pubmedid,title,abstract,termIds
38956389,DOK1 and DOK2 regulate CD8 T cell signaling and memory formation without affecting tumor cell killing.,"Targeting intracellular inhibiting proteins has been revealed to be a promising strategy to improve CD8+ T cell anti-tumor efficacy. Here, we are focusing on intracellular inhibiting proteins specific to TCR signaling: DOK1 and DOK2 expressed in T cells. We hypothesized that depletion of intracellular inhibition checkpoint DOK1 and DOK2 could improve CD8+ T-cell based cancer therapies. To evaluate the role of DOK1 and DOK2 depletion in physiology and effector function of CD8+ T lymphocytes and in cancer progression, we established a transgenic T cell receptor mouse model specific to melanoma antigen hgp100 (pmel-1 TCR Tg) in WT and Dok1/Dok2 DKO (double KO) mice. We showed that both DOK1 and DOK2 depletion in CD8+ T cells after an in vitro pre-stimulation induced a higher percentage of effector memory T cells as well as an up regulation of TCR signaling cascade- induced by CD3 mAbs, including the increased levels of pAKT and pERK, two major phosphoproteins involved in T cell functions. Interestingly, this improved TCR signaling was not observed in naïve CD8+ T cells. Despite this enhanced TCR signaling essentially shown upon stimulation via CD3 mAbs, pre-stimulated Dok1/Dok2 DKO CD8+ T cells did not show any increase in their activation or cytotoxic capacities against melanoma cell line expressing hgp100 in vitro. Altogether we demonstrate here a novel aspect of the negative regulation by DOK1 and DOK2 proteins in CD8+ T cells. Indeed, our results allow us to conclude that DOK1 and DOK2 have an inhibitory role following long term T cell stimulations.","['D000818', 'D018414', 'D016601', 'D015398', 'D051379', 'D048868', 'D010750', 'D004268', 'D007156', 'D011948', 'D018345', 'D045744', 'D008822']"
38956385,A single-cell chromatin accessibility dataset of human primed and naïve pluripotent stem cell-derived teratoma.,"Teratoma, due to its remarkable ability to differentiate into multiple cell lineages, is a valuable model for studying human embryonic development. The similarity of the gene expression and chromatin accessibility patterns in these cells to those observed in vivo further underscores its potential as a research tool. Notably, teratomas derived from human naïve (pre-implantation epiblast-like) pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have larger embryonic cell diversity and contain extraembryonic lineages, making them more suitable to study developmental processes. However, the cell type-specific epigenetic profiles of naïve PSC teratomas have not been yet characterized. Using single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq), we analyzed 66,384 cell profiles from five teratomas derived from human naïve PSCs and their post-implantation epiblast-like (primed) counterparts. We observed 17 distinct cell types from both embryonic and extraembryonic lineages, resembling the corresponding cell types in human fetal tissues. Additionally, we identified key transcription factors specific to different cell types. Our dataset provides a resource for investigating gene regulatory programs in a relevant model of human embryonic development.","['D006801', 'D013724', 'D039904', 'D002843', 'D059010', 'D019070', 'D014157']"
38956367,RNA demethylase FTO participates in malignant progression of gastric cancer by regulating SP1-AURKB-ATM pathway.,"Gastric cancer (GC) is the 5th most prevalent cancer and the 4th primary cancer-associated mortality globally. As the first identified m6A demethylase for removing RNA methylation modification, fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) plays instrumental roles in cancer development. Therefore, we study the biological functions and oncogenic mechanisms of FTO in GC tumorigenesis and progression. In our study, FTO expression is obviously upregulated in GC tissues and cells. The upregulation of FTO is associated with advanced nerve invasion, tumor size, and LNM, as well as the poor prognosis in GC patients, and promoted GC cell viability, colony formation, migration and invasion. Mechanistically, FTO targeted specificity protein 1 and Aurora Kinase B, resulting in the phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated and P38 and dephosphorylation of P53. In conclusion, the m6A demethylase FTO promotes GC tumorigenesis and progression by regulating the SP1-AURKB-ATM pathway, which may highlight the potential of FTO as a diagnostic biomarker for GC patients' therapy response and prognosis.","['D006801', 'D000071516', 'D013274', 'D045744', 'D064007', 'D016329', 'D064107', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D015972', 'D018450', 'D008875', 'D015398', 'D011379', 'D051379', 'D000818']"
38956309,Altered serum interleukin-17A and interleukin-23A levels may be associated with the pathophysiology and development of generalized anxiety disorder.,"In recent times, the pathogenesis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and the influence of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines on it have garnered considerable interest. Cytokine research, especially Th-17 cytokine research on GAD patients, is limited. Here, we aim to assess the role of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and interleukin-23A (IL-23A) in the pathophysiology and development of GAD. This investigation included 50 GAD patients and 38 age-sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). A psychiatrist diagnosed patients with GAD and assessed symptom severity using the DSM-5 and the GAD-7 scales. The serum concentrations of IL-17A and IL-23A were determined using commercially available ELISA kits. GAD patients exhibited elevated levels of IL-17A (77.14 ± 58.30 pg/ml) and IL-23A (644.90 ± 296.70 pg/ml) compared to HCs (43.50 ± 25.54 pg/ml and 334.40 ± 176.0 pg/ml). We observed a positive correlation between disease severity and cytokine changes (IL-23A: r = 0.359, p = 0.039; IL-17A: r = 0.397, p = 0.032). These findings indicate that IL-17A and IL-23A may be associated with the pathophysiology of GAD. ROC analysis revealed moderately higher AUC values (IL-23A: 0.824 and IL-17A: 0.710), demonstrating their potential to discriminate between patients and HCs. Also, the sensitivity values of both cytokines were relatively higher (IL-23A: 80.49% and IL-17A: 77.27%). According to the present findings, there may be an association between peripheral serum levels of IL-17A and IL-23A and the pathophysiology and development of GAD. These altered serum IL-17A and IL-23A levels may play a role in directing the early risk of developing GAD. We recommend further research to ascertain their exact role in the pathophysiology and their performance as risk assessment markers of GAD.","['D006801', 'D020381', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D001008', 'D000328', 'D053760', 'D016022', 'D015415', 'D008875', 'D012720']"
38956302,GRK specificity and Gβγ dependency determines the potential of a GPCR for arrestin-biased agonism.,"G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are mainly regulated by GPCR kinase (GRK) phosphorylation and subsequent β-arrestin recruitment. The ubiquitously expressed GRKs are classified into cytosolic GRK2/3 and membrane-tethered GRK5/6 subfamilies. GRK2/3 interact with activated G protein βγ-subunits to translocate to the membrane. Yet, this need was not linked as a factor for bias, influencing the effectiveness of β-arrestin-biased agonist creation. Using multiple approaches such as GRK2/3 mutants unable to interact with Gβγ, membrane-tethered GRKs and G protein inhibitors in GRK2/3/5/6 knockout cells, we show that G protein activation will precede GRK2/3-mediated β-arrestin2 recruitment to activated receptors. This was independent of the source of free Gβγ and observable for Gs-, Gi- and Gq-coupled GPCRs. Thus, β-arrestin interaction for GRK2/3-regulated receptors is inseparably connected with G protein activation. We outline a theoretical framework of how GRK dependence on free Gβγ can determine a GPCR's potential for biased agonism. Due to this inherent cellular mechanism for GRK2/3 recruitment and receptor phosphorylation, we anticipate generation of β-arrestin-biased ligands to be mechanistically challenging for the subgroup of GPCRs exclusively regulated by GRK2/3, but achievable for GRK5/6-regulated receptors, that do not demand liberated Gβγ. Accordingly, GRK specificity of any GPCR is foundational for developing arrestin-biased ligands.","['D006801', 'D044388', 'D057809', 'D044387', 'D054768', 'D043562', 'D010766', 'D000818', 'D015398']"
38956295,Bacillaceae serine proteases and Streptomyces epsilon-poly-L-lysine synergistically inactivate Caliciviridae by inhibiting RNA genome release.,"Human norovirus (HuNoV) is an enteric infectious pathogen belonging to the Caliciviridae family that causes occasional epidemics. Circulating alcohol-tolerant viral particles that are readily transmitted via food-borne routes significantly contribute to the global burden of HuNoV-induced gastroenteritis. Moreover, contact with enzymes secreted by other microorganisms in the environment can impact the infectivity of viruses. Hence, understanding the circulation dynamics of Caliciviridae is critical to mitigating epidemics. Accordingly, in this study, we screened whether environmentally abundant secretase components, particularly proteases, affect Caliciviridae infectivity. Results showed that combining Bacillaceae serine proteases with epsilon-poly-L-lysine (EPL) produced by Streptomyces-a natural antimicrobial-elicited anti-Caliciviridae properties, including against the epidemic HuNoV GII.4_Sydney_2012 strain. In vitro and in vivo biochemical and virological analyses revealed that EPL has two unique synergistic viral inactivation functions. First, it maintains an optimal pH to promote viral surface conformational changes to the protease-sensitive structure. Subsequently, it inhibits viral RNA genome release via partial protease digestion at the P2 and S domains in the VP1 capsid. This study provides new insights regarding the high-dimensional environmental interactions between bacteria and Caliciviridae, while promoting the development of protease-based anti-viral disinfectants.","['D013302', 'D011107', 'D057057', 'D001406', 'D012367', 'D006801', 'D016679', 'D000818', 'D029322', 'D038301', 'D002139', 'D000998']"
38956289,Neuropeptide natalisin regulates reproductive behaviors in Spodoptera frugiperda.,"Natalisin (NTL) is a conserved neuropeptide, only present in insects, that has been reported to regulate their sexual activity. In this study, we investigated the involvement of NTL in the reproductive behaviors of a major invasive pest, Spodoptera frugiperda. We identified NTL precursor-encoded transcripts, and evaluated their transcript levels in different stages and tissues of S. frugiperda. The results showed that the NTL transcript level was expressed in both male and female pupae and both male and female adults in the later stage. It was highly expressed in male pupae, 3-day-old male and female adults, and 5-day-old male adults. In different tissues, the expression level is higher in the male and female adult brain and male testis. Immunohistochemical staining of the brain of S. frugiperda female and male adults revealed that three pairs of brain neurons of S. frugiperda adults of both sexes secreted and expressed NTL. To study the role of NTL in reproductive behaviors, NTL was silenced in S. frugiperda male and female adults by RNA interference (RNAi) technology, the results showed that silencing NTL could significantly affect the sexual activity behavior of the adults, reducing the calling rate of females, the courtship rate of males, and the mating rate. In summary, this study emphasizes the important role of NTL in regulating the mating behavior and sexual activity of S. frugiperda in both male and female adults, potentially laying a foundation to employ NTL as a new insect-specific target to control populations of pest insects.","['D000818', 'D018411', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D009479', 'D012726', 'D019476', 'D001921', 'D034622', 'D012098']"
38956286,Whole genome sequencing and analysis of the weed pathogen Trichoderma polysporum HZ-31.,"In order to resolve the key genes for weed control by Trichoderma polysporum at the genomic level, we extracted the genomic DNA and sequenced the whole genome of T. polysporum strain HZ-31 on the Illumina Hiseq platform. The raw data was cleaned up using Trimmomatic and checked for quality using FastQC. The sequencing data was assembled using SPAdes, and GeneMark was used to perform gene prediction on the assembly results. The results showed that the genome size of T. polysporum HZ-31 was 39,325,746 bp, with 48% GC content, and the number of genes encoded was 11,998. A total of 148 tRNAs and 45 rRNAs were predicted. A total of 782 genes were annotated in the Carbohydrase Database, 757 genes were annotated to the Pathogen-Host Interaction Database, and 67 gene clusters were identified. In addition, 1023 genes were predicted to be signal peptide proteins. The annotation and functional analysis of the whole genome sequence of T. polymorpha HZ-31 provide a basis for the in-depth study of the molecular mechanism of its herbicidal action and more effective utilization for weed control.","['D014242', 'D000073336', 'D016681', 'D058977', 'D001482', 'D005656', 'D054884']"
38956281,Neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio is a potential marker of intravenous immunoglobulin resistance in Kawasaki disease.,"Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance in Kawasaki disease (KD) was associated with coronary artery lesions. Neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR) is an index of mortality in several inflammatory diseases. This study focused on the association of NPAR with IVIG- resistance in KD. Clinical and laboratory data of 438 children with KD before IVIG treatment were retrospectively analyzed. Notably, high NPAR was associated with older age, high WBC, NP, ALT, total bilirubin and CRP, as well as with high the incidence of IVIG-resistance, and with low hemoglobin (Hb), PLT, ALB and sodium levels. NPAR (OR: 2.366, 95% CI: 1.46-3.897, p = 0.001) and Hb (OR: 0.967, 95% CI: 0.944-0.989, p = 0.004) were independent risk factors for IVIG-resistance. NPAR showed linear relation with IVIG-resistance (p for nonlinear = 0.711) and the nonlinear correlation was found between IVIG-resistance and Hb (p for nonlinear = 0.002). The predictive performance of NPAR was superior to Beijing model (z = 2.193, p = 0.028), and not inferior to Chongqing model (z = 0.983, p = 0.326) and the combination of NPAR and Hb (z = 1.912, p = 0.056). These findings revealed that NPAR is a reliable predictor of IVIG-resistance.","['D006801', 'D009080', 'D016756', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D009504', 'D002675', 'D004351', 'D007223', 'D015415', 'D012189', 'D002648', 'D000418']"
38956272,Genome-wide identification of the sorghum OVATE gene family and revelation of its expression characteristics in sorghum seeds and leaves.,"The OVATE gene family plays an important role in regulating the development of plant organs and resisting stress, but its expression characteristics and functions in sorghum have not been revealed. In this study, we identified 26 OVATE genes in the sorghum BTx623 genome, which were divided into four groups and distributed unevenly across 9 chromosomes. Evolutionary analysis showed that after differentiation between sorghum and Arabidopsis, the OVATE gene family may have experienced unique expansion events, and all OVATE family members were negatively selected. Transcriptome sequencing and RT-qPCR results showed that OVATE genes in sorghum showed diverse expression characteristics, such as gene SORBl_3001G468900 and SORBl_3009G173400 were significantly expressed in seeds, while SORBI_3005G042700 and SORBI_3002G417700 were only highly expressed in L1. Meantime, in the promoter region, a large number of hormone-associated cis-acting elements were identified, and these results suggest that members of the OVATE gene family may be involved in regulating specific development of sorghum leaves and seeds. This study improves the understanding of the OVATE gene family of sorghum and provides important clues for further exploration of the function of the OVATE gene family.","['D045868', 'D012639', 'D018506', 'D018515', 'D005810', 'D010940', 'D018745', 'D010802', 'D020869', 'D019143', 'D011401', 'D032461', 'D017343']"
38956267,Identification of a novel lactylation-related gene signature predicts the prognosis of multiple myeloma and experiment verification.,"Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological malignancy with poor survival. Accumulating evidence reveals that lactylation modification plays a vital role in tumorigenesis. However, research on lactylation-related genes (LRGs) in predicting the prognosis of MM remains limited. Differentially expressed LRGs (DELRGs) between MM and normal samples were investigated from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Univariate Cox regression and LASSO Cox regression analysis were applied to construct gene signature associated with overall survival. The signature was validated in two external datasets. A nomogram was further constructed and evaluated. Additionally, Enrichment analysis, immune analysis, and drug chemosensitivity analysis between the two groups were investigated. qPCR and immunofluorescence staining were performed to validate the expression and localization of PFN1. CCK-8 and flow cytometry were performed to validate biological function. A total of 9 LRGs (TRIM28, PPIA, SOD1, RRP1B, IARS2, RB1, PFN1, PRCC, and FABP5) were selected to establish the prognostic signature. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that high-risk group patients had a remarkably worse prognosis in the training and validation cohorts. A nomogram was constructed based on LRGs signature and clinical characteristics, and showed excellent predictive power by calibration curve and C-index. Moreover, biological pathways, immunologic status, as well as sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs were different between high- and low-risk groups. Additionally, the hub gene PFN1 is highly expressed in MM, knocking down PFN1 induces cell cycle arrest, suppresses cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis. In conclusion, our study revealed that LRGs signature is a promising biomarker for MM that can effectively early distinguish high-risk patients and predict prognosis.","['D006801', 'D009101', 'D011379', 'D051304', 'D015972', 'D014408', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D049451', 'D049109', 'D020869', 'D053208', 'D045744', 'D059467', 'D017209', 'D008875']"
38956257,Identification of key biomarkers for early warning of diabetic retinopathy using BP neural network algorithm and hierarchical clustering analysis.,"Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common microangiopathy in diabetes, essentially caused by abnormal blood glucose metabolism resulting from insufficient insulin secretion or reduced insulin activity. Epidemiological survey results show that about one third of diabetes patients have signs of diabetic retinopathy, and another third may suffer from serious retinopathy that threatens vision. However, the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy is still unclear, and there is no systematic method to detect the onset of the disease and effectively predict its occurrence. In this study, we used medical detection data from diabetic retinopathy patients to determine key biomarkers that induce disease onset through back propagation neural network algorithm and hierarchical clustering analysis, ultimately obtaining early warning signals of the disease. The key markers that induce diabetic retinopathy have been detected, which can also be used to explore the induction mechanism of disease occurrence and deliver strong warning signal before disease occurrence. We found that multiple clinical indicators that form key markers, such as glycated hemoglobin, serum uric acid, alanine aminotransferase are closely related to the occurrence of the disease. They respectively induced disease from the aspects of the individual lipid metabolism, cell oxidation reduction, bone metabolism and bone resorption and cell function of blood coagulation. The key markers that induce diabetic retinopathy complications do not act independently, but form a complete module to coordinate and work together before the onset of the disease, and transmit a strong warning signal. The key markers detected by this algorithm are more sensitive and effective in the early warning of disease. Hence, a new method related to key markers is proposed for the study of diabetic microvascular lesions. In clinical prediction and diagnosis, doctors can use key markers to give early warning of individual diseases and make early intervention.","['D006801', 'D003930', 'D015415', 'D016571', 'D016000', 'D000465', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D042241', 'D008875', 'D006442']"
38956249,The inverted U-shaped association between blood fibrinogen and rehospitalization risk in patients with heart failure.,"Fibrinogen, a biomarker of thrombosis and inflammation, is related to a high risk for cardiovascular diseases. However, studies on the prognostic value of blood fibrinogen concentrations for heart failure (HF) patients are few and controversial. We performed a retrospective analysis among acute or deteriorating chronic HF patients admitted to a hospital in Sichuan, China, between 2016 and 2019, integrating electronic health care records and external outcome data (N = 1532). During 6 months of follow-up, 579 HF patients were readmitted within 6 months, and 46 of them died. Surprisingly, we found an inverted U-shaped association of blood fibrinogen levels with risk of readmission within 6 months but not with risk of death within 6 months. It was found that HF patients had the highest risk for readmission within 6 months after reaching the turning point for blood fibrinogen (2.4 g/L). In HF patients with low fibrinogen levels < 2.4 g/L, elevated fibrinogen concentrations were still significantly associated with a higher risk for readmission within 6 months [OR = 2.3, 95% CI (1.2, 4.6); P = 0.014] after controlling for relevant covariates. There was no significant association between blood fibrinogen and readmission within 6 months [(OR = 1.0, 95% CI (0.9, 1.1); P = 0.675] in HF patients with high fibrinogen (> 2.4 g/L). The effect difference for the two subgroups was significant (P = 0.014). However, we did not observe any association between blood fibrinogen and death within 6 months stratified by the turning point, and the effect difference for the stratification was not significant (P = 0.380). We observed an inverted U-shaped association between blood fibrinogen and rehospitalization risk in HF patients for the first time. Additionally, our results did not support that elevated blood fibrinogen was related to increased death risk after discharge.","['D006801', 'D005340', 'D006333', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D010359', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D012189', 'D015415', 'D002681', 'D012307', 'D011379', 'D000369']"
38956234,Rapamycin-encapsulated nanoparticle delivery in polycystic kidney disease mice.,"Rapamycin slows cystogenesis in murine models of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) but failed in clinical trials, potentially due to insufficient drug dosing. To improve drug efficiency without increasing dose, kidney-specific drug delivery may be used. Mesoscale nanoparticles (MNP) selectively target the proximal tubules in rodents. We explored whether MNPs can target cystic kidney tubules and whether rapamycin-encapsulated-MNPs (RapaMNPs) can slow cyst growth in Pkd1 knockout (KO) mice. MNP was intravenously administered in adult Pkd1KO mice. Serum and organs were harvested after 8, 24, 48 or 72 h to measure MNP localization, mTOR levels, and rapamycin concentration. Pkd1KO mice were then injected bi-weekly for 6 weeks with RapaMNP, rapamycin, or vehicle to determine drug efficacy on kidney cyst growth. Single MNP injections lead to kidney-preferential accumulation over other organs, specifically in tubules and cysts. Likewise, one RapaMNP injection resulted in higher drug delivery to the kidney compared to the liver, and displayed sustained mTOR inhibition. Bi-weekly injections with RapaMNP, rapamycin or vehicle for 6 weeks resulted in inconsistent mTOR inhibition and little change in cyst index, however. MNPs serve as an effective short-term, kidney-specific delivery system, but long-term RapaMNP failed to slow cyst progression in Pkd1KO mice.","['D000818', 'D020123', 'D051379', 'D007690', 'D018345', 'D053758', 'D004195', 'D058570', 'D050396', 'D007668', 'D016503', 'D008297']"
38956232,A retrospective study of adjuvant albumin-bound paclitaxel plus S-1 after D2 gastrectomy versus oxaliplatin plus S-1 in gastric cancer.,"Adjuvant oxaliplatin plus S-1 (SOX) chemotherapy for gastric cancer (GC) after D2 gastrectomy has been proven effective. There has yet to be a study that evaluates adjuvant nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) plus S-1. In this single-center, retrospective study, GC patients after D2 gastrectomy received either nab-paclitaxel plus S-1 (AS group) or SOX group were recruited between January 2018 and December 2020 in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University. Intravenous nab-paclitaxel 120 mg/m2 or 260 mg/m2 and oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 were administered as eight 3 week cycle, especially in the AS and SOX group. Patients received S-1 twice daily with a dose of 40 mg/m2 in the two groups on days 1-14 of each cycle. The end points were disease-free survival (DFS) rate at 3 years and adverse events (AEs). There were 56 eligible patients, 28 in the AS group and 35 in the SOX group. The 3 year DFS rate was 78.0% in AS group versus 70.7% in SOX group (p = 0.46). Subgroup analysis showed that the patients with signet-ring positive in the AS group had a prolonged DFS compared with the SOX group (40.0 vs. 13.8 m, p = 0.02). The diffuse-type GC or low differentiation in the AS group was associated with numerically prolonged DFS compared with the SOX group, but the association was not statistically significant (p = 0.27 and p = 0.15 especially). Leukopenia (14.3%) were the most prevalent AEs in the AS group, while thrombocytopenia (28.5%) in the SOX group. Neutropenia (7.1% in AS group) and thrombocytopenia (22.8% in SOX group) were the most common grade 3 or 4 AEs. In this study analyzing past data, a tendency towards a greater 3 year DFS was observed when using AS regimen in signet-ring positive patients. AS group had fewer thrombocytopenia compared to SOX group. More studies should be conducted with larger sample sizes.","['D006801', 'D013274', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D005641', 'D008875', 'D000077150', 'D012189', 'D005743', 'D004338', 'D010094', 'D000971', 'D000368', 'D017024', 'D000068196', 'D000328', 'D018572', 'D017239', 'D000418']"
38956231,Exploring self-reported visual function and vision-related anxiety in patients with RPGR-associated retinal degeneration.,"Variants in the retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) gene are responsible for the majority of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa cases, which not only affects male patients but also some heterozygous females. Vision-related disability and anxiety of patients with RPGR-associated retinal degeneration have never been explored before. This study aimed to evaluate self-reported visual function and vision-related anxiety in a Portuguese cohort of male and female patients with RPGR-associated retinal degeneration using two validated patient-reported outcome measures. Cross-sectional data of thirty-two genetically-tested patients was examined, including scores of the Michigan retinal degeneration questionnaire (MRDQ) and Michigan vision-related anxiety questionnaire. Patients were classified according to retinal phenotypes in males (M), females with male phenotype (FM), and females with radial or focal pattern. Both M and FM revealed higher rod-function and cone-function anxiety scores (p < 0.017). Most MRDQ disability scores were higher in M and FM (p < 0.004). Overall, positive correlations (p < 0.004) were found between every MRDQ domain and both anxiety scores. In RPGR-associated retinal degeneration, males and females with male phenotype show similar levels of increased vision-related anxiety and disability. Every MRDQ visual function domain showed a strong correlation with anxiety scores.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D001007', 'D057566', 'D012162', 'D005136', 'D003430', 'D012174', 'D000368', 'D010641', 'D055815', 'D011795']"
38956222,Impact of Bariatric Surgery on metabolic health in a Uruguayan cohort and the emerging predictive role of FSTL1.,"Obesity poses significant challenges, necessitating comprehensive strategies for effective intervention. Bariatric Surgery (BS) has emerged as a crucial therapeutic approach, demonstrating success in weight loss and comorbidity improvement. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of BS in a cohort of 48 Uruguayan patients and investigate the interplay between BS and clinical and metabolic features, with a specific focus on FSTL1, an emerging biomarker associated with obesity and inflammation. We quantitatively analyzed BS outcomes and constructed linear models to identify variables impacting BS success. The study revealed the effectiveness of BS in improving metabolic and clinical parameters. Importantly, variables correlating with BS success were identified, with higher pre-surgical FSTL1 levels associated with an increased effect of BS on BMI reduction. FSTL1 levels were measured from patient plasma using an ELISA kit pre-surgery and six months after. This research, despite limitations of a small sample size and limited follow-up time, contributes valuable insights into understanding and predicting the success of BS, highlighting the potential role of FSTL1 as a useful biomarker in obesity.","['D006801', 'D038702', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D050110', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D015415', 'D009765', 'D014583', 'D015331', 'D015431', 'D016896', 'D015992']"
38956220,Biophysical and structural studies of fibulin-2.,"Fibulin-2 is a multidomain, disulfide-rich, homodimeric protein which belongs to a broader extracellular matrix family. It plays an important role in the development of elastic fiber structures. Malfunction of fibulin due to mutation or poor expression can result in a variety of diseases including synpolydactyly, limb abnormalities, eye disorders leading to blindness, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Traditionally, fibulins have either been produced in mammalian cell systems or were isolated from the extracellular matrix, a procedure that results in poor availability for structural and functional studies. Here, we produced seven fibulin-2 constructs covering 62% of the mature protein (749 out of 1195 residues) using a prokaryotic expression system. Biophysical studies confirm that the purified constructs are folded and that the presence of disulfide bonds within the constructs makes them extremely thermostable. In addition, we solved the first crystal structure for any fibulin isoform, a structure corresponding to the previously suggested three motifs related to anaphylatoxin. The structure reveals that the three anaphylatoxins moieties form a single-domain structure.","['D006801', 'D002135', 'D016326', 'D018360', 'D008958', 'D011487', 'D011994', 'D055550', 'D000072417']"
38956216,Analysis of hemodynamics and impedance using bioelectrical impedance analysis in hypovolemic shock-induced swine model.,"To treat hypovolemic shock, fluid infusion or blood transfusion is essential to address insufficient volume. Much controversy surrounds resuscitation in hypovolemic shock. We aimed to identify the ideal fluid combination for treating hypovolemic shock-induced swine model, analyzing bioelectrical impedance and hemodynamics. Fifteen female three-way crossbred pigs were divided into three different groups. The three resuscitation fluids were (1) balanced crystalloid, (2) balanced crystalloid + 5% dextrose water, and (3) balanced crystalloid + 20% albumin. The experiment was divided into three phases and conducted sequentially: (1) controlled hemorrhage (1 L bleeding, 60 min), (2) resuscitation phase 1 (1 L fluid infusion, 60 min), and (3) resuscitation phase 2 (1 L fluid infusion, 60 min). Bioelectrical impedance analysis was implemented with a segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer. A total of 61 impedance measurements were assessed for each pig at six different frequencies in five segments of the pig. Pulse rate (PR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), stroke volume (SV), and stroke volume variation (SVV) were measured using a minimally invasive hemodynamic monitoring device. The three-dimensional graph showed a curved pattern when infused with 1 L of balanced crystalloid + 1 L of 5% dextrose water and 1.6 L of balanced crystalloid + 400 ml of 20% albumin. The 1M impedance increased in all groups during the controlled hemorrhage, and continuously decreased from fluid infusion to the end of the experiment. Only balanced crystalloid + 20% albumin significantly restored MAP and SV to the same level as the start of the experiment after the end of fluid infusion. There were no significant differences in MAP and SV from the time of recovery to the initial value of 1M impedance to the end of fluid infusion in all groups. The change and the recovery of hemodynamic indices such as MAP and SV coincide with the change and the recovery of 1M impedance. Using balanced crystalloid mixed with 20% albumin in hypovolemic shock-induced swine model may be helpful in securing hemodynamic stability, compared with balanced crystalloid single administration.","['D000818', 'D013552', 'D017097', 'D006439', 'D005260', 'D012769', 'D004195', 'D005440', 'D012151', 'D000077324', 'D000418']"
38956215,Electrical stimulation enhances sciatic nerve regeneration using a silk-based conductive scaffold beyond traditional nerve guide conduits.,"Despite recent advancements in peripheral nerve regeneration, the creation of nerve conduits with chemical and physical cues to enhance glial cell function and support axonal growth remains challenging. This study aimed to assess the impact of electrical stimulation (ES) using a conductive nerve conduit on sciatic nerve regeneration in a rat model with transection injury. The study involved the fabrication of conductive nerve conduits using silk fibroin and Au nanoparticles (AuNPs). Collagen hydrogel loaded with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) served as the filling for the conduit. Both conductive and non-conductive conduits were applied with and without ES in rat models. Locomotor recovery was assessed using walking track analysis. Histological evaluations were performed using H&E, luxol fast blue staining and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, TEM analysis was conducted to distinguish various ultrastructural aspects of sciatic tissue. In the ES + conductive conduit group, higher S100 (p < 0.0001) and neurofilament (p < 0.001) expression was seen after 6 weeks. Ultrastructural evaluations showed that conductive scaffolds with ES minimized Wallerian degeneration. Furthermore, the conductive conduit with ES group demonstrated significantly increased myelin sheet thickness and decreased G. ratio compared to the autograft. Immunofluorescent images confirmed the presence of GFP-positive ADSCs by the 6th week. Locomotor recovery assessments revealed improved function in the conductive conduit with ES group compared to the control group and groups without ES. These results show that a Silk/AuNPs conduit filled with ADSC-seeded collagen hydrogel can function as a nerve conduit, aiding in the restoration of substantial gaps in the sciatic nerve with ES. Histological and locomotor evaluations indicated that ES had a greater impact on functional recovery compared to using a conductive conduit alone, although the use of conductive conduits did enhance the effects of ES.","['D000818', 'D009416', 'D012584', 'D051381', 'D054457', 'D006046', 'D017207', 'D047011', 'D059630', 'D004558', 'D005349', 'D053768', 'D008297', 'D020127', 'D048091', 'D020100']"
38956194,Autophagy and ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis processes in left ventricular mass loss in pulmonary arterial hypertension.,"The goal of this study was to evaluate the intensity of autophagy and ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis processes occurring in myocardium of left ventricle (LV) in subsequent stages of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) to determine mechanisms responsible for LV mass loss in a monocrotaline-induced PAH rat model. LV myocardium samples collected from 32 Wistar rats were analyzed in an early PAH group (n = 8), controls time-paired (n = 8), an end-stage PAH group (n = 8), and their controls (n = 8). Samples were subjected to histological analyses with immunofluorescence staining, autophagy assessment by western blotting, and evaluation of ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis in the LV by immunoprecipitation of ubiquitinated proteins. Echocardiographic, hemodynamic, and heart morphometric parameters were assessed regularly throughout the experiment. Considerable morphological and hemodynamic remodeling of the LV was observed over the course of PAH. The end-stage PAH was associated with significantly impaired LV systolic function and a decrease in LV mass. The LC3B-II expression in the LV was significantly higher in the end-stage PAH group compared to the early PAH group (p = 0.040). The measured LC3B-II/LC3B-I ratios in the end-stage PAH group were significantly elevated compared to the controls (p = 0.039). Immunofluorescence staining showed a significant increase in the abundance of LC3 puncta in the end-stage PAH group compared to the matched controls. There were no statistically significant differences in the levels of expression of all ubiquitinated proteins when comparing both PAH groups and matched controls. Autophagy may be considered as the mechanism behind the LV mass loss at the end stage of PAH.","['D000818', 'D001343', 'D025801', 'D006352', 'D017208', 'D059748', 'D051381', 'D008297', 'D000081029', 'D004195', 'D009206', 'D004452', 'D006976', 'D020257']"
38956183,An automatic deep reinforcement learning bolus calculator for automated insulin delivery systems.,"In hybrid automatic insulin delivery (HAID) systems, meal disturbance is compensated by feedforward control, which requires the announcement of the meal by the patient with type 1 diabetes (DM1) to achieve the desired glycemic control performance. The calculation of insulin bolus in the HAID system is based on the amount of carbohydrates (CHO) in the meal and patient-specific parameters, i.e. carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio (CR) and insulin sensitivity-related correction factor (CF). The estimation of CHO in a meal is prone to errors and is burdensome for patients. This study proposes a fully automatic insulin delivery (FAID) system that eliminates patient intervention by compensating for unannounced meals. This study exploits the deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm to calculate insulin bolus for unannounced meals without utilizing the information on CHO content. The DRL bolus calculator is integrated with a closed-loop controller and a meal detector (both previously developed by our group) to implement the FAID system. An adult cohort of 68 virtual patients based on the modified UVa/Padova simulator was used for in-silico trials. The percentage of the overall duration spent in the target range of 70-180 mg/dL was 71.2 %  and 76.2 %  , < 70  mg/dL was 0.9 %  and 0.1 %  , and > 180  mg/dL was 26.7 %  and 21.1 %  , respectively, for the FAID system and HAID system utilizing a standard bolus calculator (SBC) including CHO misestimation. The proposed algorithm can be exploited to realize FAID systems in the future.","['D007328', 'D006801', 'D003922', 'D007332', 'D000077321', 'D000465', 'D001786', 'D000328', 'D007004']"
38956179,Antimicrobial peptide 2K4L inhibits the inflammatory response in macrophages and Caenorhabditis elegans and protects against LPS-induced septic shock in mice.,"2K4L is a rationally designed analog of the short α-helical peptide temporin-1CEc, a natural peptide isolated and purified from the skin secretions of the Chinese brown frog Rana chensinensis by substituting amino acid residues. 2K4L displayed improved and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity than temporin-1CEc in vitro. Here, the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of 2K4L in macrophages, C. elegans and mice were investigated. The results demonstrated that 2K4L could enter THP-1 cells to kill a multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain (MRAB 0227) and a sensitive A. baumannii strain (AB 22933), as well as reduce proinflammatory responses induced by MRAB 0227 by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. Similarly, 2K4L exhibited strong bactericidal activity against A. baumannii uptake into C. elegans, extending the lifespan and healthspan of the nematodes. Meanwhile, 2K4L alleviated the oxidative stress response by inhibiting the expression of core genes in the p38 MAPK/PMK-1 signaling pathway and downregulating the phosphorylation level of p38, thereby protecting the nematodes from damage by A. baumannii. Finally, in an LPS-induced septic model, 2K4L enhanced the survival of septic mice and decreased the production of proinflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the signaling protein expression of the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and protecting LPS-induced septic mice from a lethal inflammatory response. In conclusion, 2K4L ameliorated LPS-induced inflammation both in vitro and in vivo.","['D000818', 'D017173', 'D051379', 'D040981', 'D008264', 'D008070', 'D012772', 'D016328', 'D000089882', 'D006801', 'D048051', 'D015398', 'D007249', 'D000900', 'D000893', 'D018384', 'D020928', 'D029742']"
38956161,In a rat model of bypass DuraGraft ameliorates endothelial dysfunction of arterial grafts.,"Coronary artery bypass surgery can result in endothelial dysfunction due to ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. Previous studies have demonstrated that DuraGraft helps maintain endothelial integrity of saphenous vein grafts during ischemic conditions. In this study, we investigated the potential of DuraGraft to mitigate endothelial dysfunction in arterial grafts after IR injury using an aortic transplantation model. Lewis rats (n = 7-9/group) were divided in three groups. Aortic arches from the control group were prepared and rings were immediately placed in organ baths, while the aortic arches of IR and IR + DuraGraft rats were preserved in saline or DuraGraft, respectively, for 1 h before being transplanted heterotopically. After 1 h after reperfusion, the grafts were explanted, rings were prepared, and mounted in organ baths. Our results demonstrated that the maximum endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation to acetylcholine was significantly impaired in the IR group compared to the control group, but DuraGraft improved it (control: 89 ± 2%; IR: 24 ± 1%; IR + DuraGraft: 48 ± 1%, p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed decreased intercellular adhesion molecule-1, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, caspase-3 and caspase-8 expression, while endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 immunoreactivity was increased in the IR + DuraGraft grafts compared to the IR-group. DuraGraft mitigates endothelial dysfunction following IR injury in a rat bypass model. Its protective effect may be attributed, at least in part, to its ability to reduce the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.","['D000818', 'D051381', 'D004730', 'D015427', 'D011917', 'D008297', 'D001026', 'D018384', 'D018799', 'D004195', 'D000447', 'D053148', 'D014664', 'D017209', 'D000109']"
38956153,Zona incerta mediates early life isoflurane-induced fear memory deficits.,"The potential long-term effects of anesthesia on cognitive development, especially in neonates and infants, have raised concerns. However, our understanding of its underlying mechanisms and effective treatments is still limited. In this study, we found that early exposure to isoflurane (ISO) impaired fear memory retrieval, which was reversed by dexmedetomidine (DEX) pre-treatment. Measurement of c-fos expression revealed that ISO exposure significantly increased neuronal activation in the zona incerta (ZI). Fiber photometry recording showed that ZI neurons from ISO mice displayed enhanced calcium activity during retrieval of fear memory compared to the control group, while DEX treatment reduced this enhanced calcium activity. Chemogenetic inhibition of ZI neurons effectively rescued the impairments caused by ISO exposure. These findings suggest that the ZI may play a pivotal role in mediating the cognitive effects of anesthetics, offering a potential therapeutic target for preventing anesthesia-related cognitive impairments.","['D007530', 'D000818', 'D005239', 'D051379', 'D008569', 'D065820', 'D008297', 'D018685', 'D009474', 'D008810', 'D020927', 'D005260', 'D016760', 'D008568']"
38956152,Association between augmented levels of the gut pro-hormone Proneurotensin and subclinical vascular damage.,"Elevated levels of the gut pro-hormone Proneurotensin (proNT) have been found to predict development of cardiovascular disease. However, it is still unknown whether higher proNT levels are associated with subclinical vascular damage. Herein, we investigated the relationship between higher proNT concentrations and augmented pulse pressure (PP) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), indicators of increased arterial stiffness and subclinical atherosclerosis, respectively. Clinical characteristics, PP and cIMT were evaluated in 154 non-diabetic individuals stratified into tertiles according to fasting serum proNT concentrations. We found that, subjects with higher proNT levels exhibited a worse lipid profile and insulin sensitivity, increased C-reactive protein levels, along with higher values of PP and cIMT as compared to the lowest proNT tertile. Prevalence of elevated PP (≥ 60 mmHg) and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis (IMT > 0.9 mm) was increased in the highest tertile of proNT. In a logistic regression analysis adjusted for several confounders, subjects with higher proNT levels displayed a fivefold raised risk of having elevated PP values (OR 5.36; 95%CI 1.04-27.28; P = 0.05) and early carotid atherosclerosis (OR 4.81; 95%CI 1.39-16.57; P = 0.01) as compared to the lowest proNT tertile. In conclusion, higher circulating levels of proNT are a biomarker of subclinical vascular damage independent of other atherosclerotic risk factors.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D059168', 'D001794', 'D011498', 'D000328', 'D009496', 'D002340', 'D059289', 'D012307', 'D002097', 'D015415', 'D050197', 'D000368']"
38956143,MUC16 as a serum-based prognostic indicator of prometastatic gastric cancer.,"Metastatic gastric cancer (GC) presents significant clinical challenges due to its poor prognosis and limited treatment options. To address this, we conducted a targeted protein biomarker discovery study to identify markers predictive of metastasis in advanced GC (AGC). Serum samples from 176 AGC patients (T stage 3 or higher) were analyzed using the Olink Proteomics Target panels. Patients were retrospectively categorized into nonmetastatic, metastatic, and recurrence groups, and differential protein expression was assessed. Machine learning and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) methods were applied to discover biomarkers and predict prognosis. Four proteins (MUC16, CAIX, 5'-NT, and CD8A) were significantly elevated in metastatic GC patients compared to the control group. Additionally, GSEA indicated that the response to interleukin-4 and hypoxia-related pathways were enriched in metastatic patients. Random forest classification and decision-tree modeling showed that MUC16 could be a predictive marker for metastasis in GC patients. Additionally, ELISA validation confirmed elevated MUC16 levels in metastatic patients. Notably, high MUC16 levels were independently associated with metastatic progression in T3 or higher GC. These findings suggest the potential of MUC16 as a clinically relevant biomarker for identifying GC patients at high risk of metastasis.","['D006801', 'D013274', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D014408', 'D008875', 'D018394', 'D011379', 'D000368', 'D008565', 'D009362', 'D012189', 'D000328']"
38956138,Mosquitocidal toxin-like islands in Bacillus thuringiensis S2160-1 revealed by complete-genome sequence and MS proteomic analysis.,"Here, we present the whole genome sequence of Bt S2160-1, a potential alternative to the mosquitocidal model strain, Bti. One chromosome genome and four mega-plasmids were contained in Bt S2160-1, and 13 predicted genes encoding predicted insecticidal crystal proteins were identified clustered on one plasmid pS2160-1p2 containing two pathogenic islands (PAIs) designed as PAI-1 (Cry54Ba, Cry30Ea4, Cry69Aa-like, Cry50Ba2-like, Cry4Ca1-like, Cry30Ga2, Cry71Aa-like, Cry72Aa-like, Cry70Aa-like, Cyt1Da2-like and Vpb4C1-like) and PAI-2 (Cyt1Aa-like, and Tpp80Aa1-like). The clusters appear to represent mosquitocidal toxin islands similar to pathogenicity islands. Transcription/translation of 10 of the 13 predicted genes was confirmed by whole-proteome analysis using LTQ-Orbitrap LC-MS/MS. In summary, the present study identified the existence of a mosquitocidal toxin island in Bacillus thuringiensis, and provides important genomic information for understanding the insecticidal mechanism of B. thuringiensis.","['D001413', 'D040901', 'D001426', 'D007306', 'D000073336', 'D016680', 'D004731', 'D000083722', 'D044404', 'D020543', 'D010957', 'D053719', 'D000818', 'D006460']"
38956136,Vestibular hair cells are more prone to damage by excessive acceleration insult in the mouse with KCNQ4 dysfunction.,"KCNQ4 is a voltage-gated K+ channel was reported to distribute over the basolateral surface of type 1 vestibular hair cell and/or inner surface of calyx and heminode of the vestibular nerve connected to the type 1 vestibular hair cells of the inner ear. However, the precise localization of KCNQ4 is still controversial and little is known about the vestibular phenotypes caused by KCNQ4 dysfunction or the specific role of KCNQ4 in the vestibular organs. To investigate the role of KCNQ4 in the vestibular organ, 6-g hypergravity stimulation for 24 h, which represents excessive mechanical stimulation of the sensory epithelium, was applied to p.W277S Kcnq4 transgenic mice. KCNQ4 was detected on the inner surface of calyx of the vestibular afferent in transmission electron microscope images with immunogold labelling. Vestibular function decrease was more severe in the Kcnq4p.W277S/p.W277S mice than in the Kcnq4+/+ and Kcnq4+/p.W277S mice after the stimulation. The vestibular function loss was resulted from the loss of type 1 vestibular hair cells, which was possibly caused by increased depolarization duration. Retigabine, a KCNQ activator, prevented hypergravity-induced vestibular dysfunction and hair cell loss. Patients with KCNQ4 mutations also showed abnormal clinical vestibular function tests. These findings suggest that KCNQ4 plays an essential role in calyx and afferent of type 1 vestibular hair cell preserving vestibular function against excessive mechanical stimulation.","['D000818', 'D051656', 'D018069', 'D051379', 'D008822', 'D010655', 'D002219', 'D014722']"
38956132,Intestinal organoids to model Salmonella infection and its impact on progenitors.,"In order to survive and replicate, Salmonella has evolved mechanisms to gain access to intestinal epithelial cells of the crypt. However, the impact of Salmonella Typhimurium on stem cells and progenitors, which are responsible for the ability of the intestinal epithelium to renew and protect itself, remains unclear. Given that intestinal organoids growth is sustained by stem cells and progenitors activity, we have used this model to document the effects of Salmonella Typhimurium infection on epithelial proliferation and differentiation, and compared it to an in vivo model of Salmonella infection in mice. Among gut segments, the caecum was preferentially targeted by Salmonella. Analysis of infected crypts and organoids demonstrated increased length and size, respectively. mRNA transcription profiles of infected crypts and organoids pointed to upregulated EGFR-dependent signals, associated with a decrease in secretory cell lineage differentiation. To conclude, we show that organoids are suited to mimic the impact of Salmonella on stem cells and progenitors cells, carrying a great potential to drastically reduce the use of animals for scientific studies on that topic. In both models, the EGFR pathway, crucial to stem cells and progenitors proliferation and differentiation, is dysregulated by Salmonella, suggesting that repeated infections might have consequences on crypt integrity and further oncogenesis.","['D000818', 'D009940', 'D013234', 'D051379', 'D012486', 'D002454', 'D012480', 'D066246', 'D007413', 'D049109', 'D004195', 'D008810']"
38956130,"Loss of dysbindin-1 in excitatory neurons in mice impacts NMDAR-dependent behaviors, neuronal morphology and synaptic transmission in the ventral hippocampus.","Dysbindin-1, a protein encoded by the schizophrenia susceptibility gene DTNBP1, is reduced in the hippocampus of schizophrenia patients. It is expressed in various cellular populations of the brain and implicated in dopaminergic and glutamatergic transmission. To investigate the impact of reduced dysbindin-1 in excitatory cells on hippocampal-associated behaviors and synaptic transmission, we developed a conditional knockout mouse model with deletion of dysbindin-1 gene in CaMKIIα expressing cells. We found that dysbindin-1 reduction in CaMKII expressing cells resulted in impaired spatial and social memories, and attenuation of the effects of glutamate N-methyl-d-asparate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist MK801 on locomotor activity and prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI). Dysbindin-1 deficiency in CaMKII expressing cells also resulted in reduced protein levels of NMDAR subunit GluN1 and GluN2B. These changes were associated with increased expression of immature dendritic spines in basiliar dendrites and abnormalities in excitatory synaptic transmission in the ventral hippocampus. These results highlight the functional relevance of dysbindin-1 in excitatory cells and its implication in schizophrenia-related pathologies.","['D000818', 'D000074765', 'D016194', 'D009435', 'D006624', 'D051379', 'D018345', 'D009474', 'D012559', 'D054732', 'D008297', 'D016291', 'D001522', 'D049229', 'D009419']"
38956114,Optimizing immunofluorescence with high-dynamic-range imaging to enhance PD-L1 expression evaluation for 3D pathology assessment from NSCLC tumor tissue.,"Assessing programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression through immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the golden standard in predicting immunotherapy response of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, observation of heterogeneous PD-L1 distribution in tumor space is a challenge using IHC only. Meanwhile, immunofluorescence (IF) could support both planar and three-dimensional (3D) histological analyses by combining tissue optical clearing with confocal microscopy. We optimized clinical tissue preparation for the IF assay focusing on staining, imaging, and post-processing to achieve quality identical to traditional IHC assay. To overcome limited dynamic range of the fluorescence microscope's detection system, we incorporated a high dynamic range (HDR) algorithm to restore the post imaging IF expression pattern and further 3D IF images. Following HDR processing, a noticeable improvement in the accuracy of diagnosis (85.7%) was achieved using IF images by pathologists. Moreover, 3D IF images revealed a 25% change in tumor proportion score for PD-L1 expression at various depths within tumors. We have established an optimal and reproducible process for PD-L1 IF images in NSCLC, yielding high quality data comparable to traditional IHC assays. The ability to discern accurate spatial PD-L1 distribution through 3D pathology analysis could provide more precise evaluation and prediction for immunotherapy targeting advanced NSCLC.","['D006801', 'D002289', 'D060890', 'D008175', 'D021621', 'D005455', 'D007150', 'D018613', 'D014408']"
38956111,Dimeric transport mechanism of human vitamin C transporter SVCT1.,"Vitamin C plays important roles as a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions and as an antioxidant against oxidative stress. As some mammals including humans cannot synthesize vitamin C de novo from glucose, its uptake from dietary sources is essential, and is mediated by the sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 1 (SVCT1). Despite its physiological significance in maintaining vitamin C homeostasis, the structural basis of the substrate transport mechanism remained unclear. Here, we report the cryo-EM structures of human SVCT1 in different states at 2.5-3.5 Å resolutions. The binding manner of vitamin C together with two sodium ions reveals the counter ion-dependent substrate recognition mechanism. Furthermore, comparisons of the inward-open and occluded structures support a transport mechanism combining elevator and distinct rotational motions. Our results demonstrate the molecular mechanism of vitamin C transport with its underlying conformational cycle, potentially leading to future industrial and medical applications.","['D006801', 'D060347', 'D001205', 'D020285', 'D001692', 'D012964', 'D008958', 'D055503', 'D011485', 'D057809', 'D011487']"
38956106,Impact of MTHFR gene polymorphism on the outcome of methotrexate treatment in a sample of Iraqi rheumatoid arthritis patients.,"Analyze the relationship between genetic variations in the MTHFR gene at SNPs (rs1801131 and rs1801133) and the therapy outcomes for Iraqi patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The study was conducted on a cohort of 95 RA Iraqi patients. Based on their treatment response, the cohort was divided into two groups: the responder (47 patients) and the nonresponder (48 patients), identified after at least three months of methotrexate (MTX) treatment. A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique was employed to analyze the MTHFR variations, specifically at rs1801133 and rs1801131. Overall, rs1801131 followed both codominant and dominate models, in which in the codominant model, GG [OR (95% CI) 0.11 (0.022-0.553)] and TG [OR (95% CI) 0.106 (0.021-0.528)] predict responders compared to the TT genotype; meanwhile, for the dominate model, the presence of both GG and TG genotypes [OR (95% CI) 0.108 (0.023-0.507)] together predict responders compared to the TT genotype. The Ars1801133Grs1801131 haplotype was significantly associated with responders [OR (95% CI): 0.388 (0.208-0.723)], while the Grs1801133Trs1801131 haplotype was associated marginally with nonresponders [OR (95% CI) 1.980 (0.965-4.064)]. In the final multivariate analysis, GG/TGrs1801131 genotypes were independently related to responders after adjustment for patients, disease, and treatment characteristics, while TTrs1801131 genotypes were associated with nonresponders. The Iraqi RA patients showed genetic polymorphism in MTHFR gene rs1801131 with T carrier allele associated with nonresponders to MTX therapy. The rs1801131 followed both codominant and dominant models. The G-carried allele for rs1801131 showed an independent association with responder to MTX therapy after adjustment for patients, disease, and treatment characteristics.","['D006801', 'D042965', 'D001172', 'D008727', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D020641', 'D007493', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D016896', 'D018501', 'D005838']"
38956103,A rapid aureochrome opto-switch enables diatom acclimation to dynamic light.,"Diatoms often outnumber other eukaryotic algae in the oceans, especially in coastal environments characterized by frequent fluctuations in light intensity. The identities and operational mechanisms of regulatory factors governing diatom acclimation to high light stress remain largely elusive. Here, we identified the AUREO1c protein from the coastal diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum as a crucial regulator of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), a photoprotective mechanism that dissipates excess energy as heat. AUREO1c detects light stress using a light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) domain and directly activates the expression of target genes, including LI818 genes that encode NPQ effector proteins, via its bZIP DNA-binding domain. In comparison to a kinase-mediated pathway reported in the freshwater green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the AUREO1c pathway exhibits a faster response and enables accumulation of LI818 transcript and protein levels to comparable degrees between continuous high-light and fluctuating-light treatments. We propose that the AUREO1c-LI818 pathway contributes to the resilience of diatoms under dynamic light conditions.","['D017377', 'D008027', 'D000064', 'D016825', 'D020418', 'D005786']"
38956096,Baseline levels and longitudinal changes in plasma Aβ42/40 among Black and white individuals.,"Blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer disease (AD) may facilitate testing of historically under-represented groups. The Study of Race to Understand Alzheimer Biomarkers (SORTOUT-AB) is a multi-center longitudinal study to compare AD biomarkers in participants who identify their race as either Black or white. Plasma samples from 324 Black and 1,547 white participants underwent analysis with C2N Diagnostics' PrecivityAD test for Aβ42 and Aβ40. Compared to white individuals, Black individuals had higher average plasma Aβ42/40 levels at baseline, consistent with a lower average level of amyloid pathology. Interestingly, this difference resulted from lower average levels of plasma Aβ40 in Black participants. Despite the differences, Black and white individuals had similar longitudinal rates of change in Aβ42/40, consistent with a similar rate of amyloid accumulation. Our results agree with multiple recent studies demonstrating a lower prevalence of amyloid pathology in Black individuals, and additionally suggest that amyloid accumulates consistently across both groups.","['D006801', 'D016229', 'D044465', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000544', 'D008137', 'D000368', 'D010446', 'D015415', 'D001741', 'D008875', 'D000369', 'D044383']"
38956087,Identification of unique cell type responses in pancreatic islets to stress.,"Diabetes involves the death or dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells. Analysis of bulk sequencing from human samples and studies using in vitro and in vivo models suggest that endoplasmic reticulum and inflammatory signaling play an important role in diabetes progression. To better characterize cell type-specific stress response, we perform multiplexed single-cell RNA sequencing to define the transcriptional signature of primary human islet cells exposed to endoplasmic reticulum and inflammatory stress. Through comprehensive pair-wise analysis of stress responses across pancreatic endocrine and exocrine cell types, we define changes in gene expression for each cell type under different diabetes-associated stressors. We find that β-, α-, and ductal cells have the greatest transcriptional response. We utilize stem cell-derived islets to study islet health through the candidate gene CIB1, which was upregulated under stress in primary human islets. Our findings provide insights into cell type-specific responses to diabetes-associated stress and establish a resource to identify targets for diabetes therapeutics.","['D006801', 'D059865', 'D007515', 'D050417', 'D002135', 'D059010', 'D050416', 'D017423', 'D059467', 'D013312']"
38956082,Multi-modal generative modeling for joint analysis of single-cell T cell receptor and gene expression data.,"Recent advances in single-cell immune profiling have enabled the simultaneous measurement of transcriptome and T cell receptor (TCR) sequences, offering great potential for studying immune responses at the cellular level. However, integrating these diverse modalities across datasets is challenging due to their unique data characteristics and technical variations. Here, to address this, we develop the multimodal generative model mvTCR to fuse modality-specific information across transcriptome and TCR into a shared representation. Our analysis demonstrates the added value of multimodal over unimodal approaches to capture antigen specificity. Notably, we use mvTCR to distinguish T cell subpopulations binding to SARS-CoV-2 antigens from bystander cells. Furthermore, when combined with reference mapping approaches, mvTCR can map newly generated datasets to extensive T cell references, facilitating knowledge transfer. In summary, we envision mvTCR to enable a scalable analysis of multimodal immune profiling data and advance our understanding of immune responses.","['D011948', 'D059010', 'D006801', 'D000086402', 'D000086382', 'D059467', 'D013601', 'D020869', 'D000956']"
38956074,Semaphorin 3C (Sema3C) reshapes stromal microenvironment to promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression.,"More than 90% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases develop in the presence of fibrosis or cirrhosis, making the tumor microenvironment (TME) of HCC distinctive due to the intricate interplay between cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs), which collectively regulate HCC progression. However, the mechanisms through which CSCs orchestrate the dynamics of the tumor stroma during HCC development remain elusive. Our study unveils a significant upregulation of Sema3C in fibrotic liver, HCC tissues, peripheral blood of HCC patients, as well as sorafenib-resistant tissues and cells, with its overexpression correlating with the acquisition of stemness properties in HCC. We further identify NRP1 and ITGB1 as pivotal functional receptors of Sema3C, activating downstream AKT/Gli1/c-Myc signaling pathways to bolster HCC self-renewal and tumor initiation. Additionally, HCC cells-derived Sema3C facilitated extracellular matrix (ECM) contraction and collagen deposition in vivo, while also promoting the proliferation and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Mechanistically, Sema3C interacted with NRP1 and ITGB1 in HSCs, activating downstream NF-kB signaling, thereby stimulating the release of IL-6 and upregulating HMGCR expression, consequently enhancing cholesterol synthesis in HSCs. Furthermore, CAF-secreted TGF-β1 activates AP1 signaling to augment Sema3C expression in HCC cells, establishing a positive feedback loop that accelerates HCC progression. Notably, blockade of Sema3C effectively inhibits tumor growth and sensitizes HCC cells to sorafenib in vivo. In sum, our findings spotlight Sema3C as a novel biomarker facilitating the crosstalk between CSCs and stroma during hepatocarcinogenesis, thereby offering a promising avenue for enhancing treatment efficacy and overcoming drug resistance in HCC.","['D008113', 'D006801', 'D006528', 'D059016', 'D039961', 'D019012', 'D051379', 'D015398', 'D055166', 'D039942', 'D045744', 'D014411', 'D000818', 'D015972', 'D000077157', 'D000072645', 'D018450']"
38956067,A chemogenetic approach for dopamine imaging with tunable sensitivity.,"Genetically-encoded dopamine (DA) sensors enable high-resolution imaging of DA release, but their ability to detect a wide range of extracellular DA levels, especially tonic versus phasic DA release, is limited by their intrinsic affinity. Here we show that a human-selective dopamine receptor positive allosteric modulator (PAM) can be used to boost sensor affinity on-demand. The PAM enhances DA detection sensitivity across experimental preparations (in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo) via one-photon or two-photon imaging. In vivo photometry-based detection of optogenetically-evoked DA release revealed that DETQ administration produces a stable 31 minutes window of potentiation without effects on animal behavior. The use of the PAM revealed region-specific and metabolic state-dependent differences in tonic DA levels and enhanced single-trial detection of behavior-evoked phasic DA release in cortex and striatum. Our chemogenetic strategy can potently and flexibly tune DA imaging sensitivity and reveal multi-modal (tonic/phasic) DA signaling across preparations and imaging approaches.","['D004298', 'D000818', 'D006801', 'D062308', 'D051379', 'D008297', 'D003342', 'D011954', 'D008810', 'D000494', 'D010783', 'D057809']"
38956064,Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) suppresses mitophagy through disturbing the protein interaction of PINK1-Parkin in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury.,"Damage to renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) signaled the onset and progression of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI). Recent research on mitochondria has revealed that mitophagy plays a crucial physiological role in alleviating injury to RTECs and it is suppressed progressively by the inflammation response in SA-AKI. However, the mechanism by which inflammation influences mitophagy remains poorly understood. We examined how macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a pro-inflammatory protein, influences the PINK1-Parkin pathway of mitophagy by studying protein-protein interactions when MIF was inhibited or overexpressed. Surprisingly, elevated levels of MIF were found to directly bind to PINK1, disrupting its interaction with Parkin. This interference hindered the recruitment of Parkin to mitochondria and impeded the initiation of mitophagy. Furthermore, this outcome led to significant apoptosis of RTECs, which could, however, be reversed by an MIF inhibitor ISO-1 and/or a new mitophagy activator T0467. These findings highlight the detrimental impact of MIF on renal damage through its disruption of the interaction between PINK1 and Parkin, and the therapeutic potential of ISO-1 and T0467 in mitigating SA-AKI. This study offers a fresh perspective on treating SA-AKI by targeting MIF and mitophagy.","['D008263', 'D063306', 'D058186', 'D044767', 'D011494', 'D018805', 'D000818', 'D006801', 'D008928', 'D007684', 'D004847', 'D017209', 'D011485', 'D008297', 'D019746']"
38956060,Selective PI3Kδ inhibitor TYM-3-98 suppresses AKT/mTOR/SREBP1-mediated lipogenesis and promotes ferroptosis in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer.,"Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common tumors of the digestive system worldwide. KRAS mutations limit the use of anti-EGFR antibodies in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of CRC. Therefore, novel targeted therapies are needed to overcome the KRAS-induced oncogenesis. Recent evidence suggests that inhibition of PI3K led to ferroptosis, a nonapoptotic cell death closely related to KRAS-mutant cells. Here, we showed that a selective PI3Kδ inhibitor TYM-3-98 can suppress the AKT/mTOR signaling and activate the ferroptosis pathway in KRAS-mutant CRC cells in a concentration-dependent manner. This was evidenced by the lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation, and depletion of GSH. Moreover, the overexpression of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), a downstream transcription factor regulating lipid metabolism, conferred CRC cells greater resistance to ferroptosis induced by TYM-3-98. In addition, the effect of TYM-3-98 was confirmed in a xenograft mouse model, which demonstrated significant tumor suppression without obvious hepatoxicity or renal toxicity. Taken together, our work demonstrated that the induction of ferroptosis contributed to the PI3Kδ inhibitor-induced cell death via the suppression of AKT/mTOR/SREBP1-mediated lipogenesis, thus displaying a promising therapeutic effect of TYM-3-98 in CRC treatment.","['D000079403', 'D006801', 'D015179', 'D058570', 'D000818', 'D051057', 'D051780', 'D050155', 'D016283', 'D051379', 'D015398', 'D008819', 'D045744', 'D009154', 'D023041', 'D008807', 'D058534', 'D000081082']"
38956053,Epigenetic-based differentiation therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia.,"Despite the development of novel therapies for acute myeloid leukemia, outcomes remain poor for most patients, and therapeutic improvements are an urgent unmet need. Although treatment regimens promoting differentiation have succeeded in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia, their role in other acute myeloid leukemia subtypes needs to be explored. Here we identify and characterize two lysine deacetylase inhibitors, CM-444 and CM-1758, exhibiting the capacity to promote myeloid differentiation in all acute myeloid leukemia subtypes at low non-cytotoxic doses, unlike other commercial histone deacetylase inhibitors. Analyzing the acetylome after CM-444 and CM-1758 treatment reveals modulation of non-histone proteins involved in the enhancer-promoter chromatin regulatory complex, including bromodomain proteins. This acetylation is essential for enhancing the expression of key transcription factors directly involved in the differentiation therapy induced by CM-444/CM-1758 in acute myeloid leukemia. In summary, these compounds may represent effective differentiation-based therapeutic agents across acute myeloid leukemia subtypes with a potential mechanism for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.","['D006801', 'D002454', 'D015470', 'D044127', 'D056572', 'D045744', 'D000107', 'D014157', 'D015973', 'D000818']"
38956052,Intrinsic signaling pathways modulate targeted protein degradation.,"Targeted protein degradation is a groundbreaking modality in drug discovery; however, the regulatory mechanisms are still not fully understood. Here, we identify cellular signaling pathways that modulate the targeted degradation of the anticancer target BRD4 and related neosubstrates BRD2/3 and CDK9 induced by CRL2VHL- or CRL4CRBN -based PROTACs. The chemicals identified as degradation enhancers include inhibitors of cellular signaling pathways such as poly-ADP ribosylation (PARG inhibitor PDD00017273), unfolded protein response (PERK inhibitor GSK2606414), and protein stabilization (HSP90 inhibitor luminespib). Mechanistically, PARG inhibition promotes TRIP12-mediated K29/K48-linked branched ubiquitylation of BRD4 by facilitating chromatin dissociation of BRD4 and formation of the BRD4-PROTAC-CRL2VHL ternary complex; by contrast, HSP90 inhibition promotes BRD4 degradation after the ubiquitylation step. Consequently, these signal inhibitors sensitize cells to the PROTAC-induced apoptosis. These results suggest that various cell-intrinsic signaling pathways spontaneously counteract chemically induced target degradation at multiple steps, which could be liberated by specific inhibitors.","['D006801', 'D015398', 'D059748', 'D014157', 'D018797', 'D054875', 'D018841', 'D045744', 'D017209', 'D042863', 'D009687', 'D000092468']"
38956051,Cytokine expression profiles in children and adolescents with tic disorders.,"The etiology of tic disorders (TDs) is not precisely known, although several lines of evidence suggest involvement of the immune system in pathogenesis. Here, we aimed to determine the expression levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in children with TD and compare them with those of healthy controls. Furthermore, we also evaluated their association with clinical variables in the TD group. Within the study period, 88 children with tic disorders and 111 healthy control children were enrolled. Most children with tic disorders were diagnosed with Tourette's disorder (n = 47, 53.4%) or persistent motor tic disorder (n = 39, 44.3%), while the remainder (n = 2, 2.3%) were diagnosed with persistent vocal tic disorder. We found that children with tic disorders had significantly elevated levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-4 expression, while we detected lower expression levels of IL-17 in children with tic disorders. Our findings provide a molecular landscape of cytokine expression in children with TD, which may suggest a proinflammatory state not affected by the presence of comorbidity and symptom severity. Delineating the contribution of alterations in the immune system to the pathogenesis of tic disorders may pave the way for better therapeutic interventions.","['D006801', 'D002648', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D013981', 'D000293', 'D016207', 'D016022', 'D002675']"
38956047,Meningeal lymphatic supporting cells govern the formation and maintenance of zebrafish mural lymphatic endothelial cells.,"The meninges are critical for the brain functions, but the diversity of meningeal cell types and intercellular interactions have yet to be thoroughly examined. Here we identify a population of meningeal lymphatic supporting cells (mLSCs) in the zebrafish leptomeninges, which are specifically labeled by ependymin. Morphologically, mLSCs form membranous structures that enwrap the majority of leptomeningeal blood vessels and all the mural lymphatic endothelial cells (muLECs). Based on its unique cellular morphologies and transcriptional profile, mLSC is characterized as a unique cell type different from all the currently known meningeal cell types. Because of the formation of supportive structures and production of pro-lymphangiogenic factors, mLSCs not only promote muLEC development and maintain the dispersed distributions of muLECs in the leptomeninges, but also are required for muLEC regeneration after ablation. This study characterizes a newly identified cell type in leptomeninges, mLSC, which is required for muLEC development, maintenance, and regeneration.","['D000818', 'D015027', 'D008578', 'D042783', 'D029961', 'D042601', 'D030801', 'D042583', 'D012038']"
38956042,"Whole-exome sequencing identifies protein-coding variants associated with brain iron in 29,828 individuals.","Iron plays a fundamental role in multiple brain disorders. However, the genetic underpinnings of brain iron and its implications for these disorders are still lacking. Here, we conduct an exome-wide association analysis of brain iron, measured by quantitative susceptibility mapping technique, across 26 brain regions among 26,789 UK Biobank participants. We find 36 genes linked to brain iron, with 29 not being previously reported, and 16 of them can be replicated in an independent dataset with 3,039 subjects. Many of these genes are involved in iron transport and homeostasis, such as FTH1 and MLX. Several genes, while not previously connected to brain iron, are associated with iron-related brain disorders like Parkinson's (STAB1, KCNA10), Alzheimer's (SHANK1), and depression (GFAP). Mendelian randomization analysis reveals six causal relationships from regional brain iron to brain disorders, such as from the hippocampus to depression and from the substantia nigra to Parkinson's. These insights advance our understanding of the genetic architecture of brain iron and offer potential therapeutic targets for brain disorders.","['D006801', 'D007501', 'D001921', 'D000073359', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D057182', 'D055106', 'D010300', 'D008875', 'D020022', 'D000368', 'D009419', 'D000328', 'D000544']"
38956034,Development of a local controlled release system for therapeutic proteins in the treatment of skeletal muscle injuries and diseases.,"The present study aims to develop and characterize a controlled-release delivery system for protein therapeutics in skeletal muscle regeneration following an acute injury. The therapeutic protein, a membrane-GPI anchored protein called Cripto, was immobilized in an injectable hydrogel delivery vehicle for local administration and sustained release. The hydrogel was made of poly(ethylene glycol)-fibrinogen (PEG-Fibrinogen, PF), in the form of injectable microspheres. The PF microspheres exhibited a spherical morphology with an average diameter of approximately 100 micrometers, and the Cripto protein was uniformly entrapped within them. The release rate of Cripto from the PF microspheres was controlled by tuning the crosslinking density of the hydrogel, which was varied by changing the concentration of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA) crosslinker. In vitro experiments confirmed a sustained-release profile of Cripto from the PF microspheres for up to 27 days. The released Cripto was biologically active and promoted the in vitro proliferation of mouse myoblasts. The therapeutic effect of PF-mediated delivery of Cripto in vivo was tested in a cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced muscle injury model in mice. The Cripto caused an increase in the in vivo expression of the myogenic markers Pax7, the differentiation makers eMHC and Desmin, higher numbers of centro-nucleated myofibers and greater areas of regenerated muscle tissue. Collectively, these results establish the PF microspheres as a potential delivery system for the localized, sustained release of therapeutic proteins toward the accelerated repair of damaged muscle tissue following acute injuries.","['D000818', 'D018482', 'D051379', 'D011092', 'D003692', 'D008863', 'D005340', 'D020100', 'D012038', 'D032446', 'D006801', 'D049109', 'D051763', 'D008297', 'D008810', 'D009135']"
38956029,The circadian gene ARNTL2 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma invasiveness and metastasis through suppressing AMOTL2-LATS-YAP pathway.,"Metastasis is the major culprit of treatment failure in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like 2 (ARNTL2), a core circadian gene, plays a crucial role in the development of various tumors. Nevertheless, the biological role and mechanism of ARNTL2 are not fully elucidated in NPC. In this study, ARNTL2 expression was significantly upregulated in NPC tissues and cells. Overexpression of ARNTL2 facilitated NPC cell migration and invasion abilities, while inhibition of ARNTL2 in similarly treated cells blunted migration and invasion abilities in vitro. Consistently, in vivo xenograft tumor models revealed that ARNTL2 silencing reduced nude mice inguinal lymph node and lung metastases, as well as tumor growth. Mechanistically, ARNTL2 negatively regulated the transcription expression of AMOTL2 by directly binding to the AMOTL2 promoter, thus reducing the recruitment and stabilization of AMOTL2 to LATS1/2 kinases, which strengthened YAP nuclear translocation by suppressing LATS-dependent YAP phosphorylation. Inhibition of AMOTL2 counteracted the effects of ARNTL2 knockdown on NPC cell migration and invasion abilities. These findings suggest that ARNTL2 may be a promising therapeutic target to combat NPC metastasis and further supports the crucial roles of circadian genes in cancer development.","['D006801', 'D000818', 'D000077274', 'D009361', 'D045744', 'D048868', 'D008819', 'D000091102', 'D000091082', 'D002465', 'D051379', 'D014157', 'D056930', 'D009303', 'D051792', 'D015398', 'D015972', 'D008807', 'D017346', 'D008297', 'D009362', 'D005260', 'D025521']"
38956026,RSL3 enhances ROS-mediated cell apoptosis of myelodysplastic syndrome cells through MYB/Bcl-2 signaling pathway.,"Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal hematopoietic malignancies and seriously threaten people's health. Current therapies include bone marrow transplantation and several hypomethylating agents. However, many elderly patients cannot benefit from bone marrow transplantation and many patients develop drug resistance to hypomethylating agents, making it urgent to explore novel therapy. RSL3 can effectively induce ferroptosis in various tumors and combination of RSL3 and hypomethylating agents is promising to treat many tumors. However, its effect in MDS was unknown. In this study, we found that RSL3 inhibited MDS cell proliferation through inducing ROS-dependent apoptosis. RSL3 inhibited Bcl-2 expression and increased caspase 3 and PARP cleavage. RNA-seq analysis revealed that MYB may be a potential target of RSL3. Rescue experiments showed that overexpression of MYB can rescue MDS cell proliferation inhibition caused by RSL3. Cellular thermal shift assay showed that RSL3 binds to MYB to exert its function. Furthermore, RSL3 inhibited tumor growth and decreased MYB and Bcl-2 expression in vivo. More importantly, RSL3 decreased the viability of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) isolated from MDS patients, and RSL3 had a synergistic effect with DAC in MDS cells. Our studies have uncovered RSL3 as a promising compound and MYB/Bcl-2 signaling pathway as a potential target for MDS treatment.","['D009190', 'D006801', 'D017209', 'D019253', 'D015398', 'D020598', 'D017382', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D049109', 'D008819', 'D008297', 'D005260']"
38956021,Cryo-EM unveils kinesin KIF1A's processivity mechanism and the impact of its pathogenic variant P305L.,"Mutations in the microtubule-associated motor protein KIF1A lead to severe neurological conditions known as KIF1A-associated neurological disorders (KAND). Despite insights into its molecular mechanism, high-resolution structures of KIF1A-microtubule complexes remain undefined. Here, we present 2.7-3.5 Å resolution structures of dimeric microtubule-bound KIF1A, including the pathogenic P305L mutant, across various nucleotide states. Our structures reveal that KIF1A binds microtubules in one- and two-heads-bound configurations, with both heads exhibiting distinct conformations with tight inter-head connection. Notably, KIF1A's class-specific loop 12 (K-loop) forms electrostatic interactions with the C-terminal tails of both α- and β-tubulin. The P305L mutation does not disrupt these interactions but alters loop-12's conformation, impairing strong microtubule-binding. Structure-function analysis reveals the K-loop and head-head coordination as major determinants of KIF1A's superprocessive motility. Our findings advance the understanding of KIF1A's molecular mechanism and provide a basis for developing structure-guided therapeutics against KAND.","['D016547', 'D008870', 'D006801', 'D020285', 'D014404', 'D011485', 'D009154', 'D008958', 'D011487']"
38956014,Maternal mRNA deadenylation is defective in in vitro matured mouse and human oocytes.,"Oocyte in vitro maturation is a technique in assisted reproductive technology. Thousands of genes show abnormally high expression in in vitro maturated metaphase II (MII) oocytes compared to those matured in vivo in bovines, mice, and humans. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are poorly understood. Here, we use poly(A) inclusive RNA isoform sequencing (PAIso-seq) for profiling the transcriptome-wide poly(A) tails in both in vivo and in vitro matured mouse and human oocytes. Our results demonstrate that the observed increase in maternal mRNA abundance is caused by impaired deadenylation in in vitro MII oocytes. Moreover, the cytoplasmic polyadenylation of dormant Btg4 and Cnot7 mRNAs, which encode key components of deadenylation machinery, is impaired in in vitro MII oocytes, contributing to reduced translation of these deadenylase machinery components and subsequently impaired global maternal mRNA deadenylation. Our findings highlight impaired maternal mRNA deadenylation as a distinct molecular defect in in vitro MII oocytes.","['D009865', 'D000818', 'D006801', 'D005260', 'D051379', 'D026723', 'D011061', 'D059471', 'D012333', 'D059467', 'D023121', 'D008677', 'D005095', 'D012097', 'D018797']"
38955918,CTLA-4 silencing could promote anti-tumor effects in hepatocellular.,"Preclinical and clinical research showed that immune checkpoint blockade provides beneficial effects for many patients with liver cancer. This study aimed to assess the effect of CTLA-4-specific siRNA on the proliferation, cell cycle, migration, and apoptosis of HePG2 cells. Transfection of siRNA was performed by electroporation. The viability of cells was determined through MTT assay. Flow cytometry was performed to investigate the cell cycle and apoptosis rate, and the wound-healing assay was used to determine HepG2 cells migration. The expression levels of CTLA-4, c-Myc, Ki-67, BCL-2, BAX, caspase-9 (CAS9), and MMP-2,9,13 were measured by qRT-PCR. Transfection of specific CTLA-4-siRNA significantly inhibited the expression of the CTLA-4 gene. Also, our results revealed that CTLA-4 silencing diminished the proliferation and migration as well as induced the apoptosis of HePG2 cells. CTLA-4-siRNA transfection induced the cell cycle arrest in G2 phase. Moreover, CTLA-4-siRNA transfection reduced the expression levels of c-Myc, Ki-67, BCL-2, MMP-2,9,13, and elevated the expression levels of BAX and caspase-9. Our results suggest that silencing CTLA-4 through specific siRNA may be a promising strategy for future therapeutic interventions for treating liver cancer.","['D006801', 'D008113', 'D056945', 'D017209', 'D006528', 'D049109', 'D060908', 'D002465', 'D034741', 'D020868']"
38955887,Comparative Genomic and Functional Analyses for Insights into Pantoea agglomerans Strains Adaptability in Diverse Ecological Niches.,"Pantoea agglomerans inhabit diverse ecological niches, ranging from epiphytes and endophytes in plants, body of animals, and occasionally in the human system. This multifaceted bacterium contributes substantially to plant growth promotion, stress resilience, and biocontrol but can also act as a pathogen to its host. The genetic determinants underlying these diverse functions remain largely unfathomed and to uncover this phenomenon, nineteen strains of Pantoea agglomerans were selected and analyzed. Genome-to-Genome Distance Calculator (GGDC) which uses the Genome Blast Distance Phylogeny (GBDP) technique to calculate digital DDH values. Phylogenetic analysis via Genome-to-Genome distance, Average Nucleotide Identity, and Amino Acid Identity calculation revealed that all strains belonged to the genus Pantoea. However, strain 33.1 had a lower value than the threshold for the same species delineation. Bacterial Pan Genome Analysis (BPGA) Pipeline and MinPath analysis revealed genetic traits associated with environmental resilience, such as oxidative stress, UV radiation, temperature extremes, and metabolism of distinct host-specific carbohydrates. Protein-protein interactome analysis illustrated osmotic stress proteins closely linked with core proteins, while heavy metal tolerance, nitrogen metabolism, and Type III and VI secretion systems proteins generally associated with pathogenicity formed a separate network, indicating strain-specific characteristics. These findings shed new light on the intricate genetic architecture of Pantoea agglomerans, revealing its adaptability to inhabit diverse niches and thrive in varied environments.","['D020636', 'D016680', 'D010802', 'D023281', 'D000222', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D010944', 'D001426']"
38955857,Exploring Bacillus species xylanases for industrial applications: screening via thermostability and reaction modelling.,"Xylanases derived from Bacillus species hold significant importance in various large-scale production sectors, with increasing demand driven by biofuel production. However, despite their potential, the extreme environmental conditions often encountered in production settings have led to their underutilisation. To address this issue and enhance their efficacy under adverse conditions, we conducted a theoretical investigation on a group of five Bacillus species xylanases belonging to the glycoside hydrolase GH11 family. Bacillus sp. NCL 87-6-10 (sp_NCL 87-6-10) emerged as a potent candidate among the selected biocatalysts; this Bacillus strain exhibited high thermal stability and achieved a transition state with minimal energy requirements, thereby accelerating the biocatalytic reaction process. Our approach aims to provide support for experimentalists in the industrial sector, encouraging them to employ structural-based reaction modelling scrutinisation to predict the ability of targeted xylanases.","['D001407', 'D043364', 'D004795', 'D008958', 'D055162', 'D001426', 'D013696']"
38955827,Relaxin combined with transarterial chemoembolization achieved synergistic effects and inhibited liver cancer metastasis in a rabbit VX2 model.,To explore the effect and mechanism of relaxin (RLX) in the growth and metastasis of livercancer after combination treatment with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).,"['D000818', 'D016461', 'D011817', 'D012065', 'D008113', 'D004317', 'D006801', 'D003131', 'D049109', 'D045744', 'D004195', 'D006528', 'D009362']"
38955823,"A double boronic acid affinity ""sandwich"" SERS biosensor based on magnetic boronic acid controllable-oriented imprinting for high-affinity biomimetic specific recognition and rapid detection of target glycoproteins.","Transferrin (TRF), recognized as a glycoprotein clinical biomarker and therapeutic target, has its concentration applicable for disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Consequently, this study developed boronic acid affinity magnetic surface molecularly imprinted polymers (B-MMIPs) with pH-responsitivity as the ""capture probe"" for TRF, which have high affinity similar to antibodies, with a dissociation constant of (3.82 ± 0.24) × 10-8 M, showing 7 times of reusability. The self-copolymerized imprinted layer synthesized with dopamine (DA) and 3-Aminophenylboronic acid (APBA) as double monomers avoided nonspecific binding sites and produced excellent adsorption properties. Taking the gold nanostar (AuNS) with a branch tip ""hot spot"" structure as the core, the silver-coated AuNS functionalized with the biorecognition element 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (MPBA) was employed as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanotag (AuNS@Ag-MPBA) to label TRF, thereby constructing a double boronic acid affinity ""sandwich"" SERS biosensor (B-MMIPs-TRF-SERS nanotag) for the highly sensitive detection of TRF. The SERS biosensor exhibited a detection limit for TRF of 0.004 ng/mL, and its application to spiked serum samples confirmed its reliability and feasibility, demonstrating significant potential for clinical TRF detection. Moreover, the SERS biosensor designed in this study offers advantages in stability, detection speed (40 min), and cost efficiency. The portable Raman instrument for SERS detection fulfills the requirements for point-of-care testing.","['D001897', 'D015374', 'D006046', 'D006801', 'D013059', 'D012834', 'D053768', 'D057230', 'D014168', 'D054802', 'D000082582', 'D006023', 'D040761', 'D004298', 'D013438']"
38955763,[Clinical characteristics of acute macular neuroretinopathy in China associated with COVID-19 infection].,"Objective: To investigate the clinical features of acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: This retrospective case series study included 15 patients (28 eyes) diagnosed with AMN at the Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, from November 2022 to January 2023. The AMN group comprised 4 males and 11 females, with a mean age of (31.36±8.08) years. A control group of 15 individuals [5 males, 10 females; mean age (33.20±5.10) years] who had COVID-19 but did not develop AMN was also included. Data collected for all patients included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit-lamp examination, dilated fundus examination, color fundus photography, fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) results. Serum cytokine levels, including interleukins (ILs), interferons (IFNs), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), were measured for both groups. Results: Among the 28 eyes, severe vision loss (BCVA≤0.3) was observed in 3 eyes (10.7%), moderate vision loss (BCVA>0.3 and≤0.5) in 2 eyes (13.3%), and mild vision loss (BCVA>0.5 and≤1.0) in 23 eyes (82.1%). OCT findings in all 28 eyes revealed hyperreflectivity of the outer nuclear layer and disruption of outer retinal structure. Additionally, 3 eyes (10.7%) exhibited cotton wool spots in the posterior pole, 2 eyes (7.1%) showed mild cystoid macular edema with intraretinal hyperreflective dots, and 1 eye (3.6%) presented with paracentral acute middle maculopathy. FFA indicated retinal vasculitis in 2 cases (4 eyes, 14.3%). Serum levels of IL-4, IL-5, IFN-α, and IFN-γ were significantly higher in the AMN group compared to the control group: IL-4 [4.49 (3.66, 6.08) vs. 1.40 (0.62, 1.68) pg/ml], IL-5 [7.34 (5.04, 14.06) vs. 0.17 (0.11, 1.86) pg/ml], IFN-α [8.42 (6.31, 14.89) vs. 0.50 (0.30, 0.83) pg/ml], and IFN-γ [17.93 (12.75, 32.44) vs. 7.43 (0.00, 14.74) pg/ml], with all differences being statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion: AMN following COVID-19 can present with wedge-shaped dark red lesions in the macular area, often accompanied by cotton wool spots and retinal vasculitis. Additionally, there is a significant elevation in various inflammatory cytokines in the serum.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D012189', 'D002681', 'D041623', 'D000086402', 'D012164', 'D014792', 'D005451', 'D008266', 'D000208', 'D016207']"
38955762,[Correlation of posterior segment lesions with anterior segment biometric parameters and FBN1 genotype in patients with Marfan syndrome].,"Objective: To investigate the characteristics of posterior segment lesions in Marfan syndrome (MFS) patients and their relationship with anterior segment biometric parameters and FBN1 genotype. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 121 MFS patients, 76 males and 45 females, with an average age of (11.72±11.66) years, who visited the Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University from January 2013 to March 2023 were included. The presence of posterior scleral staphyloma was observed using B-mode ultrasound, and macular lesions were identified and classified using the atrophy-traction-neovascularization system based on ultra-widefield fundus images, color fundus images, and optical coherence tomography scans. Anterior segment biometric parameters, including axial length of the eye, average corneal curvature, corneal astigmatism, horizontal corneal diameter, anterior chamber depth, and lens thickness, were collected, and the direction and extent of lens dislocation were observed. Molecular genetic analysis of FBN1 gene mutations in patients was performed using next-generation sequencing based on a panel of ocular genetic diseases, and the impact of the genotype and anterior segment biometric parameters on the posterior segment manifestations was analyzed. Results: Sixty patients exhibited posterior segment lesions, including retinal detachment (4 cases, 3.31%), macular lesions (47 cases, 38.84%), and posterior scleral staphyloma (54 cases, 44.63%). There was statistically significant difference in axial length of the eye between patients with and without posterior scleral staphyloma [23.09 (22.24, 24.43) and 27.04 (25.44, 28.88) mm], between patients with and without macular lesions [23.16 (22.24, 24.61) and 27.04 (25.74, 28.78) mm], and between patients with and without atrophic macular lesions [23.16 (22.24, 24.61) and 27.04 (25.74, 28.79) mm] (all P<0.001). There was statistically significant difference in anterior chamber depth between patients with and without macular lesions [3.11 (2.75, 3.30) and 3.34 (3.09, 3.60) mm] (P<0.05). There was also statistically significant difference in corneal astigmatism between patients with and without posterior scleral staphyloma [2.15 (1.20, 2.93) and 1.40 (1.00, 2.20) diopters] (P<0.05). The location and region of the FBN1 gene mutation not only showed statistically significant difference from the positive rates of posterior scleral staphyloma and macular lesions (all P<0.05), but also influenced the occurrence of atrophic macular lesions (both P<0.05). Patients with FBN1 mutations located in the transforming growth factor β regulatory sequence had the highest proportion of posterior scleral staphyloma and macular lesions (both 10/11). Conclusions: Posterior scleral staphyloma and macular lesions have a relatively high incidence in MFS patients and tend to progress to more severe grades. The age, axial length of the eye, anterior chamber depth, corneal astigmatism, and location and region of the FBN1 gene mutation are factors affecting the posterior segment lesions in MFS patients.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000071838', 'D003430', 'D008382', 'D005838', 'D002648', 'D000293', 'D000869', 'D057972', 'D009154', 'D001699', 'D055815', 'D008268', 'D054392']"
38955759,[Clinical observation of the subthreshold micropulse laser combined with ranibizumab for treatment of diabetic macular edema].,"Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the subthreshold micropulse laser (SMPL) combined with ranibizumab in treating diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods: This was a prospective randomized controlled study. Patients diagnosed with DME in the Ophthalmology Department of Beijing Hospital were enrolled from January 2020 to December 2022. Patients were randomized in a ratio of 1∶1 using a table of random numbers into the ranibizumab monotherapy group and the SMPL combined with ranibizumab therapy group. We compared the changes of best-corrected visual acuity, central macular thickness measured by optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography parameters, including the vessel density of the superficial and deep capillary plexus (DCP), foveal avascular zone size and peripapillary vessel density, at baseline, 6 and 12 months after the treatment. After 12 months of follow-up, fundus fluorescein angiography results, adverse events, and the number of injections or laser therapies were recorded. The Fisher's exact test and group t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Seventy-two patients (72 eyes) were enrolled, with a mean age of (61.1±8.2) years. Patients in the combination therapy group included 19 males and 17 females, while patients in the ranibizumab monotherapy group were 17 males and 19 females. There was no statistically significant difference in baseline characteristics between the two groups (P>0.05). A significant improvement in best-corrected visual acuity was shown in both groups at 6 and 12 months [(58.5±12.9) and (58.2±12.2) ETDRS letters in the combination therapy group, and (63.3±13.1) and (63.8±12.5) ETDRS letters in the ranibizumab monotherapy group]. A significant reduction in central macular thickness was shown in both groups at 6 and 12 months [(451.0±185.5) and (380.4±159.3)μm in the combination therapy group, and (387.5±135.5) and (372.8±146.1)μm in the ranibizumab monotherapy group]. However, there was no significant difference between groups at each timepoint (all P>0.05). At 12 months, the vessel density of the superficial capillary plexus showed no statistical difference compared to the baseline value in each group or between groups (42.6%±5.9% in the ranibizumab monotherapy group and 42.2%±5.5% in the combination therapy group, P>0.05). The vessel density of the DCP in the combination therapy group significantly increased to 47.5%±5.6% at 12 months, significantly different from that in the ranibizumab group (43.4%±5.1%; P<0.05). The foveal avascular zone size in the ranibizumab monotherapy group reduced to (0.32±0.13) mm2, significantly different from that in the combination therapy group [(0.34±0.16) mm2] at 12 months (P<0.05). Patients in the ranibizumab monotherapy group received (7.3±2.5) intravitreal injections, while patients in the combination therapy group received 3 injections. No unfavorable outcomes on fundus fluorescein angiography or systemic or topical severe adverse events were observed during the follow-up. Conclusions: The SMPL combined with intravitreal ranibizumab injections was effective and safe in treating DME patients. The combination treatment significantly reduced the number of injections and improved the vessel density of the DCP and macular ischemia, compared to the ranibizumab monotherapy.","['D006801', 'D008269', 'D003930', 'D000069579', 'D011446', 'D016896', 'D058449', 'D014792', 'D020533', 'D017075', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D005451']"
38955753,[Research advances on the mechanism of immune regulation of interferon in Aspergillus infection].,"Pulmonary aspergillosis is a serious pulmonary fungal infectious disease. It is difficult to manage and has limited treatment options. Existing anti-aspergillus medications have high rates of treatment failure and increased drug resistance, making it difficult to meet the clinical requirements. Therefore, the development of new, effective treatment programs is critical. According to research, interferons play an important role in the body's immune response to bacterial and viral infectious diseases. Inadequate interferon expression or dysfunction can put the body at risk for certain infectious diseases. Interferon has been used in clinical trials to prevent or treat infectious diseases. In recent years, researchers have focused on the immunological role of interferon in Aspergillus infections and its potential for clinical application. This review summarized the most recent advances in the immunoregulatory mechanisms of interferon and its clinical application in Aspergillus infections.","['D006801', 'D007372', 'D001230', 'D001228', 'D055732']"
38955751,[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis with low serum IgE: a case report].,"Here, we reported a case of delayed diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) with low serum IgE and normal Aspergillus fumigatus-specific IgE levels. During the course of the disease, the patient (female, 55 years old) had imaging manifestation of mass shadow and significant elevation of carcinoembryonic antigen, leading to suspicion of a lung tumor. Later, transbronchial lung biopsy tissue culture showed Aspergillus fumigatus. Combined with the history, clinical characteristics and imaging, she was diagnosed with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis combined with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. As the diagnostic criteria for ABPA do not cover all patients with ABPA, in rare cases where immunological evidence is insufficient, a combination of clinical and imaging features is required for early diagnosis and treatment.","['D006801', 'D001229', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D007073', 'D001232']"
38955736,"[Relationship between serum 1, 5-anhydroglucitol level and insulin resistance, microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus].","Objective: To explore the relationship between serum 1, 5-dehydratoglucitol (1, 5-AG) level and insulin resistance, microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: The clinical data of 836 patients with T2DM admitted to the Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to University of South China from May to December 2023 were retrospectively and cross-sectionally analyzed. Serum 1, 5-AG levels were detected by pyranose oxidase method. According to the microvascular complications (diabetic peripheral neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy), the patients were divided into simple group (no microvascular complications, n=490), complication group 1 (1 microvascular complications, n=217), and complication group 2 (2 or more microvascular complications, n=129). The relationship between serum 1, 5-AG level and the related indicators of insulin resistance in T2DM patients were explored by Spearman correlation analysis, and the influencing factors of microvascular complications in T2DM patients were explored by multiple ordered logistic regression analysis. Results: The levels of FBG(fasting blood glucose) [(7.37±0.56) mmol/L], FINS(fasting insulin) [(11.34±1.86) mU/L] and HOMA-IR(homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance) (0.96±0.31) in simple group were lower than those in complication group 1 [(8.37±1.02) mmol/L, (16.26±2.32) mU/L, (1.32±0.41)], complication group 2 [(10.25±2.13) mmol/L, (18.53±2.67) mU/L, (1.54±0.44)], and FBG, FINS and HOMA-IR in complication group 1 were lower than those in complication group 2, and the differences were statistically significant (F=537.470, 791.690, 136.340, P<0.001). Serum 1, 5-AG level in simple group [77.16 (16.30, 128.07) μg/ml] was higher than that in complication group 1 [51.05 (14.67, 63.18) μg/ml] and complication group 2 [30.42 (12.53, 47.26) μg/ml], and the serum level of 1, 5-AG in complication group 1 was higher than that in complication group 2, and the difference was statistically significant (H=210.020, P<0.001). The results of Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum 1, 5-AG level was negatively correlated with FBG, FINS and HOMA-IR in T2DM patients (r=-0.431, -0.372, -0.546, P<0.001). The results of multiple ordered logistic regression analysis showed that Longer duration of diabetes (OR=2.261, 95%CI: 1.564-3.269), increased HbA1c (OR=2.040, 95%CI: 1.456-2.858), and increased HOMA-IR (OR=2.158, 95%CI: 1.484-3.137) and decreased 1, 5-AG (OR=2.512, 95%CI: 1.691-3.732) were independent risk factors for microvascular complications in T2DM patients (P<0.05). The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of serum 1, 5-AG in the identification of one microvascular complication was 0.763 (95%CI: 0.731-0.795), and the area under the curve of serum 1, 5-AG in the identification of two or more microvascular complications was 0.730 (95%CI: 0.692-0.767). Conclusion: Serum 1, 5-AG level is negatively correlated with insulin resistance in T2DM patients. Low serum 1, 5-AG level may be an independent risk factor for microvascular complications in T2DM patients.","['D006801', 'D003924', 'D007333', 'D003430', 'D012189', 'D003847', 'D001786', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D007328', 'D008875', 'D003925']"
38955729,[Correlation between the distribution of airborne pollen and the positive sIgE test in patients with allergic rhinitis in Taiyuan City in spring from 2022 to 2023].,"This study was to investigate the relationship between spring pollen distribution concentration, species and the detection results of air-borne pollen allergens in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province during March to May 2022 and March to May 2023.A retrospective study was conducted in the Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Clinic of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University.Pollen particles will be monitored by gravity sedimentation method on the roof of the outpatient department of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University in downtown Taiyuan from March to May 2022-2023, and pollen species and quantity will be observed and recorded under an optical microscope.The air-borne pollen allergen detection results of all allergic rhinitis patients in the otolaryngology Head and Neck surgery Department of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were extracted from the relevant outpatient system. SPSS software and Pearson correlation analysis were used to compare the correlation between the allergens and the dominant air-borne pollen monitoring results. Results are as follows: (1)A total of 18 species of spring pollen in Taiyuan City were monitored in 2022-2023, with 101 177.5 grains, and the dominant airborne pollen was poplar (16.69%) and pine (29.06%) pollen. The pollen of poplar (11.96%), elm (7.89%) and cypress (8.68%) were dominant in early spring; Pine (25.16%) pollen predominated in late spring. The two peaks of pollen dispersal in Taiyuan were in late March (15 479 grains) and early and mid May (15 094/15 343 grains).(2) The positive rates of allergens in serum specific IgE detection were: wormwood (46%, 248/541 cases), tree combination (26%, 143/541 cases), ragweed (19%, 101/541 cases), humulus scandens (9%, 49/541 cases).(3)There was a linear positive correlation between the positive rate of air-borne pollen allergens in allergic rhinitis patients in the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University and the dominant air-borne pollen concentration in the same period (P<0.05, r=0.999). In conclusion, two spring pollen dispersal peaks were formed in late March and early to mid May in Taiyuan City, and the dominant air-borne pollens were poplar and pine pollens. The positive rate of air borne pollen allergen sIgE showed that wormwood allergy was the highest.There was a positive correlation between the concentration of air-borne pollen and the positive rate of air-borne pollen allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis in the Department of otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery in Taiyuan in 2022 and 2023.The monitoring of pollen distribution in spring can provide an important scientific basis for clinical workers to formulate prevention and treatment plans for patients with allergic rhinitis in the season, and provide data reference for the epidemiological investigation of allergic diseases in Taiyuan in the future.","['D006801', 'D011058', 'D002681', 'D012189', 'D000485', 'D007073', 'D012621', 'D065631', 'D006255']"
38955726,[Analysis of allergen-specific IgE in children with atopic dermatitis from 2021 to 2023 in a hospital of pediatric in Tianjin City].,"Objective: To explore the distribution of allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) for children with atopic dermatitis in Tianjin City and provide the evidences of clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the children who were suspected of atopic dermatitis and tested for serum sIgE in the Tianjin Children's Hospital from March 2021 to February 2023. Using first detection results only, a total of 1 841 serum samples were tested for twenty common allergens. The method was the enzyme-linked immune capture assay. The allergen epidemiological characteristics were statistically analyzed by Chi square test based on the children's characteristics and factors such as different sexes, ages and seasons by the mass data. Results: Among the 1 841 cases, the results showed that 1 247 (67.73%) were sensitized to at least 1 allergen-sIgE, comprising to 49.86% (918/1 841) to food allergen-sIgE and 47.96% (883/1 841) to aeroallergen-sIgE. The top three food allergens-sIgE were egg 32.10% (591/1 841), milk 25.91% (477/1 841) and wheat flour 14.61% (269/1 841); the top three positive rates of aeroallergens-sIgE were house dust 24.33% (448/1 841), alternaria 20.59% (379/1 841) and dermatophagoides farinae 14.83% (273/1 841). The positive rates of food allergens-sIgE were the highest in the 1-3 years old group (64.11%, 434/677) (χ2=122.854, P<0.001), while the positive rates of aeroallergens-sIgE were higher in the 11-14 years old group (71.26%, 62/87) (χ2=134.968, P<0.001). No seasonal difference was revealed in the overall positive rate of food allergen-sIgE and aeroallergen-sIgE (χ2=4.047, P=0.256; χ2=7.549, P=0.056). The positive rates of soybean-sIgE and milk-sIgE were the highest in summer (χ2=11.329, P=0.010; χ2=28.720, P<0.001), whereas alternaria-sIgE and mugwort-sIgE were the highest in summer and autumn, respectively (χ2=8.462, P=0.037; χ2=10.641, P=0.014). Among the 1 841 cases, 32.21% were sensitized to three or more allergens-sIgE. The sIgE concentration levels of egg, milk and house dust were mainly level 1 to 2, and the proportions of level 3 and above were all under 15%; although the positive rates of crab, shrimp, and peanut were low, the proportions of grade 3 and above were all beyond 30%. Children sensitized to alternaria, dermatophagoides farinae, mugwort, and cat dander had higher sIgE concentration levels, which were 68.07%, 49.45%, 56.57% and 47.83% respectively. Conclusions: This study can reflect the epidemic characteristics of allergen-sIgE in children with atopic dermatitis in Tianjin region to a certain extent. Allergen-sIgE positivity in patients differed by age, and there were seasonal differences and grade distribution differences in the positive rates of some allergens-sIgE. It is necessary to reasonably avoid the high-risk allergens according to the epidemiological characteristics and clinical symptoms, which provide valuable information for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis.","['D006801', 'D003876', 'D003430', 'D000485', 'D002648', 'D012189', 'D007073', 'D002675', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002681', 'D000293', 'D007223', 'D005512']"
38955724,[Analysis of the effect of early subcutaneous specific immunotherapy on the levels of dust mite allergen-specific antibodies and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism].,"Objective: To investigate the effects of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) on patients' immune markers and metabolic levels in the early stage of allergen treatment, and to gain insight into the role of SCIT in regulating immune responses and metabolic levels, so as to provide reference data for the further discovery of potential biomarkers. Methods: A longitudinal study was used to include 40 subjects who underwent SCIT with dust mite allergens in the Department of Pediatrics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between November 2017 and February 2022, including 20 subjects each of single mite subcutaneous immunotherapy (SM-SCIT) and double mite subcutaneous immunotherapy (DM-SCIT). In this study, levels of dust mite allergen-specific antibodies and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism were measured before and 12 months after treatment, while pulmonary function tests were performed. The therapeutic effects of the patients were followed up by visual analogue scale (VAS), asthma control test (ACT) and total medication scores (TMS). The results were statistically analyzed using t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: After 12 months of treatment with SCIT, both groups showed a significant decrease in total VAS score (SM-SCIT:Z=-2.298, P<0.05; DM-SCIT:Z=-3.411, P<0.001); total ACT score (SM-SCIT:Z=-2.054, P<0.05; DM-SCIT:Z=-2.014, P<0.05) and total medication scores (SM-SCIT:Z=-3.799, P<0.000 1; DM-SCIT:Z=-3.474, P<0.001) were significantly higher, in addition to significantly higher MMEF75/25 values in the DM-SCIT group (t=-2.253, P<0.05). There was no significant change in sIgE in the SM-SCIT group (P>0.05), and the sIgG4 levels of the Der p, Der f, p 1, p 2, f 2, and p 21 fractions were significantly elevated (Z=-2.651, -3.771, -2.949, -2.912, -2.725, -2.128, and -3.285, respectively, all P<0.05); The sIgE of Der p 2, f 2, p 7 and p 23 fractions(Z=-2.651, -3.771, -2.949, -2.912, -2.725, -2.128, -3.285, all P<0.05) and the sIgG4 levels of the Der p, Der f, p 1, p 2, f 1, f 2, p 10, p 21 and p 23 fractions (Z=-3.808, -3.845, -3.061, -2.688, -2.464, -3.211, -2.371, -2.091, -2.427, all P<0.05) of the DM-SCIT group were significantly elevated. Metabolomics analysis showed that arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, 5, 9, 12-octadecatrienoic acid, 5(S)-hydroxylated eicosatetraenoic acid, and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid were significantly elevated at the beginning of the treatment period after SM-SCIT treatment (Z of -2.191, -2.497, -1.988, -2.090, -2.19, -2.803, -2.073, all P<0.05); 5(S)-hydroxylated eicosatetraenoic acid showed elevated and alpha-linolenic acid, eicosadienoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid were significantly decreased in the DM-SCIT group after treatment (Z=-1.988, -2.090, -2.497, -1.988, respectively, all P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that arachidonic acid was significantly negatively correlated with changes in dust mite-specific IgG4 (r=-0.499, P<0.05), and that alpha-linolenic acid, 5, 9, 12-octadecatrienoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid were positively correlated with the ΔsIgG4 of the dust mite der p 2 (r=0.451, 0.420, 0.474, respectively; all P<0.05). Conclusion: Significant changes in allergen-specific antibody levels and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism levels occur during SCIT, and the two may interact and influence each other.","['D006801', 'D005231', 'D000818', 'D003888', 'D001249', 'D039981', 'D008137', 'D039741', 'D000485', 'D002648', 'D007279', 'D007073']"
38955723,[Efficacy and safety study of standardized mite allergen specific immunotherapy with no reduction during maintenance in children with respiratory allergic disease].,"Objective: To explore the optimal regimen of standardized mite allergen immunotherapy for airway allergic diseases in children, and to observe the clinical efficacy, safety and compliance. Method: Use a retrospective real-world study, clinical data from 156 children aged 5-16 years who received subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) with double mite allergen preparation in the pediatrics department of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat sen University from June 2019 to September 2020 were selected for allergic rhinitis (AR) and/or allergic asthma (bronchial asthma, BA), including gender, age, total VAS(visual analogue scale) score and CSMS(combined symptom and medication scores) score at different time points (before treatment, 4-6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after initiation of desensitization), peripheral blood eosinophil counts (EOS), serum total IgE (tIgE), specific IgE (tIgE), and serum IgE (tIgE), specific IgE (sIgE), tIgG4, and incidence of local and systemic adverse reactions. All patients had a consistent regimen during the initial treatment phase (dose-escalation phase), which was performed as directed. Among them, 81 cases (observation group) continued to continue subcutaneous injection of 1 ml of vial No. 3 every 4-6 weeks during the dose maintenance phase, while 75 cases (control group) followed the old traditional regimen during the maintenance phase (i.e., change to a new vial to halve the amount of vial No. 3 by 0.5 ml, and then 0.75 ml after 1-2 weeks, and 1 ml in a further interval of 1-2 weeks). The clinical efficacy, safety and adherence to the treatment were compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 81 cases of 156 children were included in the observation group, of which 58 children with AR, 15 children with BA, and 8 children with AR combined with BA; 75 cases were included in the conventional control group, of which 52 children with AR, 16 children with BA, and 7 children with AR combined with BA. In terms of safety, the difference in the incidence of local and systemic adverse reactions between the two groups was not statistically significant (χ2=1.541 for local adverse reactions in the control group, χ2=0.718 for the observation group; χ2=0.483 for systemic adverse reactions in the control group, χ2=0.179 for the observation group, P value >0.05 for all of these), and there were no grade Ⅱ or higher systemic adverse reactions in any of them. In the control group, there were 15 cases of dropout at 2 years of follow-up, with a dropout rate of 20.0%; in the observation group, there were 7 cases of dropout at 2 years of follow-up, with a dropout rate of 8.6%, and there was a statistically significant difference in the dropout rates of the patients in the two groups (χ2=4.147, P<0.05). Comparison of serological indexes and efficacy (compared with baseline at 3 different time points after treatment, i.e., 4-6 months, 1 year and 2 years after treatment), CSMS scores of the observation group and the conventional control group at 4-6 months, 1 year and 2 years after treatment were significantly decreased compared with the baseline status (t-values of the conventional group were 13.783, 20.086 and 20.384, respectively, all P-values <0.001, and t-values of the observation group were 15.480, 27.087, 28.938, all P-values <0.001), and VAS scores also decreased significantly from baseline status in both groups at 4-6 months, 1 year, and 2 years of treatment (t-values of 14.008, 17.963, and 27.512 in the conventional control group, respectively, with all P-values <0.001, and t-values of 9.436, 13.184, and 22.377 in the observation group, respectively; all P-values <0.001). Intergroup comparisons showed no statistically significant differences in CSMS at baseline status, 4-6 months, 1 year and 2 years (t-values 0.621, 0.473, 1.825, and 0.342, respectively, and P-values 0.536, 0.637, 0.070, and 0.733, respectively), and VAS was no statistically significant difference in comparison between groups at different time points (t-values of 1.663, 0.095, 0.305, 0.951, P-values of 0.099, 0.925, 0.761, 0.343, respectively); suggesting that the treatment regimens of the observation group and the conventional control group were clinically effective, and that the two regimens were comparable in terms of efficacy. The peripheral blood eosinophil counts of the observation group and the conventional control group decreased significantly from the baseline status at 4-6 months, 1 year and 2 years of treatment (t-values of the conventional group were 3.453, 5.469, 6.273, P-values <0.05, and the t-values of the observation group were 2.900, 4.575, 5.988, P-values <0.05, respectively). 4-6 months, 1 year and 2 years compared with the baseline status tIgE showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing (t-value in the conventional group was -5.328, -4.254, -0.690, P-value was 0.000, 0.000, 0.492, respectively, and t-value in the observation group was -6.087, -5.087, -0.324, P-value was 0.000, 0.000, 0.745, respectively). However, the results of intergroup comparisons showed no statistically significant differences in serological indices and efficacy between the two groups in terms of peripheral blood eosinophil counts at baseline status, 4-6 months, 1 year and 2 years (t-values of 0.723, 1.553, 0.766, and 0.234, respectively; P-values of 0.471, 0.122, 0.445, and 0.815, respectively), tIgE (t-values of 0.170, -0.166, -0.449, 0.839, P-values 0.865, 0.868, 0.654, 0.403, respectively), tIgG4 (t-values 1.507, 1.467, -0.337, 0.804, P-values 0.134, 0.145, 0.737, 0.422, respectively). Conclusion: Both immunotherapy regimens for airway allergic diseases with double mite allergen subcutaneous immunotherapy have significant clinical efficacy, low incidence of adverse reactions, and the observation group has better patient compliance than the control group.","['D006801', 'D002648', 'D003888', 'D012189', 'D002675', 'D000293', 'D000818', 'D007073', 'D001249', 'D000485', 'D008297', 'D065631', 'D005260', 'D008925', 'D016896']"
38955720,[Current status and progress on in vitro diagnosis of allergic diseases].,"Allergic diseases are immune disorders caused by allergens, leading to inflammation or organ dysfunction. In the past decade, the prevalence of allergic diseases in China has increased dramatically, imposing a heavy economic burden on the health care system and society. In vitro diagnosis of allergic diseases plays a crucial role in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of such diseases. This article enumerates the in vitro tests and diagnostic techniques of allergic diseases, gives an advocacy for quality management of IgE-related tests, summarizes the clinical interpretation and relevant research progress, aiming to provide a reference for improving laboratory diagnosis of allergic diseases.","['D006801', 'D006967', 'D007073']"
38955719,[Interpretation of 2023 EAACI guidelines on the diagnosis of IgE-mediated food allergy].,"The prevalence of food allergy is increasing globally, becoming a significant public health issue that greatly impacts the quality of life for patients and their families. However, there is currently a problem with both underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis of food allergy. Therefore, accurate diagnosis of food allergy and personalized management based on accurate diagnosis are crucial. Over the past 10 years, there has been relevant research on food allergy diagnosis, particularly focusing on IgE-mediated food allergy diagnostic methods such as component resolved diagnosis and basophil activation test, since the launch of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology(EAACI) Food Allergy Guidelines in 2014. In October 2023, EAACI published updated diagnostic guidelines for IgE-mediated food allergy. To help allergists and other medical professionals stay informed about the latest EAACI recommendations on the diagnosis of IgE-mediated food allergy, this guideline is now being interpreted.","['D005512', 'D006801', 'D007073', 'D000485']"
38955718,[Research progress on systemic chronic active Epstein-Barr virus disease].,系统性慢性活动性Epstein-Barr病毒（EBV）病是一种由EBV感染T或NK细胞引发的罕见疾病，主要表现为持续性或复发性的传染性单核细胞增多症样症状，伴随外周血EBV载量升高和/或EBV抗体异常改变。该疾病既往命名为系统性慢性活动性EBV感染，T/NK表型。随着病例的积累和分子研究的深入，学者们逐渐认识到该疾病的肿瘤属性，并在第5版WHO造血与淋巴组织肿瘤分类中将其更名为系统性慢性活动性EBV病。本文对系统性慢性活动性EBV病的发病机制、临床病理特征、治疗和预后方面的研究进展进行综述，为正确认识并在临床工作中准确诊疗该疾病提供参考。.,"['D006801', 'D020031', 'D004854', 'D007694', 'D002908', 'D007244', 'D013601', 'D011379', 'D000914', 'D019562']"
38955717,[Advance on TERT gene in melanoma].,皮肤黑色素瘤恶性程度高，基因改变复杂。端粒酶逆转录酶（telomerase reverse transcriptase，TERT）是黑色素瘤中较常出现异常的基因。TERT基因在黑色素瘤中的异常主要包括TERT启动子突变和TERT扩增，前者较常见于非肢端皮肤黑色素瘤，后者较常见于肢端黑色素瘤。检测TERT基因异常对黑色素细胞肿瘤良恶性鉴别，黑色素瘤的预后判断均有重要价值。同时，对阐明黑色素瘤发生的分子机制，寻求新的靶向治疗手段也有一定提示意义。.,"['D019098', 'D008545', 'D006801', 'D012878', 'D009154', 'D011401', 'D005784', 'D011379', 'D000096142']"
38955716,[Fistula associated anal adenocarcinoma: report of a case].,瘘管相关性肛门腺癌是一种罕见的肛门肿瘤，本文报道1例。该患者为37岁男性，肛瘘伴反复肛旁结块、肿痛溃脓20余年，磁共振成像检查示左侧高位肛周脓肿伴复杂性括约肌间瘘。镜下观察：纤维及炎性肉芽组织中见大量细胞外黏液，黏液被纤维间隔分成大小不一的黏液湖，部分纤维间隔表面衬覆梁索状异型腺上皮，局部乳头状增生，细胞多呈柱状，核圆形或卵圆形位于基底部，散在少量杯状细胞，局部细胞异型明显，极性紊乱，核仁清晰，小灶区域黏液湖内可见簇状或印戒样细胞，局灶区域伴出血及含铁血黄素沉积。免疫组织化学：异型上皮细胞细胞角蛋白（CK）7、CK20、MUC2、CDX2、SATB2、Villin、MSH2、MSH6、PMS2、MLH1阳性，MUC5AC部分阳性，突触素局灶区域阳性，MUC6、GCDFP15、嗜铬粒素A阴性。分子检测：KRAS基因第2号外显子第12位密码子突变，NRAS、BRAF V600E及PIK3CA基因未见突变。本文回顾其临床病理特征并复习相关文献，旨在提高对该病的认识，避免漏诊、误诊。.,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D001005', 'D000230', 'D012003', 'D016283', 'D055262']"
38955714,[YAP1-KMT2A fused sarcoma: report of a case].,YAP1-KMT2A融合肉瘤是一种罕见的软组织肉瘤新亚型，好发于青壮年，形态学与硬化性上皮样纤维肉瘤（SEF）有一定程度重叠，但不表达MUC4。本例患者为34岁女性，左腋下无痛性肿块半年。肿瘤周界相对清楚，由大小形态相对一致的上皮样细胞呈小簇状、短条索状、梁状、巢状或弥漫片状分布于致密胶原化间质中，局部可见血管外皮瘤样结构和地图样坏死。瘤细胞无显著异型性，核分裂象约15个/10 HPF。瘤细胞表达上皮细胞膜抗原、CD99、cyclin D1和BCOR，MUC4阴性。荧光原位杂交显示KMT2A基因易位，二代测序显示YAP1-KMT2A基因融合。常规病理工作中，若遇到形态类似SEF，但不表达MUC4的肿瘤，要考虑到YAP1-KMT2A融合肉瘤的可能性，并行分子检测予以明确。.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D000091102', 'D012509', 'D014157', 'D051788', 'D011495', 'D005354', 'D014178', 'D015514', 'D017404', 'D048868', 'D012983']"
38955712,[Primary nasal and sinus blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm with EWSR1 gene translocation: report of a case].,母细胞性浆细胞样树突状细胞肿瘤（BPDCN）是一种高度侵袭性的恶性肿瘤，主要依靠术后病理明确诊断。患者女，32岁。4个月前右侧鼻塞伴右眼流泪入院，发现右侧鼻腔肿物，镜下形态与多种小圆细胞恶性肿瘤相似，免疫组织化学染色显示CD123、CD56、CD4等阳性；EB病毒编码的RNA原位杂交检测结果阴性；外周血、骨髓穿刺活检未见异常；抗原受体基因克隆性重排PCR检测结果未显示B细胞及T细胞受体克隆性重排；染色体检查：患者为相对正常的整倍体，但EWSR1荧光染色体原位杂交显示伴有EWSR1（22q12）染色体易位，最终诊断为伴EWSR1基因易位的原发性鼻腔鼻窦BPDCN。.,"['D006801', 'D014178', 'D034802', 'D003713', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D009669', 'D016601', 'D010255', 'D002892', 'D002148']"
38955711,[Primary immunodeficiency disease based on ITK mutation: report of a case].,ITK突变引起的原发性免疫缺陷的淋巴增殖性疾病比较罕见，及时诊断是改善原发性免疫缺陷病的结局并降低其病死率的重要因素。本文报道1例罕见的ITK杂合突变的原发性免疫缺陷的患儿，腹股沟肿块及颈部淋巴结活检提示Burkitt淋巴瘤及淋巴增殖性疾病。临床特征表现为全身淋巴结肿大、严重的EB病毒感染、CD4+T细胞持续减少、双阴性T细胞增加、IgG水平升高、血小板及中性粒细胞减少、低纤维蛋白原血症及高γ球蛋白血症。此病例具有自身免疫性淋巴细胞增生综合征样疾病的临床表现及实验室特征。.,"['D006801', 'D009154', 'D002051', 'D008297', 'D020031', 'D011505', 'D000072281', 'D007153', 'D056735', 'D005260', 'D008232', 'D000081207']"
38955710,[Adult rhabdomyoma of the paraglottic space: report of a case].,本文报道1例罕见的喉旁间隙成年型横纹肌瘤（adult rhabdomyoma）。患者女，46岁。镜下观察示瘤细胞排列紧密，体积大，胞质丰富且呈嗜伊红，细胞核小，可见特征性的“蜘蛛状”细胞。免疫组织化学示结蛋白弥漫强阳性，平滑肌肌动蛋白和肌特异性肌动蛋白部分阳性，Myogenin和肌球蛋白小灶阳性，而广谱细胞角蛋白、S-100蛋白、HMB45、TFE3和突触素阴性，这些特征有助于与其他肿瘤鉴别。成年型横纹肌瘤罕见，预后良好，其病理特征对确诊至关重要。.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D012207', 'D008875', 'D003937', 'D000199', 'D009418', 'D009218']"
38955709,[HPV-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma: report of a case].,人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）相关性多表型鼻腔鼻窦癌（HPV-related multiphenoytpic sinonasal carcinoma，HMSC）是第5版WHO头颈部肿瘤分类新纳入的独特罕见病种，是一种与HPV相关的双相型上皮性肿瘤。病理学上需要与组织形态相似的腺样囊性癌相鉴别。患者女，82岁。因右侧鼻塞进行性加重入院。CT平扫示右侧鼻腔内团片状软组织肿块影。电子鼻内镜见右侧中鼻道被肿物充填。光镜下，组织形态与腺样囊性癌相似，局灶呈鳞状上皮分化，伴角化，可见多灶坏死，核分裂象易见。免疫组织化学染色显示p16、SOX10弥漫强阳性。聚合酶链反应-反向点杂交法证实高危型HPV33型感染，HPV E6E7 mRNA原位杂交结果阳性，MYB/NFIB融合基因阴性。.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D030361', 'D010255', 'D000369', 'D003528', 'D019941', 'D027383', 'D055757']"
38955707,[Clear cell sarcoma of kidney in children:a clinicopathological and molecular genetics analysis].,目的： 探讨儿童肾脏透明细胞肉瘤（CCSK）的临床病理学特征、诊断及预后。 方法： 收集首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院及河南省儿童医院2016年1月至2022年6月诊断的46例CCSK，观察其临床特征、组织学形态、免疫组织化学、分子遗传学特征及预后。 结果： 46例患者男性30例，女性16例，发病年龄3个月至11岁（中位年龄3岁），均为单侧，肿瘤最大径4.5~19.0 cm（中位数11 cm）；Ⅰ期15例，Ⅱ期26例，Ⅲ期4例，Ⅳ期1例；组织学除经典型外，常混有2~5种组织学亚型。术后25例（54.3%）转移和/或复发，5例死亡，复发时间1~107个月不等（中位数16个月），远处转移部位主要是肺、骨、脑。肿瘤最大径与无进展生存率存在相关性，临床分期与总生存率差异具有统计学意义。免疫组织化学标志物BCOR、Cyclin D1具有高灵敏度；分子病理检测显示89.1%（41/46）存在BCOR基因第15号外显子内部串联重复，2.2%（1/46）YWHAE-NUTM2重排，2.2%（1/46）BCOR-CCNB3基因融合，三者互斥，三者联合检测阳性率达93.5%（43/46）。 结论： CCSK好发于婴幼儿，肿瘤体积和分期与预后相关，组织病理联合免疫组织化学和分子检测可显著提高诊断准确性。.,"['D006801', 'D018227', 'D008297', 'D007680', 'D005260', 'D002648', 'D002675', 'D007223', 'D011379', 'D015996', 'D019938', 'D011518', 'D012097', 'D009364', 'D007150', 'D009367', 'D014408', 'D015514', 'D019926']"
38955705,[Pituitary Crooke cell neuroendocrine tumor of adrenocorticotropic hormone differentiation-specific transcription factor lineage: a clinicopathological analysis of six cases].,"Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features of Crooke cell tumor of adrenocorticotropic hormone differentiation specific transcription factor (TPIT, also known as transcription factor 19, TBX19) lineage neuroendocrine tumors. Methods: Six cases of Crooke cell tumor diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China from October 2019 to October 2023 were collected. The clinical and pathological features of these cases were analyzed. Results: Among the six cases, one was male and five were female, with ages ranging from 26 to 75 years, and an average age of 44 years. All tumors occurred within the sella turcica. Clinical presentations included visual impairment in two cases, menstrual disorders in one case, Cushing's syndrome in one case, headache in one case, and one asymptomatic case discovered during a physical examination. Preoperative serum analyses revealed elevated levels of cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormones in two cases, elevated cortisol in two cases, elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone in one case, and one case with a mild increase in prolactin due to the pituitary stalk effect. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed uneven enhancement of masses with maximum diameters ranging from 1.7 to 3.2 cm, all identified as macroadenomas. Microscopically, tumor cells exhibited irregular polygonal shapes, solid sheets, or pseudo-papillary arrangements around blood vessels. The cell nuclei were eccentric or centrally located, varying in size, with abundant cytoplasm. Some tumor cells showed perinuclear halo. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated diffuse strong positivity for TPIT in five cases, focal weak positivity for TPIT in one case, diffuse strong positivity for adrenocorticotropic hormone in all cases, and faint staining around the nuclei in a few cells. CK8/18 showed a strong positive ring pattern in more than 50% of tumor cells, focal weak positive expression of p53, and the Ki-67 positive index ranged 1%-5%. Periodic acid-Schiff staining revealed positive cytoplasm and negative perinuclear areas. Conclusions: Crooke cell tumor is a rare type of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. Its pathological characteristics include a distinctive perinuclear clear zone and immunohistochemical markers, such as CK8/18 exhibiting a ring or halo pattern. This entity represents a high-risk subtype among pituitary neuroendocrine tumors, displaying a high risk of invasion and a propensity for recurrence. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for the postoperative follow-up and multimodal treatment planning.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D010911', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D018358', 'D000324', 'D020825', 'D008279', 'D006854', 'D018398']"
38955704,[Detection of PIK3CA gene mutation and its related prognosis in colorectal cancer based on next-generation sequencing].,"Objectives: To investigate the mutation of PIK3CA in colorectal cancer and to analyze their clinicopathological features, and evaluate their role in clinical treatment and prognostication. Methods: A total of 128 paraffin-embbeded tissue samples of colorectal cancer from Shanxi Cancer Hospital from 2018 to 2021 were collected. DNA was extracted from the samples, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to detect PIK3CA mutation. The relationship between PIK3CA mutation, their clinicopathological features, and prognosis were analyzed. Results: Among the 128 colorectal cancer samples, there were 75 males and 53 females; with aged range 32-86 years, median 61.5 years, 27 (21.09%) had PIK3CA mutations. Colorectal cancer with PIK3CA mutation was more likely to occur in male patients (P=0.007), which was related to tumor site (P=0.032), tumor size (P=0.029) and TP53 wild-type (P=0.001). The common site mutations of PIK3CA mostly occurred in tumors with tumor mutation burden≥10 Muts/Mb (P=0.031).PIK3CA mutation had no significant effect on the survival prognosis of patients, but the efficacy of anti-angiogenic therapy was poor in these patients. Conclusions: PIK3CA mutation is a common mutation in colorectal cancer and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer. PIK3CA mutation may lead to resistance to anti-angiogenic drugs in colorectal cancer, but its impact on survival and prognosis to patients needs further study.","['D006801', 'D058534', 'D008297', 'D015179', 'D059014', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D009154', 'D000368', 'D011379', 'D000328', 'D000369', 'D020533']"
38955702,[Clinicopathological features and prognosis of sporadic mismatch repair deficient colorectal cancer].,"Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of sporadic mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer. Methods: A total of 120 cases of sporadic dMMR colorectal cancer from July 2015 to April 2021 were retrospectively collected in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College. Patients with Lynch syndrome; synchronous multiple colorectal cancers; preoperative anti-tumor treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy; and those with incomplete follow-up information were excluded based on family history and next-generation sequencing (NGS) test results. Immunohistochemical stains were used to detect the expression of mismatch repair proteins, methylation-specific PCR for methylation testing, and fluorescent PCR for BRAF V600E gene mutation detection. The clinical and pathological data, and gene mutation status were analyzed. Follow-up was done to assess survival and prognosis including progression-free survival and overall survival rate. Results: Sporadic dMMR colorectal cancer occurred more frequently in the right side of the colon, in females, and in the elderly. Morphologically, it was mostly moderately-differentiated, and most patients had low-grade tumor budding. In terms of immunohistochemical expression, MLH1 and PMS2 loss were dominant, and there were age and location-specificities in protein expression. MLH1 methylation was commonly detected in elderly female patients and rare in young male patients; while MLH1 and PMS2 deficiency, and BRAF V600E mutation occurred more often on the right side (P<0.05). The 3-year and 5-year progression-free survival rates were 90.7% and 88.7% respectively, and the 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 92.8% and 90.7% respectively. Tumor budding status was an independent risk factor affecting patient recurrence (hazard ratio=3.375, 95% confidence interval: 1.060-10.741, P=0.039), patients with low-grade tumor budding had better prognosis, and those with medium or high-grade tumor budding had poor prognosis. Conclusion: For dMMR colorectal cancer patients, tumor budding status is an independent risk factor for recurrence.","['D006801', 'D015179', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D011379', 'D012189', 'D053843', 'D048493', 'D000070957', 'D009154', 'D015996', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D019175', 'D000328', 'D003123']"
38955700,[Clinicopathological features of breast cancer with HER2 low expression: a real-world retrospective study].,"Objective: To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of breast cancer with HER2 low expression. Methods: The data from 3 422 patients with invasive breast cancer which archived in Peking Union Medical College Hospital between April 2019 and July 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Among them, 136 patients were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The tumor size, histological type, tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, Ki-67 index, the status of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2 as well as pathological complete response (pCR) rate were collected. Results: The HER2 status of 3 286 patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 616 (616/3 286, 18.7%) score 0, 1 047 (1 047/3 286, 31.9%) score 1+, 1 099 (1 099/3 286,33.4%) score 2+ and 524 (524/3 286,15.9%) score 3+ by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Among the 1 070 IHC 2+ cases, 161 were classified as HER2 positive by reflex fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay. In our cohort, 1 956 cases of HER2-low (IHC 1+ and IHC 2+/FISH-) breast cancer were identified. Compared to the HER2 IHC 0 group, HER2-low tumors more frequently occurred in patients with hormone receptor (HR) positive (P<0.001), Ki-67 index below 35% (P<0.001), well or moderate differentiation (P<0.001) and over the age of 50 (P=0.008). However, there were no significant differences in histological type, tumor size, and lymph node metastasis between HER2-low and HER2 IHC 0 group. For patients who had neoadjuvant therapy, the pCR rate in the patients with HER2-low was lower than those with HER2 IHC 0 (13.3%, 23.9%), but there was no significant difference. Although HER2-low breast cancers showed a slightly lower pCR rate than HER2 IHC 0 tumors, no remarkable difference was observed between tumors with HER2-low and HER2 IHC 0 regardless of hormone receptor status. Conclusions: The clinicopathological features of HER2-low breast cancers are different from those with HER2 IHC 0. It is necessary to accurately distinguish HER2-low breast cancer from HER2 IHC 0 and to reveal whether HER2-low tumor is a distinct biological entity.","['D006801', 'D001943', 'D018719', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D008207', 'D011960', 'D011980', 'D020360', 'D017404', 'D007150', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D019394']"
38955699,[Clinicopathological and molecular genetic features of neuromuscular choristoma-associated desmoid type fibromatosis].,"Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological and genetic characteristics of neuromuscular choristoma-associated desmoid type fibromatosis (NMC-DF). Methods: The clinical morphological and immunohistochemical features of 7 NMC-DF cases diagnosed from January 2013 to January 2023 in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. A series of neuromuscular choristoma and neuromuscular choristoma-associated desmoid type fibromatosis were evaluated for CTNNB1 mutations, and hotspot mutations for CTNNB1 were tested in 4 NMC-DF cases using Sanger sequencing. Results: The tumors were collected from 3 females and 4 males, aged 1 to 22 years (mean 7.1 years), involving the sciatic nerve (n=4), brachial plexus (n=2) or multiple nerves (n=1). The course of the disease spanned from 3 months to 10 years. Two cases were recurrent tumors. All the 7 NMC cases showed endoneurial intercalation of mature skeletal muscle fibers among the peripheral nerve fascicles, and the histologic features of the NMC-DF were strikingly similar to the conventional desmoid-type fibromatosis. By immunohistochemistry, all NMC and NMC-DF cases showed aberrant nuclear staining of β-catenin (7/7), the muscle cells in NMC were intensely immunoreactive for desmin, and the admixed nerve fibers were highlighted by NF and S-100 (7/7). Four NMC and NMC-DF had CTNNB1 mutations, 3 c.121A>G (p.T41A) and 1 c.134C>T (p.S45F). Follow-up of the 7 cases, ranging from 22 to 78 months, showed tumor recurrence in 2 patients at 3 and 8 months respectively after the first surgical resection, of which 1 patient underwent above-knee amputation. No recurrence occurred in other cases with tumor excision and neurological reconstruction surgery. There was no metastasis occurred in the 7 cases. Conclusions: NMC is a rare congenital lesion with differentiated mature skeletal muscle tissue found in peripheral nerve fascicles, and approximately 80% of patients with NMC develop a soft tissue fibromatosis. CTNNB1 mutation in the Wnt signaling pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of NMC and NMC-DF, and S45F mutations seems to have a higher risk of disease progression.","['D006801', 'D051176', 'D018222', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002648', 'D012189', 'D007223', 'D000293', 'D002675', 'D009154', 'D002828', 'D055815', 'D001917', 'D012584']"
38955698,[Application of 21-gene recurrence risk score in patients with breast cancer].,"Objective: To investigate the relationship between 21-gene recurrence risk score (21-Gene RS) and the prognosis and clinicopathological features of hormone receptor (HR) positive, HER2-negative early breast cancer patients who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. Methods: A total of 469 patients with HR positive and HER2-negative early breast cancer who received surgical treatment in the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2014 to October 2017 were selected. Their clinicopathological data were retrospectively analyzed. Tumor tissue samples were collected from patients, and the expression of 21-gene was detected by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The 21-Gene RS was calculated according to the Trial Assigning Individualized Options for Treatment (TAILORx) RS grouping and National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-20 (NSABP B-20) RS grouping principles. Patients were divided into low (21-Gene RS<11 or 21-Gene RS<18), intermediate (11≤21-Gene RS<26 or 18≤21-Gene RS<31) and high (21-Gene RS≥26 or 21-Gene RS≥31) risk groups, and the clinicopathological features and prognostic differences of patients in different risk groups were compared. Statistical data were compared by chi-square test. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curve analysis and the differences between groups were compared using Log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was conducted by COX regression analysis. Results: Based on TAILORx RS grouping, the proportions of low-risk, intermediate-risk and high-risk groups among the 469 patients were 18.8% (88/469), 48.2% (226/469) and 33.0% (155/469), respectively. Based on NSABP B-20 RS grouping, the proportion of low-risk, intermediate-risk and high-risk groups were 43.1% (202/469), 37.5% (176/469) and 19.4% (91/469), respectively. The association of 21-Gene RS with histological grading, luminal typing, Ki-67 expression, and chemotherapy and treatment modalities were statistically significant (P<0.05) regardless of TAILORx RS grouping or NSABP B-20 RS grouping. Kaplan-Meier survival curve suggested poor prognosis in high-risk group (P<0.05, Log-rank test). Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that surgical method and 21-Gene RS were risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients. Conclusions: 21-Gene RS is significantly associated with the prognosis of patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative, early-stage breast cancer not receiving neoadjuvant therapy, as well as with their clinicopathological characteristics such as patients' histologic grade, luminal typing, Ki-67 expression, and whether or not they are treated with chemotherapy or other treatment modalities.The 21-Gene RS threshold of 11 and 26 or 18 and 31 can be used to grade the prognosis in Chinese patients with early-stage breast cancer. More researches are needed to guide the selection of postoperative adjuvant therapy for patients with HR-positive and HER2-negative early-stage breast cancer.","['D006801', 'D001943', 'D005260', 'D009364', 'D011379', 'D018719', 'D012189', 'D011960', 'D011980', 'D008875', 'D012307']"
38955697,[Comparison of quantitative detection of BCR::ABL1 p210 transcript levels: a multicenter study].,"Objective: To assess the capability of seven reference medical laboratories to detect BCR::ABL1 p210 transcription levels and to compare the results among those laboratories. Methods: The interlaboratory comparison was carried out in two stages. The samples were prepared by the reference laboratory. The quantitative values of BCR::ABL1 p210 of the comparison samples covered 0.001%-0.01%, 0.01%-0.1%, 0.1%-1%, 1%-10% and>10% in each stage. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) and dPCR (digital PCR) were used to examine the samples. The conversion factor (CF) was calculated and validated for each laboratory. Results: In the RT-PCR comparison, one laboratory was failed to detect BCR::ABL1 p210 in fourteen samples at the first stage. The results of the other six laboratories were qualified with the bias <±1.2 folds (-0.133-0.338) and 95% limits of agreement within ±5 folds (upper limit 0.147-0.785, lower limit -0.770--0.109), and the corresponding CF values were calculated and validated. In the dPCR comparison, one laboratory did not report results at the second stage. The results of the other six laboratories were qualified with the bias <±1.2 folds (-0.026-0.267) and 95% limits of agreement within±5 folds (upper limit 0.084-0.991, lower limit -0.669--0.135), and the corresponding CF values were calculated and validated. The samples with BCR::ABL1 p210 quantitative values of 0.01%-0.1%, 0.1%-1%, 1%-10% and >10% could be detected by both RT-PCR and qPCR. When the quantitative value of BCR::ABL1 p210 was 0.001%-0.01%, the detection rate of dPCR was higher than that of RT-PCR (85.56% vs. 68.00%). Conclusions: A good consistency is present among various laboratories. The quantitative value of BCR::ABL1 p210 is comparable among laboratories as shown by the CF value conversion. For quantitative detection of BCR::ABL1 p210 deep molecular reaction, dPCR has a higher positive detection rate and more advantages than RT-PCR. To ensure the accuracy and reproducibility of the BCR::ABL1 p210 test, it is imperative for every laboratory to enhance their daily quality control practices.","['D006801', 'D016044', 'D060888', 'D015464', 'D015203']"
38955696,[Clinicopathological features of primary mucosal CD30-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders].,"Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of primary mucosal CD30-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (pmCD30+TLPD). Methods: Eight cases of pmCD30+TLPD diagnosed from 2013 to 2023 at the Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University and Beijing Ludaopei Hospital were retrospectively collected. The immunophenotype, EBV infection status and T-cell receptor (TCR) clonability of tumor cells were examined. The clinicopathological features were analyzed and related literatures were reviewed. Results: There were 5 females and 3 males, aged 28 to 73 years, without B symptoms, lack of trauma and autoimmune diseases. Seven cases occurred in oral mucosa and one in anal canal mucosa. Submucosal nodules with ulcerations were presented in all cases except one, which only submucosal nodule. Morphologically, there was different distribution of allotypic lymphocytes in inflammatory background. Four cases showed ""kidney-shaped"", ""embryonic"" and ""horseshoe-shaped"" cells, and one case resembled Hodgkin and Reed/Sternberg (HRS) cells. Allotypic lymphocytes expressed CD3 (7/8), CD4+/CD8-(7/8) and CD4-/CD8-(1/8). CD30 was uniformly strongly positive while ALK and CD56 were negative. In situ hybridization of EBER was negative in five cases (5/5). Clonal TCR gene rearrangement was positive in two cases. Four patients did not receive radiotherapy or chemotherapy. All the seven patients survived without disease except one died due to concurrent leukopenia. Conclusions: pmCD30+TLPD had a broad morphological spectrum and could be easily confused with primary cutaneous CD30+TLPD and systemic ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma involving mucosa, which may lead to misdiagnosis. Although the majority of the cases had a favorable prognosis, a few cases relapsed or progressed to lymphoma.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D008232', 'D017730', 'D008875', 'D012189', 'D003937', 'D013601', 'D009061', 'D016539', 'D020031', 'D016130', 'D011948']"
38955695,[Clinicopathological characteristics of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma with B-cell proliferation or neoplasms].,"Objective: To investigate the clinical, pathological and immunophenotypic features, and differential diagnosis of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) with B-cell proliferation or neoplasms. Methods: Eight qualified cases were collected from the Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China from January 2019 to July 2023. One case was diagnosed with AITL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and the other seven cases were diagnosed with AITL and B-cell proliferation. Clinical characteristics and pathological morphology were summarized. Immunohistochemical analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization and gene rearrangement detection were performed. Results: The patients' average age was 58 years. Five of them were male. Biopsies of the enlarged cervical lymph nodes showed structural destruction and exhibited various histologic patterns. Some cases revealed Burkitt-like morphology, a moderate tumor volume and slightly irregular nuclei. Some cases showed prominent nucleoli. High endothelial venules and expanded follicular dendritic cells were detected. Tumor cells derived from T-follicular helper (TFH) cells were positive for two or more TFH biomarkers. Nodular or diffuse patchy proliferation of B cells was noted around the tumor tissue, which was initially considered as B-cell lymphoma. All of the 8 cases showed monoclonal rearrangements of the T-cell receptor genes while 5 of them also showed clonal rearrangements of the Ig genes. Seven of the 8 cases were subject to the detection of C-MYC gene breakage and were all negative. EBV-positive cells were seen in 6 cases. Neoplastic B cells were positive for C-MYC (>40%), while proliferative B cells were negative for C-MYC (<40%). Conclusions: The histological morphology of AITL with B-cell proliferation or lymphoma may be different from AITL. An integrated analysis, incorporating clinical, morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular assessment, helps reach an accurate diagnosis. This group of cases demonstrated the clinical and pathological characteristics of AITL accompanied by B-cell proliferation and B-cell lymphoma. The findings suggest that C-MYC maybe a feasible indicator for distinguishing B-cell proliferation from B-cell lymphoma, and provide a simple and feasible immunohistochemical marker for the diagnosis and research of composite lymphoma.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D016403', 'D049109', 'D007119', 'D001402', 'D003937', 'D016399', 'D008198', 'D005260', 'D017404', 'D016271', 'D000368', 'D016393']"
38955691,[Advances in gene therapy for Alport syndrome].,Alport综合征是一种以基底膜结构异常为特征的遗传性肾脏疾病，临床上表现为进行性肾功能丧失、感音神经性听力损失和各种眼部异常，由负责编码基底膜Ⅳ型胶原蛋白α3、α4和α5链的基因变异引起。尚无根治性治疗方法，药物治疗只能延缓病情进展。近年来国内外学者在Alport综合征基因治疗研究方面取得了一定的进展与收获。本文旨在从动物模型、基因转移载体、实验性基因治疗方法3个角度综述Alport综合征基因治疗的研究现状及最新进展，并讨论基因治疗可能面临的问题与挑战。.,"['D009394', 'D015316', 'D006801', 'D024141', 'D000818', 'D004195', 'D009154', 'D005822', 'D018014', 'D051379', 'D001485']"
38955690,[A case of familial gynecomastia caused by CYP19A1 gene variations].,患儿　男，6岁11月龄，因“发现双侧乳房发育半年”就诊于宁夏医科大学总医院。患儿双侧乳房发育，骨龄12岁，不伴有性腺发育障碍，全外显子组测序提示15q21.2上包含CYP19A1的138 kb的拷贝数重复，结合表型及家族史，确诊为家族性男性乳房发育症，予阿那曲唑治疗4个月后患儿双侧乳房明显缩小。.,"['D006801', 'D006177', 'D008297', 'D002648', 'D001141', 'D000077384', 'D000073359', 'D009570', 'D014230', 'D010641', 'D009154', 'D001940', 'D010375']"
38955688,[Effect and safety of Burosumab in the treatment of 4 children with X-linked hypophosphatemia].,"Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of treatment with Burosumab in pediatric X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) patients. Methods: In this retrospective case study, 4 children with pediatric XLH, who were treated with Burosumab in Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University and Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from July 2022 to December 2023, were selected as the study objects. We collected and analyzed their clinical characteristics, biochemical indicators, imaging results, and treatment. The children were followed up every 3 months until December 2023, and the clinical outcomes and adverse drug reactions after treatment were evaluated. Results: Of the 4 patients, 3 were males and 1 was female; they were aged 6.7, 2.9, 2.1, and 2.3 years, respectively. Three patients had previously received treatment with phosphate supplements and active vitamins, but their wadding gait and lower limb deformities did not improve significantly, neither did their imaging changes of active richets. The initial dose of Burosumab in the 4 patients was 0.8 mg/kg, administered subcutaneously every 2 weeks, with a treatment course of 0.8-1.3 years. The fasting serum phosphorus and tubular maximum reabsorption of phosphate/glomerular filtration rate (TmP/GFR) of the 4 patients before treatment were 0.72, 0.95, 0.81, 0.66 mmol/L and 0.67, 0.85, 0.87, 0.61 mmol/L, respectively. At the last follow-up, the fasting serum phosphorus and TmP/GFR levels were significantly increased (0.96, 1.09, 1.09, 0.90 mmol/L, and 0.85, 0.79, 1.03, 0.98 mmol/L, respectively). Among them, only the TmP/GFR level (1.17 mmol/L) in case 2 achieved normal values at 3 months post-therapy, while the rest did not reach the normal range for children of the same age. After treatment, the alkaline phosphatase levels of all patients gradually decreased (the values were 461, 240, 423, and 237 U/L, respectively), and the ALP levels in cases 2 and 4 returned to normal at the last visit. Case 4 showed a slight increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels after 9 months of treatment, while the PTH levels in the rest 3 cases remained normal. Case 1 underwent a 6-minute walking test, and the walking distance increased from 245 m to 570 m. Abnormal gait, lower limb deformity, and the severity of rickets in the 4 patients had all improved. No adverse drug reactions such as nephrocalcinosis, local skin injection reaction, hyperphosphatemia, or vitamin D deficiency were observed. Conclusion: Burosumab can improve clinical symptoms in children with XLH with a good safety profile.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D053098', 'D061067', 'D002648', 'D012189', 'D002675', 'D016896']"
38955686,[Clinical phenotyping of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children].,"Objective: To investigate and summarize pediatric patients with severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) presenting with varied clinical and chest imaging features in order to guide the individualized treatment. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. Medical records of clinical, imaging and laboratory data of 505 patients with MPP who were admitted to the Department Ⅱ of Respirology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2016 to October 2023 and met the enrollment criteria were included. They were divided into severe group and non-severe group according to whether lower airway obliterans was developed. The clinical and chest imaging features of the two groups were analyzed. Those severe cases with single lobe ≥2/3 consolidation (lobar consolidation) were further divided into subtype lung-necrosis and subtype non-lung-necrosis based on whether lung necrosis was developed. Comparison on the clinical manifestations, bronchoscopic findings, whole blood C-reactive protein (CRP) and other inflammatory indicators between the two subtypes was performed. Comparisons between two groups were achieved using independent-sample t-test, nonparametric test or chi-square test. Univariate receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed on the indicators such as CRP of the two subtypes. Results: Of the 505 cases, 254 were male and 251 were female. The age of the onset was (8.2±2.9) years. There were 233 severe cases, among whom 206 were with lobar consolidation and 27 with diffuse bronchiolitis. The other 272 belonged to non-severe cases, with patchy, cloudy infiltrations or single lobe <2/3 uneven consolidation or localized bronchiolitis. Of the 206 cases (88.4%) severe cases with lobar consolidation, 88 harbored subtype lung-necrosis and 118 harbored subtype non-lung-necrosis. All 206 cases (100.0%) presented with persistent high fever, among whom 203 cases (98.5%) presented with inflammatory secretion obstruction and plastic bronchitis under bronchoscopy. Of those 88 cases with subtype lung-necrosis, there were 42 cases (47.7%) with dyspnea and 39 cases (44.3%) with moderate to massive amount of pleural effusion. There were 35 cases (39.8%) diagnosed with lung embolism during the disease course, of which other 34 cases (38.6%) were highly suspected. Extensive airway mucosal necrosis was observed in 46 cases (52.3%), and the level of their whole blood CRP was significantly higher than that of subtype non-lung-necrosis (131.5 (91.0, 180.0) vs. 25.5 (12.0, 43.1) mg/L, U=334.00, P<0.001). They were regarded as subtype ""lung consolidation-atelectasis-necrosis"". Of those 118 cases with subtype non-lung-necrosis, 27 cases (22.9%) presented with dyspnea and none were with moderate to massive amount of pleural effusion. Sixty-five cases (55.1%) presented with plastic bronchitis and localized airway mucosal necrosis was observed in 32 cases (27.1%). They were deemed as subtype ""lung consolidation-atelectasis"". ROC curve analyses revealed that whole blood CRP of 67.5 mg/L on the 6-10 th day of disease course exhibited a sensitivity of 0.96, a specificity of 0.89, and an area under the curve of 0.97 for distinguishing between these two subtypes among those with lobar consolidation. Conclusions: Pediatric patients with severe MPP present with lobar consolidation or diffuse bronchiolitis on chest imaging. Those with lobar consolidation harbor 2 subtypes as ""lung consolidation-atelectasis-necrosis"" and ""lung consolidation-atelectasis"". Whole blood CRP of 67.5 mg/L can be applied as an early discriminating indicator to discriminate between these two subtypes.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D011019', 'D012189', 'D002648', 'D008168', 'D002097', 'D010641', 'D009177', 'D001999', 'D012720', 'D002675', 'D009336', 'D001988']"
38955684,[Related factors of acute symptomatic seizures and epilepsy in children with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease].,"Objective: To investigate the risk factors of acute symptomatic seizures (ASS) and epilepsy in children with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). Methods: A ambispective cohort study was used including 74 children with MOGAD who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of Peking University First Hospital from January 2013 to June 2023 and were followed up. Demographic information, clinical information, treatment status, ASS and epilepsy status were collected. The clinical phenotypes were classified. According to the presence or absence of ASS in the course of disease, the children and the course of disease were divided into groups with and without ASS. Chi-square test, Fisher exact test and Mann Whitney U test were used to analyze the correlation between symptoms and auxiliary examination characteristics and the occurrence of ASS in the two groups of children. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis. Results: The onset age of the 74 children with MOGAD was 6.58 (3.80, 9.67) years, including 38 females (51.4%) and 36 males (48.6%). The duration of the final follow-up was 2.67 (1.10, 4.12) years, with a total of 239 times acute clinical episodes. ASS occurred in 39.2% (29/74) children during the course of disease and in 29.3% (70/239) of attacks. The common phenotypes were ADEM (67 times (28.0%)), optic neuritis (37 times (15.4%)) and cerebral cortical encephalitis (31 times (13.0%)) in 239 times acute clinical episodes. The incidence of ASS in ADEM and cerebral cortical encephalitis phenotype was 28.4%(19/67) and 100.0% (31/31), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that cortical involvement on magnetic resonance imaging during clinical attacks was an independent risk factor for ASS (β=-1.49, OR=0.23) after excluding attacks involving only optic nerve or spinal cord (49 episodes). During the follow-up, 5 children (6.8%) had epilepsy, and all children with epilepsy had multiple clinical attacks of MOGAD and previous ASS. Conclusions: Cortical involvement on magnetic resonance imaging during clinical episodes is an independent risk factor for ASS in children with MOGAD. All MOGAD children with epilepsy had ASS and multiple MOGAD clinical episodes in the past.","['D006801', 'D063308', 'D008297', 'D002648', 'D005260', 'D004827', 'D002675', 'D012307', 'D012640', 'D001323', 'D015331', 'D000208', 'D008279', 'D016015']"
38955683,[Clinical phenotype and genotype analysis of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 caused by novel ABCB4 gene mutation].,"Objective: To investigate the pathogenic mechanism and clinical characteristics of the novel splicing variant of ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 4 (ABCB4) and provide a basis for subsequent genetic diagnosis. Methods: The clinical data of a 5-year-old child with cholestatic liver disease admitted to the Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University was retrospectively analyzed. The pathogenic variations were detected by whole exome sequencing and verified by Sanger sequencing, and bioinformatics was used to predict the pathogenicity of the mutation sites. Possible pathogenic variations were verified in vitro by Minigene assay. The clinical outcome was followed after discharge from hospital. Results: The 5-year-old boy had developed cholestasis at the age of 11 months. His physical examination showed obvious enlargement of the liver and spleen. Cholestatic cirrhosis was diagnosed by liver function tests, abdominal ultrasonography, liver biopsy and pathology. The results of genetic analysis showed that the patient was a complex heterozygote of the ABCB4 gene, with a pathogenic mutation c.2860G>A and a novel mutation c.2065-8T>G, derived from the mother and father respectively. The conservative prediction of the c.2065-8T>G site showed that this region was highly conserved and may affect splicing. Minigene assay results confirmed that the c.2065-8T>G mutation resulted in a 7 bp retention of intron 16 in the mature mRNA. In the absence of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, the amino acid frameshift forms a truncated protein, which is represented by p.Glu689ValfsTer19. The patient was diagnosed as progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 (PFIC3) and treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). His clinical symptoms improved during 18 months of follow-up. Conclusions: The c.2065-8T>G variant is confirmed to affect the splicing process and exhibits complex heterozygosity with c.2860G>A, which is identified as the cause of the disease. PFIC3 children with this variant showed cholestatic liver disease as the main manifestation with a slow progression and was sensitive to treatment with UDCA.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D002780', 'D002675', 'D018435', 'D009154', 'D010641', 'D000073359', 'D005838', 'D006579', 'D012189', 'D014580', 'D008099']"
38955678,[Expert consensus on newborn screening of T-cell receptor excision circles and (or) Kappa-recombination excision circles (2024)].,免疫出生缺陷（IEI）是一类主要由单基因变异导致免疫细胞数量和（或）功能异常的疾病。早期诊断和合理治疗是拯救IEI患儿生命，改善其生活质量，减轻家庭及社会医疗负担的重要举措。IEI的新生儿筛查逐渐开展。为此，中华医学会儿科学分会免疫学组、国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心以及中华儿科杂志编辑委员会组织相关领域专家，围绕IEI新生儿筛查流程与相关问题达成10条共识，以期规范和指导IEI的新生儿筛查工作。.,"['D006801', 'D015997', 'D007231', 'D011948', 'D032921', 'D002681', 'D007154']"
38955668,Cardiotrophin-1 therapy reduces disease severity in a murine model of glomerular disease.,"Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), a member of the interleukin (IL)-6 cytokine family, has renoprotective effects in mouse models of acute kidney disease and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, but its role in glomerular disease is unknown. To address this, we used the mouse model of nephrotoxic nephritis to test the hypothesis that CT-1 also has a protective role in immune-mediated glomerular disease. Using immunohistochemistry and analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data of isolated glomeruli, we demonstrate that CT-1 is expressed in the glomerulus in male mice, predominantly in parietal epithelial cells and is downregulated in mice with nephrotoxic nephritis. Furthermore, analysis of data from patients revealed that human glomerular disease is also associated with reduced glomerular CT-1 transcript levels. In male mice with nephrotoxic nephritis and established proteinuria, administration of CT-1 resulted in reduced albuminuria, prevented podocyte loss, and sustained plasma creatinine, compared with mice administered saline. CT-1 treatment also reduced fibrosis in the kidney cortex, peri-glomerular macrophage accumulation and the kidney levels of the pro-inflammatory mediator complement component 5a. In conclusion, CT-1 intervention therapy delays the progression of glomerular disease in mice by preserving kidney function and inhibiting renal inflammation and fibrosis.","['D000818', 'D008297', 'D016207', 'D051379', 'D007678', 'D008810', 'D004195', 'D006801', 'D005355', 'D005921']"
38955468,Trafficking of mitochondrial double-stranded RNA from mitochondria to the cytosol.,"In addition to mitochondrial DNA, mitochondrial double-stranded RNA (mtdsRNA) is exported from mitochondria. However, specific channels for RNA transport have not been demonstrated. Here, we begin to characterize channel candidates for mtdsRNA export from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytosol. Down-regulation of SUV3 resulted in the accumulation of mtdsRNAs in the matrix, whereas down-regulation of PNPase resulted in the export of mtdsRNAs to the cytosol. Targeting experiments show that PNPase functions in both the intermembrane space and matrix. Strand-specific sequencing of the double-stranded RNA confirms the mitochondrial origin. Inhibiting or down-regulating outer membrane proteins VDAC1/2 and BAK/BAX or inner membrane proteins PHB1/2 strongly attenuated the export of mtdsRNAs to the cytosol. The cytosolic mtdsRNAs subsequently localized to large granules containing the stress protein TIA-1 and activated the type 1 interferon stress response pathway. Abundant mtdsRNAs were detected in a subset of non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines that were glycolytic, indicating relevance in cancer biology. Thus, we propose that mtdsRNA is a new damage-associated molecular pattern that is exported from mitochondria in a regulated manner.","['D006801', 'D003600', 'D008928', 'D012330', 'D000091402', 'D000077278', 'D045744', 'D012097', 'D034443', 'D005095', 'D050995', 'D002289', 'D024101']"
38955454,Biomarker for cardiorenal syndrome risk in patients with liver cirrhosis and type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia.,"To evaluate the correlation between different attributes, levels of biomarkers, and the probability of developing cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) in patients who have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and liver cirrhosis (LC). The hypothesis suggests that liver illness may be linked to renal impairment, cardiac dysfunction, and the development of cardiorenal syndrome METHODS: The current study retrospectively assessed the medical records of patients who had LC and T2DM diagnoses and were hospitalized at Al Madina Al Munwara hospitals in 2022 and 2023.","['D006801', 'D003924', 'D005260', 'D008103', 'D008297', 'D015415', 'D012529', 'D008875', 'D059347', 'D012307', 'D012189', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D015992', 'D002097', 'D005919', 'D006442', 'D003404']"
38955448,"Serological markers of transfusion transmissible infections and ABO blood groups in Najran, Saudi Arabia.","To ascertain the prevalence of transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) across diverse donor groups in the Najran province. Additionally, to establish a potential association between the development of TTI and the donors' blood group, as determined by the ABO/Rh blood grouping system.","['D006801', 'D000017', 'D000328', 'D006514', 'D012529', 'D008297', 'D001782', 'D012189', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D015415', 'D013587', 'D055815', 'D065227', 'D015995', 'D000293', 'D006509', 'D006510', 'D015658']"
38955446,Retrospective analysis of the clinical utility of multi-cytokine profiles in smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis.,"To evaluate cytokine profiles and interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) for their diagnostic capabilities in the differentiation of tuberculosis (TB) from non-TB conditions, as well as smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (SNPT) from smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (SPPT).","['D006801', 'D014397', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D016207', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D012189', 'D059425', 'D007376', 'D016209', 'D012372', 'D015850', 'D016753']"
38953675,[Not Available].,"This is a case report of a 66-year-old male patient with spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 and a family history of anaesthesia-related death was anaesthetised with total intravenous anaesthesia and neuromuscular blockade for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Anaesthesia and surgery were uneventful. In the post-anesthesia care unit, the patient developed acute respiratory distress and was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for mechanical ventilation. He recovered respiratorically and was released from the ICU after four days. Risks associated with anaesthesia in patients with neurodegenerative disorders should be considered before performing surgery.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D000768', 'D017081']"
38953415,Effects of perioperative magnesium on postoperative analgesia following thoracic surgery: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.,"To evaluate the analgesic effects of intravenous magnesium in patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) were systematically identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library from inception to May 1st, 2023. The primary outcome was the effect of intravenous magnesium on the severity of postoperative pain at 24 hours following surgery, while the secondary outcomes included association between intravenous magnesium and pain severity at other time points, morphine consumption, and haemodynamic changes. Meta-analysis of seven RCTs published between 2007 and 2019, involving 549 adults, showed no correlation between magnesium and pain scores at 1-4 (standardized mean difference [SMD]=-0.06; p=0.58), 8-12 (SMD=-0.09; p=0.58), 24 (SMD=-0.16; p=0.42), and 48 (SMD=-0.27; p=0.09) hours post-surgery. Perioperative magnesium resulted in lower equivalent morphine consumption at 24 hours post-surgery (mean difference [MD]=-25.22 mg; p=0.04) and no effect at 48 hours (MD=-4.46 mg; p=0.19). Magnesium decreased heart rate (MD = -5.31 beats/min; p=0.0002) after tracheal intubation or after surgery, but had no effect on postoperative blood pressure (MD=-6.25 mmHg; p=0.11). There was a significantly higher concentration of magnesium in the magnesium group compared with that in the placebo group (MD = 0.91 mg/dL; p<0.00001). This meta-analysis provides evidence supporting perioperative magnesium as an analgesic adjuvant at 24 hours following thoracic surgery, but no opioid-sparing effect at 48 hours post-surgery. The severity of postoperative pain did not significantly differ between any of the postoperative time points, irrespective of magnesium. Further research on perioperative magnesium in various surgical settings is needed.","['D006801', 'D010149', 'D008274', 'D016032', 'D019616', 'D000698']"
38951892,"Comparative analysis of the analgesic effects of intercostal nerve block, ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block, and epidural block following single-port thoracoscopic lung surgery.","In this study, we compared the analgesic effects of intercostal nerve block (ICNB), ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block (PVB), and epidural block (EB) following single-port thoracoscopic lung surgery.","['D006801', 'D009407', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D007367', 'D018084', 'D010149', 'D020775', 'D000368', 'D010147', 'D000328', 'D013906', 'D008168']"
38951786,"Safety of propofol-assisted deep extubation in the dental treatment of children-a retrospective, observational study.","Awake extubation and deep extubation are commonly used anesthesia techniques. In this study, the safety of propofol-assisted deep extubation in the dental treatment of children was assessed.","['D006801', 'D060666', 'D002675', 'D012189', 'D015742', 'D002648', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D018686', 'D000768', 'D011183', 'D007826', 'D007442', 'D000766']"
38951104,[Effectiveness and safety of multimodal analgesia in open gastrostomy in patients with end-stage head and neck cancer].,"Objective: To investigate the effectiveness and safety of multimodal analgesia in patients with end-stage head and neck cancer in open gastrostomy surgery. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial. From June to December 2023, 50 patients with end-stage head and neck cancer who underwent elective open gastrostomy surgery in Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were prospectively selected. The patients were divided into multimodal analgesia group and local anesthesia group using the random number table method according to different anesthesia methods, with 25 cases in each group. In multimodal analgesia group, a multimodal analgesia regimen was adopted: ultrasound-guided abdominal wall nerve block (rectus sheath block and transverse abdominis plane block)+intravenous injection of oxycodone+intravenous injection of flurbiprofen axetil and dexamethasone. In local anesthesia group, local infiltration anesthesia with ropivacaine was adopted. The main outcome measure was the incidence of intraoperative pain numeric rating scale (NRS) score>3 points in the two groups. The secondary observation indicators included NRS score and hemodynamic indexes [mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR)] at various time points during surgery [before anesthesia (T0), at the time of incision (T1), 10 minutes after surgery (T2), during gastric body traction (T3), and at the end of surgery (T4)], incidence of adverse reactions, postoperative patient satisfaction score, as well as the NRS scores at rest and activity (coughing) within 24 hours after surgery. Results: The multimodal analgesia group included 21 males and 4 females, aged (61.4±9.9) years. There were 19 males and 6 females in the local anesthesia group, aged (58.6±10.8) years. The incidence of intraoperative NRS score>3 points and the incidence of salvage analgesia in the multimodal analgesia group were both 12.0% (3/25), which were lower than 60.0% (15/25) in the local anesthesia group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.001); The NRS score [M (Q1, Q3)] at T3 in the multimodal analgesia group was 2 (2, 3) points, which were lower than 5 (3, 6) points in the local anesthesia group (P<0.05). There were smaller variabilities in MAP and HR in the multimodal analgesia group than those in the local anesthesia group (all P<0.05). The incidence of intraoperative tachycardia, surgical traction reaction, and nausea in the multimodal analgesia group was lower than that in the local anesthesia group (all P<0.05). The postoperative satisfaction score of patients in the multimodal analgesia group was (9.25±0.71) points, which were higher than (7.33±0.87) points in the local anesthesia group (P<0.001). NRS score during postoperative activity within 24 hours in the multimodal analgesia group were (2.36±0.75) points, which were lower than (3.03±0.81) points of the local anesthesia group (P=0.005). No adverse reactions such as urinary retention, nausea, vomiting and dizziness occurred in both groups. Conclusion: Compared with local anesthesia, the multimodal analgesic strategy could provide better analgesic effect and longer duration, better hemodynamic stability, and fewer intraoperative adverse reactions in patients with end-stage head and neck cancer undergoing open gastrostomy.","['D006801', 'D006258', 'D000698', 'D009407', 'D005774', 'D008297', 'D000772', 'D010149', 'D005260', 'D059408', 'D011446', 'D000779', 'D008875', 'D010147']"
38951077,[Ultrasonic convex array probe applied to increase success rate of external cephalic version without anesthesia].,"Objective: To explore the feasibility of using ultrasonic convex array probe compressing abdominal wall to increase success rate of external cephalic version (ECV) without anesthesia in full-term and near-term pregnancy. Methods: Totally 190 singleton and non-cephalic presentation pregnant women in 36-39+4 weeks of gestation performed ECV from April 2019 to August 2023 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were analyzed. According to whether use the ultrasound probe compressing fetal breech or not, the pregnant women were divided into two groups: 81 cases in the probe-compressing group (including primipara 61 cases and multipara 20 cases) and 109 cases in the non-probe-compressing group(including primipara 72 cases and multipara 37 cases). Clinical data, ECV related factors and complications were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results: (1) The overall success rate of ECV was 64.2% (122/190). There was no significant difference in the success rate of ECV between probe-compressing group and non-probe-compressing group [69.1% (56/81) vs 60.6% (66/109), χ2=1.490, P=0.222]. The total vaginal delivery rate after successful ECV was 81.1% (99/122), while 71.1% (54/76) in primipara and 97.8% (45/46) in multipara, respectively. (2) Compare to the non-probe-compressing group, the success rate of ECV in primipara was significantly higher in the probe-compressing group [45.8% (33/72) vs 70.5% (43/61)], but the gestational age was shorter and the height was higher in the probe-compressing group (all P<0.05). The success rate of ECV of multipara in the probe-compressing group (65.0%, 13/20) was lower than that in the non-probe-compressing group (89.2%, 33/37), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). (3) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that abdominal wall compressed by ultrasound probe (OR=2.601, 95%CI: 1.113-6.075; P=0.027) and amniotic fluid index (AFI; OR=1.010, 95%CI: 1.001-1.020; P=0.028) were positive factors for the successful rate of ECV in primipara pregnant women. (4) The main complication of ECV was transient fetal heart rate reduction (8.9%,17/190), the incidence in the probe-compressing group was significantly higher than that in the non-probe-compressing group [14.8% (12/81) vs 4.6% (5/109); χ2=5.967, P=0.015]. No statistical differences were found in rates of complications between the ECV successful and unsuccessful pregnant women, and between probe-compressing and non-probe-compressing groups (all P>0.05). No adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes related to ECV were observed. Conclusions: The ultrasonic convex array probe compressing could significantly improve the success rate of ECV in primipara without increasing the incidence of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. The success rate of ECV in primipara is influenced by AFI and operation mode.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D014710', 'D000328', 'D016216', 'D000758', 'D011256', 'D005240', 'D007746']"
38949453,Regional anaesthesia for district hospitals and clinics.,"Pain is a common reason that patients seek care in the emergency department (ED). Regional anaesthesia in the form of nerve blocks provides an excellent alternative to traditional forms of analgesia, and may be superior in managing musculoskeletal pain compared to opioids. Adequate pain management improves patient satisfaction, facilitates examination and minor procedures, and allows for earlier and safe discharge. In low resource settings this modality is underutilised due to lack of trained providers and/or support from specialised services, shortages of equipment, and lack of context-sensitive guidelines. Advances in ultrasound guided regional anaesthesia has the potential to improve access to safe and reliable anaesthesia. It is often not accessible or an active part of training even for emergency physicians. There are, however, a number of nerve blocks that are easy to learn, don't require specialised equipment, and can be readily applied in EDs for minor procedures and longer acting forms of analgesia. Nerve blocks more applicable in the operating theatre or best done under ultrasound guidance are mentioned but not discussed in this article. This continuous professional development (CPD) article aims to provide guidance with respect to several key areas related to more commonly used types of regional anaesthesia in district level services. We discuss the importance of good clinical practice including thorough preparation of equipment and the patient to avoid common complications, clinical indications for regional blocks in the ED, local anaesthetic agents, different techniques for some common regional blocks, potential complications, and the need for a trained interprofessional team.","['D006801', 'D000765', 'D009407', 'D006767', 'D059408', 'D018084', 'D000779', 'D004636']"
38949224,Lumbar Sympathetic Block for Treatment of Knee Pain From Synovial Plica Syndrome: A Case Report.,"Lumbar sympathetic blocks (LSBs) are used to treat sympathetically mediated pain in the lower extremities, kidneys, ureters, and genitals. LSBs use local anesthetic to block the sympathetic system to modulate pain response. In this case report, an avid runner was diagnosed with synovial plica syndrome. His pain was refractory to arthroscopic plica excision, physical therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and intraarticular steroid injections. He received 3 rounds of LSB resulting in significant and sustained pain relief. This case suggests that LSB successfully treated knee pain from synovial plica syndrome and there may be a sympathetic component to this disease state.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D001340', 'D007719', 'D013577']"
38948969,Attenuation of acute postoperative pain and opioid requirement with the use of magnesium sulfate in patients undergoing limb amputations.,"To compare the effects of magnesium sulphate on the total dose of intravenous morphine consumption postoperatively following limb amputations along with rescue analgesia requirement, pain scores and side effects.","['D006801', 'D010149', 'D008278', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000701', 'D000328', 'D009020', 'D011446', 'D000671', 'D010147', 'D008875', 'D016058', 'D055815', 'D059787']"
38948292,[Effects of Dexmedetomidine on the Recovery Quality of Donors Undergoing Pure Laparoscopic Donor Hepatectomy].,To investigate the effects of intraoperative intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on the recovery quality of donors undergoing pure laparoscopic donor hepatectomy.,"['D020927', 'D006801', 'D006498', 'D010535', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D019520', 'D016031', 'D006993', 'D000762']"
38947222,Up-and-Down Determination of Different Crystalloid Coload Volumes on the ED 90 of Prophylactic Norepinephrine Infusion for Preventing Postspinal Anesthesia Hypotension During Cesarean Section.,Fluid loading improves hemodynamic stability and reduces the incidence rate of post-spinal anesthesia hypotension when prophylactic vasopressors are administered. We investigated the impact of different crystalloid coload volumes on the 90% effective dose (ED) of prophylactic norepinephrine infusion for preventing post-spinal anesthesia hypotension in non-hypertensive patients undergoing cesarean section.,"['D006801', 'D002585', 'D007022', 'D009638', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D000077324', 'D000775', 'D011247', 'D007262', 'D004305']"
38943403,Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation on motor function in patients with spinal cord injury: A meta-analysis.,"It has been suggested that transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is effective in the rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the evidence is mainly based on case reports.","['D013119', 'D006801', 'D062187', 'D004561', 'D016032', 'D017063']"
38943296,Retrospective Evaluation of the Effects of Local Anesthesia Before Tooth Extraction Procedures under General Anesthesia on Physiologic Parameters and Postoperative Bleeding in Children.,"Studies have been conducted to evaluate changes in hemodynamics, postoperative bleeding, and pain in pediatric dental patients receiving general anesthesia (GA). However, a limited number of studies have evaluated the effects of local anesthetics (LA) on tooth extraction procedures during GA. There is no consensus in the literature regarding LA application in the perioperative period for dental treatments performed within the scope of GA.","['D006801', 'D014081', 'D012189', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000768', 'D002648', 'D002675', 'D000772', 'D019106', 'D000779', 'D006339']"
38941975,Analgesia for emergency laparotomy: a systematic review.,"Aims/Background Poorly controlled pain is common after emergency laparotomy. It causes distress, hinders rehabilitation, and predisposes to complications: prolonged hospitalisation, persistent pain, and reduced quality of life. The aim of this systematic review was to compare the relative efficacies of pre-emptive analgesia for emergency laparotomy to inform practice. Methods We performed a search of MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science and SCOPUS for comparator studies of preoperative/intraoperative interventions to control/reduce postoperative pain in adults undergoing emergency laparotomy (EL) for general surgical pathologies. Exclusion criteria: surgery including non-abdominal sites; postoperative sedation and/or intubation; non-formal assessment of pain; non-English manuscripts. All manuscripts were screened by two investigators. Results We identified 2389 papers. Following handsearching and removal of duplicates, 1147 were screened. None were eligible for inclusion, with many looking at elective and/or laparoscopic surgeries. Conclusion Our findings indicate there is no evidence base for pre-emptive analgesic strategies in emergency laparotomy. This contrasts substantially with elective cohorts. Potential reasons include variation in practice, management of physiological derangement taking priority, and perceived contraindications to neuraxial techniques. We urge a review of contemporary practice, with analysis of clinical data, to generate expert consensus.","['D006801', 'D007813', 'D010149', 'D000698', 'D059408', 'D004630', 'D000700', 'D000701']"
38941385,Perioperative impact of ultrasound-guided ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve blocks in patients undergoing pelvic fracture surgery.,"Pelvic fractures present a severe and complex clinical challenge. This study aimed to compare ultrasound-guided ilioinguinal (IIN) and iliohypogastric nerve (IHN) blocks with conventional general anesthesia (GA) in patients undergoing internal fixation surgery for pelvic fractures. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 100 patients equally divided into ultrasound-guided and control groups. The study monitored hemodynamics, intraoperative anesthesia drug usage, postoperative pain levels, and the incidence of adverse reactions between the 2 groups. The ultrasound-guided group underwent ultrasound-guided IHN and IIN blocks combined with GA. The ultrasound-guided group exhibited significant advantages for hemodynamic measurements at specific time points, lower consumption of Propofol and Remifentanil, and reduced pain intensity across all evaluated time intervals (P < .05). The incidence rate of adverse reactions was significantly lower in the ultrasound group (P = .016). Ultrasound-guided anesthesia is a superior alternative to conventional GA for managing pelvic fractures through internal fixation surgery. It offers advantages in terms of hemodynamic stability, drug consumption, postoperative pain management, and adverse reaction reduction.","['D006801', 'D009407', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D050723', 'D018084', 'D000328', 'D010384', 'D008875', 'D010149', 'D005593', 'D000768']"
38941366,Hydromorphone combined with ropivacaine for erector spinae plane block in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy: A prospective randomized controlled trial.,Combining hydromorphone with ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane blocks enhances postoperative analgesia and reduces interleukin-6 expression in breast surgery patients.,"['D006801', 'D000077212', 'D005260', 'D004091', 'D008875', 'D009407', 'D010149', 'D011446', 'D000779', 'D001943', 'D015411', 'D000701', 'D000328', 'D015850', 'D064170', 'D018084', 'D004359', 'D010147']"
38941098,Semirecumbent Positioning During Anesthesia Recovery and Postoperative Hypoxemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.,The efficacy of a semirecumbent position (SRP) in reducing postoperative hypoxemia during anesthesia emergence is unclear despite its widespread use.,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000860', 'D011183', 'D056888', 'D000328', 'D000762', 'D000768', 'D002681', 'D010535', 'D016683', 'D000005']"
38939963,A review of prospective studies regarding percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation treatment in the management of chronic pain.,"Conventionally, peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) for treatment of chronic pain has involved a two-stage process: a short-term (e.g., 7 days) trial and, if significant pain relief is achieved, a permanent PNS system is implanted. A percutaneous PNS treatment is now available where a coiled lead may be implanted for up to 60 days with the goal of producing sustained relief. In the present review, published prospective trials using percutaneous PNS treatment were identified and synthesized. The collected evidence indicates that percutaneous PNS treatment for up to 60 days provides durable clinically significant improvements in pain and pain interference. Similar efficacy across diverse targets and etiologies supports the broad applicability for use within the chronic pain population using this nonopioid technology.","['D006801', 'D059350', 'D004561', 'D059408', 'D010525', 'D011446', 'D016896']"
38938434,A novel approach to ear pain in the horse: A case report.,"During electrochemotherapy (ECT), a chemotherapeutic drug is injected into the tumor and then an electroporation is provided. In horses, ear manipulation may be very painful, and combining a loco-regional technique with sedation might be a good option to avoid anesthesia-related risks. A two-injection-point block of the internal and external pinna and acoustic meatus was described in horse cadavers, and it permitted complete stain of all three branches of the great auricular nerve (GAN), internal auricular nerve branch (IAB), lateral auricular branch (LAB), and caudal auricular nerve (CAN), suggesting a lower risk of intra-parotid injection during the IAB and LAB block.","['D006736', 'D000818', 'D006734', 'D008297', 'D053672', 'D010146', 'D000077212', 'D000779', 'D009407']"
38937792,"Is casting of displaced paediatric distal forearm fractures non-inferior to reduction under general anaesthesia? Study protocol for a pragmatic, randomized, controlled non-inferiority multicentre trial (the casting trial).","Treatment of displaced distal forearm fractures in children has traditionally been closed reduction and pin fixation, although they might heal and remodel without surgery with no functional impairment. No randomized controlled trials have been published comparing the patient-reported functional outcome following non-surgical or surgical treatment of displaced paediatric distal forearm fractures.","['D006801', 'D002648', 'D002675', 'D011885', 'D002370', 'D016896', 'D000768', 'D064792', 'D015337', 'D014458', 'D000074099', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D013997', 'D017102', 'D005592', 'D000367', 'D005543', 'D020127', 'D000092503']"
38937119,Effect of dural puncture epidural block technique on fetal heart rate variability during labor analgesia.,To explore the effect of dural puncture epidural (DPE) block technique on fetal heart rate variability (HRV) during labor analgesia.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D006340', 'D015360', 'D016362', 'D000328', 'D007231', 'D001034', 'D010147', 'D004388', 'D007743']"
38935829,A progress of research on the application of fascial plane blocks in surgeries and their future direction: a review article.,"Fascial plane blocks (FPBs) are gaining popularity in clinical settings owing to their improved analgesia when combined with either traditional regional anesthesia or general anesthesia during the perioperative phase. The scope of study on FPBs has substantially increased over the past 20 years, yet the exact mechanism, issues linked to the approaches, and direction of future research on FPBs are still up for debate. Given that it can be performed at all levels of the spine and provides analgesia to most areas of the body, the erector spinae plane block, one of the FPBs, has been extensively studied for chronic rational pain, visceral pain, abdominal surgical analgesia, imaging, and anatomical mechanisms. This has led to the contention that the erector spinae plane block is the ultimate Plan A block. Yet even though the future of FPBs is promising, the unstable effect, the probability of local anesthetic poisoning, and the lack of consensus on the definition and assessment of the FPB's success are still the major concerns. In order to precisely administer FPBs to patients who require analgesia in this condition, an algorithm that uses artificial intelligence is required. This algorithm will assist healthcare professionals in practicing precision medicine.","['D006801', 'D009407', 'D059408', 'D000779', 'D010149', 'D005205']"
38934930,Tension between continuous and deep sedation and assistance in dying: a national survey of intensive care professionals' perceptions.,"The situation in France is unique, having a legal framework for continuous and deep sedation (CDS). However, its use in intensive care units (ICU), combined with the withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies, still raises ethical issues, particularly its potential to hasten death. The legalization of assistance in dying, i.e., assisted suicide or euthanasia at the patient's request, is currently under discussion in France. The objectives of this national survey were first, to assess whether ICU professionals perceive CDS administered to ICU patients as a practice that hastens death, in addition to relieving unbearable suffering, and second, to assess ICU professionals' perceptions of assistance in dying.","['D006801', 'D054810', 'D001291', 'D005602', 'D017236', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D003422', 'D011795', 'D000328', 'D007362', 'D008875', 'D010820', 'D013727', 'D005065', 'D060666', 'D009726']"
38934747,Efficacy for Lidocaine and Articaine in Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block - A Comparative Study.,"Compare the efficacy of 2% lidocaine with adrenaline (1:200,000) and 4% articaine with adrenaline (1:100,000) in inferior alveolar nerve block prior to extraction of bilateral teeth posterior to canine in interval of one week.","['D006801', 'D002355', 'D008012', 'D000779', 'D009407', 'D008340', 'D004837', 'D000328', 'D000766', 'D055815', 'D008297', 'D003791', 'D003782', 'D010147', 'D005260', 'D014081', 'D014662', 'D000293', 'D003481', 'D013997', 'D016896']"
38934202,Artificial intelligence and nonoperating room anesthesia.,"The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in nonoperating room anesthesia (NORA) represents a timely and significant advancement. As the demand for NORA services expands, the application of AI is poised to improve patient selection, perioperative care, and anesthesia delivery. This review examines AI's growing impact on NORA and how it can optimize our clinical practice in the near future.","['D006801', 'D001185', 'D000758', 'D018570', 'D019990', 'D000776', 'D018579']"
38933897,The Effectiveness of Quadratus Lumborum and Fascia Iliaca Blocks on Patient Outcomes in Hip Arthroplasty.,"Hip arthroplasty is a common procedure with high costs and difficult rehabilitation. It causes postoperative pain, and this can reduce mobility which extends in-patient time. An optimal analgesia regime is crucial to identify. Opioids produce effective pain relief but are associated with nausea, vomiting, and respiratory depression which can hinder physiotherapy and discharge. Finding alternatives has been of interest in recent years, particularly fascial blocks. These are anaesthetic injections beneath fascia which spread to nerves providing pain relief from surgery and are used with a general or spinal anaesthetic. Two of these blocks which are of interest to total hip arthroplasty are the quadratus lumborum block and fascia iliaca block. Studies have investigated the effectiveness of these blocks through patient factors, primarily pain scores, opioid consumption, and other secondary outcomes such as ambulation and length of stay. This review takes a narrative approach and investigates the literature around the topic. Pain and opioid consumption were the most widely reported outcomes, reported in 90% and 86% of studies. 83% of these studies reported positive effects on pain scores when FIB was utilised. 80% of these studies reported positive effects on opioid consumption when FIB was used. When QLB block was utilised, pain and opioid consumption were positively impacted in 82% of studies. This paper has been written with the intention of reviewing current literature to give an impression of the effectiveness of the blocks and propose potential areas for future work on the blocks.","['D006801', 'D009407', 'D019644', 'D010149', 'D000009', 'D005205', 'D059408']"
38933430,Identifying opportunities for global surgery in Cameroon: an analysis of existing health policies and events.,"the burden of diseases amenable to surgery, obstetrics, trauma, and anesthesia (SOTA) care is increasing globally but low- and middle-income countries are disproportionately affected. The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery proposed National Surgical, Obstetrics, and Anesthesia Plans as national policies to reduce the global SOTA burden. These plans are dependent on comprehensive stakeholder engagement and health policy analysis. Objective: in this study, we analyzed existing national health policies and events in Cameroon to identify opportunities for SOTA policies.","['D002163', 'D006801', 'D006291', 'D003695', 'D013514', 'D014943', 'D014947', 'D000758', 'D011050']"
38929619,Therapeutic Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Selective Nerve Block on Chronic Cervical Radiculopathy.,"Background and Objectives: Cervical radiculopathy (CR) manifests as pain and sensorimotor disturbances in the upper extremities, often resulting from nerve root compression due to intervertebral disc herniation, degenerative changes, or trauma. While conservative treatments are initially preferred, persistent or severe cases may require surgical intervention. Ultrasound-guided selective nerve root block (SNRB) has emerged as a promising intervention for alleviating symptoms and potentially obviating the need for surgery. This study evaluates the therapeutic efficacy of ultrasound-guided SNRB in managing chronic CR, aiming to determine its potential in symptom relief and delaying or avoiding surgical procedures. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 720 outpatients treated for CR between October 2019 and March 2022. After excluding patients with traumatic CR, previous surgeries, malignancies, progressive neurological symptoms requiring immediate surgery, or inadequate conservative treatment, 92 patients who had experienced cervical radicular pain for more than three months and had failed to improve after more than six weeks of conservative treatment with VAS scores ≥ 5 were included. The patients underwent single or multiple ultrasound-guided SNRB procedures, involving the injection of dexamethasone and lidocaine under real-time ultrasound guidance. Symptom severity was assessed at the baseline, and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-procedure using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The data collected included age, sex, presence of neck and/or radicular pain, physical examination findings, recurrence of symptoms, improvement in symptoms, and whether surgical intervention was ultimately required. Statistical analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with symptom improvement or recurrence. Results: Significant symptom improvement was observed in 69 (75.0%) participants post-SNRB, with 55 (79.7%) showing improvement at 4 weeks, 11 (15.9%) at 8 weeks, and 3 (4.4%) at 12 weeks. Symptom recurrence, defined by an increase in VAS score accompanied by a pain flare lasting at least 24 h after a pain-free interval of at least one month, was noted in 48 (52.2%) patients. The presence of combined neck and radicular pain was a significant predictor of recurrence (p = 0.008). No significant associations were found between symptom relief and factors such as age, gender, initial pain severity, or MRI findings. Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided SNRB effectively manages chronic CR, providing substantial symptom relief and potentially reducing the need for surgical intervention. This technique offers a promising conservative treatment option, especially given its real-time visualization advantages and minimal radiation exposure.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D011843', 'D012189', 'D009407', 'D018084', 'D000328', 'D016896', 'D010147', 'D000368', 'D008012', 'D002908', 'D003907']"
38929610,Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus Reduces Workloads in Labor Analgesia: A Single Center's Experience.,"Background and Objectives: Labor epidural analgesia can be maintained through programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB), continuous epidural infusion (CEI), or patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA). Our department changed from CEI+PCEA to PIEB+PCEA as the maintenance method. The higher hourly dose setting in the current regimen brought to our concern that side effects would increase with proportional staff workloads. This study aimed to investigate the validity of our proposal that PIEB+PCEA may function as a feasible tool in reducing the amount of work in the obstetrics anesthesia units. Materials and methods: This 2-year retrospective review included parturients with vaginal deliveries under epidural analgesia. We compared the staff burden before and after the switch from CEI (6 mL/h, PCEA 6 mL lockout 15 min, group A) to PIEB (8 mL/h, PCEA 8 mL lockout 10 min, group B). The primary outcome was the difference of proportion of parturients requiring unscheduled visits between groups. Side effects and labor and neonatal outcomes were compared. Results: Of the 694 parturients analyzed, the proportion of those requiring unscheduled visits were significantly reduced in group B (20.8% vs. 27.7%, chi-square test, p = 0.033). The multivariate logistic regression showed that PIEB was associated with fewer unscheduled visits than CEI (OR = 0.53, 95% CI [0.36-0.80], p < 0.01). Group B exhibited a significantly lower incidence of asymmetric blockade, as well as motor blockade. In nulliparous subjects, obstetric anal sphincter injury occurred less frequently when PIEB+PCEA was used. Significantly more multiparous women experienced vacuum extraction delivery in group B than in group A, and they had a longer second stage of labor. Conclusions: The PIEB+PCEA protocol in our study reduced workloads in labor epidural analgesia as compared to CEI+PCEA, despite that a higher dose of analgesics was administered. Future studies are warranted to investigate the effect of manipulating the PIEB settings on the labor outcomes.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D000328', 'D012189', 'D015360', 'D016362', 'D016058', 'D016526', 'D007743']"
38929465,"Impact of Intraoperative Nefopam on Postoperative Pain, Opioid Use, and Recovery Quality with Parietal Pain Block in Single-Port Robotic Cholecystectomy: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.","Background and Objectives: This study explored how nefopam, a non-opioid analgesic in a multimodal regimen, impacts postoperative pain, opioid use, and recovery quality in single-port robot-assisted laparoscopic cholecystectomy (RALC) patients with a parietal pain block, addressing challenges in postoperative pain management. Materials and Methods: Forty patients scheduled for elective single-port RALC were enrolled and randomized to receive either nefopam or normal saline intravenously. Parietal pain relief was provided through a rectus sheath block (RSB). Postoperative pain was assessed using a numeric rating scale (NRS) in the right upper quadrant (RUQ) of the abdomen, at the umbilicus, and at the shoulder. Opioid consumption and recovery quality, measured using the QoR-15K questionnaire, were also recorded. Results: The 40 patients had a mean age of 48.3 years and an average body mass index (BMI) of 26.2 kg/m2. There were no significant differences in the pre- or intraoperative variables between groups. Patients receiving nefopam reported significantly lower RUQ pain scores compared to the controls, while the umbilicus and shoulder pain scores were similar. Rescue fentanyl requirements were lower in the nefopam group in both the PACU and ward. The QoR-15K questionnaire scores for nausea and vomiting were better in the nefopam group, but the overall recovery quality scores were comparable between the groups. Conclusions: Nefopam reduces RUQ pain and opioid use post-single-port RALC with a parietal pain block without markedly boosting RSB's effect on umbilicus or shoulder pain. It may also better manage postoperative nausea and vomiting, underscoring its role in analgesia strategies for this surgery.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D010149', 'D011446', 'D009340', 'D000701', 'D065287', 'D000328', 'D017081', 'D009407', 'D059408', 'D010147', 'D018712']"
38928091,Dexmedetomidine as a Short-Use Analgesia for the Immature Nervous System.,"Pain management in neonates continues to be a challenge. Diverse therapies are available that cause loss of pain sensitivity. However, because of side effects, the search for better options remains open. Dexmedetomidine is a promising drug; it has shown high efficacy with a good safety profile in sedation and analgesia in the immature nervous system. Though dexmedetomidine is already in use for pain control in neonates (including premature neonates) and infants as an adjunct to other anesthetics, the question remains whether it affects the neuronal activity patterning that is critical for development of the immature nervous system. In this study, using the neonatal rat as a model, the pharmacodynamic effects of dexmedetomidine on the nervous and cardiorespiratory systems were studied. Our results showed that dexmedetomidine has pronounced analgesic effects in the neonatal rat pups, and also weakly modified both the immature network patterns of cortical and hippocampal activity and the physiology of sleep cycles. Though the respiration and heart rates were slightly reduced after dexmedetomidine administration, it might be considered as the preferential independent short-term therapy for pain management in the immature and developing brain.","['D020927', 'D000818', 'D051381', 'D000831', 'D018712', 'D000698', 'D059408', 'D008297', 'D017207', 'D010146', 'D006339', 'D005260', 'D009420']"
38926770,Volatile vs Total intravenous Anaesthesia for major non-cardiac surgery: a pragmatic randomised triaL (VITAL).,"Improving outcomes after surgery is a major public health research priority for patients, clinicians and the NHS. The greatest burden of perioperative complications, mortality and healthcare costs lies amongst the population of patients aged over 50 years who undergo major non-cardiac surgery. The Volatile vs Total Intravenous Anaesthesia for major non-cardiac surgery (VITAL) trial specifically examines the effect of anaesthetic technique on key patient outcomes: quality of recovery after surgery (quality of recovery after anaesthesia, patient satisfaction and major post-operative complications), survival and patient safety.","['D000368', 'D005260', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D000762', 'D000768', 'D000769', 'D000771', 'D017558', 'D017048', 'D017060', 'D011183', 'D016896']"
38926768,"Dexmedetomidine-ketamine combination versus fentanyl-midazolam for patient sedation during flexible bronchoscopy: a prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial.","Sedation during flexible bronchoscopy (FB) should maintain an adequate respiratory drive, ensure maximum comfort for the patient, and warrant that the objectives of the procedure are achieved. Nevertheless, the optimal sedation method for FB has yet to be established. This study aimed to compare the standard recommended combination of midazolam-fentanyl (MF) with that of dexmedetomidine-ketamine (DK) for patient sedation during FB.","['D006801', 'D020927', 'D001999', 'D005283', 'D008297', 'D008874', 'D007649', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D011446', 'D006993', 'D016037', 'D000368', 'D017060', 'D000328', 'D016292']"
38926726,Effects of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on chronic low back pain: a systematic review.,Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a frequent disease. It is a critical health concern that can influence functional capacity by restricting living activities.,"['D006801', 'D017116', 'D055536', 'D004561', 'D059350', 'D016896', 'D016032', 'D010147']"
38926128,Caesarean section for a primipara with Guillain-Barré syndrome under combined spinal epidural anaesthesia.,"A primigravida in mid 30s presented to hospital at 30+2 weeks gestation, due to progressive neurological symptoms including ascending limb weakness and paraesthesia bilaterally as well as dysphagia, facial weakness and dysphasia.The patient was diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome after physical examination and electromyography, which showed a patchy demyelinating sensorimotor polyneuropathy. The patient underwent a 5-day course of intravenous immunoglobulin, beginning the day after admission. Markers of severity including forced vital capacity improved thereafter until delivery.With limited evidence favouring one particular anaesthetic technique in parturients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, combined spinal epidural anaesthesia was preferred over general anaesthesia in order to avoid the potential for prolonged intubation postoperatively and to allow careful titration of neuraxial blockade. Delivery by caesarean section at 34+1 weeks due to pre-eclampsia was uncomplicated. Thereafter the patient's condition deteriorated, requiring a further 5-day course of intravenous immunoglobulin with symptoms gradually improving over a 6-month admission.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D020275', 'D002585', 'D011247', 'D000767', 'D000328', 'D000775', 'D016756', 'D000773', 'D011248']"
38923750,Urotherapy and biofeedback resistant dysfunctional voiding: How to deal with?,To analyze the management strategies in the children who had treatment-resistant dysfunctional voiding (DV).,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D001676', 'D002648', 'D012189', 'D053201', 'D014555', 'D018680', 'D016896', 'D017773', 'D003131', 'D004561']"
38922151,Role of Diagnostic Nerve Blocks in the Goal-Oriented Treatment of Spasticity with Botulinum Toxin Type A: A Case-Control Study.,"The goal-setting process is pivotal in managing patients with disabling spasticity. This case-control study assessed the role of diagnostic nerve blocks in guiding the goal-setting process within goal-targeted treatment of spasticity with botulinum neurotoxin-A. In this case-control study, patients with disabling spasticity underwent either a goal-setting process based on the patient's needs and clinical evaluation (control group) or additional diagnostic nerve block procedures (case group). All enrolled patients underwent a focal treatment with botulinum neurotoxin-A injection and a 1-month follow-up evaluation during which goal achievement was quantified using the goal attainment scaling-light score system. Data showed a higher goal achievement rate in the case group (70%) than in the control group (40%). In conclusion, diagnostic nerve blocks may help guide the goal-setting process within goal-targeted treatment of spasticity with botulinum neurotoxin-A towards more realistic and achievable goals, thereby improving the outcomes of botulinum neurotoxin-A injection. Future studies should better explore the role of diagnostic nerve blocks to further personalize botulinum neurotoxin-A according to individual patients' preferences and requirements.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D016022', 'D009407', 'D019274', 'D009128', 'D000066530', 'D006040']"
38919963,Comparison of Ciprofol-Based and Propofol-Based Total Intravenous Anesthesia on Microvascular Decompression of Facial Nerve with Neurophysiological Monitoring: A Randomized Non-Inferiority Trial.,"Ciprofol is a recently developed short-acting gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor agonist with a higher potency than that of propofol. As a new sedative drug, there are few clinical studies on ciprofol. We sought to examine the safety and efficacy of ciprofol use for general anesthesia in neurosurgical individuals undergoing neurosurgical surgery with intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM).","['D006801', 'D015742', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D016037', 'D061145', 'D064795', 'D005154', 'D000771', 'D018686', 'D000368', 'D000328']"
38919337,Pain Management for Periacetabular Osteotomy: A Systematic Review.,"Early post-operative pain control is essential to facilitate rapid recovery after orthopaedic surgery. Despite periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) being the gold standard treatment of prearthritic hip dysplasia, there is limited evidence assessing efficacy of early post-operative pain management strategies. Recent literature has focused on non-opioid supplemental treatments such as nerve blocks or local wound infiltration. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess efficacy of these interventions to reduce pain, facilitate mobilization, reduce length of stay after PAO surgery.","['D006801', 'D010027', 'D010149', 'D059408', 'D000077', 'D009407', 'D006617', 'D007902', 'D010147']"
38918712,0.75% ropivacaine may be a suitable drug in pregnant women undergoing urgent cesarean delivery during labor analgesia period.,"3% chloroprocaine (CP) has been reported as the common local anesthetic used in pregnant women undergoing urgent cesarean delivery during labor analgesia period. However, 0.75% ropivacaine is considered a promising and effective alternative. Therefore, we conducted a randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness and safety of 0.75% ropivacaine with 3% chloroprocaine for extended epidural anesthesia in pregnant women.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000077212', 'D011247', 'D004311', 'D002585', 'D000779', 'D000328', 'D016362', 'D011343']"
38918223,Dental treatments in patients with special needs provided by university medical center in Southern Taiwan: a retrospective study.,"We perform special-need dental treatment at outpatient department (OPD), under general anesthesia (GA) when necessary, and provide domiciliary dental care. We aim to evaluate the profile and the characteristics of special needs patients (SNPs).","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D013624', 'D003730', 'D000293', 'D000369', 'D002648', 'D000768', 'D007223', 'D002675', 'D000046']"
38917215,Hybrid operating rooms and the risk of postoperative hypothermia in pregnant women with placenta previa: A retrospective cohort study.,"Births at advanced maternal ages (≥ 35 years) are increasing. This has been associated with a higher incidence of placenta previa, which increases bleeding risk. Hybrid operating rooms, designed to accommodate interventions and cesarean sections, are becoming more prominent because of their dual capabilities and benefits. However, they have been associated with increased postoperative hypothermia in pediatric settings; moreover, this has not been studied in pregnant women with placenta previa.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D007035', 'D012189', 'D009873', 'D000328', 'D011183', 'D002585', 'D012307', 'D010923', 'D000768']"
38917195,Effect of intravenous palonosetron on hypotension induced by spinal anesthesia for cesarean section: A randomized controlled trial.,The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of intravenous palonosetron compared to ondansetron on hypotension induced by spinal anesthesia in women undergoing cesarean section.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000775', 'D002585', 'D000077924', 'D000328', 'D007022', 'D011247', 'D017294', 'D000932', 'D020250', 'D010656', 'D000773']"
38917102,Changes in blood catecholamines during induction of general anesthesia in patients with post-induction hypotension undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A single-center prospective cohort study.,Post-induction hypotension (PIH) often occurs during general anesthesia induction. This study aimed to investigate blood catecholamine levels during induction of general anesthesia in patients with PIH undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.,"['D006801', 'D017081', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000768', 'D008875', 'D011446', 'D007022', 'D000328', 'D002395', 'D001794', 'D000368', 'D009638', 'D004837']"
38915867,Determining the Maximum Tolerable Concentration of Ropivacaine to Maintain Sensation of the Nerve Root in Percutaneous Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Discectomy: Can Epidural Anaesthesia Achieve Pain-Tactile Separation Block to Avoid Nerve Injury?,"Nerve injury is a serious complication of percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal lumbar discectomy due to nerve root contact. The maximum tolerable concentration (MTC) of ropivacaine concentration for epidural anaesthesia, is defined as the concentration that minimises pain while preserving the sensation of the nerve roots. This distinct advantage allows the patient to provide feedback to the surgeon when the nerve roots are contacted.","['D000077212', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D008159', 'D000328', 'D000779', 'D000767', 'D017587', 'D004724', 'D013126', 'D004305', 'D012677', 'D000368']"
38914080,[Regional Anaesthesia in the Prehospital Setting].,"Pain is often the main symptom in trauma patients. Although peripheral nerve blocks (PNB) provide fast, safe, and adequate analgesia, they are currently only rarely used outside the perioperative setting. In Germany, intravenous analgesia with non-opioid analgesics (NOPA) and strong opioids is the main treatment concept for prehospital pain. However, the use of highly potent opioids can be associated with significant side effects, especially in emergency patients. Therefore, PNBs are used in many hospitals for the treatment of perioperative pain. As with perioperative use, the advantages of early PNB in the prehospital analgesic treatment of trauma patients are obvious, especially for elderly and multimorbid patients. Early prehospital PNB can also facilitate the reduction of dislocated fractures or dislocated joints as well as the technical rescue of trauma patients. Common geriatric fractures, such as proximal femur or humerus fractures, can be treated appropriately and adequately with PNB.In this article, we show which PNB procedures can be useful in prehospital patient care and which requirements should be met for their safe use. We also present a concept for assessing whether and to what extent the prehospital use of PNB is indicated and appropriate. The aim of this article is to draw attention to PNB as a possible part of prehospital care concepts for trauma patients and to discuss its prehospital use.","['D006801', 'D004632', 'D000765', 'D005858', 'D009407', 'D059408']"
38912759,Effects of electroacupuncture combined with paliperidone palmitate long-acting injection on withdrawal symptoms and neurotransmitters in methamphetamine addicts.,To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture combined with paliperidone palmitate long-acting injection (PP-LAI) on withdrawal symptoms and neurotransmitters in methamphetamine (MA) addicts.,"['D006801', 'D000068882', 'D013375', 'D008694', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D015671', 'D019969', 'D005260', 'D018377', 'D003131', 'D003692', 'D004298', 'D012701', 'D005680', 'D008875', 'D016896', 'D014150']"
38911034,Esketamine Combined with Dexmedetomidine to reduce Visceral Pain During elective Cesarean Section Under Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia: A double-Blind Randomized Controlled Study.,We aimed to evaluate the effect of intravenous esketamine combined with dexmedetomidine as supplemental analgesia in reducing intraoperative visceral pain during elective cesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA).,"['D006801', 'D020927', 'D007649', 'D004311', 'D002585', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D059265', 'D000775', 'D011247', 'D000767', 'D004359', 'D017558']"
38911029,Intravenous Bolus of Dexmedetomidine for Treatment of Severe Shivering After Caesarean Delivery Under Combined Spinal-Epidural Anaesthesia: A Randomized Dose-Response Study.,Shivering occurs frequently after caesarean delivery. The present study aimed to investigate the ED50 and ED95 of an intravenous (i.v.) bolus of dexmedetomidine for treating severe shivering after caesarean delivery under combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia.,"['D020927', 'D006801', 'D012768', 'D002585', 'D005260', 'D000775', 'D000328', 'D004305', 'D000767', 'D011247', 'D007275', 'D055815']"
38910377,[Effects of tramadol hydrochloride preemptive analgesia in kyphoplasty of thoracolumbar osteoporotic fractures under local anesthesia].,To explore preemptive analgesic effect of preoperative intramural tramadol injection in percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) of vertebrae following local anesthesia.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D014147', 'D008875', 'D058498', 'D013904', 'D058866', 'D008159', 'D000772', 'D000369', 'D000698', 'D010149', 'D016103', 'D000701']"
38910316,A 74-Year-Old Man with Severe Comorbidities and Successful Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair with Thoracic Segmental Spinal Anesthesia: A Case Report.,"BACKGROUND Elderly patients with severe or multiple comorbidities can be at high risk for complications of general anesthesia. This report is of a 74-year-old man with severe comorbidities, including ischemic heart disease (IHD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and successful abdominal aortic aneurysm repair with thoracic segmental spinal anesthesia. CASE REPORT The patient, aged 74, had previously been diagnosed with severe COPD and IHD. He was classified as American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) grade IV, diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) measuring 6 cm in diameter, and had to undergo surgical repair of the aneurysm with the insertion of a synthetic graft. Due to a shortage of beds in the ICU and the desire to avoid the complications associated with general anesthesia, the decision was made to proceed with thoracic spinal regional anesthesia, which is not a customary choice for this type of surgery. Spinal anesthesia was administered at the Th10-11 level, utilizing 8.5 mg of Bupivacaine, 50 mcg of Fentanyl, and 4 mg of Dexason. An epidural catheter was placed at the same level. The surgical procedure lasted 145 min and was successfully completed under regional anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS This report has highlighted that developments in spinal thoracic anesthesia mean that this can be a successful alternative to general anesthesia in high-risk patients, even for major emergency surgery.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D017544', 'D000775', 'D029424', 'D013904']"
38909229,The use of laser photobiomodulation as pre-anesthetic tissue management technique in reducing injection pain in children.,"One of the main goals for pediatric dentists is to offer a painless anesthesia experience. Laser photobiomodulation is among the suggested strategies to decrease injection pain. So, this study aimed to assess the impact of laser photobiomodulation on local anesthesia (LA) injection pain in children and its effect on the efficacy of LA during pulpotomy and SSC procedures.","['D006801', 'D002648', 'D028022', 'D005260', 'D002675', 'D008297', 'D010147', 'D011672', 'D000779', 'D007267', 'D000766', 'D000772', 'D059408', 'D006339']"
38907364,Treatment and nursing care of a patient diagnosed with malignant hyperthermia after general anesthesia: a case report.,"Malignant hyperthermia (MH), characterized by severe myoclonus, pyrexia, tachycardia, hypertension, elevated muscle enzymes, and hypercapnia, often occurs in patients with congenital deformities or genetic disorders. Although the reported incidence rate is as low as 1:5000 to 1:100,000, patients with MH exhibit rapid aggravation and an elevated mortality rate. Thus, MH is associated with substantial perioperative risk. Successful treatment of patients with MH largely depends on early diagnosis and timely effective treatment. This clinical report provides a detailed description of a patient with newly diagnosed MH who developed a rapid rise in body temperature, end-tidal carbon dioxide, and heart rate during maxillary osteotomy. After successful rescue, the patient recovered smoothly during the postoperative period, indicating the importance of intraoperative monitoring, early diagnosis, effective treatment, and postoperative monitoring. This case is expected to serve as a reference for future interventions and healthcare practices in managing other patients with MH.","['D006801', 'D008305', 'D000768', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D010027']"
38905399,"Effects of video-assisted preanesthetic patient education on preanesthetic interview time; A prospective, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial.","A preanesthetic evaluation interview with an anesthesiologist is essential for patient safety, however, it is not performed adequately owing to the excessive workload of doctors. This study aimed to determine whether video-assisted preanesthetic patient education can reduce patient interview time and solve the problem of excessive labor at a relatively low cost.","['D006801', 'D008875', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D010353', 'D011446', 'D016037', 'D017060', 'D000768', 'D000368', 'D014741', 'D011300', 'D013997', 'D001007', 'D055815', 'D007407', 'D017558']"
38905165,Functional Outcomes of Therapeutic Selective Nerve Root Block for Single-Segment Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Retrospective Study.,"BACKGROUND Functional evaluation after therapeutic selective nerve root block (SNRB) has been rarely reported. We explored functional outcomes of SNRB for single-segment lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). MATERIAL AND METHODS Data for 117 patients with single-segment LSS who underwent single therapeutic SNRB were retrospectively collected between January 2019 and December 2021. Functional outcomes were assessed using Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores preoperatively, and 3 days, and 3, 6, and 12 months after SNRB, which were compared in subgroups stratified by age, sex, BMI, sedentary time, hypertension, diabetes, affected side, pathology level, intervertebral disk. Correlation between ODI and JOA was analyzed using univariate linear regression analysis. RESULTS Clinical symptoms of LSS significantly improved within 12 months after SNRB, especially at 6 months (P<0.05). ODI scores in each subgroup gradually decreased within 6 months after SNRB, and JOA scores gradually increased. Most subgroup analyses revealed significantly increased ODI scores and decreased JOA scores at 12 months after SNRB, compared with 6-month scores (P<0.05). Notably, ODI and JOA scores at 12 months after SNRB were not significantly different than those before SNRB in patients with BMI >25 or sedentary time >8 h (P>0.05). A significant correlation existed between ODI and JOA scores (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Therapeutic SNRB was an effective treatment for alleviating LSS within at least 6 months. Changing sedentary habits with appropriate exercise and controlling weight with a healthy diet can improve the effectiveness of SNRB, especially in patients for whom conservative treatment is ineffective and who are unsuitable for surgical treatment.","['D006801', 'D013130', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D008875', 'D008159', 'D000368', 'D009407', 'D016896', 'D013126', 'D004185']"
38904559,[Oral sedation in pediatric outpatient dentistry].,Was to improve the quality of treatment in pediatric outpatient dentistry with the effective use of oral sedation.,"['D006801', 'D002648', 'D002675', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000766', 'D016292', 'D008874', 'D019140', 'D006993', 'D000553', 'D010045']"
38904235,Laparoscopic Gastrectomy Using External Oblique Intercostal Block Versus Wound Infiltration: A Trial Protocol.,"A novel external oblique intercostal block (EOIB) might have analgesic effects on T6-10 and be indicated for laparoscopic gastrectomy. However, EOIB effects on postoperative pain are unknown. We aim to generate evidence to support such EOIB application. We will compare the efficacy of EOIB and wound infiltration (WI) in a single-center, single-blind, randomized controlled trial.","['D006801', 'D010535', 'D009407', 'D005743', 'D000077554', 'D010149', 'D016037', 'D000779', 'D007367', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D016032', 'D016896']"
38903925,"Comparison emergence of sedation, using dexmedetomidine and remimazolam, in spinal anaesthesia - double blinded randomized controlled trial.","Background: Continuous intravenous infusion of remimazolam may be suitable for sedation in patients undergoing regional anaesthesia. However, there have been no studies comparing remimazolam and dexmedetomidine for this purpose. This study compared emergence from sedation between dexmedetomidine and remimazolam following continuous intravenous infusion in patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia. Methods: This double-blinded, randomised controlled trial assessed the sedative effects of dexmedetomidine and remimazolam. Following spinal anaesthesia, patients were sedated using continuous intravenous infusion of either dexmedetomidine (D group) or remimazolam (R group).The D group received dexmedetomidine administered at 6 mL/kg/h (6 µg/kg/h) for 10 minutes, followed by 1 mL/kg/h (1 µg/kg/h). The R group received remimazolam administered at 6 mL/kg/h (6 mg/kg/h) for 10 minutes, followed by 1 mL/kg/h (1 mg/kg/h). Sedation levels were evaluated using the Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (MOAA/S) scale. The time to reach MOAA/S ≤ 3 from the start of drug infusion and the time to reach MOAA/S = 5 from the end of infusion were recorded. Hemodynamic parameters and respiratory rate were also monitored. Results: The R group reached MOAA/S ≤ 3 significantly faster than the D group during induction of sedation (4 ± 1 minutes and 11 ± 3 minutes, respectively, p < 0.001). The R group also reached MOAA/S = 5 significantly faster than the D group during emergence from sedation (11 ± 3 minutes and 16 ± 5 minutes, respectively, p < 0.001). Both groups maintained stable hemodynamic parameters and respiratory rate without any significant differences, although the mean heart rate was significantly lower in the D group than in the R group after the start of infusion. Conclusion: Remimazolam demonstrated significantly faster induction of and emergence from sedation compared to dexmedetomidine, with no significant differences in haemodynamics or respiratory depression.","['D006801', 'D020927', 'D000775', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D006993', 'D008875', 'D004311', 'D007262', 'D001569', 'D000762', 'D006439', 'D016292']"
