in London. It\u2019s become a cult-favorite online brand, with a social-media following of over 100,000 people. But its products may never have made it out of the San Diego market, according to Bancroft. \u201cWe\u2019re very small,\u201d she says. \u201cWhen we first started we were very lean.\u201d\nBancroft came up with the brand name and the marketing strategy for Everyday Low in about 2011. She wanted to sell a product that was more than just moisturizing hair. She looked to make a bigger statement. \u201cI came up with this idea of \u2018House of the Dragon\u2019 for an Asian dragon in the Asian culture,\u201d Bancroft says. \u201cIt was like, look what we\u2019re doing here.\u201d\nThe term House of the Dragon was originally coined, she says, \u201cby a friend of mine, who is Korean, called \u2018dongi,\u2019\nCategories latest Tags celebrity, chemistry, clinical trials, coronavirus, nobel prizes\nKamala Harris is the only candidate running for the Democratic Party\nPaul Pogba says he would have preferred to play for City\nThe City of Baltimore has approved only 9% of the low-cost housing projects it says it was supposed to approve\nTwitter\u2019s CEO, Jack Dorsey, made the changes on the day after Twitter disclosed quarterly earnings.\nThe Persuaders: A New Generation of Politicians\nSerena Williams loses to world number six Vesnina in US Open quarterfinals\nThe Journey to San Francisco State\nZEBRAS CULLED in Kenya\u2019s Famine\nPublic Health Nutrition: The New Normality of Life Without Public Health", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1731534"}
{"pred_label": "__label__cc", "pred_label_prob": 0.6979474425315857, "wiki_prob": 0.3020525574684143, "text": "Authors S-T\nScarborough, Roscoe C. 2016. \"Making It in a Cover Music Scene: Negotiating Artistic Identities in a 'Kmart Level Market.'\" Sociological Inquiry. DOI: 10.1111/soin.12153\nScarborough, Roscoe C., and Charles Allan McCoy. 2016. \"Moral Reactions to Reality TV: Television Viewers' Endogenous and Exogenous Loci of Morality.\" Journal of Consumer Culture 16(1):164-91.\nSchrader, Abby M. \"Market Pleasures and Prostitutions in St. Petersburg.\" In Matthew P. Romaniello and Tricia Starks, eds., Russian History Through the Senses: From 1700 to the Present, (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2016), pp. 67-94.\nSchuyler, David. \"Saving Olana.\" The Hudson River Valley Review. Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 2-26.\nAleman MG, Marconi LJ, Nguyen NH, Park JM, Patino MM, Wang Y, Watkins CS, Shelley C. (2016). \"The influence of assay design, blinding, and Gymnema sylvestre on sucrose detection by humans.\" Journal of Undergraduate Neuroscience Education, 15, A18-A23.\nSmith, Scott C. 2016. Landscape and Politics in the Ancient Andes: Biographies of Place at Khonkho Wankane. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.\nYitao Liang, Marlos Machado, Erik Talvitie, and Michael Bowling. \"State of the Art Control of Atari Games Using Shallow Reinforcement Learning.\" In Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-agent Systems, p. 485-493, 2016.\nBrannon D. Ingram, J. Barton Scott, and SherAli K. Tareen, eds. Imagining the Public in Modern South Asia. Routledge Press, 2016.\nThompson, R. K. R., Flemming, T. M., & Hagmann, C. E. (2016). \"Can old-world and new-world monkeys judge spatial above/below relations to be the same or different? Some of them, but not all of them.\" Behavioral Processes, 123: pp. 74-83.\nTroy, A. S., Ford, B. Q., McRae, K., Zarolia, P., & Mauss, I. B. (2016, August 25). \"Change the Things You Can: Emotion Regulation Is More Beneficial for People From Lower Than From Higher Socioeconomic Status.\" Emotion. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/emo0000210\n<< Previous: Q-R\nNext: U-V >>", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1490756"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.8408347368240356, "wiki_prob": 0.8408347368240356, "text": "Usher Live in Taipei 2010\nPosted on: June 5th, 2018 10:56 am\nTime is testament to the mark of greatness, and for this era that mark belongs to Usher Raymond IV, the consummate entertainer who transcends the boundaries of popular culture, redefining the nature of superstardom. Usher\u2019s considerable achievements begin with over 45 million records sold world wide and a stable of five Grammy awards. The singer, composer, producer, actor, businessman, designer and philanthropist is the quintessential contemporary icon, celebrated for nearly two decades.\nCountry: Taipei\nUsher, a self-described \u201cmaster of the moment,\u201d was born to lead-from the stage to the boardroom. Over the course of his exemplary career, Usher has led by countless examples, creating a rich catalog of hit songs and crowning achievements. With the release of his monumental seventh album, Raymond v Raymond, Usher returns to his original medium \u2013 making songs into masterpieces that illuminate the struggle between man and legend.\nThe DVD was declared seven times platinum. He won over fans and critics alike with accolades, which continue to multiply: 5 Grammy Awards, 4 American Music Awards, 8 Soul Train Music Awards, 4 BET Awards, 3 Nickelodeon Kids Choice Award, 6 Teen Choice Awards, a Blockbuster Music Award, 3 R&B Hip Hop Conference Awards, 9 ASCAP Awards, a staggering 17 Billboard Music Awards and countless other international awards from several countries.\nUsher may indeed have super hero DNA, which is one plausible explanation for how one man is able to accomplish so much. Usher, a seasoned television and film actor, hit the Broadway stage in 2006 playing the riveting lead, Billy Flynn in Chicago to a sold-out audiences as the youngest cast member in the lead role of the slick-talking lawyer persona. \u201cThey say to be an entertainer, you have to do it all,\u201d says Usher. \u201cWhen I was young and decided I wanted to be in entertainment, I watched people like Bob Fosse, Sammy Davis Jr. and Ben Vereen. They were triple threats \u2013 dancing, acting, and singing. It really inspired me. I want to live up to that title and showcase all of my talents and be able to say I\u2019ve experienced it all, and had fun in the process.\u201d\nwww.ushernow.com\nwww.twitter.com/UsherRaymondIV\nwww.myspace.com/usher\nwww.facebook.com/usher\nShared this page:\nPitbull Live in Jakarta 2011\nUsher Live in Kuala Lumpur 2010", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1513778"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.5625442266464233, "wiki_prob": 0.5625442266464233, "text": "WLF Urges Supreme Court To Reaffirm Limits on General Personal Jurisdiction\nMallory v. Norfolk Southern Railway Co.\nCountering the Plaintiffs' Bar | Personal Jurisdiction / Standing to Sue\n\u201cThe Supreme Court long ago abandoned Pennsylvania Fire\u2019s reasoning. It is time for the Court to officially overrule that mistaken precedent.\u201d\n\u2014John Masslon, WLF Senior Litigation Counsel\nClick here for WLF\u2019s brief.\nWASHINGTON, DC\u2014 Washington Legal Foundation (WLF) today filed an amicus curiae brief urging the U.S. Supreme Court to uphold constitutional limits on Pennsylvania state courts\u2019 exercise of general personal jurisdiction over nonresident defendants. In a brief filed in Mallory v. Norfolk Southern Railway Co., WLF argued that Pennsylvania\u2019s long-arm statute, which provides that any out-of-state corporation registering to do business in Pennsylvania may be sued there for any dispute arising from anywhere, violates the Due Process Clause.\nThe case arises from Mallory\u2019s alleged exposure to toxic chemicals while he worked for Norfolk Southern in Ohio and Virginia. Even though the company was headquartered in and incorporated in Virginia at the time of suit, Mallory was a resident of Virginia, and the exposure occurred outside Pennsylvania, Mallory sued in the Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas. The Pennsylvania courts held that the Commonwealth\u2019s long-arm statute violates the Fourteenth Amendment\u2019s Due Process Clause. The Georgia Supreme Court, relying on Pennsylvania Fire v. Gold Issue, however, reached the opposite conclusion for a similar Georgia statute and the Supreme Court agreed to resolve the split in authority.\nIn its brief supporting Norfolk Southern, WLF examines the stare decisis factors and explains why the Court should overrule its 1917 Pennsylvania Fire decision. That decision is unworkable in the e-commerce era, was poorly reasoned, and there are no reliance interests that warrant keeping the decision. Most importantly, however, Pennsylvania Fire cannot be reconciled with the Court\u2019s more recent personal-jurisdiction decisions. Thus, the time has come for the Court to explicitly overrule Pennsylvania Fire. WLF\u2019s brief also explains why the Court should not address Mallory\u2019s historical arguments that he raised for the first at the Supreme Court. The case is set for oral argument on November 8.\nCelebrating its 45th year, WLF is America\u2019s premier public-interest law firm and policy center advocating for free-market principles, limited government, individual liberty, and the rule of law.", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1301128"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.9518957138061523, "wiki_prob": 0.9518957138061523, "text": "Sec 530F\n[1]>\n530F Obligation on principals to deduct tax.\n(1) A principal to whom a deduction authorisation is issued under section 530D shall deduct tax from the relevant payment concerned only in accordance with the terms of the deduction authorisation.\n(2) Subject to subsection (3), a principal to whom section 530A applies who makes a relevant payment to a subcontractor in circumstances other than those referred to in subsection (1) shall\u2014\n(a) be liable to pay tax to the Revenue Commissioners at the rate of 35 per cent on the amount of the relevant payment, and\n(b) without prejudice to any other penalty to which the principal may be liable and without prejudice to section 1078, be liable to a penalty of \u20ac5,000 or the amount of the tax payable under paragraph (a), whichever is the lesser, unless the principal submits the details of the relevant payment in the return required under section 530K for the period concerned, on or before the due date for that return.\n<[2]\n(b) without prejudice to any other penalty to which the principal may be liable and without prejudice to section 1078, be liable to a penalty of \u20ac5,000 or the amount of the tax payable under paragraph (a), whichever is the lesser.\n(2) A principal to whom section 530A applies who makes a relevant payment to a subcontractor in circumstances other than those referred to in subsection (1) shall, without prejudice to section 1078, be liable to a penalty of\u2014\n(a) 35 per cent of the relevant payment, where the person to whom the relevant payment was made was a subcontractor who has not had a determination made by the Revenue Commissioners under section 530I,\n(b) 20 per cent of the relevant payment, where the person to whom the relevant payment was made was a subcontractor who has had a determination made by the Revenue Commissioners under section 530I and where neither section 530G nor section 530H applies to the subcontractor concerned,\n(c) 10 per cent of the relevant payment, where the person to whom the relevant payment was made was a subcontractor to whom section 530H applies, and\n(d) 3 per cent of the relevant payment, where the person to whom the relevant payment was made was a subcontractor to whom section 530G applies.\n(3) [3]>(a) Where subsection (2)(a) applies and the principal submits the details of the relevant payment in a return for the relevant return period, the Revenue Commissioners shall establish the amount of tax that would have been due from the principal in respect of that payment had the rate of tax been the rate of tax last notified by the Revenue Commissioners to the sub-contractor concerned under section 530I and, notwithstanding subsection (2)(a), the tax due from the principal in respect of that payment by virtue of that subsection shall be the amount so established.<[3][3]>(a) Where subsection (2)(a) applies and the principal submits the details of the relevant payment in a return for the relevant return period [7]>by the due date for the return<[7] and, if appropriate, provides the Revenue Commissioners with such details, in relation to the relevant contract in respect of which the relevant payment was made, as may be required by the Revenue Commissioners, the Revenue Commissioners shall establish the amount of tax that would have been due from the principal in respect of that payment had the rate of tax been the rate of tax last notified by the Revenue Commissioners to the subcontractor concerned under section 530I and, notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2)(a), the tax due from the principal in respect of that payment by virtue of that subsection shall be the amount so established.<[3]\n(b) Where paragraph (a) applies, the Revenue Commissioners shall notify the principal of whether any adjustment to his liability for the period arises on account of the application of that paragraph and the Revenue Commissioners may include provision in any regulations made by them under this Chapter to give effect to this subsection.\n(c) The amount of the penalty under subsection (2)(b) shall be calculated without reference to any adjustment of the tax due as a result of the application of paragraph (a).\n(3) (a) Where subsection (2) applies, a principal shall submit an unreported payment notification to the Revenue Commissioners.\n(b) The Revenue Commissioners shall make regulations for the purposes of this subsection and such regulations may\u2014\n(i) specify the manner by which principals shall submit an unreported payment notification to the Revenue Commissioners, and\n(ii) provide for the details to be supplied to the Revenue Commissioners by a principal in relation to an unreported payment notification.\n(4) Where a principal makes a relevant payment to a subcontractor, the principal shall issue a copy of the deduction authorisation in relation to that payment to the sub-contractor.\n(4) Where, in making a relevant payment to a subcontractor, a principal deducts tax from the payment, the principal shall\u2014\n(a) provide the subcontractor with a copy of the deduction authorisation related to that payment, or\n(b) arrange for the following details from the deduction authorisation to be given to the subcontractor by written or electronic means:\n(i) the name and tax reference number of the principal,\n(ii) the name and tax reference number of the subcontractor,\n(iii) the gross amount of the payment, including the amount of tax deducted,\n(iv) the amount of tax deducted,\n(v) the rate at which tax was deducted,\n(vi) the date of the payment, and\n(vii) the unique reference number issued by the Revenue Commissioners on the deduction authorisation.\n(5) The amount of tax which a principal is liable to deduct under subsection (1) from a relevant payment shall be due and payable by the principal concerned to the Revenue Commissioners in respect of the return period in which the payment is made.\n[10]>\n(6) The amount of tax which a principal is liable to pay to the Revenue Commissioners by virtue of subsection (2)(a) shall be due and payable by the principal concerned to the Revenue Commissioners in respect of the return period in which the payment is made.\n<[10]\n(7) Where, due to a persistent technology systems failure, a principal is unable to give notification to the Revenue Commissioners under section 530C(1) and has no option but to make a relevant payment without complying with that provision, subsection (2) shall not apply to that payment if the principal\u2014\n(a) deducts tax from that payment at the rate last notified to the principal in respect of the subcontractor concerned, or if there was no such notification, deducts tax at a rate of 35 per cent from that payment,\n(b) immediately upon rectification of the technology systems failure notifies the Revenue Commissioners, in accordance with this Chapter or regulations made under this Chapter, that the payment has been made,\n(c) provides all details in relation to the payment that the Revenue Commissioners may require, and\n(d) pays the tax deducted in accordance with paragraph (a) to the Revenue Commissioners on or before the due date for the making of a return for the period within which the principal notifies the Revenue Commissioners under paragraph (b).\n(8) Where a principal complies with the requirements of subsection (7)\u2014\n(a) the principal shall be deemed to have deducted tax from a relevant payment in accordance with the terms of a valid deduction authorisation, and\n(b) for the purposes of section 530K, the payment shall be deemed to have been made in the return period in which the principal notifies the Revenue Commissioners under subsection (7)(b).\n(9) A principal shall, on request, provide the Revenue Commissioners with information in relation to the circumstances and details of a persistent technology systems failure under subsection (7).\nInserted by FA11 s20(1)(k). With effect from 1 January 2012 as per S.I. No. 660 of 2011.\n[-] [+]\nSubstituted by FA12 s22(1)(m). Comes into operation on and from 31 March 2012.\nSubstituted by FA12 s22(1)(n). Comes into operation on and from 31 March 2012.\nInserted by FA12 s22(1)(o). Comes into operation on and from 31 March 2012.\nSubstituted by FA12 s22(1)(p). Comes into operation on and from 31 March 2012.\nInserted by FA12 s22(1)(q). Comes into operation on and from 31 March 2012.\nDeleted by F(No.2)A13 s26. Comes into operation on 1 January 2014.\nSubstituted by FA14 s17(b)(i). Comes into operation on 1 January 2015.\nSubstituted by FA14 s17(b)(ii). Comes into operation on 1 January 2015.\nDeleted by FA14 s17(b)(iii). Comes into operation on 1 January 2015.", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line637436"}