38901856,Viscoelastic testing guided coagulation management in factor VII deficiency for spinal anaesthesia and caesarean section.,"The risks and benefits of spinal anaesthesia must be assessed in patients with coagulation disorders. A woman in her 20s with congenital factor VII (FVII) deficiency (31%) was admitted at 38 weeks for caesarean delivery. A rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) analysis showed normal coagulation and spinal anaesthesia was performed safely. A repeated ROTEM analysis after haemostasis and uterine closure showed normal coagulation without fibrinolysis. No prophylactic FVII was administered, resulting in a cost savings of US$12 884. FVII level did not predict bleeding or fibrinolysis and FVII and tranexamic acid were not indicated.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D002585', 'D000775', 'D013916', 'D011247', 'D005168', 'D000773', 'D000328', 'D011250']"
38899653,Prospective Pilot Study: Tolerability of Outpatient Penile Plication Under Nursing-Administered Conscious Sedation vs Anesthesiologist-Administered Deep Sedation.,"Penile plication is commonly performed for Peyronie's disease under general or spinal anesthesia. Conscious sedation (CS) offers decreased anesthetic risks, cost-effectiveness, and the ability to perform the procedure in outpatient settings with shorter wait times. We sought to compare tolerability of penile plication under deep intravenous sedation (DIS) administered by anesthesiologists and nursing-administered CS (NACS).","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D011446', 'D010865', 'D008875', 'D016292', 'D000556', 'D054810', 'D010411', 'D000368', 'D000072080', 'D000328', 'D015742', 'D008874', 'D010413', 'D005283']"
38898758,[Use of transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TENS) in chronic pain].,"The management of chronic pain is based on a biopsychosocial approach including pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies such as Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS). The effectiveness of TENS has been debated for over 50 years. While it provides symptomatic pain relief through physiological neuromodulation mechanisms, irrespective of the type of pain, there is no solid proof that it has curative effects specific to a pathology. There are no robust predictors of response to TENS depending on the type of pain, but reinforcing self-management skills in patients who benefit from it through an educational measure is a guarantee of satisfaction and retention.","['D006801', 'D004561', 'D059350', 'D059408']"
38898522,"Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation to acutely reduce emotional vulnerability and improve emotional regulation in borderline personality disorder (tVNS-BPD): study protocol for a randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled trial.","Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is considered a disorder of emotion regulation resulting from the expression of a biologically determined emotional vulnerability (that is, heightened sensitivity to emotion, increased emotional intensity/reactivity, and a slow return to emotional baseline) combined with exposure to invalidating environments. Vagal tone has been associated with activity in cortical regions involved in emotion regulation and a lower resting state of vagal tone has been observed in BPD patients relative to healthy controls. Non-invasive transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has been shown to reduce temper outbursts in adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome, to enhance recognition of emotions in healthy students, and to improve depressive and anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, a single session of taVNS has been shown to acutely alter the recognition of facial expressions of negative valence in adolescents with MDD and increase emotion recognition in controls. However, the effect of taVNS on emotional vulnerability and regulation in individuals diagnosed with BPD has not been investigated. Our aims are to determine if taVNS is effective in acutely reducing emotional vulnerability and improve emotional regulation in BPD patients.","['D006801', 'D001883', 'D055536', 'D000080103', 'D016037', 'D000328', 'D016032', 'D004644', 'D004561', 'D055815', 'D005260', 'D016896', 'D008297', 'D000293', 'D013997', 'D014630', 'D008875']"
38897803,Effect of electroacupuncture on expression of protein phosphorylation in hippocampus tissues of rats with chronic fatigue syndrome.,"To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on behavior and hippocampal protein phosphorylation in rats with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of CFS.","['D000818', 'D015671', 'D008297', 'D051381', 'D006624', 'D015673', 'D017207', 'D010766', 'D006801', 'D015669', 'D004195']"
38897801,Effect of electroacupuncture intervention on angiogenesis in psoriasis mice.,"To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation of ""Zusanli""(ST36) and""Xuehai""(SP10) on the angiogenesis of the local injured skin tissue in mice with psoriasis, so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of psoriasis-induced skin lesions.","['D000818', 'D015671', 'D011565', 'D051379', 'D005260', 'D008807', 'D006801', 'D042461', 'D012867', 'D009389', 'D004195', 'D015669', 'D019408', 'D000096482']"
38897800,Mechanism of electroacupuncture in treating uterine endometrial fibrosis in intrauterine adhesions rats based on Wnt/β-catenin pathway-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition.,"To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins in rats with intrauterine adhesions (IUA), so as to explore the possible mechanisms of EA in repairing endometrial damage in IUA.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D015671', 'D017207', 'D051381', 'D058750', 'D060449', 'D006801', 'D051176', 'D004717', 'D005355', 'D000267', 'D014591', 'D015820', 'D015669', 'D014599']"
38897799,Effect of electroacupuncture on myocardial transient receptor potential channels in mice with myocardial hypertrophy.,"To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at ""Neiguan""(PC6) on cardiac function, cardiac morphology and transient receptor potential channel (TRPC) protein expressions in myocardial tissue of mice with myocardial hypertrophy, so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of myocardial hypertrophy.","['D000818', 'D015671', 'D051379', 'D008810', 'D008297', 'D006801', 'D009206', 'D050051', 'D006332', 'D015669', 'D050052']"
38896879,Efficacy of adding infiltration between the popliteal artery and the capsule of the posterior knee (IPACK) to adductor canal block and local infiltration analgesia in total knee arthroplasty: A retrospective cohort study.,"Local infiltration analgesia (LIA), adductor canal block (ACB), and infiltration between the popliteal artery and the capsule of the posterior knee (IPACK) are popular multimodal analgesia techniques used during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study aimed to explore the efficacy of adding the IPACK technique to ACB and LIA in patients undergoing TKA.","['D006801', 'D012189', 'D019645', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D011150', 'D009407', 'D010149', 'D008875', 'D000701', 'D009020', 'D000779', 'D010147', 'D000772', 'D000698', 'D059408']"
38896330,Trans rectus sheath extra-peritoneal procedure (TREPP) for inguinal hernia repair under local anesthesia with sedation in the outpatient clinic: a feasibility study.,"The Trans Rectus Sheath Extra-Peritoneal Procedure (TREPP) is an open procedure in which the mesh is placed in the preperitoneal space and is therefore associated with less chronic post-operative inguinal pain. TREPP is primarily performed under general or spinal anesthesia, however, it is also possible to perform under sedation and local anesthesia with potentially advantages. This retrospective feasibility pilot study investigates the safety and efficiency of TREPP under local anesthesia in the outpatient clinic in comparison with Lichtenstein.","['D006801', 'D006552', 'D005240', 'D000772', 'D008297', 'D059685', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D010865', 'D012189', 'D000368', 'D013526', 'D000556', 'D000328', 'D061646', 'D017568', 'D016896', 'D016292', 'D000554']"
38894486,Investigation of Appropriate Scaling of Networks and Images for Convolutional Neural Network-Based Nerve Detection in Ultrasound-Guided Nerve Blocks.,"Ultrasound imaging is an essential tool in anesthesiology, particularly for ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve blocks (US-PNBs). However, challenges such as speckle noise, acoustic shadows, and variability in nerve appearance complicate the accurate localization of nerve tissues. To address this issue, this study introduces a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN), specifically Scaled-YOLOv4, and investigates an appropriate network model and input image scaling for nerve detection on ultrasound images. Utilizing two datasets, a public dataset and an original dataset, we evaluated the effects of model scale and input image size on detection performance. Our findings reveal that smaller input images and larger model scales significantly improve detection accuracy. The optimal configuration of model size and input image size not only achieved high detection accuracy but also demonstrated real-time processing capabilities.","['D009407', 'D016571', 'D006801', 'D014463', 'D007091', 'D010525', 'D018084']"
38892456,Cannabinoid Analgesia in Postoperative Pain Management: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Reality.,"Postoperative pain (POP) is a challenging clinical phenomenon that affects the majority of surgical patients and demands effective management to mitigate adverse outcomes such as persistent pain. The primary goal of POP management is to alleviate suffering and facilitate a seamless return to normal function for the patient. Despite compelling evidence of its drawbacks, opioid analgesia remains the basis of POP treatment. Novel therapeutic approaches rely on multimodal analgesia, integrating different pharmacological strategies to optimize efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. The recognition of the imperative role of the endocannabinoid system in pain regulation has prompted the investigation of cannabinoid compounds as a new therapeutic avenue. Cannabinoids may serve as adjuvants, enhancing the analgesic effects of other drugs and potentially replacing or at least reducing the dependence on other long-term analgesics in pain management. This narrative review succinctly summarizes pertinent information on the molecular mechanisms, clinical therapeutic benefits, and considerations associated with the plausible use of various cannabinoid compounds in treating POP. According to the available evidence, cannabinoid compounds modulate specific molecular mechanisms intimately involved in POP. However, only two of the eleven clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of different cannabinoid interventions showed positive results.","['D006801', 'D010149', 'D002186', 'D059408', 'D000698', 'D000818', 'D000700', 'D063388']"
38890655,"Comparison of perineural and systemic dexamethasone use in impacted third molar surgeries in terms of anesthesia duration and postoperative complaints: a controlled, randomized observational study.","Surgical extraction of impacted third molars (ITM) often leads to postoperative discomfort including pain, swelling, and limited function. Steroids like dexamethasone (DXN) are commonly used in oral surgery to manage pain and inflammation. Various administration routes for DXN exist, including intravenous (IV), perineural (PN), and oral applications, each with its advantages. Previous studies have shown that adding DXN to local anesthetics can prolong anesthesia duration and reduce postoperative sequelae. However, comparative studies on IV and PN applications with inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) of DXN in ITM surgeries are limited.","['D006801', 'D008964', 'D003907', 'D014095', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D010149', 'D014081', 'D009407', 'D000328', 'D000766', 'D000779', 'D055815', 'D010147', 'D008340', 'D002355', 'D013997', 'D004487']"
38890405,Isoflurane anesthesia and sleep deprivation trigger delayed and selective sleep alterations.,"Isoflurane anesthesia (IA) partially compensates NREM sleep (NREMS) and not REM sleep (REMS) requirement, eliciting post-anesthetic REMS rebound. Sleep deprivation triggers compensatory NREMS rebounds and REMS rebounds during recovery sleep as a result of the body's homeostatic mechanisms. A combination of sleep deprivation and isoflurane anesthesia is common in clinical settings, especially prior to surgeries. This study investigates the effects of pre-anesthetic sleep deprivation on post-anesthetic sleep-wake architecture. The effects of isoflurane exposure (90 min) alone were compared with the effects of isoflurane exposure preceded by experimental sleep deprivation (6 h, gentle handling) on recovery sleep in adult mice by studying the architecture of post-anesthetic sleep for 3 consecutive post-anesthetic days. Effects of isoflurane anesthesia on recovery sleep developed only during the first dark period after anesthesia, the active phase in mice. During this time, mice irrespective of preceding sleep pressure, showed NREMS and REMS rebound and decreased wakefulness during recovery sleep. Additionally, sleep deprivation prior to isoflurane treatment caused a persistent reduction of theta power during post-anesthetic REMS at least for 3 post-anesthetic days. We showed that isoflurane causes NREMS rebound during recovery sleep which suggests that isoflurane may not fully compensate for natural NREMS. The study also reveals that isoflurane exposure preceded by sleep deprivation caused a persistent disruption of REMS quality. We suggest that preoperative sleep deprivation may impair postoperative recovery through lasting disruption in sleep quality.","['D007530', 'D000818', 'D012892', 'D051379', 'D008297', 'D018685', 'D012895', 'D014851', 'D008810', 'D004569', 'D012890', 'D000758']"
38887243,Comparison of regional vs. general anesthesia on the risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,Dementia is a gradual and ongoing cognitive decline due to damage to nerve cells in the brain. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the potential relationship between regional anesthesia (RA) and the risk of dementia.,"['D006801', 'D000768', 'D003704', 'D000765', 'D012307', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D005260']"
38885997,Rheumatoid pleurisy confirmed by biopsy of a chest wall nodule by thoracoscopy under local anaesthesia.,"Rheumatoid pleurisy is common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, but distinguishing it from other diseases, such as heart failure and tuberculous pleurisy, is often difficult. A man in his 70s with stable rheumatoid arthritis presented with cardiac enlargement and bilateral pleural effusion on chest radiography. Pleural fluid studies showed lymphocytosis, adenosine deaminase level of 51.6 U/L and rheumatoid factor level of 2245.3 IU/mL, suggestive of rheumatoid pleurisy and tuberculous pleurisy. Thoracoscopy under local anaesthesia revealed erythema of the parietal pleura, small papillary projections and fibrin deposits. H&E-stained biopsy specimens showed inflammatory granulomas with strong lymphocytic infiltration and non-caseating granulomas. He was diagnosed with rheumatoid pleurisy. His symptoms improved with 30 mg of prednisolone. This study highlights that biopsy using thoracoscopy under local anaesthesia effectively diagnoses rheumatoid pleurisy, which may be challenging to diagnose.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D013906', 'D000772', 'D010998', 'D000368', 'D001706', 'D035441', 'D003937', 'D001172', 'D011239', 'D010994']"
38885399,Volatile Anesthetic Use Versus Total Intravenous Anesthesia for Patients Undergoing Heart Valve Surgery: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.,"Many studies have suggested that volatile anesthetic use may improve postoperative outcomes after cardiac surgery compared to total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) owing to its potential cardioprotective effect. However, the results were inconclusive, and few studies have included patients undergoing heart valve surgery.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000771', 'D000368', 'D018685', 'D056910', 'D006351', 'D000328', 'D006348', 'D016896', 'D012189', 'D016208', 'D012307', 'D011183', 'D000769', 'D013997']"
38885397,"Pediatric Intraoperative Electromyographic Responses at the Adductor Pollicis and Flexor Hallucis Brevis Muscles: A Prospective, Comparative Analysis.","Peripheral nerve stimulation with a train-of-four (TOF) pattern can be used intraoperatively to evaluate the depth of neuromuscular block and confirm recovery from neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs). Quantitative monitoring can be challenging in infants and children due to patient size, equipment technology, and limited access to monitoring sites. Although the adductor pollicis muscle is the preferred site of monitoring, the foot is an alternative when the hands are unavailable. However, there is little information on comparative evoked neuromuscular responses at those 2 sites.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D004576', 'D011446', 'D002675', 'D018482', 'D002648', 'D019148', 'D007223', 'D005528', 'D004558', 'D014459', 'D006225', 'D009466', 'D061886', 'D013979']"
38885096,Interleaved Multi-Contact Peripheral Nerve Stimulation to Enhance Reproduction of Tactile Sensation: A Computational Modeling Study.,"Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) is an effective means to elicit sensation for rehabilitation of people with loss of a limb or limb function. While most current PNS paradigms deliver current through single electrode contacts to elicit each tactile percept, multi-contact extraneural electrodes offer the opportunity to deliver PNS with groups of contacts individually or simultaneously. Multi-contact PNS strategies could be advantageous in developing biomimetic PNS paradigms to recreate the natural neural activity during touch, because they may be able to selectively recruit multiple distinct neural populations. We used computational models and optimization approaches to develop a novel biomimetic PNS paradigm that uses interleaved multi-contact (IMC) PNS to approximate the critical neural coding properties underlying touch. The IMC paradigm combines field shaping, in which two contacts are active simultaneously, with pulse-by-pulse contact and parameter variations throughout the touch stimulus. We show in simulation that IMC PNS results in better neural code mimicry than single contact PNS created with the same optimization techniques, and that field steering via two-contact IMC PNS results in better neural code mimicry than one-contact IMC PNS. We also show that IMC PNS results in better neural code mimicry than existing PNS paradigms, including prior biomimetic PNS. Future clinical studies will determine if the IMC paradigm can improve the naturalness and usefulness of sensory feedback for those with neurological disorders.","['D006801', 'D003198', 'D014110', 'D010525', 'D008959', 'D032701', 'D000465', 'D004566', 'D004561', 'D055698']"
38884008,Anesthetized animal experiments for neuroscience research.,"Brain research has progressed with anesthetized animal experiments for a long time. Recent progress in research techniques allows us to measure neuronal activity in awake animals combined with behavioral tasks. The trends became more prominent in the last decade. This new research style triggers the paradigm shift in the research of brain science, and new insights into brain function have been revealed. It is reasonable to consider that awake animal experiments are more ideal for understanding naturalistic brain function than anesthetized ones. However, the anesthetized animal experiment still has advantages in some experiments. To take advantage of the anesthetized animal experiments, it is important to understand the mechanism of anesthesia and carefully handle the obtained data. In this minireview, we will shortly summarize the molecular mechanism of anesthesia in animal experiments, a recent understanding of the neuronal activities in a sensory system in the anesthetized animal brain, and consider the advantages and disadvantages of the anesthetized and awake animal experiments. This discussion will help us to use both research conditions in the proper manner.","['D000818', 'D009488', 'D000758', 'D032761', 'D001921', 'D014851']"
38882043,Effects of Ultrasound-Guided Thoracic Paravertebral Nerve Block Combined with Perineural or IV Dexmedetomidine on Acute and Chronic Pain After Thoracoscopic Resection of Lung Lesions: A Double-Blind Randomized Trial.,Thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) analgesia can be prolonged by local anesthetic adjuvants such as dexmedetomidine. This study aimed to evaluate the two administration routes of dexmedetomidine on acute pain and chronic neuropathic pain (NeuP) prevention compared with no dexmedetomidine.,"['D006801', 'D020927', 'D004311', 'D008297', 'D009407', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D059350', 'D059787', 'D010149', 'D000368', 'D018084', 'D013906', 'D008175', 'D000328', 'D061605']"
38879477,A comparative study of microbial changes in dental plaque before and after single- and multiappointment treatments in patients with severe early childhood caries.,"The status of dental caries is closely related to changes in the oral microbiome. In this study, we compared the diversity and structure of the dental plaque microbiome in children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) before and after general anaesthesia and outpatient treatment.","['D006801', 'D003773', 'D003731', 'D002675', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D064307', 'D000768', 'D012336']"
38879264,A simple system change to reduce delays in emergency calls for assistance during anaesthesia in the operating theatre.,"Promptly calling for assistance in an anaesthetic emergency is important. However, emergency call systems are not present in all locations where anaesthesia is administered, and in those that do have an emergency call system, the call button is often obscured by other equipment or in an unfamiliar location. Placing a red stripe from the ceiling, down the wall, to the emergency call button significantly reduces delays in activating an emergency call, demonstrating a simple but effective system change to the layout of operating theatres.","['D009873', 'D006801', 'D000758', 'D004631', 'D013997', 'D004632']"
38876616,"Efficacy of wet cupping in the pain management of cervical spondylosis - A randomized, controlled, open -label, parallel-group clinical trial.","Cervical spondylosis is a chronic degenerative process of the cervical spine characterized by pain in neck, degenerative changes in intervertebral disc and osteophyte formation. Cervical spondylosis is translated as Waja' ur Raqaba, a type of joint pain. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of wet cupping in the pain management of cervical spondylosis.","['D006801', 'D055009', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D019547', 'D016059', 'D000079742', 'D010147', 'D004561', 'D059408', 'D002574']"
38875429,Electroacupuncture for oculomotor nerve palsy after chemotherapy: A case report.,"Oculomotor nerve palsy (ONP) is often discovered in the ophthalmology department, manifested as ptosis with the same side, eyeball in the fixed external booth, or accompanied by limited inward, upward, and downward movements. The present case report described the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on a breast cancer patient with ONP after chemotherapy.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D015671', 'D015840', 'D001943', 'D001763', 'D000970']"
38875369,Clinical efficacy of scalp electroacupuncture combined with rehabilitation training for aphasia after head injury and its effect on patients' language function and quality of life: An observational study.,"To explore the clinical efficacy of scalp electroacupuncture combined with rehabilitation training for aphasia after head injury, and analyze its effect on patients' language function and quality of life. Our hospital randomly enrolled 100 aphasia patients caused by head injury treated from March 2020 to March 2022 as the experimental object and divided them into the control group and experimental group, with 50 cases in each group. The general rehabilitation training was performed to the control group and the scalp electroacupuncture combined with rehabilitation training was performed to the experimental group to compare their mini-mental state examination scores, communicative activities in daily living scores, aphasia battery of Chinese scores, quality of life scores, mental status scale in nonpsychiatric settings scores, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores, effective rates, satisfaction of patients, and adverse reaction rates. In the between-group comparison, the patients in the experimental group had significantly higher mini-mental state examination scores, communicative activities in daily living scores, aphasia battery of Chinese scores, quality of life scores, effective rates, and satisfaction, and significantly lower mental status scale in nonpsychiatric settings scores, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores and adverse reaction rates, which was statistically significant (P < .05 in all cases). The combination treatment of scalp electroacupuncture and rehabilitation training can effectively improve the language function and quality of life of patients with aphasia after head injury and remarkably enhance the treatment effect.","['D006801', 'D011788', 'D015671', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D001037', 'D000328', 'D006259', 'D016896', 'D012535', 'D000368', 'D003131', 'D007802', 'D000203']"
38875365,Comparison of supraclavicular block with infraclavicular block for distal arm surgeries: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies.,"Supraclavicular and infraclavicular nerve block are commonly used for the analgesia of distal arm surgeries, and this meta-analysis aims to compare their analgesic efficacy for distal arm surgeries.","['D006801', 'D016032', 'D001132', 'D010149', 'D065527', 'D009407']"
38875248,Effect of tetanic stimulation prior to train-of-four monitoring on the time to muscle response stabilization with neuromuscular blockade with rocuronium in patients aged 60 to 80 years: A prospective randomized controlled trial.,"To determine the effect of tetanic stimulation on the time to achieve stabilization of the T1 height, by acceleromyography train-of-four (TOF) ratio monitoring, in patients aged 60 to 80 years.","['D006801', 'D000077123', 'D019148', 'D000368', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000369', 'D011446', 'D008875', 'D016037', 'D003473', 'D004558', 'D000768', 'D061886']"
38875204,TILETAMINE-ZOLAZEPAM-XYLAZINE ANESTHESIA IN EX SITU BLACK-HANDED SPIDER MONKEYS (ATELES GEOFFROYI SSP.).,"Black-handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi ssp.) are endangered in Mexico. Safe anesthetic protocols are important for in situ and ex situ conservation problems. Such protocols are scarce in the literature; nor have safety and physiologic responses been reported. High doses and volume are a counter side for field immobilizations. We tested an anesthetic protocol with a combination of tiletamine-zolazepam (5 mg/kg) plus xylazine (1 mg/kg) in 14 black-handed spider monkeys under human care from two facilities in Mexico. Physiological parameters such as HR, RR, T, SPO2, systolic arterial pressure (), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), and median arterial pressure (MAP) were obtained. HR and RR decreased over time, but T increased significantly during the anesthetic time for the whole group; RR and T decreased for juveniles only. Variation between individuals was observed for HR, RR, and DAP. Volume reduction of drugs was achieved compared to previously reported anesthesia protocols. Induction time was fast (6.2 ± 10.4 min) and no tail prehension was seen. Recovery was prolonged (mean and SD). Physiologic parameters remained stable throughout. The protocol proved to be safe for the chemical immobilization of black-handed spider monkeys.","['D000818', 'D013992', 'D015041', 'D014991', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000080583', 'D004338', 'D000758', 'D006993', 'D000777', 'D019162']"
38956203,Microenvironment M1/M2 macrophages and tumoral progression vary within C57BL/6 mice from same substrain in prostate cancer model.,"Cancer mice models are critical for immune-oncology research; they provide conditions to explore tumor immunoenviroment aiming to advance knowledge and treatment development. Often, research groups breed their own mice colonies. To assess the effect of C57BL/6 mice breeding nuclei in prostate cancer development and intratumoral macrophage populations, an isotransplantation experiment was performed. C57BL/6J mice from two breeding nuclei (nA and nB) were employed for prostate adenocarcinoma TRAMP-C1 cell implantation; tumor growth period and intratumoral macrophage profile were measured. BL/6nB mice (54%) showed tumor implantation after 69-day growth period while BL/6nA implantation reached 100% across tumor growth period (28 days). No difference in total macrophage populations was observed between groups within several tumoral regions; significantly higher M2 macrophage profile was observed in tumor microenvironments from both mice groups. Nevertheless, BL/6nB tumors showed around twice the population of M1 profile (11-27%) than BL6nA (4-15%) and less non-polarized macrophages. The M1:M2 average ratio was 1:8 for group A and 1:4 for B. Our results demonstrate different tumor progression and intratumoral macrophage populations among mice from the same substrain. Data obtained in this study shows the relevance of animal source renewal for better control of murine cancer model variables.","['D000818', 'D011471', 'D008297', 'D059016', 'D008810', 'D051379', 'D008264', 'D018450', 'D004195', 'D045744']"
38956077,Epidemiological exploration of fleas and molecular identification of flea-borne viruses in Egyptian small ruminants.,"The study aimed to investigate molecularly the presence of flea-borne viruses in infested small ruminants with fleas. It was carried out in Egypt's Northern West Coast (NWC) and South Sinai Governorate (SSG). Three specific primers were used targeting genes, ORF103 (for Capripoxvirus and Lumpy skin disease virus), NS3 (for Bluetongue virus), and Rdrp (for Coronavirus), followed by gene sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. The results revealed that 78.94% of sheep and 65.63% of goats were infested in the NWC area, whereas 49.76% of sheep and 77.8% of goats were infested in the SSG region. Sheep were preferable hosts for flea infestations (58.9%) to goats (41.1%) in the two studied areas. Sex and age of the animals had no effects on the infestation rate (p > 0.05). The season and site of infestation on animals were significantly different between the two areas (p < 0.05). Ctenocephalides felis predominated in NWC and Ctenocephalides canis in SSG, and males of both flea species were more prevalent than females. Molecular analysis of flea DNA revealed the presence of Capripoxvirus in all tested samples, while other viral infections were absent. Gene sequencing identified three isolates as sheeppox viruses, and one as goatpox virus. The findings suggest that Capripoxvirus is adapted to fleas and may be transmitted to animals through infestation. This underscores the need for ongoing surveillance of other pathogens in different regions of Egypt.","['D000818', 'D004534', 'D012756', 'D010802', 'D005423', 'D006041', 'D018151', 'D058267', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012757', 'D015511']"
38956062,Single dose of intravenous miR199a-5p delivery targeting ischemic heart for long-term repair of myocardial infarction.,"Long-term treatment of myocardial infarction is challenging despite medical advances. Tissue engineering shows promise for MI repair, but implantation complexity and uncertain outcomes pose obstacles. microRNAs regulate genes involved in apoptosis, angiogenesis, and myocardial contraction, making them valuable for long-term repair. In this study, we find downregulated miR-199a-5p expression in MI. Intramyocardial injection of miR-199a-5p into the infarcted region of male rats revealed its dual protective effects on the heart. Specifically, miR-199a-5p targets AGTR1, diminishing early oxidative damage post-myocardial infarction, and MARK4, which influences long-term myocardial contractility and enhances cardiac function. To deliver miR-199a-5p efficiently and specifically to ischemic myocardial tissue, we use CSTSMLKAC peptide to construct P-MSN/miR199a-5p nanoparticles. Intravenous administration of these nanoparticles reduces myocardial injury and protects cardiac function. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of P-MSN/miR199a-5p nanoparticles in repairing MI through enhanced contraction and anti-apoptosis. miR199a-5p holds significant therapeutic potential for long-term repair of myocardial infarction.","['D035683', 'D000818', 'D009203', 'D008297', 'D051381', 'D053758', 'D017207', 'D017209', 'D009206', 'D004195', 'D009200', 'D061605', 'D017202']"
38955421,Tethered IL15-IL15Rα augments antitumor activity of CD19 CAR-T cells but displays long-term toxicity in an immunocompetent lymphoma mouse model.,"Adoptive cell therapy using genetically modified T cells to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-T) has shown encouraging results, particularly in certain blood cancers. Nevertheless, over 40% of B cell malignancy patients experience a relapse after CAR-T therapy, likely due to inadequate persistence of the modified T cells in the body. IL15, known for its pro-survival and proliferative properties, has been suggested for incorporation into the fourth generation of CAR-T cells to enhance their persistence. However, the potential systemic toxicity associated with this cytokine warrants further evaluation.","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D018941', 'D019409', 'D016219', 'D006801', 'D004195', 'D045744', 'D005260', 'D053720', 'D000076962', 'D008223', 'D008807', 'D013601']"
38955354,Cryoablation combined with dual immune checkpoint blockade enhances antitumor efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma model mice.,"Cryoablation (Cryo) is a minimally invasive treatment for tumors. Cryo can activate the body's immune response, although it is typically weak. The immune response induced by Cryo in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poorly understood. PD-1 and CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies are immune checkpoint inhibitors used in immunotherapy for tumors. The combined use of these antibodies with Cryo may enhance the immune effect.","['D000818', 'D006528', 'D051379', 'D008113', 'D003452', 'D008807', 'D000082082', 'D004195', 'D045744']"
38955228,Impact of infectious diseases on wild bovidae populations in Thailand: insights from population modelling and disease dynamics.,"The wildlife and livestock interface is vital for wildlife conservation and habitat management. Infectious diseases maintained by domestic species may impact threatened species such as Asian bovids, as they share natural resources and habitats. To predict the population impact of infectious diseases with different traits, we used stochastic mathematical models to simulate the population dynamics over 100 years for 100 times in a model gaur (Bos gaurus) population with and without disease. We simulated repeated introductions from a reservoir, such as domestic cattle. We selected six bovine infectious diseases; anthrax, bovine tuberculosis, haemorrhagic septicaemia, lumpy skin disease, foot and mouth disease and brucellosis, all of which have caused outbreaks in wildlife populations. From a starting population of 300, the disease-free population increased by an average of 228% over 100 years. Brucellosis with frequency-dependent transmission showed the highest average population declines (-97%), with population extinction occurring 16% of the time. Foot and mouth disease with frequency-dependent transmission showed the lowest impact, with an average population increase of 200%. Overall, acute infections with very high or low fatality had the lowest impact, whereas chronic infections produced the greatest population decline. These results may help disease management and surveillance strategies support wildlife conservation.","['D000818', 'D013785', 'D008954', 'D011157', 'D002417', 'D000835', 'D003141', 'D002418', 'D012418']"
38956264,Boiling histotripsy exhibits anti-fibrotic effects in animal models of liver fibrosis.,"Liver fibrosis is a hallmark of chronic liver disease which could lead to liver cirrhosis or liver cancer. However, there is currently lack of a direct treatment for liver fibrosis. Boiling histotripsy (BH) is an emerging non-invasive high-intensity focused ultrasound technique that can be employed to mechanically destruct solid tumour at the focus via acoustic cavitation without significant adverse effect on surrounding tissue. Here, we investigated whether BH can mechanically fractionate liver fibrotic tissue thereby exhibiting an anti-fibrotic effect in an animal model of liver fibrosis. BH-treated penumbra and its identical lobe showed reduced liver fibrosis, accompanied by increased hepatocyte specific marker expression, compared to the BH-untreated lobe. Furthermore, BH treatment improved serological liver function markers without notable adverse effects. The ability of BH to reduce fibrosis and promote liver regeneration in liver fibrotic tissue suggests that BH could potentially be an effective and reliable therapeutic approach against liver fibrosis.","['D000818', 'D008103', 'D004195', 'D057086', 'D008297', 'D008115', 'D008099', 'D051379', 'D051381']"
38956251,Disulfiram downregulates ferredoxin 1 to maintain copper homeostasis and inhibit inflammation in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.,"In the current study, we aimed to investigate whether disulfiram (DSF) exerts a neuroprotective role in cerebral ischemiareperfusion (CI-RI) injury by modulating ferredoxin 1 (FDX1) to regulate copper ion (Cu) levels and inhibiting inflammatory responses. To simulate CI-RI, a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model in C57/BL6 mice was employed. Mice were administered with or without DSF before and after tMCAO. Changes in infarct volume after tMCAO were observed using TTC staining. Nissl staining and hematoxylin-eosin (he) staining were used to observe the morphological changes of nerve cells at the microscopic level. The inhibitory effect of DSF on initial inflammation was verified by TUNEL assay, apoptosis-related protein detection and iron concentration detection. FDX1 is the main regulatory protein of copper death, and the occurrence of copper death will lead to the increase of HSP70 stress and inflammatory response. Cuproptosis-related proteins and downstream inflammatory factors were detected by western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and immunohistochemistry. The content of copper ions was detected using a specific kit, while electron microscopy was employed to examine mitochondrial changes. We found that DSF reduced the cerebral infarction volume, regulated the expression of cuproptosis-related proteins, and modulated copper content through down regulation of FDX1 expression. Moreover, DSF inhibited the HSP70/TLR-4/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Collectively, DSF could regulate Cu homeostasis by inhibiting FDX1, acting on the HSP70/TLR4/NLRP3 pathway to alleviate CI/RI. Accordingly, DSF could mitigate inflammatory responses and safeguard mitochondrial integrity, yielding novel therapeutic targets and mechanisms for the clinical management of ischemia-reperfusion injury.","['D000818', 'D015427', 'D004221', 'D051379', 'D003300', 'D006706', 'D008810', 'D008297', 'D007249', 'D015536', 'D020244', 'D004195', 'D007506', 'D002545', 'D017209', 'D008928', 'D018696', 'D051197']"
38956068,Activation of PPAR-α attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting ferroptosis and mitochondrial injury via upregulating 14-3-3η.,"This study aimed to explore the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α), a known inhibitor of ferroptosis, in Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) and its related mechanisms. In vivo and in vitro MIRI models were established. Our results showed that activation of PPAR-α decreased the size of the myocardial infarct, maintained cardiac function, and decreased the serum contents of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and Fe2+ in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-treated mice. Additionally, the results of H&E staining, DHE staining, TUNEL staining, and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that activation of PPAR-α inhibited MIRI-induced heart tissue and mitochondrial damage. It was also found that activation of PPAR-α attenuated MIRI-induced ferroptosis as shown by a reduction in malondialdehyde, total iron, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In vitro experiments showed that intracellular contents of malondialdehyde, total iron, LDH, reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid ROS, oxidized glutathione disulphide (GSSG), and Fe2+ were reduced by the activation of PPAR-α in H9c2 cells treated with anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R), while the cell viability and GSH were increased after PPAR-α activation. Additionally, changes in protein levels of the ferroptosis marker further confirmed the beneficial effects of PPAR-α activation on MIRI-induced ferroptosis. Moreover, the results of immunofluorescence and dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that PPAR-α achieved its activity via binding to the 14-3-3η promoter, promoting its expression level. Moreover, the cardioprotective effects of PPAR-α could be canceled by pAd/14-3-3η-shRNA or Compound C11 (14-3-3η inhibitor). In conclusion, our results indicated that ferroptosis plays a key role in aggravating MIRI, and PPAR-α/14-3-3η pathway-mediated ferroptosis and mitochondrial injury might be an effective therapeutic target against MIRI.","['D000079403', 'D000818', 'D047493', 'D015428', 'D048948', 'D051379', 'D008297', 'D017382', 'D015854', 'D008928', 'D002460', 'D032383', 'D008810', 'D051381', 'D004195']"
38956066,Myricetin mitigates motor disturbance and decreases neuronal ferroptosis in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.,"Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death form characterized by reactive oxygen species (ROS) overgeneration and lipid peroxidation. Myricetin, a flavonoid that exists in numerous plants, exhibits potent antioxidant capacity. Given that iron accumulation and ROS-provoked dopaminergic neuron death are the two main pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD), we aimed to investigate whether myricetin decreases neuronal death through suppressing ferroptosis. The PD models were established by intraperitoneally injecting 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) into rats and by treating SH-SY5Y cells with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), respectively. Ferroptosis was identified by assessing the levels of Fe2+, ROS, malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH). The results demonstrated that myricetin treatment effectively mitigated MPTP-triggered motor impairment, dopamine neuronal death, and α-synuclein (α-Syn) accumulation in PD models. Myricetin also alleviated MPTP-induced ferroptosis, as evidenced by decreased levels of Fe2+, ROS, and MDA and increased levels of GSH in the substantia nigra (SN) and serum in PD models. All these changes were reversed by erastin, a ferroptosis activator. In vitro, myricetin treatment restored SH-SY5Y cell viability and alleviated MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cell ferroptosis. Mechanistically, myricetin accelerated nuclear translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and subsequent glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) expression in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells, two critical inhibitors of ferroptosis. Collectively, these data demonstrate that myricetin may be a potential agent for decreasing dopaminergic neuron death by inhibiting ferroptosis in PD.","['D000079403', 'D000818', 'D005419', 'D051381', 'D004195', 'D008297', 'D017382', 'D059290', 'D006801', 'D010300', 'D045744', 'D007501', 'D051844', 'D017207', 'D005978', 'D015227', 'D015632', 'D051267']"
38954749,Neutrophil migration participates in the side effect of recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator.,"Ischemic stroke remains a challenge in medical research because of the limited treatment options. Recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is the primary treatment for recanalization. However, nearly 50% of the patients experience complications that result in ineffective reperfusion. The precise factors contributing to ineffective reperfusion remain unclear; however, recent studies have suggested that immune cells, notably neutrophils, may influence the outcome of rtPA thrombolysis via mechanisms such as the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. This study aimed to explore the nonthrombolytic effects of rtPA on neutrophils and highlight their contribution to ineffective reperfusion.","['D010959', 'D000818', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D009504', 'D051381', 'D011994', 'D005343', 'D020244', 'D017207', 'D000368', 'D001812', 'D002465', 'D005260', 'D020556', 'D008875', 'D002545', 'D004195']"
38954719,Characterization of two affinity matured Anti-Yersinia pestis F1 human antibodies with medical countermeasure potential.,"Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague and a biological threat agent, presents an urgent need for novel medical countermeasures due to documented cases of naturally acquired antibiotic resistance and potential person-to-person spread during a pneumonic infection. Immunotherapy has been proposed as a way to circumvent current and future antibiotic resistance. Here, we describe the development and characterization of two affinity matured human antibodies (αF1Ig AM2 and αF1Ig AM8) that promote survival of mice after exposure to aerosolized Y. pestis. We share details of the error prone PCR and yeast display technology-based affinity maturation process that we used. The resultant matured antibodies have nanomolar affinity for Y. pestis F1 antigen, are produced in high yield, and are resilient to 37°C stress for up to 6 months. Importantly, in vitro assays using a murine macrophage cell line demonstrated that αF1Ig AM2 and αF1Ig AM8 are opsonic. Even more importantly, in vivo studies using pneumonic plague mouse models showed that 100% of the mice receiving 500 μg of IgGs αF1Ig AM2 and αF1Ig AM8 survived lethal challenge with aerosolized Y. pestis CO92. Combined, these results provide evidence of the quality and robustness of αF1Ig AM2 and αF1Ig AM8 and support their development as potential medical countermeasures against plague.","['D000818', 'D006801', 'D051379', 'D015010', 'D010930', 'D000907', 'D001426', 'D005260', 'D000915', 'D000078642', 'D000942', 'D004195']"
38954712,Mild hypothermia pretreatment improves hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal experiments.,Mild hypothermia in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury is increasingly being studied. This study aimed to conduct a systematic evaluation of the effectiveness of mild hypothermia in improving hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.,"['D015427', 'D000818', 'D007036', 'D008099', 'D051379', 'D051381', 'D004195']"
38954404,The GE296_RS03820 and GE296_RS03830 genes are involved in capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis in Riemerella anatipestifer.,"Riemerella anatipestifer is a pathogenic bacterium that causes duck serositis and meningitis, leading to significant harm to the duck industry. To escape from the host immune system, the meningitis-causing bacteria must survive and multiply in the bloodstream, relying on specific virulence factors such as capsules. Therefore, it is essential to study the genes involved in capsule biosynthesis in R. anatipestifer. In this study, we successfully constructed gene deletion mutants Δ3820 and Δ3830, targeting the GE296_RS03820 and GE296_RS03830 genes, respectively, using the RA-LZ01 strain as the parental strain. The growth kinetics analysis revealed that these two genes contribute to bacterial growth. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) and silver staining showed that Δ3820 and Δ3830 produced the altered capsules and compounds of capsular polysaccharides (CPSs). Serum resistance test showed the mutants also exhibited reduced C3b deposition and decreased resistance serum killing. In vivo, Δ3820 and Δ3830 exhibited markedly declining capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier, compared to RA-LZ01. These findings indicate that the GE296_RS03820 and GE296_RS03830 genes are involved in CPSs biosynthesis and play a key role in the pathogenicity of R. anatipestifer. Furthermore, Δ3820 and Δ3830 mutants presented a tendency toward higher survival rates from RA-LZ01 challenge in vivo. Additionally, sera from ducklings immunized with the mutants showed cross-immunoreactivity with different serotypes of R. anatipestifer, including 1, 2, 7 and 10. Western blot and SDS-PAGE assays revealed that the altered CPSs of Δ3820 and Δ3830 resulted in the exposure of some conserved proteins playing the key role in the cross-immunoreactivity. Our study clearly demonstrated that the GE296_RS03820 and GE296_RS03830 genes are involved in CPS biosynthesis in R. anatipestifer and the capsule is a target for attenuation in vaccine development.","['D060494', 'D000818', 'D004372', 'D016667', 'D045826', 'D011201', 'D001426', 'D011135', 'D037521', 'D017353']"
38954224,Formulation and Characterization of Silibinin Entrapped Nano-Liquid Crystals for Activity against Aβ1-42 Neurotoxicity in In-Vivo Model.,"Silibinin (SIL) Encapsulated Nanoliquid Crystalline (SIL-NLCs) particles were prepared to study neuroprotective effect against amyloid beta (Aβ1-42) neurotoxicity in Balb/c mice model. Theses NLCs were prepared through hot emulsification and probe sonication technique. The pharmacodynamics was investigatigated on Aβ1-42 intracerebroventricular (ICV) injected Balb/c mice. The particle size, zeta potential and drug loading were optimized to be 153 ± 2.5 nm, -21 mV, and 8.2%, respectively. Small angle X-ray (SAXS) and electron microscopy revealed to crystalline shape of SIL-NLCs. Thioflavin T (ThT) fluroscence and circular dichroism (CD) technique were employed to understand monomer inhibition effect of SIL-NLCs on Aβ1-4. In neurobehavioral studies, SIL-NLCs exhibited enhanced mitigation of memory impairment induced on by Aβ1-42 in T-maze and new object recognition test (NORT). Whereas biochemical and histopathological estimation of brain samples showed reduction in level of Aβ1-42 aggregate, acetylcholine esterase (ACHE) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). SIL-NLCs treated animal group showed higher protection against Aβ1-42 toxicity compared to free SIL and Donopezil (DPZ). Therefore SIL-NLCs promises great prospect in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.","['D000818', 'D016229', 'D051379', 'D000077385', 'D008807', 'D010446', 'D018696', 'D008297', 'D001921', 'D010316', 'D053758', 'D017382', 'D004195', 'D000544', 'D000110']"
38953907,Surface display of the COE antigen of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus on Bacillus subtilis spores.,"Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) infects pigs of all ages by invading small intestine, causing acute diarrhoea, vomiting, and dehydration with high morbidity and mortality among newborn piglets. However, current PEDV vaccines are not effective to protect the pigs from field epidemic strains because of poor mucosal immune response and strain variation. Therefore, it is indispensable to develop a novel oral vaccine based on epidemic strains. Bacillus subtilis spores are attractive delivery vehicles for oral vaccination on account of the safety, high stability, and low cost. In this study, a chimeric gene CotC-Linker-COE (CLE), comprising of the B. subtilis spore coat gene cotC fused to the core neutralizing epitope CO-26 K equivalent (COE) of the epidemic strain PEDV-AJ1102 spike protein gene, was constructed. Then recombinant B. subtilis displaying the CLE on the spore surface was developed by homologous recombination. Mice were immunized by oral route with B. subtilis 168-CLE, B. subtilis 168, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as control. Results showed that the IgG antibodies and cytokine (IL-4, IFN-γ) levels in the B. subtilis 168-CLE group were significantly higher than the control groups. This study demonstrates that B. subtilis 168-CLE can generate specific systemic immune and mucosal immune responses and is a potential vaccine candidate against PEDV infection.","['D053485', 'D000818', 'D001412', 'D013171', 'D051379', 'D000914', 'D013552', 'D014765', 'D018352', 'D013553', 'D000956', 'D000284', 'D016207', 'D007074', 'D008807', 'D005260', 'D061505', 'D064370']"
38953845,The Role of LC3-Associated Phagocytosis Inhibits the Inflammatory Response in Aspergillus fumigatus Keratitis.,The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of microtubule-associated protein light chain-3 (LC3)-associated phagocytosis (LAP) in the immune response to Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) keratitis.,"['D000818', 'D001232', 'D051379', 'D008810', 'D001228', 'D010587', 'D006801', 'D008869', 'D007634', 'D015821', 'D004195', 'D008264', 'D005260', 'D005434', 'D046529', 'D008297', 'D003315']"
38953782,Population genetic structure of Schistosoma bovis and S. curassoni collected from cattle in Mali.,"Schistosomiasis is of medical and veterinary importance. Despite the critical situation of schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa, few molecular epidemiological studies have been carried out to determine the role of animals in its transmission. In Mali, it has been over three decades since the last molecular study of animal schistosomes was carried out. It is now urgent to identify circulating strains of the parasite because of potential interactions with other schistosome species, which could complicate disease control. The aim of our work was to study the composition and genetic structure of schistosome populations collected from cattle. The prevalence of schistosome was 23.9%, with the prevalences of Schistosoma bovis (Sb) and S. curassoni (Sc) estimated at 12.6% and 9.8%, respectively. No hybrid strains or S. haematobium were found. The parasites displayed distinct geographical distribution with Sb dominant in Bamako (78.8% and 98% in Central Bamako Slaughterhouse and Sabalibougou Slaughterhouses, respectively) and Sc dominant in Kayes (95.3%). Of the 476 parasites with a complete genetic profile, 60.4% were pure Sc, and were mainly from Kayes. We identified two clusters at the site level (Fst of 0.057 and 0.042 for Sb and Sc, respectively). Cluster 1 was predominantly composed of pure Sb parasites and cluster 2 was mainly composed of pure Sc parasites, from Bamako and Kayes, respectively. Our study shows that cattle schistosomiasis remains endemic in Mali with S. bovis and S. curassoni. A robust genetic structure between the different schistosome populations was identified, which included two clusters based on the geographical distribution of the parasites.","['D000818', 'D002417', 'D008302', 'D012547', 'D002418', 'D012552', 'D015995', 'D014644', 'D005828', 'D018509']"
38953607,A strike to the head: Parallels between the pediatric and adult human and the rodent in traumatic brain injury.,"Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a condition that occurs commonly in children from infancy through adolescence and is a global health concern. Pediatric TBI presents with a bimodal age distribution, with very young children (0-4 years) and adolescents (15-19 years) more commonly injured. Because children's brains are still developing, there is increased vulnerability to the effects of head trauma, which results in entirely different patterns of injury than in adults. Pediatric TBI has a profound and lasting impact on a child's development and quality of life, resulting in long-lasting consequences to physical, cognitive, and emotional development. Chronic issues like learning disabilities, behavioral problems, and emotional disturbances can develop. Early intervention and ongoing support are critical for minimizing these long-term deficits. Many animal models of TBI exist, and each varies significantly, displaying different characteristics of clinical TBI. The neurodevelopment differs in the rodent from the human in timing and effect, so TBI outcomes in the juvenile rodent can thus vary from the human child. The current review compares findings from preclinical TBI work in juvenile and adult rodents to clinical TBI research in pediatric and adult humans. We focus on the four brain regions most affected by TBI: the prefrontal cortex, corpus callosum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. Each has its unique developmental projections and thus is impacted by TBI differently. This review aims to compare the healthy neurodevelopment of these four brain regions in humans to the developmental processes in rodents.","['D000070642', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D002648', 'D004195', 'D000328', 'D000293', 'D012377', 'D001921', 'D002675']"
38953409,Mecp2 promotes the anti-inflammatory effect of alpinetin via epigenetic modification crosstalk.,"In recent years, inflammatory disorders have emerged as a significant concern for human health. Through ongoing research on anti-inflammatory agents, alpinetin has shown promising anti-inflammatory properties, including involvement in epigenetic modification pathways. As a crucial regulator of epigenetic modifications, Mecp2 may play a role in modulating the epigenetic effects of alpinetin, potentially impacting its anti-inflammatory properties. To test this hypothesis, two key components, p65 (a member of NF-KB family) and p300 (a type of co-activator), were screened by the expression profiling microarray, which exhibited a strong correlation with the intensity of LPS stimulation in mouse macrophages. Meanwhile, alpinetin demonstrates the anti-inflammatory properties through its ability to disrupt the synthesis of p65 and its interaction with promoters of inflammatory genes, yet it did not exhibit similar effects on p300. Additionally, Mecp2 can inhibit the binding of p300 by attaching to the methylated inflammatory gene promoter induced by alpinetin, leading to obstacles in promoter acetylation and subsequently impacting the binding of p65, ultimately enhancing the anti-inflammatory capabilities of alpinetin. Similarly, in a sepsis mouse model, it was observed that homozygotes overexpressing Mecp2 showed a greater reduction in organ damage and improved survival rates compared to heterozygotes when administered by alpinetin. However, blocking the expression of DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) resulted in the loss of Mecp2's anti-inflammatory assistance. In conclusion, Mecp2 may augment the anti-inflammatory effects of alpinetin through epigenetic 'crosstalk', highlighting the potential efficacy of a combined therapeutic strategy involving Mecp2 and alpinetin for anti-inflammatory intervention.","['D051783', 'D000818', 'D044950', 'D044127', 'D051379', 'D000893', 'D011401', 'D000067996', 'D019175', 'D008070', 'D051996', 'D018805', 'D008264', 'D007249', 'D000090205', 'D008297', 'D050881', 'D004195', 'D008810', 'D004248']"
38953282,Systemic pharmacological suppression of neural activity reverses learning impairment in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome.,"The enhancement of associative synaptic plasticity often results in impaired rather than enhanced learning. Previously, we proposed that such learning impairments can result from saturation of the plasticity mechanism (Nguyen-Vu et al., 2017), or, more generally, from a history-dependent change in the threshold for plasticity. This hypothesis was based on experimental results from mice lacking two class I major histocompatibility molecules, MHCI H2-Kb and H2-Db (MHCI KbDb-/-), which have enhanced associative long-term depression at the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses in the cerebellum (PF-Purkinje cell LTD). Here, we extend this work by testing predictions of the threshold metaplasticity hypothesis in a second mouse line with enhanced PF-Purkinje cell LTD, the Fmr1 knockout mouse model of Fragile X syndrome (FXS). Mice lacking Fmr1 gene expression in cerebellar Purkinje cells (L7-Fmr1 KO) were selectively impaired on two oculomotor learning tasks in which PF-Purkinje cell LTD has been implicated, with no impairment on LTD-independent oculomotor learning tasks. Consistent with the threshold metaplasticity hypothesis, behavioral pre-training designed to reverse LTD at the PF-Purkinje cell synapses eliminated the oculomotor learning deficit in the L7-Fmr1 KO mice, as previously reported in MHCI KbDb-/-mice. In addition, diazepam treatment to suppress neural activity and thereby limit the induction of associative LTD during the pre-training period also eliminated the learning deficits in L7-Fmr1 KO mice. These results support the hypothesis that cerebellar LTD-dependent learning is governed by an experience-dependent sliding threshold for plasticity. An increased threshold for LTD in response to elevated neural activity would tend to oppose firing rate stability, but could serve to stabilize synaptic weights and recently acquired memories. The metaplasticity perspective could inform the development of new clinical approaches for addressing learning impairments in autism and other disorders of the nervous system.","['D000818', 'D005600', 'D051379', 'D004195', 'D051860', 'D018345', 'D011689', 'D009473', 'D008297', 'D007858']"
38953030,Aspergillus fumigatus binding IgA and IgG1 are increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of horses with neutrophilic asthma.,"Equine asthma (EA) is a common lower airway disease in horses, but whether its pathogenesis is allergic is ambiguous. Extrinsic stimuli like hay dust induce acute exacerbation of clinical signs and sustained local neutrophilic inflammation in susceptible horses. Aspergillus fumigatus is an EA stimulus, but it is unclear if it merely acts as an IgE-provoking allergen. We aimed to comprehensively analyze immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes in EA, elucidating their binding to different A. fumigatus antigens, and their quantities systemically in serum and locally in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).","['D000818', 'D006736', 'D001232', 'D001992', 'D001249', 'D007074', 'D007070', 'D006734', 'D000946', 'D008297', 'D009504', 'D005260', 'D007073', 'D000908']"
38952926,Disengagement of somatostatin neurons from lateral septum circuitry by oxytocin and vasopressin restores social-fear extinction and suppresses aggression outbursts in Prader-Willi syndrome model.,"Responding to social signals by expressing the correct behavior is not only challenged in autism, but also in diseases with high prevalence of autism, like Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS). Clinical evidence suggests aberrant pro-social behavior in patients can be regulated by intranasal oxytocin (OXT) or vasopressin (AVP). However, what neuronal mechanisms underlie impaired behavioral responses in a socially-aversive context, and how can they be corrected, remains largely unknown.","['D000818', 'D010121', 'D013004', 'D005239', 'D005108', 'D009474', 'D051379', 'D011218', 'D018345', 'D004195', 'D014667', 'D000374', 'D008297', 'D012919', 'D012686', 'D062308', 'D008810', 'D047908', 'D064267']"
38952767,Transmissible venereal tumor of the uterine stump following successful chemotherapy in a 5-year-old mixed-breed dog.,"A 5-year-old spayed female mixed-breed dog was referred to the Atlantic Veterinary College (Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island) because of a 7-month history of intermittent pink, mucoid, vulvar discharge. The dog was imported from the Bahamas at 3.5 y of age and had a history of transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) of the vulva that was successfully treated with a course of vincristine chemotherapy. Complete remission was achieved with a disease-free interval of 6 mo before clinical signs recurred. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scan identified a large caudal abdominal mass thought to arise from the uterine stump. An exploratory laparotomy was performed and the mass grossly excised. Histopathology was consistent with a poorly differentiated round cell tumor, and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed TVT as the most likely diagnosis. No further treatment was carried out. Repeat abdominal ultrasound at 4 mo after surgery showed no evidence of mass recurrence. At 8 mo after surgery, the dog was reported to be doing well clinically. Key clinical message: Transmissible venereal tumor should be considered as a differential diagnosis for masses arising from the deep genital tissues of dogs in cases where there is a history of previous TVT. Transmissible venereal tumor should be considered even in dogs that have had complete resolution of a primary mass after chemotherapy.","['D000818', 'D004285', 'D005260', 'D004283', 'D014685', 'D014750', 'D014846', 'D000972']"
38952766,Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in the urinary bladder in a dog.,"An 8-year-old castrated male Maltese dog was presented with a urinary bladder mass, urolithiasis, and hematuria. A solitary, pedunculated, intraluminal mass on the caudodorsal wall was identified with extensive irregular bladder wall thickening, and the mass was surgically removed. Postoperative histopathology demonstrated a submucosal lesion comprising spindle cells with marked inflammatory cell infiltration, without malignant changes. Immunohistochemical staining revealed vimentin and desmin positivity in the mass. An inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) was definitively diagnosed. No recurrence was observed during a 43-month follow-up period. Although IMTs are rare in dogs, they should be considered a differential diagnosis for mass-like urinary bladder lesions accompanying a chronic inflammatory disease process. Key clinical message: Canine IMT should be included in the differential diagnoses of bladder masses, especially when dogs exhibit chronic irritation and inflammation.","['D004285', 'D000818', 'D008297', 'D004283', 'D001749', 'D009379', 'D003937', 'D007249']"
38952763,Thymic carcinosarcoma with melanocytic differentiation in a dog.,"Carcinosarcomas are very rare tumors in dogs. Although carcinosarcomas with melanocytic differentiation arising from organs other than the thymus have been described in humans, this type of tumor has not been reported in dogs in any part of the body. We observed such a tumor in the cranial mediastinum of an 11-year-old spayed female dachshund. The dog was admitted to the clinic because of coughing, sporadic regurgitation, and dyspnea. Thoracic ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a large mediastinal mass that was surgically removed via sternotomy. The tumor was of thymic origin and demonstrated 3 distinct components: an epithelial component positive for pancytokeratin (AE1/AE3) and high molecular weight cytokeratin (CK5/CK6) with some cystic spaces; a mesenchymal component positive for vimentin; and in association with the epithelial part, a minor melanocytic component positive for Melan A. Histologic metastasis of the epithelial and melanocytic components was present within a tracheobronchial lymph node. The dog died 105 d after surgery, after an episode of acute dyspnea. Key clinical message: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of thymic carcinosarcoma with melanocytic differentiation.","['D000818', 'D004285', 'D004283', 'D005260', 'D002296', 'D013953', 'D017809', 'D008544']"
38952762,Suspected aerosol transmission of swine pathogens: A field case.,"A swine production system had 3 sections located a few kilometers apart. Sections A and C contained several thousand sows and nursery and finishing pigs. Section B, located between the other 2 sections, was the smallest and had 6 finishing sites and 2 sow sites. The entire system was infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Section B was depopulated, cleaned, disinfected, and repopulated with negative gilts. Despite extreme measures, recontamination occurred for each pathogen, with aerosol considered the most plausible contamination source.","['D000818', 'D013552', 'D000336', 'D013553', 'D045705', 'D016977', 'D019316', 'D000189', 'D045729', 'D005260', 'D019318', 'D000822']"
38952759,Preoperative management and postoperative complications in 9 dogs undergoing surgical treatment of thymic-associated myasthenia gravis.,"Thymoma-associated paraneoplastic syndromes in dogs and cats include myasthenia gravis, hypercalcemia, exfoliative dermatitis, erythema multiforme, T-cell lymphocytosis, myocarditis, anemia, and polymyositis. Paraneoplastic myasthenia gravis (MG) is the most commonly reported paraneoplastic syndrome in dogs with thymic epithelial tumors. The objective of this study was to examine cases of canine thymic-associated MG treated surgically, with the specific objective of providing an updated clinical picture of the preoperative management, postoperative complications, and outcomes of these cases.","['D000818', 'D004285', 'D004283', 'D009157', 'D013953', 'D011183', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002800', 'D011300', 'D007166', 'D009375', 'D013945']"
38952756,Immune-mediated pyogranulomatous panniculitis with hypercalcemia in a dog.,"An 11-year-old neutered male large crossbreed dog was presented for investigation because of a 10-day history of progressive lethargy, hyporexia, and pyrexia. Physical and dermatological examinations were unremarkable. Blood biochemical analysis identified a marked total and ionized hypercalcemia and increased C-reactive protein concentration. Bicavitary computed tomography screening for causes of the dog's clinical and biochemical abnormalities identified a diffuse panniculitis. Histopathological examination of full-thickness skin biopsies was consistent with pyogranulomatous inflammation. Extensive histochemical staining revealed no infectious etiology. Complete clinical and biochemical remissions were observed after starting immunosuppressive, followed by tapering, doses of prednisolone, supporting an immune-mediated etiology. Key clinical message: Sterile, immune-mediated pyogranulomatous inflammation should remain a differential diagnosis for hypercalcemia in dogs. Significant dermatological disease may occur without visible abnormalities.","['D000818', 'D004285', 'D004283', 'D008297', 'D015434', 'D006934', 'D011239', 'D007166']"
38952754,First isolation and whole-genome sequencing of Trueperella abortisuis from a goat in Canada.,The present study reports the first isolation and whole-genome sequencing of a Trueperella abortisuis bacterium from a goat.,"['D000818', 'D006041', 'D015511', 'D005260', 'D000073336', 'D000193', 'D000191', 'D016680', 'D002170', 'D000034', 'D011247']"
38952752,Long-term follow-up of laryngeal Rhinosporidium seeberi diagnosed by PCR and treated with laser ablation and voriconazole nebulization in a retired thoroughbred polo horse.,"A 21-year-old retired polo Argentinian thoroughbred horse from a teaching herd was presented for a routine bronchoalveolar lavage demonstration, during which an incidental finding of a granulomatous mass on the dorsal aspect of the epiglottis was made. Rhinosporidium seeberi was suspected from a histological section obtained from an initial biopsy, and the mass was removed via laser surgery for cytology and PCR. Sequencing of the PCR amplicons confirmed the diagnosis of R. seeberi. A treatment protocol of nebulized voriconazole for 10 d postoperatively was used. Long-term follow-up required 2 more laser surgeries plus oral fluconazole to resolve the remaining fungal spores. However, 2.5 y later, there was no evidence of remaining fungal spores. Key clinical message: Horses from endemic regions can potentially be exposed to R. seeberi. Based on its travel history, this horse may have contracted the infection in South America, California, or Alberta. Treatments administered, including diode laser resection, voriconazole antifungal nebulization, and oral fluconazole administration, were successful but required repeated interventions.","['D000818', 'D006736', 'D006734', 'D065819', 'D000935', 'D008297', 'D012227', 'D009330', 'D053685', 'D016133', 'D007818']"
38952751,Computed tomography angiography features of a retroperitoneal extra-adrenal paraganglioma in a cat.,"A 7-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was presented for evaluation of a large-volume abdominal space-occupying lesion. A computed tomography angiography examination detected a round retroperitoneal mass, in contact with the large abdominal vessels, characterized by an external hyperattenuating capsule and a larger hypoattenuating center. The capsule was soft-tissue attenuating with marked heterogenous contrast enhancement. The center was hypoattenuating pre- and post-contrast administration. The mass displaced both kidneys laterally and the descendent colon ventrally. The mesenteric veins and both phrenicoabdominal veins were markedly increased in diameter. However, the adrenals were not involved. On the excretory phase, no contrast enhancement was observed in either ureter, except for the proximal tract of the right ureter. At laparotomy, both ureters entered the mass that was adherent to the great abdominal vessels. The cytological diagnosis was retroperitoneal extra-adrenal paraganglioma. In cats, retroperitoneal extra-adrenal paragangliomas are very rare. This is the first computed tomography angiography report of a retroperitoneal extra-adrenal paraganglioma in a domestic cat. Key clinical message: This report describes the computed tomography angiography features of a rare case of a retroperitoneal extra-adrenal paraganglioma in a cat. These features could be taken into consideration to direct the diagnosis of a possible neuroendocrine origin for a retroperitoneal mass in a cat.","['D000818', 'D002415', 'D005260', 'D002371', 'D012186', 'D010236', 'D000072226']"
38952750,"Feline lung-digit syndrome: A differential diagnosis for shifting, waxing and waning lameness in a cat.","The clinical presentation, cytologic findings, radiographic findings, and postmortem assessment of a cat with primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma with multiple digital metastasis are described. An unusual shifting, waxing and waning pattern of lameness, suspected to be an early manifestation of digital metastasis before any gross lesions were visible, was documented. Initial cytologic finding of a lung nodule was equivocal for diagnosis of neoplasia despite being strongly suspicious. Palliative management was short-lived, with rapid progression culminating in widespread metastasis to multiple digits, muscles, and other organs. The diagnosis of pulmonary adenocarcinoma was confirmed via necropsy and histopathology. Key clinical message: This case report highlights that feline lung-digit syndrome is an important differential diagnosis for an acute, waxing and waning, shifting leg lameness in an older cat. This pattern of lameness should raise the index of suspicion for an underlying primary lung neoplasm, and thoracic imaging (radiographs) should be considered.","['D002415', 'D000818', 'D002371', 'D008175', 'D007794', 'D003937', 'D000230', 'D008297', 'D013577', 'D000077192', 'D005260']"
38952318,[Preliminary observation on the development and dynamic changes of chronic toxoplasmosis in mice].,"To investigate the development and dynamic changes of cysts in the brain of mice following infection with different forms of Toxoplasma gondii, so as to provide insights into for toxoplasmosis prevention and control.","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008813', 'D001921', 'D002908', 'D014124', 'D014122', 'D014123', 'D004195']"
38952315,[Effect of oxymatrine on Cryptosporidium parvum infection in mice based on the HMGB1-TLR2/TLR4-NF-κB pathway].,"To investigate the involvement of the high mobility group box protein B1 (HMGB1)-Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)/TLR4-nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway in the intestinal mucosal injury induced by Cryptosporidium parvum infection, and to examine the effect of oxymatrine (OMT) on C. parvum infection in mice.","['D000818', 'D003457', 'D011807', 'D008807', 'D016785', 'D051197', 'D051379', 'D051195', 'D016328', 'D000470', 'D024243', 'D015398', 'D008297', 'D007413', 'D000093842']"
38952305,[Progress of schistosomiasis control in People's Republic of China in 2023].,"To understand the progress of national schistosomiasis elimination program of China in 2023 and summarize the lessons and experiences, data on the endemic status of schistosomiasis and national schistosomiasis surveillance results in the People's Republic of China were collected and analyzed at a national level. By the end of 2023, Shanghai Municipality, Zhejiang Province, Fujian Province, Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region continued to consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis elimination, and Sichuan and Jiangsu provinces maintained the criteria of transmission interruption, while Yunnan and Hubei provinces were identified to achieve the criteria of transmission interruption in 2020, and Anhui, Jiangxi and Hunan provinces achieved the criteria of transmission interruption in 2023. A total of 451 counties (cites, districts) were found to be endemic for schistosomiasis in China in 2023, including 26 250 endemic villages covering 73 034 500 residents at risk of infections. Among the 451 endemic counties (cities, districts), 78.49% (354/451) achieved the criteria of schistosomiasis elimination and 21.51% (97/451) achieved the criteria of transmission interruption, respectively. In 2023, a total of 4 216 643 individuals received immunological tests, with 47 794 sero-positives identified, and a total of 184 216 individuals received parasitological examinations, with 4 egg-positives detected. A total of 27 768 cases with advanced schistosomiasis were documented in China by the end of 2023. In 2023, 539 548 bovines were raised in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of China, and 125 440 bovines received immunological tests, with 124 sero-positives detected, while no egg-positives were identified among the 133 508 bovines receiving parasitological examinations. In 2023, snail survey was performed at an area of 641 339.53 hm2 and 184 819.77 hm2 snail habitats were identified, including 51.53 hm2 emerging snail habitats and 642.25 hm2 reemerging snail habitats. In 2023, there were 20 198 schistosomiasis patients receiving praziquantel chemotherapy, and 598 183 person-time individuals and 283 954 herdtime bovines were given expanded chemotherapy. In 2023, snail control with chemical treatment was performed in 116 347.95 hm2 snail habitats, and the actual area of chemical treatment was 65 690.89 hm2, while environmental improvements were performed in snail habitats covering an area of 1 334.62 hm2. The national schistosomiasis surveillance results showed that the mean prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infections were both zero among humans and bovines in 2023, and no S. japonicum infection was detected in snails. These data demonstrated that transmission interruption of schistosomiasis had been achieved across all endemic provinces in China in 2023, and the endemic status of schistosomiasis tended to be stable, while advanced cases were predominant among all schistosomiasis cases. However, the areas of snail habitats remained high and cattle re-raising was very common in some regions. Intensified schistosomiasis surveillance and forecast and snail control in high-risk areas are needed.","['D002681', 'D006801', 'D012552', 'D000818', 'D002417', 'D002418', 'D003140']"
38952268,NMR-based metabolomic investigation of dogs with acute flaccid paralysis due to tick paralysis.,"Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is a complex clinical syndrome with various aetiologies. If untreated, AFP may lead to death due to failure of respiratory muscles. Tick paralysis, which is a noninfectious neurologic syndrome of AFP, occurs following tick attachment, engorgement, and injection of tick saliva toxins. There is no specific diagnostic test for tick paralysis, and mortality increases as definitive diagnosis is delayed. Although metabolomic investigation of tick saliva was conducted, there is a lack of research on metabolomic evaluation of hosts affected by tick paralysis.","['D000818', 'D004285', 'D013985', 'D004283', 'D009682', 'D055432', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D048508', 'D055442', 'D010243']"
38952251,Occurrence of hemodynamic changes following administration of rocuronium in a dog presenting for an ophthalmic procedure.,"A 10-year-old, neutered male, Golden Retriever dog presented for surgical correction of a descemetocele. Acepromazine (0.02 mg/kg) and methadone (0.5 mg/kg) were administered intramuscularly for sedation, propofol (2 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.2 mg/kg) were administered intravenously for anaesthetic induction and isoflurane in oxygen was utilised for anaesthetic maintenance. Rocuronium (0.5 mg/kg), a neuromuscular blocking agent, was administered intravenously to facilitate central positioning of the eye for surgery. Within 10 min of rocuronium administration, the dog became tachycardic and hypotensive. Hemodynamic aberrations did not resolve with initial interventions but were successfully mitigated with the administration of diphenhydramine (0.8 mg/kg) intravenously. The dog remained stable throughout the remainder of the procedure and experienced a smooth and uneventful recovery. While it is difficult to confirm that the hemodynamic changes observed in this clinical case resulted solely from administration of rocuronium, the observance of the cardiovascular changes, timing of events and response to therapy suggest that rocuronium elicited a histamine response that was successfully treated with diphenhydramine.","['D000818', 'D000077123', 'D004285', 'D008297', 'D003473', 'D006439', 'D000732', 'D004283', 'D004155']"
38952247,Effects of irradiation on the survival of Sarcocystis bradyzoites in beef.,"Sarcocystis is a food-borne zoonotic protozoan whose final hosts are humans, dogs, cats, and other carnivores and intermediate hosts are birds and mammals, especially humans and herbivores. Humans become infected by eating raw and undercooked meat contaminated with bradyzoites or by consuming water or food contaminated with the sporocyst stage of the parasite.","['D012522', 'D000818', 'D002417', 'D012523', 'D000069466', 'D005720', 'D004285', 'D005514', 'D004307', 'D002418', 'D004583']"
38952086,[Resveratrol attenuates neuroinflammation and alleviates emotional dysfunction in mice with sepsis-associated encephalopathy through promoting chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA)].,"Objective To elucidate the role of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) in alleviating emotional dysfunction in mice with sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Methods The SAE mouse model was established by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). The severity of sepsis was assessed using the sepsis severity score (MSS). Emotional function in SAE mice was assessed by the open-field test and elevated plus-maze. The expression levels of cognitive heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70), lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP2A) and high mobility group box 1 protein B1 (HMGB1) were detected using Western blotting. Co-localization of LAMP2A in the hippocampal neurons was observed by immunofluorescence. The release of inflammatory factors interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was measured using ELISA. Following 12 hours post-CLP, mice were orally administered resveratrol at a dose of 30 mg/kg once daily until day 14. Results The mortality rate of CLP mice was 45.83% 24 days post CLP, and all surviving mice exhibited emotional disturbances. 24 hours after CLP, a significant decrease in HSC70 and LAMP2A expression in hippocampal neurons was observed, indicating impaired CMA activity. Meanwhile, HMGB1 and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) levels increased. After resveratrol treatment, an increase of HSC70 and LAMP2A expression, and a decrease of HMGB1 expression and inflammatory cytokine release were observed, suggesting enhanced CMA activity and reduced neuroinflammation. Behavioral tests showed that emotional dysfunction was improved in SAE mice after resveratrol treatment. Conclusion CMA activity of hippocampal neurons in SAE mice is significantly reduced, leading to emotional dysfunction. Resveratrol can alleviate neuroinflammation and emotional dysfunction in SAE mice by promoting CMA and inhibiting the expression of HMGB1 and the release of inflammatory factors.","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D065166', 'D008297', 'D000077185', 'D024243', 'D000080642', 'D014409', 'D052119', 'D000090862', 'D006624', 'D015850', 'D013267', 'D050883', 'D018805', 'D008810', 'D004195']"
38952078,Comparative assessment of two in-house-built isothermal assays for visual detection of African swine fever virus.,"Owing to the lack of effective vaccines, current control measures and eradication strategies for the African swine fever virus (ASFV) rely on early detection and stringent stamping-out procedures. In the present study, we developed two independent isothermal amplification assays, namely, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and polymerase spiral reaction (PSR), for quick visualization of the ASFV genome in clinical samples. Additionally, a quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR)-based hydrolysis probe assay was developed for comparative assessment of sensitivity with the developed isothermal assays. The analytical sensitivity of the LAMP, PSR, and qRT-PCR was found to be 2.64 ×105 copies/µL, 2.64 ×102 copies/µL, and 2.64 ×101 copies/µL, respectively. A total of 165 clinical samples was tested using the developed visual assays. The relative accuracy, relative specificity, and relative diagnostic sensitivity for LAMP vs PSR were found to be 95.37% vs 102.48%, 97.46% vs 101.36%, and 73.33% vs 113.33%, respectively.","['D000358', 'D000818', 'D021141', 'D013552', 'D000357', 'D012680', 'D060888', 'D025202', 'D016679']"
38951957,Unraveling host-pathogen dynamics in a murine Model of septic peritonitis induced by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium.,"Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) infection is associated with higher mortality rates. Previous studies have emphasized the importance of innate immune cells and signalling pathways in clearing E. faecium, but a comprehensive analysis of host-pathogen interactions is lacking. Here, we investigated the interplay of host and E. faecium in a murine model of septic peritonitis. Following injection with a sublethal dose, we observed significantly increased murine sepsis score and histological score, decreased weight and bacterial burden, neutrophils and macrophages infiltration, and comprehensive activation of cytokine-mediated signalling pathway. In mice receiving a lethal dose, hypothermia significantly improved survival, reduced bacterial burden, cytokines, and CD86 expression of MHC-II+ recruited macrophages compared to the normothermia group. A mathematical model constructed by observational data from 80 animals, recapitulated the host-pathogen interplay, and further verified the benefits of hypothermia. These findings indicate that E. faecium triggers a severe activation of cytokine-mediated signalling pathway, and hypothermia can improve outcomes by reducing bacterial burden and inflammation.","['D000818', 'D010538', 'D051379', 'D004195', 'D016984', 'D016908', 'D054884', 'D065507', 'D018805', 'D016207', 'D008810', 'D008264', 'D015398']"
38951925,Overcoming donor variability and risks associated with fecal microbiota transplants through bacteriophage-mediated treatments.,"Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and fecal virome transplantation (FVT, sterile filtrated donor feces) have been effective in treating recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections, possibly through bacteriophage-mediated modulation of the gut microbiome. However, challenges like donor variability, costly screening, coupled with concerns over pathogen transfer (incl. eukaryotic viruses) with FMT or FVT hinder their wider clinical application in treating less acute diseases.","['D000069467', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D001435', 'D003015', 'D000069196', 'D005243', 'D016360', 'D004195', 'D006801', 'D008810', 'D005260']"
38951890,Cholestasis-induced phenotypic transformation of neutrophils contributes to immune escape of colorectal cancer liver metastasis.,"Cholestasis is a common yet severe complication that occurs during the advancement of liver metastasis. However, how cholestasis impacts the development, treatment, and tumor microenvironment (TME) of liver metastasis remains to be elucidated.","['D000818', 'D009504', 'D051379', 'D008113', 'D015179', 'D002779', 'D059016', 'D008297', 'D008810', 'D006801', 'D004195']"
38951863,Resistance of Nile tilapia fed with Padina boergesenii extract to Pseudomonas putida infection.,"The aim of this research was to estimate the immunopotentiation effect of brown algae Padina boergesenii water extract on Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus through resistance to Pseudomonas putida infection. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry was utilized to characterize the seaweed phytoconstituents. One hundred and twenty-six fish were divided in triplicates into two equal groups corresponding to two diet variants that used to feed Nile tilapia for 20 successive days: a basal (control), and P. boergesenii water extract supplemented group. Fish samples were collected at 10-days intervals throughout the experiment. Serum biochemical constituents, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and some immune related genes expression of the spleen and intestinal tissues of experimental fish were studied, as well as histological examination of fish immune tissues. Moreover, following 20 days of feeding, the susceptibility of Nile tilapia to P. putida infection was evaluated to assess the protective effect of the used extract. The findings indicated that the studied parameters were significantly increased, and the best immune response profiles were observed in fish fed P. boergesenii water extract for 20 successive days. A bacterial challenge experiment using P. putida resulted in higher survival within the supplemented fish group than the control. Thus, the lowered post-challenge mortality of the fish may be related to the protection provided by the stimulation of the innate immune system, reduced oxidative stress by higher activity of TAC, and elevated levels of expression of iterleukin-1beta (IL-1β), beta-defensin (β-defensin), and natural killer-lysin (NKl). Moreover, the constituents of the extract used showed potential protective activity for histological features of the supplemented fish group when compared to the control. Collectively, this study presents a great insight on the protective role of P. boergesenii water extract as an additive in Nile tilapia feed which suggests its potential for improving the immune response against P. putida infection.","['D000818', 'D016958', 'D005393', 'D023681', 'D000821', 'D011552', 'D019587', 'D000459', 'D004032', 'D060467', 'D010936']"
38951858,"Twenty-year evolution of Leishmania infantum infection in dogs in Valdeorras (Galicia, Northwestern Spain): implication of climatic factors and preventive measures.","Abiotic factors play a significant role in the evolution of Leishmania infantum infection due to its vectorial nature. This study aims to assess the evolution in the detection of new L. infantum infection cases in Valdeorras (Ourense, Northwestern Spain) over a 20-year period and how different climatic variables and preventive measures may have affected it.","['D004285', 'D000818', 'D013030', 'D004283', 'D018314', 'D007898', 'D002980', 'D000913', 'D008297', 'D019084', 'D005260']"
38951822,Cardiac-derived extracellular vesicles improve mitochondrial function to protect the heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury by delivering ATP5a1.,"Numerous studies have confirmed the involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in various physiological processes, including cellular death and tissue damage. Recently, we reported that EVs derived from ischemia-reperfusion heart exacerbate cardiac injury. However, the role of EVs from healthy heart tissue (heart-derived EVs, or cEVs) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury remains unclear.","['D000818', 'D000067128', 'D051379', 'D015428', 'D032383', 'D008297', 'D008810', 'D025261', 'D008928', 'D009206', 'D017382', 'D000079403', 'D004195']"
38951817,Analysis of serum peptidome profiles of non-metastatic and metastatic feline mammary carcinoma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.,"Feline mammary carcinoma (FMC) is a common aggressive and highly metastatic cancer affecting female cats. Early detection is essential for preventing local and distant metastasis, thereby improving overall survival rates. While acquiring molecular data before surgery offers significant potential benefits, the current protein biomarkers for monitoring disease progression in non-metastatic FMC (NmFMC) and metastatic FMC (mFMC) are limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the serum peptidome profiles of NmFMC and mFMC using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A cross-sectional study was conducted to compare serum peptidome profiles in 13 NmFMC, 23 mFMC and 18 healthy cats. The liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis was performed on non-trypsinized samples.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D002371', 'D002415', 'D053719', 'D015674', 'D014408', 'D002853', 'D003430', 'D009362', 'D040901']"
38951780,What is the state of the art on traditional medicine interventions for zoonotic diseases in the Indian subcontinent? A scoping review of the peer-reviewed evidence base.,"Traditional medicine (TM) interventions are plausible therapeutic alternatives to conventional medical interventions against emerging and endemic zoonotic diseases, particularly in low-and middle-income countries that may lack resources and infrastructure. Despite the growing popularity in the usage of TM interventions, their clinical safety and effectiveness are still contested within conventional healthcare in many countries.","['D006801', 'D015047', 'D008519', 'D000818', 'D007194', 'D010380']"
38951739,Integrin-Linked Kinase in the Development of Gastric Tumors Induced by Helicobacter pylori: Regulation and Prevention Potential.,Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is crucial in solid tumors by regulating the Hippo-Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) pathway. This study aimed to uncover how Helicobacter pylori influences ILK levels and its role in regulating YAP during H. pylori-induced gastric cancer.,"['D017346', 'D000818', 'D013274', 'D016480', 'D016481', 'D051379', 'D006801', 'D004195', 'D002460', 'D008297']"
38951667,Phenotypic characterisation of bovine alveolar macrophages reveals two major subsets with differential expression of CD163.,"Bovine alveolar macrophages (AMs) defend the lungs against pathogens such as Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis. However, little is known about the surface molecules expressed by bovine AMs and whether there is heterogeneity within the population. The purpose of this study was to characterise the bovine AM cell surface phenotype using flow cytometry. Bronchoalveolar lavage samples from four different calves were stained with a combination of antibodies against immune cell molecules prior to flow cytometric analysis. To assess the degree of expression, we considered the distribution and relative intensities of stained and unstained cells. We demonstrated that bovine AMs have high expression of CD172a, ADGRE1, CD206, and CD14, moderate expression of CD80, MHC II, CD1b, and CD40, low expression of CX3CR1 and CD86, and little or no expression of CD16 and CD26. Two distinct subsets of bovine AMs were identified based on CD163 expression. Subsequent analysis showed that the CD163+ subset had greater expression of other typical macrophage molecules compared to the CD163- subset, suggesting that these cells may perform different roles during infection. The characterisation of the uninfected bovine AM phenotype will provide a foundation for the examination of M. bovis-infected AMs.","['D000818', 'D002417', 'D016676', 'D015214', 'D015703', 'D011956', 'D010641', 'D009163', 'D005434', 'D014380', 'D016130', 'D001992']"
38951577,Stomach as the target organ of Rickettsia heilongjiangensis infection in C57BL/6 mice identified by click chemistry.,"Spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) are obligate intracellular bacteria that cause spotted fever. The limitations of gene manipulation pose great challenges to studying the infection mechanisms of Rickettsia. By combining bioorthogonal metabolism and click chemistry, we developed a method to label R. heilongjiangensis via azide moieties and achieved rapid pathogen localization without complex procedures. Moreover, we constructed a C57BL/6 mice infection model by simulating tick bites and discovered that the stomach is the target organ of R. heilongjiangensis infection through in vivo imaging systems, which explained the occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms following R. heilongjiangensis infection in some cases. This study offers a unique perspective for subsequent investigations into the pathogenic mechanisms of SFGR and identifies a potential target organ for R. heilongjiangensis.","['D000818', 'D008810', 'D012281', 'D051379', 'D057930', 'D013270', 'D004195', 'D000073605', 'D005260', 'D012282', 'D001386']"
38951546,Exposure to Gulf war illness-related chemicals exacerbates alcohol-induced liver damage in rodents.,"Gulf War Illness (GWI) describes a series of symptoms suffered by veterans of the Gulf war, consisting of cognitive, neurological and gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Two chemicals associated with GWI are the insecticide permethrin (PER) and the nerve gas prophylactic pyridostigmine-bromide (PB). In this study we assessed the effects of PER and PB exposure on the pathology and subsequent alcohol (EtOH)-induced liver injury, and the influence of a macrophage depletor, PLX3397, on EtOH-induced liver damage in PER/PB-treated mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were injected daily with vehicle or PER/PB for 10 days, followed by 4 months recovery, then treatment with PLX3397 and a chronic-plus-single-binge EtOH challenge for 10 days. PER/PB exposure resulted in the protracted increase in liver transaminases in the serum and induced chronic low-level microvesicular steatosis and inflammation in GWI vs Naïve mice up to 4 months after cessation of exposure. Furthermore, prior exposure to PER/PB also resulted in exacerbated response to EtOH-induced liver injury, with enhanced steatosis, ductular reaction and fibrosis. The enhanced EtOH-induced liver damage in GWI-mice was attenuated by strategies designed to deplete macrophages in the liver. Taken together, these data suggest that exposure to GWI-related chemicals may alter the liver's response to subsequent ethanol exposure.","['D000818', 'D018923', 'D008297', 'D011729', 'D051379', 'D008810', 'D000431', 'D026023', 'D008099', 'D007306', 'D004195']"
38951272,Recombination of variable and host range regions of glycoprotein gp85 in different avian leukosis virus subgroup K isolates.,"Given the high prevalence of avian leukosis virus subgroup K (ALV-K) in chickens in China, the positive rate of ALV-K in local chickens in Henan province was investigated, and the genetic region encoding the glycoprotein gp85 of isolates from positive chickens was analyzed. The positive rate of ALV-K in local chickens in Henan was found to be 87.2% (41/47). Phylogenetic analysis of gp85 sequences revealed six clusters that differed in their host range regions (hr1 and hr2) and variable regions (vr1, vr2, and vr3). Evidence of recombination of hr1, hr2, vr1, vr2, and vr3 was observed between the different clusters. The isolate HN23LS02 appears to have obtained its hr1 and hr2 regions from separate lineages via recombination but without having a significant affect on the replication capacity of the virus.","['D000818', 'D001354', 'D002645', 'D010802', 'D001353', 'D014759', 'D011201', 'D058507', 'D002681', 'D011995']"
38951172,Delayed tumor-draining lymph node irradiation preserves the efficacy of combined radiotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade in models of metastatic disease.,"Cancer resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors motivated investigations into leveraging the immunostimulatory properties of radiotherapy to overcome immune evasion and to improve treatment response. However, clinical benefits of radiotherapy-immunotherapy combinations have been modest. Routine concomitant tumor-draining lymph node irradiation (DLN IR) might be the culprit. As crucial sites for generating anti-tumor immunity, DLNs are indispensable for the in situ vaccination effect of radiotherapy. Simultaneously, DLN sparing is often not feasible due to metastatic spread. Using murine models of metastatic disease in female mice, here we demonstrate that delayed (adjuvant), but not neoadjuvant, DLN IR overcomes the detrimental effect of concomitant DLN IR on the efficacy of radio-immunotherapy. Moreover, we identify IR-induced disruption of the CCR7-CCL19/CCL21 homing axis as a key mechanism for the detrimental effect of DLN IR. Our study proposes delayed DLN IR as a strategy to maximize the efficacy of radio-immunotherapy across different tumor types and disease stages.","['D000818', 'D000082082', 'D005260', 'D051379', 'D008198', 'D045744', 'D007167', 'D008810', 'D015182', 'D004195', 'D003131', 'D006801', 'D054400', 'D009362']"
38951127,Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound improves myocardial ischaemia‒reperfusion injury via migrasome-mediated mitocytosis.,"During myocardial ischaemia‒reperfusion injury (MIRI), the accumulation of damaged mitochondria could pose serious threats to the heart. The migrasomes, newly discovered mitocytosis-mediating organelles, selectively remove damaged mitochondria to provide mitochondrial quality control. Here, we utilised low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on MIRI mice model and demonstrated that LIPUS reduced the infarcted area and improved cardiac dysfunction. Additionally, we found that LIPUS alleviated MIRI-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. We provided new evidence that LIPUS mechanical stimulation facilitated damaged mitochondrial excretion via migrasome-dependent mitocytosis. Inhibition the formation of migrasomes abolished the protective effect of LIPUS on MIRI. Mechanistically, LIPUS induced the formation of migrasomes by evoking the RhoA/Myosin II/F-actin pathway. Meanwhile, F-actin activated YAP nuclear translocation to transcriptionally activate the mitochondrial motor protein KIF5B and Drp1, which are indispensable for LIPUS-induced mitocytosis. These results revealed that LIPUS activates mitocytosis, a migrasome-dependent mitochondrial quality control mechanism, to protect against MIRI, underlining LIPUS as a safe and potentially non-invasive treatment for MIRI.","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D015428', 'D004195', 'D000069453', 'D008297', 'D008810', 'D008928']"
38950371,Capturing alterations of intracellular-extracellular lactate distribution in the brain using diffusion-weighted MR spectroscopy in vivo.,"While the intracellular-extracellular distribution of lactate has been suggested to play a critical role in the healthy and diseased brain, tools are lacking to noninvasively probe lactate in intracellular and extracellular spaces. Here, we show that, by measuring the diffusion of lactate with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy in vivo and comparing it to the diffusion of purely intracellular metabolites, noninvasive quantification of extracellular and intracellular lactate fractions becomes possible. More specifically, we detect alterations of lactate diffusion in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Data modeling allows quantifying decreased extracellular lactate fraction in APP/PS1 mice as compared to controls, which is quantitatively confirmed with implanted enzyme-microelectrodes. The capability of diffusion-weighted MR spectroscopy to quantify extracellular-intracellular lactate fractions opens a window into brain metabolism, including in Alzheimer's disease.","['D000818', 'D019344', 'D000544', 'D001921', 'D051379', 'D008822', 'D038524', 'D005110', 'D004195', 'D009682', 'D008297', 'D016564']"
38950318,Evaluating the transmission dynamics and host competency of aoudad (Ammotragus lervia) experimentally infected with Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and leukotoxigenic Pasteurellaceae.,"Feral populations of aoudad (Ammotragus lervia) occur in Texas bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) habitat and pose several conceptual ecological threats to bighorn sheep re-establishment efforts. The potential threat of disease transmission from aoudad to bighorn sheep may exacerbate these issues, but the host competency of aoudad and subsequent pathophysiology and transmissibility of pneumonic pathogens involved in the bighorn sheep respiratory disease complex is largely unknown. Because the largest population-limiting diseases of bighorn sheep involve pathogens causing bronchopneumonia, we evaluated the host competency of aoudad for Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and leukotoxigenic Pasteurellaceae. Specifically, we described the shedding dynamics, pathogen carriage, seroconversion, clinical patterns, and pathological effects of experimental infection among wild aoudad held in captivity. We found that aoudad are competent hosts capable of maintaining and intraspecifically transmitting Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and Pasteurellaceae and can shed the bacteria for 53 days after exposure. Aoudad developed limited clinical signs and pathological findings ranged from mild chronic lymphohistiocytic bronchointerstitial pneumonia to severe and acute suppurative pneumonia, similarly, observed in bighorn sheep infected with Mycoplasma spp. and Pasteurellaceae bacteria, respectively. Furthermore, as expected, clinical signs and lesions were often more severe in aoudad inoculated with a combination of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and Pasteurellaceae as compared to aoudad inoculated with only Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae. There may be evidence of interindividual susceptibility, pathogenicity, and/or transmissibility, indicated by individual aoudad maintaining varying severities of chronic infection who may be carriers continuously shedding pathogens. This is the first study to date to demonstrate that aoudad are a conceptual disease transmission threat to sympatric bighorn sheep populations due to their host competency and intraspecific transmission capabilities.","['D000818', 'D045802', 'D015661', 'D011019', 'D012756', 'D034581', 'D012418', 'D012757', 'D016871', 'D005260']"
38950288,"Frameshift variants in C10orf71 cause dilated cardiomyopathy in human, mouse, and organoid models.","Research advances over the past 30 years have confirmed a critical role for genetics in the etiology of dilated cardiomyopathies (DCMs). However, full knowledge of the genetic architecture of DCM remains incomplete. We identified candidate DCM causal gene, C10orf71, in a large family with 8 patients with DCM by whole-exome sequencing. Four loss-of-function variants of C10orf71 were subsequently identified in an additional group of492 patients with sporadic DCM from 2 independent cohorts. C10orf71 was found to be an intrinsically disordered protein specifically expressed in cardiomyocytes. C10orf71-KO mice had abnormal heart morphogenesis during embryonic development and cardiac dysfunction as adults with altered expression and splicing of contractile cardiac genes. C10orf71-null cardiomyocytes exhibited impaired contractile function with unaffected sarcomere structure. Cardiomyocytes and heart organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells with C10orf71 frameshift variants also had contractile defects with normal electrophysiological activity. A rescue study using a cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, restored contractile function in C10orf71-KO mice. These data support C10orf71 as a causal gene for DCM by contributing to the contractile function of cardiomyocytes. Mutation-specific pathophysiology may suggest therapeutic targets and more individualized therapy.","['D006801', 'D000818', 'D002311', 'D051379', 'D032383', 'D018345', 'D016368', 'D009940', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D009200', 'D000328', 'D004195']"
38950052,Retrospective evaluation of radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction for hypertrophic turbinates in dogs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome.,The objective of this study was to retrospectively assess the effect of Radiofrequency Volumetric Tissue Reduction (RFVTR) on hypertrophic turbinates and clinical outcome in brachycephalic dogs when included in multi-level surgery (MLS).,"['D000818', 'D004285', 'D014420', 'D012189', 'D004283', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D015508', 'D006984', 'D014057', 'D016896', 'D000402']"
38950046,Comparing animal well-being between bile duct ligation models.,"A prevailing animal model currently used to study severe human diseases like obstructive cholestasis, primary biliary or sclerosing cholangitis, biliary atresia, and acute liver injury is the common bile duct ligation (cBDL). Modifications of this model include ligation of the left hepatic bile duct (pBDL) or ligation of the left bile duct with the corresponding left hepatic artery (pBDL+pAL). Both modifications induce cholestasis only in the left liver lobe. After induction of total or partial cholestasis in mice, the well-being of these animals was evaluated by assessing burrowing behavior, body weight, and a distress score. To compare the pathological features of these animal models, plasma levels of liver enzymes, bile acids, bilirubin, and within the liver tissue, necrosis, fibrosis, inflammation, as well as expression of genes involved in the synthesis or transport of bile acids were assessed. The survival rate of the animals and their well-being was comparable between pBDL+pAL and pBDL. However, surgical intervention by pBDL+pAL caused confluent necrosis and collagen depositions at the edge of necrotic tissue, whereas pBDL caused focal necrosis and fibrosis in between portal areas. Interestingly, pBDL animals had a higher survival rate and their well-being was significantly improved compared to cBDL animals. On day 14 after cBDL liver aspartate, as well as alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, glutamate dehydrogenase, bile acids, and bilirubin were significantly elevated, but only glutamate dehydrogenase activity was increased after pBDL. Thus, pBDL may be primarily used to evaluate local features such as inflammation and fibrosis or regulation of genes involved in bile acid synthesis or transport but does not allow to study all systemic features of cholestasis. The pBDL model also has the advantage that fewer mice are needed, because of its high survival rate, and that the well-being of the animals is improved compared to the cBDL animal model.","['D000818', 'D008026', 'D051379', 'D004195', 'D002779', 'D008099', 'D001652', 'D001647', 'D008297', 'D001663', 'D008810', 'D003135']"
38950025,Heligmosomoides bakeri and Toxoplasma gondii co-infection leads to increased mortality associated with changes in immune resistance in the lymphoid compartment and disease pathology.,"Co-infections are a common reality but understanding how the immune system responds in this context is complex and can be unpredictable. Heligmosomoides bakeri (parasitic roundworm, previously Heligmosomoides polygyrus) and Toxoplasma gondii (protozoan parasite) are well studied organisms that stimulate a characteristic Th2 and Th1 response, respectively. Several studies have demonstrated reduced inflammatory cytokine responses in animals co-infected with such organisms. However, while general cytokine signatures have been examined, the impact of the different cytokine producing lymphocytes on parasite control/clearance is not fully understood. We investigated five different lymphocyte populations (NK, NKT, γδ T, CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells), five organs (small intestine, Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen and liver), and 4 cytokines (IFN©, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13) at two different time points (days 5 and 10 post T. gondii infection). We found that co-infected animals had significantly higher mortality than either single infection. This was accompanied by transient and local changes in parasite loads and cytokine profiles. Despite the early changes in lymphocyte and cytokine profiles, severe intestinal pathology in co-infected mice likely contributed to early mortality due to significant damage by both parasites in the small intestine. Our work demonstrates the importance of taking a broad view during infection research, studying multiple cell types, organs/tissues and time points to link and/or uncouple immunological from pathological findings. Our results provide insights into how co-infection with parasites stimulating different arms of the immune system can lead to drastic changes in infection dynamics.","['D000818', 'D060085', 'D014122', 'D051379', 'D016207', 'D009351', 'D017206', 'D014123', 'D005260', 'D014124', 'D013154', 'D059208', 'D008221']"
38949695,Using the Zebrafish Larval Model of Infection to Investigate Antibiotic Efficacy and Combination Treatments Against Staphylococcus aureus.,"There is an increasing need for new treatment regimens to combat antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is a clinically important, opportunist pathogen that has developed resistance to a range of antibiotics. The zebrafish larval model of systemic disease has been increasingly utilized to elucidate S. aureus virulence mechanisms and host-pathogen interactions. Here, we outline how this model can be used to investigate the effects of different antibiotics alone and in combination against S. aureus.","['D000818', 'D015027', 'D000900', 'D013211', 'D007814', 'D013203', 'D004195', 'D004359', 'D054884', 'D008826']"
38949637,Solving the Myxidium rhodei (Myxozoa) puzzle: insights into its phylogeny and host specificity in Cypriniformes.,"Myxidium rhodei Léger, 1905 (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) is a kidney-infecting myxosporean that was originally described from the European bitterling Rhodeus amarus. Subsequently, it has been documented based on spore morphology in more than 40 other cypriniform species, with the roach Rutilus rutilus being the most commonly reported host. This study introduces the first comprehensive data assessment of M. rhodei, conducted through morphological, ecological and molecular methods. The morphological and phylogenetic analyses of SSU rDNA sequences of Myxidium isolates obtained from European bitterling and roach did not support parasite conspecificity from these fish. In fact, the roach-infecting isolates represent three distinct parasite species. The first two, M. rutili n. sp. and M. rutilusi n. sp., are closely related cryptic species clustering with other myxosporeans in the freshwater urinary clade, sharing the same tissue tropism. The third one, M. batuevae n. sp., previously assigned to M. cf. rhodei, clustered in the hepatic biliary clade sister to bitterling-infecting M. rhodei. Our examination of diverse cypriniform fishes, coupled with molecular and morphological analyses, allowed us to untangle the cryptic species nature of M. rhodei and discover the existence of novel species. This underscores the largely undiscovered range of myxozoan diversity and highlights the need to incorporate sequence data in diagnosing novel species.","['D000818', 'D055764', 'D010802', 'D010273', 'D005393', 'D058507', 'D003531', 'D004275', 'D007668', 'D003530']"
38949636,Cross-species transmission of Cryptosporidium in wild rodents from the southern region of Zhejiang Province of China and its possible impact on public health.,"Wild rodents serve as reservoirs for Cryptosporidium and are overpopulated globally. However, genetic data regarding Cryptosporidium in these animals from China are limited. Here, we have determined the prevalence and genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium among 370 wild rodents captured from three distinct locations in the southern region of Zhejiang Province, China. Fresh feces were collected from the rectum of each rodent, and DNA was extracted from them. The rodent species was identified by PCR amplifying the vertebrate cytochrome b gene. Cryptosporidium was detected by PCR amplification and amplicon sequencing the small subunit of ribosomal RNA gene. Positive samples of C. viatorum and C. parvum were further subtyped by analyzing the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene. A positive Cryptosporidium result was found in 7% (26/370) of samples, involving five rodent species: Apodemus agrarius (36), Niviventer niviventer (75), Rattus losea (18), R. norvegicus (155), and R. tanezumi (86). Their respective Cryptosporidium positive rates were 8.3%, 5.3%, 11.1%, 7.1%, and 7.0%. Sequence analysis confirmed the presence of three Cryptosporidium species: C. parvum (4), C. viatorum (1), and C. muris (1), and two genotypes: Cryptosporidium rat genotype IV (16) and C. mortiferum-like (4). Additionally, two subtypes of C. parvum (IIdA15G1 and IIpA19) and one subtype of C. viatorum (XVdA3) were detected. These results demonstrate that various wild rodent species in Zhejiang were concurrently infected with rodent-adapted and zoonotic species/genotypes of Cryptosporidium, indicating that these rodents can play a role in maintaining and dispersing this parasite into the environment and other hosts, including humans.","['D000818', 'D003457', 'D002681', 'D003458', 'D005243', 'D012376', 'D000835', 'D051381', 'D012377', 'D015995', 'D011634', 'D004197', 'D010802', 'D006801', 'D016054', 'D051189', 'D016133', 'D015047', 'D005838']"
38949633,GDF-15 Attenuates the Epithelium-Mesenchymal Transition and Alleviates TGFβ2-Induced Lens Opacity.,We sought to evaluate the efficacy of growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 treatment for suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and alleviating transforming growth factor β2 (TGFβ2)-induced lens opacity.,"['D000818', 'D058750', 'D053781', 'D055436', 'D002386', 'D051379', 'D007908', 'D008810', 'D002478', 'D004195', 'D004847', 'D015153', 'D055213']"
38949632,Protective Effect of Nicotinamide Riboside on Glucocorticoid-Induced Glaucoma: Mitigating Mitochondrial Damage and Extracellular Matrix Deposition.,"Glucocorticoid-induced glaucoma (GIG) is a prevalent complication associated with glucocorticoids (GCs), resulting in irreversible blindness. GIG is characterized by the abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the trabecular meshwork (TM), elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP), and loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of nicotinamide riboside (NR) on TM in GIG.","['D000818', 'D009536', 'D011726', 'D005938', 'D008810', 'D008928', 'D051379', 'D005901', 'D005109', 'D007429', 'D006801', 'D004195', 'D014129', 'D002478', 'D012165', 'D017382', 'D003907', 'D008297']"
38949427,Evaluation of commercial ELISA kits' diagnostic specificity for FAST diseases in wild animals.,"Wild animals, sharing pathogens with domestic animals, play a crucial role in the epidemiology of infectious diseases. Sampling from wild animals poses significant challenges, yet it is vital for inclusion in disease surveillance and monitoring programmes. Often, mass surveillance involves serological screenings using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests, typically validated only for domestic animals. This study assessed the diagnostic specificity of commercially available ELISA tests on 342 wild ruminant serum samples and 100 from wild boars. We evaluated three tests for foot-and-mouth disease: two for Peste des petits ruminants, two for Rift Valley fever and one for Capripox virus. Diagnostic specificity was calculated using the formula True Negative/(False Positive + True Negative). Cohen's kappa coefficient measured agreement between tests. Results showed high specificity and agreement across all tests. Specificity for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) ranged from 93.89% for Prionics to 100% for IDEXX, with IDvet showing 99.6%. The highest agreement was between FMD IDvet and IDEXX at 97.1%. Rift Valley fever (RVF) tests, Ingezim and IDvet, achieved specificities of 100% and 98.83%, respectively. The optimal specificity was attained by retesting single reactors and inactivating the complement.Contribution: Commercially available ELISA kits are specific for foot-and-mouth disease and similar transboundary animal diseases and can be used for highly specific wild animal testing.","['D000818', 'D004797', 'D000835', 'D012680', 'D005536', 'D012295', 'D034421', 'D012418', 'D000914']"
38949319,A Murine Model of Pressure Overload-Induced Right Ventricular Hypertrophy and Failure by Pulmonary Trunk Banding.,"Right ventricular (RV) failure caused by pressure overload is strongly associated with morbidity and mortality in a number of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. The pathogenesis of RV failure is complex and remains inadequately understood. To identify new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of RV failure, robust and reproducible animal models are essential. Models of pulmonary trunk banding (PTB) have gained popularity, as RV function can be assessed independently of changes in the pulmonary vasculature. In this paper, we present a murine model of RV pressure overload induced by PTB in 5-week-old mice. The model can be used to induce different degrees of RV pathology, ranging from mild RV hypertrophy to decompensated RV failure. Detailed protocols for intubation, PTB surgery, and phenotyping by echocardiography are included in the paper. Furthermore, instructions for customizing instruments for intubation and PTB surgery are given, enabling fast and inexpensive reproduction of the PTB model. Titanium ligating clips were used to constrict the pulmonary trunk, ensuring a highly reproducible and operator-independent degree of pulmonary trunk constriction. The severity of PTB was graded by using different inner ligating clip diameters (mild: 450 µm and severe: 250 µm). This resulted in RV pathology ranging from hypertrophy with preserved RV function to decompensated RV failure with reduced cardiac output and extracardiac manifestations. RV function was assessed by echocardiography at 1 week and 3 weeks after surgery. Examples of echocardiographic images and results are presented here. Furthermore, results from right heart catheterization and histological analyses of cardiac tissue are shown.","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D004195', 'D017380', 'D011651', 'D006333', 'D018497', 'D008297', 'D004452', 'D008810']"
38949318,Assessing Functional Recovery of Eupneic Diaphragm Activity Following Unilateral Cervical Spinal Cord Injury in Rats.,"Following cSCI, activation of the DIAm can be impacted depending on the extent of the injury. The present manuscript describes a unilateral C2 hemisection (C2SH) model of cSCI that disrupts eupneic ipsilateral diaphragm (iDIAm) electromyographic (EMG) activity during breathing in rats. To evaluate recovery of DIAm motor control, the extent of deficit due to C2SH must first be clearly established. By verifying a complete initial loss of iDIAm EMG during breathing, subsequent recovery can be classified as either absent or present, and the extent of recovery can be estimated using the EMG amplitude. Additionally, by measuring the continued absence of iDIAm EMG activity during breathing after the acute spinal shock period following C2SH, the success of the initial C2SH may be validated. Measuring contralateral diaphragm (cDIAm) EMG activity can provide information about the compensatory effects of C2SH, which also reflects neuroplasticity. Moreover, DIAm EMG recordings from awake animals can provide vital physiological information about the motor control of the DIAm after C2SH. This article describes a method for a rigorous, reproducible, and reliable C2SH model of cSCI in rats, which is an excellent platform for studying respiratory neuroplasticity, compensatory cDIAm activity, and therapeutic strategies and pharmaceuticals.","['D000818', 'D051381', 'D013119', 'D003964', 'D004576', 'D020127', 'D066193', 'D017207', 'D004195']"
38949310,A Preclinical Model of Sepsis-Induced Myopathy with Disuse in Mice.,"Sepsis is a major cause of in-hospital deaths. Improvements in treatment result in a greater number of sepsis survivors. Approximately 75% of the survivors develop muscle weakness and atrophy, increasing the incidence of hospital readmissions and mortality. However, the available preclinical models of sepsis do not address skeletal muscle disuse, a key component for the development of sepsis-induced myopathy. Our objective in this protocol is to provide a step-by-step guideline for a mouse model that reproduces the clinical setting experienced by a bedridden septic patient. Male C57Bl/6 mice were used to develop this model. Mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce sepsis. Four days post-CLP, mice were subjected to hindlimb suspension (HLS) for seven days. Results were compared with sham-matched surgeries and/or animals with normal ambulation (NA). Muscles were dissected for in vitro muscle mechanics and morphological assessments. The model results in marked muscle atrophy and weakness, a similar phenotype observed in septic patients. The model represents a platform for testing potential therapeutic strategies for the mitigation of sepsis-induced myopathy.","['D000818', 'D018805', 'D051379', 'D004195', 'D008297', 'D008810', 'D009135', 'D009133', 'D018482', 'D019417']"
38949212,"Near full-length genome analysis of HEV 4b subtype in pigs showed a similarity up to 99.944% compared to a patient in Guangdong province, China.","Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a prevalent pathogen responsible for acute viral hepatitis, HEV genotypes 3 and 4 infections causing zoonotic infections. Currently, the nucleotide similarity analysis between humans and pigs for HEV genotype 4 is limited. In this study, stool samples from an HEV-infected patient who is a pig farmer and from pigs were collected to obtain the near full-length genome of HEV, phylogenetic trees were constructed for genotyping, and similarity of HEV sequences was analyzed. The results showed that HEV-RNA was detected in the stool samples from the patient and six pigs (6/30, 20.0%). Both HEV subtype in the patient and pigs was 4b. Additionally, similarity analysis showed that the range was 99.875%-99.944% between the patient and pigs at the nucleotide level. Four isolates of amino acid sequences (ORFs 1-3) from pigs were 100% identical to the patient. Phylogenetic tree and similarity analysis of an additional nine HEV sequences isolated from other patients in this region showed that the HEV sequence from the pig farmer had the closest relationship with the pigs from his farm rather than other sources of infection in this region. This study provides indirect evidences for HEV subtype 4b can be transmitted from pigs to humans at the nucleotide level. Further research is needed to explore the characteristics of different HEV subtypes.","['D000818', 'D016752', 'D013552', 'D010802', 'D016751', 'D002681', 'D016679', 'D006801', 'D005243', 'D013553', 'D005838', 'D012367', 'D008297', 'D017422']"
38949157,An exploratory deep learning approach to investigate tuberculosis pathogenesis in nonhuman primate model: Combining automated radiological analysis with clinical and biomarkers data.,"Tuberculosis (TB) kills approximately 1.6 million people yearly despite the fact anti-TB drugs are generally curative. Therefore, TB-case detection and monitoring of therapy, need a comprehensive approach. Automated radiological analysis, combined with clinical, microbiological, and immunological data, by machine learning (ML), can help achieve it.","['D000818', 'D008253', 'D000077321', 'D015415', 'D009169', 'D014057', 'D014376', 'D004195', 'D014397', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008168', 'D008992']"
38949079,Leveraging human-mouse studies to advance the genetics of hearing impairment in Africa.,"Mouse models are used extensively to understand human pathobiology and mechanistic functions of disease-associated loci. However, in this review, we investigate the potential of using genetic mouse models to identify genetic markers that can disrupt hearing thresholds in mice and then target the hearing-enriched orthologues and loci in humans. Currently, little is known about the real prevalence of genes that cause hearing impairment (HI) in Africa. Pre-screening mouse cell lines to identify orthologues of interest has the potential to improve the genetic diagnosis for HI in Africa to a significant percentage, for example, 10-20%. Furthermore, the functionality of a candidate gene derived from mouse screening with heterogeneous genetic backgrounds and multi-omic approaches can shed light on the molecular, genetic heterogeneity and plausible mode of inheritance of a gene in hearing-impaired individuals especially in the absence of large families to investigate.","['D000818', 'D006801', 'D051379', 'D034381', 'D004195', 'D000349', 'D020022']"
38949053,Characteristics of unilateral and bilateral bovine twin foetuses.,"Twin pregnancy in cattle is undesirable for a number of reasons, including a higher abortion risk compared to pregnancies with a single foetus. Yet, the abortion risk is significantly influenced by the intrauterine location of the foetuses, that is, the abortion risk is several times higher if they are implanted in the same uterine horn (unilateral twin pregnancy) than if they are implanted with one foetus in each uterine horn (bilateral twin pregnancy). The reason for the higher abortion risk in unilateral twin pregnancies is unknown, but it may be related to malnutrition of the outermost foetus due to a limited placental capacity, as is the case for equine twin foetuses. A slaughterhouse study was performed and the foetuses of cattle pregnant with twins were measured. We identified 65 cases of twin pregnancies, of which 35 were unilateral twin pregnancies and 30 were bilateral twin pregnancies. There was no significant difference between the outermost and the more centrally located foetus in unilateral twin pregnancies in terms of body weight and length of the metacarpal diaphysis. Growth retardation of the outermost foetus could therefore not be confirmed as the cause of the higher abortion risk in unilateral bovine twin pregnancies. Four cases of pre-slaughter foetal mortality were identified. In three of these cases, both twins were dead, of equal size and at a comparable level of degradation. In the fourth case, with approximately 40-day-old twin foetuses of equal size, only one of the foetuses showed signs of pre-slaughter death.","['D000818', 'D002417', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D000034', 'D005333', 'D059285', 'D011272', 'D005313', 'D002418', 'D014427']"
38949023,Cystic fibrosis-related metabolic defects: crosstalk between ion channels and organs.,"Cystic fibrosis is a debilitating disease characterized by a poor medical prognosis due to devastating lung injury. Recent medical advances targeting the major genetic mutation ΔF508 of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein have dramatically increased the lifespan of patients with this mutation. This development has led to major changes in the field and has pushed research beyond the ion transport nature of cystic fibrosis and toward multiorgan physiological reprogramming. In this issue of the JCI, Bae, Kim, and colleagues utilized a large animal pig model prior to the onset of disease. They revealed metabolic reprogramming and organ crosstalk that occurred prior to disease progression. These findings provide paradigm-shifting insight into this complex disease.","['D003550', 'D000818', 'D006801', 'D019005', 'D013552', 'D004195']"
38948290,[Relationship Between the Migration of Endogenous Neural Stem Cells and the Pattern of Change in Immune Cell Phenotypes in the Microenvironment After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats].,"Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the second most common type of stroke, can cause long-lasting disability in the afflicted patients. The study was conducted to examine the patterns of change in endogenous neural stem cells (eNSCs) and in the regenerative microenvironment after ICH, to observe the relationship between the migration of eNSCs and the pattern of change in the polarization state of immune cells in the microenvironment, and provide a research basis for research on clinical nerve repair.","['D000818', 'D017207', 'D002543', 'D051381', 'D005260', 'D000089662', 'D058953', 'D002465', 'D004195', 'D010641', 'D001921', 'D008264']"
38948070,FUNDC1 alleviates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by restoring mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum contacts and blocked autophagic flux.,"Rationale: Autophagy dysregulation is known to be a mechanism of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). Mitochondrial-Endoplasmic Reticulum Contacts (MERCs) are where autophagy initiates and autophagosomes form. However, the role of MERCs in autophagy dysregulation in DIC remains elusive. FUNDC1 is a tethering protein of MERCs. We aim to investigate the effect of DOX on MERCs in cardiomyocytes and explore whether it is involved in the dysregulated autophagy in DIC. Methods: We employed confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to assess MERCs structure. Autophagic flux was analyzed using the mCherry-EGFP-LC3B fluorescence assay and western blotting for LC3BII. Mitophagy was studied through the mCherry-EGFP-FIS1 fluorescence assay and colocalization analysis between LC3B and mitochondria. A total dose of 18 mg/kg of doxorubicin was administrated in mice to construct a DIC model in vivo. Additionally, we used adeno-associated virus (AAV) to cardiac-specifically overexpress FUNDC1. Cardiac function and remodeling were evaluated by echocardiography and Masson's trichrome staining, respectively. Results: DOX blocked autophagic flux by inhibiting autophagosome biogenesis, which could be attributed to the downregulation of FUNDC1 and disruption of MERCs structures. FUNDC1 overexpression restored the blocked autophagosome biogenesis by maintaining MERCs structure and facilitating ATG5-ATG12/ATG16L1 complex formation without altering mitophagy. Furthermore, FUNDC1 alleviated DOX-induced oxidative stress and cardiomyocytes deaths in an autophagy-dependent manner. Notably, cardiac-specific overexpression of FUNDC1 protected DOX-treated mice against adverse cardiac remodeling and improved cardiac function. Conclusions: In summary, our study identified that FUNDC1-meditated MERCs exerted a cardioprotective effect against DIC by restoring the blocked autophagosome biogenesis. Importantly, this research reveals a novel role of FUNDC1 in enhancing macroautophagy via restoring MERCs structure and autophagosome biogenesis in the DIC model, beyond its previously known regulatory role as an mitophagy receptor.","['D000818', 'D004317', 'D051379', 'D001343', 'D066126', 'D032383', 'D004721', 'D008565', 'D024101', 'D008928', 'D063306', 'D008297', 'D000071182', 'D008810', 'D004195']"
38948067,Extracellular vesicles from apoptotic BMSCs ameliorate osteoporosis via transporting regenerative signals.,"Rationale: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are considered a promising resource for cell therapy, exhibiting efficacy in ameliorating diverse bone diseases. However, most MSCs undergo apoptosis shortly after transplantation and produce apoptotic extracellular vesicles (ApoEVs). This study aims to clarify the potential role of ApoEVs from apoptotic MSCs in ameliorating osteoporosis and molecular mechanism. Methods: In this study, Dio-labeled bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were injected into mice to track BMSCs apoptosis and ApoEVs production. ApoEVs were isolated from BMSCs after inducing apoptosis, the morphology, size distribution, marker proteins expression of ApoEVs were characterized. Protein mass spectrometry analysis revealed functional differences in proteins between ApoEVs and BMSCs. BMSCs were adopted to test the cellular response to ApoEVs. Ovariectomy mice were used to further compare the ability of ApoEVs in promoting bone formation. SiRNA and lentivirus were used for gain and loss-of-function assay. Results: The results showed that BMSCs underwent apoptosis within 2 days after being injected into mice and produce a substantial quantity of ApoEVs. Proteomic analysis revealed that ApoEVs carried a diverse functional array of proteins, and easily traversed the circulation to reach the bone. After being phagocytized by endogenous BMSCs, ApoEVs efficiently promoted the proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In an osteoporosis mouse model, treatment of ApoEVs alleviated bone loss and promoted bone formation. Mechanistically, ApoEVs carried Ras protein and activated the Ras/Raf1/Mek/Erk pathway to promote osteogenesis and bone formation in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: Given that BMSC-derived ApoEVs are high-yield and easily obtained, our data underscore the substantive role of ApoEVs from dying BMSCs to treat bone loss, presenting broad implications for cell-free therapeutic modalities.","['D000818', 'D000067128', 'D059630', 'D010024', 'D017209', 'D051379', 'D005260', 'D010012', 'D002454', 'D045164', 'D049109', 'D008810', 'D004195', 'D010052', 'D040901', 'D015398']"
38948066,Chronic stress dysregulates the Hippo/YAP/14-3-3η pathway and induces mitochondrial damage in basolateral amygdala in a mouse model of depression.,"Rationale: Recent evidence highlights the pivotal role of mitochondrial dysfunction in mood disorders, but the mechanism involved remains unclear. We studied whether the Hippo/YAP/14-3-3η signaling pathway mediates mitochondrial abnormalities that result in the onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) in a mouse model. Methods: The ROC algorithm was used to identify a subpopulation of mice that were exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and exhibited the most prominent depressive phenotype (Dep). Electron microscopy, biochemical assays, quantitative PCR, and immunoblotting were used to evaluate synaptic and mitochondrial changes in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). RNA sequencing was used to explore changes in the Hippo pathway and downstream target genes. In vitro pharmacological inhibition and immunoprecipitation was used to confirm YAP/14-3-3η interaction and its role in neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction. We used virus-mediated gene overexpression and knockout in YAP transgenic mice to verify the regulatory effect of the Hippo/YAP/14-3-3η pathway on depressive-like behavior. Results: Transcriptomic data identified a large number of genes and signaling pathways that were specifically altered from the BLA of Dep mice. Dep mice showed notable synaptic impairment in BLA neurons, as well as mitochondrial damage characterized by abnormal mitochondrial morphology, compromised function, impaired biogenesis, and alterations in mitochondrial marker proteins. The Hippo signaling pathway was activated in Dep mice during CUMS, and the transcriptional regulatory activity of YAP was suppressed by phosphorylation of its Ser127 site. 14-3-3η was identified as an important co-regulatory factor of the Hippo/YAP pathway, as it can respond to chronic stress and regulate cytoplasmic retention of YAP. Importantly, the integrated Hippo/YAP/14-3-3η pathway mediated neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction and depressive behavior in Dep mice. Conclusion: The integrated Hippo/YAP/14-3-3η pathway in the BLA neuron is critical in mediating depressive-like behaviors in mice, suggesting a causal role for this pathway in susceptibility to chronic stress-induced depression. This pathway therefore may present a therapeutic target against mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic impairment in MDD.","['D000818', 'D004195', 'D051379', 'D008928', 'D000091102', 'D015398', 'D000090683', 'D066272', 'D017346', 'D008297', 'D013315', 'D048948', 'D048868', 'D003865', 'D003863', 'D008810', 'D009474', 'D008822']"
38948065,Targeting endothelial glycolytic reprogramming by tsRNA-1599 for ocular anti-angiogenesis therapy.,"Rationale: Current treatments for ocular angiogenesis primarily focus on blocking the activity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but unfavorable side effects and unsatisfactory efficacy remain issues. The identification of novel targets for anti-angiogenic treatment is still needed. Methods: We investigated the role of tsRNA-1599 in ocular angiogenesis using endothelial cells, a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic model, a laser-induced choroidal neovascularization model, and an oxygen-induced retinopathy model. CCK-8 assays, EdU assays, transwell assays, and matrigel assays were performed to assess the role of tsRNA-1599 in endothelial cells. Retinal digestion assays, Isolectin B4 (IB4) staining, and choroidal sprouting assays were conducted to evaluate the role of tsRNA-1599 in ocular angiogenesis. Transcriptomic analysis, metabolic analysis, RNA pull-down assays, and mass spectrometry were utilized to elucidate the mechanism underlying angiogenic effects mediated by tsRNA-1599. Results: tsRNA-1599 expression was up-regulated in experimental ocular angiogenesis models and endothelial cells in response to angiogenic stress. Silencing of tsRNA-1599 suppressed angiogenic effects in endothelial cells in vitro and inhibited pathological ocular angiogenesis in vivo. Mechanistically, tsRNA-1599 exhibited little effect on VEGF signaling but could cause reduced glycolysis and NAD+/NADH production in endothelial cells by regulating the expression of HK2 gene through interacting with YBX1, thus affecting endothelial effects. Conclusions: Targeting glycolytic reprogramming of endothelial cells by a tRNA-derived small RNA represents an exploitable therapeutic approach for ocular neovascular diseases.","['D000818', 'D006019', 'D051379', 'D042783', 'D020256', 'D006801', 'D051840', 'D020533', 'D006593', 'D003921', 'D008810', 'D008297', 'D004195', 'D009389', 'D042461', 'D003930', 'D061307', 'D058727']"
38948060,Sleep deprivation causes gut dysbiosis impacting on systemic metabolomics leading to premature ovarian insufficiency in adolescent mice.,"Rationale: Currently, there are occasional reports of health problems caused by sleep deprivation (SD). However, to date, there remains a lack of in-depth research regarding the effects of SD on the growth and development of oocytes in females. The present work aimed to investigate whether SD influences ovarian folliculogenesis in adolescent female mice. Methods: Using a dedicated device, SD conditions were established in 3-week old female mice (a critical stage of follicular development) for 6 weeks and gut microbiota and systemic metabolomics were analyzed. Analyses were related to parameters of folliculogenesis and reproductive performance of SD females. Results: We found that the gut microbiota and systemic metabolomics were severely altered in SD females and that these were associated with parameters of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). These included increased granulosa cell apoptosis, reduced numbers of primordial follicles (PmFs), correlation with decreased AMH, E2, and increased LH in blood serum, and a parallel increased number of growing follicles and changes in protein expression compatible with PmF activation. SD also reduced oocyte maturation and reproductive performance. Notably, fecal microbial transplantation from SD females into normal females induced POI parameters in the latter while niacinamide (NAM) supplementation alleviated such symptoms in SD females. Conclusion: Gut microbiota and alterations in systemic metabolomics caused by SD induced POI features in juvenile females that could be counteracted with NAM supplementation.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D016649', 'D000069196', 'D051379', 'D064806', 'D055432', 'D012892', 'D006080', 'D009865', 'D000069467', 'D004195', 'D017209']"
38948019,Exploring the effects of taurolidine on tumor weight and microvessel density in a murine model of osteosarcoma.,"Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant primary bone tumor. The prognosis for patients with disseminated disease remains very poor despite recent advancements in chemotherapy. Moreover, current treatment regimens bear a significant risk of serious side effects. Thus, there is an unmet clinical need for effective therapies with improved safety profiles. Taurolidine is an antibacterial agent that has been shown to induce cell death in different types of cancer cell lines.","['D000818', 'D013654', 'D013829', 'D012516', 'D051379', 'D004195', 'D001859', 'D047368', 'D000082644', 'D008807', 'D045744', 'D000970', 'D020533', 'D006801', 'D009389']"
38947333,Potential of mRNA-based vaccines for the control of tick-borne pathogens in one health perspective.,"The One Health approach, which integrates the health of humans, animals, plants, and ecosystems at various levels, is crucial for addressing interconnected health threats. This is complemented by the advent of mRNA vaccines, which have revolutionized disease prevention. They offer broad-spectrum effectiveness and can be rapidly customized to target specific pathogens. Their utility extends beyond human medicine, showing potential in veterinary practices to control diseases and reduce the risk of zoonotic transmissions. This review place mRNA vaccines and One Health in the context of tick-borne diseases. The potential of these vaccines to confer cross-species immunity is significant, potentially disrupting zoonotic disease transmission cycles and protecting the health of both humans and animals, while reducing tick populations, infestations and circulation of pathogens. The development and application of mRNA vaccines for tick and tick-borne pathogens represent a comprehensive strategy in global health, fostering a healthier ecosystem for all species in our interconnected world.","['D000818', 'D006801', 'D017282', 'D013987', 'D000087503', 'D000074823', 'D015047', 'D012333', 'D014614']"
38947329,"Erythrocytes of the common carp are immune sentinels that sense pathogen molecular patterns, engulf particles and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines against bacterial infection.","Red blood cells (RBCs), also known as erythrocytes, are underestimated in their role in the immune system. In mammals, erythrocytes undergo maturation that involves the loss of nuclei, resulting in limited transcription and protein synthesis capabilities. However, the nucleated nature of non-mammalian RBCs is challenging this conventional understanding of RBCs. Notably, in bony fishes, research indicates that RBCs are not only susceptible to pathogen attacks but express immune receptors and effector molecules. However, given the abundance of RBCs and their interaction with every physiological system, we postulate that they act in surveillance as sentinels, rapid responders, and messengers.","['D000818', 'D002347', 'D004912', 'D016207', 'D016980', 'D016905', 'D005393', 'D010587', 'D000069452', 'D007113']"
38947320,Interleukin-17 directly stimulates tumor infiltrating Tregs to prevent cancer development.,"Interleukin-17 (IL-17) family cytokines promote protective inflammation for pathogen resistance, but also facilitate autoimmunity and tumor development. A direct signal of IL-17 to regulatory T cells (Tregs) has not been reported and may help explain these dichotomous responses.","['D000818', 'D050378', 'D020381', 'D051379', 'D018345', 'D006801', 'D053722', 'D015179', 'D016246', 'D058504', 'D008810', 'D015398', 'D004195']"
38947318,Inhalation of nicotine-containing electronic cigarette vapor exacerbates the features of COPD by inducing ferroptosis in βENaC-overexpressing mice.,"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is currently listed as the 3rd leading cause of death in the United States. Accumulating data shows the association between COPD occurrence and the usage of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in patients. However, the underlying pathogenesis mechanisms of COPD have not been fully understood.","['D000818', 'D000079403', 'D029424', 'D051379', 'D009538', 'D000079522', 'D004195', 'D016207', 'D008810', 'D066300', 'D008297', 'D008822']"
38947101,Therapeutic Potential of Nitrogen-Doped Rutin-Bound Glucose Carbon Dots for Alzheimer's Disease.,"The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents the use of many drugs for the treatment of neurological disorders. Recently, nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) have emerged as promising nanocarriers to cross BBB. The primary focus of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of NCDs for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we developed and characterized NCDs bound to rutin, a flavonoid with known benefits for AD. Despite its benefits, the transportation of rutin via NCDs for AD therapy has not been explored previously. We characterized the particles using FTIR and UV-visible spectroscopy followed by atomic force microscopy. Once the design was optimized and validated, we performed in vivo testing via a hemolytic assay to optimize the dosage. Preliminary in vitro testing was performed in AlCl3-induced rat models of AD whereby a single dose of 10 mg/kg NCDs-rutin was administered intraperitoneally. Interestingly, this single dose of 10 mg/kg NCDs-rutin produced the same behavioral effects as 50 mg/kg rutin administered intraperitoneally for 1 month. Similarly, histological and biomarker profiles (SOD2 and TLR4) also presented significant protective effects of NCDs-rutin against neuronal loss, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Hence, NCDs-rutin are a promising approach for the treatment of neurological diseases.","['D012431', 'D000818', 'D000544', 'D002244', 'D009584', 'D051381', 'D005947', 'D008297', 'D045663', 'D004195', 'D018384', 'D006801']"
38956174,The effect of pollen monodiets on fat body morphology parameters and energy substrate levels in the fat body and hemolymph of Apis mellifera L. workers.,"Human activities associated with large-scale farms and the monocultures expose honey bees to one type of food. Moreover, there is an ongoing decline of plant species producing pollen and nectar in Europe. A poorly balanced diet affects a number of processes occurring in a bee's body. The fat body and hemolymph are the tissues that participate in all of them. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the effect of hazel, pine, rapeseed, buckwheat, phacelia and goldenrod pollen on the morphological parameters of fat body trophocytes, the diameters of cell nuclei in oenocytes and the concentrations of compounds involved in energy metabolism (glucose, glycogen, triglycerides and protein). In the cage tests, the bees were fed from the first day of life with sugar candy (control group) or candy with a 10% addition of one of the 6 pollen types. Hemolymph and fat body from various locations were collected from 1-, 7- and 14-day-old workers. Pollen produced by plant species such as hazel and pine increased glucose concentrations in the bee tissues, especially in the hemolymph. It can therefore be concluded that they are valuable sources of energy (in the form of simple carbohydrates) which are quickly used by bees. Pollen from plants blooming in the summer and autumn increased the concentrations of proteins, glycogen and triglycerides in the fat body, especially that from the third tergite. The accumulation of these compounds was associated with an increased the length and width of trophocytes as well as with enhanced metabolic activity, which was evidenced in the increasing diameter of oenocyte cell nuclei. It seems a balanced multi-pollen diet is more valuable for bees, but it is important to understand the effects of the particular pollen types in the context of a mono-diet. In the future, this will make it possible to produce mixtures that can ensure homeostasis in the apian body.","['D001516', 'D000818', 'D011058', 'D006458', 'D005216', 'D004734', 'D006003', 'D005947']"
38955744,[Furry animal allergen components diagnosis: identification of main components and clinical management strategies].,"Furry animal allergens, particularly cat and dog hair and dander, are common allergens in indoor environments, affecting the health of people world widely. Key sensitizing components such as Fel d 1 from cats and Can f 1 from dogs have been extensively studied and identified by the scientific community. Component resolved diagnosis (CRD) technology in modern diagnostic methods provides an accurate way to identify and distinguish these components, which is extremely important for the prevention of furry animal allergies and the formulation of personalized treatment strategies. To enhance the understanding of furry animal component diagnosis and promote the alignment of the Chinese discipline of allergology with international standards, this article interprets and explains the content of the ""Molecular Allergology User's Guide 2.0"" recently released by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. It focuses on the epidemiological characteristics of furry animal components, the diversity of allergen protein families, and their clinical diagnosis and management.","['D000485', 'D000818', 'D002415', 'D006967', 'D004285', 'D000076203']"
38955432,Transient enhancement of stimulus-evoked activity in neocortex during sensory learning.,"Synaptic potentiation has been linked to learning in sensory cortex, but the connection between this potentiation and increased sensory-evoked neural activity is not clear. Here, we used longitudinal in vivo Ca2+ imaging in the barrel cortex of awake mice to test the hypothesis that increased excitatory synaptic strength during the learning of a whisker-dependent sensory-association task would be correlated with enhanced stimulus-evoked firing. To isolate stimulus-evoked responses from dynamic, task-related activity, imaging was performed outside of the training context. Although prior studies indicate that multiwhisker stimuli drive robust subthreshold activity, we observed sparse activation of L2/3 pyramidal (Pyr) neurons in both control and trained mice. Despite evidence for excitatory synaptic strengthening at thalamocortical and intracortical synapses in this brain area at the onset of learning-indeed, under our imaging conditions thalamocortical axons were robustly activated-we observed that L2/3 Pyr neurons in somatosensory (barrel) cortex displayed only modest increases in stimulus-evoked activity that were concentrated at the onset of training. Activity renormalized over longer training periods. In contrast, when stimuli and rewards were uncoupled in a pseudotraining paradigm, stimulus-evoked activity in L2/3 Pyr neurons was significantly suppressed. These findings indicate that sensory-association training but not sensory stimulation without coupled rewards may briefly enhance sensory-evoked activity, a phenomenon that might help link sensory input to behavioral outcomes at the onset of learning.","['D000818', 'D014738', 'D019579', 'D051379', 'D013003', 'D008297', 'D017966', 'D008810', 'D005260', 'D001245']"
38955226,Earliest evidence of avian primary feather moult.,"Feather moulting is a crucial process in the avian life cycle, which evolved to maintain plumage functionality. However, moulting involves both energetic and functional costs. During moulting, plumage function temporarily decreases between the shedding of old feathers and the full growth of new ones. In flying taxa, a gradual and sequential replacement of flight feathers evolved to maintain aerodynamic capabilities during the moulting period. Little is known about the moult strategies of non-avian pennaraptoran dinosaurs and stem birds, before the emergence of crown lineage. Here, we report on two Early Cretaceous pygostylian birds from the Yixian Formation (125 mya), probably referable to Confuciusornithiformes, exhibiting morphological characteristics that suggest a gradual and sequential moult of wing flight feathers. Short primary feathers interpreted as immature are symmetrically present on both wings, as is typical among extant flying birds. Our survey of the enormous collection of the Tianyu Museum confirms previous findings that evidence of active moult in non-neornithine pennaraptorans is rare and likely indicates a moult cycle greater than one year. Documenting moult in Mesozoic feathered dinosaurs is critical for understanding their ecology, locomotor ability and the evolution of this important life-history process in birds.","['D000818', 'D005241', 'D005580', 'D001717', 'D018978', 'D005075', 'D025061', 'D005426', 'D002681', 'D014921']"
38955224,Decoupled evolution of ventral and dorsal scales in agamid lizards: ventral keels are associated with arboreality.,"Arboreality has evolved in all major vertebrate lineages and is often associated with morphological adaptations and increased diversification concomitant with accessing novel niche space. In squamate reptiles, foot, claw, and tail morphology are well-studied adaptations shown to be associated with transitions to arboreality. Here, we examined a less well understood trait-the keeled scale-in relation to microhabitat, climate, and diversification dynamics across a diverse lizard radiation, Agamidae. We found that the ancestral agamid had keeled dorsal but not ventral scales; further, dorsal and ventral keels are evolutionarily decoupled. Ventral keeled scales evolved repeatedly in association with arboreality and may be advantageous in reducing wear or by promoting interlocking when climbing. We did not find an association between keeled scales and diversification, suggesting keels do not allow finer-scale microhabitat partitioning observed in other arboreal-associated traits. We additionally found a relationship between keeled ventral scales and precipitation in terrestrial species where we posit that the keels may function to reduce scale degradation. Our results suggest that keeled ventral scales facilitated transitions to arboreality across agamid lizards, and highlight a need for future studies that explore their biomechanical function in relation to microhabitat and climate.","['D000818', 'D008116', 'D005075', 'D017753', 'D000075342', 'D010802', 'D002980']"
38955223,Distinct molecular profile of the chick organizer as a stem zone during axial elongation.,"The vertebrate organizer plays a crucial role in building the main (antero-posterior) axis of the embryo: it neuralizes the surrounding ectoderm, and is the site of emigration for cells making axial and paraxial mesendoderm during elongation. The chick organizer becomes a stem zone at the onset of elongation; it stops recruiting cells from the neighbouring ectoderm and generates all its derivatives from the small number of resident cells it contains at the end of gastrulation stages. Nothing is known about the molecular identity of this stem zone. Here, we specifically labelled long-term resident cells of the organizer and compared their RNA-seq profile to that of the neighbouring cell populations. Screening by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization identified four genes (WIF1, PTGDS, ThPO and UCKL1) that are upregulated only in the organizer region when it becomes a stem zone and remain expressed there during axial elongation. In experiments specifically labelling the resident cells of the mature organizer, we show that only these cells express these genes. These findings molecularly define the organizer as a stem zone and offer a key to understanding how this zone is set up, the molecular control of its cells' behaviour and the evolution of axial growth zones.","['D000818', 'D002642', 'D018507', 'D020897', 'D019521', 'D054262', 'D059467', 'D020869']"
38956015,Perirhinal cortex learns a predictive map of the task environment.,"Goal-directed tasks involve acquiring an internal model, known as a predictive map, of relevant stimuli and associated outcomes to guide behavior. Here, we identified neural signatures of a predictive map of task behavior in perirhinal cortex (Prh). Mice learned to perform a tactile working memory task by classifying sequential whisker stimuli over multiple training stages. Chronic two-photon calcium imaging, population analysis, and computational modeling revealed that Prh encodes stimulus features as sensory prediction errors. Prh forms stable stimulus-outcome associations that can progressively be decoded earlier in the trial as training advances and that generalize as animals learn new contingencies. Stimulus-outcome associations are linked to prospective network activity encoding possible expected outcomes. This link is mediated by cholinergic signaling to guide task performance, demonstrated by acetylcholine imaging and systemic pharmacological perturbation. We propose that Prh combines error-driven and map-like properties to acquire a predictive map of learned task behavior.","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D000071039', 'D008570', 'D008297', 'D007858', 'D008810', 'D014738', 'D000109', 'D001522', 'D005260']"
38952987,Wing mechanics and acoustic communication of a new genus of sylvan katydid (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae) from the Central Cordillera cloud forest of Colombia.,"Stridulation is used by male katydids to produce sound via the rubbing together of their specialised forewings, either by sustained or interrupted sweeps of the file producing different tones and call structures. There are many species of Orthoptera that remain undescribed and their acoustic signals are unknown. This study aims to measure and quantify the mechanics of wing vibration, sound production and acoustic properties of the hearing system in a new genus of Pseudophyllinae with taxonomic descriptions of two new species. The calling behaviour and wing mechanics of males were measured using micro-scanning laser Doppler vibrometry, microscopy, and ultrasound sensitive equipment. The resonant properties of the acoustic pinnae of the ears were obtained via μ-CT scanning and 3D printed experimentation, and numerical modelling was used to validate the results. Analysis of sound recordings and wing vibrations revealed that the stridulatory areas of the right tegmen exhibit relatively narrow frequency responses and produce narrowband calls between 12 and 20 kHz. As in most Pseudophyllinae, only the right mirror is activated for sound production. The acoustic pinnae of all species were found to provide a broadband increased acoustic gain from ~40-120 kHz by up to 25 dB, peaking at almost 90 kHz which coincides with the echolocation frequency of sympatric bats. The new genus, named Satizabalus n. gen., is here derived as a new polytypic genus from the existing genus Gnathoclita, based on morphological and acoustic evidence from one described (S. sodalis n. comb.) and two new species (S. jorgevargasi n. sp. and S. hauca n. sp.). Unlike most Tettigoniidae, Satizabalus exhibits a particular form of sexual dimorphism whereby the heads and mandibles of the males are greatly enlarged compared to the females. We suggest that Satizabalus is related to the genus Trichotettix, also found in cloud forests in Colombia, and not to Gnathoclita.","['D000818', 'D008297', 'D014921', 'D003105', 'D009987', 'D000819', 'D065928', 'D014828', 'D000162', 'D005260', 'D014732']"
38951581,Male and female contributions to diversity among birdwing butterfly images.,"Machine learning (ML) newly enables tests for higher inter-species diversity in visible phenotype (disparity) among males versus females, predictions made from Darwinian sexual selection versus Wallacean natural selection, respectively. Here, we use ML to quantify variation across a sample of > 16,000 dorsal and ventral photographs of the sexually dimorphic birdwing butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Validation of image embedding distances, learnt by a triplet-trained, deep convolutional neural network, shows ML can be used for automated reconstruction of phenotypic evolution achieving measures of phylogenetic congruence to genetic species trees within a range sampled among genetic trees themselves. Quantification of sexual disparity difference (male versus female embedding distance), shows sexually and phylogenetically variable inter-species disparity. Ornithoptera exemplify high embedded male image disparity, diversification of selective optima in fitted multi-peak OU models and accelerated divergence, with cases of extreme divergence in allopatry and sympatry. However, genus Troides shows inverted patterns, including comparatively static male embedded phenotype, and higher female than male disparity - though within an inferred selective regime common to these females. Birdwing shapes and colour patterns that are most phenotypically distinctive in ML similarity are generally those of males. However, either sex can contribute majoritively to observed phenotypic diversity among species.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D002080', 'D008297', 'D010641', 'D010802', 'D012727', 'D005075', 'D000069550', 'D014921']"
38950977,Multiple changes in connectivity between buccal ganglia mechanoafferents and motor neurons with different functions after learning that food is inedible in Aplysia.,"Changes caused by learning that a food is inedible in Aplysia were examined for fast and slow synaptic connections from the buccal ganglia S1 cluster of mechanoafferents to five followers, in response to repeated stimulus trains. Learning affected only fast connections. For these, unique patterns of change were present in each follower, indicating that learning differentially affects the different branches of the mechanoafferents to their followers. In some followers, there were increases in either excitatory or inhibitory connections, and in others, there were decreases. Changes in connectivity resulted from changes in the amplitude of excitation or inhibition, or as a result of the number of connections, or of both. Some followers also exhibited changes in either within or between stimulus train plasticity as a result of learning. In one follower, changes differed from the different areas of the S1 cluster. The patterns of changes in connectivity were consistent with the behavioral changes produced by learning, in that they would produce an increase in the bias to reject or to release food, and a decrease in the likelihood to respond to food.","['D001048', 'D000818', 'D009046', 'D017952', 'D007858', 'D008465', 'D009473', 'D005502', 'D005247']"
38950976,Repeated stimulation of feeding mechanoafferents in Aplysia generates responses consistent with the release of food.,"How does repeated stimulation of mechanoafferents affect feeding motor neurons? Monosynaptic connections from a mechanoafferent population in the Aplysia buccal ganglia to five motor followers with different functions were examined during repeated stimulus trains. The mechanoafferents produced both fast and slow synaptic outputs, which could be excitatory or inhibitory. In contrast, other Aplysia mechanoafferents produce only fast excitation on their followers. In addition, patterns of synaptic connections were different to the different motor followers. Some followers received both fast excitation and fast inhibition, whereas others received exclusively fast excitation. All followers showed strong decreases in fast postsynaptic potential (PSP) amplitude within a stimulus train. Fast and slow synaptic connections were of net opposite signs in some followers but not in others. For one follower, synaptic contacts were not uniform from all subareas of the mechanoafferent cluster. Differences in properties of the buccal ganglia mechanoafferents and other Aplysia mechanoafferents may arise because the buccal ganglia neurons innervate the interior of the feeding apparatus, rather than an external surface, and connect to motor neurons for muscles with different motor functions. Fast connection patterns suggest that these synapses may be activated when food slips, biasing the musculature to release food. The largest slow inhibitory synaptic PSPs may contribute to a delay in the onset of the next behavior. Additional functions are also possible.","['D000818', 'D001048', 'D009046', 'D017952', 'D005247', 'D008465', 'D013569', 'D010812']"
38950363,Reciprocal interactions between neuropeptide F and RYamide regulate host attraction in the mosquito Aedes aegypti.,"Female mosquitoes produce eggs in gonadotrophic cycles that are divided between a previtellogenic and vitellogenic phase. Previtellogenic females consume water and sugar sources like nectar while also being attracted to hosts for blood feeding. Consumption of a blood meal activates the vitellogenic phase, which produces mature eggs and suppresses host attraction. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that neuropeptide Y-like hormones differentially modulate host attraction behavior in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. A series of experiments collectively indicated that enteroendocrine cells (EECs) in the posterior midgut produce and release neuropeptide F (NPF) into the hemolymph during the previtellogenic phase which stimulates attraction to humans and biting behavior. Consumption of a blood meal, which primarily consists of protein by dry weight, down-regulated NPF in EECs until mature eggs developed, which was associated with a decline in hemolymph titer. NPF depletion depended on protein digestion but was not associated with EEC loss. Other experiments showed that neurons in the terminal ganglion extend axons to the posterior midgut and produce RYamide, which showed evidence of increased secretion into circulation after a blood meal. Injection of RYamide-1 and -2 into previtellogenic females suppressed host attraction, while coinjection of RYamides with or without short NPF-2 also inhibited the host attraction activity of NPF. Overall, our results identify NPF and RYamide as gut-associated hormones in A. aegypti that link host attraction behavior to shifts in diet during sequential gonadotrophic cycles.","['D000818', 'D000330', 'D009479', 'D005260', 'D005247', 'D006458', 'D019858', 'D019476', 'D006801', 'D014818']"
38945620,Digestion and absorption characteristics of iron-chelating silver carp scale collagen peptide and insights into their chelation mechanism.,"Iron deficiency is widespread throughout the world, supplementing sufficient iron or improving the bioavailability of iron is the fundamental strategy to solve the problem of iron scarcity. Herein, we explored a new form of iron supplement, iron chelates of silver carp scales (SCSCP-Fe) were prepared from collagen peptide of silver carp scales (SCSCP) and FeCl2·4H2O, the effects of external environment and simulated gastrointestinal digestive environment on the stability of SCSCP-Fe and the structural changes of peptide iron chelates during digestion were investigated. The results of in vitro iron absorption promotion showed that the iron bioavailability of SCSCP-Fe was higher than that of FeSO4. Two potential high iron chelating peptides DTSGGYDEY (DY) and LQGSNEIEIR (LR) were screened and synthesized from the SCSCP sequence by molecular dynamics and LC-MS/MS techniques. The FTIR results displayed that the binding sites of DY and LR for Fe2+ were the carboxyl group, the amino group, and the nitrogen atom on the amide group on the peptide. ITC results indicated that the chelation reactions of DY and LR with Fe2+ were mainly dominated by electrostatic interactions, forming chelates in stoichiometric ratios of 1:2 and 1:1, respectively. Both DY and LR had a certain ability to promote iron absorption. The transport of DY-Fe chelate may be a combination of the three pathways: PepT1 vector pathway, cell bypass, and endocytosis, while LR-Fe chelate was dominated by bivalent metal ion transporters. This study is expected to provide theoretical reference and technical support for the high-value utilization of silver carp scales and the development of novel iron supplements.","['D002347', 'D000818', 'D007502', 'D003094', 'D004063', 'D007501', 'D000075342', 'D001682', 'D010455', 'D007408', 'D006801', 'D029941', 'D005296', 'D053719']"
38943151,Atypical cell cycle regulation promotes mammary stem cell expansion during mammary development and tumourigenesis.,"The cell cycle of mammary stem cells must be tightly regulated to ensure normal homeostasis of the mammary gland to prevent abnormal proliferation and susceptibility to tumorigenesis. The atypical cell cycle regulator, Spy1 can override cell cycle checkpoints, including those activated by the tumour suppressor p53 which mediates mammary stem cell homeostasis. Spy1 has also been shown to promote expansion of select stem cell populations in other developmental systems. Spy1 protein is elevated during proliferative stages of mammary gland development, is found at higher levels in human breast cancers, and promotes susceptibility to mammary tumourigenesis when combined with loss of p53. We hypothesized that Spy1 cooperates with loss of p53 to increase susceptibility to tumour initiation due to changes in susceptible mammary stem cell populations during development and drives the formation of more aggressive stem like tumours.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D051379', 'D016159', 'D008321', 'D008822', 'D006801', 'D018797', 'D014411', 'D002471', 'D063646', 'D049109', 'D001943', 'D013234', 'D002453', 'D015972']"
38942912,Dawn of diverse shelled and carbonaceous animal microfossils at ~ 571 Ma.,"The Ediacaran-Cambrian transition documents a critical stage in the diversification of animals. The global fossil record documents the appearance of cloudinomorphs and other shelled tubular organisms followed by non-biomineralized small carbonaceous fossils and by the highly diversified small shelly fossils between ~ 550 and 530 Ma. Here, we report diverse microfossils in thin sections and hand samples from the Ediacaran Bocaina Formation, Brazil, separated into five descriptive categories: elongate solid structures (ES); elongate filled structures (EF); two types of equidimensional structures (EQ 1 and 2) and elongate hollow structures with coiled ends (CE). These specimens, interpreted as diversified candidate metazoans, predate the latest Ediacaran biomineralized index macrofossils of the Cloudina-Corumbella-Namacalathus biozone in the overlying Tamengo Formation. Our new carbonate U-Pb ages for the Bocaina Formation, position this novel fossil record at 571 ± 9 Ma (weighted mean age). Thus, our data point to diversification of metazoans, including biomineralized specimens reminiscent of sections of cloudinids, protoconodonts, anabaritids, and hyolithids, in addition to organo-phosphatic surficial coverings of animals, demonstrably earlier than the record of the earliest known skeletonized metazoan fossils.","['D005580', 'D000818', 'D001938', 'D060105', 'D005075', 'D010163']"
38942562,"Separate offering of forages and concentrates to lactating dairy cows: Effects on lactational performance, enteric methane emission, and efficiency of nutrient utilization.","The objective was to evaluate the effects of separate offering of feed ingredients (SF) and frequency of concentrate feeding versus offering a TMR, on lactational performance, ruminal fermentation, enteric CH4 emissions, nutrient digestibility, N use efficiency, milk fatty acid profile, and blood variables in mid-lactation dairy cows. Twenty-four Holstein cows (12 primi- and 12 multiparous) averaging (±SD) 141 ± 35 DIM and 43 ± 6 kg/d of milk yield (MY) at the beginning of the study were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design experiment with 3 periods of 28 d each, composed of 7 d for adaptation to the diets, 11 d for estimation of net energy and metabolizable protein requirements, and 10 d for data and samples collection. Cows were grouped based on parity, DIM, and MY into 4 Latin squares. Treatment allocation was balanced for carryover effects, and cows within square were assigned to (1) basal diet fed ad libitum as TMR; (2) basal diet fed as SF with forages fed ad libitum and concentrates fed 3×/d (SF×3); or (3) basal diet fed as SF with forages fed ad libitum and concentrates fed 6×/d (SF×6). Compared with TMR, SF decreased total DMI by 1.2 kg/d. Treatments did not affect MY, milk components, or ECM yield, except for a decrease in milk fat concentration and an increase in milk urea N by SF×3, compared with TMR. Feed efficiency (kg of MY/kg of DMI) was increased by 7% in SF, compared with TMR. Ruminal molar proportion of acetate and acetate-to-propionate ratio were decreased, whereas molar proportion of propionate was increased by SF×3, compared with TMR and SF×6. There was a 9% decrease in daily CH4 production by SF, compared with TMR. Enteric CH4 yield (per kg of DMI) was not affected by treatments in the current study. Methane intensity per kilogram of MY tended to be decreased by 10% in SF, compared with TMR. The sums of odd- and branched-chain, odd-chain, and anteiso milk fatty acids tended to be or were increased by SF, compared with TMR. Intake of nutrients tended to be or were decreased by SF, compared with TMR. The digestibility of amylase-treated NDF tended to be decreased and ADF digestibility was decreased by 3% in SF, compared with TMR. Urinary and fecal N excretions were not affected by treatments. As a percentage of total N intake, separate offering of feed ingredients increased milk N secretion, indicating an increased N use efficiency by SF, compared with TMR. Blood total fatty acid concentration was decreased by SF relative to TMR. Compared with both TMR and SF×6, SF×3 increased blood urea N concentration. Overall, feed and N use efficiencies were increased by separate offering of feed ingredients, and increasing the frequency of concentrate feeding promoted ruminal fermentation effects similar to those obtained by feeding a TMR.","['D000818', 'D002417', 'D007774', 'D005260', 'D008892', 'D004032', 'D008697', 'D000821', 'D004063', 'D000078622', 'D012417', 'D005285']"
38942561,"Lactational performance, ruminal fermentation, and enteric gas emission of dairy cows fed an amylase-enabled corn silage in diets with different starch concentrations.","This study investigated the effects of feeding an amylase-enabled corn silage (ACS) on the performance and enteric gas emissions in lactating dairy cows. Following a 2-wk covariate period, 48 mid-lactation Holstein cows were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments in a 10-wk randomized complete block design experiment. Treatments were diets containing the same proportion of corn silage (40% of dietary DM) as follows: (1) a conventional hybrid corn silage control (CON), (2) ACS replacing the control silage (ADR), and (3) the ADR diet replacing soybean hulls with ground corn grain to achieve the same dietary starch concentration as CON (ASR). Control corn silage and ACS were harvested on the same day and contained 40.3% and 37.1% DM and (% of DM): 37.2% and 41.0% NDF and 37.1% and 30.0% starch, respectively. Enteric gas emissions were measured using the GreenFeed system. Two cows were culled due to health-related issues during the covariate period. Ruminal fluid was collected from 24 cows (8 per treatment) using the orogastric ruminal sampling technique. When compared with CON, cows fed ADR had increased DMI during experimental wk 3, 4, and 9, but treatment did not affect milk or ECM milk yields (39.0 kg/d on average; SEM = 0.89). Compared with CON, feed efficiency (per unit of milk, but not ECM) tended to be lower for ADR, whereas milk true protein concentration (a tendency) and yield were lower for ASR. Milk urea N was decreased by both ADR and ASR diets relative to CON. Compared with CON, daily CH4 emission and emission intensity were increased by ADR but not ASR. Total protozoal count tended to be increased by both diets formulated with ACS when compared with control corn silage. Total-tract digestibility of dietary NDF was greater for ASR, and that of ADF was greater for both ADR and ASR versus CON. The molar proportion of acetate (a tendency) and acetate-to-propionate ratio were increased by ADR, but not ASR, when compared with CON. Replacement of CON with ACS (having lower starch concentration) in the diet of dairy cows increased DMI during the initial weeks of the experiment, maintained ECM, tended to decrease feed efficiency, and increased enteric CH4 emissions, likely due to increased intake of digestible fiber, compared with CON.","['D000818', 'D002417', 'D005260', 'D013213', 'D007774', 'D003313', 'D012820', 'D012417', 'D004032', 'D008892', 'D005285', 'D000681', 'D000821', 'D005740']"
38938879,Distribution and dynamic changes of Huanglongbing pathogen in its insect vector Diaphorina citri.,"The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is the leading vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), the causative agent of citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) disease. The distribution and dynamics of CLas within ACP are critical to understanding how the transmission, spread and infection of CLas occurs within its host vector in nature. In this study, the distribution and titer changes of CLas in various tissues of ACP 5th instar nymphs and adults were examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) techniques. Results demonstrated that 100% of ACP 5th instar nymphs and adults were infected with CLas following feeding on infected plants, and that CLas had widespread distribution in most of the tissues of ACP. The titers of CLas within the midgut, salivary glands and hemolymph tissues were the highest in both 5th instar nymphs and adults. When compared with adults, the titers of CLas in these three tissues of 5th instar nymphs were significantly higher, while in the mycetome, ovary and testes they were significantly lower than those of adults. FISH visualization further confirmed these findings. Dynamic analysis of CLas demonstrated that it was present across all the developmental ages of ACP adults. There was a discernible upward trend in the presence of CLas with advancing age in most tissues of ACP adults, including the midgut, hemolymph, salivary glands, foot, head, cuticula and muscle. Our findings have significant implications for the comprehensive understanding of the transmission, dissemination and infestation of CLas, which is of much importance for developing novel strategies to halt the spread of CLas, and therefore contribute to the efficient prevention and control of HLB.","['D000818', 'D006430', 'D007303', 'D010935', 'D009758', 'D002957', 'D017404', 'D012230', 'D060888', 'D012469', 'D006458']"
38938005,"Unveiling the Bacterial Community across the Stomach, Hepatopancreas, Anterior Intestine, and Posterior Intestine of Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp.","The gastrointestinal (GI) tract of shrimp, which is comprised of the stomach, hepatopancreas, and intestine, houses microbial communities that play crucial roles in immune defense, nutrient absorption, and overall health. While the intestine's microbiome has been well-studied, there has been limited research investigating the stomach and hepatopancreas. The present study addresses this gap by profiling the bacterial community in these interconnected GI segments of Pacific whiteleg shrimp. To this end, shrimp samples were collected from a local aquaculture farm in South Korea, and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed. The results revealed significant variations in bacterial diversity and composition among GI segments. The stomach and hepatopancreas exhibited higher Proteobacteria abundance, while the intestine showed a more diverse microbiome, including Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, and Verrucomicrobia. Genera such as Oceaniovalibus, Streptococcus, Actibacter, Ilumatobacter, and Litorilinea dominated the intestine, while Salinarimonas, Sphingomonas, and Oceaniovalibus prevailed in the stomach and hepatopancreas. It is particularly notable that Salinarimonas, which is associated with nitrate reduction and pollutant degradation, was prominent in the hepatopancreas. Overall, this study provides insights into the microbial ecology of the Pacific whiteleg shrimp's GI tract, thus enhancing our understanding of shrimp health with the aim of supporting sustainable aquaculture practices.","['D000818', 'D033561', 'D043143', 'D012336', 'D001419', 'D000069196', 'D056910', 'D007422', 'D010802', 'D013270', 'D044822', 'D017756', 'D004269']"
38937677,Construction of a high-density genetic map and QTL localization of body weight and wool production related traits in Alpine Merino sheep based on WGR.,"The Alpine Merino is a new breed of fine-wool sheep adapted to the cold and arid climate of the plateau in the world. It has been popularized in Northwest China due to its superior adaptability as well as excellent production performance. Those traits related to body weight, wool yield, and wool fiber characteristics, which are economically essential traits in Alpine Merino sheep, are controlled by QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci). Therefore, the identification of QTL and genetic markers for these key economic traits is a critical step in establishing a MAS (Marker-Assisted Selection) breeding program.","['D000818', 'D040641', 'D001835', 'D014935', 'D002874', 'D020641', 'D012756', 'D008040', 'D005819', 'D000073336', 'D010641', 'D034561', 'D005838']"
38932236,Enhanced Recombinant Protein Expression in Insect Cells by Natural and Recombinant Components of Lepidoptera Hemolymph.,"Prior research has established the anti-apoptotic effects in insect cell cultures of Bombyx mori (B. mori) hemolymph, as well as the heightened production yields of recombinant proteins facilitated by baculovirus vectors in insect cells cultivated in media supplemented with this hemolymph. In this study, we investigated the hemolymph of another Lepidoptera species, Trichoplusia ni (T. ni), and observed similar beneficial effects in insect cells cultivated in media supplemented with this natural substance. We observed enhancements in both production yield (approximately 1.5 times higher) and late-stage cell viabilities post-infection (30-40% higher). Storage-protein 2 from B. mori (SP2Bm) has previously been identified as one of the abundant hemolymph proteins potentially responsible for the beneficial effects observed after the use of B. mori hemolymph-supplemented cell culture media. By employing a dual baculovirus vector that co-expresses the SP2Bm protein alongside the GFP protein, we achieved a threefold increase in reporter protein production compared to a baculovirus vector expressing GFP alone. This study underscores the potential of hemolymph proteins sourced from various Lepidoptera species as biotechnological tools to augment baculovirus vector productivities, whether utilized as natural supplements in cell culture media or as hemolymph-derived recombinant proteins co-expressed by baculovirus vectors.","['D000818', 'D006458', 'D011994', 'D016367', 'D019476', 'D007915', 'D005822', 'D002460', 'D015870', 'D049452', 'D012831', 'D003470', 'D009036', 'D002470']"
38931240,Time-Dependent Effect of Eggshell Membrane on Monosodium-Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis: Early-Stage Inflammation Control and Late-Stage Cartilage Protection.,"Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease that causes chronic pain, swelling, stiffness, disability, and significantly reduces the quality of life. Typically, OA is treated using painkillers and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). While current pharmacologic treatments are common, their potential side effects have prompted exploration into functional dietary supplements. Recently, eggshell membrane (ESM) has emerged as a potential functional ingredient for joint and connective tissue disorders due to its clinical efficacy in relieving joint pain and stiffness. Despite promising clinical evidence, the effects of ESM on OA progression and its mechanism of action remain poorly understood. This study evaluated the efficacy of Ovomet®, a powdered natural ESM, against joint pain and disease progression in a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rodent model of OA in mice and rats. The results demonstrate that ESM significantly alleviates joint pain and attenuates articular cartilage destruction in both mice and rats that received oral supplementation for 5 days prior to OA induction and for 28 days thereafter. Interestingly, ESM significantly inhibited mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as inflammatory mediators, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the knee joint cartilage at the early stage of OA, within 7 days after OA induction. However, this effect was not observed in the late stage at 28 days after OA induction. ESM further attenuates the induction of protein expression for cartilage-degrading enzymes like matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) 3 and 13, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS-5), in the late-stage. In addition, MIA-induced reduction of the protein expression levels of cartilage components, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), aggrecan (ACAN) and collagen type II α-1 chain (COL2α1), and cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis promoting transcriptional factor SRY-Box 9 (SOX-9) were increased via ESM treatment in the cartilage tissue. Our findings suggest that Ovomet®, a natural ESM powder, is a promising dietary functional ingredient that can alleviate pain, inflammatory response, and cartilage degradation associated with the progression of OA.","['D000818', 'D004528', 'D002358', 'D010003', 'D008297', 'D051379', 'D052247', 'D051381', 'D007249', 'D019587', 'D016207', 'D004195', 'D017207', 'D018771', 'D013997', 'D019807', 'D000893']"
38930826,Theoretical Insight into Psittacofulvins and Their Derivatives.,"Psittacofulvins are polyenal dyes responsible for coloring parrot feathers and protecting them against photo-oxidation, harmful radicals, and bacterial degradation. To explain the unusual properties of these compounds, the thermodynamic and global chemical activity descriptors characterizing four natural and three synthetic psittacofulvins, as well as their hydroxyl, carboxyl and dialdehyde derivatives, were determined. To this aim, the DFT method at the B3LYP/QZVP theory level and the C-PCM solvation model were used. The calculations enabled the selection of the projected compounds for the greatest bioactivity and potential applicability as multifunctional ingredients in medicines, cosmetics, supplements, and food, in which they may play a triple role as preservative, radical scavenger, and coloring agent. The results obtained provide arguments for the identification of a fifth psittacofulvin within the parrot feather pigment, characterized by ten conjugated double bonds (docosadecaenal).","['D000818', 'D004396', 'D005241', 'D013816', 'D010311', 'D015394', 'D008958']"
38928432,Effects of the Interaction between Rumen Microbiota Density-VFAs-Hepatic Gluconeogenesis on the Adaptability of Tibetan Sheep to Plateau.,"During the adaptive evolution of animals, the host and its gut microbiota co-adapt to different elevations. Currently, there are few reports on the rumen microbiota-hepato-intestinal axis of Tibetan sheep at different altitudes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the regulatory effect of rumen microorganism-volatile fatty acids (VFAs)-VFAs transporter gene interactions on the key enzymes and genes related to gluconeogenesis in Tibetan sheep. The rumen fermentation parameters, rumen microbial densities, liver gluconeogenesis activity and related genes were determined and analyzed using gas chromatography, RT-qPCR and other research methods. Correlation analysis revealed a reciprocal relationship among rumen microflora-VFAs-hepatic gluconeogenesis in Tibetan sheep at different altitudes. Among the microbiota, Ruminococcus flavefaciens (R. flavefaciens), Ruminococcus albus (R. albus), Fibrobactersuccinogenes and Ruminobacter amylophilus (R. amylophilus) were significantly correlated with propionic acid (p < 0.05), while propionic acid was significantly correlated with the transport genes monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) and anion exchanger 2 (AE2) (p < 0.05). Propionic acid was significantly correlated with key enzymes such as pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvic acid carboxylase and glucose (Glu) in the gluconeogenesis pathway (p < 0.05). Additionally, the expressions of these genes were significantly correlated with those of the related genes, namely, forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) and mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2) (p < 0.05). The results showed that rumen microbiota densities differed at different altitudes, and the metabolically produced VFA contents differed, which led to adaptive changes in the key enzyme activities of gluconeogenesis and the expressions of related genes.","['D000818', 'D005943', 'D012756', 'D012417', 'D000069196', 'D008099', 'D005232', 'D018609', 'D000531', 'D000222', 'D005285']"
38928314,miR-1 as a Key Epigenetic Regulator in Early Differentiation of Cardiac Sinoatrial Region.,"A large diversity of epigenetic factors, such as microRNAs and histones modifications, are known to be capable of regulating gene expression without altering DNA sequence itself. In particular, miR-1 is considered the first essential microRNA in cardiac development. In this study, miR-1 potential role in early cardiac chamber differentiation was analyzed through specific signaling pathways. For this, we performed in chick embryos functional experiments by means of miR-1 microinjections into the posterior cardiac precursors-of both primitive endocardial tubes-committed to sinoatrial region fates. Subsequently, embryos were subjected to whole mount in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR analysis. As a relevant novelty, our results revealed that miR-1 increased Amhc1, Tbx5 and Gata4, while this microRNA diminished Mef2c and Cripto expressions during early differentiation of the cardiac sinoatrial region. Furthermore, we observed in this developmental context that miR-1 upregulated CrabpII and Rarß and downregulated CrabpI, which are three crucial factors in the retinoic acid signaling pathway. Interestingly, we also noticed that miR-1 directly interacted with Hdac4 and Calm1/Calmodulin, as well as with Erk2/Mapk1, which are three key factors actively involved in Mef2c regulation. Our study shows, for the first time, a key role of miR-1 as an epigenetic regulator in the early differentiation of the cardiac sinoatrial region through orchestrating opposite actions between retinoic acid and Mef2c, fundamental to properly assign cardiac cells to their respective heart chambers. A better understanding of those molecular mechanisms modulated by miR-1 will definitely help in fields applied to therapy and cardiac regeneration and repair.","['D000818', 'D035683', 'D044127', 'D002454', 'D018507', 'D002642', 'D064326', 'D012849', 'D015398', 'D006321']"
38928164,Altered Morpho-Functional Features of Neurogenesis in Zebrafish Embryos Exposed to Non-Combustion-Derived Magnetite.,"Neurogenesis is the process by which new brain cells are formed. This crucial event emerges during embryonic life and proceeds in adulthood, and it could be influenced by environmental pollution. Non-combustion-derived magnetite represents a portion of the coarse particulate matter (PM) contributing to air and water pollution in urban settings. Studies on humans have reported that magnetite and other iron oxides have significant damaging effects at a central level, where these particles accumulate and promote oxidative stress. Similarly, magnetite nanoparticles can cross the placenta and damage the embryo brain during development, but the impact on neurogenesis is still unknown. Furthermore, an abnormal Fe cation concentration in cells and tissues might promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and has been associated with multiple neurodegenerative conditions. In the present study, we used zebrafish as an in vivo system to analyze the specific effects of magnetite on embryonic neurogenesis. First, we characterized magnetite using mineralogical and spectroscopic analyses. Embryos treated with magnetite at sub-lethal concentrations showed a dose-response increase in ROS in the brain, which was accompanied by a massive decrease in antioxidant genes (sod2, cat, gsr, and nrf2). In addition, a higher number of apoptotic cells was observed in embryos treated with magnetite. Next, interestingly, embryos exposed to magnetite displayed a decrease in neural staminal progenitors (nestin, sox2, and pcna markers) and a neuronal marker (elavl3). Finally, we observed significative increases in apoeb (specific microglia marker) and interleukin-1b (il1b), confirming a status of inflammation in the brain embryos treated with magnetite. Our study represents the very first in vivo evidence concerning the effects of magnetite on brain development.","['D000818', 'D015027', 'D055495', 'D052203', 'D004625', 'D017382', 'D018384', 'D001921', 'D017209', 'D058185']"
38928157,Immunohistochemical Expression of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 and Ki67 in Apocrine Gland Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma.,"Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma is an aggressive neoplasm, and surgery remains the treatment of choice, although it is controversial in advanced cases. The prognostic factors are not well established. Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) is a membrane protein related to tumorigenesis, whereas Ki67 is a nuclear protein related to cell proliferation. Both are potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of HER2 and Ki67 markers in canine apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma. The tumor samples were divided into four groups: largest tumor diameter less than 2.5 cm, largest tumor diameter greater than 2.5 cm, metastatic lymph nodes, and control group of non-neoplastic anal sacs. Each contained 10 samples. Immunohistochemistry was performed to verify the expression of HER2 and Ki67 markers. Positive HER2 staining was observed in 45% of the neoplastic cases and negative HER2 staining in 100% of the control group. The Ki67 expression had a median of 25% in all groups, except for the control group, which had a median of 8%. The HER2 and Ki67 expression was present in apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma, making them potential therapeutic targets. However, it was not possible to determine the clinical value of either marker.","['D019394', 'D000230', 'D018719', 'D001050', 'D007150', 'D006801', 'D014408', 'D000818', 'D000695', 'D004285', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000694']"
38928108,The Impact of Fine Particulate Matter on Embryonic Development.,"Airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in air pollution has become a significant global public health concern related to allergic diseases. Previous research indicates that PM2.5 not only affects the respiratory system but may also induce systemic inflammation in various tissues. Moreover, its impact may vary among different populations, with potential consequences during pregnancy and in newborns. However, the precise mechanisms through which PM2.5 induces inflammatory reactions remain unclear. This study aims to explore potential pathways of inflammatory responses induced by PM2.5 through animal models and zebrafish embryo experiments. In this study, zebrafish embryo experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of PM2.5 on embryo development and survival, and mouse experimental models were employed to assess the impact of PM2.5 stimulation on various aspects of mice. Wild-type zebrafish embryos were exposed to a PM2.5 environment of 25-400 μg/mL starting at 6 h after fertilization (6 hpf). At 6 days post-fertilization, the survival rates of the 25, 50, 100, and 200 µg/mL groups were 100%, 80, 40%, and 40%, respectively. Zebrafish embryos stimulated with 25 μg/mL of PM2.5 still exhibited successful development and hatching. Additionally, zebrafish subjected to doses of 25-200 μg/mL displayed abnormalities such as spinal curvature and internal swelling after hatching, indicating a significant impact of PM2.5 stimulation on embryo development. In the mouse model, mice exposed to PM2.5 exhibited apparent respiratory overreaction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lungs, elevated levels of inflammatory response-related cytokines, and inflammation in various organs, including the liver, lungs, and uterus. Blood tests on experimental mice revealed increased expression of inflammatory and chemotactic cytokines, and GSEA indicated the induction of various inflammatory responses and an upregulation of the TNF-α/NFκB pathway by PM2.5. Our results provide insights into the harmful effects of PM2.5 on embryos and organs. The induced inflammatory responses by PM2.5 may be mediated through the TNF-α/NFκB pathway, leading to systemic organ inflammation. However, whether PM2.5-induced inflammatory responses in various organs and abnormal embryo development are generated through different pathways requires further study to comprehensively clarify and identify potential treatment and prevention methods.","['D000818', 'D052638', 'D015027', 'D051379', 'D047108', 'D005260', 'D004625', 'D000393', 'D016207']"
38928098,Molecular Characterization of Chemosensory Protein (CSP) Genes and the Involvement of AgifCSP5 in the Perception of Host Location in the Aphid Parasitoid Aphidius gifuensis.,"Aphidius gifuensis is the dominant parasitic natural enemy of aphids. Elucidating the molecular mechanism of host recognition of A. gifuensis would improve its biological control effect. Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) play a crucial role in insect olfactory systems and are mainly involved in host localization. In this study, a total of nine CSPs of A. gifuensis with complete open reading frames were identified based on antennal transcriptome data. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that AgifCSPs were mainly clustered into three subgroups (AgifCSP1/2/7/8, AgifCSP3/9, and AgifCSP4/5/6). AgifCSP2/5 showed high expression in the antennae of both sexes. Moreover, AgifCSP5 was found to be specifically expressed in the antennae. In addition, fluorescent binding assays revealed that AifCSP5 had greater affinities for 7 of 32 volatile odor molecules from various sources. Molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis results revealed that the residue at which AgifCSP5 binds to these seven plant volatiles is Tyr75. Behavior tests further confirmed that trans-2-nonenal, one of the seven active volatiles in the ligand binding test, significantly attracted female adults at a relatively low concentration of 10 mg/mL. In conclusion, AgifCSP5 may be involved in locating aphid-infested crops from long distances by detecting and binding trans-2-nonenal. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for further understanding the olfactory recognition mechanisms and indirect aphid localization behavior of A. gifuensis from long distances by first identifying the host plant of aphids.","['D000818', 'D001042', 'D019476', 'D010802', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D006790', 'D057506', 'D062105', 'D000595', 'D018035', 'D014863']"
38927747,A Network of Circular RNA and MicroRNA Sequencing Provides Insights into Pigment Deposition of Changshun Blue Eggshell Chickens.,"Eggshell color plays important biological roles and attracts the attention of both egg retailers and researchers. However, whether non-coding RNAs are involved in pigment deposition among different eggshell colors remains unknown. In this study, RNA sequencing was used to analyse the uterine gland transcriptome (CircRNA and miRNA) of Changshun chicken blue-shell hens producing four different eggshell color eggs including dark blue PK(DB) and light blue (LB), dark brown and greenish (between blue and pink, DP) and pink (p). We found that miR-192-x, targeting SLC16a7, was expressed in DB, DP, and LB groups compared with the PK group, which indicates that miR-192-x may play a role in the blue eggshell color. KEGG and GO analyses showed that the ""metabolic pathways"" with targeted genes such BLVRA and HMOX1 were detected in dark and light blue color eggshell chickens, which confirms the different ratios of biliverdin and HO-1 involved in the deposition of blue color. As annotated by connectivity analysis, RASGRF1 and RASGRF2, belonging to the RASGRF family, are involved in the Ras signaling pathway, which plays an important role in cell growth, differentiation, metastasis and apoptosis. Our findings enrich the database of circRNA, miRNAs and genes for chicken uterine tissue, which will be useful in accelerating molecular selection for blue eggshell color layers.","['D000818', 'D002645', 'D035683', 'D004528', 'D000079962', 'D005260', 'D010858', 'D059467', 'D017423', 'D053263']"
38927746,Identification and Characterization of the miRNA Transcriptome Controlling Green Pigmentation of Chicken Eggshells.,"Green eggs are mainly caused by inserting an avian endogenous retrovirus (EVA-HP) fragment into the SLCO1B3 gene. Although the genotypes for this insertion allele are consistent, eggshell color (ESC) may vary after a peak laying period; light-colored eggs are undesired by consumers and farmers and result in financial loss, so it is necessary to resolve this problem. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that exert essential functions in animal development and diseases. However, the regulatory miRNAs and detailed molecular mechanisms regulating eggshell greenness remain unclear. In the present study, we determined the genotype of green-eggshell hens through the detection of a homozygous allele insertion in the SLCO1B3 gene. The shell gland epithelium was obtained from green-eggshell hens that produced white and green shell eggs to perform transcriptome sequencing and investigate the important regulatory mechanisms that influence the ESC. Approximately 921 miRNAs were expressed in these two groups, which included 587 known miRNAs and 334 novel miRNAs, among which 44 were differentially expressed. There were 22 miRNAs that were significantly upregulated in the green and white groups, respectively, which targeted hundreds of genes, including KIT, HMOX2, and several solute carrier family genes. A Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of the target genes showed that the differentially expressed miRNA-targeted genes mainly belonged to the functional categories of homophilic cell adhesion, gland development, the Wnt signaling pathway, and epithelial tube morphogenesis. A KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the Hedgehog signaling pathway was significantly transformed in this study. The current study provides an overview of the miRNA expression profiles and the interaction between the miRNAs and their target genes. It provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying green eggshell pigmentation, screening more effective hens to produce stable green eggs and obtaining higher economic benefits.","['D000818', 'D002645', 'D035683', 'D004528', 'D010858', 'D059467', 'D005260']"
38927731,Genomic Characterization of Quality Wool Traits in Spanish Merino Sheep.,"The native Spanish Merino breed was the founder of all the other Merino and Merino-derived breeds worldwide. Despite the fact that this breed was created and improved to produce the highest quality fine wool, the global wool market crisis led to the wholescale crossing of most of the herds with breeds for meat purposes. Nevertheless, there are still some purebred animals with a high potential for producing quality wool. The objective of this study was to characterize the current wool quality of the breed and identify genes associated with these parameters. To achieve this, over 12,800 records from the most representative animals of the breed (registered in the herd book) were analyzed using the Australian OFDA 2000 system, for parameters such as fiber diameter (FD), standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), fibers over 15 microns (>15%), staple length (SL), and comfort factor (CRV). Additionally, animals with the most extreme FD values were whole-genome sequenced using NGS. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) determined the association of 74 variants with the different traits studied, which were located in 70 different genes. Of these genes, EDN2, COL18A1, and LRP1B, associated with fibers over 15%, and FGF12 and ADAM17, associated with SL, play a key role in hair follicle growth and development. Our study reveals the great potential for recovering this breed for fine wool production, and identifies five candidate genes whose understanding may aid in that selection process.","['D000818', 'D012756', 'D014935', 'D055106', 'D001947', 'D000078623', 'D034561', 'D020641', 'D010641', 'D023281', 'D040641']"
38927715,A Characterization and Functional Analysis of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Splicing Variants in the Buffalo Mammary Gland.,"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG) has various splicing variants and plays essential roles in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis. However, little is known about the expression pattern and effect of the PPARG on milk fat synthesis in the buffalo mammary gland. In this study, we found that only PPARG-X17 and PPARG-X21 of the splicing variant were expressed in the buffalo mammary gland. Amino acid sequence characterization showed that the proteins encoded by PPARG-X17 and PPARG-X21 are endonuclear non-secreted hydrophilic proteins. Protein domain prediction found that only the PPARG-X21-encoded protein had PPAR ligand-binding domains (NR_LBD_PPAR), which may lead to functional differences between the two splices. RNA interference (RNAi) and the overexpression of PPARG-X17 and PPARG-X21 in buffalo mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were performed. Results showed that the expression of fatty acid synthesis-related genes (ACACA, CD36, ACSL1, GPAT, AGPAT6, DGAT1) was significantly modified (p < 0.05) by the RNAi and overexpression of PPARG-X17 and PPARG-X21. All kinds of FAs detected in this study were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) after RNAi of PPARG-X17 or PPARG-X21. Overexpression of PPARG-X17 or PPARG-X21 significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the SFA content, while significantly increased (p < 0.05) the UFA, especially the MUFA in the BMECs. In conclusion, there are two PPARG splicing variants expressed in the BMECs that can regulate FA synthesis by altering the expression of diverse fatty acid synthesis-related genes. This study revealed the expression characteristics and functions of the PPARG gene in buffalo mammary glands and provided a reference for further understanding of fat synthesis in buffalo milk.","['D000818', 'D002020', 'D047495', 'D008321', 'D005260', 'D004847', 'D017398', 'D005227', 'D020033', 'D008892']"
38927617,Ovine KRT81 Variants and Their Influence on Selected Wool Traits of Commercial Value.,"Keratins are the main structural protein components of wool fibres, and variation in them and their genes (KRTs) is thought to influence wool structure and characteristics. The PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism technique has been used previously to investigate genetic variation in selected coding and intron regions of the type II sheep keratin gene KRT81, but no variation was identified. In this study, we used the same technique to explore the 5' untranslated region of KRT81 and detected three sequence variants (A, B and C) that contain four single nucleotide polymorphisms. Among the 389 Merino × Southdown cross sheep investigated, variant B was linked to a reduction in clean fleece weight, while C was associated with an increase in both greasy fleece weight and clean fleece weight. No discernible effects on staple length or mean-fibre-diameter-related traits were observed. These findings suggest that variation in ovine KRT81 might influence wool growth by changing the density of wool follicles in the skin, the density of individual fibres, or the area of the skin producing fibre, as opposed to changing the rate of extrusion of fibres or their diameter.","['D000818', 'D012756', 'D014935', 'D020641', 'D000078623', 'D053531', 'D007633', 'D034561']"
38927594,"Hypoxia in the Blue Mussel Mytilus chilensis Induces a Transcriptome Shift Associated with Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Metabolism, and Immune Response.","The increase in hypoxia events, a result of climate change in coastal and fjord ecosystems, impacts the health and survival of mussels. These organisms deploy physiological and molecular responses as an adaptive mechanism to maintain cellular homeostasis under environmental stress. However, the specific effects of hypoxia on mussels of socioeconomic interest, such as Mytilus chilensis, are unknown. Using RNA-seq, we investigated the transcriptomic profiles of the gills, digestive gland, and adductor muscle of M. chilensis under hypoxia (10 days at 2 mg L-1) and reoxygenation (10 days at 6 mg L-1). There were 15,056 differentially expressed transcripts identified in gills, 11,864 in the digestive gland, and 9862 in the adductor muscle. The response varied among tissues, showing chromosomal changes in Chr1, Chr9, and Chr10 during hypoxia. Hypoxia regulated signaling genes in the Toll-like, mTOR, citrate cycle, and apoptosis pathways in gills, indicating metabolic and immunological alterations. These changes suggest that hypoxia induced a metabolic shift in mussels, reducing reliance on aerobic respiration and increasing reliance on anaerobic metabolism. Furthermore, hypoxia appeared to suppress the immune response, potentially increasing disease susceptibility, with negative implications for the mussel culture industry and natural bed populations. This study provides pivotal insights into metabolic and immunological adaptations to hypoxia in M. chilensis, offering candidate genes for adaptive traits.","['D000818', 'D049878', 'D059467', 'D005880', 'D059865', 'D000860']"
38926524,Comparative analysis of the distribution and antifungal susceptibility of yeast species in cat facial hair and human nails.,"Zoonotic yeast species have been implicated in disease development in both humans and cats. This study analyzed the yeast mycobiota present in feline facial hair and human nails and explored potential interspecies associations. A total of 118 biological specimens were examined, including 59 feline facial hair and 59 human nail samples. DNA extraction and DNA sequencing were performed to identify the specific yeast species. The most predominant yeast species in humans and cats were selected for antifungal susceptibility testing (itraconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, and terbinafine). The findings unveiled diverse yeast species in cats and humans. Malassezia pachydermatis (45.8%) and Malassezia furfur (30.5%) were the most common yeast species in cats and humans, respectively. However, no significant correlation was detected between the yeast species identified in cats and their owners residing in the same household (p > 0.05). Miconazole exhibited the highest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against Malassezia pachydermatis and Malassezia furfur in both cat and human isolates, whereas terbinafine showed the lowest MICs against most Malassezia pachydermatis and Malassezia furfur in both cat and human isolates. Diverse yeast species in cat facial hair and human nails suggest possible cross-contamination among humans, pets, and environments.","['D002415', 'D006801', 'D000935', 'D000818', 'D009262', 'D008826', 'D008290', 'D006197', 'D015003', 'D000077291', 'D008825', 'D008297', 'D000076203', 'D005260']"
38924221,Agro-industrial by-products as ruminant feed: Nutritive value and in vitro rumen fermentation evaluation.,"In recent years, agricultural by-products have generated increasing interest as ruminant feed. In a completely randomized design with five experimental treatments, this in vitro study investigated the nutritional value of citrus pulp and onion peel as alternative feed for ruminants and their effects on rumen fermentation, digestibility, and gas production. The first group was the control (50% grass hay/50% concentrate mixture). The other four treatments represented citrus pulp and onion peel at inclusion levels of 10 and 20%, replacing the expensive, high-quality feed ingredients such as the concentrate mixture. The chemical composition showed that citrus pulp is an energy-rich material that could be included up to 20% to replace part of the concentrate in a mixed diet without any adverse impacts on rumen fermentation parameters. The onion peels were rich in fiber and minerals. Their inclusion in the diet of over 10% had detrimental effects on rumen fermentation. The inclusion of either citrus pulp or onion peel in the diet did not have the potential to reduce enteric methane production. In conclusion, citrus pulp showed promising results as a new feed for ruminants. It was effective when included in up to 20% of a ruminant diet, replacing the concentrate mixture.","['D000818', 'D012417', 'D000821', 'D005285', 'D002957', 'D009753', 'D012418', 'D004063', 'D004032', 'D008697', 'D000824', 'D019697', 'D066298', 'D004043', 'D002417']"
38924202,Proliferation and apoptosis dynamics of the normal canine mammary gland during the oestrous cycle evaluated by Ki-67 and Caspase-3 indexes.,"Understanding the normal physiology of the canine mammary gland (CMG) is crucial, as it provides a foundational reference for understanding canine mammary neoplasms. The relation between the Proliferation Index (PI) indicated by Ki-67 expression, along with the Apoptotic Index (AI) determined through Caspase-3 expression during the oestrous cycle, is inadequately documented in existing literature. This study seeks to offer insights into the interplay between PI and AI in the CMG across oestrous cycle phases. An extensive investigation was conducted on a diverse case series of bitches (n = 18). Oestrous cycle stages were determined through vaginal cytology, histological examination of the reproductive tract and serum progesterone and oestradiol concentrations. The entire mammary chain was histologically examined, and proliferation and apoptosis were assessed via double immunohistochemistry employing anti-Ki-67 and Caspase-3 antibodies. PI and AI were evaluated through a systematic random sampling approach, counting a minimum of 200 cells for each cell type. There was a significantly higher PI during early dioestrus in all mammary gland components, with a greater proportion of positive cells observed in epithelial cells compared to stromal cells. The highest PI was detected in epithelial cells within the end buds. Significant differences were found in Ki-67 labelling across the cranial mammary glands. A positive and strong correlation was noted between progesterone concentration and PI in epithelial cells. The AI remained consistently low throughout the oestrous cycle, with few differences observed across histological components. Caspase-3 labelling displayed the highest positivity in caudal mammary pairs. A negative and moderate correlation was identified between progesterone concentration and AI in interlobular mesenchymal cells. This study highlights the influence of endocrine regulation on cell proliferation indices in mammary tissue, emphasizing the need to consider these hormonal variations in toxicopathological studies involving canine mammary gland.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D019394', 'D004285', 'D017209', 'D008321', 'D053148', 'D049109', 'D030762', 'D011374', 'D004958', 'D004847']"
38924086,Chloride Modulates Central pH Sensitivity and Plasticity of Brainstem Breathing-Related Biorhythms in Zebra Finch Embryos.,"All terrestrial vertebrate life must transition from aquatic gas exchange in the embryonic environment to aerial or pulmonary respiration at birth. In addition to being able to breathe air, neonates must possess functional sensory feedback systems for maintaining acid-base balance. Respiratory neurons in the brainstem act as pH sensors that can adjust breathing to regulate systemic pH. The central pH sensitivity of breathing-related motor output develops over the embryonic period in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata). Due to the key role of chloride ions in electrochemical stability and developmental plasticity, we tested chloride's role in the development of central pH sensitivity. We blocked gamma-aminobutyric acid-A receptors and cation-chloride cotransport that subtly modulated the low-pH effects on early breathing biorhythms. Further, chloride-free artificial cerebrospinal fluid altered the pattern and timing of breathing biorhythms and blocked the stimulating effect of acidosis in E12-14 brainstems. Early and middle stage embryos exhibited rebound plasticity in brainstem motor outputs during low-pH treatment, which was eliminated by chloride-free solution. Results show that chloride modulates low-pH sensitivity and rebound plasticity in the zebra finch embryonic brainstem, but work is needed to determine the cellular and circuit mechanisms that control functional chloride balance during acid-base disturbances.","['D000818', 'D006863', 'D046369', 'D002712', 'D001933', 'D012119', 'D009473', 'D004625']"
38923622,TLR5 ligand induces the gene expression of antimicrobial peptides and CXCL8 through IL-1β gene expression in cultured rumen epithelial cells.,"High grain feeding or weaning, which could compromise the rumen epithelium by increasing ruminal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations with pH reduction, is associated with high levels of ruminal toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5). This study aimed to determine the role of TLR5 in the rumen epithelium. Immunohistochemistry revealed that TLR5 was localized in cells on the basal side (i.e., basal and spinous layers) rather than in the granular layer in the rumen epithelium, where tight junctions are most potent, in pre- and post-weaning calves (n = 9). Primary bovine rumen epithelial cells (BRECs) obtained from Holstein cows (n = 3) were cultured to investigate the factors that upregulate TLR5; however, SCFA, low pH (pH 5.6), BHBA, L-lactate, D-lactate, and LPS did not upregulate TLR5 gene expression in BREC. Primary BREC treated with flagellin (TLR5 ligand) had higher expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (P < 0.05) than BREC treated with vehicle. In addition, BREC treated with IL-1β had higher expression of antimicrobial peptides and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 than BREC treated with vehicle (P < 0.05). These results suggest that ruminal TLR5 may recognize epithelial disruption via flagellin and mediate the immune response via IL-1β during high-grain feeding or weaning.","['D000818', 'D051198', 'D012417', 'D002417', 'D004847', 'D053583', 'D002478', 'D015870', 'D016209', 'D014886', 'D000089882', 'D005408', 'D005232', 'D008024', 'D015854']"
38923230,Denatured collagen in keratin layers and smooth muscles of teats with low or high teat apex scores in Holstein dairy cows.,"We hypothesized that teats with a teat apex score (TAS) of 4 on a 4-point scale would exhibit elevated levels of denatured collagen compared with teats with lower TAS. We procured keratin layer and smooth muscle samples from Holsteins with TAS ranging from 1 to 4, as well as from crossbred heifers (Japanese Black male and Holstein female) with TAS of 1. Teats with a TAS of 4 demonstrated increased total collagen content, higher amounts of type I collagen (the harder, thicker variant), and reduced amounts of type III collagen (the softer, thinner variant) compared with teats with lower TAS. Teats with TAS of 3 and 4 exhibited evidence of damaged collagen in smooth muscle layers compared with teats with TAS of 1. Additionally, we identified 47-kDa heat shock protein-positive fibroblasts in the smooth muscles of teats with TAS of 3 and 4. Therefore, the smooth muscle of teats with a TAS of 4 exhibited increased amounts of denatured collagen in comparison to teats with lower TAS.","['D000818', 'D002417', 'D005260', 'D009130', 'D003094', 'D007633', 'D008321', 'D011489', 'D008297', 'D024042', 'D005347', 'D024061']"
38920055,Moth resonant mechanics are tuned to wingbeat frequency and energetic demands.,"An insect's wingbeat frequency is a critical determinant of its flight performance and varies by multiple orders of magnitude across Insecta. Despite potential energetic benefits for an insect that matches its wingbeat frequency to its resonant frequency, recent work has shown that moths may operate off their resonant peak. We hypothesized that across species, wingbeat frequency scales with resonance frequency to maintain favourable energetics, but with an offset in species that use frequency modulation as a means of flight control. The moth superfamily Bombycoidea is ideal for testing this hypothesis because their wingbeat frequencies vary across species by an order of magnitude, despite similar morphology and actuation. We used materials testing, high-speed videography and a model of resonant aerodynamics to determine how components of an insect's flight apparatus (stiffness, wing inertia, muscle strain and aerodynamics) vary with wingbeat frequency. We find that the resonant frequency of a moth correlates with wingbeat frequency, but resonance curve shape (described by the Weis-Fogh number) and peak location vary within the clade in a way that corresponds to frequency-dependent biomechanical demands. Our results demonstrate that a suite of adaptations in muscle, exoskeleton and wing drive variation in resonant mechanics, reflecting potential constraints on matching wingbeat and resonant frequencies.","['D000818', 'D014921', 'D005426', 'D009036', 'D001696']"
38918726,Histopathologic patterns of female genital tuberculosis with clinical correlation: a 10-year (2013-2022) retrospective cross-sectional study.,"Underdiagnosis of female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) often leads to infertility. In this study, we aimed to determine the site and histopathologic patterns of FGTB and its correlation with clinical presentation and acid-fast bacilli (AFB) status.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D014384', 'D003430', 'D012189', 'D000328', 'D005002', 'D055815', 'D008875', 'D008599', 'D007247', 'D004717', 'D000293', 'D002584', 'D017699', 'D005187', 'D010053', 'D015746', 'D014844', 'D004716']"
38916673,Transcriptomic Analysis of Pubertal and Adult Virgin Mouse Mammary Epithelial and Stromal Cell Populations.,"Conflicting data exist as to how mammary epithelial cell proliferation changes during the reproductive cycle. To study the effect of endogenous hormone fluctuations on gene expression in the mouse mammary gland, we performed bulk RNAseq analyses of epithelial and stromal cell populations that were isolated either during puberty or at different stages of the adult virgin estrous cycle. Our data confirm prior findings that proliferative changes do not occur in every mouse in every cycle. We also show that during the estrous cycle the main gene expression changes occur in adipocytes and fibroblasts. Finally, we present a comprehensive overview of the Wnt gene expression landscape in different mammary gland cell types in pubertal and adult mice. This work contributes to understanding the effects of physiological hormone fluctuations and locally produced signaling molecules on gene expression changes in the mammary gland during the reproductive cycle and should be a useful resource for future studies investigating gene expression patterns in different cell types across different developmental timepoints.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D051379', 'D008321', 'D017154', 'D004847', 'D059467', 'D020869', 'D012741', 'D049109', 'D030762']"
38916490,Generation of Oviductal Glycoprotein 1 Cre Mouse Model for the Study of Secretory Epithelial Cells of the Oviduct.,"The epithelial cell lining of the oviduct plays an important role in oocyte pickup, sperm migration, preimplantation embryo development, and embryo transport. The oviduct epithelial cell layer comprises ciliated and nonciliated secretory cells. The ciliary function has been shown to support gamete and embryo movement in the oviduct, yet secretory cell function has not been well characterized. Therefore, our goal was to generate a secretory cell-specific Cre recombinase mouse model to study the role of the oviductal secretory cells. A knock-in mouse model, Ovgp1Cre:eGFP, was created by expressing Cre from the endogenous Ovgp1 (oviductal glycoprotein 1) locus, with enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) as a reporter. EGFP signals were strongly detected in the secretory epithelial cells of the oviducts at estrus in adult Ovgp1Cre:eGFP mice. Signals were also detected in the ovarian stroma, uterine stroma, vaginal epithelial cells, epididymal epithelial cells, and elongated spermatids. To validate recombinase activity, progesterone receptor (PGR) expression was ablated using the Ovgp1Cre:eGFP; Pgrf/f mouse model. Surprisingly, the deletion was restricted to the epithelial cells of the uterotubal junction (UTJ) region of Ovgp1Cre:eGFP; Pgrf/f oviducts. Deletion of Pgr in the epithelial cells of the UTJ region had no effect on female fecundity. In summary, we found that eGFP signals were likely specific to secretory epithelial cells in all regions of the oviduct. However, due to a potential target-specific Cre activity, validation of appropriate recombination and expression of the gene(s) of interest is absolutely required to confirm efficient deletion when generating conditional knockout mice using the Ovgp1Cre:eGFP line.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D051379', 'D004847', 'D019426', 'D006023', 'D008297', 'D010057', 'D008822', 'D049452', 'D005187', 'D011980', 'D023421']"
38915771,The effect of green mussel ( Perna viridis) shells' hydroxyapatite application on alkaline phosphatase levels in rabbit femur bone defect.,"Background: A non-union fracture is one of the most common complications arising from an untreated fracture. Bone grafts are able to fasten bone healing which can prevent and cure non-union fractures. Therefore, alternative hydroxyapatite bone grafts from waste resources are needed to increase the availability of bone grafts in the healthcare system. A bone substitute, hydroxyapatite (HA), has the ability to prevent non-union fractures. Green mussel shell contains 95.69 percent HA, allowing for an annual production of 133.97-287.07 tons per ha of HA, and is a potent alternative material in the manufacture of HA. Methods: This research was conducted for four months using a true experimental research method with a post-test-only control group design. This study used 36 New Zealand rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus) which were divided into 9 groups: positive control, negative control, and intervention at weeks 2, 4 and 6 after the intervention. All groups were subjected to three general procedures: pre-surgery, surgery, and post-surgery. Results: The findings demonstrated that green mussel shell HA has efficacy in accelerating bone healing, better than HA bovine, as compared to the 6-week negative control group and demonstrated a significant difference ( p< 0.05). Conclusions: Green mussel hydroxyapatite is proven to be able to fasten and maximize the bone healing process as fast as bovine HA, and even has higher efficacy than bovine HA.","['D000818', 'D017886', 'D011817', 'D005269', 'D049883', 'D000469', 'D060105', 'D018786']"
38914633,"Oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide disrupts zebrafish visual development by altering apoptosis, antioxidant and estrogen related genes.","Hydrogen peroxide is considered deleterious molecule that cause cellular damage integrity and function. Its key redox signaling molecule in oxidative stress and exerts toxicity on a wide range of organisms. Thus, to understand whether oxidative stress alters visual development, zebrafish embryos were exposed to H2O2 at concentration of 0.02 to 62.5 mM for 7 days. Eye to body length ratio (EBR) and apoptosis in retina at 48 hpf, and optomotor response (OMR) at 7 dpf were all measured. To investigate whether hydrogen peroxide-induced effects were mediated by oxidative stress, embryos were co-incubated with the antioxidant, glutathione (GSH) at 50 μM. Results revealed that concentrations of H2O2 at or above 0.1 mM induced developmental toxicity, leading to increased mortality and hatching delay. Furthermore, exposure to 0.1 mM H2O2 decreased EBR at 48 hpf and impaired OMR visual behavior at 7 dpf. Additionally, exposure increased the area of apoptotic cells in the retina at 48 hpf. The addition of GSH reversed the effects of H2O2, suggesting the involvement of oxidative stress. H2O2 decreased the expression of eye development-related genes, pax6α and pax6β. The expression of apoptosis-related genes, tp53, casp3 and bax, significantly increased, while bcl2α expression decreased. Antioxidant-related genes sod1, cat and gpx1a showed decreased expression. Expression levels of estrogen receptors (ERs) (esr1, esr2α, and esr2β) and ovarian and brain aromatase genes (cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b, respectively) were also significantly reduced. Interestingly, co-incubation of GSH effectivity reversed the impact of H2O2 on most parameters. Overall, these results demonstrate that H2O2 induces adverse effects on visual development via oxidative stress, which leads to alter apoptosis, diminished antioxidant defenses and reduced estrogen production.","['D000818', 'D018384', 'D017209', 'D015027', 'D006861', 'D000975', 'D029961', 'D005978', 'D012160', 'D004967', 'D018507', 'D004625', 'D014785']"
38914580,Single and combined toxicity of tadalafil (Cilais) and microplastic in Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus).,"The joint impact of tadalafil (Cilais) as a pharmaceutical residue and microplastics on fish is not well comprehended. The current study examined haematological, biochemical, and antioxidant parameters, along with immunohistochemical and histological indications in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after being exposed to tadalafil, polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs), and their mixtures for 15 days. The fish were distributed into 1st group control group (The fish was maintained in untreated water without any supplements); 2nd group exposed to 10 mg/L PE-MPs;3rd group exposed to 20 mg/l tadalafil (Cilais); 4th group exposed to 20 mg/l tadalafil (Cilais) + 10 mg/LPE-MPs (in triplicate). The levels of creatinine, uric acid, glucose, AST, ALT, and albumin in fish treated with tadalafil alone or in combination with PE-MPs were significantly higher than those in the control group. Fish exposed to PE-MPs, tadalafil, and tadalafil plus PE-MPs showed significantly lower levels of RBCs, Hb, Ht, neutrophils, and lymphocytes compared to the control group. Serum levels of total antioxidant capacity and reduced glutathione (GSH) were notably lowered in fish groups subjected to PE-MPs, tadalafil, and tadalafil + PE-MPs combinations in comparison to the control group. Malondialdehyde (MDA) serum levels were notably elevated in fish groups subjected to PE-MPs, tadalafil, and tadalafil + PE-MPs combinations compared to the control group. The most severe impact was observed in the tadalafil + PE-MPs combination group. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly increased in liver tissues following exposure to both tadalafil and microplastics compared to tissues exposed to only one substance or the control group. Changes in the gills, liver, and renal tissues were seen following exposure to PE-MPs, tadalafil, and tadalafil + PE-MPs combination in comparison to the control group of fish. Ultimately, the mixture of tadalafil and PE-MPs resulted in the most detrimental outcomes. Tadalafil and PE-MPs exhibited showed greater adverse effects, likely due to tadalafil being absorbed onto PE-MPs.","['D000818', 'D000068581', 'D023681', 'D014874', 'D000080545', 'D000975', 'D017210', 'D005978', 'D005880', 'D018384']"