{"pred_label": "__label__cc", "pred_label_prob": 0.5567107200622559, "wiki_prob": 0.44328927993774414, "text": "Attempt to Close LGBT Organization in Turkey Stalls\nOctober 31, 2007 Julie Bolcer and GO Staff\nTurkish LGBT organizations are under fire from the government.\nAn effort by officials in Turkey to close one of the country\u2019s leading LGBT organizations has been placed on hold until Jan 31, according to pinknews.co.uk. Citing the need for the prosecution to compile a report, a judge adjourned the trial in which the Istanbul Governor\u2019s office is charging that the group, Lambda Istanbul, violates Turkish laws on morality.\nSince 1993, according to Human Rights Watch, Lambda Istanbul has lobbied for legal protections against discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity. It operates a counseling hotline, and raises awareness about LGBT individuals through cultural, educational and political activities.\nThe Governor asked earlier this year that Lambda Istanbul be closed, and after the complaint was rejected, the case reached a higher court in July. A second hearing began on Oct. 18 before it was placed on hold.\nAlthough homosexual sex is legal for adults over 18 in Turkey, the LGBT community often is harassed through unclear laws about public morality. Vaguely worded legal provisions on public morals are often used to harass LGBT people. The country, which is a candidate for EU membership, is a party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The treaties protect freedom of expression and association, and prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation.\ngay rights turkeyhuman rights watchinternational lgbt issueslambda instanbullgbt rights turkeyturkey\nDecember 13, 2022 Clare Hand\nTurkish Pop Star Arrested For Making Joke About Religious Schools\nAugust 30, 2022 Robin Kish\nGeorgia Prez Says No to Anti-LGBT Referendum\nAugust 15, 2016 GO Staff", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1759062"}
{"pred_label": "__label__cc", "pred_label_prob": 0.5762543082237244, "wiki_prob": 0.42374569177627563, "text": "Team, Inc. Reports Second Quarter 2021 Results\nQuest Delivered 51.4% Year-over-Year Revenue Growth\nIHT Revenue Increased by 46% Year-over-Year\nTeam, Inc.\nSUGAR LAND, Texas, Aug. 3, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Team, Inc. (NYSE: TISI), a global leading provider of integrated, digitally-enabled asset performance assurance and optimization solutions, today reported its financial results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2021.\nSecond Quarter 2021 Results:\nRevenue of $238.9 million, up $49.6 million, or 26.2%, from Q2 2020\nIHT and Quest segment revenue increased by 46.0% and 51.4%, respectively from Q2 2020\nGross margin was $62.8 million, up $5.4 million from Q2 2020\nQuest adjusted EBITDA margin of 26.6%, surpassing the 2020 full year average of 24.1%\n\"TEAM's second quarter results reflect a mix of activity recovery and challenging market dynamics,\" said Amerino Gatti, TEAM's Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. \"Although we are not pleased with our overall results, revenue was at the upper end of our outlook. All three segments achieved revenue growth over Q2 2020 with Quest reporting the largest overall percent increase at 51%. Inspection & Heat Treating followed at approximately 46% and Mechanical Services at 4.7%. The year-over-year topline growth was driven by strong April activity levels from several large turnaround projects. May and June activity benefited from increased economic activity as COVID-related restrictions began to lift. While COVID continued to force project delays, especially internationally, activity levels throughout the quarter were mostly in line with expectations, highlighting improved economic growth across the various end markets in which we serve.\n\"TEAM faced margin headwinds in the second quarter. We experienced inflation in several areas, such as raw materials, transportation, and labor as well as increased technician training, and lingering COVID-related pricing concessions. We remain focused on cost discipline and continue to look for ways to mitigate overall inflationary pressures. Pricing negotiations have started with our clients to reflect current market conditions. Given these proactive actions, combined with the transitory nature of the cost increases, we expect our gross margin to improve in the second half of the year.\n\"We continued our long-standing culture of technology innovation. After several successful field tests, the Mechanical Services segment commercialized our new, patent pending SmartStopTM Isolation Technology. This new double block and bleed isolation system increases integrity and overall safety, further strengthening our competitive advantages in the hot tapping market. Additionally, we entered into an agreement to become the exclusive provider of Credosoft Integrity Management Software in North America. The software enhances TEAM's ability to monitor assets, ensure compliance and provide inspection and repair solutions. The Credosoft service offering provides TEAM a stable, subscription-based revenue profile and further positions the company to be a leading provider of integrated digitally-enabled asset performance optimization solutions.\n\"As we enter the second half of 2021, we are cautiously optimistic about increased activity levels associated with an improving economy. While the recent emergence of COVID variants is concerning and could negatively impact our activity levels, the outlook for the fall turnaround season looks solid since operators are now in a better financial position to start previously postponed maintenance projects. Additionally, our international operations should benefit from progress of the vaccine rollout and the gradual removal of lockdown restrictions in key markets. Therefore, we expect sequential revenue growth to continue in the third quarter.\n\"We are making advances towards further revenue diversification into new markets, such as renewable energy and expanding regulatory services that include emissions control. Our revenue diversification efforts as well as investments in technology and digital are poised to be future growth drivers. TEAM is well-positioned to benefit from a strong economic recovery by capitalizing on built-up demand and pursuing opportunities that utilize the depth and breadth of our portfolio. We have a clear strategic plan to become more capital efficient, capture profitable growth, and generate positive cash flow,\" concluded Mr. Gatti.\nConsolidated net loss in the second quarter of 2021 was $17.5 million ($0.57 loss per diluted share) compared to a loss of $13.5 million ($0.44 loss per diluted share) in the second quarter of 2020. Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure, was $9.1 million for the second quarter of 2021 compared to $12.7 million for the prior year quarter.\nConsolidated revenue for the second quarter of 2021 was $238.9 million compared to $189.3 million in the prior year quarter. Revenue increased due to higher activity levels from increased economic activity in the U.S. and select international markets as economies opened from COVID-related shutdowns. In the second quarter of 2021, consolidated gross margin was $62.8 million, or 26.3%, compared with 30.3% in the same quarter a year ago. Gross margin was negatively impacted by cost inflation pressure combined with lingering COVID-related price discounts and the reinstatement of temporary cost reductions that TEAM enacted in 2020.\nSG&A for the second quarter was $68.5 million, up $9.6 million, or a 16.3% increase from the second quarter of 2020. The company's adjusted measure of net income/loss, Consolidated Adjusted EBIT, a non-GAAP measure was a loss of $3.4 million in the second quarter compared to a loss of $0.2 million in the prior year comparable quarter.\nSecond quarter 2021 reported results include certain net charges not indicative of TEAM's core operating activities, including: $0.7 million of professional costs related to the previously announced new strategic organizational structure (\"Operating Group Reorganization\"), $0.3 million of severance charges primarily associated with the Operating Group Reorganization, and $1.6 million for accrued legal matters and other legal fees. Net of tax, these items totaled $2.6 million or $0.08 per diluted share.\nAdjusted net loss, consolidated Adjusted EBIT, and Adjusted EBITDA are non-GAAP financial measures that exclude certain items that are not indicative of TEAM's core operating activities. A reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most comparable GAAP financial measures is at the end of this release.\nSegment Results\nThe following table illustrates the composition of the company's revenue and operating income (loss) by segment for the quarters ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):\nJune 30,\nIncrease (Decrease)\nRevenues by business segment:\nQuest Integrity\nCorporate and shared support services\nAll three business segments delivered year-over-year revenue growth due to higher activity levels from increased economic activity in the U.S. and select international markets as economies opened up from COVID-related shutdowns. IHT results included a 46.0% year-over-year improvement in revenue primarily due to increased activity levels in the U.S. and Canada and 56.0% increase in operating income. MS delivered a 4.7% year-over-year improvement in revenue due to an increase in Turnaround projects and call-out work. However, MS's operating income declined due to inflationary cost pressures in raw materials and labor. Quest Integrity's results included a 51.4% year-over-year improvement in revenue and a $5.0 million increase in operating income. The increase in Quest Integrity is primarily the result of easing COVID-related global restrictions, additional subsea inspection work, and increased demand for Quest's proprietary services.\nCash and Debt\nConsolidated cash and cash equivalents were $18.4 million at June 30, 2021. The company's net debt (total debt less cash and cash equivalents) was $338.1 million at June 30, 2021, compared to $287.9 million at Dec. 31, 2020.