38913324,A Lifeact-EGFP quail for studying actin dynamics in vivo.,"Here, we report the generation of a transgenic Lifeact-EGFP quail line for the investigation of actin organization and dynamics during morphogenesis in vivo. This transgenic avian line allows for the high-resolution visualization of actin structures within the living embryo, from the subcellular filaments that guide cell shape to the supracellular assemblies that coordinate movements across tissues. The unique suitability of avian embryos to live imaging facilitates the investigation of previously intractable processes during embryogenesis. Using high-resolution live imaging approaches, we present the dynamic behaviors and morphologies of cellular protrusions in different tissue contexts. Furthermore, through the integration of live imaging with computational segmentation, we visualize cells undergoing apical constriction and large-scale actin structures such as multicellular rosettes within the neuroepithelium. These findings not only enhance our understanding of tissue morphogenesis but also demonstrate the utility of the Lifeact-EGFP transgenic quail as a new model system for live in vivo investigations of the actin cytoskeleton.","['D000818', 'D049452', 'D030801', 'D011784', 'D000199', 'D008841', 'D009024', 'D004625']"
38912770,Embryo Microinjection for Transgenesis in Drosophila.,"Transgenesis in Drosophila is an essential approach to studying gene function at the organism level. Embryo microinjection is a crucial step for the construction of transgenic flies. Microinjection requires some types of equipment, including a microinjector, a micromanipulator, an inverted microscope, and a stereo microscope. Plasmids isolated with a plasmid miniprep kit are qualified for microinjection. Embryos at the pre-blastoderm or syncytial blastoderm stage, where nuclei share a common cytoplasm, are subjected to microinjection. A cell strainer eases the process of dechorionating embryos. The optimal time for dechorionation and desiccation of embryos needs to be determined experimentally. To increase the efficiency of embryo microinjection, needles prepared by a puller need to be beveled by a needle grinder. In the process of grinding needles, we utilize a foot air pump with a pressure gauge to avoid the capillary effect of the needle tip. We routinely inject 120-140 embryos for each plasmid and obtain at least one transgenic line for around 85% of plasmids. This article takes the phiC31 integrase-mediated transgenesis in Drosophila as an example and presents a detailed protocol for embryo microinjection for transgenesis in Drosophila.","['D000818', 'D008845', 'D018014', 'D004330', 'D010957', 'D004625', 'D030801', 'D019426']"
38910145,In vitro fermentation end-products and rumen microbiome as influenced by microencapsulated phytonutrient pellets (LEDRAGON) supplementation.,"The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of microencapsulated bioactive compounds from lemongrass mixed dragon fruit peel pellet (MiEn-LEDRAGON) supplementation on fermentation characteristics, nutrient degradability, methane production, and the microbial diversity using in vitro gas production technique. The study was carried out using a completely randomized design (CRD) with five levels of MiEn-LEDRAGON supplementation at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% of the total dry matter (DM) substrate. Supplementation of MiEn-LEDRAGON in the diet at levels of 3 or 4% DM resulted in increased (p < 0.05) cumulative gas production at 96 hours (h) of incubation time, reaching up to 84.842 ml/ 0.5 g DM. Furthermore, supplementation with 3% MiEn-LEDRAGON resulted in higher in vitro nutrient degradability and ammonia-nitrogen concentration at 24 h of the incubation time when compared to the control group (without supplementation) by 5.401% and 11.268%, respectively (p < 0.05). Additionally, supplementation with MiEn-LEDRAGON in the diet led to an increase in the population of Fibrobacter succinogenes at 24 h and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens at 12 h, while decreasing the population of Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Methanobacteriales (p < 0.05). Moreover, supplementation of MiEn-LEDRAGON in the diet at levels of 2 to 4% DM resulted in a higher total volatile fatty acids (VFA) at 24 h, reaching up to 73.021 mmol/L (p < 0.05). Additionally, there was an increased proportion of propionic acid (C3) and butyric acid (C4) at 12 h (p < 0.05). Simultaneously, there was a decrease in the proportion of acetic acid (C2) and the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid (C2:C3), along with a reduction of methane (CH4) production by 11.694% when comparing to the 0% and 3% MiEn-LEDRAGON supplementation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study suggests that supplementing MiEn-LEDRAGON at 3% of total DM substrate could be used as a feed additive rich in phytonutrients for ruminants.","['D012417', 'D005285', 'D000818', 'D000069196', 'D019587', 'D008697', 'D000821', 'D064209', 'D005232']"
38902837,Evaluation of forelimb gait variation overground at a walk in sound and lame dogs using a combination of diagnostic techniques.,"Kinetic and kinematic gait analysis is increasingly practised as a part of lameness evaluation in dogs. The aim of this study was to examine the normal short- and long-term variation in forelimb gait in sound control dogs (CD) at a walk using seven selected variables of objective kinetic and kinematic gait analyses. Also, to compare the findings in CD to a group of forelimb lame dogs with elbow osteoarthritis (OAD). An additional aim was to test a kinetic based graphic method for lameness detection; symmetry squares (SS). A prospective longitudinal study was carried out on client owned CD and OAD. Clinical and orthopaedic evaluations were performed to ensure soundness and detect and grade lameness. Seven kinetic and kinematic variables and SS were tested for lameness evaluation. The CD were divided into two subgroups, CD1 and CD2, and examined twice: CD1 with two months interval and CD2 with 3-4 h interval. The OAD group was evaluated once and compared to the CD groups' first examination.","['D000818', 'D004285', 'D007794', 'D004283', 'D005552', 'D005684', 'D000077107', 'D008297', 'D011446', 'D008137', 'D005260', 'D001696', 'D010003', 'D016138']"
38902596,"Breeding for resilience in finishing pigs can decrease tail biting, lameness and mortality.","Previous research showed that deviations in longitudinal data are heritable and can be used as a proxy for pigs' general resilience. However, only a few studies investigated the relationship between these resilience traits and other traits related to resilience and welfare. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between resilience traits derived from deviations in longitudinal data and traits related to animal resilience, health and welfare, such as tail and ear biting wounds, lameness and mortality.","['D000818', 'D007794', 'D013552', 'D013623', 'D001733', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D001835', 'D001947', 'D019655', 'D010641', 'D013553']"
38902334,"Identification of sulfakinin receptor regulating feeding behavior and hemolymph trehalose homeostasis in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.","Feeding behavior, the most fundamental physiological activity, is controlled by two opposing groups of factors, orexigenic and anorexigenic factors. The sulfakinin family, an insect analogue of the mammalian satiety factor cholecystokinin (CCK), has been shown to suppress food intake in various insects. Nevertheless, the mechanisms through which sulfakinin regulates feeding behavior remain a biological question. This study aimed to elucidate the signaling pathway mediated by the anorexigenic peptide sulfakinin in Bombyx mori. We identified the Bombyx mori neuropeptide G protein-coupled receptor A9 (BNGR-A9) as the receptor for sulfakinin through functional assays. Stimulation with sulfakinin triggered a swift increase in intracellular IP3, Ca2+, and a notable enhancement of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, in a manner sensitive to a Gαq-specific inhibitor. Treatment with synthetic sulfakinin resulted in decreased food consumption and average body weight. Additionally, administering synthetic sulfakinin to silkworms significantly elevated hemolymph trehalose levels, an effect markedly reduced by pre-treatment with BNGR-A9 dsRNA. Consequently, our findings establish the sulfakinin/BNGR-A9 signaling pathway as a critical regulator of feeding behavior and hemolymph trehalose homeostasis in Bombyx mori, highlighting its roles in the negative control of food intake and the positive regulation of energy balance.","['D000818', 'D012831', 'D014199', 'D006458', 'D005247', 'D006706', 'D019476', 'D043562', 'D009479', 'D015398']"
38902251,Proteomic analysis reveals dynamic changes in cloacal fluid composition during the reproductive season in a sexually promiscuous passerine.,"Cryptic female choice (CFC) is a component of postcopulatory sexual selection that allows females to influence the fertilization success of sperm from different males. While its precise mechanisms remain unclear, they may involve the influence of the protein composition of the female reproductive fluids on sperm functionality. This study maps the protein composition of the cloacal fluid across different phases of female reproductive cycle in a sexually promiscuous passerine, the barn swallow. Similar to mammals, the protein composition in the female reproductive tract differed between receptive (when females copulate) and nonreceptive phases. With the change in the protein background, the enriched gene ontology terms also shifted. Within the receptive phase, distinctions were observed between proteomes sampled just before and during egg laying. However, three proteins exhibited increased abundance during the entire receptive phase compared to nonreceptive phases. These proteins are candidates in cryptic female choice, as all of them can influence the functionality of sperm or sperm-egg interaction. Our study demonstrates dynamic changes in the cloacal environment throughout the avian breeding cycle, emphasizing the importance of considering these fluctuations in studies of cryptic female choice.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D040901', 'D002988', 'D008297', 'D012098', 'D020543', 'D012621', 'D012726', 'D013094', 'D046109']"
38900829,"Effectiveness of functional ingredients to enhance gill disease in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.).","The development and application of functional feed ingredients represents a great opportunity to advance fish growth and health, boost the immune system, and induce physiological benefits beyond those provided by traditional feeds. In the present study, we looked at the feasibility of in vitro methods for screening the qualities of functional feed ingredients using the fish cell line RTgill-W1, which has never been used in fish nutrition, and the culture of Paramoeba perurans. Five functional feed ingredients (arginine, β-glucan, vitamin C, and two phytogenic feed additives) were selected to investigate their effects on cell viability and reactive oxygen species production. Three of the selected ingredients (arginine and two phytogenic feed additives) were additionally tested to assess their potential amoebicidal activity. As these functional ingredients are the core of a commercially available feed (Protec Gill, Skretting AS), their beneficial effects were further assessed in a field trial in fish affected by complex gill disease. Here, the analyzed parameters included the evaluation of macroscopic and histopathological gill conditions, pathogen detections, and analyses of plasma parameters. RTgill-W1 cell line assays were a good tool for screening functional ingredients and provided information about the optimal ingredient concentration ranges, which can be helpful for adjusting the concentrations in future feed diets. Through the culture of P. perurans, the tested ingredients showed a clear amoebicidal activity, suggesting that their inclusions in dietary supplements could be a viable way to prevent microbial infections. A three-week period of feeding Protec Gill slowed the disease progression, by reducing the pathogen load and significantly improving gill tissue conditions, as revealed by histological evaluation. The use of diets containing selected functional ingredients may be a feasible strategy for preventing or mitigating the increasingly common gill diseases, particularly in cases of complex gill disease, as documented in this study.","['D000818', 'D020317', 'D000821', 'D005393', 'D005880', 'D002460', 'D047071', 'D001120', 'D001205', 'D017382', 'D019587', 'D000562', 'D002470']"
38900560,Cyclic muscle contractions reinforce the actomyosin motors and mediate the full elongation of C. elegans embryo.,"The paramount importance of mechanical forces in morphogenesis and embryogenesis is widely recognized, but understanding the mechanism at the cellular and molecular level remains challenging. Because of its simple internal organization, Caenorhabditis elegans is a rewarding system of study. As demonstrated experimentally, after an initial period of steady elongation driven by the actomyosin network, muscle contractions operate a quasi-periodic sequence of bending, rotation, and torsion, that leads to the final fourfold size of the embryos before hatching. How actomyosin and muscles contribute to embryonic elongation is investigated here theoretically. A filamentary elastic model that converts stimuli generated by biochemical signals in the tissue into driving forces, explains embryonic deformation under actin bundles and muscle activity, and dictates mechanisms of late elongation based on the effects of energy conversion and dissipation. We quantify this dynamic transformation by stretches applied to a cylindrical structure that mimics the body shape in finite elasticity, obtaining good agreement and understanding of both wild-type and mutant embryos at all stages.","['D017173', 'D000818', 'D000205', 'D009119', 'D004625', 'D047108', 'D009024', 'D008954', 'D001696']"
38900170,Mitochondria Transplantation: Rescuing Innate Muscle Bioenergetic Impairment in a Model of Aging and Exercise Intolerance.,"Arroum, T, Hish, GA, Burghardt, KJ, Ghamloush, M, Bazzi, B, Mrech, A, Morse, PT, Britton, SL, Koch, LG, McCully, JD, Hüttemann, M, and Malek, MH. Mitochondria transplantation: Rescuing innate muscle bioenergetic impairment in a model of aging and exercise intolerance. J Strength Cond Res 38(7): 1189-1199, 2024-Mitochondria, through oxidative phosphorylation, are crucial for energy production. Disease, genetic impairment, or deconditioning can harm muscle mitochondria, affecting energy production. Endurance training enhances mitochondrial function but assumes mobility. Individuals with limited mobility lack effective treatments for mitochondrial dysfunction because of disease or aging. Mitochondrial transplantation replaces native mitochondria that have been damaged with viable, respiration-competent mitochondria. Here, we used a rodent model selectively bred for low-capacity running (LCR), which exhibits innate mitochondrial dysfunction in the hind limb muscles. Hence, the purpose of this study was to use a distinct breed of rats (i.e., LCR) that display hereditary skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction to evaluate the consequences of mitochondrial transplantation. We hypothesized that the transplantation of mitochondria would effectively alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction in the hind limb muscles of rats when compared with placebo injections. In addition, we hypothesized that rats receiving the mitochondrial transplantation would experience an improvement in their functional capacity, as evaluated through incremental treadmill testing. Twelve aged LCR male rats (18 months old) were randomized into 2 groups (placebo or mitochondrial transplantation). One LCR rat of the same age and sex was used as the donor to isolate mitochondria from the hindlimb muscles. Isolated mitochondria were injected into both hindlimb muscles (quadriceps femoris, tibialis anterior (TA), and gastrocnemius complex) of a subset LCR (n = 6; LCR-M) rats. The remaining LCR (n = 5; LCR-P) subset received a placebo injection containing only the vehicle without the isolated mitochondria. Four weeks after mitochondrial transplantation, rodents were euthanized and hindlimb muscles harvested. The results indicated a significant (p < 0.05) increase in mitochondrial markers for glycolytic (plantaris and TA) and mixed (quadricep femoris) muscles, but not oxidative muscle (soleus). Moreover, we found significant (p < 0.05) epigenetic changes (i.e., hypomethylation) at the global and site-specific levels for a key mitochondrial regulator (transcription factor A mitochondrial) between the placebo and mitochondrial transplantation groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the efficacy of mitochondrial transplantation in a rodent model of aging with congenital skeletal muscle dysfunction.","['D000818', 'D018482', 'D051381', 'D008297', 'D000375', 'D008931', 'D017079', 'D004734', 'D010805', 'D004195', 'D006614', 'D010085']"
38896757,Discrimination of cryptic species: Tabanus triangulum and Tabanus occidentalis (Diptera: Tabanidae) differ in size and shape.,"Horse fly females (Diptera, Tabanidae) are hematophagous and can vector pathogens that affect livestock. Complexes of cryptic species are common in Tabanidae, as exemplified by some species of Tabanus, including Tabanus triangulum and Tabanus occidentalis, both prevalent in the Southern region of Brazil. In this study, geometric morphometrics were employed to ascertain the wing venation in species identification. It was demonstrated that this tool effectively differentiates T. triangulum from T. occidentalis in the coastal plain of Rio Grande do Sul state, situated within the Pampa biome. The results indicate that T. triangulum and T. occidentalis occupy distinct regions of the morphological space, allowing their precise identification through geometric morphometrics, which is fast, affordable, and easy to implement.","['D000818', 'D004175', 'D005260', 'D001938', 'D049628', 'D014921']"
38896604,A subpopulation of tissue remodeling monocytes stimulates revascularization of the ischemic limb.,"Despite decades of effort aimed at developing clinically effective cell therapies, including mixed population mononuclear cells, to revascularize the ischemic limb, there remains a paucity of patient-based studies that inform the function and fate of candidate cell types. In this study, we showed that circulating proangiogenic/arteriogenic monocytes (PAMs) expressing the FcγIIIA receptor CD16 were elevated in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), and these amounts decreased after revascularization. Unlike CD16-negative monocytes, PAMs showed large vessel remodeling properties in vitro when cultured with endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells and promoted salvage of the ischemic limb in vivo in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia. PAMs showed a propensity to migrate toward and bind to ischemic muscle and to secrete angiogenic/arteriogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor. We instigated a first-in-human single-arm cohort study in which autologous PAMs were injected into the ischemic limbs of five patients with CLTI. Greater than 25% of injected cells were retained in the leg for at least 72 hours, of which greater than 80% were viable, with evidence of enhanced large vessel remodeling in the injected muscle area. In summary, we identified up-regulation of a circulatory PAM subpopulation as an endogenous response to limb ischemia in CLTI and tested a potentially clinically relevant therapeutic strategy.","['D006801', 'D009000', 'D000818', 'D007511', 'D018919', 'D006614', 'D017452', 'D051379', 'D008297', 'D042461', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D002465', 'D066257']"
38896085,Greatwall-Endos-PP2A/B55Twins network regulates translation and stability of maternal transcripts in the Drosophila oocyte-to-embryo transition.,"The transition from oocyte to embryo requires translation of maternally provided transcripts that in Drosophila is activated by Pan Gu kinase to release a rapid succession of 13 mitotic cycles. Mitotic entry is promoted by several protein kinases that include Greatwall/Mastl, whose Endosulfine substrates antagonize Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A), facilitating mitotic Cyclin-dependent kinase 1/Cyclin B kinase activity. Here we show that hyperactive greatwallScant can not only be suppressed by mutants in its Endos substrate but also by mutants in Pan Gu kinase subunits. Conversely, mutants in me31B or trailer hitch, which encode a complex that represses hundreds of maternal mRNAs, enhance greatwallScant . Me31B and Trailer Hitch proteins, known substrates of Pan Gu kinase, copurify with Endos. This echoes findings that budding yeast Dhh1, orthologue of Me31B, associates with Igo1/2, orthologues of Endos and substrates of the Rim15, orthologue of Greatwall. endos-derived mutant embryos show reduced Me31B and elevated transcripts for the mitotic activators Cyclin B, Polo and Twine/Cdc25. Together, our findings demonstrate a previously unappreciated conservation of the Greatwall-Endosulfine pathway in regulating translational repressors and its interactions with the Pan Gu kinase pathway to regulate translation and/or stability of maternal mRNAs upon egg activation.","['D000818', 'D029721', 'D009865', 'D054648', 'D018507', 'D014176', 'D004331', 'D009154', 'D005260', 'D017346', 'D004625', 'D020871', 'D023121', 'D053487']"
38893480,The Key Role of Amino Acids in Pollen Quality and Honey Bee Physiology-A Review.,"When studying honey bee nutrition, it is important to pay attention not only to the quantity but also to the quality of pollen for floral visitors. The recommended way to determine the value of pollen is to determine both the protein concentration and the amino acid composition in the insect's hemolymph. In addition, the composition of pollen also includes lipids, sterols and biogenic elements such as carbon, nitrogen, etc. Very high protein concentration is observed in aloe pollen, averaging 51%. Plants with a high protein content, at the level of 27% in Europe, are rapeseed and phacelia. In turn, a plant that is poor in protein (at the level of 11%) is buckwheat. The aforementioned plants are sown over very large areas. Vast acreages in Central and Eastern Europe are occupied by pollen- and nectar-providing invasive plants, such as goldenrod. Therefore, bees are forced to use one food source-a mono diet-which results in their malnutrition. In the absence of natural pollen, beekeepers use other foods for bees; including soy protein, powdered milk, egg yolks, fish meal, etc. However, the colony is the strongest when bees are fed with pollen, as opposed to artificial protein diets. More research is needed on the relationship between bee pollen composition and nutrition, as measured by protein concentration and amino acid composition in apian hemolymph, colony strength, honey yield and good overwintering.","['D001516', 'D011058', 'D000818', 'D000596', 'D006458']"
38893289,Copper-Nanoparticle-Induced Neurotoxic Effect and Oxidative Stress in the Early Developmental Stage of Zebrafish (Danio rerio).,"Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) are extensively used in electronics, cosmetics, fungicides, and various other fields due to their distinctive qualities. However, this widespread usage can contribute to environmental contamination and heightened health risks for living organisms. Despite their prevalent use, the ecological impacts and biosafety of CuNPs remain inadequately understood. The present study aims to delve into the potential toxic effects of CuNPs on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, focusing on multiple indexes such as embryonic development, neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response. The results revealed a notable increase in the death rate and deformity rate, alongside varying degrees of decrease in hatching rate and heart rate following CuNPs exposure. Particularly, the frequency of spontaneous tail coiling significantly declined under exposure to CuNPs at concentrations of 500 µg/L. Furthermore, CuNPs exposure induced alterations in the transcriptional expression of GABA signaling pathway-related genes (gabra1, gad, abat, and gat1), indicating potential impacts on GABA synthesis, release, catabolism, recovery, and receptor binding. Additionally, CuNPs triggered oxidative stress, evidenced by disruption in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, along with elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. This oxidative stress subsequently led to a proinflammatory cascade, as demonstrated by the increased transcriptional expression of inflammatory markers (il-1β, tnf-α, il-6, and il-8). Comparative analysis with copper ion (provided as CuCl2) exposure highlighted more significant changes in most indexes with CuCl2, indicating greater toxicity compared to CuNPs at equivalent concentrations. In conclusion, these findings provide valuable insights into the toxic effects of CuNPs on zebrafish embryo development and neurotransmitter conduction. Furthermore, they present technical methodologies for assessing environmental and health risks associated with CuNPs, contributing to a better understanding of their biosafety and ecological impact.","['D000818', 'D015027', 'D018384', 'D003300', 'D053768', 'D004625', 'D047108']"
38892716,Exploring the Impact of Extra Virgin Olive Oil on Maternal Immune System and Breast Milk Composition in Rats.,"Maternal breast milk plays a key role in providing newborns with passive immunity and stimulating the maturation of an infant's immune system, protecting them from many diseases. It is known that diet can influence the immune system of lactating mothers and the composition of their breast milk. The aim of this study was to establish if a supplementation during the gestation and lactation of Lewis rats with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), due to the high proportion of antioxidant components in its composition, has an impact on the mother's immune system and on the breast milk's immune composition. For this, 10 mL/kg of either EVOO, refined oil (control oil) or water (REF group) were orally administered once a day to rats during gestation and lactation periods. Immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations and gene expressions of immune molecules were quantified in several compartments of the mothers. The EVOO group showed higher IgA levels in both the breast milk and the mammary glands than the REF group. In addition, the gene expression of IgA in mammary glands was also boosted by EVOO consumption. Overall, EVOO supplementation during gestation and lactation is safe and does not negatively affect the mother's immune system while improving breast milk immune composition by increasing the presence of IgA, which could be critical for an offspring's immune health.","['D000818', 'D000069463', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D007774', 'D051381', 'D011917', 'D039382', 'D007070', 'D007107', 'D019587', 'D008321', 'D008892', 'D008895']"
38892420,Exploring the Interplay between the Hologenome and Complex Traits in Bovine and Porcine Animals Using Genome-Wide Association Analysis.,"Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) significantly enhance our ability to identify trait-associated genomic variants by considering the host genome. Moreover, the hologenome refers to the host organism's collective genetic material and its associated microbiome. In this study, we utilized the hologenome framework, called Hologenome-wide association studies (HWAS), to dissect the architecture of complex traits, including milk yield, methane emissions, rumen physiology in cattle, and gut microbial composition in pigs. We employed four statistical models: (1) GWAS, (2) Microbial GWAS (M-GWAS), (3) HWAS-CG (hologenome interaction estimated using COvariance between Random Effects Genome-based restricted maximum likelihood (CORE-GREML)), and (4) HWAS-H (hologenome interaction estimated using the Hadamard product method). We applied Bonferroni correction to interpret the significant associations in the complex traits. The GWAS and M-GWAS detected one and sixteen significant SNPs for milk yield traits, respectively, whereas the HWAS-CG and HWAS-H each identified eight SNPs. Moreover, HWAS-CG revealed four, and the remaining models identified three SNPs each for methane emissions traits. The GWAS and HWAS-CG detected one and three SNPs for rumen physiology traits, respectively. For the pigs' gut microbial composition traits, the GWAS, M-GWAS, HWAS-CG, and HWAS-H identified 14, 16, 13, and 12 SNPs, respectively. We further explored these associations through SNP annotation and by analyzing biological processes and functional pathways. Additionally, we integrated our GWA results with expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data using transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) and summary-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) methods for a more comprehensive understanding of SNP-trait associations. Our study revealed hologenomic variability in agriculturally important traits, enhancing our understanding of host-microbiome interactions.","['D000818', 'D055106', 'D020641', 'D002417', 'D013552', 'D040641', 'D000069196', 'D012417', 'D010641', 'D008697', 'D008892', 'D016678']"
38892271,Effects of Dandelion Extract on Promoting Production Performance and Reducing Mammary Oxidative Stress in Dairy Cows Fed High-Concentrate Diet.,"This study investigated the effects of rumen bypass dandelion extract on the lactation performance, immune index, and mammary oxidative stress of lactating dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. This study used a complete randomized block design, and initial milk production, somatic cell counts, and parities were set as block factors. Sixty Holstein cows with similar health conditions and lactating periods (70 ± 15 d) were divided into three groups with 20 replicates per group. The treatments included the LCD group (low-concentrate diet, concentrate-forage = 4:6), HCD group (high-concentrate group, concentrate-forage = 6:4), and DAE group (dandelion aqueous extract group, HCD group with 0.5% DAE). The experimental period was 35 d, and cows were fed three times in the morning, afternoon, and night with free access to water. The results showed the following: (1) Milk production in the HCD and DAE groups was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in the LCD group from WK4, and the milk quality differed during the experimental period. (2) The HCD group's pH values significantly differed (p < 0.01) from those of the LCD and DAE groups. (3) In WK2 and WK4 of the experimental period, the somatic cell counts of dairy cows in the HCD group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those in the DAE group. (4) The serum concentrations of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and protein carbonyl (PC) in the HCD group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those in the LCD group. The activity of catalase (CAT) in the LCD and DAE groups was stronger (p < 0.01) than that in the HCD group. (5) The correlation analysis revealed significantly positive correlations between the plasma LPS concentration and serum concentrations of 8-OHdG (p < 0.01), PC (p < 0.01), and malondialdehyde (MDA, p < 0.05) and significantly negative correlations (p < 0.01) between the plasma LPS concentration and activities of CAT and superoxide dismutase. (6) Compared with that in the HCD and DAE groups, the mRNA expression of α, β, and κ casein and acetyl CoA carboxylase in bovine mammary epithelial cells was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the LCD group, and the mRNA expression of fatty acid synthetase and stearoyl CoA desaturase in the LCD group was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than that in the HCD group. (7) Compared with that in the LCD and HCD groups, the mRNA expression of Nrf2 was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the DAE group, and the mRNA expression of cystine/glutamate transporter and NAD (P) H quinone oxidoreductase 1 in the DAE group was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in the HCD group. Overall, feeding a high-concentrate diet could increase the milk yield of dairy cows, but the milk quality, rumen homeostasis, and antioxidative capability were adversely affected. The supplementation of DAE in a high-concentrate diet enhanced antioxidative capability by activating the Nrf2 regulatory factor and improved rumen homeostasis and production performance.","['D000818', 'D002417', 'D018384', 'D005260', 'D031205', 'D007774', 'D008892', 'D008321', 'D010936', 'D004032', 'D000821']"
38892229,The Therapeutic Potential of Intra-Articular Injection of Synthetic Deer Antler Peptides in a Rat Model of Knee Osteoarthritis.,"Synthetic deer antler peptides (TSKYR, TSK, and YR) stimulate the proliferation of human chondrocytes and osteoblasts and increase the chondrocyte content of collagen and glycosamino-glycan in vitro. This study investigated the peptide mixture's pain relief and chondroprotective effect in a rat model of collagenase-induced osteoarthritis. Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control (saline), positive control (hyaluronic acid), and ex-perimental (peptides). Intra-articular collagenase injections were administered on days 1 and 4 to induce osteoarthritis in the left knees of the rats. Two injections of saline, hyaluronic acid, or the peptides were injected into the same knees of each corresponding group at the beginning of week one and two, respectively. Joint swelling, arthritic pain, and histopathological changes were evaluated. Injection of the peptides significantly reduced arthritic pain compared to the control group, as evidenced by the closer-to-normal weight-bearing and paw withdrawal threshold test results. Histological analyses showed reduced cartilage matrix loss and improved total cartilage degeneration score in the experimental versus the control group. Our findings suggest that intra-articular injection of synthetic deer antler peptides is a promising treatment for osteoarthritis.","['D000818', 'D007270', 'D000999', 'D020370', 'D008297', 'D003670', 'D051381', 'D017207', 'D010455', 'D004195', 'D006820', 'D002358', 'D017364']"
38892045,"Comparison of the Effects of Essential Oils from Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica on Selected Bacteria, Rumen Fermentation, and Methane Production-In Vitro Study.","This study aimed to evaluate the effects of essential oils (EOs) extracted from Cannabis sativa L. and Cannabis indica Lam. on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics, selected rumen microbial populations, and methane production. GC-MS analyses allowed us to identify 89 compounds in both EOs. It was found that E-β-caryophyllene predominated in C. sativa (18.4%) and C. indica (24.1%). An in vitro (Ankom) test was performed to analyse the control and monensin groups, as well as the 50 µL or 100 µL EOs. The samples for volatile fatty acids (VFAs), lactate, and microbiological analysis were taken before incubation and after 6 and 24 h. The application of EOs of C. indica resulted in an increase in the total VFAs of acetate and propionate after 6 h of incubation. The applied EOs had a greater impact on the reduction in methane production after 6 h, but no apparent effect was noted after 24 h. Lower concentrations of C. sativa and C. indica had a more pronounced effect on Lactobacillus spp. and Buryrivibrio spp. than monensin. The presented findings suggest that C. sativa and C. indica supplementation can modify ruminal fermentation, the concentrations of specific volatile fatty acids, and methane production.","['D012417', 'D009822', 'D008697', 'D000818', 'D005285', 'D002188', 'D005232', 'D001419']"
38891869,The Tilapia Cyst Tissue Enclosing the Proliferating Myxobolus bejeranoi Parasite Exhibits Cornified Structure and Immune Barrier Function.,"Myxozoa, a unique group of obligate endoparasites within the phylum Cnidaria, can cause emerging diseases in wild and cultured fish populations. Recently, the myxozoan Myxobolus bejeranoi has been identified as a prevalent pathogen infecting the gills of cultured hybrid tilapia, leading to systemic immune suppression and considerable mortality. Here, we employed a proteomic approach to examine the impact of M. bejeranoi infection on fish gills, focusing on the structure of the granulomata, or cyst, formed around the proliferating parasite to prevent its spread to surrounding tissue. Enrichment analysis showed increased immune response and oxidative stress in infected gill tissue, most markedly in the cyst's wall. The intense immune reaction included a consortium of endopeptidase inhibitors, potentially combating the myxozoan arsenal of secreted proteases. Analysis of the cyst's proteome and histology staining indicated that keratin intermediate filaments contribute to its structural rigidity. Moreover, we uncovered skin-specific proteins, including a grainyhead-like transcription factor and a teleost-specific S100 calcium-binding protein that may play a role in epithelial morphogenesis and cysts formation. These findings deepen our understanding of the proteomic elements that grant the cyst its distinctive nature at the critical interface between the fish host and myxozoan parasite.","['D000818', 'D017210', 'D005393', 'D055766', 'D005880', 'D040901', 'D003560', 'D006790', 'D010273', 'D020543', 'D029941']"
38891781,NinaB and BCO Collaboratively Participate in the β-Carotene Catabolism in Crustaceans: A Case Study on Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis.,"Carotenoid cleavage oxygenases can cleave carotenoids into a range of biologically important products. Carotenoid isomerooxygenase (NinaB) and β, β-carotene 15, 15'-monooxygenase (BCO1) are two important oxygenases. In order to understand the roles that both oxygenases exert in crustaceans, we first investigated NinaB-like (EsNinaBl) and BCO1-like (EsBCO1l) within the genome of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). Their functions were then deciphered through an analysis of their expression patterns, an in vitro β-carotene degradation assay, and RNA interference. The results showed that both EsNinaBl and EsBCO1l contain an RPE65 domain and exhibit high levels of expression in the hepatopancreas. During the molting stage, EsNinaBl exhibited significant upregulation in stage C, whereas EsBCO1l showed significantly higher expression levels at stage AB. Moreover, dietary supplementation with β-carotene resulted in a notable increase in the expression of EsNinaBl and EsBCO1l in the hepatopancreas. Further functional assays showed that the EsNinaBl expressed in E. coli underwent significant changes in its color, from orange to light; in addition, its β-carotene cleavage was higher than that of EsBCO1l. After the knockdown of EsNinaBl or EsBCO1l in juvenile E. sinensis, the expression levels of both genes were significantly decreased in the hepatopancreas, accompanied by a notable increase in the redness (a*) values. Furthermore, a significant increase in the β-carotene content was observed in the hepatopancreas when EsNinaBl-mRNA was suppressed, which suggests that EsNinaBl plays an important role in carotenoid cleavage, specifically β-carotene. In conclusion, our findings suggest that EsNinaBl and EsBCO1l may exhibit functional co-expression and play a crucial role in carotenoid cleavage in crabs.","['D000818', 'D019207', 'D003386', 'D050559', 'D043143', 'D018978', 'D010105', 'D010802', 'D060829']"
38891117,Increasing GSH-Px Activity and Activating Wnt Pathway Promote Fine Wool Growth in FGF5-Edited Sheep.,"Fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5) plays key roles in promoting the transition from the anagen to catagen during the hair follicle cycle. The sheep serves as an excellent model for studying hair growth and is frequently utilized in various research processes related to human skin diseases. We used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate four FGF5-edited Dorper sheep and only low levels of FGF5 were detected in the edited sheep. The density of fine wool in GE sheep was markedly increased, and the proportion of fine wool with a diameter of 14.4-20.0 μm was significantly higher. The proliferation signal in the skin of gene-edited (GE) sheep was stronger than in wild-type (WT) sheep. FGF5 editing decreased cortisol concentration in the skin, further activated the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and regulated the expression of Wnt signaling pathways containing Wnt agonists (Rspondins, Rspos) and antagonists (Notum) in hair regeneration. We suggest that FGF5 not only mediates the activation of antioxidant pathways by cortisol, which constitutes a highly coordinated microenvironment in hair follicle cells, but also influences key signals of the Wnt pathway to regulate secondary hair follicle (SHF) development. Overall, our findings here demonstrate that FGF5 plays a significant role in regulating SHF growth in sheep and potentially serves as a molecular marker of fine wool growth in sheep breeding.","['D000818', 'D051521', 'D060449', 'D012756', 'D014935', 'D018859', 'D005979', 'D000072669', 'D006854', 'D049109', 'D064113']"
38891075,Adipo-Epithelial Transdifferentiation in In Vitro Models of the Mammary Gland.,"Subcutaneous adipocytes are crucial for mammary gland epithelial development during pregnancy. Our and others' previous data have suggested that adipo-epithelial transdifferentiation could play a key role in the mammary gland alveolar development. In this study, we tested whether adipo-epithelial transdifferentiation occurs in vitro. Data show that, under appropriate co-culture conditions with mammary epithelial organoids (MEOs), mature adipocytes lose their phenotype and acquire an epithelial one. Interestingly, even in the absence of MEOs, extracellular matrix and diffusible growth factors are able to promote adipo-epithelial transdifferentiation. Gene and protein expression studies indicate that transdifferentiating adipocytes exhibit some characteristics of milk-secreting alveolar glands, including significantly higher expression of milk proteins such as whey acidic protein and β-casein. Similar data were also obtained in cultured human multipotent adipose-derived stem cell adipocytes. A miRNA sequencing experiment on the supernatant highlighted mir200c, which has a well-established role in the mesenchymal-epithelial transition, as a potential player in this phenomenon. Collectively, our data show that adipo-epithelial transdifferentiation can be reproduced in in vitro models where this phenomenon can be investigated at the molecular level.","['D054338', 'D006801', 'D005260', 'D017667', 'D004847', 'D000818', 'D035683', 'D008321', 'D009940', 'D018920', 'D051379', 'D008954']"
38890656,"Aquatic assessment of the chelating ability of Silica-stabilized magnetite nanocomposite to lead nitrate toxicity with emphasis to their impact on hepatorenal, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, histopathological, and bioaccumulation parameters in Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus.","In recent years, anthropogenic activities have released heavy metals and polluted the aquatic environment. This study investigated the ability of the silica-stabilized magnetite (Si-M) nanocomposite materials to dispose of lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) toxicity in Nile tilapia and African catfish.","['D000818', 'D007854', 'D023681', 'D018384', 'D012822', 'D008099', 'D014874', 'D002397', 'D009566', 'D053761', 'D002614', 'D007668', 'D000081482', 'D005880', 'D004249']"
38890626,Bovine Digital Dermatitis: Treponema spp. on trimming equipment and chutes - effect of washing and disinfection.,"Digital dermatitis (DD) is a contagious bovine foot disease causing reduced animal welfare and negative economic consequences for the farmer. Treponema spp. are the most important causative agents. Studies indicate that trimming equipment can transfer DD-associated treponemes between cows. The aim of this observational study in 22 DD-positive Norwegian dairy herds was to investigate the risk of transferring Treponema spp. with trimming equipment and chutes after claw trimming, and after washing and disinfection. Swabs from the trimming equipment and chutes were collected from nine different locations, at five different time points. Bacterial DNA was extracted from 647 swabs and analysed by qPCR for Treponema spp. In addition, 172 swabs taken immediately after trimming, were analysed by a multiplex qPCR targeting T. phagedenis, T. pedis and T. medium/vincentii. Biopsy sampling from DD lesions was performed on cows in the same herds during trimming. Altogether 109 biopsies were analysed by FISH for confirmation of the DD diagnosis and identification of Treponema phylotypes (PTs).","['D000818', 'D002417', 'D014208', 'D058066', 'D014211', 'D002418', 'D004203', 'D005260', 'D009664', 'D006724', 'D004269', 'D000822']"
38890595,A consensus genome of sika deer (Cervus nippon) and transcriptome analysis provided novel insights on the regulation mechanism of transcript factor in antler development.,"Sika deer (Cervus nippon) holds significance among cervids, with three genomes recently published. However, these genomes still contain hundreds of gaps and display significant discrepancies in continuity and accuracy. This poses challenges to functional genomics research and the selection of an appropriate reference genome. Thus, obtaining a high-quality reference genome is imperative to delve into functional genomics effectively.","['D000818', 'D003670', 'D000999', 'D016678', 'D008297', 'D014157', 'D020869', 'D059467', 'D023281']"
38889788,Nascent transcription reveals regulatory changes in extremophile fishes inhabiting hydrogen sulfide-rich environments.,"Regulating transcription allows organisms to respond to their environment, both within a single generation (plasticity) and across generations (adaptation). We examined transcriptional differences in gill tissues of fishes in the Poecilia mexicana species complex (family Poeciliidae), which have colonized toxic springs rich in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in southern Mexico. There are gene expression differences between sulfidic and non-sulfidic populations, yet regulatory mechanisms mediating this gene expression variation remain poorly studied. We combined capped-small RNA sequencing (csRNA-seq), which captures actively transcribed (i.e. nascent) transcripts, and messenger RNA sequencing (mRNA-seq) to examine how variation in transcription, enhancer activity, and associated transcription factor binding sites may facilitate adaptation to extreme environments. csRNA-seq revealed thousands of differentially initiated transcripts between sulfidic and non-sulfidic populations, many of which are involved in H2S detoxification and response. Analyses of transcription factor binding sites in promoter and putative enhancer csRNA-seq peaks identified a suite of transcription factors likely involved in regulating H2S-specific shifts in gene expression, including several key transcription factors known to respond to hypoxia. Our findings uncover a complex interplay of regulatory processes that reflect the divergence of extremophile populations of P. mexicana from their non-sulfidic ancestors and suggest shared responses among evolutionarily independent lineages.","['D000818', 'D006862', 'D011036', 'D000071825', 'D014158', 'D008800', 'D014157', 'D005880']"
38889193,The modeling method for vibration characteristics analysis of composite laminated rotationally stiffened shell.,"The composite laminated rotationally stiffened shell is widely applied in aviation, aerospace, ship, machinery and other fields. To investigate the vibration characteristics of composite laminated rotationally stiffened shells with varying elastic boundary conditions, a modeling method of composite laminated rotationally stiffened shells is established. Firstly, the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and the modified Fourier series method are effectively applied to establish the allowable displacement function of the composite laminated rotationally stiffened shell. Secondly, the energy function of composite laminated rotationally stiffened shell is established, and the simulation of complex elastic boundary and coupling boundary is realized by using artificial virtual spring technology. Thirdly, the Rayleigh-Ritz method is used to solve the energy function. Finally, the vibration characteristics of composite laminated rotationally stiffened shells are obtained and analyzed. In the analysis of numerical results, the fast and uniform convergence of analysis modeling and the accuracy of the calculated results are verified. On this basis, the effect of some important parameters such as thickness-to-radius ratio and length-to-radius ratio of shell, boundary spring stiffness values, cone apex angle, thickness and width of laminated beams, number of stiffeners on the vibration characteristics of composite laminated rotationally stiffened shell is studied. In theory, it makes up for the vibration characteristics analysis of composite laminated rotationally stiffened shells. In practical application, it guides the noise reduction design of related structures.","['D014732', 'D008962', 'D004548', 'D060105']"
38886900,Deletion of endothelial IGFBP5 protects against ischaemic hindlimb injury by promoting angiogenesis.,"Angiogenesis is critical for forming new blood vessels from antedating vascular vessels. The endothelium is essential for angiogenesis, vascular remodelling and minimisation of functional deficits following ischaemia. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family is crucial for angiogenesis. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (IGFBP5), a binding protein of the IGF family, may have places in angiogenesis, but the mechanisms are not yet completely understood. We sought to probe whether IGFBP5 is involved in pathological angiogenesis and uncover the molecular mechanisms behind it.","['D000818', 'D018975', 'D051379', 'D006614', 'D006801', 'D061307', 'D007511', 'D004195', 'D008297', 'D018919', 'D000096482']"
38886664,Selection signatures of wool color in Gangba sheep revealed by genome-wide SNP discovery.,"Gangba sheep as a famous breed of Tibetan sheep, its wool color is mainly white and black. Gangba wool is economically important as a high-quality raw material for Tibetan blankets and Tibetan serge. However, relatively few studies have been conducted on the wool color of Tibetan sheep.","['D000818', 'D020641', 'D014935', 'D012756', 'D012641', 'D010858', 'D055106']"
38886396,"C-terminally phosphorylated p27 activates self-renewal driver genes to program cancer stem cell expansion, mammary hyperplasia and cancer.","In many cancers, a stem-like cell subpopulation mediates tumor initiation, dissemination and drug resistance. Here, we report that cancer stem cell (CSC) abundance is transcriptionally regulated by C-terminally phosphorylated p27 (p27pT157pT198). Mechanistically, this arises through p27 co-recruitment with STAT3/CBP to gene regulators of CSC self-renewal including MYC, the Notch ligand JAG1, and ANGPTL4. p27pTpT/STAT3 also recruits a SIN3A/HDAC1 complex to co-repress the Pyk2 inhibitor, PTPN12. Pyk2, in turn, activates STAT3, creating a feed-forward loop increasing stem-like properties in vitro and tumor-initiating stem cells in vivo. The p27-activated gene profile is over-represented in STAT3 activated human breast cancers. Furthermore, mammary transgenic expression of phosphomimetic, cyclin-CDK-binding defective p27 (p27CK-DD) increases mammary duct branching morphogenesis, yielding hyperplasia and microinvasive cancers that can metastasize to liver, further supporting a role for p27pTpT in CSC expansion. Thus, p27pTpT interacts with STAT3, driving transcriptional programs governing stem cell expansion or maintenance in normal and cancer tissues.","['D014411', 'D006801', 'D050760', 'D000818', 'D050796', 'D005260', 'D010766', 'D001943', 'D006965', 'D051379', 'D015972', 'D000066673', 'D045744', 'D008321', 'D000072100']"
38886378,Progressive senescence programs induce intrinsic vulnerability to aging-related female breast cancer.,"Cancer incidence escalates exponentially with advancing age; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we build a chronological molecular clock at single-cell transcription level with a mammary stem cell-enriched population to depict physiological aging dynamics in female mice. We find that the mammary aging process is asynchronous and progressive, initiated by an early senescence program, succeeded by an entropic late senescence program with elevated cancer associated pathways, vulnerable to cancer predisposition. The transition towards senescence program is governed by a stem cell factor Bcl11b, loss of which accelerates mammary ageing with enhanced DMBA-induced tumor formation. We have identified a drug TPCA-1 that can rejuvenate mammary cells and significantly reduce aging-related cancer incidence. Our findings establish a molecular portrait of progressive mammary cell aging and elucidate the transcriptional regulatory network bridging mammary aging and cancer predisposition, which has potential implications for the management of cancer prevalence in the aged.","['D005260', 'D000818', 'D016922', 'D000375', 'D051379', 'D001943', 'D006801', 'D008321', 'D013234']"
38885586,Compound-specific nitrogen isotope of amino acids: Toward an improved understanding of mercury trophic transfer in different habitats.,"Herein, we investigated the trophic transfer of mercury (Hg) through food chains in different habitats (namely aquatic, riparian, and terrestrial) through bulk stable isotope analysis of nitrogen (δ15Nbulk) and compound-specific isotope analysis of nitrogen in amino acids (δ15NAA) using bird feathers and their potential food sources from a Hg-contaminated site in southwest China. Results showed similar δ15Nphe for water birds (4.7 ± 2.6 ‰) and aquatic food sources (5.2 ± 2.1 ‰) and for land-based food sources (10.1 ± 0.4 ‰) and terrestrial birds (11.6 ± 3.0 ‰), verifying δ15Nphe as a potential discriminant indicator for different food sources. The trophic positions (TPs) of most organisms based on δ15Nbulk (TPbulk) tended to overestimate compared with those based on δ15NAA (TPAA), especially for predators (such as kingfisher: ΔTP = 1.3). Additionally, significant differences were observed in the aquatic, riparian, and terrestrial food webs between trophic magnification slope (TMS)bulk and TMSAA (p < 0.05). The trophic magnification factor (TMF)AA-multiple based on multiple-AAs in three food webs were higher than the TMFAA and TMFbulk, probably because of the greater variation of δ15Nbaseline, complex food sources or the notably different in individual organisms. Altogether, our results improve the understanding of Hg trophic transfer in aquatic, riparian, and terrestrial food webs.","['D000818', 'D020387', 'D009587', 'D008628', 'D000596', 'D005241', 'D001717', 'D004784', 'D017753', 'D002681', 'D014874']"
38884864,Histological biomarkers and microbiological parameters of an estuarine fish from the Brazilian Amazon coast as potential indicators of risk to human health.,"This study aimed to isolate and identify pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal tract, skin, and muscles of Sciades herzbergii; detect histopathological changes in the gill and liver; and use these biomarkers for the assessment of potential risks to human health. Fish were sampled during the rainy and dry seasons at two points in São Marcos Bay, Maranhão, Brazil: Ilha dos Caranguejos (IC) and Porto Grande (PG). Isolation and quantification were carried out using COLItest®. Colonies were subjected to identification and phenotypic investigation of antimicrobial resistance using Vitek®. Gill and liver samples were subjected to routine histological examination. The results indicated the presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, the latter of which showed phenotypic resistance to norfloxacin and gentamicin. Fish caught at PG exhibited more extensive gill and liver damage than fish caught at IC. The findings suggest that histological changes in target organs of S. herzbergii may be influenced by infection with pathogenic bacteria.","['D000818', 'D001938', 'D004784', 'D005880', 'D063366', 'D006801', 'D015415', 'D008099', 'D005399', 'D004926', 'D007711']"
38880626,"Effect of Goreisan, a Traditional Japanese Medicine, on Rat Hindlimb Lymphedema.","Secondary lymphedema occurs after cancer surgery involving lymph node dissection owing to the lymphatic system dysfunction. However, the pathophysiology of lymphedema and the molecular pathways involved remain unknown. This study aimed to develop a rat hindlimb lymphedema model and investigate the mechanisms that drive pathophysiology and the effects of the traditional Japanese medicine goreisan on lymphedema. The rat lymphedema model was induced by combination surgeries of popliteal lymph node dissection, skin cautery incision, and fascial ablation coagulation in the right hindlimb using male Wistar rats. The foot volume was significantly increased, and recovery was delayed by combination surgeries. Dermal thickness and dilated lymphatic vessels of the hindlimb were observed on postoperative day 2. The number of infiltrating leukocytes (CD45+ cells), including CD4+ T-cells, increased in the lymphedema group compared with that in the sham group. The relative mRNA expression and protein levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and Fms-related receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (FLT4) were significantly higher in the lymphedema group than in the sham group. Foot volume was decreased by goreisan, furosemide, and prednisolone treatments. Goreisan diminished the increase in CD4+ T-cells, and the same trend was observed for CCL2 and FLT4 expression. In conclusion, the rat hindlimb lymphedema model in this study exhibited increased foot volume, skin-infiltrating cells, and pathological changes accompanied by inflammatory and fibrotic responses, suggesting that the model presented significant clinical features of lymphedema. Goreisan may exert a therapeutic effect on lymphedema by inhibiting CD4+ T-cell infiltration.","['D000818', 'D008297', 'D051381', 'D015496', 'D004195', 'D006614', 'D008209', 'D008518', 'D017208']"
38880579,Morphological and molecular data confirm the occurrence of Paramphistomum leydeni (Trematoda: Paramphistomidae) in ruminants from Southern Brazil.,"Species belonging to the family Paramphistomidae Fischoeder, 1901, commonly known as ""rumen flukes"", are a group of parasites frequently related to Brazilian livestock production. They inhabit the digestive tract of ruminants and have recognized pathogenicity during the early stages of infection, which can be responsible for economic losses. These trematodes are often associated with Southern Brazil, a region heavily focused on animal farming, which also makes it ideal for the life cycle of paramphistomes. Despite their aforementioned importance, studies regarding their distribution, molecular taxonomy and biology are still scarce in the country. In the present study, rumen flukes collected from cattle (n = 22) and sheep (n = 3) from 9 batches of ruminants from the cities of Jaguarão, Pelotas and Rio Grande, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, between May and July 2022, were subjected to morphological and molecular study. The microscopic analysis of histological and manual cuts revealed diagnostical traits compatible with Paramphistomum leydeni Näsmark, 1937, including the presence of tegumental papillae, pharynx of the liorchis type and acetabulum of the leydeni type. Molecular data corroborated the morphological identification, with ITS-2 and cox-1 sequences here obtained presenting 100% and 96.8-99.8% similarity, respectively, to P. leydeni samples previously characterized in different countries from Asia, Europe, and South America. Intensity of infection ranged from 5 to 458 and 1 to3 specimens of P. leydeni in sampled cattle and sheep, respectively. The present study contributes to a better understanding of the taxonomy of the flukes involved in cattle and sheep paramphistomosis in Brazil, suggesting that P. leydeni could be the main paramphistome species found in ruminants in the studied region.","['D000818', 'D001938', 'D002417', 'D012756', 'D014201', 'D002418', 'D012757', 'D010250', 'D012417', 'D010802']"
38879855,Transcriptomics Reveals the Mechanism of Purpureocillium lilacinum GZAC18-2JMP in Degrading Keratin Material.,"Microbial degradation of keratin is characterized by its inherent safety, remarkable efficiency, and the production of copious degradation products. All these attributes contribute to the effective management of waste materials at high value-added and in a sustainable manner. Microbial degradation of keratin materials remains unclear, however, with variations observed in the degradation genes and pathways among different microorganisms. In this study, we sequenced the transcriptome of Purpureocillium lilacinum GZAC18-2JMP mycelia on control medium and the medium containing 1% feather powder, analyzed the differentially expressed genes, and revealed the degradation mechanism of chicken feathers by P. lilacinum GZAC18-2JMP. The results showed that the chicken feather degradation rate of P. lilacinum GZAC18-2JMP reached 64% after 216 h of incubation in the fermentation medium, reaching a peak value of 148.9 μg·mL-1 at 192 h, and the keratinase enzyme activity reached a peak value of 211 U·mL-1 at 168 h, which revealed that P. lilacinum GZAC18-2JMP had a better keratin degradation effect. A total of 1001 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from the transcriptome database, including 475 upregulated genes and 577 downregulated genes. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed that the metabolic pathways related to keratin degradation were mainly sulfur metabolism, ABC transporters, and amino acid metabolism. Therefore, the results of this study provide an opportunity to gain further insight into keratin degradation and promote the biotransformation of feather wastes.","['D007633', 'D006999', 'D000818', 'D059467', 'D005241', 'D002645', 'D020869', 'D005656', 'D010447', 'D025282', 'D005285', 'D001673']"
38879656,Novel CTD tag establishes shark fins as ocean observing platforms.,"Animal-borne tags are effective instruments for collecting ocean data and can be used to fill spatial gaps in the observing network. We deployed the first conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) satellite tags on the dorsal fin of salmon sharks (Lamna ditropis) to demonstrate the potential of sharks to monitor essential ocean variables and oceanographic features in the Gulf of Alaska. Over 1360 km and 36 days in the summer of 2015, the salmon shark collected 56 geolocated, temperature-salinity profiles. The shark swam through a plume of anomalously salty water that originated from the ""Blob"" and encountered several mesoscale eddies, whose subsurface properties were altered by the marine heatwave. We demonstrate that salmon sharks have the potential to serve as submesoscale-resolving oceanographic platforms and substantially increase the spatial coverage of observations in the Gulf of Alaska.","['D000818', 'D012754', 'D013696', 'D009792', 'D058500', 'D000413', 'D009791', 'D054712']"
38879334,"Estrogen-related receptor, a molecular target against lepidoptera pests.","Until recently, chemical pesticides were one of the most effective means of controlling agricultural pests; therefore, the search for insecticide targets for agricultural pests has been an ongoing problem. Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) are transcription factors that regulate cellular metabolism and energy homeostasis in animals. Silkworms are highly sensitive to chemical pesticides, making them ideal models for pesticide screening and evaluation. In this study, we detected ERR expression in key organs involved in pesticide metabolism in silkworms (Bombyx mori), including the fat body and midgut. Using ChIP-seq technology, many estrogen- related response elements were identified in the 2000-bp promoter region upstream of metabolism-related genes, almost all of which were potential ERR target genes. The ERR inhibitor, XCT-790, and the endocrine disruptor, bisphenol A, significantly inhibited expression of the ERR target genes, BmTreh-1, BmTret-1, BmPK, BmPFK, and BmHK, in the fat bodies of silkworms, resulting in pupation difficulties in silkworm larvae that ultimately lead to death. In addition, based on the clarification that the ERR can bind to XCT-790, as observed through biofilm interferometry, its three-dimensional spatial structure was predicted, and using molecular docking techniques, small-molecule compounds with a stronger affinity for the ERR were identified. In summary, utilizing the powerful metabolic regulatory function of ERR in Lepidoptera pests, the developed small molecule inhibitors of ERR can be used for future control of Lepidoptera pests.","['D000818', 'D011960', 'D012831', 'D062105', 'D010636', 'D001559', 'D007814', 'D007306', 'D019476', 'D005216', 'D052244', 'D009570', 'D013844']"
38878336,Exudates of Microcystis aeruginosa on oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in gills of Sinocyclocheilus grahami.,"Early cyanobacterial blooms studies observed that exposure to blue-green algae led to fish gills impairment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the toxic mechanisms of exudates of Microcystis aeruginosa (MaE) on fish gills. In this study, the toxic mechanism of MaE (2×106 cells/mL) and one of its main components phytosphingosine (PHS) with two concentrations 2.9 ng/mL and 145 ng/mL were conducted by integrating histopathology, biochemical biomarkers, and transcriptomics techniques in Sinocyclocheilus grahami (S. grahami) for 96 h exposure. Damaged gill tissue with epithelial hyperplasia and hypertrophy, remarkable Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) enzyme activity, disrupted the redox homeostats including lipid peroxidation and inflammatory responses were observed in the fish of MaE exposure group. Compare to MaE exposure, two concentrations of PHS exposure appeared to be a trend of lower degree of tissue damage, NKA activity and oxidative stress, but induced obviously lipid metabolism disorder with higher triglycerides, total cholesterol and total bile acid, which might be responsible for inflammation responses in fish gill. By transcriptome analysis, MaE exposure were primarily enriched in pathways related to gill function and immune response. PHS exposure, with higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), were enriched in Toll-like receptor (TLR), Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) pathways. We concluded that MaE and PHS were induced the inflammatory responses, with oxidative stress-induced inflammation for MaE exposure but lipid metabolism disorder-induced inflammation for PHS exposure. The present study provided two toxin-induced gill inflammation response pathways under cyanobacterial blooms, which could be a scientific basis for the ecological and health risk assessment in the aquatic environment.","['D046931', 'D000818', 'D005880', 'D018384', 'D007249', 'D050356']"
38877154,"Rhinoceros horn mineral and metal concentrations vary by sample location, depth, and color.","Poaching is again driving rhinos to the brink of extinction due to the demand for rhino horn products consumed for cultural, medicinal, and social purposes. Paradoxically, the same horn for which rhinos are killed may contain valuable clues about the species' health. Analyses of horn composition could reveal such useful bioindicators while elucidating what people actually ingest when they consume horn derivatives. Our goals were to quantify minerals (including metals) in rhino horn and investigate sampling factors potentially impacting results. Horns (n = 22) obtained during necropsies of white (n = 3) and black (n = 13) zoo rhinos were sampled in several locations yielding 182 specimens for analysis. Initial data exposed environmental (soil) contamination in the horn's exterior layer, but also confirmed that deep (≥ 1 cm), contaminant-free samples contained measurable concentrations of numerous minerals (n = 18). Of the factors examined in deep samples, color-associated mineral differences were the most profound with dark samples higher in zinc, copper, lead, and barium (p < 0.05). Our data demonstrate that rhino horns contain both essential and potentially toxic minerals that could be relevant to rhino health status, but low concentrations make their human health benefits or risks unlikely following consumption.","['D000818', 'D010527', 'D008903', 'D006733', 'D008670', 'D000836', 'D003300', 'D007854']"
38876487,Skewing information flow through pre- and postsynaptic plasticity in the mushroom bodies of Drosophila.,"Animal brains need to store information to construct a representation of their environment. Knowledge of what happened in the past allows both vertebrates and invertebrates to predict future outcomes by recalling previous experience. Although invertebrate and vertebrate brains share common principles at the molecular, cellular, and circuit-architectural levels, there are also obvious differences as exemplified by the use of acetylcholine versus glutamate as the considered main excitatory neurotransmitters in the respective central nervous systems. Nonetheless, across central nervous systems, synaptic plasticity is thought to be a main substrate for memory storage. Therefore, how brain circuits and synaptic contacts change following learning is of fundamental interest for understanding brain computations tied to behavior in any animal. Recent progress has been made in understanding such plastic changes following olfactory associative learning in the mushroom bodies (MBs) of Drosophila A current framework of memory-guided behavioral selection is based on the MB skew model, in which antagonistic synaptic pathways are selectively changed in strength. Here, we review insights into plasticity at dedicated Drosophila MB output pathways and update what is known about the plasticity of both pre- and postsynaptic compartments of Drosophila MB neurons.","['D000818', 'D024521', 'D009473', 'D004330', 'D013569', 'D001245', 'D008568']"
38876486,An integrative sensor of body states: how the mushroom body modulates behavior depending on physiological context.,"The brain constantly compares past and present experiences to predict the future, thereby enabling instantaneous and future behavioral adjustments. Integration of external information with the animal's current internal needs and behavioral state represents a key challenge of the nervous system. Recent advancements in dissecting the function of the Drosophila mushroom body (MB) at the single-cell level have uncovered its three-layered logic and parallel systems conveying positive and negative values during associative learning. This review explores a lesser-known role of the MB in detecting and integrating body states such as hunger, thirst, and sleep, ultimately modulating motivation and sensory-driven decisions based on the physiological state of the fly. State-dependent signals predominantly affect the activity of modulatory MB input neurons (dopaminergic, serotoninergic, and octopaminergic), but also induce plastic changes directly at the level of the MB intrinsic and output neurons. Thus, the MB emerges as a tightly regulated relay station in the insect brain, orchestrating neuroadaptations due to current internal and behavioral states leading to short- but also long-lasting changes in behavior. While these adaptations are crucial to ensure fitness and survival, recent findings also underscore how circuit motifs in the MB may reflect fundamental design principles that contribute to maladaptive behaviors such as addiction or depression-like symptoms.","['D000818', 'D024521', 'D001522', 'D012890', 'D006815', 'D004330', 'D013894', 'D009474']"
38876485,Modeling neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders in the Drosophila mushroom body.,"The common fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster provides a powerful platform to investigate the genetic, molecular, cellular, and neural circuit mechanisms of behavior. Research in this model system has shed light on multiple aspects of brain physiology and behavior, from fundamental neuronal function to complex behaviors. A major anatomical region that modulates complex behaviors is the mushroom body (MB). The MB integrates multimodal sensory information and is involved in behaviors ranging from sensory processing/responses to learning and memory. Many genes that underlie brain disorders are conserved, from flies to humans, and studies in Drosophila have contributed significantly to our understanding of the mechanisms of brain disorders. Genetic mutations that mimic human diseases-such as Fragile X syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease-affect MB structure and function, altering behavior. Studies dissecting the effects of disease-causing mutations in the MB have identified key pathological mechanisms, and the development of a complete connectome promises to add a comprehensive anatomical framework for disease modeling. Here, we review Drosophila models of human neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders via the effects of their underlying mutations on MB structure, function, and the resulting behavioral alterations.","['D000818', 'D024521', 'D004195', 'D019636', 'D065886', 'D004331', 'D006801', 'D004330']"
38875342,Sensory evidence for complex communication and advanced sociality in early ants.,"Advanced social behavior, or eusociality, has been evolutionarily profound, allowing colonies of ants, termites, social wasps, and bees to dominate competitively over solitary species throughout the Cenozoic. Advanced sociality requires not just nestmate cooperation and specialization but refined coordination and communication. Here, we provide independent evidence that 100-million-year-old Cretaceous ants in amber were social, based on chemosensory adaptations. Previous studies inferred fossil ant sociality from individual ants preserved adjacent to others. We analyzed several fossil ants for their antennal sensilla, using original rotation imaging of amber microinclusions, and found an array of antennal sensilla, specifically for alarm pheromone detection and nestmate recognition, sharing distinctive features with extant ants. Although Cretaceous ants were stem groups, the fossilized sensilla confirm hypotheses of their complex sociality.","['D000818', 'D001000', 'D012919', 'D000819', 'D010675', 'D005580', 'D001522', 'D005075', 'D058618']"
38875228,Testing for effects of growth rate on isotope trophic discrimination factors and evaluating the performance of Bayesian stable isotope mixing models experimentally: A moment of truth?,"Discerning assimilated diets of wild animals using stable isotopes is well established where potential dietary items in food webs are isotopically distinct. With the advent of mixing models, and Bayesian extensions of such models (Bayesian Stable Isotope Mixing Models, BSIMMs), statistical techniques available for these efforts have been rapidly increasing. The accuracy with which BSIMMs quantify diet, however, depends on several factors including uncertainty in tissue discrimination factors (TDFs; Δ) and identification of appropriate error structures. Whereas performance of BSIMMs has mostly been evaluated with simulations, here we test the efficacy of BSIMMs by raising domestic broiler chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) on four isotopically distinct diets under controlled environmental conditions, ideal for evaluating factors that affect TDFs and testing how BSIMMs allocate individual birds to diets that vary in isotopic similarity. For both liver and feather tissues, δ13C and δ 15N values differed among dietary groups. Δ13C of liver, but not feather, was negatively related to the rate at which individuals gained body mass. For Δ15N, we identified effects of dietary group, sex, and tissue type, as well as an interaction between sex and tissue type, with females having higher liver Δ15N relative to males. For both tissues, BSIMMs allocated most chicks to correct dietary groups, especially for models using combined TDFs rather than diet-specific TDFs, and those applying a multiplicative error structure. These findings provide new information on how biological processes affect TDFs and confirm that adequately accounting for variability in consumer isotopes is necessary to optimize performance of BSIMMs. Moreover, results demonstrate experimentally that these models reliably characterize consumed diets when appropriately parameterized.","['D000818', 'D001499', 'D002645', 'D005260', 'D002247', 'D008297', 'D009587', 'D004032', 'D008099', 'D005241', 'D020387', 'D008954']"
38873642,"A hyaena on stilts: comparison of the limb morphology of Ictitherium ebu (Mammalia: Hyaenidae) from the Late Miocene of Lothagam, Turkana Basin, Kenya with extant Canidae and Hyaenidae.","The long, gracile morphology of the limb bones of the Late Miocene hyaenid Ictitherium ebu has led to the hypothesis that this animal was cursorial. The forelimb and femur of the holotype were compared with specimens of extant Hyaenidae and Canidae. Two morphometric methods were used. The first used measurements to calculate indices of different morphological characters. The second method involved capturing photographs of the anterior distal humerus of each specimen, mapping six landmarks on them, and calculating truss distances. These distances represent a schematic reproduction of the elbow. Multivariate statistical analysis primarily separated the data based on taxonomy, yet locomotor and habitat categories were also considered. Ictitherium ebu has an overall morphology similar to that of the maned wolf and a distal humerus reminiscent of that of the aardwolf. The long, gracile limb bones of I. ebu are suggested to be adaptations for pouncing on prey, for locomotor efficiency, and for looking over the tall grass of the open environments the animal lived in, much like the present-day maned wolf.","['D000818', 'D005580', 'D007630', 'D005552', 'D005269', 'D006811', 'D008124']"
38872087,Restricted antennal movement impacts the tandem running dynamics in a ponerine ant.,"Tandem running is a recruitment method found in some species of ants where one ant follows another ant to reach a destination having maintained a physical contact with its antennae, throughout the journey. It is considered that the exchange of information regarding the destination among the nestmates happened during the process of tandem running. We examined the impact of restricting antennal movement on tandem running by using Diacamma indicum, a tandem-running ponerine ant by following 480 tandem runs across 9 treatment colonies and comparing it with 10 control relocating colonies.","['D000818', 'D001000', 'D057506', 'D012420', 'D009068', 'D012919', 'D006702']"
38871745,"Transcriptional response to an alternative diet on liver, muscle, and rumen of beef cattle.","Feed cost represents a major economic determinant within cattle production, amounting to an estimated 75% of the total variable costs. Consequently, comprehensive approaches such as optimizing feed utilization through alternative feed sources, alongside the selection of feed-efficient animals, are of great significance. Here, we investigate the effect of two diets, traditional corn-grain fed and alternative by-product based, on 14 phenotypes related to feed, methane emission and production efficiency and on multi-tissue transcriptomics data from liver, muscle, and rumen wall, derived from 52 Nellore bulls, 26 on each diet. To this end, diets were contrasted at the level of phenotype, gene expression, and gene-phenotype network connectivity. As regards the phenotypic level, at a P value < 0.05, significant differences were found in favour of the alternative diet for average daily weight gain at finishing, dry matter intake at finishing, methane emission, carcass yield and subcutaneous fat thickness at the rib-eye muscle area. In terms of the transcriptional level of the 14,776 genes expressed across the examined tissues, we found 487, 484, and 499 genes differentially expressed due to diet in liver, muscle, and rumen, respectively (P value < 0.01). To explore differentially connected phenotypes across both diet-based networks, we focused on the phenotypes with the largest change in average number of connections within diets and tissues, namely methane emission and carcass yield, highlighting, in particular, gene expression changes involving SREBF2, and revealing the largest differential connectivity in rumen and muscle, respectively. Similarly, from examination of differentially connected genes across diets, the top-ranked most differentially connected regulators within each tissue were MEOX1, PTTG1, and BASP1 in liver, muscle, and rumen, respectively. Changes in gene co-expression patterns suggest activation or suppression of specific biological processes and pathways in response to dietary interventions, consequently impacting the phenotype. The identification of genes that respond differently to diets and their associated phenotypic effects serves as a crucial stepping stone for further investigations, aiming to build upon our discoveries. Ultimately, such advancements hold the promise of improving animal welfare, productivity, and sustainability in livestock farming.","['D000818', 'D002417', 'D008099', 'D012417', 'D000821', 'D004032', 'D059467', 'D008297', 'D018482', 'D010641', 'D053263', 'D020869']"
38871512,Pink adipose tissue: A paradigm of adipose tissue plasticity.,"Adipose tissue is highly plastic, as illustrated mainly by the transdifferentiation of white adipocytes into beige adipocytes, depending on environmental conditions. However, during gestation and lactation in rodent, there is an amazing phenomenon of transformation of subcutaneous adipose tissue into mammary glandular tissue, known as pink adipose tissue, capable of synthesizing and secreting milk. Recent work using transgenic lineage-tracing experiments, mainly carried out in Saverio Cinti's team, has demonstrated very convincingly that this process does indeed correspond to a transdifferentiation of white adipocytes into mammary alveolar cells (pink adipocytes) during gestation and lactation. This phenomenon is reversible, since during the post-lactation phase, pink adipocytes revert to the white adipocyte phenotype. The molecular mechanisms underlying this reversible transdifferentiation remain poorly understood.","['D000818', 'D006801', 'D005260', 'D000273', 'D007774', 'D011247', 'D054338', 'D008321', 'D052438', 'D000066670', 'D042361', 'D017667']"
38871193,Effects of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin on initial colonization of intestinal microbiota in Bufo gargarizans at embryonic stages.,"Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and levofloxacin (LEV) are broad-spectrum antibiotics with potent antibacterial activity. Although many studies have shown that antibiotics can lead to gut microbiota disruption, the effects of CIP and LEV on gut microbial colonization at the embryonic stage remain poorly characterized. Here, we evaluated the response of Bufo gargarizans embryos in terms of gut microbiota colonization, growth and developmental stages to CIP and LEV exposure. Embryos treated with 100 μg/L CIP and LEV exhibited significantly reduced diversity and richness of the gut microbiota, as well as altered community structure. Both CIP and LEV treatments resulted in an increase in the pathogenic bacteria Bosea and Aeromonas, and they appeared to be more resistant to CIP than LEV. Additionally, CIP exposure caused reduced total length and delayed the development in B. gargarizans embryos, while LEV increased the total length and promoted embryonic development. The present study revealed the adverse effects of CIP and LEV exposure on host gut microbiota, growth and development during the embryonic stage, and contributed new perspectives to the evaluation of early aquatic ecological risk under CIP and LEV exposure.","['D002939', 'D000069196', 'D000818', 'D064704', 'D000900', 'D002025', 'D014874', 'D004625', 'D001419']"
38954110,PfAgo-based dual signal amplification biosensor for rapid and highly sensitive detection of alkaline phosphatase activity.,"A Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute (PfAgo)-based biosensor is presented for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity detection in which the ALP-catalyzed hydrolysis of 3'-phosphate-modified functional DNA activates the strand displacement amplification, and the amplicon mediates the fluorescent reporter cleavage as a guide sequence of PfAgo. Under the dual amplification mode of PfAgo-catalyzed multiple-turnover cleavage activity and pre-amplification technology, the developed method was successfully applied to ALP activity determination with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.0013 U L-1 (3σ) and a detection range of 0.0025 to 1 U L-1 within 90 min. The PfAgo-based method exhibits satisfactory analytic performance in the presence of potential interferents and in complex human serum samples. The proposed method shows several advantages, such as rapid analysis, high sensitivity, low-cost, and easy operation, and has great potential in disease evolution fundamental studies and clinical diagnosis applications.","['D015374', 'D000469', 'D006801', 'D057230', 'D020027', 'D060565', 'D021141', 'D057075']"
38954064,"Gene-centered metagenome analysis of Vulcano Island soil (Aeolian archipelago, Italy) reveals diverse microbial key players in methane, hydrogen and sulfur cycles.","The Aeolian archipelago is known worldwide for its volcanic activity and hydrothermal emissions, of mainly carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide are minor components of these emissions which together can feed large quantities of bacteria and archaea that do contribute to the removal of these notorious greenhouse gases. Here we analyzed the metagenome of samples taken from the Levante bay on Vulcano Island, Italy. Using a gene-centric approach, the hydrothermal vent community appeared to be dominated by Proteobacteria, and Sulfurimonas was the most abundant genus. Metabolic reconstructions highlight a prominent role of formaldehyde oxidation and the reverse TCA cycle in carbon fixation. [NiFe]-hydrogenases seemed to constitute the preferred strategy to oxidize H2, indicating that besides H2S, H2 could be an essential electron donor in this system. Moreover, the sulfur cycle analysis showed a high abundance and diversity of sulfate reduction genes underpinning the H2S production. This study covers the diversity and metabolic potential of the microbial soil community in Levante bay and adds to our understanding of the biogeochemistry of volcanic ecosystems.","['D008697', 'D006859', 'D007558', 'D013455', 'D054892', 'D012988', 'D001105', 'D001419', 'D060086', 'D062312', 'D010802']"
38951509,RNA-guided RNA silencing by an Asgard archaeal Argonaute.,"Argonaute proteins are the central effectors of RNA-guided RNA silencing pathways in eukaryotes, playing crucial roles in gene repression and defense against viruses and transposons. Eukaryotic Argonautes are subdivided into two clades: AGOs generally facilitate miRNA- or siRNA-mediated silencing, while PIWIs generally facilitate piRNA-mediated silencing. It is currently unclear when and how Argonaute-based RNA silencing mechanisms arose and diverged during the emergence and early evolution of eukaryotes. Here, we show that in Asgard archaea, the closest prokaryotic relatives of eukaryotes, an evolutionary expansion of Argonaute proteins took place. In particular, a deep-branching PIWI protein (HrAgo1) encoded by the genome of the Lokiarchaeon 'Candidatus Harpocratesius repetitus' shares a common origin with eukaryotic PIWI proteins. Contrasting known prokaryotic Argonautes that use single-stranded DNA as guides and/or targets, HrAgo1 mediates RNA-guided RNA cleavage, and facilitates gene silencing when expressed in human cells and supplied with miRNA precursors. A cryo-EM structure of HrAgo1, combined with quantitative single-molecule experiments, reveals that the protein displays structural features and target-binding modes that are a mix of those of eukaryotic AGO and PIWI proteins. Thus, this deep-branching archaeal PIWI may have retained an ancestral molecular architecture that preceded the functional and mechanistic divergence of eukaryotic AGOs and PIWIs.","['D060565', 'D006801', 'D034622', 'D001105', 'D034741', 'D019843', 'D020285', 'D035683', 'D019143', 'D010802']"
38951176,Halophilic archaea as tools for bioremediation technologies.,"Haloarchaea are extremophilic microorganisms belonging to the Archaea domain that require high salt concentrations to be alive, thus inhabiting ecosystems like salty ponds, salty marshes, or extremely salty lagoons. They are more abundantly and widely distributed worldwide than initially expected. Most of them are grouped into two families: Halobacteriaceae and Haloferacaceae. The extreme conditions under which haloarchaea survive contribute to their metabolic and molecular adaptations, thus making them good candidates for the design of bioremediation strategies to treat brines, salty water, and saline soils contaminated with toxic compounds such as nitrate, nitrite, oxychlorates such as perchlorate and chlorate, heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and aromatic compounds. New advances in understanding haloarchaea physiology, metabolism, biochemistry, and molecular biology suggest that biochemical pathways related to nitrogen and carbon, metals, hydrocarbons, or aromatic compounds can be used for bioremediation proposals. This review analyses the novelty of the most recent results showing the capability of some haloarchaeal species to assimilate, modify, or degrade toxic compounds for most living beings. Several examples of the role of these microorganisms in the treatment of polluted brine or salty soils are also discussed in connection with circular economy-based processes. KEY POINTS: • Haloarchaea are extremophilic microorganisms showing genuine metabolism • Haloarchaea can metabolise compounds that are highly toxic to most living beings • These metabolic capabilities are useful for designing soil and water bioremediation strategies.","['D001673', 'D001105', 'D006216', 'D019216', 'D012989', 'D012988']"
38949313,Adaptation at the Extremes of Life: Experimental Evolution with the Extremophile Archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius.,"The archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius has emerged as a promising thermophilic model system. Investigating how thermophiles adapt to changing temperatures is a key requirement, not only for understanding fundamental evolutionary processes but also for developing S. acidocaldarius as a chassis for bioengineering. One major obstacle to conducting experimental evolution with thermophiles is the expense of equipment maintenance and energy usage of traditional incubators for high-temperature growth. To address this challenge, a comprehensive experimental protocol for conducting experimental evolution in S. acidocaldarius is presented, utilizing low-cost and energy-efficient bench-top thermomixers. The protocol involves a batch culture technique with relatively small volumes (1.5 mL), enabling tracking of adaptation in multiple independent lineages. This method is easily scalable through the use of additional thermomixers. Such an approach increases the accessibility of S. acidocaldarius as a model system by reducing both initial investment and ongoing costs associated with experimental investigations. Moreover, the technique is transferable to other microbial systems for exploring adaptation to diverse environmental conditions.","['D016945', 'D000071825', 'D000222', 'D061249']"
38946067,"Carbonate chimneys at the highly productive point Dume methane seep: Fine-scale mineralogical, geochemical, and microbiological heterogeneity reflects dynamic and long-lived methane-metabolizing habitats.","Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that enters the marine system in large quantities at seafloor methane seeps. At a newly discovered seep site off the coast of Point Dume, CA, ~ meter-scale carbonate chimneys host microbial communities that exhibit the highest methane-oxidizing potential recorded to date. Here, we provide a detailed assessment of chimney geobiology through correlative mineralogical, geochemical, and microbiological studies of seven chimney samples in order to clarify the longevity and heterogeneity of these highly productive systems. U-Th dating indicated that a methane-driven carbonate precipitating system at Point Dume has existed for ~20 Kyr, while millimeter-scale variations in carbon and calcium isotopic values, elemental abundances, and carbonate polymorphs revealed changes in carbon source, precipitation rates, and diagenetic processes throughout the chimneys' lifespan. Microbial community analyses revealed diverse modern communities with prominent anaerobic methanotrophs, sulfate-reducing bacteria, and Anaerolineaceae; communities were more similar within a given chimney wall transect than in similar horizons of distinct structures. The chimneys represent long-lived repositories of methane-oxidizing communities and provide a window into how carbon can be transformed, sequestered, and altered over millennia at the Point Dume methane seep.","['D008697', 'D002254', 'D001419', 'D002140', 'D012623', 'D019015', 'D017753', 'D001105']"
38943264,Copper resistance in the cold: Genome analysis and characterisation of a PIB-1 ATPase in Bizionia argentinensis.,"Copper homeostasis is a fundamental process in organisms, characterised by unique pathways that have evolved to meet specific needs while preserving core resistance mechanisms. While these systems are well-documented in model bacteria, information on copper resistance in species adapted to cold environments is scarce. This study investigates the potential genes related to copper homeostasis in the genome of Bizionia argentinensis (JUB59-T), a psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from Antarctic seawater. We identified several genes encoding proteins analogous to those crucial for copper homeostasis, including three sequences of copper-transport P1B-type ATPases. One of these, referred to as BaCopA1, was chosen for cloning and expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BaCopA1 was successfully integrated into yeast membranes and subsequently extracted with detergent. The purified BaCopA1 demonstrated the ability to catalyse ATP hydrolysis at low temperatures. Structural models of various BaCopA1 conformations were generated and compared with mesophilic and thermophilic homologous structures. The significant conservation of critical residues and structural similarity among these proteins suggest a shared reaction mechanism for copper transport. This study is the first to report a psychrotolerant P1B-ATPase that has been expressed and purified in a functional form.","['D003300', 'D003080', 'D012441', 'D001426', 'D000864', 'D000251', 'D016680', 'D012623', 'D000073840', 'D016943']"
38942826,Insights into the genomic and functional divergence of NAT gene family to serve microbial secondary metabolism.,"Microbial NAT enzymes, which employ acyl-CoA to acylate aromatic amines and hydrazines, have been well-studied for their role in xenobiotic metabolism. Some homologues have also been linked to secondary metabolism, but this function of NAT enzymes is not as well-known. For this comparative study, we surveyed sequenced microbial genomes to update the list of formally annotated NAT genes, adding over 4000 new sequences (mainly bacterial, but also archaeal, fungal and protist) and portraying a broad but not universal distribution of NATs in the microbiocosmos. Localization of NAT sequences within microbial gene clusters was not a rare finding, and this association was evident across all main types of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) implicated in secondary metabolism. Interrogation of the MIBiG database for experimentally characterized clusters with NAT genes further supports that secondary metabolism must be a major function for microbial NAT enzymes and should not be overlooked by researchers in the field. We also show that NAT sequences can be associated with bacterial plasmids potentially involved in horizontal gene transfer. Combined, our computational predictions and MIBiG literature findings reveal the extraordinary functional diversification of microbial NAT genes, prompting further research into their role in predicted BGCs with as yet uncharacterized function.","['D005810', 'D064210', 'D001419', 'D001105', 'D010802', 'D001191', 'D005658', 'D023281', 'D022761']"
38927089,The Improved Antineoplastic Activity of Thermophilic L-Asparaginase Tli10209 via Site-Directed Mutagenesis.,"Amino acid deprivation therapy (AADT) is a novel anticancer therapy, considered nontoxic and selective. Thermophilic L-asparaginase enzymes display high stability and activity at elevated temperatures. However, they are of limited use in clinical applications because of their low substrate affinity and reduced activity under physiological conditions, which may necessitate an improved dosage, leading to side effects and greater costs. Thus, in an attempt to improve the activity of L-Asn at 37 °C, with the use of a semi-rational design, eight active-site mutants of Thermococcus litoralis DSM 5473 L-asparaginase Tli10209 were developed. T70A exhibited a 5.11-fold increase compared with the wild enzyme in physiological conditions. Double-mutant enzymes were created by combining mutants with higher hydrolysis activity. T70A/F36Y, T70A/K48L, and T70A/D50G were enhanced by 5.59-, 6.38-, and 5.58-fold. The immobilized enzyme applied in MCF-7 breast cancer cells only required one-seventh of the dose of the free enzyme to achieve the same inhibition rate under near-infrared irradiation. This provides a proof of concept that it is possible to reduce the consumption of L-Asn by improving its activity, thus providing a method to manage side effects.","['D001215', 'D006801', 'D000970', 'D016297', 'D061986', 'D019712', 'D020134']"
38927025,Structural Insights into the Rrp4 Subunit from the Crystal Structure of the Thermoplasma acidophilum Exosome.,"The exosome multiprotein complex plays a critical role in RNA processing and degradation. This system governs the regulation of mRNA quality, degradation in the cytoplasm, the processing of short noncoding RNA, and the breakdown of RNA fragments. We determined two crystal structures of exosome components from Thermoplasma acidophilum (Taci): one with a resolution of 2.3 Å that reveals the central components (TaciRrp41 and TaciRrp42), and another with a resolution of 3.5 Å that displays the whole exosome (TaciRrp41, TaciRrp42, and TaciRrp4). The fundamental exosome structure revealed the presence of a heterodimeric complex consisting of TaciRrp41 and TaciRrp42. The structure comprises nine subunits, with TaciRrp41 and TaciRrp42 arranged in a circular configuration, while TaciRrp4 is located at the apex. The RNA degradation capabilities of the TaciRrp4:41:42 complex were verified by RNA degradation assays, consistent with prior findings in other archaeal exosomes. The resemblance between archaeal exosomes and bacterial PNPase suggests a common mechanism for RNA degradation. Despite sharing comparable topologies, the surface charge distributions of TaciRrp4 and other archaea structures are surprisingly distinct. Different RNA breakdown substrates may be responsible for this variation. These newfound structural findings enhance our comprehension of RNA processing and degradation in biological systems.","['D013822', 'D055354', 'D018360', 'D019843', 'D008958', 'D021122', 'D063326', 'D020871']"
38926353,Borg extrachromosomal elements of methane-oxidizing archaea have conserved and expressed genetic repertoires.,"Borgs are huge extrachromosomal elements (ECE) of anaerobic methane-consuming ""Candidatus Methanoperedens"" archaea. Here, we used nanopore sequencing to validate published complete genomes curated from short reads and to reconstruct new genomes. 13 complete and four near-complete linear genomes share 40 genes that define a largely syntenous genome backbone. We use these conserved genes to identify new Borgs from peatland soil and to delineate Borg phylogeny, revealing two major clades. Remarkably, Borg genes encoding nanowire-like electron-transferring cytochromes and cell surface proteins are more highly expressed than those of host Methanoperedens, indicating that Borgs augment the Methanoperedens activity in situ. We reconstructed the first complete 4.00 Mbp genome for a Methanoperedens that is inferred to be a Borg host and predicted its methylation motifs, which differ from pervasive TC and CC methylation motifs of the Borgs. Thus, methylation may enable Methanoperedens to distinguish their genomes from those of Borgs. Very high Borg to Methanoperedens ratios and structural predictions suggest that Borgs may be capable of encapsulation. The findings clearly define Borgs as a distinct class of ECE with shared genomic signatures, establish their diversification from a common ancestor with genetic inheritance, and raise the possibility of periodic existence outside of host cells.","['D020745', 'D008697', 'D010802', 'D010084', 'D001105', 'D000081414', 'D019175', 'D012988']"
38922750,A genome catalogue of mercury-methylating bacteria and archaea from sediments of a boreal river facing human disturbances.,"Methyl mercury, a toxic compound, is produced by anaerobic microbes and magnifies in aquatic food webs, affecting the health of animals and humans. The exploration of mercury methylators based on genomes is still limited, especially in the context of river ecosystems. To address this knowledge gap, we developed a genome catalogue of potential mercury-methylating microorganisms. This was based on the presence of hgcAB from the sediments of a river affected by two run-of-river hydroelectric dams, logging activities and a wildfire. Through the use of genome-resolved metagenomics, we discovered a unique and diverse group of mercury methylators. These were dominated by members of the metabolically versatile Bacteroidota and were particularly rich in microbes that ferment butyrate. By comparing the diversity and abundance of mercury methylators between sites subjected to different disturbances, we found that ongoing disturbances, such as the input of organic matter related to logging activities, were particularly conducive to the establishment of a mercury-methylating niche. Finally, to gain a deeper understanding of the environmental factors that shape the diversity of mercury methylators, we compared the mercury-methylating genome catalogue with the broader microbial community. The results suggest that mercury methylators respond to environmental conditions in a manner similar to the overall microbial community. Therefore, it is crucial to interpret the diversity and abundance of mercury methylators within their specific ecological context.","['D019015', 'D045483', 'D001105', 'D001419', 'D008628', 'D008767', 'D056186', 'D006801', 'D016680', 'D020745', 'D017753', 'D064307']"
38918820,Metagenomic insights into microbial adaptation to the salinity gradient of a typical short residence-time estuary.,"Microbial adaptation to salinity has been a classic inquiry in the field of microbiology. It has been demonstrated that microorganisms can endure salinity stress via either the ""salt-in"" strategy, involving inorganic ion uptake, or the ""salt-out"" strategy, relying on compatible solutes. While these insights are mostly based on laboratory-cultured isolates, exploring the adaptive mechanisms of microorganisms within natural salinity gradient is crucial for gaining a deeper understanding of microbial adaptation in the estuarine ecosystem.","['D063366', 'D054712', 'D056186', 'D001419', 'D001105', 'D054892', 'D000222', 'D064307', 'D012623', 'D014871']"
38918384,MiDAS 5: Global diversity of bacteria and archaea in anaerobic digesters.,"Anaerobic digestion of organic waste into methane and carbon dioxide (biogas) is carried out by complex microbial communities. Here, we use full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing of 285 full-scale anaerobic digesters (ADs) to expand our knowledge about diversity and function of the bacteria and archaea in ADs worldwide. The sequences are processed into full-length 16S rRNA amplicon sequence variants (FL-ASVs) and are used to expand the MiDAS 4 database for bacteria and archaea in wastewater treatment systems, creating MiDAS 5. The expansion of the MiDAS database increases the coverage for bacteria and archaea in ADs worldwide, leading to improved genus- and species-level classification. Using MiDAS 5, we carry out an amplicon-based, global-scale microbial community profiling of the sampled ADs using three common sets of primers targeting different regions of the 16S rRNA gene in bacteria and/or archaea. We reveal how environmental conditions and biogeography shape the AD microbiota. We also identify core and conditionally rare or abundant taxa, encompassing 692 genera and 1013 species. These represent 84-99% and 18-61% of the accumulated read abundance, respectively, across samples depending on the amplicon primers used. Finally, we examine the global diversity of functional groups with known importance for the anaerobic digestion process.","['D001105', 'D012336', 'D000693', 'D001419', 'D064307', 'D044822', 'D010802', 'D062065', 'D019149', 'D008697', 'D017422']"
38900801,Ultrafast terahertz Stark spectroscopy reveals the excited-state dipole moments of retinal in bacteriorhodopsin.,"The photoinduced all-trans to 13-cis isomerization of the retinal Schiff base represents the ultrafast first step in the reaction cycle of bacteriorhodopsin (BR). Extensive experimental and theoretical work has addressed excited-state dynamics and isomerization via a conical intersection with the ground state. In conflicting molecular pictures, the excited state potential energy surface has been modeled as a pure S[Formula: see text] state that intersects with the ground state, or in a 3-state picture involving the S[Formula: see text] and S[Formula: see text] states. Here, the photoexcited system passes two crossing regions to return to the ground state. The electric dipole moment of the Schiff base in the S[Formula: see text] and S[Formula: see text] state differs strongly and, thus, its measurement allows for assessing the character of the excited-state potential. We apply the method of ultrafast terahertz (THz) Stark spectroscopy to measure electric dipole changes of wild-type BR and a BR D85T mutant upon electronic excitation. A fully reversible transient broadening and spectral shift of electronic absorption is induced by a picosecond THz field of several megavolts/cm and mapped by a 120-fs optical probe pulse. For both BR variants, we derive a moderate electric dipole change of 5 [Formula: see text] 1 Debye, which is markedly smaller than predicted for a neat S[Formula: see text]-character of the excited state. In contrast, S[Formula: see text]-admixture and temporal averaging of excited-state dynamics over the probe pulse duration gives a dipole change in line with experiment. Our results support a picture of electronic and nuclear dynamics governed by the interaction of S[Formula: see text] and S[Formula: see text] states in a 3-state model.","['D001436', 'D012172', 'D055068', 'D012545', 'D019617', 'D007536']"
38900790,Diversity and evolution of nitric oxide reduction in bacteria and archaea.,"Nitrous oxide is a potent greenhouse gas whose production is catalyzed by nitric oxide reductase (NOR) members of the heme-copper oxidoreductase (HCO) enzyme superfamily. We identified several previously uncharacterized HCO families, four of which (eNOR, sNOR, gNOR, and nNOR) appear to perform NO reduction. These families have novel active-site structures and several have conserved proton channels, suggesting that they might be able to couple NO reduction to energy conservation. We isolated and biochemically characterized a member of the eNOR family from the bacterium Rhodothermus marinus and found that it performs NO reduction. These recently identified NORs exhibited broad phylogenetic and environmental distributions, greatly expanding the diversity of microbes in nature capable of NO reduction. Phylogenetic analyses further demonstrated that NORs evolved multiple times independently from oxygen reductases, supporting the view that complete denitrification evolved after aerobic respiration.","['D009569', 'D010088', 'D010802', 'D010084', 'D001105', 'D045245', 'D019143', 'D001419', 'D001426']"
38898040,Biosynthesis of GMGT lipids by a radical SAM enzyme associated with anaerobic archaea and oxygen-deficient environments.,"Archaea possess characteristic membrane-spanning lipids that are thought to contribute to the adaptation to extreme environments. However, the biosynthesis of these lipids is poorly understood. Here, we identify a radical S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) enzyme that synthesizes glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers (GMGTs). The enzyme, which we name GMGT synthase (Gms), catalyzes the formation of a C(sp3)-C(sp3) linkage between the two isoprenoid chains of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs). This conclusion is supported by heterologous expression of gene gms from a GMGT-producing species in a methanogen, as well as demonstration of in vitro activity using purified Gms enzyme. Additionally, we show that genes encoding putative Gms homologs are present in obligate anaerobic archaea and in metagenomes obtained from oxygen-deficient environments, and appear to be absent in metagenomes from oxic settings.","['D012436', 'D001105', 'D010100', 'D000693', 'D019843', 'D005990', 'D054892', 'D010802']"
38896154,"Microbial Communities in Standing Dead Trees in Ghost Forests are Largely Aerobic, Saprophytic, and Methanotrophic.","Standing dead trees (snags) are recognized for their influence on methane (CH4) cycling in coastal wetlands, yet the biogeochemical processes that control the magnitude and direction of fluxes across the snag-atmosphere interface are not fully elucidated. Herein, we analyzed microbial communities and fluxes at one height from ten snags in a ghost forest wetland. Snag-atmosphere CH4 fluxes were highly variable (- 0.11-0.51 mg CH4 m-2 h-1). CH4 production was measured in three out of ten snags; whereas, CH4 consumption was measured in two out of ten snags. Potential CH4 production and oxidation in one core from each snag was assayed in vitro. A single core produced CH4 under anoxic and oxic conditions, at measured rates of 0.7 and 0.6 ng CH4 g-1 h-1, respectively. Four cores oxidized CH4 under oxic conditions, with an average rate of - 1.13 ± 0.31 ng CH4 g-1 h-1. Illumina sequencing of the V3/V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed diverse microbial communities and indicated oxidative decomposition of deadwood. Methanogens were present in 20% of the snags, with a mean relative abundance of < 0.0001%. Methanotrophs were identified in all snags, with a mean relative abundance of 2% and represented the sole CH4-cycling communities in 80% of the snags. These data indicate potential for microbial attenuation of CH4 emissions across the snag-atmosphere interface in ghost forests. A better understanding of the environmental drivers of snag-associated microbial communities is necessary to forecast the response of CH4 cycling in coastal ghost forest wetlands to a shifting coastal landscape.","['D008697', 'D065928', 'D064307', 'D053833', 'D001419', 'D012336', 'D014197', 'D010802', 'D010084', 'D001105', 'D000332']"
38890178,"Halobacterium yunchengense sp. nov., Natronomonas amylolytica sp. nov., Halorientalis halophila sp. nov., Halobellus salinisoli sp. nov., halophilic archaea isolated from a saline lake and inland saline soil.","Four halophilic archaeal strains YCN1T, YCN58T, LT38T, and LT62T were isolated from Yuncheng Salt Lake (Shanxi, China) and Tarim Basin (Xinjiang, China), respectively. Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses showed that these four strains tightly cluster with related species of Halobacterium, Natronomonas, Halorientalis, and Halobellus, respectively. The AAI, ANI, and dDDH values between these four strains and their related species of respective genera were lower than the proposed threshold values for species delineation. Strains YCN1T, YCN58T, LT38T, and LT62T could be differentiated from the current species of Halobacterium, Natronomonas, Halorientalis, and Halobellus, respectively, based on the comparison of diverse phenotypic characteristics. The polar lipid profiles of these four strains were closely similar to those of respective relatives within the genera Halobacterium, Natronomonas, Halorientalis, and Halobellus, respectively. The phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genome-based analyses indicated that strains YCN1T, YCN58T, LT38T, and LT62T represent respective novel species within the genera Halobacterium, Natronomonas, Halorentalis, and Halobellus, for which the names Halobacterium yunchengense sp. nov., Natronomonas amylolytica sp. nov., Halorientalis halophila sp. nov., and Halobellus salinisoli sp. nov. are proposed, respectively.","['D060106', 'D010802', 'D012988', 'D006217', 'D020745', 'D006216']"
38888585,EzBioCloud: a genome-driven database and platform for microbiome identification and discovery.,"With the continued evolution of DNA sequencing technologies, the role of genome sequence data has become more integral in the classification and identification of Bacteria and Archaea. Six years after introducing EzBioCloud, an integrated platform representing the taxonomic hierarchy of Bacteria and Archaea through quality-controlled 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences, we present an updated version, that further refines and expands its capabilities. The current update recognizes the growing need for accurate taxonomic information as defining a species increasingly relies on genome sequence comparisons. We also incorporated an advanced strategy for addressing underrepresented or less studied lineages, bolstering the comprehensiveness and accuracy of our database. Our rigorous quality control protocols remain, where whole-genome assemblies from the NCBI Assembly Database undergo stringent screening to remove low-quality sequence data. These are then passed through our enhanced identification bioinformatics pipeline which initiates a 16S rRNA gene similarity search and then calculates the average nucleotide identity (ANI). For genome sequences lacking a 16S rRNA sequence and without a closely related genomic representative for ANI calculation, we apply a different ANI approach using bacterial core genes for improved taxonomic placement (core gene ANI, cgANI). Because of the increase in genome sequences available in NCBI and our newly introduced cgANI method, EzBioCloud now encompasses a total of 109 835 species, of which 21 964 have validly published names. 47 896 are candidate species identified either through 16S rRNA sequence similarity (phylotypes) or through whole genome ANI (genomospecies), and the remaining 39 975 were positioned in the taxonomic tree by cgANI (species clusters). Our EzBioCloud database is accessible at www.ezbiocloud.net/db.","['D012336', 'D001419', 'D064307', 'D001105', 'D016680', 'D010802', 'D030541', 'D020745', 'D017422', 'D019295']"
38888492,"Beyond methane, new frontiers in anaerobic microbial hydrocarbon utilizing pathways.","Alkanes, single carbon methane to long-chain hydrocarbons (e.g. hexadecane and tetradecane), are important carbon sources to anaerobic microbial communities. In anoxic environments, archaea are known to utilize and produce methane via the methyl-coenzyme M reductase enzyme (MCR). Recent explorations of new environments, like deep sea sediments, that have coupled metagenomics and cultivation experiments revealed divergent MCRs, also referred to as alkyl-coenzyme M reductases (ACRs) in archaea, with similar mechanisms as the C1 utilizing canonical MCR mechanism. These ACR enzymes have been shown to activate other alkanes such as ethane, propane and butane for subsequent degradation. The reversibility of canonical MCRs suggests that these non-methane-activating homologues (ACRs) might have similar reversibility, perhaps mediated by undiscovered lineages that produce alkanes under certain conditions. The discovery of these alternative alkane utilization pathways holds significant promise for a breadth of potential biotechnological applications in bioremediation, energy production and climate change mitigation.","['D000693', 'D001105', 'D008697', 'D006838', 'D010088', 'D000473', 'D053858', 'D001673']"
38888209,Sulfide Toxicity as Key Control on Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane in Eutrophic Coastal Sediments.,"Coastal zones account for 75% of marine methane emissions, despite covering only 15% of the ocean surface area. In these ecosystems, the tight balance between methane production and oxidation in sediments prevents most methane from escaping into seawater. However, anthropogenic activities could disrupt this balance, leading to an increased methane escape from coastal sediments. To quantify and unravel potential mechanisms underlying this disruption, we used a suite of biogeochemical and microbiological analyses to investigate the impact of anthropogenically induced redox shifts on methane cycling in sediments from three sites with contrasting bottom water redox conditions (oxic-hypoxic-euxinic) in the eutrophic Stockholm Archipelago. Our results indicate that the methane production potential increased under hypoxia and euxinia, while anaerobic oxidation of methane was disrupted under euxinia. Experimental, genomic, and biogeochemical data suggest that the virtual disappearance of methane-oxidizing archaea at the euxinic site occurred due to sulfide toxicity. This could explain a near 7-fold increase in the extent of escape of benthic methane at the euxinic site relative to the hypoxic one. In conclusion, these insights reveal how the development of euxinia could disrupt the coastal methane biofilter, potentially leading to increased methane emissions from coastal zones.","['D008697', 'D010084', 'D019015', 'D000693', 'D013440', 'D012623', 'D005068', 'D001105']"
38887621,Maize residue retention shapes soil microbial communities and co-occurrence networks upon freeze-thawing cycles.,"Maize residue retention is an effective agricultural practice for improving soil fertility in black soil region, where suffered from long freezing-thawing periods and intense freeze-thawing (FT) cycles. However, very few studies have examined the influence of maize residue retention on soil microbial communities under FT cycles. We investigated the response of soil microbial communities and co-occurrence networks to maize residue retention at different FT intensities over 12 cycles using a microcosm experiment conditioned in a temperature incubator. Our results indicated that maize residue retention induced dramatic shifts in soil archaeal, bacterial and fungal communities towards copiotroph-dominated communities. Maize residue retention consistently reduced soil fungal richness across all cycles, but this effect was weaker for archaea and bacteria. Normalized stochastic ratio analysis revealed that maize residue retention significantly enhanced the deterministic process of archaeal, bacterial and fungal communities. Although FT intensity significantly impacted soil respiration, it did not induce profound changes in soil microbial diversity and community composition. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that maize residue retention simplified prokaryotic network, while did not impact fungal network complexity. The network robustness index suggested that maize residue retention enhanced the fungal network stability, but reduced prokaryotic network stability. Moreover, the fungal network in severe FT treatment harbored the most abundant keystone taxa, mainly being cold-adapted fungi. By identifying modules in networks, we observed that prokaryotic Module #1 and fungal Module #3 were enhanced by maize residue retention and contributed greatly to soil quality. Together, our results showed that maize residue retention exerted stronger influence on soil microbial communities and co-occurrence network patterns than FT intensity and highlighted the potential of microbial interactions in improving soil functionality.","['D003313', 'D012988', 'D005658', 'D001419', 'D005615', 'D064307', 'D001105', 'D012987']"
38885389,Identification of two archaeal GDGT lipid-modifying proteins reveals diverse microbes capable of GMGT biosynthesis and modification.,"Archaea produce unique membrane-spanning lipids (MSLs), termed glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), which aid in adaptive responses to various environmental challenges. GDGTs can be modified through cyclization, cross-linking, methylation, hydroxylation, and desaturation, resulting in structurally distinct GDGT lipids. Here, we report the identification of radical SAM proteins responsible for two of these modifications-a glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraether (GMGT) synthase (Gms), responsible for covalently cross-linking the two hydrocarbon tails of a GDGT to produce GMGTs, and a GMGT methylase (Gmm), capable of methylating the core hydrocarbon tail. Heterologous expression of Gms proteins from various archaea in Thermococcus kodakarensis results in the production of GMGTs in two isomeric forms. Further, coexpression of Gms and Gmm produces mono- and dimethylated GMGTs and minor amounts of trimethylated GMGTs with only trace GDGT methylation. Phylogenetic analyses reveal the presence of Gms homologs in diverse archaeal genomes spanning all four archaeal superphyla and in multiple bacterial phyla with the genetic potential to synthesize fatty acid-based MSLs, demonstrating that GMGT production may be more widespread than previously appreciated. We demonstrate GMGT production in three Gms-encoding archaea, identifying an increase in GMGTs in response to elevated temperature in two Archaeoglobus species and the production of GMGTs with up to six rings in Vulcanisaeta distributa. The occurrence of such highly cyclized GMGTs has been limited to environmental samples and their detection in culture demonstrates the utility of combining genetic, bioinformatic, and lipid analyses to identify producers of distinct archaeal membrane lipids.","['D019843', 'D010802', 'D001105', 'D019712', 'D005995', 'D008563']"
38881221,Genome-resolved metagenomics reveals diverse taxa and metabolic complexity in Antarctic lake microbial structures.,"Lake Untersee, a lake in Antarctica that is perennially covered with ice, is home to unique microbial structures that are not lithified. We have evaluated the structure of the community and its metabolic potential across the pigmented upper layers and the sediment-enriched deeper layers in these pinnacle and cone-shaped microbial structures using metagenomics. These microbial structures are inhabited by distinct communities. The upper layers of the cone-shaped structures have a higher abundance of the cyanobacterial MAG Microcoleus, while the pinnacle-shaped structures have a higher abundance of Elainellacea MAG. This suggests that cyanobacteria influence the morphologies of the mats. We identified stark contrasts in the composition of the community and its metabolic potential between the upper and lower layers of the mat. The upper layers of the mat, which receive light, have an increased abundance of photosynthetic pathways. In contrast, the lower layer has an increased abundance of heterotrophic pathways. Our results also showed that Lake Untersee is the first Antarctic lake with a substantial presence of ammonia-oxidizing Nitrospiracea and amoA genes. The genomic capacity for recycling biological molecules was prevalent across metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) that cover 19 phyla. This highlights the importance of nutrient scavenging in ultra-oligotrophic environments. Overall, our study provides new insights into the formation of microbial structures and the potential metabolic complexity of Antarctic laminated microbial mats. These mats are important environments for biodiversity that drives biogeochemical cycling in polar deserts.","['D000864', 'D060106', 'D056186', 'D001419', 'D000458', 'D064307', 'D010802', 'D019015', 'D054892', 'D016680', 'D001105']"
38877033,CryoEM reveals the structure of an archaeal pilus involved in twitching motility.,"Amongst the major types of archaeal filaments, several have been shown to closely resemble bacterial homologues of the Type IV pili (T4P). Within Sulfolobales, member species encode for three types of T4P, namely the archaellum, the UV-inducible pilus system (Ups) and the archaeal adhesive pilus (Aap). Whereas the archaellum functions primarily in swimming motility, and the Ups in UV-induced cell aggregation and DNA-exchange, the Aap plays an important role in adhesion and twitching motility. Here, we present a cryoEM structure of the Aap of the archaeal model organism Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. We identify the component subunit as AapB and find that while its structure follows the canonical T4P blueprint, it adopts three distinct conformations within the pilus. The tri-conformer Aap structure that we describe challenges our current understanding of pilus structure and sheds new light on the principles of twitching motility.","['D020285', 'D016945', 'D019843', 'D010861', 'D036781', 'D008958']"
38877024,Adhesion pilus retraction powers twitching motility in the thermoacidophilic crenarchaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius.,"Type IV pili are filamentous appendages found in most bacteria and archaea, where they can support functions such as surface adhesion, DNA uptake, aggregation, and motility. In most bacteria, PilT-family ATPases disassemble adhesion pili, causing them to rapidly retract and produce twitching motility, important for surface colonization. As archaea do not possess PilT homologs, it was thought that archaeal pili cannot retract and that archaea do not exhibit twitching motility. Here, we use live-cell imaging, automated cell tracking, fluorescence imaging, and genetic manipulation to show that the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius exhibits twitching motility, driven by retractable adhesion (Aap) pili, under physiologically relevant conditions (75 °C, pH 2). Aap pili are thus capable of retraction in the absence of a PilT homolog, suggesting that the ancestral type IV pili in the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) were capable of retraction.","['D016945', 'D010861', 'D019843', 'D036781']"
38866721,Sugar transport in thermophiles: Bridging lignocellulose deconstruction and bioconversion.,"Biomass degrading thermophiles play an indispensable role in building lignocellulose-based supply chains. They operate at high temperatures to improve process efficiencies and minimize mesophilic contamination, can overcome lignocellulose recalcitrance through their native carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) inventory, and can utilize a wide range of sugar substrates. However, sugar transport in thermophiles is poorly understood and investigated, as compared to enzymatic lignocellulose deconstruction and metabolic conversion of sugars to value-added chemicals. Here, we review the general modes of sugar transport in thermophilic bacteria and archaea, covering the structural, molecular, and biophysical basis of their high-affinity sugar uptake. We also discuss recent genetic studies on sugar transporter function. With this understanding of sugar transport, we discuss strategies for how sugar transport can be engineered in thermophiles, with the potential to enhance the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into renewable products.","['D008031', 'D001105', 'D001692', 'D000073893', 'D001419', 'D018533', 'D050260', 'D006358']"
38866340,Unraveling interspecies cross-feeding during anaerobic lignin degradation for bioenergy applications.,"Lignin, a major component of plant biomass, remains underutilized for renewable biofuels due to its complex and heterogeneous structure. Although investigations into depolymerizing lignin using fungi are well-established, studies of microbial pathways that enable anaerobic lignin breakdown linked with methanogenesis are limited. Through an enrichment cultivation approach with inoculation of freshwater sediment, we enriched a microbial community capable of producing methane during anaerobic lignin degradation. We reconstructed the near-complete population genomes of key lignin degraders and methanogens using metagenome-assembled genomes finally selected in this study (MAGs; 92 bacterial and 4 archaeal MAGs affiliated into 45 and 2 taxonomic groups, respectively). This study provides genetic evidence of microbial interdependence in conversion of lignin to methane in a syntrophic community. Metagenomic analysis revealed metabolic linkages, with lignin-hydrolyzing and/or fermentative bacteria such as the genera Alkalibaculum and Propionispora transforming lignin breakdown products into compounds such as acetate to feed methanogens (two archaeal MAGs classified into the genus Methanosarcina or UBA6 of the family Methanomassiliicoccaceae). Understanding the synergistic relationships between microbes that convert lignin could inform strategies for producing renewable bioenergy and treating aromatic-contaminated environments through anaerobic biodegradation processes. Overall, this study offers fundamental insights into complex community-level anaerobic lignin metabolism, highlighting hitherto unknown players, interactions, and pathways in this biotechnologically valuable process.","['D008031', 'D000693', 'D001673', 'D056804', 'D001105', 'D001419', 'D008697', 'D064307', 'D054892']"
38866018,Minimal and hybrid hydrogenases are active from archaea.,"Microbial hydrogen (H2) cycling underpins the diversity and functionality of diverse anoxic ecosystems. Among the three evolutionarily distinct hydrogenase superfamilies responsible, [FeFe] hydrogenases were thought to be restricted to bacteria and eukaryotes. Here, we show that anaerobic archaea encode diverse, active, and ancient lineages of [FeFe] hydrogenases through combining analysis of existing and new genomes with extensive biochemical experiments. [FeFe] hydrogenases are encoded by genomes of nine archaeal phyla and expressed by H2-producing Asgard archaeon cultures. We report an ultraminimal hydrogenase in DPANN archaea that binds the catalytic H-cluster and produces H2. Moreover, we identify and characterize remarkable hybrid complexes formed through the fusion of [FeFe] and [NiFe] hydrogenases in ten other archaeal orders. Phylogenetic analysis and structural modeling suggest a deep evolutionary history of hybrid hydrogenases. These findings reveal new metabolic adaptations of archaea, streamlined H2 catalysts for biotechnological development, and a surprisingly intertwined evolutionary history between the two major H2-metabolizing enzymes.","['D001105', 'D019843', 'D020745', 'D006859', 'D006864', 'D007506', 'D008958', 'D010802', 'D017434']"
38861039,"Nitrate reduction to ammonium: a phylogenetic, physiological, and genetic aspects in Prokaryotes and eukaryotes.","The microbe-mediated conversion of nitrate (NO3-) to ammonium (NH4+) in the nitrogen cycle has strong implications for soil health and crop productivity. The role of prokaryotes, eukaryotes and their phylogeny, physiology, and genetic regulations are essential for understanding the ecological significance of this empirical process. Several prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), and a few eukaryotes (fungi and algae) are reported as NO3- reducers under certain conditions. This process involves enzymatic reactions which has been catalysed by nitrate reductases, nitrite reductases, and NH4+-assimilating enzymes. Earlier reports emphasised that single-cell prokaryotic or eukaryotic organisms are responsible for this process, which portrayed a prominent gap. Therefore, this study revisits the similarities and uniqueness of mechanism behind NO3- -reduction to NH4+ in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Moreover, phylogenetic, physiological, and genetic regulation also shed light on the evolutionary connections between two systems which could help us to better explain the NO3--reduction mechanisms over time. Reports also revealed that certain transcription factors like NtrC/NtrB and Nit2 have shown a major role in coordinating the expression of NO3- assimilation genes in response to NO3- availability. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive information about the complex fermentative and respiratory dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) processes. Uncovering the complexity of this process across various organisms may further give insight into sustainable nitrogen management practices and might contribute to addressing global environmental challenges.","['D009566', 'D064751', 'D010802', 'D001419', 'D001105', 'D010084', 'D056890', 'D011387', 'D005658', 'D058458', 'D009572']"
38852403,Microbial community changes and metabolic pathways analysis during waste activated sludge and meat processing waste anaerobic co-digestion.,"Waste activated sludge (WAS) and meat processing waste (MPW) were acted as co-substrates in anaerobic co-digestion (AcD), and biochemical methane potential (BMP) test was carried out to investigate the methane production performances. Microbial community structure and metabolic pathways analyses were conducted by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and functional prediction analysis. BMP test results indicated that AcD of 70% WAS+30% MPW and 50% WAS+50% MPW (VS/VS) could significantly improve methane yield to 371.05 mL/g VS and 599.61 mL/g VS, respectively, compared with WAS acting as sole substrate (191.87 mL/g VS). The results of microbial community analysis showed that Syntrophomonas and Petrimonas became the dominant bacteria genera, and Methanomassiliicoccus and Methanobacterium became the dominant archaea genera after MPW addition. 16S functional prediction analysis results indicated that genes expression of key enzymes involved in syntrophic acetate oxidation (SAO), hydrogenotrophic and methylotrophic methanogenesis were up-regulated, and acetoclastic methanogenesis was inhibited after MPW addition. Based on these analyses, it could be inferred that SAO combined with hydrogenotrophic and methylotrophic methanogenesis was the dominant pathway for organics degradation and methane production during AcD. These findings provided systematic insights into the microbial community changes and metabolic pathways during AcD of WAS and MPW.","['D012722', 'D000693', 'D008697', 'D053858', 'D012336', 'D001419', 'D008460', 'D001105']"
38850425,Taxonomic Reframe of Some Species of the Genera Haloferax and Halobellus.,"Haloferax and Halobellus are the representatives of the family Haloferacaceae and they are dominant in hypersaline ecosystems. Some Haloferax and Halobellus species exhibit a close evolutionary relationship. Genomic, phylogenetic (based on 16S rRNA gene sequence), and phylogenomic analysis were performed to evaluate the taxonomic positions of the genera Haloferax and Halobellus. Based on the results we propose to reclassify Halobellus ramosii as a later heterotypic synonym of Halobellus inordinatus; Haloferax lucentense and Haloferax alexandrinum as later heterotypic synonyms of Haloferax volcanii.","['D010802', 'D012336', 'D019621', 'D017422', 'D019641']"
38841753,Chemical Dynamics of Selenium Nanoparticles in Archaeal Systems.,"Methanogenic archaea, characterized by their cell membrane lipid molecules consisting of isoprenoid chains linked to glycerol-1-phosphate via ether bonds, exhibit exceptional adaptability to extreme environments. However, this distinct lipid architecture also complicates the interactions between methanogenic archaea and nanoparticles. This study addresses this challenge by exploring the interaction and transformation of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) within archaeal Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A. We demonstrated that the effects of SeNPs are highly concentration-dependent, with chemical stimulation of cellular processes at lower SeNPs concentrations as well as oxidative stress and metabolic disruption at higher concentrations. Notably, we observed the formation of a protein corona on SeNPs, characterized by the selective adsorption of enzymes critical for methylotrophic methanogenesis and those involved in selenium methylation, suggesting potential alterations in protein function and metabolic pathways. Furthermore, the intracellular transformation of SeNPs into both inorganic and organic selenium species highlighted their bioavailability and dynamic transformation within archaea. These findings provide vital insights into the nano-bio interface in archaeal systems, contributing to our understanding of archaeal catalysis and its broader applications.","['D012643', 'D017020', 'D053758', 'D018384']"
38839371,How Do Thermophiles Organize Their Genomes?,"All cells must maintain the structural and functional integrity of the genome under a wide range of environments. High temperatures pose a formidable challenge to cells by denaturing the DNA double helix, causing chemical damage to DNA, and increasing the random thermal motion of chromosomes. Thermophiles, predominantly classified as bacteria or archaea, exhibit an exceptional capacity to mitigate these detrimental effects and prosper under extreme thermal conditions, with some species tolerating temperatures higher than 100°C. Their genomes are mainly characterized by the presence of reverse gyrase, a unique topoisomerase that introduces positive supercoils into DNA. This enzyme has been suggested to maintain the genome integrity of thermophiles by limiting DNA melting and mediating DNA repair. Previous studies provided significant insights into the mechanisms by which NAPs, histones, SMC superfamily proteins, and polyamines affect the 3D genomes of thermophiles across different scales. Here, I discuss current knowledge of the genome organization in thermophiles and pertinent research questions for future investigations.","['D001105', 'D001419', 'D016680', 'D020745', 'D006358', 'D004264', 'D004260']"
38838490,Habitat changes due to glacial freezing and melting reshape microbial networks.,"The phenomenon of glacial freezing and thawing involves microbial sequestration, release, and colonization, which has the potential to impact ecosystem functioning through changes in microbial diversity and interactions. In this study, we examined the structural features of microbial communities of the Dongkemadi glacier, including bacteria, fungi, and archaea, in four distinct glacial environments (snow, ice, meltwater, and frontier soil). The sequestration, release, and colonization of glacial microbes have been found to significantly impact the diversity and structure of glacial microbial communities, as well as the complexity of microbial networks. Specifically, the complexity of bacterial networks has been observed to increase in a sequential manner during these processes. Utilizing the Inter-Domain Ecological Network approach, researchers have further explored the cross-trophic interactions among bacteria, fungi, and archaea. The complexity of the bacteria-fungi-archaea network exhibited a sequential increase due to the processes of sequestration, release, and colonization of glacial microbes. The release and colonization of glacial microbes led to a shift in the role of archaea as key species within the network. Additionally, our findings suggest that the hierarchical interactions among various microorganisms contributed to the heightened complexity of the bacteria-fungi-archaea network. The primary constituents of the glacial microbial ecosystem are unclassified species associated with the Polaromonas. It is noteworthy that various key species in glacial ecosystems are influenced by the distinct environmental factors. Moreover, our findings suggest that key species are not significantly depleted in response to abrupt alterations in individual environmental factors, shedding light on the dynamics of microbial cross-trophic interactions within glacial ecosystems.","['D046448', 'D001105', 'D017753', 'D005615', 'D001419', 'D005658', 'D064307', 'D012988', 'D044822']"
38827283,"Metagenomic insight into taxonomic composition, environmental filtering and functional redundancy for shaping worldwide modern non-lithifying microbial mats.","Modern microbial mats are relictual communities mostly found in extreme environments worldwide. Despite their significance as representatives of the ancestral Earth and their important roles in biogeochemical cycling, research on microbial mats has largely been localized, focusing on site-specific descriptions and environmental change experiments. Here, we present a global comparative analysis of non-lithifying microbial mats, integrating environmental measurements with metagenomic data from 62 samples across eight sites, including two new samples from the recently discovered Archaean Domes from Cuatro Ciénegas, Mexico. Our results revealed a notable influence of environmental filtering on both taxonomic and functional compositions of microbial mats. Functional redundancy appears to confer resilience to mats, with essential metabolic pathways conserved across diverse and highly contrasting habitats. We identified six highly correlated clusters of taxa performing similar ecological functions, suggesting niche partitioning and functional specialization as key mechanisms shaping community structure. Our findings provide insights into the ecological principles governing microbial mats, and lay the foundation for future research elucidating the intricate interplay between environmental factors and microbial community dynamics.","['D056186', 'D001105', 'D008800', 'D001419', 'D017753', 'D064307', 'D054892', 'D019015']"
38825783,Archaea influence composition of endoscopically visible ileocolonic biofilms.,"The gut microbiota has been implicated as a driver of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recently we described, mucosal biofilms, signifying alterations in microbiota composition and bile acid (BA) metabolism in IBS and ulcerative colitis (UC). Luminal oxygen concentration is a key factor in the gastrointestinal (GI) ecosystem and might be increased in IBS and UC. Here we analyzed the role of archaea as a marker for hypoxia in mucosal biofilms and GI homeostasis. The effects of archaea on microbiome composition and metabolites were analyzed via amplicon sequencing and untargeted metabolomics in 154 stool samples of IBS-, UC-patients and controls. Mucosal biofilms were collected in a subset of patients and examined for their bacterial, fungal and archaeal composition. Absence of archaea, specifically Methanobrevibacter, correlated with disrupted GI homeostasis including decreased microbial diversity, overgrowth of facultative anaerobes and conjugated secondary BA. IBS-D/-M was associated with absence of archaea. Presence of Methanobrevibacter correlated with Oscillospiraceae and epithelial short chain fatty acid metabolism and decreased levels of Ruminococcus gnavus. Absence of fecal Methanobrevibacter may indicate a less hypoxic GI environment, reduced fatty acid oxidation, overgrowth of facultative anaerobes and disrupted BA deconjugation. Archaea and Ruminococcus gnavus could distinguish distinct subtypes of mucosal biofilms. Further research on the connection between archaea, mucosal biofilms and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth should be performed.","['D006801', 'D018441', 'D000069196', 'D001105', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D001419', 'D005243', 'D003106', 'D041581', 'D003093', 'D043183', 'D000368', 'D007413', 'D007082', 'D005232', 'D055815', 'D001647']"
38823882,Revealing microbiota characteristics and predicting flavor-producing sub-communities in Nongxiangxing baijiu pit mud through metagenomic analysis and metabolic modeling.,"The microorganisms of the pit mud (PM) of Nongxiangxing baijiu (NXXB) have an important role in the synthesis of flavor substances, and they determine attributes and quality of baijiu. Herein, we utilize metagenomics and genome-scale metabolic models (GSMMs) to investigate the microbial composition, metabolic functions in PM microbiota, as well as to identify microorganisms and communities linked to flavor compounds. Metagenomic data revealed that the most prevalent assembly of bacteria and archaea was Proteiniphilum, Caproicibacterium, Petrimonas, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Aminobacterium, Syntrophomonas, Methanobacterium, Methanoculleus, and Methanosarcina. The important enzymes ofPMwere in bothGH and GT familymetabolism. A total of 38 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were obtained, including those at the family level (n = 13), genus level (n = 17), and species level (n = 8). GSMMs of the 38 MAGs were then constructed. From the GSMMs, individual and community capabilities respectively were predicted to be able to produce 111 metabolites and 598 metabolites. Twenty-three predicted metabolites were consistent with the metabonomics detected flavors and served as targets. Twelve sub-community of were screened by cross-feeding of 38 GSMMs. Of them, Methanobacterium, Sphaerochaeta, Muricomes intestini, Methanobacteriaceae, Synergistaceae, and Caloramator were core microorganisms for targets in each sub-community. Overall, this study of metagenomic and target-community screening could help our understanding of the metabolite-microbiome association and further bioregulation of baijiu.","['D056186', 'D064307', 'D001419', 'D001105', 'D005421', 'D054892']"
38821514,Interaction between methanotrophy and gastrointestinal nematodes infection on the rumen microbiome of lambs.,"Complex cross-talk occurs between gastrointestinal nematodes and gut symbiotic microbiota, with consequences for animal metabolism. To investigate the connection between methane production and endoparasites, this study evaluated the effect of mixed infection with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis on methanogenic and methanotrophic community in rumen microbiota of lambs using shotgun metagenomic and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The rumen content was collected from six Santa Inês lambs, (7 months old) before and after 42 days infection by esophageal tube. The metagenomic analysis showed that the infection affected the microbial community structure leading to decreased abundance of methanotrophs bacteria, i.e. α-proteobacteria and β-proteobacteria, anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME), protozoa, sulfate-reducing bacteria, syntrophic bacteria with methanogens, geobacter, and genes related to pyruvate, fatty acid, nitrogen, and sulfur metabolisms, ribulose monophosphate cycle, and Entner-Doudoroff Pathway. Additionally, the abundance of methanogenic archaea and the mcrA gene did not change. The co-occurrence networks enabled us to identify the interactions between each taxon in microbial communities and to determine the reshaping of rumen microbiome associations by gastrointestinal nematode infection. Besides, the correlation between ANMEs was lower in the animal's postinfection. Our findings suggest that gastrointestinal parasites potentially lead to decreased methanotrophic metabolism-related microorganisms and genes.","['D000818', 'D012417', 'D012756', 'D008697', 'D000069196', 'D012757', 'D001419', 'D001105', 'D006189', 'D014254', 'D064307', 'D009349']"
38819156,"Involvement of ArlI, ArlJ, and CirA in archaeal type IV pilin-mediated motility regulation.","Many prokaryotes use swimming motility to move toward favorable conditions and escape adverse surroundings. Regulatory mechanisms governing bacterial flagella-driven motility are well-established; however, little is yet known about the regulation underlying swimming motility propelled by the archaeal cell surface structure, the archaella. Previous research showed that the deletion of the adhesion pilins (PilA1-6), subunits of the type IV pili cell surface structure, renders the model archaeon Haloferax volcanii non-motile. In this study, we used ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis and a motility assay to identify motile suppressors of the ∆pilA[1-6] strain. Of the eight suppressors identified, six contain missense mutations in archaella biosynthesis genes, arlI and arlJ. In trans expression of arlI and arlJ mutant constructs in the respective multi-deletion strains ∆pilA[1-6]∆arlI and ∆pilA[1-6]∆arlJ confirmed their role in suppressing the ∆pilA[1-6] motility defect. Additionally, three suppressors harbor co-occurring disruptive missense and nonsense mutations in cirA, a gene encoding a proposed regulatory protein. A deletion of cirA resulted in hypermotility, while cirA expression in trans in wild-type cells led to decreased motility. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that in wild-type cells, higher expression levels of arlI, arlJ, and the archaellin gene arlA1 were observed in motile early-log phase rod-shaped cells compared to non-motile mid-log phase disk-shaped cells. Conversely, ∆cirA cells, which form rods during both early- and mid-log phases, exhibited similar expression levels of arl genes in both growth phases. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms governing archaeal motility, highlighting the involvement of ArlI, ArlJ, and CirA in pilin-mediated motility regulation.IMPORTANCEArchaea are close relatives of eukaryotes and play crucial ecological roles. Certain behaviors, such as swimming motility, are thought to be important for archaeal environmental adaptation. Archaella, the archaeal motility appendages, are evolutionarily distinct from bacterial flagella, and the regulatory mechanisms driving archaeal motility are largely unknown. Previous research has linked the loss of type IV pili subunits to archaeal motility suppression. This study reveals three Haloferax volcanii proteins involved in pilin-mediated motility regulation, offering a deeper understanding of motility regulation in this understudied domain while also paving the way for uncovering novel mechanisms that govern archaeal motility. Understanding archaeal cellular processes will help elucidate the ecological roles of archaea as well as the evolution of these processes across domains.","['D019622', 'D036781', 'D019843', 'D019848']"
38817151,Catalytic Activity of the Archetype from Group 4 of the FTR-like Ferredoxin:Thioredoxin Reductase Family Is Regulated by Unique S = 7/2 and S = 1/2 [4Fe-4S] Clusters.,"Thioredoxin reductases (TrxR) activate thioredoxins (Trx) that regulate the activity of diverse target proteins essential to prokaryotic and eukaryotic life. However, very little is understood of TrxR/Trx systems and redox control in methanogenic microbes from the domain Archaea (methanogens), for which genomes are abundant with annotations for ferredoxin:thioredoxin reductases [Fdx/thioredoxin reductase (FTR)] from group 4 of the widespread FTR-like family. Only two from the FTR-like family are characterized: the plant-type FTR from group 1 and FDR from group 6. Herein, the group 4 archetype (AFTR) from Methanosarcina acetivorans was characterized to advance understanding of the family and TrxR/Trx systems in methanogens. The modeled structure of AFTR, together with EPR and Mössbauer spectroscopies, supports a catalytic mechanism similar to plant-type FTR and FDR, albeit with important exceptions. EPR spectroscopy of reduced AFTR identified a transient [4Fe-4S]1+ cluster exhibiting a mixture of S = 7/2 and typical S = 1/2 signals, although rare for proteins containing [4Fe-4S] clusters, it is most likely the on-pathway intermediate in the disulfide reduction. Furthermore, an active site histidine equivalent to residues essential for the activity of plant-type FTR and FDR was found dispensable for AFTR. Finally, a unique thioredoxin system was reconstituted from AFTR, ferredoxin, and Trx2 from M. acetivorans, for which specialized target proteins were identified that are essential for growth and other diverse metabolisms.","['D007506', 'D017020', 'D005288', 'D010084', 'D008958', 'D013879', 'D010088', 'D013880', 'D019843', 'D004578']"
38814058,Transcriptomic profiling of haloarchaeal denitrification through RNA-Seq analysis.,"Denitrification, a crucial biochemical pathway prevalent among haloarchaea in hypersaline ecosystems, has garnered considerable attention in recent years due to its ecological implications. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms and genetic regulation governing this respiration/detoxification process in haloarchaea remain largely unexplored. In this study, RNA-sequencing was used to compare the transcriptomes of the haloarchaeon Haloferax mediterranei under oxic and denitrifying conditions, shedding light on the intricate metabolic alterations occurring within the cell, such as the accurate control of the metal homeostasis. Furthermore, the investigation identifies several genes encoding transcriptional regulators and potential accessory proteins with putative roles in denitrification. Among these are bacterioopsin-like transcriptional activators, proteins harboring a domain of unknown function (DUF2249), and cyanoglobin. In addition, the study delves into the genetic regulation of denitrification, finding a regulatory motif within promoter regions that activates numerous denitrification-related genes. This research serves as a starting point for future molecular biology studies in haloarchaea, offering a promising avenue to unravel the intricate mechanisms governing haloarchaeal denitrification, a pathway of paramount ecological importance.IMPORTANCEDenitrification, a fundamental process within the nitrogen cycle, has been subject to extensive investigation due to its close association with anthropogenic activities, and its contribution to the global warming issue, mainly through the release of N2O emissions. Although our comprehension of denitrification and its implications is generally well established, most studies have been conducted in non-extreme environments with mesophilic microorganisms. Consequently, there is a significant knowledge gap concerning extremophilic denitrifiers, particularly those inhabiting hypersaline environments. The significance of this research was to delve into the process of haloarchaeal denitrification, utilizing the complete denitrifier haloarchaeon Haloferax mediterranei as a model organism. This research led to the analysis of the metabolic state of this microorganism under denitrifying conditions and the identification of regulatory signals and genes encoding proteins potentially involved in this pathway, serving as a valuable resource for future molecular studies.","['D058440', 'D020869', 'D059467', 'D019848', 'D019623', 'D000081246', 'D019843']"
38811725,Membraneless channels sieve cations in ammonia-oxidizing marine archaea.,"Nitrosopumilus maritimus is an ammonia-oxidizing archaeon that is crucial to the global nitrogen cycle1,2. A critical step for nitrogen oxidation is the entrapment of ammonium ions from a dilute marine environment at the cell surface and their subsequent channelling to the cell membrane of N. maritimus. Here we elucidate the structure of the molecular machinery responsible for this process, comprising the surface layer (S-layer), using electron cryotomography and subtomogram averaging from cells. We supplemented our in situ structure of the ammonium-binding S-layer array with a single-particle electron cryomicroscopy structure, revealing detailed features of this immunoglobulin-rich and glycan-decorated S-layer. Biochemical analyses showed strong ammonium binding by the cell surface, which was lost after S-layer disassembly. Sensitive bioinformatic analyses identified similar S-layers in many ammonia-oxidizing archaea, with conserved sequence and structural characteristics. Moreover, molecular simulations and structure determination of ammonium-enriched specimens enabled us to examine the cation-binding properties of the S-layer, revealing how it concentrates ammonium ions on its cell-facing side, effectively acting as a multichannel sieve on the cell membrane. This in situ structural study illuminates the biogeochemically essential process of ammonium binding and channelling, common to many marine microorganisms that are fundamental to the nitrogen cycle.","['D000641', 'D059001', 'D001105', 'D002412', 'D002462', 'D020285', 'D008958', 'D010084', 'D011134']"
38811235,"Two Distinct Enzymes Have Both Phytoene Desaturase and 3,4-Desaturase Activities Involved in Carotenoid Biosynthesis by the Extremely Halophilic Archaeon Haloarcula japonica.","The extremely halophilic archaeon Haloarcula japonica accumulates the C50 carotenoid, bacterioruberin (BR). To reveal the BR biosynthetic pathway, unidentified phytoene desaturase candidates were functionally characterized in the present study. Two genes encoding the potential phytoene desaturases, c0507 and d1086, were found from the Ha. japonica genome sequence by a homology search using the Basic Local Align Search Tool. Disruption mutants of c0507 and d1086 and their complemented strains transformed with expression plasmids for c0507 and d1086 were subsequently constructed. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ana-lyses of carotenoids produced by these strains revealed that C0507 and D1086 were both bifunctional enzymes with the same activities as both phytoene desaturase (CrtI) and 3,4-desaturase (CrtD). C0507 and D1086 complemented each other during BR biosynthesis in Ha. japonica. This is the first study to identify two distinct enzymes with both CrtI and CrtD activities in an extremely halophilic archaeon.","['D002338', 'D019613', 'D010088', 'D053898', 'D019843', 'D005816', 'D010802']"
38810854,A novel Mre11 protein from the hyperthermophilic euryarchaeon Thermococcus barophilus Ch5 possesses 5'-3' exonuclease and endonuclease activities.,"Mre11 is one of important proteins that are involved in DNA repair and recombination by processing DNA ends to produce 3'-single stranded DNA, thus providing a platform for other DNA repair and recombination proteins. In this work, we characterized the Mre11 protein from the hyperthermophilic euryarchaeon Thermococcus barophilus Ch5 (Tba-Mre11) biochemically and dissected the roles of its four conserved residues, which is the first report on Mre11 proteins from Thermococcus. Tba-Mre11 possesses exonuclease activity for degrading ssDNA and dsDNA in the 5'-3' direction, which contrasts with other reported Mre11 homologs. Maximum degradation efficiency was observed with Mn2+ at 80 °C and at pH 7.5-9.5. In addition to possessing 5'-3' exonuclease activity, Tba-Mre11 has endonuclease activity that nicks plasmid DNA and circular ssDNA. Mutational data show that residues D10, D51 and N86 in Tba-Mre11 are essential for DNA degradation since almost no activity was observed for the D10A, D51A and N86A mutants. By comparison, residue D44 in Tba-Mre11 is not responsible for DNA degradation since the D44A mutant possessed the similar WT protein activity. Notably, the D44A mutant almost completely abolished the ability to bind DNA, suggesting that residue D44 is essential for binding DNA.","['D019712', 'D019843', 'D004277', 'D005090', 'D000595', 'D004720', 'D009154', 'D004706']"
38809047,The novel regulator HdrR controls the transcription of the heterodisulfide reductase operon hdrBCA in Methanosarcina barkeri.,"Methanogenic archaea play a key role in the global carbon cycle because these microorganisms remineralize organic compounds in various anaerobic environments. The microorganism Methanosarcina barkeri is a metabolically versatile methanogen, which can utilize acetate, methanol, and H2/CO2 to synthesize methane. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying methanogenesis for different substrates remain unknown. In this study, RNA-seq analysis was used to investigate M. barkeri growth and gene transcription under different substrate regimes. According to the results, M. barkeri showed the best growth under methanol, followed by H2/CO2 and acetate, and these findings corresponded well with the observed variations in genes transcription abundance for different substrates. In addition, we identified a novel regulator, MSBRM_RS03855 (designated as HdrR), which specifically activates the transcription of the heterodisulfide reductase hdrBCA operon in M. barkeri. HdrR was able to bind to the hdrBCA operon promoter to regulate transcription. Furthermore, the structural model analyses revealed a helix-turn-helix domain, which is likely involved in DNA binding. Taken together, HdrR serves as a model to reveal how certain regulatory factors control the expression of key enzymes in the methanogenic pathway.IMPORTANCEThe microorganism Methanosarcina barkeri has a pivotal role in the global carbon cycle and contributes to global temperature homeostasis. The consequences of biological methanogenesis are far-reaching, including impacts on atmospheric methane and CO2 concentrations, agriculture, energy production, waste treatment, and human health. As such, reducing methane emissions is crucial to meeting set climate goals. The methanogenic activity of certain microorganisms can be drastically reduced by inhibiting the transcription of the hdrBCA operon, which encodes heterodisulfide reductases. Here, we provide novel insight into the mechanisms regulating hdrBCA operon transcription in the model methanogen M. barkeri. The results clarified that HdrR serves as a regulator of heterodisulfide reductase hdrBCA operon transcription during methanogenesis, which expands our understanding of the unique regulatory mechanisms that govern methanogenesis. The findings presented in this study can further our understanding of how genetic regulation can effectively reduce the methane emissions caused by methanogens.","['D017021', 'D009876', 'D010088', 'D019843', 'D019848', 'D014158', 'D008697', 'D000432', 'D002245', 'D000085', 'D006859']"
38806737,"Halomarina litorea sp. nov., Halomarina pelagica sp. nov., Halomarina halobia sp. nov., and Halomarina ordinaria sp. nov., Halophilic Archaea Isolated from Coastal and Inland Saline Soil.","Four halophilic archaeal strains, BCD28T, BND7T, PSR21T, and PSRA2T, were isolated from coastal and inland saline soil, respectively. The 16S rRNA and rpoB' gene sequence similarities among these four strains and current species of Halomarina were 95.9-96.6% and 86.9-90.3%, respectively. Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses revealed that these four strains tightly cluster with the current species of the genus Halomarina. The AAI, ANI, and dDDH values among these four strains and current species of Halomarina were 65.3-68.4%, 75.8-77.7%, and 20.3-22.0%, respectively, clearly below the threshold values for species demarcation. Strains BCD28T, BND7T, PSR21T, and PSRA2T could be differentiated from the current species of Halomarina based on the comparison of diverse phenotypic characteristics. The major polar lipids of these four strains were phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP-Me), and four to five glycolipids. Phosphatidylglycerol sulfate (PGS) was only detected in strain BND7T. The phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genome-based analyses suggested that strains BCD28T (= CGMCC 1.18776T = JCM 34908T), BND7T (= CGMCC 1.18778T = JCM 34910T), PSR21T (= CGMCC 1.17027T = JCM 34147T), and PSRA2T (= CGMCC 1.17214T = JCM 34148T) represent four novel species of the genus Halomarina, for which the names Halomarina litorea sp. nov., Halomarina pelagica sp. nov., Halomarina halobia sp. nov., and Halomarina ordinaria sp. nov. are proposed.","['D010802', 'D012988', 'D012336', 'D019641', 'D006216', 'D001482', 'D010743', 'D017422']"
38805033,Dissecting the role of soybean rhizosphere-enriched bacterial taxa in modulating nitrogen-cycling functions.,"Crop roots selectively recruit certain microbial taxa that are essential for supporting their growth. Within the recruited microbes, some taxa are consistently enriched in the rhizosphere across various locations and crop genotypes, while others are unique to specific planting sites or genotypes. Whether these differentially enriched taxa are different in community composition and how they interact with nutrient cycling need further investigation. Here, we sampled bulk soil and the rhizosphere soil of five soybean varieties grown in Shijiazhuang and Xuzhou, categorized the rhizosphere-enriched microbes into shared, site-specific, and variety-specific taxa, and analyzed their correlation with the diazotrophic communities and microbial genes involved in nitrogen (N) cycling. The shared taxa were dominated by Actinobacteria and Thaumarchaeota, the site-specific taxa were dominated by Actinobacteria in Shijiazhuang and by Nitrospirae in Xuzhou, while the variety-specific taxa were more evenly distributed in several phyla and contained many rare operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The rhizosphere-enriched taxa correlated with most diazotroph orders negatively but with eight orders including Rhizobiales positively. Each group within the shared, site-specific, and variety-specific taxa negatively correlated with bacterial amoA and narG in Shijiazhuang and positively correlated with archaeal amoA in Xuzhou. These results revealed that the shared, site-specific, and variety-specific taxa are distinct in community compositions but similar in associations with rhizosphere N-cycling functions. They exhibited potential in regulating the soybean roots' selection for high-efficiency diazotrophs and the ammonia-oxidizing and denitrification processes. This study provides new insights into soybean rhizosphere-enriched microbes and their association with N cycling. KEY POINTS: • Soybean rhizosphere affected diazotroph community and enriched nifH, amoA, and nosZ. • Shared and site- and variety-specific taxa were dominated by different phyla. • Rhizosphere-enriched taxa were similarly associated with N-cycle functions.","['D058441', 'D013025', 'D012988', 'D001419', 'D018517', 'D058458', 'D009584', 'D001105', 'D010802', 'D012336', 'D009586', 'D010088', 'D064307']"
38802241,Insight into the microbial community of denitrification process using different solid carbon sources: Not only bacteria.,"There is a lack of understanding about the bacterial, fungal and archaeal communities' composition of solid-phase denitrification (SPD) systems. We investigated four SPD systems with different carbon sources by analyzing microbial gene sequences based on operational taxonomic unit (OTU) and amplicon sequence variant (ASV). The results showed that the corncob-polyvinyl alcohol sodium alginate-polycaprolactone (CPSP, 0.86±0.04 mg NO3--N/(g·day)) and corncob (0.85±0.06 mg NO3--N/(g·day)) had better denitrification efficiency than polycaprolactone (PCL, 0.29±0.11 mg NO3--N/(g·day)) and polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate (PVA-SA, 0.24±0.07 mg NO3--N/(g·day)). The bacterial, fungal and archaeal microbial composition was significantly different among carbon source types such as Proteobacteria in PCL (OTU: 83.72%, ASV: 82.49%) and Rozellomycota in PVA-SA (OTU: 71.99%, ASV: 81.30%). ASV methods can read more microbial units than that of OTU and exhibit higher alpha diversity and classify some species that had not been identified by OTU such as Nanoarchaeota phylum, unclassified_ f_ Xanthobacteraceae genus, etc., indicating ASV may be more conducive to understand SPD microbial communities. The co-occurring network showed some correlation between the bacteria fungi and archaea species, indicating different species may collaborate in SPD systems. Similar KEGG function prediction results were obtained in two bioinformatic methods generally and some fungi and archaea functions should not be ignored in SPD systems. These results may be beneficial for understanding microbial communities in SPD systems.","['D058440', 'D001419', 'D002244', 'D064307', 'D001105', 'D005658']"
38796914,Active anaerobic methane oxidation in the groundwater table fluctuation zone of rice paddies.,"Rice paddies are globally important sources of methane emissions and also active regions for methane consumption. However, the impact of fluctuating groundwater levels on methane cycling has received limited attention. In this study, we delved into the activity and microbial mechanisms underlying anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in paddy fields. A comprehensive approach was employed, including 13C stable isotope assays, inhibition experiments, real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR, metagenomic sequencing, and binning technology. Geochemical profiles revealed the abundant coexistence of both methane and electron acceptors in the groundwater table fluctuation (GTF) zone, at a depth of 40-60 cm. Notably, the GTF zone exhibited the highest rate of AOM, potentially linked to the reduction of iron oxides and nitrate. Within this zone, Candidatus Methanoperedens (belonging to the ANME-2d group) dominated the Archaea population, accounting for a remarkable 85.4 %. Furthermore, our results from inhibition experiments, RT-qPCR, and metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) analysis highlighted the active role of Ca. Methanoperedens GTF50 in the GTF zone. This microorganism could independently mediate AOM process through the intriguing ""reverse methanogenesis"" pathway. Considering the similarity in geochemical conditions across different paddy fields, it is likely that Ca. Methanoperedens-mediated AOM is prevalent in the GTF zones.","['D008697', 'D060587', 'D010084', 'D000693', 'D012275', 'D001105']"
38790063,Exploring the landscape of symbiotic diversity and distribution in unicellular ciliated protists.,"The eukaryotic-bacterial symbiotic system plays an important role in various physiological, developmental, and evolutionary processes. However, our current understanding is largely limited to multicellular eukaryotes without adequate consideration of diverse unicellular protists, including ciliates.","['D013559', 'D016798', 'D001419', 'D001105', 'D010802', 'D054892', 'D044822']"
38789552,15N-DNA stable isotope probing reveals niche differentiation of ammonia oxidizers in paddy soils.,"Chemoautotrophic canonical ammonia oxidizers (ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB)) and complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox Nitrospira) are accountable for ammonia oxidation, which is a fundamental process of nitrification in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the relationship between autotrophic nitrification and the active nitrifying populations during 15N-urea incubation has not been totally clarified. The 15N-labeled DNA stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) technique was utilized in order to study the response from the soil nitrification process and the active nitrifying populations, in both acidic and neutral paddy soils, to the application of urea. The presence of C2H2 almost completely inhibited NO3--N production, indicating that autotrophic ammonia oxidation was dominant in both paddy soils. 15N-DNA-SIP technology could effectively distinguish active nitrifying populations in both soils. The active ammonia oxidation groups in both soils were significantly different, AOA (NS (Nitrososphaerales)-Alpha, NS-Gamma, NS-Beta, NS-Delta, NS-Zeta and NT (Ca. Nitrosotaleales)-Alpha), and AOB (Nitrosospira) were functionally active in the acidic paddy soil, whereas comammox Nitrospira clade A and Nitrosospira AOB were functionally active in the neutral paddy soil. This study highlights the effective discriminative effect of 15N-DNA-SIP and niche differentiation of nitrifying populations in these paddy soils. KEY POINTS: • 15N-DNA-SIP technology could effectively distinguish active ammonia oxidizers. • Comammox Nitrospira clade A plays a lesser role than canonical ammonia oxidizers. • The active groups in the acidic and neutral paddy soils were significantly different.","['D012988', 'D000641', 'D010084', 'D001105', 'D009587', 'D001419', 'D058465', 'D012987', 'D014508', 'D010802']"
38787390,A vector system for single and tandem expression of cloned genes and multi-colour fluorescent tagging in Haloferax volcanii.,"Archaeal cell biology is an emerging field expected to identify fundamental cellular processes, help resolve the deep evolutionary history of cellular life, and contribute new components and functions in biotechnology and synthetic biology. To facilitate these, we have developed plasmid vectors that allow convenient cloning and production of proteins and fusion proteins with flexible, rigid, or semi-rigid linkers in the model archaeon Haloferax volcanii. For protein subcellular localization studies using fluorescent protein (FP) tags, we created vectors incorporating a range of codon-optimized fluorescent proteins for N- or C-terminal tagging, including GFP, mNeonGreen, mCherry, YPet, mTurquoise2 and mScarlet-I. Obtaining functional fusion proteins can be challenging with proteins involved in multiple interactions, mainly due to steric interference. We demonstrated the use of the new vector system to screen for improved function in cytoskeletal protein FP fusions, and identified FtsZ1-FPs that are functional in cell division and CetZ1-FPs that are functional in motility and rod cell development. Both the type of linker and the type of FP influenced the functionality of the resulting fusions. The vector design also facilitates convenient cloning and tandem expression of two genes or fusion genes, controlled by a modified tryptophan-inducible promoter, and we demonstrated its use for dual-colour imaging of tagged proteins in H. volcanii cells. These tools should promote further development and applications of archaeal molecular and cellular biology and biotechnology.","['D019622', 'D005822', 'D003001', 'D008164', 'D019843', 'D010957', 'D011993', 'D015870', 'D049452']"
38785941,"Cloning, Expression, Characterization and Immobilization of a Recombinant Carboxylesterase from the Halophilic Archaeon, Halobacterium salinarum NCR-1.","Only a few halophilic archaea producing carboxylesterases have been reported. The limited research on biocatalytic characteristics of archaeal esterases is primarily due to their very low production in native organisms. A gene encoding carboxylesterase from Halobacterium salinarum NRC-1 was cloned and successfully expressed in Haloferax volcanii. The recombinant carboxylesterase (rHsEst) was purified by affinity chromatography with a yield of 81%, and its molecular weight was estimated by SDS-PAGE (33 kDa). The best kinetic parameters of rHsEst were achieved using p-nitrophenyl valerate as substrate (KM = 78 µM, kcat = 0.67 s-1). rHsEst exhibited great stability to most metal ions tested and some solvents (diethyl ether, n-hexane, n-heptane). Purified rHsEst was effectively immobilized using Celite 545. Esterase activities of rHsEst were confirmed by substrate specificity studies. The presence of a serine residue in rHsEst active site was revealed through inhibition with PMSF. The pH for optimal activity of free rHsEst was 8, while for immobilized rHsEst, maximal activity was at a pH range between 8 to 10. Immobilization of rHsEst increased its thermostability, halophilicity and protection against inhibitors such as EDTA, BME and PMSF. Remarkably, immobilized rHsEst was stable and active in NaCl concentrations as high as 5M. These biochemical characteristics of immobilized rHsEst reveal its potential as a biocatalyst for industrial applications.","['D003001', 'D043182', 'D011994', 'D013379', 'D019617', 'D004800', 'D006863', 'D007700', 'D004795', 'D019843', 'D013696']"
38785719,A Fast and Sensitive One-Tube SARS-CoV-2 Detection Platform Based on RTX-PCR and Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute.,"Since SARS-CoV-2 is a highly transmissible virus, alternative reliable, fast, and cost-effective methods are still needed to prevent virus spread that can be applied in the laboratory and for point-of-care testing. Reverse transcription real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is currently the gold criteria for detecting RNA viruses, which requires reverse transcriptase to reverse transcribe viral RNA into cDNA, and fluorescence quantitative PCR detection was subsequently performed. The frequently used reverse transcriptase is thermolabile; the detection process is composed of two steps: the reverse transcription reaction at a relatively low temperature, and the qPCR performed at a relatively high temperature, moreover, the RNA to be detected needs to pretreated if they had advanced structure. Here, we develop a fast and sensitive one-tube SARS-CoV-2 detection platform based on Ultra-fast RTX-PCR and Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute-mediated Nucleic acid Detection (PAND) technology (URPAND). URPAND was achieved ultra-fast RTX-PCR process based on a thermostable RTX (exo-) with both reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase activity. The URPAND can be completed RT-PCR and PAND to detect nucleic acid in one tube within 30 min. This method can specifically detect SARS-CoV-2 with a low detection limit of 100 copies/mL. The diagnostic results of clinical samples with one-tube URPAND displayed 100% consistence with RT-qPCR test. Moreover, URPAND was also applied to identify SARS-CoV-2 D614G mutant due to its single-nucleotide specificity. The URPAND platform is rapid, accurate, tube closed, one-tube, easy-to-operate and free of large instruments, which provides a new strategy to the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and other RNA viruses.","['D000086402', 'D020027', 'D012367', 'D000086382', 'D006801', 'D060565', 'D060888', 'D015374', 'D000087123']"
38782336,Deciphering the formation of granules by n-DAMO and Anammox microorganisms.,"Nitrate/nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-DAMO) process is a promising wastewater treatment technology, but the slow microbial growth rate greatly hinders its practical application. Although high-level nitrogen removal and excellent biomass accumulation have been achieved in n-DAMO granule process, the formation mechanism of n-DAMO granules remains unresolved. To elucidate the role of functional microbes in granulation, this study attempted to cultivate granules dominated by n-DAMO microorganisms and granules coupling n-DAMO with anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox). After long-term operation, dense granules were developed in the two systems where both n-DAMO archaea and n-DAMO bacteria were enriched, whereas granulation did not occur in the other system dominated by n-DAMO bacteria. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) measurement indicated the critical role of EPS production in the granulation of n-DAMO process. Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses revealed that n-DAMO archaea and Anammox bacteria were active in EPS biosynthesis, while n-DAMO bacteria were inactive. Consequently, more EPS were produced in the systems containing n-DAMO archaea and Anammox bacteria, leading to the successful development of n-DAMO granules. Furthermore, EPS biosynthesis in n-DAMO systems is potentially regulated by acyl-homoserine lactones and c-di-GMP. These findings not only provide new insights into the mechanism of granule formation in n-DAMO systems, but also hint at potential strategies for management of the granule-based n-DAMO process.","['D010084', 'D001105', 'D000693', 'D001419', 'D008697', 'D014865', 'D009566', 'D064751', 'D009573', 'D000077317', 'D019149', 'D062065']"
38780093,Microbial ecology of the deep terrestrial subsurface.,"The terrestrial subsurface hosts microbial communities that, collectively, are predicted to comprise as many microbial cells as global surface soils. Although initially thought to be associated with deposited organic matter, deep subsurface microbial communities are supported by chemolithoautotrophic primary production, with hydrogen serving as an important source of electrons. Despite recent progress, relatively little is known about the deep terrestrial subsurface compared to more commonly studied environments. Understanding the composition of deep terrestrial subsurface microbial communities and the factors that influence them is of importance because of human-associated activities including long-term storage of used nuclear fuel, carbon capture, and storage of hydrogen for use as an energy vector. In addition to identifying deep subsurface microorganisms, recent research focuses on identifying the roles of microorganisms in subsurface communities, as well as elucidating myriad interactions-syntrophic, episymbiotic, and viral-that occur among community members. In recent years, entirely new groups of microorganisms (i.e. candidate phyla radiation bacteria and Diapherotrites, Parvarchaeota, Aenigmarchaeota, Nanoloarchaeota, Nanoarchaeota archaea) have been discovered in deep terrestrial subsurface environments, suggesting that much remains unknown about this biosphere. This review explores the historical context for deep terrestrial subsurface microbial ecology and highlights recent discoveries that shape current ecological understanding of this poorly explored microbial habitat. Additionally, we highlight the need for multifaceted experimental approaches to observe phenomena such as cryptic cycles, complex interactions, and episymbiosis, which may not be apparent when using single approaches in isolation, but are nonetheless critical to advancing our understanding of this deep biosphere.","['D001105', 'D001419', 'D012988', 'D064307', 'D017753']"
38776765,F420-dependent transformations in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.,"Cofactor F420 has been historically known as the ""methanogenic redox cofactor"". It is now recognised that F420 has essential roles in the primary and secondary metabolism of archaea and bacteria. Recent discoveries highlight the role of F420 as a redox cofactor in the biosynthesis of various natural products, including ribosomally synthesised and post-translationally modified peptides, and a new class of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-based secondary metabolites. With the vast availability of (meta)genomic data, the identification of uncharacterised F420-dependent enzymes offers the potential for discovering novel secondary metabolites, presenting valuable prospects for clinical and biotechnological applications.","['D064210', 'D001419', 'D010084', 'D001688', 'D001105', 'D011499']"
38776161,Uniaxial Symmetry Breaking in Bacteriorhodopsin at the Thermal Phase Transition of Lipids of Purple Membranes.,"The article correlates between symmetry breaking and phase transition. An analogy, extending from physics to biology, is known to exist between these two topics. Bacteriorhodopsin (bR) as a paradigm of membrane proteins has been used as a case study in the present work. The bR, as the sole protein embedded in what is called a purple membrane (PM), has attracted widespread interest in bionanotechnological applications. The lipids of PM have a crucial role in maintaining the crystal lattice of bR inside PM. For this reason, the present work has been concerned with elucidating the thermal phase transition properties of the PM lipids in orthogonal directions. The results indicated that the axial symmetry of bR exhibits considerable changes occurring at the thermal phase transition of lipids. These changes are brought by an anomaly observed in the time course of orthogonal electric responses during the application of thermal fields on PM. The observed anomaly may bear on symmetry breaking in bR occurring at the phase transition of lipids based on such analogy found between symmetry breaking and phase transition. Lipid-protein interactions may underlie the broken axial symmetry of bR at such lipid thermal transition of PM. Accordingly, thermally perturbed axial symmetry of bR may be of biological relevance relying on the essence of the crystal lattice of bR. Most importantly, a question has to be raised in the present study: Can bR, as a helical protein with broken axial symmetry, affect the symmetry breaking of helical light? This may be of potential technical applications based on a recent discovery that bR breaks the symmetry of helical light.","['D001436', 'D044367', 'D018717', 'D013696', 'D019617', 'D008055']"
38763282,Archaeal communities change responding to anthropogenic and natural treatments of freeze-thawed soils.,"The coverage of accumulated snow plays a significant role in inducing changes in both microbial activity and environmental factors within freeze-thaw soil systems. This study aimed to analyze the impact of snow cover on the dynamics of archeal communities in freeze-thaw soil. Furthermore, it seeks to investigate the role of fertilization in freeze-thaw soil. Four treatments were established based on snow cover and fertilization:No snow and no fertilizer (CK-N), snow cover without fertilizer (X-N), fertilizer without snow cover (T-N), and both fertilizer and snow cover (T-X). The research findings indicated that after snow cover treatment, the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content in freeze-thaw soil exhibit periodic fluctuations. Snow covered effectively altered the community composition of bacteria and archaea in the soil, with a greater impact on archaeal communities than on bacterial communities. Snow covered improves the stability of archaeal communities in freeze-thaw soil. Additionally, the arrival of snow also enhanced the correlation between archaea and environmental factors, with the key archaeal phyla involved being Nanoarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. Further research showed that the application of organic fertilizers also had some impact on freeze-thaw soil, but this impact was smaller compared to snow cover. In summary, the arrival of snow could alter the archaeal community and protect nutrient elements in freeze-thaw soil, reducing their loss, and its effect is more pronounced compared to the application of organic fertilizers.","['D012988', 'D001105', 'D005308', 'D012987', 'D005615', 'D012914', 'D009584']"
38762184,The structure of the archaeal nuclease RecJ2 implicates its catalytic mechanism and inability to interact with GINS.,"Bacterial RecJ exhibits 5'→3' exonuclease activity that is specific to ssDNA; however, archaeal RecJs show 5' or 3' exonuclease activity. The hyperthermophilic archaea Methanocaldococcus jannaschii encodes the 5'-exonuclease MjRecJ1 and the 3'-exonuclease MjRecJ2. In addition to nuclease activity, archaeal RecJ interacts with GINS, a structural subcomplex of the replicative DNA helicase complex. However, MjRecJ1 and MjRecJ2 do not interact with MjGINS. Here, we report the structural basis for the inability of the MjRecJ2 homologous dimer to interact with MjGINS and its efficient 3' hydrolysis polarity for short dinucleotides. Based on the crystal structure of MjRecJ2, we propose that the interaction surface of the MjRecJ2 dimer overlaps the potential interaction surface for MjGINS and blocks the formation of the MjRecJ2-GINS complex. Exposing the interaction surface of the MjRecJ2 dimer restores its interaction with MjGINS. The cocrystal structures of MjRecJ2 with substrate dideoxynucleotides or product dCMP/CMP show that MjRecJ2 has a short substrate binding patch, which is perpendicular to the longer patch of bacterial RecJ. Our results provide new insights into the function and diversification of archaeal RecJ/Cdc45 proteins.","['D019843', 'D018360', 'D063747', 'D011485', 'D055503', 'D004265', 'D008958', 'D005090']"
38758609,Probing the Surface Layer Modulation on Archaeal Mechanics and Adhesion at the Single-Cell Level.,"Addressing the challenge of understanding how cellular interfaces dictate the mechanical resilience and adhesion of archaeal cells, this study demonstrates the role of the surface layer (S-layer) in methanogenic archaea. Using a combination of atomic force microscopy and single-cell force spectroscopy, we quantified the impact of S-layer disruption on cell morphology, mechanical properties, and adhesion capabilities. We demonstrate that the S-layer is crucial for maintaining cell morphology, where its removal induces significant cellular enlargement and deformation. Mechanical stability of the cell surface is substantially compromised upon S-layer disruption, as evidenced by decreased Young's modulus values. Adhesion experiments revealed that the S-layer primarily facilitates hydrophobic interactions, which are significantly reduced after its removal, affecting both cell-cell and cell-bubble interactions. Our findings illuminate the S-layer's fundamental role in methanogen architecture and provide a chemical understanding of archaeal cell surfaces, with implications for enhancing methane production in biotechnological applications.","['D018625', 'D013499', 'D059010', 'D001105', 'D002448', 'D057927']"
38753237,Co-occurrence of dominant bacteria and methanogenic archaea and their metabolic traits in a thermophilic anaerobic digester.,"Thermophilic anaerobic digestion (TAD) represents a promising biotechnology for both methane energy production and waste stream treatment. However, numerous critical microorganisms and their metabolic characteristics involved in this process remain unidentified due to the limitations of culturable isolates. This study investigated the phylogenetic composition and potential metabolic traits of bacteria and methanogenic archaea in a TAD system using culture-independent metagenomics. Predominant microorganisms identified in the stable phase of TAD included hydrogenotrophic methanogens (Methanothermobacter and Methanosarcina) and hydrogen-producing bacteria (Coprothermobacter, Acetomicrobium, and Defluviitoga). Nine major metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) associated with the dominant genera were selected to infer their metabolic potentials. Genes related to thermal resistance were widely found in all nine major MAGs, such as the molecular chaperone genes, Clp protease gene, and RNA polymerase genes, which may contribute to their predominance under thermophilic condition. Thermophilic temperatures may increase the hydrogen partial pressure of Coprothermobacter, Acetomicrobium, and Defluviitoga, subsequently altering the primary methanogenesis pathway from acetoclastic pathway to hydrogenotrophic pathway in the TAD. Consequently, genes encoding the hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis pathway were the most abundant in the recovered archaeal MAGs. The potential interaction between hydrogen-producing bacteria and hydrogenotrophic methanogens may play critical roles in TAD processes.","['D001105', 'D001419', 'D000693', 'D008697', 'D010802', 'D019149']"
38753104,Mechanisms of secondary biogenic coalbed methane formation in bituminous coal seams: a joint experimental and multi-omics study.,"Coal seam microbes, as endogenous drivers of secondary biogenic gas production in coal seams, might be related to methane production in coal seams. In this study, we carried out anaerobic indoor culture experiments of microorganisms from three different depths of bituminous coal seams in Huainan mining area, and revealed the secondary biogas generation mechanism of bituminous coal seams by using the combined analysis of macro-genome and metabolism multi-omics. The results showed that the cumulative mass molar concentrations (Molality) of biomethane production increased with the increase of the coal seam depth in two consecutive cycles. At the genus level, there were significant differences in the bacterial and archaeal community structures corresponding to the three coal seams 1#, 6#, and 9#(p < 0.05). The volatile matter of air-dry basis (Vad) of coal was significantly correlated with differences in genus-level composition of bacteria and archaea, with correlations of R bacterial = 0.368 and R archaeal = 0.463, respectively. Functional gene analysis showed that the relative abundance of methanogenesis increased by 42% before and after anaerobic fermentation cultivation. Meanwhile, a total of 11 classes of carbon metabolism homologues closely related to methanogenesis were detected in the liquid metabolites of coal bed microbes after 60 days of incubation. Finally, the fatty acid, amino acid and carbohydrate synergistic methanogenic metabolic pathway was reconstructed based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. The expression level of mcrA gene within the metabolic pathway of the 1# deep coal sample was significantly higher than that of the other two groups (p < 0.05 for significance), and the efficient expression of mcrA gene at the end of the methanogenic pathway promoted the conversion of bituminous coal organic matter to methane. Therefore, coal matrix compositions may be the key factors causing diversity in microbial community and metabolic function, which might be related to the different methane content in different coal seams.","['D008697', 'D003031', 'D001105', 'D001419', 'D000693', 'D056804', 'D005285', 'D003032', 'D000095028']"
38749130,Micro-positive pressure significantly decreases greenhouse gas emissions by regulating archaeal community during industrial-scale dairy manure composting.,"In this study, the effects of micro-positive pressure formed by covering with a semipermeable membrane in the heating phase of dairy manure composting on greenhouse gas emissions and the mechanism of reducing methane emissions by the archaeal community were investigated. A large-scale experiment was conducted with semipermeable membrane-covered composting (SMC), forced aeration composting (FAC), and traditional static composting (TSC) groups. The results showed that the oxygen concentration and methanogen abundance were key factors in regulating methane emissions. In the heating phase of SMC, the micro-positive pressure could enhance the O2 utilization rate and heating rate, resulting in Methanobrevibacter and Methanobacterium greatly decreasing, and the abundance of mcrA decreased by 90.03%, while that of pmoA did not increase. Compared with FAC and TSC, the cumulative methane emissions in SMC decreased by 51.75% and 96.04%, respectively. Therefore, the micro-positive pressure could effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions by inhibiting the growth of methanogens.","['D000076282', 'D000074382', 'D008372', 'D008697', 'D001105', 'D000818', 'D003612']"
38747283,"AnnoView enables large-scale analysis, comparison, and visualization of microbial gene neighborhoods.","The analysis and comparison of gene neighborhoods is a powerful approach for exploring microbial genome structure, function, and evolution. Although numerous tools exist for genome visualization and comparison, genome exploration across large genomic databases or user-generated datasets remains a challenge. Here, we introduce AnnoView, a web server designed for interactive exploration of gene neighborhoods across the bacterial and archaeal tree of life. Our server offers users the ability to identify, compare, and visualize gene neighborhoods of interest from 30 238 bacterial genomes and 1672 archaeal genomes, through integration with the comprehensive Genome Taxonomy Database and AnnoTree databases. Identified gene neighborhoods can be visualized using pre-computed functional annotations from different sources such as KEGG, Pfam and TIGRFAM, or clustered based on similarity. Alternatively, users can upload and explore their own custom genomic datasets in GBK, GFF or CSV format, or use AnnoView as a genome browser for relatively small genomes (e.g. viruses and plasmids). Ultimately, we anticipate that AnnoView will catalyze biological discovery by enabling user-friendly search, comparison, and visualization of genomic data. AnnoView is available at http://annoview.uwaterloo.ca.","['D012984', 'D030541', 'D016680', 'D020745', 'D023281', 'D001105', 'D064351', 'D019295', 'D001419']"
38745271,PrimerEvalPy: a tool for in-silico evaluation of primers for targeting the microbiome.,"The selection of primer pairs in sequencing-based research can greatly influence the results, highlighting the need for a tool capable of analysing their performance in-silico prior to the sequencing process. We therefore propose PrimerEvalPy, a Python-based package designed to test the performance of any primer or primer pair against any sequencing database. The package calculates a coverage metric and returns the amplicon sequences found, along with information such as their average start and end positions. It also allows the analysis of coverage for different taxonomic levels.","['D064307', 'D012984', 'D012336', 'D001419', 'D001105', 'D017931', 'D006801', 'D009055', 'D003198']"
38744885,Analysis of nearly 3000 archaeal genomes from terrestrial geothermal springs sheds light on interconnected biogeochemical processes.,"Terrestrial geothermal springs are physicochemically diverse and host abundant populations of Archaea. However, the diversity, functionality, and geological influences of these Archaea are not well understood. Here we explore the genomic diversity of Archaea in 152 metagenomes from 48 geothermal springs in Tengchong, China, collected from 2016 to 2021. Our dataset is comprised of 2949 archaeal metagenome-assembled genomes spanning 12 phyla and 392 newly identified species, which increases the known species diversity of Archaea by ~48.6%. The structures and potential functions of the archaeal communities are strongly influenced by temperature and pH, with high-temperature acidic and alkaline springs favoring archaeal abundance over Bacteria. Genome-resolved metagenomics and metatranscriptomics provide insights into the potential ecological niches of these Archaea and their potential roles in carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, and hydrogen metabolism. Furthermore, our findings illustrate the interplay of competition and cooperation among Archaea in biogeochemical cycles, possibly arising from overlapping functional niches and metabolic handoffs. Taken together, our study expands the genomic diversity of Archaea inhabiting geothermal springs and provides a foundation for more incisive study of biogeochemical processes mediated by Archaea in geothermal ecosystems.","['D045482', 'D001105', 'D020745', 'D002681', 'D054892', 'D010802', 'D056186', 'D044822', 'D006863', 'D013455', 'D013696', 'D017753']"
38742714,Metabolic potential of Nitrososphaera-associated clades.,"Soil ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) play a crucial role in converting ammonia to nitrite, thereby mobilizing reactive nitrogen species into their soluble form, with a significant impact on nitrogen losses from terrestrial soils. Yet, our knowledge regarding their diversity and functions remains limited. In this study, we reconstructed 97 high-quality AOA metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from 180 soil samples collected in Central Germany during 2014-2019 summers. These MAGs were affiliated with the order Nitrososphaerales and clustered into four family-level clades (NS-α/γ/δ/ε). Among these MAGs, 75 belonged to the most abundant but least understood δ-clade. Within the δ-clade, the amoA genes in three MAGs from neutral soils showed a 99.5% similarity to the fosmid clone 54d9, which has served as representative of the δ-clade for the past two decades since even today no cultivated representatives are available. Seventy-two MAGs constituted a distinct δ sub-clade, and their abundance and expression activity were more than twice that of other MAGs in slightly acidic soils. Unlike the less abundant clades (α, γ, and ε), the δ-MAGs possessed multiple highly expressed intracellular and extracellular carbohydrate-active enzymes responsible for carbohydrate binding (CBM32) and degradation (GH5), along with highly expressed genes involved in ammonia oxidation. Together, these results suggest metabolic versatility of uncultured soil AOA and a potential mixotrophic or chemolithoheterotrophic lifestyle among 54d9-like AOA.","['D012988', 'D001105', 'D000641', 'D010084', 'D005858', 'D054892', 'D010802', 'D020745', 'D012987']"
38739716,Global Atlas of Methane Metabolism Marker Genes in Soil.,"Methane, a greenhouse gas, plays a pivotal role in the global carbon cycle, influencing the Earth's climate. Only a limited number of microorganisms control the flux of biologically produced methane in nature, including methane-oxidizing bacteria, anaerobic methanotrophic archaea, and methanogenic archaea. Although previous studies have revealed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of methane-metabolizing microorganisms in local regions by using the marker genes pmoA or mcrA, their biogeographical patterns and environmental drivers remain largely unknown at a global scale. Here, we used 3419 metagenomes generated from georeferenced soil samples to examine the global patterns of methane metabolism marker gene abundances in soil, which generally represent the global distribution of methane-metabolizing microorganisms. The resulting maps revealed notable latitudinal trends in the abundances of methane-metabolizing microorganisms across global soils, with higher abundances in the sub-Arctic, sub-Antarctic, and tropical rainforest regions than in temperate regions. The variations in global abundances of methane-metabolizing microorganisms were primarily governed by vegetation cover. Our high-resolution global maps of methane-metabolizing microorganisms will provide valuable information for the prediction of biogenic methane emissions under current and future climate scenarios.","['D008697', 'D012987', 'D012988', 'D001105', 'D001419', 'D054892']"
38734187,Development of an optimized RPA-PfAgo detection system for MTHFR C677T polymorphism genotyping.,"This study introduces an efficient RPA-PfAgo detection system for the MTHFR C677T polymorphism, proposing a potential strategy to simplify the genotyping process. By optimizing recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute (PfAgo) nucleases, we achieved DNA amplification at a constant temperature. The assay was fine-tuned through meticulous primer and guide DNA selection, with optimal conditions established at 2.0 µL of MgAc, a reaction temperature of 42 °C, and a 10-minute reaction time for RPA. Further optimization of the PfAgo cleavage assay revealed the ideal concentrations of MnCl2, guide DNA, molecular beacon probes, the PfAgo enzyme, and the RPA product to maximize sensitivity and specificity. Clinical validation of 20 samples showed 100% concordance with Sanger sequencing, confirming the method's precision. The RPA-PfAgo system is a promising tool for on-site genotyping, with broad applications in personalized medicine and disease prevention.","['D006801', 'D042965', 'D060005', 'D020641', 'D020027', 'D005838', 'D021141', 'D060565', 'D045522']"
38734096,Simultaneous methane mitigation and nitrogen removal by denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation in lake sediments.,"Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas, with lake ecosystems significantly contributing to its global emissions. Denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation (DAMO) process, mediated by NC10 bacteria and ANME-2d archaea, links global carbon and nitrogen cycles. However, their potential roles in mitigating methane emissions and removing nitrogen from lake ecosystems remain unclear. This study explored the spatial variations in activities of nitrite- and nitrate-DAMO and their functional microbes in Changdanghu Lake sediments (Jiangsu Province, China). The results showed that although the average abundance of ANME-2d archaea (5.0 × 106 copies g-1) was significantly higher than that of NC10 bacteria (2.1 × 106 copies g-1), the average potential rates of nitrite-DAMO (4.59 nmol 13CO2 g-1 d-1) and nitrate-DAMO (5.01 nmol 13CO2 g-1 d-1) showed no significant difference across all sampling sites. It is estimated that nitrite- and nitrate-DAMO consumed approximately 6.46 and 7.05 mg CH4 m-2 d-1, respectively, which accordingly achieved 15.07-24.95 mg m-2 d-1 nitrogen removal from the studied lake sediments. Statistical analyses found that nitrite- and nitrate-DAMO activities were both significantly related to sediment nitrate contents and ANME-2d archaeal abundance. In addition, NC10 bacterial and ANME-2d archaeal community compositions showed significant correlations with sediment organic carbon content and water depth. Overall, this study underscores the dual roles of nitrite- and nitrate-DAMO processes in CH4 mitigation and nitrogen elimination and their key environmental impact factors (sediment organic carbon and inorganic nitrogen contents, and water depth) in shallow lake, enhancing the understanding of carbon and nitrogen cycles in freshwater aquatic ecosystems.","['D008697', 'D060106', 'D058440', 'D019015', 'D002681', 'D009584', 'D010084', 'D000693', 'D001105', 'D001419', 'D014874']"
38733792,Archaea oxidizing alkanes through alkyl-coenzyme M reductases.,"This review synthesizes recent discoveries of novel archaea clades capable of oxidizing higher alkanes, from volatile ones like ethane to longer-chain alkanes like hexadecane. These archaea, termed anaerobic multicarbon alkane-oxidizing archaea (ANKA), initiate alkane oxidation using alkyl-coenzyme M reductases, enzymes similar to the methyl-coenzyme M reductases of methanogenic and anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME). The polyphyletic alkane-oxidizing archaea group (ALOX), encompassing ANME and ANKA, harbors increasingly complex alkane degradation pathways, correlated with the alkane chain length. We discuss the evolutionary trajectory of these pathways emphasizing metabolic innovations and the acquisition of metabolic modules via lateral gene transfer. Additionally, we explore the mechanisms by which archaea couple alkane oxidation with the reduction of electron acceptors, including electron transfer to partner sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). The phylogenetic and functional constraints that shape ALOX-SRB associations are also discussed. We conclude by highlighting the research needs in this emerging research field and its potential applications in biotechnology.","['D000473', 'D001105', 'D010084', 'D010088', 'D010802', 'D004579', 'D019843', 'D022761', 'D001419']"
38733087,Transcriptomic evidence for an energetically advantageous relationship between Syntrophomonas wolfei and Methanothrix soehngenii.,"Syntrophic interactions are key in anaerobic food chains, facilitating the conversion of complex organic matter into methane. A typical example involves acetogenic bacteria converting fatty acids (e.g., butyrate and propionate), a process thermodynamically reliant on H2 consumption by microorganisms such as methanogens. While most studies focus on H2-interspecies transfer between these groups, knowledge on acetate cross-feeding in anaerobic systems is lacking. This study investigated butyrate oxidation by co-cultures of Syntrophomonas wolfei and Methanospirillum hungatei, both with and without the addition of the acetate scavenger Methanothrix soehngenii. Growth and gene expression patterns of S. wolfei and M. hungatei were followed in the two conditions. Although butyrate consumption rates remained constant, genes in the butyrate degradation pathway of S. wolfei were less expressed in the presence of M. soehngenii, including genes involved in reverse electron transport. Higher expression of a type IV-pili operon in S. wolfei hints to the potential for direct interspecies electron transfer between S. wolfei and M. soehngenii and an energetically advantageous relationship between the two microorganisms. Overall, the presence of the acetate scavenger M. soehngenii positively influenced the energy metabolism of S. wolfei and highlighted the relevance of including acetate scavengers when investigating syntrophic fatty acid degradation.","['D019639', 'D002087', 'D059467', 'D000693', 'D010084', 'D000085', 'D056265', 'D008697', 'D018920', 'D004579']"
38727215,Deciphering the functional and structural complexity of the Solar Lake flat mat microbial benthic communities.,"The Solar Lake in Taba, Egypt, encompasses one of the few modern-day microbial mats' systems metabolically analogous to Precambrian stromatolites. Solar Lake benthic communities and their adaptation to the Lake's unique limnological cycle have not been described for over two decades. In this study, we revisit the flat mat and describe the summer's shallow water versus exposed microbial community; the latter occurs in response to the seasonal partial receding of water. We employed metagenomic NovaSeq-6000 shotgun sequencing and 16S rRNA, mcrA, and dsrB quantitative PCR. A total of 292 medium-to-high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were reconstructed. At the structural level, Candidatus Aenigmatarchaeota, Micrarchaeota, and Omnitrophota MAGs were exclusively detected in the shallow-water mats, whereas Halobacteria and Myxococcota MAGs were specific to the exposed microbial mat. Functionally, genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification and osmotic pressure were more abundant in the exposed than in the shallow-water microbial mats, whereas genes involved in sulfate reduction/oxidation and nitrogen fixation were ubiquitously detected. Genes involved in the utilization of methylated amines for methane production were predominant when compared with genes associated with alternative methanogenesis pathways. Solar Lake methanogen MAGs belonged to Methanosarcinia, Bathyarchaeia, Candidatus Methanofastidiosales, and Archaeoglobales. The latter had the genetic capacity for anaerobic methane oxidation. Moreover, Coleofasciculus chthonoplastes, previously reported to dominate the winter shallow-water flat mat, had a substantial presence in the summer. These findings reveal the taxonomic and biochemical microbial zonation of the exposed and shallow-water Solar Lake flat mat benthic community and their capacity to ecologically adapt to the summer water recession.","['D060106', 'D064307', 'D012336', 'D004534', 'D001419', 'D001105', 'D054892', 'D010802', 'D019015', 'D013472']"
38725142,Interpreting an Archaean paleoenvironment through 3D imagery of microbialites.,"While stromatolites, and to a lesser extent thrombolites, have been extensively studied in order to unravel Precambrian (>539 Ma) biological evolution, studies of clastic-dominated microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISS) are relatively scarce. The lack of a consolidated record of clastic microbialites creates questions about how much (and what) information on depositional and taphonomic settings can be gleaned from these fossils. We used μCT scanning, a non-destructive X-ray-based 3D imaging method, to reconstruct morphologies of ancient MISS and mat textures in two previously described coastal Archaean samples from the ~3.48 Ga Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia. The aim of this study was to test the ability of μCT scanning to visualize and make 3D measurements that can be used to interpret the biotic-environmental interactions. Fossil MISS including mat laminae with carpet-like textures in one sample and mat rip-up chips in the second sample were investigated. Compiled δ13C and δ34S analyses of specimens from the Dresser Fm. are consistent with a taxonomically diverse community that could be capable of forming such MISS. 3D measurements of fossil microbial mat chips indicate significant biostabilization and suggest formation in flow velocities >25 cm s-1. Given the stratigraphic location of these chips in a low-flow lagoonal layer, we conclude that these chips formed due to tidal influence, as these assumed velocities are consistent with recent modeling of Archaean tides. The success of μCT scanning in documenting these microbialite features validates this technique both as a first step analysis for rare samples prior to the use of more destructive techniques and as a valuable tool for gaining insight into microbialite taphonomy.","['D019015', 'D005580', 'D014904', 'D021621', 'D055114', 'D001105']"
38723956,Impact of diversified cropping systems and fertilization strategies on soil microbial abundance and functional potentials for nitrogen cycling.,"Diversified cropping systems and fertilization strategies were proposed to enhance the abundance and diversity of the soil microbiome, thereby stabilizing their beneficial services for maintaining soil fertility and supporting plant growth. Here, we assessed across three different long-term field experiments in Europe (Netherlands, Belgium, Northern Germany) whether diversified cropping systems and fertilization strategies also affect their functional gene abundance. Soil DNA was analyzed by quantitative PCR for quantifying bacteria, archaea and fungi as well as functional genes related to nitrogen (N) transformations; including bacterial and archaeal nitrification (amoA-bac,arch), three steps of the denitrification process (nirK, nirS and nosZ-cladeI,II) and N2 assimilation (nifH), respectively. Crop diversification and fertilization strategies generally enhanced soil total carbon (C), N and microbial abundance, but with variation between sites. Overall effects of diversified cropping systems and fertilization strategies on functional genes were much stronger than on the abundance of bacteria, archaea and fungi. The legume-based cropping systems showed great potential not only in stimulating the growth of N-fixing microorganisms but also in boosting downstream functional potentials for N cycling. The sorghum-based intercropping system suppressed soil ammonia oxidizing prokaryotes. N fertilization reduced the abundance of nitrifiers and denitrifiers except for ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, while the application of the synthetic nitrification inhibitor DMPP combined with mineral N reduced growth of both ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a strong impact of diversified agricultural practices on the soil microbiome and their functional potentials mediating N transformations.","['D012988', 'D005308', 'D058458', 'D000383', 'D012987', 'D058465', 'D009584', 'D001419', 'D001105', 'D064307', 'D001530', 'D005858', 'D009426', 'D058440']"
38723608,STORM Super-Resolution Visualization of Self-Assembled γPFD Chaperone Ultrastructures in Methanocaldococcus jannaschii.,"Gamma-prefoldin (γPFD), a unique chaperone found in the extremely thermophilic methanogen Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, self-assembles into filaments in vitro, which so far have been observed using transmission electron microscopy and cryo-electron microscopy. Utilizing three-dimensional stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (3D-STORM), here we achieve ∼20 nm resolution by precisely locating individual fluorescent molecules, hence resolving γPFD ultrastructure both in vitro and in vivo. Through CF647 NHS ester labeling, we first demonstrate the accurate visualization of filaments and bundles with purified γPFD. Next, by implementing immunofluorescence labeling after creating a 3xFLAG-tagged γPFD strain, we successfully visualize γPFD in M. jannaschii cells. Through 3D-STORM and two-color STORM imaging with DNA, we show the widespread distribution of filamentous γPFD structures within the cell. These findings provide valuable insights into the structure and localization of γPFD, opening up possibilities for studying intriguing nanoscale components not only in archaea but also in other microorganisms.","['D063747', 'D018832', 'D019843', 'D008856', 'D021621']"
38723344,Positioning of cellular components by the ParA/MinD family of ATPases.,"The ParA/MinD (A/D) family of ATPases spatially organize an array of genetic- and protein-based cellular cargos across the bacterial and archaeal domains of life. By far, the two best-studied members, and family namesake, are ParA and MinD, involved in bacterial DNA segregation and divisome positioning, respectively. ParA and MinD make protein waves on the nucleoid or membrane to segregate chromosomes and position the divisome. Less studied is the growing list of A/D ATPases widespread across bacteria and implicated in the subcellular organization of diverse protein-based complexes and organelles involved in myriad biological processes, from metabolism to pathogenesis. Here we describe mechanistic commonality, variation, and coordination among the most widespread family of positioning ATPases used in the subcellular organization of disparate cargos across bacteria and archaea.","['D000251', 'D001105', 'D001419', 'D001426', 'D004269', 'D019843', 'D020090']"
38722449,Application of SUMO fusion technology for the enhancement of stability and activity of lysophospholipase from Pyrococcus abyssi.,"Heterologous production of proteins in Escherichia coli has raised several challenges including soluble production of target proteins, high levels of expression and purification. Fusion tags can serve as the important tools to overcome these challenges. SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is one of these tags whose fusion to native protein sequence can enhance its solubility and stability. In current research, a simple, efficient and cost-effective method is being discussed for the construction of pET28a-SUMO vector. In order to improve the stability and activity of lysophospholipase from Pyrococcus abyssi (Pa-LPL), a 6xHis-SUMO tag was fused to N-terminal of Pa-LPL by using pET28a-SUMO vector. Recombinant SUMO-fused enzyme (6 H-S-PaLPL) works optimally at 35 °C and pH 6.5 with remarkable thermostability at 35-95 °C. Thermo-inactivation kinetics of 6 H-S-PaLPL were also studied at 35-95 °C with first order rate constant (kIN) of 5.58 × 10- 2 h-1 and half-life of 12 ± 0 h at 95 °C. Km and Vmax for the hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl butyrate were calculated to be 2 ± 0.015 mM and 3882 ± 22.368 U/mg, respectively. 2.4-fold increase in Vmax of Pa-LPL was observed after fusion of 6xHis-SUMO tag to its N-terminal. It is the first report on the utilization of SUMO fusion tag to enhance the overall stability and activity of Pa-LPL. Fusion of 6xHis-SUMO tag not only aided in the purification process but also played a crucial role in increasing the thermostability and activity of the enzyme. SUMO-fused enzyme, thus generated, can serve as an important candidate for degumming of vegetable oils at industrial scale.","['D004795', 'D011993', 'D004926', 'D006863', 'D007700', 'D043903', 'D013696', 'D025841', 'D005822', 'D025842', 'D003001', 'D012995']"
38713374,Extremophiles and their expanding biotechnological applications.,"Microbial life is not restricted to any particular setting. Over the past several decades, it has been evident that microbial populations can exist in a wide range of environments, including those with extremes in temperature, pressure, salinity, and pH. Bacteria and Archaea are the two most reported types of microbes that can sustain in extreme environments, such as hot springs, ice caves, acid drainage, and salt marshes. Some can even grow in toxic waste, organic solvents, and heavy metals. These microbes are called extremophiles. There exist certain microorganisms that are found capable of thriving in two or more extreme physiological conditions simultaneously, and are regarded as polyextremophiles. Extremophiles possess several physiological and molecular adaptations including production of extremolytes, ice nucleating proteins, pigments, extremozymes and exopolysaccharides. These metabolites are used in many biotechnological industries for making biofuels, developing new medicines, food additives, cryoprotective agents etc. Further, the study of extremophiles holds great significance in astrobiology. The current review summarizes the diversity of microorganisms inhabiting challenging environments and the biotechnological and therapeutic applications of the active metabolites obtained as a response to stress conditions. Bioprospection of extremophiles provides a progressive direction with significant enhancement in economy. Moreover, the introduction to omics approach including whole genome sequencing, single cell genomics, proteomics, metagenomics etc., has made it possible to find many unique microbial communities that could be otherwise difficult to cultivate using traditional methods. These findings might be capable enough to state that discovery of extremophiles can bring evolution to biotechnology.","['D000071825', 'D001709', 'D001105', 'D001419', 'D000071251']"
38709902,Structural basis of archaeal RNA polymerase transcription elongation and Spt4/5 recruitment.,"Archaeal transcription is carried out by a multi-subunit RNA polymerase (RNAP) that is highly homologous in structure and function to eukaryotic RNAP II. Among the set of basal transcription factors, only Spt5 is found in all domains of life, but Spt5 has been shaped during evolution, which is also reflected in the heterodimerization of Spt5 with Spt4 in Archaea and Eukaryotes. To unravel the mechanistic basis of Spt4/5 function in Archaea, we performed structure-function analyses using the archaeal transcriptional machinery of Pyrococcus furiosus (Pfu). We report single-particle cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions of apo RNAP and the archaeal elongation complex (EC) in the absence and presence of Spt4/5. Surprisingly, Pfu Spt4/5 also binds the RNAP in the absence of nucleic acids in a distinct super-contracted conformation. We show that the RNAP clamp/stalk module exhibits conformational flexibility in the apo state of RNAP and that the enzyme contracts upon EC formation or Spt4/5 engagement. We furthermore identified a contact of the Spt5-NGN domain with the DNA duplex that stabilizes the upstream boundary of the transcription bubble and impacts Spt4/5 activity in vitro. This study, therefore, provides the structural basis for Spt4/5 function in archaeal transcription and reveals a potential role beyond the well-described support of elongation.","['D019843', 'D002868', 'D020285', 'D012321', 'D008958', 'D011485', 'D020027', 'D061805', 'D035602']"
38705286,Long-term chemical and organic fertilization induces distinct variations of microbial associations but unanimous elevation of soil multifunctionality.,"Intricate microbial associations contribute greatly to the multiple functions (multifunctionality) of natural ecosystems. However, the relationship between microbial associations and soil multifunctionality (SMF) in artificial ecosystems, particularly in agricultural ecosystem with frequent fertilization, remains unclear. In this study, based on a 28-year paddy field experiment, high-throughput sequencing and networks analysis was performed to investigate changes in soil microbial (archaea, bacteria, fungi, and protists) associations and how these changes correlate with SMF under long-term fertilization. Compared to no fertilization (CK), both chemical fertilization with N, P, and K (CF) and chemical fertilization plus rice straw retention (CFR) treatments showed significantly higher soil nutrient content, grain yield, microbial abundance, and SMF. With the exception of archaeal diversity, the CF treatment exhibited the lowest bacterial, fungal, and protist diversity, and the simplest microbial co-occurrence network. In contrast, the CFR treatment had the lowest archaeal diversity, but the highest bacterial, fungal, and protist diversity. Moreover, the CFR treatment exhibited the most complex microbial co-occurrence network with the highest number of nodes, edges, and interkingdom edges. These results highlight that both chemical fertilization with and without straw retention caused high ecosystem multifunctionality while changing microbial association oppositely. Furthermore, these results indicate that rice straw retention contributes to the development of the soil microbiome and ensures the sustainability of high-level ecosystem multifunctionality.","['D012988', 'D005308', 'D012987', 'D000383', 'D001419', 'D005658', 'D012275', 'D017753', 'D064307', 'D001105']"
38704527,Differences in archaeal diversity and potential ecological functions between saline and hypersaline lakes on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were driven by multiple environmental and non-environmental factors beyond the salinity.,"Saline lakes are home to various archaea that play special and crucial roles in the global biogeochemical cycle. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau hosts a large number of lakes with diverse salinity ranging from 0.1 to over 400 g/L, harboring complex and diverse archaea. To the best of our knowledge, the formation mechanisms and potential ecological roles of archaea in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau saline lakes remain largely unknown.","['D060106', 'D054712', 'D001105', 'D018609', 'D059014', 'D010802', 'D044822', 'D017753', 'D012336', 'D009584', 'D019641']"
38703419,"Genomic comparison of deep-sea hydrothermal genera related to Aeropyrum, Thermodiscus and Caldisphaera, and proposed emended description of the family Acidilobaceae.","Deep-sea hydrothermal vents host archaeal and bacterial thermophilic communities, including taxonomically and functionally diverse Thermoproteota. Despite their prevalence in high-temperature submarine communities, Thermoproteota are chronically under-represented in genomic databases and issues have emerged regarding their nomenclature, particularly within the Aeropyrum-Thermodiscus-Caldisphaera. To resolve some of these problems, we identified 47 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) within this clade, from 20 previously published deep-sea hydrothermal vent and submarine volcano metagenomes, and 24 MAGs from public databases. Using phylogenomic analysis, Genome Taxonomy Database Toolkit (GTDB-Tk) taxonomic assessment, 16S rRNA gene phylogeny, average amino acid identity (AAI) and functional gene patterns, we re-evaluated of the taxonomy of the Aeropyrum-Thermodiscus-Caldisphaera. At least nine genus-level clades were identified with two or more MAGs. In accordance with SeqCode requirements and recommendations, we propose names for three novel genera, viz. Tiamatella incendiivivens, Hestiella acidicharens and Calypsonella navitae. A fourth genus was also identified related to Thermodiscus maritimus, for which no available sequenced genome exists. We propose the novel species Thermodiscus eudorianus to describe our high-quality Thermodiscus MAG, which represents the type genome for the genus. All three novel genera and T. eudorianus are likely anaerobic heterotrophs, capable of fermenting protein-rich carbon sources, while some Tiamatella, Calypsonella and T. eudorianus may also reduce polysulfides, thiosulfate, sulfur and/or selenite, and the likely acidophile, Hestiella, may reduce nitrate and/or perchlorate. Based on phylogenomic evidence, we also propose the family Acidilobaceae be amended to include Caldisphaera, Aeropyrum, Thermodiscus and Stetteria and the novel genera described here.","['D060086', 'D010802', 'D012336', 'D054892', 'D012623', 'D017422', 'D016680', 'D001105', 'D004269', 'D041522', 'D023281', 'D019641', 'D001419', 'D020745']"
38701981,Performance and microbial community composition of full-scale high-rate cascade sludge digestion system via pie-shaped reactor configuration.,"A full-scale high-rate cascade anaerobic digestion (CAD) system was evaluated for its ability to enhance enzymatic sludge hydrolysis. The system included a newly built digester, innovatively divided into three pie-shaped compartments (500 m3 each), followed by an existing, larger digester (1500 m3). The system treated a mixture of waste activated sludge and primary sludge, achieving a stable total chemical oxygen demand reduction efficiency (56.1 ± 6.8 %), and enhanced sludge hydrolytic enzyme activities at a 14.5-day total solids retention time (SRT). High-throughput sequencing data revealed a consistent microbial community across reactors, dominated by consortia that govern hydrolysis and acidogenesis. Despite relatively short SRTs in the initial reactors of the CAD system, acetoclastic methanogens belonging to Methanosaeta became the most abundant archaea. ‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬ This study proves that the CAD system achieves stable sludge reduction, accelerates enzymatic hydrolysis at full-scale, and paves the way for its industrialization in municipal waste sewage sludge treatment.","['D012722', 'D019149', 'D006868', 'D057919', 'D000693', 'D001105']"
38701927,Archaeal community composition as key driver of H2 consumption rates at the start-up of the biomethanation process.,"The performance of hydrogen consumption by various inocula derived from mesophilic anaerobic digestion plants was evaluated under ex situ biomethanation. A panel of 11 mesophilic inocula was operated at a concentration of 15 gVS.L-1 at a temperature of 35 °C in batch system with two successive injections of H2:CO2 (4:1 mol:mol). Hydrogen consumption and methane production rates were monitored from 44 h to 72 h. Hydrogen consumption kinetics varies significantly based on the inoculum origin, with no accumulation of volatile fatty acids. Microbial community analyses revealed that microbial indicators such as the increase in Methanosarcina sp. abundance and the increase of the Archaea/Bacteria ratio were associated to high initial hydrogen consumption rates. The improvement in the hydrogen consumption rate between the two injections was correlated with the enrichment in hydrogenotrophic methanogens. This work provides new insights into the early response of microbial communities to hydrogen injection and on the microbial structures that may favor their adaptation to the biomethanation process.","['D008697', 'D001105', 'D006859', 'D019149', 'D064307', 'D000693']"
38700397,"Origin and modern microbial ecology of secondary mineral deposits in Lehman Caves, Great Basin National Park, NV, USA.","Lehman Caves is an extensively decorated high desert cave that represents one of the main tourist attractions in Great Basin National Park, Nevada. Although traditionally considered a water table cave, recent studies identified abundant speleogenetic features consistent with a hypogenic and, potentially, sulfuric acid origin. Here, we characterized white mineral deposits in the Gypsum Annex (GA) passage to determine whether these secondary deposits represent biogenic minerals formed during sulfuric acid corrosion and explored microbial communities associated with these and other mineral deposits throughout the cave. Powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), scanning electron microscopy with electron dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and electron microprobe analyses (EPMA) showed that, while most white mineral deposits from the GA contain gypsum, they also contain abundant calcite, silica, and other phases. Gypsum and carbonate-associated sulfate isotopic values of these deposits are variable, with δ34SV-CDT between +9.7‰ and +26.1‰, and do not reflect depleted values typically associated with replacement gypsum formed during sulfuric acid speleogenesis. Petrographic observations show that the sulfates likely co-precipitated with carbonate and SiO2 phases. Taken together, these data suggest that the deposits resulted from later-stage meteoric events and not during an initial episode of sulfuric acid speleogenesis. Most sedimentary and mineral deposits in Lehman Caves have very low microbial biomass, with the exception of select areas along the main tour route that have been impacted by tourist traffic. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing showed that microbial communities in GA sediments are distinct from those in other parts of the cave. The microbial communities that inhabit these oligotrophic secondary mineral deposits include OTUs related to known ammonia-oxidizing Nitrosococcales and Thaumarchaeota, as well as common soil taxa such as Acidobacteriota and Proteobacteria. This study reveals microbial and mineralogical diversity in a previously understudied cave and expands our understanding of the geomicrobiology of desert hypogene cave systems.","['D059552', 'D008903', 'D001419', 'D009505', 'D001105', 'D019015', 'D000068316', 'D012336', 'D013464', 'D010802', 'D064307', 'D002133', 'D008855']"
38700364,Fusion/fission protein family identification in Archaea.,"The majority of newly discovered archaeal lineages remain without a cultivated representative, but scarce experimental data from the cultivated organisms show that they harbor distinct functional repertoires. To unveil the ecological as well as evolutionary impact of Archaea from metagenomics, new computational methods need to be developed, followed by in-depth analysis. Among them is the genome-wide protein fusion screening performed here. Natural fusions and fissions of genes not only contribute to microbial evolution but also complicate the correct identification and functional annotation of sequences. The products of these processes can be defined as fusion (or composite) proteins, the ones consisting of two or more domains originally encoded by different genes and split proteins, and the ones originating from the separation of a gene in two (fission). Fusion identifications are required for proper phylogenetic reconstructions and metabolic pathway completeness assessments, while mappings between fused and unfused proteins can fill some of the existing gaps in metabolic models. In the archaeal genome-wide screening, more than 1,900 fusion/fission protein clusters were identified, belonging to both newly sequenced and well-studied lineages. These protein families are mainly associated with different types of metabolism, genetic, and cellular processes. Moreover, 162 of the identified fusion/fission protein families are archaeal specific, having no identified fused homolog within the bacterial domain. Our approach was validated by the identification of experimentally characterized fusion/fission cases. However, around 25% of the identified fusion/fission families lack functional annotations for both composite and split states, showing the need for experimental characterization in Archaea.IMPORTANCEGenome-wide fusion screening has never been performed in Archaea on a broad taxonomic scale. The overlay of multiple computational techniques allows the detection of a fine-grained set of predicted fusion/fission families, instead of rough estimations based on conserved domain annotations only. The exhaustive mapping of fused proteins to bacterial organisms allows us to capture fusion/fission families that are specific to archaeal biology, as well as to identify links between bacterial and archaeal lineages based on cooccurrence of taxonomically restricted proteins and their sequence features. Furthermore, the identification of poorly characterized lineage-specific fusion proteins opens up possibilities for future experimental and computational investigations. This approach enhances our understanding of Archaea in general and provides potential candidates for in-depth studies in the future.","['D001105', 'D019843', 'D020745', 'D010802']"
38698035,Regulatory sequence-based discovery of anti-defense genes in archaeal viruses.,"In silico identification of viral anti-CRISPR proteins (Acrs) has relied largely on the guilt-by-association method using known Acrs or anti-CRISPR associated proteins (Acas) as the bait. However, the low number and limited spread of the characterized archaeal Acrs and Aca hinders our ability to identify Acrs using guilt-by-association. Here, based on the observation that the few characterized archaeal Acrs and Aca are transcribed immediately post viral infection, we hypothesize that these genes, and many other unidentified anti-defense genes (ADG), are under the control of conserved regulatory sequences including a strong promoter, which can be used to predict anti-defense genes in archaeal viruses. Using this consensus sequence based method, we identify 354 potential ADGs in 57 archaeal viruses and 6 metagenome-assembled genomes. Experimental validation identified a CRISPR subtype I-A inhibitor and the first virally encoded inhibitor of an archaeal toxin-antitoxin based immune system. We also identify regulatory proteins potentially akin to Acas that can facilitate further identification of ADGs combined with the guilt-by-association approach. These results demonstrate the potential of regulatory sequence analysis for extensive identification of ADGs in viruses of archaea and bacteria.","['D023641', 'D001105', 'D011401', 'D064112', 'D012045', 'D014764', 'D019843', 'D054892', 'D064130', 'D064113']"
38697567,Optimizing bioelectromethanosynthesis of CO2 and membrane fouling mitigation in MECs via in-situ biogas recirculation.,"The CO2 bioelectromethanosynthesis via two-chamber microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) holds tremendous potential to solve the energy crisis and mitigate the greenhouse gas emissions. However, the membrane fouling is still a big challenge for CO2 bioelectromethanosynthesis owing to the poor proton diffusion across membrane and high inter-resistance. In this study, a new MEC bioreactor with biogas recirculation unit was designed in the cathode chamber to enhance secondary-dissolution of CO2 while mitigating the contaminant adhesion on membrane surface. Biogas recirculation improved CO2 re-dissolution, reduced concentration polarization, and facilitated the proton transmembrane diffusion. This resulted in a remarkable increase in the cathodic methane production rate from 0.4 mL/L·d to 8.5 mL/L·d. A robust syntrophic relationship between anodic organic-degrading bacteria (Firmicutes 5.29%, Bacteroidetes 25.90%, and Proteobacteria 6.08%) and cathodic methane-producing archaea (Methanobacterium 65.58%) enabled simultaneous organic degradation, high CO2 bioelectromethanosynthesis, and renewable energy storage.","['D002245', 'D019149', 'D008697', 'D056804', 'D004572', 'D004566', 'D001674', 'D017014', 'D008567', 'D020560']"
38693486,Dynamic evolution of the mTHF gene family associated with primary metabolism across life.,"The folate cycle of one-carbon (C1) metabolism, which plays a central role in the biosynthesis of nucleotides and amino acids, demonstrates the significance of metabolic adaptation. We investigated the evolutionary history of the methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (mTHF) gene family, one of the main drivers of the folate cycle, across life.","['D019143', 'D010802', 'D008754', 'D005810', 'D001105', 'D056890', 'D053858', 'D022761']"
38691426,Distinct life cycle stages of an ectosymbiotic DPANN archaeon.,"DPANN archaea are a diverse group of microorganisms that are thought to rely on an ectosymbiotic lifestyle; however, the cell biology of these cell-cell interactions remains largely unknown. We applied live-cell imaging and cryo-electron tomography to the DPANN archaeon Nanobdella aerobiophila and its host, revealing two distinct life cycle stages. Free cells possess archaella and are motile. Ectobiotic cells are intimately linked with the host through an elaborate attachment organelle. Our data suggest that free cells may actively seek a new host, while the ectobiotic state is adapted to mediate intricate interaction with the host.","['D013559', 'D008018', 'D020285', 'D046588', 'D055032']"
38690913,"Potential coupling of microbial methane, nitrogen, and sulphur cycling in the Okinawa Trough cold seep sediments.","The Okinawa Trough (OT) is a back-arc basin with a wide distribution of active cold seep systems. However, our understanding of the metabolic function of microbial communities in the cold seep sediments of the OT remains limited. In this study, we investigated the vertical profiles of functional genes involved in methane, nitrogen, and sulphur cycling in the cold seep sediments of the OT. Furthermore, we explored the possible coupling mechanisms between these biogeochemical cycles. The study revealed that the majority of genes associated with the nitrogen and sulphur cycles were most abundant in the surface sediment layers. However, only the key genes responsible for sulphur disproportionation (sor), nitrogen fixation (nifDKH), and methane metabolism (mcrABG) were more prevalent within sulfate-methane transition zone (SMTZ). Significant positive correlations (P < 0.05) were observed between functional genes involved in sulphur oxidation, thiosulphate disproportionation with denitrification, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), as well as between AOM/methanogenesis and nitrogen fixation, and between sulphur disproportionation and AOM. A genome of Filomicrobium (class Alphaproteobacteria) has demonstrated potential in chemoautotrophic activities, particularly in coupling DNRA and denitrification with sulphur oxidation. Additionally, the characterized sulfate reducers such as Syntrophobacterales have been found to be capable of utilizing nitrate as an electron acceptor. The predominant methanogenic/methanotrophic groups in the OT sediments were identified as H2-dependent methylotrophic methanogens (Methanomassiliicoccales and Methanofastidiosales) and ANME-1a. This study offered a thorough understanding of microbial ecosystems in the OT cold seep sediments, emphasizing their contribution to nutrient cycling.IMPORTANCEThe Okinawa Trough (OT) is a back-arc basin formed by extension within the continental lithosphere behind the Ryukyu Trench arc system. Cold seeps are widespread in the OT. While some studies have explored microbial communities in OT cold seep sediments, their metabolic potential remains largely unknown. In this study, we used metagenomic analysis to enhance comprehension of the microbial community's role in nutrient cycling and proposed hypotheses on the coupling process and mechanisms involved in biogeochemical cycles. It was revealed that multiple metabolic pathways can be performed by a single organism or microbes that interact with each other to carry out various biogeochemical cycling. This data set provided a genomic road map on microbial nutrient cycling in OT sediment microbial communities.","['D008697', 'D019015', 'D013455', 'D009584', 'D001419', 'D009586', 'D001105', 'D064307', 'D012623', 'D007564', 'D010802']"
38682557,Hotspot Wizard-informed engineering of a hyperthermophilic β-glucosidase for enhanced enzyme activity at low temperatures.,"Hyperthermophilic enzymes serve as an important source of industrial enzymes due to their high thermostability. Unfortunately, most hyperthermophilic enzymes suffer from reduced activity at low temperatures (e.g., ambient temperature), limiting their applicability. In addition, evolving hyperthermophilic enzymes to increase low temperature activity without compromising other desired properties is generally difficult. In the current study, a variant of β-glucosidase from Pyrococcus furiosus (PfBGL) was engineered to enhance enzyme activity at low temperatures through the construction of a saturation mutagenesis library guided by the HotSpot Wizard analysis, followed by its screening for activity and thermostability. From this library construction and screening, one PfBGL mutant, PfBGL-A4 containing Q214S/A264S/F344I mutations, showed an over twofold increase in β-glucosidase activity at 25 and 50°C compared to the wild type, without compromising high-temperature activity, thermostability and substrate specificity. Our experimental and computational characterizations suggest that the findings with PfBGL-A4 may be due to the elevation of local conformational flexibility around the active site, while slightly compacting the global protein structure. This study showcases the potential of HotSpot Wizard-informed engineering of hyperthermophilic enzymes and underscores the interplays among temperature, enzyme activity, and conformational flexibility in these enzymes.","['D020027', 'D001617', 'D004795', 'D015202', 'D003080']"
38956307,"Risk practices and awareness of leptospirosis amongst residents of Zaria, Nigeria.","This study evaluated the level of risk practices and awareness of leptospirosis among residents of Zaria, Nigeria. A pre-tested questionnaires were administered via face-to-face interview to 100 residents. The data was analyzed using chi-square and multivariate analysis to identify risk factors for leptospirosis. The demography showed that the majority of the respondents were male, aged 21-40 years, and majorly crop farmers. The risk factors identified showed that males were 4.14 times more likely to be affected by leptospirosis (OR 4.14, 95% CI [1.93-5.37], p = 0.02) and the source of animal's water was 5.56 times more likely to be contaminated by Leptospira spp. (OR 4.14, 95% CI [2.88-8.03], p = 0.01) and these relationships were significant. The majority of respondents were not aware of the disease (OR 1.87, 95% CI [1.22-4.57], p = 0.01) with 78% of the respondents not sure of which of the animal species leptospirosis affected (OR 1.67, 95% CI [1.07-2.62], p = 0.02). This study has demonstrated the existence of risk behaviors, and paucity of knowledge about leptospirosis in the study area. It is therefore recommended to organize an enlightenment program and the need for protective clothing for individuals occupationally at risk of infection by Leptospira spp.","['D006801', 'D007922', 'D008297', 'D009549', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D007722', 'D055815', 'D012307', 'D011795', 'D008875', 'D007919', 'D000818', 'D000293']"
38956276,Characterising the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) pouch microbiome in lactating and non-lactating females.,"Wildlife harbour a diverse range of microorganisms that affect their health and development. Marsupials are born immunologically naïve and physiologically underdeveloped, with primary development occurring inside a pouch. Secretion of immunological compounds and antimicrobial peptides in the epithelial lining of the female's pouch, pouch young skin, and through the milk, are thought to boost the neonate's immune system and potentially alter the pouch skin microbiome. Here, using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we characterised the Tasmanian devil pouch skin microbiome from 25 lactating and 30 non-lactating wild females to describe and compare across these reproductive stages. We found that the lactating pouch skin microbiome had significantly lower amplicon sequence variant richness and diversity than non-lactating pouches, however there was no overall dissimilarity in community structure between lactating and non-lactating pouches. The top five phyla were found to be consistent between both reproductive stages, with over 85% of the microbiome being comprised of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, and Bacteroidota. The most abundant taxa remained consistent across all taxonomic ranks between lactating and non-lactating pouch types. This suggests that any potential immunological compounds or antimicrobial peptide secretions did not significantly influence the main community members. Of the more than 16,000 total identified amplicon sequence variants, 25 were recognised as differentially abundant between lactating and non-lactating pouches. It is proposed that the secretion of antimicrobial peptides in the pouch act to modulate these microbial communities. This study identifies candidate bacterial clades on which to test the activity of Tasmanian devil antimicrobial peptides and their role in pouch young protection, which in turn may lead to future therapeutic development for human diseases.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D064307', 'D007774', 'D008394', 'D012336', 'D012867', 'D001419']"
38956076,Myco-fabricated silver nanoparticle by novel soil fungi from Saudi Arabian desert and antimicrobial mechanism.,"Biological agents are getting a noticeable concern as efficient eco-friendly method for nanoparticle fabrication, from which fungi considered promising agents in this field. In the current study, two fungal species (Embellisia spp. and Gymnoascus spp.) were isolated from the desert soil in Saudi Arabia and identified using 18S rRNA gene sequencing then used as bio-mediator for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Myco-synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-visible spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering techniques. Their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were investigated. In atrial to detect their possible antibacterial mechanism, Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE) and TEM analysis were performed for Klebsiella pneumoniae treated by the myco-synthesized AgNPs. Detected properties of the fabricated materials indicated the ability of both tested fungal strains in successful fabrication of AgNPs having same range of mean size diameters and varied PDI. The efficiency of Embellisia spp. in providing AgNPs with higher antibacterial activity compared to Gymnoascus spp. was reported however, both indicated antibacterial efficacy. Variations in the protein profile of K. pneumoniae after treatments and ultrastructural changes were observed. Current outcomes suggested applying of fungi as direct, simple and sustainable approach in providing efficient AgNPs.","['D012834', 'D012529', 'D053768', 'D012988', 'D008826', 'D000900', 'D003889', 'D005658', 'D007711', 'D011550', 'D000890']"
38956049,Shotgun metagenomic insights into secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters reveal taxonomic and functional profiles of microbiomes in natural farmland soil.,"Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide problem that imposes a devastating effect on developing countries and requires immediate interventions. Initially, most of the antibiotic drugs were identified by culturing soil microbes. However, this method is prone to discovering the same antibiotics repeatedly. The present study employed a shotgun metagenomics approach to investigate the taxonomic diversity, functional potential, and biosynthetic capacity of microbiomes from two natural agricultural farmlands located in Bekeka and Welmera Choke Kebelle in Ethiopia for the first time. Analysis of the small subunit rRNA revealed bacterial domain accounting for 83.33% and 87.24% in the two selected natural farmlands. Additionally, the analysis showed the dominance of Proteobacteria representing 27.27% and 28.79% followed by Actinobacteria making up 12.73% and 13.64% of the phyla composition. Furthermore, the analysis revealed the presence of unassigned bacteria in the studied samples. The metagenome functional analysis showed 176,961 and 104, 636 number of protein-coding sequences (pCDS) from the two samples found a match with 172,655 and 102, 275 numbers of InterPro entries, respectively. The Genome ontology annotation suggests the presence of 5517 and 3293 pCDS assigned to the ""biosynthesis process"". Numerous Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes modules (KEGG modules) involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides were identified. Furthermore, both known and novel Biosynthetic gene clusters, responsible for the production of secondary metabolites, such as polyketide synthases, non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (Ripp), and Terpene, were discovered. Generally, from the results it can be concluded that the microbiomes in the selected sampling sites have a hidden functional potential for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Overall, this study can serve as a strong preliminary step in the long journey of bringing new antibiotics to the market.","['D012988', 'D056186', 'D064307', 'D005810', 'D064210', 'D054892', 'D000072480', 'D001419', 'D005002', 'D010802']"
38955830,Metataxonomic Studies to Evaluate the Beneficial Effect of Enzymatic Pretreatment on the Anaerobic Digestion of Waste Generated in Turkey Farming.,"Turkey litter waste is lignocellulosic and keratinous, requiring prior enzymatic treatment to facilitate fiber hydrolysis and utilization by microorganisms in anaerobic digestion (AD) process. The understanding of the performance of microorganisms in AD can be facilitated through molecular biology and bioinformatics tools. This study aimed to determine the taxonomic profile and functional prediction of microbial communities in the AD of turkey litter waste subjected to enzymatic pretreatment and correlate it with operational parameters. The tests involved the use of turkey litter (T) at 25 g L-1 of volatile solids, a granular inoculum (S) (10% m/v), and the addition of cellulase (C), and pectinase (P) enzymes at four concentrations. The use of enzymes increased methane production by 19% (turkey litter, inoculum, and cellulase-TSC4) and 15% (turkey litter, inoculum, and enzymatic pectinase-TSP4) compared to the control (turkey litter and inoculum-TS), being more effective in TSC4 (667.52 mLCH4), where there was consumption of acetic, butyric, and propionic acids. The pectinase assay (TSP4) showed a methane production of 648 mLCH4 and there was the accumulation of metabolites. Cellulolytic microorganisms Bacteroides, Ruminofilibacter, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Methanosaeta were favored in TSC4. In TSP4, the predominant genus was Macellibacteroides and Methanosarcina, and genes involved in methylotrophic methanogenesis were also found (mtaB, mtmB, and mtbB). Enzymes involved in hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis were identified in both assays (TSC4 and TSP4). Molecular tools helped to understand the metabolic routes involved in AD with enzymatic treatment, allowing the elaboration of strategies to improve the sustainable degradation of turkey litter waste.","['D000693', 'D000818', 'D008697', 'D002480', 'D001419', 'D014422', 'D011096', 'D006868', 'D008031', 'D000383', 'D056186']"
38955825,Soil Metaproteomics for Microbial Community Profiling: Methodologies and Challenges.,"Soil represents a complex and dynamic ecosystem, hosting a myriad of microorganisms that coexist and play vital roles in nutrient cycling and organic matter transformation. Among these microorganisms, bacteria and fungi are key members of the microbial community, profoundly influencing the fate of nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon in terrestrial environments. Understanding the intricacies of soil ecosystems and the biological processes orchestrated by microbial communities necessitates a deep dive into their composition and metabolic activities. The advent of next-generation sequencing and 'omics' techniques, such as metagenomics and metaproteomics, has revolutionized our understanding of microbial ecology and the functional dynamics of soil microbial communities. Metagenomics enables the identification of microbial community composition in soil, while metaproteomics sheds light on the current biological functions performed by these communities. However, metaproteomics presents several challenges, both technical and computational. Factors such as the presence of humic acids and variations in extraction methods can influence protein yield, while the absence of high-resolution mass spectrometry and comprehensive protein databases limits the depth of protein identification. Notwithstanding these limitations, metaproteomics remains a potent tool for unraveling the intricate biological processes and functions of soil microbial communities. In this review, we delve into the methodologies and challenges of metaproteomics in soil research, covering aspects such as protein extraction, identification, and bioinformatics analysis. Furthermore, we explore the applications of metaproteomics in soil bioremediation, highlighting its potential in addressing environmental challenges.","['D012988', 'D040901', 'D056186', 'D001419', 'D064307', 'D005658', 'D012987', 'D019295']"
38955821,"Numerical and Thermal Response of the Bacterivorous Ciliate Colpidium kleini, a Species Potentially at Risk of Extinction by Rising Water Temperatures.","We investigated the food-dependent growth and thermal response of the freshwater ciliate Colpidium kleini using numerical response (NR) experiments. This bacterivorous ciliate occurs in lotic water and the pelagial of lakes and ponds. The C. kleini strain used in this work was isolated from a small alpine lake and identified by combining detailed morphological inspections with molecular phylogeny. Specific growth rates (rmax) were measured from 5 to 21 °C. The ciliate did not survive at 22 °C. The threshold bacterial food levels (0.3 - 2.2 × 106 bacterial cells mL-1) matched the bacterial abundance in the alpine lake from which C. kleini was isolated. The food threshold was notably lower than previously reported for C. kleini and two other Colpidium species. The threshold was similar to levels reported for oligotrich and choreotrich ciliates if expressed in terms of bacterial biomass (0.05 - 0.43 mg C L-1). From the NR results, we calculated physiological mortality rates at zero food concentration. The mean mortality (0.55 ± 0.17 d-1) of C. kleini was close to the mean estimate obtained for other planktonic ciliates that do not encyst. We used the data obtained by the NR experiments to fit a thermal performance curve (TPC). The TPC yielded a temperature optimum at 17.3 °C for C. kleini, a maximum upper thermal tolerance limit of 21.9 °C, and a thermal safety margin of 4.6 °C. We demonstrated that combining NR with TPC analysis is a powerful tool to predict better a species' fitness in response to temperature and food.","['D016798', 'D060106', 'D013696', 'D010802', 'D053476', 'D001419']"
38955740,[Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of respiratory pathogens in children with influenza-like illnesses in a children's hospital in Beijing from 2022 to 2023].,"To investigate the status and epidemiological characteristics of respiratory pathogens infections in children with influenza-like illnesses (ILI) in Beijing Children's Hospital from 2022 to 2023. A dual amplification technique was used to detect nucleic acids of seven common respiratory pathogens, including influenza A virus (Flu A), influenza B virus (Flu B), mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), adenovirus (ADV), and Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP), in outpatient and inpatient children (aged 0-18 years) with influenza-like symptoms who sought medical care at Beijing Children's Hospital, from January 2022 to March 2023. A total of 43 663 children were included in the study, of which 27 903 tested positive for respiratory pathogens with a total detection rate of 63.91%. Flu A had the highest detection rate of 69.93% (27 332/39 084), followed by MP about 13.22% (380/2 875). The total detection rate of RSV, PIV and ADV was 7.69% (131/1 704). Flu B had a detection rate of 0.16% (64/39 084). No CP was detected in this study. A total of 7 cases of dual infections were detected, with a detection rate of 0.41% (7/1 704). The Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in detection rates of pathogens among different genders, age groups, and different seasons. Among the seven pathogens, only Flu A had statistically significant differences in gender (χ2=16.712, P<0.001). The detection rates of Flu A and MP showed an increasing trend with age (both P trend<0.001), while the detection rates of RSV and PIV showed a decreasing trend with age (both P trend<0.001). Flu A had its epidemic peak in winter and spring, with detection rates of 61.30% (3 907/6 374) and 77.47% (23 207/29 958) respectively; MP and PIV had higher detection rates in autumn (25.14% and 7.64% respectively); RSV showed a relatively higher detection rate in winter (8.69%); Flu B and ADV had lower detection rates throughout the study period (0.16% and 1.17% respectively). In conclusion, children with ILI in 2022-2023 were mainly infected with a single respiratory pathogen, and occasionally dual pathogen infections were observed. Among them, the detection rate of Flu A was the highest, and only Flu A showed a gender difference in detection rate. As the age of the children patients increased, the detection rate of Flu A and MP showed an increasing trend, while RSV and PIV showed a decreasing trend. The prevalence of Flu A, Flu B, MP, PIV, and RSV were seasonal.","['D006801', 'D002648', 'D002675', 'D007223', 'D000293', 'D007251', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012141', 'D000068476', 'D009981', 'D009980', 'D009177', 'D007231', 'D012136', 'D006776', 'D016993', 'D018357', 'D002681', 'D000256']"
38955738,[Molecular characteristics and drug susceptibility analysis of Streptococcus agalactiae from respiratory specimen sources].,"To study the carriage status of drug susceptibility, clonal complex groups, serotypes, surface proteins and virulence genes of Streptococcus agalactiae from respiratory specimen sources. A total of 35 strains of S.agalactiae meeting the criteria were collected from 3 hospitals in 2 locations, Tangshan and Jinan. The age span of the patients was 3 days-92 years, and the percentage of elderly patients≥60 years was 71.5%.The susceptibility to 9 antimicrobial drugs was measured and analyzed using the micro broth dilution method. The strains were 100.0% sensitive to penicillin, linezolid, vancomycin, and ceftriaxone; However, it exhibits high resistance rates to erythromycin, clindamycin and levofloxacin, at 97.1%, 85.7% and 82.9% respectively; and the resistance rates to tetracycline and chloramphenicol were 34.3% and 14.2%, respectively. Genome sequence determination and analysis showed that 16 resistance genes were detected in 35 strains, among which: macrolide and lincosamide resistance genes were mainly ermB, with a carrying rate of 74.2%; tetracycline resistance genes were mainly tetM, with a carrying rate of 25.7%; in addition, the mutation rates of the quinolone resistance determinants gyrA and parC were 88.5% and 85.7%, respectively. 35 strains belonged to 6 ST types and 4 clonal groups, with CC10/ST10 as the main one, accounting for 62.8%; they contained 4 serotypes of Ⅰb, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅴ, as well as 1 untyped strain, with serotype Ⅰb as the main one, accounting for 65.7%. The strains carried three pilus types, PI1+PI2a, PI2a and PI2b types, respectively, and detected five surface proteins, alpha, alp1, rib, srr, and rdf_0594, and seven virulence factors, cba, cfb, cylE, fbsA, hylB, lmb, and pavA. Overall, S.agalactiae isolated from respiratory tract specimens is predominantly sourced from elderly patients, with CC10 strains being most prevalent. These strains harbor multiple drug-resistant and virulence genes, demonstrating elevated resistance rates to macrolides, lincosamides, and quinolones. This emphasizes the necessity for vigilant attention to the health threat posed by S. agalactiae from respiratory tract speciments of elderly patients.","['D013292', 'D006801', 'D000368', 'D000900', 'D008875', 'D008826', 'D000369', 'D000328', 'D002648', 'D000293', 'D002675', 'D007223', 'D055815', 'D007231', 'D024881', 'D013290']"
38955386,Pseudomonas and aspergillus symbiotic coinfections in a case of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes mellitus.,"Coinfection of Pseudomonas and Aspergillus has not been previously reported in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A middle-aged, thinly built woman (Body Mass Index: 18.1 kg/m²) who smokes bidi (a type of tobacco) and has a history of exposure to open log fires for cooking, has been suffering from COPD for the last 4 years. She has been taking inhaled betamethasone and tiotropium. Additionally, she had uncontrolled diabetes for a few months. She presented with fever, productive cough, shortness of breath and chest pain for 5 days. She required non-invasive ventilation support for type-2 respiratory failure. Chest X-ray and CT confirmed pneumonia, cavities and abscesses in both lungs. Repeated sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage confirmed coinfections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus fumigatus, respectively. Along with supportive therapy, she was treated with tablet levofloxacin and injection amikacin for 6 weeks based on culture sensitivity reports, and capsule itraconazole for 6 months. She recovered completely to her baseline COPD and diabetes status. This case study confirms that coinfections can occur in COPD and diabetes, highlighting the need for clinicians to be vigilant for the possibility of such symbiotic coinfections.","['D006801', 'D029424', 'D005260', 'D060085', 'D011552', 'D008875', 'D011550', 'D001232', 'D000900', 'D003924', 'D055732', 'D000935', 'D001228']"
38956155,Inhibition of microbially mediated total organic carbon decomposition in different types of cadmium contaminated soils with wheat straw addition.,"Wheat straw returning is a common agronomic measure in the farmland. Understanding organic carbon transformation is of great significance for carbon budget under the premise of widespread distribution of cadmium (Cd) contaminated soils. An incubation experiment was conducted to assess the influence of Cd contamination on the decomposition and accumulation of total organic carbon (TOC) as well as the composition and abundance of bacterial communities in eight soil types with wheat straw addition. The results showed that inhibition of Cd contamination on microbially mediated organic carbon decomposition was affected by soil types. The lower cumulative C mineralization and higher TOC content could be observed in the acidic soils relative to that in the alkaline soils. The content of Cd in soil exhibits different effects on the inhibition in decomposition of TOC. The high dosage level of Cd had stronger inhibitory impact due to its high toxicity. The decomposition of TOC was restricted by a reduction in soil bacterial abundance and weakening of bacterial activities. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that Proteobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes were abundant in alkaline Cd-contaminated soils with wheat straw addition, while Bacteroidetes dominated cumulative C mineralization in acidic Cd-contamination soils. Moreover, the abundance of predicted functional bacteria indicated that high-dose Cd-contamination and acid environment all inhibited the decomposition of TOC. The present study suggested that pH played an important role on carbon dynamics in the Cd-contaminated soils with wheat straw addition.","['D002104', 'D014908', 'D012989', 'D012988', 'D002244', 'D012987', 'D001419', 'D001673', 'D006863']"
38956024,Epithelial cells maintain memory of prior infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae through di-methylation of histone H3.,"Epithelial cells are the first point of contact for bacteria entering the respiratory tract. Streptococcus pneumoniae is an obligate human pathobiont of the nasal mucosa, carried asymptomatically but also the cause of severe pneumoniae. The role of the epithelium in maintaining homeostatic interactions or mounting an inflammatory response to invasive S. pneumoniae is currently poorly understood. However, studies have shown that chromatin modifications, at the histone level, induced by bacterial pathogens interfere with the host transcriptional program and promote infection. Here, we uncover a histone modification induced by S. pneumoniae infection maintained for at least 9 days upon clearance of bacteria with antibiotics. Di-methylation of histone H3 on lysine 4 (H3K4me2) is induced in an active manner by bacterial attachment to host cells. We show that infection establishes a unique epigenetic program affecting the transcriptional response of epithelial cells, rendering them more permissive upon secondary infection. Our results establish H3K4me2 as a unique modification induced by infection, distinct from H3K4me3 or me1, which localizes to enhancer regions genome-wide. Therefore, this study reveals evidence that bacterial infection leaves a memory in epithelial cells after bacterial clearance, in an epigenomic mark, thereby altering cellular responses to subsequent infections and promoting infection.","['D006657', 'D013296', 'D004847', 'D008745', 'D006801', 'D011008', 'D044127', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D008239', 'D008810']"
38955831,Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Croton urticifolius Lam. Essential Oil Via Membrane Disruption.,"Antimicrobial resistance is a global health issue, in which microorganisms develop resistance to antimicrobial drugs, making infections more difficult to treat. This threatens the effectiveness of standard medical treatments and necessitates the urgent development of new strategies to combat resistant microbes. Studies have increasingly explored natural sources of new antimicrobial agents that harness the rich diversity of compounds found in plant species. This pursuit holds promise for the discovery of novel treatments for combating antimicrobial resistance. In this context, the chemical composition, antibacterial, and antibiofilm activities of the essential oil from Croton urticifolius Lam. leaves (CuEO) were evaluated. CuEO was extracted via hydrodistillation, and its chemical constituents were identified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antibacterial activity of CuEO was evaluated in a 96-well plate via the microdilution method, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were determined. The effect of CuEO on biofilm formation was assessed by quantifying the biomass using crystal violet staining and viable cell counting. In addition, alterations in the cellular morphology of biofilms treated with CuEO were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser confocal microscopy. GC/MS analysis identified 26 compounds, with elemicine (39.72%); eucalyptol (19.03%), E-caryophyllene (5.36%), and methyleugenol (4.12%) as the major compounds. In terms of antibacterial activity, CuEO showed bacteriostatic effects against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 700698, S. aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, and Escherichia coli ATCC 11303, and bactericidal activity against S. aureus ATCC 700698. In addition, CuEO significantly inhibited bacterial biofilm formation. Microscopic analysis showed that CuEO damaged the bacterial membrane by leaching out the cytoplasmic content. Therefore, the results of this study show that the essential oil of C. urticifolius may be a promising natural alternative for preventing infections caused by bacterial biofilms. This study is the first to report the antibiofilm activity of C. urticifolius essential oil.","['D018441', 'D009822', 'D029802', 'D000900', 'D008826', 'D018515', 'D013211', 'D008401', 'D010936', 'D002462']"
38955692,[Advancement in epidemiology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children in China].,肺炎支原体（MP）是我国2023年儿童秋冬季呼吸道感染高峰的主要病原体，临床表现出感染低龄化、症状重、肺炎比例较高的特点，这与MP流行的周期性、我国耐大环内酯类MP比例高、新型冠状病毒感染后的免疫紊乱等因素有关。临床上需要加强对低龄儿童的防护，加强对重症病例的早期识别和治疗。.,"['D006801', 'D011019', 'D002681', 'D009177', 'D002648', 'D018942', 'D000900', 'D002675', 'D024881']"
38954725,"Dietary effects of vitamin C on antioxidant capacity, intestinal microbiota and the resistance of pathogenic bacteria in cultured Silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus).","As most teleosts are unable to synthesize vitamin C, supplemental diets containing vitamin C diets play a crucial role in fish health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary vitamin C on the intestinal enzyme activity and intestinal microbiota of silver pomfre (Pampus argenteus). Four experimental diets were supplemented with basic diets containing 300 mg of vitamin C/kg (group tjl3), 600 mg of vitamin C/kg (group tjl6), and 1200 mg of vitamin C/kg (group tjl12), as well as vitamin C-free supplemental basic diet (group tjl0), respectively. The four diets were fed to juvenile P. argenteus (average initial weight: 4.68 ± 0.93 g) for 6 weeks. The results showed that the activity of SOD (superoxide dismutase) and CAT (catalase) increased significantly while that of MDA (malondialdehyde) decreased significantly in group tjl3 compared to vitamin group tjl0. At the genus level, groups tjl0, tjl6, and tjl12 contained the same dominant microbial community, Stenotrophomonas, Photobacterium, and Vibrio, whereas group tjl3 was dominated by Stenotrophomonas, Delftia, and Bacteroides. Among the fish fed with a basic diet containing 300 mg of vitamin C/kg, the intestines exhibited a notable abundance of probiotic bacteria, including lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus) and Bacillus. The abundance of Aeromonas in groups tjl3 and tjl6 was lower than that of the vitamin C-free supplemental basic diet group, whereas Aeromonas was not detected in group tjl12. In addition, a causative agent of the disease outbreak in cultured P. argenteus, Photobacterium damselae subsp. Damselae (PDD) was the dominant microbiota community in groups tjl0, tjl6 and tjl12, whereas the abundance of PDD in group tjl3 was the lowest among the diets. Taken together, the diets supplied with vitamin C could influence the composition microbial community of P. argenteus. The low level of vitamin C (300 mg of vitamin C/kg per basic diet) supplementation could not only improve the antioxidant capacity but also resist the invasion of pathogenic bacteria.","['D000818', 'D001205', 'D000069196', 'D000975', 'D019587', 'D010473', 'D000821', 'D013482', 'D001419', 'D004032', 'D002374']"
38954692,Short term effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and probiotic L. salivarius WB21 on halitosis: A controlled and randomized clinical trial.,This study aimed to evaluate the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and the use of probiotics on the treatment of halitosis.,"['D006801', 'D006209', 'D019936', 'D000328', 'D010778', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000293', 'D055815', 'D000069996', 'D014059', 'D000890']"
38954690,"Geographical variations, prevalence, and molecular dynamics of fastidious phloem-limited pathogens infecting sugar beet across Central Europe.","In Europe, two fastidious phloem-limited pathogens, 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' (16SrXII-A) and 'Candidatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus', are associated with rubbery taproot disease (RTD) and syndrome basses richesses (SBR) of sugar beet, respectively. Both diseases can significantly reduce yield, especially when accompanied by root rot fungi. This study investigates the presence, geographic distribution and genetic traits of fastidious pathogens and the accompanying fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina, found on sugar beet across four geographically separated plains spanning seven countries in Central Europe. The survey revealed variable incidences of symptoms linked to these fastidious pathogens in the Pannonian and Wallachian Plains, sporadic occurrence in the North European Plain, and no symptomatic sugar beet in the Bohemian Plain. Molecular analyses unveiled the occurrence of both 'Ca. P. solani' and 'Ca. A. phytopathogenicus' throughout Central Europe, with a predominance of the phytoplasma. These fastidious pathogens were detected in all six countries surveyed within the Pannonian and Wallachian Plains, with only a limited presence of various phytoplasmas was found in the North European Plain, while no fastidious pathogens were detected in Bohemia, aligning with observed symptoms. While 16S rDNA sequences of 'Ca. P. solani' remained highly conserved, multi-locus characterization of two more variable loci (tuf and stamp) unveiled distinct variability patterns across the plains. Notably, the surprising lack of variability of tuf and stamp loci within Central Europe, particularly the Pannonian Plain, contrasted their high variability in Eastern and Western Europe, corresponding to epidemic and sporadic occurrence, respectively. The current study provides valuable insights into the genetic dynamics of 'Ca. P. solani' in Central Europe, and novel findings of the presence of 'Ca. A. phytopathogenicus' in five countries (Slovakia, Czech Republic, Austria, Serbia, and Romania) and M. phaseolina in sugar beet in Slovakia. These findings emphasize the need for further investigation of vector-pathogen(s)-plant host interactions and ecological drivers of disease outbreaks.","['D027461', 'D005060', 'D010935', 'D045582', 'D052585', 'D010802', 'D001203', 'D005843', 'D015995']"
38954678,The evolution of antimicrobial peptide resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is severely constrained by random peptide mixtures.,"The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens has become a major threat to public health, requiring swift initiatives for discovering new strategies to control bacterial infections. Hence, antibiotic stewardship and rapid diagnostics, but also the development, and prudent use, of novel effective antimicrobial agents are paramount. Ideally, these agents should be less likely to select for resistance in pathogens than currently available conventional antimicrobials. The usage of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), key components of the innate immune response, and combination therapies, have been proposed as strategies to diminish the emergence of resistance. Herein, we investigated whether newly developed random antimicrobial peptide mixtures (RPMs) can significantly reduce the risk of resistance evolution in vitro to that of single sequence AMPs, using the ESKAPE pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) as a model gram-negative bacterium. Infections of this pathogen are difficult to treat due the inherent resistance to many drug classes, enhanced by the capacity to form biofilms. P. aeruginosa was experimentally evolved in the presence of AMPs or RPMs, subsequentially assessing the extent of resistance evolution and cross-resistance/collateral sensitivity between treatments. Furthermore, the fitness costs of resistance on bacterial growth were studied and whole-genome sequencing used to investigate which mutations could be candidates for causing resistant phenotypes. Lastly, changes in the pharmacodynamics of the evolved bacterial strains were examined. Our findings suggest that using RPMs bears a much lower risk of resistance evolution compared to AMPs and mostly prevents cross-resistance development to other treatments, while maintaining (or even improving) drug sensitivity. This strengthens the case for using random cocktails of AMPs in favour of single AMPs, against which resistance evolved in vitro, providing an alternative to classic antibiotics worth pursuing.","['D011550', 'D000900', 'D000089882', 'D008826', 'D024881', 'D018441', 'D011552']"
38954457,"Lacticaseibacillus parahuelsenbergensis sp. nov., Lacticaseibacillus styriensis sp. nov. and Lacticaseibacillus zeae subsp. silagei subsp. nov., isolated from different grass and corn silage.","Four rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, facultative anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive lactic acid bacteria, designated as EB0058T, SCR0080, LD0937T and SCR0063T, were isolated from different corn and grass silage samples. The isolated strains were characterized using a polyphasic approach and EB0058T and SCR0080 were identified as Lacticaseibacillus zeae by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Based on whole-genome sequence-based characterization, EB0058T and SCR0080 were separated into a distinct clade from Lacticaseibacillus zeae DSM 20178T, together with CECT9104 and UD2202, whose genomic sequences are available from NCBI GenBank. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) values within the new subgroup are 99.9 % and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values are 99.3-99.9 %, respectively. In contrast, comparison of the new subgroup with publicly available genomic sequences of L. zeae strains, including the type strain DSM 20178T, revealed dDDH values of 70.2-72.5 % and ANI values of 96.2-96.6 %. Based on their chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, EB0058T and SCR0080 represent a new subspecies of L. zeae. The name Lacticaseibacillus zeae subsp. silagei subsp. nov. is proposed with the type strain EB0058T (=DSM 116376T=NCIMB 15474T). According to the results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, LD0937T and SCR0063T are members of the Lacticaseibacillus group. The dDDH value between the isolates LD0937T and SCR0063T was 67.6 %, which is below the species threshold of 70 %, clearly showing that these two isolates belong to different species. For both strains, whole genome-sequencing revealed that the closest relatives within the Lacticaseibacillus group were Lacticaseibacillus huelsenbergensis DSM 115425 (dDDH 66.5 and 65.9 %) and Lacticaseibacillus casei DSM 20011T (dDDH 64.1 and 64.9 %). Based on the genomic, chemotaxonomic and morphological data obtained in this study, two novel species, Lacticaseibacillus parahuelsenbergensis sp. nov. and Lacticaseibacillus styriensis sp. nov. are proposed and the type strains are LD0937T (=DSM 116105T=NCIMB 15471T) and SCR0063T (=DSM 116297T=NCIMB 15473T), respectively.","['D012336', 'D010802', 'D015373', 'D003313', 'D012820', 'D004269', 'D009693', 'D017422', 'D005227', 'D006109', 'D001482', 'D000073336', 'D000093622']"
38954148,Red cabbage extract immobilized in bacterial cellulose film as an eco-friendly sensor to monitor microbial contamination and gamma irradiation of stored cucumbers.,"The aim of the present study is to develop a pH-sensing biopolymer film based on the immobilization of red cabbage extract (RCE) within bacterial cellulose (BC) to detect contamination and gamma radiation exposure in cucumbers. The results obtained show a sensitivity to pH changes for RCE in its aqueous form and that incorporated within BC films (RCE-BC), both showed color change correlated to bacterial growth (R2 = 0.91), this was supported with increase in pH values from 2 to 12 (R2 = 0.98). RCE and RCE-BC exposure to gamma radiation (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 kGy) resulted in gradual decrease in color that was more evident in RCE aqueous samples. To sense bacterial contamination of cucumbers, the total count was followed at 0, 5, 10 and 15 days in cold storage conditions and was found to reach 9.13 and 5.47 log cfu/mL for non-irradiated and 2 kGy irradiated samples, respectively. The main isolates detected throughout this storage period were identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens, Erwinia sp. Pantoea agglomerans using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-ms (MALDI-TOF-MS). Bacterial growth in stored irradiated cucumbers was detected by color change within 5 and 10 days of storage, after which there was no evident change. This is very useful since contamination within the early days of storage cannot be sensed with the naked eye. This study is the first to highlight utilizing RCE and RCE-BC as eco-friendly pH-sensing indicator films for intelligent food packaging to detect both food contamination and gamma preservation for refrigerator stored cucumbers.","['D001937', 'D002482', 'D005720', 'D018553', 'D006863', 'D010936', 'D005516', 'D001419', 'D018857', 'D005506', 'D061353', 'D005514', 'D015169']"
38954065,"Serotype distribution, antibiotic resistance, multilocus sequence typing, and virulence factors of invasive and non-invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in Northeast China from 2000 to 2021.","Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is a major public health concern with high morbidity and mortality rates. This study aimed to evaluate the serotype distribution, antimicrobial resistance changes, clonal composition, and virulence factors of S. pneumoniae isolates causing pneumococcal disease in northeast China from 2000 to 2021. A total of 1,454 S. pneumoniae isolates were included, with 568 invasive strains and 886 non-invasive strains. The patients from whom the S. pneumoniae were isolated ranged in age from 26 days to 95 years, with those ≤ 5 years old comprising the largest group (67.19%). 19 F, 19 A, 23 F, 14, and 6B were the most common serotypes, of which 19 A and 19 F were the main serotypes of invasive and non-invasive S. pneumoniae, respectively. CC271 was the most common multilocus sequence type. Serotype 14 had the lowest expression of cbpA, rrgA, and psrP genes, but expression levels of 19 A and 19 F genes were similar. All isolates were sensitive to ertapenem, moxifloxacin, linezolid, and vancomycin but highly resistant to macrolides, tetracyclines, and cotrimoxazole. Simultaneous resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was common pattern among multidrug-resistant isolates. Non-invasive S. pneumoniae had higher resistance to β-lactam antibiotics than invasive strains. 19 A and 19 F were the main strains of penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae. The resistance rate of β-lactam antibiotics decreased from 2017 to 2021 compared to previous periods. Including PCV13 in the national immunization program can reduce the morbidity and mortality rates of pneumococcal disease effectively.","['D013296', 'D006801', 'D058885', 'D002681', 'D037521', 'D011008', 'D065288', 'D002675', 'D007223', 'D008875', 'D000293', 'D000900', 'D000328', 'D002648', 'D000368', 'D055815', 'D000369', 'D007231', 'D008826', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D024881', 'D024901']"
38954047,Analysis of the cell wall binding domain in bacteriocin-like lysin LysL from Lactococcus lactis LAC460.,"Wild-type Lactococcus lactis strain LAC460 secretes prophage-encoded bacteriocin-like lysin LysL, which kills some Lactococcus strains, but has no lytic effect on the producer. LysL carries two N-terminal enzymatic active domains (EAD), and an unknown C-terminus without homology to known domains. This study aimed to determine whether the C-terminus of LysL carries a cell wall binding domain (CBD) for target specificity of LysL. The C-terminal putative CBD region of LysL was fused with His-tagged green fluorescent protein (HGFPuv). The HGFPuv_CBDlysL gene fusion was ligated into the pASG-IBA4 vector, and introduced into Escherichia coli. The fusion protein was produced and purified with affinity chromatography. To analyse the binding of HGFPuv_CBDLysL to Lactococcus cells, the protein was mixed with LysL-sensitive and LysL-resistant strains, including the LysL-producer LAC460, and the fluorescence of the cells was analysed. As seen in fluorescence microscope, HGFPuv_CBDLysL decorated the cell surface of LysL-sensitive L. cremoris MG1614 with green fluorescence, whereas the resistant L. lactis strains LM0230 and LAC460 remained unfluorescent. The fluorescence plate reader confirmed the microscopy results detecting fluorescence only from four tested LysL-sensitive strains but not from 11 tested LysL-resistant strains. Specific binding of HGFPuv_CBDLysL onto the LysL-sensitive cells but not onto the LysL-resistant strains indicates that the C-terminus of LysL contains specific CBD. In conclusion, this report presents experimental evidence of the presence of a CBD in a lactococcal phage lysin. Moreover, the inability of HGFPuv_CBDLysL to bind to the LysL producer LAC460 may partly explain the host's resistance to its own prophage lysin.","['D013294', 'D002473', 'D001430', 'D004926', 'D049452', 'D000072417', 'D011993', 'D011485']"
38954045,A ratiometric SERS aptasensor based on catalytic hairpin self-assembly mediated cyclic signal amplification strategy for the reliable determination of E. coli O157:H7.,"A ratiometric SERS aptasensor based on catalytic hairpin self-assembly (CHA) mediated cyclic signal amplification strategy was developed for the rapid and reliable determination of Escherichia coli O157:H7. The recognition probe was synthesized by modifying magnetic beads with blocked aptamers, and the SERS probe was constructed by functionalizing gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) with hairpin structured DNA and 4-mercaptobenzonitrile (4-MBN). The recognition probe captured E. coli O157:H7 specifically and released the blocker DNA, which activated the CHA reaction on the SERS probe and turned on the SERS signal of 6-carboxyl-x-rhodamine (ROX). Meanwhile, 4-MBN was used as an internal reference to calibrate the matrix interference. Thus, sensitive and reliable determination and quantification of E. coli O157:H7 was established using the ratio of the SERS signal intensities of ROX to 4-MBN. This aptasensor enabled detection of 2.44 × 102 CFU/mL of E. coli O157:H7 in approximately 3 h without pre-culture and DNA extraction. In addition, good reliability and excellent reproducibility were observed for the determination of E. coli O157:H7 in spiked water and milk samples. This study offered a new solution for the design of rapid, sensitive, and reliable SERS aptasensors.","['D019453', 'D052157', 'D053768', 'D006046', 'D008892', 'D013059', 'D015374', 'D057230', 'D000818', 'D002384', 'D055029', 'D005506', 'D014871', 'D015203']"
38954028,"Marinobacter sediminicola sp. nov. and Marinobacter xiaoshiensis sp. nov., Isolated from Coastal Sediment.","Two Gram-stain-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, motile bacterial strains, designated F26243T and F60267T were isolated from coastal sediment in Weihai, China. Strains F26243T and F60267T were grown at 4-40 °C (optimum 33 °C), pH 7.0-9.5 and pH 6.5-9.5 (optimum at pH 7.0), in the presence of 1.0-7.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2.5%) and 1.0-12.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2.0%), respectively. The 16S rRNA gene sequences phylogenetic analysis showed that strains F26243T and F60267T are closely related to the genus Marinobacter and exhibited the highest sequence similarities to Marinobacter salexigens HJR7T (97.7% and 98.0%, respectively), the similarity between two isolates was 96.7%. Strains F26243T and F60267T displayed genomic DNA G + C content of 53.6% and 53.8%, respectively. When compared to the M. salexigens HJR7T, the average nucleotide identity (ANI) values were 83.7% and 84.1%, and the percentage of conserved proteins (POCP) values were 79.9% and 84.6%, respectively. Ubiquinone 9 (Q-9) was the only respiratory quinone detected in both isolates. The major cellular fatty acids (> 10.0%) were summed feature 3 (comprising C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c), C16:0 and C18:1ω9c. The polar lipid profiles of strains F26243T and F60267T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, aminophospholipid and one unidentified phospholipid. Based on genomic characteristics, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic, strains F26243T and F60267T represent two novel species of the genus Marinobacter, for which the names Marinobacter sediminicola sp. nov. and Marinobacter xiaoshiensis sp. nov. are proposed, the type strains are F26243T (= KCTC 92640T = MCCC 1H01345T) and F60267T (= KCTC 92638T = MCCC 1H01346T).","['D053520', 'D019015', 'D010802', 'D012336', 'D001482', 'D005227', 'D004269', 'D002681', 'D015373', 'D010743', 'D017422', 'D012623']"
38954017,"Microbial Nanotechnology for Precision Nanobiosynthesis: Innovations, Current Opportunities and Future Perspectives for Industrial Sustainability.","A new area of biotechnology is nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is an emerging field that aims to develope various substances with nano-dimensions that have utilization in the various sectors of pharmaceuticals, bio prospecting, human activities and biomedical applications. An essential stage in the development of nanotechnology is the creation of nanoparticles. To increase their biological uses, eco-friendly material synthesis processes are becoming increasingly important. Recent years have shown a lot of interest in nanostructured materials due to their beneficial and unique characteristics compared to their polycrystalline counterparts. The fascinating performance of nanomaterials in electronics, optics, and photonics has generated a lot of interest. An eco-friendly approach of creating nanoparticles has emerged in order to get around the drawbacks of conventional techniques. Today, a wide range of nanoparticles have been created by employing various microbes, and their potential in numerous cutting-edge technological fields have been investigated. These particles have well-defined chemical compositions, sizes, and morphologies. The green production of nanoparticles mostly uses plants and microbes. Hence, the use of microbial nanotechnology in agriculture and plant science is the main emphasis of this review. The present review highlights the methods of biological synthesis of nanoparticles available with a major focus on microbially synthesized nanoparticles, parameters and biochemistry involved. Further, it takes into account the genetic engineering and synthetic biology involved in microbial nanobiosynthesis to the construction of microbial nanofactories.","['D036103', 'D053758', 'D001419', 'D001709', 'D058615', 'D049329']"
38954014,Catabolism of 2-keto-3-deoxy-galactonate and the production of its enantiomers.,"2-Keto-3-deoxy-galactonate (KDGal) serves as a pivotal metabolic intermediate within both the fungal D-galacturonate pathway, which is integral to pectin catabolism, and the bacterial DeLey-Doudoroff pathway for D-galactose catabolism. The presence of KDGal enantiomers, L-KDGal and D-KDGal, varies across these pathways. Fungal pathways generate L-KDGal through the reduction and dehydration of D-galacturonate, whereas bacterial pathways produce D-KDGal through the oxidation and dehydration of D-galactose. Two distinct catabolic routes further metabolize KDGal: a nonphosphorolytic pathway that employs aldolase and a phosphorolytic pathway involving kinase and aldolase. Recent findings have revealed that L-KDGal, identified in the bacterial catabolism of 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose, a major component of red seaweeds, is also catabolized by Escherichia coli, which is traditionally known to be catabolized by specific fungal species, such as Trichoderma reesei. Furthermore, the potential industrial applications of KDGal and its derivatives, such as pyruvate and D- and L-glyceraldehyde, are underscored by their significant biological functions. This review comprehensively outlines the catabolism of L-KDGal and D-KDGal across different biological systems, highlights stereospecific methods for discriminating between enantiomers, and explores industrial application prospects for producing KDGal enantiomers. KEY POINTS: • KDGal is a metabolic intermediate in fungal and bacterial pathways • Stereospecific enzymes can be used to identify the enantiomeric nature of KDGal • KDGal can be used to induce pectin catabolism or produce functional materials.","['D013400', 'D053858', 'D005690', 'D005658', 'D001419', 'D004926', 'D013237']"
38953991,Integrated Information for Pathogenicity and Treatment of Spiroplasma.,"Spiroplasma, belonging to the class Mollicutes, is a small, helical, motile bacterium lacking a cell wall. Its host range includes insects, plants, and aquatic crustaceans. Recently, a few human cases of Spiroplasma infection have been reported. The diseases caused by Spiroplasma have brought about serious economic losses and hindered the healthy development of agriculture. The pathogenesis of Spiroplasma involves the ability to adhere, such as through the terminal structure of Spiroplasma, colonization, and invasive enzymes. However, the exact pathogenic mechanism of Spiroplasma remains a mystery. Therefore, we systematically summarize all the information about Spiroplasma in this review article. This provides a reference for future studies on virulence factors and treatment strategies of Spiroplasma.","['D013149', 'D000818', 'D006801', 'D037521', 'D014774', 'D016905', 'D010944']"
38953983,"Isolation, whole genome sequencing and application of a broad-spectrum Salmonella phage.","Salmonella is considered as one of the most common zoonotic /foodborne pathogens in the world. The application of bacteriophages as novel antibacterial agents in food substrates has become an emerging strategy. Bacteriophages have the potential to control Salmonella contamination.We have isolated and characterized a broad-spectrum Salmonella phage, SP154, which can lyse 9 serotypes, including S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Pullorum, S. Arizonae, S. Dublin, S. Cholerasuis, S. Chester, S. 1, 4, [5], 12: i: -, and S. Derby, accounting for 81.9% of 144 isolates. SP154 showed a short latent period (40 min) and a high burst size (with the first rapid burst size at 107 PFUs/cell and the second rapid burst size at approximately 40 PFUs/cell). Furthermore, SP154 activity has higher survival rates across various environmental conditions, including pH 4.0-12.0 and temperatures ranging from 4 to 50 °C for 60 min, making it suitable for diverse food processing and storage applications. Significant reductions in live Salmonella were observed in different foods matrices such as milk and chicken meat, with a decrease of up to 1.9 log10 CFU/mL in milk contamination and a 1 log10 CFU/mL reduction in chicken meat. Whole genome sequencing analysis revealed that SP154 belongs to the genus Ithacavirus, subfamily Humphriesvirinae, within the family Schitoviridae. Phylogenetic analysis based on the terminase large subunit supported this classification, although an alternate tree using the tail spike protein gene suggested affiliation with the genus Kuttervirus, underscoring the limitations of relying on a single gene for phylogenetic inference. Importantly, no virulence or antibiotic resistance genes were detected in SP154. Our research highlights the potential of using SP154 for biocontrol of Salmonella in the food industry.","['D012483', 'D000073336', 'D000818', 'D012475', 'D016679', 'D005516', 'D002645', 'D008892', 'D008460', 'D010802']"
38953888,"Nocardioides bizhenqiangii sp. nov. and Nocardioides renjunii sp. nov., isolated from soil and faeces of Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.","Two novel strain pairs (HM61T/HM23 and S-34T/S-58) were isolated from soil and the faeces of Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii) collected at the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of PR China. All four new isolates were aerobic, non-motile, Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, and short rod-shaped bacteria. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on the full-length 16S rRNA genes and 283 core genomic genes indicated that the four strains were separated into two independent branches belonging to the genus Nocardioides. Strains HM61T and HM23 were most closely related to Nocardioides pelophilus THG T63T (98.58 and 98.65 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Strains S-34T and S-58 were most closely related to Nocardioides okcheonensis MMS20-HV4-12T (98.89 and 98.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains HM61T and S-34T were 70.6 and 72.5 mol%, respectively. Strains HM61T, S-34T and the type strains of closely related species in the analysis had average nucleotide identity values of 75.4-90.5 % as well as digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between 20.1 and 40.8 %, which clearly indicated that the four isolates represent two novel species within the genus Nocardioides. The chemotaxonomic characteristics of strains HM61T and S-34T were consistent with the genus Nocardioides. The major fatty acids of all four strains were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1  ω8c or C18 : 1  ω9c. For strains HM61T and S-34T, MK-8(H4) was the predominant respiratory quinone, ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and the polar lipids profiles were composed of diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic data, we propose that strains HM61T and S-34T represent two novel species of the genus Nocardioides, respectively, with the names Nocardioides bizhenqiangii sp. nov. and Nocardioides renjunii sp. nov. The type strains are HM61T (=GDMCC 4.343T=JCM 36399T) and S-34T (=CGMCC 4.7664T=JCM 33792T).","['D010802', 'D012336', 'D012988', 'D001482', 'D018609', 'D005227', 'D004269', 'D015373', 'D017422', 'D005243', 'D000866', 'D000818', 'D009693', 'D002681', 'D000192', 'D010457', 'D010743']"
38953689,[Not Available].,"Group B Streptococcus (GBS) disease in neonates occurs in two forms: early-onset disease (EOD), (day 0-6), and late-onset disease (LOD), (day 7-90). This review investigates that risk-based intrapartum screening and antibiotics have reduced the incidence of EOD, but not LOD, in Denmark. No clinical or laboratory tests can rule out GBS disease at symptom onset. Thus, a high proportion of uninfected infants receive antibiotics, although this varies widely, and may be reduced by strategies of antibiotic stewardship. A future GBS vaccine for pregnant women may potentially reduce disease burden and antibiotic exposure.","['D006801', 'D013290', 'D007231', 'D013292', 'D000900', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D003718', 'D011251', 'D007223', 'D022541', 'D018445']"
38953266,[Research Progress of Helicobacter pylori-Associated Extragastric Diseases].,"Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a common Gram-negative bacillus causing gastrointestinal infections.It mainly exists on the surface of gastric epithelial cells and in mucus and is associated with gastric ulcers,gastric cancer,and gastric mucosa-associated lymphomas.Studies have shown that Hp can induce or exacerbate certain extragastric diseases and is associated with the occurrence of coronavirus disease 2019.It is hypothesized that Hp may be indirectly or directly involved in the occurrence and development of diseases by stimulating the production of inflammatory cytokines or inducing cross-immune reactions.In addition,Hp can enter Candida to release toxins continuously and play a role in escaping the recognition of the host immune system and the bactericidal effect of drugs.This article reviews the research progress in Hp-associated extragastric diseases in recent years,aiming to draw the attention of clinical workers to Hp-associated extragastric diseases and enrich the knowledge about Hp infection for formulating countermeasures to avoid the aggravation or triggering of other diseases by Hp.","['D006801', 'D016480', 'D016481', 'D000086382']"
38953021,An in vitro model system for testing chemical effects on microbiome-immune interactions - examples with BPX and PFAS mixtures.,"More than 350,000 chemicals make up the chemical universe that surrounds us every day. The impact of this vast array of compounds on our health is still poorly understood. Manufacturers are required to carry out toxicological studies, for example on the reproductive or nervous systems, before putting a new substance on the market. However, toxicological safety does not exclude effects resulting from chronic exposure to low doses or effects on other potentially affected organ systems. This is the case for the microbiome-immune interaction, which is not yet included in any safety studies.","['D006801', 'D000069196', 'D010636', 'D001559', 'D005466', 'D007963', 'D018920', 'D004785', 'D001419']"
38952992,Resistance mechanisms of cereal plants and rhizosphere soil microbial communities to chromium stress.,"Agricultural soils contaminated with heavy metals poison crops and disturb the normal functioning of rhizosphere microbial communities. Different crops and rhizosphere microbial communities exhibit different heavy metal resistance mechanisms. Here, indoor pot studies were used to assess the mechanisms of grain and soil rhizosphere microbial communities on chromium (Cr) stress. Millet grain variety 'Jingu 21' (Setaria italica) and soil samples were collected prior to control (CK), 6 hours after (Cr_6h), and 6 days following (Cr_6d) Cr stress. Transcriptomic analysis, high-throughput sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used for sample determination and data analysis. Cr stress inhibited the expression of genes related to cell division, and photosynthesis in grain plants while stimulating the expression of genes related to DNA replication and repair, in addition to plant defense systems resist Cr stress. In response to chromium stress, rhizosphere soil bacterial and fungal community compositions and diversity changed significantly (p < 0.05). Both bacterial and fungal co-occurrence networks primarily comprised positively correlated edges that would serve to increase community stability. However, bacterial community networks were larger than fungal community networks and were more tightly connected and less modular than fungal networks. The abundances of C/N functional genes exhibited increasing trends with increased Cr exposure. Overall, these results suggest that Cr stress primarily prevented cereal seedlings from completing photosynthesis, cell division, and proliferation while simultaneously triggering plant defense mechanisms to resist the toxic effects of Cr. Soil bacterial and fungal populations exhibited diverse response traits, community-assembly mechanisms, and increased expression of functional genes related to carbon and nitrogen cycling, all of which are likely related to microbial survival during Cr stress. This study provides new insights into resistance mechanisms, microbial community structures, and mechanisms of C/N functional genes responses in cereal plants to heavy metal contaminated agricultural soils. Portions of this text were previously published as part of a preprint (https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2891904/v1).","['D012988', 'D002857', 'D058441', 'D012989', 'D002523', 'D013312', 'D005658', 'D064307', 'D001419']"
38952990,Molecular characterization of Pectobacterium atrosepticum infecting potato and its management through chemicals.,"Potato farming is a vital component of food security and the economic stability especially in the under developing countries but it faces many challenges in production, blackleg disease caused by Pectobacterium atrosepticum (Pa) is one of the main reason for damaging crop yield of the potato. Effective management strategies are essential to control these losses and to get sustainable potato crop yield. This study was focused on characterizing the Pa and the investigating new chemical options for its management. The research was involved a systematic survey across the three district of Punjab, Pakistan (Khanewal, Okara, and Multan) to collect samples exhibiting the black leg symptoms. These samples were analyzed in the laboratory where gram-negative bacteria were isolated and identified through biochemical and pathogenicity tests for Pa. DNA sequencing further confirmed these isolates of Pa strains. Six different chemicals were tested to control blackleg problem in both vitro and vivo at different concentrations. In vitro experiment, Cordate demonstrated the highest efficacy with a maximum inhibition zones of 17.139 mm, followed by Air One (13.778 mm), Profiler (10.167 mm), Blue Copper (7.7778 mm), Spot Fix (7.6689 mm), and Strider (7.0667 mm). In vivo, Cordate maintained its effectiveness with the lowest disease incidence of 14.76%, followed by Blue Copper (17.49%), Air One (16.98%), Spot Fix (20.67%), Profiler (21.45%), Strider (24.99%), and the control group (43.00%). The results highlight Cordate's potential as a most effective chemical against Pa, offering promising role for managing blackleg disease in potato and to improve overall productivity.","['D011198', 'D044043', 'D010935', 'D010154']"
38952971,Utilization of ripe coconut water in the development of probiotic gelatin.,"Desserts with vegetable ingredients are a constantly expanding global market due to the search for alternatives to cow's milk. Fermentation of these matrices by lactic acid bacteria can add greater functionality to the product, improving its nutritional, sensory, and food safety characteristics, as well as creating bioactive components with beneficial effects on health. Concern for health and well-being has aroused interest in byproducts of the industry that have functional properties for the body, such as mature coconut water, a normally discarded residue that is rich in nutrients. This study aimed to develop a probiotic gelatin based on pulp and water from mature coconuts and evaluate the physicochemical characteristics, viability of the Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LR32 strain in the medium, as well as the texture properties of the product.","['D003059', 'D005780', 'D019936', 'D052201', 'D000975', 'D005285']"
38952965,Enhancing small-scale acetification processes using adsorbed Acetobacter pasteurianus UMCC 2951 on κ-carrageenan-coated luffa sponge.,"This study explored the utilization of luffa sponge (LS) in enhancing acetification processes. LS is known for having high porosity and specific surface area, and can provide a novel means of supporting the growth of acetic acid bacteria (AAB) to improve biomass yield and acetification rate, and thereby promote more efficient and sustainable vinegar production. Moreover, the promising potential of LS and luffa sponge coated with κ-carrageenan (LSK) means they may represent effective alternatives for the co-production of industrially valuable bioproducts, for example bacterial cellulose (BC) and acetic acid.","['D002351', 'D000091', 'D018533', 'D019342', 'D029776', 'D000327', 'D002482', 'D018441']"
38952688,Vibrational imaging of metabolites for improved microbial cell strains.,"Biomanufacturing utilizes modified microbial systems to sustainably produce commercially important biomolecules for use in agricultural, energy, food, material, and pharmaceutical industries. However, technological challenges related to non-destructive and high-throughput metabolite screening need to be addressed to fully unlock the potential of synthetic biology and sustainable biomanufacturing.","['D013059', 'D014732', 'D001419']"
38952675,Study on the Antibacterial Activity and Bone Inductivity of Nanosilver/PLGA-Coated TI-CU Implants.,"Implants are widely used in the field of orthopedics and dental sciences. Titanium (TI) and its alloys have become the most widely used implant materials, but implant-associated infection remains a common and serious complication after implant surgery. In addition, titanium exhibits biological inertness, which prevents implants and bone tissue from binding strongly and may cause implants to loosen and fall out. Therefore, preventing implant infection and improving their bone induction ability are important goals.","['D000818', 'D000900', 'D010012', 'D000077182', 'D051379', 'D013211', 'D020099', 'D017207', 'D004926', 'D002454', 'D019736', 'D000497', 'D051381', 'D014025', 'D012834', 'D049109', 'D003300', 'D008297', 'D055114', 'D002460', 'D053768']"
38952349,Evolution of blaKPC Under the Pressure of Carbapenems and Ceftazidime/Avibactam in a Patient With Persistent Bacteremia Caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae.,"A 30-year-old Korean man with myelodysplastic syndrome admitted hospital due to undifferentiated fever and recurrent skin lesions. He received combination therapy with high doses of meropenem, tigecycline and amikacin, yielding carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) harboring K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-2 from blood cultures on hospital day (HD) 23. Ceftazidime/avibactam was started at HD 37 and CRKP was eradicated from blood cultures after 5 days. However, ceftazidime/avibactam-resistant CRKP carrying KPC-44 emerged after 26 days of ceftazidime/avibactam treatment and then ceftazidime/avibactam-resistant, carbapenem-susceptible K. pneumoniae carrying KPC-135 was isolated on HD 65. The 3-D homology of KPC protein showed that hot spot changes in the omega loop could be attributed to ceftazidime/avibactam resistance and loss of carbapenem resistance. Whole genome sequencing of serial isolates supported that phenotypic variation was due to clonal evolution than clonal replacement. The treatment regimen was changed from CAZ/AVI to meropenem-based therapy (meropenem 1 g iv q 8 hours and amikacin 600 mg iv per day) starting with HD 72. CAZ/AVI-susceptible CRKP was presented again from blood cultures on HD 84, and the patient expired on HD 85. This is the first Korean report on the acquisition of ceftazidime/avibactam resistance through the emergence of blaKPC variants.","['D006801', 'D002442', 'D007711', 'D008297', 'D053961', 'D004338', 'D000328', 'D000900', 'D001618', 'D007710', 'D016470', 'D008826', 'D015780', 'D000073336', 'D001426', 'D000077731', 'D024901']"
38952327,Wireless Powered Microwave-Light Conversion Platform with Dual-Stimulus Nanoresponder Coating for Deep-Seated Photodynamic Therapy.,"Traditional external field-assisted therapies, e.g., microwave (MW) therapy and phototherapy, cannot effectively and minimally damage eliminate deep-seated infection, owing to the poor penetrability of light and low reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulation capability of MW. Herein, an implantable and wireless-powered therapeutic platform (CNT-FeTHQ-TS), in which external MW can be converted into internal light via MW wireless-powered light-emitting chips, is designed to eradicate deep-seated tissue infections by MW-induced deep-seated photodynamic therapy. In application, CNT-FeTHQ-TS is implanted at internal lesions, and the chip emits light under external MW irradiation. Subsequently, CNT-FeTHQ coating in the platform can respond to both MW and light simultaneously to generate ROS and MW-hyperthermia for rapid and precise sterilization at focus. Importantly, MW also improves the photodynamic performance of CNT-FeTHQ by introducing vacancies in FeTHQ to facilitate the photoexcitation process and changing the spin state of electrons to inhibit the complexation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, which were confirmed by simulation calculations and in situ MW-irradiated photoluminescence experiments. In vivo, CNT-FeTHQ-TS can effectively cure mice with Staphylococcus aureus infection in dorsal subcutaneous tissue. This work overcomes the key clinical limitations of safe energy transmission and conversion for treating deep-seated infections.","['D010778', 'D008872', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D017382', 'D059015', 'D017319', 'D008027', 'D013211', 'D013203', 'D008807', 'D000900']"
38952323,Protein Gas Vesicles of Bacillus megaterium as Enhancers of Ultrasound-Induced Transcriptional Regulation.,"Gas vesicles (GVs) are large cylindrical gas-filled protein assemblies found in diverse aquatic bacteria that enable their adaptation of buoyancy. GVs have already been used as ultrasound contrasting agents. Here, we investigate GVs derived from Bacillus megaterium, aiming to minimize the number of accessory Gvps within the GV gene cluster and demonstrate the use of GVs as enhancers of acoustic radiation force administered by ultrasound. Three (GvpR, GvpT, and GvpU) out of 11 genes in the cluster were found to be dispensable for functional GV formation, and their omission resulted in narrower GVs. Two essential proteins GvpJ and GvpN were absent from recently determined GV structures, but GvpJ was nevertheless found to be tightly bound to the cylindrical part of GVs in this study. Additionally, the N-terminus of GvpN was observed to play an important role in the formation of mature GVs. The binding of engineered GvpC fromAnabaena flos-aquae to HEK293 cells via integrins enhanced the acoustic force delivered by ultrasound and resulted in an increased Ca2+ influx into cells. Coupling with a synthetic Ca2+-dependent signaling pathway GVs efficiently enhanced cell stimulation by ultrasound, which expands the potentials of noninvasive sonogenetics cell stimulation.","['D001410', 'D006801', 'D057809', 'D001426', 'D000069453', 'D014158', 'D002118', 'D005786', 'D011506']"
38952319,[Auxiliary diagnostic value of T cells spot test of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection for pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis among the elderly].,To evaluate the auxiliary diagnostic value of T cells spot test of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (T-SPOT.TB) for pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis among the elderly.,"['D006801', 'D000368', 'D009169', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D014397', 'D008875', 'D014376', 'D000369', 'D013601', 'D012680', 'D000092225']"
38952277,Isolation of camel single domain antibodies against Yersinia pestis V270 antigen based on a semi-synthetic single domain antibody library and development of a VHH-based lateral flow assay.,"Antibodies have been proven effective as diagnostic agents for detecting zoonotic diseases. The variable domain of camel heavy chain antibody (VHH), as an antibody derivative, may be used as an alternative for traditional antibodies in existing immunodiagnostic reagents for detecting rapidly spreading infectious diseases.","['D000818', 'D015010', 'D002162', 'D061905', 'D000942', 'D010930', 'D007118', 'D000907']"
38952172,Determinants in the phage life cycle: The dynamic nature of ssDNA phage FLiP and host interactions under varying environmental conditions and growth phases.,"The influence of environmental factors on the interactions between phages and bacteria, particularly single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) phages, has been largely unexplored. In this study, we used Finnlakevirus FLiP, the first known ssDNA phage species with a lipid membrane, as our model phage. We examined the infectivity of FLiP with three Flavobacterium host strains, B330, B167 and B114. We discovered that FLiP infection is contingent on the host strain and conditions such as temperature and bacterial growth phase. FLiP can infect its hosts across a wide temperature range, but optimal phage replication varies with each host. We uncovered some unique aspects of phage infectivity: FLiP has limited infectivity in liquid-suspended cells, but it improves when cells are surface-attached. Moreover, FLiP infects stationary phase B167 and B114 cells more rapidly and efficiently than exponentially growing cells, a pattern not observed with the B330 host. We also present the first experimental evidence of endolysin function in ssDNA phages. The activity of FLiP's lytic enzymes was found to be condition-dependent. Our findings underscore the importance of studying phage ecology in contexts that are relevant to the environment, as both the host and the surrounding conditions can significantly alter the outcome of phage-host interactions.","['D004277', 'D001435', 'D005417', 'D000076662', 'D010450', 'D014779', 'D013696']"
38952168,Integration of individual preclinical and clinical anti-infective PKPD data to predict clinical study outcomes.,"The AIDA randomized clinical trial found no significant difference in clinical failure or survival between colistin monotherapy and colistin-meropenem combination therapy in carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative infections. The aim of this reverse translational study was to integrate all individual preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) data from the AIDA trial in a pharmacometric framework to explore whether individualized predictions of bacterial burden were associated with the trial outcomes. The compiled dataset included for each of the 207 patients was (i) information on the infecting Acinetobacter baumannii isolate (minimum inhibitory concentration, checkerboard assay data, and fitness in a murine model), (ii) colistin plasma concentrations and colistin and meropenem dosing history, and (iii) disease scores and demographics. The individual information was integrated into PKPD models, and the predicted change in bacterial count at 24 h for each patient, as well as patient characteristics, was correlated with clinical outcomes using logistic regression. The in vivo fitness was the most important factor for change in bacterial count. A model-predicted growth at 24 h of ≥2-log10 (164/207) correlated positively with clinical failure (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 2.01). The aOR for one unit increase of other significant predictors were 1.24 for SOFA score, 1.19 for Charlson comorbidity index, and 1.01 for age. This study exemplifies how preclinical and clinical anti-infective PKPD data can be integrated through pharmacodynamic modeling and identify patient- and pathogen-specific factors related to clinical outcomes - an approach that may improve understanding of study outcomes.","['D006801', 'D040981', 'D000077731', 'D008875', 'D008826', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000900', 'D003091', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D000818', 'D016896', 'D051379', 'D000151', 'D057170', 'D004359', 'D008954']"
38952121,Translational impacts of enzymes that modify ribosomal RNA around the peptidyl transferase centre.,"Large ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are modified heavily post-transcriptionally in functionally important regions but, paradoxically, individual knockouts (KOs) of the modification enzymes have minimal impact on Escherichia coli growth. Furthermore, we recently constructed a strain with combined KOs of five modification enzymes (RluC, RlmKL, RlmN, RlmM and RluE) of the 'critical region' of the peptidyl transferase centre (PTC) in 23S rRNA that exhibited only a minor growth defect at 37°C (although major at 20°C). However, our combined KO of modification enzymes RluC and RlmE (not RluE) resulted in conditional lethality (at 20°C). Although the growth rates for both multiple-KO strains were characterized, the molecular explanations for such deficits remain unclear. Here, we pinpoint biochemical defects in these strains. In vitro fast kinetics at 20°C and 37°C with ribosomes purified from both strains revealed, counterintuitively, the slowing of translocation, not peptide bond formation or peptidyl release. Elongation rates of protein synthesis in vivo, as judged by the kinetics of β-galactosidase induction, were also slowed. For the five-KO strain, the biggest deficit at 37°C was in 70S ribosome assembly, as judged by a dominant 50S peak in ribosome sucrose gradient profiles at 5 mM Mg2+. Reconstitution of this 50S subunit from purified five-KO rRNA and ribosomal proteins supported a direct role in ribosome biogenesis of the PTC region modifications per se, rather than of the modification enzymes. These results clarify the importance and roles of the enigmatic rRNA modifications.","['D010458', 'D004926', 'D012270', 'D014176', 'D029968', 'D012335', 'D012338', 'D007700']"
38952091,[Vitamin D3 alleviates the gastritis that associated with Helicobacter pylori infection in mice with hypercholesterolemia by enhancing the activity of vitamin D receptors in the liver tissue and blocking the signaling pathway of JAK/STAT3].,"Objective To investigate whether vitamin D3 (VD3) can alleviate Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection by reducing blood lipids and inhibiting the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3) signaling pathway. Methods High-cholesterol mouse model and Hp infected mouse model were established. Each was treated with VD3 via oral administration for 8 weeks. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), insulin-induced gene 2 (Insig-2), and gastrin mRNA. Western blot analysis was used to examine the expression of JAK, STAT3, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) proteins in gastric tissues. Biochemical analyses were performed to measure serum cholesterol levels, and ELISA was utilized to evaluate serum gastrin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-8 levels, along with histopathological examination of liver and gastric tissues using HE staining. Results After oral administration of VD3, the levels of VDR and Insig-2 in mouse liver tissue significantly increased in the high cholesterol group and the high cholesterol combined with Hp infection group. And the expression of serum gastrin decreased. The expression of JAK, STAT3 in gastric tissues reduced, as did the expression of COX2. Serum cholesterol levels decreased, with no significant changes in IL-6 levels, but a reduction in IL-8 levels. Compared to the control group, the high cholesterol combined with Hp infection group showed reduced hepatic ballooning degeneration and alleviated gastric tissue inflammation. In addition, inflammation in gastric tissue was also reduced in the cholesterol group and the Hp infection group. Conclusion VD3 alleviates gastritis by enhancing the activity of VDR in liver tissues, blocking the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway, and inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors.","['D000818', 'D016481', 'D050796', 'D002762', 'D018167', 'D015398', 'D008099', 'D051379', 'D053612', 'D005756', 'D008297', 'D016480', 'D006937']"
38951935,Microbial signatures and continuum in endometrial cancer and benign patients.,"Endometrial cancer is a multifactorial disease with inflammatory, metabolic and potentially microbial cues involved in disease pathogenesis. The endometrial cancer microbiome has been poorly characterised so far and studies have often overestimated bacterial biomass due to lack of integration of appropriate contamination controls. There is also a scarcity of evidence on the functionality of microbial microenvironments in endometrial cancer. This work addresses that knowledge gap by interrogating the genuine, contamination-free microbial signatures in the female genital tract and rectum of women with endometrial cancer and the mechanistic role of microbiome on carcinogenic processes.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D016889', 'D012336', 'D064307', 'D008875', 'D001419', 'D004717', 'D000368', 'D012007', 'D014621', 'D000328']"
38951884,RIBAP: a comprehensive bacterial core genome annotation pipeline for pangenome calculation beyond the species level.,"Microbial pangenome analysis identifies present or absent genes in prokaryotic genomes. However, current tools are limited when analyzing species with higher sequence diversity or higher taxonomic orders such as genera or families. The Roary ILP Bacterial core Annotation Pipeline (RIBAP) uses an integer linear programming approach to refine gene clusters predicted by Roary for identifying core genes. RIBAP successfully handles the complexity and diversity of Chlamydia, Klebsiella, Brucella, and Enterococcus genomes, outperforming other established and recent pangenome tools for identifying all-encompassing core genes at the genus level. RIBAP is a freely available Nextflow pipeline at github.com/hoelzer-lab/ribap and zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.10890871.","['D016680', 'D058977', 'D012984', 'D002002', 'D001419', 'D002689', 'D016983', 'D007709']"
38951840,Analysis of molecular epidemiological characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of vancomycin-resistant and linezolid-resistant Enterococcus in China.,This study investigates the distribution and characteristics of linezolid and vancomycin susceptibilities among Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) and explores the underlying resistance mechanisms.,"['D000069349', 'D006801', 'D002681', 'D008826', 'D016984', 'D016908', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D013293', 'D005260', 'D014640', 'D000900', 'D017720', 'D000328', 'D020713', 'D000368', 'D012189', 'D065507', 'D055815', 'D016983']"
38951813,A review on microbes mediated resource recovery and bioplastic (polyhydroxyalkanoates) production from wastewater.,"Plastic is widely utilized in packaging, frameworks, and as coverings material. Its overconsumption and slow degradation, pose threats to ecosystems due to its toxic effects. While polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) offer a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based plastics, their production costs present significant obstacles to global adoption. On the other side, a multitude of household and industrial activities generate substantial volumes of wastewater containing both organic and inorganic contaminants. This not only poses a threat to ecosystems but also presents opportunities to get benefits from the circular economy. Production of bioplastics may be improved by using the nutrients and minerals in wastewater as a feedstock for microbial fermentation. Strategies like feast-famine culture, mixed-consortia culture, and integrated processes have been developed for PHA production from highly polluted wastewater with high organic loads. Various process parameters like organic loading rate, organic content (volatile fatty acids), dissolved oxygen, operating pH, and temperature also have critical roles in PHA accumulation in microbial biomass. Research advances are also going on in downstream and recovery of PHA utilizing a combination of physical and chemical (halogenated solvents, surfactants, green solvents) methods. This review highlights recent developments in upcycling wastewater resources into PHA, encompassing various production strategies, downstream processing methodologies, and techno-economic analyses.","['D054813', 'D062065', 'D005285', 'D001419', 'D001673']"
38951812,Lipopeptides from Bacillus velezensis ZLP-101 and their mode of action against bean aphids Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris.,"Natural products are important sources for the discovery of new biopesticides to control the worldwide destructive pests Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris. Here, insecticidal substances were discovered and characterized from the secondary metabolites of the bio-control microorganism Bacillus velezensis strain ZLP-101, as informed by whole-genome sequencing and analysis.","['D000818', 'D001042', 'D001407', 'D055666', 'D007306', 'D005810', 'D064210', 'D010572', 'D000073336', 'D016680']"
38951792,Helicobacter Pylori infection in children with inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective multicenter study.,"The relationship between Helicobacter-pylori(Hp)infection and inflammatory-bowel-disease(IBD) in pediatric-patients remains controversial. We aimed to assess the Hp-infection occurrence in newly-diagnosed pediatric-patients with IBD compared to no-IBD patients. Additionally, we aimed to examine differences in clinical-activity-index(CAI) and endoscopic-severity-score(ESS)between IBD-patients with and without Hp-infection, at baseline and at 1-year-follow-up(FU), after eradication-therapy(ET).","['D006801', 'D016481', 'D002648', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000293', 'D011446', 'D016480', 'D002675', 'D003093', 'D003424', 'D012720', 'D015212', 'D005773', 'D005500', 'D000900']"
38951789,Interplay between photosynthetic electron flux and organic carbon sinks in sucrose-excreting Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 revealed by omics approaches.,"Advancing the engineering of photosynthesis-based prokaryotic cell factories is important for sustainable chemical production and requires a deep understanding of the interplay between bioenergetic and metabolic pathways. Rearrangements in photosynthetic electron flow to increase the efficient use of the light energy for carbon fixation must be balanced with a strong carbon sink to avoid photoinhibition. In the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, the flavodiiron protein Flv3 functions as an alternative electron acceptor of photosystem I and represents an interesting engineering target for reorganizing electron flow in attempts to enhance photosynthetic CO2 fixation and increase production yield.","['D046939', 'D010788', 'D013395', 'D001426', 'D002244', 'D004579', 'D040901', 'D002245']"
38951788,Taxonomic and phenotypic analysis of bifidobacteria isolated from IBD patients as potential probiotic strains.,"Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are a major public health issue with unclear aetiology. Changes in the composition and functionality of the intestinal microbiota are associated with these pathologies, including the depletion of strict anaerobes such as Feacalibacterium prausnitzii. Less evidence is observed for depletion in other anaerobes, among which bifidobacteria. This study characterized the taxonomic and functional diversity of bifidobacteria isolated from the human intestinal microbiota in active and non-active IBD patients by a culturomics approach and evaluated if these bifidobacteria might be used as probiotics for gut health.","['D006801', 'D019936', 'D001644', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D000069196', 'D015212', 'D055815', 'D000368', 'D003093', 'D003424', 'D010802', 'D005243', 'D012336', 'D010641', 'D000293', 'D000900']"
38951782,Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection correlates with high MFI donor-specific antibody development following lung transplantation with consequential graft loss and shortened CLAD-free survival.,"Donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) are common following lung transplantation (LuTx), yet their role in graft damage is inconclusive. Mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) is the main read-out of DSA diagnostics; however its value is often disregarded when analyzing unwanted post-transplant outcomes such as graft loss or chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). Here we aim to evaluate an MFI stratification method in these outcomes.","['D016040', 'D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D011552', 'D000328', 'D011550', 'D006084', 'D014019', 'D012189', 'D006085', 'D015331', 'D007518', 'D000368']"
38951769,fENko-Kae01 is a flagellum-specific jumbo phage infecting Klebsiella aerogenes.,"Klebsiella aerogenes is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a wide variety of infections. Due to the rising problem of antibiotic resistance, novel antibiotics and strategies to combat bacterial infections are needed. Host-specific bacteriophages are natural enemies of bacteria and can be used in phage therapy as an alternative form of treatment against bacterial infections. Jumbo phages are defined as phages with genomes larger than 200 kb. Relatively few studies have been done on jumbo phages compared to smaller phages.","['D001435', 'D016679', 'D005407', 'D021902', 'D058507', 'D000073336', 'D017900']"
38951607,Proton-pumping photoreceptor controls expression of ABC transporter by regulating transcription factor through light.,"Light is a significant factor for living organisms with photosystems, like microbial rhodopsin-a retinal protein that functions as an ion pump, channel, and sensory transduction. Gloeobacter violaceus PCC7421, has a proton-pumping rhodopsin gene, the Gloeobacter rhodopsin (GR). The helix-turn-helix family of transcriptional regulators has various motifs, and they regulate gene expression in the presence of various metal ions. Here, we report that active proton outward pumping rhodopsin interacted with the helix-turn-helix transcription regulator and regulated gene expression. This interaction is confirmed using ITC analysis (KD of 8 μM) and determined the charged residues required. During in vitro experiments using fluorescent and luciferase reporter systems, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and the self-regulation of G. violaceus transcriptional regulator (GvTcR) are regulated by light, and gene regulation is observed in G. violaceus using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. These results expand our understanding of the natural potential and limitations of microbial rhodopsin function.","['D018528', 'D008027', 'D015964', 'D014157', 'D000458', 'D017494', 'D001426', 'D025604', 'D012243']"
38951499,Time-calibrated phylogenetic and chromosomal mobilome analyses of Staphylococcus aureus CC398 reveal geographical and host-related evolution.,"An international collection of Staphylococcus aureus of clonal complex (CC) 398 from diverse hosts spanning all continents and a 30 year-period is studied based on whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. The collection consists of publicly available genomic data from 2994 strains and 134 recently sequenced Swiss methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) CC398 strains. A time-calibrated phylogeny reveals the presence of distinct phylogroups present in Asia, North and South America and Europe. European MRSA diverged from methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) at the beginning of the 1950s. Two major European phylogroups (EP4 and EP5), which diverged approximately 1974, are the main drivers of MRSA CC398 spread in Europe. Within EP5, an emergent MRSA lineage spreading among the European horse population (EP5-Leq) diverged approximately 1996 from the pig lineage (EP5-Lpg), and also contains human-related strains. EP5-Leq is characterized by staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) IVa and spa type t011 (CC398-IVa-t011), and EP5-Lpg by CC398-SCCmecVc-t011. The lineage-specific antibiotic resistance and virulence gene patterns are mostly mediated by the acquisition of mobile genetic elements like SCCmec, S. aureus Genomic Islands (SaGIs), prophages and transposons. Different combinations of virulence factors are present on S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs), and novel antimicrobial resistance gene containing elements are associated with certain lineages expanding in Europe. This WGS-based analysis reveals the actual evolutionary trajectory and epidemiological trend of the international MRSA CC398 population considering host, temporal, geographical and molecular factors. It provides a baseline for global WGS-based One-Health studies of adaptive evolution of MRSA CC398 as well as for local outbreak investigations.","['D000818', 'D055624', 'D013203', 'D010802', 'D006801', 'D000073336', 'D005060', 'D006736', 'D013211', 'D016680', 'D037521', 'D002876', 'D019143', 'D013552']"
38951487,Co-immobilization of whole cells and enzymes by covalent organic framework for biocatalysis process intensification.,"Co-immobilization of cells and enzymes is often essential for the cascade biocatalytic processes of industrial-scale feasibility but remains a vast challenge. Herein, we create a facile co-immobilization platform integrating enzymes and cells in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) to realize the highly efficient cascade of inulinase and E. coli for bioconversion of natural products. Enzymes can be uniformly immobilized in the COF armor, which coats on the cell surface to produce cascade biocatalysts with high efficiency, stability and recyclability. Furthermore, this one-pot in situ synthesis process facilitates a gram-scale fabrication of enzyme-cell biocatalysts, which can generate a continuous-flow device conversing inulin to D-allulose, achieving space-time yield of 161.28 g L-1 d-1 and high stability (remaining >90% initial catalytic efficiency after 7 days of continuous reaction). The created platform is applied for various cells (e.g., E. coli, Yeast) and enzymes, demonstrating excellent universality. This study paves a pathway to break the bottleneck of extra- and intracellular catalysis, creates a high-performance and customizable platform for enzyme-cell cascade biomanufacturing, and expands the scope of biocatalysis process intensification.","['D055162', 'D004926', 'D004800', 'D006026', 'D018914', 'D000073396', 'D012441']"
38951330,Scarless Baculovirus Genome Editing Using Lambda-Red Recombineering in E. coli.,"Baculoviruses are widely used for their potential as biological pesticide and as platform for the production of recombinant proteins and gene therapy vectors. The Baculovirus Expression Vector System (BEVS) is used for high level of expression of (multiple) proteins in insect cells. Baculovirus recombinants can be quickly constructed by transposition of the gene(s) of interest into a so-called bacmid, which is a baculovirus infectious clone maintained as single-copy, bacterial artificial chromosome in Escherichia coli. A two-step homologous recombineering technique using the lambda-red system in E. coli allows for scarless editing of the bacmid with PCR products based on sequence homology. In the first step, a selection cassette with 50 bp homology arms, typically generated by PCR, is inserted into the designated locus. In the second step, the selection cassette is removed based on a negative selection marker, such as SacB or rpsL. This lambda-red recombineering technique can be used for multiple gene editing purposes, including (large) deletions, insertions, and even single point mutations. Moreover, since there are no remnants of the editing process, successive modifications of the same bacmid are possible. This chapter provides detailed instructions to design and perform two-step homologous recombineering of baculovirus bacmid DNA in E. coli. We present two case studies demonstrating the utility of this technique for creating a deletion mutant of the chitinase and cathepsin genes and for introducing a single point mutation in the baculovirus gene gp41. This scarless genome editing approach can facilitate functional studies of baculovirus genes and improve the production of recombinant proteins using the BEVS.","['D000072669', 'D004926', 'D016367', 'D005822', 'D022202', 'D016679', 'D005818', 'D010582', 'D059765']"
38951285,Dual-recognition colorimetric platform based on porous Au@Pt nanozymes for highly sensitive washing-free detection of Staphylococcus aureus.,"A dual-recognition strategy is reported to construct a one-step washing and highly efficient signal-transduction tag system for high-sensitivity colorimetric detection of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The porous (gold core)@(platinum shell) nanozymes (Au@PtNEs) as the signal labels show highly efficient peroxidase mimetic activity and are robust. For the sake of simplicity the detection involved the use of a vancomycin-immobilized magnetic bead (MB) and aptamer-functionalized Au@PtNEs for dual-recognition detection in the presence of S. aureus. In addition, we designed a magnetic plate to fit the 96-well microplate to ensure consistent magnetic properties of each well, which can quickly remove unreacted Au@PtNEs and sample matrix while avoiding tedious washing steps. Subsequently, Au@PtNEs catalyze hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to oxidize 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) generating a color signal. Finally, the developed Au@PtNEs-based dual-recognition washing-free colorimetric assay displayed a response in the range of S. aureus of 5 × 101-5 × 105 CFU/mL, and the detection limit was 40 CFU/mL within 1.5 h. In addition, S. aureus-fortified samples were analyzed to further evaluate the performance of the proposed method, which yielded average recoveries ranging from 93.66 to 112.44% and coefficients of variation (CVs) within the range 2.72-9.01%. These results furnish a novel horizon for the exploitation of a different mode of recognition and inexpensive enzyme-free assay platforms as an alternative to traditional enzyme-based immunoassays for the detection of other Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria.","['D013211', 'D003124', 'D006046', 'D010984', 'D057230', 'D016062', 'D001560', 'D006861', 'D052157', 'D053768', 'D014640', 'D015374', 'D002384', 'D006801']"
38951210,Unveiling Agricultural Biotechnological Prospects: The Draft Genome Sequence of Stenotrophomonas geniculata LGMB417.,"Stenotrophomonas species are recognized as rhizobacteria that play a pivotal role in promoting plant growth by making substantial contributions to enhanced soil fertility, nutrient recycling, and phytopathogen control. Employing them as bioinputs constitutes an environmentally sound strategy, particularly within the rhizospheric community. This study revealed the draft genome sequence of Stenotrophomonas geniculata LGMB417, which was originally isolated from root samples of maize (Zea mays L.). This research assessed the potential of a bacterial strain at the molecular level through genome mining, aiming to identify genes with biotechnological significance for promoting plant growth and protection. The assembly findings indicate that strain LGMB417 possesses a genome size of 4,654,011 bp, with a G + C content of 66.50%. The draft genome sequence revealed the presence of gene clusters responsible for the synthesis of secondary metabolites and carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes), glycoside hydrolases (23), glycosyltransferases (18), carbohydrate esterases (5), polysaccharide lyases (2), carbohydrate-binding modules (2), and auxiliary activities (1). Several genes related to growth promotion were found in the genome, including those associated with phosphate transport and solubilization, nitrogen metabolism, siderophore production and iron transport, hormonal modulation, stress responses (such as to drought, temperature fluctuations, osmotic challenges, and oxidative conditions), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Subsequent phases will encompass investigations utilizing gene expression methodologies, with future explorations concentrating on facets pertinent to agricultural production, including comprehensive field studies.","['D016680', 'D003313', 'D020588', 'D001709', 'D001482', 'D018517', 'D012988', 'D000383', 'D010802', 'D005810']"
38951206,"Pleionea litopenaei sp. nov., isolated from the gastric tract of juvenile Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.","A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and motile strain HL-JVS1T, was isolated from the gastric tract of a juvenile Pacific white shrimp. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of strain HL-JVS1T revealed its affiliation with the genus Pleionea, with close relatives including Pleionea mediterranea MOLA115T (97.5%) and Pleionea sediminis S1-5-21T (96.2%). The complete genome of strain HL-JVS1T consisted of a circular 4.4 Mb chromosome and two circular plasmids (6.6 and 35.0 kb) with a G + C content of 43.1%. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain HL-JVS1T and the type strains of described Pleionea species were 69.7-70.4% and 18.3-18.6%, respectively. Strain HL-JVS1T grew at 10-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C) in the presence of 0.5 - 9.0% (w/v) sea salts (optimum, 2.0 - 2.5%), and at pH range of 5.5 - 10.0 (optimum, pH 6.5). The major fatty acids (> 10%) were summed feature 9 (iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl) (23.3%), iso-C16:0 (14.5%), iso-C11:0 3-OH (13.8%) and iso-C15:0 (11.0%). The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids, and two unidentified lipids. The respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8. The comprehensive phylogenetic, phylogenomic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic results showed that strain HL-JVS1T is distinct from other Pleionea species. Hence, we propose strain HL-JVS1T as a novel species belonging to the genus Pleionea, for which the name Pleionea litopenaei sp. nov. is proposed with HL-JVS1T (= KCCM 90514T = JCM 36490T) as the type strain.","['D000818', 'D033561', 'D010802', 'D001482', 'D012336', 'D005227', 'D004269', 'D015373', 'D009693', 'D017422', 'D016680', 'D058641', 'D041981', 'D010743']"
38951205,"Synthesis, fungal biotransformation, and evaluation of the antimicrobial potential of chalcones with a chlorine atom.","Chalcones are intermediate products in the biosynthesis of flavonoids, which possess a wide range of biological properties, including antimicrobial and anticancer activities. The introduction of a chlorine atom and the glucosyl moiety into their structure may increase their bioavailability, bioactivity, and pharmacological use. The combined chemical and biotechnological methods can be applied to obtain such compounds. Therefore, 2-chloro-2'-hydroxychalcone and 3-chloro-2'-hydroxychalcone were synthesized and biotransformed in cultures of two strains of filamentous fungi, i.e. Isaria fumosorosea KCH J2 and Beauveria bassiana KCH J1.5 to obtain their novel glycosylated derivatives. Pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness, and biological activity of them were predicted using cheminformatics tools. 2-Chloro-2'-hydroxychalcone, 3-chloro-2'-hydroxychalcone, their main glycosylation products, and 2'-hydrochychalcone were screened for antimicrobial activity against several microbial strains. The growth of Escherichia coli 10,536 was completely inhibited by chalcones with a chlorine atom and 3-chlorodihydrochalcone 2'-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside. The strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa DSM 939 was the most resistant to the action of the tested compounds. However, chalcone aglycones and glycosides with a chlorine atom almost completely inhibited the growth of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus DSM 799 and yeast Candida albicans DSM 1386. The tested compounds had different effects on lactic acid bacteria depending on the tested species. In general, chlorinated chalcones were more effective in the inhibition of the tested microbial strains than their unchlorinated counterparts and aglycones were a little more effective than their glycosides.","['D047188', 'D002713', 'D000890', 'D001711', 'D008826', 'D052982', 'D005658', 'D004926']"
38951204,Prediction of delayed graft function by early salivary microbiota following kidney transplantation.,"Delayed graft function (DGF) is a frequently observed complication following kidney transplantation (KT). Our prior research revealed dynamic shifts in salivary microbiota post-KT with immediate graft function (IGF), yet its behavior during DGF remains unexplored. Five recipients with DGF and 35 recipients with IGF were enrolled. Saliva samples were collected during the perioperative period, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed. The salivary microbiota of IGFs changed significantly and gradually stabilized with the recovery of renal function. The salivary microbiota composition of DGFs was significantly different from that of IGFs, although the trend of variation appeared to be similar to that of IGFs. Salivary microbiota that differed significantly between patients with DGF and IGF at 1 day after transplantation were able to accurately distinguish the two groups in the randomForest algorithm (accuracy = 0.8333, sensitivity = 0.7778, specificity = 1, and area under curve = 0.85), with Selenomonas playing an important role. Bacteroidales (Spearman's r =  - 0.4872 and p = 0.0293) and Veillonella (Spearmen's r =  - 0.5474 and p = 0.0125) were significantly associated with the serum creatinine in DGF patients. Moreover, the significant differences in overall salivary microbiota structure between DGF and IGF patients disappeared upon long-term follow-up. This is the first study to investigate the dynamic changes in salivary microbiota in DGFs. Our findings suggested that salivary microbiota was able to predict DGF in the early stages after kidney transplantation, which might help the perioperative clinical management and early-stage intervention of kidney transplant recipients. KEY POINTS: • Salivary microbiota on the first day after KT could predict DGF. • Alterations in salivary taxa after KT are related to recovery of renal function.","['D006801', 'D016030', 'D012463', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D064307', 'D008875', 'D012336', 'D051799', 'D000328', 'D001419']"
38951187,Polyphosphate Plays a Significant Role in the Maturation of Spores in Myxococcus xanthus.,"Myxococcus xanthus synthesizes polyphosphates (polyPs) with polyphosphate kinase 1 (Ppk1) and degrades short- and long-chain polyPs with the exopolyphosphatases, Ppx1 and Ppx2, respectively. M. xanthus polyP:AMP phosphotransferase (Pap) generates ADP from AMP and polyPs. Pap expression is induced by an elevation in intracellular polyP concentration. M. xanthus synthesized polyPs during the stationary phase; the ppk1 mutant died earlier than the wild-type strain after the stationary phase. In addition, M. xanthus cells cultured in phosphate-starved medium, H2O2-supplemented medium, or amino acid-deficient medium increased the intracellular polyP levels by six- to ninefold after 6 h of incubation. However, the growth of ppk1 and ppx2 mutants in phosphate-starved medium and H2O2-supplemented medium was not significantly different from that of wild-type strain, nor was there a significant difference in fruiting body formation and sporulation in starvation condition. During development, no difference was observed in the adenylate energy charge (AEC) values in the wild-type, ppk1 mutant, and pap mutant strains until the second day of development. However, after day 3, the ppk1 and pap mutants had a lower ADP ratio and a higher AMP ratio compared to wild-type strain, and as a result, the AEC values of these mutants were lower than those of the wild-type strain. Spores of ppk1 and pap mutants in the nutrient medium germinated later than those of the wild-type strain. These results suggested that polyPs produced during development may play an important role in cellular energy homeostasis of the spores by being used to convert AMP to ADP via Pap.","['D011122', 'D016941', 'D013171', 'D001426', 'D017856', 'D017766', 'D003470']"
38951186,In vivo cloning of PCR product via site-specific recombination in Escherichia coli.,"Over the past years, several methods have been developed for gene cloning. Choosing a cloning strategy depends on various factors, among which simplicity and affordability have always been considered. The aim of this study, on the one hand, is to simplify gene cloning by skipping in vitro assembly reactions and, on the other hand, to reduce costs by eliminating relatively expensive materials. We investigated a cloning system using Escherichia coli harboring two plasmids, pLP-AmpR and pScissors-CmR. The pLP-AmpR contains a landing pad (LP) consisting of two genes (λ int and λ gam) that allow the replacement of the transformed linear DNA using site-specific recombination. After the replacement process, the inducible expressing SpCas9 and specific sgRNA from the pScissors-CmR (CRISPR/Cas9) vector leads to the removal of non-recombinant pLP-AmpR plasmids. The function of LP was explored by directly transforming PCR products. The pScissors-CmR plasmid was evaluated for curing three vectors, including the origins of pBR322, p15A, and pSC101. Replacing LP with a PCR product and fast-eradicating pSC101 origin-containing vectors was successful. Recombinant colonies were confirmed following gene replacement and plasmid curing processes. The results made us optimistic that this strategy may potentially be a simple and inexpensive cloning method. KEY POINTS: •The in vivo cloning was performed by replacing the target gene with the landing pad. •Fast eradication of non-recombinant plasmids was possible by adapting key vectors. •This strategy is not dependent on in vitro assembly reactions and expensive materials.","['D004926', 'D003001', 'D010957', 'D011995', 'D016133', 'D005822', 'D064113']"
38951177,Sources and control of impurity during one-pot enzymatic production of dehydroepiandrosterone.,"Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has a promising market due to its capacity to regulate human hormone levels as well as preventing and treating various diseases. We have established a chemical esterification coupled biocatalytic-based scheme by lipase-catalyzed 4-androstene-3,17-dione (4-AD) hydrolysis to obtain the intermediate product 5-androstene-3,17-dione (5-AD), which was then asymmetrically reduced by a ketoreductase from Sphingomonas wittichii (SwiKR). Co-enzyme required for KR is regenerated by a glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) from Bacillus subtilis. This scheme is more environmentally friendly and more efficient than the current DHEA synthesis pathway. However, a significant amount of 4-AD as by-product was detected during the catalytic process. Focused on the control of by-products, we investigated the source of 4-AD and identified that it is mainly derived from the isomerization activity of SwiKR and GDH. Increasing the proportion of glucose in the catalytic system as well as optimizing the catalytic conditions drastically reduced 4-AD from 24.7 to 6.5% of total substrate amount, and the final yield of DHEA achieved 40.1 g/L. Furthermore, this is the first time that both SwiKR and GDH have been proved to be promiscuous enzymes with dehydrogenase and ketosteroid isomerase (KSI) activities, expanding knowledge of the substrate diversity of the short-chain dehydrogenase family enzymes. KEY POINTS: • A strategy of coupling lipase, ketoreductase, and glucose dehydrogenase in producing DHEA from 4-AD • Both SwiKR and GDH are identified with ketosteroid isomerase activity. • Development of catalytic strategy to control by-product and achieve highly selective DHEA production.","['D003687', 'D008049', 'D020578', 'D055162', 'D001412', 'D042843', 'D000735', 'D006868']"
38951173,Rapid evolution of colistin resistance in a bioreactor model of infection of Klebsiella pneumoniae.,"Colistin remains an important antibiotic for the therapeutic management of drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Despite the numerous reports of colistin resistance in clinical strains, it remains unclear exactly when and how different mutational events arise resulting in reduced colistin susceptibility. Using a bioreactor model of infection, we modelled the emergence of colistin resistance in a susceptible isolate of K. pneumoniae. Genotypic, phenotypic and mathematical analyses of the antibiotic-challenged and un-challenged population indicates that after an initial decline, the population recovers within 24 h due to a small number of ""founder cells"" which have single point mutations mainly in the regulatory genes encoding crrB and pmrB that when mutated results in up to 100-fold reduction in colistin susceptibility. Our work underlines the rapid development of colistin resistance during treatment or exposure of susceptible K. pneumoniae infections having implications for the use of cationic antimicrobial peptides as a monotherapy.","['D007711', 'D003091', 'D000900', 'D019149', 'D024881', 'D007710', 'D008826', 'D006801']"
38951169,Structure-based chemical ontology improves chemometric prediction of antibacterial essential oils.,"Plants are valuable resources for drug discovery as they produce diverse bioactive compounds. However, the chemical diversity makes it difficult to predict the biological activity of plant extracts via conventional chemometric methods. In this research, we propose a new computational model that integrates chemical composition data with structure-based chemical ontology. For a model validation, two training datasets were prepared from literature on antibacterial essential oils to classify active/inactive oils. Random forest classifiers constructed from the data showed improved prediction performance in both test datasets. Prior feature selection using hierarchical information criterion further improved the performance. Furthermore, an antibacterial assay using a standard strain of Staphylococcus aureus revealed that the classifier correctly predicted the activity of commercially available oils with an accuracy of 83% (= 10/12). The results of this study indicate that machine learning of chemical composition data integrated with chemical ontology can be a highly efficient approach for exploring bioactive plant extracts.","['D009822', 'D000900', 'D013211', 'D000069550', 'D008826', 'D000090022', 'D010936']"
38951168,"Thioclava litoralis sp. nov., a novel species of alphaproteobacterium, isolated from surface seawater.","A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, designated as FTW29T, was isolated from surface seawater sampled in Futian district, Shenzhen, China. Growth of strain FTW29T was observed at 15-42 ℃ (optimum, 28-30 ℃), pH 4.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 5.5-7.5) and in the presence of 0.5-10% NaCl (optimum, 3.0% NaCl). Strain FTW29T showed 95.0-96.8% 16 S rRNA gene sequence similarity to various type strains of the genera Thioclava, Sinirhodobacter, Rhodobacter, Haematobacter and Frigidibacter of the family Paracoccaceae, and its most closely related strains were Thioclava pacifica DSM 10,166T (96.8%) and Thioclava marina 11.10-0-13T (96.7%). The phylogenomic tree constructed on the bac120 gene set showed that strain FTW29T formed a clade with the genus Thioclava, with a bootstrap value of 100%. The evolutionary distance values between FTW29T and type strains of the genus Thioclava were 0.17-0.19, which are below the recommended standard (0.21-0.23) for defining a novel genus in the family Paracoccaceae. In strain FTW29T, the major fatty acids identified were summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c) and C16:0, and the predominant respiratory quinones were ubiquinone-10 and ubiquinone-9. The composition of polar lipids in strain FTW29T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified glycolipids and an unidentified lipid. The genome of strain FTW29T comprised one circle chromosome and six plasmids, with a G + C content of 61.4%. The average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity, and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FTW29T and seven type strains of the genus Thioclava were 76.6-78.4%, 53.2-56.4% and 19.3-20.4%, respectively. Altogether, the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic evidence illustrated in this study suggested that strain FTW29T represents a novel species of the genus Thioclava, with the proposed name Thioclava litoralis sp. nov. The type strain is FTW29T (= KCTC 82,841T = MCCC 1K08523T).","['D012623', 'D010802', 'D012336', 'D005227', 'D004269', 'D001482', 'D002681', 'D015373', 'D010743', 'D020561', 'D017422', 'D014451', 'D009693']"
38949867,Evidence of Lactobacillus strains shared between the female urinary and vaginal microbiota.,"Lactobacillus species are common inhabitants of the 'healthy' female urinary and vaginal communities, often associated with a lack of symptoms in both anatomical sites. Given identification by prior studies of similar bacterial species in both communities, it has been hypothesized that the two microbiotas are in fact connected. Here, we carried out whole-genome sequencing of 49 Lactobacillus strains, including 16 paired urogenital samples from the same participant. These strains represent five different Lactobacillus species: L. crispatus, L. gasseri, L. iners, L. jensenii, and L. paragasseri. Average nucleotide identity (ANI), alignment, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and CRISPR comparisons between strains from the same participant were performed. We conducted simulations of genome assemblies and ANI comparisons and present a statistical method to distinguish between unrelated, related, and identical strains. We found that 50 % of the paired samples have identical strains, evidence that the urinary and vaginal communities are connected. Additionally, we found evidence of strains sharing a common ancestor. These results establish that microbial sharing between the urinary tract and vagina is not limited to uropathogens. Knowledge that these two anatomical sites can share lactobacilli in females can inform future clinical approaches.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D014621', 'D007778', 'D064307', 'D020641', 'D016680', 'D010802', 'D014551', 'D000073336', 'D014556']"
38949726,Biocontrol potential of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria against plant disease and insect pest.,"Biological control is a promising approach to enhance pathogen and pest control to ensure high productivity in cash crop production. Therefore, PGPR biofertilizers are very suitable for application in the cultivation of tea plants (Camellia sinensis) and tobacco, but it is rarely reported so far. In this study, production of a consortium of three strains of PGPR were applied to tobacco and tea plants. The results demonstrated that plants treated with PGPR exhibited enhanced resistance against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae (PstDC3000). The significant effect in improving the plant's ability to resist pathogen invasion was verified through measurements of oxygen activity, bacterial colony counts, and expression levels of resistance-related genes (NPR1, PR1, JAZ1, POD etc.). Moreover, the application of PGPR in the tea plantation showed significantly reduced population occurrences of tea green leafhoppers (Empoasca onukii Matsuda), tea thrips (Thysanoptera:Thripidae), Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintanca) and alleviated anthracnose disease in tea seedlings. Therefore, PGPR biofertilizers may serve as a viable biological control method to improve tobacco and tea plant yield and quality. Our findings revealed part of the mechanism by which PGPR helped improve plant biostresses resistance, enabling better application in agricultural production.","['D000818', 'D010935', 'D014026', 'D044224', 'D010572', 'D028241', 'D007313', 'D061149', 'D060467', 'D063245', 'D061046', 'D006430']"
38949713,Analysis of Whole Genome Sequencing Data for Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants.,"Genomic sequencing has revolutionized microbial typing methods and transformed high-throughput methods in reference, clinical, and research laboratories. The detection of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) determinants using genomic methods can provide valuable information on the emergence of resistance. Here we describe an approach to detecting AMR determinants using an open access and freely available platform which does not require bioinformatic expertise.","['D000073336', 'D024881', 'D016680', 'D019295', 'D006801', 'D000900', 'D023281', 'D012984', 'D001419', 'D059014']"
38949712,Use of Whole Genome Sequencing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: From Sequence Data to Resistance Profiles.,"Whole genome sequencing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) isolates has been shown to provide accurate predictions for resistance and susceptibility for many first- and second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. However, bioinformatic pipelines and mutation catalogs to predict antimicrobial resistances in MTBC isolates are often customized and detailed protocols are difficult to access. Here, we provide a step-by-step workflow for the processing and interpretation of short-read sequencing data and give an overview of available analysis pipelines.","['D009169', 'D000073336', 'D008826', 'D006801', 'D000995', 'D019295', 'D016680', 'D024881', 'D009154', 'D014376']"
38949711,Use of Whole Genome Sequencing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing.,"Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is becoming an important diagnostic tool for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) isolates in many countries. WGS protocols usually start with the preparation of a DNA-library: the critical first step in the process. A DNA-library represents the genomic content of a DNA sample and consists of unique short DNA fragments. Although available DNA-library protocols come with manufacturer instructions, details of the entire process, including quality controls, instrument parameters, and run evaluations, often need to be developed and customized by each laboratory to implement WGS technology effectively. Here, we provide a detailed workflow for a DNA-library preparation based on an adapted Illumina protocol optimized for the reduction of reagent costs.","['D009169', 'D000073336', 'D008826', 'D016680', 'D006801', 'D000995', 'D015723', 'D004269', 'D014376', 'D059014']"
38949709,Improved Diagnosis and Treatment Monitoring of Tuberculosis Using Stool and the Tuberculosis Bacterial Load Assay (TB-MBLA).,"The diagnosis and monitoring of tuberculosis treatment is difficult as many patients are unable to produce sputum. This means that many patients are treated on the basis of clinical findings and consequently some will be exposed to anti-tuberculosis drugs unnecessarily. Moreover, for those appropriately on treatment and unable to produce a sputum sample, it will be impossible to monitor the response to treatment. We have shown that stool is a potential alternative sample type for diagnosis of tuberculosis. Currently, available protocols like the Xpert MTB/RIF use DNA as a target to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in stool but DNA survives long after the organism is dead so it is not certain whether a positive test is from an old or a partially treated infection. The TB MBLA only detects live organisms and thus, can be used to follow the response to treatment. In this chapter, we describe a protocol for TB-MBLA, an RNA-based assay, and apply it to quantify TB bacteria in stool.","['D005243', 'D009169', 'D006801', 'D058491', 'D014376', 'D000995', 'D004269', 'D013183']"
38949708,Quantifying Viable M. tuberculosis Safely Obviating the Need for High Containment Facilities.,"Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an infectious pathogen that requires biosafety level-3 laboratory for handling. The risk of transmission is high to laboratory staff, and to manage the organism safely, it is necessary to construct high containment laboratory facilities at great expense. This limits the application of tuberculosis diagnostics to areas where there is insufficient capital to invest in laboratory infrastructure. In this method, we describe a process of inactivating sputum samples by either heat or guanidine thiocyanate (GTC) that renders them safe without affecting the quantification of viable bacteria. This method eliminates the need for level 3 containment laboratory for the tuberculosis molecular bacterial load assay (TB-MBLA) and is applicable in low- and middle-income countries.","['D009169', 'D006801', 'D013861', 'D003264', 'D013183', 'D058491', 'D014376', 'D006146', 'D006358', 'D050296']"
38956353,"Anxiety, eating disorders and menstrual disturbances risk in Spanish elite female paddlers.","Affiliated athletes are frequently subject to higher levels of anxiety due to the intensity of training, competition and many other factors. This anxiety can cause alterations in their health, both physically and mentally, such as menstrual irregularities, eating disorders, etc. In this work we have analysed the anxiety levels of a population of female affiliated paddlers and the possible consequences for their health. The results showed that a third of the female paddlers analysed have a moderate/high risk of suffering from anxiety; and within this group, the less sporting experience the athlete has, the greater the probability is of suffering from anxiety. Moreover, almost half the total of the female paddlers suffers from menstrual dysfunction before an important competition, with this number rising among high performance athletes, even though three out of every four adjust their training schedule to their menstrual cycle. Less-experienced female athletes, who show higher anxiety levels, also present a greater risk of suffering from eating disorders.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D001068', 'D056352', 'D001007', 'D008599', 'D000328', 'D013030', 'D055815', 'D012307', 'D013177', 'D000293']"
38956291,Association between parental decisions regarding abortion and severity of fetal heart disease.,"The prenatal diagnosis of fetal heart disease potentially influences parental decision-making regarding pregnancy termination. Existing literature indicates that the severity, whether in complexity or lethality, significantly influences parental decisions concerning abortion. However, questions remain as to how fetal heart disease severity impacts parental decisions, given recent advancements in postsurgical outcomes. Therefore, we investigated risk factors associated with parents' decision-making regarding abortion following a prenatal diagnosis of fetal heart disease. Our analysis included 73 (terminated: n = 37; continued: n = 36) pregnancies with a fetal heart disease diagnosed before 22 weeks of gestation. Increased gestational age at diagnosis reduced the likelihood of parents' decision on termination (Model 1: adjusted odds ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval 0.89-0.99; Model 2: 0.95 0.90-0.997). Critical disease (5.25; 1.09-25.19) and concurrent extracardiac or genetic abnormalities (Model 1: 4.19, 1.21-14.53; Model 2: 5.47, 1.50-19.96) increased the likelihood of choosing abortion. Notably, complex disease did not significantly influence parental decisions (0.56; 0.14-2.20). These results suggest that parental decision-making regarding abortion may be influenced by earlier gestational age at diagnosis, the lethality of heart disease, and extracardiac or genetic abnormalities, but not its complexity if prenatal diagnosis and parental counseling are provided at a cardiovascular-specialized facility.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D000028', 'D003657', 'D000328', 'D010290', 'D011296', 'D005865', 'D006330', 'D006331', 'D012307', 'D005315', 'D008297', 'D012720']"
38956247,"""How"" web searches change under stress.","To adjust to stressful environments, people seek information. Here, we show that in response to stressful public and private events the high-level features of information people seek online alter, reflecting their motives for seeking knowledge. We first show that when people want information to guide action they selectively ask ""How"" questions. Next, we reveal that ""How"" searches submitted to Google increased dramatically during the pandemic (controlling for search volume). Strikingly, the proportion of these searches predicted weekly self-reported stress of ~ 17K individuals. To rule out third factors we manipulate stress and find that ""How"" searches increase in response to stressful, personal, events. The findings suggest that under stress people ask questions to guide action, and mental state is reflected in features that tap into why people seek information rather than the topics they search for. Tracking such features may provide clues regrading population stress levels.","['D006801', 'D013315', 'D020407', 'D057226', 'D000086382', 'D058873']"
38956228,Effects of temporary access to environmental enrichment on measures of laboratory mouse welfare.,"Laboratory mice are typically housed in ""shoebox"" cages with limited opportunities to engage in natural behaviour. Temporary access to environments with increased space and complexity (playpens) may improve mouse welfare. Previous work by our group has shown that mice are motivated to access and use these environments, but it is unknown how other aspects of welfare are impacted. Female C57BL/6J, BALB/cJ, and DBA/2J mice (n = 21; 7 mice per strain) were housed in mixed-strain trios and given temporary access to a large playpen with their cage mates three times per week. Control mice (n = 21; 7 mice per strain) remained in their home cages. Home cage behaviour (development of stereotypic behaviour over time, aggression following cage-changing) and anxiety tests were used to assess how playpen access impacted welfare. Contrary to our predictions, we found increased time spent performing stereotypies in playpen mice; this difference may be related to negative emotional states, increased motivation to escape the home cage, or active coping strategies. Playpen access resulted in strain-dependent improvements in aggression and some measures of anxiety. Aggression was lower for C57BL/6J mice in the playpen treatment following cage changing than it was for C57BL/6J control mice, while playpen mice, and particularly the C57BL/6J strain, spent more time in the center of the open field test and produced fewer fecal boli during anxiety testing, supporting other research showing that strain differences play an important role in behaviour and stress resiliency.","['D000818', 'D000827', 'D051379', 'D005260', 'D008810', 'D006799', 'D001522', 'D000374', 'D001007', 'D008807', 'D008811', 'D013239']"
38956137,Factors influencing psychological distress among breast cancer survivors using machine learning techniques.,"Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. Breast cancer patients experience significant distress relating to their diagnosis and treatment. Managing this distress is critical for improving the lifespan and quality of life of breast cancer survivors. This study aimed to assess the level of distress in breast cancer survivors and analyze the variables that significantly affect distress using machine learning techniques. A survey was conducted with 641 adult breast cancer patients using the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer tool. Participants identified various factors that caused distress. Five machine learning models were used to predict the classification of patients into mild and severe distress groups. The survey results indicated that 57.7% of the participants experienced severe distress. The top-three best-performing models indicated that depression, dealing with a partner, housing, work/school, and fatigue are the primary indicators. Among the emotional problems, depression, fear, worry, loss of interest in regular activities, and nervousness were determined as significant predictive factors. Therefore, machine learning models can be effectively applied to determine various factors influencing distress in breast cancer patients who have completed primary treatment, thereby identifying breast cancer patients who are vulnerable to distress in clinical settings.","['D006801', 'D001943', 'D005260', 'D000069550', 'D000073116', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D000079225', 'D011788', 'D013315', 'D000368', 'D003863', 'D011795']"
38956123,Behavioral and neural responses to social exclusion in women: the role of facial attractiveness and friendliness.,"The behavioral and neural responses to social exclusion were examined in women randomized to four conditions, varying in levels of attractiveness and friendliness. Informed by evolutionary theory, we predicted that being socially excluded by attractive unfriendly women would be more distressing than being excluded by unattractive women, irrespective of their friendliness level. Our results contradicted most of our predictions but provide important insights into women's responses to interpersonal conflict. Accounting for rejection sensitivity, P300 event-related potential amplitudes were largest when women were excluded by unattractive unfriendly women. This may be due to an expectancy violation or an annoyance with being excluded by women low on social desirability. An examination of anger rumination rates by condition suggests the latter. Only attractive women's attractiveness ratings were lowered in the unfriendly condition, indicating they were specifically punished for their exclusionary behavior. Women were more likely to select attractive women to compete against with one exception-they selected the Black attractive opponent less often than the White attractive opponent when presented as unfriendly. Finally, consistent with studies on retaliation in relation to social exclusion, women tended to rate competitors who rejected them as being more rude, more competitive, less attractive, less nice, and less happy than non-competitors. The ubiquity of social exclusion and its pointed emotional and physiological impact on women demands more research on this topic.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D055815', 'D001504', 'D000328', 'D012929', 'D012928', 'D033062', 'D018913', 'D000293', 'D005145']"
38956098,Heavy metal concentrations and clinical symptoms in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia related to cigarette smoking.,"In our study, blood concentrations of lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) and urine concentrations of thallium (Tl) were measured together with related symptoms of heavy metal poisoning in cigarette smoking volunteers diagnosed with schizophrenia, in cigarette smokers not diagnosed with schizophrenia, and in the control group of non-smokers and not diagnosed with schizophrenia volunteers. Our study was performed on 171 volunteers divided into the following subgroups: patients diagnosed with schizophrenia with at least 1 year of continuous cigarette smoking experience (56 participants), cigarette smokers not diagnosed with schizophrenia with at least one year of continuous smoking experience (58), and control group (not diagnosed with schizophrenia and non-smoking volunteers) (57). Smoking durations of cigarette smokers diagnosed with schizophrenia and cigarette smokers not diagnosed with schizophrenia are not similar (p = 0.431). Blood Pb, As, and Cd concentrations and urine Tl concentrations were the highest in the subgroup of cigarette smokers not diagnosed with schizophrenia, followed by the subgroup of cigarette smokers diagnosed with schizophrenia, and the control group. Only blood Pb concentrations were significantly higher (probability value p < 0.05) in the group of cigarette smokers not diagnosed with schizophrenia (5.16 μg/dL), comparing to the group of cigarette smokers diagnosed with schizophrenia (3.83 μg/dL) and to the control group (3.43 μg/dL). Blood Cd and As concentrations and urine Tl concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in cigarette smokers not diagnosed with schizophrenia than in the control group. The results revealed a statistically significant positive correlation (p < 0.001) in the cigarette smokers in the schizophrenia diagnosed group between blood Pb, blood As, and urine Tl concentrations and the duration of cigarette smoking.","['D006801', 'D012559', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D000073865', 'D007854', 'D002104', 'D008875', 'D019216', 'D001151', 'D013793', 'D016022']"
38956085,Healthcare resource utilization and economic burden of multiple sclerosis in Chinese patients: results from a real-world survey.,"Multiple sclerosis (MS) is uncommon in China and the standard of care is underdeveloped, with limited utilization of disease-modifying treatment (DMT). An understanding of real-world disease burden (including direct medical, non-medical, and indirect costs, such as loss of productivity), is currently lacking in this population. To investigate the overall burden of managing patients with MS in China, a cross-sectional survey of physicians and their consulting patients with MS was conducted in 2021. Physicians provided information on healthcare resource utilization (HCRU; consultations, hospitalizations, tests, medication) and associated costs. Patients provided data on changes in their life, productivity, and impairment of daily activities due to MS. Results were stratified by disease severity using generalized linear models, with a p value < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Patients with more severe disease had greater HCRU, including hospitalizations, consultations and tests/scans, and incurred higher direct and indirect costs and productivity loss, compared with those with milder disease. However, the use of DMT was higher in patients with mild disease severity. With the low uptake and limited efficacy of non-DMT drugs, Chinese patients with MS experience a high disease burden and significant unmet needs. Therapeutic interventions could help save downstream costs and lessen societal burden.","['D006801', 'D009103', 'D002681', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D017281', 'D008875', 'D003430', 'D017048', 'D010342', 'D006295', 'D011795', 'D006760', 'D012720', 'D000095225']"
38956031,Factors underlying the neurofunctional domains of the Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment assessed by a standardized neurocognitive battery.,"The Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA) is a neurobiologically-informed framework designed to understand the etiology and heterogeneity of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Previous studies validated the three neurofunctional domains of ANA: Incentive Salience (IS), Negative Emotionality (NE) and Executive Function (EF) using secondary data. The present cross-sectional observational study assessed these domains in an independent, prospective clinical sample. Adults across the drinking spectrum (N = 300) completed the ANA battery, a standardized collection of behavioral tasks and self-report assessments. Factor analyses were used to identify latent factors underlying each domain. Associations between identified domain factors were evaluated using structural equation models. Receiver operating characteristics analyses were used to determine factors with the strongest ability to classify individuals with problematic drinking and AUD. We found (1) two factors underlie the IS domain: alcohol motivation and alcohol insensitivity. (2) Three factors were identified for the NE domain: internalizing, externalizing, and psychological strength. (3) Five factors were found for the EF domain: inhibitory control, working memory, rumination, interoception, and impulsivity. (4) These ten factors showed varying degrees of cross-correlations, with alcohol motivation, internalizing, and impulsivity exhibiting the strongest correlations. (5) Alcohol motivation, alcohol insensitivity, and impulsivity showed the greatest ability in classifying individuals with problematic drinking and AUD. Thus, the present study identified unique factors underlying each ANA domain assessed using a standardized assessment battery. These results revealed additional dimensionality to the ANA domains, bringing together different constructs from the field into a single cohesive framework and advancing the field of addiction phenotyping. Future work will focus on identifying neurobiological correlates and identifying AUD subtypes based on these factors.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D003430', 'D000437', 'D056344', 'D009483', 'D009042', 'D008875', 'D011446', 'D007175', 'D055815', 'D016739', 'D004644', 'D005163']"
38955903,Self-Sampling by Adolescents at Home: Assessment of the Feasibility to Successfully Collect Blood Microsamples by Inexperienced Individuals.,"Blood microsampling has increasingly attracted interest in the past decades as a more patient-centric sampling approach, offering the possibility to collect a minimal volume of blood following a finger or arm prick at home. In addition to conventional dried blood spots (DBS), many different devices allowing self-sampling of blood have become available. Obviously, the success of home-sampling can only be assured when (inexperienced) users collect samples of good quality. Therefore, the feasibility of six different microsampling devices to collect capillary blood by inexperienced adolescents at home was evaluated. Participants (n = 95) were randomly assigned to collect blood (dried or liquid) at different time points using four of six different self-sampling devices (i.e., DBS, Mitra volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS), Capitainer B, Tasso M20, Minicollect tube and Tasso+ serum separator tube (SST)). The quality of the samples was visually inspected and analytically determined. Moreover, the participants' satisfaction was assessed via questionnaires. Although a majority succeeded based on the visual inspection, the success rate differed largely between the different devices. In general, the lowest success rate was obtained for the Minicollect tubes, although there is an opportunity and need for improvement for the other self-sampling devices as well. Hence, this also emphasizes the importance to assess the quality of samples collected by the target population prior to study initiation. In addition, visual classification by a trained individual was confirmed based on assessment of the analytical variability between replicates. Finally, self-sampling at home was overall (very) positively received by the participants.","['D006801', 'D005240', 'D000293', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D001800', 'D012648', 'D059788', 'D017060']"
38955892,Plasma metabolomic and lipidomic profiles accurately classify mothers of children with congenital heart disease: an observational study.,"Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital anomaly, representing a significant global disease burden. Limitations exist in our understanding of aetiology, diagnostic methodology and screening, with metabolomics offering promise in addressing these.","['D006801', 'D006330', 'D005260', 'D055432', 'D009035', 'D000081362', 'D000328', 'D002648', 'D008055', 'D002851', 'D055442', 'D008297', 'D011247', 'D013058']"
38955875,Clinical outcomes of laser hemorrhoidoplasty with feeding vessels suture ligation: a retrospective study in a single center.,"Laser hemorrhoidoplasty has demonstrated significant therapeutic effectiveness. To diminish postoperative bleeding and enhance overall outcomes, we have additionally adopted suture ligating the feeding vessels. This study aimed to understand the treatment outcomes and any associated complications.","['D006801', 'D006484', 'D008026', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D008297', 'D061865', 'D008875', 'D016896', 'D000328', 'D010149', 'D053685', 'D013536', 'D000368', 'D012008', 'D011183', 'D017060', 'D013537']"
38955839,Hidradenitis suppurativa and psychosocial well-being: a cross-sectional survey analysis from the All of Us research program.,"Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disease that often leads to decreased quality of life. Prior research assessing stress and discrimination related to stigmatization of those with HS is limited. The aim of this study was to examine the association between HS and the following factors related to psychosocial well-being: stress, discrimination, and loneliness. We performed secondary analysis of participants 18 years and older registered in the National Institutes of Health's All of Us Research Program in March 2024. The study sample was limited to individuals who had completed ≥ 1 of 4 psychosocial well-being surveys. Among 1,352 individuals with HS, 135 were included in the sample. Among 208,290 individuals without HS, 56,902 were included. The following surveys assessed loneliness, stress, perceived discrimination in everyday settings, and perceived discrimination in medical settings, respectively: the UCLA Loneliness Scale, Cohen Perceived Stress Scale, Everyday Discrimination Scale, and Discrimination in Medical Settings Scale. The association between HS and survey scores was modeled using multivariable linear regression adjusted for self-reported sex, self-reported race and ethnicity, age, and income. In an unadjusted model, those with HS reported a significantly higher degree of stress (MeanHS (SD) = 21.5 (4.74); Meannon-HS (SD) = 19.8 (3.98); p < 0.001), discrimination in everyday settings (MeanHS (SD) = 18.9 (8.16); Meannon-HS (SD) = 16.0 (7.06); p < 0.0001), and discrimination in healthcare settings (MeanHS (SD) = 1.77 (0.64); Meannon-HS (SD) = 1.56 (0.62); p < 0.001). After adjusting for sex, race, age, and income, the association between HS and discrimination in healthcare settings was non-significant; however, associations between HS and increased levels of perceived stress and everyday discrimination remained significant. Low survey completion rates and demographic differences between those who did and did not complete the study surveys may limit generalizability of results. Findings suggest that those with HS may benefit from regular screening for psychosocial well-being and provision of support resources.","['D006801', 'D017497', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D003430', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D013315', 'D008132', 'D011788', 'D014481', 'D057545', 'D011795', 'D055815', 'D000293']"
38955783,"Associations Between Suicidal Behaviour, Attitudes Towards Suicide, and Psychological Distress Among Students in a University in East Malaysia.","Suicidal behaviour can be influenced by attitudes towards suicide and psychological distress. This study aimed to investigate the associations between psychological distress, attitudes towards suicide, and suicidal behaviour and to determine the prevalence of suicidal behaviour among students of a public university in East Malaysia.","['D006801', 'D008296', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D013334', 'D055815', 'D014495', 'D000079225', 'D015995', 'D000328', 'D059020', 'D011795', 'D013405', 'D000293', 'D013406']"
38955778,Prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms and perceived stress in hospitalised patients with COVID-19.,COVID-19 infection is associated with significant depressive and anxiety symptoms and stress. We examined the prevalences of depressive and anxiety symptoms and perceived stress among patients with COVID-19.,"['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D015995', 'D007194', 'D008875', 'D013315', 'D003863', 'D001007', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D006760', 'D011569', 'D011446', 'D007902', 'D000086402']"
38955777,Patients with schizophrenia in Morocco during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal observational study.,"During the COVID-19 pandemic, social-distancing and confinement measures were implemented. These may affect the mental health of patients with mental disorders such as schizophrenia. This study examined the clinical course of patients with schizophrenia at a public hospital in Morocco during the COVID-19 pandemic.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D009018', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008137', 'D008875', 'D012559', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D011618', 'D014150', 'D000368', 'D055118', 'D011569', 'D003863', 'D000086402']"
38955747,[Expert consensus on the operating procedures for pulmonary angiography].,"Pulmonary angiography is an important invasive diagnostic technique for pulmonary vascular diseases. With the development of pulmonary vascular interventions, pulmonary angiography has been applied more frequently. We focused on the history of pulmonary angiography, anatomy of pulmonary artery, the indications and contraindications of pulmonary angiography, preoperative preparation, operating procedures, the interpretation of pulmonary angiography results and the prevention and management of complications, with the aim of standardizing the operating procedures of pulmonary angiography and improving the diagnosis of pulmonary vascular diseases.Recommendation 1:Given the complexity of pulmonary artery anatomy, pulmonary angiography should be performed in a variety of positions to clearly visualise the morphology of pulmonary artery lesions.Recommendation 2:Pulmonary angiography, as an invasive vascular procedure, should only be performed after the indications have been clearly established, the risks and benefits have been weighed, and informed consent has been obtained.Recommendation 3:Secondary hypertonic or isotonic iodinated contrast agents with iodine concentrations>300 mg/ml are recommended for pulmonary angiography.Recommendation 4:Pulmonary angiography may be performed using the digital subtraction angiography (DSA) mode or cine radiography mode, depending on the patient's cooperation in breath-holding and the needs of the interventional procedure.Recommendation 5:Pulmonary Flow Grade is recommended to depict the blood flow status of pulmonary artery.Recommendation 6:Following pulmonary angiography, the vital signs, oxygenation status and the condition of the puncture site should be closely monitored.","['D006801', 'D011651', 'D000792', 'D032921', 'D015901', 'D003287']"
38955746,[Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].,"The prevalence of pulmonary aspergillosis is increasing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and can manifest in different forms such as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). With the variations of individual conditions such as immune status, these forms of the disease may transform into each other or even overlap. Moreover, the atypical clinical manifestations and the limited use of invasive sampling techniques have posed a challenge to the diagnosis and treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with COPD. To provide recommendations for the management of pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with COPD and to construct a clinical workflow, the consensus panel reviewed the evidence and critically appraised the existing studies. As the majority of the recommendations were supported by low levels of evidence, the evidence levels were not listed in the consensus and the strong and weak recommendations were expressed as ""recommend"" and ""suggest"", respectively.Recommendations for COPD with IPA: The Panel recommends that high-resolution chest computed tomography (HRCT) be performed in patients suspected with IPA. If IPA cannot be excluded by CT scanning, mycological examination of sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is recommended. Bronchoscopy and BALF Aspergillus-related examination are recommended in COPD patients with respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea despite the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and systemic glucocorticoids and pulmonary infiltrates observed on chest CT. If the diagnosis is in doubt in patients with probable IPA, histopathological examination is recommended. In COPD patients with an acute infection of more than 10 days' duration, the Panel recommended the detection of Aspergillus-specific IgG antibodies in peripheral blood to aid in the diagnosis of IPA, especially in those who cannot obtain BALF. It is not recommended to initiate antifungal therapy based on clinical symptoms such as cough, fever, and dyspnea empirically in COPD patients. In critically ill patients (such as those admitted to ICU and those with respiratory failure) who are unresponsive to broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment and have imaging findings consistent with IPA, patients with HRCT or bronchoscopy findings consistent with airway invasive aspergillosis, patients with a history of oral or intravenous glucocorticoid use in the past 3 months, or patients with a history of airway Aspergillus infection or colonization, empirical antifungal therapy may be initiated after a comprehensive evaluation of Aspergillus infection risk, and at the same time, pathogen examination should be started as early as possible. Voriconazole, isavuconazole, and posaconazole are recommended as the first-line treatments for COPD with IPA. Echinocandins and amphotericin B may be used as alternative options. Antifungal treatment for COPD with IPA should be continued for at least 6-12 weeks. The duration of antifungal therapy should be determined based on clinical symptoms, pulmonary imaging, and microbiological test results. Significant lesion absorption and stabilization, as well as the elimination of related risk factors, are important references for discontinuation of treatment.Recommendations on COPD with CPA: Chest CT scan and dynamic observation are recommended for COPD with suspected CPA. Peripheral blood Aspergillus-specific IgG antibody testing is recommended in COPD patients with suspected CPA. For those who are difficult to diagnose by routine methods or need further differential diagnosis, pulmonary tissue histopathological examination is recommended. Oral itraconazole solution or voriconazole tablets are recommended as the first-line treatment options for COPD with CPA. Oral isavuconazole capsules or enteric-coated posaconazole tablets can be used as an alternative. Intravenous administration of echinocandins or amphotericin B (deoxycholate or lipid formulations) are suggested as a second-line treatment options in cases of triazole treatment failure, resistance, or intolerance. Antifungal treatment for COPD with CPA should be continued for at least 6 months, and for patients with CCPA for at least 9 months. In those with cavities communicating with the bronchial lumen, if systemic antifungal therapy is ineffective or cannot be tolerated due to adverse reactions, and surgery is also not feasible, the Panel suggests considering nebulized inhalation of amphotericin B and intracavitary injection of amphotericin B or azoles (voriconazole, itraconazole) to control recurrent hemoptysis.Recommendations on COPD with Aspergillus sensitization: When COPD patients present with refractory wheezing and/or rapid decline in lung function, it is recommended that an assessment for Aspergillus sensitization be performed, including Aspergillus-specific IgE, skin Aspergillus antigen test, Aspergillus-specific IgG, total IgE, blood eosinophil count, and sputum examination. The Panel recommends that antifungal therapy should not be routinely initiated in COPD patients with Aspergillus sensitization. For those who meet the diagnostic criteria for ABPA, antifungal therapy is suggested. The most commonly used medication is oral itraconazole solution, but other azoles such as voriconazole, isavuconazole and posaconazole enteric-coated tablets can also be chosen. The general course of antifungal therapy is 3-6 months.Recommendations on the use of glucocorticoids in COPD with pulmonary aspergillosis: In exacerbating COPD patients with secondary IPA or subacute invasive aspergillosis, the Panel suggests that the use of glucocorticoids should be controlled. For COPD patients with concomitant CPA who experience exacerbations with predominantly wheezing, it is suggested that short-term, low-dose glucocorticoids be considered on the basis of antifungal treatment to control symptoms. Glucocorticoid use for COPD exacerbations is suggested to be guided by peripheral blood eosinophil count. It is recommended to avoid systemic glucocorticoids and long-term or high-dose inhaled glucocorticoids (ICS) in stable COPD patients with concomitant CPA. In patients with concomitant Aspergillus sensitization and persistent wheezing despite standardized COPD treatment or patients with ABPA, the Panel recommends systemic glucocorticoids in combination with antifungal therapy and consideration of the use of ICS to reduce the dose of systemic glucocorticoids. Close monitoring for progression to IPA or subacute invasive aspergillosis is essential during treatment.","['D006801', 'D029424', 'D055732', 'D032921']"
38955679,[Interpretation of the international consensus guidelines for pediatric eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders beyond eosinophilic esophagitis].,2024年欧洲和北美儿科胃肠、肝病和营养学会发布了“儿童非食管嗜酸粒细胞性胃肠道疾病国际联合指南”，详细阐述了疾病的定义、流行病学、临床特征、诊治方法，为该病的临床实践提供了决策依据。本文对指南的主要内容进行解读。.,"['D006801', 'D002648', 'D004802', 'D057765', 'D004751', 'D017410', 'D032921', 'D005756', 'D005767']"
38955470,Are Differences Evident in the Ways Boys and Girls Appraise and Interpret Their Traumatic Experiences? A Qualitative Analysis of Youth Trauma Narratives.,"The purpose of this study was to explore potential similarities and differences in the ways boys and girls appraise and interpret their traumatic experiences, and better understand how gender roles, performance, and socialization processes may impact trauma experiences, appraisals, and narratives within the context of trauma-focused treatment. We used thematic analysis to analyze the trauma narratives of youth (N = 16) ages 8-16 who had experienced multiple types (M = 5.38) of child maltreatment and who were receiving Trauma-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to address clinically elevated posttraumatic stress symptoms. Four themes emerged: variations in the content of negative cognitions, differences in relational emotion, adoption of socially prescribed gender roles, and symptom differences. Although many similarities existed in youth's trauma narratives, differences emerged that point to the importance of social context and the ways gender role expectations and socialization processes influence youth's appraisal of and responses to traumatic events. Findings indicate the importance of considering distress tolerance, relational emotion, gender identity development, and role socialization within the treatment milieu.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000293', 'D002648', 'D013313', 'D002649', 'D036301', 'D000085402', 'D015928', 'D033262', 'D012951', 'D005783', 'D012737']"
38955469,"Bodily Autonomy and Trauma: Understanding the Nature of the Association Between Sexual Trauma, an External Locus of Control, and Depressive Symptoms.","There is growing evidence suggesting an increased perception of control is associated with reduced psychological distress among survivors of sexual trauma. The current study advances the extant literature by investigating the association between depressive symptoms, sexual trauma, and an external locus of control or the perception life events are outside one's own control. To do so, we analyze data from the New Family Structures Study, a nationally representative survey of U.S. adults ages 18-39. Results from ordinary least square regression analyses suggest sexual trauma and an external locus of control are associated with significantly greater depressive symptoms and that external control exacerbates the association between sexual trauma and depression. Such findings suggest future research should investigate environmental control for sexual trauma survivors in areas such as prenatal care and the justice system.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D007389', 'D008297', 'D003863', 'D055815', 'D000082002', 'D000293', 'D014481', 'D017741', 'D011795']"
38955450,"Assessing the prevalence and knowledge of anabolic steroid use in male athletes in Al Madina Al Munawara, Saudi Arabia.","To assess the prevalence of anabolic steroid use and the level of knowledge on anabolic steroids among the male athletes in Al Madina Al Munawara, Saudi Arabia.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D012529', 'D056352', 'D055815', 'D003430', 'D045930', 'D000293', 'D000328', 'D007722', 'D015995', 'D011795', 'D004300', 'D000094343']"
38955437,"The effect on back pain, anxiety, and comfort levels of an elevated supine position and back support applied to patients undergoing coronary angiography: A randomized controlled experimental study.","To determine the effect of elevated supine position with back support on back pain, anxiety and comfort in patients undergoing coronary angiography.","['D006801', 'D001007', 'D017023', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D016683', 'D001416', 'D000070659', 'D000368', 'D010147', 'D056888', 'D000328']"
38955410,Lived experiences of transgender and nonbinary people in the perioperative context: a qualitative study.,"Transgender and nonbinary (TNB) people experience obstacles that create barriers to accessing health care, including stigmatization and health inequities. Our intention was to describe the lived experiences of TNB patients and identify potential gaps in the education of health care professionals.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D036301', 'D000328', 'D063106', 'D002170', 'D008875', 'D006297', 'D000368', 'D057545', 'D055815']"
38955396,Randomised pilot study comparing a coach to SMARTPhone reminders to aid the management of heart failure (HF) patients: humans or machines.,"Ambulatory management of congestive heart failure (HF) continues to be a challenging clinical problem. Recent studies have focused on the role of HF clinics, nurse practitioners and disease management programmes to reduce HF readmissions. This pilot study is a pragmatic factorial study comparing a coach intervention, a SMARTPHONE REMINDER system intervention and BOTH interventions combined to Treatment as USUAL (TAU). We determined that both modalities were acceptable to patients prior to randomisation. Fifty-four patients were randomised to the four groups. The COACH group had no readmissions for HF 6 months after enrolment compared with 18% for the SMARTPHONE REMINDER Group, 8% for the BOTH intervention group and 13% for TAU. Medium-to-high medication adherence was maintained in all four groups although sodium consumption was lower at 3 months for the COACH and combined (BOTH) groups. This pilot study suggests a beneficial effect on rehospitalisation with the use of support measures including coaches and telephone reminders that needs confirmation in a larger trial.","['D006801', 'D006333', 'D010865', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D017010', 'D000068997', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D010359', 'D055118']"
38955366,"What does good care look like to people living with congenital heart disease in the 21st century? Qualitative online, asynchronous discussion forums.","As part of a wider study, our aim was to elicit perspectives of people with congenital heart disease (CHD) and/or their parents/carers about their experiences of healthcare and what is important to them when receiving care.","['D006801', 'D006330', 'D036301', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D006113', 'D010290', 'D000328', 'D017028', 'D003142', 'D008875', 'D018802', 'D000293', 'D055815']"
38955365,Just-in-time adaptive interventions for adolescent and young adult health and well-being: protocol for a systematic review.,"Health behaviours such as exercise and diet strongly influence well-being and disease risk, providing the opportunity for interventions tailored to diverse individual contexts. Precise behaviour interventions are critical during adolescence and young adulthood (ages 10-25), a formative period shaping lifelong well-being. We will conduct a systematic review of just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) for health behaviour and well-being in adolescents and young adults (AYAs). A JITAI is an emerging digital health design that provides precise health support by monitoring and adjusting to individual, specific and evolving contexts in real time. Despite demonstrated potential, no published reviews have explored how JITAIs can dynamically adapt to intersectional health factors of diverse AYAs. We will identify the JITAIs' distal and proximal outcomes and their tailoring mechanisms, and report their effectiveness. We will also explore studies' considerations of health equity. This will form a comprehensive assessment of JITAIs and their role in promoting health behaviours of AYAs. We will integrate evidence to guide the development and implementation of precise, effective and equitable digital health interventions for AYAs.","['D006801', 'D000293', 'D000078202', 'D055815', 'D015438', 'D012107', 'D006293', 'D015444']"
38955327,Biogeographic and seasonal differences in consumer pressure underlie strong predation in the tropics.,"Biotic interactions play a critical role in shaping patterns of global biodiversity. While several macroecological studies provide evidence for stronger predation in tropical regions compared with higher latitudes, results are variable even within the tropics, and the drivers of this variability are not well understood. We conducted two complementary standardized experiments on communities of sessile marine invertebrate prey and their associated predators to test for spatial and seasonal differences in predation across the tropical Atlantic and Pacific coastlines of Panama. We further tested the prediction that higher predator diversity contributes to stronger impacts of predation, using both direct observations of predators and data from extensive reef surveys. Our results revealed substantially higher predation rates and stronger effects of predators on prey in the Pacific than in the Atlantic, demonstrating striking variation within tropical regions. While regional predator diversity was high in the Atlantic, functional diversity at local scales was markedly low. Peak predation strength in the Pacific occurred during the wet, non-upwelling season when ocean temperatures were warmer and predator communities were more functionally diverse. Our results highlight the importance of regional biotic and abiotic drivers that shape interaction strength and the maintenance of tropical communities, which are experiencing rapid environmental change.","['D000818', 'D012621', 'D011235', 'D014329', 'D020387', 'D044822', 'D010176', 'D001267', 'D010140', 'D007448']"
38955230,Sexually antagonistic coevolution of the male nuptial gift and female feeding behaviour in decorated crickets.,"The evolution of nuptial gifts has traditionally been considered a harmonious affair, providing benefits to both mating partners. There is growing evidence, however, that receiving a nuptial gift can be actively detrimental to the female. In decorated crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus), males produce a gelatinous spermatophylax that enhances sperm transfer but provides little nutritional benefit and hinders female post-copulatory mate choice. Here, we examine the sexually antagonistic coevolution of the spermatophylax and the female feeding response to this gift in G. sigillatus maintained in experimental populations with either a male-biased or female-biased adult sex ratio. After 25 generations, males evolving in male-biased populations produced heavier spermatophylaxes with a more manipulative combination of free amino acids than those evolving in female-biased populations. Moreover, when the spermatophylax originated from the same selection regime, females evolving in male-biased populations always had shorter feeding durations than those evolving in female-biased populations, indicating the evolution of greater resistance. Across populations, female feeding duration increased with the mass and manipulative combination of free amino acids in the spermatophylax, suggesting sexually antagonistic coevolution. Collectively, our work demonstrates a key role for interlocus sexual conflict and sexually antagonistic coevolution in the mating system of G. sigillatus.","['D000818', 'D006135', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D005247', 'D012726', 'D000073930', 'D005075', 'D012744']"
38955229,A model of marmoset monkey vocal turn-taking.,"Vocal turn-taking has been described in a diversity of species. Yet, a model that is able to capture the various processes underlying this social behaviour across species has not been developed. To this end, here we recorded a large and diverse dataset of marmoset monkey vocal behaviour in social contexts comprising one, two and three callers and developed a model to determine the keystone factors that affect the dynamics of these natural communicative interactions. Notably, marmoset turn-taking did not abide by coupled-oscillator dynamics, but rather call timing was overwhelmingly stochastic in these exchanges. Our features-based model revealed four key factors that encapsulate the majority of patterns evident in the behaviour, ranging from internal processes, such as particular states of the individual driving increased calling, to social context-driven suppression of calling. These findings indicate that marmoset vocal turn-taking is affected by a broader suite of mechanisms than previously considered and that our model provides a predictive framework with which to further explicate this natural behaviour at both the behavioural and neurobiological levels, and for direct comparisons with the analogous behaviour in other species.","['D000818', 'D002144', 'D014828', 'D012919', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008954']"
38955225,Revisiting Perdeck's massive avian migration experiments debunks alternative social interpretations.,"Whether avian migrants can adapt to their changing world depends on the relative importance of genetic and environmental variation for the timing and direction of migration. In the classic series of field experiments on avian migration, A. C. Perdeck discovered that translocated juveniles failed to reach goal areas, whereas translocated adults performed 'true-goal navigation'. His translocations of > 14 000 common starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) suggested that genetic mechanisms guide juveniles into a population-specific direction, i.e. 'vector navigation'. However, alternative explanations involving social learning after release in juveniles could not be excluded. By adding historical data from translocation sites, data that was unavailable in Perdeck's days, and by integrated analyses including the original data, we could not explain juvenile migrations from possible social information upon release. Despite their highly social behaviour, our findings are consistent with the idea that juvenile starlings follow inherited information and independently reach their winter quarters. Similar to more solitarily migrating songbirds, starlings would require genetic change to adjust the migration route in response to global change.","['D000818', 'D025041', 'D046749', 'D012919', 'D012621']"
38955221,Exploring the midgut physiology of the non-haematophagous mosquito Toxorhynchites theobaldi.,"Toxorhynchites mosquitoes have an exclusively phytophagous feeding habit as adults, which leads to significant differences in their morphophysiology compared with haematophagous mosquitoes. However, the molecular mechanisms of digestion in this mosquito are not well understood. In this study, RNA sequencing of the posterior midgut (PMG) of the mosquito Toxorhynchites theobaldi was undertaken, highlighting its significance in mosquito digestion. Subsequently, a comparison was made between the differential gene expression of the PMG and that of the anterior midgut. It was found that the most abundant proteases in the PMG were trypsin and chymotrypsin, and the level of gene expression for enzymes essential for digestion (such as serine protease, α-amylase and pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase) and innate immune response (including catalase, cecropin-A2 and superoxide dismutase) was like that of haematophagous mosquitoes. Peritrophin-1 was detected in the entire midgut, with an elevated expression level in the PMG. Based on our findings, it is hypothesized that a non-haematophagic habit might have been exhibited by the ancestor of Tx. theobaldi, and this trait may have been retained. This study represents a pioneering investigation at the molecular level of midgut contents in a non-haematophagous mosquito. The findings offer valuable insights into the evolutionary aspects of feeding habits in culicids.","['D000818', 'D009033', 'D019476', 'D059467', 'D020869', 'D004064', 'D004063', 'D041981', 'D010802', 'D005247']"
38955213,Neuropsychological profile in tuberous sclerosis complex: a study of clinical and cognitive variables in a cohort from Brazil.," Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder with a wide clinical, cognitive, and behavioral expressivity.","['D006801', 'D014402', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002648', 'D009483', 'D000293', 'D000328', 'D055815', 'D001938', 'D002675', 'D008607', 'D003071', 'D004827', 'D000067877', 'D015331', 'D003072']"
38955212,"Age, but not education, affects social decision-making in the ultimatum game paradigm."," Social decision-making (SDM) is often studied through gaming paradigms, in which participants allocate resources among themselves and others based on predefined rules. In an adapted version of the ultimatum game (UG), SDM behavior was modulated in response to the degree of fairness of monetary offers and the social context of opponents, designed to generate either prosocial or punishing behaviors.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D055815', 'D003657', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000367', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D000293', 'D004522', 'D005717', 'D012919']"
38956189,The association between 2D:4D digit ratio and sex-typed play in children with and without siblings.,"The 2D:4D digit ratio is commonly used as a surrogate possibly reflecting prenatal testosterone levels. Indirect evidence comes from studies investigating the association between 2D:4D and human characteristics that likely relate to prenatal testosterone. In children, sex-typed play reveals large sex differences early in development and an influence of prenatal testosterone is likely. Findings on the association between 2D:4D and children's sex-typed play are heterogeneous and other influences on the development of sex-typed play have been suggested, most of all social influences like siblings, their sex and birth order. The current study examined the association between right and left 2D:4D, a proposed surrogate for prenatal testosterone exposure, which was assessed in right and left hands of N = 505 6-month-old children, and sex-typed play behavior, which was evaluated 3.5 years later using the Pre-School Activities Inventory (PSAI), and the influence of siblings. To capture differential effects of siblings' sex and birth order, dummy-coded variables were used reflecting having no siblings as well as older or younger sisters or brothers. Multiple regression models were used to investigate the association between PSAI scores and sex, right and left 2D:4D, being a singleton as well as having an older or younger sister or brother. It was shown that sex and having an older brother were significant predictors for sex-typed play. Effects were further disentangled by conducting separate regression analyses in boys and girls. In boys, a significant association between PSAI scores and having an older brother was revealed, in girls, no significant associations were found. Results are discussed highlighting the non-significant association between 2D:4D and children's sex-typed play, which weakens the applicability of 2D:4D as a surrogate reflecting influences of prenatal T. Further, the importance of social factors like siblings on children's sex-typed play is discussed.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D035781', 'D005385', 'D010988', 'D007223', 'D013739', 'D002675', 'D012727', 'D011247', 'D002648', 'D011297']"
38956147,Impact of visual and textural characteristics of street walls on stress recovery.,"Rapid urbanization increases psychological stress among pedestrians, potentially heightening mental health disorders. This study examines the role of street walls' visual and textural characteristics in stress recovery, using Qingdao as a case study. Virtual reality is employed to simulate five distinct street walls: yellow mortar, brown stone, red brick, green plant, and white mortar. The stress recovery effectiveness of these walls was evaluated through psychological and physiological indicators from 48 young college students. Results indicated that street walls with warm tones, particularly brown stone, significantly aid stress recovery. Psychologically, Restorative Components Scale was highest for brown stone at 1.13. Physiologically, it was linked with notable reductions in diastolic and pulse pressure (decreases of 2.95 mmHg and 2.27 mmHg, respectively), and enhanced parasympathetic activity, as evidenced by the fastest decrease in low frequency/high frequency ratio (LF/HF), and increases in pNN50 and RR (0.14-2.01% and 1.57-11.81 ms, respectively). For urban design, the incorporation of warm-toned materials and natural elements like stone is recommended for their superior restorative benefits.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D055815', 'D005260', 'D013315', 'D000328', 'D014507']"
38956144,Anxiety and sleep quality in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis: multiple mediating roles of hope and family function.,"The objective of this cross-sectional study was to examine the extent of sleep quality among individuals undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and to scrutinize whether hope and family function serve as mediators in the association between anxiety and sleep quality in this cohort. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit 227 patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis from two tertiary hospitals in Wuhan. Participants completed several self-report questionnaires, including the Sociodemographic questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Athens Insomnia Scale, Herth Hope Index, and Family APGAR Index. As per the findings of the chain mediation analysis, it was observed that the sleep quality scores were directly predicted by anxiety. Moreover, anxiety positively predicted sleep quality scores through hope and family function as mediators. The observed types of mediation were partial mediation. The total indirect effect value was 0.354, indicating the mediating effect of hope and family function, while the total effect value was 0.481, representing the overall effect of anxiety on sleep quality. The total effect size was 73.60% (0.354/0.481), indicating that the mediation accounted for a significant portion of the relationship. This study established the chain mediating effect of hope and family function between anxiety and sleep quality in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. The findings highlight the importance of addressing anxiety and promoting hope and family function to improve sleep quality in this population. The findings suggest that healthcare professionals should be attentive to the anxiety levels of these patients and implement targeted interventions to help alleviate anxiety, enhance hope, and improve family functioning, with the ultimate goal of improving sleep quality in this population.","['D006801', 'D006435', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D001007', 'D065026', 'D000089943', 'D003430', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D011795', 'D005190', 'D057566']"
38956070,Motor-sensory biases are associated with cognitive and social abilities in humans.,"Across vertebrates, adaptive behaviors, like feeding and avoiding predators, are linked to lateralized brain function. The presence of the behavioral manifestations of these biases are associated with increased task success. Additionally, when an individual's direction of bias aligns with the majority of the population, it is linked to social advantages. However, it remains unclear if behavioral biases in humans correlate with the same advantages. This large-scale study (N = 313-1661, analyses dependent) examines whether the strength and alignment of behavioral biases associate with cognitive and social benefits respectively in humans. To remain aligned with the animal literature, we evaluate motor-sensory biases linked to motor-sequencing and emotion detection to assess lateralization. Results reveal that moderate hand lateralization is positively associated with task success and task success is, in turn, associated with language fluency, possibly representing a cascade effect. Additionally, like other vertebrates, the majority of our human sample possess a 'standard' laterality profile (right hand bias, left visual bias). A 'reversed' profile is rare by comparison, and associates higher self-reported social difficulties and increased rate of autism and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. We highlight the importance of employing a comparative theoretical framing to illuminate how and why different laterization profiles associate with diverging social and cognitive phenotypes.","['D006801', 'D003071', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D007839', 'D000328', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D066107', 'D008875', 'D004644']"
38956048,A discrete subpopulation of PFC-LHb neurons govern cocaine place preference.,"Addiction is a complex behavioral disorder characterized by compulsive drug-seeking and drug use despite harmful consequences. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a crucial role in cocaine addiction, involving decision-making, impulse control, memory, and emotional regulation. The PFC interacts with the brain's reward system, including the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). The PFC also projects to the lateral habenula (LHb), a brain region critical for encoding negative reward and regulating the reward system. In the current study, we examined the role of PFC-LHb projections in regulating cocaine reward-related behaviors. We found that optogenetic stimulation of the PFC-LHb circuit during cocaine conditioning abolished cocaine preference without causing aversion. In addition, increased c-fos expression in LHb neurons was observed in animals that received optic stimulation during cocaine conditioning, supporting the circuit's involvement in cocaine preference regulation. Molecular analysis in animals that received optic stimulation revealed that cocaine-induced alterations in the expression of GluA1 subunit of AMPA receptor was normalized to saline levels in a region-specific manner. Moreover, GluA1 serine phosphorylation on S845 and S831 were differentially altered in LHb and VTA but not in the PFC. Together these findings highlight the critical role of the PFC-LHb circuit in controlling cocaine reward-related behaviors and shed light on the underlying mechanisms. Understanding this circuit's function may provide valuable insights into addiction and contribute to developing targeted treatments for substance use disorders.","['D000818', 'D017397', 'D003042', 'D008297', 'D012201', 'D019262', 'D009474', 'D018091', 'D062308', 'D019970', 'D009434', 'D051381', 'D016760', 'D010766', 'D017557', 'D001522']"
38955879,Ophthalmologists' perspectives on corneal transplantation and donation: a survey from Türkiye.,To evaluate ophthalmologists' interest and opinions regarding corneal transplantation and donation in Türkiye.,"['D006801', 'D016039', 'D009927', 'D000072163', 'D011795', 'D008297', 'D014019', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D001291', 'D014421', 'D003316', 'D005125']"
38955785,Resolution of Auditory Hallucinations After Right Temporal Haemorrhagic Stroke in a Patient With Clozapine-Resistant Schizoaffective Disorder: a Case Report.,"We present a young woman with clozapine-resistant schizoaffective disorder who was treated with maintenance electroconvulsive therapy and multiple antipsychotics but continued to have auditory hallucinations. She had a haemorrhagic stroke secondary to a ruptured arteriovenous malformation at the right superior temporal gyrus, which was excised during emergency craniotomy. Despite having neurological deficits after the stroke, she reported cessation of auditory hallucinations. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed Wallerian degeneration over the right temporal region. Personalised neuromodulation intervention may be a more effective treatment option for clozapine-resistant schizophrenia.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D006212', 'D003024', 'D011618', 'D000328', 'D014150', 'D000083302', 'D013702', 'D008279', 'D000090663']"
38955782,Parental Psychological Model for Children With Asthma and Its Mediating Role for Child Anxiety.,"Asthma is a common respiratory disease in children. Family factors play a role in its incidence and severity. This study investigated the effect of parental psychological flexibility, parental psychological adjustment to the child's illness, and parental psychological distress on the severity of asthma symptoms of children through mediating child anxiety.","['D006801', 'D001249', 'D002648', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D010290', 'D001007', 'D000223', 'D000328', 'D008960', 'D012720', 'D013315', 'D010287', 'D011795', 'D000079225', 'D002675', 'D000293']"
38955742,[Research progress on the effects of exposure to major persistent organic pollutants during pregnancy on the functional development of nervous system in children].,"Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) have the characteristics of resistance to environmental degradation, bioaccumulation and long-distance migration potential. Maternal exposure to POPs during pregnancy can enter the fetal blood circulation through the placental barrier, and have a potential impact on the functional development of the nervous system of the offspring. This in turn leads to the occurrence and development of neurological defects and diseases in adulthood. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the effects of exposure to three major POPs (organochlorine compounds, perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers) during pregnancy on the functional development of the nervous system (social emotions, cognition, language, exercise, and adaptability) in children, and to provide reference for subsequent studies.","['D011247', 'D006801', 'D005260', 'D011297', 'D002648', 'D009420', 'D000083462', 'D018811', 'D055768', 'D006843', 'D002657', 'D004785']"
38955680,"[Rankings for scientificity, transparency and applicability of Chinese pediatric guidelines and consensus published in the journals in 2022].",指南及共识作为临床实践指导文件，在临床诊疗中发挥着积极的作用，STAR儿科学专科委员会组织评级委员对2022年期刊发表的中国儿科领域指南和共识的质量进行评价。共纳入指南和共识96篇，其中共识居多有73篇（76%）。指南最高得分为96.63分，中位值为 64.59分；共识最高得分为63.18分，中位值为 28.05分。除可及性外，指南的其他条目得分率均高于共识。此外，部分领域得分率较低如“可及性”“计划书”，需重点关注及提升。.,"['D010372', 'D006801', 'D032921', 'D002681', 'D017410', 'D010506', 'D002648', 'D000095225']"
38954758,Navigating oneself through the eyes of the other - meanings of encountering ambulance clinicians while being in a suicidal process.,"The suicidal process contains both observable and non-observable phases, and patients have described the process as characterized by loneliness and darkness. Ambulance clinicians encounter patients in all phases of the suicidal process but little is known on what meaning this encounter has to the patients. The aim of this study was to elucidate meanings of encountering ambulance clinicians while being in a suicidal process.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000552', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D036301', 'D008132', 'D065026', 'D003142', 'D059020', 'D013405', 'D001291']"
38954754,Four-year longitudinal culinary and lifestyle medicine track for undergraduate medical students: development and implementation.,"The importance of culinary and lifestyle medicine education to combat the growing burden of chronic disease is gaining recognition in the United States. However, few medical schools offer in-depth training with a 4-year longitudinal track. The Culinary and Lifestyle Medicine Track (CLMT) is a 4-year curriculum thread created at West Virginia University School of Medicine to address the need for comprehensive culinary and lifestyle medicine education. CLMT teaches concepts of healthy nutrition, physical activity, stress management, and restorative sleep. CLMT students complete approximately 300 h of in-person and virtual culinary and lifestyle medicine education, including hands-on teaching kitchens, distributed over the preclinical and clinical years. Students are selected into the track prior to matriculation after an application and interview process. The students have exceeded expectations for scholarly and community activity. Track graduates have entered into primary care as well as specialty and surgical residencies, demonstrating that lifestyle education plays a role for students interested in a wide range of careers. Exit survey responses from learners reflected tangible and intangible benefits of participation and offered constructive feedback for improvement. Presented here are the components of the curricular design, implementation, and initial outcomes.","['D006801', 'D004504', 'D003479', 'D008019', 'D003296', 'D013337', 'D014903', 'D015444', 'D008137']"
38954722,Prevalence of major depressive disorder and its determinants among young married women and unmarried girls: Findings from the second round of UDAYA survey.,"Depression is a prevalent and debilitating mental illness affecting young women worldwide. This study aimed to identify psychosocial determinants of major depressive disorder (MDD) among young women in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D003865', 'D000293', 'D055815', 'D007194', 'D015995', 'D008393', 'D002648', 'D011795', 'D000328', 'D012847']"
38954716,Oral processing behavior and dental caries; an insight into a new relationship.,Previous evidence suggests an individual variation in the preferred oral processing behavior. Individuals can be classified as firm processing(FPL) or soft processing likers(SPL). FPL(crunchers and chewers) prefer using their teeth while SPL(smooshers and suckers) prefer using the tongue and the palate when processing different food items. Variation in the preferred oral processing behavior has been associated with differences in food texture preference and eating time. Time is one of the factors directly related to the development of dental caries(tooth decay). Oral retention and eating times are associated with greater caries experience. This study aims to explore if a relationship exists between the preferred oral processing behavior and the individual's caries experience.,"['D006801', 'D003731', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D003430', 'D011795', 'D055815', 'D008875', 'D005247', 'D005518', 'D007597']"
38954699,"Relationship between social cognition and emotional markers and acoustic-verbal hallucination in youth with post-traumatic stress disorder: Protocol for a prospective, 2-year, longitudinal case-control study.",Auditory-verbal hallucinatory experiences (AVH) have a 12% prevalence in the general pediatric population. Literature reports a higher risk of developing AVH in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The persistence of AVHs during adolescence represents a risk of evolution into psychotic disorders. Social cognition and emotional markers could be considered prodromes markers of this evolution. The objectives of this prospective observational study are to observe social cognition and emotional markers correlation with the presence and persistence of AVH over two years and with the evolution of PTSD and psychotic diagnosis.,"['D006801', 'D013313', 'D000293', 'D002648', 'D016022', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D011446', 'D008137', 'D004644', 'D006212', 'D000083282', 'D011618']"
38954688,"InCHARGE: Co-creating, implementing and evaluating interventions to utilize nurses' competence and achieve person-centred fundamental care-A research protocol describing an action research approach.",This research protocol presents an action research project with the aim to demonstrate the value of person-centred fundamental care to nurses and nurse managers in surgical care units to encourage a far-reaching change in this direction. The objectives are to describe this process and to evaluate the effects on missed nursing care and person-centred fundamental care.,"['D006801', 'D018802', 'D006302', 'D002983', 'D007857', 'D009726', 'D011795', 'D012107']"
38954686,What matters to you? An observational field study of patient and care provider expectations for health care relationships.,"Therapeutic connections (TC) between patients and providers are foundational to patient-centered care, which is co-produced between patients and care providers. This necessitates that we understand what patients expect from TCs, the extent to which providers know what patients expect, and what providers expect. The purpose of this study was to examine nine TC dimensions and determine which are most important to patients, which dimensions providers believe are most important to patients, and which are most important to providers. An online survey of patients (n = 388) and care providers (n = 433) was conducted in the USA in March 2021. Respondents rated the extent to which the nine TC dimensions were important to them, followed by open-ended questions to expand upon what matters. The quantitative responses were rank-ordered and rankings were compared across groups. All groups ranked ""having the patient's best interest in mind no matter what"" as the top expectation. Patients also ranked ""caring commitment"" and being ""on the same page"" as highly important. Providers were relatively accurate in ranking what they believed was most important to patients. Respondents affirmed the TC dimensions in the qualitative results, adding nuance and context, such as patients feeling ""heard"" and noting providers that go ""above and beyond."" Providers ranked dimensions differently for themselves, prioritizing ""full presence"" and ""emotional support"" of patients. This study is among the first to examine expectations for TC. TC could play an explanatory role in understanding variation in patient experience ratings and other outcomes.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D018802', 'D011795', 'D006282', 'D010817', 'D000368', 'D055815', 'D000293']"
38954676,Wood duck nest survival and duckling recruitment is minimally affected by interspecific brood parasitism from hooded mergansers and black-bellied whistling-ducks.,"In the southeastern United States, wood ducks (Aix sponsa) have historically experienced interspecific brood parasitism (IBP) primarily from hooded mergansers (Lophodytes cucullatus), but the recent northward expansion of black-bellied whistling-ducks (Dendrocygna autumnalis) has added a new complexity to these interactions. We monitored nest boxes in Louisiana to evaluate the influence IBP had on wood duck daily nest survival rate (after, DSR) and duckling recruitment. We monitored 1,295 wood duck nests from 2020-2023 and found 112 (8.7%) were parasitized by hooded mergansers and 148 (11.5%) by whistling-ducks. Parasitic egg-laying by hooded mergansers lowered wood duck DSR, while DSR for nests parasitized by whistling-ducks was comparable to clutches containing only wood duck eggs. We considered the wood duck capture histories of 2,465 marked female ducklings and 540 banded adult females to estimate a duckling recruitment probability for the entire study period. We recaptured 50 ducklings as adults; 6 (12.0%) hatched from clutches parasitized by hooded mergansers, 1 (2.0%) from a clutch parasitized by a whistling-duck, and 43 (86.0%) from clutches containing only wood duck eggs. The duckling recruitment probability was 0.039 (95% credible interval = 0.028, 0.051). Nest initiation date had a negative effect on recruitment, wherein most recruits hatched from nests initiated earlier in the season. Given only ~9% of wood duck nests contained hooded merganser eggs, we conclude IBP writ large had no detrimental effect on DSR at a population level. The lower DSR of clutches parasitized by hooded mergansers is potentially linked to a high abundance of early-season parasites that produce ""dump nests"" and these clutches are often abandoned without being incubated. Despite ongoing parasitism by hooded mergansers and the range expansion of whistling-ducks, wood duck productivity in Louisiana appears to be minimally affected by interspecific brood parasitism.","['D000818', 'D004372', 'D009425', 'D005260', 'D008145']"
38954625,Appearance Dissatisfaction and Body Dysmorphic Disorder in the Dermatology Patient.,"Dermatologists routinely see patients with inflammatory skin conditions and aesthetic concerns that involve substantial psychological comorbidity. However, most dermatologists do not receive formal training in this area, and many are unsure how to best help treat certain patients holistically. Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a common and distressing psychiatric condition that disproportionately impacts dermatology patients, including patients living with chronic inflammatory skin conditions such as acne and atopic dermatitis. BDD is characterized by preoccupation with nonexistent or minimally noticeable flaws in physical appearance that cause clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning. Adolescent populations may be particularly vulnerable to clinically significant body image dissatisfaction, including BDD, due to the high prevalence of acne and the pervasive role of social media platforms. The rise of social media may exacerbate body image issues through repetitive exposure to idealized and often unrealistic beauty standards. Though screening questionnaires can assist dermatologists in recognizing BDD, dermatologists must collaborate with mental health providers to provide comprehensive care to vulnerable patients, including adolescents.J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(7):545-550.&nbsp; doi:10.36849/JDD.8156.","['D006801', 'D057215', 'D000293', 'D001828', 'D000152', 'D000079182', 'D003880', 'D061108', 'D003876', 'D000072085']"
38954618,Sunscreen Use for Photoprotection in Skin of Color: A Literature Review.,"To understand the prevalence and types of publications addressing darker skin types within the existing evidence base for sunscreen use.&nbsp; Evidence Review: PubMed was searched from 1988, the time point at which the first skin of color (SOC) article was identified, through December 2022 using PubMed's Medical Subject Headings terms and keyword searches in title and abstract, with and without terms for SOC and ethnicity. Identified articles were reviewed for relevance, de-duplicated, and categorized; results are summarized.","['D006801', 'D013473', 'D012880', 'D007722', 'D014466']"
38954613,"Efficacy, Safety, Satisfaction, Adherence to Treatment With Nano-Formulated Cysteamine Tranexamic Acid Cream to Treat Melasma.","Melasma is a chronic pigmentary disorder. In this study, an innovative cream combining cysteamine and tranexamic acid (TXA) was assessed.","['D006801', 'D008548', 'D003543', 'D014148', 'D005260', 'D017060', 'D000328', 'D016896', 'D008875', 'D055118', 'D008297', 'D063465', 'D000279', 'D012720', 'D004338', 'D053758', 'D055815']"
38954611,Assessing the Impact of Visual and Audio Media on Sunscreen Use Among People of Color: Pre- and Post-Survey.,"Poor melanoma outcomes in people of color (POC) are attributed to a variety of factors, including healthcare literacy, socioeconomic status, and healthcare access barriers.&nbsp; Methods: We designed a survey to determine if visual and audio media (VAM) would increase POC's understanding of the need for sunscreen and their willingness to use it. Patients recruited at a dermatology clinic were asked to watch a 2.5-minute video on sun protection and complete a pre- and post-survey assessing their knowledge.","['D006801', 'D013473', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D007722', 'D006630', 'D011795', 'D012878', 'D057220', 'D001741', 'D008545', 'D000368', 'D010353', 'D014741', 'D055815']"
38954590,Maternal and foetal risks associated with teenage pregnancy - a comparative retrospective study in Turkey.,"Adolescent pregnancy is defined as pregnancy occurring in young women between the ages of 10 and 19 years. Adolescent pregnancies, which are among the social healthcare concerns in developed and developing countries, have negative effects on maternal and infant health. Pregnancy in adolescence puts the health of both the mother and child at risk, as adolescent pregnancies have higher rates of eclampsia, systemic infection, low birth weight, and preterm delivery compared to other pregnancies. In this study, the effects of education level, smoking, and marital status on maternal and foetal outcomes in adolescent pregnancies were evaluated.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D011253', 'D000293', 'D012189', 'D055815', 'D014421', 'D000328', 'D012307', 'D012907', 'D011256', 'D011225', 'D017533', 'D004522', 'D011248']"
38954558,Evolutionary Ensemble Learning for EEG-Based Cross-Subject Emotion Recognition.,"Electroencephalogram (EEG) has been widely utilized in emotion recognition due to its high temporal resolution and reliability. However, the individual differences and non-stationary characteristics of EEG, along with the complexity and variability of emotions, pose challenges in generalizing emotion recognition models across subjects. In this paper, an end-to-end framework is proposed to improve the performance of cross-subject emotion recognition. A novel evolutionary programming (EP)-based optimization strategy with neural network (NN) as the base classifier termed NN ensemble with EP (EPNNE) is designed for cross-subject emotion recognition. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated on the publicly available DEAP, FACED, SEED, and SEED-IV datasets. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method is superior to state-of-the-art cross-subject emotion recognition methods. The proposed end-to-end framework for cross-subject emotion recognition aids biomedical researchers in effectively assessing individual emotional states, thereby enabling efficient treatment and interventions.","['D006801', 'D004569', 'D004644', 'D012815', 'D016571', 'D000069550', 'D000465', 'D010363', 'D016208', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D008297']"
38954462,Atypical local and global biological motion perception in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.,"Perceiving biological motion (BM) is crucial for human survival and social interaction. Many studies have reported impaired BM perception in autism spectrum disorder, which is characterised by deficits in social interaction. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often exhibit similar difficulties in social interaction. However, few studies have investigated BM perception in children with ADHD. Here, we compared differences in the ability to process local kinematic and global configurational cues, two fundamental abilities of BM perception, between typically developing and ADHD children. We further investigated the relationship between BM perception and social interaction skills measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale and examined the contributions of latent factors (e.g. sex, age, attention, and intelligence) to BM perception. The results revealed that children with ADHD exhibited atypical BM perception. Local and global BM processing showed distinct features. Local BM processing ability was related to social interaction skills, whereas global BM processing ability significantly improved with age. Critically, general BM perception (i.e. both local and global BM processing) may be affected by sustained attentional ability in children with ADHD. This relationship was primarily mediated by reasoning intelligence. These findings elucidate atypical BM perception in ADHD and the latent factors related to BM perception. Moreover, this study provides new evidence that BM perception is a hallmark of social cognition and advances our understanding of the potential roles of local and global processing in BM perception and social cognitive disorders.","['D006801', 'D001289', 'D002648', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D009039', 'D000083505', 'D000293', 'D001288']"
38954461,"Impact Analysis of COVID-19 Pandemic on Hospital Reviews on Dianping Website in Shanghai, China: Empirical Study.","In the era of the internet, individuals have increasingly accustomed themselves to gathering necessary information and expressing their opinions on public web-based platforms. The health care sector is no exception, as these comments, to a certain extent, influence people's health care decisions. During the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, how the medical experience of Chinese patients and their evaluations of hospitals have changed remains to be studied. Therefore, we plan to collect patient medical visit data from the internet to reflect the current status of medical relationships under specific circumstances.","['D000086382', 'D006801', 'D002681', 'D020407', 'D058873', 'D006761', 'D017060', 'D000086402', 'D036262']"
38954447,Compassion is key to patient safety.,"Sam Foster, Executive Director of Professional Practice, Nursing and Midwifery Council, describes how compassionate leadership results in engaged and motivated staff, in turn leading to high-quality care.","['D004645', 'D006801', 'D061214', 'D006113', 'D007857']"
38954435,Detection of anxiety symptoms and disorders in older adults: a diagnostic accuracy systematic review.,Anxiety symptoms and disorders are common in older adults and often go undetected. A systematic review was completed to identify tools that can be used to detect anxiety symptoms and disorders in community-dwelling older adults.,"['D006801', 'D000368', 'D001007', 'D001008', 'D015577', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D057187', 'D011569', 'D015203', 'D000369', 'D000367', 'D011237']"
38954433,Digital Interventions to Modify Skin Cancer Risk Behaviors in a National Sample of Young Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial.,Young adults engage in behaviors that place them at risk for skin cancer. Dissemination of digital health promotion interventions via social media is a potentially promising strategy to modify skin cancer risk behaviors by increasing UV radiation (UVR) protection and skin cancer examinations.,"['D006801', 'D012878', 'D055815', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D061108', 'D006293', 'D000293', 'D012309']"
38954424,Linked lives: intergenerational transmission of labour-market pathways between parent dyads and children.,"While a vast number of studies confirm the transmission of labour-market disadvantages from one generation to the next, less is known about how parents' interconnected labour-market pathways co-evolve and shape the opportunities and obstacles for their children's future careers. This study uses a multidimensional view of intergenerational transmission by describing the most typical pathways of parents' occupational careers and assesses how these patterns are associated with their children's labour-market outcomes. Drawing on Swedish longitudinal register data, we used multichannel sequence analysis to follow a cohort of people born in 1985 (n = 72,409) and their parents across 26 years. We identified four parental earning models, differentiating between (1) dual earners with high wages, (2) dual earners with low-wage, (3) one-and-a-half-earners and (4) mother as the main breadwinner. Regression analysis shows strong intergenerational transmission among the most advantageous trajectories, with education as a key determinant for young people to become less dependent on family resources. This study stresses the importance of intra-couple perspectives in life course research to understand how inequalities are shaped and preserved across generations.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D013548', 'D008297', 'D008137', 'D016901', 'D000328', 'D010290', 'D004651', 'D002648', 'D012959', 'D000293', 'D010287', 'D055815']"
38954423,Can life events predict first-time suicide attempts? A nationwide longitudinal study.,"The prevention paradox describes circumstances in which the majority of cases with a suicide attempt come from a population of low or moderate risk, and only a few from a 'high-risk' group. The assumption is that a low base rate in combination with multiple causes makes it impossible to identify a high-risk group with all suicide attempts. The best way to study events such as first-time suicide attempts and their causes is to collect event history data. Administrative registers were used to identify a group at higher risk of suicidal behaviour within a population of six national birth cohorts (N = 300,000) born between 1980 and 1985 and followed from age 15 to 29 years. Estimation of risk parameters is based on the discrete-time logistic odds-ratio model. Lifetime prevalence was 4.5% for first-time suicide attempts. Family background and family child-rearing factors were predicative of later first-time suicide attempts. A young person's diagnosis with psychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorders (ADHD, anxiety, depression, PTSD), and being a victim of violence or sex offences contributed to the explanatory model. Contrary to the prevention paradox, results suggest that it is possible to identify a discrete high-risk group (<12%) among the population from whom two thirds of all first-time suicide attempts occur, but one third of observed suicide attempts derived from low- to moderate-risk groups. Findings confirm the need for a combined strategy of universal, targeted and indicated prevention approaches in policy development and in strategic and practice responses, and some promising prevention strategies are presented.","['D006801', 'D013406', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000293', 'D000328', 'D008137', 'D012307', 'D055815', 'D008016', 'D015995', 'D001523']"
38954421,Socio-economic differences in remote schoolwork during the COVID-19 pandemic: a trend analysis of the 2020 and 2021 school-closure periods using the UK Understanding Society data.,"In the United Kingdom, the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 led to two extended periods of school closures. Research on inequality of learning opportunity as a result of these closures used a single indicator of socio-economic status, neglecting important determinants of remote learning. Using data from the Understanding Society (USoc) COVID-19 surveys we analysed the levels and differentials in the uptake of remote schoolwork using parental social class, information technology (IT) availability in the home and parental working patterns to capture the distinct resources that families needed to complete remote schoolwork. This is also the first study to assess the extent to which the differentials between socio-economic groups changed between the first and second school-closure periods caused by the pandemic. We found that each of the three factors showed an independent association with the volume of remote schoolwork and that their effect was magnified by their combination. Children in families where the main parent was in an upper-class occupation, where both parents worked from home and where the children had their own IT spent more time doing remote schoolwork than other groups, particularly compared to children of single parents who work from home, children in families where the main parent was in a working-class occupation, where the child had to share IT, and where the parents did not work regularly from home. The differentials between socio-economic groups in the uptake of schoolwork were found to be stable between the two school-closure periods.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D006113', 'D012574', 'D002648', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012959', 'D000293', 'D000086402', 'D010290', 'D012923', 'D020375', 'D011795', 'D058873', 'D000085326']"
38954419,E-Cigarette Use and Lung Cancer Screening Uptake.,This cross-sectional study examines e-cigarette use and lung cancer screening uptake among individuals in the US.,"['D006801', 'D008175', 'D008297', 'D055088', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D066300', 'D000072137', 'D000368']"
38954417,Clinician Knowledge of Chagas Disease After an Educational Intervention.,This survey study describes the self-reported medical knowledge among physicians before and after attending a lecture on Chagas disease.,"['D006801', 'D014355', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D007722', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D002983']"
38954415,Financial Incentives for Smoking Cessation Among Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.,"Socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals (ie, those with low socioeconomic status [SES]) have difficulty quitting smoking and may benefit from incentive-based cessation interventions.","['D006801', 'D016540', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D009042', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D035862', 'D011203']"
38954414,In-Hospital Delirium and Disability and Cognitive Impairment After COVID-19 Hospitalization.,Older adults who are hospitalized for COVID-19 are at risk of delirium. Little is known about the association of in-hospital delirium with functional and cognitive outcomes among older adults who have survived a COVID-19 hospitalization.,"['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D003693', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D060825', 'D011446', 'D006760', 'D000086402', 'D000369', 'D008875']"
38954277,Gender stereotypes in eating disorder recognition.,"Eating disorder (ED) awareness is low. We assessed if ED symptom recognition, perceived need for treatment, perceived distress, perceived acceptability, and perceived prevalence differed depending on the gender of the individual with the ED.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D001068', 'D055815', 'D013240', 'D000293', 'D012737', 'D052018', 'D008875']"
38954245,The Possible Neuroprotective Effect of Caffeic Acid on Cognitive Changes and Anxiety-Like Behavior Occurring in Young Rats Fed on High-Fat Diet and Exposed to Chronic Stress: Role of β-Catenin/GSK-3B Pathway.,"Lifestyle influences physical and cognitive development during the period of adolescence greatly. The most important of these lifestyle factors are diet and stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of high fat diet (HFD) and chronic mild stress on cognitive function and anxiety-like behaviors in young rats and to study the role of caffeic acid as a potential treatment for anxiety and cognitive dysfunction. Forty rats were assigned into 4 groups: control, HFD, HFD + stress, and caffeic acid-treated group. Rats were sacrificed after neurobehavioral testing. We detected memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior in rats which were more exaggerated in stressed rats. Alongside the behavioral changes, there were biochemical and histological changes. HFD and/or stress decreased hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and induced oxidative and inflammatory changes in the hippocampus. In addition, they suppressed Wnt/β-catenin pathway which was associated with activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). HFD and stress increased arginase 1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels as well. These disturbances were found to be aggravated in stressed rats than HFD group. However, caffeic acid was able to reverse these deteriorations leading to memory improvement and ameliorating anxiety-like behavior. So, the current study highlights an important neuroprotective role for caffeic acid that may guard against induction of cognitive dysfunction and anxiety disorders in adolescents who are exposed to HFD and/or stress.","['D000818', 'D002109', 'D051381', 'D000071679', 'D001007', 'D008297', 'D059305', 'D006624', 'D013315', 'D018696', 'D019208', 'D017208', 'D051176', 'D060449', 'D003071', 'D060825', 'D052247']"
38954223,Predicting psychological distress in advanced ovarian cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.,"This longitudinal study investigated distress rates in patients with advanced ovarian cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic and examined whether time, illness representations, and coping strategies predicted distress levels.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000086382', 'D010051', 'D008875', 'D000223', 'D000079225', 'D000368', 'D008137', 'D000328', 'D001007', 'D011795', 'D006113', 'D003863', 'D013315', 'D005239', 'D000086402', 'D013313']"
38954168,Cognitive reserve modulates mental health in adulthood.,"Cognitive Reserve (CR) reflects acquired knowledge, skills, and abilities throughout life, and it is known for modulating cognitive efficiency in healthy and clinical populations. CR, which was initially proposed to explain individual differences in the clinical presentation of dementia, has subsequently been extended to healthy ageing, showing its role in cognitive efficiency also during middle age. Recently, CR has been linked to affective processes in psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, major depressive and anxiety symptoms, and psychological distress, suggesting its potential role in emotional expression and regulation. Whether the role of CR in mental health extends to non-pathological adults, and whether this is only relevant in older age is not yet clear. The aim of this work was therefore to explore the relationship between CR and mental health in healthy adults, with a focus on middle adulthood (40-60). In a sample of 96 participants, we found a positive association between CR and mental health outcomes, such that a higher cognitive reserve index corresponded to fewer mental health reported symptoms. Specifically, a higher CR reflecting professional activities was associated with lower stress levels, especially in middle agers. Taken together, these data therefore suggest that engaging occupations may help maintain a robust mental health, especially by reducing stress symptoms during middle age. These results broaden previous findings suggesting that CR relates to affective components of mental health in middle aged and older adults.","['D006801', 'D058245', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D008603', 'D000328', 'D013315', 'D000375']"
38954081,"Financial toxicity, coping strategies, and quality of life among Chinese patients with hematologic malignancies: a cross-sectional study.","Financial toxicity is used to describe the financial hardship experienced by cancer patients. Financial toxicity may cause negative consequences to patients, whereas little is known in Chinese context. This study aimed to explore the level of financial toxicity, coping strategies, and quality of life among Chinese patients with hematologic malignancies.","['D006801', 'D011788', 'D008297', 'D019337', 'D005260', 'D003430', 'D008875', 'D000223', 'D011446', 'D000328', 'D002681', 'D005102', 'D000368', 'D017281', 'D000086522', 'D000097813']"
38954044,"Analyzing the Influence of Ambiguity Tolerance on Grammar Acquisition in EFL Learners Across Face-to-Face, Blended, and Flipped Learning Environments.","In the realm of language education, the influence of learners' personality traits on their educational outcomes within novel instructional frameworks has gained prominence, prompting an exploration into the effects of ambiguity tolerance on grammar acquisition among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students. This study investigates the impact of learners' personality traits on their learning outcomes in innovative instructional models, such as flipped and blended classes. A sample of 120 EFL students was divided into four comparative groups and two control groups based on their proficiency and ambiguity tolerance (AT) scores. The study utilized a Learning Management System (LMS) to deliver instruction to the different groups. The blended group received a combination of online and face-to-face instruction, while the flipped group received online instruction using the flipped approach. The control group received only face-to-face instruction. After a semester of instruction, a posttest on grammar learning was administered. The findings showed that the blended group performed better than the flipped and face-to-face groups in terms of grammar learning. The study also found no significant differences in grammar learning between high AT and low AT participants in the flipped and blended classes. However, high AT students in the face-to-face class demonstrated higher levels of success in grammar learning compared to low AT students.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D007858', 'D019303', 'D055815', 'D013334', 'D000328', 'D007802', 'D010551']"
38953853,Accelerometer-Measured Daily Behaviors That Mediate the Association Between Refractive Status and Depressive Disorders.,To identify the accelerometer-measured daily behaviors that mediate the association of refractive status with depressive disorders and enhance the understanding of behavioral differences in depression.,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D061725', 'D008875', 'D015444', 'D003866', 'D000328', 'D012890', 'D000368', 'D057185', 'D011795', 'D006956', 'D012307']"
38953823,Mapping the Consequences - An Exploratory Study on the Use of Body Mapping Technique to Assess Perceptions of Health-care Workers on the Effects of Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension.,"Knowledge of the consequences of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and hypertension on various body organs among health workers is necessary to educate patients. Body mapping is a tool used for exploring perceptions as a part of qualitative research. This study assesses the perceptions of health-care workers on the effects of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and hypertension on the human body using the body mapping technique. All 19 staff members of an Urban Primary Health Center were asked to draw a human body and map the parts affected by uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The mean age of the participants was 35.42 ± 10.54 years, and median years of work experience were 4 (3, 7) years. Fourteen (74%) participants had mapped kidneys and 11 (58%) participants had mapped head/brain indicating stroke to indicate damage due to uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Only 7 (37%) and 4 (26%) participants perceived that feet and eyes could be affected.","['D006801', 'D006973', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D003920', 'D006282', 'D008875', 'D010465', 'D001291', 'D007194', 'D007722']"
38953819,"Chronic Illnesses and Depression among Community-based Adolescents in Rural Haryana, India.","Evidence on the association of chronic illnesses with depression among adolescents in the Indian community setting is limited. A simple random sample of 583 adolescents, comprising 56.6% of boys and 43.4% of girls, were interviewed on home visits. Self-reports on chronic illnesses were elicited, followed by administration of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) questionnaire to screen for depression, and for confirmation of diagnosis by age-appropriate Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI Kid), or MINI. The prevalence of chronic illnesses was 8.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.3-11.0). Of these participants, 42.8% screened positive for depression. The prevalence of depression was 10.2% (95% CI: 3.4-22.2) among adolescents with chronic illness. The prevalence of physical-mental multimorbidity was 0.8% (95% CI: 0.3-2.0). The presence of chronic illness was associated with depression identified using both PHQ-9 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =3.1 [95% CI: 1.7-5.8], P < 0.001) and MINI Kid/MINI (AOR = 3.2 [95% CI: 1.1-9.4], P = 0.037). Adolescents with chronic illnesses can be targeted for mental morbidity screening in a bid to improve functional outcomes.","['D006801', 'D007194', 'D008297', 'D000293', 'D005260', 'D002908', 'D003863', 'D015995', 'D012424', 'D002648']"
38953815,"Roles, Responsibilities, and Functions of Village Health, Sanitation, and Nutrition Committees in India: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis.","National Health Mission instituted the Village Health, Sanitation, and Nutrition Committees (VHSNCs) in 2005, with an aim of ensuring health and well-being for local communities in India. There is a lack of concrete evidence on the functioning of VHSNCs at a national level. Thus, this study was undertaken to outline the roles, responsibilities, and functions of VHSNCs in India. We conducted a comprehensive data search in Medline, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, EMBASE, and Google Scholar between 2005 and August 2021. All peer-reviewed qualitative studies that reported the roles, responsibilities, functions, and good practices of VHSNCs from India were included in our review. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist was used to assess the quality of individual studies. In total, we included 15 studies (including 1100+ VHSNCs) from various states of India. Our review highlighted that the majority of the VHSNCs functioned without a clear-cut definition of roles and responsibilities had irregular meetings and workforce shortage. There was a lack of inclusivity, accountability, and delay in the processing of untied funds. The included studies have showed that VHSNCs were involved health promotional activities such as formulation and implementation of village health plans, delivery of services through public distribution systems, ensuring safe drinking water and sanitary supervision, and identification and referral of malnourished children. Our review highlights the crucial role that VHSNCs play in improving the health outcomes of rural populations and underscores the need for continued support and capacity-building efforts to ensure their effectiveness.","['D007194', 'D006801', 'D012499', 'D036301', 'D006293', 'D024382', 'D026683']"
38953814,Human Immunodeficiency Virus Preexposure Prophylaxis Awareness and Acceptability among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Persons in India: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.,"With increasing importance being given to preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for human immunodeficiency virus prevention among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender persons (TG), we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of PrEP awareness and acceptability among these key populations in India, and their sociodemographic and behavioral determinants. The systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023390508). Studies were included if they provided quantitative data on PrEP awareness or acceptability among MSM or TG in India. MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched from inception to February 29, 2024, using keywords and database-specific terms. Relevant websites were also searched. Critical appraisal was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Prevalence Studies. Random-effects meta-analysis was done for common outcomes reported by the studies. Reporting was as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses 2020 statement. Ten studies providing cross-sectional data, mostly from South West India, were included for qualitative synthesis. All were conducted in settings where PrEP was not available. The pooled prevalence among MSM and TG was 18.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.7%, 28.7%) for awareness and 79.8% (95% CI 57.4%, 100.0%) for willingness to use daily oral PrEP. This review highlights the felt need for PrEP among MSM and TG in India. Further research is needed to understand user attitudes in different parts of the country.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D007194', 'D015658', 'D065129', 'D063106', 'D018451', 'D007722', 'D010342']"
38953813,An Exploratory-Descriptive Analysis of Training Programs for Leadership in Health Research and Services in India.,"There are several leadership training programs for health researchers in India. However, there is a need to develop context-tailored leadership and mentoring approaches.","['D007857', 'D007194', 'D006801', 'D003479', 'D012108', 'D006302', 'D000071252']"
38953812,Perception and Acceptance of the Newly Introduced COVID-19 Precaution (THIRD) Vaccination Dose among Health Workers at an Indian Medical College.,"India has run a nationwide vaccination campaign against COVID-19, which has recently introduced a precaution (third) dose for health workers. This study assessed the perception and attitude of health workers toward the Indian vaccination campaign against COVID-19, with an emphasis on this major change.","['D006801', 'D007194', 'D000086663', 'D008297', 'D000086382', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D006282', 'D000086402', 'D001291', 'D008875', 'D011795', 'D014611', 'D055815', 'D000088823']"