\nThe non-GAAP measures in this earnings release are provided to enable investors, analysts, and management to evaluate TEAM's performance excluding the effects of certain items that management believes impact the comparability of operating results between reporting periods. These measures should be used in addition to, and not in lieu of, results prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). A reconciliation of each of the non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable historical GAAP financial measure is contained in the accompanying schedule for each of the fiscal periods indicated.\nConference Call and Webcast Details\nTeam, Inc. will host a conference call on Wednesday, August 4, 2021 at 10:00 a.m. Eastern Time (9:00 a.m. Central Time) to review its second quarter 2021 results.\nBy Phone: Dial 1-877-407-5794 inside the U.S. or 1-201-389-0869 outside the U.S. at least 10 minutes before the call. A telephone replay will be available through August 11, 2021 by dialing 1-877-660-6853 inside the U.S. or 201-612-7415 outside the U.S. using the Conference ID 13720696#.\nBy Webcast: The call will be broadcast over the web and can be accessed on TEAM's website, www.teaminc.com under \"Investor Relations.\" Please log on at least 10 minutes in advance to register and download any necessary software. A replay will be available shortly after the call.\nAbout Team, Inc.\nHeadquartered in Sugar Land, Texas, Team Inc. (NYSE: TISI) is a global leading provider of integrated, digitally-enabled asset performance assurance and optimization solutions. We deploy conventional to highly specialized inspection, condition assessment, maintenance and repair services that result in greater safety, reliability and operational efficiency for our client's most critical assets. Through locations in more than 20 countries, we unite the delivery of technological innovation with over a century of progressive, yet proven integrity and reliability management expertise to fuel a better tomorrow. For more information, please visit www.teaminc.com.\nCertain forward-looking information contained herein is being provided in accordance with the provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We have made reasonable efforts to ensure that the information, assumptions and beliefs upon which this forward-looking information is based are current, reasonable and complete. However, such forward-looking statements involve estimates, assumptions, judgments and uncertainties. There are known and unknown factors that could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those addressed in the forward-looking information. Although it is not possible to identify all of these factors, they include, among others, the duration and magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic, related economic effects and the resulting negative impact on demand for oil and gas and such known factors as are detailed in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, each as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and in other reports filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to time. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the forward-looking information contained herein, including projected cost savings, will occur or that objectives will be achieved. We assume no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements made today or any other forward-looking statements made by the Company, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required by law.\nTEAM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES\nSUMMARY OF CONSOLIDATED OPERATING RESULTS\n(unaudited, in thousands, except per share data)\nSix Months Ended\nRestructuring and other related charges, net\nGoodwill impairment charge\nOther expense, net\nLoss before income taxes\nProvision (benefit) for income taxes\nLoss per common share:\nBasic and diluted\nWeighted-average number of shares outstanding:\nSUMMARY CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET INFORMATION\nCurrent portion of long-term debt and finance lease obligations\nLong-term debt and finance lease obligations, net of current maturities\nTEAM INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES\nSUMMARY CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW INFORMATION\n(unaudited, in thousands)\nAllowance for credit losses\nNon-cash compensation cost\nWorking capital changes\nOther items affecting operating cash flows\nCash used for business acquisitions, net\nProceeds from disposal of assets\nOther items affecting investing cash flow\nNet cash used in investing activities\nNet payments under Credit Facility revolver\nNet borrowings under ABL facility\nPayments under Credit Facility term loan\nPayments for debt issuance costs\nTaxes paid for net share settlement of share-based awards, net\nOther items affecting financing cash flows\nNet change in cash and cash equivalents\nSEGMENT INFORMATION\nOperating income (loss) (\"EBIT\")\nSegment Adjusted EBIT\nSegment Adjusted EBITDA\nIncludes goodwill impairment charge of $191.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. Excluding the goodwill impairment charge, operating income for IHT would be $4.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020.\nThe Company uses supplemental non-GAAP financial measures which are derived from the consolidated financial information including adjusted net income (loss); adjusted net income (loss) per diluted share, earnings before interest and taxes (\"EBIT\"); adjusted EBIT (defined below); adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (\"adjusted EBITDA\") and free cash flow to supplement financial information presented on a GAAP basis.\nThe Company defines adjusted net income (loss), adjusted net income (loss) per diluted share and adjusted EBIT to exclude the following items: costs associated with our OneTEAM program, costs associated with the Operating Group Reorganization, non-routine legal costs and settlements, restructuring charges, certain severance charges, goodwill impairment charges, loss on debt extinguishment and certain other items that we believe are not indicative of core operating activities. Consolidated adjusted EBIT, as defined by us, excludes the costs excluded from adjusted net income (loss) as well as income tax expense (benefit), interest charges, foreign currency (gain) loss, and items of other (income) expense. Consolidated adjusted EBITDA further excludes from consolidated adjusted EBIT depreciation, amortization and non-cash share-based compensation costs. Segment adjusted EBIT is equal to segment operating income (loss) excluding costs associated with our OneTEAM program, costs associated with the Operating Group Reorganization, non-routine legal costs and settlements, restructuring charges, certain severance charges, goodwill impairment charges and certain other items as determined by management. Segment adjusted EBITDA further excludes from segment adjusted EBIT depreciation, amortization, and non-cash share-based compensation costs. Free cash flow is defined as net cash provided by (used in) operating activities minus capital expenditures. Net debt is defined as the sum of the current and long-term portions of debt, including finance lease obligations, less cash and cash equivalents.\nManagement believes these non-GAAP financial measures are useful to both management and investors in their analysis of our financial position and results of operations. In particular, adjusted net income (loss), adjusted net income (loss) per diluted share, consolidated adjusted EBIT, and consolidated adjusted EBITDA are meaningful measures of performance which are commonly used by industry analysts, investors, lenders and rating agencies to analyze operating performance in our industry, perform analytical comparisons, benchmark performance between periods, and measure our performance against externally communicated targets. Our segment adjusted EBIT and segment adjusted EBITDA is also used as a basis for the Chief Operating Decision Maker to evaluate the performance of our reportable segments. Free cash flow is used by our management and investors to analyze our ability to service and repay debt and return value directly to stakeholders.\nNon-GAAP measures have important limitations as analytical tools, because they exclude some, but not all, items that affect net earnings and operating income. These measures should not be considered substitutes for their most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures and should be read only in conjunction with financial information presented on a GAAP basis. Further, our non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies who may calculate non-GAAP financial measures differently, limiting the usefulness of those measures for comparative purposes. The liquidity measure of free cash flow does not represent a precise calculation of residual cash flow available for discretionary expenditures. Reconciliations of each non-GAAP financial measure to its most directly comparable GAAP financial measure are presented below.\nRECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES\n(unaudited, in thousands except per share data)\nAdjusted Net Income (Loss):\nProfessional fees and other1\nLegal costs2\nSeverance charges, net3\nTax impact of adjustments and other net tax items4\nAdjusted net loss\nAdjusted net loss per common share:\nConsolidated Adjusted EBIT and Adjusted EBITDA:\nForeign currency loss (gain)6\nPension expense (credit)5\nConsolidated Adjusted EBIT\nAmount included in operating expenses\nAmount included in SG&A expenses\nTotal depreciation and amortization\nNon-cash share-based compensation costs\nConsolidated Adjusted EBITDA\nFree Cash Flow:\nCash provided by (used in) operating activities\nFor the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, includes $0.7 million and $1.5 million, respectively, of costs associated with the Operating Group Reorganization (exclusive of restructuring costs). For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, includes $0.2 million and $2.0 million, respectively, associated with the OneTEAM program (exclusive of restructuring costs).\nFor the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, primarily relates to accrued legal matters and other legal fees. For the three months and six months ended June 30, 2020, primarily relates to costs associated with international legal matters.\nFor the three months and six months ended June 30, 2021, $0.3 million and $2.2 million, respectively, associated with the Operating Group Reorganization. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, severance charges are associated with the OneTEAM program, including international operations.\nRepresents the tax effect of the adjustments. Beginning in Q2 2021, we now use the statutory tax rate, net of valuation allowance by legal entity to determine the tax effect of the adjustments. Prior to Q2 2021, we used an assumed marginal tax rate of 21% except for the adjustment of the goodwill impairment charge in Q1 2020 for which the actual tax impact was used. We have restated the prior period tax impact to use the statutory tax rate by legal entity, net of valuation allowance.\nRepresents pension expense (credit) for the U.K. pension plan based on the difference between the expected return on plan assets and the cost of the discounted pension liability. The pension plan has had no new participants added since the plan was frozen in 1994 and accruals for future benefits ceased in connection with a plan curtailment in 2013.\nRepresents foreign currency gain/loss. For prior period, includes other nominal fees.\nRECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES (Continued)\nSegment Adjusted EBIT and Adjusted EBITDA:\nOperating income (loss)\nAdjusted EBIT\nPrimarily relates to severance charges incurred associated with the Operating Group Reorganization for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, relates to severance charges associated with the OneTEAM program, including international restructuring under the OneTEAM program.\nFor the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, primarily relates to accrued legal matters and other legal fees. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, primarily relates to costs associated with international legal matters.\nSOURCE Team, Inc.\nwww.teaminc.com", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1182439"}
{"pred_label": "__label__cc", "pred_label_prob": 0.7419472932815552, "wiki_prob": 0.2580527067184448, "text": "Young Heart Patient Recovering from Successful Surgery, Uganda\nWell wishes to Patricia\nAugust 24, 2017 - Uganda\nAlphonse Mwanamwolho\nRMF Uganda would like to thank you for all your kind support to our young heart patient, Patricia Biira. Today, August 24, 2017, she has been discharged from the Uganda Heart Institute after her successful surgery on Wednesday, August 16, 2017. The surgeons have assured us that Patricia is in a stable condition and she will gradually heal from the post-surgery pain. Patricia has started standing and walking on her own, and she can smile and laugh.\nPatricia was born with holes in her heart, which prevented her from growing and developing normally. Her mother is a housewife and her father is a primary school teacher. Before receiving help from Real Medicine Foundation, they sold everything they had, including a piece of land, to preserve Patricia\u2019s life, but even that was not enough to pay for services at the Uganda Heart Institute. When RMF learned about Patricia\u2019s situation in 2016, we agreed to cover expenses for her treatment at the Uganda Heart Institute. With treatment, Patricia has gradually improved, and thanks to RMF\u2019s support, she underwent heart surgery on August 16, 2017 as a durable solution to her illness.\nPatricia\u2019s parents are thankful to RMF beyond what words can express, and RMF is grateful to the Uganda Heart Institute for every special consideration they offered to our young patient. We also thank our donors, whose support made Patricia\u2019s treatment and surgery possible.\nPatricia is now 3 years and 4 months old, and after recovering from the surgery, she will join school. It is our goal to support Patricia\u2019s education so that she is empowered to contribute to the wellbeing of others when she grows up. Please contact RMF to donate towards Patricia\u2019s education and medical check-ups, which still require funding. Patricia\u2019s next check-up will be on September 21, 2017. We wish her a quick recovery.\nCategories: Medical Support of Individual Children Uganda or View All", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1154257"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.9258610010147095, "wiki_prob": 0.9258610010147095, "text": "Surging Democratic early voting prompts Republican concern\nJeremy Wallace, Austin Bureau\nFeb. 26, 2018 Updated: Feb. 26, 2018 8:12 p.m.\nA person enters the early voting site Tuesday at the Lions Field Adult and Senior Center on the first day of early voting for the March 6 joint primary elections. Through the first six days of early voting, about 10,000 more people voted in the Democratic primary elections than in the Republican primaries in the state\u2019s 15 largest counties.William Luther /San Antonio Express-News\nAUSTIN \u2014 Strong early voting numbers by Democrats are beginning to worry some of Texas\u2019 biggest Republican names.\nGov. Greg Abbott\u2019s campaign sent out an email blast to supporters Monday warning that Democrats are surging and becoming a real concern headed into the midterm election cycle.\n\u201cIf these trends continue, we could be in real trouble come Election Day,\u201d the email says.\nThrough the first six days of early voting, about 10,000 more people voted in the Democratic primary elections than in the Republican primaries in the state\u2019s 15 largest counties. Four years ago \u2014 the most recent year with a gubernatorial election \u2014 Republicans were 54,000 voters ahead of Democrats.\nIn Bexar County, 16,463 voters cast a ballot in the Democratic primary through the first six days; 12,654 voted in the Republican primary.\nOverall, 186,000 Democrats have voted through the first week of early voting, well ahead of the 101,000 who voted at the same point in 2014.\nFor Democrats, the numbers are more evidence that their voters are energized going into the midterm elections. Texas Democratic Party chair Gilberto Hinojosa has pointed to frustration with President Donald Trump as a major reason for the Democratic surge this year in early voting.\n\u201cYour vote is your voice; the best way to stop Donald Trump, protect our communities, and promote our progressive economic values is to vote in the Democratic Primary,\u201d Hinojosa said about the early turnout numbers.\nIt also comes at a time that Democrats have been winning special elections in places Trump won in 2016.\n\u201cDemocrats are already on a winning streak, flipping seats in special elections across the country in GOP strongholds,\u201d the Abbott campaign email warns. \u201cWe\u2019ve seen a surge of liberal enthusiasm in deep red states like Georgia, Alabama and Oklahoma. We had always hoped the liberal wave would never hit Texas, but these Early Voting returns aren\u2019t encouraging so far.\u201d\nThe letter calls on supporters to vote in the primaries and to make donations to help fund get-out-the-vote efforts.\nDemocrats have been boosted this year by a combination of factors. Opposition to Trump has been a big factor, but Democrats also have been aided by more candidates running for office and more competitive primaries than four years ago.\nWhile early voting and vote-by-mail ballots are up this year, election experts warn this doesn\u2019t necessarily mean there will be record turnout overall in the primary. Partly, Texas voters have been shifting from voting on Election Day to voting earlier as it has become more convenient.\nEarly voting started Feb. 20 and runs through Friday. Election day is March 6.\nJeremy Wallace\nJeremy Wallace has covered politics and campaigns for more than 20 years. Before joining the Hearst Texas newspapers in 2017 he covered government and politics for the Tampa Bay Times, The Miami Herald and the Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Previously he covered Congress for the Boston Globe and Detroit Free-Press. Originally from San Antonio, he attended the University of North Texas and earned his bachelor's degree from the University of Missouri. You can follow him on Twitter, @JeremySWallace, or email him at Jeremy.wallace@chron.com.", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line446515"}