38953808,"""The Early Years are Like a Foundation for the Future"" Perspectives, Facilitators, and Challenges of Anganwadi Workers in Supporting Early Child Development Interventions in Hyderabad, India: Qualitative Findings from a Scalable Program Incorporating Early Child Development Interventions.","Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme, a large public health program, addresses the needs of young children with Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) as frontline agents of delivery. A scalable program incorporating early child development interventions (ASPIRE) has been developed to complement the program and address some of its gaps.","['D006801', 'D007194', 'D017144', 'D002657', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D002675', 'D036301', 'D000328', 'D018479', 'D002662', 'D007223']"
38956297,Power spectral density-based resting-state EEG classification of first-episode psychosis.,"Historically, the analysis of stimulus-dependent time-frequency patterns has been the cornerstone of most electroencephalography (EEG) studies. The abnormal oscillations in high-frequency waves associated with psychotic disorders during sensory and cognitive tasks have been studied many times. However, any significant dissimilarity in the resting-state low-frequency bands is yet to be established. Spectral analysis of the alpha and delta band waves shows the effectiveness of stimulus-independent EEG in identifying the abnormal activity patterns of pathological brains. A generalized model incorporating multiple frequency bands should be more efficient in associating potential EEG biomarkers with first-episode psychosis (FEP), leading to an accurate diagnosis. We explore multiple machine-learning methods, including random-forest, support vector machine, and Gaussian process classifier (GPC), to demonstrate the practicality of resting-state power spectral density (PSD) to distinguish patients of FEP from healthy controls. A comprehensive discussion of our preprocessing methods for PSD analysis and a detailed comparison of different models are included in this paper. The GPC model outperforms the other models with a specificity of 95.78% to show that PSD can be used as an effective feature extraction technique for analyzing and classifying resting-state EEG signals of psychiatric disorders.","['D006801', 'D011618', 'D004569', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D060388', 'D055815', 'D012146', 'D000069550', 'D001921', 'D000293', 'D012815']"
38956202,An exploratory study on lipidomic profiles in a cohort of individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder.,"Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can develop after trauma exposure. Some studies report that women develop PTSD at twice the rate of men, despite greater trauma exposure in men. Lipids and their metabolites (lipidome) regulate a myriad of key biological processes and pathways such as membrane integrity, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation in the brain by maintaining neuronal connectivity and homeostasis. In this study, we analyzed the lipidome of 40 adults with PTSD and 40 trauma-exposed non-PTSD individuals (n = 20/sex/condition; 19-39 years old). Plasma samples were analyzed for lipidomics using Quadrupole Time-of-Flight (QToF) mass spectrometry. Additionally, ~ 90 measures were collected, on sleep, and mental and physical health indices. Poorer sleep quality was associated with greater PTSD severity in both sexes. The lipidomics analysis identified a total of 348 quantifiable known lipid metabolites and 1951 lipid metabolites that are yet unknown; known metabolites were part of 13 lipid subclasses. After adjusting for BMI and sleep quality, in women with PTSD, only one lipid subclass, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was altered, whereas, in men with PTSD, 9 out of 13 subclasses were altered compared to non-PTSD women and men, respectively. Severe PTSD was associated with 22% and 5% of altered lipid metabolites in men and women, respectively. Of the changed metabolites, only 0.5% measures (2 PEs and cholesterol) were common between women and men with PTSD. Several sphingomyelins, PEs, ceramides, and triglycerides were increased in men with severe PTSD. The correlations between triglycerides and ceramide metabolites with cholesterol metabolites and systolic blood pressure were dependent upon sex and PTSD status. Alterations in triglycerides and ceramides are linked with cardiac health and metabolic function in humans. Thus, disturbed sleep and higher body mass may have contributed to changes in the lipidome found in PTSD.","['D006801', 'D013313', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D000081362', 'D055815', 'D008055', 'D015331', 'D050356']"
38956035,The impact of REM sleep loss on human brain connectivity.,"Brain function is vulnerable to the consequences of inadequate sleep, an adverse trend that is increasingly prevalent. The REM sleep phase has been implicated in coordinating various brain structures and is hypothesized to have potential links to brain variability. However, traditional imaging research have encountered challenges in attributing specific brain region activity to REM sleep, remained understudied at the whole-brain connectivity level. Through the spilt-night paradigm, distinct patterns of REM sleep phases were observed among the full-night sleep group (n = 36), the early-night deprivation group (n = 41), and the late-night deprivation group (n = 36). We employed connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) to delineate the effects of REM sleep deprivation on the functional connectivity of the brain (REM connectome) during its resting state. The REM sleep-brain connectome was characterized by stronger connectivity within the default mode network (DMN) and between the DMN and visual networks, while fewer predictive edges were observed. Notably, connections such as those between the cingulo-opercular network (CON) and the auditory network, as well as between the subcortex and visual networks, also made significant contributions. These findings elucidate the neural signatures of REM sleep loss and reveal common connectivity patterns across individuals, validated at the group level.","['D006801', 'D063132', 'D008297', 'D012892', 'D012895', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008279', 'D001921', 'D055815', 'D009415', 'D000082702']"
38955788,Rivastigmine for treatment-refractory posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review.,"We conducted a systematic review evaluating the efficacy of rivastigmine augmentation for treatment-refractory posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. The databases Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE were searched using key words: 'rivastigmine' OR 'Exelon' OR 'rivastigmine augmentation' OR 'Exelon augmentation' AND 'posttraumatic stress disorder*' OR 'post-traumatic stress disorder*' OR 'PTSD' OR 'combat disorder*' OR 'post-traumatic symptoms'. The asterisk specified plural forms of the relevant word. Four papers were identified, comprising one double-blind randomised controlled trial, one non-controlled open trial, one case series (presenting three case studies), and one paper with two case studies. The randomised controlled trial found no statistically significant difference in efficacy, using the PTSD CheckList-Military Version as the relevant outcomes measure, between the active add-on rivastigmine interventions and placebo or treatment as usual. The open trial, although reporting relatively positive outcomes, had a weak study design and lacked reporting of key information, including participant sex and age and pre-rivastigmine PTSD measures. The assessment of efficacy was based on participants' reporting of subjective benefits, and clinician-rating using a Clinical Global Impression, rather than established PTSD assessments scales. Although the five case studies reported improvement in PTSD symptoms, there were confounding factors and limitations in clinical and demographic data, warranting caution regarding attributed benefits. There is a lack of methodologically robust evidence supporting the efficacy of add-on rivastigmine for the treatment of refractory PTSD. Additional research may help in further evaluating its possible clinical efficacy.","['D000068836', 'D006801', 'D013313', 'D018696', 'D002800']"
38955787,Factor analysis of the Chinese version of the Autism Spectrum Quotient 10 and its association with schizotypal traits in adolescents and young adults in Hong Kong.,There is evidence suggesting that autistic traits are associated with schizotypal traits. This study examined the factor structure of the Autism Spectrum Quotient 10 (AQ-10) and its associations with schizotypal traits (measured by the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief [SPQ-B]) in a cohort of Chinese adolescents and young adults.,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000293', 'D055815', 'D012569', 'D000067877', 'D006723', 'D005163', 'D011795', 'D000328', 'D056345', 'D011569']"
38955784,Factors Associated With Physical Restraints in a Psychiatric Unit in Japan: a Retrospective Study.,To identify factors associated with the use and duration of physical restraint (PR) in a psychiatric unit in Japan.,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D007564', 'D012189', 'D012149', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D001523', 'D000368', 'D011567', 'D012737', 'D055815']"
38954735,Comparison of model feature importance statistics to identify covariates that contribute most to model accuracy in prediction of insomnia.,Sleep is critical to a person's physical and mental health and there is a need to create high performing machine learning models and critically understand how models rank covariates.,"['D006801', 'D007319', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000069550', 'D008875', 'D003430', 'D000328', 'D012189', 'D012307', 'D009749', 'D016015', 'D000368', 'D015233']"
38954639,Insulated by opioids.,Opioids trigger myelin insulation of reward circuit axons in a feedforward loop of addiction.,"['D006801', 'D000701', 'D000818', 'D001369', 'D009186', 'D012201', 'D009293']"
38954560,MDDBranchNet: A Deep Learning Model for Detecting Major Depressive Disorder Using ECG Signal.,"Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic mental illness which affects people's well-being and is often detected at a later stage of depression with a likelihood of suicidal ideation. Early detection of MDD is thus necessary to reduce the impact, however, it requires monitoring vitals in daily living conditions. EEG is generally multi-channel and due to difficulty in signal acquisition, it is unsuitable for home-based monitoring, whereas, wearable sensors can collect single-channel ECG. Classical machine-learning based MDD detection studies commonly use various heart rate variability features. Feature generation, which requires domain knowledge, is often challenging, and requires computation power, often unsuitable for real time processing, MDDBranchNet is a proposed parallel-branch deep learning model for MDD binary classification from a single channel ECG which uses additional ECG-derived signals such as R-R signal and degree distribution time series of horizontal visibility graph. The use of derived branches was able to increase the model's accuracy by around 7%. An optimal 20-second overlapped segmentation of ECG recording was found to be beneficial with a 70% prediction threshold for maximum MDD detection with a minimum false positive rate. The proposed model evaluated MDD prediction from signal excerpts, irrespective of location (first, middle or last one-third of the recording), instead of considering the entire ECG signal with minimal performance variation stressing the idea that MDD phenomena are likely to manifest uniformly throughout the recording.","['D006801', 'D000077321', 'D004562', 'D003865', 'D012815', 'D000465', 'D000328', 'D008297']"
38954459,Issues Related to the Use of Visual Social Networks and Perceived Usefulness of Social Media Literacy During the Recovery Phase: Qualitative Research Among Girls With Eating Disorders.,"The patient-centered approach is essential for quality health care and patient safety. Understanding the service user's perspective on the factors maintaining the health problem is crucial for successful treatment, especially for patients who do not recognize their condition as clinically relevant or concerning. Despite the association between intensive use of visual social media and body dissatisfaction and eating disorders, little is known about the meanings users assign to posting or searching for edited photos and the strategies they use to protect themselves from digital risks.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D061108', 'D000293', 'D001068', 'D036301', 'D007558']"
38954413,Gender-Affirming Hormone Treatment and Metabolic Syndrome Among Transgender Veterans.,Gender-affirming hormone treatment (GAHT) is a common therapy for transgender individuals to reduce gender dysphoria and improve quality of life. Clarifying the long-term effects of GAHT remains a priority in transgender health research.,"['D006801', 'D024821', 'D063106', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D014728', 'D012189', 'D000328', 'D013739', 'D008137', 'D008875', 'D000068116', 'D004958', 'D014481']"
38954104,"Cancer-related cognitive impairment as a key contributor to psychopathology in cancer survivors: implications for prevention, treatment and supportive care.","A significant proportion of cancer survivors will experience some form of mental health compromise across domains including mood, anxiety, psychosis, eating disorders, and substance use. This psychopathology within cancer survivors is related to a range of negative outcomes and can also have a substantial negative impact on quality of life. Along with psychopathology, cognitive impairments are also commonly experienced, resulting in deficits in memory, reasoning, decision-making, speed of processing, and concentration, collectively referred to as cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI). Within the non-oncology literature, cognitive deficits are consistently demonstrated to be a key transdiagnostic aetiological feature of psychopathology, functionally contributing to the development and perpetuation of symptoms. Whilst there is an acknowledgement of the role mental health concerns might play in the development of and perception of CRCI, there has been limited acknowledgement and research exploring the potential for CRCI to functionally contribute toward the development of transdiagnostic psychopathology in cancer survivors beyond simply psychosocial distress. Given the theoretical and empirical evidence suggesting cognitive deficits to be an aetiological factor in psychopathology, we provide a rationale for the potential for CRCI to be a factor in the development and perpetuation of transdiagnostic psychopathology in cancer survivors. This potential functional association has significant implications for risk identification, prevention, treatment, and supportive cancer care approaches regarding psychopathology in cancer survivorship. We conclude by providing directions for future research in this area.","['D006801', 'D000073116', 'D060825', 'D009369', 'D011788', 'D001523']"
38953817,Is There Uniformity in the Diagnosis of Learning Disability Globally?,"Learning disabilities (LDs) are a group of neurodevelopmental deficits that negatively affect the acquisition, organization, retention, comprehension, or application of age appropriate knowledge. Persons with LD lead a subsidized quality of life, especially in academic/vocational and psychosocial domains. A certificate issued by the medical boards at a state or district level is required to avail benefits such as scribes or relaxations. This may be done through a series of assessments by psychologists, special educators, or other health-care professionals. The authors aim to understand if uniformity exists in the assessment methods used for the diagnosis of LD globally and to prepare a gap analysis for the same. A systematic review was performed on English literature articles published from January 2005 to August 2023. Full-text studies reporting assessment and diagnostic methods of LD were included. A total of 1246 records were identified through a manual search of an electronic database. Seven duplicates were removed and 1174 studies were excluded based on the relevance by screening titles, abstracts, and full texts. Sixty-five studies were included and analyzed. The authors found a lack of uniformity in this diagnostic protocol, leading to uncertainty in disability certification, doctor shopping, and additional stress for the patients, as well as added burden on the government. Identification of LD requires a multistep assessment process with culturally relevant tools and norms and the participation of a multidisciplinary team of experts.","['D006801', 'D007859', 'D014943']"
38953743,"Characterizing reward and relief/habit drinking profiles in a study of naltrexone, varenicline, and placebo.","This study aims to clarify differences in mood, craving, and treatment response between reward and relief/habit individuals in a study of naltrexone, varenicline, and placebo. We hypothesized that relief/habit individuals would have a poorer mood during early abstinence and higher levels of alcohol craving than reward individuals. We hypothesized that reward individuals would demonstrate better drinking outcomes on naltrexone versus placebo.","['D006801', 'D009271', 'D008297', 'D012201', 'D000068580', 'D005260', 'D004311', 'D000328', 'D000437', 'D066249', 'D008875', 'D000339', 'D009292', 'D000428', 'D016896']"
38953742,"Neural responses to reward, threat, and emotion regulation and transition to hazardous alcohol use.","Reward processing and regulation of emotions are thought to impact the development of addictive behaviors. In this study, we aimed to determine whether neural responses during reward anticipation, threat appraisal, emotion reactivity, and cognitive reappraisal predicted the transition from low-level to hazardous alcohol use over a 12-month period.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D055815', 'D012201', 'D008279', 'D000080103', 'D000293', 'D000437', 'D001921', 'D000428', 'D000679', 'D004644', 'D000328']"
38953592,Gray matter alterations in Huntington's disease: A meta-analysis of VBM neuroimaging studies.,"Increasing neuroimaging studies have attempted to identify biomarkers of Huntington's disease (HD) progression. Here, we conducted voxel-based meta-analyses of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies on HD to investigate the evolution of gray matter volume (GMV) alterations and explore the effects of genetic and clinical features on GMV changes. A systematic review was performed to identify the relevant studies. Meta-analyses of whole-brain VBM studies were performed to assess the regional GMV changes in all HD mutation carriers, in presymptomatic HD (pre-HD), and in symptomatic HD (sym-HD). A quantitative comparison was performed between pre-HD and sym-HD. Meta-regression analyses were used to explore the effects of genetic and clinical features on GMV changes. Twenty-eight studies were included, comparing a total of 1811 HD mutation carriers [including 1150 pre-HD and 560 sym-HD] and 969 healthy controls (HCs). Pre-HD showed decreased GMV in the bilateral caudate nuclei, putamen, insula, anterior cingulate/paracingulate gyri, middle temporal gyri, and left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus compared with HCs. Compared with pre-HD, GMV decrease in sym-HD extended to the bilateral median cingulate/paracingulate gyri, Rolandic operculum and middle occipital gyri, left amygdala, and superior temporal gyrus. Meta-regression analyses found that age, mean lengths of CAG repeats, and disease burden were negatively associated with GMV atrophy of the bilateral caudate and right insula in all HD mutation carriers. This meta-analysis revealed the pattern of GMV changes from pre-HD to sym-HD, prompting the understanding of HD progression. The pattern of GMV changes may be biomarkers for disease progression in HD.","['D006816', 'D006801', 'D066128', 'D059906', 'D001921', 'D008279']"
38953549,The effectiveness of exergames in improving physical activity behaviour and physical literacy domains in adolescents with developmental coordination disorder and cerebral palsy: A scoping review.,A large proportion of adolescents with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are physically inactive. Physical literacy has been described as an important determinant in promoting health behaviours. The potential of exergames to improve physical literacy and activity has been recognized in typically developing children. The aim of the present scoping review was to identify and map the available evidence of this potential for adolescents with DCD.,"['D006801', 'D000293', 'D002547', 'D019957', 'D015444', 'D018910', 'D005081', 'D057220', 'D015438', 'D009042']"
38953538,Validating the Ontario Child Health Study Emotional Behavioural Scales-Brief Version (OCHS-EBS-B) in children with chronic physical illness.,"A substantial proportion of children have a physical illness; these children commonly experience physical-mental comorbidity. To assess child mental health, brief scales that can be used in clinical and research settings are needed. This study assessed the validity and reliability of parent-reported Ontario Child Health Study Emotional Behavioural Scale-Brief Version (OCHS-EBS-B) scores.","['D006801', 'D002648', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D015203', 'D002675', 'D002908', 'D000293', 'D009864', 'D011594', 'D008137', 'D005163', 'D001523', 'D011569', 'D015897', 'D008603']"
38953469,Impact of mental health in persons living with rare disease: Findings from the AMCP Market Insights Program.,"Within the framework of its Market Insights Program, AMCP convened a panel of experts representing diverse stakeholders to identify alterations to plan design and/or coverage options geared toward improving the diagnosis and treatment of mental health conditions among persons living with rare diseases (PLWRD). PLWRD face unique mental health challenges because of the misunderstood nature of their conditions, potential misdiagnosis, and limited treatment options. Economic burdens arise from increased medical needs, reliance on caregivers, and work disruptions. The interplay of these factors, along with health insurance coverage, creates a distinctive mental health landscape for PLWRD and a need to prioritize mental health support for this patient population. This article aims to (1) summarize expert perspectives on health care system challenges and areas of agreement concerning the management of mental health conditions and (2) advance payers' understanding of their role in supporting mental health care for patients with rare diseases. Addressing mental health needs of PLWRD presents multifaceted challenges. Managed care organizations play a pivotal role in supporting mental health care for PLWRD through their quality improvement initiatives and policies for coverage and reimbursement, which can impact both the rare disease treatment and mental health services PLWRD receive.","['D006801', 'D035583', 'D008603', 'D008329', 'D001523', 'D008605', 'D019458', 'D003695', 'D007348']"
38953267,[Research Advances in the Association Between Alzheimer's Disease and Double-Stranded RNA-Dependent Protein Kinase].,"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe threat to human health and one of the three major causes of human death.Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is an interferon-induced protein kinase involved in innate immunity.In the occurrence and development of AD,PKR is upregulated and continuously activated.On the one hand,the activation of PKR triggers an integrated stress response in brain cells.On the other hand,it indirectly upregulates the expression of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 and facilitates the accumulation of amyloid-β protein (Aβ),which could activate PKR activator to further activate PKR,thus forming a sustained accumulation cycle of Aβ.In addition,PKR can promote Tau phosphorylation,thereby reducing microtubule stability in nerve cells.Inflammation in brain tissue,neurotoxicity resulted from Aβ accumulation,and disruption of microtubule stability led to the progression of AD and the declines of memory and cognitive function.Therefore,PKR is a key molecule in the development and progression of AD.Effective PKR detection can aid in the diagnosis and prediction of AD progression and provide opportunities for clinical treatment.The inhibitors targeting PKR are expected to control the activity of PKR,thereby controlling the progression of AD.Therefore,PKR could be a target for the development of therapeutic drugs for AD.","['D000544', 'D006801', 'D019892', 'D016229', 'D016875', 'D010766', 'D001921', 'D016564']"
38952972,Food addiction and the physical and mental health status of adults with overweight and obesity.,"Overweight and obesity now affect more than a third of the world's population. They are strongly associated with somatic diseases, in particular increasing the risk of many metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, but also with mental disorders. In particular, there is a strong association between obesity and depression. As a result, more attention is paid to the neurobiological, behavioural, and psychological mechanisms involved in eating. One of these is food addiction (FA). Research comparing lifestyle elements, physical and mental health problems of excess body weight and individuals with FA is limited and has focused on younger people, mainly students. There is also a lack of studies that relate actual metabolic parameters to FA. To better understand the problem of FA also in older adults, it is important to understand the specific relationships between these variables.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D003430', 'D009765', 'D000368', 'D000073932', 'D050177', 'D000369', 'D055815', 'D006304', 'D008603', 'D003863', 'D011795', 'D015992']"
38952964,Effect of glucocorticoid blockade on inflammatory responses to acute sleep fragmentation in male mice.,"The association between sleep and the immune-endocrine system is well recognized, but the nature of that relationship is not well understood. Sleep fragmentation induces a pro-inflammatory response in peripheral tissues and brain, but it also activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, releasing glucocorticoids (GCs) (cortisol in humans and corticosterone in mice). It is unclear whether this rapid release of glucocorticoids acts to potentiate or dampen the inflammatory response in the short term. The purpose of this study was to determine whether blocking or suppressing glucocorticoid activity will affect the inflammatory response from acute sleep fragmentation (ASF). Male C57BL/6J mice were injected i.p. with either 0.9% NaCl (vehicle 1), metyrapone (a glucocorticoid synthesis inhibitor, dissolved in vehicle 1), 2% ethanol in polyethylene glycol (vehicle 2), or mifepristone (a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, dissolved in vehicle 2) 10 min before the start of ASF or no sleep fragmentation (NSF). After 24 h, samples were collected from brain (prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, hippocampus) and periphery (liver, spleen, heart, and epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT)). Proinflammatory gene expression (TNF-α and IL-1β) was measured, followed by gene expression analysis. Metyrapone treatment affected pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression during ASF in some peripheral tissues, but not in the brain. More specifically, metyrapone treatment suppressed IL-1β expression in EWAT during ASF, which implies a pro-inflammatory effect of GCs. However, in cardiac tissue, metyrapone treatment increased TNF-α expression in ASF mice, suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect of GCs. Mifepristone treatment yielded more significant results than metyrapone, reducing TNF-α expression in liver (only NSF mice) and cardiac tissue during ASF, indicating a pro-inflammatory role. Conversely, in the spleen of ASF-mice, mifepristone increased pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), demonstrating an anti-inflammatory role. Furthermore, irrespective of sleep fragmentation, mifepristone increased pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in heart (IL-1β), pre-frontal cortex (IL-1β), and hypothalamus (IL-1β). The results provide mixed evidence for pro- and anti-inflammatory functions of corticosterone to regulate inflammatory responses to acute sleep loss.","['D000818', 'D008297', 'D008797', 'D012892', 'D008810', 'D051379', 'D015735', 'D005938', 'D053583', 'D007249', 'D014409', 'D003345', 'D007030', 'D001921', 'D011965']"
38952738,Influence of anxious attachment on the relationship between primary emotions and substance-related addictive behaviors.,"To date there is no universally accepted model that describes the development of substance related addictive behavior. In order to address this gap, the study sought to examine whether the association between primary emotions and the inclination toward addictive behavior is mediated by an anxious attachment style.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D016739', 'D001007', 'D019966', 'D009769', 'D000786', 'D005858', 'D004644', 'D008875', 'D011795', 'D055815', 'D000078602', 'D000293']"
38952726,"Sex, environment, and death rate in a dementia cohort: a seven-years Bayesian survival analysis using medications data from a contaminated area in Italy.","Studies have analyzed the effects of industrial installations on the environment and human health in Taranto, Southern Italy. Literature documented associations between different variables and dementia mortality among both women and men. The present study aims to investigate the associations between sex, environment, age, disease duration, pandemic years, anti-dementia drugs, and death rate.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D007558', 'D000368', 'D001499', 'D003704', 'D000369', 'D012737', 'D002800', 'D016019', 'D015331', 'D000086382', 'D008875', 'D012042']"
38952195,Assessing students with dyslexia and other reading difficulties through multiple diagnostic assessments.,"This article aims to assist practitioners in understanding dyslexia and other reading difficulties and assessing students' learning needs. We describe the essential components of language and literacy, universal screening, diagnostic assessments, curriculum-based measurement and eligibility determination. We then introduce four diagnostic assessments as examples, including norm-referenced assessments (i.e. the Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing second edition and the Woodcock-Johnson IV Tests of Achievement) and criterion-referenced assessments (i.e. the Gallistel-Ellis Test of Coding Skills and the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills). Finally, We use a makeup case as a concrete example to illustrate how multiple diagnostic assessments are recorded and how the results can be used to inform intervention and eligibility for special education services.","['D006801', 'D004410', 'D002648', 'D011932', 'D004521', 'D007807', 'D013334', 'D000067010', 'D004519']"
38952188,Temporal dynamics of depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in the oldest old: dynamic time warp analysis of the Leiden 85-plus study.,The prevalence of depressive symptoms and cognitive decline increases with age. We investigated their temporal dynamics in individuals aged 85 and older across a 5-year follow-up period.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D003863', 'D000369', 'D060825', 'D013997', 'D009426', 'D015577', 'D003071', 'D000367', 'D009483', 'D000066492', 'D000073216', 'D012307', 'D015995']"
38952186,A world-wide study on delirium assessments and presence of protocols.,"Delirium is a common complication of older people in hospitals, rehabilitation and long-term facilities.","['D006801', 'D003693', 'D003430', 'D002985', 'D015577', 'D008297', 'D014943', 'D000368', 'D015995', 'D005260']"
38951999,A 68-Year-Old Man with Depression and Acute Renal Failure Due to Rhabdomyolysis Associated with Alcohol Intoxication While Taking Low-Dose Escitalopram: A Case Report.,"BACKGROUND Rhabdomyolysis, an uncommon but recognized adverse effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants, can precipitate acute renal injury (AKI), especially when combined with risk factors such as alcohol consumption. This report describes a 68-year-old man with acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis associated with alcohol intoxication while taking low-dose escitalopram, an SSRI antidepressant. CASE REPORT The patient, with a history of bipolar affective disorder managed with escitalopram, presented with symptoms of general malaise, diarrhea, myalgias, and transient loss of consciousness following substantial ethanol consumption. Laboratory tests indicated severe rhabdomyolysis with a creatine kinase level of 37 672 U/L and myoglobin level >5710 ng/ml, leading to an AKI diagnosis. The discontinuation of escitalopram, along with hydration and renal replacement therapy, facilitated renal recovery. However, the reintroduction of escitalopram resulted in the recurrence of rhabdomyolysis, suggesting a probable causal link, confirmed using the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale. CONCLUSIONS This report highlights the importance of identifying the medication history in patients presenting with acute renal failure and rhabdomyolysis and the association with SSRIs, which can be exacerbated by alcohol. This case underscores the importance of vigilant medication history assessment in patients presenting with AKI and rhabdomyolysis, particularly concerning the use of SSRIs like escitalopram, which can pose heightened risks in the context of alcohol use. It highlights the need for clinical caution in managing patients on long-term SSRI therapy, especially when reintroducing such medications after an episode of rhabdomyolysis.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D012206', 'D058186', 'D000368', 'D015283', 'D017367', 'D000435']"
38951992,"Calcium (Ca2+) hemostasis, mitochondria, autophagy, and mitophagy contribute to Alzheimer's disease as early moderators.","This review rigorously investigates the early cerebral changes associated with Alzheimer's disease, which manifest long before clinical symptoms arise. It presents evidence that the dysregulation of calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, along with mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant autophagic processes, may drive the disease's progression during its asymptomatic, preclinical stage. Understanding the intricate molecular interplay that unfolds during this critical period offers a window into identifying novel therapeutic targets, thereby advancing the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. The review delves into both established and emerging insights into the molecular alterations precipitated by the disruption of Ca2+ balance, setting the stage for cognitive decline and neurodegeneration.","['D006801', 'D000544', 'D008928', 'D002118', 'D063306', 'D001343', 'D000818', 'D006487', 'D006706']"
38951900,"Subjective cognitive concerns, APOE ε4, PTSD symptoms, and risk for dementia among older veterans.","Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are associated with self-reported problems with cognition as well as risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Overlapping symptom profiles observed in cognitive disorders, psychiatric disorders, and environmental exposures (e.g., head injury) can complicate the detection of early signs of ADRD. The interplay between PTSD, head injury, subjective (self-reported) cognitive concerns and genetic risk for ADRD is also not well understood, particularly in diverse ancestry groups.","['D006801', 'D014728', 'D013313', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D053327', 'D003704', 'D012307', 'D014481', 'D000070642', 'D000369', 'D012189']"
38951880,Using digital technology to reduce drug-related harms: a targeted service users' perspective of the Digital Lifelines Scotland programme.,"Deaths due to drug overdose are an international issue, causing an estimated 128,000 global deaths in 2019. Scotland has the highest rate of drug-related deaths in Europe, with those in the most deprived areas at greater risk than those in affluent areas. There is a paucity of research on digital solutions, particularly from the perspective of those who use drugs who additionally access harm reduction and homelessness support services. The Digital Lifelines Scotland programme (DLS) provides vulnerable people who use/d drugs with digital devices to connect with services.","['D006801', 'D012606', 'D040261', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D000082222', 'D008875', 'D062787', 'D055030', 'D055815', 'D006703', 'D019966', 'D011795']"
38951846,Benzodiazepine use in relation to long-term dementia risk and imaging markers of neurodegeneration: a population-based study.,"Benzodiazepine use is common, particularly in older adults. Benzodiazepines have well-established acute adverse effects on cognition, but long-term effects on neurodegeneration and dementia risk remain uncertain.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D003704', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D001569', 'D008875', 'D008279', 'D009426', 'D000369', 'D059906', 'D001921', 'D011446', 'D019636', 'D006993', 'D012307']"
38951839,APP dyshomeostasis in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: implications for current drug targets.,"The Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a transmembrane glycoprotein from which amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides are generated after proteolytic cleavage. Aβ peptides are the main constituent of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The physiological functions of APP in the human adult brain are very diverse including intracellular signaling, synaptic and neuronal plasticity, and cell adhesion, among others. There is growing evidence that APP becomes dysfunctional in AD and that this dyshomeostasis may impact several APP functions beyond Aβ generation. The vast majority of current anti-amyloid approaches in AD have focused on reducing the synthesis of Aβ or increasing the clearance of brain Aβ aggregates following a paradigm in which Aβ plays a solo in APP dyshomeostasis. A wider view places APP at the center stage in which Aβ is an important, but not the only, factor involved in APP dyshomeostasis. Under this paradigm, APP dysfunction is universal in AD, but with some differences across different subtypes. Little is known about how to approach APP dysfunction therapeutically beyond anti-Aβ strategies. In this review, we will describe the role of APP dyshomeostasis in AD beyond Aβ and the potential therapeutic strategies targeting APP.","['D006801', 'D000544', 'D016564', 'D000818', 'D016229', 'D001921']"
38951799,"Understanding the challenges of identifying, supporting, and signposting patients with alcohol use disorder in secondary care hospitals, post COVID-19: a qualitative analysis from the North East and North Cumbria, England.","Alcohol-related mortality and morbidity increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in England, with people from lower-socioeconomic groups disproportionately affected. The North East and North Cumbria (NENC) region has high levels of deprivation and the highest rates of alcohol-related harm in England. Consequently, there is an urgent need for the implementation of evidence-based preventative approaches such as identifying people at risk of alcohol harm and providing them with appropriate support. Non-alcohol specialist secondary care clinicians could play a key role in delivering these interventions, but current implementation remains limited. In this study we aimed to explore current practices and challenges around identifying, supporting, and signposting patients with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) in secondary care hospitals in the NENC through the accounts of staff in the post COVID-19 context.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D004739', 'D036301', 'D000437', 'D063127', 'D000086402', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D058873', 'D000328', 'D007407']"
38951775,Altered leptin level in autism spectrum disorder and meta-analysis of adipokines.,"Increasing evidence suggests that leptin is involved in the pathology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, our objective was to investigate the levels of leptin in the blood of children with ASD and to examine the overall profile of adipokine markers in ASD through meta-analysis.","['D006801', 'D000067877', 'D020738', 'D002648', 'D054392', 'D015415']"
38951733,Textured insoles may improve some gross motor balance measures but not endurance measures in children with motor coordination issues. A randomised controlled feasibility trial.,"Motor coordination concerns are estimated to affect 5%-6% of school-aged children. Motor coordination concerns have variable impact on children's lives, with gait and balance often affected. Textured insoles have demonstrated positive impact on balance and gait in adults with motor coordination disorders related to disease or the ageing process. The efficacy of textured insoles in children is unknown. Our primary aim was to identify the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial involving children with motor control issues. The secondary aim was to identify the limited efficacy of textured insoles on gross motor assessment balance domains and endurance in children with movement difficulties.","['D006801', 'D004856', 'D005240', 'D002648', 'D061826', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012775', 'D019957', 'D002675', 'D009048', 'D001315', 'D010807', 'D005684', 'D004867']"
38951633,Analysis of eligibility criteria in Alzheimer's and related dementias clinical trials.,"Overly restrictive clinical trial eligibility criteria can reduce generalizability, slow enrollment, and disproportionately exclude historically underrepresented populations. The eligibility criteria for 196 Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (AD/ADRD) trials funded by the National Institute on Aging were analyzed to identify common criteria and their potential to disproportionately exclude participants by race/ethnicity. The trials were categorized by type (48 Phase I/II pharmacological, 7 Phase III/IV pharmacological, 128 non-pharmacological, 7 diagnostic, and 6 neuropsychiatric) and target population (51 AD/ADRD, 58 Mild Cognitive Impairment, 25 at-risk, and 62 cognitively normal). Eligibility criteria were coded into the following categories: Medical, Neurologic, Psychiatric, and Procedural. A literature search was conducted to describe the prevalence of disparities for eligibility criteria for African Americans/Black (AA/B), Hispanic/Latino (H/L), American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NH/PI) populations. The trials had a median of 15 criteria. The most frequent criterion were age cutoffs (87% of trials), specified neurologic (65%), and psychiatric disorders (61%). Underrepresented groups could be disproportionately excluded by 16 eligibility categories; 42% of trials specified English-speakers only in their criteria. Most trials (82%) contain poorly operationalized criteria (i.e., criteria not well defined that can have multiple interpretations/means of implementation) and criteria that may reduce racial/ethnic enrollment diversity.","['D006801', 'D000544', 'D002986', 'D060825', 'D003704', 'D004608', 'D005006', 'D054561', 'D018579', 'D014481', 'D001741', 'D006630', 'D044467', 'D044468']"
38951513,Dynamicity of brain network organization & their community architecture as characterizing features for classification of common mental disorders from whole-brain connectome.,"The urgency of addressing common mental disorders (bipolar disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia) arises from their significant societal impact. Developing strategies to support psychiatrists is crucial. Previous studies focused on the relationship between these disorders and changes in the resting-state functional connectome's modularity, often using static functional connectivity (sFC) estimation. However, understanding the dynamic reconfiguration of resting-state brain networks with rich temporal structure is essential for comprehending neural activity and addressing mental health disorders. This study proposes an unsupervised approach combining spatial and temporal characterization of brain networks to classify common mental disorders using fMRI timeseries data from two cohorts (N = 408 participants). We employ the weighted stochastic block model to uncover mesoscale community architecture differences, providing insights into network organization. Our approach overcomes sFC limitations and biases in community detection algorithms by modelling the functional connectome's temporal dynamics as a landscape, quantifying temporal stability at whole-brain and network levels. Findings reveal individuals with schizophrenia exhibit less assortative community structure and participate in multiple motif classes, indicating less specialized network organization. Patients with schizophrenia and ADHD demonstrate significantly reduced temporal stability compared to healthy controls. This study offers insights into functional connectivity (FC) patterns' spatiotemporal organization and their alterations in common mental disorders, highlighting the potential of temporal stability as a biomarker.","['D006801', 'D063132', 'D012559', 'D008279', 'D001289', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D001921', 'D009415', 'D001714', 'D055815', 'D008875', 'D001523']"
38951512,Distinct genetic liability profiles define clinically relevant patient strata across common diseases.,"Stratified medicine holds great promise to tailor treatment to the needs of individual patients. While genetics holds great potential to aid patient stratification, it remains a major challenge to operationalize complex genetic risk factor profiles to deconstruct clinical heterogeneity. Contemporary approaches to this problem rely on polygenic risk scores (PRS), which provide only limited clinical utility and lack a clear biological foundation. To overcome these limitations, we develop the CASTom-iGEx approach to stratify individuals based on the aggregated impact of their genetic risk factor profiles on tissue specific gene expression levels. The paradigmatic application of this approach to coronary artery disease or schizophrenia patient cohorts identified diverse strata or biotypes. These biotypes are characterized by distinct endophenotype profiles as well as clinical parameters and are fundamentally distinct from PRS based groupings. In stark contrast to the latter, the CASTom-iGEx strategy discovers biologically meaningful and clinically actionable patient subgroups, where complex genetic liabilities are not randomly distributed across individuals but rather converge onto distinct disease relevant biological processes. These results support the notion of different patient biotypes characterized by partially distinct pathomechanisms. Thus, the universally applicable approach presented here has the potential to constitute an important component of future personalized medicine paradigms.","['D006801', 'D012559', 'D020412', 'D020022', 'D003324', 'D012307', 'D005260', 'D057285', 'D008297', 'D055106', 'D008875', 'D020641']"
38951485,CTCF mutation at R567 causes developmental disorders via 3D genome rearrangement and abnormal neurodevelopment.,"The three-dimensional genome structure organized by CTCF is required for development. Clinically identified mutations in CTCF have been linked to adverse developmental outcomes. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this investigation, we explore the regulatory roles of a clinically relevant R567W point mutation, located within the 11th zinc finger of CTCF, by introducing this mutation into both murine models and human embryonic stem cell-derived cortical organoid models. Mice with homozygous CTCFR567W mutation exhibit growth impediments, resulting in postnatal mortality, and deviations in brain, heart, and lung development at the pathological and single-cell transcriptome levels. This mutation induces premature stem-like cell exhaustion, accelerates the maturation of GABAergic neurons, and disrupts neurodevelopmental and synaptic pathways. Additionally, it specifically hinders CTCF binding to peripheral motifs upstream to the core consensus site, causing alterations in local chromatin structure and gene expression, particularly at the clustered protocadherin locus. Comparative analysis using human cortical organoids mirrors the consequences induced by this mutation. In summary, this study elucidates the influence of the CTCFR567W mutation on human neurodevelopmental disorders, paving the way for potential therapeutic interventions.","['D000076246', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D065886', 'D009940', 'D009154', 'D059330', 'D008297', 'D002843', 'D005260', 'D001921', 'D017354', 'D000066449']"
38951484,Whole-exome sequencing of individuals from an isolated population under extreme conditions implicates rare risk variants of schizophrenia.,"Schizophrenia (SCZ), which affects approximately 1% of the world's population, is a global public health concern. It is generally considered that the interplay between genes and the environment is important in the onset and/or development of SCZ. Although several whole-exome sequencing studies have revealed rare risk variants of SCZ, no rare coding variants have been strongly replicated. Assessing isolated populations under extreme conditions might lead to the discovery of variants with a recent origin, which are more likely to have a higher frequency than chance to reflect gene-environment interactions. Following this approach, we examined a unique cohort of Tibetans living at an average altitude above 4500 meters. Whole-exome sequencing of 47 SCZ cases and 53 controls revealed 275 potential novel risk variants and two known variants (12:46244485: A/G and 22:18905934: A/G) associated with SCZ that were found in existing databases. Only one gene (C5orf42) in the gene-based statistics surpassed the exome-wide significance in the cohort. Metascape enrichment analysis suggested that novel risk genes were strongly enriched in pathways relevant to hypoxia, neurodevelopment, and neurotransmission. Additionally, 47 new risk genes were followed up in Han sample of 279 patients with SCZ and 95 controls, only BAI2 variant appearing in one case. Our findings suggest that SCZ patients living at high altitudes may have a unique risk gene signature, which may provide additional information on the underlying biology of SCZ, which can be exploited to identify individuals at greater risk of exposure to hypoxia.","['D006801', 'D012559', 'D000073359', 'D008297', 'D020022', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D018609', 'D000531', 'D016022', 'D008875', 'D059647', 'D015331']"
38951287,Re-examining the factor structure of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and defining the meaningful within-individual change (MWIC) for subjects with insomnia disorder in two phase III clinical trials of the efficacy of lemborexant.,The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) is a widely used measure of insomnia severity. Various ISI research findings suggest different factor solutions and meaningful within-individual change (MWIC) to detect treatment response in patients with insomnia. This study examined an ISI factor solution and psychometric indices to define MWIC in a robust patient sample from clinical trial settings.,"['D006801', 'D007319', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012720', 'D008875', 'D011594', 'D000328', 'D005163', 'D016896', 'D012372', 'D011725', 'D011743']"
38951102,[Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of insomnia disorder in primary medical institutions].,"Insomnia disorder is the most common sleep disorder. It not only increases the risk of multiple somatic and mental disorders, but also carries a heavy social health economic burden. Currently, there is a lack of diagnosis and treatment standards for insomnia disorder in primary medical institutions at home and abroad. To this end, the Chinese Sleep Research Society organized domestic sleep medical experts in sleep medicine to develop this consensus based on the latest research on insomnia disorder. The current consensus elaborates on the pathophysiological mechanism, epidemiology, diagnosis, screening assessment, prevention and control measures and basic management, and has established a total of 15 recommendations. These recommendations aim to provide comprehensive and standardized references and guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia disorder.","['D006801', 'D007319', 'D032921', 'D002681']"
38951090,[A study of the correlation between gray matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis and impairment of cognitive function domains].,"Objective: To quantify cerebral cortical and deep gray matter atrophy in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and explore its correlation with impairment in domains of cognitive function. Methods: Twenty patients with MS and 16 healthy controls (HC) matched for age, sex, and education level were included. Using FreeSurfer software, based on 3D-MRI technology, the differences in cortical thickness and deep gray matter volume between the two groups were comparatively analyzed. A neuropsychological scale that included six domains of cognitive function was scored on both study groups to analyze the correlation between cortical thickness and volume of deep gray matter in MS patients with impairment in cognitive function domains. Results: Impairment in domains of cognitive function: cognitive impairment was present in 60% MS patients in this study, mainly manifesting as impairment of verbal memory, verbal fluency, visuospatial memory, and information processing speed function (all P<0.05). Of these, the majority had impaired visuospatial memory function (55.0%), and the least number of patients had impaired information processing speed (15.0%). Changes in cortical thickness: compared with the HC group, the MS group showed that cortical atrophy was mainly concentrated in the frontoparietal region, including significant thinning of cortical thickness in the left inferior parietal gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus, and the right superior parietal gyrus (all P<0.05). Among them, atrophy of the left inferior parietal gyrus was significantly positively correlated with the impairment of verbal memory, verbal fluency, and information processing speed (all P<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the right superior frontal gyrus atrophy and verbal memory, verbal fluency, and visuospatial memory impairment (all P<0.05). Changes in deep gray matter volume: compared with the HC group, deep gray matter volume in the MS group decreased significantly in the bilateral thalamus, bilateral putamen, bilateral pallidum (all P<0.01), and right nucleus accumbens (P<0.05). Among them, left thalamus atrophy was significantly positively correlated with visuospatial memory impairment (r=0.45, P=0.046), and left putamen atrophy was both significantly positively correlated with visuospatial memory (r=0.45, P=0.047) and information processing speed impairment (r=0.50, P=0.026). Conclusions: Early structural brain changes in MS are dominated by gray matter atrophy. Deep gray matter is more prominent than cortical atrophy.","['D006801', 'D066128', 'D003430', 'D009103', 'D001284', 'D008279', 'D003071', 'D060825', 'D002540', 'D009483', 'D008297', 'D005260']"
38951011,Fatigue and physical activity in post-CABG patients: the parallel mediation model of kinesiophobia and self-efficacy : a prospective multicentre and cross-sectional study in China.,The objective of this study was to investigate how kinesiophobia and self-efficacy explain the relationship between fatigue and physical activity (PA) in post-coronary artery bypass grafting (post-CABG) patients over the age of 45.,"['D006801', 'D020377', 'D003430', 'D008297', 'D011446', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D002681', 'D015444', 'D005221', 'D000368', 'D001026', 'D010698', 'D011795', 'D000092442']"
38951009,Person-centredness in dementia care: an integrative review of theoretical approaches.,This review identifies and examines theoretical approaches (components and objectives) to person-centred dementia care in order to obtain a better understanding of what is meant by the concept of person-centred dementia care.,"['D006801', 'D018802', 'D003704']"
38951008,"Helping ourselves, helping others: the Young Women's Breast Cancer Study (YWS) - a multisite prospective cohort study to advance the understanding of breast cancer diagnosed in women aged 40 years and younger.","Compared with older women diagnosed with breast cancer, younger women are more likely to die of breast cancer and more likely to suffer psychosocially in both the short-term and long term. The Young Women's Breast Cancer Study (YWS) is a multisite prospective cohort study established to address gaps in our knowledge about this vulnerable and understudied population.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D001943', 'D011446', 'D000328', 'D011788', 'D055815', 'D011247', 'D059247', 'D009656', 'D000071066', 'D013313']"
38951005,"Integrating evidence and causal mapping of help-seeking behaviour of migrant women with postpartum depression in Shanghai, China: a scoping review protocol.","The estimated prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) worldwide, in China, and Shanghai is 17.2%, 18.0% and 23.2%, respectively. In 2021, Shanghai housed a population of 3.2 million childbearing-age migrant women, most of whom migrated to the city with their husbands for economic reasons. There is a general lack of help-seeking behaviour for mental disorders in China due to the perceived risk of social stigmatisation. In Shanghai, 70% of women did not seek professional help for perinatal mental health problems. We aim to gather information from multiple perspectives, such as the migrant women with PPD and perinatal depression (PND), their caregivers, health service providers and communities, to understand the help-seeking behaviour of postpartum migrant women with PPD or PND in China.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D002681', 'D014171', 'D019052', 'D000066505', 'D010342', 'D012107', 'D011247', 'D012196']"
38950994,Cerina: cognitive-behavioural therapy-based mobile application for managing GAD symptoms among Ulster University Students in Northern Ireland - a protocol for a pilot feasibility randomised controlled trial.,"University students are one of the most vulnerable populations for anxiety disorders worldwide. In Northern Ireland, anxiety disorders appear to be more common among the university student population due to the population demographics across the region. Despite the need, these students show less inclination to access the widely available on-campus well-being services and other external professional services. Digital cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) aims to bridge this gap between the need for psychological help and access to it. However, challenges such as limited reach, low adoption, implementation barriers and poor long-term maintenance are mainstay issues resulting in reduced uptake of digital CBT. As a result, the potential impact of digital CBT is currently restricted. The proposed intervention 'Cerina' is a scalable CBT-based mobile app with an interactive user interface that can be implemented in university settings if found to be feasible and effective.","['D006801', 'D015928', 'D063731', 'D013334', 'D010865', 'D005240', 'D009660', 'D001008', 'D014495', 'D016037', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D055815', 'D016032', 'D000293', 'D011788', 'D000328']"
38950567,An Applied Model of Interprofessional Collaboration-Assessment (AMIC-A): A Process-Based Approach to Augmentative and Alternative Communication.,"Speech-language pathologists and board-certified behavior analysts both provide important support services to children who are candidates for augmentative and alternative communication. Current assessment practices neglect critical socioecological factors that are necessary to inform communication-based interventions. By leveraging the unique knowledge, research, and expertise of both disciplines, an interprofessional approach to assessment may help realize individualized or precision interventions and personalized supports that address the unique communication needs of each person. The purpose of this article is to introduce a process-based approach to assessment called the ""Applied Model of Interprofessional Collaboration-Assessment (AMIC-A)."" The AMIC-A will be defined and detailed including the rationale for development, a description of the approach, and recommendations for implementation. A case study example is provided to illustrate implementation of the AMIC-A.","['D006801', 'D013066', 'D007400', 'D003147', 'D003299', 'D002648', 'D003143']"
38950566,An Interprofessional Graduate Student and Family Coaching Program in Naturalistic Communication Techniques.,"Researchers implemented a short-term cascading coaching model focusing on naturalistic developmental behavioral intervention with three participant triads. Triads consisted of a graduate student clinician, a minimally verbal child with autism spectrum disorder, and the child's parent. Coaching and intervention occurred during an interprofessional summer clinic that included graduate student clinicians from special education and speech and hearing sciences departments. The efficacy of short-term instruction, researcher coaching for student clinicians, and student clinician coaching of parents was evaluated using a multiple baseline across participants' design. The dependent variables were student clinician's and parent's use of elicitation techniques (creating communication temptations, waiting, and prompting) and response techniques (naturally reinforcing children's communication and providing spoken language models). Following coaching, parents and student clinicians from all triads increased their use of elicitation and response techniques, with very large effect sizes across all variables. Visual analysis findings suggest individualized differences and variability across triads. Implications for graduate education and parent coaching programs are discussed.","['D006801', 'D000067877', 'D000071252', 'D008297', 'D003142', 'D005260', 'D004500', 'D002675', 'D010290', 'D002648', 'D013066']"
38950296,Most States Allow Medicaid Managed Care Plans Discretion To Restrict Substance Use Disorder Treatment Benefits.,"Managed care plans, which contract with states to cover three-quarters of Medicaid enrollees, play a crucial role in addressing the drug epidemic in the United States. However, substance use disorder benefits vary across Medicaid managed care plans, and it is unclear what role states play in regulating their activities. To address this question, we surveyed thirty-three states and Washington, D.C., regarding their substance use disorder treatment coverage and utilization management requirements for Medicaid managed care plans in 2021. Most states mandated coverage of common forms of substance use disorder treatment and prohibited annual maximums and enrollee cost sharing in managed care. Fewer than one-third of states forbade managed care plans from imposing prior authorization for each treatment service. For most treatment medications, fewer than two-thirds of states prohibited prior authorization, drug testing, ""fail first,"" or psychosocial therapy requirements in managed care. Our findings suggest that many states give managed care plans broad discretion to impose requirements on covered substance use disorder treatments, which may affect access to lifesaving care.","['D014481', 'D008329', 'D008484', 'D019966', 'D006801', 'D019458', 'D017047', 'D000078482']"
38950015,Efficacy of acupuncture combined with traditional Chinese herbal for primary epilepsy patients with cognitive impairment: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Epilepsy is a common and serious chronic neurological disorder, and some patients suffer from cognitive dysfunction. We aim to assess the efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with traditional Chinese herbal for primary epilepsy patients with cognitive impairment.","['D006801', 'D000078202', 'D060825', 'D004827', 'D015670', 'D015201', 'D004365', 'D016896', 'D016032', 'D011788', 'D003131']"
38949906,"A 2-Year, Randomized, Clinical Trial Examining the Effects of Speed of Processing Cognitive Training on Quality-of-Life Indicators in Adults With HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder in Birmingham, Alabama: Results of the Think Fast Study.","Speed of processing (SOP) cognitive training may improve indicators of the quality of life (QoL) in people living with HIV. In this 2-year, longitudinal, randomized, controlled trial, 216 participants ages 40 years and older with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder or borderline HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder were assigned to one of three groups: (a) 10 hr of SOP training (n = 70); (b) 20 hr of SOP training (n = 73), or (c) 10 hr of internet navigation control training (a contact control group; n = 73). Participants completed several QoL measures at baseline, posttest, and Year 1 and Year 2 follow-ups. Using linear mixed-effect models, no strong pattern of training effects across QoL outcomes was apparent, with small-magnitude, nonsignificant, between-group differences in depression, locus of control, and Medical Outcomes Study-HIV scales. In conclusion, despite prior work showing some transfer of SOP cognitive training improving QoL, that was not observed. Implications for research and practice are posited.","['D006801', 'D011788', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D015658', 'D000328', 'D000407', 'D008137', 'D016896', 'D015928', 'D003071', 'D003863', 'D019965', 'D015526', 'D000091942']"
38949766,Rearrest is associated with heightened callous-unemotional traits: No moderating effect of maternal relationship quality.,"The presence of callous-unemotional (CU) traits in adolescence predisposes youth to negative behavioral and social outcomes and may be particularly damaging to youth involved in the justice system. Whereas research has shown that CU traits predict later arrest, it remains unknown whether rearrest predicts changes in CU traits and whether these associations may be modified by maternal relationship quality. The present study assessed whether being rearrested predicted changes in CU traits and whether these associations varied by maternal warmth and maternal hostility.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000293', 'D009034', 'D005260', 'D007604', 'D008137', 'D006791', 'D004644', 'D000987']"
38949661,Sequential Presentation of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Narcolepsy in a 10-Year-Old Girl With Wolfram Syndrome 1.,"Wolfram syndrome 1 (WS1) is a rare, autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by diabetes insipidus, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness resulting from loss-of-function genetic variants in the WFS1 gene. Individuals with WS1 manifest a spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we report a pediatric case of WS1, which stemmed from a novel biallelic WFS1 loss-of-function genetic variant. The individual initially presented with obsessive-compulsive disorder, which was successfully managed by fluvoxamine. After 2 months, the child manifested excessive daytime sleepiness. Clinical evaluation and sleep recordings revealed a diagnosis of narcolepsy type 2. Excessive daytime sleepiness was improved with methylphenidate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of narcolepsy in WS1, which possibly arose during a progressive neurodegenerative process. We emphasize the need for in-depth screening for neuropsychiatric phenotypes and sleep-related disorders in WS1, for clinical management, which significantly improves the quality of life.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D014929', 'D009290', 'D009771', 'D002648', 'D008565']"
38949660,"Campbell's 1953 Book on ""Manic-Depressive Disease"": A Counter-Factual History of the DSM Symptomatic ""A Criteria"" for Major Depression.","The DSM-III symptomatic criteria for major depression (MD) were derived from those proposed by Feighner and colleagues in 1972, which closely resembled those published by Cassidy in 1957. I here present a counter-factual history in which Feighner carefully read a key reference in Cassidy, a large 1953 follow-up study by Campbell of depressed patients with detailed tables of depressive signs and symptoms. In this alternative timeline, the Feighner criteria for MD were modified by Campbell's results, which then changed DSM-III and subsequent MD criteria sets. The historical pathway to the current DSM MD criteria was contingent on a range of historical events and could easily have been different. This story is not meant to criticize DSM MD criteria that perform well. Rather, it suggests that these criteria represent a useful but fallible set of symptoms/signs that index but do not constitute MD and therefore are not to be reified.","['D006801', 'D003865', 'D039721', 'D049673', 'D001714']"
38949659,Can Patients With Narcissistic Personality Disorder Change? A Case Series.,"The study was set out to establish the potential for psychotherapy to effect improvements in patients with narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). Eight patients with NPD who improved in treatment were identified. Consensus clinician/investigator diagnostic scores from before and after the psychotherapies were retroactively established on the Diagnostic Interview for Narcissism (DIN) and the Diagnostic Statistic Manual for Psychiatric Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) Personality Disorder Section II criteria. Psychosocial functioning (work or school, romantic relationships) before and after the psychotherapies was retroactively evaluated as well. At the completion of the therapies after 2.5 to 5 years, all patients had improved, no longer met DIN or DSM-5 criteria for NPD, and showed better psychosocial functioning. Symptomatic improvements were associated with large effect sizes. In conclusion, changes in NPD can occur in treatment after 2.5 to 5 years. Future research should identify patient characteristics, interventions, and common processes in such improved cases that could help with development of treatments.","['D006801', 'D010554', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D011613', 'D016896', 'D009289', 'D055815', 'D039721', 'D000083623', 'D000097165']"
38949539,The effect of a single session of psychological first aid in the emergency department on PTSD and depressive symptoms three months post-intervention: results of a randomised controlled trial.,"Background: Despite its popularity, evidence of the effectiveness of Psychological First Aid (PFA) is scarce.Objective: To assess whether PFA, compared to psychoeducation (PsyEd), an attention placebo control, reduces PTSD and depressive symptoms three months post-intervention.Methods: In two emergency departments, 166 recent-trauma adult survivors were randomised to a single session of PFA (n = 78) (active listening, breathing retraining, categorisation of needs, assisted referral to social networks, and PsyEd) or stand-alone PsyEd (n = 88). PTSD and depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline (T0), one (T1), and three months post-intervention (T2) with the PTSD Checklist (PCL-C at T0 and PCL-S at T1/T2) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Self-reported side effects, post-trauma increased alcohol/substance consumption and interpersonal conflicts, and use of psychotropics, psychotherapy, sick leave, and complementary/alternative medicine were also explored.Results: 86 participants (51.81% of those randomised) dropped out at T2. A significant proportion of participants in the PsyEd group also received PFA components (i.e. contamination). From T0 to T2, we did not find a significant advantage of PFA in reducing PTSD (p = .148) or depressive symptoms (p = .201). However, we found a significant dose-response effect between the number of delivered components, session duration, and PTSD symptom reduction. No significant difference in self-reported adverse effects was found. At T2, a smaller proportion of participants assigned to PFA reported increased consumption of alcohol/substances (OR = 0.09, p = .003), interpersonal conflicts (OR = 0.27, p = .014), and having used psychotropics (OR = 0.23, p = .013) or sick leave (OR = 0.11, p = .047).Conclusions: Three months post-intervention, we did not find evidence that PFA outperforms PsyEd in reducing PTSD or depressive symptoms. Contamination may have affected our results. PFA, nonetheless, appears to be promising in modifying some post-trauma behaviours. Further research is needed.","['D006801', 'D013313', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D003863', 'D004636', 'D005392', 'D017741', 'D011613', 'D008875', 'D016896', 'D011569']"
38949209,The ReCoDe addiction research consortium: Losing and regaining control over drug intake-Findings and future perspectives.,"Substance use disorders (SUDs) are seen as a continuum ranging from goal-directed and hedonic drug use to loss of control over drug intake with aversive consequences for mental and physical health and social functioning. The main goals of our interdisciplinary German collaborative research centre on Losing and Regaining Control over Drug Intake (ReCoDe) are (i) to study triggers (drug cues, stressors, drug priming) and modifying factors (age, gender, physical activity, cognitive functions, childhood adversity, social factors, such as loneliness and social contact/interaction) that longitudinally modulate the trajectories of losing and regaining control over drug consumption under real-life conditions. (ii) To study underlying behavioural, cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms of disease trajectories and drug-related behaviours and (iii) to provide non-invasive mechanism-based interventions. These goals are achieved by: (A) using innovative mHealth (mobile health) tools to longitudinally monitor the effects of triggers and modifying factors on drug consumption patterns in real life in a cohort of 900 patients with alcohol use disorder. This approach will be complemented by animal models of addiction with 24/7 automated behavioural monitoring across an entire disease trajectory; i.e. from a naïve state to a drug-taking state to an addiction or resilience-like state. (B) The identification and, if applicable, computational modelling of key molecular, neurobiological and psychological mechanisms (e.g., reduced cognitive flexibility) mediating the effects of such triggers and modifying factors on disease trajectories. (C) Developing and testing non-invasive interventions (e.g., Just-In-Time-Adaptive-Interventions (JITAIs), various non-invasive brain stimulations (NIBS), individualized physical activity) that specifically target the underlying mechanisms for regaining control over drug intake. Here, we will report on the most important results of the first funding period and outline our future research strategy.","['D006801', 'D019966', 'D000818', 'D005858', 'D016739', 'D000437']"
38949208,Epigenetic and sex differences in opioid use disorder in chronic pain: A real-world study linked with OPRM1 DNA methylation.,"Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a multifaceted condition influenced by sex, genetic and environmental factors that could be linked with epigenetic changes. Understanding how these factors interact is crucial to understand and address the development and progression of this disorder. Our aim was to elucidate different potential epigenetic and genetic mechanisms between women and men that correlate with OUD under real-world pain unit conditions. Associations between analgesic response and the DNA methylation level of the opioid mu receptor (OPRM1) gene (CpG sites 1-5 selected in the promoter region) were evaluated in 345 long opioid-treated chronic non cancer pain: cases with OUD (n = 67) and controls (without OUD, n = 278). Cases showed younger ages, low employment status and quality of life, but higher morphine equivalent daily dose and psychotropic use, compared to the controls. The patients with OUD showed a significant decrease in OPRM1 DNA methylation, which correlated with clinical outcomes like pain relief, depression and different adverse events. Significant differences were found at the five CpG sites studied for men, and exclusively in women for CpG site 3, in relation to OUD diagnosis. These findings support the importance of epigenetics and sex as biological variables to be considered toward efficient OUD understanding and therapy development.","['D006801', 'D017450', 'D019175', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D044127', 'D059350', 'D009293', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D012737', 'D000701', 'D016022', 'D018899', 'D011788']"
38956405,"Renal excretion of 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) in firefighting instructors after exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during live fire training.","Exposure of firefighting instructors to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as naphthalene is unavoidable during live fire training. The study aimed to investigate naphthalene uptake by measuring the urinary excretion of the naphthalene metabolite 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN), to describe the DHN elimination kinetics and to evaluate the results by comparison to further biomarkers of PAH exposure. N = 6 male non-smoking firefighting instructors completed five training sessions each in a residential fire simulation unit under respiratory protection. All participants provided two urine samples before and another seven samples within an 18-h-interval after each session. DHN was detected by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) in all samples (n = 237) with median concentrations ranging from 3.3 µg/g crea. (range 0.9-10.2) before exposure to 134.2 µg/g crea. (43.4-380.4) post exposure. Maximum elimination found 3.3 h (median) after onset of exposure decreased with a mean half-life of 6.6 h to 27.1 µg/g crea. (15.7-139.5) 18 h after training. DHN sensitively indicated a presumed dermal naphthalene intake during training, showing similar elimination kinetics like other naphthalene metabolites. Internal exposure of the participants transiently exceeded exposures determined for non-smokers in the general population, but was lower than at other workplaces with PAH exposure. Despite limited uptake, accumulation is possible with daily exposure.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D061388', 'D016273', 'D000328', 'D011084', 'D009284', 'D009281', 'D065667', 'D008401', 'D015415', 'D008875', 'D005390']"
38956306,Association between admission pan-immune-inflammation value and short-term mortality in septic patients: a retrospective cohort study.,"Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value (PIV) has recently received more attention as a novel indicator of inflammation. We aimed to evaluate the association between PIV and prognosis in septic patients. Data were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database. The primary and secondary outcomes were 28-day and 90-day mortality. The association between PIV and outcomes was assessed by Kaplan-Meier curves, Cox regression analysis, restricted cubic spline curves and subgroup analysis. A total of 11,331 septic patients were included. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that septic patients with higher PIV had lower 28-day survival rate. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, log2-PIV was positively associated with the risk of 28-day mortality [HR (95% CI) 1.06 (1.03, 1.09), P < 0.001]. The relationship between log2-PIV and 28-day mortality was non-linear with a predicted inflection point at 8. To the right of the inflection point, high log2-PIV was associated with an increased 28-day mortality risk [HR (95% CI) 1.13 (1.09, 1.18), P < 0.001]. However, to the left of this point, this association was non-significant [HR (95% CI) 1.01 (0.94, 1.08), P = 0.791]. Similar results were found for 90-day mortality. Our study showed a non-linear relationship between PIV and 28-day and 90-day mortality risk in septic patients.","['D006801', 'D018805', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D011379', 'D007249', 'D053208', 'D015415', 'D007362', 'D016016']"
38956290,A prognostic model for anoikis-related genes in pancreatic cancer.,"Anoikis, a distinct form of programmed cell death, is crucial for both organismal development and maintaining tissue equilibrium. Its role extends to the proliferation and progression of cancer cells. This study aimed to establish an anoikis-related prognostic model to predict the prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) patients. Gene expression data and patient clinical profiles were sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-PAAD: Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC-PACA: Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma). Non-cancerous pancreatic tissue gene expression data were obtained from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. The R package was used to construct anoikis-related PC prognostic models, which were later validated with the ICGC-PACA database. Survival analyses demonstrated a poorer prognosis for patients in the high-risk group, consistent across both TCGA-PAAD and ICGC-PACA datasets. A nomogram was designed as a predictive tool to estimate patient mortality. The study also analyzed tumor mutations and immune infiltration across various risk groups, uncovering notable differences in tumor mutation patterns and immune landscapes between high- and low-risk groups. In conclusion, this research successfully developed a prognostic model centered on anoikis-related genes, offering a novel tool for predicting the clinical trajectory of PC patients.","['D023102', 'D006801', 'D010190', 'D011379', 'D015972', 'D021441', 'D049451', 'D014408', 'D009154', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D016019', 'D020869']"
38956273,Impending role of inflammatory markers and their specificity and sensitivity in breast cancer patients.,"Cancer and related disorders are the most common cause of cancer-related mortality with the incidence of 1 in 9 among the pre-menopausal Pakistani females. among the most common ailments worldwide, indicating the importance of developing particular techniques that could help attenuate the effects of breast cancer and related outcomes. The primary aim of the current study was to review the role of inflammatory and stress markers in the development and progression of breast cancer. Four hundred ninety-eight (n = 498) patients with breast cancer and four hundred and ninety-eight (n = 498) age- and sex-matched controls were selected for this case‒control study. Serum samples were obtained, and the levels of stress and inflammatory markers, including Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), Interleukins (ILs), Heat shock proteins (HSPs), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric Oxide (NO), inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) and Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), were determined. Most (62%) patients had metastatic breast cancer (stage III or IV) with an adverse grade (65% with Grade III and 35% with Grade II). The present study showed that the levels of oxidants such as MDA, ILs, MMPs and HSPs were significantly greater, while the levels of antioxidants such as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT), vitamin A, C and D were significantly lower in breast cancer patients than in controls, suggesting their diagnostic importance and role in the pathophysiology of breast cancer. Oxidants, including IL-1, HSP27 and MMP9, which are highly specific and sensitive, may be used to develop the pathophysiological pathways of metastatic breast cancer in these patients. These pathways include cell invasion, cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Therefore, we concluded that an increase in growth factors, e.g., Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Tumour Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) and B-cell lymphoma (Bcl2), under the influence of these variables plays a crucial role in the metastasis of breast cancer.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D001943', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D014408', 'D016022', 'D007249', 'D018384', 'D008315', 'D009569']"
38956252,Understanding the value of monocyte distribution width (MDW) in acutely ill medical patients presenting to the emergency department: a prospective single center evaluation.,"The monocyte distribution width (MDW) has emerged as a promising biomarker for accurate and early identification of patients with potentially life-threatening infections. Here we tested the diagnostic performance of MDW in adult patients requiring hospital admission for community-acquired infections and sepsis, evaluated sources of heterogeneity in the estimates of diagnostic accuracy, and assessed the meaning of MDW in a patient population presenting to the emergency department (ED) for acute non-infectious conditions. 1925 consecutive patients were categorized into three groups: non-infection (n = 1507), infection (n = 316), and sepsis/septic shock (n = 102). Diagnostic performance for infection or sepsis of MDW alone or in combination with components of SOFA was tested using AUC of ROC curves, sensitivity, and specificity. The relationship between MDW and different pathogens as well as the impact of non-infectious conditions on MDW values were explored. For the prediction of infection, the AUC/ROC of MDW (0.84) was nearly overlapping that of procalcitonin (0.83), and C-reactive protein (0.89). Statistical optimal cut-off value for MDW was 21 for predicting infection (sensitivity 73%, specificity 82%) and 22 for predicting sepsis (sensitivity 79%, specificity 83%). The best threshold to rule out infection was MDW ≤ 17 (NPV 96.9, 95% CI 88.3-100.0), and ≤ 18 (NPV 99.5, 95% CI 98.3-100.0) to rule out sepsis. The combination of MDW with markers of organ dysfunction (creatinine, bilirubin, platelets) substantially improved the AUC (0.96 (95% CI 0.94-0.97); specificity and sensitivity of 88% and 94%, respectively). In conclusion, MDW has a good diagnostic performance in diagnosing infection and sepsis in patients presenting in ED. Its use as an infection marker even increases when combined with other markers of organ dysfunction. Understanding the impact of interactions of non-infectious conditions and comorbidities on MDW and its diagnostic accuracy requires further elucidation.","['D006801', 'D004636', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D011446', 'D000368', 'D018805', 'D009000', 'D015415', 'D000328', 'D012372', 'D000208', 'D000369', 'D017714', 'D012680']"
38956223,Clinical serum lipidomic profiling revealed potential lipid biomarkers for early diabetic retinopathy.,"Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication of diabetes featuring abnormal lipid metabolism. However, the specific lipid molecules associated with onset and progression remain unclear. We used a broad-targeted lipidomics approach to assess the lipid changes that occur before the proliferative retinopathy stage and to identify novel lipid biomarkers to distinguish between patients without DR (NDR) and with non-proliferative DR (NPDR). Targeted lipomics analysis was carried out on serum samples from patients with type I diabetes, including 20 NDRs and 20 NPDRs. The results showed that compared with the NDR group, 102 lipids in the NPDR group showed specific expressions. Four lipid metabolites including TAG58:2-FA18:1 were obtained using the Least Absolute Shrink And Selection Operator (LASSO) and Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE) methods. The four-lipid combination diagnostic models showed good predictive ability in both the discovery and validation sets, and were able to distinguish between NDR patients and NPDR patients. The identified lipid markers significantly improved diagnostic accuracy within the NPDR group. Our findings help to better understand the complexity and individual differences of DR lipid metabolism.","['D006801', 'D003930', 'D015415', 'D000081362', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008055', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D050356', 'D003922']"
38955728,[Analysis of clinical characteristics and risk factors of chest tightness variant asthma in children].,"Objective: To analyze the clinical features and risk factors of chest tightness variant asthma (CTVA) in children, so as to provide basis for the prevention and management of the disease. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze 178 children aged 6-17 years old who were admitted to the Department of Allergy, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital from January 2021 to January 2023 due to chest tightness. The age was 8.83(7.50, 11.58) years old, with 89 males (50%) and 89 females (50%). According to the diagnosis of CTVA, 130 cases were divided into CTVA group and 48 non-CTVA cases were divided into control group. Demographic data, personal history, family history, clinical features, auxiliary examination results and other data were collected. The clinical characteristics, allergens, FeNO level and pulmonary function parameters of the two groups were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors of the disease. Results: The proportion of school-age children (6-11 years old) in CTVA group was higher than that of adolescent children (≥12 years old) [(113/130,86.9%) vs (26/48,54.2%),Z=21.985,P<0.01]. The proportion of CTVA combined with eczema [(74/130,56.9%) vs (19/48,39.6%), χ2=4.225,P<0.05] and rhinitis symptoms [(98/130,75.4%) vs (27/48,56.2%), χ2=6.138,P<0.05] was higher. The positive rates of mold sensitization [(52/130,40.0%) vs (11/48,22.9%), χ2=4.474,P<0.05] and multiple sensitization [(71/130,54.6%) vs (18/48,37.5%), χ2=4.108,P<0.05] in inhaled allergens were significantly higher than those of control group. The proportion of elevated FeNO (>20 ppb) in CTVA children was 20.8% (27/130), which was significantly higher than that in control group 4.2%(2/48)(χ2=7.086,P<0.01). There were no statistical differences in spirometry parameters FEV1 and FVC between CTVA group and control group (P both>0.05). FEV1/FVC, PEF, FEF25, FEF50, FEF75 and MMEF were significantly lower than those in control group (P all<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that rhinitis symptoms (OR=2.351, 95%CI 1.105-5.002, P=0.026), multiple sensitizations (OR=2.184, 95%CI 1.046-4.557, P=0.038), tIgE>60 kU/L(OR=3.080, 95%CI 1.239-7.654, P=0.015), FeNO>20 ppb (OR=6.734, 95%CI 1.473-30.796, P=0.014) and small airway dysfunction (OR=3.164, 95%CI 1.089-9.194, P=0.034) were risk factors for chest tightness variant asthma. FeNO combined with FEF50 has the largest area under the curve (Z=2.744, P<0.01) in diagnosing CTVA. Conclusion: CTVA is more common in school-age children than in adolescent children. Rhinitis symptoms, multiple sensitization, tIgE>60 kU/L, FeNO>20 ppb and small airway dysfunction are risk factors for chest tightness variant asthma. FeNO combined with small airway indexes can improve the diagnostic value of CTVA.","['D006801', 'D002648', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012307', 'D001249', 'D003430', 'D000293', 'D000485', 'D012129', 'D016015']"
38955727,[Analysis of pollen sensitization characteristics of artemisia allergic rhinitis in three urban and rural areas of Inner Mongolia].,"Objective: To investigate the distribution rules of artemisia pollen and the clinical sensitization characteristics of allergic rhinitis (AR) induced by artemisia pollen in three urban and rural areas of Inner Mongolia. Methods: From March to October 2019, in 3 central cities (Chifeng, Hohhot, Ordos) and rural areas of Inner Mongolia, an epidemiological investigation method combining multi-stage stratified random sampling and face-to-face questionnaire survey was adopted to screen suspected AR patients, and skin prick test (SPT) was applied for diagnosis. At the same time, pollen monitoring was carried out in 3 areas to analyze the distribution and clinical sensitization characteristics of artemisia pollen.SPSS26.0 statistical software was used to process all the data. Chi-square test was used to compare rates among different age, sex, region and nationality, Spearman test was used to describe correlation analysis, and pairwise comparison of positive rates among multiple samples was used Bonferroni method. Results: Among the 6 393 subjects, 1 093 cases were diagnosed with AR, and the prevalence of AR was 17.10% (1 093/6 393). Among them, pollen-induced allergic rhinitis, the prevalence of PiAR was 10.97% (701/6 393), accounting for 64.14%(701/1 093).The highest incidence was in the youth group (20-39 years old), accounting for 46.94% (329/701).The diagnosed prevalence was higher in females than in males (11.35% vs. 10.64%, χ2 value 12.304, P<0.001).The prevalence rate of ethnic minority was higher than that of Han nationality (13.01% vs. 10.65%, χ2 value 6.296, P=0.008).The prevalence in urban areas was also significantly higher than that in rural areas (18.40% vs. 5.50%, χ2 value 10.497, P<0.001).There was significant difference in prevalence rate among the three regions in Inner Mongolia (6.06% in Chifeng, 13.46% in Hohhot, 16.39% in Ordos, χ2 value 70.054, P<0.001).The main clinical symptoms of artemisia PiAR were sneezing (95.58%), nasal congestion (91.73%) and nasal itching (89.30%).Allergic conjunctivitis accounted for 79.60% (558/701), chronic sinusitis for 55.63% (390/701), asthma for 23.25% (163/701).The pattern of artemisia pollen sensitization was mainly multiple sensitization, and the frequency of clinical symptoms and clinical diseases induced by hypersensitization with other allergens accounted for more than that caused by single artemisia pollen. The spread period of Artemisia pollen in the three regions was from June to October, and the peak state was in August in summer. The peak time of clinical symptoms in artemisia PiAR patients was about 2 weeks earlier than the peak time of pollen concentration, and the two were significantly positively correlated (R=0.7671, P<0.001). Conclusion: Artemisia pollens are the dominant pollens in late summer and early autumn in Inner Mongolia, and the prevalence of artemisia PiAR is high. Controlling the spread of Artemisia pollens is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of AR.","['D006801', 'D019306', 'D011058', 'D012424', 'D002681', 'D015995', 'D014505', 'D012882', 'D065631', 'D011795', 'D000485', 'D006255', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D055815']"
38955694,[Interpretation on the update of 2022 WHO classification of neuroendocrine tumors].,"The 5th edition of the WHO Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Oncology Blue Book, released in 2022, contained some changes in the classification of neuroendocrine tumors. A brief summary of the main changes has been provided in this section. Mainly summarized as changes in naming, differentiation and classification of neuroendocrine tumors, and tumor grading systems related to anatomical locations, morphological characteristics of neuroendocrine tumors in different locations, auxiliary diagnostic and prognostic/therapeutic markers, differential diagnosis and diagnostic difficulties of neuroendocrine tumors.","['D006801', 'D018358', 'D014944', 'D003937', 'D060787', 'D014408', 'D011379']"
38955423,IFNγ mediates the resistance of tumor cells to distinct NK cell subsets.,"Immune checkpoint blockade targeting the adaptive immune system has revolutionized the treatment of cancer. Despite impressive clinical benefits observed, patient subgroups remain non-responsive underscoring the necessity for combinational therapies harnessing additional immune cells. Natural killer (NK) cells are emerging tools for cancer therapy. However, only subpopulations of NK cells that are differentially controlled by inhibitory receptors exert reactivity against particular cancer types. How to leverage the complete anti-tumor potential of all NK cell subsets without favoring the emergence of NK cell-resistant tumor cells remains unresolved.","['D006801', 'D007694', 'D007371', 'D008545', 'D045744', 'D018920']"
38955420,Bendamustine is a safe and effective lymphodepletion agent for axicabtagene ciloleucel in patients with refractory or relapsed large B-cell lymphoma.,"Fludarabine in combination with cyclophosphamide (FC) is the standard lymphodepletion regimen for CAR T-cell therapy (CAR T). A national fludarabine shortage in 2022 necessitated the exploration of alternative regimens with many centers employing single-agent bendamustine as lymphodepletion despite a lack of clinical safety and efficacy data. To fill this gap in the literature, we evaluated the safety, efficacy, and expansion kinetics of bendamustine as lymphodepletion prior to axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) therapy.","['D006801', 'D000069461', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D016403', 'D001688', 'D000328', 'D016219', 'D018941']"
38956271,"Effects of IL-6, JAK, TNF inhibitors, and CTLA4-Ig on knee symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.","This study aims to identify factors influencing the alleviation of knee joint symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with biologic or target synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs). Among 2321 patients who started b/tsDMARDs between 2010 and 2023, we focused on 295 patients who had knee swelling or tenderness at the initiation of b/tsDMARDs and continued b/tsDMARDs at least 3 months, with recorded knee symptoms 6 months later. Symptom relief after 6 months was 78.2% for interleukin 6 (IL-6) inhibitors, 68.6% for Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, 65.8% for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, and 57.6% for cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4-Ig (CTLA4-Ig). The initial use of b/tsDMARDs and the use of IL-6 inhibitors in comparison to CTLA4-Ig emerged as a significant factor associated with the improvement of knee joint symptoms. Among 141 patients who underwent knee radiography at baseline and two years later, the deterioration in knee joint radiographs was 7.7% for IL-6 inhibitors, 6.3% for JAK inhibitors, 21.9% for TNF inhibitors, and 25.9% for CTLA4-Ig. The use of IL-6 inhibitors was a significant factor associated with the improvement of knee joint symptoms and the inhibition of joint destruction compared to CTLA4-Ig.","['D006801', 'D001172', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D015850', 'D008875', 'D000069594', 'D018501', 'D000079424', 'D000368', 'D007719', 'D000328', 'D000075242', 'D016896', 'D014409']"
38956206,"Durian fruit pulp extract enhances intracellular glutathione levels, mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation for neuroprotection.","Durian (Durio zibethinus L.) fruit pulp is a rich source of γ-glutamylcysteine (γ-EC), a direct precursor to the antioxidant glutathione (GSH). This study elucidated the in vitro neuroprotective potential of unripe durian fruit pulp extract (UDE) against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and neuroinflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 cells. Treatments with γ-EC, GSH standards, or UDE exhibited no cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y and BV-2 cells, except at high concentrations. A 4-h pretreatment with 100 µM γ-EC or UDE containing 100 µM γ-EC significantly increased SH-SY5Y cell viability post H2O2 induction. Moreover, a similar pretreatment reduced LPS-stimulated production of proinflammatory cytokines in BV-2 cells. The neuroprotective effect of UDE is primarily attributed to γ-EC provision and the promotion of GSH synthesis, which in turn elevates intracellular GSH levels and reduces proinflammatory cytokines. This study identifies γ-EC in UDE as a potential neuroprotective biomarker boosting intracellular GSH levels, providing insights into UDE's therapeutic potential.","['D005978', 'D018384', 'D010936', 'D018696', 'D006801', 'D005638', 'D000818', 'D007249', 'D008070', 'D000066829', 'D051379', 'D002470', 'D006861', 'D000975', 'D045744', 'D002460', 'D016207', 'D004151']"
38956171,Synthesis and characterization of novel histidine functionalized chitosan nanoformulations and its bioactivity in tomato plant.,"The use of novel active ingredients for the functional modification of chitosan nanoformulations has attracted global attention. In this study, chitosan has been functionalized via histidine to craft novel chitosan-histidine nanoformulation (C-H NF) using ionic gelation method. C-H NF exhibited elite physico-biochemical properties, influencing physiological and biochemical dynamics in Tomato. These elite properties include homogenous-sized nanoparticles (314.4 nm), lower PDI (0.218), viscosity (1.43 Cps), higher zeta potential (11.2 mV), nanoparticle concentration/ml (3.53 × 108), conductivity (0.046 mS/cm), encapsulation efficiency (53%), loading capacity (24%) and yield (32.17%). FTIR spectroscopy revealed histidine interaction with C-H NF, while SEM and TEM exposed its porous structure. Application of C-H NF to Tomato seedling and potted plants through seed treatment and foliar spray positively impacts growth parameters, antioxidant-defense enzyme activities, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and chlorophyll and nitrogen content. We claim that the histidine-functionalized chitosan nanoformulation enhances physico-biochemical properties, highlighting its potential to elevate biochemical and physiological processes of Tomato plant.","['D018551', 'D048271', 'D006639', 'D053758', 'D017382', 'D000975', 'D002734', 'D036226', 'D017550']"
38956110,Salt stress amelioration and nutrient strengthening in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) via biochar amendment and zinc fortification: seed priming versus foliar application.,"Soil salinity is a major nutritional challenge with poor agriculture production characterized by high sodium (Na+) ions in the soil. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and biochar have received attention as a sustainable strategy to reduce biotic and abiotic stress. However, there is a lack of information regarding the incorporation of ZnO NPs with biochar to ameliorate the salinity stress (0, 50,100 mM). Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the potentials of ZnO NPs application (priming and foliar) alone and with a combination of biochar on the growth and nutrient availability of spinach plants under salinity stress. Results demonstrated that salinity stress at a higher rate (100 mM) showed maximum growth retardation by inducing oxidative stress, resulted in reduced photosynthetic rate and nutrient availability. ZnO NPs (priming and foliar) alone enhanced growth, chlorophyll contents and gas exchange parameters by improving the antioxidant enzymes activity of spinach under salinity stress. While, a significant and more pronounced effect was observed at combined treatments of ZnO NPs with biochar amendment. More importantly, ZnO NPs foliar application with biochar significantly reduced the Na+ contents in root 57.69%, and leaves 61.27% of spinach as compared to the respective control. Furthermore, higher nutrient contents were also found at the combined treatment of ZnO NPs foliar application with biochar. Overall, ZnO NPs combined application with biochar proved to be an efficient and sustainable strategy to alleviate salinity stress and improve crop nutritional quality under salinity stress. We inferred that ZnO NPs foliar application with a combination of biochar is more effectual in improving crop nutritional status and salinity mitigation than priming treatments with a combination of biochar.","['D018724', 'D002606', 'D000077323', 'D015034', 'D018515', 'D010788', 'D015032', 'D000078622', 'D002734', 'D012639', 'D000975', 'D012987', 'D018384', 'D054712']"
38956086,Impact of baseline ECG characteristics on changes in cardiac biomarkers and echocardiographic metrices after acute myocardial infarction treated with Empagliflozin.,"The EMMY trial was a multicentre, investigator-initiated, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, which enrolled 476 patients immediately following AMI and the first study demonstrating a significant reduction in NT-proBNP-levels as well as significant improvements in cardiac structure and function in patients after acute myocardial infarction treated with empagliflozin vs. placebo. However, hardly any data are available investigating the prognostic role of baseline electrocardiogram metrics in SGLT2-inhibitor-treated patients. This post-hoc analysis investigated the association of baseline ECG metrics collected in one centre of the trial (181 patients) with changes in structural and functional cardiac parameters as well as cardiac biomarkers in response to Empagliflozin treatment. A total of 181 patients (146 men; mean age 58 ± 14 years) were included. Median PQ-interval was 156 (IQR 144-174) milliseconds (ms), QRS width 92 (84-98) ms, QTc interval 453 (428-478) ms, Q-wave duration 45 (40-60) ms, Q-wave amplitude 0.40 (0.30-0.70) millivolt (mV), and heart rate was 71 (64-85) bpm. For functional cardiac parameters (LVEF and E/e') of the entire cohort, a greater decrease of E/e' from baseline to week 26 was observed in shorter QRS width (P = 0.005).Structural cardiac endpoints were only found to have a significant positive correlation between LVEDD and Q wave duration (P = 0.037). Higher heart rate was significantly correlated with better response in LVEF (P = 0.001), E/e' (P = 0.021), and NT-proBNP (P = 0.005). Empagliflozin-treatment showed no interaction with the results. Baseline ECG characteristics post AMI are neither predictive for beneficial NTproBNP effects of Empagliflozin post AMI, nor for functional or structural changes within 26 weeks post AMI.","['D006801', 'D001559', 'D005960', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D004562', 'D015415', 'D009203', 'D000368', 'D004311', 'D004452', 'D020097', 'D000077203', 'D010446']"
38956025,Synthetic high-density lipoprotein (sHDL): a bioinspired nanotherapeutics for managing periapical bone inflammation.,"Apical periodontitis (AP) is a dental-driven condition caused by pathogens and their toxins infecting the inner portion of the tooth (i.e., dental pulp tissue), resulting in inflammation and apical bone resorption affecting 50% of the worldwide population, with more than 15 million root canals performed annually in the United States. Current treatment involves cleaning and decontaminating the infected tissue with chemo-mechanical approaches and materials introduced years ago, such as calcium hydroxide, zinc oxide-eugenol, or even formalin products. Here, we present, for the first time, a nanotherapeutics based on using synthetic high-density lipoprotein (sHDL) as an innovative and safe strategy to manage dental bone inflammation. sHDL application in concentrations ranging from 25 µg to 100 µg/mL decreases nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB) activation promoted by an inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). Moreover, sHDL at 500 µg/mL concentration markedly decreases in vitro osteoclastogenesis (P < 0.001), and inhibits IL-1α (P = 0.027), TNF-α (P = 0.004), and IL-6 (P < 0.001) production in an inflammatory state. Notably, sHDL strongly dampens the Toll-Like Receptor signaling pathway facing LPS stimulation, mainly by downregulating at least 3-fold the pro-inflammatory genes, such as Il1b, Il1a, Il6, Ptgs2, and Tnf. In vivo, the lipoprotein nanoparticle applied after NaOCl reduced bone resorption volume to (1.3 ± 0.05) mm3 and attenuated the inflammatory reaction after treatment to (1 090 ± 184) cells compared to non-treated animals that had (2.9 ± 0.6) mm3 (P = 0.012 3) and (2 443 ± 931) cells (P = 0.004), thus highlighting its promising clinical potential as an alternative therapeutic for managing dental bone inflammation.","['D000818', 'D008075', 'D010485', 'D016328', 'D051379', 'D008070', 'D010012', 'D006801', 'D010010', 'D053758']"
38955754,[Characteristics of the tumor microenvironment and therapeutic progress in malignant pleural effusion].,"Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) can be secondary to various advanced malignant tumors. Although systemic anti tumor therapy may be effective in primary tumors, it cannot reduce the accumulation of MPE in proportion of the patients. The interaction of tumor cells, immune cells, and mesenchymal cells, as well as the abnormal proliferation of tumor-associated blood vessels, together create an immunosuppressive microenvironment for MPE, which promotes the abnormal proliferation of tumor cells and the accumulation of MPE. With the in-depth study of the tumor microenvironment, the application of local systemic anti-tumor therapy with local intrathoracic application of immune checkpoint inhibitors, immune cells, cytokines, and gene-mediated cytotoxic immunotherapy are able to alleviate the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and inhibit the accumulation of MPE. This article aimed to describe the tumor microenvironment in MPE and provide clues for identifying novel therapeutic targets.","['D059016', 'D006801', 'D016066', 'D007167', 'D016207', 'D000082082']"
38955708,[The application value of alizarin red S in vascular calcification].,目的： 探讨茜素红S（alizarin red S）染色在血管钙化疾病中的应用价值。 方法： 选择钙盐含量高、中、低的组织共31例分别进行茜素红S染色和von Kossa硝酸银染色，对比2种不同染色法的一致性。对58例慢性肾病，17例动脉粥样硬化以及13例主动脉夹层血管组织进行茜素红S染色观察钙化情况。 结果： 茜素红S染色和硝酸银染色对高、中、低钙含量组织31例均能明确着色，结果差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），但在钙盐颗粒信号显示方面，茜素红S染色明显强于硝酸银染色，且前者比后者更易识别杂质。在染色时间方面，茜素红S染色明显短于硝酸银染色法（40 s比30 min）。使用茜素红S法染色：53%（31/58）慢性肾病、13例（13/17）动脉粥样硬化和13例（13/13）主动脉夹层组织可见钙盐沉积，获得双盲一致的结果。 结论： 茜素红S染色和硝酸银染色的检测结果一致，但前者相比后者具有操作快捷简便的特点，且阳性信号更容易识别，可作为血管钙化疾病中显示钙盐沉积的首选方法推荐。.,"['D006801', 'D000880', 'D061205', 'D050197', 'D012835', 'D051436', 'D013194', 'D001014', 'D002118', 'D016622']"
38954805,"FOXN2, identified as a novel biomarker in serum, modulates the transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway through its interaction with partitioning defective 6 homolog alpha, contributing to the pathogenesis of gastric cancer.","Dysregulated expression of Forkhead Box N2 (FOXN2) has been detected in various cancer types. However, the underlying mechanisms by which FOXN2 contributes to the onset and progression of gastric cancer (GC) remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to elucidate the potential role of FOXN2 within GC, its downstream molecular mechanisms, and its feasibility as a novel serum biomarker for GC.","['D006801', 'D013274', 'D051858', 'D015398', 'D014408', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D016212', 'D058750', 'D049109', 'D045744', 'D017209', 'D002465', 'D000368', 'D015972']"
38954689,Immune cells and checkpoints in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Association with clinical and pathological characteristics.,"Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is an extremely aggressive neoplasm, with many challenges to be overcome in order to achieve a truly effective treatment. It is characterized by a mostly immunosuppressed environment, with dysfunctional immune cells and active immunoinhibitory pathways that favor tumor evasion and progression. Thus, the study and understanding of the tumor microenvironment and the various cells subtypes and their functional capacities are essential to achieve more effective treatments, especially with the use of new immunotherapeutics.","['D006801', 'D010190', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000230', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D059016', 'D060890', 'D059951', 'D061027', 'D011379', 'D018414', 'D000328', 'D050378', 'D000369', 'D008264']"
38954120,Comparison of intravitreal bevacizumab monotherapy and combined laser photocoagulation and intravitreal bevacizumab therapy in the same session in the treatment of aggressive retinopathy of prematurity.,To compare the results of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) monotherapy and combined intravitreal bevacizumab and laser photocoagulation (LPC) therapies applied in the same session to patients with aggressive retinopathy of prematurity (A-ROP) in our clinic.,"['D006801', 'D000068258', 'D012178', 'D058449', 'D020533', 'D017075', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D007231', 'D012189', 'D016896', 'D042461', 'D003131', 'D005865', 'D005500', 'D007223']"
38954109,Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the BZR gene family in Zanthoxylum armatum DC and functional analysis of ZaBZR1 in drought tolerance.,"In this study, six ZaBZRs were identified in Zanthoxylum armatum DC, and all the ZaBZRs were upregulated by abscisic acid (ABA) and drought. Overexpression of ZaBZR1 enhanced the drought tolerance of transgenic Nicotiana benthamian. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a pivotal class of sterol hormones in plants that play a crucial role in plant growth and development. BZR (brassinazole resistant) is a crucial transcription factor in the signal transduction pathway of BRs. However, the BZR gene family members have not yet been identified in Zanthoxylum armatum DC. In this study, six members of the ZaBZR family were identified by bioinformatic methods. All six ZaBZRs exhibited multiple phosphorylation sites. Phylogenetic and collinearity analyses revealed a closest relationship between ZaBZRs and ZbBZRs located on the B subgenomes. Expression analysis revealed tissue-specific expression patterns of ZaBZRs in Z. armatum, and their promoter regions contained cis-acting elements associated with hormone response and stress induction. Additionally, all six ZaBZRs showed upregulation upon treatment after abscisic acid (ABA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), indicating their participation in drought response. Subsequently, we conducted an extensive investigation of ZaBZR1. ZaBZR1 showed the highest expression in the root, followed by the stem and terminal bud. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that ZaBZR1 is present in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Overexpression of ZaBZR1 in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana improved seed germination rate and root growth under drought conditions, reducing water loss rates compared to wild-type plants. Furthermore, ZaBZR1 increased proline content (PRO) and decreased malondialdehyde content (MDA), indicating improved tolerance to drought-induced oxidative stress. The transgenic plants also showed a reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Importantly, ZaBZR1 up-regulated the expression of drought-related genes such as NbP5CS1, NbDREB2A, and NbWRKY44. These findings highlight the potential of ZaBZR1 as a candidate gene for enhancing drought resistance in transgenic N. benthamiana and provide insight into the function of ZaBZRs in Z. armatum.","['D055864', 'D030821', 'D018506', 'D010940', 'D032106', 'D010802', 'D014026', 'D000040', 'D005810', 'D060406', 'D014157', 'D013312', 'D010937', 'D000091902']"
38954079,Engineered CD147-CAR macrophages for enhanced phagocytosis of cancers.,"Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has shown promising results in hematologic malignancies, but its effectiveness in solid cancers remains challenging. Macrophages are immune cells residing within the tumor microenvironment. They can phagocytose tumor cells. Recently, CAR macrophages (CAR-M) have been a promising candidate for treating solid cancers. One of the common cancer antigens overexpressed in various types of cancer is CD147. CAR-T and NK cells targeting CD147 antigen have shown significant efficacy against hepatocellular carcinoma. Nevertheless, CAR-M targeting the CD147 molecule has not been investigated. In this study, we generated CAR targeting the CD147 molecule using the THP-1 monocytic cell line (CD147 CAR-M). The CD147 CAR-M exhibited typical macrophage characteristics, including phagocytosis of zymosan bioparticles and polarization ability toward M1 and M2 phenotypes. Furthermore, the CD147 CAR-M demonstrated enhanced anti-tumor activity against K562 and MDA-MB-231 cells without exhibiting off-target cytotoxicity against normal cells. Our research provides valuable insights into the potential of CD147 CAR-M as a promising platform for cancer immunotherapy, with applications in both hematologic malignancies and solid cancers.","['D006801', 'D010587', 'D000076962', 'D008264', 'D016219', 'D051926', 'D009369', 'D051379', 'D000818', 'D045744', 'D059016']"
38954042,Monocyte infiltration is an independent positive prognostic biomarker in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma.,"Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) arises after an HPV infection or the mutation of p53 or other driver genes and is treated by mutilating surgery and/or (chemo) radiation, with limited success and high morbidity. In-depth information on the immunological make up of VSCC is pivotal to assess whether immunotherapy may form an alternative treatment.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D014846', 'D011379', 'D002294', 'D014408', 'D009000', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D016246', 'D000328', 'D000369']"
38954031,TRP-2 / gp100 DNA vaccine and PD-1 checkpoint blockade combination for the treatment of intracranial tumors.,"Intracranial tumors present a significant therapeutic challenge due to their physiological location. Immunotherapy presents an attractive method for targeting these intracranial tumors due to relatively low toxicity and tumor specificity. Here we show that SCIB1, a TRP-2 and gp100 directed ImmunoBody® DNA vaccine, generates a strong TRP-2 specific immune response, as demonstrated by the high number of TRP2-specific IFNγ spots produced and the detection of a significant number of pentamer positive T cells in the spleen of vaccinated mice. Furthermore, vaccine-induced T cells were able to recognize and kill B16HHDII/DR1 cells after a short in vitro culture. Having found that glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) expresses significant levels of PD-L1 and IDO1, with PD-L1 correlating with poorer survival in patients with the mesenchymal subtype of GBM, we decided to combine SCIB1 ImmunoBody® with PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade to treat mice harboring intracranial tumors expressing TRP-2 and gp100. Time-to-death was significantly prolonged, and this correlated with increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration in the tissue microenvironment (TME). However, in addition to PD-L1 and IDO, the GBM TME was found to contain a significant number of immunoregulatory T (Treg) cell-associated transcripts, and the presence of such cells is likely to significantly affect clinical outcome unless also tackled.","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D019444', 'D001932', 'D000082082', 'D006801', 'D061026', 'D019496', 'D008810', 'D005260', 'D060890', 'D007167', 'D005909', 'D045744', 'D019746']"
38954030,Tissue-resident memory CD103+CD8+ T cells in colorectal cancer: its implication as a prognostic and predictive liver metastasis biomarker.,"Tissue-resident memory CD103+CD8+ T cells (CD103+CD8+ TRMs) are important components of anti-tumor immunity. However, the significance of CD103+CD8+ TRMs in colorectal cancer (CRC) and their advantages remain unclear.","['D015179', 'D039001', 'D000818', 'D006801', 'D018414', 'D051379', 'D008113', 'D015703', 'D011379', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D007156', 'D014408', 'D000091246', 'D016246', 'D008875']"
38954024,"Altered expression of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and soluble receptors in patients with colorectal cancer, and correlation with treatment outcome.","Insofar as they play an important role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC), this study analyzes the serum profile of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and soluble receptors in patients with CRC and cancer-free controls as possible CRC signatures. Serum levels of 65 analytes were measured in patients with CRC and age- and sex-matched cancer-free controls using the ProcartaPlex Human Immune Monitoring 65-Plex Panel. Of the 65 tested analytes, 8 cytokines (CSF-3, IFN-γ, IL-12p70, IL-18, IL-20, MIF, TNF-α and TSLP), 8 chemokines (fractalkine, MIP-1β, BLC, Eotaxin-1, Eotaxin-2, IP-10, MIP-1a, MIP-3a), 2 growth factors (FGF-2, MMP-1), and 4 soluble receptors (APRIL, CD30, TNFRII, and TWEAK), were differentially expressed in CRC. ROC analysis confirmed the high association of TNF-α, BLC, Eotaxin-1, APRIL, and Tweak with AUC > 0.70, suggesting theranostic application. The expression of IFN-γ, IL-18, MIF, BLC, Eotaxin-1, Eotaxin-2, IP-10, and MMP1 was lower in metastatic compared to non-metastatic CRC; only AUC of MIF and MIP-1β were > 0.7. Moreover, MDC, IL-7, MIF, IL-21, and TNF-α are positively associated with tolerance to CRC chemotherapy (CT) (AUC > 0.7), whereas IL-31, Fractalkine, Eotaxin-1, and Eotaxin-2 were positively associated with resistance to CT. TNF-α, BLC, Eotaxin-1, APRIL, and Tweak may be used as first-line early detection of CRC. The variable levels of MIF and MIP-1β between metastatic and non-metastatic cases assign prognostic nature to these factors in CRC progression. Regarding tolerance to CT, MDC, IL-7, MIF, IL-21, and TNF-α are key when down-regulated or resistant to treatment is observed.","['D006801', 'D015179', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D016207', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D036341', 'D018925', 'D016896', 'D014408', 'D000328', 'D011379', 'D016022']"
38954023,High expression of PD-L1 on conventional dendritic cells in tumour-draining lymph nodes is associated with poor prognosis in oral cancer.,"Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), while common and with a favorable prognosis in early stages, presents a marked reduction in survival rate upon metastasis to lymph nodes. Early detection of lymph node metastasis via biomarkers could enhance the therapeutic strategy for OSCC. Here, we explored dendritic cells (DCs) and cytotoxic T-cells in tumour-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) as potential biomarkers.","['D006801', 'D003713', 'D009062', 'D011379', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008198', 'D060890', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D008207', 'D002294', 'D014408', 'D000328']"
38954022,Identification and validation of tumor-specific T cell receptors from tumor infiltrating lymphocytes using tumor organoid co-cultures.,"T cell receptor-engineered T cells (TCR-Ts) therapy is promising for cancer immunotherapy. Most studies have focused on identifying tumor-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) through predicted tumor neoantigens. However, current algorithms for predicting tumor neoantigens are unreliable and many neoantigens are derived from non-coding regions. Thus, the technological platform for identifying tumor-specific TCRs using natural antigens expressed on tumor cells is urgently needed. In this study, tumor organoids-enriched tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (oeT) were obtained by repeatedly stimulation of autologous patient-derived organoids (PDO) in vitro. The oeT cells specifically responded to autologous tumor PDO by detecting CD137 expression and the secretion of IFN-γ using enzyme-linked immunospot assay. The measurement of oeT cell-mediated killing of three-dimensional organoids was conducted using a caspase3/7 flow cytometry assay kit. Subsequently, tumor-specific T cells were isolated based on CD137 expression and their TCRs were identified through single-cell RT-PCR analysis. The specificity cytotoxicity of TCRs were confirmed by transferring to primary peripheral blood T cells. The co-culture system proved highly effective in generating CD8+ tumor-specific oeT cells. These oeT cells effectively induced IFN-γ secretion and exhibited specificity in killing autologous tumor organoids, while not eliciting a cytotoxic response against normal organoids. The analysis conducted by TCRs revealed a significant expansion of T cells within a specific subset of TCRs. Subsequently, the TCRs were cloned and transferred to peripheral blood T cells generation engineered TCR-Ts, which adequately recognized and killed tumor cell in a patient-specific manner. The co-culture system provided an approach to generate tumor-specific TCRs from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of patients with colorectal cancer, and tumor-specific TCRs can potentially be used for personalized TCR-T therapy.","['D006801', 'D016246', 'D011948', 'D018920', 'D009940', 'D000951', 'D009369']"
38954010,A randomized phase II clinical trial of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and systemic pembrolizumab with or without intratumoral avelumab/ipilimumab plus CD1c (BDCA-1)+/CD141 (BDCA-3)+ myeloid dendritic cells in solid tumors.,Radiotherapy (RT) synergizes with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). CD1c(BDCA-1)+/CD141(BDCA-3)+ myeloid dendritic cells (myDC) in the tumor microenvironment are indispensable at initiating effector T-cell responses and response to ICB.,"['D006801', 'D061067', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D016634', 'D003713', 'D000074324', 'D000328', 'D000971', 'D009369', 'D018180', 'D000369', 'D003131', 'D022423', 'D006023', 'D018949']"
38954005,Impact of fludarabine and treosulfan on ovarian tumor cells and mesothelin chimeric antigen receptor T cells.,"In addition to their immunosuppressive effect, cytostatics conditioning prior to adoptive therapy such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells may play a role in debulking and remodeling the tumor microenvironment. We investigated in vitro the killing efficacy and impact of treosulfan and fludarabine on ovarian cancer cells expressing mesothelin (MSLN) and effect on MSLN-targeting CAR T cells. Treosulfan and fludarabine had a synergetic effect on killing of SKOV3 and OVCAR4 cells. Sensitivity to the combination of treosulfan and fludarabine was increased when SKOV3 cells expressed MSLN and when OVCAR4 cells were tested in hypoxia, while MSLN cells surface expression by SKOV3 and OVCAR4 cells was not altered after treosulfan or fludarabine exposure. Exposure to treosulfan or fludarabine (10 µM) neither impacted MSLN-CAR T cells degranulation, cytokines production upon challenge with MSLN + OVCAR3 cells, nor induced mitochondrial defects. Combination of treosulfan and fludarabine decreased MSLN-CAR T cells anti-tumor killing in normoxia but not hypoxia. In conclusion, treosulfan and fludarabine killed MSLN + ovarian cancer cells without altering MSLN-CAR T cells functions (at low cytostatics concentration) even in hypoxic conditions, and our data support the use of treosulfan and fludarabine as conditioning drugs prior to MSLN-CAR T cell therapy.","['D014740', 'D006801', 'D005260', 'D000090204', 'D010051', 'D000076962', 'D058851', 'D002066', 'D016219', 'D045744', 'D013601', 'D059016']"
38953994,Tumor-intrinsic IFNα and CXCL10 are critical for immunotherapeutic efficacy by recruiting and activating T lymphocytes in tumor microenvironment.,"Tumor immunotherapies targeting PD-(L)1 exhibit anti-tumor efficacy in only 10-30% of patients with various cancers. Literature has demonstrated that a ""hot tumor"" which contains high T lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment exhibits a better response to immunotherapies than a ""cold tumor."" This study aimed to investigate whether tumor-intrinsic IFNα and CXCL10 determine the recruitment and activation of CD8+ T cells to become ""hot tumor."" In this study, we found that CXCL10 overexpressed in a variety of tumors including lung, colon, and liver tumors with a correlation with PD-L1. High PD-L1 and CXCL10 are associated with better survival rates in tumor patients receiving immunotherapies. IFNs-downstream transcriptional factor IRF-1 and STAT1 were correlated with PD-L1 and CXCL10 expression. We demonstrated that IRF-1 and STAT1 were both bound with the promoters of PD-L1 and CXCL10, sharing the same signaling pathway and determining IFNs-mediated PD-L1 and CXCL10 expression. In addition, IFNα significantly increased activation marker IFNγ in PBMCs, promoting M1 type monocyte differentiation, CD4+ T, and CD8+ T cell activation. Particularly, we found that CD8+ T lymphocytes abundantly expressed CXCR3, a receptor of CXCL10, by flow cytometry, indicating that tumor-intrinsic CXCL10 potentially recruited CD8+ T in tumor microenvironment. To demonstrate the hypothesis, immunotherapy-sensitive CT26 and immunotherapy-resistant LL/2 were used and we found that CT26 cells exhibited higher IFNα, IFNγ, CXCL10, and PD-L1 levels compared to LL/2, leading to higher IFNγ expression in mouse splenocytes. Moreover, we found that CD8+ T cells were recruited by CXCL10 in vitro, whereas SCH546738, an inhibitor of CXCR3, inhibited T cell migration and splenocytes-mediated anti-tumor effect. We then confirmed that CT26-derived tumor was sensitive to αPD-L1 immunotherapy and LL/2-tumor was resistant, whereas αPD-L1 significantly increased T lymphocyte activation marker CD107a in CT26-derived BALB/c mice. In conclusion, this study revealed that CXCL10 expression is correlated with PD-L1 in tumors, sharing the same signaling pathway and associating with better immunotherapeutic efficacy. Further evidence in the syngeneic tumor models demonstrated that immunotherapy-sensitive CT26 intrinsically exhibited higher IFNα and CXCL10 compared to immunotherapy-resistant LL/2 to recruit and activate CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment, exhibiting ""hot tumor"" characteristic of sensitizing αPD-L1 immunotherapies.","['D054357', 'D059016', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D006801', 'D016898', 'D007167', 'D009369', 'D008213', 'D045744', 'D018414', 'D060890', 'D005260', 'D050794']"
38953977,Differences in the risk of immune-related pneumonitis between PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors: a meta-analysis according to the new mirror-principle and PRISMA guidelines.,"To compare the risk of immune-associated pneumonitis between PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors, the meta-analysis was designed.","['D006801', 'D011014', 'D000082082', 'D061026', 'D060890', 'D009369']"
38953939,In vitro CAR-T cell killing: validation of the potency assay.,"For advanced therapy medicinal products, the development and validation of potency assays are required, in accordance with international guidelines, to characterise the product and obtain reliable and consistent data. Our purpose was to validate the killing assay for the evaluation of autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T potency. We used CD4 + and CD8 + lymphocytes or anti-CD19 CAR-T cells as effector cells and REH (CD19 +) or MOLM-13 (CD19 -) cell lines as target cells. After co-culturing target and effector cells (1:1 ratio) for 24 h, samples were labelled with 7-AAD, anti-CD3 and anti-CD19 antibodies and the frequency of CD19 + dead cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. In order to verify the CAR-T specificity for the CD19 + target, the co-culture between CAR-T and REH or MOLM-13 at different effector-to-target ratios was scheduled. Moreover, not transduced CD4 + and CD8 + lymphocytes were tested in comparison with CAR-T from the same donor to demonstrate the assay specificity. Linearity and accuracy were evaluated, and established acceptance criteria were compiled for both parameters (r2 ≥ 0.97 for linearity and average relative error ≤ 10% for accuracy). Furthermore, the method was considered robust when performed between 23 and 25 h of co-culture, and the intra-assay, inter-assay and inter-day precision was obtained. Finally, in order to verify the inter-analyst precision, the test was executed by three different operators and the intra-class correlation coefficient was > 0.4 in both cases. In conclusion, we consider this CAR-T potency assay as validated and usable in all steps of product development and quality control.","['D006801', 'D000076962', 'D016219', 'D018941', 'D018920', 'D018414', 'D003602', 'D045744', 'D015496']"
38953896,A novel STING variant triggers endothelial toxicity and SAVI disease.,"Gain-of-function mutations in STING cause STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI) characterized by early-onset systemic inflammation, skin vasculopathy, and interstitial lung disease. Here, we report and characterize a novel STING variant (F269S) identified in a SAVI patient. Single-cell transcriptomics of patient bone marrow revealed spontaneous activation of interferon (IFN) and inflammatory pathways across cell types and a striking prevalence of circulating naïve T cells was observed. Inducible STING F269S expression conferred enhanced signaling through ligand-independent translocation of the protein to the Golgi, protecting cells from viral infections but preventing their efficient immune priming. Additionally, endothelial cell activation was promoted and further exacerbated by cytokine secretion by SAVI immune cells, resulting in inflammation and endothelial damage. Our findings identify STING F269S mutation as a novel pathogenic variant causing SAVI, highlight the importance of the crosstalk between endothelial and immune cells in the context of lung disease, and contribute to a better understanding of how aberrant STING activation can cause pathology.","['D008565', 'D006801', 'D042783', 'D017563', 'D015398', 'D014652', 'D006056', 'D007372', 'D008297', 'D000073659', 'D009154', 'D007223']"
38953885,Neutrophils actively swell to potentiate rapid migration.,"While the involvement of actin polymerization in cell migration is well-established, much less is known about the role of transmembrane water flow in cell motility. Here, we investigate the role of water influx in a prototypical migrating cell, the neutrophil, which undergoes rapid, directed movement to sites of injury, and infection. Chemoattractant exposure both increases cell volume and potentiates migration, but the causal link between these processes are not known. We combine single-cell volume measurements and a genome-wide CRISPR screen to identify the regulators of chemoattractant-induced neutrophil swelling, including NHE1, AE2, PI3K-gamma, and CA2. Through NHE1 inhibition in primary human neutrophils, we show that cell swelling is both necessary and sufficient for the potentiation of migration following chemoattractant stimulation. Our data demonstrate that chemoattractant-driven cell swelling complements cytoskeletal rearrangements to enhance migration speed.","['D006801', 'D009504', 'D002465', 'D048429', 'D000074082', 'D002630']"
38953724,NF2 regulates IP3R-mediated Ca2+ signal and apoptosis in meningiomas.,"Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors and account for nearly 30% of all nervous system tumors. Approximately half of meningioma patients exhibit neurofibromin 2 (NF2) gene inactivation. Here, NF2 was shown to interact with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium (Ca2+) channel inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 (IP3R1) in IOMM-Lee, a high-grade malignant meningioma cell line, and the F1 subdomain of NF2 plays a critical role in this interaction. Functional assays indicated that NF2 promotes the phosphorylation of IP3R (Ser 1756) and IP3R-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ release by binding to IP3R1, which results in Ca2+-dependent apoptosis. Knockout of NF2 decreased Ca2+ release and promoted resistance to apoptosis, which was rescued by wild-type NF2 overexpression but not by F1 subdomain deletion truncation overexpression. The effects of NF2 defects on the development of tumors were further studied in mouse models. The decreased expression level of NF2 caused by NF2 gene knockout or mutation affects the activity of the IP3R channel, which reduces Ca2+-dependent apoptosis, thereby promoting the development of tumors. We elucidated the interaction patterns of NF2 and IP3R1, revealed the molecular mechanism through which NF2 regulates IP3R1-mediated Ca2+ release, and elucidated the new pathogenic mechanism of meningioma-related NF2 variants. Our study broadens the current understanding of the biological function of NF2 and provides ideas for drug screening of NF2-associated meningioma.","['D053496', 'D008579', 'D017209', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D020013', 'D008577', 'D002118', 'D045744', 'D004721', 'D008297', 'D025581']"
38953570,"FUS-stabilized USP35 promotes growth, invasion and angiogenesis in NSCLC through deubiquitinating VEGFA.","Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is an important regulator for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our study aimed to reveal its upstream pathway to provide new ideas for developing the therapeutic targets of NSCLC. The mRNA and protein levels of VEGFA, ubiquitin-specific peptidase 35 (USP35), and FUS were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and angiogenesis were detected using CCK8 assay, EdU assay, flow cytometry, transwell assay and tube formation assay. The interaction between USP35 and VEGFA was assessed by Co-IP assay and ubiquitination assay. Animal experiments were performed to assess USP35 and VEGFA roles in vivo. VEGFA had elevated expression in NSCLC tissues and cells. Interferences of VEGFA inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and increased apoptosis. USP35 could stabilize VEGFA protein level by deubiquitination, and USP35 knockdown suppressed NSCLC cell growth, invasion and angiogenesis via reducing VEGFA expression. FUS interacted with USP35 to promote its mRNA stability, thereby positively regulating VEGFA expression. Also, USP35 silencing could reduce NSCLC tumorigenesis by downregulating VEGFA. FUS-stabilized USP35 facilitated NSCLC cell growth, invasion and angiogenesis through deubiquitinating VEGFA, providing a novel idea for NSCLC treatment.","['D006801', 'D042461', 'D034702', 'D002289', 'D008175', 'D049109', 'D009389', 'D009361', 'D054875', 'D045744', 'D051379', 'D000818', 'D064570', 'D008819', 'D000096482']"
38953556,Role of oxidative stress in the concurrent development of osteoporosis and tendinopathy: Emerging challenges and prospects for treatment modalities.,"Both osteoporosis and tendinopathy are widely prevalent disorders, encountered in diverse medical contexts. Whilst each condition has distinct pathophysiological characteristics, they share several risk factors and underlying causes. Notably, oxidative stress emerges as a crucial intersecting factor, playing a pivotal role in the onset and progression of both diseases. This imbalance arises from a dysregulation in generating and neutralising reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to an abnormal oxidative environment. Elevated levels of ROS can induce multiple cellular disruptions, such as cytotoxicity, apoptosis activation and reduced cell function, contributing to tissue deterioration and weakening the structural integrity of bones and tendons. Antioxidants are substances that can prevent or slow down the oxidation process, including Vitamin C, melatonin, resveratrol, anthocyanins and so on, demonstrating potential in treating these overlapping disorders. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the complex role of oxidative stress within the interlinked pathways of these comorbid conditions. By integrating contemporary research and empirical findings, our objective is to outline new conceptual models and innovative treatment strategies for effectively managing these prevalent diseases. This review underscores the importance of further in-depth research to validate the efficacy of antioxidants and traditional Chinese medicine in treatment plans, as well as to explore targeted interventions focused on oxidative stress as promising areas for future medical advancements.","['D006801', 'D018384', 'D010024', 'D000975', 'D052256', 'D017382', 'D000818']"
38953482,Sustained Release of Liposomal Curcumin: Enhanced Periodontal Outcomes in Diabetic Patients.,To evaluate the effect of entrapment of curcumin within liposomal formulation and the sustained release attitude of the formulated liposomal gel on periodontal defects in diabetic patients in clinical and biochemical terms.,"['D006801', 'D003474', 'D008081', 'D003692', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D012534', 'D010518', 'D016745', 'D016896', 'D014409', 'D000975', 'D010512']"
38953478,Identification of Cuproptosis-related Gene Lipoyltransferase 1 as a Promising Biomarker in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.,To find efficient cuproptosis-related biomarkers to explore the oncogenesis and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).,"['D006801', 'D009062', 'D014408', 'D002294', 'D011379', 'D000217', 'D053208']"
38953434,"Reconstruction of the historic time course of blood-borne virus contamination of clotting factor concentrates, 1974-1992.","Factor VIII and IX clotting factor concentrates manufactured from pooled plasma have been identified as potent sources of virus infection in persons with hemophilia (PWHs) in the 1970s and 1980s. To investigate the range and diversity of viruses over this period, we analysed 24 clotting factor concentrates for several blood-borne viruses. Nucleic acid was extracted from 14 commercially produced clotting factors and 10 from nonremunerated donors, preserved in lyophilized form (expiry dates: 1974-1992). Clotting factors were tested by commercial and in-house quantitative PCRs for blood-borne viruses hepatitis A, B, C and E viruses (HAV, HBV, HCV, HEV), HIV- types 1/2, parvoviruses B19V and PARV4, and human pegiviruses types 1 and 2 (HPgV-1,-2). HCV and HPgV-1 were the most frequently detected viruses (both 14/24 tested) primarily in commercial clotting factors, with frequently extremely high viral loads in the late 1970s-1985 and a diverse range of HCV genotypes. Detection frequencies sharply declined following introduction of virus inactivation. HIV-1, HBV, and HAV were less frequently detected (3/24, 1/24, and 1/24 respectively); none were positive for HEV. Contrastingly, B19V and PARV4 were detected throughout the study period, even after introduction of dry heat treatment, consistent with ongoing documented transmission to PWHs into the early 1990s. While hemophilia treatment is now largely based on recombinant factor VIII/IX in the UK and elsewhere, the comprehensive screen of historical plasma-derived clotting factors reveals extensive exposure of PWHs to blood-borne viruses throughout 1970s-early 1990s, and the epidemiological and manufacturing parameters that influenced clotting factor contamination.","['D006801', 'D001779', 'D017848', 'D000086982', 'D004340', 'D049673', 'D006467', 'D014780', 'D016133', 'D005169', 'D013997']"
38953430,Investigating the role of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and human leukocyte antigen genetic variants in hepatitis C virus infection.,"The genetic diversity of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes influences the host's immune response to viral pathogens. This study aims to explore the impact of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in KIR3DL2 and HLA-A genes on hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. A total of 2251 individuals were included in the case-control study. SNPs including KIR3DL2 rs11672983, rs3745902, rs1654644, and HLA-A rs3869062, rs12202296 were genotyped. By controlling various confounding factors using a modified logistic regression model, as well as incorporating stratified analysis, joint effects analysis, and multidimensional bioinformatics analysis, we analyzed the relationship between SNPs and HCV infection. The logistic regression analysis showed a correlation between KIR3DL2 rs11672983 AA, KIR3DL2 rs3745902 TT, and increased HCV susceptibility (p < 0.01). Stratified analysis indicated that KIR3DL2 rs1654644 and HLA-A rs3869062 also heightened HCV susceptibility in certain subgroups. A linear trend of rising HCV infection rates was observed when combining KIR3DL2 rs11672983 AA and KIR3DL2 rs3745902 TT (ptrend = 0.007). Bioinformatics analysis suggested these SNPs' regulatory potential and their role in altering messenger RNA secondary structure, implying their functional relevance in HCV susceptibility. Our findings indicate that KIR3DL2 rs11672983 AA and KIR3DL2 rs3745902 TT are significantly associated with increased susceptibility to HCV infection.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D020641', 'D005260', 'D016022', 'D006526', 'D008875', 'D020022', 'D000328', 'D005838', 'D015234', 'D016174', 'D054340', 'D000368', 'D054347']"
38953297,Omission of alcohol skin cleansing and risk of adverse events in long-term care residents undergoing COVID-19 vaccination: A cohort study.,"Despite a lack of clinical data demonstrating the effectiveness of alcohol swab cleansing prior to vaccinations as a prophylactic measure to prevent skin infections, it is recommended for vaccine administration by the Canadian Immunization Guide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of adverse events after omitting alcohol skin cleansing in long-term care (LTC) residents receiving vaccinations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Two medium-sized LTC homes participated in a cohort study, whereby one LTC used alcohol swab cleansing prior to resident vaccinations and the other did not. All residents received two doses of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine separated by an average (SD) 29.3 (8.5) days. The electronic chart records of participants were reviewed by researchers blinded to group allocation to assess for the presence of adverse events following immunization (AEFI), including reactogenicity, cellulitis, abscess, or systemic reactions. Log-binomial regression was used to compute risk ratios (with 95% confidence intervals) of an AEFI according to alcohol swab status. 189 residents were included, with a total of 56 AEFI between the two doses. The risk of reactogenicity (adjusted RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.17-1.73) or systemic reactions (adjusted RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.26-2.13) did not differ for the residents that received alcohol skin antisepsis compared to those that did not. There were no cases of cellulitis or abscess. This study did not demonstrate an elevated risk of AEFI in LTC residents receiving two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID vaccine without alcohol skin antisepsis.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000086382', 'D000368', 'D015331', 'D000090982', 'D014611', 'D000086663', 'D000369', 'D008134', 'D000086402', 'D002170', 'D000431']"
38953285,ER-to-lysosome Ca2+ refilling followed by K+ efflux-coupled store-operated Ca2+ entry in inflammasome activation and metabolic inflammation.,"We studied lysosomal Ca2+ in inflammasome. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + palmitic acid (PA) decreased lysosomal Ca2+ ([Ca2+]Lys) and increased [Ca2+]i through mitochondrial ROS, which was suppressed in Trpm2-KO macrophages. Inflammasome activation and metabolic inflammation in adipose tissue of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were ameliorated by Trpm2 KO. ER→lysosome Ca2+ refilling occurred after lysosomal Ca2+ release whose blockade attenuated LPS + PA-induced inflammasome. Subsequently, store-operated Ca2+entry (SOCE) was activated whose inhibition suppressed inflammasome. SOCE was coupled with K+ efflux whose inhibition reduced ER Ca2+ content ([Ca2+]ER) and impaired [Ca2+]Lys recovery. LPS + PA activated KCa3.1 channel, a Ca2+-activated K+ channel. Inhibitors of KCa3.1 channel or Kcnn4 KO reduced [Ca2+]ER, attenuated increase of [Ca2+]i or inflammasome activation by LPS + PA, and ameliorated HFD-induced inflammasome or metabolic inflammation. Lysosomal Ca2+ release induced delayed JNK and ASC phosphorylation through CAMKII-ASK1. These results suggest a novel role of lysosomal Ca2+ release sustained by ER→lysosome Ca2+ refilling and K+ efflux through KCa3.1 channel in inflammasome activation and metabolic inflammation.","['D000818', 'D058847', 'D051379', 'D008247', 'D002118', 'D011188', 'D007249', 'D018345', 'D004721', 'D008070', 'D050053', 'D051660', 'D008810', 'D008264', 'D008297', 'D059305']"
38953259,[Construction and Evaluation of a Prognostic Risk Prediction Model of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Based on Immune-Related Genes].,"Objective To construct a risk prediction model by integrating the molecular subtypes of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and immune-related genes.Methods With GSE71729 data set (n=145) as the training set,the differentially expressed genes and differential immune-related genes between the squamous and non-squamous subtypes of PDAC were integrated to construct a regulatory network,on the basis of which five immune marker genes regulating the squamous subtype were screened out.An integrated immune score (IIS) model was constructed based on patient survival information and immune marker genes to predict the clinical prognosis of PDAC patients,and its predictive performance was tested with 5 validation sets (n=758).Results PDAC patients were assigned into high risk and low risk groups according to the IIS.In both training and validation sets,the overall survival of patients in the high risk group was shorter than that in the low risk group (both P<0.001).The multivariable Cox regression showed that IIS was an independent prognostic factor for PDAC (HR=2.16,95%CI=1.50-3.10,P<0.001).Conclusion IIS can be used for risk stratification of PDAC patients and may become a potential prognostic marker for PDAC.","['D006801', 'D021441', 'D011379', 'D010190', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D014408', 'D018570']"
38953241,Silybin restores glucose uptake after tumour necrosis factor-alpha and lipopolysaccharide stimulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.,"Obesity is associated with a low-grade chronic inflammatory process characterized by higher circulating TNFα levels, thus contributing to insulin resistance. This study evaluated the effect of silybin, the main bioactive component of silymarin, which has anti-inflammatory properties, on TNFα levels and its impact on glucose uptake in the adipocyte cell line 3T3-L1 challenged with two different inflammatory stimuli, TNFα or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Silybin's pre-treatment effect was evaluated in adipocytes pre-incubated with silybin (30 or 80 µM) before challenging with the inflammatory stimuli (TNFα or LPS). For the post-treatment effect, the adipocytes were first challenged with the inflammatory stimuli and then post-treated with silybin. After treatments, TNFα production, glucose uptake, and GLUT4 protein expression were determined. Both inflammatory stimuli increased TNFα secretion, diminished GLUT4 expression, and significantly decreased glucose uptake. Silybin 30 µM only reduced TNFα secretion after the LPS challenge. Silybin 80 µM as post-treatment or pre-treatment decreased TNFα levels, improving glucose uptake. However, glucose uptake enhancement induced by silybin did not depend on GLUT4 protein expression. These results show that silybin importantly reduced TNFα levels and upregulates glucose uptake, independently of GLUT4 protein expression.","['D000818', 'D000077385', 'D051379', 'D014409', 'D005947', 'D041721', 'D017667', 'D008070', 'D051275', 'D012838']"
38956329,Evaluation of the effects of temperature and centrifugation time on elimination of uncured resin from 3D-printed dental aligners.,"The study investigated the effects of temperature and centrifugation time on the efficacy of removing uncured resin from 3D-printed clear aligners. Using a photo-polymerizable polyurethane resin (Tera Harz TC-85, Graphy Inc., Seoul, Korea), aligners were printed and subjected to cleaning processes using isopropyl alcohol (IPA) or centrifugation (g-force 27.95g) at room temperature (RT, 23 °C) and high temperature (HT, 55 °C) for 2, 4, and 6 min. The control group received no treatment (NT). Cleaning efficiency was assessed through rheological analysis, weight measurement, transparency evaluation, SEM imaging, 3D geometry evaluation, stress relaxation, and cell viability tests. Results showed increased temperature and longer centrifugation times significantly reduced aligner viscosity, weight (P < 0.05), and transmittance. IPA-cleaned aligners exhibited significantly lower transparency and rougher surfaces in SEM images. All groups met ISO biocompatibility standards in cytotoxicity tests. The NT group had higher root mean square (RMS) values, indicating greater deviation from the original design. Stress relaxation tests revealed over 95% recovery in all groups after 60 min. The findings suggest that a 2-min HT centrifugation process effectively removes uncured resin without significantly impacting the aligners' physical and optical properties, making it a clinically viable option.","['D066330', 'D002498', 'D013696', 'D012117', 'D011140', 'D002470', 'D008422', 'D006801', 'D000818']"
38956310,Flexible adaptation of task-positive brain networks predicts efficiency of evidence accumulation.,"Efficiency of evidence accumulation (EEA), an individual's ability to selectively gather goal-relevant information to make adaptive choices, is thought to be a key neurocomputational mechanism associated with cognitive functioning and transdiagnostic risk for psychopathology. However, the neural basis of individual differences in EEA is poorly understood, especially regarding the role of largescale brain network dynamics. We leverage data from 5198 participants from the Human Connectome Project and Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study to demonstrate a strong association between EEA and flexible adaptation to cognitive demand in the ""task-positive"" frontoparietal and dorsal attention networks. Notably, individuals with higher EEA displayed divergent task-positive network activation across n-back task conditions: higher activation under high cognitive demand (2-back) and lower activation under low demand (0-back). These findings suggest that brain networks' flexible adaptation to cognitive demands is a key neural underpinning of EEA.","['D006801', 'D001921', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D003071', 'D000293', 'D063132', 'D009415', 'D055815', 'D000328', 'D008279', 'D000222']"
38956187,A simple psychophysical procedure separates representational and noise components in impairments of speech prosody perception after right-hemisphere stroke.,"After a right hemisphere stroke, more than half of the patients are impaired in their capacity to produce or comprehend speech prosody. Yet, and despite its social-cognitive consequences for patients, aprosodia following stroke has received scant attention. In this report, we introduce a novel, simple psychophysical procedure which, by combining systematic digital manipulations of speech stimuli and reverse-correlation analysis, allows estimating the internal sensory representations that subtend how individual patients perceive speech prosody, and the level of internal noise that govern behavioral variability in how patients apply these representations. Tested on a sample of N = 22 right-hemisphere stroke survivors and N = 21 age-matched controls, the representation + noise model provides a promising alternative to the clinical gold standard for evaluating aprosodia (MEC): both parameters strongly associate with receptive, and not expressive, aprosodia measured by MEC within the patient group; they have better sensitivity than MEC for separating high-functioning patients from controls; and have good specificity with respect to non-prosody-related impairments of auditory attention and processing. Taken together, individual differences in either internal representation, internal noise, or both, paint a potent portrait of the variety of sensory/cognitive mechanisms that can explain impairments of prosody processing after stroke.","['D006801', 'D020521', 'D013067', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D009622', 'D011601', 'D000328']"
38956131,"Biochemical indicators, cell apoptosis, and metabolomic analyses of the low-temperature stress response and cold tolerance mechanisms in Litopenaeus vannamei.","The cold tolerance of Litopenaeus vannamei is important for breeding in specific areas. To explore the cold tolerance mechanism of L. vannamei, this study analyzed biochemical indicators, cell apoptosis, and metabolomic responses in cold-tolerant (Lv-T) and common (Lv-C) L. vannamei under low-temperature stress (18 °C and 10 °C). TUNEL analysis showed a significant increase in apoptosis of hepatopancreatic duct cells in L. vannamei under low-temperature stress. Biochemical analysis showed that Lv-T had significantly increased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and triglycerides (TG), while alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-L), and uric acid (UA) levels were significantly decreased compared to Lv-C (p < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis displayed significant increases in metabolites such as LysoPC (P-16:0), 11beta-Hydroxy-3,20-dioxopregn-4-en-21-oic acid, and Pirbuterol, while metabolites such as 4-Hydroxystachydrine, Oxolan-3-one, and 3-Methyldioxyindole were significantly decreased in Lv-T compared to Lv-C. The differentially regulated metabolites were mainly enriched in pathways such as Protein digestion and absorption, Central carbon metabolism in cancer and ABC transporters. Our study indicate that low temperature induces damage to the hepatopancreatic duct of shrimp, thereby affecting its metabolic function. The cold resistance mechanism of Lv-T L. vannamei may be due to the enhancement of antioxidant enzymes and lipid metabolism.","['D000818', 'D033561', 'D017209', 'D055432', 'D058639', 'D003080', 'D055442', 'D013482']"
38956124,Indigenous people doing citizen science to assess water quality using the BMWP in rivers of an arid semi-arid biosphere reserve in Mexico.,"Arid and semi-arid areas are among the most threatened ecosystems on the planet. The Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve (TCBR), in southeastern Mexico, is an arid and semi-arid area with high biological diversity and human settlements of eight ethnic groups. Two rivers drain the reserve, Río Grande (RG) and Río Salado (RS), which are not subject to water quality monitoring by government agencies; however, measures of water quality of these rivers are needed to focus conservation actions on this resource. This work aimed to test the effectiveness of participatory water quality monitoring with the participation of three actors: Reserve management leaders, local communities, and academics, to monitoring water quality in the rivers of the TCBR. Ninety-two residents were trained to carry out water quality biomonitoring using the Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) index calibrated for the reserve. The BMWP uses macroinvertebrate families to display numerical and categorical water quality scores. Additionally, the Water Quality Index (WQI) was assessed and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of the riparian zones was estimated in each study site. The mean WQI scores were 69.24 for RS (no treatment necessary for most crops and necessary treatment for public water supply) and 75.16 for RG (minor purification for crops requiring high-quality water and necessary treatment for public water supply). The BMWP showed five water quality categories (Excellent, Very Good, Good, Fair, and Poor), showing higher water quality scores in the upper portion of the basins and capable of discriminating study sites with lower scores close to human settlements. At one study site, data from participatory monitoring impelled actions taken to address a pollution source and influenced policy focus, reaching the maximum level of participatory-based monitoring. This led to avoid the discharge of wastewater into the river to conserve and protect the water resource. WQI is closely related to BMWP; however, the latter was far more sensitive to detecting areas affected by domestic water discharges. The NDVI presented low values for the TCBR, being lower in RS (the driest area). Although the NDVI showed a weak relationship with BMWP values, areas with higher NDVI values generally achieved higher BMWP values. The results of this study highlight the high sensitivity of the BMWP to detect several water quality conditions in the rivers running through the TCBR when compared to WQI. In addition, the usefulness of biomonitoring using the BMWP index was evident, as well as the importance of the participation of local inhabitants contributing to the knowledge of water quality in biosphere reserves and carrying out timely measures that allow the rivers in these reserves to be maintained in good condition.","['D060753', 'D008800', 'D045483', 'D006801', 'D000081034', 'D000080029', 'D017753', 'D003247', 'D004784', 'D014881', 'D000079687', 'D003889']"
38956105,Cellular morphological trait dataset for extant coccolithophores from the Atlantic Ocean.,"Calcification and biomass production by planktonic marine organisms influences the global carbon cycle and fuels marine ecosystems. The major calcifying plankton group coccolithophores are highly diverse, comprising ca. 250-300 extant species. However, coccolithophore size (a key functional trait) and degree of calcification are poorly quantified, as most of our understanding of this group comes from a small number of species. We generated a novel reference dataset of coccolithophore morphological traits, including cell-specific data for coccosphere and cell size, coccolith size, number of coccoliths per cell, and cellular calcite content. This dataset includes observations from 1074 individual cells and represents 61 species from 25 genera spanning equatorial to temperate coccolithophore populations that were sampled during the Atlantic Meridional Transect (AMT) 14 cruise in 2004. This unique dataset can be used to explore relationships between morphological traits (cell size and cell calcite) and environmental conditions, investigate species-specific and community contributions to pelagic carbonate production, export and plankton biomass, and inform and validate coccolithophore representation in marine ecosystem and biogeochemical models.","['D001267', 'D058087', 'D010933', 'D018533', 'D002113', 'D002119', 'D017753']"
38956089,Chromosome-level genome assembly of Helwingia omeiensis: the first genome in the family Helwingiaceae.,"Helwingia, a shrub of the monotypic cosmopolitan family Helwingiaceae, is distinguished by its inflorescence, in which flowers are borne on the midrib of the leaf-a trait not commonly observed in related plant families. Previous studies have investigated the development of this unusual structure using comparative anatomical methods. However, the scarcity of genomic data has hindered our understanding of the origins and evolutionary history of this uncommon trait at the molecular level. Here, we report the first high-quality genome of the family Helwingiaceae. Assembled using HiFi sequencing and Hi-C technologies, the genome of H. omeiensis is anchored to 19 chromosomes, with a total length of 2.75 Gb and a contig N50 length of 6.78 Mb. The BUSCO completeness score of the assembled genome was 98.2%. 53,951 genes were identified, of which 99.7% were annotated in at least one protein database. The high-quality reference genome of H. omeiensis provides an essential genetic resource and sheds light on the phylogeny and evolution of specific traits in the family Helwingiaceae.","['D018745', 'D032461', 'D010802']"
38956081,A novel deforestation risk and baseline allocation model for the next generation of nested REDD+ projects.,"Nature-based solutions that use a counterfactual scenario depend heavily on the methodology used to determine the business as usual (BAU) case, i.e., the ""baseline."" Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) projects traditionally set baselines using a ""reference area"" as a control for estimating BAU deforestation and emissions in the treatment (project) area. While the REDD+ market is shifting from project-based to nested approaches as countries increase their efforts to meet nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to the Paris agreement's global climate target, methodologies for allocating national baselines are not yet formalized and tested, despite an urgent need to scale the market. We present a novel method for mapping deforestation risk and allocating national forest reference emission levels (FREL) to projects: baseline allocation for assessed risk (BAAR). This approach provides a spatial predictor of future deforestation using a dynamic vector, and a method for allocating a FREL to differentiated risk areas at the project level. Here, we present BAAR using 34 REDD+ projects in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). We demonstrate the importance of risk-based FREL allocations to balance fitness for purpose and scientific rigor. We show how BAAR can be used by governments to focus voluntary carbon market finance in areas at highest risk of imminent deforestation, while maintaining alignment with nationally determined contribution (NDC) goals.","['D003247', 'D065928', 'D015023', 'D008962']"
38956050,Sirenian genomes illuminate the evolution of fully aquatic species within the mammalian superorder afrotheria.,"Sirenians of the superorder Afrotheria were the first mammals to transition from land to water and are the only herbivorous marine mammals. Here, we generated a chromosome-level dugong (Dugong dugon) genome. A comparison of our assembly with other afrotherian genomes reveals possible molecular adaptations to aquatic life by sirenians, including a shift in daily activity patterns (circadian clock) and tolerance to a high-iodine plant diet mediated through changes in the iodide transporter NIS (SLC5A5) and its co-transporters. Functional in vitro assays confirm that sirenian amino acid substitutions alter the properties of the circadian clock protein PER2 and NIS. Sirenians show evidence of convergent regression of integumentary system (skin and its appendages) genes with cetaceans. Our analysis also uncovers gene losses that may be maladaptive in a modern environment, including a candidate gene (KCNK18) for sirenian cold stress syndrome likely lost during their evolutionary shift in daily activity patterns. Genomes from nine Australian locations and the functionally extinct Okinawan population confirm and date a genetic break ~10.7 thousand years ago on the Australian east coast and provide evidence of an associated ecotype, and highlight the need for whole-genome resequencing data from dugong populations worldwide for conservation and genetic management.","['D000818', 'D016678', 'D008322', 'D010802', 'D019143', 'D059001', 'D001315', 'D057906', 'D005075']"
38955856,Oleaginous fungi: a promising source of biofuels and nutraceuticals with enhanced lipid production strategies.,"Oleaginous fungi have attracted a great deal of interest for their potency to accumulate high amounts of lipids (more than 20% of biomass dry weight) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which have a variety of industrial and biological applications. Lipids of plant and animal origin are related to some restrictions and thus lead to attention towards oleaginous microorganisms as reliable substitute resources. Lipids are traditionally biosynthesized intra-cellularly and involved in the building structure of a variety of cellular compartments. In oleaginous fungi, under certain conditions of elevated carbon ratio and decreased nitrogen in the growth medium, a change in metabolic pathway occurred by switching the whole central carbon metabolism to fatty acid anabolism, which subsequently resulted in high lipid accumulation. The present review illustrates the bio-lipid structure, fatty acid classes and biosynthesis within oleaginous fungi with certain key enzymes, and the advantages of oleaginous fungi over other lipid bio-sources. Qualitative and quantitative techniques for detecting the lipid accumulation capability of oleaginous microbes including visual, and analytical (convenient and non-convenient) were debated. Factors affecting lipid production, and different approaches followed to enhance the lipid content in oleaginous yeasts and fungi, including optimization, utilization of cost-effective wastes, co-culturing, as well as metabolic and genetic engineering, were discussed. A better understanding of the oleaginous fungi regarding screening, detection, and maximization of lipid content using different strategies could help to discover new potent oleaginous isolates, exploit and recycle low-cost wastes, and improve the efficiency of bio-lipids cumulation with biotechnological significance.","['D056804', 'D005658', 'D019587', 'D008055', 'D050356', 'D060847', 'D005227', 'D018533', 'D002244']"
38955734,"[Genotype and epidemiological characteristics of human metapneumovirus among hospitalized cases of acute respiratory infection in children in Changchun City, Jilin Province from 2019 to 2023].","Objective: To investigate the genotype and epidemiological characteristics of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) among hospitalized cases with acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children in Changchun City, Jilin Province, China. Methods: From June 2019 to June 2023, throat swabs of ARI inpatients in Changchun Children's Hospital were collected, and their epidemiological and clinical information were also collected. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR was used to identify HMPV-positive cases, followed by the amplification of the G gene and genetic analysis in the HMPV-positive cases. Results: A total of 3 311 children hospitalized with ARI were included in this study. Their age ranged from 0 to 17 years old, and the M (Q1, Q3) of age was 2 (1, 3) years. About 1 811 (54.70%) cases were males. A total of 167 HMPV-positive cases were detected with a positive rate of 5.04%, of which 92.81% (155/167) were children under 5 years old. The positive rate of HMPV in 2019 was 6.37% (30/471), which dropped to the lowest in 2020 (2.31%, 10/432). The HMPV-positive rate was then rebounded in 2021 (4.70%, 60/1 277) and 2022 (4.56%, 21/461), which increased to 6.87% (46/670) in 2023. The difference in HMPV-positive rate among each year was statistically significant (P<0.05). The prevalence peak of HMPV varied in different years, showing either a unimodal or bimodal distribution in one year. A total of 79 HMPV G gene sequences were obtained, of which subtype A and subtype B accounted for 48.10% and 51.90%, respectively. All of the subtype A sequences were clarified as A2c duplicated variants, and subtype B was mainly B2 genotype. Besides, subtypes A and B were prevalent alone or co-circulated in different years, and there was a subtype replacement pattern in HMPV. Conclusion: The positive rate of HMPV in hospitalized ARI cases in children is significantly different from 2019 to 2023 in Changchun City. Notably, there are certain switch patterns of HMPV subtypes A and B in different years.","['D006801', 'D029121', 'D012141', 'D002648', 'D002675', 'D005838', 'D007223', 'D002681', 'D008297', 'D000293', 'D005260', 'D018184', 'D000208', 'D006760', 'D007231', 'D010802']"
38955721,[Research progress on the characteristics of gut microbiome in early life and its influence on atopic march].,"Allergic diseases are affected by both genetic background and environmental factors.In recent years, many studies have shown that allergic diseases are closely related to the gut microbiome.This article will elaborate on the composition of gut microbiome in early life and its relationship with allergies, the mechanism of action, and the influence of gut microbiome colonization on the atopic march, in order to improve the understanding of the relationship between allergy prevention or treatment and gut microbiome in children, and provide new ideas for the early prevention of allergic diseases and the early intervention of allergic processes.","['D006801', 'D006967', 'D064307', 'D002648', 'D000069196', 'D041981']"
38955232,"Phylogenomics recovers multiple origins of portable case making in caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera), nature's underwater architects.","Caddisflies (Trichoptera) are among the most diverse groups of freshwater animals with more than 16 000 described species. They play a fundamental role in freshwater ecology and environmental engineering in streams, rivers and lakes. Because of this, they are frequently used as indicator organisms in biomonitoring programmes. Despite their importance, key questions concerning the evolutionary history of caddisflies, such as the timing and origin of larval case making, remain unanswered owing to the lack of a well-resolved phylogeny. Here, we estimated a phylogenetic tree using a combination of transcriptomes and targeted enrichment data for 207 species, representing 48 of 52 extant families and 174 genera. We calibrated and dated the tree with 33 carefully selected fossils. The first caddisflies originated approximately 295 million years ago in the Permian, and major suborders began to diversify in the Triassic. Furthermore, we show that portable case making evolved in three separate lineages, and shifts in diversification occurred in concert with key evolutionary innovations beyond case making.","['D000818', 'D007313', 'D010802', 'D005580', 'D005075', 'D059467']"
38955231,Unique functional diversity during early Cenozoic mammal radiation of North America.,"Mammals influence nearly all aspects of energy flow and habitat structure in modern terrestrial ecosystems. However, anthropogenic effects have probably altered mammalian community structure, raising the question of how past perturbations have done so. We used functional diversity (FD) to describe how the structure of North American mammal palaeocommunities changed over the past 66 Ma, an interval spanning the radiation following the K/Pg and several subsequent environmental disruptions including the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), the expansion of grassland, and the onset of Pleistocene glaciation. For 264 fossil communities, we examined three aspects of ecological function: functional evenness, functional richness and functional divergence. We found that shifts in FD were associated with major ecological and environmental transitions. All three measures of FD increased immediately following the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs, suggesting that high degrees of ecological disturbance can lead to synchronous responses both locally and continentally. Otherwise, the components of FD were decoupled and responded differently to environmental changes over the last ~56 Myr.","['D000818', 'D008322', 'D005580', 'D009656', 'D044822', 'D017753', 'D005075']"
38955222,Pseudogenization of NK3 homeobox 2 (Nkx3.2) in monotremes provides insight into unique gastric anatomy and physiology.,"The enzymatic breakdown and regulation of food passage through the vertebrate antral stomach and pyloric sphincter (antropyloric region) is a trait conserved over 450 million years. Development of the structures involved is underpinned by a highly conserved signalling pathway involving the hedgehog, bone morphogenetic protein and Wingless/Int-1 (Wnt) protein families. Monotremes are one of the few vertebrate lineages where acid-based digestion has been lost, and this is consistent with the lack of genes for hydrochloric acid secretion and gastric enzymes in the genomes of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) and short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) . Furthermore, these species feature unique gastric phenotypes, both with truncated and aglandular antral stomachs and the platypus with no pylorus. Here, we explore the genetic underpinning of monotreme gastric phenotypes, investigating genes important in antropyloric development using the newest monotreme genomes (mOrnAna1.pri.v4 and mTacAcu1) together with RNA-seq data. We found that the pathway constituents are generally conserved, but surprisingly, NK3 homeobox 2 (Nkx3.2) was pseudogenized in both platypus and echidna. We speculate that the unique sequence evolution of Grem1 and Bmp4 sequences in the echidna lineage may correlate with their pyloric-like restriction and that the convergent loss of gastric acid and stomach size genotypes and phenotypes in teleost and monotreme lineages may be a result of eco-evolutionary dynamics. These findings reflect the effects of gene loss on phenotypic evolution and further elucidate the genetic control of monotreme stomach anatomy and physiology.","['D000818', 'D013270', 'D018398', 'D014157', 'D010987', 'D010802', 'D019143']"
38956386,Major vault protein is part of an extracellular cement material in the Atlantic salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis).,"Major vault protein (MVP) is the main component of the vault complex, which is a highly conserved ribonucleoprotein complex found in most eukaryotic organisms. MVP or vaults have previously been found to be overexpressed in multidrug-resistant cancer cells and implicated in various cellular processes such as cell signaling and innate immunity. The precise function of MVP is, however, poorly understood and its expression and probable function in lower eukaryotes are not well characterized. In this study, we report that the Atlantic salmon louse expresses three full-length MVP paralogues (LsMVP1-3). Furthermore, we extended our search and identified MVP orthologues in several other ecdysozoan species. LsMVPs were shown to be expressed in various tissues at both transcript and protein levels. In addition, evidence for LsMVP to assemble into vaults was demonstrated by performing differential centrifugation. LsMVP was found to be highly expressed in cement, an extracellular material produced by a pair of cement glands in the adult female salmon louse. Cement is important for the formation of egg strings that serve as protective coats for developing embryos. Our results imply a possible novel function of LsMVP as a secretory cement protein. LsMVP may play a role in structural or reproductive functions, although this has to be further investigated.","['D000818', 'D020394', 'D033342', 'D020317', 'D005260', 'D010802', 'D000595']"
38956288,Development and validation of the MultiScent-20 digital odour identification test using item response theory.,"Although validated and reliable psychophysical tests of olfactory function are available, an easy-to-use and feasible test has yet to be developed. This study aimed to design a digital odour identification test, evaluate its validity, assess its reliability, establish a normative curve, and explore the impact of demographic factors. The odour identification test was presented with the Multiscent-20, a hand-held, tablet-like digital scent device that features an integrated odour digital delivery system. The identification performance on the 20 odours was assessed using item response theory (IRT). The normative curve was established by administering the test to a large sample of participants (n = 1299). The mean identification score was 17.5 (SD = 2.1). The two-parameter logistic IRT model provided the best fit, revealing variation in item discrimination and difficulty parameters. Educational attainment influenced performance, with primary education associated with lower scores. Additionally, sex was not found to be associated with performance. This study provides initial evidence supporting the validity and reliability of use of the Multiscent-20 as a digital odour identification test. The test's automation and portability enable the standardized delivery of olfactory stimuli and efficient automatic recording and scoring of responses.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D009812', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D012903', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D015203', 'D000368']"
38956145,An arctic breeding songbird overheats during intense activity even at low air temperatures.,"Birds maintain some of the highest body temperatures among endothermic animals. Often deemed a selective advantage for heat tolerance, high body temperatures also limits birds' thermal safety margin before reaching lethal levels. Recent modelling suggests that sustained effort in Arctic birds might be restricted at mild air temperatures, which may require reductions in activity to avoid overheating, with expected negative impacts on reproductive performance. We measured within-individual changes in body temperature in calm birds and then in response to an experimental increase in activity in an outdoor captive population of Arctic, cold-specialised snow buntings (Plectrophenax nivalis), exposed to naturally varying air temperatures (- 15 to 36 °C). Calm buntings exhibited a modal body temperature range from 39.9 to 42.6 °C. However, we detected a significant increase in body temperature within minutes of shifting calm birds to active flight, with strong evidence for a positive effect of air temperature on body temperature (slope = 0.04 °C/ °C). Importantly, by an ambient temperature of 9 °C, flying buntings were already generating body temperatures ≥ 45 °C, approaching the upper thermal limits of organismal performance (45-47 °C). With known limited evaporative heat dissipation capacities in these birds, our results support the recent prediction that free-living buntings operating at maximal sustainable rates will increasingly need to rely on behavioural thermoregulatory strategies to regulate body temperature, to the detriment of nestling growth and survival.","['D000818', 'D001110', 'D020308', 'D003080', 'D001833', 'D001831', 'D001947', 'D012098', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D013696']"
38956140,"A new stegosaur (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Middle Jurassic of Gansu Province, China.","Stegosaurs are a minor but iconic clade of ornithischian dinosaurs, yet due to a poor fossil record, their early evolution is poorly understood. Here, we describe a new stegosaur, Baiyinosaurus baojiensis, gen. et sp. nov. from the Middle Jurassic Wangjiashan Formation of the Pingchuan District, Baiyin City, Gansu Province, China. The frontal of Baiyinosaurus possesses a unique characteristic among Stegosauria: it is wider than long and contributes to both the medial and anterior margins of the supratemporal fenestra. The character combinations of dorsal vertebrae of Baiyinosaurus are also different to other stegosaurs: its neural arches are not greatly elongated, its parapophyses are well developed, and its neural spines are axially expanded in lateral. The features of the frontal and vertebrae of Baiyinosaurus are reminiscent of basally branching thyreophorans, indicating that Baiyinosaurus is transitional in morphology between early thyreophorans and early-diverging stegosaurs. Systematic analysis shows that Baiyinosaurus is an early-diverging stegosaur.","['D025061', 'D000818', 'D002681', 'D005580', 'D010802', 'D013131', 'D005075']"
38956072,Acquisition of non-olfactory encoding improves odour discrimination in olfactory cortex.,"Olfaction is influenced by contextual factors, past experiences, and the animal's internal state. Whether this information is integrated at the initial stages of cortical odour processing is not known, nor how these signals may influence odour encoding. Here we revealed multiple and diverse non-olfactory responses in the primary olfactory (piriform) cortex (PCx), which dynamically enhance PCx odour discrimination according to behavioural demands. We performed recordings of PCx neurons from mice trained in a virtual reality task to associate odours with visual contexts to obtain a reward. We found that learning shifts PCx activity from encoding solely odours to a regime in which positional, contextual, and associative responses emerge on odour-responsive neurons that become mixed-selective. The modulation of PCx activity by these non-olfactory signals was dynamic, improving odour decoding during task engagement and in rewarded contexts. This improvement relied on the acquired mixed-selectivity, demonstrating how integrating extra-sensory inputs in sensory cortices can enhance sensory processing while encoding the behavioural relevance of stimuli.","['D000818', 'D009812', 'D051379', 'D012903', 'D012201', 'D008297', 'D066194', 'D066195', 'D008810', 'D055696', 'D009474', 'D005260', 'D004192']"
38955850,The persistence of bipartite ecological communities with Lotka-Volterra dynamics.,"The assembly and persistence of ecological communities can be understood as the result of the interaction and migration of species. Here we study a single community subject to migration from a species pool in which inter-specific interactions are organised according to a bipartite network. Considering the dynamics of species abundances to be governed by generalised Lotka-Volterra equations, we extend work on unipartite networks to we derive exact results for the phase diagram of this model. Focusing on antagonistic interactions, we describe factors that influence the persistence of the two guilds, locate transitions to multiple-attractor and unbounded phases, as well as identifying a region of parameter space in which consumers are essentially absent in the local community.","['D017753', 'D008954', 'D011157', 'D055641', 'D000818', 'D020387']"
38955733,[Evaluation of disinfection effect of high-energy pulse ultraviolet disinfection equipment in medical institution settings].,"Objective: To evaluate the disinfection effect of high-energy pulse ultraviolet disinfection equipment in medical institution settings. Methods: The disinfection effect was evaluated through field tests and laboratory tests. Among them, 135 high-frequency contact points were selected from nine departments in the field test. Samples were collected before and after disinfection, and the disinfection effects of 75% alcohol wipes wiping disinfection, high-energy pulse ultraviolet disinfection robot disinfection and high-energy pulse ultraviolet handheld disinfection instrument were compared. In the laboratory test, 30 infected areas of the simulated test table were exposed to vertical ultraviolet irradiation and the bacterial-killing rate before and after disinfection was calculated. Results: In the field test, the bacteria-killing rates of 75% alcohol wipes, high-energy pulse ultraviolet disinfection robot and high-energy pulse ultraviolet handheld disinfection instrument were 94.99%, 91.53% and 95.94%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant. The disinfection effect of the high-energy pulse ultraviolet handheld disinfection instrument was better than that of the high-energy pulse ultraviolet disinfection robot (P values <0.05). In the laboratory test, the killing log value of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli on the carrier were both greater than 3.00. In the simulated field test, the killing log value of Staphylococcus aureus on the surface samples were 4.99. Conclusion: Both the high-energy pulse ultraviolet handheld disinfection instrument and the high-energy pulse ultraviolet disinfection robot have good disinfection effects, which are similar to the disinfection effects of conventional 75% alcohol wipes.","['D004203', 'D014466', 'D003428']"
38954713,Intermittent low-dose far-UVC irradiation inhibits growth of common mold below threshold limit value.,"Mold infestations in buildings pose significant challenges to human health, affecting both private residences and hospitals. While molds commonly trigger asthma and allergies in the immunocompetent, they can cause life-threatening diseases in the immunocompromised. Currently, there is an unmet need for new strategies to reduce or prevent mold infestations. Far-UVC technology can inactivate microorganisms while remaining safe for humans. This study investigates the inhibitory efficacy of far-UVC light at 222 nm on the growth of common mold-producing fungi, specifically Penicillium candidum, when delivered in low-dose on-off duty cycles, a configuration consistent with its use in real-world settings. The inhibitory effect of the low-dose duty cycles was assessed on growth induced by i) an adjacent spore-producing P. candidum donor and ii) P. candidum spores seeded directly onto agar plates. In both setups, the far-UVC light significantly inhibited both vertical and horizontal growth of P. candidum, even when the UV doses were below the Threshold Value Limit of 23 mJ/cm2. These results suggest that far-UVC light holds the potential to improve indoor air quality by reducing or preventing mold growth, also when people are present.","['D014466', 'D010407', 'D013172', 'D005658', 'D006801', 'D016902', 'D020711']"
38954702,The impact of Astragaloside IV on the inflammatory response and gut microbiota in cases of acute lung injury is examined through the utilization of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.,"Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a natural triterpenoid saponin compound with a variety of pharmacological effects, and several studies have clarified its anti-inflammatory effects, which may make it an effective alternative treatment against inflammation. In the study, we aimed to investigate whether AS-IV could attenuate the inflammatory response to acute lung injury and its mechanisms.","['D000818', 'D012503', 'D014315', 'D055371', 'D058570', 'D000069196', 'D051057', 'D019869', 'D015398', 'D051381', 'D008297', 'D051379', 'D017207', 'D007249', 'D001992', 'D008168', 'D000893']"
38954695,Empirical validation of integrated stock assessment models to ensuring risk equivalence: A pathway to resilient fisheries management.,"The Precautionary Approach to Fisheries Management requires an assessment of the impact of uncertainty on the risk of achieving management objectives. However, the main quantities, such as spawning stock biomass (SSB) and fish mortality (F), used in management metrics cannot be directly observed. This requires the use of models to provide guidance, for which there are three paradigms: the best assessment, model ensemble, and Management Strategy Evaluation (MSE). It is important to validate the models used to provide advice. In this study, we demonstrate how stock assessment models can be validated using a diagnostic toolbox, with a specific focus on prediction skill. Prediction skill measures the precision of a predicted value, which is unknown to the model, in relation to its observed value. By evaluating the accuracy of model predictions against observed data, prediction skill establishes an objective framework for accepting or rejecting model hypotheses, as well as for assigning weights to models within an ensemble. Our analysis uncovers the limitations of traditional stock assessment methods. Through the quantification of uncertainties and the integration of multiple models, our objective is to improve the reliability of management advice considering the complex interplay of factors that influence the dynamics of fish stocks.","['D005398', 'D000818', 'D005399', 'D035501', 'D018533', 'D008962', 'D003247', 'D015203', 'D018570']"
38954629,Effects of a Sheer 100% Mineral Sunscreen Moisturizer on Facial Photodamage Across Fitzpatrick Skin Types.,"All skin tones need to be protected from the damaging effects of solar radiation. Although mineral sunscreens offer protection, they can have a thick, greasy feel and leave a white cast, particularly on darker skin tones. Tints offset white cast and provide visible light protection; however, patients may prefer a sheer option. Therefore, a multifunctional, sheer, 100% mineral sunscreen moisturizer (MSM) with broad-spectrum SPF 50 was developed to have positive aesthetics and deliver anti-aging and skin health benefits to all skin tones.&nbsp; Methods: An IRB-approved, 12-week, open-label clinical study was conducted to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of the MSM. Thirty-nine (39) females aged 35 to 60 years with moderate-severe overall facial photodamage and representing all Fitzpatrick skin types (FST) were recruited. Participants applied the MSM to the face and neck in the morning and reapplied per US Food and Drug Administration requirements. Efficacy and tolerability grading, photography, ultrasound imaging, corneometer measurements, and questionnaires were completed at baseline and weeks 4, 8, and 12.&nbsp; Results: Statistically significant progressive improvements were demonstrated from baseline to week 12. At week 12, 23.4% and 26.5% mean improvements in overall photodamage were seen for FST I-III and FST IV-VI, respectively. Favorable tolerability was shown for both the face and neck. Photography corroborated clinical grading, and ultrasound imaging indicated a trend in skin density improvement. The MSM was well-perceived.&nbsp; Conclusion: The MSM is an efficacious and well-tolerated product for patients of all skin tones who desire a sheer, 100% mineral sunscreen moisturizer with anti-aging and skin health benefits.&nbsp;J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(7):538-544.&nbsp; doi:10.36849/JDD.8082.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D013473', 'D015595', 'D012880', 'D063465', 'D005145', 'D016896', 'D000279', 'D059405']"
38954628,Image Analysis of Xerosis and Atopic Dermatitis Following Prebiotic Skincare Regimen in Ethnically Diverse Patients.,"Variations in the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and disease course in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients with Skin of Color (SOC) compared with white counterparts have been reported. In this study, we evaluated the capability of a new imaging device (SkinCam) in quantifying skin texture changes in diverse patients, presenting with AD or xerosis, after using a prebiotic skincare routine over 10 weeks.&nbsp; A total of 39 subjects from diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds, aged 3 to 76 years old, with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes I to VI, presenting with mild AD and moderate to severe xerosis, were enrolled in the study. All subjects used a prebiotic cleanser on its own for 2 weeks, followed by a prebiotic moisturizer in conjunction for an additional 8 weeks. Standardized images of the subjects' legs were taken with SkinCam at several time points (baseline, week 2, and week 10), and analyzed for skin texture parameters. Our results demonstrate that both skin texture irregularity and skin color patterns significantly improve over time with a prebiotic skincare regimen in AD (n=12) and xerosis (n=24) subjects. Interestingly, image analyses showed more improvement over time in xerosis and AD SOC patients (n=18, Fitzpatrick IV-VI). Lastly, skin texture analyses from SkinCam imaging correlated with clinical assessments, showing significant improvement by prebiotic skincare regimen in all subjects by week 10. In summary, our results demonstrate that the SkinCam&nbsp;imaging device has the capability to effectively monitor skin texture parameters over time in both AD and xerosis patients with lightly and darkly pigmented skin.&nbsp;J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(7):557-563.&nbsp; doi:10.36849/JDD.8371.","['D006801', 'D003876', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D005260', 'D056692', 'D008297', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D012880', 'D017592', 'D002648', 'D002675', 'D005006', 'D016896', 'D063465']"
38954626,Photo Visualization of Skintone Compatibility of an SPF 35 Sunscreen.,"Visual casts and discoloration are common barriers to sunscreen use in melanin-rich populations. However, photoprotective measures are essential for individuals with all skin types, including darker skin.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D013473', 'D000328', 'D059405', 'D010781', 'D008875', 'D012880', 'D055815', 'D012867', 'D000279', 'D011795', 'D063465']"
38954624,Visual Learning Equity Initiative Enhances Preclinical Dermatologic Image Representation: A Cross-Sectional Study.,"Despite growing diversity in the United States population, studies show that medical education lacks representation of conditions in darker skin tones. Given that medical conditions present differently in different skin tones, limited exposure to images of darker tones in medical training may contribute to incorrect or delayed diagnoses, perpetuating health inequities. This study examines the preclinical curriculum at the Georgetown University School of Medicine (GUSOM) to report on its image representation with respect to skin tone and to assess the impact of a student-driven initiative in achieving visual learning equity (VLE). Of 1050 preclinical images, 58.2% depicted conditions in light/white skin tones, 31.3% in medium/brown, and 10.5% in dark/black. The microbiology and pathology courses had the highest percentages of dark/black and medium/brown images. Infectious disease images made up 36.3% of all images with 54.6% light/white, 31.5% medium/brown, and 13.9% dark/black. Overall, the first images representing conditions were 63.5% light/white, 30.0% medium/brown, and 6.6% dark/black. When dark/black images were presented first, 64.3% were of infectious diseases, compared to 35.1% for medium/brown and only 28.4% for white/light first images that were infectious diseases. A significant increase in images of conditions in darker skin tones was observed in the IRD course 2022 compared to the IRD course 2020 (P&lt;.001). Our study highlights an underrepresentation of darker skin tones compared to lighter skin tones in the GUSOM preclinical curriculum. A student-led initiative significantly increased the representation of darker skin tones in dermatologic images, demonstrating the potential impact of such efforts in achieving VLE in medical education.J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(7):519-524.&nbsp; doi:10.36849/JDD.7992.","['D006801', 'D003430', 'D003880', 'D012871', 'D003479', 'D012880', 'D004504', 'D014481', 'D013337']"
38954623,Inverse Eruptive Syringoma in a Skin of Color Patient.,"Syringomas are benign neoplasms derived from eccrine sweat glands. Eruptive syringomas are a subtype of syringomas and are typically located on the chest, neck, and abdomen during puberty or childhood. Herein, we present a 20-year-old African American female with an atypical case of eruptive syringomas, characterized by an unusual distribution on her chest, abdomen, and anterior and posterior bilateral extremities. This case underscores the importance of recognizing diverse presentations of skin conditions in patients with skin of color and adds to the limited reports of eruptive syringoma in these populations. We present and emphasize this atypical manifestation of eruptive syringomas in an individual with darker skin to promote awareness and improve diagnosis and patient outcomes.J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(7):564-566. doi:10.36849/JDD.8103.","['D006801', 'D018252', 'D005260', 'D013544', 'D055815', 'D012880', 'D001741']"
38954622,"Representation of Skin of Color in Social Media Discussions on Melasma, Keloids, and Vitiligo.","The prevalence of social media as a source of medical information has grown substantially in recent years, especially for skin conditions disproportionately affecting individuals with skin of color, such as melasma, keloids, and vitiligo.","['D061108', 'D006801', 'D014820', 'D007627', 'D008548', 'D012880', 'D000072085']"
38954621,Updates on the Molecular Basis of Photoaging in All Skin Types.,"Photoaging is a complex, ongoing process that clinically manifests as cutaneous rhytides, atrophy, laxity, dyspigmentation, telangiectasias, roughness, and mottled appearance of the skin. There is an abundance of research establishing the mechanism of ultraviolet (UV) - induced photodamage as it is a significant source of photoaging and skin cancers. While UV damage is known to induce photoaging, it is important to understand how other forms of light radiation also contribute to this process. UV only constitutes 5 to 10% of solar radiation that reaches the earth's surface. The remaining nearly 90% is evenly split between infrared and visible light radiation. Early research shows that varied skin types may elicit different photobiologic responses to light. This article presents the mechanisms and biomarkers of photodamage induced by light from across the spectrum, including UV, visible light, and infrared to better prevent and reverse the damage of photoaging in all skin types.J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(7):504-509.&nbsp; doi:10.36849/JDD.7438.","['D015595', 'D006801', 'D014466', 'D012867', 'D007259', 'D012878']"
38954614,DermTok: Who's Talking Sun? A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Sun Protection Content on TikTok.,"Despite the widespread interest in dermatology on TikTok, studies have shown most related videos are not produced by board-certified dermatologists (BCDs) or other health professionals. To see if this trend extended to sun protection, we examined TikTok videos associated with sun safety to determine the proportion produced by BCDs. From August 25, 2023, to August 27, 2023, investigators input the following hashtags into the TikTok search bar: #sunscreen, #sunprotection, #spf, #skincancer, and #skinprotection. The top 100 videos in each category were analyzed and categorized based on the content creator. Additionally, we assessed whether videos explicitly addressed skin of color (SOC). Of the analyzed videos, only 16.6% originated from BCDs. Beauty bloggers/bloggers were the most prevalent creators in this category (38.7%), followed by patients/consumers (33.7%). Only 2.8% of the videos pertained to SOC patients. This highlights a gap in the type of educational content generated by dermatologists on TikTok, with sun safety being a potential subject to target within social media. Additionally, the small representation of videos addressing SOC patients underscores the need for more diverse and inclusive educational skincare content on TikTok.J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(7):571-574. doi:10.36849/JDD.8179.","['D006801', 'D003430', 'D013473', 'D061108', 'D013471', 'D003880', 'D014741', 'D013472', 'D012880', 'D000072085', 'D012878', 'D010353']"
38954552,Relative decline in density of Northern Hemisphere tree species in warm and arid regions of their climate niches.,"Although climate change is expected to drive tree species toward colder and wetter regions of their distribution, broadscale empirical evidence is lacking. One possibility is that past and present human activities in forests obscure or alter the effects of climate. Here, using data from more than two million monitored trees from 73 widely distributed species, we quantify changes in tree species density within their climatic niches across Northern Hemisphere forests. We observe a reduction in mean density across species, coupled with a tendency toward increasing tree size. However, the direction and magnitude of changes in density exhibit considerable variability between species, influenced by stand development that results from previous stand-level disturbances. Remarkably, when accounting for stand development, our findings show a significant change in density toward cold and wet climatic conditions for 43% of the species, compared to only 14% of species significantly changing their density toward warm and arid conditions in both early- and late-development stands. The observed changes in climate-driven density showed no clear association with species traits related to drought tolerance, recruitment and dispersal capacity, or resource use, nor with the temperature or aridity affiliation of the species, leaving the underlying mechanism uncertain. Forest conservation policies and associated management strategies might want to consider anticipated long-term species range shifts alongside the integration of contemporary within-distribution density changes.","['D014197', 'D057231', 'D065928', 'D017753', 'D002980', 'D055864', 'D013696']"
38954550,Principal role of fungi in soil carbon stabilization during early pedogenesis in the high Arctic.,"Climate warming is causing widespread deglaciation and pioneer soil formation over glacial deposits. Melting glaciers expose rocky terrain and glacial till sediment that is relatively low in biomass, oligotrophic, and depleted in nutrients. Following initial colonization by microorganisms, glacial till sediments accumulate organic carbon and nutrients over time. However, the mechanisms driving soil nutrient stabilization during early pedogenesis after glacial retreat remain unclear. Here, we traced amino acid uptake by microorganisms in recently deglaciated high-Arctic soils and show that fungi play a critical role in the initial stabilization of the assimilated carbon. Pioneer basidiomycete yeasts were among the predominant taxa responsible for carbon assimilation, which were associated with overall high amino acid use efficiency and reduced respiration. In intermediate- and late-stage soils, lichenized ascomycete fungi were prevalent, but bacteria increasingly dominated amino acid assimilation, with substantially decreased fungal:bacterial amino acid assimilation ratios and increased respiration. Together, these findings demonstrate that fungi are important drivers of pedogenesis in high-Arctic ecosystems that are currently subject to widespread deglaciation from global warming.","['D001110', 'D002244', 'D012988', 'D012987', 'D005658', 'D046448', 'D057232', 'D000596', 'D017753']"
38954548,Reassessing the exon-foldon correspondence using frustration analysis.,"Protein folding and evolution are intimately linked phenomena. Here, we revisit the concept of exons as potential protein folding modules across a set of 38 abundant and conserved protein families. Taking advantage of genomic exon-intron organization and extensive protein sequence data, we explore exon boundary conservation and assess the foldon-like behavior of exons using energy landscape theoretic measurements. We found deviations in the exon size distribution from exponential decay indicating selection in evolution. We show that when taken together there is a pronounced tendency to independent foldability for segments corresponding to the more conserved exons, supporting the idea of exon-foldon correspondence. While 45% of the families follow this general trend when analyzed individually, there are some families for which other stronger functional determinants, such as preserving frustrated active sites, may be acting. We further develop a systematic partitioning of protein domains using exon boundary hotspots, showing that minimal common exons correspond with uninterrupted alpha and/or beta elements for the majority of the families but not for all of them.","['D005091', 'D017510', 'D006801', 'D011506', 'D019143', 'D007438']"
38954229,Assessment of heavy metal levels in polyculture fish farms and their aquatic ecosystems: an integrative study addressing environmental and human health risks associated with dam water usage.,"This study examines the levels of heavy metals in polyculture fish (Labeo rohita, Cyprinus carpio, and Catla catla), water, and sediment in Tanda Dam, Kohat, Pakistan, aiming to understand environmental and health risks. Samples of fish, water, and sediment were collected from 3 fish farms, and heavy metal concentrations were measured using a Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Results reveal that C. catla exhibited significantly higher (p < 0.05) levels of Zn than other fish species. Conversely, C. carpio showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn, Cu, As, and Ni than other species. The heavy metal hierarchy in C. carpio was found to be Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Cd > Mn > As > Ni. While heavy metal levels in L. rohita and C. catla generally fell within reference ranges, exceptions were noted for Zn, Pb, and Cd. Conversely, in C. carpio, all metals exceeded reference ranges except for Cu and Ni. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated a close relationship between water and sediment. Additionally, cluster analysis suggested that C. catla formed a distinct cluster from L. rohita and C. carpio, implying different responses to the environment. Despite concerns raised by the Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) and Contamination Factor (CF), particularly for Cd, which exhibited a high CF. Furthermore, Hazard Index (HI) values for all three fish species were below 1, suggesting low health risks. However, elevated Igeo and CF values for Cd suggest significant pollution originating from anthropogenic sources. This study underscores the importance of monitoring heavy metals in water for both environmental preservation and human health protection. Future research efforts should prioritize pollution control measures to ensure ecosystem and public health safety.","['D019216', 'D000818', 'D014874', 'D006801', 'D018570', 'D019015', 'D004784', 'D010154', 'D017753', 'D002347', 'D005399', 'D025341', 'D017756']"
38954199,Quantitative Analysis of the Inactivation Process of Internalized Bacteria in Dictyostelium Cells.,"The understanding of the inactivation process of ingested bacteria by phagocytes is a key focus in the field of host-pathogen interactions. Dictyostelium is a model organism that has been at the forefront of uncovering the mechanisms underlying this type of interaction. In this study, we describe an assay designed to measure the inactivation of Klebsiella aerogenes in the phagosomes of Dictyostelium discoideum.","['D004023', 'D054884', 'D010588', 'D010587']"
38954171,"Formulation, Optimization and In-Vivo Characterization of Thermosensitive In-Situ Nasal Gel Loaded with Bacoside a for Treatment of Epilepsy.","The intranasal route has demonstrated superior systemic bioavailability due to its extensive surface area, the porous nature of the endothelial membrane, substantial blood flow, and circumvention of first-pass metabolism. In traditional medicinal practices, Bacopa monnieri, also known as Brahmi, is known for its benefits in enhancing cognitive functions and potential effects in epilepsy. This study aimed to develop and optimize a thermosensitive in-situ nasal gel for delivering Bacoside A, the principal active compound extracted from Bacopa monnieri. The formulation incorporated Poloxamer 407 as a thermogelling agent and HPMC K4M as the Mucoadhesive polymer. A 32-factorial design approach was employed for Optimization. Among the formulations. F7 exhibited the most efficient Ex-vivo permeation through the nasal mucosa, achieving 94.69 ± 2.54% permeation, and underwent a sol-gel transition at approximately 30.48 °C. The study's factorial design revealed that gelling temperature and mucoadhesive strength were critical factors influencing performance. The potential of in-situ nasal Gel (Optimized Batch-F7) for the treatment of epilepsy was demonstrated in an in-vivo investigation using a PTZ-induced convulsion model. This formulation decreased both the occurrence and intensity of seizures. The optimized formulation F7 showcases significant promise as an effective nasal delivery system for Bacoside A, offering enhanced bioavailability and potentially increased efficacy in epilepsy treatment.","['D000818', 'D000281', 'D004827', 'D005782', 'D009297', 'D008297', 'D014315', 'D013696', 'D012503', 'D002626', 'D001682', 'D051381', 'D020442', 'D000927']"
38954147,Tropical Logistic Regression Model on Space of Phylogenetic Trees.,"Classification of gene trees is an important task both in the analysis of multi-locus phylogenetic data, and assessment of the convergence of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analyses used in Bayesian phylogenetic tree reconstruction. The logistic regression model is one of the most popular classification models in statistical learning, thanks to its computational speed and interpretability. However, it is not appropriate to directly apply the standard logistic regression model to a set of phylogenetic trees, as the space of phylogenetic trees is non-Euclidean and thus contradicts the standard assumptions on covariates. It is well-known in tropical geometry and phylogenetics that the space of phylogenetic trees is a tropical linear space in terms of the max-plus algebra. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an analogue approach of the logistic regression model in the setting of tropical geometry. Our proposed method outperforms classical logistic regression in terms of Area under the ROC Curve in numerical examples, including with data generated by the multi-species coalescent model. Theoretical properties such as statistical consistency have been proved and generalization error rates have been derived. Finally, our classification algorithm is proposed as an MCMC convergence criterion for Mr Bayes. Unlike the convergence metric used by Mr Bayes which is only dependent on tree topologies, our method is sensitive to branch lengths and therefore provides a more robust metric for convergence. In a test case, it is illustrated that the tropical logistic regression can differentiate between two independently run MCMC chains, even when the standard metric cannot.","['D010802', 'D001499', 'D055641', 'D016015', 'D008390', 'D008957', 'D000465', 'D009010', 'D012372', 'D003198']"
38954139,Similar experimental study on diffusion and distribution of diesel exhaust in confined space of a coal mine.,"In the confined space of the underground coal mine, which is dominated by transportation lanes, explosion-proof diesel-powered trackless rubber-wheeled vehicles are becoming the main transportation equipment, and the exhaust gas produced by them is hazardous to the health of workers and pollutes the underground environment. In this experiment, a similar test platform is built to study the effects of wind speed, vehicle speed, and different wind directions on the diffusion characteristics of exhaust gas. In this paper, CO and SO2 are mainly studied. The results show that the diffusion of CO and SO2 gas is similar and the maximum SO2 concentration only accounts for 11.4% of the CO concentration. Exhaust gas is better diluted by increasing the wind speed and vehicle speed, respectively. Downwind is affected by the reverse wind flow and diffuses to the driver's position, which is easy to cause occupational diseases. When the wind is a headwind, the exhaust gases spread upwards and make a circumvention movement, gathering at the top. When the wind speed and vehicle speed are both 0.6 m/s, the CO concentration corresponds to the change trend of the Lorentz function when the wind is downwind and the CO concentration corresponds to the change trend of the BiDoseResp function when the wind is headwind. The study of exhaust gas diffusion characteristics is of great significance for the subsequent purification of the air in the restricted mine space and the protection of the workers' occupational health.","['D001335', 'D003032', 'D014919', 'D020378', 'D013458', 'D002248', 'D004058', 'D004784', 'D000393', 'D000395', 'D016273']"
38954122,"Distribution, risk evaluation, and source allocation of cesium and strontium in surface soil in a mining city.","Radioactive nuclides cesium (Cs) and strontium (Sr) possess long half-lives, with 135Cs at approximately 2.3 million years and 87Sr at about 49 billion years. Their persistent accumulation can result in long-lasting radioactive contamination of soil ecosystems. This study employed geo-accumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk index (PEPI), health risk assessment model (HRA), and Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the pollution and health risks of Cs and Sr in the surface soil of different functional areas in a typical mining city in China. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was used to elucidate the potential sources of Cs and Sr and the respective contribution rates of natural and anthropogenic sources. The findings indicate that soils in the mining area exhibited significantly higher levels of Cs and Sr pollution compared to smelting factory area, agricultural area, and urban residential area. Strontium did not pose a potential ecological risk in any studied functional area. The non-carcinogenic health risk of Sr to the human body in the study area was relatively low. Because of the lack of parameters for Cs, the potential ecological and human health risks of Cs was not calculated. The primary source of Cs in the soil was identified as the parent material from which the soil developed, while Sr mainly originated from associated contamination caused by mining activities. This research provides data for the control of Cs and Sr pollution in the surface soil of mining city.","['D018570', 'D008906', 'D002681', 'D012990', 'D002588', 'D006801', 'D013326', 'D002586', 'D002947', 'D012987', 'D009010', 'D011834']"
38954106,Temporal and spatial evolution of net primary productivity in the Three-River Headwaters Region under phenological changes and anthropogenic influence.,"Understanding the spatiotemporal changes in net primary productivity (NPP) and the driving factors behind these changes in climate-vulnerable regions is crucial for ecological conservation. This study simulates the actual NPP (NPPA) and climate potential NPP (NPPC) in the Three-River Headwaters Region from 2000 to 2020. The Theil-Sen Median method and Mann-Kendall mutation analyses are employed to explore their spatiotemporal variation patterns, while geographic weighted regression and machine learning are used to investigate the influence of anthropogenic activities and climatic factors on NPPA, the results indicate that the average NPPA across the entire region over multiple years is 382.506 g C m - 2  yr - 1    , which is 0.132 times the average annual NPPC over the past 21 years, showing an overall distribution pattern of low in the northwest and high in the southeast. The annual increase in NPPA from 2000 to 2020 is approximately 1.034 g C m - 2  yr - 1    . The source region of the Yangtze River shows the largest improvement in vegetation, with 74.1% of the area showing improvement. Between 2002 and 2003, the annual NPPA in the Three-River Headwaters Region experienced a sudden change, lagging behind the NPPC change by 1 year, and after 2005, the upward trend in NPPA became more pronounced. The impact of anthropogenic activities on NPPA shifted from positive to negative to positive from 2000 to 2020, with significant impact areas mainly concentrated in the northeast and a few areas in the central and southern parts. The proportion of areas with extremely significant impact increased from 1.9% in 2000 to 3.7% in 2020. Over the past 21 years, the main factors influencing NPPA changes in the Three-River Headwaters Region have been soil moisture and precipitation, with the influence of different climate factors on NPP changing over time. Additionally, NPP is more sensitive to changes in altitude in low-altitude areas. This study can provide more accurate theoretical support for ecological environment assessment and subsequent protection efforts in the Three-River Headwaters Region.","['D004784', 'D045483', 'D057231', 'D000087602', 'D002681', 'D017753']"
38954098,"Description of a new species of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 (Acari: Ixodidae), parasite of rodents (Rodentia: Muridae) in Malaysia and Vietnam.","Ixodes abramovi n. sp. (Acari: Ixodidae) is described based on females ex various rodents (Rodentia: Muridae) from Malaysia and Vietnam. Females of this new species are similar to those of some other Oriental species of the subgenus Ixodes Latreille, 1795 such as I. granulatus Supino, 1897 and I. werneri Kohls, 1950, from which they can be distinguished by the size of scutum, length of cornua, shape and length of auriculae and length of spurs on coxae.","['D000818', 'D008296', 'D014744', 'D005260', 'D018884', 'D013045', 'D009115']"
38954069,Application of multi-criteria group decision-making for water quality management.,"As waste discharge into numerous river systems escalates, the pollution of water bodies typically rises. Given the limited capacity of rivers to withstand pollution and their constrained self-cleaning capabilities, treated pollutants from waste discharge must be released into the river. Despite numerous models and algorithms proposed for managing river water quality to meet standards, literature, to our awareness, lacks the utilization of a comprehensive multi-criteria group decision-making approach for water quality management, particularly in river systems. Therefore, this research introduces a new, comprehensive multi-criteria group decision-making for the management of water quality in the Haraz River basin, located in Iran. To do so, the water quality of the basin, a one-dimensional water quality model, QUAL2Kw, was employed to simulate and calibrate the water quality along the river. The simulation results revealed that the downstream water quality violates the water quality standards. To mitigate this issue, various scenarios for waste load allocation (WLA) were evaluated, including no wastewater treatment, primary wastewater treatment, advanced secondary wastewater treatment utilizing the activated sludge (AS) method, and advanced wastewater treatment via the membrane bioreactor (MBR) method. Utilizing the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Fuzzy TOPSIS group decision-making model, it was determined that the optimal solution was the implementation of secondary wastewater treatment utilizing the activated sludge method for the 11 PS of pollution, while still adhering to Iranian water quality standard. In addition, the findings of the present study indicate that the implementation of primary wastewater treatment, advanced secondary wastewater treatment utilizing AS, and advanced wastewater treatment through MBR within the study area led to a significant enhancement in water quality. This enhancement ranged from 35 to 105% across various scenarios when compared to conditions where no actions were taken to the treatment of water.","['D060753', 'D007492', 'D045483', 'D004784', 'D003657', 'D014865', 'D014874', 'D062065']"
38954067,"Multi-criteria GIS-based land suitability analysis for rice cultivation: a case study in Guilan Province, Iran.","Ensuring food security and sustainable resource management has become a paramount global concern, prompting significant attention to land suitability analysis for enhancing agricultural production. In this study, an AHP-weighted overlay method was employed to delineate rice cultivation suitability in Guilan province, Iran, a central hub for rice production. Sixteen climatic, topographic, and soil variables were integrated, and individual maps were reclassified to align with the specific requisites for rice production. The results revealed three suitability classes: including 'very suitable,' 'suitable,' and 'moderately suitable', covering 91%, 6%, and 3% of the land, respectively. Soil attributes, particularly organic matter, significantly influenced suitability (weight value of 0.745), with topographic and soil factors outweighing climate in assessment. While salinity is generally absent, organic matter deficiency affects 44% of the land. Phosphorus imbalances are prevalent, with potassium toxicity observed in 10%. Microelement deficiencies, especially in iron and zinc, are noted. Additionally, the results indicated that topographic and soil attributes played a more significant role than climate-related factors in assessing land suitability for rice cultivation within the study area. This research provides a comprehensive spatial analysis of all variables in the study region, shedding light on the complexities of land suitability for rice cultivation. These findings contribute to the understanding of agricultural sustainability and resource management strategies in the context of food security.","['D012275', 'D007492', 'D040362', 'D004784', 'D000383', 'D012987', 'D003247', 'D002980']"
38954066,"Spatial distribution of physicochemical parameters and drinking and irrigation water quality indices in the Jhelum River, Pakistan.","Sustainable management of river systems is a serious concern, requiring vigilant monitoring of water contamination levels that could potentially threaten the ecological community. This study focused on the evaluation of water quality in the Jhelum River (JR), Azad Jammu and Kashmir, and northern Punjab, Pakistan. To achieve this, 60 water samples were collected from various points within the JR Basin (JRB) and subjected to a comprehensive analysis of their physicochemical parameters. The study findings indicated that the concentrations of physicochemical parameters in the JRB water remained within safety thresholds for both drinking and irrigation water, as established by the World Health Organization and Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency. These physicochemical parameters refer to various chemical and physical characteristics of the water that can have implications for both human health (drinking water) and agricultural practices (irrigation water). The spatial variations throughout the river course distinguished between the upstream, midstream, and downstream sections. Specifically, the downstream section exhibited significantly higher values for physicochemical parameters and a broader range, highlighting a substantial decline in its quality. Significant disparities in mean values and ranges were evident, particularly in the case of nitrates and total dissolved solids, when the downstream section was compared with its upstream and midstream counterparts. These variations indicated a deteriorating downstream water quality profile, which is likely attributable to a combination of geological and anthropogenic influences. Despite the observed deterioration in the downstream water quality, this study underscores that the JRB within the upper Indus Basin remains safe and suitable for domestic and agricultural purposes. The JRB was evaluated for various irrigation water quality indices. The principal component analysis conducted in this study revealed distinct covariance patterns among water quality variables, with the first five components explaining approximately 79% of the total variance. Recommending the continued utilization of the JRB for irrigation, we advocate for the preservation and enhancement of water quality in the downstream regions.","['D010154', 'D045483', 'D057914', 'D060766', 'D060753', 'D014874', 'D004784']"
38954062,"Mesobacterium hydrothermale sp. nov., isolated from shallow-sea hydrothermal systems off Kueishantao Island.","A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, aerobic bacterium, designated as strain TK19101T, was isolated from the intermediate seawater of yellow vent in the shallow-sea hydrothermal system located near Kueishantao Island. The strain was found to grow at 10-40 °C (optimum, 35 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, 7.0), and in 0-5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1%). Strain TK19101T was catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. The predominant fatty acids (> 10%) in strain TK19101T cells were C16:0, summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω6c and/or C18:1 ω7c), and C18:0. The predominant isoprenoid quinone of strain TK19101T was ubiquinone-10. The polar lipids of strain TK19101T comprised phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phospholipid, and unknown polar lipid. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TK19101T belonged to the genus Mesobacterium. Strain TK19101T exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value to Mesobacterium pallidum MCCC M24557T (97.48%). The estimated average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain TK19101T and the closest related species Mesobacterium pallidum MCCC M24557T were 74.88% and 20.30%, respectively. The DNA G + C content was 63.49 mol%. On the basis of the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain TK19101T has a unique phylogenetic status and represents a novel species of genus Mesobacterium, for which the name Mesobacterium hydrothermale sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TK19101T (= MCCC 1K08936T = KCTC 8354T).","['D010802', 'D012336', 'D060086', 'D004269', 'D005227', 'D012623', 'D001482', 'D015373', 'D062312', 'D010743', 'D017422', 'D002681']"
38954059,Fabrication of fluorescence probe based on molecularly imprinted polymers on red emissive biomass-derived carbon dots coupled with smartphone readout for tyramine determination in fermented meat products.,"A fluorescence probe based on molecularly imprinted polymers on red emissive biomass-derived carbon dots (r-BCDs@MIPs) was developed to detect tyramine in fermented meat products. The red emissive biomass-derived carbon dots (r-BCDs) were synthesized by the one-step solvothermal method using discarded passion fruit shells as raw materials. The fluorescence emission peak of r-BCDs was at 670 nm, and the relative quantum yield (QY) was about 2.44%. Molecularly imprinted sensing materials were prepared with r-BCDs as fluorescent centers for the detection of trace tyramine, which showed a good linear response in the concentration range of tyramine from 1 to 40 µg L-1. The linear correlation coefficient was 0.9837, and the limit of detection was 0.77 µg L-1. The method was successfully applied to the determination of tyramine in fermented meat products, and the recovery was 87.17-106.02%. The reliability of the results was verified through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore, we combined the r-BCDs@MIPs with smartphone-assisted signal readout to achieve real-time detection of tyramine in real samples. Considering its simplicity and convenience, the method could be used as a rapid and low-cost promising platform with broad application prospects for on-site detection of trace tyramine with smartphone-assisted signal readout.","['D014439', 'D000068997', 'D002244', 'D045663', 'D008461', 'D005456', 'D000082582', 'D057230', 'D013050', 'D018533', 'D005285']"
38954049,A spectrophotometric analysis of extracted water-soluble phenolic metabolites of lichens.,"Rainwater most probably constitutes a relatively effective solvent for lichen substances in nature which have the potential to provide for human and environmental needs in the future. The aims were (i) to test the hypothesis on the potential solubility of lichen phenolic compounds using rainwater under conditions that partly reflect the natural environment and (ii) to propose new and effective methods for the water extraction of lichen substances. The results of spectrophotometric analyses of total phenolic metabolites in rainwater-based extracts from epigeic and epiphytic lichens, employing the Folin-Ciocalteu (F.-C.) method, are presented. The water solvent was tested at three pH levels: natural, 3, and 9. Extraction methods were undertaken from two perspectives: the partial imitation of natural environmental conditions and the potential use of extraction for economic purposes. From an ecological perspective, room-temperature water extraction ('cold' method) was used for 10-, 60-, and 120-min extraction periods. A variant of water extraction at analogous time intervals was an 'insolation' with a 100W light bulb to simulate the heat energy of the sun. For economic purposes, the water extraction method used the Soxhlet apparatus and its modified version, the 'tea-extraction' method ('hot' ones). The results showed that those extractions without an external heat source were almost ineffective, but insolation over 60- and 120-min periods proved to be more effective. Both tested 'hot' methods also proved to be effective, especially the 'tea-extraction' one. Generally, an increase in the concentration of phenolic compounds in water extracts resulted from an increasing solvent pH. The results show the probable involvement of lichen substances in biogeochemical processes in nature and their promising use for a variety of human necessities.","['D008011', 'D010636', 'D014867', 'D013053', 'D012995', 'D012997', 'D006863', 'D011891']"
38954032,"LbCOPT1 is a copper transporter induced in Lycium barbarum mycorrhizal roots, which allows tobacco with improved growth and nutrient uptake.",Overexpressing the copper transporter LbCOPT1 leads to a notable increase in the abundance of mycorrhizal arbuscules that suggests the potential application of LbCOPT1 in breeding programs aimed at enhancing symbiotic nutrient uptake in Lycium barbarum L.,"['D032305', 'D038821', 'D010940', 'D014026', 'D003300', 'D018517', 'D018506', 'D030821', 'D013559', 'D000078622']"
38954029,Impact of wildfire on soil characteristics and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.,"This study explored whether wildfire alters the soil properties and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) community composition when compared with burnt rangeland, non-burnt rangeland and adjacent tilled in mesothermal ecosystems. The study was carried out in August 2020, 1 year later after wildfire. The results of this study showed that the wildfire played a key role in altering soil characteristics and AMF community composition in Bartin Province located in the Western Black Sea Region. Soil samples were made according to standard methods. AMF spores were isolated according to the wet sieving method, and the spores of AMF were identified according to their morphological characteristics. Analysis of variance was performed to determine the differences between the parameters, and correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationships between the parameters. The highest values of soil organic carbon (2.20%), total nitrogen (0.18%), K2O (74.68 kg/da), root colonization (87.5%) and the frequency of occurrence of Funneliformis geosporum (20%), Claroideoglomus claroideum (16%) and Claroideoglomus etunicatum (11%) were found in burnt rangeland. Sporulation of Acaulospora dilatata, Acaulospora morrowiae, Acaulospora tuberculata, Scutellospora castanea, Scutellospora coralloidea, Scutellospora scutata, Glomus coremioides and Glomus multicaule was either decreased or completely inhibited in the burnt rangeland. While species diversity of AMF (12) decreased, the number of AMF spores (325.6 (number/50 gr soil)) increased in burnt areas. In conclusion, the number of spores and root colonization of AMF increased but species diversity of AMF reduced after the wildfire. In ecosystems with high fire risk where AMF transfer is planned, it is suggested that it would be more appropriate to select species with an increase in spore number after fire.","['D038821', 'D012988', 'D012987', 'D000075923', 'D004784', 'D009584', 'D017753', 'D002244']"
38954016,Embedding of Markov matrices for d ⩽ 4.,"The embedding problem of Markov matrices in Markov semigroups is a classic problem that regained a lot of impetus and activities through recent needs in phylogeny and population genetics. Here, we give an account for dimensions d ⩽ 4  , including a complete and simplified treatment of the case d = 3  , and derive the results in a systematic fashion, with an eye on the potential applications. Further, we reconsider the setup of the corresponding problem for time-inhomogeneous Markov chains, which is needed for real-world applications because transition rates need not be constant over time. Additional cases of this more general embedding occur for any d ⩾ 3  . We review the known case of d = 3  and describe the setting for future work on d = 4  .","['D008390', 'D010802', 'D055641', 'D005828', 'D008957', 'D006801']"
38954015,"Crenobacter oryzisoli sp. nov., a novel phosphate-solubilizing bacterium isolated from the paddy soil.","Two Gram-staining-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped and phosphate-solubilizing strains designated SG2303T and SG2305, were isolated from paddy soil in China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16 S rRNA gene sequences indicated that SG2303T and SG2305 represented a member of the genus Crenobacter within the family Neisseriaceae of the phylum Pseudomonadota. Strain SG2303T displayed higher 16 S rRNA gene sequence similarities with members of the genus Crenobacter ranging from 93.5 to 94.0%. Strains C. luteus YIM 78141T and C. cavernae K1W11S-77T were closest related to the isolated strains and were considered as type strains. Growth of strain SG2303T occurred at 10-55 °C (optimum 37 °C), pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0) and 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%). The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain SG2303T and its closely related taxa were 76.1-78.2% and 20.5-22.1%, respectively. The genomic DNA G + C content was 62.2%. The quinone of strain SG2303T was Q-8. The major fatty acids (> 10%) of strain SG2303T were C16:0 (30.6%), summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) (26.0%) and C12:0 3OH (12.1%). The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol (PG), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phospholipids (PL), glycolipid (GL) and unidentified lipids (UL). Based on the results of the phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical, and morphological analysis, strain SG2303T is recognized as a novel species of the genus Crenobacter, for which the name Crenobacter oryzisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SG2303T (= GDMCC 1.3970T = JCM 36468T). In addition, SG2303T was also able of phosphorus solubilization and promoting the growth of rice seeds. Strain SG2303T exhibited a relatively high dissolvable phosphorus content of 2.52 µg·mL- 1.","['D012988', 'D010802', 'D012336', 'D004269', 'D001482', 'D005227', 'D002681', 'D010710', 'D009693', 'D015373', 'D010743', 'D017422', 'D012275']"
38953809,"Air Quality and Public Health Risk Assessment: A Case of an Industrial Area in Haridwar City, Uttarakhand (India).",Air pollution is a significant issue for a developing country like India and the air quality index (AQI) forecasting helps to predict air quality levels in advance and allows individuals to take precautionary measures to protect their health.,"['D007194', 'D006801', 'D000397', 'D018570', 'D011634', 'D000086382', 'D005544', 'D012621', 'D000393', 'D007221', 'D000086402', 'D002947']"
38953769,Giants' cooperation: a draft genome of the giant ciliate Muniziella cunhai suggests its ecological role in the capybara's digestive metabolism.,"Several hundred ciliate species live in animals' guts as a part of their microbiome. Among them, Muniziella cunhai (Trichostomatia, Pycnotrichidae), the largest described ciliate, is found exclusively associated with Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (capybara), the largest known rodent reaching up to 90 kg. Here, we present the sequence, structural and functional annotation of this giant microeukaryote macronuclear genome and discuss its phylogenetic placement. The 85 Mb genome is highly AT rich (GC content 25.71 %) and encodes a total of 11 397 protein-coding genes, of which 2793 could have their functions predicted with automated functional assignments. Functional annotation showed that M. cunhai can digest recalcitrant structural carbohydrates, non-structural carbohydrates, and microbial cell walls, suggesting a role in diet metabolization and in microbial population control in the capybara's intestine. Moreover, the phylogenetic placement of M. cunhai provides insights on the origins of gigantism in the subclass Trichostomatia.","['D010802', 'D000818', 'D016798', 'D012377', 'D018503', 'D001482', 'D058977']"
38953413,Characterization of CRESS-DNA viruses in human vaginal secretions: An exploratory metagenomic investigation.,"The Phylum Cressdnaviricota consists of a large number of circular Rep-encoding single-stranded (CRESS)-DNA viruses. Recently, metagenomic analyzes revealed their ubiquitous distribution in a diverse range of eukaryotes. Data relating to CRESS-DNA viruses in humans remains scarce. Our study investigated the presence and genetic diversity of CRESS-DNA viruses in human vaginal secretions. Vaginal swabs were collected from 28 women between 29 and 43 years old attending a fertility clinic in New York City. An exploratory metagenomic analysis was performed and detection of CRESS-DNA viruses was confirmed through analysis of near full-length sequences of the viral isolates. A phylogenetic tree was based on the REP open reading frame sequences of the CRESS-DNA virus genome. Eleven nearly complete CRESS-DNA viral genomes were identified in 16 (57.1%) women. There were no associations between the presence of these viruses and any demographic or clinical parameters. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that one of the sequences belonged to the genus Gemycircularvirus within the Genomoviridae family, while ten sequences represented previously unclassified species of CRESS-DNA viruses. Novel species of CRESS-DNA viruses are present in the vaginal tract of adult women. Although they be transient commensal agents, the potential clinical implications for their presence at this site cannot be dismissed.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D010802', 'D056186', 'D014621', 'D016679', 'D004267', 'D004279', 'D009519', 'D017422', 'D014644']"
38953367,Assessment of Myocardial Viability in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy With Reduced Left Ventricular Function Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.,"We aim to provide a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge of myocardial viability assessment in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), with a focus on the clinical markers of viability for each imaging modality. We also compare mortality between patients with viable myocardium and those without viability who undergo CABG.","['D006801', 'D001026', 'D017202', 'D016277', 'D014022', 'D009206', 'D009202', 'D018487', 'D003324', 'D019028', 'D025401', 'D015899']"
38953300,Association between gut microbiota and malignant cardiac tumors: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.,"Recent studies provide compelling evidence linking the gut microbiota to most cancers. Nevertheless, further research is required to establish a definitive causal relationship between the gut microbiota and malignant cardiac tumors.","['D006801', 'D057182', 'D000069196', 'D055106', 'D020022', 'D020641', 'D006338', 'D012307']"
38956139,Automated eyeball volume measurement based on CT images using neural network-based segmentation and simple estimation.,"With the increase in the dependency on digital devices, the incidence of myopia, a precursor of various ocular diseases, has risen significantly. Because myopia and eyeball volume are related, myopia progression can be monitored through eyeball volume estimation. However, existing methods are limited because the eyeball shape is disregarded during estimation. We propose an automated eyeball volume estimation method from computed tomography images that incorporates prior knowledge of the actual eyeball shape. This study involves data preprocessing, image segmentation, and volume estimation steps, which include the truncated cone formula and integral equation. We obtained eyeball image masks using U-Net, HFCN, DeepLab v3 +, SegNet, and HardNet-MSEG. Data from 200 subjects were used for volume estimation, and manually extracted eyeball volumes were used for validation. U-Net outperformed among the segmentation models, and the proposed volume estimation method outperformed comparative methods on all evaluation metrics, with a correlation coefficient of 0.819, mean absolute error of 0.640, and mean squared error of 0.554. The proposed method surpasses existing methods, provides an accurate eyeball volume estimation for monitoring the progression of myopia, and could potentially aid in the diagnosis of ocular diseases. It could be extended to volume estimation of other ocular structures.","['D006801', 'D014057', 'D016571', 'D005123', 'D009216', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D007091', 'D008875', 'D055815']"
38956135,Results of neck-specific exercise for altered postural sway in individuals with chronic whiplash-associated disorders: a longitudinal case-control study.,"Postural sway has not been investigated before or after a neck exercise intervention in individuals with chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WAD). The aim of the study was to investigate postural sway in individuals with chronic WAD grades 2 and 3: (a) compared with healthy matched controls at baseline; (b) after three months of neck-specific exercise and (c) to investigate the correlation between postural sway with self-reported dizziness during motion and balance problems/unsteadiness. This is a longitudinal prospective experimental case-control intervention study. Individuals with WAD (n = 30) and age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers (n = 30) participated. Postural sway was assessed using an iPhone application. Measurements were carried out at baseline, and for those with WAD a second measurement was performed at the three-month follow-up when neck-specific exercise intervention ended. The WAD group performed significantly worse than the healthy group in both pathway and ellipse area double stance eyes closed at baseline (main outcome), but not at the three-month follow-up. The WAD group significantly improved after rehabilitation in both pathway double stance eyes closed and pathway single stance eyes open. The correlation between postural sway and self-rated dizziness during motion and balance problems was low to moderate. One may conclude that postural sway was improved after a neck-specific exercise programme. The study results strengthen earlier findings that individuals with WAD have worse balance outcome when they have to rely on neck proprioception (eyes closed). The study results may be important for the development of improved rehabilitation methods for WAD.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D014911', 'D004856', 'D000328', 'D016022', 'D008137', 'D005081', 'D008875', 'D011446', 'D004244', 'D009333', 'D002908']"
38955764,[A case of eyelid fistula after cosmetic lateral canthoplasty].,"A 35-year-old female presented with a chief complaint of exudates from the outer corner of the left eye for more than half a year after cosmetic lateral canthoplasty. A fistula was seen in the skin of the left eye 5 mm from the lateral canthus, with clear fluid inside it. Left eyelid fistula was diagnosed and surgically removed. The histopathological examination confirmed that the tissue connected with the fistula was lacrimal gland tissue. No recurrence was found during the 2-month follow-up.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D005143', 'D005141', 'D007765', 'D019882', 'D005402', 'D011183']"
38956172,Ventrointermediate thalamic stimulation improves motor learning in humans.,"Ventrointermediate thalamic stimulation (VIM-DBS) modulates oscillatory activity in a cortical network including primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, and parietal cortex. Here we show that, beyond the beneficial effects of VIM-DBS on motor execution, this form of invasive stimulation facilitates production of sequential finger movements that follow a repeated sequence. These results highlight the role of thalamo-cortical activity in motor learning.","['D006801', 'D046690', 'D007858', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D009044', 'D005260', 'D013788', 'D055815', 'D005385']"
38954551,A familiar face and person processing area in the human temporal pole.,"How does the brain process the faces of familiar people? Neuropsychological studies have argued for an area of the temporal pole (TP) linking faces with person identities, but magnetic susceptibility artifacts in this region have hampered its study with fMRI. Using data acquisition and analysis methods optimized to overcome this artifact, we identify a familiar face response in TP, reliably observed in individual brains. This area responds strongly to visual images of familiar faces over unfamiliar faces, objects, and scenes. However, TP did not just respond to images of faces, but also to a variety of high-level social cognitive tasks, including semantic, episodic, and theory of mind tasks. The response profile of TP contrasted with a nearby region of the perirhinal cortex that responded specifically to faces, but not to social cognition tasks. TP was functionally connected with a distributed network in the association cortex associated with social cognition, while PR was functionally connected with face-preferring areas of the ventral visual cortex. This work identifies a missing link in the human face processing system that specifically processes familiar faces, and is well placed to integrate visual information about faces with higher-order conceptual information about other people. The results suggest that separate streams for person and face processing reach anterior temporal areas positioned at the top of the cortical hierarchy.","['D006801', 'D008279', 'D013702', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D000066499', 'D001931', 'D021641', 'D005145', 'D055815', 'D010364']"
38954126,Craniofacial morphological variability in orthodontic patients with non-syndromic orofacial clefts: an approach using geometric morphometrics.,Orofacial clefts are complex congenital anomalies that call for comprehensive treatment based on a thorough assessment of the anatomy. This study aims to examine the effect of cleft type on craniofacial morphology using geometric morphometrics.,"['D006801', 'D002972', 'D002971', 'D008297', 'D002508', 'D005260', 'D000293', 'D059925', 'D002648', 'D025341']"
38954051,"Chasing the objective upper eyelid symmetry formula; R2, RMSE, POC, MAE, and MSE.",Investigate the most appropriate mathematical formula to objectively express upper eyelid contour symmetry.,"['D006801', 'D005143', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D000465', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D019882']"
38952989,"Effects of weight-bearing dance aerobics on lower limb muscle morphology, strength and functional fitness in older women.","To investigate the effects of 12-week weight-bearing dance aerobics (WBDA) on muscle morphology, strength and functional fitness in older women.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D053580', 'D000368', 'D003615', 'D016474', 'D010809', 'D035002', 'D008875', 'D018482', 'D015444', 'D052097']"
38952486,Anti-Infection of Oral Microorganisms from Herbal Medicine of Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.,"The WHO Global Status Report on Oral Health 2022 reveals that oral diseases caused by infection with oral pathogenic microorganisms affect nearly 3.5 billion people worldwide. Oral health problems are caused by the presence of S. mutans, S. sanguinis, E. faecalis and C. albicans in the oral cavity. Synthetic anti-infective drugs have been widely used to treat oral infections, but have been reported to cause side effects and resistance. Various strategies have been implemented to overcome this problem. Synthetic anti-infective drugs have been widely used to treat oral infections, but they have been reported to cause side effects and resistance. Therefore, it is important to look for safe anti-infective alternatives. Ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological studies suggest that Red Betel leaf (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) could be a potential source of oral anti-infectives. This review aims to discuss the pathogenesis mechanism of several microorganisms that play an important role in causing health problems, the mechanism of action of synthetic oral anti-infective drugs in inhibiting microbial growth in the oral cavity, and the potential of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) as an herbal oral anti-infective drug. This study emphasises the importance of researching natural components as an alternative treatment for oral infections that is more effective and can meet global needs.","['D006801', 'D031701', 'D009059', 'D000890', 'D010936', 'D018515', 'D009055']"
38952176,Correlation of rheology and oral tribology with sensory perception of commercial hazelnut and cocoa-based spreads.,"This study examined the effects of spread formulation and the structural/lubricant properties of six different commercial hazelnut and cocoa spreads on sensory perception. Rheology, tribology, and quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) was assessed by also evaluating the correlation coefficients between the quality descriptor and the rheological and textural parameters. The viscosity was evaluated at different temperatures to better simulate conditions before and after ingestion. Tribological analysis was executed at 37°C to mimic the human oral cavity. The effect of saliva presence and the number of runs on tribological behaviors was investigated. Moreover, textural, calorimetric, and particle size distribution measurements were performed to reinforce the correlation between structural/thermal parameters (e.g., firmness, stickiness, sugar melting point) and sensory aspects. ""Visual viscosity,"" defined as a sensory attribute evaluated prior to consumption, negatively correlated with apparent viscosity measured at 20°C and 10 s-1, whereas ""body,"" defined during oral processing and related to creaminess, positively correlated with apparent viscosity measured at 37°C and 50 s-1. These attributes were mainly influenced by particulate microstructure and solid volume fraction within the formulation. Textural stickiness positively correlated with sensory ""adhesiveness"" and was related to fat composition and milk powder addition, while ""sweetness"" was related to sucrose content and sugar melting enthalpy. Tribological data provided meaningful information related to particle-derived attributes, as well as after-coating perception (fattiness/oiliness), thus better predicting food evolution during oral consumption.","['D012212', 'D006801', 'D014783', 'D031211', 'D002099', 'D013649', 'D009055', 'D010316', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D012463', 'D055815']"
38952148,Oral size perception and texture preferences for particle-containing foods in children aged 5-12.,"Foods containing bits and pieces are often less liked by children; however, there is a limited understanding of how perceptions and preferences for foods with particles change during childhood. This study aimed to investigate preferences and perceptions of particle-containing foods in children aged 5-12 years. Children (n = 485) completed a forced-choice questionnaire on drawings of six pairs of foods, each available with or without particles. Additionally, children tasted yogurts added with muesli differing in particle size (median diameter: 3.9 or 7.5 mm) and evaluated their perception of particle size in mouth and their liking. The questionnaire results showed that children had a clear preference for foods without particles. The average probability of choosing the 'with-particle' foods was 28%, significantly below the midpoint of 50% (p < .0001). Preferences for particle-containing foods were lowest at age six and increased significantly with age (p = .0007). In the taste test, muesli particle size affected oral size perception (p < .0001) but not liking (p = .60). Older children were better able to differentiate particle size than younger children. However, there was no relationship between individual preferences for particle-containing foods and oral size perception of muesli particles. The observation that children's texture preferences changed with age highlights the role of increased experience in shaping preferences for foods with particles.","['D006801', 'D002648', 'D005518', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D002675', 'D010316', 'D013649', 'D011795', 'D012858', 'D009055', 'D002755', 'D015014', 'D005502', 'D055697']"
38952002,"Physical Factors Associated with Non-Specific Neck Pain: Correlations Among Pain, Disability, Posture, Endurance, and Compensatory Movement.","BACKGROUND This study was conducted to investigate physical risk factors in patients with non-specific neck pain. The correlations among pain intensity, pressure pain threshold, range of motion (ROM), and disability index were analyzed in 50 patients with non-specific neck pain at a hospital in Korea. MATERIAL AND METHODS We enrolled 50 patients diagnosed with non-specific neck pain by a doctor. All subjects were evaluated for pain intensity, pressure threshold, degree of disability, active range of motion (ROM) of the neck, upper cervical rotation ROM, muscular endurance of deep cervical flexor, compensatory movements for neck flexion, forward head posture, shoulder height difference, and rounded shoulder posture. The correlation between each variable was analyzed. RESULTS Pain intensity had a significant correlation between cervical rotation ROM, cervical flexion-rotation ROM, rounded shoulder posture, shoulder height difference, and forward head posture (P<.05). There was a significant correlation between the pressure pain threshold and the cervical extension ROM, cervical flexion-rotation ROM, and rounded shoulder height (P<.05). The disability index had a significant correlation between the cervical rotation ROM, cervical flexion-rotation ROM, rounded shoulder posture, and the compensatory movement of neck flexion (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS Physical risk factors for non-specific neck pain included cervical rotation ROM, upper cervical rotation ROM, rounded shoulder posture, shoulder height difference, and cervical flexion compensatory movements, which can affect pain intensity and pressure pain threshold.","['D006801', 'D019547', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D016059', 'D011187', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D009068', 'D010147', 'D004185', 'D009333', 'D017288', 'D012307', 'D012782', 'D056910', 'D010807', 'D006233', 'D012399']"
38951891,CFI: a VR motor rehabilitation serious game design framework integrating rehabilitation function and game design principles with an upper limb case.,"Virtual reality (VR) Rehabilitation holds the potential to address the challenge that patients feel bored and give up long-term rehabilitation training. Despite the introduction of gaming elements by some researchers in rehabilitation training to enhance engagement, there remains a notable lack of in-depth research on VR rehabilitation serious game design methods, particularly the absence of a concrete design framework for VR rehabilitation serious games. Hence, we introduce the Clinical-Function-Interesting (CFI): a VR rehabilitation serious game design framework, harmonizing rehabilitation function and game design theories. The framework initiates with clinic information, defining game functions through the functional decomposition of rehabilitation training. Subsequently, it integrates gaming elements identified through the analysis and comparison of related literature to provide enduring support for long-term training. Furthermore, VR side-effect and enhancement are considered. Building upon this design framework, we have developed an upper limb VR rehabilitation serious game tailored for mild to moderate stroke patients and aligned our framework with another developed VR rehabilitation serious game to validate its practical feasibility. Overall, the proposed design framework offers a systematic VR rehabilitation serious game design methodology for the VR rehabilitation field, assisting developers in more accurately designing VR rehabilitation serious games that are tailored to specific rehabilitation goals.","['D006801', 'D000071939', 'D018910', 'D034941', 'D000076142']"
38951871,An exploratory study of structural and microvascular changes in the skin following electrical shaving using optical coherence topography.,"Consumer products such as electrical shavers exert a combination of dynamic loading in the form of pressure and shear on the skin. This mechanical stimulus can lead to discomfort and skin tissue responses characterised as ""Skin Sensitivity"". To minimise discomfort following shaving, there is a need to establish specific stimulus-response relationships using advanced tools such as optical coherence tomography (OCT).","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D041623', 'D000328', 'D012867', 'D005542', 'D055815', 'D055806', 'D002610', 'D014870', 'D064368', 'D012879', 'D004558', 'D009333', 'D008833']"
38951565,Consistency analysis of two fingertip capillary blood sampling methods for complete blood count.,"This study was performed to analyze fingertip capillary blood sampling in pediatric patients using microcapillary blood collection tubes and microhematocrit tubes and to compare the blood cell analysis results obtained via these two blood collection methods. Finger capillary blood was collected from 110 outpatients using microcapillary blood collection tubes and microhematocrit tubes and complete blood count analysis was performed with a Sysmex XS-900i hematology analyzer and manual microscopy for blood cell morphology. Paired data was evaluated for agreement and bias using the microhematocrit samples as the reference group and the samples from the microcapillary blood collection tubes as the observation group. The two blood collection methods demonstrated good agreement for measuring red blood cell (RBC) parameters (i.e., RBC, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH and MCHC), wherein the relative bias was > allowable total error (TEa) in 0.91%, 1.82%, 11.82%, 1.82%, 0.91% and 8.18% of the parameter measures, respectively. According to industry requirements, the proportion of samples meeting the acceptable bias level should be > 80%. Additionally, the estimated biases at each medical decision level were within clinically acceptable levels for RBC, Hb, Hct, and MCV. However, the proportion of WBC and PLT counts with relative bias > TEa was 25.45% and 35.45%, respectively. Furthermore, the relative bias of the WBC count at the medical decision level of 0.5 × 109/L and that of the PLT counts at the medical decision levels of 10 × 109/L and 50 × 109/L were clinically significant. Bland-Altman analysis further showed a mean bias of 0.66 × 109/L (95% LoA, - 0.79 to 2.11) for the WBC count and 39 × 109/L (95% LoA, - 46 to 124) for the PLT count from the blood samples collected in the microcapillary blood collection tubes compared with the counts of those collected in the microhematocrit tubes. Neutrophil, monocyte, lymphocyte, eosinophil, and PLT counts increased significantly in the microcapillary blood collection tubes compared with those in the microhematocrit tubes, along with an elevated number of instrument false alarms (P < 0.05). The two capillary blood collection devices exhibit performance differences. Therefore, clinicians should pay attention to the variation in results caused by different blood collection methods.","['D006801', 'D001800', 'D005260', 'D002648', 'D008297', 'D001772', 'D002675', 'D005385', 'D007223', 'D000293', 'D002196', 'D007958']"
38951387,Postoperative outcomes of minimally invasive versus conventional nipple-sparing mastectomy with prosthesis breast reconstruction in breast cancer: a meta-analysis.,"Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor worldwide, and mastectomy remains the primary strategy for treating early stage breast cancer. However, the complication rates, surgical variables, and oncologic safety of minimally invasive nipple-sparing mastectomy (MINSM) have not been fully addressed. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs that compared MINSM with conventional nipple-sparing mastectomy (CNSM), both followed by Prosthesis Breast Reconstruction (PBR). The main outcomes observed included overall complications, (Grade III) complications, skin and nipple necrosis, wound dehiscence, infection, seroma, hematoma, implant loss, and oncologic safety (positive margins and recurrence). Secondary outcomes included operation time, blood loss, hospital stay, cost-effectiveness, and patient satisfaction. Binary and continuous variables were compared using odds ratios (OR) and mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of 10 studies involving 2,166 patients were included. There were no statistically significant differences between MINSM and CNSM in terms of skin necrosis, wound dehiscence, infection, seroma, hematoma, implant loss, or oncologic safety. However, MINSM significantly reduced overall complications (OR = 0. 74, 95% CI [0. 58, 0. 94], p = 0. 01) and (Grade III) complications (OR = 0. 47, 95% CI [0. 31, 0. 71], p = 0. 0003). Nipple necrosis events were also significantly reduced in the MINSM group (OR = 0. 49, 95% CI [0. 30, 0. 80], p = 0. 005). Patient satisfaction improved notably in the MINSM group. Additionally, compared with the CNSM group, the MINSM group had longer operating times (MD = 46. 88, 95% CI [19. 55, 74. 21], p = 0. 0008) and hospital stays (MD = 1. 39, 95% CI [0. 65, 2. 12], p < 0. 001), while intraoperative blood loss was significantly reduced (MD = -29. 05, 95% CI [-36. 20, -21. 90], p < 0. 001). Compared with CNSM, MINSM offers advantages in reducing complications and intraoperative blood loss, as well as improving aesthetic outcomes and patient satisfaction. Therefore, MINSM may become a viable option for breast surgery. Nevertheless, a long-term evaluation of the oncologic safety of this approach is necessary to ensure its efficacy and safety for patients.","['D005260', 'D006801', 'D018427', 'D001943', 'D007902', 'D016462', 'D008408', 'D019060', 'D009558', 'D061646', 'D059351', 'D017060', 'D011183', 'D016896']"
38951372,Step ladder VY advancement flap for lower eyelid reconstruction after resection eyelid malignant tumors.,"In oculoplastic surgery, reconstruction of a large defect after the removal of a massive malignant lower lid tumor still represents a unique challenge. We will report on this case, including a presentation of the case using step ladder V-Y advancement flap.","['D006801', 'D005142', 'D013524', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D019882', 'D005260', 'D005143', 'D008875', 'D019651', 'D000369', 'D002280']"
38950995,Comprehensive Observational and Longitudinal study on the Outbreak of Stroke-related Spasticity focusing on the Early Onset management with Botulinum NeuroToxin (COLOSSEO-BoNT): protocol for a real-world prospective observational study on upper limb spasticity.,"Poststroke spasticity (PSS) affects up to 40% of patients who had a stroke. Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) has been shown to improve spasticity, but the optimal timing of its application remains unclear. While several predictors of upper limb PSS are known, their utility in clinical practice in relation to BoNT-A treatment has yet to be fully elucidated. The COLOSSEO-BoNT study aims to investigate predictors of PSS and the effects of BoNT-A timing on spasticity-related metrics in a real-world setting.","['D006801', 'D009128', 'D019274', 'D011446', 'D009465', 'D034941', 'D008137', 'D020521', 'D000071939', 'D064887', 'D005260', 'D008297']"
38949638,High burden of viruses and bacterial pathobionts drives heightened nasal innate immunity in children.,"Studies during the COVID-19 pandemic showed that children had heightened nasal innate immune responses compared with adults. To evaluate the role of nasal viruses and bacteria in driving these responses, we performed cytokine profiling and comprehensive, symptom-agnostic testing for respiratory viruses and bacterial pathobionts in nasopharyngeal samples from children tested for SARS-CoV-2 in 2021-22 (n = 467). Respiratory viruses and/or pathobionts were highly prevalent (82% of symptomatic and 30% asymptomatic children; 90 and 49% for children <5 years). Virus detection and load correlated with the nasal interferon response biomarker CXCL10, and the previously reported discrepancy between SARS-CoV-2 viral load and nasal interferon response was explained by viral coinfections. Bacterial pathobionts correlated with a distinct proinflammatory response with elevated IL-1β and TNF but not CXCL10. Furthermore, paired samples from healthy 1-year-olds collected 1-2 wk apart revealed frequent respiratory virus acquisition or clearance, with mucosal immunophenotype changing in parallel. These findings reveal that frequent, dynamic host-pathogen interactions drive nasal innate immune activation in children.","['D006801', 'D007113', 'D002675', 'D007223', 'D000086382', 'D002648', 'D000086402', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D009305', 'D019562', 'D009297', 'D016207', 'D054884', 'D000293', 'D009666', 'D060085']"
38949223,Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Cryoneurolysis of the Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerves for the Management of Prolonged Acute Post-Surgical Forearm Pain: A Report of Two Cases.,"Prolonged acute postsurgical pain (PAPSP) contributes to the development of chronic postsurgical pain, impaired rehabilitation, longer hospital stays, and decreased quality of life. For upper extremity analgesia, the duration of postoperative pain management with continuous brachial plexus peripheral nerve blocks is limited due to the risk of infection. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous cryoneurolysis provides extended analgesia and avoids the risks and inconveniences of indwelling catheters. We present 2 cases of PAPSP of the forearm effectively managed by the use of ultrasound-guided percutaneous cryoneurolysis to treat the medial, lateral, and posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerves.","['D006801', 'D005542', 'D010149', 'D018084', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D059408', 'D003452', 'D000328', 'D000368']"
38949058,Neuroendoscopic cysto-cisternostomy for middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts: a systematic review of the practice principles from 169 cases.,"Arachnoid cysts are primarily dysembryogenetic splitting or duplication of the embryonic meningeal mesenchyme, hence the paediatric preponderance. Neuroendoscopic cysto-cisternostomy is now the favoured treatment option. We pooled data on middle fossa arachnoid cysts (MCFAC) demographics, clinical presentations, cyst characteristics, neuro-endoscopic cysto-cisternostomy and its outcomes.","['D006801', 'D016080', 'D044583', 'D035301', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002648', 'D016896']"
38948995,Congenital eyelid imbrication syndrome: A rare occurrence in Pakistan.,"Congenital eyelid imbrication syndrome (CEIS) is a rare condition presenting at birth and is characterised by overriding of the upper lid on the lower lid. It is due to longer upper lid, than the lower lid. Overriding leads to spontaneous eversion of the upper lids. In our patient, examination revealed canthal tendon laxity and hyperaemia of the tarsal conjunctiva. All the rest of the structures in the eyeball and adnexa were normal. Spontaneous eversion occurred in two weeks as the upper lid grew with time. No treatment was required.","['D006801', 'D010154', 'D005143', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D005141', 'D007231']"
38948980,Outcomes of dorsal nasal augmentation using costochondral graft.,To assess functional and aesthetic outcomes in patients having undergone dorsal nasal augmentation with costochondral graft in a tertiary care setting.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D012225', 'D012189', 'D017060', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D011183', 'D004954', 'D011788', 'D009666', 'D016896', 'D066186', 'D017439', 'D010149']"
38948976,Endoscopic pilonidal sinus treatment (EPSiT) for sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease: A prospective long-term study.,To assess short-term and long-term outcomes of endoscopic pilonidal sinus treatment for pilonidal sinus disease.,"['D006801', 'D010864', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D004724', 'D011446', 'D017060', 'D012008', 'D055815', 'D061646', 'D014945', 'D012445', 'D016896', 'D000293', 'D010154', 'D011183', 'D062707']"
38948226,The mechanism of static postural control in the impact of lower limb muscle strength asymmetry on gait performance in the elderly.,"Abnormal gait is prevalent among the elderly population, leading to reduced physical activity, increased risk of falls, and the potential development of dementia and disabilities, thus degrading the quality of life in later years. Numerous studies have highlighted the crucial roles of lower limb muscle strength asymmetry and static postural control in gait, and the reciprocal influence of lower limb muscle strength asymmetry on static postural control. However, research exploring the interrelationship between lower limb muscle strength asymmetry, static postural control, and gait performance has been limited.","['D006801', 'D000368', 'D053580', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D004856', 'D035002', 'D005684', 'D008875']"
38948217,Shoulder muscle weakness and proprioceptive impairments in type 2 diabetes mellitus: exploring correlations for improved clinical management.,"Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder with systemic implications, potentially affecting musculoskeletal health. This study aimed to assess shoulder muscle strength and joint repositioning accuracy in individuals with T2DM, exploring potential correlations and shedding light on the musculoskeletal consequences of the condition. The objectives were two-fold: (1) to assess and compare shoulder strength and joint repositioning accuracy between individuals with T2DM and asymptomatic counterparts, and (2) to examine the correlation between shoulder strength and joint repositioning accuracy in individuals with T2DM.","['D006801', 'D003924', 'D008297', 'D003430', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D018908', 'D053580', 'D012782', 'D011434', 'D012785', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D016059']"
38948013,Individualized Physiotherapy of Upper Body Functional Movement Disorder - Two Illustrative Cases.,Information on specialist physiotherapeutic treatment for functional movement disorders is scarce. Previous studies focussed on functional gait disorders and availability of descriptions of the practical application especially for other body regions is very limited.,"['D006801', 'D026741', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D009069', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D034941']"
38946744,Syringomatous tumor of the nipple: a case report.,"Syringomatous tumor of the nipple is a benign, locally infiltrative tumor. There are reports in the literature of tumor recurrence in cases of incomplete excision. Clinical and mammographic findings in syringomatous tumors are like those of breast carcinoma and the pathologist has a fundamental role in final tumor diagnosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to report a case of syringoma located in the areolar region. A 33-year-old woman reported that she had noticed a nodule in her left areolar region 4 years previously (February 2019). A breast ultrasound was performed, detecting intraparenchymatous breast cysts. Surgical resection of the nodule was indicated although it was not performed. Two years later, in August 2021, the patient underwent a mastopexy with prosthesis inclusion. Histopathology study of the surgical specimen revealed a syringomatous tumor with positive margins. Thirteen (13) months after diagnosis (September 3, 2021 - October 16, 2022), the patient is doing well and receives clinical follow-up.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D001943', 'D009558', 'D018252', 'D016217', 'D013544', 'D005500', 'D016462']"
38946511,An observational analysis to evaluate the influence of occlusion on body posture and plantar pressure - An in vivo study.,The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of occlusion on body posture and plantar arch pressure.,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D011187', 'D000328', 'D011312', 'D055815', 'D005528', 'D003766']"
38946378,Reconstruction techniques for upper extremity crush injuries with massive tissue loss and open fractures: a prospective study.,"Crush injuries and open fractures are often accompanied by extensive tissue loss, rendering clinical and surgical management quite challenging, particularly in the upper extremities. The primary goal in these cases is to obtain a functional and cosmetically acceptable limb. However, the management of complex crush injuries (involving extensive tissue loss and open fractures) is associated with a variety of complications, ranging from infection to amputation. In this study, we aimed to analyze the clinical outcomes of reconstruction for managing complex upper extremity crush injuries.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D005597', 'D011446', 'D000071576', 'D034941', 'D008875', 'D019651', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D013524', 'D003646']"
38946333,Validation of a novel professional automated auscultatory upper-arm cuff blood pressure monitor in a general population according to the AAMI/ESH/ISO Universal Standard: KOROT V2 Doctor (InBody BPBIO280KV).,"A novel automated auscultatory upper arm cuff blood pressure (BP) monitor KOROT V2 Doctor (InBody BPBIO280KV) was developed for professional use. An electronic stethoscope embedded in the device cuff records the Korotkoff sounds, which are graphically displayed during deflation allowing visual evaluation by the healthcare professional. The device provides automated measurements of BP and this study evaluated its accuracy.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D001795', 'D015924', 'D001314', 'D001132', 'D001794']"
38944720,Paraumbilical Perforator Flap: A Reliable Option for Coverage of Soft Tissue Defects of Forearm and Hand.,"Soft tissue injuries of the hand or forearm often results in exposure of tendon or bone which needs coverage with a suitable flap. This prospective observational study was carried out in National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Rehabilitation (NITOR), Dhaka, Bangladesh from February 2019 to January 2020, to evaluate the use of the pedicled paraumbilical perforator flaps as a reliable flap to cover such defects. Total 34 patients having soft tissue defects in the hand and forearm with exposed tendons, bones or implant were included in this study. All the defects were covered by paraumbilical perforator flap. The defects were caused by road traffic accident (n=22), machinery injury (n=10) and burn injury (n=2). Sixteen patients had defects involving the forearm, six over dorsum of hand, another two over first web space and the rest had defects over two or more areas of forearm, hand and wrist. Lateral extent of flaps was upto anterior axillary line in 41.18% cases and upto mid-axillary line in 55.88% cases. Flap division and final inset was done in second stage after 3 weeks. Donor site closed primarily in all cases, except in two cases where it was covered by skin graft. All the flaps survived with no incidence of flap necrosis, dehiscence or infection after first stage. However, after the division of the flap, two patients developed marginal necrosis of the proximal margin which healed spontaneously by conservative treatment. The mean flap surface area utilized was 108 cm2. Donor area healed well without any major complications. Three patients developing scar hypertrophy were treated with intra-lesional triamcinolone injections. The paraumbilical perforator flap is a reliable option to cover soft tissue defects of hand and forearm due to easier planning and harvesting of the flap, adequate skin paddle and minimum donor site morbidity.","['D006801', 'D061525', 'D008297', 'D017695', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D011446', 'D006230', 'D008875', 'D005542', 'D000293', 'D005543', 'D055815', 'D019651', 'D002648']"
38944711,Correlation of Stature with Great Toe Length in 5-10 Years Aged Bangladeshi Children.,"The cross sectional, analytic and descriptive type study was conducted among 5-10 years aged Bangladeshi children at different areas of Mymensingh District (Fulbaria, Trisal, Haluaghat, Fulpur and Muktagacha), Bangladesh on 109 Bangladeshi children from January 2016 to December 2016. Nonrandom purposive sampling technique was taken for sample collection. Any kind of foot deformity resulting either from physical injury or congenital anomaly was excluded to construct standard data. The present anthropometric study was designed to construct data of 5 to 10 years aged Bangladeshi children regarding great toe length, to measure correlation of stature with great toe length and comparison of great toe length between male and female children. This study has been made out to grow interest among the researchers for future study of different country. Stature of the subject was measured with the stadiometer and great toe length was measured using slide caliper. The children were requested to stand with weight distributed equally on both feet. The legs were perpendicular to the feet. The mean great toe length of both sides of 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 years aged male were 2.90±0.51 cm, 3.00±0.38 cm, 3.18±0.42 cm, 3.41±0.26 cm, 3.34±0.32cm and 3.57±0.45 cm respectively and those of female were 2.93±0.70 cm, 2.70±0.43 cm, 3.05±0.37 cm, 3.02±0.25 cm, 3.42±0.55 cm and 3.62±0.44 cm respectively. Great toe length showed non-significant positive correlation with stature in 5 years old female, 7 years old male and female, 8 years old male, 9 and 10 years old male and female children. In 5 years old male, 6 years old male and female and 8 years old female children, great toe length showed non-significant negative correlation with stature. Comparison of great toe length between male and female children was done by Unpaired Students 't' test which was statistically non-significant.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002675', 'D001459', 'D003430', 'D014034', 'D002648', 'D001827', 'D000886']"
38944680,Surgical Reconstruction of Type IV Hypoplasia of the Thumb (Floating Thumb) in Infants: A Retrospective Analysis of Functional Outcomes and Radiographic Alignment.,"BACKGROUND Congenital hypoplasia of the thumb type IV, also known as floating thumb, is a condition in which 2 small phalanges are attached to the hand with a thin skin bridge. Surgical management options for this condition vary from amputation to flap reconstruction. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective study analyzed 11 infants with congenital hypoplasia of the thumb type IV who underwent surgical reconstruction using a modified vascularized polydactylous hallux flap. The study included 6 male and 5 female infants, aged 6 to 24 months. Functional evaluations and radiographic studies were conducted postoperatively. RESULTS All 11 patients underwent the complete surgical protocol. Successful vascular and nerve anastomoses were performed during the initial procedure, ensuring sufficient blood supply and neural connectivity to the transferred toes. The second operation showed promising outcomes, including improvements in thumb opposition, grasp strength, and overall function. Postoperative assessments demonstrated satisfactory radiographic alignment and no major complications during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS The modified vascularized polydactylous hallux flap reconstruction is a viable surgical option for managing congenital hypoplasia of the thumb type IV in infants. This technique effectively restores thumb opposition, grasp strength, and overall hand function, with satisfactory radiographic alignment and minimal complications. The study findings support the efficacy and safety of this surgical approach in addressing this rare congenital anomaly.","['D006801', 'D013933', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D007223', 'D013524', 'D019651', 'D016896', 'D002675', 'D011859', 'D018737', 'D006226', 'D006228']"
38944440,Congenital Chest Lesions and Interventions.,"Anomalies of the fetal chest require advanced imaging with ultrasound and MR imaging as well as expertise on the part of the interpreting pediatric radiologist. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia and congenital lung malformation are the most frequently seen, and in both conditions, the radiologist should provide both detailed anatomic description and measurement data for prognostication. This article provides a detailed approach to imaging the anatomy, in-depth explanation of available measurements and prognostic value, and keys to identifying candidates for fetal intervention. Less common congenital lung tumors and mediastinal and chest wall masses are also reviewed.","['D006801', 'D008279', 'D013909', 'D011296', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D013896', 'D008168']"
38944431,Fetal Head and Neck Imaging.,"Prenatal MRI plays an essential role in the evaluation of the head and neck. This article overviews technical considerations and both isolated and syndromic anomalies of the fetal calvarium, globes and orbits, ears, maxilla, mandible, and neck.","['D006801', 'D008279', 'D006257', 'D011247', 'D009333', 'D005260', 'D011296']"
38944425,Implementation of Oxygen Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (OE-MRI) and a Pilot Genomic Study of Hypoxia in Bladder Cancer Xenografts.,"Patients with hypoxic bladder cancer benefit from hypoxia modification added to radiotherapy, but no biomarkers exist to identify patients with hypoxic tumours. We, herein, aimed to implement oxygen-enhanced MRI (OE-MRI) in xenografts derived from muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) for future hypoxia biomarker discovery work; and generate gene expression data for future biomarker discovery.","['D001749', 'D000818', 'D006801', 'D051379', 'D008279', 'D005260', 'D010100', 'D010865', 'D008819', 'D023281', 'D000860', 'D000072258', 'D045744', 'D064593', 'D023041']"
38943502,Compression syndrome of distal peripheral aneurysms of the upper limb.,"True aneurysm of the radial artery is very rare. Aneurysmal expansion of arteries due to degenerative changes, possibly infections, primarily affects the abdominal and thoracic aorta, intra and extracranial sections of cerebral arteries, popliteal artery, and visceral arteries. Published literature does not address the aneurysm on the distal sections of the arteries of upper or lower limb. Unlike the classic symptoms of aneurysmally altered arteries such as rupture, thrombosis and embolization, we encounter more often vascular compression syndrome in distal peripheral aneurysms. We demonstrate the case management of a patient with over 20 years increasing wrist resistance. A fusiform aneurysm of the distal section of the radial artery was identified by sonography. Under general anesthesia, we performed aneurysm resection and artery reconstruction using an interpositum from the ipsilateral cephalic vein. The histological examination of the resected tissue confirmed the presence of all three layers of the vascular wall, confirming the true aneurysm of the radial artery. No complications developed in the patient in the postoperative period and all problems related to the aneurysm subsided (Fig. 4, Ref. 23). Keywords: aneurysm, arteria radialis, surgical reconstruction.","['D006801', 'D000783', 'D017534', 'D008297', 'D013577', 'D008875', 'D034941', 'D005260']"
38943405,Control strategies for trunk exoskeletons based on motion intent recognition: A review.,Wearable trunk exoskeletons hold immense potential in fields such as healthcare and industry. Previous research has indicated that intention recognition control plays a crucial role in users' daily use of exoskeletons.,"['D006801', 'D000067190', 'D060726', 'D033182', 'D009068', 'D000076251']"
38943365,Laparoscopically treated bowel obstruction secondary to a lesser omental hernia resulting from a previous laparoscopic total colectomy for ulcerative colitis: A report of two cases.,"Lesser omental hernias are rare; however, they should be considered in symptomatic bowel obstruction subsequent to a subtotal or total colectomy. This report describes two cases of recurrent bowel obstruction secondary to lesser omental hernias after laparoscopic total colectomies for ulcerative colitis. Initially, these patients had been treated conservatively; however, due to symptom recurrence, surgical intervention was decided on. In both cases, laparoscopic surgery revealed lesser omental hernias. The small bowel, which had entered from the dorsal aspect of the stomach, was returned to the original position, and the lesser omentum was closed. The patients were discharged uneventfully, with no recurrent bowel obstruction during the follow-up period. These cases highlight the importance of including internal hernias in the differential diagnosis relative to recurrent bowel obstruction, in patient subpopulations with a prior history of a subtotal or total colectomy. Confirmation by computed tomography is preferable.","['D006801', 'D003093', 'D010535', 'D003082', 'D007415', 'D009852', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D010532', 'D011183']"
38943295,"Impact of Piezo and other Osteotomy Models on Soft Tissue, Blood Oxidative Stress, and Proinflammatory Markers.","Rhinoplasty is a common surgical procedure used in nose esthetics and pathologies. Shaping the nasal bones is a crucial step in achieving successful rhinoplasty surgery. However, complications such as excessive bleeding, edema, mucosal damage, and periosteal damage may occur during osteotomy for nose shaping.","['D000818', 'D018384', 'D011817', 'D010027', 'D012225', 'D015415', 'D009569', 'D016207', 'D007249', 'D053583', 'D014409', 'D017392', 'D005978', 'D004487', 'D016753', 'D059745', 'D009666']"
38943291,Genioplasty - A Review.,"Genioplasty, a key technique for dentofacial abnormalities, is essential for establishing facial harmony. This surgical procedure entails an osteotomy of the chin, which alters its three-dimensional location to restore overall face equilibrium. Modern genioplasty, which is frequently performed alone or in combination with rhinoplasty, facelifts, and orthognathic surgery, employs a variety of materials for chin augmentation, ranging from autologous to alloplastic. Recent improvements include porous graft materials such as high-density polyethylene. Despite the need for secure osteotomy segments, soft tissues around the mandible have a natural propensity to return to their original anatomical position. In the discipline of genioplasty, face esthetics and facial evaluation have been a prominent emphasis, with historical evidence emphasizing the relevance of the chin in harmony, balance, and character perception. Customized implants provide a single therapy for rare anatomical defects, generally with lower morbidity, making them critical for patients undergoing many procedures or suffering from syndromic disorders. Virtual surgical planning advances will continue to give dependable solutions for small and complex chin position issues. Modern surgeons will continue to combine history, anatomy, rigorous evaluation, excellent execution, and technological breakthroughs to achieve the best possible outcomes for their patients, raising their social standing.","['D006801', 'D063172', 'D002680', 'D010027', 'D019736', 'D004954']"
38943153,Effect of scapular posterior tilting exercise on scapular muscle activities in men and women with a rounded shoulder posture.,"Round-shoulder posture (RSP) is a common postural condition, characterized by protraction, downward rotation, anterior tilting and internal rotation of the scapula. RSP can lead to shoulder dysfunction. Different methods have been proposed for rehabilitating and correcting the altered posture in RSP including stretching, strengthening exercises, and shoulder brace or taping. However, the findings are controversial and studies are ongoing to develop more effective method. The present study is aimed at investigating the effects of scapular posterior tilting (SPT) exercise in different support positions on scapular muscle activities in men and women with RSP. In a prospective observational clinical study, we assessed demographic, basic clinical parameters and study variables of the subjects with RSP (n = 20) (men/women = 9/11) attending Daegu University in Gyeongsan, South Korea. To do so, we compared electromyographic (EMG) activities of lower trapezius and serratus anterior muscles between men and women with RSP during SPT exercise on four different support surfaces to determine any difference in the EMG activities. The results revealed that women showed significant differences in EMG activities in the lower and left upper trapezius and serratus anterior muscles, while men showed significant differences in EMG activity only in the lower trapezius muscle during SPT exercise on four different surfaces (P < 0.05). The post-hoc analysis revealed significantly greater EMG activity values in the lower trapezius and serratus anterior muscles during SPT exercise on the upper body unstable surface and whole-body unstable surface (p < 0.05). Independent t-tests after the Bonferroni correction showed no significant differences in muscle activities between men and women on the four different surfaces (p > 0.0125).","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D012540', 'D011187', 'D000328', 'D011446', 'D055815', 'D004576', 'D012782', 'D018482', 'D005081', 'D064171', 'D015444']"
38942580,Imaging of Rheumatic Diseases Affecting the Lower Limb.,"Imaging methods capable of detecting inflammation, such as MR imaging and ultrasound, are of paramount importance in rheumatic disease management, not only for diagnostic purposes but also for monitoring disease activity and treatment response. However, more advanced stages of arthritis, characterized by findings of cumulative structural damage, have traditionally been accomplished by radiographs and computed tomography. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of imaging of some of the most prevalent inflammatory rheumatic diseases affecting the lower limb (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout) and up-to-date recommendations regarding imaging diagnostic workup.","['D006801', 'D008279', 'D035002', 'D006073', 'D001172', 'D012216', 'D014057', 'D014463', 'D010003']"
38941968,Lupus mesenteric vasculitis with gastrointestinal bleeding as the primary manifestation: a case report.,"Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease where the body loses tolerance to its own antigens, particularly nuclear antigens. Abnormal responses from T and B cells lead to the production of autoantibodies and the formation of immune complexes in tissues, triggering complement activation, inflammation, and irreversible organ damage. SLE can affect any part of the body, resulting in diverse clinical symptoms. One rare manifestation of SLE is lupus mesenteric vasculitis (LMV), which presents with vague symptoms, abnormal laboratory findings, and specific imaging features. LMV, although uncommon, can progress to severe complications such as bowel perforation, haemorrhage, and even mortality. Here, we report a case of LMV with the involvement of multiple organ systems (including mucocutaneous, musculoskeletal, serosal cavities, and haematological systems), presenting initially with life-threatening intractable gastrointestinal bleeding, and complicated by severe pulmonary infection. By sharing this case, we aim to enhance clinicians' confidence in managing critical SLE cases and raise awareness about disease surveillance.","['D006801', 'D006471', 'D008180', 'D014657', 'D005260', 'D008643', 'D014057', 'D000328']"
38941415,"Does adaptive radiotherapy for head and neck cancer favorably impact dosimetric, clinical, and toxicity outcomes?: A review.","The current review aims to summarize the international experience of the impact of adaptive radiotherapy on dosimetry and clinical and toxicity outcomes. Additionally, it might trigger Radiation Oncologists to use ART and evaluate whether ART improves target volume coverage and/or normal tissue sparing and, consequently, therapeutic results.","['D006801', 'D006258', 'D011879', 'D058958', 'D011880']"
38941407,Clinical application and effect evaluation of acupoint thread embedding therapy and traditional Chinese medicine treatment based on menstrual cycle characteristics in the management of breast hyperplasia: An observational study.,"To evaluate the effectiveness of the combination of acupoint embedding therapy and traditional Chinese medicine dialectical treatment regimen in improving clinical symptoms, promoting tumor regression, controlling adverse reactions and complications, and enhancing patient satisfaction by comparing and analyzing the clinical data of 120 breast tumor patients. One hundred twenty patients with breast cancer were divided into a treatment group (60 cases) and a control group (60 cases) according to different treatment plans. Patients in the treatment group received a combination of acupoint embedding therapy and traditional Chinese medicine dialectical treatment based on different time points of the menstrual cycle. Including the proportion of reduction in the number of breast masses, the proportion of reduction in mass size, changes in pain severity scores, tumor regression rate, regression time, incidence of adverse reactions and complications, and patient satisfaction. Statistical software was used to analyze the data to evaluate differences between the 2 groups. In terms of clinical symptoms, the proportion of reduction in the number of breast masses in the treatment group averaged 50%, significantly higher than the 25% in the control group; the proportion of reduction in mass size averaged 40%, also higher than the 15% in the control group; and the improvement in pain severity scores was also superior to the control group. Regarding tumor regression, the tumor regression rate in the treatment group reached 85%, with an average regression time of 6.2 weeks, both significantly better than the 55% and 9.8 weeks in the control group. In terms of adverse reactions and complications, the incidence rate in the treatment group was relatively low, and no serious adverse events occurred. Patient satisfaction surveys showed that the treatment group had significantly higher satisfaction with treatment effectiveness, treatment process, and physician service attitude compared to the control group. Based on clinical data from 120 breast tumor patients, the results of this study indicate that breast tumor patients treated with a specific treatment regimen have significant advantages in improving clinical symptoms, tumor regression, controlling adverse reactions and complications, and patient satisfaction. This treatment regimen has high clinical application value and deserves further promotion.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D008516', 'D001943', 'D017060', 'D015669', 'D008597', 'D006965', 'D015670', 'D016896', 'D001940', 'D003131']"
38941400,The effect of hemispheric lesion location on trunk control.,"Trunk control is the basic component of postural control, and achieving trunk control is a complex process that can be achieved by dynamically building and maintaining neuromuscular function. Lateropulsion, which is also defined as the body falling to one side, is considered an important condition that is frequently encountered after stroke and affects trunk control. It is known that there are differences in the regulation of postural control and trunk control according to hemispheric localization. We had a very specific group of patients and tried to find out the outcomes prospectively in this study.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D060726', 'D004856', 'D020521', 'D011446', 'D000203', 'D000071939']"
38941364,Effects of training with a rehabilitation device (Rebless®) on upper limb function in patients with chronic stroke: A randomized controlled trial.,Upper limb dysfunction is one of the most common sequelae of stroke and robotic therapy is considered one of the promising methods for upper limb rehabilitation.,"['D006801', 'D000071939', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D034941', 'D008875', 'D011446', 'D012371', 'D000368', 'D020521', 'D020127', 'D009128', 'D016896', 'D002908', 'D005081']"
38941288,Experience of living with chronic pain in conjunction with surgery for ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow-A qualitative study.,"Pain in conjunction with surgery for ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow is seldom highlighted in the literature. This study aimed to explore patients' experiences of living with chronic pain (≥3 months duration) in conjunction with surgery for ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow, the consequences and the coping strategies applied.","['D006801', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D017769', 'D000293', 'D059350', 'D004550', 'D055815', 'D036301', 'D000223', 'D014459']"
38941273,"Ear care: Knowledge, behavior, and attitudes among healthcare practitioners in Najran City, Saudi Arabia.","Personal care for body organs is a well-known practice of human beings, especially those organs that need regular care to improve function or hygiene. The ear is a unique sense organ with a specific anatomical shape to perform the function of hearing and balance.","['D006801', 'D012529', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D007722', 'D003430', 'D011795', 'D008875', 'D006282', 'D001291', 'D004423']"
38941022,Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics of Oral Microbial Communities.,"The oral cavity is a habitat for different microorganisms, of which bacteria are best described. Studying different bacterial taxa and their proteins is crucial to understanding their interactions with the host and other microbes. Also, for bacteria with virulence potential, identifying novel antigenic proteins is essential to finding candidates for the development of vaccines.Here, a workflow for gel-free and label-free protein analysis of oral bacterial species grown in vitro as a biofilm and a planktonic culture is described. Details on cultivation, protein extraction and digestion, peptide cleanup, LC-MS/MS run parameters, and subsequent bioinformatics analysis are included. Challenging steps in the workflow, such as growing different types of bacteria and selecting a suitable protein database, are also discussed. This protocol provides a valuable guide for metaproteomic experiments using multi-species models of oral bacteria.","['D040901', 'D009055', 'D053719', 'D002853', 'D001426', 'D006801', 'D001419', 'D064307', 'D018441', 'D019295', 'D020543', 'D057188']"
38940832,"Simultaneous cortical, subcortical, and brainstem mapping of sensory activation.","Nonpainful tactile sensory stimuli are processed in the cortex, subcortex, and brainstem. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have highlighted the value of whole-brain, systems-level investigation for examining sensory processing. However, whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging studies are uncommon, in part due to challenges with signal to noise when studying the brainstem. Furthermore, differentiation of small sensory brainstem structures such as the cuneate and gracile nuclei necessitates high-resolution imaging. To address this gap in systems-level sensory investigation, we employed a whole-brain, multi-echo functional magnetic resonance imaging acquisition at 3T with multi-echo independent component analysis denoising and brainstem-specific modeling to enable detection of activation across the entire sensory system. In healthy participants, we examined patterns of activity in response to nonpainful brushing of the right hand, left hand, and right foot (n = 10 per location), and found the expected lateralization, with distinct cortical and subcortical responses for upper and lower limb stimulation. At the brainstem level, we differentiated the adjacent cuneate and gracile nuclei, corresponding to hand and foot stimulation respectively. Our findings demonstrate that simultaneous cortical, subcortical, and brainstem mapping at 3T could be a key tool to understand the sensory system in both healthy individuals and clinical cohorts with sensory deficits.","['D006801', 'D001933', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008279', 'D000328', 'D001931', 'D055815', 'D002540', 'D055698', 'D010812', 'D006225']"
38938162,Establishing an animal model for peritoneal catheter malfunction caused by omental wrapping using negative pressure suction: in vitro and in vivo exploration.,This study aims to establish a simplified and effective animal model of catheter malfunction caused by omental wrapped using negative pressure suction.,"['D000818', 'D004285', 'D009852', 'D013396', 'D004868', 'D010530', 'D002408', 'D004195', 'D008297', 'D023421']"
38938117,Impact of cell lysis treatment before saliva metagenomic DNA extraction on the oral microbiome and the associated resistome.,"The human oral microbiome, a complex ecosystem linked to oral and systemic health, harbors a diverse array of microbial populations, including antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). As a critical component of the One Health approach to tackle antibiotic resistance, comprehending the oral resistome's composition and diversity is imperative. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of chemical cell lysis treatment using MetaPolyzyme on the detectability of the oral microbiome, resistome, and DNA quality and quantity.","['D012463', 'D006801', 'D064307', 'D004269', 'D056186', 'D054892', 'D024881', 'D009055', 'D000328', 'D000900', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D064368']"
38937919,Haemodynamic effect of a leg compression bandage on the distal posterior tibial artery using 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging: A quantitative study.,"The uncertainty concerning the physiological effects of compression bandaging on the peripheral blood flow is a challenge for healthcare professionals. The main objective was to determine the haemodynamic impact on the distal posterior tibial artery after the application of a high-compression leg multicomponent bandaging system using 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging. Leg dominance disparities of the posterior tibial artery before and after the application of the compressive bandage were also analysed. Twenty-eight healthy female volunteers were recruited (mean: 25.71, standard deviation: 4.74 years old) through a non-probability convenience sampling. The 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging of the distal tibial posterior artery was performed in all participants, first under standard resting conditions and after the application of a compression bandage in the leg. When the strong compressive bandage was applied, the area of the assessed artery decreased by 14.2%, whilst the average speed increased by 19.6% and the flow rate increased by 184.8%. There were differences between the haemodynamic parameters of both legs according to dominance, being statistically significantly lower in the dominant leg. The application of strong compressive bandaging significantly increases the arterial flow and mean velocity in the distal segment of the posterior tibial artery, in healthy volunteers by 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging. In this study, leg dominance influenced some of the haemodynamic parameters. According to the results, leg compression bandages cannot be contraindicated in vascular ulcers with arterial compromise.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D016909', 'D000328', 'D058128', 'D008279', 'D006439', 'D055815', 'D064368', 'D007866']"
38937799,Diagnosis and management of COVID toes in outpatients: a case report.,"Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the most common skin lesions observed due to infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 are pseudochilblains (or coronavirus disease toes). However, this pathology remains infrequent and difficult to diagnose, as no specific test exists.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D014034', 'D000086402', 'D002647', 'D055815', 'D003937', 'D010045']"
38937790,Facial soft-tissue shape changes after fixed edgewise treatment with premolar extraction in individual artificial-intelligence-classified facial profile patterns.,To examine the patterns of pretreatment facial soft tissue shape in orthodontic cases with premolar extraction using artificial intelligence (AI) and to investigate the corresponding changes.,"['D006801', 'D002508', 'D005145', 'D001641', 'D014081', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008046', 'D000293', 'D009666', 'D008311', 'D001185', 'D002680', 'D008312', 'D008334', 'D014087', 'D002648', 'D055815', 'D008310']"
38937770,A controlled study of the hygienic technical evaluation of the transaxillary approach for inflation-free single-port lumpectomy versus conventional transcervical anterior open surgery in radical thyroid cancer resection.,To evaluate sanitary techniques for radical thyroid cancer surgery via the transaxillary approach without inflation single-port endoscopic surgery (TAWISES) and the conventional open anterior cervical approach (COACAS) in a controlled manner.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D013964', 'D008297', 'D012189', 'D008875', 'D005500', 'D000328', 'D013965', 'D015412', 'D011183', 'D011379', 'D001365', 'D016022', 'D007902', 'D061646', 'D004724', 'D003362', 'D010149']"
38937736,Alteration of the immune microenvironment in the axillary metastatic lymph nodes of luminal A breast cancer patients.,The alteration of the immune microenvironment in the axillary metastatic lymph nodes of luminal A breast cancer patients is still unclear.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D001943', 'D059016', 'D008875', 'D008207', 'D001365', 'D008198', 'D000328', 'D011379', 'D014408', 'D000368', 'D005500', 'D009367', 'D016246', 'D060890', 'D061026']"
38937690,Impact of perineal pain and delivery related factors on interference with activities of daily living until 1 month postpartum: A longitudinal prospective study.,"Interference with activities of daily living can negatively impact maternal practices both physically and psychologically. This study aimed to explore the patterns of interference with activities of daily living and perineal pain among Japanese women until 1 month postpartum. Furthermore, we aimed to describe how both perineal pain and delivery-related factors were associated with interference with activities of daily living.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000203', 'D000328', 'D008137', 'D011446', 'D010502', 'D049590', 'D011247', 'D007564', 'D036861', 'D010147', 'D010146']"
38937688,"Prevalence and associated factors of maternal birth trauma following vaginal delivery at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North-West Ethiopia, 2022.","Maternal injury with any form of perineal trauma following vaginal delivery is very common which ranges globally from 16.2 to 90.4%. The frequency of Obstetric anal sphincter Injuries and the incidence of cervical laceration increases rapidly. However, in Ethiopia, there is limited evidence on the prevalence of maternal birth trauma and its determinant factors after vaginal delivery.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D005002', 'D000328', 'D011247', 'D003430', 'D015995', 'D036861', 'D055815', 'D012307', 'D010502', 'D007744', 'D001003', 'D001720', 'D022125']"
38937584,"The effect of including a mobile arch, toe joint, and joint coupling on predictive neuromuscular simulations of human walking.","Predictive neuromuscular simulations are a powerful tool for studying the biomechanics of human walking, and deriving design criteria for technical devices like prostheses or biorobots. Good agreement between simulation and human data is essential for transferability to the real world. The human foot is often modeled with a single rigid element, but knowledge of how the foot model affects gait prediction is limited. Standardized procedures for selecting appropriate foot models are lacking. We performed 2D predictive neuromuscular simulations with six different foot models of increasing complexity to answer two questions: What is the effect of a mobile arch, a toe joint, and the coupling of toe and arch motion through the plantar fascia on gait prediction? and How much of the foot's anatomy do we need to model to predict sagittal plane walking kinematics and kinetics in good agreement with human data? We found that the foot model had a significant impact on ankle kinematics during terminal stance, push-off, and toe and arch kinematics. When focusing only on hip and knee kinematics, rigid foot models are sufficient. We hope our findings will help guide the community in modeling the human foot according to specific research goals and improve neuromuscular simulation accuracy.","['D006801', 'D016138', 'D001696', 'D005684', 'D014033', 'D005528', 'D003198', 'D000843', 'D008954', 'D007719', 'D014034']"
38937569,Clinical application of transcranial neuroendoscopy combined with supraorbital keyhole approach in minimally invasive surgery of the anterior skull base.,"To explore the techniques, safety, and feasibility of minimally invasive neurosurgery through the supraorbital eyebrow arch keyhole approach by neuroendoscopy. Retrospective analysis of clinical data of patients with various cranial diseases treated by transcranial neuroendoscopic supraorbital eyebrow keyhole approach in our hospital from March 2021 to October 2023. A total of 39 complete cases were collected, including 21 cases of intracranial aneurysms, 9 cases of intracranial space occupying lesions, 5 cases of brain trauma, 3 cases of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, and 1 case of cerebral hemorrhage. All patients' surgeries were successful. The good prognosis rate of intracranial aneurysms was 17/21 (81%), and the symptom improvement rate of intracranial space occupying lesions was 8/9 (88.9%). Among them, the initial symptoms of one patient with no improvement were not related to space occupying, while the total effective rate of the other three types of patients was 9/9 (100%). The average length of the craniotomy bone window of the supraorbital eyebrow arch keyhole is 3.77 ± 0.31 cm, and the average width is 2.53 ± 0.23 cm. The average postoperative hospital stay was 14.77 ± 6.59 days. The average clearance rate of hematoma by neuroendoscopy is 95.00% ± 1.51%. Our results indicate that endoscopic surgery through the supraorbital eyebrow arch keyhole approach is safe and effective for the treatment of anterior skull base lesions and cerebral hemorrhage. However, this retrospective study is a single center, small sample study, and the good surgical results do not exclude the subjective screening of suitable patients by clinical surgeons, which may have some bias. Although the clinical characteristics such as indications and contraindications of this surgical method still require further prospective and multicenter clinical research validation, our study still provides a new approach and choice for minimally invasive surgical treatment of anterior skull base lesions.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D044583', 'D019060', 'D012189', 'D000368', 'D002532', 'D019291', 'D003399', 'D016896', 'D055815', 'D019635', 'D002543']"
38937562,Tactile versus motor imagery: differences in corticospinal excitability assessed with single-pulse TMS.,"Tactile Imagery (TI) remains a fairly understudied phenomenon despite growing attention to this topic in recent years. Here, we investigated the effects of TI on corticospinal excitability by measuring motor evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The effects of TI were compared with those of tactile stimulation (TS) and kinesthetic motor imagery (kMI). Twenty-two participants performed three tasks in randomly assigned order: imagine finger tapping (kMI); experience vibratory sensations in the middle finger (TS); and mentally reproduce the sensation of vibration (TI). MEPs increased during both kMI and TI, with a stronger increase for kMI. No statistically significant change in MEP was observed during TS. The demonstrated differential effects of kMI, TI and TS on corticospinal excitability have practical implications for devising the imagery-based and TS-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), particularly the ones intended to improve neurorehabilitation by evoking plasticity changes in sensorimotor circuitry.","['D006801', 'D050781', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D019054', 'D000328', 'D007092', 'D055815', 'D014110', 'D011712', 'D005385', 'D009044', 'D014732', 'D062207']"
38937537,Simulation-driven design of smart gloves for gesture recognition.,"Smart gloves are in high demand for entertainment, manufacturing, and rehabilitation. However, designing smart gloves has been complex and costly due to trial and error. We propose an open simulation platform for designing smart gloves, including optimal sensor placement and deep learning models for gesture recognition, with reduced costs and manual effort. Our pipeline starts with 3D hand pose extraction from videos and extends to the refinement and conversion of the poses into hand joint angles based on inverse kinematics, the sensor placement optimization based on hand joint analysis, and the training of deep learning models using simulated sensor data. In comparison to the existing platforms that always require precise motion data as input, our platform takes monocular videos, which can be captured with widely available smartphones or web cameras, as input and integrates novel approaches to minimize the impact of the errors induced by imprecise motion extraction from videos. Moreover, our platform enables more efficient sensor placement selection. We demonstrate how the pipeline works and how it delivers a sensible design for smart gloves in a real-life case study. We also evaluate the performance of each building block and its impact on the reliability of the generated design.","['D005868', 'D006801', 'D006225', 'D000077321', 'D001696', 'D003198', 'D004867']"
38937524,The relationship between muscle thickness and pennation angle is mediated by fascicle length in the muscles of the lower extremities.,"Muscle morphological architecture, a crucial determinant of muscle function, has fascinated researchers since the Renaissance. Imaging techniques enable the assessment of parameters such as muscle thickness (MT), pennation angle (PA), and fascicle length (FL), which may vary with growth, sex, and physical activity. Despite known interrelationships, robust mathematical models like causal mediation analysis have not been extensively applied to large population samples. We recruited 109 males and females, measuring knee flexor and extensor, and plantar flexor MT, PA, and FL using real-time ultrasound imaging at rest. A mixed-effects model explored sex, leg (dominant vs. non-dominant), and muscle region differences. Males exhibited greater MT in all muscles (0.1 to 2.1 cm, p < 0.01), with no sex differences in FL. Dominant legs showed greater rectus femoris (RF) MT (0.1 cm, p = 0.01) and PA (1.5°, p = 0.01), while vastus lateralis (VL) had greater FL (1.2 cm, p < 0.001) and PA (0.6°, p = 0.02). Regional differences were observed in VL, RF, and biceps femoris long head (BFlh). Causal mediation analyses highlighted MT's influence on PA, mediated by FL. Moderated mediation occurred in BFlh, with FL differences. Gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis exhibited FL-mediated MT and PA relationships. This study unveils the intricate interplay of MT, FL, and PA in muscle architecture.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D018482', 'D014463', 'D035002', 'D055815', 'D052097']"
38937059,Omental metastases in patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei or colorectal peritoneal metastases - is routine omentectomy justified?,"The greater omentum is routinely resected during cytoreductive surgery (CRS), but few studies have analyzed the rationale behind this. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of omental metastases (OM) and the correlation between macroscopically suspected and microscopically confirmed OM, in patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) or colorectal peritoneal metastases (PM).","['D006801', 'D011553', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D015179', 'D010534', 'D008875', 'D009852', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D000084262', 'D065426', 'D000369']"
38937001,Minimally Invasive Male Facial Rejuvenation: Energy-Based Devices.,"The development of minimally invasive, non-surgical, and office-based procedures that have minimal downtime has stimulated an interest among men who may seek cosmetic treatments to increase competitiveness and appear youthful in the workplace. There has also been greater media attention on the male appearance and grooming along with increasing acceptance of cosmetic procedures within society. Achieving a successful cosmetic treatment in a male patient requires the physician to recognize the gender differences that exist. These include anatomy, skin aging, and skin biology, as well as behavioral patterns that exist in this population.","['D006801', 'D012060', 'D008297', 'D003357', 'D015595', 'D019060', 'D005145', 'D053685']"
38937000,Male Rejuvenation: Injectables.,"The use of injectables can effectively treat the areas of greatest facial esthetic concern in males. Due to significant differences in the facial anatomy of men compared to women, treatment strategy, dosage, and technique differs. This article will review the pharmacology, preparation, pertinent anatomy, technique, risks, and adverse events associated with injectable agents emphasizing unique differences in male anatomy and esthetics.","['D006801', 'D012060', 'D003357', 'D008297', 'D000067548', 'D015595', 'D005145', 'D007267', 'D004954', 'D006820']"
38936998,Facial Hair in Hair Restoration Surgery: Beard Transplantation and Beard-To-Scalp Hair Restoration.,"Restoration of the beard region has become an important component of hair restoration surgery due to increased awareness of its natural-appearing results. In the author's experience performing more than 700 primary beard hair transplants and tens of reparative procedures, key aesthetic steps include proper graft dissection so that one- and two-hair grafts contain a minimal cuff of surrounding skin, acute angulation and appropriate direction of recipient sites using the smallest possible recipient-site blades, and aesthetic design.","['D006801', 'D006197', 'D000505', 'D004954', 'D012535', 'D018859']"
38936996,Fat Grafting the Male Face.,"There are many developmental sexual dimorphisms of the human face, and thereby differences in aging based on sex. Sensitivity regarding the nature of the changes that are unique to the male face as well as understanding men's unique aesthetic goals will allow the skilled practitioner to tailor rejuvenating treatments accordingly. Fat grafting of the male face has not been extensively described but is an excellent tool for facial rejuvenation either as an adjunct or a stand-alone procedure. Each treatment area demands different techniques and special attention to avoid unintentional feminization.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000273', 'D012060', 'D005145', 'D015361', 'D003357']"
38936995,Male Brow Lift and Blepharoplasty.,"After reading this article, one should better understand the anatomy of the forehead, brow, and eyelid complexes in the male patient. A thorough history and physical examination allows the facial plastic surgeon to properly select male patients in whom blepharoplasty and brow lift may be indicated. Specific surgical approaches to upper and lower blepharoplasty are discussed in detail. Surgical techniques and indications for each approach to brow lift in men, including direct, midforehead, coronal, pretrichial, endoscopic, temporal, and transblepharoplasty are explicitly outlined.","['D006801', 'D019882', 'D008297', 'D005138', 'D005546', 'D015361', 'D005143', 'D012060']"
38936993,Facial Implants in Male Rejuvenation.,"Many different methods achieve male facial augmentation. Arranged from shorter- to longer-term results, these methods include filler, fat/tissue grafting, fat/tissue transposition, and alloplastic implants. This study solely reviews allografts, which provide the most predictable hard-tissue augmentation. An array of alloplasts will be discussed in this study including chin, cheek, mandibular angle, frontal, and temporal implants. The most common and severe complications will also be explored with preventative and treatment algorithms.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D012060', 'D019736', 'D003357', 'D005145', 'D000067548']"
38936992,Direct Neck Lift for Men.,"Direct neck lift offers an excellent surgical technique for men seeking to rejuvenate the neck and avoid a full rhytidectomy. In this chapter, we provide an overview of direct submentoplasty techniques, as well as clinical pearls to consider in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods. Different surgical incisions and resultant scars in the anterior neck are discussed and illustrated with figures. Given the degree of variation of submental fullness with which patients present, it is beneficial to be familiar with several different techniques to address the submental and submandibular areas.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D009333', 'D015361', 'D012060']"
38936991,Male Deep-Plane Face and Neck Lifting: Advanced and Customized Techniques.,"In this article, the authors describe their preferred advanced deep-plane techniques and modifications that have universally improved outcomes and durability in both men and women. Performing a proper extended deep-plane facelift and neck lift avoids the need to camouflage scars and stigmata of lifts seen in superficial musculoaponeurotic system plication and other techniques. In the author's experience, vertical vector deep-plane surgery is more durable, natural, and less reliant on lipofilling and volume addition. The subtleties of examination and analysis, surgical technique, clinical outcomes, and gender-specific considerations in the reconstruction of gonial and cervicomental angles, deep planar volumetric reduction, facial volumetric change, limited skin delamination, and revision techniques are discussed.","['D006801', 'D015361', 'D008297', 'D009333', 'D012060', 'D005145']"
38936930,Enhancing the Contouring Efficiency for Head and Neck Cancer Radiotherapy Using Atlas-based Auto-segmentation and Scripting.,"Intensity-modulated radiation therapy can deliver a highly conformal dose to a target while minimizing the dose to the organs at risk (OARs). Delineating the contours of OARs is time-consuming, and various automatic contouring software programs have been employed to reduce the delineation time. However, some software operations are manual, and further reduction in time is possible. This study aimed to automate running atlas-based auto-segmentation (ABAS) and software operations using a scripting function, thereby reducing work time.","['D006801', 'D006258', 'D011880', 'D058958', 'D050397', 'D012984', 'D011879', 'D000465', 'D007091']"
38936916,Effects of Laurus nobilis Leaf Extract (LAURESH®) on Oral and Gut Microbiota Diversity in Mice.,"The leaves of Laurus nobilis have been used for culinary purposes for many years and have recently been shown to have beneficial effects on human health by altering microbiota composition. However, the effects of L. nobilis on the diversity of microbiomes in the oral cavity and gut remain unknown. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effects of an extract of L. nobilis on the diversity of microbiomes in the oral cavity and gut in mice.","['D000818', 'D000069196', 'D018515', 'D051379', 'D010936', 'D027442', 'D012336', 'D009055', 'D044822', 'D005243', 'D001419', 'D008297', 'D008810']"
38936908,Long-term Quality of Life After Surgery for Mid- and High Rectal Cancer: Hartmann's Procedure Versus Anterior Resection and Abdominoperineal Resection.,"Anterior resection is the gold standard surgery for high and middle rectal tumors. In cases where anterior resection is not feasible, the surgeon resorts to a non-restorative approach such as Hartmann's procedure or abdominoperineal resection. It is not well studied how Hartmann's procedure impacts quality of life. This cross-sectional cohort study compares the long-term quality of life after Hartmann's procedure with anterior resection and abdominoperineal resection.","['D006801', 'D011788', 'D012004', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D011795', 'D003430', 'D013548', 'D000369', 'D000078542', 'D016896', 'D000005']"
38936899,Porcine-derived Acellular Dermal Matrix for Temporary Soft Tissue Coverage in Locally Advanced Angiosarcoma of the Face - A Soft Tissue Odyssey?,"Angiosarcomas of the face are rare but present significant treatment challenges due to their origin in the supportive tissues of blood or lymphatic vessels. Achieving optimal balance between oncological efficacy and aesthetic outcomes requires a multidisciplinary approach, particularly in cases where radical R0 resection is necessary. Delays often occur, especially during histopathological examinations, which can complicate primary plastic reconstruction before definitive pathological findings.","['D006801', 'D006394', 'D062088', 'D013552', 'D000818', 'D019651', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D013524', 'D016896', 'D012983', 'D005145']"
38936881,X-ray Pelvimetry Has No Impact on the Outcomes of Trial of Labor after Cesarean Delivery: A Retrospective Single-center Study.,"Few studies have examined the relationship between pelvic size and the success or failure of trial of labor after cesarean delivery (TOLAC). Here we aimed to determine whether pelvic size and morphological data obtained from radiography contribute to the first successful TOLAC. This retrospective single-center observational study enrolled pregnant women who underwent TOLAC between 2010 and 2021. The results of X-ray pelvimetry data, including obstetric conjugate (OC), transverse diameter of the pelvic inlet (TD), anteroposterior diameter of the pelvic inlet (APD), shape of the pelvic inlet, and other obstetrical clinical data, were compared between the success and failure groups. Seventy-five patients in successful group after excluding 35 patients with previous successful TOLAC, and 21 patients in failure group were eligible. The failure group had a higher rate of previous cesarean sections due to failed labor trials (p = 0.042) and heavier newborns (p = 0.014). OC, TD, and APD on X-ray pelvimetry did not differ significantly between the two groups nor did the shape of the pelvic inlet affect the success rate for TOLAC. The generalized linear model identified a history of failed trials of labor as a significant predictor of failed TOLAC (odds ratio, 0.26; 95% confidence interval 0.071-0.923; p = 0.037), whereas no pelvimetric parameters were found. Pelvic size and morphological findings have no discernible impact on the outcomes of TOLAC. The universal application of X-ray pelvimetry in all women attempting TOLAC may not have significant clinical relevance.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D012189', 'D010387', 'D000328', 'D014219', 'D016064', 'D010388', 'D002585']"
38936878,A Case of Olfactory Neuroblastoma Developing Bilateral Retropharyngeal Lymph Node Metastasis 14-years After Skull Base Surgery.,"Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is an uncommon malignant tumor and is usually treated by a multidisciplinary approach includes surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. A 62 years-old male had a tumor in the nasal cavity and diagnosed as ONB with Kadish A stage. Anterior skull base surgery was performed as radical treatment. Since the surgical margin was negative, no postoperative radiotherapy was administered. 14 years after the surgery, bilateral otitis media with effusion (OME) was occurred, we found the recurrence tumor at bilateral retropharyngeal lymph node (RPLN) which surrounded the internal carotid arteries. Since these were unresectable, we planned chemoradiotherapy which was 70Gy of intensity modulated radiotherapy combined with two courses of carboplatin and etoposide. The tumor volume was reduced and bilateral OME were improved. He has been alive for 3 years after salvage treatment. Although ONB has a relatively good prognosis, it is known to often cause cervical lymph node metastasis. Grades III and IV of Hyams classification are considered high risk. This case, initial tumor was limited in the nasal cavity and its clinical classification was early stage, but Hyams classification was grade III. In reference to this case, considering that RPLN metastasis are difficult to radically resect at the salvage surgery, including this area in postoperative radiotherapy was considered an option.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D018304', 'D008875', 'D008207', 'D009669', 'D009296', 'D019291', 'D009364', 'D059248']"
38956126,Predictors of reflux persistence after endoscopic dextranomer/hyaluronic Acid copolymer injection in pediatric patients with Vesicoureteral reflux: short-term results.,"This study aims to investigate the factors effective in predicting the persistence of reflux after the first subureteric transurethral injection (STING) of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer in pediatric patients with vesicoureteral reflux. The data of patients without a previous history of surgery to treat vesicoureteral reflux and who underwent STING for the first time between September 2011 and November 2020 were investigated retrospectively. After considering exclusion criteria, of 199 patients, 127 patients and 180 renal units were suitable for inclusion. A renal unit-based evaluation was made. Age < 61 months (univariate: p = 0.001, multivariate: p = 0.015, HR: 2.352 (1.181-4.686), OR (95% CI)), moderate reflux level (grade 3) (univariate: p < 0.001, multivariate: p = 0.019, HR: 2.703 (1.177-6.209), OR (95% CI)), DRF (differential renal function) < 45 (univariate: p = 0.020, multivariate: p = 0.047, HR: 1.992 (1.009-3.935), OR (95% CI)), and UDR (ureteral diameter ratio) > 0.15 (univariate: p < 0.001, multivariate: p = 0.005, HR: 2.786 (1.368-5.672), OR (95% CI)) were found predictors of reflux persistence after STING surgery both univariate and multivariate analysis. High reflux level (grade 4-5) was statistically significant in univariate analysis (p < 0.001) but not statistically significant in multivariate analysis (p = 0.215). In our study, UDR and DRF were found to be factors affecting reflux persistence. UDR and DRF should be considered in order to predict reflux resolution in patients who will undergo STING.","['D006801', 'D014718', 'D006820', 'D003911', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D002675', 'D012189', 'D007223', 'D002648', 'D007267', 'D016896']"
38956041,X chromosome dosage drives statin-induced dysglycemia and mitochondrial dysfunction.,"Statin drugs lower blood cholesterol levels for cardiovascular disease prevention. Women are more likely than men to experience adverse statin effects, particularly new-onset diabetes (NOD) and muscle weakness. Here we find that impaired glucose homeostasis and muscle weakness in statin-treated female mice are associated with reduced levels of the omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), impaired redox tone, and reduced mitochondrial respiration. Statin adverse effects are prevented in females by administering fish oil as a source of DHA, by reducing dosage of the X chromosome or the Kdm5c gene, which escapes X chromosome inactivation and is normally expressed at higher levels in females than males. As seen in female mice, we find that women experience more severe reductions than men in DHA levels after statin administration, and that DHA levels are inversely correlated with glucose levels. Furthermore, induced pluripotent stem cells from women who developed NOD exhibit impaired mitochondrial function when treated with statin, whereas cells from men do not. These studies identify X chromosome dosage as a genetic risk factor for statin adverse effects and suggest DHA supplementation as a preventive co-therapy.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D019161', 'D008297', 'D051379', 'D008928', 'D006801', 'D014960', 'D004281', 'D057026', 'D018628', 'D008810', 'D001786', 'D005947', 'D003920']"
38955844,Preparation of CoFe@C composite modified electrode for neohesperidin dihydrochalcone sensing and its application in Chinese medicine.,"CoFe@C was first prepared by calcining the precursor of CoFe-metal-organic framework-74 (CoFe-MOF-74), then an electrochemical sensor for the determination of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC) was constructed, which was stemmed from the novel CoFe@C/Nafion composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The CoFe@C/Nafion composite was verified by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to evaluate its electrical properties as a modified material for an electrochemical sensor. Compared with CoFe-MOF-74 precursor modified electrode, CoFe@C/Nafion electrode exhibited a great synergic catalytic effect and extremely increased the oxidation peak signal of NHDC. The effects of various experimental conditions on the oxidation of NHDC were investigated and the calibration plot was tested. The results bespoken that CoFe@C/Nafion GCE has good reproducibility and anti-interference under the optimal experimental conditions. In addition, the differential pulse current response of NHDC was linear with its concentration within the range 0.08 ~ 20 µmol/L, and the linear regression coefficient was 0.9957. The detection limit was as low as 14.2 nmol/L (S/N = 3). In order to further verify the feasibility of the method, it was successfully used to determine the content of NHDC in Chinese medicine, with a satisfactory result, good in accordance with that of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).","['D004566', 'D003035', 'D000073396', 'D057230', 'D047188', 'D055664', 'D004365', 'D006569', 'D005465', 'D010084', 'D002244', 'D015203', 'D007501']"
38955418,Extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer in patients receiving atezolizumab plus carboplatin-etoposide: stratification of outcome based on a composite score that combines gene expression profiling and immune characterization of microenvironment.,"Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease with a dismal prognosis. The addition of immune checkpoints inhibitors to standard platinum-based chemotherapy in first-line setting achieves a durable benefit only in a patient subgroup. Thus, the identification of predictive biomarkers is an urgent unmet medical need.","['D006801', 'D016190', 'D008175', 'D008297', 'D061067', 'D005260', 'D055752', 'D059016', 'D000971', 'D005047', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D020869', 'D000328', 'D009367']"
38955384,Camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis (CACP) syndrome.,"Camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis syndrome (CACP) is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by mutation in proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) gene on chromosome 1q25-q31. We faced a dilemma and delay in diagnosis in two sisters. The elder sister had pericardial effusion with constrictive pericarditis, underwent pericardiectomy and received empirical treatment for suspected tuberculosis. After 2 years, she developed bilateral knee swelling with restriction of movement. At the same time, her younger sister also presented with bilateral knee swelling which aroused the suspicion of genetic disease. The whole-genome sequencing revealed homozygous PRG4 mutation suggestive of CACP syndrome.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D060905', 'D011509', 'D006228', 'D001177', 'D010490', 'D038062', 'D010494', 'D038061', 'D010492', 'D009154', 'D003937', 'D013585']"
38956159,Employing a magnetic chitosan/molybdenum disulfide nanocomposite for efficiently removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from milk samples.,"This study aimed to develop a highly efficient nanocomposite composed of magnetic chitosan/molybdenum disulfide (CS/MoS2/Fe3O4) for the removal of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-pyrene, anthracene, and phenanthrene. Novelty was introduced through the innovative synthesis procedure and the utilization of magnetic properties for enhanced adsorption capabilities. Additionally, the greenness of chitosan as a sorbent component was emphasized, highlighting its biodegradability and low environmental impact compared to traditional sorbents. Factors influencing PAH adsorption, such as nanocomposite dosage, initial PAH concentration, pH, and contact time, were systematically investigated and optimized. The results revealed that optimal removal efficiencies were attained at an initial PAH concentration of 150 mg/L, a sorbent dose of 0.045 g, pH 6.0, and a contact time of 150 min. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model exhibited superior fitting to the experimental data, indicating an equilibrium time of approximately 150 min. Moreover, the equilibrium adsorption process followed the Freundlich isotherm model, with kf and n values exceeding 7.91 mg/g and 1.20, respectively. Remarkably, the maximum absorption capacities for phenanthrene, anthracene, and pyrene on the sorbent were determined as 217 mg/g, 204 mg/g, and 222 mg/g, respectively. These findings underscore the significant potential of the CS/MoS2/Fe3O4 nanocomposite for efficiently removing PAHs from milk and other dairy products, thereby contributing to improved food safety and public health.","['D004220', 'D053761', 'D048271', 'D011084', 'D008982', 'D008892', 'D000818', 'D000327', 'D007700', 'D006863']"
38954781,Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Transcriptional Landscape of Neutrophils and Highlights the Role of TREM-1 in EAE.,"Neutrophils, underestimated in multiple sclerosis (MS), are gaining increased attention for their significant functions in patients with MS and the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model. However, the precise role of neutrophils in cervical lymph nodes (CLNs), the primary CNS-draining lymph nodes where the autoimmune response is initiated during the progression of EAE, remains poorly understood.","['D004681', 'D009504', 'D000818', 'D000073871', 'D051379', 'D059010', 'D008810', 'D005260', 'D017423', 'D008198']"
38954714,A deep neural network prediction method for diabetes based on Kendall's correlation coefficient and attention mechanism.,"Diabetes is a chronic disease, which is characterized by abnormally high blood sugar levels. It may affect various organs and tissues, and even lead to life-threatening complications. Accurate prediction of diabetes can significantly reduce its incidence. However, the current prediction methods struggle to accurately capture the essential characteristics of nonlinear data, and the black-box nature of these methods hampers its clinical application. To address these challenges, we propose KCCAM_DNN, a diabetes prediction method that integrates Kendall's correlation coefficient and an attention mechanism within a deep neural network. In the KCCAM_DNN, Kendall's correlation coefficient is initially employed for feature selection, which effectively filters out key features influencing diabetes prediction. For missing values in the data, polynomial regression is utilized for imputation, ensuring data completeness. Subsequently, we construct a deep neural network (KCCAM_DNN) based on the self-attention mechanism, which assigns greater weight to crucial features affecting diabetes and enhances the model's predictive performance. Finally, we employ the SHAP model to analyze the impact of each feature on diabetes prediction, augmenting the model's interpretability. Experimental results show that KCCAM_DNN exhibits superior performance on both PIMA Indian and LMCH diabetes datasets, achieving test accuracies of 99.090% and 99.333%, respectively, approximately 2% higher than the best existing method. These results suggest that KCCAM_DNN is proficient in diabetes prediction, providing a foundation for informed decision-making in the diagnosis and prevention of diabetes.","['D006801', 'D016571', 'D003920', 'D000077321', 'D001786']"
38954708,Endothelial cell specific molecule 1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cervical cancer via the E-box binding homeobox 1.,To investigate the mechanism of endothelial cell specific molecule 1 (ESM1) promoting cervical cancer cell proliferation and EMT characteristics through zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1)/EMT pathway.,"['D006801', 'D058750', 'D002583', 'D000071799', 'D005260', 'D000818', 'D049109', 'D051379', 'D002465', 'D006367', 'D011509', 'D009363', 'D008819', 'D015972', 'D045744', 'D015398', 'D051057', 'D019869', 'D009361', 'D011379', 'D008807']"
38954207,Quantitative Monitoring of GPCR-Mediated Spatiotemporal IP3 Dynamics Using Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy.,"Activation of G protein-coupled receptors upon chemoattractant stimulation induces activation of multiple signaling pathways. To fully understand how these signaling pathway coordinates to achieve directional migration of neutrophils, it is essential to determine the dynamics of the spatiotemporal activation profile of signaling components at the level of single living cells. Here, we describe a detailed methodology for monitoring and quantitatively analyzing the spatiotemporal dynamics of 1,4,5-inositol trisphosphate (IP3) in neutrophil-like HL60 cells in response to various chemoattractant fields by applying Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) fluorescence microscopy.","['D006801', 'D043562', 'D031541', 'D018922', 'D008856', 'D018613', 'D015544', 'D015398', 'D009504']"
38954046,GSDME-mediated pyroptosis promotes anti-tumor immunity of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer.,"Paclitaxel and anthracycline-based chemotherapy is one of the standard treatment options for breast cancer. However, only about 6-30% of breast cancer patients achieved a pathological complete response (pCR), and the mechanism responsible for the difference is still unclear. In this study, random forest algorithm was used to screen feature genes, and artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm was used to construct an ANN model for predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Furthermore, digital pathology, cytology, and molecular biology experiments were used to verify the relationship between the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immune ecology. It was found that paclitaxel and doxorubicin, an anthracycline, could induce typical pyroptosis and bubbling in breast cancer cells, accompanied by gasdermin E (GSDME) cleavage. Paclitaxel with LDH release and Annexin V/PI doubule positive cell populations, and accompanied by the increased release of damage-associated molecular patterns, HMGB1 and ATP. Cell coculture experiments also demonstrated enhanced phagocytosis of macrophages and increased the levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 secretion after paclitaxel treatment. Mechanistically, GSDME may mediate paclitaxel and doxorubicin-induced pyroptosis in breast cancer cells through the caspase-9/caspase-3 pathway, activate anti-tumor immunity, and promote the efficacy of paclitaxel and anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This study has practical guiding significance for the precision treatment of breast cancer, and can also provide ideas for understanding molecular mechanisms related to the chemotherapy sensitivity.","['D001943', 'D006801', 'D000069292', 'D005260', 'D020360', 'D051379', 'D000818', 'D017239', 'D004317', 'D000971', 'D045744', 'D023041', 'D000094524']"
38953707,Procyanidin C1 inhibits bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by selective clearance of senescent myofibroblasts.,"Pulmonary fibrosis is a formidable challenge in chronic and age-related lung diseases. Myofibroblasts secrete large amounts of extracellular matrix and induce pro-repair responses during normal wound healing. Successful tissue repair results in termination of myofibroblast activity via apoptosis; however, some myofibroblasts exhibit a senescent phenotype and escape apoptosis, causing over-repair that is characterized by pathological fibrotic scarring. Therefore, the removal of senescent myofibroblasts using senolytics is an important method for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Procyanidin C1 (PCC1) has recently been discovered as a senolytic compound with very low toxicity and few side effects. This study aimed to determine whether PCC1 could improve lung fibrosis by promoting apoptosis in senescent myofibroblasts and to investigate the mechanisms involved. The results showed that PCC1 attenuates bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. In addition, we found that PCC1 inhibited extracellular matrix deposition and promoted the apoptosis of senescent myofibroblasts by increasing PUMA expression and activating the BAX signaling pathway. Our findings represent a new method of pulmonary fibrosis management and emphasize the potential of PCC1 as a senotherapeutic agent for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, providing hope for patients with pulmonary fibrosis worldwide. Our results advance our understanding of age-related diseases and highlight the importance of addressing cellular senescence in treatment.","['D000818', 'D001761', 'D058628', 'D011658', 'D051379', 'D016922', 'D002392', 'D008810', 'D044945', 'D017209', 'D008297', 'D044946', 'D015398']"
38953032,Systemic inflammation biomarkers during angioedema attacks in hereditary angioedema.,"Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disease characterized by localized and self-limited angioedema (AE) attacks. A local increase of bradykinin (BK) mediates AE attacks in HAE, however the role of inflammation in HAE has been poorly explored We aim to analyze the role of inflammatory mediators in HAE patients during AE attacks.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D054179', 'D008875', 'D015415', 'D000368', 'D007249', 'D000293', 'D002648', 'D055815', 'D000369', 'D050718', 'D000685', 'D005174', 'D001799', 'D018836', 'D005338']"
38953028,"The HHV-6B U20 glycoprotein binds ULBP1, masking it from recognition by NKG2D and interfering with natural killer cell activation.","Human Herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) impedes host immune responses by downregulating class I MHC molecules (MHC-I), hindering antigen presentation to CD8+ T cells. Downregulation of MHC-I disengages inhibitory receptors on natural killer (NK) cells, resulting in activation and killing of the target cell if NK cell activating receptors such as NKG2D have engaged stress ligands upregulated on the target cells. Previous work has shown that HHV-6B downregulates three MHC-like stress ligands MICB, ULBP1, and ULBP3, which are recognized by NKG2D. The U20 glycoprotein of the related virus HHV-6A has been implicated in the downregulation of ULBP1, but the precise mechanism remains undetermined.","['D006801', 'D007694', 'D015654', 'D058851', 'D055655', 'D008213', 'D011485', 'D014764', 'D006023', 'D047908']"
38952969,Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension in patient's visiting the conservative dentistry and endodontics department: a cross-sectional study in Surabaya City.,This descriptive cross-sectional study focuses on the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) amongst patients who visited the Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics department. Recognizing these incidence statistics is critical for improving endodontic therapy delivery and assuring high-quality dental care with positive treatment outcomes.,"['D006801', 'D003924', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D003430', 'D006973', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D015995', 'D000368', 'D001794', 'D001786']"
38952968,Positive peritoneal lavage fluid cytology based on isolation by size of epithelial tumor cells indicates a high risk of peritoneal metastasis.,"Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is the most prevalent type of metastasis in patients with gastric cancer (GC) and has an extremely poor prognosis. The detection of free cancer cells (FCCs) in the peritoneal cavity has been demonstrated to be one of the worst prognostic factors for GC. However, there is a lack of sensitive detection methods for FCCs in the peritoneal cavity. This study aimed to use a new peritoneal lavage fluid cytology examination to detect FCCs in patients with GC, and to explore its clinical significance on diagnosing of occult peritoneal metastasis (OPM) and prognosis.","['D006801', 'D010534', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D013274', 'D010533', 'D017404', 'D000368', 'D001202', 'D011379', 'D000071858', 'D000328', 'D003581', 'D009360', 'D000093222']"
38952638,"The Comparison of Irisin, Subfatin, and Adropin in Normal-Weight and Obese Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients.","A combination of genetic and environmental factors contribute to the highly common, complex, and varied endocrine condition known as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women. PCOS primarily affects women between the ages of 15 and 35 who are in the early to late stages of pregnancy. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of irisin, subfatin, and adropin in PCOS with and without obesity compared to the control group.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011085', 'D000328', 'D005353', 'D009765', 'D036341', 'D003430', 'D055815', 'D001798', 'D010455', 'D015992', 'D016022', 'D000293']"
38952399,PET/CT in the Evaluation of CAR-T Cell Immunotherapy in Hematological Malignancies.,"Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell-based immunotherapy has emerged as a path-breaking strategy for certain hematological malignancies. Assessment of the response to CAR-T therapy using quantitative imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has been broadly investigated. However, the definitive role of PET/CT in CAR-T therapy remains to be established. [18F]FDG PET/CT has demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for differentiating patients with a partial and complete response after CAR-T therapy in lymphoma. The early therapeutic response and immune-related adverse effects such as cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome can also be detected on [18F]FDG PET images. In otherwise asymptomatic lymphoma patients with partial response following CAR-T therapy, the only positive findings could be abnormal PET/CT results. In multiple myeloma, a negative [18F]FDG PET/CT after receiving B-cell maturation antigen-directed CAR-T therapy has been associated with a favorable prognosis. In leukemia, [18F]FDG PET/CT can detect extramedullary metastases and treatment responses after therapy. Hence, PET/CT is a valuable imaging tool for patients undergoing CAR-T therapy for pretreatment evaluation, monitoring treatment response, assessing safety, and guiding therapeutic strategies. Developing guidelines with standardized cutoff values for various PET parameters and tumor cell-specific tracers may improve the efficacy and safety of CAR-T therapy.","['D006801', 'D000072078', 'D019337', 'D016219', 'D007167', 'D000076962', 'D019788']"
38952246,Efficacy of mitral annular velocity as an alternative marker of left ventricular global longitudinal strain to detect the risk of cancer therapy-related cardiac disorders.,"Left ventricular longitudinal function can be rapidly evaluated by measuring S' and mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) using tissue Doppler imaging. Even when the image quality is poor and the left ventricular endocardium is not visible, S' and MAPSE can be measured if the mitral annulus is visible. However, the utility of S' and MAPSE in diagnosing cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the diagnostic performance of S' and MAPSE and determine appropriate cutoff values.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D012189', 'D008943', 'D001943', 'D006352', 'D018487', 'D016277', 'D018943', 'D004452', 'D015150', 'D013318', 'D066126', 'D000094582']"
38952166,Effects of dispersing media on the rheological and tribological properties of basil seed mucilage-based thickened liquids.,"The development of thickening powders for the management of dysphagia is imperative due to the rapid growth of aging population and prevalence of the dysphagia. One promising thickening agent that can be used to formulate dysphagia diets is basil seed mucilage (BSM). This work investigates the effects of dispersing media, including water, milk, skim milk, and apple juice, on the rheological and tribological properties of the BSM-thickened liquids. Shear rheology results revealed that the thickening ability of BSM in these media in ascending order is milk < skim milk ≈ apple juice < water. On the other hand, extensional rheology demonstrated that the longest filament breakup time was observed when BSM was dissolved in milk, followed by skim milk, water, and apple juice. Furthermore, tribological measurements showed varying lubrication behavior, depending on the BSM concentration and dispersing media. Dissolution of BSM in apple juice resulted in the most superior lubrication property compared with that in other dispersing media. Overall, this study provides insights on BSM's application as a novel gum-based thickening powder in a range of beverages and emphasizes how important it is for consumers to have clear guidance for the use of BSM in dysphagia management.","['D018649', 'D012212', 'D012639', 'D062087', 'D000818', 'D008892', 'D014783', 'D003680', 'D027845', 'D000067030', 'D006801', 'D014867', 'D011208', 'D008153']"
38952133,Design of chitosan colon delivery micro/nano particles for an Achillea millefolium extract with antiproliferative activity against colorectal cancer cells.,"In this study, chitosan low molecular weight (LCH) and chitosan medium molecular weight (MCH) were employed to encapsulate a yarrow extract rich in chlorogenic acid and dicaffeoylquinic acids (DCQAs) that showed antiproliferative activity against colon adenocarcinoma cells. The design of CH micro/nanoparticles to increase the extract colon delivery was carried out by using two different techniques: ionic gelation and spray drying. Ionic gelation nanoparticles obtained were smaller and presented higher yields values than spray-drying microparticles, but spray-drying microparticles showed the best performance in terms of encapsulation efficiency (EE) (> 94%), also allowing the inclusion of a higher quantity of extract. Spray-drying microparticles designed using LCH with an LCH:extract ratio of 6:1 (1.25 mg/mL) showed a mean diameter of 1.31 ± 0.21 µm and EE values > 93%, for all phenolic compounds studied. The release profile of phenolic compounds included in this formulation, at gastrointestinal pHs (2 and 7.4), showed for most of them a small initial release, followed by an increase at 1 h, with a constant release up to 3 h. Chlorogenic acid presented the higher release values at 3 h (56.91% at pH 2; 44.45% at pH 7.4). DCQAs release at 3 h ranged between 9.01- 40.73%, being higher for 1,5- and 3,4-DCQAs. After gastrointestinal digestion, 67.65% of chlorogenic and most DCQAs remained encapsulated. Therefore, spray-drying microparticles can be proposed as a promising vehicle to increase the colon delivery of yarrow phenolics compounds (mainly chlorogenic acid and DCQAs) previously described as potential agents against colorectal cancer.","['D048271', 'D006801', 'D010936', 'D031162', 'D002726', 'D053758', 'D049109', 'D015179', 'D010316', 'D045744', 'D011801', 'D065546', 'D016503', 'D000972', 'D003106', 'D004337', 'D008970']"
38952094,[Knock-down of long noncoding RNA H19 (lncRNA H19) promotes human colorectal cell autophagy and inhibits cell apoptosis induced by lipopolysaccharide].,"Objective To investigate the expression levels of lncRNA H19 in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and its role in UC. Methods Colonic mucosa and serum samples were collected from 25 UC patients and 25 healthy individuals at the General Hospital of Xizang Military Region. The expression levels of lncRNA H19 were detected, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed using serum samples. An in vitro inflammatory model was established in HT29 colorectal cells under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, and the expression levels of lncRNA H19 were observed in HT29 cells through fluorescence quantitative PCR. HT29 cells with downregulated lncRNA H19 was constructed using lentivirus-mediated shRNA. The effect of lncRNA H19 on cell survival was analyzed through MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and the protein expression levels of apoptosis and autophagy markers were analyzed through Western blot. After treatment with rapamycin, the survival of HT29 cells was observed by MTT assay. Results lncRNA H19 was highly expressed in the colonic mucosa and serum samples of UC patients with the ROC area being 0.786. Following LPS stimulation, the expression levels of lncRNA H19 was significantly increased in a time-dependent manner. Downregulation of lncRNA H19 can promote cell survival, inhibit cell apoptosis and increase autophagy level in HT29 cells. Treatment with rapamycin significantly increased the cell survival rate. Conclusion Knock-down of lncRNA H19 increases autophagy levels, inhibits LPS-induced apoptosis and promotes the survival of colon cells.","['D006801', 'D062085', 'D017209', 'D001343', 'D008070', 'D003093', 'D019073', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D055785']"
38952093,[High expression of anti-β2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI) autoantibody exacerbates inflammation and immune dysfunction in connective tissue disease].,"Objective To observe the expression of anti-β2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI) autoantibody in connective tissue diseases and its relationship with the degree of inflammation and immune function. Methods Patients with broad connective tissue diseases including connective tissue disease (CTD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjogren's syndrome (SS), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were observed. β2GPI was quantified by chemiluminescence, ESR was measured by Weil's method, and C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic citrullinated polypeptide (CCP) antibody were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer. Results β2GPI and their subtypes were significantly higher in RA patients compared with CTD, SS, and SLE patients. CRP was positively associated with anti-β2GPI antibody and anti-β2GPI antibody IgM in patients with connective tissue disease. ESR was positively associated with anti-β2GPI antibody. Anti-β2GPI antibody and anti-β2GPI antibody IgM were elevated in the abnormal CRP group compared with the normal CRP group. Compared with the ESR normal group, anti-β2GPI antibody and anti-β2GPI antibody IgG were elevated in the ESR abnormal group. Anti-β2GPI antibody was positively correlated with ESR and anti-CCP antibody in RA patients. Anti-β2GPI antibody IgG was positively correlated with RF. Conclusion β2GPI can be used as a predictor of the degree of inflammation and assessment of immune disorders in CTD.","['D006801', 'D001323', 'D053482', 'D003240', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D007249', 'D002097', 'D012217', 'D000368', 'D012859', 'D055815', 'D001172']"
38952089,[Astragaloside IV reduces renal injury in mice with IgA nephropathy by inhibiting TIM-1 signaling pathway and increasing Th1/Th2 cell ratio].,"Objective To investigate the effects of astragaloside IV(AS-IV) on the balance of T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells in mice with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and its possible mechanism. Methods The IgAN model of BALB/c mice was established. Successfully modeled mice were randomly divided into four groups: model, AS-IV low dose, AS-IV medium dose and AS-IV high dose groups, with 10 mice in each group. Another 10 mice served as the control group. Mice in the low, medium and high dose groups were administered 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg AS-IV suspension (prepared in normal saline) by gavage, while the control and model groups were given an equivalent volume of normal saline. The 24-hour urinary protein (24 h UPr) content and urine red blood cell count were measured in each group. The levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr) and albumin (ALB) were determined. Serum interferon γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-10 levels were detected by ELISA. The ratio of Th1/Th2 cells in peripheral blood of mice was detected using flow cytometry. Histopathological changes in the kidney of mice were observed by HE staining. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain gene 1 (TIM-1), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in mouse kidney tissue. Results Compared with the model group, in weeks 12 and 15, the urine red blood cell count, 24 h UPr, BUN, Scr, levels of IL-4 and IL-10, the proportion of Th2 cells, as well as the mRNA and protein expression levels of TIM-1 and TLR4 were significantly decreased in the low, medium and high dose groups of AS-IV, and the levels of ALB, IFN-γ, the proportion of Th1 cells and Th1/Th2 cell ratio were increased, with the high-dose group showing the best effects. Conclusion AS-IV can inhibit TIM-1 signaling pathway, increase the Th1/Th2 cell ratio, inhibit the inflammatory reaction, and alleviate the renal injury in IgAN mice.","['D000818', 'D000072596', 'D014315', 'D005922', 'D012503', 'D018417', 'D015398', 'D008807', 'D018418', 'D051379', 'D051197', 'D015847', 'D007668', 'D016753', 'D007371', 'D008297', 'D005260']"
38952040,Tilianin enhances the antitumor effect of sufentanil on non-small cell lung cancer.,"Non-small cell cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cancer in the world, but its effective therapeutic methods are limited. Tilianin and sufentanil alleviate various human tumors. This research aimed to clarify the functions and mechanisms of Tilianin and sufentanil in NSCLC. The functions of Tilianin and sufentanil on NSCLC cell viability, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and immunity in vitro were examined using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, reactive oxygen species level analysis, CD8+ T cell percentage analysis, Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The molecular mechanism regulated by Tilianin and sufentanil in NSCLC was assessed using Western blot, and immunofluorescence assays. Meanwhile, the roles of Tilianin and sufentanil in NSCLC tumor growth, apoptosis, and immunity in vivo were determined by establishing a tumor xenograft mouse model, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot assays. When sufentanil concentration was proximity 2 nM, the inhibition rate of NSCLC cell viability was 50%. The IC50 for A549 cells was 2.36 nM, and the IC50 for H1299 cells was 2.18 nM. The IC50 of Tilianin for A549 cells was 38.7 μM, and the IC50 of Tilianin for H1299 cells was 44.6 μM. Functionally, 0.5 nM sufentanil and 10 μM Tilianin reduced NSCLC cell (A549 and H1299) viability in a dose-dependent manner. Also, 0.5 nM sufentanil and 10 μM Tilianin enhanced NSCLC cell apoptosis, yet this impact was strengthened after a combination of Tilianin and Sufentanil. Furthermore, 0.5 nM sufentanil and 10 μM Tilianin repressed NSCLC cell mitochondrial dysfunction and immunity, and these impacts were enhanced after a combination of Tilianin and Sufentanil. Mechanistically, 0.5 nM sufentanil and 10 μM Tilianin repressed the NF-κB pathway in NSCLC cells, while this repression was strengthened after a combination of Tilianin and Sufentanil. In vivo experimental data further clarified that 1 µg/kg sufentanil and 10 mg/kg Tilianin reduced NSCLC growth, immunity, and NF-κB pathway-related protein levels, yet these trends were enhanced after a combination of Tilianin and Sufentanil. Tilianin strengthened the antitumor effect of sufentanil in NSCLC.","['D002289', 'D006801', 'D017409', 'D008175', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D017209', 'D023041', 'D000072283', 'D008819', 'D004357', 'D045744', 'D008807', 'D000970', 'D002809', 'D000664']"
38951916,LILRB4 on multiple myeloma cells promotes bone lesion by p-SHP2/NF-κB/RELT signal pathway.,Leukocyte Ig-like receptor B family 4 (LILRB4) as an immune checkpoint on myeloid cells is a potential target for tumor therapy. Extensive osteolytic bone lesion is the most characteristic feature of multiple myeloma. It is unclear whether ectopic LILRB4 on multiple myeloma regulates bone lesion.,"['D009101', 'D006801', 'D051379', 'D000818', 'D015398', 'D011971', 'D016328', 'D008562', 'D045744', 'D010010', 'D023041']"
38951907,Nonpharmacological interventions on glycated haemoglobin in youth with type 1 diabetes: a Bayesian network meta-analysis.,"The available evidence on the impact of specific non-pharmacological interventions on glycaemic control is currently limited. Consequently, there is a need to determine which interventions could provide the most significant benefits for the metabolic health of young individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to identify optimal nonpharmacological interventions on glycaemic control, measured by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus from inception to July 1, 2023. Randomised clinical trials (RCT) investigating nonpharmacological interventions (e.g., physical activity, nutrition, and behavioural therapies) were included. Primary outcome was change in HbA1c levels. Secondary outcome was change in daily insulin dose requirement. Seventy-four RCT with 6,815 participants (49.43% girls) involving 20 interventions were analysed using a network meta-analysis. Most interventions showed greater efficacy than standard care. However, multicomponent exercise, which includes aerobic and strength training (n = 214, standardised mean difference [SMD] =- 0.63, 95% credible interval [95% CrI] - 1.09 to - 0.16) and nutritional supplements (n = 146, SMD =- 0.49, - 0 .92 to - 0.07) demonstrated the greatest HbA1c reductions. These interventions also led to the larger decreases in daily insulin needs (n = 119, SMD =- 0.79, 95% CrI -  1.19 to - 0.34) and (n = 57, SMD =- 0.62, 95% CrI -  1.18 to - 0.12, respectively). The current study underscores non-pharmacological options such as multicomponent exercise and nutritional supplements, showcasing their potential to significantly improve HbA1c in youth with type 1 diabetes. Although additional research to confirm their efficacy is required, these approaches could be considered as potential adjuvant therapeutic options in the management of type 1 diabetes among children and adolescents.","['D006801', 'D003922', 'D006442', 'D000293', 'D002648', 'D000071076', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D016896', 'D001786', 'D016032', 'D015415', 'D001499', 'D007004', 'D000085002', 'D000367', 'D007328', 'D019587', 'D005081', 'D015444', 'D002675']"
38951903,NIR-responsive electrospun nanofiber dressing promotes diabetic-infected wound healing with programmed combined temperature-coordinated photothermal therapy.,"Diabetic wounds present significant challenges, specifically in terms of bacterial infection and delayed healing. Therefore, it is crucial to address local bacterial issues and promote accelerated wound healing. In this investigation, we utilized electrospinning to fabricate microgel/nanofiber membranes encapsulating MXene-encapsulated microgels and chitosan/gelatin polymers.","['D014945', 'D057139', 'D000082703', 'D000818', 'D001458', 'D000900', 'D051379', 'D018441', 'D048271', 'D008297', 'D003921', 'D013696', 'D051381', 'D007259', 'D049109', 'D017207', 'D006801', 'D014946']"
38951875,Graphene oxide quantum dots-loaded sinomenine hydrochloride nanocomplexes for effective treatment of rheumatoid arthritis via inducing macrophage repolarization and arresting abnormal proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes.,"The characteristic features of the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) microenvironment are synovial inflammation and hyperplasia. Therefore, there is a growing interest in developing a suitable therapeutic strategy for RA that targets the synovial macrophages and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs). In this study, we used graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) for loading anti-arthritic sinomenine hydrochloride (SIN). By combining with hyaluronic acid (HA)-inserted hybrid membrane (RFM), we successfully constructed a new nanodrug system named HA@RFM@GP@SIN NPs for target therapy of inflammatory articular lesions. Mechanistic studies showed that this nanomedicine system was effective against RA by facilitating the transition of M1 to M2 macrophages and inhibiting the abnormal proliferation of FLSs in vitro. In vivo therapeutic potential investigation demonstrated its effects on macrophage polarization and synovial hyperplasia, ultimately preventing cartilage destruction and bone erosion in the preclinical models of adjuvant-induced arthritis and collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Metabolomics indicated that the anti-arthritic effects of HA@RFM@GP@SIN NPs were mainly associated with the regulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis, ovarian steroidogenesis, tryptophan metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism. More notably, transcriptomic analyses revealed that HA@RFM@GP@SIN NPs suppressed the cell cycle pathway while inducing the cell apoptosis pathway. Furthermore, protein validation revealed that HA@RFM@GP@SIN NPs disrupted the excessive growth of RAFLS by interfering with the PI3K/Akt/SGK/FoxO signaling cascade, resulting in a decline in cyclin B1 expression and the arrest of the G2 phase. Additionally, considering the favorable biocompatibility and biosafety, these multifunctional nanoparticles offer a promising therapeutic approach for patients with RA.","['D009019', 'D000818', 'D045663', 'D001172', 'D000070918', 'D006108', 'D049109', 'D051381', 'D008264', 'D005347', 'D008297', 'D001169', 'D017207', 'D051379', 'D006801', 'D000067996', 'D006820']"
38951832,The discriminative ability of the triglyceride-glucose index to identify metabolic syndrome among adults of the northern Sri Lankan population.,"The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) is a simple surrogate marker for Insulin Resistance (IR). However, the relationship between the TyG index and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) remains unknown in the Northern Sri Lankan population.","['D006801', 'D024821', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D013188', 'D003430', 'D014280', 'D001786', 'D015415', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D000368', 'D007333', 'D011379']"
38951804,Serum lipid metabolism characteristics and potential biomarkers in patients with unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss.,"Glycerophospholipids (GPLs) are essential for cell membrane structure and function. Sphingomyelin and its metabolites regulate cell growth, apoptosis, and stress responses. This study aimed to investigate lipid metabolism in patients experiencing sudden sensorineural hearing loss across all frequencies (AF-SSNHL).","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D015415', 'D006319', 'D050356', 'D000081362', 'D000328', 'D003639', 'D020404', 'D000368', 'D010714', 'D010713', 'D008244', 'D013109', 'D008246']"
38951793,Impaired GK-GKRP interaction rather than direct GK activation worsens lipid profiles and contributes to long-term complications: a Mendelian randomization study.,"Glucokinase (GK) plays a key role in glucose metabolism. In the liver, GK is regulated by GK regulatory protein (GKRP) with nuclear sequestration at low plasma glucose level. Some GK activators (GKAs) disrupt GK-GKRP interaction which increases hepatic cytoplasmic GK level. Excess hepatic GK activity may exceed the capacity of glycogen synthesis with excess triglyceride formation. It remains uncertain whether hypertriglyceridemia associated with some GKAs in previous clinical trials was due to direct GK activation or impaired GK-GKRP interaction.","['D057182', 'D006801', 'D055106', 'D048868', 'D012307', 'D020022', 'D018570', 'D001786', 'D005941', 'D015415', 'D008055', 'D010641', 'D002352', 'D020641', 'D013997', 'D050171', 'D005234']"
38951783,Enhanced wound healing potential of arabincoside B isolated from Caralluma Arabica in rat model; a possible dressing in veterinary practice.,"Wound management is a critical procedure in veterinary practice. A wound is an injury that requires the body's cells' alignment to break down due to external assault, such as trauma, burns, accidents, and diseases. Re-epithelization, extracellular matrix deposition, especially collagen, inflammatory cell infiltration, and development of new blood capillaries are the four features that are used to evaluate the healing process. Using a natural extract for wound management is preferred to avoid the side effects of synthetic drugs. The current study aimed to assess the effect of major pregnane glycoside arabincoside B (AR-B) isolated from Caralluma arabica (C. arabica) for the wound healing process.","['D000818', 'D014945', 'D051381', 'D008297', 'D029062', 'D001458', 'D042461', 'D006027', 'D011278', 'D014409', 'D013482', 'D053148', 'D017207']"
38951764,"Postoperative hyperglycemia among adult non-diabetic surgical patients at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.","Postoperative hyperglycemia is associated with morbidity and mortality in non-diabetic surgical patients. However, there is limited information on the extent and factors associated with postoperative hyperglycemia. This study assessed the magnitude and associated factors of postoperative hyperglycemia among non-diabetic adult patients who underwent elective surgery at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.","['D006801', 'D005002', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D003430', 'D006943', 'D008875', 'D011183', 'D017558', 'D012307', 'D006785', 'D015995', 'D001786']"
38951620,An increase of serum CA-125 to two times of nadir level strongly predicts the image-identified relapse of serous ovarian cancer.,"Using 70 U/ml or 35 U/ml as CA125 routine abnormal threshold may result in omissions in the relapse detection of Ovarian cancer (OvCa). This study aimed to clarify the association between a biochemical relapse (only the elevation of CA125) and an image-identified relapse to predict the relapsed lesions better. 162 patients who achieved complete clinical response were enrolled from women diagnosed with stage I-IV serous ovarian, tubal, and peritoneal cancers from January 2013 to June 2019 at our center. The CA125 level of 2 × nadir was defined as the indicator of image-identified relapse (P < 0.001). Compared to CA125 level exceeding 35 U/ml, the 2 × nadir of CA125 improve the sensitivity of image-identified relapse (84.9% vs 67.4%, P < 0.001); the 2 × nadir value can act as an earlier warning relapse signal with a longer median time to image-identified relapse (2.7 vs. 0 months, P < 0.001). Of the relapsed population, there was no difference of CA125 changing trend between the neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and primary debulking surgery (PDS) group after initial treatment. Compared with 35 U/ml, CA125 reaching 2 × nadir during the follow-up process might be a more sensitive and early relapse signal in patients with serous OvCa. This criterion may help guide patients to be recommended for imaging examination to detect potential relapse in time.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D018394', 'D008875', 'D010051', 'D009364', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D018284', 'D014408', 'D020360', 'D012189', 'D008565']"
38951604,Life's Essential 8 is inversely associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.,"Life's Essential 8 (LE8) is a score that includes modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Four health behaviors (diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure and sleep health) and four health factors (non-HDL cholesterol, blood glucose, blood pressure and body mass index) are included. These modifiable risk factors promote inflammation, and inflammation is one of the biological mechanisms of cardiovascular disease development. Thus, we examined the relationship between cardiovascular health measured by LE8 and low-grade inflammation measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in the cross-sectional population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS). The study consisted of 28,010 participants between 50 and 64 years (51.5% women, mean age 57.5 years). All individual LE8 components were assigned a score between 0 (unhealthy) and 100 (healthy) points, and a global score was calculated. The association between LE8 scores and high-risk hs-CRP (defined as > 3.0 mg/L) was analyzed using adjusted logistic regression with spline analyses. There was a strong, dose response and inverse association between LE8 scores and levels of hs-CRP. Thus, those with a low LE8 score (= 50.0 points) had 5.8 higher (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.2-6.4) odds ratio (OR) of having high hs-CRP as compared to those with a high LE8 score (= 80.0 points). In conclusion, our findings show strong inverse associations between LE8 scores and levels of hs-CRP.","['D006801', 'D002097', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D008297', 'D002318', 'D003430', 'D012307', 'D013548', 'D007249', 'D015992', 'D015444', 'D015438', 'D001794', 'D001786']"
38951590,Urea intercalated encapsulated microalgae composite hydrogels for slow-release fertilizers.,"In agriculture, hydrogels can be addressed for effective operation of water and controlled-release fertilizers. Hydrogels have a significant ability for retaining water and improving nutrient availability in soil, enhancing plant growth while reducing water and fertilizer usage. This work aimed to prepare a hydrogel composite based on microalgae and biopolymers including chitosan and starch for use as a soil conditioner. The hydrogel composite was characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM. All hydrogel properties were studied including swelling degree, biodegradability, water-holding capacity, water retention, and re-swelling capacity in soil and water. The urea fertilizer loading and releasing behavior of the prepared hydrogels were investigated. The results revealed that the range of the maximal urea loading was between 99 and 440%, and the kinetics of loading was fitted with Freundlich model. The urea release % exhibited 78-95%, after 30 days, and the kinetics of release was fitted with zero-order, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. Furthermore, the prepared hydrogels obtained a significant water-holding capacity, after blending soil (50 g) with small amount of hydrogels (1 g), the capacity increased in the range of 99.4-101.5%. In sum, the prepared hydrogels have the potential to be applied as a soil conditioner.","['D005308', 'D020100', 'D014508', 'D058086', 'D003692', 'D007700', 'D014867', 'D012987', 'D048271', 'D013213']"
38951588,Membrane topography and the overestimation of protein clustering in single molecule localisation microscopy - identification and correction.,"According to single-molecule localisation microscopy almost all plasma membrane proteins are clustered. We demonstrate that clusters can arise from variations in membrane topography where the local density of a randomly distributed membrane molecule to a degree matches the variations in the local amount of membrane. Further, we demonstrate that this false clustering can be differentiated from genuine clustering by using a membrane marker to report on local variations in the amount of membrane. In dual colour live cell single molecule localisation microscopy using the membrane probe DiI alongside either the transferrin receptor or the GPI-anchored protein CD59, we found that pair correlation analysis reported both proteins and DiI as being clustered, as did its derivative pair correlation-photoactivation localisation microscopy and nearest neighbour analyses. After converting the localisations into images and using the DiI image to factor out topography variations, no CD59 clusters were visible, suggesting that the clustering reported by the other methods is an artefact. However, the TfR clusters persisted after topography variations were factored out. We demonstrate that membrane topography variations can make membrane molecules appear clustered and present a straightforward remedy suitable as the first step in the cluster analysis pipeline.","['D000072760', 'D002462', 'D018957', 'D011990', 'D006801', 'D008565', 'D016000', 'D008856']"
38951571,Ribonuclease inhibitor 1 emerges as a potential biomarker and modulates inflammation and iron homeostasis in sepsis.,"Sepsis, marked by organ dysfunction, necessitates reliable biomarkers. Ribonuclease inhibitor 1 (RNH1), a ribonuclease (RNase) inhibitor, emerged as a potential biomarker for acute kidney injury and mortality in thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm patients. Our study investigates RNH1 dynamics in sepsis, its links to mortality and organ dysfunction, and the interplay with RNase 1 and RNase 5. Furthermore, we explore RNH1 as a therapeutic target in sepsis-related processes like inflammation, non-canonical inflammasome activation, and iron homeostasis. We showed that RNH1 levels are significantly higher in deceased patients compared to sepsis survivors and correlate with creatine kinase, aspartate and alanine transaminase, bilirubin, serum creatinine and RNase 5, but not RNase 1. RNH1 mitigated LPS-induced TNFα and RNase 5 secretion, and relative mRNA expression of ferroptosis-associated genes HMOX1, FTH1 and HAMP in PBMCs. Monocytes were identified as the predominant type of LPS-positive PBMCs. Exogenous RNH1 attenuated LPS-induced CASP5 expression, while increasing IL-1β secretion in PBMCs and THP-1 macrophages. As RNH1 has contradictory effects on inflammation and non-canonical inflammasome activation, its use as a therapeutic agent is limited. However, RNH1 levels may play a central role in iron homeostasis during sepsis, supporting our clinical observations. Hence, RNH1 shows promise as biomarkers for renal and hepatic dysfunction and hepatocyte injury, and may be useful in predicting the outcome of septic patients.","['D006801', 'D018805', 'D015415', 'D007501', 'D006706', 'D007249', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D058847', 'D008070', 'D000074084', 'D002352']"
38951544,A dual-center analysis of conservative versus liberal glycoprotein IIb-IIIa antagonist strategies in the treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction.,"While the efficacy of GpIIb-IIIa-inhibitors during primary PCI (pPCI) for ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) has previously been demonstrated, its ongoing role and safety in combination with newer P2Y12-inhibitors is unclear. We therefore sought to compare outcomes between two centers with divergent approaches to the use of GpIIbIIIa antagonists in pPCI. We performed a retrospective chart review of all-comer STEMI patients treated with pPCI at two high-volume Montreal academic tertiary care centers. One center tended to use GpIIb-IIIa-inhibitors up-front in a large proportion of patients (liberal strategy) and the other preferring a bail-out approach (conservative strategy). Baseline patient characteristics and procedural data were compared between the two groups. The main efficacy outcome was rate of no-reflow/slow-reflow and the main safety outcome was BARC ≥ 2 bleeding events. A total of 459 patients were included, of whom 167 (36.5%) were exposed to a GpIIb-IIIa-antagonist. There was a significant overall difference in use of GpIIb-IIIa-antagonist between the two centers (60.5% vs. 16.1%, p < 0.01). Rate of no-reflow/slow-reflow was similar between groups (2.6% vs. 1.4%, p = 0.22). In-hospital rates of unplanned revascularization, stroke and death were also not different between groups. Use of a liberal GpIIb--IIIa-antagonist strategy was however associated with a higher risk of bleeding (OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.57-6.37, p < 0.01), which persisted after adjustment for covariables (adjusted OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.40-5.81, p < 0.01). In this contemporary retrospective cohort, a conservative, bail-out only GpIIb--IIIa-antagonist strategy was associated with a lower incidence of clinically relevant bleeding without any signal for an increase in no-reflow/slow-reflow or ischemic clinical events.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D019039', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000072657', 'D000368', 'D012189', 'D062645', 'D010975', 'D016896', 'D006470']"
38951505,Risk of anthracycline-induced cardiac dysfunction in adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors: role of genetic susceptibility loci.,"There is a known genetic susceptibility to anthracycline-induced cardiac dysfunction in childhood cancer survivors, but this has not been adequately shown in adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients. Our aim was to determine if the previously identified variants associated with cardiac dysfunction in childhood cancer patients affect AYA cancer patients similarly. Forty-five variants were selected for analysis in 253 AYAs previously treated with anthracyclines. We identified four variants that were associated with cardiac dysfunction: SLC10A2:rs7319981 (p = 0.017), SLC22A17:rs4982753 (p = 0.019), HAS3:rs2232228 (p = 0.023), and RARG:rs2229774 (p = 0.050). HAS3:rs2232228 and SLC10A2:rs7319981 displayed significant effects in our AYA cancer survivor population that were in the opposite direction than that reported in childhood cancer survivors. Genetic variants in the host genes were further analyzed for additional associations with cardiotoxicity in AYA cancer survivors. The host genes were then evaluated in a panel of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to assess changes in levels of expression when treated with doxorubicin. Significant upregulation of HAS3 and SLC22A17 expression was observed (p < 0.05), with non-significant anthracycline-responsivity observed for RARG. Our study demonstrates that there is a genetic influence on cardiac dysfunction in AYA cancer patients, but there may be a difference in the role of genetics between childhood and AYA cancer survivors.","['D006801', 'D000293', 'D018943', 'D000073116', 'D055815', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D020022', 'D066126', 'D000328', 'D032383', 'D020641', 'D009369', 'D006331', 'D000903', 'D012307']"
38951258,CaLAP1 and CaLAP2 orchestrate anthocyanin biosynthesis in the seed coat of Cicer arietinum.,"Our findings shed light on the regulation of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in chickpea seed coats. Expression of R2R3-MYB transcription factors CaLAP1 and CaLAP2 enhanced the anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins content in chickpea. The seed coat color is a major economic trait in leguminous crop chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PAs) are two classes of flavonoids that mainly contribute to the flower, seed coat and color of Desi chickpea cultivars. Throughout the land plant lineage, the accumulation of anthocyanins and PAs is regulated by MYB and bHLH transcription factors (TFs), which form an MBW (MYB, bHLH, and WD40) complex. Here, we report two R2R3-MYB TFs in chickpea belonging to the anthocyanin-specific subgroup-6, CaLAP1 (Legume Anthocyanin Production 1), and CaLAP2 (Legume Anthocyanin Production 2), which are mainly expressed in the flowers and developmental stages of the seeds. CaLAP1 and CaLAP2 interact with TT8-like CabHLH1 and WD40, forming the MBW complex, and bind to the promoter sequences of anthocyanin- and PA biosynthetic genes CaCHS6, CaDFR2, CaANS, and CaANR, leading to anthocyanins and PA accumulation in the seed coat of chickpea. Moreover, these CaLAPs partially complement the anthocyanin-deficient phenotype in the Arabidopsis thaliana sextuple mutant seedlings. Overexpression of CaLAPs in chickpea resulted in significantly higher expression of anthocyanin and PA biosynthetic genes leading to a darker seed coat color with higher accumulation of anthocyanin and PA. Our findings show that CaLAPs positively modulate anthocyanin and PA content in seed coats, which might influence plant development and resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses.","['D029863', 'D012639', 'D000872', 'D010940', 'D018506', 'D044945', 'D014157', 'D030821', 'D017360', 'D035264']"
38951151,"First-trimester hemoglobin, haptoglobin genotype, and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in a retrospective study among Chinese pregnant women.","This study aimed to assess whether the Haptoglobin (Hp) genotype influences the relationship between hemoglobin (Hb) levels and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Additionally, it sought to evaluate the interaction and joint association of Hb levels and Hp genotype with GDM risk.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D016640', 'D006242', 'D012189', 'D000328', 'D011261', 'D005838', 'D006454', 'D002681', 'D012307', 'D044466', 'D006442', 'D001786', 'D007333', 'D000095225']"
38951147,An immune-adrenergic pathway induces lethal levels of platelet-activating factor in mice.,"Acute immune responses with excess production of cytokines, lipid/chemical mediators, or coagulation factors, often result in lethal damage. In addition, the innate immune system utilizes multiple types of receptors that recognize neurotransmitters as well as pathogen-associated molecular patterns, making immune responses complex and clinically unpredictable. We here report an innate immune and adrenergic link inducing lethal levels of platelet-activating factor. Injecting mice with toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS), cell wall N-glycans of Candida albicans, and the α2-adrenergic receptor (α2-AR) agonist medetomidine induces lethal damage. Knocking out the C-type lectin Dectin-2 prevents the lethal damage. In spleen, large amounts of platelet-activating factor (PAF) are detected, and knocking out lysophospholipid acyltransferase 9 (LPLAT9/LPCAT2), which encodes an enzyme that converts inactive lyso-PAF to active PAF, protects mice from the lethal damage. These results reveal a linkage/crosstalk between the nervous and the immune system, possibly inducing lethal levels of PAF.","['D000818', 'D010972', 'D051379', 'D018345', 'D008810', 'D008070', 'D002176', 'D007113', 'D008297', 'D008243', 'D051197', 'D058647']"
38951108,[Role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in adhesion and migration of mesenchymal stem cells in ankylosing spondylitis and its mechanisms].,"Objective: To investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the adhesion and migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods: Bone marrow and ligament tissues were collected during surgery from patients with AS and thoracolumbar fractures (as controls, HC) treated from October 2021 to October 2022 at Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. MSCs were isolated and cultured from the bone marrow using the Ficoll separation method. Cell morphology was observed under high-resolution microscopy, and differences in the cytoskeletal features between AS-and HC-MSCs were analyzed through immunofluorescence staining. The expression of ICAM-1 was quantified in both groups using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and flow cytometry. Transwell migration assays and wound healing experiments were conducted to evaluate the differences in migration rates between the two groups of MSCs. Results: The interspinous ligament and bone marrow was acquired in AS (2 males and 1 female; 33, 37, 32 years old, respectively) and no-AS patients (2 males and 1 female; 35, 32, 38 years old, respectively). AS-MSCs exhibited broader cell morphology compared to HC-MSCs under bright field and fluorescence microscopy. Immunofluorescence staining of the interspinous ligament showed higher expression of ICAM-1 (68.38±3.42 vs 48.31±2.43) and CD105 (37.97±2.16 vs 23.36±2.06) in AS patients (both P<0.001). Western blot and RT-qPCR analysis revealed significantly stronger protein expression and transcription levels of ICAM-1 in AS-MSCs when compared to those in HC-MSCs (both P<0.001). Flow cytometry confirmed greater mean fluorescence intensity of ICAM-1 in AS-MSCs than in that in HC-MSCs (924.30±54.99 vs 636.47±40.03, P=0.002). Regarding cell adhesion efficiency, it showed no significant difference between AS-MSCs and HC-MSCs in the early stage of adhesion (0.5 h: 1 496±213 vs 1 205±163, P=0.133), but they were all significantly higher in AS-MSCs in the later stage (1 h: 2 894±172 vs 1 908±155, P=0.002; 2 h: 4 540±286 vs 3 334±188, P=0.004; 3 h: 5 212±281 vs 4 208±303, P=0.014). Finally, cell migration experiments demonstrated a stronger migration capability of AS-MSCs compared to HC-MSCs (5 449±172 vs 4 016±155, P<0.001), and the inhibition efficiency of A-205804 on the migration rate of AS-MSCs was stronger than that on HC-MSCs (2 145±239 vs 3 539±316, P=0.004). Conclusions: The aberrant expression of ICAM-1 markedly influences the adhesion and migration dynamics of MSCs. Elevated ICAM-1 levels in MSCs derives from patients with AS significantly enhance their migratory capabilities.","['D006801', 'D018799', 'D013167', 'D059630', 'D002465', 'D000328', 'D002448', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D001854', 'D012189', 'D002478']"
38951088,[Expert consensus on stroke prevention and blood glucose management in patients with type 2 diabetes].,"Abnormal glucose metabolism is closely related to stroke and has adverse effects on the occurrence, development, and prognosis of stroke. Ideal glycemic control is of great significance in improving the prognosis of stroke. Some hypoglycemic drugs can reduce the risk of stroke occurrence and recurrence in patients with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, such patients with stroke should strengthen their blood pressure and blood lipid control and use antiplatelet drugs reasonably. The expert consensus group finally established this consensus after discussions pertaining to evidence-based medicine and clinical practice, with the aim to provide a reference for clinical practice.","['D006801', 'D003924', 'D020521', 'D001786', 'D007004']"
38951081,[Clinical and bioinformatics analysis of the relationship between LAMA3 DNA methylation expression and platinum resistance and prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer].,"Objective: To investigate the effect of DNA methylation of laminin α3 (LAMA3) on the prognosis of platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and its possible mechanism. Methods: (1) The relationship between DNA methylation of LAMA3 and platinum resistance in EOC was evaluated by bioinformatics. (2) A total of 67 EOC patients treated at Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital from January 2000 to December 2012 were selected to detect the levels of LAMA3 DNA methylation in EOC tissues using pyrophosphate sequencing technology to explore its diagnostic efficacy for platinum resistance and prognosis in EOC patients. Furthermore, its impact on chemotherapy efficacy and prognosis of platinum resistant EOC patients were also analyzed. Results: (1) Ten proteins highly interacting with LAMA3 were screened from the Gene Interaction Retrieval Platform (STRING) database, including laminin β (LAMB) 3, laminin γ (LAMC) 3, integrin α (ITGA) 6, intestine protein β4 (ITGB4), ITGA3, LAMC1,LAMB2, dystrophin associated glycoprotein 1 (DAG1), LAMB1 and cytochrome P450c17α (COL17A1) protein; kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that LAMA3 and its related interacting proteins participate in the regulation of malignant tumor occurrence and development through signaling pathways such as apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA damage response, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor (ER), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), RAS/mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), tuberous sclerosis protein complex (TSC)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and their expression levels were related to the sensitivity of chemotherapy drugs such as cisplatin in EOC. (2) Our clinical data analysis found that the LAMA3 DNA methylation level in EOC tissue of the platinum-sensitive group (35 cases) was 71% (25/35), which was higher than 69% (22/32) in the platinum-resistant group (32 cases), with statistically insignificant difference (χ2=0.057, P=0.811). The area under the curve (AUC) of LAMA3 DNA methylation level for assessing platinum resistance in EOC was 0.601, and the AUC for predicting EOC patient prognosis was 0.686. The chemotherapy efficacy of EOC patients with high methylation of LAMA3 DNA was worse than that of patients with low methylation, 50% (12/24) vs 15/15, with statistically significant difference (χ2=10.833, P=0.001). The level of LAMA3 DNA methylation had a significant impact on the progression free survival and overall survival of EOC patients (both P<0.05). Conclusion: The level of LAMA3 DNA methylation has certain diagnostic and predictive value for platinum resistance and prognosis in EOC patients, which may be closely related to the regulatory mechanism, platinum resistance and prognosis of EOC.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D007797', 'D019175', 'D019008', 'D019295', 'D000077216', 'D011379', 'D010051', 'D015972', 'D000970', 'D010984', 'D015398']"
38951062,[Comparison of etoposide combined with G-CSF and cyclophosphamide combined with G-CSF in the mobilization of autologous peripheral blood stem cells in patients with multiple myeloma].,"Objective: The effect and safety of etoposide combined with G-CSF were compared with those of cyclophosphamide combined with G-CSF in autologous peripheral blood mobilization in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) . Methods: Patients with MM who received autologous peripheral blood stem cell mobilization and collection in the Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 1, 2020 to July 31, 2023 were included. A total of 134 patients were screened by propensity score matching technology according to a 1∶1 ratio. A total of 67 cases were each treated with ETO combined with G-CSF mobilization scheme (ETO group) and CTX combined with G-CSF mobilization scheme (CTX group). Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Results: ①Collection results: the ETO and CTX groups [2 (1-3) d vs 2 (1-5) d; P<0.001] and CD34(+) cells [7.62×10(6) (2.26×10(6)-37.20×10(6)) /kg vs 2.73×10(6) (0.53×10(6)-9.85×10(6)) /kg; P<0.001] were collected. The success rate of collection was 100.0% (67/67) versus 76.1% (51/67) (P<0.001). Excellent rate of collection was 82.1% (55/67) versus 20.9% (14/67; P<0.001). Two patients in the ETO group switched protocols after 1 day of collection, and 11 patients in the CTX group switched protocols after 1-2 days of collection. ②Adverse reactions: granular deficiency with fever (21.5%[14/65] vs. 10.7%[6/56]; P=0.110), requiring platelet transfusion [10.7% (7/65) vs 1.8% (1/56) ; P=0.047]. ③Until the end of follow-up, 63 cases in the ETO group and 54 cases in the CTX group have undergone autologous transplantation. The median number of CD34(+) cells infused in the two groups was 4.62×10(6) (2.14×10(6)-19.89×10(6)) /kg versus 2.62×10(6) (1.12×10(6)-5.31×10(6)) /kg (P<0.001), neutrophil implantation time was 11 (9-14) d versus 11 (10-14) d (P=0.049), and platelet implantation time was 11 (0-19) d vs. 12 (0-34) d (P=0.035). One case in the CTX group experienced delayed platelet implantation. Conclusion: The mobilization scheme of etoposide combined with G-CSF requires relatively platelet transfusion, but the collection days are shortened. The collection success rate, excellent rate, and the number of CD34(+) cells obtained are high, and the neutrophil and platelet engraftment is accelerated after transplantation.","['D006801', 'D009101', 'D005047', 'D019650', 'D003520', 'D016179', 'D012189', 'D014182', 'D000072916', 'D036102', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875']"
38951000,Infant formula supplemented with milk fat globule membrane compared with standard infant formula for the cognitive development of healthy term-born formula-fed infants: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.,Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is a complex lipid-protein structure in mammalian milk and human milk that is largely absent from breastmilk substitutes. The objective of this trial is to investigate whether providing infant formula enriched with MFGM versus standard infant formula improves cognitive development at 12 months of age in exclusively formula-fed full-term infants.,"['D006801', 'D006017', 'D041943', 'D066292', 'D006023', 'D003071', 'D007223', 'D002657', 'D005260', 'D007231', 'D008297', 'D016032', 'D019587', 'D001942', 'D008895']"
38950997,"INfluenza VaccInation To mitigate typE 1 Diabetes (INVITED): a study protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in children and adolescents with recent-onset type 1 diabetes.","Children and adolescents with recent-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) commonly maintain a certain level of insulin production during the remission phase, which can last months to years. Preserving β-cell function can reduce T1D complications and improve glycaemic control. Influenza vaccination has pleiotropic effects and administration of the vaccine during the early phases of T1D may offer β-cell protection. This study aims to assess the effect of influenza vaccination on preserving β-cell function in children and adolescents with recent-onset T1D.","['D006801', 'D003922', 'D000293', 'D002648', 'D007252', 'D004311', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D007251', 'D006442', 'D002096', 'D016032', 'D001786', 'D007328', 'D014611', 'D050417']"
38950968,The Impact of Rheumatoid Arthritis on First Nations and How We Can Work With Communities to Prevent It.,"Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is prevalent in many Indigenous North American First Nations (FN) and tends to be seropositive, familial, and disabling, as well as associated with highly unfavorable outcomes such as early mortality. The risk of developing RA is based on a perfect storm of gene-environment interactions underpinning this risk. The gene-environment interactions include a high frequency of shared epitope encoding HLA alleles, particularly HLA-DRB1*1402, in the background population, and prevalent predisposing environmental factors such as smoking and periodontal disease. Together, these provide a compelling rationale for an RA prevention agenda in FN communities. Our research team has worked in partnership with several FN communities to prospectively follow the first-degree relatives of FN patients with RA, with the aim of better understanding the preclinical stages of RA in this population. We have focused on specific features of the anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) and other proteomic biomarkers as predictors of future development of RA. These studies have now led us to consider interventions having a favorable risk-benefit ratio if applied at a stage prior to a hypothetical ""point of no return,"" when the autoimmunity potentially becomes irreversible. Based on a supportive mouse model and available human studies of curcumin, omega-3, and vitamin D supplements, we are undertaking studies where we screen communities using dried blood spot technology adapted for the detection of ACPA, and then enrolling ACPA-positive individuals in studies that use a combination of these supplements. These studies are guided by shared decision-making principles.","['D006801', 'D000075422', 'D001172', 'D015415', 'D059647', 'D059811', 'D007198']"
38950317,RNA-binding protein PCBP2 regulates pancreatic β cell function and adaptation to glucose.,"Glucose plays a key role in shaping pancreatic β cell function. Thus, deciphering the mechanisms by which this nutrient stimulates β cells holds therapeutic promise for combating β cell failure in type 2 diabetes (T2D). β Cells respond to hyperglycemia in part by rewiring their mRNA metabolism, yet the mechanisms governing these changes remain poorly understood. Here, we identify a requirement for the RNA-binding protein PCBP2 in maintaining β cell function basally and during sustained hyperglycemic challenge. PCBP2 was induced in primary mouse islets incubated with elevated glucose and was required to adapt insulin secretion. Transcriptomic analysis of primary Pcbp2-deficient β cells revealed impacts on basal and glucose-regulated mRNAs encoding core components of the insulin secretory pathway. Accordingly, Pcbp2-deficient β cells exhibited defects in calcium flux, insulin granule ultrastructure and exocytosis, and the amplification pathway of insulin secretion. Further, PCBP2 was induced by glucose in primary human islets, was downregulated in islets from T2D donors, and impacted genes commonly altered in islets from donors with T2D and linked to single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with T2D. Thus, these findings establish a paradigm for PCBP2 in governing basal and glucose-adaptive gene programs critical for shaping the functional state of β cells.","['D016601', 'D000818', 'D050417', 'D051379', 'D006801', 'D005947', 'D003924', 'D007328', 'D000078790', 'D018345', 'D008297', 'D000222']"
38950155,Clinical characteristics and treatment patterns of patients with NTRK fusion-positive solid tumors: A multisite cohort study at US academic cancer centers.,"Neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) gene fusions are rare oncogenic drivers prevalent in 0.3% of solid tumors. They are most common in salivary gland cancer (2.6%), thyroid cancer (1.6%), and soft-tissue sarcoma (1.5%). Currently, there are 2 US Food and Drug Administration-approved targeted therapies for NTRK gene fusions: larotrectinib, approved in 2018, and entrectinib, approved in 2019. To date, the real-world uptake of tyrosine receptor kinase inhibitor (TRKi) use for NTRK-positive solid tumors in academic cancer centers remains largely unknown.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D012189', 'D008875', 'D014481', 'D009369', 'D020812', 'D000368', 'D020917', 'D000328', 'D047428', 'D020813', 'D000046', 'D008562', 'D015514', 'D015331', 'D011743', 'D011720', 'D001549', 'D055815', 'D007191']"
38956425,Risk of stress cardiomyopathy associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors: a real-world pharmacovigilance analysis.,"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are reported to cause stress cardiomyopathy (SC). This study evaluated the association between SSRI/SNRI use and the occurrence of cardiomyopathy in the publicly available U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. Disproportionate analysis and likelihood ratio tests were used to identify risk associated with SSRIs or SNRIs and the incidence of SC, using data from between from 2012 to 2022 acquired from the FAERS database. The study identified 132 individual case safety reports (ICSRs) of SC associated with SSRIs or SNRIs. Venlafaxine (48%) and fluoxetine (27%) were the most common antidepressants of the ICSRs. Approximately 80% of SC cases were reported in females, with individuals aged 45-65 years identified as a high-risk population. Both venlafaxine (ratio-scale information component [RSIC] 2.54, 95% CI 2.06-3.04) and fluoxetine (RSIC 3.20, 95% CI 2.31-4.47) were associated with SC, with likelihood ratio estimates of 3.55 (p = 0.02) for venlafaxine and 4.82 (p = 0.008) for fluoxetine. The median time to cardiomyopathy onset was 20 days, with hospitalization reported in 48.33% of patients. Venlafaxine and fluoxetine were associated with SC risk, particularly in middle-aged women. Caution should be exercised when using SSRIs or SNRIs combined with other serotonergic medications.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D017367', 'D008297', 'D060735', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D000068760', 'D054549', 'D016907', 'D000328', 'D014481', 'D000069470', 'D005473', 'D016208', 'D012307']"
38956421,Enhancement of endothelial function and attenuation of portal vein injury using mesenchymal stem cells carrying miRNA-25-3p.,"The aims of this study were to determine whether human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) modified by miRNA-25-3p (miR-25-3p) overexpression could promote venous endothelial cell proliferation and attenuate portal endothelial cell injury. HucMSCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were isolated and cultured from human umbilical cord and characterized. Lentiviral vectors expressing miRNA-25-3p were transfected into hucMSCs and confirmed by PCR. We verified the effect of miR-25-3p-modified hucMSCs on HUVEC by cell co-culture and cell supernatant experiments. Subsequently, exosomes of miR-25-3p-modified hucMSCs were isolated from cell culture supernatants and characterized by WB, NTA and TEM. We verified the effects of miR-25-3p-modified exosomes derived from hucMSCs on HUVEC proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis by in vitro cellular function experiments. Meanwhile, we further examined the downstream target genes and signaling pathways potentially affected by miR-25-3p-modified hucMSC-derived exosomes in HUVEC. Finally, we established a rat portal vein venous thrombosis model by injecting CM-DiR-labeled hucMSCs intravenously into rats and examining the homing of cells in the portal vein by fluorescence microscopy. Histological and immunohistochemical experiments were used to examine the effects of miRNA-25-3p-modified hucMSCs on the proliferation and damage of portal vein endothelial cells. Primary hucMSCs and HUVECs were successfully isolated, cultured and characterized. Primary hucMSCs were modified with a lentiviral vector carrying miR-25-3p at MOI 80. Co-culture and cell supernatant intervention experiments showed that overexpression of miRNA-25-3p in hucMSCs enhanced HUVEC proliferation, migration and tube formation in vitro. We successfully isolated and characterized exosomes of miR-25-3p-modified hucMSCs, and exosome intervention experiments demonstrated that miR-25-3p-modified exosomes derived from hucMSCs similarly enhanced the proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of HUVECs. Subsequent PCR and WB analyses indicated PTEN/KLF4/AKT/ERK1/2 as potential pathways of action. Analysis in a rat portal vein thrombosis model showed that miR-25-3p-modified hucMSCs could homing to damaged portal veins. Subsequent histological and immunohistochemical examinations demonstrated that intervention with miR-25-3p overexpression-modified hucMSCs significantly reduced damage and attenuated thrombosis in rat portal veins. The above findings indicate suggest that hucMSCs based on miR-25-3p modification may be a promising therapeutic approach for use in venous thrombotic diseases.","['D035683', 'D006801', 'D061307', 'D000818', 'D059630', 'D051381', 'D049109', 'D055354', 'D011169', 'D002465', 'D017207', 'D008297', 'D020246', 'D002478', 'D018920', 'D015398', 'D014470']"
38956376,Association of the systemic immune-inflammation index with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis.,"The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), a metric reflecting systemic inflammatory response and immune activation, remains underexplored concerning its correlation with mortality among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. This study aimed to delineate the association between SII and both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality within the cohort of American adults diagnosed with RA, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 1999 to 2018. The investigation extracted data from NHANES cycles between 1999 and 2018, identifying RA patients through questionnaire responses. The SII was computed based on complete blood counts, employing the formula: (platelets × neutrophils) / lymphocytes. The optimal SII cutoff value for significant survival outcomes was determined using maximally selected rank statistics. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models assessed the relationship between SII levels and mortality (all-cause and cardiovascular) among RA patients, with subgroup analyses examining potential modifications by clinical confounders. Additionally, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were conducted to explore the linearity of the SII-mortality association. The study encompassed 2070 American adults with RA, among whom 287 exhibited a higher SII (≥ 919.75) and 1783 a lower SII (< 919.75). Over a median follow-up duration of 108 months, 602 participants died. After adjustments for demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle variables, a higher SII was associated with a 1.48-fold increased risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21-1.81, P < 0.001) and a 1.51-fold increased risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.04-2.18, P = 0.030) compared to a lower SII. Kaplan-Meier analyses corroborated significantly reduced survival rates within the higher SII cohort for both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (Pall-cause mortality < 0.0001 and Pcardiovascular mortality = 0.0004). RCS analyses confirmed a positive nonlinear relationship between SII and mortality rates. In conclusion, the SII offers a straightforward indicator of the equilibrium between detrimental innate inflammation and beneficial adaptive immunity. Our investigation, utilizing a comprehensive and nationally representative sample, reveals that elevated SII levels independently forecast a greater risk of mortality from all causes, as well as cardiovascular-specific mortality, in individuals suffering from RA. These insights underscore the clinical relevance of the SII as an affordable and readily accessible biomarker. Its incorporation into regular clinical practice could significantly enhance the precision of risk assessment and forecasting for patients with RA, facilitating more tailored and effective management strategies. Specifically, patients with high SII levels could be identified for more stringent cardiovascular risk management, including closer monitoring, lifestyle interventions, and aggressive pharmacological treatments to mitigate their increased risk of mortality.","['D006801', 'D001172', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002318', 'D008875', 'D007249', 'D009749', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D002423', 'D016016', 'D012307']"
38956217,Exploring stroke discourse on Twitter through content and network analysis among Indian users.,"The study aimed to understand stroke-related Twitter conversations in India, focusing on topics, message sources, reach, and influential users to provide insights to stakeholders regarding community needs for knowledge, support, and interventions. Geo-tagged Twitter posts focusing on stroke originating from India and, spanning from November 7, 2022, to February 28, 2023, were systematically obtained via the Twitter application programming interface, using keywords and hashtags sourced through Symplur Signals. Preprocessing involved the removal of hashtags, stop words, and URLs. The Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model was used to identify recurring stroke-related topics, while influential users were identified through social network analysis. About half of the tweets about stroke in India were about seeking support and post-stroke bereavement sharing and had the highest reachability. Four out of 10 tweets were from the individual twitter users. Tweets on the topic risk factors, awareness and prevention (14.6%) constituted the least proportion, whereas the topic management, research, and promotion had the least retweet ratio. Twitter demonstrates significant potential as a platform for both disseminating and acquiring stroke-related information within the Indian context. The identified topics and understanding of the content of discussion offer valuable resources to public health professionals and organizations to develop targeted educational and engagement strategies for the relevant audience.","['D061108', 'D006801', 'D007194', 'D020521', 'D000083482', 'D033181']"
38956192,Identification of metabolites associated with preserved muscle volume after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage due to high protein supplementation and neuromuscular electrical stimulation.,"The INSPIRE randomized clinical trial demonstrated that a high protein diet (HPRO) combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) attenuates muscle atrophy and may improve outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage We sought to identify specific metabolites mediating these effects. Blood samples were collected from subjects on admission prior to randomization to either standard of care (SOC; N = 12) or HPRO + NMES (N = 12) and at 7 days. Untargeted metabolomics were performed for each plasma sample. Sparse partial least squared discriminant analysis identified metabolites differentiating each group. Correlation coefficients were calculated between each metabolite and total protein per day and muscle volume. Multivariable models determined associations between metabolites and muscle volume. Unique metabolites (18) were identified differentiating SOC from HPRO + NMES. Of these, 9 had significant positive correlations with protein intake. In multivariable models, N-acetylleucine was significantly associated with preserved temporalis [OR 1.08 (95% CI 1.01, 1.16)] and quadricep [OR 1.08 (95% CI 1.02, 1.15)] muscle volume. Quinolinate was also significantly associated with preserved temporalis [OR 1.05 (95% CI 1.01, 1.09)] and quadricep [OR 1.04 (95% CI 1.00, 1.07)] muscle volume. N-acetylserine and β-hydroxyisovaleroylcarnitine were associated with preserved temporalis or quadricep volume. Metabolites defining HPRO + NMES had strong correlations with protein intake and were associated with preserved muscle volume.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D013345', 'D000073600', 'D018482', 'D055432', 'D009133', 'D004599', 'D000368', 'D055442', 'D019587']"
38956129,Unraveling the genetic tapestry of pediatric sarcomeric cardiomyopathies and masquerading phenocopies in Jordan.,"Pediatric cardiomyopathies are mostly attributed to variants in sarcomere-related genes. Unfortunately, the genetic architecture of pediatric cardiomyopathies has never been previously studied in Jordan. We sought to uncover the genetic landscape of 14 patients from nine families with several subtypes of pediatric cardiomyopathies in Jordan using Exome sequencing (ES). Our investigation identified pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in seven out of nine families (77.8%), clustering in sarcomere-related genes. Surprisingly, phenocopies of sarcomere-related hypertrophic cardiomyopathies were evident in probands with glycogen storage disorder and mitochondrial-related disease. Our study underscored the significance of streamlining ES or expanding cardiomyopathy-related gene panels to identify plausible phenocopies of sarcomere-related cardiomyopathies. Our findings also pointed out the need for genetic testing in patients with cardiomyopathy and their at-risk family members. This can potentially lead to better management strategies, enabling early interventions, and ultimately enhancing their prognosis. Finally, our findings provide an initial contribution to the currently absent knowledge about the molecular underpinnings of cardiomyopathies in Jordan.","['D006801', 'D007597', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012518', 'D002648', 'D009202', 'D010375', 'D002675', 'D000073359', 'D007223', 'D010641', 'D000293', 'D009154', 'D005820']"
38956063,HVSMR-2.0: A 3D cardiovascular MR dataset for whole-heart segmentation in congenital heart disease.,"Patients with congenital heart disease often have cardiac anatomy that deviates significantly from normal, frequently requiring multiple heart surgeries. Image segmentation from a preoperative cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) scan would enable creation of patient-specific 3D surface models of the heart, which have potential to improve surgical planning, enable surgical simulation, and allow automatic computation of quantitative metrics of heart function. However, there is no publicly available CMR dataset for whole-heart segmentation in patients with congenital heart disease. Here, we release the HVSMR-2.0 dataset, comprising 60 CMR scans alongside manual segmentation masks of the 4 cardiac chambers and 4 great vessels. The images showcase a wide range of heart defects and prior surgical interventions. The dataset also includes masks of required and optional extents of the great vessels, enabling fairer comparisons across algorithms. Detailed diagnoses for each subject are also provided. By releasing HVSMR-2.0, we aim to encourage development of robust segmentation algorithms and clinically relevant tools for congenital heart disease.","['D006801', 'D006330', 'D008279', 'D006321', 'D021621', 'D000465']"
38955951,Detectability of intracranial vessel wall atherosclerosis using black-blood spectral CT: a phantom and clinical study.,"Computed tomography (CT) is the usual modality for diagnosing stroke, but conventional CT angiography reconstructions have limitations.","['D006801', 'D019047', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D002537', 'D000368', 'D000072226', 'D012680', 'D020521', 'D014057']"
38955757,[The innovation and challenge of artificial intelligence in the whole process management of fundus disease].,"Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated revolutionary potential and wide-ranging applications in the comprehensive management of fundus diseases, yet it faces challenges in clinical translation, data quality, algorithm interpretability, and cross-cultural adaptability. AI has proven effective in the efficient screening, accurate diagnosis, personalized treatment recommendations, and prognosis prediction for conditions such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and other fundus diseases. However, there is a significant gap between the need for large-scale, high-quality, and diverse datasets and the limitations of current research data. Additionally, the black-box nature of AI algorithms, the acceptance by clinicians and patients, and the generalizability of these algorithms pose barriers to their widespread clinical adoption. Researchers are addressing these challenges through approaches such as federated learning, standardized data collection, and prospective trials to enhance the robustness, interpretability, and practicality of AI systems. Despite these obstacles, the benefits of AI in fundus disease management are substantial. These include improved screening efficiency, support for personalized treatment, the discovery of novel disease characteristics, and the development of precise treatment strategies. Moreover, AI facilitates the advancement of telemedicine through 5G and the Internet of Things. Future research should continue to tackle existing issues, fully leverage the potential of AI in the prevention and treatment of fundus diseases, and advance intelligent, precise, and remote ophthalmic services to meet global eye health needs.","['D006801', 'D001185', 'D012164', 'D005654', 'D003930', 'D000465', 'D017216', 'D008268']"
38955750,[Correlation between arousal threshold and occurrence of hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome].,"Objective: To investigate the relationship between arousal threshold (ArTH) and hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSA). Methods: This study recruited 648 patients diagnosed with OSA at the Sleep Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2020 to August 2021, including 569 males and 79 females, aged 42(35,52) years. The basic demographic information and clinical data of all patients were collected, including blood pressure measurement, and relevant questionnaire scores, and nocturnal polysomnography (PSG) parameters. A clinical predictive model based on sleep apnea hypopnea index (AHI), lowest pulse oxygen saturation (LSpaO2) and hypopnea ratio (FHypopneas) was used to access the arousal threshold of OSA patients. Patients were divided into OSA group and OSA with hypertension group according to whether they were combined with hypertension. The differences in the above indexes between the two groups were analyzed to explore the relationship between arousal threshold and hypertension in OSA patients, using a binary logistic stepwise regression analysis. Results: A total of 648 OSA patients were enrolled, including 415 in the OSA with hypertension group and 233 in the OSA group. Compared with OSA group, OSA with hypertension group had older age, higher body mass index (BMI), higher blood pressure at bedtime and at awakening, higher AHI and lower proportion of hypopnea (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences between other general data and PSG parameters (all P>0.05). The proportion of patients with low arousal threshold (AHI<30 events per hour, LSpO2>82.5%, Fhypopneas>58.3%) in OSA with hypertension group was lower, and the proportion of phenotypic patients with low arousal threshold was significantly lower (30.1% vs. 52.4% P<0.001). Binary logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that the high arousal threshold (OR=1.930, 95%CI:1.326-2.808, P=0.001) was an independent risk factor for OSA complicated with hypertension. Conclusion: The arousal threshold is associated with the development of hypertension in OSA patients, and OSA patients with a high arousal threshold have a higher risk of developing hypertension.","['D006801', 'D020181', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D006973', 'D000328', 'D001143', 'D017286', 'D012307', 'D001794', 'D016015', 'D000089382', 'D011795']"
38955440,Patch angioplasty carotid endarterectomy versus eversion carotid endarterectomy.,To compare carotid endarterectomy patch angioplasty (p-CEA) with eversion carotid endarterectomy (e-CEA) and associated risks of early cardio-cerebrovascular complications.,"['D006801', 'D016894', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D016893', 'D011446', 'D000368', 'D017130', 'D008875', 'D016037', 'D011183', 'D001145']"
38955399,Impact of patient selection in clinical trials: application of ROCKET AF and ARISTOTLE criteria in GARFIELD-AF.,"The extent to which differences in results from Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) and Rivaroxaban Once Daily Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibition Compared with Vitamin K Antagonism for Prevention of Stroke and Embolism Trial (ROCKET) atrial fibrillation (AF)-the landmark trials for the approval of apixaban and rivaroxaban, respectively, for non-valvular AF-were influenced by differences in their protocols is debated. The potential influence of selection criteria on trial results was assessed by emulating these trials in data from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the Field (GARFIELD)-AF registry.","['D006801', 'D001281', 'D065427', 'D018579', 'D020521', 'D011720', 'D011728', 'D000069552', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D016896', 'D012042', 'D000284', 'D012307', 'D016032', 'D018570', 'D000925', 'D014812']"
38955390,Adaptability of prognostic prediction models for patients with acute coronary syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic.,The detrimental repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of care and clinical outcomes for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) necessitate a rigorous re-evaluation of prognostic prediction models in the context of the pandemic environment. This study aimed to elucidate the adaptability of prediction models for 30-day mortality in patients with ACS during the pandemic periods.,"['D006801', 'D054058', 'D000086382', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D011379', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D000069550', 'D000086402', 'D000072657', 'D017023', 'D012372', 'D012042', 'D058873']"
38955383,Near fatal case of Lucio leprosy with Lucio phenomenon with pleomorphic features and its successful management from a non-endemic area.,"Lucio leprosy is a diffuse non-nodular form of lepromatous leprosy. Lucio phenomenon is a type of reactional state which occurs in untreated cases due to the bacillary invasion of endothelial cells. We hereby describe a histopathologically confirmed case of Lucio leprosy with Lucio phenomenon. The patient presented with pleomorphic clinical features and started taking antileprosy treatment and systemic steroids. After few days of admission, she developed deep ulcers exposing the fascia. She also developed cardiogenic shock secondary to septicaemia. She was managed with inotropes and broad-spectrum antibiotics. The patient was given appropriate wound care and the ulcers healed within a period of 3 months and antileprosy drugs were continued. Our patient is a de novo case of Lucio leprosy with Lucio phenomenon and pleomorphic clinical features who developed near fatal septic shock. She was managed successfully. Despite the extensive disease manifestation, all the wounds healed completely.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D015440', 'D012772', 'D007917', 'D000900', 'D012770', 'D008875']"
38955381,Migration of sclerosant material to the left renal vein following coil embolisation of a varicocele.,"Percutaneous testicular varicocele embolisation for symptomatic and subfertile males is often preferred over surgical ligation of the gonadal vein due to its minimally invasive approach and reduced complication rate. Glues, coils, vascular plugs, balloons and sclerosants are used in various combinations to achieve sufficient venous occlusion. Here, we report on the first known case of sclerosant material migration beyond the placement of an embolisation coil for treatment of a varicocele, resulting in a left renal vein thrombus. A man in his 20s presented to the emergency department 2 days following uncomplicated left varicocele embolisation with acute left-sided abdominal pain, found to have sclerosant material causing an ipsilateral non-occlusive left renal vein thrombus with extension towards his inferior vena cava on CT. He was treated with 3 months of anticoagulation and follow-up imaging at 3 months showed resolution of this thrombus without renal impairment.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D014646', 'D004621', 'D012082', 'D005548', 'D012597', 'D000328', 'D055815', 'D014057']"
38956266,The association between TSH and thyroid hormones in the normal or subclinical dysfunction range with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.,"Thyroid hormones modulate the cardiovascular system. However, the effects of subclinical thyroid dysfunction and euthyroidism on cardiac function remain unclear. We investigated the association between left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction and subclinical thyroid dysfunction or thyroid hormones within the reference range. This cross-sectional study included 26,289 participants (22,197 euthyroid, 3,671 with subclinical hypothyroidism, and 421 with subclinical thyrotoxicosis) who underwent regular health check-ups in the Republic of Korea. Individuals with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels > 4.2 µIU/mL and normal free thyroxine (FT4, 0.78-1.85 ng/dL) and triiodothyronine (T3, 76-190 ng/dL) levels were defined as having subclinical hypothyroidism. Individuals with serum TSH levels < 0.4 µIU/mL and normal FT4 and T3 levels were defined as having subclinical thyrotoxicosis. The cardiac structure and function were evaluated using echocardiography. LV diastolic dysfunction with normal ejection fraction (EF) was defined as follows: EF of > 50% and (a) E/e' ratio > 15, or (b) E/e' ratio of 8-15 and left atrial volume index ≥ 34 mL/m2. Subclinical hypothyroidism was significantly associated with cardiac indices regarding LV diastolic dysfunction. The odds of having LV diastolic dysfunction was also increased in participants with subclinical hypothyroidism (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.89) compared to euthyroid participants. Subclinical thyrotoxicosis was not associated with LV diastolic dysfunction. Among the thyroid hormones, only serum T3 was significantly and inversely associated with LV diastolic dysfunction even within the normal range. Subclinical hypothyroidism was significantly associated with LV diastolic dysfunction, whereas subclinical thyrotoxicosis was not. Serum T3 is a relatively important contributor to LV diastolic dysfunction compared to TSH or FT4.","['D006801', 'D018487', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D013972', 'D003430', 'D007037', 'D000328', 'D013963', 'D014284', 'D004452', 'D000368', 'D013971', 'D013974', 'D003971', 'D056910']"
38954721,Smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching occurs independent of aortic dilation in bicuspid aortic valve-associated ascending aortas.,"Bicuspid aortic valves (BAV) are frequently associated with ascending aortic aneurysms. The etiology is incompletely understood, but genetic factors, in addition to flow perturbations, are likely involved. Since loss of contractility and elaboration of extracellular matrix in the vessel wall are features of BAV-associated aortopathy, phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) may play a role.","['D006801', 'D001021', 'D000082882', 'D032389', 'D006349', 'D001011', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D010641', 'D005260', 'D004108', 'D000328', 'D016922', 'D002478', 'D000368', 'D000199', 'D001014', 'D014746']"
38954674,The feasibility of delivering cardiac brief intervention to patients following ST-elevation myocardial infarction: Protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial.,"Patients experience emotional distress and hold cardiac misconceptions following ST-elevation myocardial infarction. These issues informed the co-production of Cardiac Brief Intervention with patients and clinicians. The current study will establish a knowledge base for the feasibility of delivering this intervention to patients following ST-elevation myocardial infarction, with a preliminary exploration of impact on associated outcomes (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05848674).","['D006801', 'D010865', 'D000072657', 'D005240', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D009660']"
38954546,"The choroid plexus maintains adult brain ventricles and subventricular zone neuroblast pool, which facilitates poststroke neurogenesis.","The brain's neuroreparative capacity after injuries such as ischemic stroke is partly contained in the brain's neurogenic niches, primarily the subventricular zone (SVZ), which lies in close contact with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) produced by the choroid plexus (ChP). Despite the wide range of their proposed functions, the ChP/CSF remain among the most understudied compartments of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we report a mouse genetic tool (the ROSA26iDTR mouse line) for noninvasive, specific, and temporally controllable ablation of CSF-producing ChP epithelial cells to assess the roles of the ChP and CSF in brain homeostasis and injury. Using this model, we demonstrate that ChP ablation causes rapid and permanent CSF volume loss in both aged and young adult brains, accompanied by disruption of ependymal cilia bundles. Surprisingly, ChP ablation did not result in overt neurological deficits at 1 mo postablation. However, we observed a pronounced decrease in the pool of SVZ neuroblasts (NBs) following ChP ablation, which occurs due to their enhanced migration into the olfactory bulb. In the middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemic stroke, NB migration into the lesion site was also reduced in the CSF-depleted mice. Thus, our study establishes an important role of ChP/CSF in regulating the regenerative capacity of the adult brain under normal conditions and after ischemic stroke.","['D000818', 'D002831', 'D055495', 'D051379', 'D020547', 'D058953', 'D020521', 'D008297', 'D002465', 'D002552']"
38954543,Pia-FLOW: Deciphering hemodynamic maps of the pial vascular connectome and its response to arterial occlusion.,"The pial vasculature is the sole source of blood supply to the neocortex. The brain is contained within the skull, a vascularized bone marrow with a unique anatomical connection to the brain meninges. Recent developments in tissue clearing have enabled detailed mapping of the entire pial and calvarial vasculature. However, what are the absolute flow rate values of those vascular networks? This information cannot accurately be retrieved with the commonly used bioimaging methods. Here, we introduce Pia-FLOW, a unique approach based on large-scale transcranial fluorescence localization microscopy, to attain hemodynamic imaging of the whole murine pial and calvarial vasculature at frame rates up to 1,000 Hz and spatial resolution reaching 5.4 µm. Using Pia-FLOW, we provide detailed maps of flow velocity, direction, and vascular diameters which can serve as ground-truth data for further studies, advancing our understanding of brain fluid dynamics. Furthermore, Pia-FLOW revealed that the pial vascular network functions as one unit for robust allocation of blood after stroke.","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D006439', 'D010841', 'D063132', 'D002560', 'D001921', 'D012886', 'D020521', 'D008297', 'D008810']"
38954426,Procedural and Intermediate-term Results of the Electroanatomical-guided Cardioneuroablation for the Treatment of Supra-Hisian Second- or Advanced-degree Atrioventricular Block: the PIRECNA multicentre registry.,Prior case series showed promising results for cardioneuroablation in patients with vagally induced atrioventricular blocks (VAVBs). We aimed to examine the acute procedural characteristics and intermediate-term outcomes of electroanatomical-guided cardioneuroablation (EACNA) in patients with VAVB.,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012042', 'D012189', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D016896', 'D054537', 'D017115', 'D013997', 'D055536', 'D022062', 'D013575', 'D012008', 'D001283']"
38954153,Dural arteriovenous fistulas in the falx cerebri: case series and literature review.,"Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) within the falx cerebri are infrequently documented and may be linked with the falcine sinus/venous plexus. The falcine sinus/venous plexus, often regarded as a normal venous structure, can exhibit pathological characteristics, differing from the persistent fetal falcine sinus. A retrospective analysis was conducted at a single center to identify all cases of DAVFs within the falx cerebri spanning from 2002 to 2022. Demographic data, fistula features, treatment modalities, clinical outcomes, and fistula closure were collected and analyzed. Additionally, relevant literature on DAVFs in this location was reviewed. Ten cases were identified at our center, supplemented by 13 cases reported in the literature. In our cohort, patients had an average age of 49.4 ± 8.1 years, with a male predominance of 90%. Trans-arterial embolization (TAE) alone achieved immediate complete occlusion in eight cases, while conservative treatment was pursued in two cases. No treatment-related complications or fistula recurrences were observed. In the literature, seven patients underwent direct surgery, three underwent TAE, and one underwent both direct surgery and radiosurgery for complete fistula closure. No instances of fistula recurrence or treatment complications were reported. Dural arteriovenous fistulas within the falx cerebri are rare, with limited literature available. They typically present as aggressive lesions. Treatment options include direct surgery or TAE. However, due to a lack of long-term DSA follow-up, the cure and recurrence rates are unknown for endovasdcular therapy. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the involvement of the falcine sinus/venous plexus in falx cerebri DAVFs.","['D006801', 'D020785', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D004621', 'D004388', 'D012189', 'D016896', 'D000368']"
38954025,"The impact of continuous lenalidomide maintenance treatment on people living with multiple myeloma-a single-centre, qualitative service evaluation study.","Continuous lenalidomide maintenance treatment after autologous stem cell transplantation delivers improvement in progression free and overall survival among newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients and has been the standard of care in the UK since March 2021. However, there is scant information about its impact on patients' day-to-day lives. This service evaluation aimed to qualitatively assess patients receiving lenalidomide treatment at a cancer centre in London, in order that the service might better align with needs and expectations of patients.","['D006801', 'D009101', 'D000077269', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D036301', 'D008131', 'D060046', 'D007407', 'D011788', 'D014182', 'D000970']"
38954011,Preoperative risk factors for 90-day postoperative mortality outcome in patients with non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia.,"The mortality rate for non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia remains high even after patients survive the acute postoperative period with tremendous treatment efforts, including emergency surgery, which is challenging. The aim of this study was to explore the preoperative risk factors for 90-day postoperative mortality in patients with non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D065666', 'D012189', 'D000368', 'D012307', 'D008875', 'D011183', 'D000369', 'D015331', 'D057234']"
38953911,"Sex disparities in hypertension prevalence, blood pressure trajectories and the effects of anti-hypertensive treatment.","Sex differences in blood pressure (BP), hypertension and hypertension mediated cardiovascular complications have become an increasingly important focus of attention. This narrative review gives an overview of current studies on this topic, with the aim to provide a deeper understanding of the sex-based disparities in hypertension with essential insights for refining prevention and management strategies for both men and women.","['D006801', 'D006973', 'D005260', 'D000959', 'D015995', 'D008297', 'D001794', 'D012737']"
38953807,Socioeconomic and Geographical Inequities in Burden and Treatment seeking Behavior for Hypertension among Women in the Reproductive Age (15-45 years) Group in India: Findings from a Nationally Representative Survey.,Socioeconomic disparity changed healthcare seeking and management cascade of hypertension due to inequity in hypertension care cascade pathway.,"['D006801', 'D006973', 'D005260', 'D007194', 'D000293', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D012959', 'D055815', 'D010342', 'D054625', 'D006306', 'D015995']"
38953757,Improvements in edema and microcirculation in chronic venous insufficiency with Pycnogenol® or elastic compression.,Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is the consequence of venous valve reflux and/or venous flow obstruction and resulting venous hypertension in the lower extremities. The aim of this prospective supplement registry study was to evaluate the efficacy of compression stockings or Pycnogenol® in controlling symptoms and edema in CVI and their efficacy on microcirculatory parameters.,"['D006801', 'D014689', 'D005419', 'D008833', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D010936', 'D053828', 'D004487', 'D011446', 'D002908', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D016896', 'D012042']"
38953595,Real-World Clinical Performance of a Novolimus-Eluting Stent Versus a Sirolimus-Eluting Stent.,"The DESyne novolimus-eluting coronary stent (NES) is a new-generation drug-eluting stent (DES) that is widely used, but clinical data are rarely reported for this stent. We compared the safety and effectiveness of the DESyne NES and the Orsiro bioresorbable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).","['D006801', 'D054855', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D020123', 'D012189', 'D000368', 'D062645', 'D016896', 'D011474', 'D003324', 'D013997', 'D005500', 'D054058', 'D012307', 'D008875', 'D017023', 'D018942']"
38953365,Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With and Without Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized-Controlled Trials.,"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have shown encouraging results regarding cardiovascular outcomes mainly in patients with diabetes. In the present study, we compared the efficacy of GLP-1 RAs in cardiovascular events between patients with and without diabetes.","['D006801', 'D000067757', 'D016032', 'D002318', 'D007004', 'D003924', 'D012307', 'D018570', 'D016896', 'D054795', 'D000097789']"
38953314,Papillary Muscle Infarction by Cardiac MRI in Patients With Mitral Regurgitation.,"Papillary muscle (PM) infarction (PMI) detected by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is associated with poor outcomes. Whether PM parameters provide more value for mitral regurgitation (MR) management currently remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the prognostic value of PMI using CMR in patients with MR.","['D006801', 'D008944', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D010210', 'D012189', 'D008875', 'D019028', 'D009203', 'D011379', 'D005500', 'D000368']"
38953273,[Tumor-Like Primary Central Nervous System Vasculitis With Spina Involvement:Report of One Case].,"Primary central nervous system vasculitis (PACNS) is a vasculitic disorder affecting small to medium-sized blood vessels primarily in the central nervous system,involving the brain,spinal cord,and meninges.Tumor-like PNCAS,a rare subtype of PACNS,is often misdiagnosed as intracranial malignancy,and that with spinal cord involvement is even more uncommon.The lack of specific clinical symptoms and imaging manifestations poses a challenge to the diagnosis of PACNS.This report presents a case of tumor-like PACNS with spinal cord involvement based on the pathological evidence,aiming to enrich the knowledge about this condition.","['D006801', 'D020293', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D013116', 'D008875']"
38953268,[Lysine Succinylation:A New Perspective in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases].,"With the continuous development of identification technologies such as mass spectrometry,omics,and antibody technology,post-translational modification (PTM) has demonstrated increasing potential in medical research.PTM as a novel chemical modification method provides new perspectives for the research on diseases.Succinylation as a novel modification has aroused the interest of more and more researchers.The available studies about succinylation mainly focus on a desuccinylase named sirtuin 5.This enzyme plays a key role in modification and has been preliminarily explored in cardiovascular studies.This paper summarizes the influencing factors and regulatory roles of succinylation and the links between succinylation and other PTMs and reviews the research progress of PTMs in the cardiovascular field,aiming to deepen the understanding about the role of this modification and give new insights to the research in this field.","['D002318', 'D006801', 'D008239', 'D011499', 'D019802']"
38953263,[Application Value of Exercise Therapy in the Prevention and Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease].,"Cardiovascular diseases,such as coronary heart disease (CHD),are the main causes of death in humans.Cardiac rehabilitation with exercise therapy as the core contents is a rehabilitation program specially designed for the patients with cardiovascular diseases,aiming to help the patients improve their physical functions and return to social activities as soon as possible.Active cardiac rehabilitation can not only reduce the morbidity and mortality of CHD and improve the cardiopulmonary function of patients but also reduce the medical and economic burden.This article summarizes the effect of physical function on CHD patients,the current application mode of exercise therapy in cardiac rehabilitation,and the formulation principles of different exercise prescriptions in cardiac rehabilitation,aiming to provide a reference for the application of exercise therapy in CHD patients.","['D006801', 'D005081', 'D003327', 'D000072038']"
38953261,[Bibliometrics Analysis of Studies on Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy From 2018 to 2022].,"Objective To analyze the research progress and hot topics in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from 2018 to 2022.Methods The publications in the field of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from January 1,2018 to December 31,2022 were retrieved from Web of Science core collection database and included for a bibliometric analysis.Results A total of 6355 publications were included,with an average citation frequency of 7 times.The year 2021 witnessed the most publications (1406).The analysis with VOSviewer showed that the research on sudden death related to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,especially the predictive value of late gadolinium-enhanced cardiac MRI in sudden death,was a hot topic.In addition,gene detection and the new drug mavacamten became hot research topics.The United States was the country with the largest number of publications and the highest citation frequency in this field.Chinese scholars produced the second largest number of publications,which,however,included few high-quality research results.Conclusions Risk stratification and prevention of sudden death is still an important and hot research content in the field of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.Chinese scholars should carry out multi-center cooperation in the future to improve the research results.","['D002312', 'D006801', 'D015706', 'D016757', 'D011642', 'D002681']"
38953134,Assessing the appropriateness and completeness of ChatGPT-4's AI-generated responses for queries related to diabetic retinopathy.,To evaluate the appropriateness of responses generated by an online chat-based artificial intelligence (AI) model for diabetic retinopathy (DR) related questions.,"['D003930', 'D006801', 'D003430', 'D001185', 'D011795']"
38953035,Functional autoantibodies against G protein-coupled receptors in hepatic and pulmonary hypertensions in human schistosomiasis.,"Schistosomiasis (SM) is a parasitic disease caused by Schistosoma mansoni. SM causes chronic inflammation induced by parasitic eggs, with collagen/fibrosis deposition in the granuloma process in the liver, spleen, central nervous system, kidneys, and lungs. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a clinical manifestation characterized by high pressure in the pulmonary circulation and right ventricular overload. This study investigated the production of functional autoantibodies (fAABs) against the second loop of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) in the presence of hepatic and PAH forms of human SM.","['D001323', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D043562', 'D051381', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D006976', 'D008875', 'D032383', 'D012555', 'D012550', 'D012552']"
38952676,Advanced Nanomedicine Approaches for Myocardial Infarction Treatment.,"Myocardial infarction, usually caused by the rupture of atherosclerotic plaque, leads to irreversible ischemic cardiomyocyte death within hours followed by impaired cardiac performance or even heart failure. Current interventional reperfusion strategies for myocardial infarction still face high mortality with the development of heart failure. Nanomaterial-based therapy has made great progress in reducing infarct size and promoting cardiac repair after MI, although most studies are preclinical trials. This review focuses primarily on recent progress (2016-now) in the development of various nanomedicines in the treatment of myocardial infarction. We summarize these applications with the strategy of mechanism including anti-cardiomyocyte death strategy, activation of neovascularization, antioxidants strategy, immunomodulation, anti-cardiac remodeling, and cardiac repair.","['D009203', 'D006801', 'D050997', 'D000818', 'D032383', 'D000975', 'D049329', 'D018919']"
38952641,Intra-operative Risk Factors Affecting Mortality after Heart Transplantation: A Referral Center Experience in Iran.,Heart transplantation is the preferred treatment for end-stage heart failure. This study investigated the intra-operative risk factors affecting post-transplantation mortality.,"['D006801', 'D016027', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012307', 'D012189', 'D007492', 'D002648', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D010359', 'D000293', 'D002675', 'D012086', 'D055815', 'D011183', 'D006333']"
38952640,Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in Children: The Relationship between Plasma Renin Activity and Hypertension.,Children with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) have a higher chance of hypertension. The likelihood of hypertension is higher in CAH children who get fludrocortisone medication and have an over-suppression. Plasma renin activity (PRA) is a sensitive indicator when the fludrocortisone dose is insufficient. The objective of this study is to assess the relationship between plasma renin activity with hypertension in 21-hydroxylase-deficient (21-OHD) CAH children.,"['D006801', 'D000312', 'D012083', 'D002648', 'D006973', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D003430', 'D002675', 'D000293', 'D006854', 'D007223', 'D007214', 'D005438']"
38952636,Pulmonary Capillary Hemangiomatosis as a Rare Underlying Cause of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension: A Case Report in an Adolescent.,"Despite its rarity, pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH) presents a significant diagnostic challenge. Due to its similarity to other pulmonary vascular diseases, such as pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, it is characterized by abnormal pulmonary capillary proliferation, which is a rare cause of primary pulmonary hypertension. This case was the first reported instance of PCH in Shahid Rajaee Heart Hospital in Tehran, Iran, in 2023, which was confirmed by genetic testing. It highlighted the importance of considering PCH among the differential diagnoses for pulmonary hypertension, even in adolescent patients. The 13-year-old patient's main complaints were progressive exertional dyspnea and chest pain. He had no previous medical history and had not taken any pharmaceutical or herbal medications. Critical clinical findings included a heart murmur, an electrocardiogram revealing right ventricular hypertrophy, and echocardiogram evidence of pulmonary hypertension. The main diagnosis was PCH, as shown by CT findings of pulmonary artery dilatation and diffuse nodular ground glass opacities. Genetic tests indicated pathogenic EIF2AK4 mutations and suspicion of PCH. Therapeutic intervention included vasodilator therapy, which exacerbated the patient's condition. This case emphasized the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for rare causes of pulmonary hypertension, such as PCH. The outcome was to prepare the patient for lung transplantation. To differentiate PCH from other pulmonary vascular diseases, a combination of clinical presentation, radiologic studies, genetic analysis, and response to treatment is required to determine appropriate management, particularly lung transplantation.","['D006801', 'D000293', 'D008297', 'D018324', 'D006976', 'D008175', 'D017346']"
38952394,Insulin resistance in the retina: possible implications for certain ocular diseases.,"Insulin resistance (IR) is becoming a worldwide medical and public health challenge as an increasing prevalence of obesity and metabolic disorders. Accumulated evidence has demonstrated a strong relationship between IR and a higher incidence of several dramatically vision-threatening retinal diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. In this review, we provide a schematic overview of the associations between IR and certain ocular diseases and further explore the possible mechanisms. Although the exact causes explaining these associations have not been fully elucidated, underlying mechanisms of oxidative stress, chronic low-grade inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and vasoconstriction, and neurodegenerative impairments may be involved. Given that IR is a modifiable risk factor, it may be important to identify patients at a high IR level with prompt treatment, which may decrease the risk of developing certain ocular diseases. Additionally, improving IR through the activation of insulin signaling pathways could become a potential therapeutic target.","['D006801', 'D007333', 'D012160', 'D003930', 'D000818', 'D012164', 'D005128', 'D018384', 'D008268', 'D005901', 'D012307']"
38952279,Estimated small dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and the risk of kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic kidney disease.,"This study aimed to investigate the correlations between estimated small dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (esd-LDL-c) and the development of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) or diabetes mellitus (DM) concomitant chronic kidney disease (CKD).","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D003928', 'D008078', 'D007676', 'D002681', 'D002318', 'D012307', 'D000368', 'D009749', 'D000328', 'D015994', 'D051436']"
38952215,Robot-Assisted MIDCAB Using Bilateral Internal Thoracic Artery: A Propensity Score-Matched Study With OPCAB Patients.,Robot-assisted minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (RA-MIDCAB) is an attractive strategy for coronary revascularization. Growing evidence supports the use of total arterial grafting in coronary surgery. We evaluated total arterial left-sided coronary revascularization with bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA) using RA-MIDCAB and compared it with a propensity score-matched (PSM) off-pump CAB (OPCAB) surgery population.,"['D006801', 'D065287', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D057216', 'D047549', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D008323', 'D007902', 'D016896', 'D003324', 'D001026', 'D061646', 'D019060', 'D011183']"
38952092,[Imaging for displaying lymphatic vessels in whole-mount aorta adventitia of ApoE-/- mice by immunofluorescent histochemical staining].,"Objective To explore a simple and feasible method for whole-mount immunofluorescence staining of lymphatic vessels in the ApoE-/- mouse model of atherosclerosis. Methods Aortic specimens were carefully excised from the ApoE-/- mouse model. Following immunostaining with specific antibodies against smooth muscle actin (SMA) and lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor 1 (LYVE1), the aortas, including the aortic root, were subjected to a 30-minute treatment with 5 g/L Sudan Black B solution. This step was instrumental in minimizing the autofluorescent background of the tissue. Thereafter, the aortas were processed through a clearing protocol and imaged within a purpose-built chamber under a fluorescence microscope. Results The pretreatment with 5 g/L Sudan Black B effectively suppressed the autofluorescent signals emanating from the vascular structures, thereby enhancing the contrast and clarity of the specific fluorescence signals associated with the lymphatic vessels. This enhancement in signal quality did not compromise the integrity or specificity of the immunofluorescent markers. Conclusion A facile, highly specific, and effective approach for the visualization of lymphatic vessels in whole-mount aortic preparations from ApoE-/- mice is established.","['D000818', 'D042601', 'D051379', 'D001011', 'D001057', 'D005455', 'D063194', 'D050197', 'D008297', 'D008810', 'D018345', 'D013194', 'D008856']"
38951938,A bibliometric study related to the treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion Injury.,"Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is defined as the restoration of blood flow to the myocardium after a brief interruption of blood supply, causing more severe damage to the ischemic myocardium. However, currently, reperfusion therapy is the preferred therapy for ischemic cardiomyopathy, which undoubtedly causes MIRI, and thus it has become a challenging issue affecting the prognosis of coronary artery disease.","['D015706', 'D006801', 'D015428']"
38951901,Long-term outcomes of TEVAR for thoracic aortic diseases: a retrospective single-center study.,"The outcomes of Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR) vary depending on thoracic aortic pathologies, comorbidities. This study presents our comprehensive endovascular experience, focusing on exploring the outcome in long term follow-up.","['D006801', 'D012189', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D057510', 'D001013', 'D000368', 'D019917', 'D016896', 'D001018', 'D011183', 'D000328', 'D017545', 'D005500', 'D013997', 'D000094682']"
38951895,Roles of non-coding RNA in diabetic cardiomyopathy.,"In recent years, the incidence of diabetes has been increasing rapidly, posing a serious threat to human health. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, apoptosis, ventricular remodeling, and cardiac dysfunction in individuals with diabetes, ultimately leading to heart failure and mortality. However, the underlying mechanisms contributing to DCM remain incompletely understood. With advancements in molecular biology technology, accumulating evidence has shown that numerous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) crucial roles in the development and progression of DCM. This review aims to summarize recent studies on the involvement of three types of ncRNAs (micro RNA, long ncRNA and circular RNA) in the pathophysiology of DCM, with the goal of providing innovative strategies for the prevention and treatment of DCM.","['D006801', 'D058065', 'D000818', 'D000079962', 'D062085', 'D035683', 'D005786', 'D022661', 'D015398', 'D009206']"
38951893,Long-term outcomes of IVUS-guided and angiography-guided drug-eluting stent implantation for left main coronary artery disease: a retrospective consort study.,"In patients with unprotected left main coronary artery disease (ULMCAD), this study compared the long-term prognosis of drug-eluting stent insertion guided by intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) vs. angiography.","['D006801', 'D054855', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D018084', 'D012189', 'D003324', 'D017023', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D062645', 'D016896']"
38951889,Balloon atrial septostomy: a weapon to challenge right heart failure after cardiac surgery.,"Right heart failure is a common complication after cardiac surgery, and its mortality remains high. The medical management and veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has shown significant improvement in the majority of cases. However, a minority of patients may still require long-term mechanical circulatory support or heart transplantation. Balloon atrial septostomy is a new method for the prevention and treatment of right heart failure, which may avoid the patient's dependence on mechanical circulatory support. We used this method to try to treat patients with right heart failure after cardiac surgery, and all received good benefits. Therefore, we selected several representative cases to report, in order to guide other qualified cardiac surgeons to carry out relevant clinical practice.","['D006801', 'D006333', 'D008297', 'D006348', 'D005260', 'D011183', 'D008875', 'D054087', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D002404', 'D006325']"
38951872,Targeting delivery of miR-146a via IMTP modified milk exosomes exerted cardioprotective effects by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.,"Reperfusion therapy is critical for saving heart muscle after myocardial infarction, but the process of restoring blood flow can itself exacerbate injury to the myocardium. This phenomenon is known as myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), which includes oxidative stress, inflammation, and further cell death. microRNA-146a (miR-146a) is known to play a significant role in regulating the immune response and inflammation, and has been studied for its potential impact on the improvement of heart function after myocardial injury. However, the delivery of miR-146a to the heart in a specific and efficient manner remains a challenge as extracellular RNAs are unstable and rapidly degraded. Milk exosomes (MEs) have been proposed as ideal delivery platform for miRNA-based therapy as they can protect miRNAs from RNase degradation. In this study, the effects of miR-146a containing MEs (MEs-miR-146a) on improvement of cardiac function were examined in a rat model of MIRI. To enhance the targeting delivery of MEs-miR-146a to the site of myocardial injury, the ischemic myocardium-targeted peptide IMTP was modified onto the surfaces, and whether the modified MEs-miR-146a could exert a better therapeutic role was examined by echocardiography, myocardial injury indicators and the levels of inflammatory factors. Furthermore, the expressions of miR-146a mediated NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins were detected by western blotting and qRT-PCR to further elucidate its mechanisms. MiR-146 mimics were successfully loaded into the MEs by electroporation at a square wave 1000 V voltage and 0.1 ms pulse duration. MEs-miR-146a can be up-taken by cardiomyocytes and protected the cells from oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion induced damage in vitro. Oral administration of MEs-miR-146a decreased myocardial tissue apoptosis and the expression of inflammatory factors and improved cardiac function after MIRI. The miR-146a level in myocardium tissues was significantly increased after the administration IMTP modified MEs-miR-146a, which was higher than that of the MEs-miR-146a group. In addition, intravenous injection of IMTP modified MEs-miR-146a enhanced the targeting to heart, improved cardiac function, reduced myocardial tissue apoptosis and suppressed inflammation after MIRI, which was more effective than the MEs-miR-146a treatment. Moreover, IMTP modified MEs-miR-146a reduced the protein levels of IRAK1, TRAF6 and p-p65. Therefore, IMTP modified MEs-miR-146a exerted their anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the IRAK1/TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings suggested miR-146a containing MEs may be a promising strategy for the treatment of MIRI with better outcome after modification with ischemic myocardium-targeted peptide, which was expected to be applied in clinical practice in future.","['D000818', 'D035683', 'D015428', 'D055354', 'D016328', 'D015398', 'D051381', 'D017207', 'D008297', 'D008892', 'D009206', 'D002316', 'D032383']"
38951808,Nonlinear association between atherogenic index of plasma and type 2 diabetes mellitus in overweight and obesity patients: evidence from Chinese medical examination data.,"The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is closely associated with the onset of diabetes, with obesity being a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the association between the AIP and T2DM in overweight and obese populations has been infrequently studied. Therefore, this study aimed to explore this association in overweight and obese individuals with T2DM.","['D000328', 'D000368', 'D005260', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D050197', 'D015415', 'D015992', 'D002681', 'D008076', 'D003430', 'D003924', 'D000095225', 'D009765', 'D050177', 'D011379', 'D018570', 'D012307', 'D014280']"
38951800,Urdu translation and cross-cultural validation of the stroke self-efficacy questionnaire.,The Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ) measures the self-confidence of the individual in functional activities after a stroke. The SSEQ is a self-report scale with 13 items that assess self-efficacy after a stroke in several functional domains.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D020521', 'D020377', 'D008875', 'D015203', 'D011795', 'D000368', 'D003431', 'D000328', 'D011594', 'D014177', 'D007802']"
38951773,Pulmonary embolism in patients with chronic coronary syndrome masquerading as acute coronary syndrome: a case report and literature review.,"Pulmonary embolisms (PEs) exhibit clinical features similar to those of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), including electrocardiographic abnormalities and elevated troponin levels, which frequently lead to misdiagnoses in emergency situations.","['D006801', 'D011655', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D054058', 'D003937', 'D011237', 'D004562', 'D000072226', 'D000925', 'D017023', 'D002908', 'D016896', 'D003951', 'D015415']"
38951766,Does the implementation of revised American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines improve the identification of stillbirths and preterm births in hypertensive pregnancies: a population-based cohort study from South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.,Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a significant cause of maternal mortality worldwide. The classification and treatment of hypertension in pregnancy remain debated. We aim to compare the effectiveness of the revised 2017 ACC/AHA blood pressure threshold in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D047928', 'D050497', 'D000328', 'D046110', 'D017410', 'D014481', 'D010154', 'D015331', 'D000572', 'D001459', 'D013636', 'D055815', 'D001794', 'D007231', 'D000095143']"
38951749,The association between systemic immune-inflammation index and cardiotoxicity related to 5-Fluorouracil in colorectal cancer.,"The cardiotoxicity related to 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in cancer patients has garnered widespread attention. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) has recently been identified as a novel predictive marker for the development of cardiovascular illnesses in individuals without pre-existing health conditions. However, it remains unclear whether the levels of SII are linked to cardiotoxicity related to 5-FU. This retrospective study aims to fill this knowledge gap by examining the correlation between SII and cardiotoxicity related to 5-FU in a colorectal cancer cohort.","['D006801', 'D005472', 'D015179', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D066126', 'D012189', 'D000368', 'D007249', 'D000964', 'D009000', 'D000328']"