{"pred_label": "__label__wiki", "pred_label_prob": 0.8847008943557739, "wiki_prob": 0.8847008943557739, "text": "Alster History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms\nOrigins Available:\nFamily Crest Download (JPG) Heritage Series - 600 DPI\nOn the western coast of Scotland and on the Hebrides islands the Alster family was born among the ancient Dalriadan clans. Their name comes from the given name Alexander, which in turn was originally derived from the Greek name, which means defender of men. In the late 11th century, Queen Margaret introduced the name, which she had heard in the Hungarian Court where she was raised, into Scotland by naming one of her sons Alexander. The popularity of the name Alexander was ensured by the fact that it was born by three Scottish kings, the first being Margaret's son who succeeded to the throne of Scotland following the death of Malcolm III.\nEarly Origins of the Alster family\nThe surname Alster was first found in Kintyre, where they held a family seat from ancient times.\n\"As a surname Alexander is very common on the west coast, where, according to the authors of Clan Donald, some of the descendants of Godfrey, second son of Alastair Mor, appear to have settled in the Carrick district of Ayrshire. \" [1]\nThe Clan MacAllistair, Alisdair being the Gaelic for Alexander, are descended from the great King Somerled. Somerled had five sons, by his marriage to Ragnhildis, daughter of the Norwegian King of the Isles, Olaf Morsel. In the MacAllister line, Ranald had two sons, Ruari and Donald, and Donald had two sons, Angus and Alisdair. Alisdair living about 1230 to 1295 claimed the territory in South Knapdale, Kintyre, the ancient Clan seat was at Ard Phadraid (Patrick's Point) on the south side of Loch Tarbot. Alisdair (known as Alisdair Mor (the big)) is the recognized founder of the Clan. On his death, his estates were given to his brother and heir who was one of Bruce's supporters, Angus Mor.\nEarly History of the Alster family\nThis web page shows only a small excerpt of our Alster research. Another 462 words (33 lines of text) covering the years 1230, 1295, 1475, 1602, 1200, 1605, 1615, 1765, 1846, 1431, 1570, 1640, 1614, 1588, 1655, 1640, 1643, 1619, 1681, 1665, 1681, 1620, 1665, 1660, 1665, 1653, 1686, 1743, 1797 and are included under the topic Early Alster History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.\nAlster Spelling Variations\nIn various documents Alster has been spelled Since medieval scribes still spelled according to sound, records from that era contain an enormous number of spelling variations. Alexander, Alistair, MacAlexander, Alisandre, Alischoner, Alsinder, Alastair, MacAlexter, Callestar, Aleckander, Alexandri, Alisdair, Alaisder, Alestare, Alistare and many more.\nEarly Notables of the Alster family (pre 1700)\nNotable amongst the Clan from early times was Sir William Alexander (circa 1570-1640), 1st Earl of Stirling, Scottish government official, knighted in 1614, appointed Governor of the barony of Nova Scotia; William Allestry (Allestrie) (1588-1655), an English politician who sat in the House of Commons of England (1640-1643)...\nAnother 48 words (3 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Alster Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.\nMigration of the Alster family to Ireland\nSome of the Alster family moved to Ireland, but this topic is not covered in this excerpt.\nAnother 153 words (11 lines of text) about their life in Ireland is included in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.\nAlster migration to the United States +\nDalriadan families proliferated in North America. Their descendants still populate many communities in the eastern parts of both the United States and Canada. Some settled in Canada as United Empire Loyalists, in the wake of the American War of Independence. Families on both sides of the border have recovered much of their heritage in the 20th century through Clan societies and highland games. Analysis of immigration records indicates that some of the first North American immigrants bore the name Alster or a variant listed above:\nAlster Settlers in United States in the 19th Century\nReinhard Alster, who landed in Allegany (Allegheny) County, Pennsylvania in 1868 [2]\nReinhart Alster, who arrived in Allegany (Allegheny) County, Pennsylvania in 1868 [2]\nRelated Stories +\nFamily Crests: the Heraldic Artist\nFamily Crests: Timeline\nFamily Crests: Elements\nFamily Crests and Genealogy: how they relate\nSpelling variations\nFamily seat\nClan seat\nThe Alster Motto +\nThe motto was originally a war cry or slogan. Mottoes first began to be shown with arms in the 14th and 15th centuries, but were not in general use until the 17th century. Thus the oldest coats of arms generally do not include a motto. Mottoes seldom form part of the grant of arms: Under most heraldic authorities, a motto is an optional component of the coat of arms, and can be added to or changed at will; many families have chosen not to display a motto.\nMotto: Per mare, per terras\nMotto Translation: By sea, by land.\nCitations +\n^ Smith, George (ed), Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co., 1885-1900. Print\n^ Filby, P. William, Meyer, Mary K., Passenger and immigration lists index : a guide to published arrival records of about 500,000 passengers who came to the United States and Canada in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. 1982-1985 Cumulated Supplements in Four Volumes Detroit, Mich. : Gale Research Co., 1985, Print (ISBN 0-8103-1795-8)\nAlster (Scottish)\n\u00a9 2000- 2023 Swyrich Corporation, all rights reserved. See Terms of Use for details.\nWe use cookies to enhance your personalized experience for ads, analytics, and more. Understand it all by viewing our Privacy Policy.\nRemoving this item from your shopping cart will remove your associated sale items.\nAre you sure you want to delete this item from your shopping cart?\nHouseofNames E-Newsletter Sign Up", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line195089"}
{"pred_label": "__label__cc", "pred_label_prob": 0.7231287360191345, "wiki_prob": 0.2768712639808655, "text": "Experienced Drug Crimes Defense Lawyer\nExperienced Criminal Defense Lawyer Representing Individuals Charged with Serious Drug Crimes in State and Federal Court\nJohn Floyd is Board Certified in Criminal Law by Texas Board of Legal Specialization and is a recognized expert in criminal law. He has over twenty years experience representing individuals accused of serious drug crimes before the state courts in Houston, throughout Texas and in Federal Courts Nationwide.\nRespected and Trusted Advocate\nMr. Floyd has been featured on national television programs, world-wide radio and printed media commenting on issues relating to criminal law. He is listed in Thomson Reuters\u2019 prominent list of Super Lawyers and many other respected publications featuring the best and brightest criminal defense lawyers in America. Mr. Floyd represents high-profile individuals, professionals, celebrities and business people who have been charged with drug crimes for whom a drug conviction could be disastrous.\nIf You Must Take Your Drug Case Seriously\nIf you have been charged with a drug crime and must take the case seriously, please contact Mr. Floyd and discuss the facts of your case and a possible successful defensive strategy.\nSerious Felony Drug Crimes in Texas\nDrug offenses in Texas are among the most serious in the state\u2019s arsenal of criminal laws. Penalties of drug violations can be extremely severe and carry with them a host of collateral consequences.\nA drug charge in Texas does not necessarily mean a drug conviction. There are several effective defenses for narcotics offenses that a talented drug crimes attorney with experience investigating the circumstances surrounding an search and arrest for a drug crime should know and be able to use to your advantage. Mr. Floyd has published hundreds of articles relating to criminal law, search and seizure and trial procedures and can use his knowledge and experience to create a successful defense strategy and force the government to follow the law and meet its burden of proof.\nDefensive Strategies in Drug Crimes Cases\nFor instance, an knowledgeable and prepared criminal defense lawyer could demonstrate that your arresting officers did not have just cause to search your home, vehicle, or person. He could show that you were a victim of entrapment, or argue that the drugs belonged to someone else or were not intended for human consumption. It is even possible that drugs found in your vicinity, or even in your vehicle, were hidden, unknown to you and therefore not in your possession. There are many possible successful defenses n drug cases, if your lawyer dedicates the time and resources to investigate your case and is familiar with the law.\nDo Not Talk to the Police or Federal Agents without a Lawyer\nIf you believe you are being investigated for a drug trafficking crime, or have already been arrested or charged with this type of offense, consult with a knowledgeable attorney with experience in drug defenses immediately. Your lawyer can listen to your side of the story before helping you determine the best possible defense strategy in the unique circumstances of your case. With the help of a drug crimes attorney with a successful track record, you may be able to avoid crippling consequences to your freedom and future.