38951736,Exploring the psychosocial burden of foot complications in diabetes: A cross-sectional survey and qualitative interview study in a United Kingdom coastal community.,"Foot complications in diabetes are common and destructive, resulting in substantial healthcare costs and high rates of morbidity. Coastal areas have a significantly higher burden of disease. People with diabetes experience disproportionately high rates of psychological health issues, including anxiety, depression and diabetes distress. These can affect self-management and concordance with preventive measures and treatments of foot complications, negatively impacting on outcomes. Access to psychological health services is variable across the United Kingdom and there is a paucity of high-quality evidence for the effectiveness of treatments for diabetes distress. This study aimed to explore experiences of psychosocial burden and perceptions and experiences of psychosocial support, among patients with diabetes and foot complications living in a coastal area.","['D006801', 'D003430', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D017719', 'D000368', 'D006113', 'D001007', 'D017281', 'D003863', 'D036301', 'D011795', 'D000369']"
38956117,LMBiS-Net: A lightweight bidirectional skip connection based multipath CNN for retinal blood vessel segmentation.,"Blinding eye diseases are often related to changes in retinal structure, which can be detected by analysing retinal blood vessels in fundus images. However, existing techniques struggle to accurately segment these delicate vessels. Although deep learning has shown promise in medical image segmentation, its reliance on specific operations can limit its ability to capture crucial details such as the edges of the vessel. This paper introduces LMBiS-Net, a lightweight convolutional neural network designed for the segmentation of retinal vessels. LMBiS-Net achieves exceptional performance with a remarkably low number of learnable parameters (only 0.172 million). The network used multipath feature extraction blocks and incorporates bidirectional skip connections for the information flow between the encoder and decoder. In addition, we have optimised the efficiency of the model by carefully selecting the number of filters to avoid filter overlap. This optimisation significantly reduces training time and improves computational efficiency. To assess LMBiS-Net's robustness and ability to generalise to unseen data, we conducted comprehensive evaluations on four publicly available datasets: DRIVE, STARE, CHASE_DB1, and HRF The proposed LMBiS-Net achieves significant performance metrics in various datasets. It obtains sensitivity values of 83.60%, 84.37%, 86.05%, and 83.48%, specificity values of 98.83%, 98.77%, 98.96%, and 98.77%, accuracy (acc) scores of 97.08%, 97.69%, 97.75%, and 96.90%, and AUC values of 98.80%, 98.82%, 98.71%, and 88.77% on the DRIVE, STARE, CHEASE_DB, and HRF datasets, respectively. In addition, it records F1 scores of 83.43%, 84.44%, 83.54%, and 78.73% on the same datasets. Our evaluations demonstrate that LMBiS-Net achieves high segmentation accuracy (acc) while exhibiting both robustness and generalisability across various retinal image datasets. This combination of qualities makes LMBiS-Net a promising tool for various clinical applications.","['D012171', 'D006801', 'D016571', 'D000077321', 'D007091', 'D000465']"
38955761,[A preliminary study on the characteristics of refractive parameters and retinal blood flow in dominant eyes].,"Objective: To explore the characteristics of refractive parameters and retinal and choroidal blood flow in dominant and non-dominant eyes. Methods: A cross-sectional study. Students who were 18 to 32 years old and had emmetropia or myopia but no systemic diseases were recruited from universities in Wuhu, Anhui Province from April 2019 to August 2023. They were divided into 4 groups based on the difference in spherical equivalent between two eyes:<0.50 D (group A), 0.50 to 1.74 D (group B), 1.75 to 2.49 D (group C), and≥2.50 D (group D). The card hole method was used to determine the dominant eye. The refractive parameters of both eyes were recorded, including spherical equivalent, myopia degree, astigmatism degree, axial length, and corneal curvature difference (K2-K1). Optical coherence tomography angiography was performed to measure the blood flow density of the superficial retinal capillaries, deep retinal capillaries (DVC), avascular layer (AC), entire retina, choroidal capillaries, and choroidal vessels, as well as the retina and choroid as a whole. Statistical analysis was conducted using the paired sample t-test, chi square test, and variance analysis. Results: A total of 78 eligible subjects, aged (24.50±2.36) years old, 28 males and 50 females, were included. Fifty subjects had the right eye and 28 had the left eye as the dominant eye. Forty-two subjects had high myopia in the dominant eye, and 30 had high myopia in the non-dominant eye. There were statistically significant differences (all P<0.05) in the spherical equivalent [(-4.588±2.534) D vs. (-4.058±2.453) D], myopic spherical power [(-4.253±2.504) D vs. (-3.779±2.425) D], and axial length [(25.531±1.212) mm vs. (25.256±1.238) mm] between dominant and non-dominant eyes among all subjects, as well as in the astigmatism degree of groups A and C, spherical power of groups B to D, and spherical power and axial length of groups C and D. There were also statistically significant differences (all P<0.05) in the blood flow density of the DVC [(0.291±0.130) vs. (0.257±0.148)], AC [(0.347±0.118) vs. (0.326±0.126)], and overall retina and choroid [(0.385±0.102) vs. (0.349±0.084)] between dominant and non-dominant eyes among all subjects, as well as in the blood flow density of the superficial retinal capillaries, DVC, AC, choroidal capillaries, and overall retina and choroid of groups C and D, density of the choroidal vessels of group C, and density of the entire retina of group D. Conclusions: In young individuals with emmetropia or near vision, the degree of myopia in dominant eyes is higher than that in non-dominant eyes. When the difference in the spherical equivalent between two eyes is ≥1.75 D, the blood flow density of the retina and choroid in the dominant eye is greater than that in the non-dominant eye.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D003430', 'D000328', 'D055815', 'D012029', 'D009216', 'D002829', 'D000293', 'D012160', 'D012171', 'D001251', 'D012039']"
38955758,[Can ultra-widefield optical coherence tomography angiography replace traditional fundus angiography].,"Fundus imaging plays a pivotal role in diagnosing retinal and choroidal diseases. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), by capturing signals to reconstruct vascular structures, offers a clear depiction of retinal vasculature with notable advantages such as rapid scanning and non-invasiveness. Although OCTA, due to its underlying principles, cannot dynamically assess vascular function, exploring its future applications and potential to eventually replace traditional fundus angiography remains a key focus in the medical community. OCTA provides multiple parameters that conventional fundus angiography cannot obtain. With the expanding coverage area of OCTA scans and improvements in artifact elimination, the detection rate of various retinal and choroidal diseases has significantly increased, making the widespread clinical application of OCTA an inevitable trend. Although ultra-widefield OCTA cannot yet fully replace angiography in clinical practice, with continued clinical practice, expanded clinical research, and ongoing technological innovation, OCTA is expected to gradually replace fundus angiography in the future.","['D041623', 'D006801', 'D005451', 'D012164', 'D005654', 'D015862', 'D012171']"
38951640,PEX3 promotes regenerative repair after myocardial injury in mice through facilitating plasma membrane localization of ITGB3.,"The peroxisome is a versatile organelle that performs diverse metabolic functions. PEX3, a critical regulator of the peroxisome, participates in various biological processes associated with the peroxisome. Whether PEX3 is involved in peroxisome-related redox homeostasis and myocardial regenerative repair remains elusive. We investigate that cardiomyocyte-specific PEX3 knockout (Pex3-KO) results in an imbalance of redox homeostasis and disrupts the endogenous proliferation/development at different times and spatial locations. Using Pex3-KO mice and myocardium-targeted intervention approaches, the effects of PEX3 on myocardial regenerative repair during both physiological and pathological stages are explored. Mechanistically, lipid metabolomics reveals that PEX3 promotes myocardial regenerative repair by affecting plasmalogen metabolism. Further, we find that PEX3-regulated plasmalogen activates the AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway via the plasma membrane localization of ITGB3. Our study indicates that PEX3 may represent a novel therapeutic target for myocardial regenerative repair following injury.","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D018345', 'D039661', 'D002462', 'D012038', 'D032383', 'D008297', 'D010955', 'D015398', 'D009206', 'D008810', 'D006335', 'D049109', 'D008565']"
38951563,Scattering integral equation formulation for intravascular inclusion biosensing.,"A dielectric waveguide, inserted into blood vessels, supports its basic mode that is being scattered by a near-field intravascular inclusion. A rigorous integral equation formulation is performed and the electromagnetic response from that inhomogeneity is semi-analytically evaluated. The detectability of the formation, based on spatial distribution of the recorded signal, is estimated by considering various inclusion sizes, locations and textural contrasts. The proposed technique, with its variants and generalizations, provides a generic versatile toolbox to efficiently model biosensor layouts involved in healthcare monitoring and disease screening.","['D015374', 'D006801', 'D001808', 'D008962']"
38951500,The chromatin regulator Ankrd11 controls cardiac neural crest cell-mediated outflow tract remodeling and heart function.,"ANKRD11 (Ankyrin Repeat Domain 11) is a chromatin regulator and a causative gene for KBG syndrome, a rare developmental disorder characterized by multiple organ abnormalities, including cardiac defects. However, the role of ANKRD11 in heart development is unknown. The neural crest plays a leading role in embryonic heart development, and its dysfunction is implicated in congenital heart defects. We demonstrate that conditional knockout of Ankrd11 in the murine embryonic neural crest results in persistent truncus arteriosus, ventricular dilation, and impaired ventricular contractility. We further show these defects occur due to aberrant cardiac neural crest cell organization leading to outflow tract septation failure. Lastly, knockout of Ankrd11 in the neural crest leads to impaired expression of various transcription factors, chromatin remodelers and signaling pathways, including mTOR, BMP and TGF-β in the cardiac neural crest cells. In this work, we identify Ankrd11 as a regulator of neural crest-mediated heart development and function.","['D000818', 'D009432', 'D018345', 'D051379', 'D006321', 'D012097', 'D006330', 'D018507', 'D002843', 'D015398', 'D009206', 'D005260']"
38951003,Role of drug-eluting bead bronchial arterial chemoembolisation in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: protocol for a meta-analysis.,Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a poor prognosis. Transvascular intervention is an important approach for treating NSCLC. Drug-eluting bead bronchial artery chemoembolisation (DEB-BACE) is a technique of using DEBs loaded with chemotherapeutic drugs for BACE. This study aims to conduct a meta-analysis to comprehensively assess the effectiveness and safety of DEB-BACE in treating NSCLC and investigate a novel therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.,"['D006801', 'D000970', 'D001981', 'D002289', 'D016461', 'D008175', 'D015201', 'D012107']"
38950006,Clinical features and prediction of long-term survival after surgery for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.,"The treatment of perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) poses specific challenges not only due to its high perioperative complication rates but also due its dismal long-term prognosis with only a few long-term survivors (LTS) among the patients. Therefore, in this analysis characteristics and predictors of LTS in pCCA patients are investigated.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D018285', 'D001650', 'D000368', 'D011379', 'D012189', 'D006498', 'D011169', 'D000328']"
38949242,Predictors of target lesion failure after percutaneous coronary intervention with a drug-coated balloon for de novo lesions.,"There are limited data about determinant factors of target lesion failure (TLF) in lesions after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using a drug-coated balloon (DCB) for de novo coronary artery lesions, including optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D003324', 'D041623', 'D012189', 'D062645', 'D015906', 'D012307', 'D016896', 'D003331', 'D054855', 'D009203']"
38949240,Cerebrovascular events after transcatheter aortic valve implantation.,"Periprocedural stroke after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) remains a significant issue, which is associated with high morbidity, and is increasingly important as intervention shifts to younger and lower-risk populations. Over the last decade of clinical experience with TAVI, the incidence of periprocedural stroke has stayed largely unchanged, although it is prone to underreporting due to variation in ascertainment methods. The aetiology of stroke in TAVI patients is multifactorial, and changing risk profiles, differing study populations, and frequent device iterations have made it difficult to discern consistent risk factors. The objective of this review is to analyse and clarify the contemporary published literature on the epidemiology and mechanisms of neurological events in TAVI patients and evaluate potential preventive measures. This summary aims to improve patient risk assessment and refine case selection for cerebral embolic protection devices, while also providing a foundation for designing future trials focused on stroke prevention.","['D006801', 'D065467', 'D012307', 'D020521', 'D001024', 'D018570', 'D001021', 'D015994', 'D016896', 'D057505']"
38949120,Mechanisms of triple-negative breast cancer extravasation: Impact of the physical environment and endothelial glycocalyx.,"Cancer metastasis is the leading cause of death for those afflicted with cancer. In cancer metastasis, the cancer cells break off from the primary tumor, penetrate nearby blood vessels, and attach and extravasate out of the vessels to form secondary tumors at distant organs. This makes extravasation a critical step of the metastatic cascade. Herein, with a focus on triple-negative breast cancer, the role that the prospective secondary tumor microenvironment's mechanical properties play in circulating tumor cells' extravasation is reviewed. Specifically, the effects of the physically regulated vascular endothelial glycocalyx barrier element, vascular flow factors, and subendothelial extracellular matrix mechanical properties on cancer cell extravasation are examined. The ultimate goal of this review is to clarify the physical mechanisms that drive triple-negative breast cancer extravasation, as these mechanisms may be potential new targets for anti-metastasis therapy.","['D019276', 'D006801', 'D064726', 'D005260', 'D059016', 'D000818', 'D009360', 'D009362', 'D004730']"
38949027,Hearts apart: sex differences in cardiac remodeling in health and disease.,"Biological sex is an important modifier of physiology and influences pathobiology in many diseases. While heart disease is the number one cause of death worldwide in both men and women, sex differences exist at the organ and cellular scales, affecting clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. In this Review, we highlight baseline sex differences in cardiac structure, function, and cellular signaling and discuss the contribution of sex hormones and chromosomes to these characteristics. The heart is a remarkably plastic organ and rapidly responds to physiological and pathological cues by modifying form and function. The nature and extent of cardiac remodeling in response to these stimuli are often dependent on biological sex. We discuss organ- and molecular-level sex differences in adaptive physiological remodeling and pathological cardiac remodeling from pressure and volume overload, ischemia, and genetic heart disease. Finally, we offer a perspective on key future directions for research into cardiac sex differences.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D012727', 'D020257', 'D000818', 'D006331', 'D012739', 'D006321', 'D009206']"
38949021,Keeping it fresh: ribosomal protein SA sustains sarcomeric function via localized translation.,"Mechanical stress from cardiomyocyte contraction causes misfolded sarcomeric protein replacement. Sarcomeric maintenance utilizes localized pools of mRNAs and translation machinery, yet the importance of localized translation remains unclear. In this issue of the JCI, Haddad et al. identify the Z-line as a critical site for localized translation of sarcomeric proteins, mediated by ribosomal protein SA (RPSA). RPSA localized ribosomes at Z-lines and was trafficked via microtubules. Cardiomyocyte-specific loss of RPSA in mice resulted in mislocalized protein translation and caused structural dilation from myocyte atrophy. These findings demonstrate the necessity of RPSA-dependent spatially localized translation for sarcomere maintenance and cardiac structure and function.","['D012518', 'D000818', 'D012269', 'D051379', 'D014176', 'D032383', 'D012270', 'D006801', 'D008870']"
38948938,Aerobic training attenuates cardiac remodeling in mice post-myocardial infarction by inhibiting the p300/CBP-associated factor.,"Aerobic training (AT), an effective form of cardiac rehabilitation, has been shown to be beneficial for cardiac repair and remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). The p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) is one of the most important lysine acetyltransferases and is involved in various biological processes. However, the role of PCAF in AT and AT-mediated cardiac remodeling post-MI has not been determined. Here, we found that the PCAF protein level was significantly increased after MI, while AT blocked the increase in PCAF. AT markedly improved cardiac remodeling in mice after MI by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). In vivo, similar to AT, pharmacological inhibition of PCAF by Embelin improved cardiac recovery and attenuated ERS in MI mice. Furthermore, we observed that both IGF-1, a simulated exercise environment, and Embelin protected from H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte injury, while PCAF overexpression by viruses or the sirtuin inhibitor nicotinamide eliminated the protective effect of IGF-1 in H9C2 cells. Thus, our data indicate that maintaining low PCAF levels plays an essential role in AT-mediated cardiac protection, and PCAF inhibition represents a promising therapeutic target for attenuating cardiac remodeling after MI.","['D000818', 'D050880', 'D009203', 'D051379', 'D020257', 'D008297', 'D010805', 'D008810', 'D032383', 'D059865']"
38948270,[Sanshentongmai Mixture Improves Oxidative Damage in Rat Cardiomyocytes H9C2 via Upregulation of microRNA-146a].,To investigate the effect of Sanshentongmai (SSTM) mixture on the regulation of oxidative damage to rat cardiomyocytes (H9C2) through microRNA-146a and its mechanism.,"['D032383', 'D000818', 'D035683', 'D051381', 'D018384', 'D006861', 'D004365', 'D015854', 'D002470', 'D002460', 'D004338']"
38948204,Novel roles of κ-opioid receptor in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.,"Acute heart attack is the primary cause of cardiovascular-related death worldwide. A common treatment is reperfusion of ischemic tissue, which can cause irreversible damage to the myocardium. The number of mitochondria in cardiomyocytes is large, which generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to sustain proper cardiac contractile function, and mitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role in cell death during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, leading to an increasing number of studies investigating the impact of mitochondria on ischemia-reperfusion injury. The disarray of mitochondrial dynamics, excessive Ca2+ accumulation, activation of mitochondrial permeable transition pores, swelling of mitochondria, ultimately the death of cardiomyocyte are the consequences of ischemia-reperfusion injury. κ-opioid receptors can alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction, regulate mitochondrial dynamics, mitigate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, exert protective effects on myocardium. The mechanism of κ-OR activation during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion to regulate mitochondrial dynamics and reduce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury will be discussed, so as to provide theoretical basis for the protection of ischemic myocardium.","['D015428', 'D017473', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D032383', 'D008929', 'D063154', 'D002118']"
38948064,Deciphering m6A methylation in monocyte-mediated cardiac fibrosis and monocyte-hitchhiked erythrocyte microvesicle biohybrid therapy.,"Rationale: Device implantation frequently triggers cardiac remodeling and fibrosis, with monocyte-driven inflammatory responses precipitating arrhythmias. This study investigates the role of m6A modification enzymes METTL3 and METTL14 in these responses and explores a novel therapeutic strategy targeting these modifications to mitigate cardiac remodeling and fibrosis. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from patients with ventricular septal defects (VSD) who developed conduction blocks post-occluder implantation. The expression of METTL3 and METTL14 in PBMCs was measured. METTL3 and METTL14 deficiencies were induced to evaluate their effect on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced myocardial inflammation and fibrosis. m6A modifications were analyzed using methylated RNA immunoprecipitation followed by quantitative PCR. NF-κB pathway activity and levels of monocyte migration and fibrogenesis markers (CXCR2 and TGF-β1) were assessed. An erythrocyte microvesicle-based nanomedicine delivery system was developed to target activated monocytes, utilizing the METTL3 inhibitor STM2457. Cardiac function was evaluated via echocardiography. Results: Significant upregulation of METTL3 and METTL14 was observed in PBMCs from patients with VSD occluder implantation-associated persistent conduction block. Deficiencies in METTL3 and METTL14 significantly reduced Ang II-induced myocardial inflammation and fibrosis by decreasing m6A modification on MyD88 and TGF-β1 mRNAs. This disruption reduced NF-κB pathway activation, lowered CXCR2 and TGF-β1 levels, attenuated monocyte migration and fibrogenesis, and alleviated cardiac remodeling. The erythrocyte microvesicle-based nanomedicine delivery system effectively targeted inflamed cardiac tissue, reducing inflammation and fibrosis and improving cardiac function. Conclusion: Inhibiting METTL3 and METTL14 in monocytes disrupts the NF-κB feedback loop, decreases monocyte migration and fibrogenesis, and improves cardiac function. Targeting m6A modifications of monocytes with STM2457, delivered via erythrocyte microvesicles, reduces inflammation and fibrosis, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for cardiac remodeling associated with device implantation.","['D006801', 'D008780', 'D009000', 'D005355', 'D008297', 'D000818', 'D016328', 'D004912', 'D000241', 'D005260', 'D008745', 'D051379', 'D053773', 'D055252', 'D007963', 'D000804', 'D023063', 'D020257', 'D009206', 'D050997']"
38946742,Ventricular restoration in adults with huge congenital left ventricular aneurysm: report of two cases.,"Congenital ventricular aneurysms (CVA) are rare cardiac anomalies that have been predominantly described in the Black population. They are characterized by an akinetic ventricular protrusion that is commonly located at the basal and apical segments. Although the diagnosis is often incidental and the majority of patients are asymptomatic, life-threatening events such as persistent ventricular arrhythmias, CVA rupture, and heart failure are not uncommon. However, no standardized therapy is currently available and good outcomes have been reported with both conservative and surgical management. We report the cases of two young Black African patients with huge symptomatic CVA lesions who underwent successful surgical repair with a ventricular restoration technique. Both cases were consulted for chest pain and dyspnea. Chest X-ray and transthoracic Doppler echocardiography suggested the diagnosis. Thoracic angioscanner and thoracic magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis. Both patients underwent successful surgery. This case report aims to revisit the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to this rare pathology, in our professional environment.","['D000328', 'D005260', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D055815', 'D044383', 'D002637', 'D004417', 'D015150', 'D006322', 'D006352', 'D008279', 'D017954']"
38946156,A rare case of giant left sinus of Valsalva aneurysm complicated by thrombus formation.,A rare transthoracic echocardiographic image of left sinus of Valsalva aneurysm complicated by thrombus formation.,"['D006801', 'D012850', 'D013927', 'D001014', 'D004452', 'D008297', 'D003937']"
38946059,Serotonin receptor-mediated vasorelaxation occurs primarily through 5-HT4 activation in bovine lateral saphenous vein.,"To better understand mechanisms of serotonin- (5-HT) mediated vasorelaxation, isolated lateral saphenous veins from cattle were assessed for vasoactivity using myography in response to increasing concentrations of 5-HT or selective 5-HT receptor agonists. Vessels were pre-contracted with 1 × 10-4 M phenylephrine and exposed to increasing concentrations of 5-HT or 5-HT receptor agonists that were selective for 5-HT1B, 5-HT2B, 5-HT4, and 5-HT7. Vasoactive response data were normalized as a percentage of the maximum contractile response induced by the phenylephrine pre-contraction. At 1 × 10-7 M 5-HT, a relaxation was observed with an 88.7% decrease (p < 0.01) from the phenylephrine maximum. At 1 × 10-4 M 5-HT, a contraction was observed with a 165% increase (p < 0.01) from the phenylephrine maximum. Increasing concentrations of agonists selective for 5-HT2B, 5-HT4, or 5-HT7 resulted in a 27%, 92%, or 44% (p < 0.01) decrease from the phenylephrine maximum, respectively. Of these 5-HT receptor agonists, the selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist resulted in the greatest potency (-log EC50) value (6.30) compared with 5-HT2B and 5-HT7 receptor agonists (4.21 and 4.66, respectively). To confirm the involvement of 5-HT4 in 5-HT-mediated vasorelaxation, blood vessels were exposed to either DMSO (solvent control) or a selective 5-HT4 antagonist (1 × 10-5 M) for 5-min prior to the phenylephrine pre-contraction and 5-HT additions. Antagonism of the 5-HT4 receptor attenuated the vasorelaxation caused by 5-HT. Approximately 94% of the vasorelaxation occurring in response to 5-HT could be accounted for through 5-HT4, providing strong evidence that 5-HT-mediated vasorelaxation occurs through 5-HT4 activation in bovine peripheral vasculature.","['D000818', 'D002417', 'D014664', 'D012501', 'D012701', 'D011985', 'D044422', 'D010656', 'D017366', 'D008297']"
38945970,Cardiac Development and Related Clinical Considerations.,"The anatomy, physiology, and hemodynamics of the premature heart vary along the range of gestational ages cared for in neonatal intensive care units, from 22 weeks to term gestation. Clinical management of the preterm neonate should account for this heterogenous development. This requires an understanding of the impact of ex utero stressors on immature and disorganized cardiac tissue, the different state of hemodynamics across intracardiac shunts impacting the natural transition from fetal to neonatal life, and the effects of intensive pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions that have systemic consequences influencing cardiac function. This article provides a review of the increasing but still limited body of literature on the anatomy, hemodynamics, and electrophysiology of the preterm heart with relevant clinical considerations.","['D006801', 'D007231', 'D006321', 'D007234', 'D006439']"
38945894,"The Effects of Adlay Tea Intake on Immune Homeostasis and Vascular Endothelial Function in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Comparative Study.","Excessive immune response and inflammation are associated with an increased risk of various diseases. In particular, excessive myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in neutrophils causes inflammatory reactions and lifestyle-related diseases. Adlay has a long history of being used as a traditional Chinese medicine. Polyphenols present in adlay seeds are expected to have the effect of suppressing excessive immune and inflammatory responses. Here, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the suppressing effects of adlay seeds extract on excessive immune responses. One hundred and twenty adults participated in the study and they were equally divided into an adlay tea intake group and a placebo group. MPO activity was significantly elevated in the placebo group after 8-wk ingestion, while no significant change was observed in the adlay group. Vascular endothelial functions improved in the adlay group, especially in subjects over 40 y old. These results indicate that adlay tea intake may suppress an excessive immune and inflammatory responses, and improve arterial stiffness. Since caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid detected in adlay tea are known to inhibit MPO activity, these polyphenols may be the major functional molecules. Collectively, adlay tea is considered to have a preventative effect against lifestyle-related diseases through improving vascular endothelial function by effects to maintain immune homeostasis of the contained polyphenols. This trial was registered at University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000032263).","['D006801', 'D004311', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D013662', 'D006706', 'D008875', 'D004730', 'D059808', 'D009195', 'D012639', 'D010936', 'D007249', 'D002109', 'D008516']"
38945637,Porto-sinusoidal Vascular Disease and Portal Hypertension.,"Porto-sinusoidal vascular disease (PSVD) is the medical diagnosis for a patient who has portal hypertension in the absence of cirrhosis on liver biopsy. There are several specific histologic findings for PSVD, including obliterative portal venopathy, nodular regenerative hyperplasia, and incomplete septal fibrosis. Epidemiologic reports vary widely among regions; PSVD comprises less than 10% of causes of portal hypertension in Western countries but incidence has been found to be as high as 48% in India. There is an expansive list of etiologies that have been reported to cause PSVD.","['D006801', 'D006975', 'D006504', 'D011169']"
38945636,Radiological and Surgical Treatments of Portal Hypertension.,"Interventions for portal hypertension are continuously evolving and expanding beyond the realm of medical management. When complications such as varices and ascites persist despite conservative interventions, procedures including transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation, transvenous obliteration, portal vein recanalization, splenic artery embolization, surgical shunt creation, and devascularization are all potential interventions detailed in this article. Selection of the optimal procedure to address the underlying cause, treat symptoms, and, in some cases, bridge to liver transplantation depends on the specific etiology of portal hypertension and the patient's comorbidities.","['D006801', 'D006975', 'D019168', 'D004621', 'D011169', 'D004932', 'D013157', 'D011170', 'D016031']"
38945633,Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient: Measurement and Pitfalls.,"Measurement of hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) effectively mirrors the severity of portal hypertension (PH) and offers valuable insights into prognosis of liver disease, including the risk of decompensation and mortality. Additionally, HVPG offers crucial information about treatment response to nonselective beta-blockers and other medications, with its utility demonstrated in clinical trials in patients with PH. Despite the widespread dissemination and validation of noninvasive tests, HVPG still holds a significant role in hepatology. Physicians treating patients with liver diseases should comprehend the HVPG measurement procedure, its applications, and how to interpret the results and potential pitfalls.","['D006801', 'D006975', 'D017082', 'D006503', 'D011379', 'D012720']"
38945632,The Pathophysiology of Portal Hypertension.,"This article reviews the pathophysiology of portal hypertension that includes multiple mechanisms internal and external to the liver. This article starts with a review of literature describing the cellular and molecular mechanisms of portal hypertension, microvascular thrombosis, sinusoidal venous congestion, portal angiogenesis, vascular hypocontractility, and hyperdynamic circulation. Mechanotransduction and the gut-liver axis, which are newer areas of research, are reviewed. Dysfunction of this axis contributes to chronic liver injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and portal hypertension. Sequelae of portal hypertension are discussed in subsequent studies.","['D006975', 'D006801', 'D040542', 'D008103', 'D008099', 'D009389', 'D008102', 'D011169']"
38945540,Clinical evaluation of new bone formation during limb lengthening in children using ultrasound combined with superb microvascular imaging.,"Given the possible radiation damage and inaccuracy of radiological investigations, particularly in children, ultrasound and superb microvascular imaging (SMI) may offer alternative methods of evaluating new bone formation when limb lengthening is undertaken in paediatric patients. The aim of this study was to assess the use of ultrasound combined with SMI in monitoring new bone formation during limb lengthening in children.","['D006801', 'D002648', 'D012189', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002675', 'D000293', 'D014463', 'D010012', 'D001852', 'D002146', 'D007870', 'D055806', 'D011859']"
38944717,Comparative Study on Clinical and Echocardiographic Findings in Ischemic Heart Disease Patients with or without Mitral Annular Calcification in a Tertiary Hospital.,"The presence of bright resonance of more than 1 mm or more cusps of the aortic valve, mitral valve or mitral annulus is termed as cardiac valve calcification. If an intense echo producing structure located at the junction of the atrioventricular groove and posterior mitral valve leaflet on Echocardiography that is Mitral annular calcification (MAC). This study was conducted to observe the association of MAC with clinical and echocardiographic findings of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and the role of trans-thoracic echocardiography to detect MAC which is a marker IHD. In this prospective, observational, case-control study, total of 100 IHD patients, 50 patients with MAC were assigned as case group and 50 patients without MAC were control group after fulfilling inclusion criteria. All the detailed history, clinical examination and relevant investigation reports of each patient were recorded in pre designed data collection sheet. MAC was detected with transthorasic echocardiography. Analysis was done to observe the association and correlation of MAC with clinical findings of IHD. Mean age of the case control was 55.16±10.73 years and control was 49.80±8.84 years. MAC was noted highest about 56.0% in between age 45 to 60 years. Eighty two percent (82.0%) of cases and 84.0% of controls were male, 18.0% of cases and 16.0% of controls were female. BMI among the MAC group 2.0% were underweight, 72.0% normal, 24.0% over weight and 2.0% were obese and among non MAC controls group 10.0% were underweight, 68.0% normal, 20.0% over weight and 2.0% were obese. Clinically among cases 14(28.0%) had Stable angina, 8(16.0%) had UA, 3(6.0%) had Non STEMI, 2(4.0%) had AMI, 2(4.0%) had Recent myocardial infarction and 21(42.0%) had OMI. Diabetes mellitus was significantly higher in the case groups (p=0.006). Significant p-value was noted in hyper-triyglyceridemia and low HDL in case group than control. Echocardiographic studies showed 52.0% of cases and 32.0% of controls had regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA). Transthorasic echocardiographically detected MAC is an independent predictor of Ischemic heart disease. The low cost, portable and radiation free nature of the ultrasound approach make MAC an attractive parameter in the ongoing search for IHD.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D017202', 'D002114', 'D016022', 'D004452', 'D008943', 'D062606', 'D011446', 'D006349', 'D000368', 'D000328']"
38944669,Echocardiographic assessment for cardiopulmonary function in patients with congenital heart disease-related pulmonary arterial hypertension.,"For patients with congenital heart disease-related pulmonary arterial hypertension (CHD-PAH), cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) can reflect cardiopulmonary reserve function. However, CPET may not be readily accessible for patients with high-risk conditions or limited mobility due to disability. Echocardiography, on the other hand, serves as a widely available diagnostic tool for all CHD-PAH patients. This study was aimed to identify the parameters of echocardiography that could serve as indicators of cardiopulmonary function and exercise capacity.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D005080', 'D006330', 'D004452', 'D000328', 'D012372', 'D017079', 'D000081029', 'D010101', 'D008875', 'D055815', 'D006976', 'D011651']"
38944435,Fetal Cardiovascular MR Imaging.,"Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease allows for appropriate planning of delivery and an opportunity to inform families about the prognosis of the cardiac malformation. On occasion, prenatal therapies may be offered to improve perinatal outcomes. While ultrasound is the primary diagnostic method, advances have led to interest in fetal MRI for its potential to aid in clinical decision-making. This review explores technical innovations and the clinical utility of fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), highlighting its role in diagnosing and planning interventions for complex heart conditions. Future directions include the prediction of perinatal physiology and guidance of delivery planning.","['D006801', 'D011247', 'D011296', 'D005260', 'D008279', 'D006330', 'D005318']"
38943481,Utility of the novel fetal heart quantification (fetal HQ) technique in diagnosing ventricular interdependence and biventricular dysfunction in a case of prenatally diagnosed Uhl's anomaly.,Uhl's anomaly is characterized by complete or partial absence of right ventricular myocardium. We describe a case of prenatally diagnosed Uhl's anomaly with biventricular dysfunction which was quantified with speckle tracking echocardiography using a novel fetal heart quantification (fetal HQ) technique.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D016216', 'D005318', 'D006330', 'D004452', 'D000328', 'D006352', 'D002311']"
38943220,"Retinal peri-arteriolar versus peri-venular amyloidosis, hippocampal atrophy, and cognitive impairment: exploratory trial.","The relationship between amyloidosis and vasculature in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis is increasingly acknowledged. We conducted a quantitative and topographic assessment of retinal perivascular amyloid plaque (AP) distribution in individuals with both normal and impaired cognition. Using a retrospective dataset of scanning laser ophthalmoscopy fluorescence images from twenty-eight subjects with varying cognitive states, we developed a novel image processing method to examine retinal peri-arteriolar and peri-venular curcumin-positive AP burden. We further correlated retinal perivascular amyloidosis with neuroimaging measures and neurocognitive scores. Our study unveiled that peri-arteriolar AP counts surpassed peri-venular counts throughout the entire cohort (P < 0.0001), irrespective of the primary, secondary, or tertiary vascular branch location, with a notable increase among cognitively impaired individuals. Moreover, secondary branch peri-venular AP count was elevated in the cognitively impaired (P < 0.01). Significantly, peri-venular AP count, particularly in secondary and tertiary venules, exhibited a strong correlation with clinical dementia rating, Montreal cognitive assessment score, hippocampal volume, and white matter hyperintensity count. In conclusion, our exploratory analysis detected greater peri-arteriolar versus peri-venular amyloidosis and a marked elevation of amyloid deposition in secondary branch peri-venular regions among cognitively impaired subjects. These findings underscore the potential feasibility of retinal perivascular amyloid imaging in predicting cognitive decline and AD progression. Larger longitudinal studies encompassing diverse populations and AD-biomarker confirmation are warranted to delineate the temporal-spatial dynamics of retinal perivascular amyloid deposition in cognitive impairment and the AD continuum.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D060825', 'D006624', 'D001284', 'D000686', 'D000369', 'D012189', 'D008875', 'D058225', 'D012164', 'D012171', 'D009887']"
38943195,Tudor-SN promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation and neonatal heart regeneration through regulating the phosphorylation of YAP.,"The neonatal mammalian heart exhibits considerable regenerative potential following injury through cardiomyocyte proliferation, whereas mature cardiomyocytes withdraw from the cell cycle and lose regenerative capacities. Therefore, investigating the mechanisms underlying neonatal cardiomyocyte proliferation and regeneration is crucial for unlocking the regenerative potential of adult mammalian heart to repair damage and restore contractile function following myocardial injury.","['D000818', 'D032383', 'D012038', 'D010766', 'D049109', 'D000091102', 'D000831', 'D048868', 'D051379', 'D018797', 'D006321', 'D018345', 'D051381']"
38943185,Melt-electrowriting-enabled anisotropic scaffolds loaded with valve interstitial cells for heart valve tissue Engineering.,"Tissue engineered heart valves (TEHVs) demonstrates the potential for tissue growth and remodel, offering particular benefit for pediatric patients. A significant challenge in designing functional TEHV lies in replicating the anisotropic mechanical properties of native valve leaflets. To establish a biomimetic TEHV model, we employed melt-electrowriting (MEW) technology to fabricate an anisotropic PCL scaffold. By integrating the anisotropic MEW-PCL scaffold with bioactive hydrogels (GelMA/ChsMA), we successfully crafted an elastic scaffold with tunable mechanical properties closely mirroring the structure and mechanical characteristics of natural heart valves. This scaffold not only supports the growth of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) within a 3D culture but also fosters the remodeling of extracellular matrix of VICs. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that the introduction of ChsMA improved the hemocompatibility and endothelialization of TEHV scaffold. The in vivo experiments revealed that, compared to their non-hydrogel counterparts, the PCL-GelMA/ChsMA scaffold, when implanted into SD rats, significantly suppressed immune reactions and calcification. In comparison with the PCL scaffold, the PCL-GelMA/ChsMA scaffold exhibited higher bioactivity and superior biocompatibility. The amalgamation of MEW technology and biomimetic design approaches provides a new paradigm for manufacturing scaffolds with highly controllable microstructures, biocompatibility, and anisotropic mechanical properties required for the fabrication of TEHVs.","['D023822', 'D000818', 'D054457', 'D016880', 'D051381', 'D017207', 'D006351', 'D020100', 'D001672', 'D006350', 'D011091', 'D002478', 'D006801', 'D005109', 'D008297']"
38943166,2-year results and myocardial impact of transapical mitral valve repair in patients with primary mitral regurgitation: an echocardiographic study.,There is limited data on the 2-year outcomes of transapical transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TA-TEER) using the ValveClamp in patients with severe primary mitral regurgitation (MR) and its impact on myocardial deformation.,"['D006801', 'D008944', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D008943', 'D008875', 'D019918', 'D016896', 'D004452', 'D012189', 'D006328']"
38943142,Tissue factor regulates autophagy in pulmonary artery endothelial cells from chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension rats via the p38 MAPK-FoxO1 pathway.,"To detect the expression of autophagy components, p38 MAPK (p38) and phosphorylated forkhead box transcription factor O-1 (pFoxO1) in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) rats and to investigate the possible mechanism through which tissue factor (TF) regulates autophagy.","['D000818', 'D001343', 'D048051', 'D011651', 'D051381', 'D008297', 'D042783', 'D017207', 'D002478', 'D013925', 'D006976', 'D011655', 'D002908', 'D015398', 'D000071161']"
38943140,Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors induce anti-inflammatory and anti-ferroptotic shift in epicardial adipose tissue of subjects with severe heart failure.,"Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) are glucose-lowering agents used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which also improve heart failure and decrease the risk of cardiovascular complications. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) dysfunction was suggested to contribute to the development of heart failure. We aimed to elucidate a possible role of changes in EAT metabolic and inflammatory profile in the beneficial cardioprotective effects of SGLT-2i in subjects with severe heart failure.","['D006801', 'D000077203', 'D006333', 'D008875', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D010496', 'D000273', 'D016896', 'D018836', 'D012720', 'D013318', 'D000893', 'D016277', 'D003924', 'D055432', 'D015415', 'D000095543']"
38943106,Echocardiography of persistent fifth aortic arch confirmed by computed tomography angiography or surgery in children: a case series.,The purpose of this study was to review echocardiography-based diagnosis of persistent fifth aortic arch (PFAA) in children.,"['D006801', 'D001013', 'D012189', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000072226', 'D007223', 'D011237', 'D002675', 'D001027', 'D002648', 'D002681', 'D001017', 'D016896', 'D000367', 'D015203', 'D004452']"
38943084,Pulmonary transit time is a predictor of outcomes in heart failure: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance first-pass perfusion study.,Pulmonary transit time (PTT) can be measured automatically from arterial input function (AIF) images of dual sequence first-pass perfusion imaging. PTT has been validated against invasive cardiac catheterisation correlating with both cardiac output and left ventricular filling pressure (both important prognostic markers in heart failure). We hypothesized that prolonged PTT is associated with clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure.,"['D006801', 'D006333', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D011237', 'D013997', 'D011379', 'D016277', 'D055414', 'D013318', 'D012307', 'D011652', 'D020097', 'D010446', 'D011651', 'D018570', 'D016278', 'D008279']"
38942905,Cardiotoxicity of the diamide insecticide chlorantraniliprole in the intact heart and in isolated cardiomyocytes from the honey bee.,"In honey bees, circulation of blood (hemolymph) is driven by the peristaltic contraction of the heart vessel located in the dorsal part of the abdomen. Chlorantraniliprole (CHL) is an insecticide of the anthranilic diamide class which main mode of action is to alter the function of intracellular Ca2+ release channels (known as RyRs, for ryanodine receptors). In the honey bee, it was recently found to be more toxic when applied on the dorsal part of the abdomen, suggesting a direct cardiotoxicity. In the present study, a short-term exposure of semi-isolated bee hearts to CHL (0.1-10 µM) induces alterations of cardiac contraction. These alterations range from a slow-down of systole and diastole kinetics, to bradycardia and cardiac arrest. The bees heart wall is made of a single layer of semi-circular cardiomyocytes arranged concentrically all along the long axis of tube lumen. Since the heart tube is suspended to the cuticle through long tubular muscles fibers (so-called alary muscle cells), the CHL effects in ex-vivo heart preparations could result from the modulation of RyRs present in these skeletal muscle fibers as well as cardiomyocytes RyRs themselves. In order to specifically assess effects of CHL on cardiomyocytes, for the first time, intact heart cells were enzymatically dissociated from bees. Exposure of cardiomyocytes to CHL induces an increase in cytoplasmic calcium, cell contraction at the highest concentrations and depletion of intracellular stores. Electrophysiological properties of isolated cardiomyocytes were described, with a focus on voltage-gated Ca2+ channels responsible for the cardiac action potentials depolarization phase. Two types of Ca2+ currents were measured under voltage-clamp. Exposure to CHL was accompanied by a decrease in voltage-activated Ca2+ currents densities. Altogether, these results show that chlorantraniliprole can cause cardiac defects in honey bees.","['D000818', 'D001516', 'D062367', 'D032383', 'D007306', 'D066126', 'D002118', 'D009200', 'D006321', 'D019837', 'D003958']"
38942831,Amyloid beta is associated with carotid wall echolucency and atherosclerotic plaque composition.,"Circulating amyloid-beta 1-40 (Αb40) has pro-atherogenic properties and could serve as a biomarker in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, the association of Ab40 levels with morphological characteristics reflecting atherosclerotic plaque echolucency and composition is not available. Carotid atherosclerosis was assessed in consecutively recruited individuals without ASCVD (n = 342) by ultrasonography. The primary endpoint was grey scale median (GSM) of intima-media complex (IMC) and plaques, analysed using dedicated software. Vascular markers were assessed at two time-points (median follow-up 35.5 months). In n = 56 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, histological plaque features were analysed. Plasma Αb40 levels were measured at baseline. Ab40 was associated with lower IMC GSM and plaque GSM and higher plaque area at baseline after multivariable adjustment. Increased Ab40 levels were also longitudinally associated with decreasing or persistently low IMC and plaque GSM after multivariable adjustment (p < 0.05). In the histological analysis, Ab40 levels were associated with lower incidence of calcified plaques and plaques without high-risk features. Ab40 levels are associated with ultrasonographic and histological markers of carotid wall composition both in the non-stenotic arterial wall and in severely stenotic plaques. These findings support experimental evidence linking Ab40 with plaque vulnerability, possibly mediating its established association with major adverse cardiovascular events.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D058226', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D015415', 'D016229', 'D002339', 'D014463', 'D059168', 'D002340', 'D016894']"
38942823,Plekhm2 acts as an autophagy modulator in murine heart and cardiofibroblasts.,"Plekhm2 is a protein regulating endosomal trafficking and lysosomal distribution. We recently linked a recessive inherited mutation in PLEKHM2 to a familial form of dilated cardiomyopathy and left ventricular non-compaction. These patients' primary fibroblasts exhibited abnormal lysosomal distribution and autophagy impairment. We therefore hypothesized that loss of PLEKHM2 impairs cardiac function via autophagy derangement. Here, we characterized the roles of Plekhm2 in the heart using global Plekhm2 knockout (PLK2-KO) mice and cultured cardiac cells. Compared to littermate controls (WT), young PLK2-KO mice exhibited no difference in heart function or autophagy markers but demonstrated higher basal AKT phosphorylation. Older PLK2-KO mice had body and heart growth retardation and increased LC3II protein levels. PLK2-KO mice were more vulnerable to fasting and, interestingly, impaired autophagy was noted in vitro, in Plekhm2-deficient cardiofibroblasts but not in cardiomyocytes. PLK2-KO hearts appeared to be less sensitive to pathological hypertrophy induced by angiotensin-II compared to WT. Our findings suggest a role of Plekhm2 in murine cardiac autophagy. Plekhm2 deficiency impaired autophagy in cardiofibroblasts, but the autophagy in cardiomyocytes is not critically dependent on Plekhm2. The absence of Plekhm2 in mice appears to promote compensatory mechanism(s) enabling the heart to manage angiotensin-II-induced stress without detrimental consequences.","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D001343', 'D002478', 'D005347', 'D018345', 'D009206', 'D032383', 'D010766', 'D017346']"
38942790,Subclinical leaflet thrombus in patients with severe aortic stenosis and atrial fibrillation -ENRICH-AF TAVI study.,"Subclinical leaflet thrombosis (SLT) can be one of the causes of transcatheter heart valve (THV) failure after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). We sought to clarify the formation process of SLT and thrombogenicity during the perioperative period of TAVI. This multicenter, prospective, single-arm interventional study enrolled 26 patients treated with edoxaban for atrial fibrillation and who underwent TAVI for severe aortic stenosis between September 2018 and September 2022. We investigated changes in maximal leaflet thickness detected by contrast-enhanced computed tomography between 1 week and 3 months after TAVI in 18 patients and measured the thrombogenicity by Total Thrombus-formation Analysis System (T-TAS) and flow stagnation volume by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) (n = 11). SLT was observed in 16.7% (3/18) at 1 week, but decreased to 5.9% (1/17) at 3 months after TAVI. Patients with SLT at 1 week had a significantly decreased maximal leaflet thickness compared to those without SLT. Thrombogenicity assessed by T-TAS decreased markedly at 1 week and tended to increase at 3 months. The stagnation volume assessed by CFD was positively associated with a higher maximum leaflet thickness. This study showed the course of leaflet thrombus formation and visualization of stagnation in neo-sinus of THV in the acute phase after TAVI.","['D006801', 'D001024', 'D065467', 'D001281', 'D013927', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000369', 'D000368', 'D011446', 'D001021', 'D012720', 'D011725', 'D013844']"
38942727,The endocrine basis of the cardio-renal axis: New perspectives regarding corin.,"The central role of natriuretic peptides (NPs) in the complex cardio-renal integrated physiology and organ failure has been revealed over the last four decades. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), the oldest representative of the NPs family, is produced through conversion of proANP to the mature peptide by corin, a trans-membrane protease localized to the cardiac myocyte membrane. Similarly, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is generated by furin, which cleaves proBNP to BNP in myocytes. Though the components of NPs system, their synthesis and target organs are well established, understanding their role in the interplay between the heart and the kidney is steadily evolving. In this context, Feldman et al. (New England Journal of Medicine, 389, 1685) recently described patients with hypertension, cardiomyopathy, atrial arrhythmia and left atrial fibrosis, associated with a homozygous loss-of-function variant of the gene encoding corin (Cor-/-). Notably, reduced baseline urinary electrolyte and creatinine excretion have been observed in one of the studied patients. This renal excretory functional impairment could be attributed to the lack of cardiac-derived ANP in these patients, as implied by Feldman et al. Yet, in this mini-review we suggest that this aberrant renal manifestation may principally stem from lack of local ANP production at renal tissue, as corin is normally expressed in proximal tubules, Henle's loop and collecting ducts, with locally produced ANP provoking Na+ and water exertion. Collectively, it seems that beside the classic well-established cardio-renal axis, the renal NPs system functions as local endocrine machinery in the regulation of sodium excretion.","['D006801', 'D000818', 'D007668', 'D012697', 'D009320', 'D006321']"
38942582,Beyond Coronary Artery Disease: Assessing the Microcirculation.,"Ischemic heart disease (IHD) affects more than 20 million adults in the United States. Although classically attributed to atherosclerosis of the epicardial coronary arteries, nearly half of patients with stable angina and IHD who undergo invasive coronary angiography do not have obstructive epicardial coronary artery disease. Ischemia with nonobstructive coronary arteries is frequently caused by microvascular angina with underlying coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). Greater understanding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of CMD holds promise to improve clinical outcomes of patients with ischemic heart disease.","['D006801', 'D008833', 'D003324', 'D003326', 'D017202', 'D017023', 'D003331']"
38942521,New Imaging Markers in Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders: Smoldering Inflammation and the Central Vein Sign.,"Concepts of multiple sclerosis (MS) biology continue to evolve, with observations such as ""progression independent of disease activity"" challenging traditional phenotypic categorization. Iron-sensitive, susceptibility-based imaging techniques are emerging as highly translatable MR imaging sequences that allow for visualization of at least 2 clinically useful biomarkers: the central vein sign and the paramagnetic rim lesion (PRL). Both biomarkers demonstrate high specificity in the discrimination of MS from other mimics and can be seen at 1.5 T and 3 T field strengths. Additionally, PRLs represent a subset of chronic active lesions engaged in ""smoldering"" compartmentalized inflammation behind an intact blood-brain barrier.","['D006801', 'D009103', 'D008279', 'D001921', 'D015415', 'D007249', 'D059906', 'D002550']"
38941455,Regulation of blood-brain barrier integrity by Dmp1-expressing astrocytes through mitochondrial transfer.,"The blood-brain barrier (BBB) acts as the crucial physical filtration structure in the central nervous system. Here, we investigate the role of a specific subset of astrocytes in the regulation of BBB integrity. We showed that Dmp1-expressing astrocytes transfer mitochondria to endothelial cells via their endfeet for maintaining BBB integrity. Deletion of the Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) gene in Dmp1-expressing astrocytes inhibited the mitochondrial transfer and caused BBB leakage. In addition, the decrease of MFN2 in astrocytes contributes to the age-associated reduction of mitochondrial transfer efficiency and thus compromises the integrity of BBB. Together, we describe a mechanism in which astrocytes regulate BBB integrity through mitochondrial transfer. Our findings provide innnovative insights into the cellular framework that underpins the progressive breakdown of BBB associated with aging and disease.","['D001253', 'D001812', 'D000818', 'D008928', 'D051379', 'D042783', 'D020558']"
38941441,An old but still valuable technique for popliteal artery stenosis: Endarterectomy via the posterior approach.,"Isolated popliteal artery occlusions are rare compared with femoropopliteal occlusive diseases. Although endovascular procedures have gained importance in treatment, conventional surgery remains the gold standard. In this study, we reviewed popliteal endarterectomy and patch plasty using a posterior approach. Fourteen patients who underwent surgery for isolated popliteal artery occlusions were retrospectively examined. Patients were assessed in terms of age, sex, and risk factors, such as accompanying diseases and smoking, surgical method and anesthesia, incision type, preoperative and postoperative pulse examination, ankle-brachial indices, patency, wound infection, postoperative complications, and the treatment applied. Twelve (85.7%) patients were male, and 2 (14.3%) were female. Limb ischemia was critical (ABI < 0.7) in 11 (78.5%) patients. The average duration of postoperative hospitalization was 8 ± 3.7 days on average, and the average length of follow-up was 17 ± 3.4 months. Thrombosis and complications requiring secondary intervention did not develop during the early postoperative period. While the patency rate in the first 6 months of follow-up was 100%, it was 92.8% in the 1st year and 85.7% in the 2nd year. Surgical treatment with the posterior approach in isolated popliteal artery lesions is preferred by vascular surgeons as a prioritized treatment method, with a sufficient recanalization rate and low perioperative morbidity and mortality rates. Furthermore, it is promising because it does not prevent below-knee femoropopliteal bypass, which is the subsequent stage of treatment. Moreover, the great saphenous vein was protected, and the acceptable early- and mid-term results were encouraging.","['D006801', 'D011150', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D004691', 'D012189', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D001157', 'D003251', 'D016896', 'D011183', 'D014654']"
38941392,Complete dislodgement of a mechanical valve prosthesis: A rare but potentially life-threatening event: a case report.,"Complete dislodgement of a mechanical valve is extremely uncommon as a long-term issue after getting a substitute mitral valve, and this report details an incident of complete detachment of a mechanical valve.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D006350', 'D008944', 'D011475', 'D008943', 'D019918', 'D017548', 'D012770', 'D019560']"
38941316,Predictors of post-pericardiotomy syndrome after native valve-sparing aortic valve surgery.,We aimed to determine the rate and impact of post-pericardiotomy syndrome after native valve-sparing aortic valve surgery and the perioperative factors associated with its occurrence.,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D001021', 'D011185', 'D000368', 'D012307', 'D011183', 'D012189', 'D010492', 'D000328']"
38940987,Computational approaches identify a transcriptomic fingerprint of drug-induced structural cardiotoxicity.,"Structural cardiotoxicity (SCT) presents a high-impact risk that is poorly tolerated in drug discovery unless significant benefit is anticipated. Therefore, we aimed to improve the mechanistic understanding of SCT. First, we combined machine learning methods with a modified calcium transient assay in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to identify nine parameters that could predict SCT. Next, we applied transcriptomic profiling to human cardiac microtissues exposed to structural and non-structural cardiotoxins. Fifty-two genes expressed across the three main cell types in the heart (cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts) were prioritised in differential expression and network clustering analyses and could be linked to known mechanisms of SCT. This transcriptomic fingerprint may prove useful for generating strategies to mitigate SCT risk in early drug discovery.","['D006801', 'D066126', 'D059467', 'D032383', 'D057026', 'D020869', 'D019295', 'D000069550', 'D054715', 'D005347', 'D042783']"
38940757,Comparison of Changes in Retinal Vascular Density and Thickness After Using Low-Level Red Light and 0.01% Atropine in Premyopic Children.,"To compare changes in superficial retinal vascular density (SRVD), deep retinal vascular density (DRVD), and retinal thickness (RT) of the macular zone after repeated low-level red light (RLRL) and 0.01% atropine exposure in premyopic schoolchildren.","['D006801', 'D001285', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002648', 'D011446', 'D012171', 'D009184', 'D041623', 'D009216', 'D009883', 'D010789', 'D000082644', 'D000095742']"
38940410,Renal Denervation Ameliorates Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Regulating Mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum Contact.,"Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) has been improved with drugs and effective reperfusion, but it still cannot be prevented.","['D000818', 'D008297', 'D051381', 'D017208', 'D017209', 'D015428', 'D032383', 'D007668', 'D004195', 'D004721', 'D008928', 'D003714', 'D011897', 'D059865', 'D000096322']"
38940292,Llgl1 mediates timely epicardial emergence and establishment of an apical laminin sheath around the trabeculating cardiac ventricle.,"During heart development, the embryonic ventricle becomes enveloped by the epicardium, which adheres to the outer apical surface of the heart. This is concomitant with onset of ventricular trabeculation, where a subset of cardiomyocytes lose apicobasal polarity and delaminate basally from the ventricular wall. Llgl1 regulates the formation of apical cell junctions and apicobasal polarity, and we investigated its role in ventricular wall maturation. We found that llgl1 mutant zebrafish embryos exhibit aberrant apical extrusion of ventricular cardiomyocytes. While investigating apical cardiomyocyte extrusion, we identified a basal-to-apical shift in laminin deposition from the internal to the external ventricular wall. We find that epicardial cells express several laminin subunits as they adhere to the ventricle, and that the epicardium is required for laminin deposition on the ventricular surface. In llgl1 mutants, timely establishment of the epicardial layer is disrupted due to delayed emergence of epicardial cells, resulting in delayed apical deposition of laminin on the ventricular surface. Together, our analyses reveal an unexpected role for Llgl1 in correct timing of epicardial development, supporting integrity of the ventricular myocardial wall.","['D000818', 'D007797', 'D015027', 'D010496', 'D006352', 'D029961', 'D032383', 'D016764', 'D009154']"
38940266,Adult cardiomyocytes-derived EVs for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.,"Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathological feature of cardiovascular diseases that arises from the hyperactivation of fibroblasts and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, leading to impaired cardiac function and potentially heart failure or arrhythmia. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by cardiomyocytes (CMs) regulate various physiological functions essential for myocardial homeostasis, which are disrupted in cardiac disease. Therefore, healthy CM-derived EVs represent a promising cell-free therapy for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis. To this end, we optimized the culture conditions of human adult CMs to obtain a large yield of EVs without compromising cellular integrity by using a defined combination of small molecules. EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation, and their characteristics were analysed. Finally, their effect on fibrosis was tested. Treatment of TGFβ-activated human cardiac fibroblasts with EVs derived from CMs using our culture system resulted in a decrease in fibroblast activation markers and ECM accumulation. The rescued phenotype was associated with specific EV cargo, including multiple myocyte-specific and antifibrotic microRNAs, although their effect individually was not as effective as the EV treatment. Notably, pathway analysis showed that EV treatment reverted the transcription of activated fibroblasts and decreased several signalling pathways, including MAPK, mTOR, JAK/STAT, TGFβ, and PI3K/Akt, all of which are involved in fibrosis development. Intracardiac injection of CM-derived EVs in an animal model of cardiac fibrosis reduced fibrotic area and increased angiogenesis, which correlated with improved cardiac function. These findings suggest that EVs derived from human adult CMs may offer a targeted and effective treatment for cardiac fibrosis, owing to their antifibrotic properties and the specificity of cargo.","['D032383', 'D006801', 'D000067128', 'D005355', 'D005347', 'D000818', 'D035683', 'D005109', 'D015398', 'D016212', 'D002478', 'D051379', 'D000328']"
38940234,Association of body adiposity with left ventricular concentric remodeling and diastolic dysfunction.,"Obesity is a significant risk factor for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). In this study, we explore the relationships between body mass index (BMI) and adipose tissue compartments such as visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), with respect to left ventricular (LV) structure and function in subjects with preserved LV systolic function.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D020257', 'D050154', 'D000368', 'D004452', 'D008875', 'D018487', 'D003971', 'D006352', 'D015992', 'D000273', 'D016277']"
38940225,Clinical impact of multimodality assessment of myocardial viability.,"Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a prevalent cause of left ventricular dysfunction. Nevertheless, effective elective revascularization, particularly surgical revascularization, can enhance long-term outcomes and, in selected cases, global left ventricular contractility. The assessment of myocardial viability and scars is still relevant in guiding treatment decisions and selecting patients who are likely to benefit most from blood flow restoration. Although the most recent randomized studies challenge the notion of ""hibernating myocardium"" and the clinical usefulness of assessing myocardial viability, the advancement of imaging techniques still renders this assessment valuable in specific situations. According to the guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology, non-invasive stress imaging may be employed to define myocardial ischemia and viability in patients with CAD and heart failure before revascularization. Currently, several non-invasive imaging techniques are available to evaluate the presence and extent of viable myocardium. The selection of the most suitable technique should be based on the patient, clinical context, and resource availability. This narrative review evaluates the characteristics of available imaging modalities for assessing myocardial viability to determine the most appropriate therapeutic strategy.","['D006801', 'D003324', 'D064847', 'D009206', 'D004452', 'D014022']"
38940204,The cytokine response of human coronary artery endothelial cells treated with doxorubicin: results of an in vitro experiment.,"The cytokine profile of primary coronary artery endothelial cells cultivated in the presence of doxorubicin (2 μg/ml and 6 μg/ml) was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and qPCR. Cultivation of cells in the presence of these concentrations of doxorubicin for 24 h, upregulated expression of the following genes: IL6 (by 2.30 and 2.66 times, respectively), IL1B (by 1.25 and 3.44 times), and CXCL8 (by 6.47 times and 6.42 times), MIF (2.34 and 2.28 times), CCL2 (4.22 and 3.98 times). Under these conditions the following genes were downregulated: IL10, IL1R2, TNF. Cultivation of cells in the presence of doxorubicin (2 μg/ml and 6 μg/ml) for 24 h also increased the secretion of IL-6.","['D006801', 'D004317', 'D003331', 'D042783', 'D015850', 'D002478', 'D053583', 'D016207', 'D005786', 'D016209', 'D018932', 'D014409', 'D016753']"
38940202,The structural analogue of apelin-12 prevents energy disorders in the heart in experimental type 1 diabetes mellitus.,"Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the most severe form of diabetes, which is characterized by absolute insulin deficiency induced by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a structural analogue of apelin-12 ((NαMe)Arg-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ser-His-Lys-Gly-Pro-Nle-Pro-Phe-OH, metilin) on hyperglycemia, mitochondrial (MCh) respiration in permeabilized cardiac left ventricular (LV) fibers, the myocardial energy state, and cardiomyocyte membranes damage in a model of streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes in rats. Metilin was prepared by solid-phase synthesis using the Fmoc strategy and purified using HPLC. Four groups of animals were used: initial state (IS); control (C), diabetic control (D) and diabetic animals additionally treated with metilin (DM). The following parameters have been studied: blood glucose, MCh respiration in LV fibers, the content of cardiac ATP, ADP, AMP, phosphocreatine (PCr) and creatine (Cr), the activity of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in blood plasma. Administration of metilin to STZ-treated rats decreased blood glucose, increased state 3 oxygen consumption, the respiratory control ratio in MCh of permeabilized LV fibers, and increased the functional coupling of mitochondrial CK (mt-CK) to oxidative phosphorylation compared with these parameters in group D. In STZ-treated animals metilin administration caused an increase in the PCr content and prevention of the loss of total creatine (ΣCr=PCr+Cr) in the diabetic hearts, as well as restoration of the PCr/ATP ratio in the myocardium and a decrease in the activity of CK-MB and LDH in plasma to initial values. Thus, metilin prevented energy disorders disturbances in cardiomyocytes of animals with experimental T1DM.","['D000818', 'D003921', 'D051381', 'D008297', 'D003922', 'D004734', 'D036341', 'D017208', 'D032383', 'D008929', 'D001786', 'D009206', 'D013311']"
38940049,"Endothelial Cell Dysfunction: Onset, Progression, and Consequences.","Endothelial cell dysfunction is a complex process involving various causes, early and late events, and subsequent consequences. This review provides an overview of each aspect and outlines therapeutic interventions targeting these stages. Causes of endothelial dysfunction encompass a spectrum of risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, inflammation, oxidative stress, and genetic predispositions. Early events such as endothelial activation, inflammatory response, and dysregulated vasomotor tone precede late events like oxidative stress, endothelial apoptosis, and microvascular rarefaction. The consequences include endothelial remodelling, neovascularization, organ dysfunction, and clinical manifestations, highlighting the diverse impacts across multiple systems. While depicted linearly, the progression of endothelial dysfunction is dynamic, influenced by various factors such as the underlying cause and affected vascular bed. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for tailoring therapeutic interventions, ranging from lifestyle modifications to targeted therapies, to address the underlying causes and effects effectively. Here we provide comprehensive understanding of endothelial cell dysfunction that is essential for developing strategies to mitigate the impact of this dysregulation on health and cardiovascular diseases progression.","['D006801', 'D042783', 'D018450', 'D018384', 'D004730', 'D002318', 'D007249', 'D012307', 'D000818', 'D017209']"
38940048,Exploring the Neuroinflammatory Pathway in Epilepsy and Cognitive Impairment: Role of HMGB1 and Translational Challenges.,"Neuroinflammation has emerged as a shared molecular mechanism in epilepsy and cognitive impairment, offering new insights into the complex interplay between immune responses and brain function. Evidence reveals involvement of High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in blood-brain barrier disruption and correlations with epilepsy severity and drug resistance. While anti-inflammatory treatments show promise, translating these discoveries faces challenges in elucidating mechanisms and developing reliable biomarkers. However, strategically targeting neuroinflammation and HMGB1-mediated inflammation holds therapeutic potential. This review synthesises knowledge on HMGB1 and related biomarkers in epilepsy and cognitive impairment to shape future research and treatments targeting these intricate inflammatory processes.","['D024243', 'D006801', 'D004827', 'D060825', 'D000090862', 'D000818', 'D001812', 'D015415', 'D057170', 'D007249']"
38940032,Potential Involvement of M1 Macrophage and VLA4/VCAM-1 Pathway in the Valvular Damage Due to Rheumatic Heart Disease.,"Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is caused by inflammatory cells mistakenly attacking the heart valve due to Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection, but it is still unclear which cells or genes are involved in the process of inflammatory cells infiltrating the valve. Inflammatory infiltration into the target tissue requires an increase in the expression of phosphorylated vascular endothelial-cadherin (p-VE-cad), p-VE-cad can increase the endothelial permeability and promote the migration of inflammatory cells across the endothelium. P-VE-cad is potentially regulated by RAS-related C3 botulinum substrate 1 (RAC1), together with phosphorylated proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (p-PYK2). While RAC1/p-PYK2/p-VE-cad is triggered by the activation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). VCAM-1 is related to M1 macrophages adhering to the endothelium via very late antigen 4 (VLA4). Inflammatory infiltration into the valve is extremely important in the early pathogenesis of RHD. However, there is no relevant research on whether M1/VLA4/VCAM-1/RAC1/p-PYK2/p-VE-cad is involved in RHD; therefore, what we explored in this study was whether M1/VLA4/VCAM-1/RAC1/p-PYK2/p-VE-cad is involved.","['D000818', 'D012214', 'D019010', 'D008264', 'D051381', 'D039041', 'D008297', 'D006351', 'D015398', 'D017207', 'D020830', 'D004195', 'D006801']"
38956443,An in vitro platform for quantifying cell cycle phase lengths in primary human intestinal epithelial cells.,"The intestinal epithelium dynamically controls cell cycle, yet no experimental platform exists for directly analyzing cell cycle phases in non-immortalized human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Here, we present two reporters and a complete platform for analyzing cell cycle phases in live primary human IECs. We interrogate the transcriptional identity of IECs grown on soft collagen, develop two fluorescent cell cycle reporter IEC lines, design and 3D print a collagen press to make chamber slides for optimal imaging while supporting primary human IEC growth, live image cell cycle dynamics, then assemble a computational pipeline building upon free-to-use programs for semi-automated analysis of cell cycle phases. The PIP-FUCCI construct allows for assigning cell cycle phase from a single image of living cells, and our PIP-H2A construct allows for semi-automated direct quantification of cell cycle phase lengths using our publicly available computational pipeline. Treating PIP-FUCCI IECs with oligomycin demonstrates that inhibiting mitochondrial respiration lengthens G1 phase, and PIP-H2A cells allow us to measure that oligomycin differentially lengthens S and G2/M phases across heterogeneous IECs. These platforms provide opportunities for future studies on pharmaceutical effects on the intestinal epithelium, cell cycle regulation, and more.","['D006801', 'D004847', 'D007413', 'D002453', 'D009840', 'D002478']"
38956095,Identifying Bayesian optimal experiments for uncertain biochemical pathway models.,"Pharmacodynamic (PD) models are mathematical models of cellular reaction networks that include drug mechanisms of action. These models are useful for studying predictive therapeutic outcomes of novel drug therapies in silico. However, PD models are known to possess significant uncertainty with respect to constituent parameter data, leading to uncertainty in the model predictions. Furthermore, experimental data to calibrate these models is often limited or unavailable for novel pathways. In this study, we present a Bayesian optimal experimental design approach for improving PD model prediction accuracy. We then apply our method using simulated experimental data to account for uncertainty in hypothetical laboratory measurements. This leads to a probabilistic prediction of drug performance and a quantitative measure of which prospective laboratory experiment will optimally reduce prediction uncertainty in the PD model. The methods proposed here provide a way forward for uncertainty quantification and guided experimental design for models of novel biological pathways.","['D001499', 'D035501', 'D008954', 'D003198', 'D006801', 'D015398']"
38955685,[Prognostic factors of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the treatment of severe pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome].,"Objective: To explore the factors affecting the prognosis of severe pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Methods: It was a multicenter prospective observational study. A total of 95 children with severe ARDS who were treated with ECMO salvage therapy from January 2018 to December 2022 in 9 pediatric ECMO centers in China were enrolled in the study. The general data, disease severity, organ function, comprehensive treatment and prognosis were recorded, and they were divided into survival group and death group according to the outcome at discharge. T test, chi-square test, multivariate Logistic regression and mixed linear model were used to analyze the relationship among baseline before ECMO treatment, some important indicators (pediatric critical scores, platelet count, albumin, fibrinogen, etc) during ECMO treatment and prognosis. Results: Among the 95 children with severe ARDS who received ECMO, 55 (58%) were males and 40 (42%) were females, aged 36.9 (0.5, 72.0) months. Twelve children (13%) were immunodeficient. Sixty-eight (72%) children were treated with venous artery (VA) mode and 27 (28%) with venous vein (VV) mode. The discharge survival rates of overall, VA, and VV mode children were 51% (48/95), 47% (32/68), and 59% (16/27), respectively. The number of immunodeficient children in the death group was higher, and there were lower pediatric critical scores, platelet count, albumin, fibrinogen and arterial oxygen partial pressure/fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2), higher ventilator driving pressure (ΔP), oxygenaion index (OI), and longer ARDS duration before ECMO (all P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in other indicators, including age, gender, weight, and ECMO mode among different prognostic groups (all P>0.05). High ΔP, high OI, low P/F, and low albumin were high-risk factors affecting prognosis(all P<0.05). After further grouping, it was found that ΔP≥25 cmH2O (1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa), P/F≤67 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) and OI≥35 were the thresholds for predicting poor prognosis (P<0.05). From 24 h after ECMO, there were significant differences in ΔP, P/F and OI between the dead group and the survival group (all P<0.05), and the differences gradually increased with the ECMO process. The platelet level was significant from 7 days after ECMO (P<0.05) and gradually expanded. Blood lactate levels showed a significant difference between the 2 groups on before and after ECMO (P<0.05) and gradually increased from 24 h after ECMO. Conclusions: The risk factors affecting the prognosis of severe ARDS in ECMO include high ΔP, high OI, low P/F and low albumin purification therapy before ECMO. The gradual decrease of ΔP, OI and increase of P/F from 24 h of ECMO predicted a good prognosis, while the gradual increase of lactate after ECMO application showed a poor prognosis.","['D006801', 'D015199', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D011379', 'D011446', 'D002675', 'D007223', 'D002648', 'D012128', 'D015996', 'D012720', 'D002681', 'D010976', 'D007231']"
38955498,Transcriptome Dynamics and Cell Dialogs Between Oocytes and Granulosa Cells in Mouse Follicle Development.,"The development and maturation of follicles is a sophisticated and multistage process. The dynamic gene expression of oocytes and their surrounding somatic cells and the dialogs between these cells are critical to this process. In this study, we accurately classified the oocyte and follicle development into nine stages and profiled the gene expression of mouse oocytes and their surrounding granulosa cells and cumulus cells. The clustering of the transcriptomes showed the trajectories of two distinct development courses of oocytes and their surrounding somatic cells. Gene expression changes precipitously increased at Type 4 stage and drastically dropped afterward within both oocytes and granulosa cells. Moreover, the number of differentially expressed genes between oocytes and granulosa cells dramatically increased at Type 4 stage, most of which persistently passed on to the later stages. Strikingly, cell communications within and between oocytes and granulosa cells became active from Type 4 stage onward. Cell dialogs connected oocytes and granulosa cells in both unidirectional and bidirectional manners. TGFB2/3, TGFBR2/3, INHBA/B, and ACVR1/1B/2B of TGF-β signaling pathway functioned in the follicle development. NOTCH signaling pathway regulated the development of granulosa cells. Additionally, many maternally DNA methylation- or H3K27me3-imprinted genes remained active in granulosa cells but silent in oocytes during oogenesis. Collectively, Type 4 stage is the key turning point when significant transcription changes diverge the fate of oocytes and granulosa cells, and the cell dialogs become active to assure follicle development. These findings shed new insights on the transcriptome dynamics and cell dialogs facilitating the development and maturation of oocytes and follicles.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D009865', 'D051379', 'D006107', 'D059467', 'D006080', 'D002450', 'D015398', 'D020869', 'D019175', 'D009866']"
38955422,Second-generation checkpoint inhibitors and Treg depletion synergize with a mouse cancer vaccine in accordance with tumor microenvironment characterization.,"Despite advances in checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy for cancer treatment, many cancers remain resistant. Tumors deemed ""cold"" based on lack of T cell infiltration show reduced potential for CPI therapy. Cancer vaccines may overcome the inadequacy of existing T cells by inducing the needed antitumor T cell response to synergize with CPIs and overcome resistance.","['D000818', 'D019496', 'D051379', 'D000082082', 'D059016', 'D050378', 'D005260', 'D045744', 'D006801']"
38955419,Immune predictors of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in mismatch repair-deficient endometrial cancer.,Patients with mismatch repair-deficient (MMRd) endometrial cancer (EC) can derive great benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). However not all responses and predictors of primary resistance are lacking.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000082082', 'D016889', 'D053843', 'D059016', 'D008875', 'D000368']"
38955417,Mapping the complexity and diversity of tertiary lymphoid structures in primary and peritoneal metastatic gastric cancer.,"Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are thought to stimulate antitumor immunity and positively impact prognosis and response to immune checkpoint blockade. In gastric cancers (GCs), however, TLSs are predominantly found in GC with poor prognosis and limited treatment response. We, therefore, hypothesize that immune cell composition and function of TLS depends on tumor location and the tumor immune environment.","['D006801', 'D013274', 'D000072717', 'D010534', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D059016']"
38956409,Melatonin regulates mitochondrial function to alleviate ferroptosis through the MT2/Akt signaling pathway in swine testicular cells.,"Increasing evidence has shown that many environmental and toxic factors can cause testicular damage, leading to testicular ferroptosis and subsequent male reproductive disorders. Melatonin is a major hormone and plays an vital role in regulating male reproduction. However, there is a lack of research on whether Mel can alleviate testicular cell ferroptosis and its specific mechanism. In this study, the results indicated that Mel could enhance the viability of swine testis cells undergoing ferroptosis, reduce LDH enzyme release, increase mitochondrial membrane potential, and affect the expression of ferroptosis biomarkers. Furthermore, we found that melatonin depended on melatonin receptor 1B to exert these functions. Detection of MMP and ferroptosis biomarker protein expression confirmed that MT2 acted through the downstream Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, inhibition of the Akt signaling pathway can eliminate the protective effect of melatonin on ferroptosis, inhibit AMPK phosphorylation, reduce the expression of mitochondrial gated channel (VDAC2/3), and affect mitochondrial DNA transcription and ATP content. These results suggest that melatonin exerts a beneficial effect on mitochondrial function to mitigate ferroptosis through the MT2/Akt signaling pathway in ST cells.","['D000818', 'D008550', 'D008297', 'D000079403', 'D051057', 'D015398', 'D008928', 'D013552', 'D013737', 'D044123', 'D053078']"
38956407,Activation of hTREK-1 by polyunsaturated fatty acids involves direct interaction.,"TREK-1 is a mechanosensitive channel activated by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Its activation is supposed to be linked to changes in membrane tension following PUFAs insertion. Here, we compared the effect of 11 fatty acids and ML402 on TREK-1 channel activation using the whole cell and the inside-out configurations of the patch-clamp technique. Firstly, TREK-1 activation by PUFAs is variable and related to the variable constitutive activity of TREK-1. We observed no correlation between TREK-1 activation and acyl chain length or number of double bonds suggesting that the bilayer-couple hypothesis cannot explain by itself the activation of TREK-1 by PUFAs. The membrane fluidity measurement is not modified by PUFAs at 10 µM. The spectral shift analysis in TREK-1-enriched microsomes indicates a KD,TREK1 at 44 µM of C22:6 n-3. PUFAs display the same activation and reversible kinetics than the direct activator ML402 and activate TREK-1 in both whole-cell and inside-out configurations of patch-clamp suggesting that the binding site of PUFAs is accessible from both sides of the membrane, as for ML402. Finally, we proposed a two steps mechanism: first, insertion into the membrane, with no fluidity or curvature modifications at 10 µM, and then interaction with TREK-1 channel to open it.","['D024683', 'D005231', 'D006801', 'D057809', 'D018408', 'D008560']"
38956125,Facile synthesis of elastin nanogels encapsulated decursin for castrated resistance prostate cancer therapy.,"Nanogels offer hope for precise drug delivery, while addressing drug delivery hurdles is vital for effective prostate cancer (PCa) management. We developed an injectable elastin nanogels (ENG) for efficient drug delivery system to overcome castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) by delivering Decursin, a small molecule inhibitor that blocks Wnt/βcatenin pathways for PCa. The ENG exhibited favourable characteristics such as biocompatibility, flexibility, and low toxicity. In this study, size, shape, surface charge, chemical composition, thermal stability, and other properties of ENG were used to confirm the successful synthesis and incorporation of Decursin (DEC) into elastin nanogels (ENG) for prostate cancer therapy. In vitro studies demonstrated sustained release of DEC from the ENG over 120 h, with a pH-dependent release pattern. DU145 cell line induces moderate cytotoxicity of DEC-ENG indicates that nanomedicine has an impact on cell viability and helps strike a balance between therapeutics efficacy and safety while the EPR effect enables targeted drug delivery to prostate tumor sites compared to free DEC. Morphological analysis further supported the effectiveness of DEC-ENG in inducing cell death. Overall, these findings highlight the promising role of ENG-encapsulated decursin as a targeted drug delivery system for CRPC.","['D008297', 'D004549', 'D006801', 'D045744', 'D000080385', 'D064129', 'D016503', 'D002470', 'D065546', 'D000970', 'D001578', 'D002087']"
38956102,Local field potential sharp waves with diversified impact on cortical neuronal encoding of haptic input.,"Cortical sensory processing is greatly impacted by internally generated activity. But controlling for that activity is difficult since the thalamocortical network is a high-dimensional system with rapid state changes. Therefore, to unwind the cortical computational architecture there is a need for physiological 'landmarks' that can be used as frames of reference for computational state. Here we use a waveshape transform method to identify conspicuous local field potential sharp waves (LFP-SPWs) in the somatosensory cortex (S1). LFP-SPW events triggered short-lasting but massive neuronal activation in all recorded neurons with a subset of neurons initiating their activation up to 20 ms before the LFP-SPW onset. In contrast, LFP-SPWs differentially impacted the neuronal spike responses to ensuing tactile inputs, depressing the tactile responses in some neurons and enhancing them in others. When LFP-SPWs coactivated with more distant cortical surface (ECoG)-SPWs, suggesting an involvement of these SPWs in global cortical signaling, the impact of the LFP-SPW on the neuronal tactile response could change substantially, including inverting its impact to the opposite. These cortical SPWs shared many signal fingerprint characteristics as reported for hippocampal SPWs and may be a biomarker for a particular type of state change that is possibly shared byboth hippocampus and neocortex.","['D000818', 'D013003', 'D009474', 'D014110', 'D000200', 'D008297', 'D055698']"
38955731,[Association of urinary cadmium levels with peripheral leukocyte classification counts among middle-aged and older adults aged 40-89 in selected areas of China].,"Objective: To investigate the association of urinary cadmium levels with peripheral leukocyte classification counts among middle-aged and older adults aged 40 to 89 years in selected areas of China. Methods: The research was based on the survey of the impact of soil quality of agricultural land on human health in typical areas conducted in 2019-2020. A total of 5 600 middle-aged and older adults aged 40 to 89 years were included by using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method. Baseline characteristics of the subjects were collected and physical examinations were performed. Random midstream urine was collected to measure urinary cadmium and urinary creatinine and fasting venous blood was collected to measure the leukocyte count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count and eosinophil count. The linear mixed effect model was used to analyse the association of urinary cadmium levels with leukocyte classification counts, and the dose-response relationship between them was analyzed by using the restricted cubic spline (RCS) function. Results: The age of the subjects was (63.17±12.02) years; 2 851 (50.91%) were males; and the M (Q1, Q3) of urinary creatinine-corrected urinary cadmium levels was 2.69 (1.52, 4.69) μg/g·creatinine. After adjusting for confounding factors, the results of linear mixed effects model analysis showed that for each 1-unit increase in urinary creatinine-corrected urinary cadmium level, the percentage change [% (95%CI)] of leukocyte count and lymphocyte count was -1.70% (-2.61%, -0.79%) and -1.57% (-2.86%, -0.26%), respectively. RCS function showed a negative linear relationship between urinary creatinine-corrected urinary cadmium levels and leukocyte counts and lymphocyte counts, respectively (all Pnon-linear>0.05). Conclusion: Urinary cadmium levels are negatively associated with leukocyte count and lymphocyte count among middle-aged and older adults aged 40 to 89 years in selected areas of China.","['D006801', 'D002104', 'D008875', 'D002681', 'D000368', 'D008297', 'D007958', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D000369', 'D003404']"
38954638,Engineered mini-G proteins block the internalization of cognate GPCRs and disrupt downstream intracellular signaling.,"Mini-G proteins are engineered, thermostable variants of Gα subunits designed to stabilize G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in their active conformations. Because of their small size and ease of use, they are popular tools for assessing GPCR behaviors in cells, both as reporters of receptor coupling to Gα subtypes and for cellular assays to quantify compartmentalized signaling at various subcellular locations. Here, we report that overexpression of mini-G proteins with their cognate GPCRs disrupted GPCR endocytic trafficking and associated intracellular signaling. In cells expressing the Gαs-coupled GPCR glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R), coexpression of mini-Gs, a mini-G protein derived from Gαs, blocked β-arrestin 2 recruitment and receptor internalization and disrupted endosomal GLP-1R signaling. These effects did not involve changes in receptor phosphorylation or lipid nanodomain segregation. Moreover, we found that mini-G proteins derived from Gαi and Gαq also inhibited the internalization of GPCRs that couple to them. Finally, we developed an alternative intracellular signaling assay for GLP-1R using a nanobody specific for active Gαs:GPCR complexes (Nb37) that did not affect GLP-1R internalization. Our results have important implications for designing methods to assess intracellular GPCR signaling.","['D006801', 'D015398', 'D000067757', 'D043562', 'D057809', 'D015202', 'D004705', 'D021381', 'D000818']"
38954637,YAP represses the TEAD-NF-κB complex and inhibits the growth of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.,"The Hippo pathway is generally understood to inhibit tumor growth by phosphorylating the transcriptional cofactor YAP to sequester it to the cytoplasm and reduce the formation of YAP-TEAD transcriptional complexes. Aberrant activation of YAP occurs in various cancers. However, we found a tumor-suppressive function of YAP in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Using cell cultures, xenografts, and patient-derived explant models, we found that the inhibition of upstream Hippo-pathway kinases MST1 and MST2 or expression of a constitutively active YAP mutant impeded ccRCC proliferation and decreased gene expression mediated by the transcription factor NF-κB. Mechanistically, the NF-κB subunit p65 bound to the transcriptional cofactor TEAD to facilitate NF-κB-target gene expression that promoted cell proliferation. However, by competing for TEAD, YAP disrupted its interaction with NF-κB and prompted the dissociation of p65 from target gene promoters, thereby inhibiting NF-κB transcriptional programs. This cross-talk between the Hippo and NF-κB pathways in ccRCC suggests that targeting the Hippo-YAP axis in an atypical manner-that is, by activating YAP-may be a strategy for slowing tumor growth in patients.","['D006801', 'D002292', 'D007680', 'D014157', 'D000091102', 'D000818', 'D049109', 'D048868', 'D017346', 'D051996', 'D051379', 'D004268', 'D045744', 'D015972', 'D000090683', 'D015398', 'D000091262', 'D016328', 'D008819', 'D018797', 'D000090742']"
38954541,Structurally and mechanically tuned macroporous hydrogels for scalable mesenchymal stem cell-extracellular matrix spheroid production.,"Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are essential in regenerative medicine. However, conventional expansion and harvesting methods often fail to maintain the essential extracellular matrix (ECM) components, which are crucial for their functionality and efficacy in therapeutic applications. Here, we introduce a bone marrow-inspired macroporous hydrogel designed for the large-scale production of MSC-ECM spheroids. Through a soft-templating approach leveraging liquid-liquid phase separation, we engineer macroporous hydrogels with customizable features, including pore size, stiffness, bioactive ligand distribution, and enzyme-responsive degradability. These tailored environments are conducive to optimal MSC proliferation and ease of harvesting. We find that soft hydrogels enhance mechanotransduction in MSCs, establishing a standard for hydrogel-based 3D cell culture. Within these hydrogels, MSCs exist as both cohesive spheroids, preserving their innate vitality, and as migrating entities that actively secrete functional ECM proteins. Additionally, we also introduce a gentle, enzymatic harvesting method that breaks down the hydrogels, allowing MSCs and secreted ECM to naturally form MSC-ECM spheroids. These spheroids display heightened stemness and differentiation capacity, mirroring the benefits of a native ECM milieu. Our research underscores the significance of sophisticated materials design in nurturing distinct MSC subpopulations, facilitating the generation of MSC-ECM spheroids with enhanced therapeutic potential.","['D059630', 'D020100', 'D005109', 'D018874', 'D006801', 'D002454', 'D018929', 'D049109', 'D016062', 'D040542', 'D002478']"
38954206,Analysis of cGMP Signaling in Dictyostelium.,"Biochemical assays are described to analyze signal transduction by the second messenger cGMP in Dictyostelium. The methods include enzyme assays to measure the activity and regulation of cGMP synthesizing guanylyl cyclases and cGMP-degrading phosphodiesterases. In addition, several methods are described to quantify cGMP levels. The target of cGMP in Dictyostelium is the large protein GbpC that has multiple domains including a Roc domain, a kinase domain, and a cGMP-stimulated Ras-GEF domain. A cGMP-binding assay is described to detect and quantify GbpC.","['D004023', 'D006152', 'D015398', 'D006162', 'D015800']"
38954205,Evaluating the Activity of Ras/Rap GTPases in Dictyostelium.,"Ras and Rap small GTPases of the Ras superfamily act as molecular switches to control diverse cellular processes as part of different signaling pathways. Dictyostelium expresses several Ras and Rap proteins, and their study has and continues to greatly contribute to our understanding of their role in eukaryote biology. To study the activity of Ras and Rap proteins in Dictyostelium, several assays based on their interaction with the Ras binding domain of known eukaryotic Ras/Rap effectors have been developed and proved extremely useful to study their regulation and cellular roles. Here, we describe methods to assess Ras/Rap activity biochemically using a pull-down assay and through live-cell imaging using fluorescent reporters.","['D004023', 'D018631', 'D020668', 'D015800', 'D015398', 'D011485']"
38954204,Analyzing the Micro-topography Guidance of Dictyostelium Cells Using Microfabricated Structures.,"Over the last decade, the use of microfabricated substrates has proven pivotal for studying the effect of substrate topography on cell deformation and migration. Microfabrication techniques allow one to construct a transparent substrate with topographic features with high designability and reproducibility and thus well suited to experiments that microscopically address how spatial and directional bias are brought about in the cytoskeletal machineries and hence cell motility. While much of the progress in this avenue of study has so far been made in adhesive cells of epithelial and mesenchymal nature, whether related phenomena exist in less adhesive fast migrating cells is relatively unknown. In this chapter, we describe a method that makes use of micrometer-scale ridges to study fast-migrating Dictyostelium cells where it was recently shown that membrane evagination associated with macropinocytic cup formation plays a pivotal role in the topography sensing. The method requires only basic photolithography, and thus the step-by-step protocol should be a good entry point for cell biologists looking to incorporate similar microfabrication approaches.","['D004023', 'D055616', 'D002465', 'D002448']"
38954202,APEX2-Mediated Proximity Protein Labeling in Dictyostelium.,"Largely due to its simplicity, while being more like human cells compared to other experimental models, Dictyostelium continues to be of great use to discover basic molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying evolutionarily conserved biological processes. However, the identification of new protein interactions implicated in signaling pathways can be particularly challenging in Dictyostelium due to its extremely fast signaling kinetics coupled with the dynamic nature of signaling protein interactions. Recently, the proximity labeling method using engineered ascorbic acid peroxidase 2 (APEX2) in mammalian cells was shown to allow the detection of weak and/or transient protein interactions and also to obtain spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we describe a protocol for successfully using the APEX2-proximity labeling method in Dictyostelium. Coupled with the identification of the labeled proteins by mass spectrometry, this method expands Dictyostelium's proteomics toolbox and should be widely useful for identifying interacting partners involved in a variety of biological processes in Dictyostelium.","['D004023', 'D060387', 'D040901', 'D025941', 'D013058', 'D015800', 'D006801', 'D043603', 'D015398', 'D013194', 'D004720', 'D064251']"
38954201,Controlling the Subcellular Localization of Signaling Proteins Using Chemically Induced Dimerization and Optogenetics.,"A given protein can perform numerous roles in a cell with its participation in protein complexes and distinct localization within the cell playing a critical role in its diverse functions. Thus, the ability to artificially dimerize proteins and recruit proteins to specific locations in a cell has become a powerful tool for the investigation of protein function and the understanding of cell biology. Here, we discuss two systems that have been used to activate signal transduction pathways, a chemically inducible dimerization (CID) and a light-inducible (LI) system to control signaling and cytoskeletal regulation in a spatial and temporal manner.","['D062308', 'D015398', 'D055503', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D008027', 'D021381']"
38954200,Methods to Assess Autophagic Activity in Dictyostelium.,"Autophagy is an intracellular clearance and recycling pathway that delivers different types of cargos to lysosomes for degradation. In recent years, autophagy has attracted considerable medical interest, and many different techniques are being developed to study this process in experimental models such as Dictyostelium. Here we describe the use of different autophagic markers in confocal microscopy, in vivo and also in fixed cells. In particular, we describe the use of the GFP-Atg8-RFP-Atg8ΔG marker and the optimization of the GFP-PgkA cleavage assay to detect small differences in autophagy flux.","['D004023', 'D001343', 'D018613', 'D049452', 'D008247', 'D015800']"
38954198,Procedures to Measure Dictyostelium Phagocytosis and Macropinocytosis.,"Uptaking particulate objects and bulk liquid by eucaryotic cells is critical for their growth, survival, and defense. Dictyostelium is a model organism spearheaded to uncover mechanisms behind various types of uptaking activities. Here, we describe assays measuring phagocytosis and macropinocytosis using Dictyostelium discoideum.","['D004023', 'D010587', 'D010873']"
38954196,"Inflicting, Monitoring, Visualizing, and Quantitating Various Sterile Membrane Damages and the Repair Response in Dictyostelium discoideum.","Eukaryotic cells have been constantly challenged throughout their evolution by pathogens, mechanical stresses, or toxic compounds that induce plasma membrane (PM) or endolysosomal membrane damage. The survival of the wounded cells depends on damage detection and repair machineries that are evolutionary conserved between protozoan, plants, and animals. We use the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum as a model system to study bacteria, mechanical or sterile membrane damage that allows us to identify and monitor factors involved in PM, endolysosomal damage response (ELDR), and endolysosomal homeostasis. Importantly, the sterile damage techniques presented here homogenously affect cell populations, which allows to phenotype mutant strains and quantify various aspects of cell fitness using live cell microscopy. This is instrumental to functionally assess genes involved in the repair of damaged plasma membrane or intracellular compartments and the degradation of extensively damaged compartments. Here, we describe how to inflict sterile PM or endolysosomal membrane damage, how to monitor the cell-intrinsic response to damage, and how to proxy proton leakage from damaged acidic compartments and quantify cell viability.","['D004023', 'D002462', 'D008247', 'D002470']"
38954194,Discovery and Quantitative Dissection of Cytokinesis Mechanisms Using Dictyostelium discoideum.,"The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is a versatile model for understanding many different cellular processes involving cell motility including chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and cytokinesis. Cytokinesis, in particular, is a model cell-shaped change process in which a cell separates into two daughter cells. D. discoideum has been used extensively to identify players in cytokinesis and understand how they comprise the mechanosensory and biochemical pathways of cytokinesis. In this chapter, we describe how we use cDNA library complementation with D. discoideum to discover potential regulators of cytokinesis. Once identified, these regulators are further analyzed through live cell imaging, immunofluorescence imaging, fluorescence correlation and cross-correlation spectroscopy, micropipette aspiration, and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Collectively, these methods aid in detailing the mechanisms and signaling pathways that comprise cell division.","['D004023', 'D048749', 'D015723', 'D015800', 'D015398', 'D036681']"
38954116,Role of ZNF334 in cervical cancer: implications for EMT reversal and tumor suppression.,"Zinc-finger proteins are involved in many biological processes. However, the role of Zinc-finger protein 334 (ZNF334) in cervical cancer remains unidentified. This study showed that promoter methylation of ZNF334 was responsible for its reduced expression. ZNF334 suppressed malignant biological behaviors in cervical cancer. Notably, ZNF334 reversed the EMT process both in vitro and in vivo. RNA-seq coupled with bioinformatics analysis caught P3H3 which is upregulated by ZNF334. Dual-luciferase reporter and Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays illustrated that ZNF334 directly regulate P3H3. Knockdown of P3H3 attenuated the reversal of EMT induced by ZNF334. Additionally, ZNF334 overexpression sensitized cervical cancer cells to the cytotoxic effects of paclitaxel, cyclosporine and sunitinib. In conclusions, this study illustrated that DNA methylation-based silencing ZNF334 played a vital role in cervical cancer, by regulating P3H3 in turn affects EMT. ZNF334 has the potential to become a novel diagnostic biomarker and a potential treatment target for cervical cancer.","['D002583', 'D006801', 'D005260', 'D058750', 'D019175', 'D045744', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D015972', 'D014157', 'D008819', 'D011401', 'D006657', 'D008807']"
38954021,The significance of lipid metabolism reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma.,"In the intricate landscape of the tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) emerge as a ubiquitous cellular component that profoundly affects the oncogenic process. The microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by a pronounced infiltration of TAMs, underscoring their pivotal role in modulating the trajectory of the disease. Amidst the evolving therapeutic paradigms for HCC, the strategic reprogramming of metabolic pathways presents a promising avenue for intervention, garnering escalating interest within the scientific community. Previous investigations have predominantly focused on elucidating the mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells without paying sufficient attention to understanding how TAM metabolic reprogramming, particularly lipid metabolism, affects the progression of HCC. In this review article, we intend to elucidate how TAMs exert their regulatory effects via diverse pathways such as E2F1-E2F2-CPT2, LKB1-AMPK, and mTORC1-SREBP, and discuss correlations of TAMs with these processes and the characteristics of relevant pathways in HCC progression by consolidating various studies on TAM lipid uptake, storage, synthesis, and catabolism. It is our hope that our summary could delineate the impact of specific mechanisms underlying TAM lipid metabolic reprogramming on HCC progression and provide useful information for future research on HCC and the development of new treatment strategies.","['D006528', 'D006801', 'D008113', 'D050356', 'D000084582', 'D059016', 'D000818', 'D065150', 'D015398', 'D000097784']"
38953895,"Regorafenib synergizes with TAS102 against multiple gastrointestinal cancers and overcomes cancer stemness, trifluridine-induced angiogenesis, ERK1/2 and STAT3 signaling regardless of KRAS or BRAF mutational status.","Single-agent TAS102 (trifluridine/tipiracil) and regorafenib are FDA-approved treatments for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We previously reported that regorafenib combined with a fluoropyrimidine can delay disease progression in clinical case reports of multidrug-resistant mCRC patients. We hypothesized that the combination of TAS102 and regorafenib may be active in CRC and other gastrointestinal (GI) cancers and may in the future provide a treatment option for patients with advanced GI cancer. We investigated the therapeutic effect of TAS102 in combination with regorafenib in preclinical studies employing cell culture, colonosphere assays that enrich for cancer stem cells, and in vivo. TAS102 in combination with regorafenib has synergistic activity against multiple GI cancers in vitro including colorectal and gastric cancer, but not liver cancer cells. TAS102 inhibits colonosphere formation and this effect is potentiated by regorafenib. In vivo anti-tumor effects of TAS102 plus regorafenib appear to be due to anti-proliferative effects, necrosis and angiogenesis inhibition. Growth inhibition by TAS102 plus regorafenib occurs in xenografted tumors regardless of p53, KRAS or BRAF mutations, although more potent tumor suppression was observed with wild-type p53. Regorafenib significantly inhibits TAS102-induced angiogenesis and microvessel density in xenografted tumors, as well inhibits TAS102-induced ERK1/2 activation regardless of RAS or BRAF status in vivo. TAS102 plus regorafenib is a synergistic drug combination in preclinical models of GI cancer, with regorafenib suppressing TAS102-induced increase in microvessel density and p-ERK as contributing mechanisms. The TAS102 plus regorafenib drug combination may be further tested in gastric and other GI cancers.","['D006801', 'D014271', 'D010671', 'D000818', 'D011725', 'D004357', 'D048493', 'D016283', 'D009389', 'D023041', 'D014411', 'D005770', 'D014498', 'D051379', 'D050796', 'D013941', 'D004338', 'D045744', 'D011759', 'D009154', 'D000971', 'D020935', 'D015398', 'D049109', 'D000096482']"
38953826,Genetic Variations Affect Chemotherapy Outcomes: A Role of the Spindle-assembly Checkpoint.,"Cancer patients suffer from complicated chemotoxicity. Pharmacogenomics can help stratify patients by predicting their response to treatment and susceptibility toward severe side effects. The spindle-assembly checkpoint (SAC) is an important pathway that is activated by platinum and taxane compounds and plays a crucial role in their cytotoxic activity. This study investigated a SAC component, Budding Uninhibited by Benzimidazoles 3 (BUB3), its expression, and genetic variants in advanced ovarian cancer patients treated with paclitaxel-carboplatin chemotherapy. Among 80 patients, BUB3 expression correlated with chemosensitivity, suggesting its potential as a predictive marker for chemotherapy response. However, high BUB3 expression was associated with a higher risk of poor survival. In addition, genetic polymorphisms in BUB3 (rs11248416 and rs11248419) were significantly linked to chemotherapy-related toxicities, with rs11248416 showing a negative impact on the patient's physical quality of life.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D017239', 'D010051', 'D016190', 'D008875', 'D059566', 'D000971', 'D020641', 'D018797', 'D000328', 'D000970', 'D011788']"
38953577,"Berberine protects against sepsis-related acute lung injury in rats via PPAR-γ signaling pathway upregulation and improvement at the cellular level: Functional, biochemical, and immunohistochemistry study.","This study aimed to assess the prophylactic effects of Berberine on experimentally induced lung sepsis and examine its effects on selected cytokines, genes, and protein expression besides the histopathological evaluation. Berberine significantly reduced the wet/dry lung ratio, the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein, cells, neutrophils percentage, and cytokines levels. In addition, pretreatment with Berberine decreased the myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased gene expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and the intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) by RT-qPCR analysis, revealing Berberine's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mode of action. Western blot analysis revealed increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) expression in the Berberine pretreated group compared to the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group, in which the histopathological examination evidenced this improvement. In conclusion, Berberine improved lung sepsis via its PPAR-γ mediated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.","['D001599', 'D000818', 'D047495', 'D018805', 'D051381', 'D055371', 'D008297', 'D015398', 'D015854', 'D017208', 'D017207']"
38953574,Interference with sphingosine kinase-1 reduces the hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress damage in melanocytes through four and a half LIM domains 2.,"Vitiligo is featured by manifestation of white maculae and primarily results from oxidative stress. Sphingosine kinase-1 (SPHK1) participates in oxidative stress. This paper was devised to explore the role of SPHK1 in vitiligo and to disclose the mechanism. PIG1 cell viability was appraised utilizing cell counting kit-8 assay while Western blot detected SPHK1 and four and a half LIM domains 2 (FHL2). The transduction efficacy of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-SPHK1, siRNA-FHL2 and pcDNA3.1 plasmid overexpressing FHL2 (Ov-FHL2) was checked using Western blot. Flow cytometry detected cell apoptotisis. Western blot detected mitochondrial cytochrome c (Mit-Cyt-c) and cytosolic cytochrome c (Cyto-Cyt-c). Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) detected reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity while oxidative stress markers were evaluated using corresponding assay kits. SPHK1 expression was discovered to be increased in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-challenged PIG1 cells and SPHK1 interference alleviated H2O2-challenged viability damage, apoptosis, oxidative stress and FHL2 expression in PIG1 cells. FHL2 depletion could suppress viability damage, apoptosis and oxidative stress in H2O2-challenged PIG1 cells. Rescue experiments demonstrated that the suppressive impacts of SPHK1 deficiency on PIG1 cell viability, apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by H2O2 were offset by FHL2 overexpression. Collectively, SPHK1 knockdown protected against vitiligo via the regulation of FHL2.","['D018384', 'D017853', 'D006861', 'D060850', 'D006801', 'D008544', 'D002470', 'D017209', 'D014157', 'D009124', 'D002460']"
38953572,Sevoflurane inhibits the malignant behavior of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by regulating mitochondrial membrane potential.,"This study aims to determine the effect of sevoflurane (Sev) on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in malignant behavior and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). NPC cells (5-8F and CNE2) were exposed to Sev at different concentrations and then tested for proliferation by CCK-8 and colony formation assays, apoptosis by flow cytometry, and invasion and migration by Transwell assays. In addition, the Warburg effect was examined by measurements of glucose consumption, lactic acid production, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial function was evaluated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative stress-related indexes, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Sev suppressed 5-8F and CNE2 cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, and enhanced apoptosis. Moreover, Sev dampened the Warburg effect by reducing glucose consumption, lactic acid production, and ATP, as well as decreasing hexokinase 2 and pyruvate kinases type M2 protein expressions. Also, Sev induced ROS production and malondialdehyde content and reduced superoxide and glutathione peroxidase levels. Finally, Sev caused damage to mitochondrial homeostasis through induction of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, and cytochrome c protein expression and reduction of MMP. Sev inhibits the malignant behavior of NPC cells by regulating MMP.","['D000077149', 'D006801', 'D053078', 'D000077274', 'D045744', 'D009303', 'D017209', 'D049109', 'D017382', 'D000970', 'D004305']"
38953555,Inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factors suppresses subretinal fibrosis.,"Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of vision loss. The aggressive form of AMD is associated with ocular neovascularization and subretinal fibrosis, representing a responsive outcome against neovascularization mediated by epithelial-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. A failure of the current treatment (anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy) has also been attributed to the progression of subretinal fibrosis. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) increase gene expressions to promote fibrosis and neovascularization. HIFs act as a central pathway in the pathogenesis of AMD. HIF inhibitors may suppress ocular neovascularization. Nonetheless, further investigation is required to unravel the aspects of subretinal fibrosis. In this study, we used RPE-specific HIFs or von Hippel-Lindau (VHL, a regulator of HIFs) conditional knockout (cKO) mice, along with pharmacological HIF inhibitors, to demonstrate the suppression of subretinal fibrosis. Fibrosis was suppressed by treatments of HIF inhibitors, and similar suppressive effects were detected in RPE-specific Hif1a/Hif2a- and Hif1a-cKO mice. Promotive effects were observed in RPE-specific Vhl-cKO mice, where fibrosis-mediated pathologic processes were evident. Marine products' extracts and their component taurine suppressed fibrosis as HIF inhibitors. Our study shows critical roles of HIFs in the progression of fibrosis, linking them to the potential development of therapeutics for AMD.","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D005355', 'D055213', 'D051794', 'D018345', 'D051795', 'D051792', 'D008268', 'D012160', 'D058750', 'D008810']"
38953252,DIS3 ribonuclease is essential for spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice.,"Spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) self-renewal and differentiation provide foundational support for long-term, steady-state spermatogenesis in mammals. Here, we have investigated the essential role of RNA exosome associated DIS3 ribonuclease in maintaining spermatogonial homeostasis and facilitating germ cell differentiation. We have established male germ-cell Dis3 conditional knockout (cKO) mice in which the first and subsequent waves of spermatogenesis are disrupted. This leads to a Sertoli cell-only phenotype and sterility in adult male mice. Bulk RNA-seq documents that Dis3 deficiency partially abolishes RNA degradation and causes significant increases in the abundance of transcripts. This also includes pervasively transcribed PROMoter uPstream Transcripts (PROMPTs), which accumulate robustly in Dis3 cKO testes. In addition, scRNA-seq analysis indicates that Dis3 deficiency in spermatogonia significantly disrupts RNA metabolism and gene expression, and impairs early germline cell development. Overall, we document that exosome-associated DIS3 ribonuclease plays crucial roles in maintaining early male germ cell lineage in mice.","['D000818', 'D008297', 'D013091', 'D051379', 'D018345', 'D005298', 'D013737', 'D013093', 'D012708', 'D002454', 'D063326', 'D055354', 'D020871', 'D007248']"
38953034,"Icanbelimod (CBP-307), a next-generation Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator, in healthy men: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability in a randomized trial in Australia.","Icanbelimod (formerly CBP-307) is a next-generation S1PR modulator, targeting S1PR1. In this first-in-human study, icanbelimod was investigated in healthy men in Australia.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D001315', 'D004311', 'D055815', 'D064368', 'D000081243', 'D008875', 'D000081025', 'D018655', 'D000293']"
38953033,Improving cancer immunotherapy in prostate cancer by modulating T cell function through targeting the galectin-1.,"Our study aimed to elucidate the role of Galectin-1 (Gal-1) role in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) of prostate cancer (PCa). Our previous findings demonstrated a correlation between elevated Gal-1 expression and advanced PCa stages. In this study, we also observed that Gal-1 is expressed around the tumor stroma and its expression level is associated with PCa progression. We identified that Gal-1 could be secreted by PCa cells, and secreted Gal-1 has the potential to induce T cell apoptosis. Gal-1 knockdown or inhibition of Gal-1 function by LLS30 suppresses T cell apoptosis resulting in increased intratumoral T cell infiltration. Importantly, LLS30 treatment significantly improved the antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-1 in vivo. Mechanistically, LLS30 binds to the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of Gal-1, disrupting its binding to CD45 leading to the suppression of T cell apoptosis. In addition, RNA-seq analysis revealed a novel mechanism of action for LLS30, linking its tumor-intrinsic oncogenic effects to anti-tumor immunity. These findings suggested that tumor-derived Gal-1 contributes to the immunosuppressive TME in PCa by inducing apoptosis in effector T cells. Targeting Gal-1 with LLS30 may offer a strategy to enhance anti-tumor immunity and improve immunotherapy.","['D008297', 'D037483', 'D011471', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D059016', 'D013601', 'D051379', 'D017209', 'D007167', 'D045744', 'D016246']"
38953027,Broadening anticancer spectrum by preprocessing and treatment of T- lymphocytes expressed FcγRI and monoclonal antibodies for refractory cancers.,"Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapies have achieved remarkable success in the treatment of hematological tumors. However, given the distinct features of solid tumors, particularly heterogeneity, metabolic aggressiveness, and fewer immune cells in tumor microenvironment (TME), the practical utility of CAR-T cells for solid tumors remains as a challenging issue. Meanwhile, although anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) has shown clinical efficacy, most mAbs also show limited clinical benefits for solid tumors due mainly to the issues associated with the lack of immune cells in TME. Thus, the infiltration of targeted immunological active cells into TME could generate synergistic efficacy for mAbs.","['D017452', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D009369', 'D013601', 'D059016', 'D000911', 'D045744', 'D023041', 'D016219', 'D018719', 'D000074322', 'D000076962', 'D005260', 'D018951']"
38953023,"Anoikis resistance regulates immune infiltration and drug sensitivity in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma: insights from multi omics, single cell analysis and in vitro experiment.","Anoikis is a form of programmed cell death essential for preventing cancer metastasis. In some solid cancer, anoikis resistance can facilitate tumor progression. However, this phenomenon is underexplored in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).","['D006801', 'D002292', 'D023102', 'D007680', 'D059010', 'D011379', 'D015972', 'D019008', 'D059016', 'D016246', 'D059467', 'D045744', 'D014408', 'D050378', 'D020869', 'D008297', 'D000095028']"
38953022,Sulfur dioxide inhibits mast cell degranulation by sulphenylation of galectin-9 at cysteine 74.,"Mast cell (MC) degranulation is a key process in allergic reactions and inflammatory responses. Aspartate aminotransferase 1 (AAT1)-derived endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2) is an important regulator of MC function. However, the mechanism underlying its role in MC degranulation remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which endogenous SO2 controlled MC degranulation.","['D000818', 'D015550', 'D008407', 'D003545', 'D051381', 'D013458', 'D006801', 'D037161', 'D051379', 'D008297', 'D010323', 'D002460']"
38952983,ULK2 suppresses ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion by elevating IGFBP3.,Ovarian cancer is an aggressive malignancy with high mortality known for its considerable metastatic potential. This study aimed to explore the expression and functional role of Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 2 (ULK2) in the progression of ovarian cancer.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D002465', 'D010051', 'D045744', 'D009361', 'D049109', 'D018972', 'D000071189', 'D015972', 'D015854', 'D015398', 'D017346']"
38952980,Andrographolide induces protective autophagy and targeting DJ-1 triggers reactive oxygen species-induced cell death in pancreatic cancer.,"Andrographolide (Andro), an extract of Andrographis paniculate (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees (Acanthaceae), possesses diverse biologically active properties. However, the precise mechanisms and effects of Andro on pancreatic cancer (PC) remain unclear.","['D017382', 'D004224', 'D010190', 'D001343', 'D000071617', 'D000818', 'D006801', 'D051379', 'D045744', 'D017209', 'D023041', 'D008819']"
38952967,Creatine kinase mitochondrial 2 promotes the growth and progression of colorectal cancer via enhancing Warburg effect through lactate dehydrogenase B.,"Mitochondrial creatine kinase (MtCK) plays a pivotal role in cellular energy metabolism, exhibiting enhanced expression in various tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Creatine kinase mitochondrial 2 (CKMT2) is a subtype of MtCK; however, its clinical significance, biological functions, and underlying molecular mechanisms in CRC remain elusive.","['D006801', 'D015179', 'D000082802', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D045744', 'D011379', 'D052281', 'D018450', 'D007770', 'D008875', 'D049109', 'D017209', 'D015972']"
38952966,Functional variation among mesenchymal stem cells derived from different tissue sources.,"Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are increasingly recognized for their regenerative potential. However, their clinical application is hindered by their inherent variability, which is influenced by various factors, such as the tissue source, culture conditions, and passage number.","['D059630', 'D006801', 'D014470', 'D005260', 'D000273', 'D002478', 'D002824', 'D000650', 'D002454']"
38952391,Assessing causal associations of blood counts and biochemical indicators with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a Mendelian randomization study and results from national health and nutrition examination survey 2003-2018.,"Blood counts and biochemical markers are among the most common tests performed in hospitals and most readily accepted by patients, and are widely regarded as reliable biomarkers in the literature. The aim of this study was to assess the causal relationship between blood counts, biochemical indicators and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).","['D006801', 'D057182', 'D055106', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D015415', 'D009749', 'D000081029', 'D000328', 'D001772', 'D020641', 'D000368', 'D001663', 'D010976']"
38956433,The association of rs17713054 with Neanderthal origin at 3p21.31 locus with the severity of COVID-19 in Iranian patients.,"Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the diversity of clinical manifestations in patients has been a tremendous challenge. It seems that genetic variations, as one of the players, contribute to the variety of symptoms. Genome-wide association studies have demonstrated the influence of certain genomic regions on the disease prognosis. Particularly, a haplotype at 3p21.31 locus, inherited from Neanderthals, showed an association with COVID-19 severity. Despite several studies regarding this haplotype, some key variants are not sufficiently addressed. In the present study, we investigated the association of rs17713054 at 3p21.31 with COVID-19 severity. We analyzed the genotype of 251 Iranian COVID-19 patients (151 patients with asymptomatic to mild form as control and 100 patients with severe to critical symptoms without any comorbidities as case group) using the ARMS-PCR method. Results demonstrated that the A allele confers an almost twofold increased risk for COVID-19 severity (P value = 0.008). The AA genotype also raises the risk by more than 11 times following the recessive model (P value = 0.013). In conclusion, the A allele in rs17713054 was a risk allele in Iranian patients and was independently associated with COVID-19 severity. More studies are beneficial to confirm these findings in other populations and to develop strategies for risk assessment, prevention, and personalized medicine.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D007492', 'D059125', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D020641', 'D008875', 'D012720', 'D020022', 'D000818', 'D000086402', 'D000328', 'D006239', 'D002893', 'D000483', 'D055106', 'D005838', 'D000368']"
38956398,"Chromosome-level genome assembly of Korean holoparasitic plants, Orobanche coerulescens.","Orobanche coerulescens is a parasitic plant that cannot complete its life cycle without a host and is incapable of photosynthesis. The habitats of O. coerulescens span the coasts of Korea and its volcanic islands, Ulleungdo and Dokdo. Those on the volcanic islands exhibit morphological differences and have distinct hosts compared to those on the peninsula. The family of Orobanchaceae, encompassing both autotrophic and parasitic species, serves as a model for evolutionary studies of parasitic states. However, there are limited genome assemblies for the Orobanche genus. In our study, we produced approximately 100x ONT long reads to construct a chromosome-level genome of O. coerulescens. The resulting assembly has a total size of 3,648 Mb with an N50 value of 195 Mb, and 82.0% of BUSCO genes were identified as complete. Results of the repeat annotation revealed that 86.3% of the genome consisted of repeat elements, and 29,395 protein-coding genes were annotated. This chromosome-level genome will be an important biological resource for conserving biodiversity and further understanding parasitic plants.","['D056910', 'D018745', 'D031672', 'D032461']"
38956115,1 Million Segmented Red Blood Cells With 240 K Classified in 9 Shapes and 47 K Patches of 25 Manual Blood Smears.,"Around 20% of complete blood count samples necessitate visual review using light microscopes or digital pathology scanners. There is currently no technological alternative to the visual examination of red blood cells (RBCs) morphology/shapes. True/non-artifact teardrop-shaped RBCs and schistocytes/fragmented RBCs are commonly associated with serious medical conditions that could be fatal, increased ovalocytes are associated with almost all types of anemias. 25 distinct blood smears, each from a different patient, were manually prepared, stained, and then sorted into four groups. Each group underwent imaging using different cameras integrated into light microscopes with 40X microscopic lenses resulting in total 47 K + field images/patches. Two hematologists processed cell-by-cell to provide one million + segmented RBCs with their XYWH coordinates and classified 240 K + RBCs into nine shapes. This dataset (Elsafty_RBCs_for_AI) enables the development/testing of deep learning-based (DL) automation of RBCs morphology/shapes examination, including specific normalization of blood smear stains (different from histopathology stains), detection/counting, segmentation, and classification. Two codes are provided (Elsafty_Codes_for_AI), one for semi-automated image processing and another for training/testing of a DL-based image classifier.","['D004912', 'D006801', 'D008853', 'D000077321', 'D007091']"
38956017,"HIV-1 subtype A1, D, and recombinant proviral genome landscapes during long-term suppressive therapy.","The primary obstacle to curing HIV-1 is a reservoir of CD4+ cells that contain stably integrated provirus. Previous studies characterizing the proviral landscape, which have been predominantly conducted in males in the United States and Europe living with HIV-1 subtype B, have revealed that most proviruses that persist during antiretroviral therapy (ART) are defective. In contrast, less is known about proviral landscapes in females with non-B subtypes, which represents the largest group of individuals living with HIV-1. Here, we analyze genomic DNA from resting CD4+ T-cells from 16 female and seven male Ugandans with HIV-1 receiving suppressive ART (n = 23). We perform near-full-length proviral sequencing at limiting dilution to examine the proviral genetic landscape, yielding 607 HIV-1 subtype A1, D, and recombinant proviral sequences (mean 26/person). We observe that intact genomes are relatively rare and clonal expansion occurs in both intact and defective genomes. Our modification of the primers and probes of the Intact Proviral DNA Assay (IPDA), developed for subtype B, rescues intact provirus detection in Ugandan samples for which the original IPDA fails. This work will facilitate research on HIV-1 persistence and cure strategies in Africa, where the burden of HIV-1 is heaviest.","['D006801', 'D015497', 'D011533', 'D015658', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D016679', 'D015496', 'D000328', 'D004279', 'D014454', 'D019562', 'D019380']"
38955739,[The diagnostic value of inflammation-related genes in bronchopulmonary dysplasia].,"This study aims to explore the diagnostic value of inflammation-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). By using bioinformatics analysis, three datasets including GSE32472, GSE125873, and GSE220135, which contain whole-genome expression profile data of 251 neonates, were included. The GSE32472 dataset was used as a training dataset to detect differentially expressed genes between non-BPD and BPD neonates in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The gene enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to detect the pathway enrichment of up-regulated genes in BPD newborns. The main regulatory factors analysis (MRA) algorithm was used to filter the main regulatory genes in the inflammation-related pathway (GO:0006954). After obtaining the main regulatory genes, the expression of the main regulatory genes in the GSE32472, GSE125873, and GSE220135 datasets was detected. Through the logistic regression model, risk scoring was conducted for neonates, and the risk scores of non-BPD and BPD neonates were compared. Lastly, the classification performance of the model was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC). The results showed that compared with non-BPD neonates, there were 486 up-regulated genes and 433 down-regulated genes in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of BPD neonates. The inflammation-related pathway was highly enriched in the up-regulated genes. Ultimately, phospholipase C beta 1 (PLCB1), nidogen 1 (NID1), serum response factor binding protein 1 (SRFBP1), centrosomal protein 72 (CEP72), excision repair cross complementation group 6 like (ERCC6L), and peptidylprolyl isomerase like 1 (PPIL1) were identified as the main regulatory genes. The prediction model's calculation formula for risk score was PLCB1×0.26+NID1×0.97+SRFBP1×1.58+CEP72×(-0.36)+ERCC6L×2.14+PPIL1×0.67. The AUCs in the GSE32472 test dataset, GSE125873 dataset, and GSE220135 dataset were 0.88, 0.86, and 0.89, respectively. This prediction model could distinguish between non-BPD and BPD neonates. In conclusion, the prediction model based on inflammation-related pathway genes has a certain diagnostic value for BPD.","['D006801', 'D001997', 'D007231', 'D007249', 'D007963', 'D020869', 'D019295']"
38956119,In silico fragment-based discovery of CIB1-directed anti-tumor agents by FRASE-bot.,"Chemical probes are an indispensable tool for translating biological discoveries into new therapies, though are increasingly difficult to identify since novel therapeutic targets are often hard-to-drug proteins. We introduce FRASE-based hit-finding robot (FRASE-bot), to expedite drug discovery for unconventional therapeutic targets. FRASE-bot mines available 3D structures of ligand-protein complexes to create a database of FRAgments in Structural Environments (FRASE). The FRASE database can be screened to identify structural environments similar to those in the target protein and seed the target structure with relevant ligand fragments. A neural network model is used to retain fragments with the highest likelihood of being native binders. The seeded fragments then inform ultra-large-scale virtual screening of commercially available compounds. We apply FRASE-bot to identify ligands for Calcium and Integrin Binding protein 1 (CIB1), a promising drug target implicated in triple negative breast cancer. FRASE-based virtual screening identifies a small-molecule CIB1 ligand (with binding confirmed in a TR-FRET assay) showing specific cell-killing activity in CIB1-dependent cancer cells, but not in CIB1-depletion-insensitive cells.","['D006801', 'D000970', 'D008024', 'D055808', 'D002135', 'D045744', 'D003198', 'D064726', 'D011485', 'D016571']"
38956080,Shifts in attention drive context-dependent subspace encoding in anterior cingulate cortex in mice during decision making.,"Attention supports decision making by selecting the features that are relevant for decisions. Selective enhancement of the relevant features and inhibition of distractors has been proposed as potential neural mechanisms driving this selection process. Yet, how attention operates when relevance cannot be directly determined, and the attention signal needs to be internally constructed is less understood. Here we recorded from populations of neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of mice in an attention-shifting task where relevance of stimulus modalities changed across blocks of trials. In contrast with V1 recordings, decoding of the irrelevant modality gradually declined in ACC after an initial transient. Our analytical proof and a recurrent neural network model of the task revealed mutually inhibiting connections that produced context-gated suppression as observed in mice. Using this RNN model we predicted a correlation between contextual modulation of individual neurons and their stimulus drive, which we confirmed in ACC but not in V1.","['D000818', 'D006179', 'D003657', 'D001288', 'D051379', 'D009474', 'D008297', 'D008810', 'D008959', 'D010775', 'D014793']"
38954704,Unveiling nuclear chromatin distribution using IsoConcentraChromJ: A flourescence imaging plugin for IsoRegional and IsoVolumetric based ratios analysis.,"Chromatin exhibits non-random distribution within the nucleus being arranged into discrete domains that are spatially organized throughout the nuclear space. Both the spatial distribution and structural rearrangement of chromatin domains in the nucleus depend on epigenetic modifications of DNA and/or histones and structural elements such as the nuclear envelope. These components collectively contribute to the organization and rearrangement of chromatin domains, thereby influencing genome architecture and functional regulation. This study develops an innovative, user-friendly, ImageJ-based plugin, called IsoConcentraChromJ, aimed quantitatively delineating the spatial distribution of chromatin regions in concentric patterns. The IsoConcentraChromJ can be applied to quantitative chromatin analysis in both two- and three-dimensional spaces. After DNA and histone staining with fluorescent probes, high-resolution images of nuclei have been obtained using advanced fluorescence microscopy approaches, including confocal and stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. IsoConcentraChromJ workflow comprises the following sequential steps: nucleus segmentation, thresholding, masking, normalization, and trisection with specified ratios for either 2D or 3D acquisitions. The effectiveness of the IsoConcentraChromJ has been validated and demonstrated using experimental datasets consisting in nuclei images of pre-adipocytes and mature adipocytes, encompassing both 2D and 3D imaging. The outcomes allow to characterize the nuclear architecture by calculating the ratios between specific concentric nuclear areas/volumes of acetylated chromatin with respect to total acetylated chromatin and/or total DNA. The novel IsoConcentrapChromJ plugin could represent a valuable resource for researchers investigating the rearrangement of chromatin architecture driven by epigenetic mechanisms using nuclear images obtained by different fluorescence microscopy methods.","['D002843', 'D002467', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D008856', 'D006801', 'D006657', 'D012984', 'D021621', 'D007091']"
38954698,Iron gallic acid biomimetic nanoparticles for targeted magnetic resonance imaging.,"Developing T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents with enhanced biocompatibility and targeting capabilities is crucial owing to concerns over current agents' potential toxicity and suboptimal performance. Drawing inspiration from ""biomimetic camouflage,"" we isolated cell membranes (CMs) from human glioblastoma (T98G) cell lines via the extrusion method to facilitate homotypic glioma targeting. At an 8:1 mass ratio of ferric chloride hexahydrate to gallic acid (GA), the resulting iron (Fe)-GA nanoparticles (NPs) proved effective as a T1-weighted MRI contrast agent. T98G CM-coated Fe-GA NPs demonstrated improved homotypic glioma targeting, validated through Prussian blue staining and in vitro MRI. This biomimetic camouflage strategy holds promise for the development of targeted theranostic agents in a safe and effective manner.","['D005707', 'D006801', 'D008279', 'D045744', 'D003287', 'D007501', 'D040761', 'D005909', 'D053758', 'D005290', 'D002462']"
38954553,Motorized chain models of the ideal chromosome.,"An array of motor proteins consumes chemical energy in setting up the architectures of chromosomes. Here, we explore how the structure of ideal polymer chains is influenced by two classes of motors. The first class which we call ""swimming motors"" acts to propel the chromatin fiber through three-dimensional space. They represent a caricature of motors such as RNA polymerases. Previously, they have often been described by adding a persistent flow onto Brownian diffusion of the chain. The second class of motors, which we call ""grappling motors"" caricatures the loop extrusion processes in which segments of chromatin fibers some distance apart are brought together. We analyze these models using a self-consistent variational phonon approximation to a many-body Master equation incorporating motor activities. We show that whether the swimming motors lead to contraction or expansion depends on the susceptibility of the motors, that is, how their activity depends on the forces they must exert. Grappling motors in contrast to swimming motors lead to long-ranged correlations that resemble those first suggested for fractal globules and that are consistent with the effective interactions inferred by energy landscape analyses of Hi-C data on the interphase chromosome.","['D002875', 'D002843', 'D020409']"
38954547,Nanoparticle-assisted tubulin assembly is environment dependent.,"Nanomaterials acquire a biomolecular corona upon introduction to biological media, leading to biological transformations such as changes in protein function, unmasking of epitopes, and protein fibrilization. Ex vivo studies to investigate the effect of nanoparticles on protein-protein interactions are typically performed in buffer and are rarely measured quantitatively in live cells. Here, we measure the differential effect of silica nanoparticles on protein association in vitro vs. in mammalian cells. BtubA and BtubB are a pair of bacterial tubulin proteins identified in Prosthecobacter strains that self-assemble like eukaryotic tubulin, first into dimers and then into microtubules in vitro or in vivo. Förster resonance energy transfer labeling of each of the Btub monomers with a donor (mEGFP) and acceptor (mRuby3) fluorescent protein provides a quantitative tool to measure their binding interactions in the presence of unfunctionalized silica nanoparticles in buffer and in cells using fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy. We show that silica nanoparticles enhance BtubAB dimerization in buffer due to protein corona formation. However, these nanoparticles have little effect on bacterial tubulin self-assembly in the complex mammalian cellular environment. Thus, the effect of nanomaterials on protein-protein interactions may not be readily translated from the test tube to the cell in the absence of particle surface functionalization that can enable targeted protein-nanoparticle interactions to withstand competitive binding in the nanoparticle corona from other biomolecules.","['D014404', 'D053758', 'D012822', 'D001426', 'D031541', 'D006801', 'D008870', 'D055503', 'D011485']"
38954203,GRminusRD: A Sensitive Assay to Detect Activation Processes at the Plasma Membrane in Living Cells.,"Activation processes at the plasma membrane have been studied with life-cell imaging using GFP fused to a protein that binds to a component of the activation process. In this way, PIP3 formation has been monitored with CRAC-GFP, Ras-GTP with RBD-Raf-GFP, and Rap-GTP with Ral-GDS-GFP. The fluorescent sensors translocate from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane upon activation of the process. Although this translocation assay can provide very impressive images and movies, the method is not very sensitive, and amount of GFP-sensor at the plasma membrane is not linear with the amount of activator. The fluorescence in pixels at the cell boundary is partly coming from the GFP-sensor that is bound to the activated membrane and partly from unbound GFP-sensor in the cytosolic volume of that boundary pixel. The variable and unknown amount of cytosol in boundary pixels causes the low sensitivity and nonlinearity of the GFP-translocation assay. Here we describe a method in which the GFP-sensor is co-expressed with cytosolic-RFP. For each boundary pixels, the RFP fluorescence is used to determine the amount of cytosol of that pixel and is subtracted from the GFP fluorescence of that pixel yielding the amount of GFP-sensor that is specifically associated with the plasma membrane in that pixel. This GRminusRD method using GFP-sensor/RFP is at least tenfold more sensitive, more reproducible, and linear with activator compared to GFP-sensor alone.","['D002462', 'D049452', 'D006801', 'D008164', 'D021381', 'D008856', 'D003600', 'D000818']"
38954197,Assaying Lysosomal Enzyme Activity in Dictyostelium discoideum.,"Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that digest intracellular material. They contain more than 50 different enzymes that can degrade a variety of macromolecules including nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids. In addition to functioning within lysosomes, lysosomal enzymes are also secreted. Alterations in the levels and activities of lysosomal enzymes dysregulates lysosomes, which can lead to the intralysosomal accumulation of biological material and the development of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) in humans. Dictyostelium discoideum has a long history of being used to study the trafficking and functions of lysosomal enzymes. More recently, it has been used as a model system to study several LSDs. In this chapter, we outline the methods for assessing the activity of several lysosomal enzymes in D. discoideum (α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, α-mannosidase, cathepsin B, cathepsin D, cathepsin F, palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1, and tripeptidyl peptidase 1).","['D004023', 'D008247', 'D000091346', 'D057075', 'D006801', 'D001616', 'D016464', 'D013869']"
38954150,Lymphocyte-Directed Immunomodulation Remits Thymoma-Associated Autoimmune Pneumonitis.,"Thymoma presents with several autoimmune manifestations and is associated with secondary autoimmune regulator (AIRE) deficiency. Pneumonitis has recently been described as an autoimmune manifestation associated with thymoma presenting with similar clinical, radiographic, histological, and autoantibody features as seen in patients with inherited AIRE deficiency who suffer from Autoimmune PolyEndocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy (APECED) syndrome.","['D006801', 'D013945', 'D005260', 'D056747', 'D008297', 'D000069283', 'D001323', 'D008875', 'D013953', 'D011014', 'D001327', 'D000328', 'D001379', 'D001402', 'D016896', 'D013601']"
38955735,[Current situation and influencing factors of wheezing among children and adolescents aged 3-18 years in 11 cities in China from 2022 to 2023].,"Objective: To explore the incidence and influencing factors of wheezing among children and adolescents aged 3-18 years in 11 cities in China from 2022 to 2023. Methods: From October 2022 to August 2023, 11 cities including Xishuangbanna in Yunnan Province, Suqian in Jiangsu Province, Chifeng and Hohhot in Inner Mongolia, Tangshan in Hebei Province, Changzhi in Shanxi Province, Yinchuan in Ningxia Province, Lanzhou and Dingxi in Gansu Province, Linyi in Shandong Province, and Tonghua in Jilin Province were selected as research sites to recruit kindergarten children and primary and secondary school adolescents in local urban areas. A total of 21 959 children and adolescents were included in this study. Demographic information, wheezing data (whether wheezing has occurred in the past and whether wheezing attacks have occurred in the past one year), personal history, family history and other information were collected through questionnaires. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of wheezing attacks in the past one year. Results: The mean age of 21 959 children and adolescents was (12.09±3.65) years old, and 52.3% (11 480) were boys. The incidence of wheezing history was 3.7% (816 cases), and the incidence of wheezing attacks in the past year was 2.5% (556 cases). The multivariate logistic regression model analysis results showed that compared with older age, girls, full-term natural delivery, no allergic rhinitis, no family history of allergic diseases, no passive smoking, partial diet, natural conception and childbirth, the children aged 3-18 years with young age, male, partial diet, passive smoking, family history of allergic diseases, allergic rhinitis, cesarean section, premature birth, and assisted reproduction had a higher risk of wheezing [OR (95%CI): 0.86(0.84-0.88), 1.27(1.07-1.51), 2.31(1.95-2.75), 2.09(1.76-2.47), 3.5(2.80-4.37), 4.05(3.39-4.83), 1.20(1.02-1.43), 2.26(1.66-3.09), and 1.67(1.01-2.78)]. Conclusion: From 2022 to 2023, the incidence of wheezing among children aged 3-18 years in China is not significantly higher than before, and childhood wheezing may be related to factors such as children's age, gender, dietary habits, family and personal history of allergic diseases, passive smoking, and perinatal period.","['D006801', 'D002681', 'D000293', 'D012135', 'D002648', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002675', 'D001249', 'D012307', 'D015994', 'D011795', 'D016015']"
38955442,Drug-coated balloons versus conventional percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for treatment-naïve dysfunctional arteriovenous fistulas.: A 10-year single center retrospective study.,To compare the primary patency and restenosis rates in treatment naieve dialysis arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) after drug-coated balloons (DCB) versus plain balloon angioplasty (PTA).,"['D006801', 'D012189', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000800', 'D001166', 'D000368', 'D014654', 'D006435', 'D000328', 'D020099', 'D006083']"
38952758,Short-duration peripherally inserted central catheters do not alter viscoelastic parameters in healthy dogs.,"To determine if short-duration peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) cause a hypercoagulable state in healthy dogs, based on point-of-care viscoelastic coagulation monitor (VCM).","['D000818', 'D004285', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002406', 'D002405', 'D001777', 'D013997']"
38952637,"Exchange Transfusion Trends and Risk Factors for Extreme Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia over 10 Years in Shiraz, Iran.",Exchange transfusion (ET) is an effective treatment for acute bilirubin encephalopathy and extreme neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (ENH). It can reduce mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to investigate the trends and risk factors of ENH requiring ET in hospitalized neonates in Iran.,"['D006801', 'D007492', 'D051556', 'D007231', 'D005078', 'D005260', 'D012307', 'D008297', 'D012189', 'D005955', 'D007647', 'D001787']"
38952154,Effects of Yoga and Mindfulness Meditation on Stress-Related Variables: A Randomized Controlled Trial.,"Stressful situations lead to change in or damage to the central nervous system, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and autonomic function. Techniques for reducing stress such as yoga and mindfulness meditation have been reported to improve emotional regulation and mindfulness skill, as well as stress response. Mindfulness skill relies on intense focus to quiet the mind and bring concentration to the present moment. The present study was a randomized control trial to investigate the effects of an 8-week training program (three 45-minute sessions/week, one session with an instructor and two sessions as home practice) in mindfulness meditation or in yoga on stress and related variables in healthy people. Forty-four healthy participants were randomly allocated to one of three groups: a mindfulness group (n = 16), a yoga group (n = 13), and a control group (n = 15). The yoga training significantly modified heart rate variability, contributing to decreased relative power of the low-frequency band; the relative power of the high-frequency band increased after training. The mindfulness meditation training significantly improved mindfulness skill and concentration performance. In the present study, yoga was associated with increased heart rate variability and mindfulness meditation was associated with an increase in mindfulness skill and concentration performance.","['D006801', 'D015013', 'D064866', 'D008297', 'D013315', 'D005260', 'D019122', 'D000328', 'D006339', 'D055815']"
38952007,Clonal Hematopoiesis-Associated Gene Mutations Affect Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in AML Patients.,"BACKGROUND The relationship between clonal hematopoiesis (CH)-associated gene mutations and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has been extensively studied since next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology became widely available. However, research has mainly focused on the relationship between donor CH mutations and transplant prognosis, and research into the relationship between CH mutations in the recipient and acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is lacking. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed NGS results and their correlation with aGVHD and prognosis in 196 AML patients undergoing allo-HSCT. RESULTS A total of 93 (47.4%) patients had CH mutations. The most frequently mutated genes were DNMT3A (28 of 196; 14.3%), TET2 (22 of 196; 11.2%), IDH1 (15 of 196; 7.7%), IDH2 (14 of 196; 7.1%), and ASXL1 (13 of 196; 6.6%). The incidence of aGVHD was higher in patients older than 45 years old with DTA mutations (DNMT3A, TET2 or ASXL1). DNMT3A mutation but not with TET2 or ASXL1 mutation was an independent risk factor for aGVHD in patients receiving allo-HSCT older than 45 years old. With a median follow-up of 42.7 months, CH mutations were not associated with overall survival and leukemia-free survival. CONCLUSIONS DNMT3A mutation, but not TET2 or ASXL1 mutation, was associated with higher incidence of aGVHD.","['D006801', 'D018380', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D006086', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D015470', 'D009154', 'D000082182', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D000090205', 'D049308', 'D004248', 'D000368', 'D011379', 'D014184', 'D059014', 'D004268', 'D012097']"
38951093,[Analysis of the correlation between fatty liver index and myocardial remodeling].,"Objective: To analyze the correlation between fatty liver index (FLI) and myocardial remodeling. Methods: For cross-sectional study, cluster sampling was used to conduct a follow-up study of ""Risk evaluation of cancers in Chinese diabetic individuals: A longitudinal (REACTION) study"" among communities of Gucheng and Pingguoyuan of Beijing from April 2015 to September 2015. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 8 848 participants were selected. Biochemical indicators such as body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase were detected to calculate the FLI. The correlation between FLI and myocardial remodeling was analyzed. Interventricular septal thickness (IVS), left atrial diameter (LAD), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), and the presence of diastolic dysfunction were measured by color doppler ultrasound. The participants were divided into Q1 group (FLI<30, 4 529 cases), Q2 group (30≤FLI<60, 2 762 cases), and Q3 group (FLI≥60, 1 557 cases) based on FLI levels. Single factor analysis of variance was used for inter-group comparison, logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between FLI and myocardial remodeling. Results: A total of 8 848 subjects were selected for the study (3 110 male and 5 738 female, mean age: 59.96 years). The IVS of Q1, Q2, and Q3 groups were (9.35±1.08), (9.73±1.22), and (10.07±1.31) mm, respectively. The LAD were (30.94±3.90), (33.37±4.12), and (34.98±4.47) mm, respectively. The LVEDD were (42.51±5.05), (44.43±5.10), and (46.06±5.52) mm, respectively. All increased with the increase of FLI (all P<0.001). FLI was an independent risk factor for IVS thickening, LAD increase, LVEDD increase, and diastolic function decrease. The respective risks for IVS thickening, LAD increase, LVEDD increase, and diastolic function decrease in a population with intermediate and higher FLI levels was 1.62 times (95%CI 1.39-1.89) and 2.53 times (95%CI 2.13-3.00); 2.71 times (95%CI 2.39-3.06) and 5.00 times (95%CI 4.12-6.08); 2.36 times (95%CI 1.85-3.00) and 4.33 times (95%CI 3.33-5.62); and 1.90 times (95%CI 1.63-2.19) and 1.95 times (95%CI 1.60-2.37) than those with lower FLI levels. Conclusion: There is a certain relevance between FLI and myocardial remodeling.","['D006801', 'D003430', 'D020257', 'D005234', 'D012307', 'D015992', 'D008137', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875']"
38951065,[Pedigree Analysis and Molecular Mechanism Study of Hereditary Glanzmann Thrombasthenia Caused by Compound Heterozygous Mutation of the ITGA2B Gene].,"Objective: The phenotype and genotype of a pedigree with Glanzmann thrombasthenia caused by compound heterozygous mutation in the ITGA2B gene and its molecular pathogenesis were explored. Methods: The platelet aggregation rate of the proband and his family was detected by using a platelet aggregation test with adenosine diphosphate, collagen, epinephrine, arachidonic acid, and ristocetin. The expression levels of CD41 (αⅡb), CD61 (β3), and CD42b (GPⅠb) on the platelet surface was detected by flow cytometry. Gene sequencing technology was used for the genetic identification of the family. RT-PCR was used in the detection of mRNA splicing, and qRT-PCR was used in detecting the relative mRNA level of the ITGA2B gene. Bioinformatics analysis was used to evaluate the pathogenicity of mutation sites and their effects on protein structure and function. The expressions of total αⅡb and β3 in platelets were analyzed by Western blot. Results: Except ristocetin, the other four inducers could not induce platelet aggregation in the proband. Flow cytometry showed that the expression levels of αⅡb and β3 were only 0.25% and 9.76%, respectively, on the platelet surface of the proband, whereas GPⅠb expression was relatively normal. The expression levels of glycoproteins in the other family members were almost normal. c.480C>G and c.2929C>T mutations were detected in the proband through gene sequencing. The c.480C>G mutation was inherited from his mother, and the c.2929C>T mutation was inherited from his father. The RT-PCR and sequencing results showed that the c.480C>G mutation caused mRNA splicing in the proband and his mother, resulting in the deletion of 99 bases in c.476G-574A (p.S160-S192). qRT-PCR showed that the c.2929C>T variant reduced the mRNA level of the ITGA2B gene in the proband and his father. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that the c.480C>G mutation might form a binding sequence with hnRNP A1 protein and generate the 5'SS splice site. The three-dimensional structural model of the αⅡb subunit showed that the β-propeller domain of the p.S160-S192 deletion lost two β-strands and one α-helix in blade 2. The c.2929C>T nonsense mutation caused premature translation termination and produced a truncated protein with the deletion of p.R977-E1039, including the cytoplasmic domain, transmembrane domain, and a β chain of the extracellular Calf-2 domain. The total αⅡb expression of the proband was absent, and the relative expression of β3 was 11.36% of the normal level. Conclusion: The compound heterozygous mutation c.480C>G in exon 4 and c.2929C>T in exon 28 of the ITGA2B gene probably underlies Glanzmann thrombasthenia in this pedigree.","['D006801', 'D039421', 'D013915', 'D010375', 'D009154', 'D006579', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D010974', 'D005838', 'D000328']"
38950548,[Pathophysiology and Diagnostics of Immune Thrombocytopenia].,"Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is due to autoantibodies against platelet surface antigens. ITP is considered as either primary, with no clear etiology, or as secondary ITP (drug-induced; underlying diseases). Autoantibodies lead both to loss of platelets in the spleen and/or liver but simultaneously reduce their production. Contrary to other disorders with thrombocytopenia, ITP has reduced levels of thrombopoetin. ITP remains a diagnosis of exclusion. A single defining laboratory test does not exist. Glycoprotein-specific antibodies can be detected in only about 50% of cases. Ruling out EDTA-induced pseudo thrombocytopenia is of particular relevance. Secondary causes of thrombocytopenia should be excluded through medical history (especially medication history), physical examination and possibly bone-marrow puncture.","['D006801', 'D016553', 'D001323', 'D003937', 'D001792', 'D010976']"
38950219,Ergodic speckle contrast optical coherence tomography velocimetry of rapid blood flow.,"Visualizing a 3D blood flow velocity field through noninvasive imaging is crucial for analyzing hemodynamic mechanisms in areas prone to disorders. However, traditional correlation-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) velocimetry techniques have a maximum measurable flow velocity depending on the A-line rate. We presented the ergodic speckle contrast OCT (ESCOCT) to break the bottleneck in measuring the rapid blood flow velocity. It achieved a measurement of blood flow velocity ranging from 9.5 to 280 mm/s using a 100 kHz swept-source (SS) OCT based on 100 A-repeats scanning mode. Addressing the non-ergodic problem of temporal OCT signals by integrating more consecutive A-scans, ESCOCT can enable the estimation for lower velocity flows by increasing A-repeats. ESCOCT provided a wide dynamic range with no upper limit on measuring blood flow velocity with an adequate signal-to-noise ratio and improved the sensitivity and accuracy of the hemodynamic assessment.","['D041623', 'D001783', 'D012212', 'D006801', 'D059629']"
38949903,"Symptoms, Lifetime Duration of Estrogen Exposure, and Ovarian Reserve Among Women Living With HIV: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.","This cross-sectional observational study examined associations among symptom burden, lifetime duration of estrogen exposure, and serum antimüllerian hormone (AMH) levels among women living with HIV (n = 98) using bivariate bias-corrected Pearson correlations and multiple correspondence analyses. The mostly Black (85.6%) sample of women, with a mean age of 50 years (SD 12.6 years), exhibited no significant reproductive history factors and symptom burden interrelationships or significant associations between lifetime duration of estrogen exposure and symptoms. Predictably, serum AMH levels were lower among older women; however, less predictable were its significant relationships with months living with HIV (r = -0.362), months on ART (r = -0.270), and CD4+ T-cell nadir (r = 0.347). Symptom-symptom relationships support a fatigue, pain, sleep, anxiety, and depression symptom cluster. The hypotheses were not supported by cross-sectional observation. Further studies should explore variation in relationships between HIV, estrogen exposure, ovarian reserve, and AMH levels over time.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D003430', 'D015658', 'D008875', 'D065851', 'D054304', 'D000328', 'D004967', 'D003863', 'D005221', 'D018791', 'D013997']"
38949789,Improving blood pressure and dyslipidemia control by increasing health literacy in Croatia-missions 70/26 & Do you know what is your number.,"In 2022 hypertensive disease was the second cause of death in Croatia. The crude prevalence of hypertension is increasing and still majority of hypertensive patients did not reach blood pressure and cholesterol goals Low awareness, and small number of treated and controlled patients point on poor adherence and even worse clinical inertia.","['D006801', 'D017523', 'D050171', 'D006973', 'D057220', 'D001794', 'D008297', 'D005260']"
38949772,Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal With the Hemolung in Patients With Acute-on-Chronic Respiratory Failure: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.,"Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) devices are increasingly used in treating acute-on-chronic respiratory failure caused by chronic lung diseases. There are no large studies that investigated safety, efficacy, and the independent association of prognostic variables to survival that could define the role of ECCO2R devices in such patients. This multicenter, multinational, retrospective study investigated the efficacy, safety of a single ECCO2R device (Hemolung) in patients with acute on chronic respiratory failure and identified variables independently associated with intensive care unit (ICU) survival. The primary outcome was improvement in blood gasses with the use of Hemolung. Secondary outcomes included reduction in tidal volume, respiratory rate, minute ventilation, survival to ICU discharge, and complication profile. Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify variables that are independently associated with ICU survival. A total of 62 patients were included. There was a significant improvement in pH and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO2) along with a reduction in respiratory rate, tidal volume, and minute ventilation with Hemolung therapy. The complication profile did not differ between survivors and nonsurvivors. Multivariable analysis identified the duration of Hemolung therapy to be independently associated with survival to ICU discharge (adjusted odds ratio = 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.040-1.518; p = 0.01).","['D006801', 'D012189', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D012131', 'D002245', 'D000368', 'D015199', 'D007362', 'D016896', 'D000328', 'D013990']"
38949680,Diagnostic value of transcranial doppler to predict delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage : To predict delayed cerebral ischemia.,Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is a technique to assess blood flow velocity in the cerebral arteries. TCD is frequently used to monitor aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients. This study compares TCD-criteria for vasospasm and its association with Delayed Cerebral Ischemia (DCI). An overall score based on flow velocities of various intracranial arteries was developed and evaluated.,"['D006801', 'D013345', 'D017585', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D012189', 'D002545', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D001783', 'D011237', 'D002560', 'D020301', 'D012680']"
38949649,FOXK2 facilitates the airway remodeling during chronic asthma by promoting glycolysis in a SIRT2-dependent manner.,"Asthma is a chronic pulmonary disease with the worldwide prevalence. The structural alterations of airway walls, termed as ""airway remodeling"", are documented as the core contributor to the airway dysfunction during chronic asthma. Forkhead box transcription factor FOXK2 is a critical regulator of glycolysis, a metabolic reprogramming pathway linked to pulmonary fibrosis. However, the role of FOXK2 in asthma waits further explored. In this study, the chronic asthmatic mice were induced via ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and repetitive OVA challenge. FOXK2 was upregulated in the lungs of OVA mice and downregulated after adenovirus-mediated FOXK2 silencing. The lung inflammation, peribronchial collagen deposition, and glycolysis in OVA mice were obviously attenuated after FOXK2 knockdown. Besides, the expressions of FOXK2 and SIRT2 in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were increasingly upregulated upon TGF-β1 stimulation and downregulated after FOXK2 knockdown. Moreover, the functional loss of FOXK2 remarkably suppressed TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and glycolysis in BEAS-2B cells, as manifested by the altered expressions of EMT markers and glycolysis enzymes. The glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) inhibited the EMT in TGF-β1-induced cells, making glycolysis a driver of EMT. The binding of FOXK2 to SIRT2 was validated, and SIRT2 overexpression blocked the FOXK2 knockdown-mediated inhibition of EMT and glycolysis in TGF-β1-treated cells, which suggests that FOXK2 regulates EMT and glycolysis in TGF-β1-treated cells in a SIRT2-dependnet manner. Collectively, this study highlights the protective effect of FOXK2 knockdown on airway remodeling during chronic asthma.","['D001249', 'D000818', 'D056565', 'D006019', 'D051379', 'D056151', 'D006801', 'D051858', 'D058750', 'D008807', 'D005260', 'D053773', 'D008168', 'D002460']"
38949163,The Influence of Acid-Base Balance on Anesthetic Muscle Relaxants: A Comprehensive Review on Clinical Applications and Mechanisms.,"Muscle relaxants have broad application in anesthesiology. They can be used for safe intubation, preparing the patient for surgery, or improving mechanical ventilation. Muscle relaxants can be classified based on their mechanism of action into depolarizing and non-depolarizing muscle relaxants and centrally acting muscle relaxants. Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs (NMBDs) (eg, tubocurarine, atracurium, pipecuronium, mivacurium, pancuronium, rocuronium, vecuronium) act as competitive antagonists of nicotine receptors. By doing so, these drugs hinder the depolarizing effect of acetylcholine, thereby eliminating the potential stimulation of muscle fibers. Depolarizing drugs like succinylcholine and decamethonium induce an initial activation (depolarization) of the receptor followed by a sustained and steady blockade. These drugs do not act as competitive antagonists; instead, they function as more enduring agonists compared to acetylcholine itself. Many factors can influence the duration of action of these drugs. Among them, electrolyte disturbances and disruptions in acid-base balance can have an impact. Acidosis increases the potency of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants, while alkalosis induces resistance to their effects. In depolarizing drugs, acidosis and alkalosis produce opposite effects. The results of studies on the impact of acid-base balance disturbances on non-depolarizing relaxants have been conflicting. This work is based on the available literature and the authors' experience. This article aimed to review the use of anesthetic muscle relaxants in patients with acid-base disturbances.","['D006801', 'D000136', 'D009467', 'D009466', 'D000777', 'D003473', 'D013390', 'D000077123']"
38948988,Effect of haemodialysis practice guideline on dialysis indicators and haemodynamic complications among patients undergoing haemodialysis.,"To assess the effect of haemodialysis practice guidelines on dialysis indicators and haemodynamic complications, the comparative study was conducted at the dialysis unit of Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised patients undergoing haemodialysis who were divided into intervention group A in which updated haemodialysis practice guidelines were used, and control group B in which routine base dialysis was given. Data was collected using a self-structured tool. Data was analysed using McNemar test and Mann-Whitney U-test with p<0.05. Compared to baseline, there was a significant improvement in post-intervention ratio of effective removal of clearance (K) resulting from the treatment characterised by time (t) in the patient with a specific volume of distribution (V), or Kt/V, median & IQR 0.83(0.355) vs 1.21(0.11) and percentage of urea reduction ratio with median & IQR 49(12) vs. 66.5(18.65) (p<0.05). Intradialytic hypotension was found in 17(56.6%) subjects in group B and in 4(13.4%) in group A (p=0.002). Intradialytic hypertension was found in 8(25.6%) patients in group B and 1(3.4%) in group A (p=0.039). It is recommended that dialysis be performed in accordance with the most recent clinical guidelines in order to improve practices and to increase haemodialysis effectiveness.","['D006801', 'D006435', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D017410', 'D008875', 'D007022', 'D010154', 'D000328', 'D007676', 'D006439', 'D006973', 'D000368', 'D014508']"
38948910,Exercise-Induced Oxygen Desaturation Increases Arterial Stiffness in Patients with COPD During the 6WMT.,"Given the established impact of exercise in reducing arterial stiffness and the potential for intermittent hypoxia to induce its elevation, this study aims to understand how oxygen desaturation during exercise affects arterial stiffness in individuals with COPD.","['D006801', 'D059289', 'D029424', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D000070857', 'D017079', 'D008168', 'D000089382', 'D013997', 'D000080308', 'D002681']"
38948906,Association Between Urinary Phthalate Metabolites and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.,"To determine the association of urinary phthalate metabolites with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), airflow obstruction, lung function and respiratory symptoms.","['D006801', 'D029424', 'D008297', 'D003430', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D012307', 'D008168', 'D009749', 'D005541', 'D010795', 'D000328', 'D015415', 'D014481', 'D014797', 'D000368', 'D015999', 'D016017', 'D016014', 'D016015', 'D003371']"
38948283,[Association Between the Aggregate Index of Systemic Inflammation and Albuminuria: A Cross-Sectional Study of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2018].,"Prior studies have established a connection between albuminuria and various inflammatory reactions, highlighting that an increase in C-reactive protein by 1 mg/L increases the likelihood of albuminuria by 2%. Recent investigations indicate a positive correlation between the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and increased urinary protein excretion. In addition, elevated levels of the systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) also correlate with a higher prevalence of albuminuria. The aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI) offers a more comprehensive indicator of inflammation, providing an extensive assessment of systemic inflammatory status compared to SII and SIRI. Yet, the specific relationship between AISI and albuminuria remains unclear. This study aims to explore this association in U.S. adults.","['D006801', 'D000419', 'D009749', 'D003430', 'D007249', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D002097', 'D010976']"
38948272,[Calcium Dibutyryl Adenosine Cyclophosphate Enhances the Effect of Metoprolol in Treating Older Adults With Heart Failure Combined With Arrhythmia].,To explore the effect and safety of calcium dibutyryl adenosine cyclophosphate (dbcAMP-Ca) combined with metoprolol in the treatment of older adults with heart failure combined with arrhythmia.,"['D006801', 'D000368', 'D006333', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D001145', 'D008790', 'D004359', 'D000241', 'D006339']"
38948219,β-asarone induces viability and angiogenesis and suppresses apoptosis of human vascular endothelial cells after ischemic stroke by upregulating vascular endothelial growth factor A.,"Ischemic stroke (IS) is a disease with a high mortality and disability rate worldwide, and its incidence is increasing per year. Angiogenesis after IS improves blood supply to ischemic areas, accelerating neurological recovery. β-asarone has been reported to exhibit a significant protective effect against hypoxia injury. The ability of β-asarone to improve IS injury by inducing angiogenesis has not been distinctly clarified. The experimental rats were induced with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model cells were constructed using human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1) cells. Cerebral infarction and pathological damage were first determined via triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Then, cell viability, apoptosis, and angiogenesis were assessed by utilizing cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, spheroid-based angiogenesis, and tube formation assays in OGD HMEC-1 cells. Besides, angiogenesis and other related proteins were identified with western blot. The study confirms that β-asarone, like nimodipine, can ameliorate cerebral infarction and pathological damage. β-asarone can also upregulate vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and induce phosphorylation of p38. Besides, the study proves that β-asarone can protect against IS injury by increasing the expression of VEGFA. In vitro experiments affirmed that β-asarone can induce viability and suppress apoptosis in OGD-mediated HMEC-1 cells and promote angiogenesis of OGD HMEC-1 cells by upregulating VEGFA. This establishes the potential for β-asarone to be a latent drug for IS therapy.","['D000081248', 'D000840', 'D017209', 'D000083242', 'D006801', 'D042461', 'D002470', 'D000818', 'D015854', 'D051381', 'D042783', 'D008297', 'D002460', 'D017207', 'D018919', 'D000096482']"
38947350,Sex-related differences in young binge drinkers on the neurophysiological response to stress in virtual reality.,"Stress is one of the main environmental factors involved in the onset of different psychopathologies. In youth, stressful life events can trigger inappropriate and health-damaging behaviors, such as binge drinking. This behavior, in turn, can lead to long-lasting changes in the neurophysiological response to stress and the development of psychological disorders late in life, e.g., alcohol use disorder. Our aim was to analyze the pattern of neurophysiological responses triggered with the exposition to a stressful virtual environment in young binge drinkers.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000076142', 'D063425', 'D013315', 'D055815', 'D000328', 'D000293', 'D004569', 'D006854', 'D012463', 'D012737', 'D006339']"
38947315,Second bone marrow transplantation into regenerating hematopoiesis enhances reconstitution of immune system.,"In bone marrow transplantation (BMT), hematopoiesis-reconstituting cells are introduced following myeloablative treatment, which eradicates existing hematopoietic cells and disrupts stroma within the hematopoietic tissue. Both hematopoietic cells and stroma then undergo regeneration. Our study compares the outcomes of a second BMT administered to mice shortly after myeloablative treatment and the first BMT, with those of a second BMT administered to mice experiencing robust hematopoietic regeneration after the initial transplant. We evaluated the efficacy of the second BMT in terms of engraftment efficiency, types of generated blood cells, and longevity of function. Our findings show that regenerating hematopoiesis readily accommodates newly transplanted stem cells, including those endowed with a robust capacity for generating B and T cells. Importantly, our investigation uncovered a window for preferential engraftment of transplanted stem cells coinciding with the resumption of blood cell production. Repeated BMT could intensify hematopoiesis reconstitution and enable therapeutic administration of genetically modified autologous stem cells.","['D000818', 'D006410', 'D016026', 'D051379', 'D006412', 'D008810', 'D000074243', 'D012038']"
38946886,Applications of Biomolecular Nanostructures for Anti-Angiogenic Theranostics.,"Angiogenesis is a physiological process of forming new blood vessels that has pathological importance in seemingly unrelated illnesses like cancer, diabetes, and various inflammatory diseases. Treatment targeting angiogenesis has shown promise for these types of diseases, but current anti-angiogenic agents have critical limitations in delivery and side-effects. This necessitates exploration of alternative approaches like biomolecule-based drugs. Proteins, lipids, and oligonucleotides have recently become popular in biomedicine, specifically as biocompatible components of therapeutic drugs. Their excellent bioavailability and potential bioactive and immunogenic properties make them prime candidates for drug discovery or drug delivery systems. Lipid-based liposomes have become standard vehicles for targeted nanoparticle (NP) delivery, while protein and nucleotide NPs show promise for environment-sensitive delivery as smart NPs. Their therapeutic applications have initially been hampered by short circulation times and difficulty of fabrication but recent developments in nanofabrication and NP engineering have found ways to circumvent these disadvantages, vastly improving the practicality of biomolecular NPs. In this review, we are going to briefly discuss how biomolecule-based NPs have improved anti-angiogenesis-based therapy.","['D006801', 'D020533', 'D000068936', 'D009389', 'D000818', 'D008081', 'D049329', 'D009369', 'D016503', 'D009841', 'D011506', 'D008055', 'D053758']"
38946882,Mitochondrial Targeted Cerium Oxide Nanoclusters for Radiation Protection and Promoting Hematopoiesis.,"Mitochondrial oxidative stress is an important factor in cell apoptosis. Cerium oxide nanomaterials show great potential for scavenging free radicals and simulating superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. To solve the problem of poor targeting of cerium oxide nanomaterials, we designed albumin-cerium oxide nanoclusters (TPP-PCNLs) that target the modification of mitochondria with triphenyl phosphate (TPP). TPP-PCNLs are expected to simulate the activity of superoxide dismutase, continuously remove reactive oxygen species, and play a lasting role in radiation protection.","['D002563', 'D000818', 'D008928', 'D017382', 'D051379', 'D017209', 'D006410', 'D018384', 'D002470', 'D011837', 'D006801', 'D011835', 'D002460']"
38946872,Close relationship between mediators of inflammation and pancreatic cancer: Our experience.,"In this editorial, we focus specifically on the mechanisms by which pancreatic inflammation affects pancreatic cancer. Cancer of the pancreas remains one of the deadliest cancer types. The highest incidence and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer are found in developed countries. Trends of pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality vary considerably worldwide. A better understanding of the etiology and identification of the risk factors is essential for the primary prevention of this disease. Pancreatic tumors are characterized by a complex microenvironment that orchestrates metabolic alterations and supports a milieu of interactions among various cell types within this niche. In this editorial, we highlight the foundational studies that have driven our understanding of these processes. In our experimental center, we have carefully studied the mechanisms of that link pancreatic inflammation and pancreatic cancer. We focused on the role of mast cells (MCs). MCs contain pro-angiogenic factors, including tryptase, that are associated with increased angiogenesis in various tumors. In this editorial, we address the role of MCs in angiogenesis in both pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissue and adjacent normal tissue. The assessment includes the density of c-Kit receptor-positive MCs, the density of tryptase-positive MCs, the area of tryptase-positive MCs, and angiogenesis in terms of microvascularization density.","['D006801', 'D010190', 'D008407', 'D059016', 'D009389', 'D021441', 'D010179', 'D000818', 'D010195', 'D012307', 'D018836', 'D053802', 'D007249']"
38946404,The predictors of lymphopenia and its effects on survival in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.,"To investigate the impact of the effective radiation dose to immune cells (EDIC) and gross tumor volume (GTV) on lymphopenia and survival in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LAESCC). Between January 2013 and December 2020, 272 LAESCC patients were treated with definitive radiotherapy in two institutions. Based on radiation doses to the lungs, heart, and body region scanned, EDIC was calculated as an equal uniform dose to the total blood considering blood flow and fraction effect. The radiotherapy plan was used to calculate the GTVs. Lymphopenia was graded based on the lowest lymphocyte count during RT. The overall survival (OS), progress-free survival (PFS), and local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) were analyzed statistically. The lowest lymphocyte count was significantly correlated with EDIC (r= -0.389, p < .001) and GTV (r= -0.211, p < .001). Lymphopenia, EDIC, and GTV are risk factors for patients with ESCC. In a Kaplan-Meier analysis with EDIC and GTV as stratification factors, lymphopenia was not associated with OS in the EDIC>12.9 Gy group (p = .294)and EDIC ≤ 12.9 Gy group, and it was also not associated with OS in GTV>68.8 cm3 group (p = .242) and GTV ≤ 68.8 cm3 group(p = .165). GTV and EDIC had an impact on the relationship between lymphopenia and OS in patients with LAESCC undergoing definitive RT. Poorer OS, PFS, and LRFS are correlated with lymphopenia, higher EDIC, and larger GTV.","['D006801', 'D008231', 'D000077277', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D004938', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D012189', 'D011379', 'D000369', 'D047368', 'D018655', 'D011879']"
38946384,Comparison of the ability of short time low PEEP challenge and mini fluid challenge to predict fluid responsiveness in patients undergoing open pancreaticoduodenectomy: an observational cohort study.,"The mini-fluid challenge (MFC), which assesses the change in stroke volume index (SVI) following the administration of 100 mL of crystalloids, and the short-time low positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) challenge (SLPC), which evaluates the temporary reduction in SVI due to a PEEP increment, are two functional hemodynamic tests used to predict fluid responsiveness in the operating room. However, SLPC has not been assessed in patients undergoing abdominal surgery, and there is no study comparing these two methods during laparotomy. Therefore, we aimed to compare the SLPC and MFC in patients undergoing open pancreaticoduodenectomy.","['D006801', 'D016577', 'D005440', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D011175', 'D008875', 'D015331', 'D000077324', 'D013318']"
38946332,"Home blood pressure measurement days and changes in urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio, estimated salt and potassium intakes and blood pressure: 1-year prospective study.",Current international guidelines recommend home blood pressure (BP) measurement and low sodium and high potassium intakes for the management of hypertension. We hypothesized that increased home BP measurement may result in more effective management of sodium and potassium intakes and BP.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D011446', 'D001794', 'D011188', 'D012964', 'D018660', 'D000328', 'D017419', 'D000368', 'D006973', 'D017673', 'D012982']"
38945840,MiR-98-3p alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier dysfunction by targeting DKK3 in sepsis-induced acute lung injury.,"Endothelial barrier dysfunction is critical for the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) are widely used as the cell model of sepsis-associated ALI for exploration of endothelial barrier dysfunction. Dickkopf (DKK) family proteins were reported to mediate endothelial functions in various diseases. The present study explored the effect of Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) on endothelial barrier permeability, angiogenesis, and tight junctions in LPS-stimulated HPMECs.","['D008070', 'D035683', 'D055371', 'D006801', 'D018805', 'D042783', 'D048868', 'D008168', 'D002478', 'D019108', 'D036341', 'D002199']"
38945601,Polystyrene microplastics exposure reduces meat quality and disturbs skeletal muscle angiogenesis via thrombospondin 1.,"Microplastics (MPs) pose a significant threat to livestock health. Yet, the roles of polystyrene MPs (PS-MPs) on meat quality and skeletal muscle development in pigs have not been fully determined. To investigate the effect of PS-MPs on skeletal muscle, piglets were given diets supplementation with 0 mg/kg (CON group), 75 mg/kg (75 mg/kg PS-MPs group), and 150 mg/kg PS-MPs (150 mg/kg PS-MPs group), respectively. The results indicated that the average daily gain (ADG) of piglets in the 150 mg/kg PS-MPs group was significantly lower than that in the CON group. No significant differences were observed in the final body weight and ADG between the CON group and the 75 mg/kg PS-MPs group. Piglets in the 150 mg/kg PS-MPs group exhibited decreased meat redness index and type I muscle fiber density. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the contents of meat flavor compounds carnosine, beta-alanine, palmitic acid, and niacinamide in muscle were lower in the 150 mg/kg PS-MPs group than in the CON group. Additionally, piglets subjected to 150 mg/kg PS-MPs exhibited impaired muscle angiogenesis. Further analysis indicated that PS-MPs exposure up-regulated thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) expression by inhibiting THBS1 mRNA and protein degradation, thereby disrupting skeletal muscle angiogenesis. These findings indicate that PS-MPs exposure adversely affects meat quality and hinders skeletal muscle angiogenesis in pigs, providing deeper insights into the detrimental effects of PS-MPs on meat quality and skeletal muscle development.","['D000818', 'D011137', 'D000080545', 'D018482', 'D019700', 'D013552', 'D008460', 'D018919', 'D002336', 'D000821', 'D063427', 'D005506', 'D008297', 'D000096482']"
38944869,High-resolution Visualization of Intestinal Microcirculation using Ultra-microangiography in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Pilot Study.,Ultra-microangiography (UMA) is a novel Doppler technique with optimized wall filtering that provides high sensitivity to low-velocity blood flows and optimized visualization of microcirculation. The aim of this pilot study was to compare intestinal vascularization assessed by color Doppler signals (CDS) and UMA.,"['D006801', 'D010865', 'D008833', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D007422', 'D015212', 'D018615', 'D000792', 'D000368', 'D055815', 'D011237', 'D016022']"
38944786,[Impaired hemostasis in elderly and senile patients with mesenteric thrombosis in COVID-19.].,"In the treatment of coronavirus infections, it is important not only to understand the course of the disease, but also to understand what is happening in the human body, especially in the circulatory system, that is, which disorders lead to deterioration and further complications. Hemostasis disorder in COVID-19 plays an important role in the etiology and clinical manifestations of the disease. The ability to identify factors and risk groups for the development of thrombotic complications, the ability to dynamically interpret peripheral blood parameters and coagulograms, knowledge of diagnostic criteria for possible hemostasis disorders (for example, DIC syndrome, sepsis-associated coagulopathy, antiphospholipids, hemophagocytosis and hypercoagulation syndrome) are necessary to determine the indications for the test. Differentiated prescribing of clinically justified therapy (including anticoagulants and blood components) is important, which determines the complexity of treatment and prognosis for patients with COVID-19. This article is a review of the literature on the topic of hemostasis disorders in elderly and senile patients with mesenteric thrombosis in COVID 19 over the past few years.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D000368', 'D013927', 'D000086402', 'D001778', 'D006487', 'D000925']"
38944738,Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Exercise and Kapalbhati Pranayama on Heart Rate Variability and Electroencephalogram Activity: Unveiling Physiological and Cognitive Insights.,"Physical activity and mindfulness techniques, such as exercise and Kapalbhati Pranayama, are known to have positive effects on health and well-being. However, limited research has directly compared their impact on physiological and psychological parameters. This study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of exercise and Kapalbhati Pranayama on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Electroencephalogram (EEG) activity, shedding light on their contributions to overall health and mental well-being. The study was conducted at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in Bhopal, India, from 2018 to 2022. A prospective interventional design was employed over two months, involving 20 participants with normal BMI and no respiratory or cardiac conditions. Exclusion criteria included lung or cardiac diseases, smoking history, dyspnoea during physical activity, pedal edema, and high blood pressure. The Kapalbhati Pranayama intervention was supervised and limited to 5 minutes. HRV was assessed using the HRV Brain Tap Neuralchek Machine before, during, and after Kapalbhati. For exercise, a mild-intensity cycling protocol was performed on healthy volunteers aged 20 to 50. HRV was recorded before, during, and after exercise. The EEG analysis revealed notable changes in brain wave patterns. At baseline, participants exhibited higher levels of delta, theta, and alpha waves, indicating a state of relaxation and calmness. During exercise, there was a significant increase in beta waves and a decrease in delta, theta, and alpha waves, reflecting heightened brain activity and alertness. After Kapalbhati, beta wave levels remained elevated, while delta and theta wave suppression was more pronounced, suggesting a stimulating effect on the brain similar to exercise. The changes in beta and gamma EEG waves could be attributed to factors such as exercise intensity, duration, frequency, and the release of endorphins during both exercise and Kapalbhati. The HRV analysis demonstrated distinct responses to exercise and Kapalbhati. Exercise led to a significant reduction in HRV parameters, characterized by increased heart rate and decreased time-domain HRV measures, aligning with the typical sympathetic nervous system dominance during physical activity. In contrast, Kapalbhati's impact on HRV parameters was milder, with minor changes in heart rate and subtle alterations in time-domain HRV measures. The high LF/HF ratio during Kapalbhati suggested a potential stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. More comprehensive research is required to confirm these findings and understand the long-term effects of Kapalbhati on HRV and cardiovascular health. This study contributes to the understanding of how exercise and Kapalbhati Pranayama affect both cognitive and cardiovascular aspects of health. It highlights that both interventions increase brain activity and alertness, but Kapalbhati may have a more potent effect. Exercise significantly reduces HRV parameters, indicating sympathetic nervous system dominance, while Kapalbhati has milder HRV effects. Further research with larger and more diverse populations is essential to confirm and expand on these findings, providing insights into optimizing cognitive function and cardiovascular health through tailored approaches of exercise and Kapalbhati Pranayama.","['D006801', 'D006339', 'D004569', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D015444', 'D005260', 'D011446', 'D008875', 'D007194', 'D055815', 'D064866', 'D015013', 'D003071']"
38944710,Association between Serum Total Cholesterol and Blood Pressure in Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill Users.,"Oral contraceptives pills (OCPs) are one of the most commonly used methods of birth control by women worldwide. Presently, worldwide about 100 million women are current users of combined hormonal contraceptives (COC) most frequently used in the western world. The most frequently used agents are a combination of drugs containing both an estrogen and a progesteron. This combination is considered to be highly efficacious, generally considered 99.9% and a use effectiveness of 97.0% to 98.0%. This study was done to find out the association of serum total cholesterol and blood pressure in combined oral contraceptive pill users. This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh between the periods from July 2021 to June 2022. A total number of 120 reproductive aged women, age ranged from 15-55 years were included in this study. They were divided into two group, sixty (60) combined oral contraceptive pill users were taken as study group (Group II) and sixty (60) age matched oral pill non users subjects were taken as control group (Group I). Data were expressed as mean±SD and statistical significance of difference among the group was calculated by unpaired students' 't' test and pearson's correlation coefficient test. Pearson 'r' value of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure are 0.582 and 0.416 respectively indicates positive correlation with serum total cholesterol. Correlation is statistically highly significant (p<0.001). Blood pressure and serum total cholesterol were positively connected in study group in comparison to control group respectively. So from this study, it can be concluded that there is a significant association between serum total cholesterol and blood pressure with oral contraceptives.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D003430', 'D001794', 'D000293', 'D055815', 'D002784', 'D003277', 'D008875', 'D001459']"
38944707,Status of BMI and Blood Pressure in Male Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.,"Now a days, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health problem. This study was done to evaluate the changes of body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) in COPD patients in comparison to healthy person. This analytical type of cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh between the periods from July 2018 to June 2019. Total 160 male subjects, age ranged from 30-70 years was included in this study. Among them, in study group (Group II) eighty (80) male COPD subjects and eighty (80) age matched male healthy subjects were taken as control group (Group I). BMI was calculated as weight in kilogram divided by the height in meter square. Blood pressure was measured with an aneroid sphygmomanometer. Data were expressed as mean±SD and statistical significance of difference among the group was calculated by unpaired students' 't' test. The mean±SD of BMI of Group I and Group II were 24.52±1.35kg/m² and 21.22±1.30kg/m² respectively. The mean±SD of systolic blood pressure of Group I and Group II were 118.75±7.73 mm of Hg and 134.56±15.24 mm of Hg respectively. The mean±SD diastolic blood pressure of Group I and Group II were 77.63±6.70 mm of Hg and 84.69±8.05 mm of Hg respectively. The mean±SD of BMI was significantly lower in study group and the mean±SD of systolic and diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in study group than control group. Low BMI and hypertension in subjects with COPD are associated with a high risk of exacerbations and mortality. So assessment of this parameter is important for prevention of complication related to COPD for leading a healthy life.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D015992', 'D029424', 'D003430', 'D001794', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D016022', 'D006973']"
38944672,Extracellular vesicles originating from melanoma cells promote dysregulation in haematopoiesis as a component of cancer immunoediting.,"Haematopoiesis dysregulation with the presence of immature myeloid and erythroid immunosuppressive cells are key characteristics of the immune escape phase of tumour development. Here, the role of in vitro generated B16F10 tumour cell-derived extracellular vesicles (tEVs) as indirect cellular communicators, participating in tumour-induced dysregulation of haematopoiesis, was explored. The isolated tEVs displayed features of small EVs with a size range of 100-200 nm, expressed the common EV markers CD63, CD9, and Alix, and had a spherical shape with a lipid bilayer membrane. Proteomic profiling revealed significant levels of angiogenic factors, particularly vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), osteopontin, and tissue factor, associated with the tEVs. Systemic administration of these tEVs in syngeneic mice induced splenomegaly and disrupted haematopoiesis, leading to extramedullary haematopoiesis, expansion of splenic immature erythroid progenitors, reduced bone marrow cellularity, medullary expansion of granulocytic myeloid suppressor cells, and the development of anaemia. These effects closely mirrored those observed in tumour-bearing mice and were not seen after heat inactivating the tEVs. In vitro studies demonstrated that tEVs independently induced the expansion of bone marrow granulocytic myeloid suppressor cells and B cells while reducing the frequency of cells in the erythropoietic lineage. These effects of tEVs were significantly abrogated by the blockade of VEGF or heat inactivation. Our findings underscore the important role of tEVs in dysregulating haematopoiesis during the immune escape phase of cancer immunoediting, suggesting their potential as targets for addressing immune evasion and reinstating normal hematopoietic processes.","['D000818', 'D000067128', 'D051379', 'D006410', 'D008546', 'D008810', 'D042461', 'D045744']"
38944486,Pediatric Immune Thrombocytopenia.,"Pediatric immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a fairly common bleeding disorder PRESENTING with a decreased number of platelets. The typical clinical presentation involves mild bleeding symptoms with bruising and petechiae and occasional mucosal bleeding. ITP is thought to be an autoimmune disorder and more recently other mechanisms have been described. Most cases resolve spontaneously and can undergo watchful waiting as the platelet count improves. Initially, steroids or intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIg) can be used to increase platelets. For those cases that do not resolve and become persistent or chronic, there are multiple treatment options, with new agents being studied in adults that will hopefully make it to clinical trials in pediatrics in the future.","['D006801', 'D002648', 'D016553', 'D016756', 'D010976']"
38943581,[Restraint Stress-Induced Expression of Fos and Several Related Genes in the Hypothalamus of Hypertensive ISIAH Rats].,"Stress can play a significant role in arterial hypertension and many other complications of cardiovascular diseases. Considerable attention is paid to the study of the molecular mechanisms involved in the body response to stressful influences, but there are still many blank spots in understanding the details. ISIAH rats model the stress-sensitive form of arterial hypertension. ISIAH rats are characterized by genetically determined enhanced activities of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical and sympathetic-adrenomedullary systems, suggesting a functional state of increased stress reactivity. For the first time, the temporal expression patterns of Fos and several related genes were studied in the hypothalamus of adult male hypertensive ISIAH rats after a single exposure to restraint stress for 30, 60, or 120 min. Fos transcription was activated and peaked 1 h after the start of restraint stress. The time course of Fos activation coincided with that of blood pressure increase after stress. Activation of hypothalamic neurons also alters the transcription levels of several transcription factor genes (Jun, Nr4a3, Jdp2, and Ppargc1a), which are associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases. Because Fos induction is a marker of brain neuron activation, activation of hypothalamic neurons and an increase in blood pressure were concluded to accompany increased stress reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical and sympathoadrenal systems in hypertensive ISIAH rats during short-term restraint.","['D000818', 'D006973', 'D051381', 'D007031', 'D008297', 'D005786', 'D000071248', 'D016760', 'D012149', 'D013315', 'D001794', 'D013312', 'D009474']"
38943322,Prevalence and Risk Factors of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Middle-Aged Maintenance Haemodialysis Patients on a Twice-Weekly Schedule: Experience from a Single Indian Centre.,"Background. Data on the prevalence of cardiac failure with preserved ejection in the haemodialysis population, which impacts treatment strategy, mortality, and morbidity, are scarce. Aims and Objectives. Estimate the prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in haemodialysis patients Classify cardiac failure and ascertain the risk factors influencing HFpEF in haemodialysis patients. Methods. All consenting individuals on haemodialysis over 18 years of age were included. Lung ultrasound was performed as per the LUST study protocol, and the labs were documented. Echocardiographic parameters were measured using two-dimensional (2D ECHO). Results. A total of 102 patients consented to participate in the study, which included 63 males (61.8%) and 39 females (38.2%). The mean patient age was 53 ± 13.1 years. The dialysis vintage of the participants was 38.92 ± 6.947 months. 47 (46.1%) patients had diabetes and 88 (80.4%) had hypertension. ECG findings included sinus rhythm (51/102, 50%), sinus tachycardia (22/102, 21.6%), ST-T wave abnormalities (18/102, 17.6%), and atrial fibrillation (11/102, 10.8%). Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) was present in 44/102 (43.14%), heart failure with mid-range EF in 14/102 (13.72%), and heart failure with reduced EF in 13/102 (12.7%) patients. The ejection fraction was positively associated with haemoglobin (r = 0.23; p = 0.044), and calcium levels (r = 0.25; p =0 .03). E/lateral e' ratio was positively correlated with NT pro-BNP (r = 0.63; p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.44; p = 0.003) and age (r = 0.353; p = 0.003) and negatively correlated with transferrin saturation (r = -0.353; p = 0.027) and diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.31; p = 0.040). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds of diastolic dysfunction increased by 2.3 times with each unit increase of creatinine, and diabetics have 7.66 times higher risk for diastolic dysfunction. Binary logistic regression involving ejection fraction (EF) and all laboratory and clinical parameters revealed odds of HFpEF increased by 1.93 times with each unit increase in age, odds of HFpEF increases by 1.53 times with each unit increase in phosphorous and odds of HFpEF increased by 1.1 times with a unit increase of systolic blood pressure. Conclusion. HFpEF is the predominant form of heart failure in haemodialysis patients. Haemoglobin and calcium were positively associated with ejection fraction. Advancing age, elevated creatinine and diabetes mellitus levels are independent predictors of diastolic dysfunction in haemodialysis patients.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D006333', 'D008875', 'D013318', 'D006435', 'D015995', 'D012307', 'D007194', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D007676']"
38943182,Worse pulmonary function in association with cumulative exposure to nanomaterials. Hints of a mediation effect via pulmonary inflammation.,"Today, nanomaterials are broadly used in a wide range of industrial applications. Such large utilization and the limited knowledge on to the possible health effects have raised concerns about potential consequences on human health and safety, beyond the environmental burden. Given that inhalation is the main exposure route, workers exposed to nanomaterials might be at risk of occurrence of respiratory morbidity and/or reduced pulmonary function. However, epidemiological evidence regarding the association between cumulative exposure to nanomaterials and respiratory health is still scarce. This study focused on the association between cumulative exposure to nanomaterials and pulmonary function among 136 workers enrolled in the framework of the European multicentric NanoExplore project.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D049329', 'D005260', 'D016273', 'D000328', 'D019570', 'D008875', 'D008168', 'D011014', 'D005541', 'D012129', 'D016207', 'D000395', 'D005060']"
38943055,Comparison of clinical outcomes of pulmonary nocardiosis between AIDS and non-AIDS patients.,Nocardia species can affect both immunocompetent and immunocompromised people.,"['D006801', 'D009617', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D013785', 'D017088', 'D000163', 'D000368', 'D009615', 'D000900', 'D055815', 'D018791', 'D016867']"
38956312,Risk factors and predictive models for frozen shoulder.,"This study aims to explore the risk factors associated with frozen shoulder (FS) and develop a predictive model for diagnosing FS, in order to facilitate early detection of the condition. A total of 103 patients diagnosed with FS and admitted to the Department of Joint Surgery at Suining Central Hospital between October 2021 and October 2023 were consecutively included in the study. Additionally, 309 individuals without shoulder joint diseases, matched for age and gender, who visited the department during the same time, were included as the control group.The complete recording of clinical data for all patients was followed by the utilization of statistical tests such as the Mann-Whitney U test, sample t test, and chi-square test to compare different groups. Additionally, multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors associated with the occurrence of FS in patients, leading to the establishment of a prediction model and derivation of a simplified equation. The diagnostic effectiveness of individual indicators and prediction models was assessed through the use of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. In the sample of 103 individuals, 35 were identified as male and 68 as female, with an average age range of 40-70 years (mean age: 54.20 ± 6.82 years). The analysis conducted between different groups revealed that individuals with a low body mass index (BMI), in conjunction with other factors such as diabetes, cervical spondylosis, atherosclerosis, and hyperlipidemia, were more susceptible to developing FS. Logistic regression analysis further indicated that low BMI, diabetes, cervical spondylosis, and hyperlipidemia were significant risk factors for the occurrence of FS. These variables were subsequently incorporated into a predictive model, resulting in the creation of a simplified equation.The ROC curve demonstrated that the combined indicators in the predictive model exhibited superior diagnostic efficacy compared to single indicators, as evidenced by an area under the curve of 0.787, sensitivity of 62.1%, and specificity of 82.2%. Low BMI, diabetes, cervical spondylosis, and hyperlipidemia are significant risk factors associated with the occurrence of FS. Moreover, the utilization of a prediction model has demonstrated superior capability in forecasting the likelihood of FS compared to relying solely on individual indicators. This finding holds potential in offering valuable insights for the early diagnosis of FS.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002062', 'D008875', 'D012307', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D012372', 'D015992', 'D016015']"
38956304,Fluorescence lifetime multiplexing with fluorogen activating protein FAST variants.,"In this paper, we propose a fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) multiplexing system based on the fluorogen-activating protein FAST. This genetically encoded fluorescent labeling platform employs FAST mutants that activate the same fluorogen but provide different fluorescence lifetimes for each specific protein-dye pair. All the proposed probes with varying lifetimes possess nearly identical and the smallest-in-class size, along with quite similar steady-state optical properties. In live mammalian cells, we target these chemogenetic tags to two intracellular structures simultaneously, where their fluorescence signals are clearly distinguished by FLIM. Due to the unique structure of certain fluorogens under study, their complexes with FAST mutants display a monophasic fluorescence decay, which may facilitate enhanced multiplexing efficiency by reducing signal cross-talks and providing optimal prerequisites for signal separation upon co-localized and/or spatially overlapped labeling.","['D008856', 'D005456', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D005453', 'D009154']"
38956280,Effect of rest duration between sets on fatigue and recovery after short intense plyometric exercise.,"Plyometric training is characterized by high-intensity exercise which is performed in short term efforts divided into sets. The purpose of the present study was twofold: first, to investigate the effects of three distinct plyometric exercise protocols, each with varying work-to-rest ratios, on muscle fatigue and recovery using an incline-plane training machine; and second, to assess the relationship between changes in lower limb muscle strength and power and the biochemical response to the three exercise variants employed. Forty-five adult males were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 15) performing an exercise of 60 rebounds on an incline-plane training machine. The G0 group performed continuous exercise, while the G45 and G90 groups completed 4 sets of 15 repetitions, each set lasting 45 s with 45 s rest in G45 (work-to-rest ratio of 1:1) and 90 s rest in G90 (1:2 ratio). Changes in muscle torques of knee extensors and flexors, as well as blood lactate (LA) and ammonia levels, were assessed before and every 5 min for 30 min after completing the workout. The results showed significantly higher (p < 0.001) average power across all jumps generated during intermittent compared to continuous exercise. The greatest decrease in knee extensor strength immediately post-exercise was recorded in group G0 and the least in G90. The post-exercise time course of LA changes followed a similar pattern in all groups, while the longer the interval between sets, the faster LA returned to baseline. Intermittent exercise had a more favourable effect on muscle energy metabolism and recovery than continuous exercise, and the work-to-rest ratio of 1:2 in plyometric exercises was sufficient rest time to allow the continuation of exercise in subsequent sets at similar intensity.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D012146', 'D018763', 'D000328', 'D053580', 'D059385', 'D055815', 'D018482', 'D019344', 'D000641', 'D015444']"
38956255,A new nomogram based on ultrasound and clinical features for distinguishing epididymal tuberculosis and nontuberculous epididymitis.,"Using ultrasound findings and clinical characteristics, we constructed and validated a new nomogram for distinguishing epididymal tuberculosis from nontuberculous epididymitis, both of which share similar symptoms. We retrospectively examined data of patients with epididymal tuberculosis and nontuberculous epididymitis hospitalized between January 1, 2013, and March 31, 2023. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to derivation and validation cohorts (ratio, 7:3). We drew a nomogram to construct a diagnostic model through multivariate logistic regression and visualize the model. We used concordance index, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis to assess the discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness of the nomogram, respectively. In this study, 136 participants had epididymal tuberculosis and 79 had nontuberculous epididymitis. Five variables-C-reactive protein level, elevated scrotal skin temperature, nodular lesion, chronic infection, and scrotal skin ulceration-were significant and used to construct the nomogram. Concordance indices of the derivation and validation cohorts were 0.95 and 0.96, respectively (95% confidence intervals, 0.91-0.98 and 0.92-1.00, respectively). Decision curve analysis of this nomogram revealed that it helped differentiate epididymal tuberculosis from nontuberculous epididymitis. This nomogram may help clinicians distinguish between epididymal tuberculosis and nontuberculous epididymitis, thereby increasing diagnosis accuracy.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D004823', 'D049451', 'D014463', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D003937', 'D012189', 'D004822', 'D014389', 'D014376', 'D000368']"
38956230,A clinical tool to predict overall survival of elderly patients with soft tissue sarcoma after surgical resection.,"With the aging world population, the incidence of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) in the elderly gradually increases and the prognosis is poor. The primary goal of this research was to analyze the relevant risk factors affecting the postoperative overall survival in elderly STS patients and to provide some guidance and assistance in clinical treatment. The study included 2,353 elderly STS patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. To find independent predictive variables, we employed the Cox proportional risk regression model. R software was used to develop and validate the nomogram model to predict postoperative overall survival. The performance and practical value of the nomogram were evaluated using calibration curves, the area under the curve, and decision curve analysis. Age, tumor primary site, disease stage, tumor size, tumor grade, N stage, and marital status, are the risk variables of postoperative overall survival, and the prognostic model was constructed on this basis. In the two sets, both calibration curves and receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the nomogram had high predictive accuracy and discriminative power, while decision curve analysis demonstrated that the model had good clinical usefulness. A predictive nomogram was designed and tested to evaluate postoperative overall survival in elderly STS patients. The nomogram allows clinical practitioners to more accurately evaluate the prognosis of individual patients, facilitates the progress of individualized treatment, and provides clinical guidance.","['D006801', 'D000368', 'D005260', 'D012509', 'D008297', 'D049451', 'D011379', 'D000369', 'D018426', 'D012307', 'D012372', 'D016016']"
38956224,Classification of brain tumor types through MRIs using parallel CNNs and firefly optimization.,"Image segmentation is a critical and challenging endeavor in the field of medicine. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan is a helpful method for locating any abnormal brain tissue these days. It is a difficult undertaking for radiologists to diagnose and classify the tumor from several pictures. This work develops an intelligent method for accurately identifying brain tumors. This research investigates the identification of brain tumor types from MRI data using convolutional neural networks and optimization strategies. Two novel approaches are presented: the first is a novel segmentation technique based on firefly optimization (FFO) that assesses segmentation quality based on many parameters, and the other is a combination of two types of convolutional neural networks to categorize tumor traits and identify the kind of tumor. These upgrades are intended to raise the general efficacy of the MRI scan technique and increase identification accuracy. Using MRI scans from BBRATS2018, the testing is carried out, and the suggested approach has shown improved performance with an average accuracy of 98.6%.","['D008279', 'D001932', 'D006801', 'D016571', 'D007091', 'D000465', 'D001921']"
38956212,Treatment outcomes in cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis.,"This retrospective cohort study investigated patients with cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis (CMV AU) and compared treatment outcomes between regional and systemic antiviral therapies. Treatment modalities included topical (2% ganciclovir [GCV] eye drops or 0.2% GCV eye gel) and systemic (intravenous GCV or oral valganciclovir) groups. The comparison parameters included response rates, time to response, recurrence rates, time to recurrence, and complications. Forty-four patients (54.5% male) with a mean age of 56 ± 9.87 years were enrolled, with 31 eyes in the topical group and 13 eyes in the systemic group. The median response time was significantly slower in the topical group (63 days [IQR 28-112]) compared to the systemic group (28 days [IQR 24-59]) (p = 0.04). Treatment response rates were 87.1% (27/31) in the topical group and 100% (13/13) in the systemic group (p = 0.30), while recurrence rates were 37% (10/27) and 69.2% (9/13) (p = 0.056), with a median time to recurrence of 483 days [IQR 145-1388] and 392 days [IQR 203.5-1907.5] (p = 0.20), respectively. In conclusion, both topical and systemic GCV treatments demonstrated favorable outcomes for CMV AU. Systemic GCV showed rapid control of intraocular inflammation.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D003586', 'D014606', 'D000998', 'D012189', 'D016896', 'D015774', 'D000368', 'D003587', 'D000328', 'D000077562', 'D012008', 'D009883']"
38956186,Aperiodic component of EEG power spectrum and cognitive performance are modulated by education in aging.,"Recent studies have shown a growing interest in the so-called ""aperiodic"" component of the EEG power spectrum, which describes the overall trend of the whole spectrum with a linear or exponential function. In the field of brain aging, this aperiodic component is associated both with age-related changes and performance on cognitive tasks. This study aims to elucidate the potential role of education in moderating the relationship between resting-state EEG features (including aperiodic component) and cognitive performance in aging. N = 179 healthy participants of the ""Leipzig Study for Mind-Body-Emotion Interactions"" (LEMON) dataset were divided into three groups based on age and education. Older adults exhibited lower exponent, offset (i.e. measures of aperiodic component), and Individual Alpha Peak Frequency (IAPF) as compared to younger adults. Moreover, visual attention and working memory were differently associated with the aperiodic component depending on education: in older adults with high education, higher exponent predicted slower processing speed and less working memory capacity, while an opposite trend was found in those with low education. While further investigation is needed, this study shows the potential modulatory role of education in the relationship between the aperiodic component of the EEG power spectrum and aging cognition.","['D006801', 'D004569', 'D003071', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D000375', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D008570', 'D055815', 'D001921', 'D004522', 'D001288', 'D000369']"
38956182,A real-world study of foreign body aspiration in children with 4227 cases in Western China.,"The early diagnosis and treatment of foreign body aspiration (FBA) can significantly improve the overall prognosis of children. There are significant differences in the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of FBA in different regions. Therefore, we conducted a real-world study in the western region of China with over 4000 patients. The aim of this study was to improve the understanding of FBA in terms of its types, the specific months of its occurrence, and the distribution of primary caregiver characteristics in western China. We collected the clinical and epidemiological data of children who were diagnosed with FBA in our hospital over the past 20 years through a big data centre. We matched the data of healthy children who underwent routine physical examinations at the paediatric health clinic during the same period to analyse the differences in the data of actual guardians. A total of 4227 patients from five provinces were included in this study. Foreign bodies were removed by rigid bronchoscopy in 99.4% (4202/4227) of patients, with a median age of 19 months and a median surgical duration 16 min. January was the most common month of onset for 1725 patients, followed by February, with 1027 patients. The most common types of foreign objects were melon peanuts, seeds and walnuts, accounting for 47.2%, 15.3%, and 10.2%, respectively. In the FBA group, the proportion of grandparents who were primary caregivers was 70.33% (2973/4227), which was significantly greater than the 63.05% in the healthy group (2665/4227) (P < 0.01). FBA most commonly occurs in January and February. More than 60% of FBAs occur between the ages of 1 and 2 years, and the incidence of FBA may be greater in children who are cared for by grandparents. A rigid bronchoscope can be used to remove most aspirated foreign bodies in a median of 16 min.","['D006801', 'D005547', 'D002681', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D007223', 'D002675', 'D001999', 'D002648', 'D053120', 'D000293']"
38956162,Preoperative visualization of the greater occipital nerve with magnetic resonance imaging in candidates for occipital nerve decompression for headaches.,"Occipital nerve decompression is effective in reducing headache symptoms in select patients with migraine and occipital neuralgia. Eligibility for surgery relies on subjective symptoms and responses to nerve blocks and Onabotulinum toxin A (Botox) injections. No validated objective method exists for detecting occipital headache pathologies. The purpose of the study is to explore the potential of high-resolution Magnetic Resolution Imaging (MRI) in identifying greater occipital nerve (GON) pathologies in chronic headache patients. The MRI protocol included three sequences targeting fat-suppressed fluid-sensitive T2-weighted signals. Visualization of the GON involved generating 2-D image slices with sequential rotation to track the nerve course. Twelve patients underwent pre-surgical MRI assessment. MRI identified four main pathologies that were validated against intra-operative examination: GON entanglement by the occipital artery, increased nerve thickness and hyperintensity suggesting inflammation compared to the non-symptomatic contralateral side, early GON branching with rejoining at a distal point, and a connection between the GON and the lesser occipital nerve. MRI possesses the ability to visualize the GON and identify suspected trigger points associated with headache symptoms. This case series highlights MRI's potential to provide objective evidence of nerve pathology. Further research is warranted to establish MRI as a gold standard for diagnosing extracranial contributors in headaches.","['D006801', 'D008279', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D006261', 'D019299', 'D013127', 'D000368', 'D011300']"
38956154,Construction of a novel prognostic scoring model for HBV-ACLF liver failure based on dynamic data.,"Early prognostic assessment of patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is important for guiding clinical management and reducing mortality. The aim of this study was to dynamically monitor the clinical characteristics of HBV-ACLF patients, thereby allowing the construction of a novel prognostic scoring model to predict the outcome of HBV-ACLF patients. Clinical data was prospectively collected for 518 patients with HBV-ACLF and randomly divided into training and validation sets. We constructed day-1, day-2, and day-(1 + 3) prognostic score models based on dynamic time points. The prognostic risk score constructed for day-3 was found to have the best predictive ability. The factors included in this scoring system, referred to as DSM-ACLF-D3, were age, hepatic encephalopathy, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein, blood glucose, neutrophil count, fibrin, and INR. ROC analysis revealed the area under the curve predicted by DSM-ACLF-D3 for 28-day and 90-day mortality (0.901 and 0.889, respectively) was significantly better than those of five other scoring systems: COSSH-ACLF IIs (0.882 and 0.836), COSSH-ACLFs (0.863 and 0.832), CLIF-C ACLF (0.838 and 0.766), MELD (0.782 and 0.762) and MELD-Na (0.756 and 0.731). Dynamic monitoring of the changes in clinical factors can therefore significantly improve the accuracy of scoring models. Evaluation of the probability density function and risk stratification by DSM-ACLF-D3 also resulted in the best predictive values for mortality. The novel DSM-ACLF-D3 prognostic scoring model based on dynamic data can improve early warning, prediction and clinical management of HBV-ACLF patients.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D011379', 'D065290', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D006515', 'D012372', 'D006509', 'D011446', 'D000368']"
38956148,Development and validation of an intraoperative hypothermia nomograph model for patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy: a retrospective study.,"This study aimed to develop and internally validate a nomogram model for assessing the risk of intraoperative hypothermia in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) lobectomy. This study is a retrospective study. A total of 530 patients who undergoing VATS lobectomy from January 2022 to December 2023 in a tertiary hospital in Wuhan were selected. Patients were divided into hypothermia group (n = 346) and non-hypothermia group (n = 184) according to whether hypothermia occurred during the operation. Lasso regression was used to screen the independent variables. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of hypothermia during operation, and a nomogram model was established. Bootstrap method was used to internally verify the nomogram model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the discrimination of the model. Calibration curve and Hosmer Lemeshow test were used to evaluate the accuracy of the model. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the clinical utility of the model. Intraoperative hypothermia occurred in 346 of 530 patients undergoing VATS lobectomy (65.28%). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, serum total bilirubin, inhaled desflurane, anesthesia duration, intraoperative infusion volume, intraoperative blood loss and body mass index were risk factors for intraoperative hypothermia in patients undergoing VATS lobectomy (P < 0.05). The area under ROC curve was 0.757, 95% CI (0.714-0.799). The optimal cutoff value was 0.635, the sensitivity was 0.717, and the specificity was 0.658. These results suggested that the model was well discriminated. Calibration curve has shown that the actual values are generally in agreement with the predicted values. Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that χ2 = 5.588, P = 0.693, indicating that the model has a good accuracy. The DCA results confirmed that the model had high clinical utility. The nomogram model constructed in this study showed good discrimination, accuracy and clinical utility in predicting patients with intraoperative hypothermia, which can provide reference for medical staff to screen high-risk of intraoperative hypothermia in patients undergoing VATS lobectomy.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D020775', 'D008875', 'D012189', 'D007035', 'D049451', 'D000368', 'D012307', 'D012372', 'D011013', 'D007431', 'D008175', 'D000328', 'D016015']"