\nTexas Drug Crime Laws\nTexas courts look at five primary factors in determining the sentence to be imposed upon a conviction of any of the above drug offenses:\nThe type of drug involved. For example, a drug found in penalty group 1 (heroin) will result in a much harsher sentence than a drug found in penalty group 3 (prescription drugs).\nThe amount of drugs involved. Greater amounts of the same drug, regardless of the penalty group, will result in a longer sentence.\nThe purpose for which the drug is used. A simple possession is less severe than intent to distribute, manufacture, or deliver drugs.\nLocation of the violation. Drugs possessed or sold near schools or day care centers, for example, are treated more harshly than on an average street corner.\nWhether the drug offense was tied to another offense. Drug offenses associated with crimes of violence or involve the possession or use of a firearm will result in a significantly more severe sentence.\nTexas Drug Statutes\nManufacture or delivery of controlled substances (drugs)\nMinimum Punishment: Confinement in jail for a term of not more than 2 years, or less than 180 days, and a fine not to exceed $10,000\nMaximum Punishment: Confinement in prison for life or for a term of not more than 99 years nor less than 15 years, and a fine not to exceed $250,000\nPossession of controlled substances (drugs)\nMinimum Punishment: Confinement in jail for a term of not more than 180 days, and a fine not to exceed $2,000 or both\nDelivery of Marijuana\nMinimum Punishment: Confinement in jail for a term of not more than 180 days, a fine not to exceed $2,000, or both\nPossession of Marijuana\nMaximum Punishment: Confinement in prison for life or for a term of not more than 99 years nor less than 5 years, and a fine not to exceed $50,000\nThese offenses are set out in Chapter 481 of Health and Safety Code. There are five penalty groups in this chapter. Each group designates the offense and punishment. The groups are governed by two factors: the type of the drug and the quantity involved. Section 481.032 contains exhaustive lists (with new drugs added each year) that are in Penalty Groups I, 1-A, 2, 3, 4, and 5.\nCONSEQUENCES OF DRUG CONVICTIONS\nThere are also many collateral consequences for having been convicted of a drug offense in Texas.\nEmployment. Many occupations (such as barber, plumber, nurse, etc.) require a license to work. Section 53.021 of the Texas Occupations Code authorize Texas licensing authorities to revoke, suspend, or deny a license to anyone convicted of a felony or a misdemeanor involving moral turpitude.\nEducation: Any student convicted of the possession or sale of a controlled substance can lose or be denied financial assistance under the Federal Student Loans and Grants program, or the forfeiture of a prepaid scholarship.\nAsset forfeiture: Serious drug convictions can result of forfeiture of cash, vehicles, homes, personal property, and businesses.\nFirearm: A drug conviction of more than one year will result in loss of the right to own or possess a firearm or ammunition.\nHousing: Federal housing policies permit the exclusion of drug offenders from federally subsidized or funded housing.\nCivil rights: A drug conviction results in the loss of the right to vote, run for public office, be appointed to a public office, or serve on a jury.\nBecause of the wide range of criminal penalties associated with drug offenses and the vast array of civil penalties, disqualifications and disabilities associated flowing drug convictions (and, yes, probation is a conviction), any one charged with a drug offense needs an aggressive and experienced criminal defense attorney.\nExperienced Federal Criminal Defense Lawyer\nThere are significant misconceptions about federal crimes. Many people assume that federal crimes are \u201cwhite collar\u201d or \u201cnational security\u201d offenses. Nothing could be further from the truth. Approximately 55% of all federal prisoners, more than 30,000 of them, stand convicted of drug offenses. The U.S. Congress has enacted 38 drug statutes that proscribe penalties and fines for 165 drug-related offenses. The high end of these offenses carries penalties of 10 years to life imprisonment with $10 to $50 million fines while the lower end of these offenses carries penalties of 3 years imprisonment and fines up to $250,000.\nCrimes with Mandatory Minimums\nBelow is a list of drug offenses that carry a mandatory minimum sentence under 28 U.S.C. \u00a7 841:\nThe mandatory minimum can be 5 to 10 years without parole depending upon the quantity of the drug involved.\nThe five-year minimum drug case can double to 10 years with one prior felony conviction while the 10-year minimum drug case can double to 20 years with a prior felony conviction.\nBoth the five-year and ten-year minimum cases increase to a mandatory minimum of 20 years if a death results. The minimum increases to life without parole if both a death results and the offender has one prior felony conviction.\nFinally, the ten-year mandatory minimum drug type increases to life without parole if the offender has two or more prior felony convictions.\nDrug sentencing Reform in Debate\nCurrently pending before Congress is the Smarter Sentencing Act that would cut in half the length of many drug sentences, but a significant group of lawmakers oppose the Act, labeling its supporters as being part of a \u201cleniency industrial complex.\u201d\nForfeiture of Property and Money\nAs with Texas drug convictions, federal drug convictions can also lead to civil forfeitures that result in the loss of personal property, including cash, homes, vehicles, planes, and other personal belongings\nThe proceeds from forfeited property go into the coffers of law enforcement agencies, not the government treasury. Thus, the police have an incentive to seize and forfeit as much property as possible, regardless of whether it is actually tied to an offender\u2019s drug activity.\nDrug Convictions can Destroy Lives, Professions\nBeyond these serious to severe penal consequences, federal drug convictions have significant personal collateral consequences. They can disqualify you for a job in the health care industry, government, private security, law enforcement, many areas of the criminal justice system, and any other job requiring a security clearance.\nThey can, and most likely will, have adverse impact on your employment prospects with companies that routinely run criminal background checks prior to their decision to hire. They can also have a serious impact on your ability to rent a suitable residence as property owners also frequently run background checks, refusing to rent or lease to drug offenders.\nFederal Drug Task Forces\nFederal and state law enforcement officials often work together on drug enforcement offenses. They generally employ \u201ctask forces\u201d that generally target one individual with the hope that he or she will lead them to a wider network of suspects. The primary objective of these kinds of investigation is to develop reasonable, articulable suspicion to arrest the initial target with the hopes that law enforcement can pressure the individual into cooperating with them to make a case against the wider network.\nContact a Criminal Defense Lawyer with Experience Defending Drug Cases\nIf you find yourself in a position facing a serious drug charge, you should immediately seek a qualified criminal defense lawyer who has experience defending individuals accused of serious drug charges. A skilled criminal defense attorney is more likely than not to develop a successful defense strategy against the drug charge, or, in the correct circumstances, to have the charge dismissed altogether.\nPossible Defenses\nDefenses against drug charges include: unlawful search and seizures, faulty crime lab analysis, lost or tampered with evidence, drugs that were planted, drugs that belonged to someone else, entrapment, or the medical marijuana exception.\nDeveloping these defenses requires a criminal defense lawyer who has the knowledge and experienced necessary to apply the law to your case. In the proper circumstances your lawyer should have access to a team of investigators, paralegals, and experts, who can assist in providing a vigorous and thorough defense investigation, strategy preparation and trial plan that will lead to a successful outcome in the case.\nDedicated to the Best Possible Outcome\nThe primary goal of the John T. Floyd Law Firm is to produce the best outcome possible for our clients: dismissal of charges, acquittal at trial, verdict of a lesser offense, or the lowest sentence possible should a guilty verdict be rendered.\nWe Fight to get Our Clients out on Bail\nA successful defense in a serious drug case begins with efforts to get you released on bail as soon as possible.\nObviously, detention in jail pending trial is not the best situation for our clients. No one wants to spend a day in jail. But pre-trail detention also interferes with our ability to communicate freely with our client and interferes with their ability to assist in preparing a defense. Pretrial detention is not good for the client, not good for the defensive strategy and interferes with personal obligations. Therefore, we demand bail in every case possible.\nToo Many Guilty Pleas\n97 percent of all federal drug offenders plead guilty to a reduced charge or to a lower recommended sentence than would result from a trial. We do not, however, undertake a plea bargain strategy unless our client directs us to do so. If the Government proffers a deal, we are ethically bound to convey that deal to you. At that point it is our duty to convey to the client the pros and cons of such a agreement, including the legal ramifications and consequences of a guilty plea. But the ultimate decision to enter into a plea bargain rests exclusively with you. It is your life and we will respect whatever decision you make regarding plea agreement or trial, will stand behind you 100 percent and will fight for the best possible result under the circumstances.\nSystem Not Always Fair and Just\nOur legal system is supposed to be fair and just. We know that is not always the case. Our duty, as criminal defense attorneys, is to fight for the fairness and justice that the Government is not always willing to extend to our clients. The Government\u2019s prosecution of drug crimes is often rife with prosecutorial misconduct, unethical behavior before and during the trial, and an overzealousness that translates into downright meanness. We provide our clients a safeguard against these Government actions.\nProudly Fighting for the Rights of the Accused\nAt the John T. Floyd Law Firm, we are dedicated to protecting the rights of people accused of drug crimes in both state and federal courts. Our firm is headed by John T. Floyd, a Houston-based criminal lawyer who has helped countless clients across Texas defeat drug charges of all kinds, from complicated international drug trafficking and distribution cases down to minor possession charges that would have had a major impact of the lives of our clients.\nWe Will Fight for You\nMr. Floyd and his legal team have the experience, talent, and knowledge you need to fight back against overzealous prosecutors and law enforcement agents. With John T. Floyd in your corner, you will be in the best position possible to have your drug crime charges dismissed or reduced and avoid the life-altering penalties to your freedom and future.", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line1142576"}
{"pred_label": "__label__cc", "pred_label_prob": 0.6143912076950073, "wiki_prob": 0.3856087923049927, "text": "Search results for FOREST\n1. [Bookplate for C. A. Walkinshaw] In black ink, an architectural border surrounds an image of a stylized Greco-roman figure sitting on a seat, reading a book, with others at his feet. There is also a bird and scroll imposed on the white space within the side of the seat.\n2. [Bookplate for Jac Balfour Paul Ado] Using black ink on white paper, the background of this pictorial bookplate portrays a window frame and windowsill. The top left side of the window is latticed, below which is an image of a rocky mountain and forest above which the sun is rising or setting. On the right side of the window frame is a shelf with three books. Leaning against the shelf is an unravelled scroll reading \"In Soli / tudine / Solamen\" [comfort in solitude]. Below this text is a lit lamp. On the windowsill are three figures. From left to right, the first figure is standing, nude and holding a comedy mask to its face. The second nude is sitting holding a cape over its shoulder (on the cape is a heraldic emblem: The shield is argent with a rampant lion). The third figure is sitting with its right leg crossed over the left leg, clothed in a judge/lawyer's wig, clothed in robes and holding a large open book in its lap.\n3. [Bookplate for F. H. Barlow] Black ink on white paper. A frame with crosses in the four corners surrounds the text.\n4. [Bookplate for David L. G. Dryden] A yellow frame surrounds the central image. The central image is of a young man in medieval armour leading a white horse to the left of the image. The image is in a forest setting with several trees observable. Two notable trees are standing, one on the left, and one on the right side of the man providing a frame for the image. The entire scene is evocative of a Pre-Raphaelite painting.\n5. [Bookplate for Wallace Wilson and Ethel Wilson] Executed in green ink on a white background, this bookplate depicts a peaceful scene of nature redolent of British Columbia. In the foreground is an evergreen tree behind which birds soar in the distance over mountains. Below the mountains is a forest that frames a lake. Overlooking the lake is a cabin emitting smoke from its roof, while in the lake's center is a fishing boat with two occupants. The text is placed beneath this scene and is framed in each of its four corners by an open book and scroll at the top, and closed books at the bottom.\n6. [Bookplate for Emil Eerme and A. Lavdovsky by O. Kubse] In black, forest scene done in watercolour, bordered on sides and base by ruled lines.\n7. [Bookplate for Convent of the Sacred Heart] Black ink on tan paper. Text is in medieval script.\n8. [Bookplate for I. O. K\u00f6rner and J. E. Horvath by K. M. S.] A central panel with the ownership text is surrounded by mantling that comes out of a vase at the bottom. Flanking the ownership panel there are two figures holding books at each side. Hanging from the mantling on the bottom are a drum and lyre, and surrounding the top are various animals. The top of the bookplate is crowned with a globe.\n9. [Bookplate for William Arnold Bromfield by William West] In black ink, a belt/garter provides the border. Within is a demi-lion atop a curved crest wreath. In its paws is a sword, with point severed. The belt contains the French motto.\n10. [Bookplate for Eliab Harvey] In black ink, an oval escutcheon, or (gold), with a dancette chief, sable (black), containing three crescents, argent (silver). The crest is a dexter hand couped at the wrist and erected, floating above is an inverted crescent, argent. The Latin motto is found encircling the escutcheon on the bordure, argent. A wreath made of two laurel branches encapsulates the escutcheon. A banner, containing the German motto, is wrapped around the base of the wreath with the Badge of a Companion of the Order of the Bath hanging between it.\n11. [Bookplate for Octavius Wigram by Suffield] In black ink. Argent, a pallet, gules, charged with three escallops, one over two divided by a chevronnel, engrailed, countercharged, gules (red). A chief, argent (silver), a ship representing an English vessel of war of the 16th century, with four masts, sails furled proper, and a flag, azure (blue), sitting on the water. Above the escutcheon is a straight crest wreath on which is a mount supporting a hand in armour, in fess, couped at the wrist proper, charged with an escallop and holding a fleur-de-lis erect. Below the escutcheon is a banner containing the Latin motto.\n12. [Bookplate for Charles Fyfe by R. P.] Bookplate printed in black ink, with a purple/blue ink, rubber-stamped annotation. This ex-libris depicts a woman reading to a young boy on a park or garden bench. The idyllic landscape behind them features a lake with two swans swimming in it. Further in the distance is a forest with the silhouettes of two figures standing among the trees and large dramatic clounds sweeping by in the background.\n13. [Bookplate for Edmund Murton Walker by Thoreau MacDonald] In black ink on white paper, a dragonfly is flying past some large rocks next to a body of water, likely a river. In the background is a forest of tall evergreen trees.\n14. [Bookplate for P. Gagnon] Black ink on cream paper. Crest features a beaver lying on a crest-wreath. There are maple leaf branches extending from both sides of the beaver. The beaver is surrounded by a half-circle border with the motto in black, capitalized sans-serif font written across the arc. The shield is divided per fess, with the top half being further divided per pale and the upper left hand portion is divided into three horizontal sections. The topmost left hand section is argent with sable dots charged with two fleurs-de-lis. The middle left hand section is argent with sable stripes charged with a lion passant. The bottom left hand section is argent with sable dots charged with three maple leaves connected at the stem. The upper right hand side is argent charged with two pieces of equipment, one atop the other, and a pair of scissors below. The equipment has a small curved bottom with two long, curving handles on top with a spike pointing through the lower end of the handles. Below the top half is a thin black banner with white capitalized sans-serif text. Below the banner is an image of a natural forest and coastal landscape with a ship with two tall masts in the water. On the coast, there are people, possible colonizers, interacting. A large cross has been erected on the coast on the right hand side of the image. The dexter supporter and sinister supporter are moose standing a curling ribbon with text in capitalized black sans-serif font.\n15. [Bookplate by William Walker Alexander] Black ink on cream paper, depicting a satyr playing reed pipes in a field with some flowers, surrounded by wildlife (moose, rabbit, squirrel, beaver, birds). There is a forest and water nearby, and signs of human life (tent, canoe). Pictured within a circular frame, with ribbon and text, and a crow standing on a branch at the very top looking down.", "source": "cc/2023-06/en_head_0000.json.gz/line537365"}