38956127,Clinical features and treatment outcomes of intraocular and ocular adnexal metastasis.,"The aim of this study was to investigate the primary sites, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes of patients with metastatic tumors in the eye and ocular adnexa. This retrospective case series consisted of 42 patients diagnosed with intraocular metastasis (IM) or ocular adnexal metastasis (OAM) at a tertiary center between January 2001 and June 2023. The patients comprised 18 men and 24 women; 24 (57%) and 18 (43%) patients were diagnosed with IM and OAM, respectively. In the IM group, the primary tumors originated from the lungs (79%), followed by the breasts (17%). In the OAM group, the primary tumors originated from the breasts (33%). Previously, 57% of the patients had been diagnosed with cancer. In the IM group, 38% exhibited bilateral involvement. Only 6% of the patients with OAM had bilateral diseases. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) was 42%, 18%, and 7%, respectively. The median OS since metastasis diagnosis in the lungs and breast was 11.8 and 10.5 months, respectively. Lung cancer remains the predominant primary cancer in IM, whereas breast cancer is the major cancer in OAM. Despite poor OS, early detection will facilitate the prompt treatment of primary cancer and metastatic sites.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D005134', 'D000368', 'D012189', 'D000328', 'D016896', 'D008175', 'D001943', 'D000369', 'D009362']"
38956118,"Real-time and video-recorded pain assessment in beef cattle: clinical application and reliability in young, adult bulls undergoing surgical castration.","Bovine pain assessment relies on validated behavioral scales related to normal and pain-related behaviors. This study investigated the reliability and applicability of real-time and video-recorded pain assessment, and their agreement, in young, adult bulls undergoing surgical castration. Ten Nelore and nine Angus bulls underwent general anesthesia and surgical castration. Three-minute real-time observations and simultaneous videos were recorded at - 48 h (M0), before sedation, under fasting (M1), after surgery, 3 h after sternal recumbency (M2), after rescue analgesia (M3) and at 24 h (M4). Animals received morphine (after M2), dipyrone (after M3), and flunixin meglumine after surgical castration (M4). Two trained evaluators assessed real-time (n = 95) and video-recorded time-points (n = 95) using the Unesp-Botucatu Cattle Pain Scale (UCAPS). Both assessment methods inferred 'very good' reliability (≥ 0.81) with minimal bias, however, video-recorded assessment (4.33 ± 2.84) demonstrated slightly higher scores compared to real-time (3.08 ± 2.84). The results from this study suggest that UCAPS can be used in real-time or video-recorded to assess pain and guide analgesic therapy in cattle.","['D000818', 'D008297', 'D002417', 'D010147', 'D014741', 'D009919', 'D015203', 'D003002', 'D010146', 'D009020', 'D004177', 'D010149']"
38956090,Hemodialysis-induced positional changes in lamina cribrosa.,"This study is aimed to investigate the effect of hemodialysis (HD) on the lamina cribrosa (LC) of the optic nerve head (ONH) using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and other ophthalmological parameters in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). This prospective observational study included 29 patients who underwent HD for ESKD. ONH parameters including neural canal diameter (NCD), peripapillary vertical height (PVH), and anterior LC depth (LCD), were assessed using SS-OCT. Changes in the ONH parameters before and after HD were statistically analysed. Correlations between changes in the LCD and other ocular and systemic measurements were identified using Pearson's correlation analyses. The mean anterior LCD significantly decreased from 441.6 ± 139.8 μm before HD to 413.5 ± 141.7 μm after HD (P = 0.001). Mean NCD and PVH did not show significant changes after HD (P = 0.841 and P = 0.574, respectively). A significant correlation was found between changes in the anterior LCD and the mean ocular perfusion pressure (r = 0.397, P = 0.036). We observed a significant decrease in anterior LCD after HD. Our study suggests that HD can influence the ONH, especially in the LC.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D006435', 'D041623', 'D009898', 'D011446', 'D000368', 'D007676', 'D000328']"
38956083,Age-appropriate BMI cut-offs for malnutrition among older adults in India.,"With the increasing prevalence of obesity in India, body mass index (BMI) has garnered importance as a disease predictor. The current World Health Organization (WHO) body mass index (BMI) cut-offs may not accurately portray these health risks in older adults aged 60 years and above. This study aims to define age-appropriate cut-offs for older adults (60-74 years and 75 years and above) and compare the performance of these cut-offs with the WHO BMI cut-offs using cardio-metabolic conditions as outcomes. Using baseline data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), classification and regression tree (CART) cross-sectional analysis was conducted to obtain age-appropriate BMI cut-offs based on cardio-metabolic conditions as outcomes. Logistic regression models were estimated to compare the association of the two sets of cut-offs with cardio-metabolic outcomes. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity were estimated. Agreement with waist circumference, an alternate measure of adiposity, was conducted. For older adults aged 60-74 years and 75 years and above, the cut-off for underweight reduced from < 18.5 to < 17.4 and < 13.3 respectively. The thresholds for overweight and obese increased for older adults aged 60-74 years old from >  = 25 to > 28.8 and >  = 30 to > 33.7 respectively. For older adults aged 75 years and above, the thresholds decreased for both categories. The largest improvement in AUC was observed in older adults aged 75 years and above. The newly derived cut-offs also demonstrated higher sensitivity and specificity among all age-sex stratifications. There is a need to adopt greater rigidity in defining overweight/obesity among older adults aged 75 years and above, as opposed to older adults aged 60-74 years old among whom the thresholds need to be less conservative. Further stratification in the low risk category could also improve BMI classification among older adults. These age-specific thresholds may act as improved alternatives of the current WHO BMI thresholds and improve classification among older adults in India.","['D006801', 'D000368', 'D015992', 'D007194', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D044342', 'D003430', 'D009765', 'D000367', 'D012372', 'D000369', 'D008137', 'D050177', 'D055105', 'D013851']"
38955894,Management of circumscribed choroidal hemangioma at a tertiary care center.,To review long-term outcomes of circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH).,"['D006801', 'D002830', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D012189', 'D008875', 'D041623', 'D005451', 'D000328', 'D062606', 'D006391', 'D014792', 'D000368', 'D005500', 'D010778', 'D006979', 'D005654', 'D055815', 'D002829']"
38955745,[Issues in the diagnosis and evaluation of pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].,"Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may present with various forms of pulmonary aspergillosis, including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis, and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Accurate diagnosis and disease evaluation are essential for tailoring individualized treatment strategies. Key aspects include: (1) Comprehensive assessment of IPA risk factors, with enhanced monitoring for critically ill patients; (2) Understanding the clinical manifestations and radiological features of different forms of pulmonary aspergillosis and emphasizing the importance of bronchoscopic examination; (3) Obtaining microbiological evidence whenever possible; (4) Differentiating colonization from infection to avoid overdiagnosis; (5) Vigilance for co-existing sensitization to Aspergillus. During treatment and long-term disease management, the use of inhaled or systemic corticosteroids and antifungal agents should be dynamically adjusted according to the patient's condition.","['D006801', 'D029424', 'D055732', 'D012307', 'D055744', 'D000935', 'D001999']"
38955706,[Clinicopathological analysis of atypical endocervical cells in cervical cytology].,目的： 探讨非典型宫颈管腺细胞（atypical endocervical cells，AEC）的临床病理学特征。 方法： 收集首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院2021年3月至2023年12月宫颈液基细胞学判读为AEC病例的人乳头瘤病毒（humanpapilloma virus，HPV）、组织学等资料并分析。 结果： AEC共123例，检出率为0.09%（123/131 966），包括98例非典型宫颈管腺细胞-非特异（AEC，nototherwise specified，AEC-NOS）和25例非典型宫颈管腺细胞-倾向于肿瘤（AEC，favor neoplastic，AEC-FN）。AEC-NOS及AEC-FN病例HPV阳性率分别为35.6%、65.2%。AEC-NOS病例中73例有组织学随访结果，13例为高级别上皮病变，包括2例子宫内膜非典型增生、7例宫颈HPV相关性腺癌及原位腺癌、4例宫颈高级别鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL）及鳞状细胞癌。AEC-FN病例中20例有组织学结果，16例组织学为高级别上皮病变，包括2例子宫内膜腺癌、8例宫颈HPV相关性原位腺癌及腺癌、1例宫颈胃型腺癌、5例宫颈HSIL及鳞状细胞癌；2例活检病理为良性的AEC-FN病例，复阅细胞涂片后，细胞学仍高度提示存在宫颈高级别腺上皮病变。 结论： AEC提示宫颈癌及癌前病变风险性增高，尤其是宫颈腺癌及原位腺癌；HPV阴性的AEC病例出现宫颈癌及癌前病变的风险性明显较HPV阳性者低；对于AEC-FN病例，无论是否感染HPV、无论初次活检结果如何，都要引起高度重视。.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D002583', 'D002584', 'D002578', 'D030361', 'D000230', 'D027383', 'D002294', 'D014626', 'D000093222']"
38955703,[Value of histological activity in predicting endoscopic relapse among patients of ulcerative colitis in endoscopic remission].,"Objective: To investigate the value of histological evaluation in predicting endoscopic relapse among patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) who were in endoscopic remission, and to compare the usefulness of various histological scoring systems. Methods: Histological sections from 61 patients with UC who were in endoscopic remission were retrospectively analyzed, at Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China from January 2015 to June 2021. They were subdivided into endoscopic persistent remission group (remission group, n=31, Mayo endoscopic score 0) and endoscopic relapse group (relapse group, n=30, Mayo endoscopic score≥1) according to the results of the first endoscopic reexamination after the biopsy. Histological evaluation was performed using the Geboes score (GS) and its simplified version (SGS), the Nancy index (NI) and the Robarts histopathological index (RHI). The median and maximum histological scores for each case in all biopsies were recorded. Univariate comparisons were performed using chi-squares and multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression. The values of four histological evaluation systems for predicting endoscopic relapse among UC patients in endoscopic remission were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: Significant differences were observed between the remission and relapse groups. The differences were more pronounced in the maximum histological scores; the mean and highest results of area under the ROC curve scores (AUC) for GS, SGS, NI, and RHI were 0.657, 0.668, 0.682, 0.691, and 0.866, 0.863, 0.864, 0.869, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The corresponding best cut-offs were GS≥2B.1, SGS≥2B.1, NI≥2, and RHI≥2.5, respectively, which meant mild active inflammation histologically, while there was no statistical difference of AUC among the four histological scoring indices (P>0.05). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed statistically significant differences in the number of neutrophils in the epithelium and lamina propria (P<0.05). Conclusions: Biopsies from UC patients in endoscopic remission may still have histological active inflammation which appears to correlate with endoscopic relapse. Four commonly used histological scoring systems can be used to assess the risk of endoscopic relapse among UC patients in endoscopic remission. The patients who more likely have endoscopic relapse seem to have a histological score greater than the cut-off value (i.e., mild histological activity). The maximum histological scores can accurately predict the risk of endoscopic relapse, while the presence of epithelial and laminar propria neutrophil infiltrates can independently predict the endoscopic relapse in these patients. Considering the utility and convenience in routine practice, NI is recommended for evaluating histological inflammatory activity.","['D003093', 'D006801', 'D012189', 'D012008', 'D001706', 'D003113', 'D012074', 'D012372', 'D011237', 'D012720', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328']"
38955701,[Clinicopathological and molecular genetic features of confined placental mosaicism].,"Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological and genetic features of confined placental mosaicism (CPM) and its effect on fetal intrauterine growth. Methods: Fourteen CPM cases of Haidian Maternal and Children Health Hospital were collected from May 2018 to March 2022. Clinicopathological examination on placental specimens and molecular genetic analysis were performed. Results: The age of the parturient women ranged from 27 to 34 years, with an average age of (30.0±3.54) years. The gestational weeks ranged from 35+1 to 41+2 weeks. There were 4 premature births and 10 term births, among which 6 were female and 8 were male fetuses. Nine cases (9/14) had adverse pregnancy outcomes, including 7 cases of fetal growth restriction. The weight of CPM placenta decreased, with 6 cases below the 10th percentile of weight standards and 5 cases between the 10th and 25th percentile. All 14 CPM placental specimens showed morphological changes of perfusion dysfunction to varying degrees, with mainly placental-maternal vascular malperfusion followed by placental-fetal vascular malperfusion. The mosaic chromosomes in different CPM cases varied, with 16-trisomy/monosomy mosaicism being the most common followed by 7-trisomy and 21-trisomy/monosomy mosaicism. The mosaic proportion was unequal in different parts of the same CPM placenta, with the mosaic proportion of umbilical cord, fetal membranes, fetal surface, maternal surface, and edge ranging from 1% to 70%. Conclusions: The mosaic chromosomes in different CPM cases vary, and the mosaic proportion is unequal in different parts of the same CPM placenta. The pathological morphology is mainly manifested as perfusion dysfunction, which can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as fetal growth restriction and preterm birth.","['D006801', 'D011247', 'D009030', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D010920', 'D005317', 'D011256', 'D008297', 'D010922', 'D014314', 'D007231', 'D005865']"
38955687,[Clinical characteristics analysis of 4 cases with acute flaccid myelitis in children].,"Objective: To summarize the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) in children. Methods: Clinical characteristics of 4 AFM cases from Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, from September 2018 to November 2022, were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The age of 4 children with AFM was 7 years, 4 years and 3 months, 7 years and 1 month, 6 years and 5 months, respectively. There were 2 boys and 2 girls. Prodromal infection status showed 3 children of respiratory tract infection and 1 child of digestive tract infection. The main manifestation was asymmetrical limb weakness after infection, and the affected limb range was from monoplegia to quadriplegia. Cranial nerve injury was involved in 1 child, no encephalopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging in the spinal cord of all 4 children showed long T1 and T2 signals, mainly involving gray matter. Cerebrospinal fluid cell-protein separation was observed in 2 children. Pathogen detected in 1 child pharyngeal swab was enterovirus D68. Antibody IgM to adenovirus was positive in the blood of 1 child. Antibody IgG against Echo and Coxsackie B virus were positive in the blood of another child. After glucocorticoid, human immunoglobulin or simple symptomatic treatment and at the same time under later rehabilitation training, muscle strength recovered to different degrees, but there were disabilities left in 3 children. Conclusions: AFM should be considered in children with acute and asymmetrical flaccid paralysis accompanied by abnormal magnetic resonance imaging signal in the central region of spinal cord, especially post-infection. The effective treatment is limited and the prognosis is poor.","['D006801', 'D009187', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002648', 'D002675', 'D012189', 'D008279', 'D020805', 'D009468', 'D030016', 'D011379', 'D013116', 'D004769', 'D011782', 'D012141']"
38955681,[Therapeutic effectiveness of modified endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy for acute appendicitis of different severities in children].,"Objective: To investigate the effects of modified endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy (mERAT) on the treatment of children with different severities of acute appendicitis. Methods: This study was a case-control study. A total of 586 children with acute appendicitis, who were admitted to the Pediatric Department of Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University between January 2019 and November 2023, were selected as the research subjects. According to the severity of the disease, the patients were divided into simple appendicitis group, suppurative appendicitis group and perforated appendicitis group. The baseline data, hospitalization treatment and costs, outcomes, and recurrence in each group were analyzed, and the difference in the effectiveness of mERAT between the groups were compared by Kruskal-Wallis H test and χ2 test. Results: Among 586 children, there were 338 males and 248 females. The age at onset was 7.0 (4.6, 9.4) years. There were 475 cases of simple appendicitis, 78 cases of suppurative appendicitis, and 33 cases of perforated appendicitis. There were no significant differences in age and gender among the three groups (F=0.59, χ2=3.31, both P>0.05). However, there were statistically significant differences in body temperature, white blood cell counts, neutrophil percentage, lymphocyte percentage, nausea or vomiting, right lower abdominal pain, umbilical pain, right lower abdominal tenderness, and right lower abdominal rebound pain (H=7.56, 161.52, 169.11, and 169.61, χ2=12.05, 13.82, 12.05, 7.74, 20.35, and 94.61, all P<0.05). Also, the treatment time, postoperative hospital stay, total hospital stay, and cost showed statistically significant differences (H=4.70, 33.66, 34.99, 30.37, all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the initial treatment success rate (98.1% (466/475) vs. 98.7% (77/78) vs. 90.9% (30/33), P=0.057). During the 30 (23, 36) months of follow-up, the recurrence rate was 7.9% (35/433) in the simple appendicitis group, 20.8% (15/72) in the suppurative appendicitis group, and 30.0% (9/30) in the perforated appendicitis group, with a statistically significant difference (χ2=23.56, P<0.001). Among the children with recurrent appendicitis, 15 cases still chose mERAT, of them 11 cases (31.2%) had simple appendicitis, 2 cases (2/15) had suppurative appendicitis, and 2 cases (2/9) had perforated appendicitis.The latest time to recurrence in the 3 groups was 32, 35 and 10 months, respectively. Conclusion: Treatment with mERAT has a good effect in pediatric simple appendicitis, but has a higher recurrence rate despite a better initial treatment success rate in suppurative appendicitis and perforated appendicitis.","['D006801', 'D001064', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002648', 'D016022', 'D016896', 'D002675', 'D001062', 'D000208', 'D004724', 'D012720', 'D012008', 'D006760', 'D007902']"
38955453,"Incorporating ultrasonography to the nutritional assessment process in intensive care settings to improve the prescription of enteral and parenteral nutrition: Benefits, practicality, and challenges.","The validity of the traditional nutritional assessment tools in intensive care settings might be compromised when the patient has conditions such as oedema and inflammation. Ultrasound (US) is considered a non-invasive, bedside tool that can be utilized to assess changes in muscle mass. Hence, US could guide healthcare practitioners in identifying the varying degrees of malnutrition and adjusting the nutritional prescription accordingly. This review discusses the currently available data regarding the feasibility and practicality of using US measurements in intensive care settings. Overall, the data suggest that using US as part of the standard anthropometric assessment for critically ill patients is a promising tool to track variations in muscle mass. This has the potential to enhance nutritional prescription and tailor the provision of protein and energy to critically ill patients based on their lean body mass measurements. Therefore, it is recommended to train dietitians on utilizing US for body composition measurements.","['D006801', 'D015596', 'D014463', 'D004750', 'D016638', 'D010288', 'D003422', 'D007362', 'D001823', 'D044342']"
38955445,Focal dystonia in an adult with L-2- hydroxyglutaric aciduria.,"L-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria (L-2-HGA) is a rare disorder. The patients have psychomotor retardation, ataxia, macrocephaly, and epilepsy usually in childhood. We present a case of L-2-HGA who developed dystonia in the third decade of life. The family reported symptoms of progressive psychomotor regression since childhood. On assessment, the patient had mild impairment of higher mental functions, mild exotropia, and right-hand dystonia. Brain MRI revealed diffuse bilateral symmetrical subcortical white matter hyperintense signals. 2-hydroxyglutaric acid in urine was elevated and the whole genome sequencing revealed a homogeneous pathogenic variant of the L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (L2HGDH) gene. The prognosis was explained to the caregivers. Patients with mild phenotype L-2-HGA can remain undiagnosed until adulthood. Cases of dystonia even without complaints of epilepsy should be investigated by MRI -brain, urine test and genetic testing to rule out L-2-HGA.","['D006801', 'D008279', 'D020821', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D000429', 'D005260', 'D020739']"
38955439,"A cross-sectional analysis of preterm birth incidence and survival in Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia.","To understand the prevalence and survival rates of preterm birth (PTB) is of utmost importance in informing healthcare planning, improving neonatal care, enhancing maternal and infant health, monitoring long-term outcomes, and guiding policy and advocacy efforts.","['D006801', 'D012529', 'D005260', 'D047928', 'D007231', 'D003430', 'D008297', 'D015994', 'D011247', 'D005865', 'D007234', 'D007226', 'D015996', 'D001724', 'D007223', 'D007363', 'D052577', 'D001034']"
38955389,Advancing equity in breast cancer care: natural language processing for analysing treatment outcomes in under-represented populations.,"The study aimed to develop natural language processing (NLP) algorithms to automate extracting patient-centred breast cancer treatment outcomes from clinical notes in electronic health records (EHRs), particularly for women from under-represented populations.","['D006801', 'D009323', 'D001943', 'D005260', 'D057286', 'D000465', 'D016896', 'D014481']"
38955387,Extramammary breast cancer of the vulva.,"A woman in her 70s was seen in the gynaecology outpatient clinic with a swelling on the right side of the vulva. Surgical excision of the lesion revealed unexpectedly an extensive ductal carcinoma in situ with a focus of a grade 2 invasive ductal carcinoma arising in extramammary breast tissue of the vulva. Postoperative staging studies showed normal breasts, with no evidence of disease elsewhere. The patient underwent a wider excision of the right vulva and sentinel node biopsy of the right inguinal region, which revealed no further disease. The patient is currently taking adjuvant hormonal therapy and has remained disease free at 2-year follow-up. This case underscores the importance of considering rare presentations of vulvar malignancies and the necessity for a multidisciplinary approach in managing such cases.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D014846', 'D000368', 'D001943', 'D021701', 'D014844', 'D002285']"
38955385,Rare mandibular condition presenting as trismus: an exploration of IgG4-related disease.,"A woman in her 30s presented with a 12-month history of reduced mouth opening and swelling on the right side of her mandible. The swelling was non-tender and firm on palpation. The swelling began to increase in size after the extraction of her carious wisdom tooth. Histopathological and serological examinations confirmed the diagnosis of IgG4-related disease, manifested as a mass in the mandible. The patient was prescribed oral corticosteroids at a tapering dosage over 8 weeks. After 3 months, there was an improvement in the patient's mouth opening and a reduction in the size of the swelling. The patient remains in follow-up care. Including IgG4-related disease in the list of potential diagnoses for oral soft tissue masses is crucial, given their positive response to medical treatment, highlighting the significance of an accurate diagnosis to prevent unnecessary surgery, with oral lesions potentially serving as early indicators before multiorgan complications arise.","['D006801', 'D014313', 'D005260', 'D000077733', 'D000328', 'D003937', 'D008336', 'D008334', 'D007074']"
38955382,Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland presenting as a gigantic cervicofacial mass.,"When neglected for a long time, salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma (PA) can attain a considerable size, increasing the patient's morbidity along with the risk of malignant transformation. Very few case reports are available describing PA of the parotid glands presenting as a large cervicofacial mass. We report a case of epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma -a rare subtype of carcinoma ex-PA (Ca-Ex-PA) of non-luminal differentiation, that developed over a long period in a primary PA of the parotid gland and presented as a giant cervicofacial mass.","['D006801', 'D008949', 'D010307', 'D008297', 'D010306', 'D003937', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D002277', 'D012468']"
38955380,Ectopic pregnancy in uterosacral ligament following in vitro fertilisation (IVF) in a patient with Allen-Masters syndrome.,"We describe the case of a woman with mild endometriosis and Allen-Masters syndrome after in vitro fertilisation (IVF), presenting at 7 weeks 2 days gestation with abdominal pain. A transvaginal ultrasound revealed a gestational sac with a non-viable fetus near the right ovary. Laparoscopy was performed due to escalating abdominal pain which revealed a ruptured ectopic pregnancy at the right uterosacral ligament (USL) and blood in the pouch of Douglas. A peritoneal incision along the USL facilitated drainage and removal of the ectopic pregnancy. A pathological investigation described the presence of endometrial tissue directly adjacent to products of conception, which suggested a retroperitoneal implantation that may have been facilitated by the presence of an endometriotic lesion. This case underscores the distinctive clinical trajectory of unconventional ectopic pregnancies, provides novel insights into the pathophysiological mechanism of ectopic implantation and underscores the crucial role of comprehensive patient assessment during IVF and subsequent pregnancy in ensuring effective management.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D005307', 'D011271', 'D000328', 'D008022', 'D004715', 'D015746', 'D010535', 'D013577', 'D014599']"
38955682,[Analysis of the relationship between intestinal segmented filamentous bacteria and rotavirus infection in children].,"Objective: To investigate the association between intestinal colonization of segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) and the risk of rotavirus infection, and the possible mechanisms by which SFB resist rotavirus infection. Methods: This case-control study enrolled 50 children aged 0 to 5 years who present to the outpatient Department of Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine with diarrhea and positive stool tests for rotavirus. The children were divided into rotavirus enteritis group and control group consisting of 55 children with non-gastrointestinal and non-infectious surgical diseases.The age and sex composition of the two groups was matched. The DNA of the fecal flora was extracted and SFB was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis. The children in the rotavirus enteritis group and the control group were subgrouped by age and sex to analyze the differences in SFB positivity rates between different groups, and further compare and analyze the differences in SFB positivity rates between these two groups of children in the ≤2 years old subgroup and the >2-5 years old subgroup. Neutralization test was performed with p3340 protein and rotavirus to determine the relationship between rotavirus infection rate and p3340 concentration in Vero cells. χ2 test or Fisher's exact probability method was used for comparison between the two groups. Results: There were 50 children in the rotavirus enteritis group with an age of (1.7±0.9) years, and 55 children in the control group with an age of (1.8±1.1) years. The positive rate of SFB in children with rotavirus enteritis showed a declining trend across ages groups, with the highest rate of 10/14 in the ≤1 year old group, followed by 67% (14/21) in the >1-2 years old group, 9/15 in the >2-5 years old group, and there was no statistically significant difference (P=0.867). The positive rate of SFB in the control group was 12/15 in the ≤1 year old group, 95% (19/20) in the >1-2 years old group, 50% (10/20) in the >2-5 years old group, with statistical significance (P=0.004). The positive rate of SFB in children with rotavirus enteritis was 74% (20/27) in males and 56% (13/23) in females (χ2=1.71, P=0.192). In the control group, it was 79% (22/28) in males and 70% (19/27) in females (χ2=0.49, P=0.485). The positive rate of SFB was 66% (33/50) in the rotavirus enteritis group and 75% (41/55) in the control group, with no statistically significant (χ2=0.56, P=0.454). In the children ≤2 years old, the SFB positivity rate was 69% (24/35) in the rotavirus enteritis group and 89% (31/35) in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (χ2=4.16, P=0.041). However, in the children >2-5 years old, no statistically significant difference was observed, with the positive rate of SFB being 9/15 in the rotavirus enteritis group and 50% (10/20) in the control group (P=0.734). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between rotavirus infection and SFB positivity (r=-0.87,P<0.001). As the concentration of the p3340 specific protein increased, the luminescence intensity of the luciferase in the Vero cells, which were suitable for cultivating rotavirus, exhibited a decreasing trend (F=4.17, P=0.001). Conclusions: SFB colonization in infants less than 2 years old is associated with a reduced risk of rotavirus infection. Cloning of specific SFB functional protein p3340 neutralizes rotavirus infection of Vero cells, and this mechanism of targeting rotavirus infection differs from the common antiviral mechanism.","['D006801', 'D012400', 'D007223', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D016022', 'D002675', 'D012401', 'D005243', 'D003967', 'D004751', 'D007231', 'D007422', 'D000818']"
38954561,Correction to: Multi-View Feature Transformation Based SVM+ for Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Liver Cancers With Ultrasound Image.,"Presents corrections to the paper, Multi-View Feature Transformation Based SVM+ for Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Liver Cancers With Ultrasound Image.","['D006801', 'D008113', 'D014463', 'D007090', 'D060388', 'D008099', 'D003936']"
38954559,Protecting Prostate Cancer Classification From Rectal Artifacts via Targeted Adversarial Training.,"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based deep neural networks (DNN) have been widely developed to perform prostate cancer (PCa) classification. However, in real-world clinical situations, prostate MRIs can be easily impacted by rectal artifacts, which have been found to lead to incorrect PCa classification. Existing DNN-based methods typically do not consider the interference of rectal artifacts on PCa classification, and do not design specific strategy to address this problem. In this study, we proposed a novel Targeted adversarial training with Proprietary Adversarial Samples (TPAS) strategy to defend the PCa classification model against the influence of rectal artifacts. Specifically, based on clinical prior knowledge, we generated proprietary adversarial samples with rectal artifact-pattern adversarial noise, which can severely mislead PCa classification models optimized by the ordinary training strategy. We then jointly exploited the generated proprietary adversarial samples and original samples to train the models. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our strategy, we conducted analytical experiments on multiple PCa classification models. Compared with ordinary training strategy, TPAS can effectively improve the single- and multi-parametric PCa classification at patient, slice and lesion level, and bring substantial gains to recent advanced models. In conclusion, TPAS strategy can be identified as a valuable way to mitigate the influence of rectal artifacts on deep learning models for PCa classification.","['D006801', 'D016477', 'D008297', 'D011471', 'D008279', 'D012007', 'D016571', 'D007090', 'D000077321']"
38954281,Investigation of risk factors for vaginal dehiscence and development of small bowel evisceration after robot-assisted radical cystectomy for female bladder cancer and an improved vaginal reconstruction technique to prevent its onset.,"Transvaginal organ prolapse, such as small bowel evisceration, is a rare complication after radical cystectomy (RC) in female patients with invasive bladder cancer, However, it often requires emergency surgical repair. Here, we describe our experience with such a case and a review of similar previously reported cases, along with evaluation of the risk factors. We also propose a vaginal reconstruction technique to prevent this complication during robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy (RARC). A total of 178 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) or RARC were enrolled, 34 of whom (19%) were female. One of the 34 female patients had transvaginal small bowel evisceration after RARC. We evaluated our case and six such previously reported cases, to determine vaginal reconstruction techniques during RARC to prevent this complication postoperatively. Median age of these cases was 73 (51-80) years, and all patients were postmenopausal. The median time to small bowel evisceration was 14 (6-120) weeks postoperatively. In addition, we changed the methods of the vaginal reconstruction technique during RARC from the conventional side-to-side closure technique to the improved caudal-to-cephalad closure technique. Since implementing this change, we have not experienced any cases of vaginal vault dehiscence or organ prolapse. Transvaginal small bowel evisceration after RC can easily become severe. Therefore, all possible preventive measures should be taken during RARC. We believe that our vaginal reconstruction techniques might reduce the risk of developing this complication.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D015653', 'D065287', 'D008875', 'D012307', 'D000368', 'D007421', 'D014621', 'D001749', 'D011183', 'D019651', 'D000369', 'D013529', 'D010535']"
38954099,Incidence of anastomotic leakage using powered circular staplers versus manual circular staplers for left colorectal anastomosis: a cost-effectiveness analysis.,Colorectal anastomotic leakage causes severe consequences for patients and healthcare system as it will lead to increased consumption of hospital resources and costs. Technological improvements in anastomotic devices could reduce the incidence of leakage and its economic impact. The aim of the present study was to assess if the use of a new powered circular stapler is cost-effective.,"['D006801', 'D057868', 'D003362', 'D005260', 'D013528', 'D008297', 'D000714', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D015994', 'D017792', 'D003106', 'D012007', 'D057216', 'D000328', 'D000094703']"
38954073,Enucleation for intestinal duplications: a comparative study with intestinal resection and anastomosis.,"Duplication enucleation (DE) has been described as an alternative to intestinal resection with primary anastomosis (IRA) for intestinal duplications, but no comparative study exists. The aim of this study was to compare both surgical procedures for intestinal duplication.","['D006801', 'D012189', 'D000714', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D007223', 'D007422', 'D010535', 'D002675', 'D016896', 'D007902', 'D007231', 'D013505', 'D002648']"
38954056,Transanal proximal rectosigmoidectomy: a single-center experience in surgically treated severe medically refractory idiopathic constipation.,To present the functional results after a transanal proximal rectosigmoidectomy in patients with severe idiopathic constipation in which medical treatment has failed.,"['D006801', 'D003248', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002648', 'D000293', 'D002675', 'D012007', 'D012809', 'D055815', 'D016896', 'D012189', 'D011788']"
38954013,Management of urinary incontinence in girls with congenital pouch colon.,This study describes the management of urinary incontinence (UI) in eight girls with congenital pouch colon (CPC) associated with anorectal malformation (ARM).,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D014549', 'D000071056', 'D002648', 'D003106', 'D002675', 'D019651', 'D012189', 'D001743', 'D007223']"
38953407,Microbial creation of β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide and its regulation of lipid metabolism in the liver of high-fat diet mice.,"β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a biologically active nucleotide that regulates the physiological metabolism of the body by rapidly increasing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). To determine the safety and biological activity of NMN resources, we constructed a recombinant strain of P. pastoris that heterologously expresses nicotinamide-phosphate ribosyltransferase (NAMPT), and subsequently catalyzed and purified the expressed product to obtain NMN. Consequently, this study established a high-fat diet (HFD) obese model to investigate the lipid-lowering activity of NMN. The findings showed that NMN supplementation directly increased the NAD+ levels, and reduced HFD-induced liver injury and lipid deposition. NMN treatment significantly decreased total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in serum and liver, as well as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and insulin levels in serum (p < .05 or p < .01). In conclusion, this study combined synthetic biology with nutritional evaluation to confirm that P. pastoris-generated NMN modulated lipid metabolism in HFD mice, offering a theoretical framework and evidence for the application of microbially created NMN.","['D000818', 'D009537', 'D050356', 'D059305', 'D051379', 'D008099', 'D008297', 'D008810', 'D054409']"
38953271,[Intestinal Mantle Cell Lymphoma Complicated With Ileocecal Intussusception in Adults:Report of One Case].,"Intestinal mantle cell lymphoma complicated with intussusception is rare in clinical practice,lacking specific clinical manifestations.CT and colonoscopy are helpful for the diagnosis of this disease,which need to be distinguished from colorectal cancer,Crohn's disease,and other pathological subtypes of lymphoma.The diagnosis still needs to be confirmed by pathological examination.This paper reports a case of intestinal mantle cell lymphoma complicated with ileocecal intussusception in an adult,aiming to improve the clinical and imaging doctors' understanding of this disease.","['D006801', 'D020522', 'D007443', 'D008297', 'D007077', 'D007414', 'D008875', 'D007080']"
38953270,"[MRI-Based Assessment of Hepatic Iron Overload and Steatosis in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis:Current Status,Challenges,and Perspectives].","Long-term treatment of anemia involving frequent blood transfusions and intravenous iron administration increases the risks of hepatic iron overload and steatosis in the patients undergoing hemodialysis.Pathological accumulation of iron damages hepatocytes,not only elevating the risks of progressive hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis but also potentially accelerating the process of hepatic steatosis.Iron overload and steatosis may interact with each other,exacerbating liver damage and ultimately leading to further deterioration of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis.MRI characterized by non-invasiveness and high repeatability,enables the simultaneous quantitative assessment of hepatic iron and fat content,providing crucial information for early diagnosis and intervention of liver diseases.In recent years,researchers have achieved significant advances in the application of MRI in the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases.MRI can accurately reflect the extent of hepatic iron overload and steatosis in patients and predict the risk of liver diseases.This article reviews the latest advances,challenges,and perspectives in the application of MRI in assessing hepatic iron overload and steatosis in the patients undergoing hemodialysis,aiming to offer valuable references for clinical practice.","['D006801', 'D019190', 'D008279', 'D006435', 'D005234', 'D008099']"
38953257,[Correlations Between the Expression of MicroRNA-155 and Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 in Colonic Mucosal Tissue and Disease Severity in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis].,"Objective To explore the relationship between the expression levels of microRNA-155 (miR-155) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) in the colonic mucosal tissue of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and the severity of the disease.Methods A total of 130 UC patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from September 2021 to June 2023 were selected.According to the modified Mayo score system,the patients were assigned into an active stage group (n=85) and a remission stage group (n=45).According to the modified Truelove and Witts classification criteria,the UC patients at the active stage were assigned into a mild group (n=35),a moderate group (n=30),and a severe group (n=20).A total of 90 healthy individuals who underwent colonoscopy for physical examination or those who had normal colonoscopy results after single polypectomy and excluded other diseases were selected as the control group.The colonic mucosal tissues of UC patients with obvious lesions and the colonic mucosal tissue 20 cm away from the anus of the control group were collected.The levels of miR-155 and SOCS1 mRNA in tissues were determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR,and the expression of SOCS1 protein in tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry.The correlations of the levels of miR-155 and SOCS1 mRNA in the colonic mucosal tissue with the modified Mayo score of UC patients were analyzed.The values of the levels of miR-155 and SOCS1 mRNA in predicting the occurrence of severe illness in the UC patients at the active stage were evaluated.Results Compared with the control group and the remission stage group,the active stage group showed up-regulated expression level of miR-155,down-regulated level of SOCS1 mRNA,and decreased positive rate of SOCS1 protein in the colonic mucosal tissue (all P<0.001).The expression level of miR-155 and modified Mayo score in colonic mucosal tissues of UC patients at the active stage increased,while the mRNA level of SOCS1 was down-regulated as the disease evolved from being mild to severe (all P<0.001).The modified Mayo score was positively correlated with the miR-155 level and negative correlated with the mRNA level of SOCS1 in colonic mucosal tissues of UC patients (all P<0.001).The high miR-155 level (OR=2.762,95%CI=1.284-5.944,P=0.009),low mRNA level of SOCS1 (OR=2.617,95%CI=1.302-5.258,P=0.007),and modified Mayo score≥12 points (OR=3.232,95%CI=1.450-7.204,P=0.004) were all risk factors for severe disease in the UC patients at the active stage.The area under curve of miR-155 combined with SOCS1 mRNA in predicting severe illness in the UC patients at the active stage was 0.920.Conclusions The expression levels of miR-155 and SOCS1 mRNA were correlated with the disease severity in the UC patients at the active stage.The combination of the two indicators demonstrates good performance in predicting the occurrence of severe illness in UC patients at the active stage.","['D006801', 'D035683', 'D003093', 'D000071222', 'D007413', 'D012720', 'D003106', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D000328']"
38953024,Unveiling early stage autoimmune gastritis: novel endoscopic insights from two case reports.,"The predominant characteristic of autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is corpus-dominant advanced atrophy, which is mostly observed in the middle to late stages. More reports are needed on the endoscopic features of the early stage. In this report, we present two cases of early-stage AIG in which endoscopic examinations showed no atrophy of the gastric mucosa but displayed a transition of collecting venules from a regular to an irregular arrangement. In addition, yellowish-white cobblestone-like elevations were observed in the fundic gland region. Histologically, the observed manifestations included pseudohypertrophy and protrusion of parietal cells into the lumen, possibly along with hyperplasia of G cells, lymphocytic infiltration and potentially pseudopyloric gland metaplasia. Serologically, the anti-parietal cell antibody returned positive results, whereas the anti-intrinsic factor antibody yielded negative results. In this study, we summarized some endoscopic features of two patients, aiming to provide clues for endoscopists to detect early-stage AIG.","['D006801', 'D001327', 'D008297', 'D005756', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D001323', 'D005753', 'D010295', 'D005773', 'D001706', 'D000368', 'D000328']"
38951807,Gut fungi of black-necked cranes (Grus nigricollis) respond to dietary changes during wintering.,"Migratory birds exhibit heterogeneity in foraging strategies during wintering to cope with environmental and migratory pressures, and gut bacteria respond to changes in host diet. However, less is known about the dynamics of diet and gut fungi during the wintering period in black-necked cranes (Grus nigricollis).","['D000818', 'D012621', 'D005658', 'D004032', 'D000069196', 'D001717', 'D041981', 'D004271', 'D010802']"
38951527,IFNγ-IL12 axis regulates intercellular crosstalk in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.,"Obesity is a major cause of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and is characterized by inflammation and insulin resistance. Interferon-γ (IFNγ) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine elevated in obesity and modulating macrophage functions. Here, we show that male mice with loss of IFNγ signaling in myeloid cells (Lyz-IFNγR2-/-) are protected from diet-induced insulin resistance despite fatty liver. Obesity-mediated liver inflammation is also attenuated with reduced interleukin (IL)-12, a cytokine primarily released by macrophages, and IL-12 treatment in vivo causes insulin resistance by impairing hepatic insulin signaling. Following MASH diets, Lyz-IFNγR2-/- mice are rescued from developing liver fibrosis, which is associated with reduced fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 levels. These results indicate critical roles for IFNγ signaling in macrophages and their release of IL-12 in modulating obesity-mediated insulin resistance and fatty liver progression to MASH. In this work, we identify the IFNγ-IL12 axis in regulating intercellular crosstalk in the liver and as potential therapeutic targets to treat MASH.","['D000818', 'D007371', 'D018664', 'D008297', 'D007333', 'D009765', 'D051379', 'D005234', 'D018345', 'D008264', 'D015398', 'D008099', 'D008810', 'D059305', 'D017471', 'D000096743', 'D008103']"
38951269,Metabolomic profiling of upper GI malignancies in blood and tissue: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort human studies evaluating metabolite markers identified using high-throughput metabolomics techniques on esophageal cancer (EC), cancer of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ), and gastric cancer (GC) in blood and tissue.","['D006801', 'D055432', 'D004938', 'D013274', 'D014408', 'D005770', 'D055442', 'D016022', 'D004943']"
38951249,"Peri-operative, oncological and functional outcomes of robotic versus transanal total mesorectal excision in patients with rectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.",Comparative outcomes of robotic low anterior resection (rTME) and trans-anal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) in patients with low rectal cancer were evaluated.,"['D006801', 'D012004', 'D065287', 'D011183', 'D000078542', 'D061646', 'D007902', 'D016896', 'D000067368', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D012007', 'D000368', 'D057868', 'D016063', 'D061887', 'D000328']"
38951150,Intersexual patterns of the digestive tract and body size are opposed in a large bird.,"The appropriate structure of the digestive tract is crucial for individual adaptation to ecological conditions. In birds, the length of the small intestine, responsible for food absorption, is generally believed to be positively correlated with body size. In this study, we investigated the variation in small intestine length in the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia), a monomorphic species without visible sexual dimorphism, but characterized by differing parental efforts, which can be reflected by the small intestine lengths between the sexes. We examined the relationship between small intestine length and body size within the sexes. Our findings show that male White Storks have significantly shorter small intestines than females, despite having larger body sizes than the latter. Furthermore, we found a significant relationship between body size and small intestine length, but it was of a different nature in the two sexes. Males exhibited a previously unreported phenomenon, whereby increasing body size was associated with shortening small intestines, whereas females exhibited the opposite pattern. These novel findings shed light on the anatomical adaptations of the digestive tract in birds.","['D000818', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D049628', 'D001717', 'D012727', 'D007421', 'D041981']"
38951085,[Progresses and hot spots of gastrointestinal microecology in the past decade].,近十年来国内外学者在消化系炎症、肿瘤、代谢性疾病的机制研究及临床转化应用方面取得了显著进展。同时研究发现消化道微生态对胃肠外疾病如代谢、免疫、神经精神等系统疾病也发挥着重要的作用。该领域已成为人类健康和疾病防治的重要研究热点和方向。消化微生态与机体健康和多种疾病相关，对其研究的深度还远远未能揭示其内在的联系。未来的研究期待新的检测分析技术的进步，期待临床医生与基础研究人员的密切合作，将消化微生态领域的研究成果转化应用于临床，从治疗疾病的模式转换到疾病预防与机体健康的维护上。.,"['D006801', 'D000069196', 'D041981']"
38949995,Cryptogenic Multifocal Ulcerating Stenosing Enteropathy: A Rare Case of Small Bowel Stenosis.,"BACKGROUND Cryptogenic multifocal ulcerating stenosing enteropathy (CMUSE) is a rare noninfectious chronic inflammatory disease of the digestive tract confined to the small bowel. Chronic inflammatory wasting leads to protein loss and weight reduction, and some patients eventually develop small bowel stenosis. The etiopathogenesis of CMUSE remains unknown. CASE REPORT A thin 62-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain and distension accompanied by bilateral lower-extremity edema for 2 months. After a series of medical tests, rheumatic or immune-related diseases, hyperthyroidism, and tuberculosis were excluded, and common digestive system diseases were also excluded. Abdominal CT showed incomplete obstruction of the small bowel. Enteroscopy showed small-bowel luminal narrowing. The patient subsequently underwent partial resection of the small bowel with end-to-side anastomosis. The small-bowel stricture was about 120 cm from the ileocecal junction, and about 12 cm of small bowel was resected. Postoperative pathology of the resected material revealed multifocal ulceration of the mucosa with massive inflammatory cell infiltration and extensive hyperplastic fibrous tissue, consistent with the characteristics of CMUSE disease. At follow-up 6 months after surgery, he had no abdominal pain or distension, and his anemia and lower-extremity edema were improved. CONCLUSIONS CMUSE diagnosis requires a combination of patient history, imaging, endoscopy, pathology, and exclusion of other digestive disorders, such as Crohn's disease. It is a chronic wasting disease, often accompanied by weight loss, abdominal pain, melena, and hypoproteinemia. Surgery is an important treatment for intestinal strictures caused by CMUSE.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D007415', 'D007421', 'D014456', 'D003251']"
38949979,The gut microbiome in disorders of gut-brain interaction.,"Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), chronic disorders characterized by either abdominal pain, altered intestinal motility, or their combination, have a worldwide prevalence of more than 40% and impose a high socioeconomic burden with a significant decline in quality of life. Recently, FGIDs have been reclassified as disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI), reflecting the key role of the gut-brain bidirectional communication in these disorders and their impact on psychological comorbidities. Although, during the past decades, the field of DGBIs has advanced significantly, the molecular mechanisms underlying DGBIs pathogenesis and pathophysiology, and the role of the gut microbiome in these processes are not fully understood. This review aims to discuss the latest body of literature on the complex microbiota-gut-brain interactions and their implications in the pathogenesis of DGBIs. A better understanding of the existing communication pathways between the gut microbiome and the brain holds promise in developing effective therapeutic interventions for DGBIs.","['D000069196', 'D006801', 'D000087502', 'D005767', 'D001921', 'D000818', 'D041981']"
38949314,Advancements in Bovine Organoid Technology Using Small and Large Intestinal Monolayer Interfaces.,"Advancing knowledge of gastrointestinal physiology and its diseases critically depends on the development of precise, species-specific in vitro models that faithfully mimic in vivo intestinal tissues. This is particularly vital for investigating host-pathogen interactions in bovines, which are significant reservoirs for pathogens that pose serious public health risks. Traditional 3D organoids offer limited access to the intestinal epithelium's apical surface, a hurdle overcome by the advent of 2D monolayer cultures. These cultures, derived from organoid cells, provide an exposed luminal surface for more accessible study. In this research, a detailed protocol is introduced for creating and sustaining 2D monolayer cultures from cells of bovine small and large intestinal organoids. This method includes protocols for assessing membrane integrity through transepithelial electrical resistance and paracellular permeability alongside immunocytochemistry staining techniques. These protocols lay the groundwork for establishing and characterizing a 2D bovine monolayer culture system, pushing the boundaries of these method applications in biomedical and translational research of public health importance. Employing this innovative approach enables the development of physiologically pertinent in vitro models for exploring both normal and diseased states of cattle intestinal physiology. The implications for biomedical and agricultural advancements are profound, paving the way for more effective treatments for intestinal ailments in cattle, thereby enhancing both animal welfare and food safety.","['D000818', 'D002417', 'D009940', 'D007421', 'D007420', 'D007413']"
38949305,Preservation of Porcine Donation after Circulatory Death (DCD) Liver by Perfusion and Orthotopic Liver Transplantation.,"Conventional static cold storage (SCS) exacerbates ischemic injury in the DCD liver, leading to severe complications for transplant recipients. To address this issue, clinical application of MP technology for donor liver preservation is underway. Simultaneously, efforts are focused on the development of various MP instruments, validated through relevant animal model experiments. Effective large animal trials play a pivotal role in clinical applications. However, challenges persist in the ex vivo preservation of DCD livers and the transplantation procedure in pigs. These hurdles encompass addressing the prolonged preservation of donor livers, conducting viability tests, alleviating ischemic injuries, and shortening the anhepatic phase. The use of a variable temperature-controlled MP device facilitates the prolonged preservation of DCD livers through sequential Dual Hypothermic Oxygenated Machine Perfusion (DHOPE) and Normothermic Machine Perfusion (NMP) modes. This protocol enhances the porcine OLTx model by improving the quality of DCD livers, optimizing the anastomosis technique, and reducing the duration of the anhepatic phase.","['D000818', 'D016031', 'D009926', 'D013552', 'D010477', 'D008099']"
38947874,Lobe-Based Hepatic Uptake Index of Gd-EOB-DTPA on Contrast-Enhanced MRI to Quantitatively Discriminate between Compensated and Decompensated Hepatitis B-Related Cirrhosis.,To use hepatic uptake index (HUI) of liver lobes on gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to discriminate between patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis in compensated and decompensated statuses.,"['D006801', 'D019786', 'D008103', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D003287', 'D008875', 'D008279', 'D012189', 'D008099', 'D000328', 'D012372', 'D000368', 'D012720', 'D006509']"
38947293,Gastroesophageal reflux following per-oral endoscopic myotomy: Can we improve outcomes?,"This editorial is an analysis the review article by Nabi et al recently published in this journal. Achalasia Cardia is a disease whose pathophysiology is still unclear. It is known that there is inflammation of unknown aetiology leading to loss of ganglion cells in the muscularis propria. The end result is lower oesophageal sphincter spasm, loss of receptive relaxation, decreased oesophageal peristalsis, all leading on to varying degrees of dysphagia. The treatment of this condition is palliative in nature, performed by myotomy of the lower oesophagus either surgically or endoscopically. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been associated with the myotomy performed, particularly with the Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) procedure. Nabi et al have provided an excellent overview of the latest developments in predicting, preventing, evaluating, and managing GERD subsequent to POEM. Based on this theme, this review article explores the concept of using histology of the oesophageal muscle layer, to grade the disease and thereby help tailoring the length/type of myotomy performed during the POEM procedure. In the future, will a histology based algorithm available preoperatively, help modify the POEM procedure, thereby decreasing the incidence of GERD associated with POEM?","['D006801', 'D004931', 'D049630', 'D004945', 'D005764', 'D000074433', 'D057605', 'D000074882', 'D016896']"
38947292,Enteric neuropathy in diabetes: Implications for gastrointestinal function.,"Diabetes, commonly known for its metabolic effects, also critically affects the enteric nervous system (ENS), which is essential in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) motility, secretion, and absorption. The development of diabetes-induced enteric neuropathy can lead to various GI dysfunctions, such as gastroparesis and irregular bowel habits, primarily due to disruptions in the function of neuronal and glial cells within the ENS, as well as oxidative stress and inflammation. This editorial explores the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of enteric neuropathy in diabetic patients. Additionally, it discusses the latest advances in diagnostic approaches, emphasizing the need for early detection and intervention to mitigate GI complications in diabetic individuals. The editorial also reviews current and emerging therapeutic strategies, focusing on pharmacological treatments, dietary management, and potential neuromodulatory interventions. Ultimately, this editorial highlights the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach in managing enteric neuropathy in diabetes, aiming to enhance patient quality of life and address a frequently overlooked complication of this widespread disease.","['D006801', 'D003929', 'D017615', 'D005767', 'D005769', 'D041981', 'D018589', 'D018384', 'D011788']"
38947289,Screening for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: Time to discard the emperor's clothes of normal liver enzymes?,"Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver condition worldwide. Current liver enzyme-based screening methods have limitations that may missed diagnoses and treatment delays. Regarding Chen et al, the risk of developing MAFLD remains elevated even when alanine aminotransferase levels fall within the normal range. Therefore, there is an urgent need for advanced diagnostic techniques and updated algorithms to enhance the accuracy of MAFLD diagnosis and enable early intervention. This paper proposes two potential screening methods for identifying individuals who may be at risk of developing MAFLD: Lowering these thresholds and promoting the use of noninvasive liver fibrosis scores.","['D006801', 'D008099', 'D065626', 'D008403', 'D000410', 'D000465', 'D015415', 'D008103', 'D012307', 'D042241']"
38947288,Histopathological impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the liver: Cellular damage and long-term complications.,"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the highly pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), primarily impacts the respiratory tract and can lead to severe outcomes such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ failure, and death. Despite extensive studies on the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2, its impact on the hepatobiliary system remains unclear. While liver injury is commonly indicated by reduced albumin and elevated bilirubin and transaminase levels, the exact source of this damage is not fully understood. Proposed mechanisms for injury include direct cytotoxicity, collateral damage from inflammation, drug-induced liver injury, and ischemia/hypoxia. However, evidence often relies on blood tests with liver enzyme abnormalities. In this comprehensive review, we focused solely on the different histopathological manifestations of liver injury in COVID-19 patients, drawing from liver biopsies, complete autopsies, and in vitro liver analyses. We present evidence of the direct impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the liver, substantiated by in vitro observations of viral entry mechanisms and the actual presence of viral particles in liver samples resulting in a variety of cellular changes, including mitochondrial swelling, endoplasmic reticulum dilatation, and hepatocyte apoptosis. Additionally, we describe the diverse liver pathology observed during COVID-19 infection, encompassing necrosis, steatosis, cholestasis, and lobular inflammation. We also discuss the emergence of long-term complications, notably COVID-19-related secondary sclerosing cholangitis. Recognizing the histopathological liver changes occurring during COVID-19 infection is pivotal for improving patient recovery and guiding decision-making.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D008099', 'D000086402', 'D008107', 'D022781']"
38947287,"Interaction between inflammatory bowel disease, physical activity, and myokines: Assessment of serum irisin levels.","Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, showed a wide spectrum of intestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations, which rendered the patients physically inactive and impaired their quality of life. It has been found that physical activity is a non-pharmacological intervention that improves the quality of life for those patients. Irisin is one member of the myokines secreted by muscle contraction during exercise and could be used as an anti-inflammatory biomarker in assessing the physical activity of IBD patients. In addition, experimental studies showed that exogenous irisin significantly decreased the inflammatory markers and the histological changes of the intestinal mucosa observed in experimental colitis. Furthermore, irisin produces changes in the diversity of the microbiota. Therefore, endogenous or exogenous irisin, via its anti-inflammatory effects, will improve the health of IBD patients and will limit the barriers to physical activity in patients with IBD.","['D006801', 'D005353', 'D015444', 'D015415', 'D011788', 'D007413', 'D000818', 'D015212', 'D003424', 'D000069196', 'D003093', 'D000097724']"
38947285,Is endoscopic ultrasound a promising technique in the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases?,"Percutaneous ultrasound has been a longstanding method in the diagnostics and interventional procedures of liver diseases. In some countries, its use is restricted to radiologists, limiting access for other clinicians, such as gastroenterologists. Endoscopic ultrasound, as a novel technique, plays a crucial role in diagnosis and treatment of digestive diseases. However, its use is sometimes recommended for conditions where no clear advantage over percutaneous ultrasound exists, leaving the impression that clinicians sometimes resort to an endoscopic approach due to the unavailability of percutaneous options.","['D006801', 'D019160', 'D008107', 'D008099', 'D018084']"
38947127,Comprehensive analysis of key host gene-microbe networks in the cecum tissues of the obese rabbits induced by a high-fat diet.,"The Cecum is a key site for cellulose digestion in nutrient metabolism of intestine, but its mechanisms of microbial and gene interactions has not been fully elucidated during pathogenesis of obesity. Therefore, the cecum tissues of the New Zealand rabbits and their contents between the high-fat diet-induced group (Ob) and control group (Co) were collected and analyzed using multi-omics. The metagenomic analysis indicated that the relative abundances of Corallococcus_sp._CAG:1435 and Flavobacteriales bacterium species were significantly lower, while those of Akkermansia glycaniphila, Clostridium_sp._CAG:793, Mycoplasma_sp._CAG:776, Mycoplasma_sp._CAG:472, Clostridium_sp._CAG:609, Akkermansia_sp._KLE1605, Clostridium_sp._CAG:508, and Firmicutes_bacterium_CAG:460 species were significantly higher in the Ob as compared to those in Co. Transcriptomic sequencing results showed that the differentially upregulated genes were mainly enriched in pathways, including calcium signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway, while the differentially downregulated genes were mainly enriched in pathways of NF-kappaB signaling pathway and T cell receptor signaling pathway. The comparative analysis of metabolites showed that the glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism and cysteine and methionine metabolism were the important metabolic pathways between the two groups. The combined analysis showed that CAMK1, IGFBP6, and IGFBP4 genes were highly correlated with Clostridium_sp._CAG:793, and Akkermansia_glycaniphila species. Thus, the preliminary study elucidated the microbial and gene interactions in cecum of obese rabbit and provided a basis for further studies in intestinal intervention for human obesity.","['D000818', 'D011817', 'D059305', 'D002432', 'D009765', 'D000069196', 'D000076662', 'D056186', 'D001419', 'D053263', 'D008297', 'D020869']"
38947126,Ad libitum feeding of silkworm larvae powder-containing diets specifically influences metabolism-related and short-chain fatty acid-producing gut bacteria in mice.,"Silkworm (Bombyx mori) larvae are expected to be useful as an ingredient in entomophagy. They are full of nutrients, including indigestible proteins; however, there have been few studies on the effects of the consumption of the entire body of silkworms on the intestinal microflora. We prepared a customized diet containing silkworm larval powder (SLP), and investigated the effects of ad libitum feeding of the SLP diet on the intestinal microbiota and the amount of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in mice. We found that the diversity of the cecal and fecal microbiota increased in the mice fed the SLP diet (SLP group), and that the composition of their intestinal microbiota differed from that of the control mice. Furthermore, a genus-level microbiota analysis showed that in the SLP group, the proportions of Alistipes, Lachnospiraceae A2, and RF39, which are associated with the prevention of obesity, were significantly increased, while the proportions of Helicobacter and Anaerotruncus, which are associated with obesity, were significantly decreased. Additionally, the level of butyrate was increased in the SLP group, and Clostridia UCG 014 and Lachnospiraceae FCS020 were found to be associated with the level of butyrate, one of the major SCFAs. These findings indicated that silkworm powder may be useful as an insect food that might also improve obesity.","['D000818', 'D012831', 'D000069196', 'D007814', 'D051379', 'D005232', 'D005243', 'D001419', 'D011208', 'D004032', 'D002432', 'D008297', 'D009765', 'D000821']"
38946877,Understanding the molecular crossroads in acute liver failure: A pathway to new therapies.,"In this editorial we comment on the article published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology. Acute liver failure (ALF) is a critical condition characterized by rapid hepatocellular injury and organ dysfunction, and it often necessitates liver transplant to ensure patient survival. Recent research has elucidated the involvement of distinct cell death pathways, namely ferroptosis and pyroptosis, in the pathogenesis of ALF. Ferroptosis is driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, whereas pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of cell death; both pathways contribute to hepatocyte death and exacerbate tissue damage. This comprehensive review explores the interplay between ferroptosis and pyroptosis in ALF, highlighting the role of key regulators such as silent information regulator sirtuin 1. Insights from clinical and preclinical studies provide valuable perspectives on the dysregulation of cell death pathways in ALF and the therapeutic potential of targeting these pathways. Collaboration across multiple disciplines is essential for translating the experimental insights into effective treatments for this life-threatening condition.","['D000818', 'D006801', 'D000079403', 'D022781', 'D007501', 'D015227', 'D008099', 'D017114', 'D016031', 'D000069292', 'D015398', 'D056564']"
38946876,Double contrast-enhanced ultrasonography improves diagnostic accuracy of T staging compared with multi-detector computed tomography in gastric cancer patients.,"Gastric cancer (GC) is the most common malignant tumor and ranks third for cancer-related deaths among the worldwide. The disease poses a serious public health problem in China, ranking fifth for incidence and third for mortality. Knowledge of the invasive depth of the tumor is vital to treatment decisions.","['D006801', 'D013274', 'D008875', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D009367', 'D003287', 'D011446', 'D000368', 'D014463', 'D061330', 'D000328', 'D002681', 'D005773', 'D013270', 'D000369']"
38946875,From macroautophagy to mitophagy: Unveiling the hidden role of mitophagy in gastrointestinal disorders.,"In this editorial, we comment on an article titled ""Morphological and biochemical characteristics associated with autophagy in gastrointestinal diseases"", which was published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology. We focused on the statement that ""autophagy is closely related to the digestion, secretion, and regeneration of gastrointestinal cells"". With advancing research, autophagy, and particularly the pivotal role of the macroautophagy in maintaining cellular equilibrium and stress response in the gastrointestinal system, has garnered extensive study. However, the significance of mitophagy, a unique selective autophagy pathway with ubiquitin-dependent and independent variants, should not be overlooked. In recent decades, mitophagy has been shown to be closely related to the occurrence and development of gastrointestinal diseases, especially inflammatory bowel disease, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer. The interplay between mitophagy and mitochondrial quality control is crucial for elucidating disease mechanisms, as well as for the development of novel treatment strategies. Exploring the pathogenesis behind gastrointestinal diseases and providing individualized and efficient treatment for patients are subjects we have been exploring. This article reviews the potential mechanism of mitophagy in gastrointestinal diseases with the hope of providing new ideas for diagnosis and treatment.","['D006801', 'D063306', 'D001343', 'D005767', 'D008928', 'D041981', 'D000818']"
38946874,Role of gut-liver axis and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.,"Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. It is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide and shows increasing prevalence rates in most countries. MAFLD is a progressive disease with the most severe cases presenting as advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut microbiota play a significant role in the pathogenesis and progression of MAFLD by disrupting the gut-liver axis. The mechanisms involved in maintaining gut-liver axis homeostasis are complex. One critical aspect involves preserving an appropriate intestinal barrier permeability and levels of intestinal lumen metabolites to ensure gut-liver axis functionality. An increase in intestinal barrier permeability induces metabolic endotoxemia that leads to steatohepatitis. Moreover, alterations in the absorption of various metabolites can affect liver metabolism and induce liver steatosis and fibrosis. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are a class of drugs developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. They are also commonly used to combat obesity and have been proven to be effective in reversing hepatic steatosis. The mechanisms reported to be involved in this effect include an improved regulation of glycemia, reduced lipid synthesis, β-oxidation of free fatty acids, and induction of autophagy in hepatic cells. Recently, multiple peptide receptor agonists have been introduced and are expected to increase the effectiveness of the treatment. A modulation of gut microbiota has also been observed with the use of these drugs that may contribute to the amelioration of MAFLD. This review presents the current understanding of the role of the gut-liver axis in the development of MAFLD and use of members of the GLP-1 RA family as pleiotropic agents in the treatment of MAFLD.","['D006801', 'D000067757', 'D000069196', 'D008099', 'D065626', 'D000818', 'D024821', 'D007004', 'D003924', 'D054795', 'D007413', 'D000097789']"
38946871,Gastroesophageal reflux after per-oral endoscopic myotomy: Management literature.,"In this editorial, we respond to a review article by Nabi et al, in which the authors discussed gastroesophageal reflux (GER) following peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM). POEM is presently the primary therapeutic option for achalasia, which is both safe and effective. A few adverse effects were documented after POEM, including GER. The diagnostic criteria were not clear enough because approximately 60% of patients have a long acid exposure time, while only 10% experience reflux symptoms. Multiple predictors of high disease incidence have been identified, including old age, female sex, obesity, and a baseline lower esophageal sphincter pressure of less than 45 mmHg. Some technical steps during the procedure, such as a lengthy or full-thickness myotomy, may further enhance the risk. Proton pump inhibitors are currently the first line of treatment. Emerging voices are increasingly advocating for the routine combining of POEM with an endoscopic fundoplication method, such as peroral endoscopic fundoplication or transoral incisionless fundoplication. However, more research is necessary to determine the safety and effectiveness of these procedures in the long term for patients who have undergone them.","['D006801', 'D004931', 'D049630', 'D004945', 'D018662', 'D005764', 'D000074433', 'D057605', 'D054328', 'D012307', 'D016896']"
38946869,Advancing hepatic recompensation: Baveno VII criteria and therapeutic innovations in liver cirrhosis management.,"The Baveno VII criteria redefine the management of decompensated liver cirrhosis, introducing the concept of hepatic recompensation marking a significant departure from the conventional view of irreversible decline. Central to this concept is addressing the underlying cause of cirrhosis through tailored therapies, including antivirals and lifestyle modifications. Studies on alcohol, hepatitis C virus, and hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis demonstrate the efficacy of these interventions in improving liver function and patient outcomes. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) emerges as a promising intervention, effectively resolving complications of portal hypertension and facilitating recompensation. However, optimal timing and patient selection for TIPS remain unresolved. Despite challenges, TIPS offers renewed hope for hepatic recompensation, marking a significant advancement in cirrhosis management. Further research is needed to refine its implementation and maximize its benefits. In conclusion, TIPS stands as a promising avenue for improving hepatic function and patient outcomes in decompensated liver cirrhosis within the framework of the Baveno VII criteria.","['D006801', 'D008103', 'D019168', 'D006975', 'D018579', 'D016896', 'D000998', 'D008099']"
38946300,The potential therapeutic effects of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on ileum injury of a rat sepsis model (histological and immunohistochemical study).,"Sepsis denotes a serious high mortality concern. The study was designed to evaluate the effect of mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (MSC-exosomes) on the evolution of the animal model of sepsis. In this study, 36 rats were distributed into three groups, (I) controls, (II) LPS-treated, and (III) LPS+MSC-EVs. Sepsis was simulated by administering E. coli-LPS to the laboratory animals. Group III was given MSC-exosomes four hours after the LPS injection. Forty-eight hours later rats were sacrificed. Ileum samples were excised, and processed for the histological assessment, immunohistochemical identification of CD44, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Ileum homogenate was used to estimate tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α) besides Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX 2). PCR was used for the detection of interleukin 1α (IL‑1α), and interleukin 17 (IL‑17). Statistical and morphometrical analysis was done. The LPS-treated group showed increased TNF-α, IL‑1α, IL‑17, and decreased COX 2. LPS administration led to cytoplasmic vacuolization of enterocytes, an increase in the vasculature, and cellular infiltrations invaded the lamina propria. There was a significant rise in goblet cells and the proportion of collagen fibers. Ultrastructurally, the enterocytes displayed nuclear irregularity, rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) dilatation, and increased mitochondria number. Sepsis induces a significant increase in iNOS and a decrease in CD44 immune expressions. LPS+MSC-EVs group restored normal ileum structure and revealed a significant elevation in CD44 and a reduction in iNOS immunoreactions. LPS-sepsis induced an obvious ileum inflammatory deterioration ameliorated by MSC-exosomes, mostly through their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.","['D000818', 'D018805', 'D051381', 'D007082', 'D059630', 'D004195', 'D055354', 'D008297', 'D007150', 'D017208', 'D052247']"
38945897,Suppression of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Maintenance of the Liver Functions in Primary Hepatocytes through Dispersion Culture within a Dome-Shaped Collagen Matrix.,"Primary hepatocytes are valuable for studying liver diseases, drug-induced liver injury, and drug metabolism. However, when cultured in a two-dimensional (2D) environment, primary hepatocytes undergo rapid dedifferentiation via an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and lose their liver-specific functions. On the other hand, a three-dimensional (3D) culture of primary hepatocyte organoids presents challenges for analyzing cellular functions and molecular behaviors due to strong cell-cell adhesion among heterogeneous cells. In this study, we developed a novel dispersion culture method of hepatocytes within a dome-shaped collagen matrix, overcoming conventional limitations. The expression levels of EMT-related genes were lower in rat primary hepatocytes cultured using this method for 4 d than in cells cultured using the 2D method. Furthermore, albumin production, a marker of liver function, declined sharply in rat primary hepatocytes cultured in two dimensions from 6.40 µg/mL/48 h on day 4 to 1.35 µg/mL/48 h on day 8, and declined gradually from 4.92 µg/mL/48 h on day 8 to 3.89 µg/mL/48 h on day 14 in rat primary hepatocytes cultured using our new method. These findings indicate that the newly developed culture method can suppress EMT and maintain liver functions for 14 d in rat primary hepatocytes, potentially expanding the utility of primary hepatocyte cultured by using conventional 3D methods.","['D000818', 'D022781', 'D058750', 'D002478', 'D003094', 'D008297', 'D008099', 'D051381', 'D018929', 'D017207', 'D000418']"
38945883,Chronic Endurance Exercise Impairs Niacin Nutritional Status in Mice.,"Niacin is a cofactor in many biological reactions related to energy metabolism, redox reactions, DNA repair and longevity. Although it has been considered that increasing energy expenditure increases NAD consumption, little study has directly demonstrated the effect of exercise on niacin nutritional status. We have recently established the niacin insufficient model mice using kynurenine 3-monooxygenase knock out (KMO-/-) mice with niacin-limited diet, which lack the de novo NAD synthesis pathway from tryptophan. To evaluate the effects of chronic endurance exercise on niacin nutritional status, 4 wk old KMO-/- mice were fed 4 or 30 mg/kg nicotinic acid containing diets, and forced to swim in a running water pool every other day for 35 d. The swim-exercised mice fed 4 mg/kg nicotinic acid diet showed lower body weight gain and niacin nutritional markers such as liver and blood NAD, and urine nicotinamide metabolites than the sedentary mice. These animals did not show any difference in the NAD synthesis, NAD salvage and nicotinamide catabolic pathways. Chronic endurance exercise failed to affect any indices in the mice fed the 30 mg/kg nicotinic acid diet. When the diet was exchanged the 4 mg/kg for 30 mg/kg nicotinic acid diet to the mice showed chronic endurance exercise-induced growth retardation, their body weight rapidly increased. These results show that chronic endurance exercise impairs niacin nutritional status in the niacin insufficient mice, and enough niacin intake can prevent this impairment. Our findings also suggest that chronic endurance exercise increases niacin requirement by increase of NAD consumption.","['D000818', 'D009525', 'D009752', 'D010805', 'D008297', 'D051379', 'D018345', 'D010807', 'D008099', 'D009243', 'D013550', 'D015430', 'D004032', 'D001835', 'D008810', 'D009536']"
38945845,[Improvement of Intestinal and Transmucosal Absorption of Peptide and Protein Drugs].,"It is well known that the oral bioavailability of hydrophilic and macromolecular drugs is generally very poor due to their poor membrane permeability characteristics. Among these poorly absorbed drugs, peptide and protein drugs are typical poorly absorbed drugs which have low stability and poor permeability in the gastrointestinal tract. Consequently, the clinical administration of peptide and protein drugs is presently limited to administration by injection. However, such frequent administration subjects the patients to considerable pain, and there is also the possibility of the manifestation of serious side effects. Therefore, various approaches have been examined to overcome the poor absorption characteristics of these drugs. These approaches include (1) to use additives including absorption enhancers and protease inhibitors, (2) to modify the chemical structure of peptide and protein drugs, and (3) to apply dosage forms to these drugs, (4) to develop a novel administration method for these drugs that can serve as an alternative to oral and injection administration. We demonstrated that intestinal and transmucosal absorption of peptide and protein drugs could be improved by using these approaches. These approaches may give us useful basic information to improve the intestinal and transmucosal absorption of peptide and protein drugs.","['D006801', 'D007408', 'D010455', 'D011506', 'D001682', 'D011480', 'D010539', 'D000284', 'D007413', 'D004304']"
38945634,Noninvasive Assessment of Portal Hypertension.,"The progressive use of noninvasive tests (NITs) has changed the way hepatologists diagnose and manage patients with chronic liver disease, mainly because of their easiness to use and the ability to be repeated during follow-up. Liver stiffness measurement is the NIT with more scientific evidence. NITs have demonstrated to be useful to detect not only liver fibrosis but also the presence of clinically significant portal hypertension. Moreover, current evidence supports they can also be useful to evaluate the prognosis of patients with chronic liver disease.","['D006801', 'D006975', 'D054459', 'D008103', 'D008099', 'D011379', 'D004932']"
38945628,"The protective effects of Kefir extract (KE) on intestinal damage in larval zebrafish induced by Oxytetracycline: Insights into intestinal function, morphology, and molecular mechanisms.","The antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC) can be detected in contemporary natural aquatic environments and has been implicated in causing intestinal damage in humans exposed to OTC-contaminated food or water. The irreversible damage caused by high concentrations of OTC to the intestine suggests that treatment through dietary means could still be necessary. This study proved the effectiveness of kefir extract (KE) in reversing intestinal damage caused by oxytetracycline (OTC) exposure. Following a 24-hour KE treatment subsequent to OTC exposure from 3 to 8 days post-fertilization of zebrafish larvae, molecular-level and microbiomic assessments revealed significant improvements. These included reduced expression of proinflammatory factors (IL-8 and IL-1β), increased antioxidant levels, and reversed unhealthy distribution of intestinal microbiota. Furthermore, KE supplementation showed potential in enhancing intestinal motility in the experiment of Nile red staining and fluorescent microbead transit. However, histological analysis showed that this short-term treatment with KE only partially reversed the intestinal morphological changes induced by OTC, suggesting that a longer treatment period might be necessary for complete restoration.","['D000818', 'D010118', 'D015027', 'D000070716', 'D007814', 'D007422', 'D000069196', 'D000900', 'D000975', 'D005769']"
38945616,In vitro gastrointestinal digestion of cow's and sheep's dairy products: Impact of species and structure.,"Sheep's milk (SM) is known to differ from cow's milk (CM) in nutritional composition and physicochemical properties, which may lead to different digestion behaviours. This work aimed to investigate the impact of the species (cow vs sheep) and the structure (milk vs yogurt) on the digestion of dairy products. Using an in vitro static gastrointestinal digestion model, CM, SM, cow's milk yogurt (CY) and sheep's milk yogurt (SY) were compared on particle size evolution, microscopic observations, degree of lipolysis, degree of proteolysis, specific protein degradation and calcium bioaccessibility. Species and structure affected particle size evolution during the gastric phase resulting in smaller particles for yogurts compared to milks as well as for CM products compared to SM products. Species impacted lipid composition and lipolysis, with SM products presenting higher short/medium-chain fatty acids content and higher intestinal degree of lipolysis. Proteolysis was influenced by structure, with milks showing higher intestinal degree of proteolysis compared to yogurts. Caseins were digested faster in CM, ⍺-lactalbumin was digested faster in SM despite its higher concentration, and during gastric digestion β-lactoglobulin was more degraded in CM products compared to SM products and more in yogurts compared to milks. Lastly, SM products released more bioaccessible calcium than CM products. In conclusion, species (cow vs sheep) impacted more the digestion compared to the structure (milk vs yogurt). In fact, SM was different from CM mainly due to a denser protein network that might slow down the accessibility of the enzyme to its substrate which induce a delay of gastric disaggregation and thus lead to slower the digestion of the nutrients.","['D000818', 'D004063', 'D002417', 'D015014', 'D012756', 'D008892', 'D008066', 'D059748', 'D010316', 'D007782', 'D041981', 'D003611', 'D007768', 'D002364', 'D013045', 'D008894']"
38945615,Dietary intake of a MFGM/EV-rich concentrate promotes accretion of very long odd-chain sphingolipids and increases lipid metabolic turnover at the whole-body level.,"Lipids from cow milk fat globule membranes (MFGMs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered beneficial for neurodevelopment, cognitive maintenance and human health in general. Nevertheless, it is largely unknown whether intake of infant formulas and medical nutrition products rich in these particles promote accretion of specific lipids and whether this affects metabolic homeostasis. To address this, we carried out a 16-week dietary intervention study where mice were supplemented with a MFGM/EV-rich concentrate, a control diet supplemented with a whey protein concentrate and devoid of milk lipids, or regular chow. Assessment of commonly used markers of metabolic health, including body weight, glucose intolerance and liver microanatomy, demonstrated no differences across the dietary regimes. In contrast, in-depth lipidomic analysis revealed accretion of milk-derived very long odd-chain sphingomyelins and ceramides in blood plasma and multiple tissues of mice fed the MFGM/EV diet. Furthermore, lipidomic flux analysis uncovered that mice fed the MFGM/EV diet have increased lipid metabolic turnover at the whole-body level. These findings help fill a long-lasting knowledge gap between the intake of MFGM/EV-containing foods and the health-promoting effects of their lipid constituents. In addition, the findings suggest that dietary sphingomyelins or ceramide-breakdown products with very long-chains can be used as structural components of cellular membranes, lipoprotein particles and signaling molecules that modulate metabolic homeostasis and health.","['D000818', 'D013107', 'D000067128', 'D051379', 'D006017', 'D050356', 'D066292', 'D006023', 'D000081362', 'D008810', 'D008297', 'D013109', 'D002518', 'D004032', 'D008099', 'D019587']"
38945602,Novel hypothesis for infant methemoglobinemia: Survival and metabolism of nitrite-producers from vegetables under gastrointestinal stress and intestinal adhesion.,"Infants have digestive environments that are more favorable for microbial proliferation and subsequent endogenous nitrite production than those of adults, but direct evidence of this has been lacking. In this study, we propose a novel epidemiology of infant methemoglobinemia by demonstrating the risk posed by nitrite-producers in the gastrointestinal tract. Nitrite-producers from vegetables (n = 323) were exposed to stress factors of the gastrointestinal environment (gastric pH, intestinal bile salts, anaerobic atmosphere) reflecting 4 different postnatal age periods (Neonate, ≤1 month; Infant A, 1-3 months; Infant B, 3-6 months; Infant C, 6-12 months). ""High-risk"" strains with a nitrate-to-nitrite conversion rate of ≥1.3 %, the minimum rate corresponding to nitrite overproduction, under the Neonate stress condition were analyzed for intestinal adhesion. Among all the phyla, Pseudomonadota achieved the highest survival (P < 0.05; survival rate of 51.3-71.8 %). Possible cross-protection against bile resistance due to acid shock was observed for all the phyla. All the high-risk strains exhibited moderate autoaggregation (14.0-36.4 %), whereas only a few exhibited satisfactory surface hydrophobicity (>40 %). The Pantoea agglomerans strain strongly adhered to Caco-2 cells (7.4 ± 1.1 %). This study showed the ability of the Pantoea, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella strains to survive under gastrointestinal stress for ≤12 months, to excessively produce nitrite under neonatal stress conditions, and to settle in the human intestine. To our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal the role of the natural flora of vegetables in the epidemiology of infant methemoglobinemia through a multilateral approach.","['D006801', 'D014675', 'D007223', 'D008708', 'D009573', 'D007231', 'D001422', 'D001647', 'D041981', 'D006863', 'D000069196']"
38945585,Structural changes and degradation mechanism of type 3 resistant starch during in vitro fecal fermentation.,"The colonic fermentation metabolites of resistant starch (RS) are recognized to have various health benefits. However, the relationship between the structural variation of RS and the colonic fermentation properties, remains inadequately studied, especially for type 3 resistant starch. The in vitro fecal fermentation properties with multi-structure evolution of A- and B-type polymorphic resistant starch spherulites (RSS) were investigated. Both polymorphic types of RSS showed similar fermentation rate and total short-chain fatty acid profiles, while the butyrate concentration of the A-type RSS subjected to 24 h of fermentation was significantly higher compared to B-type RSS. In the case of recrystallized starch spherulites, irrespective of the polymorphic type, gut bacteria preferentially degraded the intermediate chains and crystalline regions, as the local molecule-ordered area potentially serves as suitable attachment sites or surfaces for microbial enzymes.","['D005285', 'D005243', 'D013213', 'D005232', 'D006801', 'D000069196', 'D000084922', 'D003106', 'D002087']"
38945582,Digestion behavior of plant-based meat analogs with anisotropic fibrous structure in a semi-dynamic gastric digestion system.,"Plant-based meat analogs have increasingly attracted the attention of the food industry in recent years. However, the digestion behavior of this innovative solid food in human stomach is poorly understood. In this study, plant-based meat analogs with different internal structures were prepared with/without high-moisture extrusion technology and at different temperatures. A semi-dynamic gastric digestion system which involves the mimic processes of the secretion of gastric juice and the gastric emptying was applied. After extrusion treatment at high temperature (150 ℃), the EHT had the highest anisotropic index (H⊥/H∥=1.90) and an ideal meat-like structure. It was found that particle disintegration and swelling simultaneously occurred in the bolus of the EHT but not in the sample without extrusion treatment (the HLT) in the early stage of gastric digestion. This difference might be attributed to the compact and well-arranged anisotropic structure of the EHT resulting from the extrusion, and leads to difficult enzymatic hydrolyzation unless the particles swell and unfold the polymer chains. The difficulty in particle disintegration in the EHT during gastric digestion is the consequence of the relatively slow gastric emptying rate and the decrease of protein degradation. As a result, the EHT which underwent extrusion treatment at high temperature and possessed the best anisotropic fibrous structure exhibited the slowest gastric digestion. This novel solid food shows good potential as a desired nutritional food for people on diet.","['D004063', 'D005746', 'D006801', 'D016880', 'D013270', 'D005511', 'D013696', 'D008954', 'D000095866']"
38945578,In situ interaction of pea peptides and bile salts under in vitro digestion: Potential impact on lipolysis.,"The present work evaluated how a native pea protein isolate (PPI) affects the key roles carried out by bile salts (BS) in lipid digestion by means of the in vitro static INFOGEST protocol. Two gastric residence times were evaluated (10 and 60 min), and then the peptides obtained (GPPP) were mixed with BS at physiological concentration in simulated intestinal fluid to understand how they interact with BS both at the bulk and at the interface. Both GPPP give rise to a film with a predominant viscous character that does not constitute a barrier to the penetration of BS, but interact with BS in the bulk duodenal fluid. When the peptides flushing from the stomach after the different gastric residence times undergo duodenal digestion, it was found that for the longer gastric residence time the percentage of soluble fraction in the duodenal phase, that perform synergistically with BS micelles, was twice that of the lower residence time, leading to an increase in the solubilization of oleic acid. These results finally lead to a greater extent of lipolysis of olive oil emulsions. This work demonstrates the usefulness of in vitro models as a starting point to study the influence of gastric residence time of pea protein on its interaction with BS, affecting lipolysis. Pea proteins were shown to be effective emulsifiers that synergistically perform with BS improving the release and bioaccessibility of bioactive lipids as olive oil.","['D001647', 'D008066', 'D004063', 'D000078724', 'D018532', 'D010455', 'D004386', 'D006801']"
38945574,Assessment of protein and phospholipid bioaccessibility in ultrafiltered buttermilk cheese using TIM-1 in vitro gastrointestinal methods.,"To meet the high consumer demand, butter production has increased over the last few years. As a result, the buttermilk (BM) co-produced volumes require new ways of adding value, such as in cheese manufacturing. However, BM use in cheese milk negatively influences the cheesemaking process (e.g., altered coagulation properties) and the product's final quality (e.g., high moisture content). The concentration of BM by ultrafiltration (UF) could potentially facilitate its use in cheese manufacturing through an increased protein content while maintaining the milk salt balance. Simultaneously, little is known about the digestion of UF BM cheese. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the impact of UF BM on cheese manufacture, its structure, and its behavior during in vitro digestion. A 2-fold UF concentrated BM was used for cheese manufacture (skim milk [SM] - control). Compositional, textural, and microstructural analyses of cheeses were first conducted. In a second step, the cheeses were fed into an in vitro TNO gastrointestinal digestion model (TIM-1) of the stomach and small intestine and protein and phospholipid (PL) bioaccessibility was studied. The results showed that UF BM cheese significantly differed from SM cheese regarding its composition, hardness (p < 0.05) and microstructure. However, in TIM-1, UF BM and SM cheeses showed similar digestion behavior as a percentage of protein and PL intake. Despite relatively more non-digested and non-absorbed PL in the ileum efflux of UF BM cheese, the initially higher PL concentration contributes to an enhanced nutritional value compared to SM cheese. To our knowledge, this study is the first to compare the bioaccessibility of proteins and PL from UF BM and SM cheeses.","['D002611', 'D004063', 'D010743', 'D000070696', 'D014462', 'D005511', 'D000818', 'D008894', 'D041981', 'D001682']"
38945573,Release profile of amino acids encapsulated in solid lipid particles during in vitro oro-gastrointestinal digestion.,"Some amino acids are known to mediate immune responses through gut microbiota metabolism in both humans and monogastric animals. However, through the diet, most free amino acids are absorbed in the small intestine and only a small quantity reaches the microbiota-rich colon. To enhance microbial metabolism of amino acids and their potential health benefits, encapsulation strategies are developed for their protection and delivery to the colon. So far, the main encapsulation systems for amino acids are based on solid lipid particles, but their fate within the digestive tract has never been fully clarified. In this study, we investigated the release of various amino acids (branched-chain amino acid mixture, or lysine, or tryptophan) loaded in solid lipid particles during in vitro oro-gastrointestinal digestion mimicking the piglet. The loaded solid lipid particles were fully characterized for their composition, thermal behavior, molecular structure, crystalline state, surface morphology, and particle size distribution. Moreover, we investigated the effect of particle size by sieving solid lipid particles into two non-overlapping size fractions. We found that amino acid release was high during the gastric phase of digestion, mainly controlled by physical parameters, namely particle size and crystalline state including surface morphology. Large particle size and/or smooth ordered particle indeed led to slower and lower release. Although lipid hydrolysis was significant during the intestinal phase of digestion, the impact of the crystalline state and surface morphology was also observed in the absence of enzymes, pointing to a dominant water/solute diffusion mechanism through these porous solid lipid particles.","['D004063', 'D010316', 'D008055', 'D000596', 'D000818', 'D008239', 'D013552', 'D041981', 'D000597', 'D014364']"
38944862,Impact of Cigarette Smoking on Clinical Presentation and Treatment Response in Coeliac Disease.,"The environmental factors, apart from gluten ingestion predisposing to coeliac disease are poorly known. Smoking is associated with many immune-mediated diseases, but research on coeliac disease is scarce. This study aims to investigate how smoking affects the clinical presentation, presence of comorbidities and response to gluten-free diet in coeliac disease.","['D006801', 'D002446', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D003430', 'D008875', 'D055050', 'D000328', 'D000073865', 'D000368', 'D016896', 'D015897', 'D012307', 'D000074285', 'D000078822', 'D007413']"
38944859,Optimization of ERCP Technique to Improve the Sensitivity of Biliary Brushing: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.,"Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with brush cytology is an important tool in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary malignancies. However, reported sensitivity of brush cytology is suboptimal and differs markedly per study. The aim of this study is to analyze the optimal technique of endobiliary brushing during ERCP.","['D006801', 'D002760', 'D012680', 'D001650', 'D003581', 'D001652']"
38944858,"Clinical, Pathological and Endoscopic Features of Neoplastic or Non-neoplastic Reddish Depressed Lesions after Helicobacter pylori Eradication.",Early gastric cancers (EGCs) after Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication often appear as reddish depressed lesions (RDLs); the same features are also appeared in benign stomachs after eradication. We compared clinic-pathological and endoscopic features of benign and neoplastic RDLs after H. pylori eradication.,"['D006801', 'D013274', 'D016481', 'D008875', 'D016480', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D005773', 'D000368', 'D062048', 'D000236', 'D011237', 'D005753', 'D000900', 'D000328', 'D016896', 'D001706', 'D055088', 'D012189', 'D007203']"
38944780,[Prognosis of a high risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the long-term period of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the elderly and senile.].,"After cholecystectomy, elderly patients require special attention, due to the influence of involution processes in the body on the formation of complications. To identify prognostic criteria for the formation of fatty liver degeneration in the long-term period of minimally invasive cholecystectomy, 159 men were examined. Dysregulation of the biliary tract was determined using magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, elastography and magnetic resonance imaging of the liver. Microbial markers of the wall microbiome of the intestine were determined using chromatography-mass spectrometry. The relationship between an increase in body mass index and a decrease in the amount of obligate microbiome (r=-0,43, p<0,050), as well as with the formation of fatty liver degeneration in elderly patients, was revealed. The features of vegetative regulation in elderly people with fatty liver degeneration have been determined. It has been proven that in old age, a decrease in the number of obligate anaerobic association of microorganisms of the small intestine (on average from 15 659 to 7 630 in persons of the 2nd age subgroup and from 1 457 to 17 837 in the 3rd) is a predictor of fatty liver degeneration. The prognostic algorithm developed on the basis of the analysis of highly informative signs makes it possible to identify with an accuracy of at least 75% a high risk of fatty liver degeneration in the long-term period of cholecystectomy.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D017081', 'D011379', 'D065626', 'D000069196', 'D011183', 'D015992', 'D049448', 'D012307', 'D054459', 'D008875', 'D000369', 'D008099']"
38944657,Inter-cell type interactions that control JNK signaling in the Drosophila intestine.,"JNK signaling is a critical regulator of inflammation and regeneration, but how it is controlled in specific tissue contexts remains unclear. Here we show that, in the Drosophila intestine, the TNF-type ligand, Eiger (Egr), is expressed exclusively by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and enteroblasts (EBs), where it is induced by stress and during aging. Egr preferentially activates JNK signaling in a paracrine fashion in differentiated enterocytes (ECs) via its receptor, Grindelwald (Grnd). N-glycosylation genes (Alg3, Alg9) restrain this activation, and stress-induced downregulation of Alg3 and Alg9 correlates with JNK activation, suggesting a regulatory switch. JNK activity in ECs induces expression of the intermembrane protease Rhomboid (Rho), driving secretion of EGFR ligands Keren (Krn) and Spitz (Spi), which in turn activate EGFR signaling in progenitor cells (ISCs and EBs) to stimulate their growth and division, as well as to produce more Egr. This study uncovers an N-glycosylation-controlled, paracrine JNK-EGFR-JNK feedforward loop that sustains ISC proliferation during stress-induced gut regeneration.","['D000818', 'D029721', 'D066246', 'D007422', 'D020935', 'D004331', 'D020895', 'D013234', 'D007413', 'D004330', 'D006031', 'D018010', 'D049109', 'D048031', 'D015398', 'D002450', 'D002454', 'D004815', 'D008565']"
38944647,"VirBR, a transcription regulator, promotes IncX3 plasmid transmission, and persistence of blaNDM-5 in zoonotic bacteria.","IncX3 plasmids carrying the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-encoding gene, blaNDM-5, are rapidly spreading globally in both humans and animals. Given that carbapenems are listed on the WHO AWaRe watch group and are prohibited for use in animals, the drivers for the successful dissemination of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) carrying blaNDM-5-IncX3 plasmids still remain unknown. We observe that E. coli carrying blaNDM-5-IncX3 can persist in chicken intestines either under the administration of amoxicillin, one of the largest veterinary β-lactams used in livestock, or without any antibiotic pressure. We therefore characterise the blaNDM-5-IncX3 plasmid and identify a transcription regulator, VirBR, that binds to the promoter of the regulator gene actX enhancing the transcription of Type IV secretion systems (T4SS); thereby, promoting conjugation of IncX3 plasmids, increasing pili adhesion capacity and enhancing the colonisation of blaNDM-5-IncX3 transconjugants in animal digestive tracts. Our mechanistic and in-vivo studies identify VirBR as a major factor in the successful spread of blaNDM-5-IncX3 across one-health AMR sectors. Furthermore, VirBR enhances the plasmid conjugation and T4SS expression by the presence of copper and zinc ions, thereby having profound ramifications on the use of universal animal feeds.","['D000818', 'D010957', 'D001618', 'D002645', 'D006801', 'D004926', 'D000900', 'D003227', 'D029968', 'D000069319', 'D014157', 'D000658', 'D011401', 'D004927', 'D015964', 'D007422']"
38944436,MR Imaging of the Fetal Gastrointestinal Anomalies.,"Fetal MR imaging has been shown to be a useful tool for the diagnosis of fetal gastro-intestinal pathologies. To recognize the various pathologies, it is, however, essential to know the normal MR imaging appearance of the fetal bowel at various gestational ages. By providing additional information to ultrasound in case of a fetal gastrointestinal anomaly, MR imaging helps to improve planning for the delivery, postnatal management, and improves parental counseling.","['D006801', 'D008279', 'D011296', 'D041981', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D005767', 'D005315']"
38943368,Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration for cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis in a patient with situs inversus totalis: A case report.,"Situs inversus complicates diagnosis and treatment due to the mirrored organ placement in relation to normal anatomy. This report describes a 78-year-old female patient with situs inversus totalis who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration for cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis. Utilizing the ""French mirror technique"" for port placement, the surgeon adeptly mirrored standard maneuvers with a 2-mm needle forceps in the left hand and a 5-mm forceps in the right in a reversed anatomical setting. This technique maintained familiar hand movements, despite the patient's unique anatomy. The surgeon applied transcystic ductal bile duct exploration, using choledochoscopy for duct exploration and a basket catheter for stone removal. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration through the transcystic ductal route are viable and effective for patients with situs inversus.","['D006801', 'D012857', 'D005260', 'D017081', 'D000368', 'D042883', 'D041761', 'D003135']"
38943209,Sigmoid and cecum colon volvulus: a case report.,"Colon volvulus is the twisting of a segment of colon on its mesenteric axis, which can lead to the obstruction of the lumen and the blood supply. Colon volvulus is common in ""volvulus belt"" countries and can involve the sigmoid (60-70%) and cecum (25-40%).","['D006801', 'D045822', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D012809', 'D002429', 'D012810', 'D007415', 'D002432', 'D007813', 'D016896']"
38943171,Role of liver sinusoidal endothelial cell in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.,"Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are highly specialized endothelial cells that represent the interface between blood cells on one side and hepatocytes on the other side. LSECs not only form a barrier within the hepatic sinus, but also play important physiological functions such as regulating hepatic vascular pressure, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic. Pathologically, pathogenic factors can induce LSECs capillarization, that is, loss of fenestra and dysfunction, which are conducive to early steatosis, lay the foundation for the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and accelerate metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and liver fibrosis. The unique localization, phenotype, and function of LSECs make them potential candidates for reducing liver injury, inflammation, and preventing or reversing fibrosis in the future.","['D006801', 'D042783', 'D000818', 'D008099', 'D005234', 'D008103']"
38942924,Presence and significance of telocytes in cholelithiasis and biliary dilatation in benign biliary disorders.,"Telocytes are closely associated with the regulation of tissue smooth muscle dynamics in digestive system disorders. They are widely distributed in the biliary system and exert their influence on biliary motility through mechanisms such as the regulation of CCK and their electrophysiological effects on smooth muscle cells. To investigate the relationship between telocytes and benign biliary diseases,such as gallbladder stone disease and biliary dilation syndrome, we conducted histopathological analysis on tissues affected by these conditions. Additionally, we performed immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence double staining experiments for telocytes. The results indicate that the quantity of telocytes in the gallbladder and bile duct is significantly lower in pathological conditions compared to the control group. This reveals a close association between the decrease in telocyte quantity and impaired gallbladder motility and biliary fibrosis. Furthermore, further investigations have shown a correlation between telocytes in cholesterol gallstones and cholecystokinin-A receptor (CCK-AR), suggesting that elevated cholesterol levels may impair telocytes, leading to a reduction in the quantity of CCK-AR and ultimately resulting in impaired gallbladder motility.Therefore, we hypothesize that telocytes may play a crucial role in maintaining biliary homeostasis, and their deficiency may be associated with the development of benign biliary diseases, including gallstone disease and biliary dilation.","['D000067170', 'D002769', 'D006801', 'D005704', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D001652', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D004108']"
38942904,Th2-biased immune responses to body migrating Ascaris larvae in primary infection are associated with pathology but not protection.,"Helminth infections lead to an overdispersion of the parasites in humans as well as in animals. We asked whether early immune responses against migrating Ascaris larvae are responsible for the unequal distribution of worms in natural host populations and thus investigated a susceptible versus a resistant mouse strain. In mice, the roundworm larvae develop until the lung stage and thus early anti-Ascaris immune responses against the migrating larvae in the liver and lung can be deciphered. Our data show that susceptible C57BL/6 mice respond to Ascaris larval migration significantly stronger compared to resistant CBA mice and the anti-parasite reactivity is associated with pathology. Increased eosinophil recruitment was detected in the liver and lungs, but also in the spleen and peritoneal cavity of susceptible mice on day 8 post infection compared to resistant mice. In serum, eosinophil peroxidase levels were significantly higher only in the susceptible mice, indicating functional activity of the recruited eosinophils. This effect was associated with an increased IL-5/IL-13 production by innate lymphoid cells and CD4+ T cells and a pronounced type 2 macrophage polarization in the lungs of susceptible mice. Furthermore, a comparison of wildtype BALB/c and eosinophil-deficient dblGATA-1 BALB/c mice showed that eosinophils were not essential for the early control of migrating Ascaris larvae. In conclusion, in primary infection, a strong local and systemic type 2 immune response during hepato-tracheal helminth larval migration is associated with pathology rather than protection.","['D000818', 'D001196', 'D007814', 'D051379', 'D018418', 'D008807', 'D008168', 'D001200', 'D004804', 'D008810', 'D008808', 'D008099', 'D005260']"
38942824,Enhancing hepatoprotective action: oxyberberine amorphous solid dispersion system targeting TLR4.,"Oxyberberine (OBB) is a significant natural compound, with excellent hepatoprotective properties. However, the poor water solubility of OBB hinders its release and absorption thus resulting in low bioavailability. To overcome these drawbacks of OBB, amorphous spray-dried powders (ASDs) of OBB were formulated. The dissolution, characterizations, and pharmacokinetics of OBB-ASDs formulation were investigated, and its hepatoprotective action was disquisitive in the D-GalN/LPS-induced acute liver injury (ALI) mouse model. The characterizations of OBB-ASDs indicated that the crystalline form of OBB active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) was changed into an amorphous form in OBB-ASDs. More importantly, OBB-ASDs showed a higher bioavailability than OBB API. In addition, OBB-ASDs treatment restored abnormal histopathological changes, improved liver functions, and relieved hepatic inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress in ALI mice. The spray drying techniques produced an amorphous form of OBB, which could significantly enhance the bioavailability and exhibit excellent hepatoprotective effects, indicating that the OBB-ASDs can exhibit further potential in hepatoprotective drug delivery systems. Our results provide guidance for improving the bioavailability and pharmacological activities of other compounds, especially insoluble natural compounds. Meanwhile, the successful development of OBB-ASDs could shed new light on the research process of poorly soluble medicine.","['D000818', 'D051197', 'D051379', 'D001682', 'D001599', 'D008297', 'D012995', 'D008099', 'D056486', 'D004195', 'D018384', 'D020011', 'D008070', 'D011208', 'D016503']"
38941607,Neuroimmune Interactions in the Intestine.,"Recent advances have contributed to a mechanistic understanding of neuroimmune interactions in the intestine and revealed an essential role of this cross talk for gut homeostasis and modulation of inflammatory and infectious intestinal diseases. In this review, we describe the innervation of the intestine by intrinsic and extrinsic neurons and then focus on the bidirectional communication between neurons and immune cells. First, we highlight the contribution of neuronal subtypes to the development of colitis and discuss the different immune and epithelial cell types that are regulated by neurons via the release of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters. Next, we review the role of intestinal inflammation in the development of visceral hypersensitivity and summarize how inflammatory mediators induce peripheral and central sensitization of gut-innervating sensory neurons. Finally, we outline the importance of immune cells and gut microbiota for the survival and function of different neuronal populations at homeostasis and during bacterial and helminth infection.","['D006801', 'D000818', 'D015213', 'D007422', 'D006706', 'D000069196', 'D007413', 'D009474', 'D009479', 'D017615']"
38941469,Glycolysis in hepatic stellate cells coordinates fibrogenic extracellular vesicle release spatially to amplify liver fibrosis.,"Liver fibrosis is characterized by the activation of perivascular hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the release of fibrogenic nanosized extracellular vesicles (EVs), and increased HSC glycolysis. Nevertheless, how glycolysis in HSCs coordinates fibrosis amplification through tissue zone-specific pathways remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that HSC-specific genetic inhibition of glycolysis reduced liver fibrosis. Moreover, spatial transcriptomics revealed a fibrosis-mediated up-regulation of EV-related pathways in the liver pericentral zone, which was abrogated by glycolysis genetic inhibition. Mechanistically, glycolysis in HSCs up-regulated the expression of EV-related genes such as Ras-related protein Rab-31 (RAB31) by enhancing histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation on the promoter region, which increased EV release. Functionally, these glycolysis-dependent EVs increased fibrotic gene expression in recipient HSC. Furthermore, EVs derived from glycolysis-deficient mice abrogated liver fibrosis amplification in contrast to glycolysis-competent mouse EVs. In summary, glycolysis in HSCs amplifies liver fibrosis by promoting fibrogenic EV release in the hepatic pericentral zone, which represents a potential therapeutic target.","['D000818', 'D006019', 'D008103', 'D055166', 'D000067128', 'D051379', 'D020691', 'D006801', 'D004195', 'D008099', 'D008810', 'D008297']"
38941381,Analysis of risk factors for the sigmoid stoma complications in patients after abdominoperineal resection surgery: An observational study.,"To analyze the risk factors for intraperitoneal sigmoid stoma complications after abdominoperineal resection (APR) surgery to guide clinical practice. Patients who were diagnosed with rectal cancer and underwent APR surgery from June 2013 to June 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. The characteristics of the stoma complication group and the no stoma complication group were compared, and univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were employed to identify risk factors for sigmoid stoma-related complications. A total of 379 patients who were diagnosed with rectal cancer and underwent APR surgery were enrolled in this study. The average age of the patients was 61.7 ± 12.1 years, and 226 (59.6%) patients were males. Patients in the short-term stoma complication group were younger (55.7 vs 62.0, P < .05) and had a more advanced tumor stage (P < .05). However, there was no significant difference between the long-term stoma complication group and the no stoma complication group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that operation time was an independent risk factor (P < .05, OR = 1.005, 95% CI = 1.000-1.010) for short-term stoma complications. Both the short-term and long-term stoma complication rates in our institution were low. A longer operation time was an independent risk factor for short-term stoma complications after APR surgery.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D012307', 'D012004', 'D011183', 'D012189', 'D054047', 'D000078542', 'D000368', 'D061646', 'D012809', 'D016015']"
38956258,Socioeconomic disparities and the genomic landscape of gastric cancer.,"The genomic characteristics of Peruvian patients with gastric adenocarcinoma from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds were examined in consideration of the possibility that patients from different socioeconomic backgrounds may be exposed to different risk factors. We conducted a prospective pilot study in two Peruvian cities (Lima and Ica). This study enrolled 15 patients from low socioeconomic status (LSES) and 15 patients from medium/high socioeconomic status (MHSES). The genomic profiling of gastric adenocarcinoma samples was done through the FoundationOne CDx platform. We compared the genomic characteristics and the need for targeted therapy and immunotherapy between LSES and MHSES. The genes with higher rates of alterations were TP53 (73.3% vs. 50.0%, P = 0.2635); CDH1 (26.7% vs. 28.6%, P = 1); CDKN2A (20.0% vs. 28.6%, P = 1); KRAS (33.3% vs. 7.1%, P = 0.1686); ARID1A (20.0% vs. 14.3%, P = 1); MLL2 (13.3% vs. 21.4%, P = 1) and SOX9 (33.3% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.0421) in LSES versus HMSES, respectively. There was no significant difference in tumor mutational burden (P = 0.377) or microsatellite status (P = 1). The LSES group had a higher need for targeted therapy or immunotherapy according to gene involvement and alterations. A significant genomic difference exists among patients with gastric adenocarcinoma of different socioeconomic status, which may result in a different need for targeted therapy and immunotherapy.","['D006801', 'D013274', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D000230', 'D011446', 'D023281', 'D010568', 'D010865', 'D000328', 'D012959', 'D009154', 'D012923', 'D000093862']"
38956134,Comprehensive survey of conserved RNA secondary structures in full-genome alignment of Hepatitis C virus.,"Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a plus-stranded RNA virus that often chronically infects liver hepatocytes and causes liver cirrhosis and cancer. These viruses replicate their genomes employing error-prone replicases. Thereby, they routinely generate a large 'cloud' of RNA genomes (quasispecies) which-by trial and error-comprehensively explore the sequence space available for functional RNA genomes that maintain the ability for efficient replication and immune escape. In this context, it is important to identify which RNA secondary structures in the sequence space of the HCV genome are conserved, likely due to functional requirements. Here, we provide the first genome-wide multiple sequence alignment (MSA) with the prediction of RNA secondary structures throughout all representative full-length HCV genomes. We selected 57 representative genomes by clustering all complete HCV genomes from the BV-BRC database based on k-mer distributions and dimension reduction and adding RefSeq sequences. We include annotations of previously recognized features for easy comparison to other studies. Our results indicate that mainly the core coding region, the C-terminal NS5A region, and the NS5B region contain secondary structure elements that are conserved beyond coding sequence requirements, indicating functionality on the RNA level. In contrast, the genome regions in between contain less highly conserved structures. The results provide a complete description of all conserved RNA secondary structures and make clear that functionally important RNA secondary structures are present in certain HCV genome regions but are largely absent from other regions. Full-genome alignments of all branches of Hepacivirus C are provided in the supplement.","['D016174', 'D016679', 'D012367', 'D009690', 'D017124', 'D006801', 'D016415', 'D006526']"
38956075,Rapid diagnosis of celiac disease based on plasma Raman spectroscopy combined with deep learning.,"Celiac Disease (CD) is a primary malabsorption syndrome resulting from the interplay of genetic, immune, and dietary factors. CD negatively impacts daily activities and may lead to conditions such as osteoporosis, malignancies in the small intestine, ulcerative jejunitis, and enteritis, ultimately causing severe malnutrition. Therefore, an effective and rapid differentiation between healthy individuals and those with celiac disease is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. This study utilizes Raman spectroscopy combined with deep learning models to achieve a non-invasive, rapid, and accurate diagnostic method for celiac disease and healthy controls. A total of 59 plasma samples, comprising 29 celiac disease cases and 30 healthy controls, were collected for experimental purposes. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Multi-Scale Convolutional Neural Network (MCNN), Residual Network (ResNet), and Deep Residual Shrinkage Network (DRSN) classification models were employed. The accuracy rates for these models were found to be 86.67%, 90.76%, 86.67% and 95.00%, respectively. Comparative validation results revealed that the DRSN model exhibited the best performance, with an AUC value and accuracy of 97.60% and 95%, respectively. This confirms the superiority of Raman spectroscopy combined with deep learning in the diagnosis of celiac disease.","['D002446', 'D006801', 'D013059', 'D000077321', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D016571', 'D016022', 'D008875']"
38955876,How can the surgeon choose preoperatively the most appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis vs therapy in pediatric acute appendicitis?,The aim of this study was to find statistically valid criteria to preoperatively divide acute appendicitis into simple and complicated to enable surgeons to administer the most appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis/therapy before surgery.,"['D006801', 'D001064', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D012189', 'D002648', 'D001062', 'D000293', 'D019072', 'D002675', 'D000900', 'D007223', 'D011300', 'D000208']"
38955677,[Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in Chinese children (2024)].,儿童下消化道出血（LGIB）约占消化道出血的四分之一，可由多种病因所致，严重者可危及生命。为了进一步规范儿童LGIB的诊断和治疗，中华医学会儿科学分会消化学组、国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心儿童消化疾病诊治协同创新联盟及中华儿科杂志编辑委员会牵头组织相关专家，在充分评价现有相关文献证据的基础上制订了本指南，以提高儿童LGIB的临床诊疗水平。.,"['D006801', 'D006471', 'D002648', 'D002681']"
38955676,[Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Chinese children (2024)].,消化道出血是儿童常见的疾病之一，急危重症者可危及患儿生命。而急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血（ANVUGIB）是儿童消化道出血的主要原因。为了进一步规范儿童ANVUGIB的诊断和治疗，中华医学会儿科学分会消化学组、国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心儿童消化疾病诊治协同创新联盟及中华儿科杂志编辑委员会组织相关专家，在充分评价现有相关文献证据的基础上制订了“中国儿童急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血诊治指南（2024）”，以提高儿童ANVUGIB的诊疗水平。.,"['D006801', 'D006471', 'D002648', 'D002681', 'D000208']"
38955675,"[Strengthen the clinical evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding in children].",儿童消化道出血是儿科常见疾病之一，病因多样且随年龄而有所不同，严重者可危及生命。加强多学科会诊，确保血流动力学和生命体征稳定，尽早明确病因诊断，及时采取有效的止血治疗，是提高救治成功率、减少并发症、降低病死率的关键。.,"['D006801', 'D006471', 'D002648']"
38955368,"Aggressive hydration with lactated Ringer's solution versus plasma solution for the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (ALPS study): protocol for a multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial.","Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) plays an indispensable role in treating pancreato-biliary diseases but carries a risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). Despite advances in the prevention strategies, prevention of PEP remains imperfect, necessitating more refined hydration methods. This study investigates the effectiveness of lactated Ringer's solution versus plasma solution in preventing PEP.","['D006801', 'D002760', 'D010195', 'D004311', 'D000077325', 'D056910', 'D016032', 'D015337', 'D005440', 'D008297', 'D005260']"
38955713,[Metastatic goblet cell adenocarcinoma of the appendix with ovarian tumor as the initial symptom: report of a case].,阑尾杯状细胞腺癌少见，本文报道1例以卵巢肿瘤为首发症状的转移性阑尾杯状细胞腺癌。患者女，67岁。腹痛2个月，CT示盆腔巨大囊实性肿物，考虑附件来源。术中送检左卵巢肿物，镜下观察大片坏死物中见印戒样/杯状细胞呈片状、筛状、腺管样或单个细胞排列。冷冻病理考虑转移性腺癌，建议临床检查消化道。术中探查发现阑尾肿物。遂行全子宫、双附件+右半结肠切除术。镜下观察少许阑尾肿瘤组织学形态与卵巢肿物一致，其他区域肿瘤细胞似神经内分泌细胞呈巢团、缎带状排列。卵巢和阑尾肿瘤均表达SATB2、CDX2，阑尾肿瘤局灶表达突触素。患者术后接受化疗。随访10个月，未见复发。.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D010051', 'D001063', 'D000368', 'D000230', 'D000071616', 'D003082']"
38954131,"Suprapubic versus transurethral catheterization for bladder drainage in male rectal cancer surgery (GRECCAR10), a randomized clinical trial.","Bladder drainage is systematically used in rectal cancer surgery; however, the optimal type of drainage, transurethral catheterization (TUC) or suprapubic catheterization (SPC), is still controversial. The aim was to compare the rates of urinary tract infection on the fourth postoperative day (POD4) between TUC and SPC, after rectal cancer surgery regardless of the day of removal of the urinary drain.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D012004', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D014546', 'D004322', 'D014552', 'D011183', 'D001743', 'D001530']"
38953978,"γδ T cells in human colon adenocarcinomas comprise mainly Vδ1, Vδ2, and Vδ3 cells with distinct phenotype and function.","Γδ T cell infiltration into tumours usually correlates with improved patient outcome, but both tumour-promoting and tumoricidal effects of γδ T cells have been documented. Human γδ T cells can be divided into functionally distinct subsets based on T cell receptor (TCR) Vδ usage. Still, the contribution of these different subsets to tumour immunity remains elusive. Here, we provide a detailed γδ T cell profiling in colon tumours, using mass and flow cytometry, mRNA quantification, and TCR sequencing. δ chain usage in both the macroscopically unaffected colon mucosa and tumours varied considerably between patients, with substantial fractions of Vδ1, Vδ2, and non-Vδ1 Vδ2 cells. Sequencing of the Vδ complementarity-determining region 3 showed that almost all non-Vδ1 Vδ2 cells used Vδ3 and that tumour-infiltrating γδ clonotypes were unique for every patient. Non-Vδ1Vδ2 cells from colon tumours expressed several activation markers but few NK cell receptors and exhaustion markers. In addition, mRNA analyses showed that non-Vδ1 Vδ2 cells expressed several genes for proteins with tumour-promoting functions, such as neutrophil-recruiting chemokines, Galectin 3, and transforming growth factor-beta induced. In summary, our results show a large variation in γδ T cell subsets between individual tumours, and that Vδ3 cells make up a substantial proportion of γδ T cells in colon tumours. We suggest that individual γδ T cell composition in colon tumours may contribute to the balance between favourable and adverse immune responses, and thereby also patient outcome.","['D006801', 'D016692', 'D003110', 'D000230', 'D010641', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D016176', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D016246']"
38953759,Nonoperative management and local excision after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for rectal cancer.,"Locally advanced extraperitoneal rectal cancer represents a significant clinical challenge, and currently, the standard treatment is based on neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT) followed by radical surgical resection with total mesorectal excision (TME). In the last 30 years, its management has undergone significant changes due to the improvement of complementary radio- and chemotherapy treatments, the improvement of minimally invasive surgical approaches and the diffusion of organ-sparing approaches, such as nonoperative management, commonly called ""watch and wait"" (NOM) and local excision (LE), in highly selected patients who achieve a major or complete response to neoadjuvant CRT. This review aimed to critically examine the efficacy and oncological safety of NOM and LE compared to those of standard TME in rectal cancer patients after neoadjuvant CRT. Both the pros and cons of these approaches were strictly analyzed, providing a comprehensive and critical overview of these novel management strategies for rectal cancer.","['D012004', 'D006801', 'D020360', 'D057832', 'D059248', 'D016896', 'D059186']"
38953758,Evolution and current trends in the management of colorectal cancer liver metastasis.,"Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is a major cause of cancer-related death, with a 5-year relative overall survival of up to 20%. The liver is the most common site of distant metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC), with about 50% of CRC patients metastasizing to their liver over the course of their disease. Complete liver resection is the primary modality of treatment for resectable colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM), with an overall 5-year survival rate of up to 58%. However, only 15% to 20% of patients with CRLM are deemed suitable for resection at presentation. For unresectable diseases, the median survival of patients remains low even with the best chemotherapy. In recent decades, the management of CRLM has continued to evolve with the expansion of resection criteria, novel targeted systemic therapies, and improved locoregional therapies. However, due to the heterogeneity of the CRC patient population, the optimal evaluation of treatment options for CRLM remains complex. Therefore, effective management requires a multidisciplinary team to help define resectability and devise a personalized treatment approach, from the initial diagnosis to the final treatment.","['D006801', 'D015179', 'D008113', 'D006498', 'D015996']"
38953755,Comparative study of short-and long-term results in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma undergoing surgical resection: does the extent and side of resection really affect outcome?,"The surgical management of perihilar carcinoma (pCCA) is still subject of ongoing debate. To provide more clarity, this study was conducted to evaluate outcomes related to the side and extent of heatectomy in patients with pCAA.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D006498', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D001650', 'D018285', 'D016896', 'D000368', 'D013997', 'D000328', 'D016577']"
38953401,The role of sarcopenic obesity for the prediction of prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal cancer.,"Sarcopenic obesity (SO) in patients with gastrointestinal cancer is associated with a poor prognosis. We aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of SO in patients with gastrointestinal cancer, as well as the diagnostic cut-off value of SO in patients with gastrointestinal cancer among Chinese population.","['D006801', 'D055948', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D005770', 'D011379', 'D008875', 'D009765', 'D000368', 'D001823', 'D012372', 'D018482', 'D053208', 'D050152']"
38953381,Outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated in the lenvatinib and immunotherapy era (2018-2021) compared to the sorafenib era (2008-2018).,"Lenvatinib (LEN) and atezolizumab + bevacizumab (A + B) have drastically changed the treatment paradigm for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Before these landmark trials, sorafenib (SOR) served as the standard first-line treatment for a decade. Our study aimed to assess the outcomes of HCC patients treated during the SOR era (2008-2018) in contrast to those in the post-SOR era (2018-2021), of which the predominant first-line treatments were LEN or A + B.","['D006801', 'D006528', 'D008113', 'D011804', 'D010671', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000077157', 'D012189', 'D000368', 'D061067', 'D000971', 'D000077982', 'D000068258', 'D016896', 'D007167']"
38953286,Robotic gastrectomy using hinotori™ Surgical Robot System: Initial case series.,"This study aims to prove the feasibility and safety of robotic gastrectomy using the hinotori™ Surgical Robot System (Medicaroid Corporation, Kobe, Japan).","['D006801', 'D005743', 'D065287', 'D013274', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D012189', 'D005240', 'D061646', 'D008197', 'D000369', 'D000328', 'D016896']"
38953262,[Advances in Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma].,"Primary liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system,of which hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for more than 90% of the total cases.The patients with early HCC treated by surgical resection generally demonstrate good prognosis.However,due to the insidious onset,HCC in the vast majority of patients has progressed to the mid-to-late stage when being diagnosed.As a result,surgical treatment has unsatisfactory effects,and non-surgical treatment methods generally have severe side effects and low tumor selectivity.Nanoparticles (NP) with small sizes,large specific surface areas,and unique physical and chemical properties have become potential carriers for the delivery of therapeutic agents such as drugs,genes,and cytokines.The nano-delivery systems with NP as the carrier can regulate the metabolism and transformation of drugs,genes,and cytokines in vivo from time,space,and dose via functional modification,showing great potential in the treatment of HCC.This paper introduces the current status and advantages of several common nano-delivery systems,including organic nano-carriers,inorganic nano-carriers,and exosomes,in the treatment of HCC.Furthermore,this paper summarizes the mechanisms of NP-based nano-carriers in treating HCC and provides reference for the development of new nano-delivery systems.","['D006528', 'D006801', 'D008113', 'D016503', 'D053758', 'D036103', 'D004337']"
38952728,Association of diet and outdoor time with inflammatory bowel disease: a multicenter case-control study using propensity matching analysis in China.,To investigate the association between dietary and some other environmental factors and the risk of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in Chinese population.,"['D006801', 'D002681', 'D005260', 'D016022', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D004032', 'D057216', 'D008875', 'D015212', 'D012307', 'D011795', 'D003093', 'D003424']"
38952725,Clinical and virological characteristics of coexistent hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody in treatment-naive children with chronic hepatitis B virus infection.,"Serological pattern of simultaneous positivity for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody against HBsAg (anti-HBs) is considered a specific and atypical phenomenon among patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, especially in pediatric patients. Unfortunately, there is limited understanding of the clinical and virological characteristics among children having chronic HBV infection and the coexistence of HBsAg and anti-HBs. Hence, our objective was to determine the prevalence of coexistent HBsAg and anti-HBs and to explore the associated clinical and virological features in this patient population. The researchers conducted a retrospective cohort study on the 413 pediatric patients with chronic HBV infection from December 2011 to June 2022. The patients were stratified into two groups based on their anti-HBs status. Demographic, serum biochemical and virological parameters of two group were compared. Of the total 413 enrolled subjects, 94 (22.8%) were tested positive for both HBsAg and anti-HBs. Patients with anti-HBs were younger and demonstrated significantly higher ratio of albumin to globulin (A/G), elevated serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), lower ratio of aspartate transaminase (AST)/ALT (AST/ALT) and reduced serum levels of globulin, HBsAg and HBV DNA, Additionally, these patients were more likely to show coexistent HBeAg and anti-HBe when compared to patients without anti-HBs. The results of multivariate logistical analysis revealed that AST/ALT, serum levels of globulin and HBsAg were negatively associated with coexistence of HBsAg and anti-HBs. Our data demonstrated a considerable prevalence of coexisting HBsAg and anti-HBs in pediatric patients. Children with this specific serological pattern were commonly of a younger age, seemly predisposing them to early liver impairment and lower HBV replication activity.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D006514', 'D005260', 'D002648', 'D012189', 'D019694', 'D006510', 'D002675', 'D006515', 'D000410', 'D000293', 'D004279', 'D002681', 'D015995', 'D001219']"
38952672,Complete response of metastatic microsatellite-stable BRAF V600E colorectal cancer to first-line oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade.,"The randomized METIMMOX trial (NCT03388190) examined if patients with previously untreated, unresectable abdominal metastases from microsatellite-stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC) might benefit from potentially immunogenic, short-course oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy alternating with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Three of 38 patients assigned to this experimental treatment had metastases from BRAF-mutant MSS-CRC, in general a poor-prognostic subgroup explored here. The ≥70-year-old females presented with ascending colon adenocarcinomas with intermediate tumor mutational burden (6.2-11.8 mutations per megabase). All experienced early disappearance of the primary tumor followed by complete response of all overt metastatic disease, resulting in progression-free survival as long as 20-35 months. However, they encountered recurrence at previously unaffected sites and ultimately sanctuary organs, or as intrahepatic tumor evolution reflected in the terminal loss of initially induced T-cell clonality in liver metastases. Yet, the remarkable first-line responses to short-course oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy alternating with ICB may offer a novel therapeutic option to a particularly hard-to-treat MSS-CRC subgroup.","['D006801', 'D000077150', 'D005260', 'D048493', 'D015179', 'D000082082', 'D000368', 'D000971', 'D009154', 'D053842', 'D016896', 'D000369']"
38952643,"Clinical Findings, Bacterial Agents, and Antibiotic Resistance in Children with Spontaneous Peritonitis in Southern Iran: An Academic Tertiary Referral Center's Experience.","Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a fatal complication of ascites fluid infection. The causes of SBP in children differ from those in adults, and these bacteria are frequently resistant to antibiotics. Therefore, this study investigated the clinical findings, bacterial etiology, and antimicrobial resistance in children with SBP.","['D006801', 'D010538', 'D002648', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D007492', 'D002675', 'D000900', 'D062606', 'D007223', 'D000293', 'D024881', 'D001201', 'D001424', 'D008826']"
38952388,Case report: Exceptional transmission of congenital hyperinsulinism from a focal CHI mother to her diffuse CHI dichorionic diamniotic twins.,"We present the case of a 36-year-old female who was diagnosed at birth with CHI that caused severe hypoglycaemia unresponsive to Diazoxide. Subtotal pancreatectomy was performed at the age of three weeks. Later, histological analysis of her pancreas in a research setting revealed a focal form of CHI. Genetic testing was not available at that time. The patient developed pancreatic exocrine deficiency and insulin-dependent diabetes at the age of 9 years. In 2016, a genetic test revealed a missense heterozygous variant in the ABCC8 gene inherited from her father and classified as having a recessive inheritance. The geneticist concluded that the risk of CHI for her offspring would be low (1/600), making pregnancy favourable. As there was no consanguinity in the family, testing the future father was deemed unnecessary (carrier frequency 1/150 in the general population). The pregnancy occurred spontaneously in 2020 and at a gestational age of 28 weeks, the mother went into premature labour. An emergency C-section was performed in April 2021 resulting in the birth of bichorial bi-amniotic male twins. Following birth, both newborns experienced persistent severe hypoglycaemia which required glucagon treatment and intravenous glucose infusion initially, followed by Diazoxide from day 51 after birth, without satisfactory response. Continuous intravenous Octreotide treatment was introduced on day 72. Due to the recurrence of hypoglycaemia episodes despite reaching maximum doses of Octreotide, from day 92 the treatment was switched to Pasireotide. Genetic tests revealed the same genotypes for both infants: the exon 39 missense variant (c.4716C>A; p.Ser1572Arg) inherited from their mother and a truncating variant in exon 28 (c.3550del; p.Val1184*), inherited from their asymptomatic father. As a result of inheriting two recessive variants of the ABCC8 gene, the children were diagnosed with a diffuse form of CHI, consistent with the diazoxide-unresponsive presentation. This situation is very rare outside consanguinity. This case emphasises the significance of genetic counselling for individuals with a history of rare diseases outside the context of consanguinity, as there is a potential risk of recurrence. Prenatal diagnosis can lead to better outcomes for affected neonates, as well as help families make informed decisions about future pregnancies.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D044903', 'D011247', 'D000328', 'D007231', 'D064233', 'D008297', 'D014429']"
38952387,Endoscopic ultrasonography-based intratumoral and peritumoral machine learning radiomics analyses for distinguishing insulinomas from non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.,To develop and validate radiomics models utilizing endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) images to distinguish insulinomas from non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PNETs).,"['D006801', 'D000069550', 'D010190', 'D019160', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D007340', 'D000328', 'D018358', 'D003937', 'D000368', 'D049451', 'D000097188']"
38952311,[Development of a grading diagnostic model for schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis based on radiomics and clinical laboratory indicators].,To investigate the feasibility of developing a grading diagnostic model for schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis based on B-mode ultrasonographic images and clinical laboratory indicators.,"['D006801', 'D012552', 'D008103', 'D000069550', 'D014463', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D060388', 'D007091', 'D000097188']"
38952213,Perceptions of the Impact of Comorbidity on the Bowel Cancer Screening Programme: Qualitative Study With Bowel Screening Participants and Staff.,"The impact of multiple health conditions on bowel cancer screening is currently unknown. We explored the impact of multiple health conditions on bowel cancer screening perceptions, experience and clinical management decisions following a positive stool test.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D036301', 'D055088', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D015897', 'D015179', 'D007407', 'D008403', 'D014852', 'D000328']"
38952185,Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in Non-Liver Solid Organ Transplantation: Incidence and Risk Analysis.,Hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBVr) can occur in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with previously inactive hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Previous studies have reported that HBVr is generally less than 10% in nonliver SOT recipients with past HBV infection.,"['D006801', 'D012189', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D006515', 'D015994', 'D008875', 'D016377', 'D006509', 'D005500', 'D012307', 'D014775', 'D000998', 'D011379', 'D000328', 'D018570', 'D011183', 'D000368']"
38952090,[Analysis of correlation between high expression of nucleoporin 85 (NUP85) and immune cell infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma].,"Objective To investigate the significance of nucleoporin 85 (NUP85) ex-pression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and analyze its relevance to immune response. Methods A comprehensive analysis was conducted using various online databases to assess the mRNA and protein expression of NUP85 in HCC, as well as its mutation status and prognostic diagnostic value. The immune relevance of NUP85 was evaluated using single-cell sequencing data and resources from the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2021 (GEPIA2021) databases. The drug sensitivity of NUP85 was analyzed through the Genomic Landscape of Cancer (GSCA) and the Clinical Bioinformatics Home. Co-expressed genes of NUP85 in HCC were filtered using the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Comprehensive Molecular Database (HCCDB), and the correlation between NUP85 and its related genes was analyzed using the R language ""limma"" package. The gene ontology (GO) functions, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of NUP85 and its related genes were performed using the R language ""clusterProfiler"" package. The Clinical Bioinformatics Home was utilized to construct heatmaps and prognostic risk scoring models for NUP85 and its related genes. Results NUP85 mRNA and protein expression were upregulated in HCC, showing high levels across dif-ferent stages and grades, which indicates a poor prognosis for patients. The mutation rate of NUP85 in HCC samples was 19%, significantly affecting the overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients. NUP85 was highly expressed in various immune cells, including macrophages, B cells, and T cells, and was positively correlated with the infiltration levels of multiple immune cells. The expression of NUP85 was significantly correlated with multiple drugs, such as Milademetan (PD0325901), a structural analog of Vemurafenib (PLX4720), and Regorafenib (PD0325901). The GO functions of NUP85 and its co-expressed genes were mainly enriched in organelle fission, nuclear division, and chromosome segregation, while the KEGG pathways were primarily enriched in the cell cycle and kinesin proteins. These factors significantly and unfavorably affected the OS of HCC patients, and the areas under the ROC curve (AUC) for the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS prognostic diagnosis of HCC patients were all greater than 0.7. Conclusion The high expression of NUP85 in HCC is correlated with a poor prognosis and is related to various immune cells and drugs, making it a potential biomarker for di-agnosis, treatment, and prognosis in HCC.","['D006801', 'D006528', 'D008113', 'D028861', 'D011379', 'D015972', 'D008297']"
38951915,CViewer: a Java-based statistical framework for integration of shotgun metagenomics with other omics datasets.,"Shotgun metagenomics for microbial community survey recovers enormous amount of information for microbial genomes that include their abundances, taxonomic, and phylogenetic information, as well as their genomic makeup, the latter of which then helps retrieve their function based on annotated gene products, mRNA, protein, and metabolites. Within the context of a specific hypothesis, additional modalities are often included, to give host-microbiome interaction. For example, in human-associated microbiome projects, it has become increasingly common to include host immunology through flow cytometry. Whilst there are plenty of software approaches available, some that utilize marker-based and assembly-based approaches, for downstream statistical analyses, there is still a dearth of statistical tools that help consolidate all such information in a single platform. By virtue of stringent computational requirements, the statistical workflow is often passive with limited visual exploration.","['D056186', 'D006801', 'D012984', 'D064307', 'D000069196', 'D019295', 'D054892', 'D003424']"
38951911,"Functional hydrogels for hepatocellular carcinoma: therapy, imaging, and in vitro model.","Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most common malignancies worldwide and is characterized by high rates of morbidity and mortality, posing a serious threat to human health. Interventional embolization therapy is the main treatment against middle- and late-stage liver cancer, but its efficacy is limited by the performance of embolism, hence the new embolic materials have provided hope to the inoperable patients. Especially, hydrogel materials with high embolization strength, appropriate viscosity, reliable security and multifunctionality are widely used as embolic materials, and can improve the efficacy of interventional therapy. In this review, we have described the status of research on hydrogels and challenges in the field of HCC therapy. First, various preparation methods of hydrogels through different cross-linking methods are introduced, then the functions of hydrogels related to HCC are summarized, including different HCC therapies, various imaging techniques, in vitro 3D models, and the shortcomings and prospects of the proposed applications are discussed in relation to HCC. We hope that this review is informative for readers interested in multifunctional hydrogels and will help researchers develop more novel embolic materials for interventional therapy of HCC.","['D020100', 'D008113', 'D006528', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D004621']"
38951874,Senescent endothelial cells promote liver metastasis of uveal melanoma in single-cell resolution.,"Uveal melanoma (UM), the most common adult intraocular tumor, is characterized by high malignancy and poor prognosis in advanced stages. Angiogenesis is critical for UM development, however, not only the role of vascular endothelial dysfunction in UM remains unknown, but also their analysis at the single-cell level has been lacking. A comprehensive analysis is essential to clarify the role of the endothelium in the development of UM.","['D006801', 'D014604', 'D008545', 'D008113', 'D042783', 'D059010', 'D000090062', 'D002465', 'D016922', 'D051741', 'D045744', 'D054377', 'D015972', 'D005260', 'D008297']"
38951825,Classification of the oesophageal perforation.,"Esophageal perforations are a complex clinical scenario that have been poorly studied. To date, there is no grading of esophageal perforations, the reason being that the outcome is very heterogeneous, because the perforation is very heterogeneous. A grading of the severity of the perforation may guide treatment, and could ultimately affect morbidity and mortality.","['D006801', 'D004939', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D000369', 'D000293', 'D012189', 'D055815']"
38951801,Spatial distribution pattern of immune cells is associated with patient prognosis in colorectal cancer.,"The spatial context of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) is important in predicting colorectal cancer (CRC) patients' clinical outcomes. However, the prognostic value of the TIIC spatial distribution is unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between TIICs in situ and patient prognosis in a large CRC sample.","['D006801', 'D015179', 'D011379', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D059016', 'D016000', 'D000368', 'D016246', 'D007150', 'D008264', 'D062206']"
38951795,The survival prediction of advanced colorectal cancer received neoadjuvant therapy-a study of SEER database.,The aim of study was to screen factors associated with the overall survival of colorectal cancer patients with lymph nodes metastasis who received neoadjuvant therapy and construct a nomogram model.,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D015179', 'D018426', 'D020360', 'D049451', 'D008875', 'D015996', 'D005500', 'D011379', 'D000368', 'D008207', 'D009367', 'D000328', 'D012189']"
38951638,Exploration and verification a 13-gene diagnostic framework for ulcerative colitis across multiple platforms via machine learning algorithms.,"Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with intricate pathogenesis and varied presentation. Accurate diagnostic tools are imperative to detect and manage UC. This study sought to construct a robust diagnostic model using gene expression profiles and to identify key genes that differentiate UC patients from healthy controls. Gene expression profiles from eight cohorts, encompassing a total of 335 UC patients and 129 healthy controls, were analyzed. A total of 7530 gene sets were computed using the GSEA method. Subsequent batch correction, PCA plots, and intersection analysis identified crucial pathways and genes. Machine learning, incorporating 101 algorithm combinations, was employed to develop diagnostic models. Verification was done using four external cohorts, adding depth to the sample repertoire. Evaluation of immune cell infiltration was undertaken through single-sample GSEA. All statistical analyses were conducted using R (Version: 4.2.2), with significance set at a P value below 0.05. Employing the GSEA method, 7530 gene sets were computed. From this, 19 intersecting pathways were discerned to be consistently upregulated across all cohorts, which pertained to cell adhesion, development, metabolism, immune response, and protein regulation. This corresponded to 83 unique genes. Machine learning insights culminated in the LASSO regression model, which outperformed others with an average AUC of 0.942. This model's efficacy was further ratified across four external cohorts, with AUC values ranging from 0.694 to 0.873 and significant Kappa statistics indicating its predictive accuracy. The LASSO logistic regression model highlighted 13 genes, with LCN2, ASS1, and IRAK3 emerging as pivotal. Notably, LCN2 showcased significantly heightened expression in active UC patients compared to both non-active patients and healthy controls (P < 0.05). Investigations into the correlation between these genes and immune cell infiltration in UC highlighted activated dendritic cells, with statistically significant positive correlations noted for LCN2 and IRAK3 across multiple datasets. Through comprehensive gene expression analysis and machine learning, a potent LASSO-based diagnostic model for UC was developed. Genes such as LCN2, ASS1, and IRAK3 hold potential as both diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets, offering a promising direction for future UC research and clinical application.","['D006801', 'D000069550', 'D003093', 'D000465', 'D020869', 'D059467', 'D053592', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000071068', 'D016022', 'D015415', 'D000328']"
38951569,"Combining single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing, NK cell marker genes reveal a prognostic and immune status in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.","The NK cell is an important component of the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), also plays a significant role in PDAC development. This study aimed to explore the relationship between NK cell marker genes and prognosis, immune response of PDAC patients. By scRNA-seq data, we found the proportion of NK cells were significantly downregulated in PDAC and 373 NK cell marker genes were screened out. By TCGA database, we enrolled 7 NK cell marker genes to construct the signature for predicting prognosis in PDAC patients. Cox analysis identified the signature as an independent factor for pancreatic cancer. Subsequently, the predictive power of signature was validated by 6 GEO datasets and had an excellent evaluation. Our analysis of relationship between the signature and patients' immune status revealed that the signature has a strong correlation with immunocyte infiltration, inflammatory reaction, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) response. The NK cell marker genes are closely related to the prognosis and immune capacity of PDAC patients, and they have potential value as a therapeutic target.","['D006801', 'D021441', 'D007694', 'D011379', 'D010190', 'D014408', 'D059010', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D015972', 'D017423', 'D059016', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D020869']"
38951519,CRISPR screens reveal convergent targeting strategies against evolutionarily distinct chemoresistance in cancer.,"Resistance to chemotherapy has been a major hurdle that limits therapeutic benefits for many types of cancer. Here we systematically identify genetic drivers underlying chemoresistance by performing 30 genome-scale CRISPR knockout screens for seven chemotherapeutic agents in multiple cancer cells. Chemoresistance genes vary between conditions primarily due to distinct genetic background and mechanism of action of drugs, manifesting heterogeneous and multiplexed routes towards chemoresistance. By focusing on oxaliplatin and irinotecan resistance in colorectal cancer, we unravel that evolutionarily distinct chemoresistance can share consensus vulnerabilities identified by 26 second-round CRISPR screens with druggable gene library. We further pinpoint PLK4 as a therapeutic target to overcome oxaliplatin resistance in various models via genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition, highlighting a single-agent strategy to antagonize evolutionarily distinct chemoresistance. Our study not only provides resources and insights into the molecular basis of chemoresistance, but also proposes potential biomarkers and therapeutic strategies against such resistance.","['D019008', 'D006801', 'D045744', 'D000970', 'D000077150', 'D000077146', 'D064113', 'D017346', 'D015179', 'D000818', 'D009369', 'D064112', 'D051379', 'D015972']"
38951245,Sequential therapy of refractory metastatic pancreatic cancer with 5-FU/LV/irinotecan (FOLFIRI) vs. 5-FU/LV/oxaliplatin (OFF). The PANTHEON trial (AIO PAK 0116).,"In patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer, after failure of gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel, this trial compares the efficacy of second-line therapy with FOLFIRI vs. OFF (1:1 randomisation) with cross-over to the vice-versa regimen as third-line therapy.","['D006801', 'D010190', 'D000971', 'D008297', 'D005472', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D002955', 'D000368', 'D000077150', 'D000077146', 'D000328', 'D002166', 'D000077982', 'D018592']"
38951178,Label-free morpho-molecular phenotyping of living cancer cells by combined Raman spectroscopy and phase tomography.,"Accurate, rapid and non-invasive cancer cell phenotyping is a pressing concern across the life sciences, as standard immuno-chemical imaging and omics require extended sample manipulation. Here we combine Raman micro-spectroscopy and phase tomography to achieve label-free morpho-molecular profiling of human colon cancer cells, following the adenoma, carcinoma, and metastasis disease progression, in living and unperturbed conditions. We describe how to decode and interpret quantitative chemical and co-registered morphological cell traits from Raman fingerprint spectra and refractive index tomograms. Our multimodal imaging strategy rapidly distinguishes cancer phenotypes, limiting observations to a low number of pristine cells in culture. This synergistic dataset allows us to study independent or correlated information in spectral and tomographic maps, and how it benefits cell type inference. This method is a valuable asset in biomedical research, particularly when biological material is in short supply, and it holds the potential for non-invasive monitoring of cancer progression in living organisms.","['D006801', 'D013059', 'D010641', 'D003110', 'D045744']"
38953860,TORONTO: A trial-oriented multidimensional psychometric testing algorithm.,"Bayesian adaptive methods for sensory threshold determination were conceived originally to track a single threshold. When applied to the testing of vision, they do not exploit the spatial patterns that underlie thresholds at different locations in the visual field. Exploiting these patterns has been recognized as key to further improving visual field test efficiency. We present a new approach (TORONTO) that outperforms other existing methods in terms of speed and accuracy. TORONTO generalizes the QUEST/ZEST algorithm to estimate simultaneously multiple thresholds. After each trial, without waiting for a fully determined threshold, the trial-oriented approach updates not only the location currently tested but also all other locations based on patterns in a reference data set. Since the availability of reference data can be limited, techniques are developed to overcome this limitation. TORONTO was evaluated using computer-simulated visual field tests: In the reliable condition (false positive [FP] = false negative [FN] = 3%), the median termination and root mean square error (RMSE) of TORONTO was 153 trials and 2.0 dB, twice as fast with equal accuracy as ZEST. In the FP = FN = 15% condition, TORONTO terminated in 151 trials and was 2.2 times faster than ZEST with better RMSE (2.6 vs. 3.7 dB). In the FP = FN = 30% condition, TORONTO achieved 4.2 dB RMSE in 148 trials, while all other techniques had > 6.5 dB RMSE and terminated much slower. In conclusion, TORONTO is a fast and accurate algorithm for determining multiple thresholds under a wide range of reliability and subject conditions.","['D006801', 'D000465', 'D011594', 'D012684', 'D058609', 'D014794', 'D001499', 'D003198', 'D015203']"
38953821,Effect of Diet Counseling on Nutritional Status of Chronic Respiratory Diseases Patients Enrolled in the Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program in a Teaching Hospital: A Pre-Post Intervention Study.,"We conducted the study to assess the effect of patient-tailored diet counseling on the nutritional status of chronic respiratory disease (CRD) patients under the pulmonary rehabilitation program from June 2021-May 2022. These patients completed 2 months of patient-tailored diet counseling sessions under the pulmonary rehabilitation program, which consisted of 4-5 interactive diet counseling sessions fortnightly. The pre- and postassessment was done using standardized outcomes: Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), body mass index (BMI), and ideal body weight. The study enrolled 110 CRD patients. There was a statistically significant improvement in pre- and postassessment in MUST score, appetite, and unintentional weight loss (P < 0.001). Most of the patient's BMI normalized. In prenutritional assessment, most of the patients were malnourished and in postassessment, the number of malnourished and anemic patients was reduced. This study concludes that nutritional counseling effectively improves nutritional status and anemia.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D009752', 'D006784', 'D008875', 'D003376', 'D044342', 'D015992', 'D002908', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D007194', 'D015596', 'D000740']"
38953517,Hippocampus and striatum show distinct contributions to longitudinal changes in value-based learning in middle childhood.,"The hippocampal-dependent memory system and striatal-dependent memory system modulate reinforcement learning depending on feedback timing in adults, but their contributions during development remain unclear. In a 2-year longitudinal study, 6-to-7-year-old children performed a reinforcement learning task in which they received feedback immediately or with a short delay following their response. Children's learning was found to be sensitive to feedback timing modulations in their reaction time and inverse temperature parameter, which quantifies value-guided decision-making. They showed longitudinal improvements towards more optimal value-based learning, and their hippocampal volume showed protracted maturation. Better delayed model-derived learning covaried with larger hippocampal volume longitudinally, in line with the adult literature. In contrast, a larger striatal volume in children was associated with both better immediate and delayed model-derived learning longitudinally. These findings show, for the first time, an early hippocampal contribution to the dynamic development of reinforcement learning in middle childhood, with neurally less differentiated and more cooperative memory systems than in adults.","['D006801', 'D002648', 'D006624', 'D008137', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D003342', 'D012054', 'D007858', 'D008279', 'D003657', 'D011930']"
38951937,Psychometric properties of the arabic translation of the Physical Appearance Comparison Scale-Revised (PACS-R) in adults.,"Physical comparison may be a factor in body dissatisfaction and related issues, like eating disorders and depression. The Physical Appearance Comparison Scale-Revised (PACS-R) is a scale developed to assess the frequency of physical comparison. Because there is no validated scale for body comparison in Arabic, this study aims to address this gap by validating the PACS-R in the Arabic language.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D011594', 'D015203', 'D001828', 'D055815', 'D012649', 'D007861', 'D008875', 'D014177', 'D014175', 'D011795', 'D000079182', 'D000293', 'D011569']"
38951149,"Prevalence and 20-year trends in meditation, yoga, guided imagery and progressive relaxation use among US adults from 2002 to 2022.","Meditation, yoga, guided imagery, and progressive relaxation are promoted as complementary approaches for health and wellbeing in the United States, but their uptake by different sociodemographic groups is unclear. This study assessed the prevalence and 20 year trends in the use of these practices in US adults between 2002-2022. We examined practice use and associations with sociodemographic and health factors in a population-weighted analysis of n = 134,959 participants across 5 cycles of the National Health Interview Survey. The overall use of meditation (18.3%, 60.53 million), yoga (16.8%, 55.78 million) and guided imagery/progressive relaxation (6.7%, 22.22 million) increased significantly from 2002 to 2022. Growth was consistent across most sociodemographic and health strata, however users of 'Other' race (comprising 54% Indigenous Americans, Odds Ratios; ORs = 1.28-1.70) and users with moderate (ORs = 1.19-1.29) psychological distress were overrepresented across all practices, and those with severe psychological distress were overrepresented in meditation (OR = 1.33) and guided imagery/progressive relaxation (OR = 1.42). Meditation use has accelerated over time for 65 + year olds (OR = 4.22), people not accessing mental health care (OR = 1.39), and less educated (OR = 4.02) groups, potentially reflecting unmet health needs. Health professionals should consider the extensive use of complementary practices in service and treatment planning and consider their risks and benefits.","['D006801', 'D019122', 'D015013', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D014481', 'D008875', 'D015995', 'D000368', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D012064', 'D019018']"
38951101,[Thinking on the classification of non-invasive brain stimulation as neuromodulation technique].,"Neuromodulation techniques have gradually evolved from electrical or chemical methods to various physical stimulation techniques including electricity, magnetism, sound, light, heat, and more. However, the clinical efficacy and mechanisms of each stimulation technique or paradigm vary greatly. To facilitate the understanding of the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of different neuromodulation techniques, combined with current clinical practice, the author takes the classification of non-invasive transcranial electrical stimulation as an example and proposes the idea of using energy magnitude as the primary classification and different media/stimulation routes as the secondary classification. This classification emphasizes the energy essence of various physical stimuli, followed by the transmission carriers of physical stimuli. This classification method helps to guide and design neuromodulation paradigms for different target symptoms in various brain disorders, which is beneficial for better serving clinical diagnosis and treatment. The Expert Forum also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various neuromodulation technologies and their clinical applications.","['D006801', 'D065908', 'D001921', 'D050781', 'D001927']"
38951006,"Assessing the efficacy of a brief universal family skills programme on child behaviour and family functioning in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan: protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial of the Strong Families programme.","The global burden of mental health difficulties among children underscores the importance of early prevention. This study aims to assess the efficacy, feasibility and acceptability of the Strong Families programme in enhancing child behaviour and family functioning in low-resource settings in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.","['D006801', 'D010154', 'D002648', 'D005240', 'D000293', 'D005260', 'D002652', 'D016032', 'D008297', 'D005196', 'D015397', 'D016487']"
38950993,Graded Exposure Therapy for Fear Avoidance Behaviour After Concussion (GET FAB): protocol for a multisite Canadian randomised controlled trial.,"Persistent symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) negatively affect daily functioning and quality of life. Fear avoidance behaviour, a coping style in which people avoid or escape from activities or situations that they expect will exacerbate their symptoms, maybe a particularly potent and modifiable risk factor for chronic disability after mTBI. This study will evaluate the efficacy of graded exposure therapy (GET) for reducing persistent symptoms following mTBI, with two primary aims: (1) To determine whether GET is more effective than usual care; (2) to identify for whom GET is the most effective treatment option, by evaluating whether baseline fear avoidance moderates differences between GET and an active comparator (prescribed aerobic exercise). Our findings will guide evidence-based care after mTBI and enable better matching of mTBI patients to treatments.","['D006801', 'D001924', 'D005239', 'D002170', 'D007171', 'D001362', 'D011788', 'D016032', 'D038223', 'D008297', 'D015337', 'D000328', 'D005260']"
38950445,"SCAT5 baseline values, test-retest reliability, and reliable change metrics in high school athletes.","In the United States, more than 1 million sport-related concussions afflict children annually, with many cases undetected or unreported. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) is widely used to detect concussions in high school, collegiate, and professional sports. The objective of this study was to establish baseline values for the SCAT version 5 (SCAT5) in high school athletes.","['D006801', 'D000293', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D001924', 'D015203', 'D056352', 'D055815', 'D001265', 'D012189', 'D009483', 'D012574', 'D013334']"
38950442,"The association between continuing to play, clinical domains, and recovery outcomes in collegiate athletes following concussion.","Continued play following concussion can lead to worse outcomes and longer recoveries compared with athletes who immediately report. This has been well documented in youth athletes, while less attention has been paid to collegiate athletes despite differences in healthcare access, recovery trajectories, and additional pressures to play. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if continuing to play immediately following a concussion influenced clinical outcomes and recovery time in collegiate athletes.","['D006801', 'D001924', 'D008297', 'D001265', 'D005260', 'D056352', 'D020127', 'D011446', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D014495', 'D000068958', 'D009483', 'D013334']"
38950437,The influence of prior COVID-19 diagnosis on concussion recovery outcomes.,"While the clinical presentations of COVID-19 and concussion are not identical, there is a significant overlap in symptomology (e.g., fatigue, headache) and neurological deficits (e.g., cognitive, vestibular). However, limited research has examined the effect of prior COVID-19 diagnosis on concussion outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if prior diagnosis of COVID-19 influences concussion outcomes, including concussion assessment scores and recovery time, in college-aged individuals.","['D006801', 'D001924', 'D000086382', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D011446', 'D055815', 'D020127', 'D000328', 'D009483']"
38950012,Validation of the patient reported experiences and outcomes of safety in primary care compact Form Brazil.,To analyze the psychometric properties of the cross-culturally adapted version of the Patient Reported Experiences and Outcomes of Safety in Primary Care (PREOS-PC) Compact Form Brazil.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D001938', 'D011320', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D011594', 'D061214', 'D000071066', 'D011795', 'D005163', 'D055815']"
38950011,Behavioral and neural measures of confidence using a novel auditory pitch identification task.,"Observers can discriminate between correct versus incorrect perceptual decisions with feelings of confidence. The centro-parietal positivity build-up rate (CPP slope) has been suggested as a likely neural signature of accumulated evidence, which may guide both perceptual performance and confidence. However, CPP slope also covaries with reaction time, which also covaries with confidence in previous studies, and performance and confidence typically covary; thus, CPP slope may index signatures of perceptual performance rather than confidence per se. Moreover, perceptual metacognition-including neural correlates-has largely been studied in vision, with few exceptions. Thus, we lack understanding of domain-general neural signatures of perceptual metacognition outside vision. Here we designed a novel auditory pitch identification task and collected behavior with simultaneous 32-channel EEG in healthy adults. Participants saw two tone labels which varied in tonal distance on each trial (e.g., C vs D, C vs F), then heard a single auditory tone; they identified which label was correct and rated confidence. We found that pitch identification confidence varied with tonal distance, but performance, metacognitive sensitivity (trial-by-trial covariation of confidence with accuracy), and reaction time did not. Interestingly, however, while CPP slope covaried with performance and reaction time, it did not significantly covary with confidence. We interpret these results to mean that CPP slope is likely a signature of first-order perceptual processing and not confidence-specific signals or computations in auditory tasks. Our novel pitch identification task offers a valuable method to examine the neural correlates of auditory and domain-general perceptual confidence.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D004569', 'D011930', 'D055815', 'D010898', 'D000161', 'D000067489', 'D001307']"
38949778,Impact of racial microaggressions in psychotherapy vignettes with african american clients: An experimental analogue design.,"Mental health researchers have focused on promoting culturally sensitive clinical care (Herman et al., 2007; Whaley & Davis, 2007), emphasizing the need to understand how biases may impact client well-being. Clients report that their therapists commit racial microaggressions-subtle, sometimes unintentional, racial slights-during treatment (Owen et al., 2014). Yet, existing studies often rely on retrospective evaluations of clients and cannot establish the causal impact of varying ambiguity of microaggressions on clients. This study uses an experimental analogue design to examine offensiveness, emotional reactions, and evaluations of the interaction across three distinct levels of microaggression statements: subtle, moderate, and overt. We recruited 158 adult African American participants and randomly assigned them to watch a brief counseling vignette. We found significant differences between the control and three microaggression statements on all outcome variables. We did not find significant differences between the microaggression conditions. This study, in conjunction with previous correlational research, highlights the detrimental impact of microaggressions within psychotherapy, regardless of racially explicit content. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","['D006801', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D001741', 'D005260', 'D000374', 'D011613', 'D011369', 'D063505', 'D008875', 'D055815']"
38949454,Legal requirements for reporting clinical cases to the South African police or social services.,"Medical confidentiality is the cornerstone for a trustful relationship between patients and the health professionals attending to them. However, when history or clinical findings suggest certain offenses, statutory laws (Children's Act, Older Persons Act, Mental Health Care Act, Sexual Offenses Act) establish a legal obligation for health professionals to report suspected instances of abuse to the police or alternatively, in some cases, to a designated social worker. Given the high rate of domestic violence and abuse in South Africa, health professionals are most likely to encounter such situations. Many clinicians are oblivious of the obligations, exposing themselves to possible liability and their patients to potential additional harm. This article aims to demonstrate the reporting requirements under the respective acts through case scenarios. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the existing legal setting are discussed briefly.","['D013019', 'D006801', 'D016495', 'D019221', 'D003219', 'D012947', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D017579']"
38949000,Psychological First Aid.,"In this communication, we discuss the concept of psychological first aid, as relevant to diabetes management. Psychological first aid, in the diabetes care context, is defined as ""the empathic support, counselling and education to improve coping skills, and optimize selfcare of persons living with diabetes, so that psychological well-being can be optimized."" Various models can help provide structured psychological first aid. We feel that each and every health care provider should be able to provide effective first aid, including psychological first aid.","['D006801', 'D000223', 'D003376', 'D003920', 'D010353', 'D012648', 'D012944', 'D004645', 'D005392']"
38948981,Common practices of Speech and language pathologists about partner oriented training to treat aphasia.,To find the common practices among speech language pathologists regarding partner-oriented training for aphasic patients.,"['D006801', 'D001037', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D013066', 'D010154', 'D036301', 'D017028', 'D003142', 'D000328', 'D003376', 'D018454']"
38948943,"The Relationship of Rumination, Worry and OCD Symptoms During Technology Supported Mindfulness Therapy for OCD.","In this study, we re-examined data from a previous randomized controlled trial investigating 'technology supported mindfulness' (TSM)-an 8-week treatment intervention for individuals experiencing OCD. The current analysis involves an examination of the longitudinal relationships between rumination, worry and OCD symptom changes during mindfulness treatment, in comparison to a waitlist control.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D064866', 'D009771', 'D000074222', 'D000328', 'D016896', 'D001007', 'D008875', 'D011795']"
38946040,Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Chinese version of the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire-short in patients with cancer.,The study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties and measurement invariance (MI) of the Chinese version of the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire-short (CERQ-short) in cancer patients.,"['D006801', 'D011594', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D009369', 'D008875', 'D003430', 'D011795', 'D002681', 'D015203', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D000080103', 'D003071', 'D005163']"
38945815,Individualized Numeric Rating Scale to Assess Pain in Critically Ill Children With Neurodevelopmental Disabilities.,Pain is a significant burden for children with neurodevelopmental disabilities but is difficult for clinicians to identify. No pain assessment tools for children with neurodevelopmental disabilities have been validated for use in pediatric intensive care units. The Individualized Numeric Rating Scale (INRS) is an adapted 0-to-10 rating that includes parents' input on their child's pain indicators.,"['D006801', 'D002648', 'D002675', 'D005260', 'D000293', 'D008297', 'D016638', 'D010147', 'D015203', 'D011446', 'D011594', 'D015278', 'D065886', 'D010290', 'D005240']"
38945805,Levodopa modulates semantic fluency and uniqueness in non-demented patients with progressive supranuclear palsy.,"Semantic fluency is the ability to name items from a given category within a limited time, which relies on semantic knowledge, working memory, and executive function. Similar to patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) scored lower than healthy adults in the well-established semantic fluency test. However, it is unclear how unique are the produced words. This study examined the relationship between semantic fluency and words' uniqueness in patients with PSP.","['D006801', 'D013494', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D012660', 'D007980', 'D010300', 'D008875', 'D009483', 'D000978']"
38945653,Neuropsychological Evaluation in Traumatic Brain Injury.,"Neuropsychological evaluations can be helpful in the aftermath of traumatic brain injury. Cognitive functioning is assessed using standardized assessment tools and by comparing an individual's scores on testing to normative data. These evaluations examine objective cognitive functioning as well as other factors that have been shown to influence performance on cognitive tests (eg, psychiatric conditions, sleep) in an attempt to answer a specific question from referring providers. Referral questions may focus on the extent of impairment, the trajectory of recovery, or ability to return to work, sport, or the other previous activity.","['D006801', 'D000070642', 'D009483', 'D003072']"
38943468,Virtual reality for pain management in hospitalized patients with cancer: A randomized controlled trial.,"Hospitalized patients with cancer often experience acute and/or chronic pain. Although virtual reality (VR) has been extensively studied across a wide range of clinical settings, no studies have yet evaluated potential impact on pain management in this patient population.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D059408', 'D008875', 'D009369', 'D000076142', 'D000368', 'D000072716', 'D011446', 'D000328', 'D006760', 'D010147', 'D063367']"
38943401,Noninvasive cerebellar stimulation and behavioral interventions: A crucial synergy for post-stroke motor rehabilitation.,"Improvement of functional movements after supratentorial stroke occurs through spontaneous biological recovery and training-induced reorganization of remnant neural networks. The cerebellum, through its connectivity with the cortex, brainstem and spinal cord, is actively engaged in both recovery and reorganization processes within the cognitive and sensorimotor systems. Noninvasive cerebellar stimulation (NiCBS) offers a safe, clinically feasible and potentially effective way to modulate the excitability of spared neural networks and promote movement recovery after supratentorial stroke. NiCBS modulates cerebellar connectivity to the cerebral cortex and brainstem, as well as influences the sensorimotor and frontoparietal networks.","['D006801', 'D000071939', 'D002531', 'D020127', 'D020521', 'D001521', 'D050781']"
38943191,Cognitive training and promoting a healthy lifestyle for individuals with isolated REM sleep behavior disorder: study protocol of the delayed-start randomized controlled trial CogTrAiL-RBD.,"Isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is an early α-synucleinopathy often accompanied by incipient cognitive impairment. As executive dysfunctions predict earlier phenotypic conversion from iRBD to Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia, cognitive training focusing on executive functions could have disease-modifying effects for individuals with iRBD.","['D006801', 'D016037', 'D020187', 'D000070497', 'D016032', 'D056344', 'D003071', 'D013997', 'D017286', 'D016896', 'D015928', 'D008297', 'D005858', 'D008875', 'D015444', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D005240', 'D000091942']"
38943160,The criteria used to rule out mild cognitive impairment impact dementia incidence rates in subjective cognitive decline.,"The research criteria for subjective cognitive decline (SCD) exclude mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but do not stipulate the use of specific MCI criteria. This study compared different approaches to defining (i.e., excluding) MCI during the ascertainment of SCD, focusing on the impact on dementia incidence rates in SCD.","['D006801', 'D060825', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D015994', 'D003704', 'D008875', 'D015331', 'D012189', 'D009483', 'D000369']"
38943131,"Assessment of physical literacy in 8- to 12-year-old Pakistani school children: reliability and cross-validation of the Canadian assessment of physical literacy-2 (CAPL-2) in South Punjab, Pakistan.","The increasing prevalence of physical inactivity, declining fitness, and rising childhood obesity highlight the importance of physical literacy (PL), as a foundational component for fostering lifelong health and active lifestyle. This recognition necessitates the development of effective tools for PL assessment that are applicable across diverse cultural landscapes.","['D006801', 'D010154', 'D002648', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D015203', 'D057220', 'D011594', 'D011795', 'D002170', 'D005163', 'D015444', 'D014177']"
38943114,"Translating, adapting, and validating the medical student version of the patient care ownership scale for use in Japan.","Patient care ownership (PCO) among medical students is a growing area in the field of medical education. While PCO has received increasing attention, there are no instruments to assess PCO in the context of Japanese undergraduate medical education. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the PCO Scale - Medical students (PCOS-S) in the Japanese context.","['D006801', 'D013337', 'D007564', 'D015203', 'D011594', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D011795', 'D014177', 'D004504', 'D010067', 'D005791', 'D014175', 'D005163']"
38943063,"Protocol for the MS-CEBA study: an observational, prospective cohort study identifying Cognitive, Energetic, Behavioural and Affective (CEBA) profiles in Multiple Sclerosis to guide neuropsychological treatment choice.","Neuropsychological symptoms in the Cognitive, Energetic, Behavioural, and Affective (CEBA) domains are common in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and can negatively affect societal participation. The current study aims to investigate whether there are combinations of symptoms in the different CEBA domains that consistently occur together, that is, if there are CEBA profiles that can be identified. If so, this study aims to develop a screening instrument identifying CEBA profiles in PwMS to select the most suitable neuropsychological rehabilitation treatment for a given CEBA profile and consequently improve the societal participation of PwMS.","['D006801', 'D009103', 'D011446', 'D009483', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D015331']"
38943057,Racism in obstetric care: a psychometric study of the Gendered Racial Microaggressions Scale among Global Majority birthing people in obstetric contexts.,"In the United States, maternal health inequities disproportionately affect Global Majority (e.g., Asian, Black, and Hispanic) populations. Despite a substantial body of research underscoring the influence of racism on these inequities, little research has examined how experiences of gendered racial microaggressions during pregnancy and birth impact racially and ethnically diverse Global Majority pregnant and birthing people in obstetric hospital settings. We evaluated the psychometric properties of an adapted version of Lewis & Neville's Gendered Racial Microaggressions Scale, using data collected from 417 Global Majority birthing people. Findings from our study indicate that our adapted GRMS is a valid tool for assessing the experiences of gendered racial microaggressions in hospital-based obstetric care settings among Global Majority pregnant and birthing people whose preferred languages are English or Spanish. Item Response Theory (IRT) analysis demonstrated high construct validity of the adapted GRMS scale (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.1089 (95% CI 0.0921, 0.1263), Comparative Fit Index = 0.977, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.075, log-likelihood c2 = -85.6, df = 8). IRT analyses demonstrated that the unidimensional model was preferred to the bi-dimensional model as it was more interpretable, had lower AIC and BIC, and all items had large discrimination parameters onto a single factor (all discrimination parameters > 3.0). Given that we found similar response profiles among Black and Hispanic respondents, our Differential Item Functioning analyses support validity among Black, Hispanic, and Spanish-speaking birthing people. Inter-item correlations demonstrated adequate scale reliability, α = 0.97, and empirical reliability = 0.67. Pearsons correlations was used to assess the criterion validity of our adapted scale. Our scale's total score was significantly and positively related to postpartum depression and anxiety. Researchers and practitioners should seek to address instances of gendered racial microaggressions in obstetric settings, as they are manifestations of systemic and interpersonal racism, and impact postpartum health.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011594', 'D063505', 'D011247', 'D000328', 'D014481', 'D015203', 'D011795', 'D006630', 'D008297', 'D055815', 'D054625', 'D000374', 'D001741', 'D036861']"
38942891,Follow-up of telemedicine mental health interventions amid COVID-19 pandemic.,"The initiation of the program Mental Health Support Program for Coronavirus Infection addressed the increased demand for mental health services in the province of Salamanca, resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. The psychiatry service provided care for COVID-19 patients, their families, and healthcare workers who treated them, as these groups were identified as being at risk. This study aims to describe the assistance provided, including personnel and resources utilized, types of interventions carried out, and to assess the demand for mental health care and predominant symptoms and emotions experienced by patients. Billboards and the complex's intranet publicized the program. Specific clinical approach using telemedicine were provide from March 2020 to December 2021 to COVID-19 patients, their relatives, and healthcare workers. 216 patients were included with a mean age of 53.2 years, with women comprising 77.3% of this group. All the groups received treatment in similar proportions. Over a period of 730 h, a total of 1376 interventions were performed, with an average duration of 31.8 min per intervention. The program could treat 79.6% of these patients without requiring referrals to other services. When the program concluded, only 21 participants (9.7%) were discharged to the local mental health network to continue their mental health treatment. The program effectively reduced the burden on regular mental health services due to its ability to treat most patients without requiring referrals. The program was able to attend to most mental health requests with minimal involvement of the regular mental health service.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D017216', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D008605', 'D000328', 'D008603', 'D058873', 'D005500', 'D000086402', 'D000368', 'D001523']"
38942811,"Reliable, rapid, and remote measurement of metacognitive bias.","Metacognitive biases have been repeatedly associated with transdiagnostic psychiatric dimensions of 'anxious-depression' and 'compulsivity and intrusive thought', cross-sectionally. To progress our understanding of the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms, new methods are required to measure metacognition remotely, within individuals over time. We developed a gamified smartphone task designed to measure visuo-perceptual metacognitive (confidence) bias and investigated its psychometric properties across two studies (N = 3410 unpaid citizen scientists, N = 52 paid participants). We assessed convergent validity, split-half and test-retest reliability, and identified the minimum number of trials required to capture its clinical correlates. Convergent validity of metacognitive bias was moderate (r(50) = 0.64, p < 0.001) and it demonstrated excellent split-half reliability (r(50) = 0.91, p < 0.001). Anxious-depression was associated with decreased confidence (β =  - 0.23, SE = 0.02, p < 0.001), while compulsivity and intrusive thought was associated with greater confidence (β = 0.07, SE = 0.02, p < 0.001). The associations between metacognitive biases and transdiagnostic psychiatry dimensions are evident in as few as 40 trials. Metacognitive biases in decision-making are stable within and across sessions, exhibiting very high test-retest reliability for the 100-trial (ICC = 0.86, N = 110) and 40-trial (ICC = 0.86, N = 120) versions of Meta Mind. Hybrid 'self-report cognition' tasks may be one way to bridge the recently discussed reliability gap in computational psychiatry.","['D006801', 'D000067489', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D011594', 'D015203', 'D008875', 'D055815', 'D003863', 'D015982', 'D001007', 'D000068997', 'D003430']"
38942761,A drift diffusion model analysis of age-related impact on multisensory decision-making processes.,"Older adults (OAs) are typically slower and/or less accurate in forming perceptual choices relative to younger adults. Despite perceptual deficits, OAs gain from integrating information across senses, yielding multisensory benefits. However, the cognitive processes underlying these seemingly discrepant ageing effects remain unclear. To address this knowledge gap, 212 participants (18-90 years old) performed an online object categorisation paradigm, whereby age-related differences in Reaction Times (RTs) and choice accuracy between audiovisual (AV), visual (V), and auditory (A) conditions could be assessed. Whereas OAs were slower and less accurate across sensory conditions, they exhibited greater RT decreases between AV and V conditions, showing a larger multisensory benefit towards decisional speed. Hierarchical Drift Diffusion Modelling (HDDM) was fitted to participants' behaviour to probe age-related impacts on the latent multisensory decision formation processes. For OAs, HDDM demonstrated slower evidence accumulation rates across sensory conditions coupled with increased response caution for AV trials of higher difficulty. Notably, for trials of lower difficulty we found multisensory benefits in evidence accumulation that increased with age, but not for trials of higher difficulty, in which increased response caution was instead evident. Together, our findings reconcile age-related impacts on multisensory decision-making, indicating greater multisensory evidence accumulation benefits with age underlying enhanced decisional speed.","['D006801', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000369', 'D003657', 'D000293', 'D011930', 'D055815', 'D001307', 'D000375', 'D014796', 'D010775', 'D000161']"
38942736,Confirmatory validation of the Mesothelioma Psychological Distress Tool-Patients: A brief patient-reported outcome measure assessing psychological distress in malignant mesothelioma patients.,"Psychological suffering in patients with Malignant Mesothelioma (MM) is different from the one experienced by patients with other cancers due to its occupational or environmental etiology and its peculiar symptomatology and prognosis (i.e., poor prognosis, reduced effectiveness of the therapies, poor quality of residual life, and advanced age at the time of diagnosis). Therefore, the Mesothelioma Psychological Distress Tool-Patients (MPDT-P) has been developed to evaluate the specific profile of psychological suffering in this population. This paper describes the item selection, factor analysis, and psychometric evaluation of the revised MPDT-P.","['D006801', 'D000086002', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D011594', 'D000079225', 'D000071066', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D005163', 'D001499', 'D008654', 'D008175', 'D011795', 'D013315', 'D000328', 'D015203', 'D011788']"
38941338,Electroconvulsive therapy for the acute management of severe agitation in dementia (ECT-AD): A modified study protocol.,"This study began as a single-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) to investigate the efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for severe treatment-refractory agitation in advanced dementia. The aims are to assess agitation reduction using the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI), evaluate tolerability and safety outcomes, and explore the long-term stability of agitation reduction and global functioning. Due to challenges encountered during implementation, including recruitment obstacles and operational difficulties, the study design was modified to an open-label format and other protocol amendments were implemented.","['D006801', 'D004565', 'D011595', 'D003704', 'D016037', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D016896', 'D000368', 'D000096762']"
38941247,A community of practice intervention to increase education-focused mental health promotion actions among interdisciplinary professionals: a qualitative study.,"Introduction Through a unique, inter-sectoral and interprofessional initiative, practitioners from education, health and social service sectors were invited to participate in communities of practice, facilitated online. The focus was on building workforce capacity to address the mental health needs of children and youth. Aim This paper explores interprofessional workforce development by translating knowledge from a mental health promotion initiative developed overseas into the Aotearoa New Zealand context. Methods Over a 6-month period, practitioners engaged in an iterative, capacity-building process, where they had access to the initiative materials and resources, shared practice stories, networked, and discussed barriers and facilitators for implementation. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to interpret data. Results Members of the communities of practice engaged in storytelling and made sense of the initiative in relation to their previous knowledge and experiences: practice and thinking were validated. Mental health promotion was positioned as the responsibility of all sectors and the need for effective interprofessional collaboration was deemed essential. Furthermore, translation of the initiative into the bicultural context of Aotearoa New Zealand demanded and deserved sustained attention. Discussion This study contributes interprofessional and inter-sectoral evidence for building workforce capacity to address the mental health needs of children and youth. Further research is warranted to investigate the outcomes for the children and youth served. Interprofessional communities of practice were shown to provide a sustainable mechanism by which knowledge can be received, transformed and translated into practice.","['D006801', 'D009520', 'D036301', 'D006293', 'D008603', 'D007400', 'D057191', 'D002648', 'D000293', 'D006282', 'D008605', 'D000097163']"
38941228,"[Spanish translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the ADTC scale (Atopic Dermatitis Control Tool)].",Obtain a version to validate it in a population of adults with AD.,"['D006801', 'D015203', 'D011795', 'D014177', 'D003876', 'D003431', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D011594', 'D008875', 'D007802', 'D011788', 'D003466']"
38940680,Digitally Enhanced Psychological Assessment and Treatment of Paranoia: A Systematic Review.,"Paranoia is relatively common but can lead to significant distress, impairment and need for care. Digital technologies offer a valuable extension to service provision and are increasingly being integrated into healthcare. This systematic review evaluated feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of digitally enhanced psychological assessments and treatments for paranoia across the paranoia continuum (PROSPERO: CRD42023393257).","['D006801', 'D010259', 'D015928']"
38940096,Utilizing Phase Locking Value to Determine Neurofeedback Treatment Responsiveness in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.,"Neurofeedback is a non-invasive brain training technique used to enhance and treat hyperactivity disorder by altering the patterns of brain activity. Nonetheless, the extent of enhancement by neurofeedback varies among individuals/patients and many of them are irresponsive to this treatment technique. Therefore, several studies have been conducted to predict the effectiveness of neurofeedback training including the theta/beta protocol with a specific emphasize on slow cortical potential (SCP) before initiating treatment, as well as examining SCP criteria according to age and sex criteria in diverse populations. While some of these studies failed to make accurate predictions, others have demonstrated low success rates. This study explores functional connections within various brain lobes across different frequency bands of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and the value of phase locking is used to predict the potential effectiveness of neurofeedback treatment before its initiation.","['D006801', 'D058765', 'D001289', 'D000293', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002648', 'D004569', 'D002540', 'D058256', 'D016896']"
38938218,Advancing research: a commentary on the untapped potential of acceptance and commitment therapy in alcohol use disorder treatment.,"Alcohol use disorder poses a significant global health threat, with profound consequences for individuals, families, and communities, necessitating continued exploration of novel treatment approaches. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, an evidence-based approach for various mental health disorders, offers promise in addressing alcohol use disorder as well, but controlled trials are lacking, highlighting a crucial gap in research.","['D006801', 'D064869', 'D000437']"
38937842,The cognitive effect of non-invasive brain stimulation combined with cognitive training in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) combined with cognitive training (CT) may have shown some prospects on improving cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, data from clinical trials or meta-analysis involving NIBS combined with CT have shown controversial results. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate short-term and long-term effects of NIBS combined with CT on improving global cognition and other specific cognitive domains in patients with AD and MCI.","['D006801', 'D060825', 'D000544', 'D050781', 'D065908', 'D015928', 'D003071', 'D003131', 'D000091942']"
38937825,"Measurement properties of the EQ-5D-Y-3L, PedsQL 4.0, and PROMIS-25 Profile v2.0 in pediatric patients with spinal muscular atrophy.","The objective of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-Y-3 L, Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement System 25-item version profile v2.0 (PROMIS-25), and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ version 4.0 Generic Core Scale (PedsQL 4.0) in Chinese pediatric patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D011594', 'D005260', 'D002648', 'D011788', 'D003430', 'D011795', 'D002675', 'D009134', 'D015203', 'D000071066', 'D002681']"
38937824,Virtual reality cue-exposure therapy in reducing cocaine craving: the Promoting Innovative COgnitive behavioral therapy for Cocaine use disorder (PICOC) study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.,"Cocaine craving is a central symptom of cocaine use disorders (CUD). Virtual reality cue-exposure therapy for craving (VRCET) allows more immersive, realistic, and controllable exposure than traditional non-VR cue-exposure therapy (CET), whose efficacy is limited in treating substance use disorders. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of VRCET, as a stand-alone and add-on intervention (i.e., combined with cognitive therapy), compared to a picture-based CET (PCET), in reducing self-reported cocaine craving in inpatients hospitalized for CUD.","['D006801', 'D019970', 'D066249', 'D003463', 'D015928', 'D063367', 'D016896', 'D016032', 'D013997', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D005260']"
38937776,Study on the efficiency of virtual reality in the treatment of alcohol use disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial : E-Reva.,"According to the World Health Organization, alcohol is a major global public health problem, leading to a significant increase in illness and death. To treat alcohol use disorders, new therapeutic tools are being promoted, among which virtual reality (VR) shows promise. Previous research has demonstrated the efficacy of VR in reducing alcohol cravings in patients, but there is a lack of data on its effectiveness in maintaining abstinence or reducing consumption in recently abstinent individuals. The E-Reva study aims to compare the efficacy of a treatment strategy combining virtual reality cue exposure therapy (VR-CET) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with conventional CBT in reducing alcohol consumption and craving in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). In addition to this primary objective, the study will compare the effects of VR-CET combined with CBT on anxiety, depression, rumination, and feelings of self-efficacy versus conventional CBT.","['D006801', 'D015928', 'D063367', 'D016032', 'D000437', 'D011446', 'D016896', 'D066249', 'D015337', 'D064829', 'D005602', 'D013997', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D003463', 'D000076142', 'D000428']"
38937748,Psychological interventions to pregnancy-related complications in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder: a scoping review.,"This scoping review sought to investigate the association between pregnancy-related complications and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among postpartum women, then summarize effective psychological interventions for pregnancy-related PTSD or sub-PTSD.","['D006801', 'D011247', 'D013313', 'D005260', 'D011248', 'D000083626', 'D011613']"
38937734,"""Put your personality into the call"": A qualitative interview study illuminating strategies for improving men's engagement on crisis helplines.","Crisis telephone helplines are an integral part of community suicide prevention. Despite high male suicide rates, men's experiences of these services are poorly understood. The current study explored men's perspectives of their interactions with helpline counsellors to understand how their engagement on helplines can be enhanced.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D015277', 'D036301', 'D000368', 'D000092864', 'D055815', 'D007407', 'D001315', 'D003419']"
38937731,Impulsivity and inhibitory control in deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia.,There is conflicting evidence on impulsivity and its potential relationship with inhibitory control in schizophrenia. This study therefore aimed to identify differences in impulsivity and cognitive and motor inhibition between patients with deficit (DS) and non-deficit (NDS) schizophrenia and healthy controls (HC). We also explored the relationships between impulsivity and different dimensions of inhibitory control in all studied groups.,"['D006801', 'D007175', 'D008297', 'D007266', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D012559', 'D012565', 'D009483', 'D008875', 'D016022']"
38937728,The effect of counseling based on health promotion awareness on self-care needs and reproductive and sexual health literacy of newly married women: a randomized controlled clinical trial study.,"Despite the importance of health literacy and the self-care skills in improving individual and social health and health costs reduction, scientific evidence indicates women's poor awareness of self-care needs and low health literacy concerning reproductive and sexual health in most societies. The present study was conducted to specify the effect of health awareness promotion on self-care needs and reproductive and sexual health literacy of newly married women.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D007492', 'D000074384', 'D060728', 'D057220', 'D006293', 'D055815', 'D012648', 'D003376', 'D008875', 'D000293', 'D007722', 'D011795', 'D008393']"
38937705,A qualitative meta-synthesis of service users' and carers' experiences of assessment and involuntary hospital admissions under mental health legislations: a five-year update.,"Compulsory admissions occur in psychiatric hospitals around the world. They result in coercive and sometimes traumatic experiences for service users and carers. Legal and service reforms in various countries are intended to reduce rates of detention and improve service user experience. We aimed to inform policy and service delivery by providing an up-to-date synthesis of qualitative evidence on service users' and carers' experiences of assessment and detention under mental health legislation, updating previous reviews in which we searched for literature published up to 2018.","['D006801', 'D017028', 'D003134', 'D036301', 'D006778', 'D001523', 'D008605']"
38937684,Using polygenic scores in combination with symptom rating scales to identify attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.,"The inclusion of biomarkers could improve diagnostic accuracy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). One potential biomarker is the ADHD polygenic score (PGS), a measure of genetic liability for ADHD. This study aimed to investigate if the ADHD PGS can provide additional information alongside ADHD rating scales and examination of family history of ADHD to distinguish between ADHD cases and controls.","['D006801', 'D001289', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D020412', 'D000328', 'D011569', 'D016022', 'D020022', 'D057566', 'D008875']"
38937566,"Effect of concurrent action observation, peripheral nerve stimulation and motor imagery on dexterity in patients after stroke: a pilot study.","Research to improve and expand treatment options for motor impairment after stroke remains an important issue in rehabilitation as the reduced ability to move affected limbs is still a limiting factor in the selection of training content for stroke patients. The combination of action observation and peripheral nerve stimulation is a promising method for inducing increased excitability and plasticity in the primary motor cortex of healthy subjects. In addition, as reported in the literature, the use of action observation and motor imagery in conjunction has an advantage over the use of one or the other alone in terms of the activation of motor-related brain regions. The aim of the pilot study was thus to combine these findings into a multimodal approach and to evaluate the potential impact of the concurrent application of the three methods on dexterity in stroke patients. The paradigm developed accordingly was tested with 10 subacute patients, in whom hand dexterity, thumb-index pinch force and thumb tapping speed were measured for a baseline assessment and directly before and after the single intervention. During the 10-min session, patients were instructed to watch a repetitive thumb-index finger tapping movement displayed on a monitor and to imagine the sensations that would arise from physically performing the same motion. They were also repeatedly electrically stimulated at the wrist on the motorically more affected body side and asked to place their hand behind the monitor for the duration of the session to support integration of the displayed hand into their own body schema. The data provide a first indication of a possible immediate effect of a single application of this procedure on the dexterity in patients after stroke.","['D006801', 'D010865', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D020521', 'D000071939', 'D009044', 'D010525', 'D019018', 'D000328', 'D009048', 'D004558']"
38937058,What CBT Modules Work Best for Whom? Identifying Subgroups of Depressed Youths by Their Differential Response to Specific Modules.,"Prior research suggests that the effects of specific cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) modules on symptom outcomes can be estimated. We conducted a study utilizing idiographic and nomothetic methods to clarify which CBT modules are most effective for youth depression, and for whom they are most effective. Thirty-five youths received modular CBT for depression. Interrupted time series models estimated whether the introduction of each module was associated with changes in internalizing symptoms, whereby significant symptom reduction would suggest a therapeutic response to the module. Regression models were used to explore whether participant characteristics predicted subgroups of youths based on their estimated response to certain types (e.g., cognitive) of modules, and whether group membership was associated with posttreatment outcomes. Thirty youths (86%) had at least one module associated with a significant change in internalizing symptoms from premodule delivery to postmodule delivery. The specific modules associated with these changes varied across youths. Behavioral activation was most frequently associated with symptom decreases (34% of youths). No participant characteristics predicted estimated response to module type, and group membership was not significantly associated with posttreatment outcomes. Youths display highly heterogeneous responses to treatment modules, indicating multiple pathways to symptom improvement for depressed youths.","['D006801', 'D015928', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000293', 'D016896', 'D002648', 'D003863', 'D003866']"
38937057,The Nature of Mental Imagery and Its Relationship With Amotivational Psychopathology in People With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders.,"Many people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) experience profound amotivation, which is strongly related to anticipatory anhedonia. Yet, the neuropsychological fundamentals of anticipatory anhedonia and amotivation are barely understood, resulting in a lack of effective treatments for these patients. Aberrancies in positive mental imagery may interfere with the anticipation of pleasure and could thus explain anticipatory anhedonia and amotivation. However, the nature of mental imagery and its relationship with amotivational psychopathology in SSD is largely unknown. In this preregistered study, we therefore examined mental imagery characteristics and their relation to anticipatory anhedonia, amotivation, and daily life activity in SSD. TheN = 86 participants included individuals with SSD (n = 43) and demographically matched healthy controls (n = 43). Mental imagery, anticipatory pleasure, amotivation, and activity engagement were assessed with structured interviews and self-report questionnaires. Ecological momentary assessment was used to measure state anticipatory pleasure and activity engagement in daily life (n = 81). Compared to the control group, the SSD group showed comparable quantity, but less vividness of mental imagery. Reduced vividness of mental imagery in SSD was significantly associated with higher anticipatory anhedonia, amotivation, and low activity engagement in cross-sectional and prospective analyses. Reduced mental imagery vividness may cause a lack of internal incentive to seek pleasurable experiences and could explain amotivation. Interventions aiming to improve mental imagery vividness and related anticipatory pleasure responses in SSD may be effective in targeting amotivation.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D059445', 'D007092', 'D009042', 'D012559', 'D008875', 'D012565', 'D057181', 'D000072860', 'D016022', 'D055815', 'D059031']"
38937056,Clinical Experiences Using Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Eating Disorders.,"Data suggests that despite the availability of evidence-based psychological treatments for eating disorders (EDs), techniques from these therapies may be less frequently used within real-life clinical practice. The aim of this study was to provide the opportunity for clinicians to give feedback on their experiences treating EDs using cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) through reporting on use of CBT techniques and barriers to treatment implementation in naturalistic settings. Clinicians (N = 126) who self-identified as using CBT for EDs reported demographic information, frequency/usefulness of empirically supported treatment techniques, problems/limitations of CBT, and barriers faced while implementing CBT. The most frequently used technique reported by clinicians was psychoeducation, and the least frequently used technique was use of surveys to address mind reading. Patients' unwillingness to follow a meal plan/nutritional guide was rated as the most impactful barrier, alongside ED severity. Of the problems/limitations of CBT, too little guidance on treating co-occurring symptoms was rated as the most impactful. This study provided a mechanism for clinicians to share their experiences using CBT for EDs in real-world settings. Overall, results regarding frequency of use and usefulness of techniques indicate a high level of endorsement. Moreover, the most frequently endorsed barriers to/limitations of CBT related to lack of guidance on treating complex ED presentations. Future research should explore ways to treat cases that go beyond the prototypical ED case and explore ways to adapt CBT to meet the needs of naturalistic treatment settings.","['D006801', 'D015928', 'D001068', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D055815']"
38937055,A Systematic Quality Review of Single-Case Experimental Designs Using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Adult Clinical Populations.,"Recent publications within Contextual Behavioral Science provided a rationale for the expansion of intervention efficacy research using methods that capture idiographic factors and processes. We conducted a systematic review of the use and quality of single-case experimental designs (SCED) within the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) literature in adult clinical populations. The systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and the databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PsycArticles and OpenGrey were searched for peer-reviewed articles. Further studies were sought through review of reference lists of all full text studies. Studies were assessed against What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) single-case design standards. Twenty-six studies met eligibility criteria and were conducted within research teams all implementing multiple-baseline designs. Twenty-four studies did not meet WWC standards with most failing to ensure a degree of concurrence across participants. The extent of randomisation methods was also captured. The review highlights the sparsity of SCEDs within ACT literature in clinical populations and current methodological practices. Limitations of the review and implications for future research are discussed.","['D000328', 'D006801', 'D064869', 'D012107', 'D000080907']"
38937052,Using a Randomized Clinical Trial to Test the Efficacy of a Culturally Responsive Mobile Health Application in African Americans.,"Mindfulness is a promising health promotion strategy for African Americans, and it is imperative that culturally responsive mindfulness approaches be accessible to this population. One way to address this need is to develop and test if culturally responsive mobile health (mhealth) applications are efficacious in reducing stress-related outcomes in this population. With this goal in mind, we employed a repeated-measures randomized control trial (RCT) across a 12-week intervention period to evaluate if participants in the intervention group outperformed a wait-list control group in reductions in stress, depressive symptoms, anxiety, emotional regulation difficulties as well as in increases in self-compassion, resilience, and mindfulness attitudes and behaviors. Our sample included 170 Black/African American participants who were randomly assigned to either the intervention condition (n = 84) or the wait-list control group (n = 86). Participants in the intervention condition reported more self-compassion, used more mindfulness, and had greater self-efficacy using mindfulness; yet, no other differences were evident. Participants expressed high levels of satisfaction with the app and gave it a positive rating for its relevance to their lives. These findings support the efficacy of a culturally responsive mindfulness mHealth app to enhance self-compassion and increase the use of health-promoting behaviors, like mindfulness, among African Americans. Implications for future research are discussed.","['D006801', 'D001741', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D064866', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D017216', 'D013315', 'D063731', 'D003863', 'D001007', 'D020377', 'D004645', 'D000080103']"
38937050,Rethinking Unacceptable Thoughts: Validation of an Expanded Version of the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale.,"The Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS) is widely used to measure obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) severity across four broad symptom dimensions (i.e., contamination, responsibility for harm, unacceptable thoughts, symmetry). Despite its proven utility, there is reason to suspect that the unacceptable thoughts subscale conflates different types of unacceptable thoughts that are meaningfully distinct from one another. In the current study, we first evaluated the psychometric properties of a newly developed DOCS violent and/or aggressive thoughts subscale. We then examined the factor structure, psychometric properties, and diagnostic sensitivity of a seven-factor version of the DOCS that includes the four original DOCS subscales and three more-specific versions of the unacceptable thoughts scale (i.e., sexually intrusive thoughts, violent and/or aggressive thoughts, and scrupulous or religious thoughts). The sample included 329 residential and intensive outpatients, the majority of which had a diagnosis of OCD (75.2%). The new unacceptable thoughts subscales demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity with unique associations between the subscales and depression, suicide, and perceived threat from emotions that were not present in the broader unacceptable thoughts subscale. The seven-factor version of the DOCS demonstrated slightly lower levels of diagnostic sensitivity than the original DOCS. Thus, the four-factor version of the DOCS is recommended for screening purposes. A score of 40 or higher on the seven-factor version of the DOCS best predicted a diagnosis of OCD. Overall, the three additional unacceptable thoughts subscales appear to be distinct factors that have potential value in research and clinical settings.","['D006801', 'D009771', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D011594', 'D008875', 'D011569', 'D013850', 'D015203', 'D055815', 'D012720']"
38937049,"For Whom and for How Long Does the ""Be a Mom"" Intervention Work? A Secondary Analysis of Data From a Randomized Controlled Trial Exploring the Mid-Term Efficacy and Moderators of Treatment Response.","This study explored clinical and sociodemographic moderators of treatment response to ""Be a Mom"", an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) intervention, from baseline to postintervention, in women at high risk for postpartum depression (PPD). The study also assessed the stability of women's treatment gains from baseline to 4-months postintervention (follow-up). This open-label randomized controlled trial (RCT) involved a sample of 1,053 postpartum Portuguese women identified as being at high risk for PPD (i.e., having a score of 5.5 or higher on the Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised); participants were allocated to ""Be a Mom"" intervention group or a waiting-list control group, and completed self-report measures at baseline, postintervention, and a 4-month follow-up (554 women completed follow-up assessments). Depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and flourishing/positive mental health was assessed with the Mental Health Continuum. Regression models and linear mixed models were used to examine moderators of treatment and the mid-term efficacy of the ""Be a Mom"" intervention, respectively. The results revealed that treatment completion, higher depression scores at baseline, and higher income levels were linked to greater symptom reduction and positive mental health enhancement. Moreover, the efficacy of the ""Be a Mom"" intervention was supported at the 4-month follow-up. The ""Be a Mom"" intervention appears to be an effective iCBT tool for reducing psychological distress and enhancing positive mental health in women at risk for PPD, with therapeutic improvements maintained over a 4-month period.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D015928', 'D019052', 'D016896', 'D001007', 'D009035', 'D000079382', 'D011174']"
38937048,"Pilot Effectiveness and Acceptability of Partial Hospitalization Treatment Incorporating Transdiagnostic, Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention.","Acute mental health treatment (e.g., partial hospitalization or PHP) is a critical component of the mental health services landscape for youth whose symptoms are too acute for a typical outpatient setting, but for whom inpatient psychiatric hospitalization is not recommended or desired. Very few interventions have been developed, adapted for, or evaluated in these fundamentally different delivery contexts. Transdiagnostic treatments may be ideal for addressing the comorbidity, complexity, and heterogeneity typical of acute mental health settings. Our aim was to examine initial acceptability and effectiveness of an adaptation of the Unified Protocols for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children and Adolescents (UP-C/A; Ehrenreich-May, Kennedy, et al., 2017), delivered as part of comprehensive therapeutic programming in a general psychiatric PHP. We recruited 152 youths (M age = 13.1 years, 62.5% female) and caregivers, who participated in an average of 11 days of intensive UP-C/A intervention. Participants rated symptoms and functioning at baseline, weekly, posttreatment, and 1-month follow-up. Latent growth curve modeling was used to examine patterns of change and evaluate the impact of potential demographic and treatment-related covariates. For all outcomes, a quadratic model best fit the data, with symptoms and emotional reactivity decreasing significantly during treatment and then leveling off during follow-up. There was a medium-sized change in functional impairment from baseline to the 1-month follow-up, and ≥90% of participants reported treatment as acceptable and helpful. Results provide initial support for use of a transdiagnostic, cognitive-behavioral intervention in acute mental health settings and suggest important future directions, including controlled trials and investigation of implementation supports.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D015928', 'D000293', 'D002648', 'D010865', 'D010342', 'D016896', 'D006760', 'D001523']"
38937047,Explaining How Psychotherapy Affects the Brain Can Increase the Perceived Effectiveness of Psychotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.,"Past studies repeatedly found that biological explanations of mental disorders cause laypeople and clinicians to doubt the effectiveness of psychotherapy. This could be clinically detrimental, as combined pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy is often optimal. The distrust of psychotherapy is theorized to stem from dualistic reasoning that psychotherapy, perceived as occurring in the mind, does not necessarily affect the brain. The current study aims to mitigate this belief in a randomized controlled trial. Participants (individuals with symptoms of depression (n = 262), the general public (n = 374), and mental health clinicians (n = 607)) rated the efficacy of psychotherapy for a depression case before and after learning that the case was biologically caused. Participants also received either an intervention passage describing how psychotherapy results in brain-level changes, an active control passage emphasizing the effectiveness of psychotherapy without explaining the underlying biological mechanisms, or no intervention. Unlike the active control and no-intervention control conditions, the intervention caused participants to judge psychotherapy as significantly more effective than at baseline even though they learned that depression was biologically caused. An intervention counteracting dualism can mitigate the belief that psychotherapy is less effective for biologically caused depression. Future research should examine the durability of this intervention in clinical settings.","['D006801', 'D011613', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D001921', 'D008875', 'D003863', 'D055815', 'D016896']"
38937042,Reckoning With Our Past and Righting Our Future: Report From the Behavior Therapy Task Force on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity/Expression Change Efforts (SOGIECEs).,"Sexual orientation and gender identity/expression change efforts (SOGIECEs) are discredited practices that are associated with serious negative effects and incompatible with modern standards for clinical practice. Despite evidence linking SOGIECEs with serious iatrogenic effects, and despite support for LGBTQ+-affirmative care alternatives, SOGIECE practices persist. In the 1970s and 1980s, Behavior Therapy published articles testing and/or endorsing SOGIECEs, thereby contributing to their overall development, acceptance, and use. The Behavior Therapy Task Force on SOGIECEs was assembled to conduct a rigorous review of the SOGIECE articles published in Behavior Therapy and to decide whether, and what, formal action(s) should be taken on these articles. This report provides a detailed review of the historic SOGIECE literature published in Behavior Therapy and outlines the Task Force's deliberative and democratic processes resulting in actions to: (1) add prominent advisory information to k = 24 SOGIECE papers in the form of digital ""black box"" disclaimers that caution readers that the SOGIECE practices tested or described in these papers are inconsistent with modern standards, (2) offset organizational financial benefits from the publication of these papers, and (3) promote LGBTQ+-affirmative practices. SOGIECEs are not the only concerning practices across the field's history, and the pages of today's scientific journals include practices that will be at odds with tomorrow's moral standards and ethical guidelines. This report calls for precautionary measures and editorial safeguards to minimize the future likelihood and impact of problematic published scholarship, including the need to fully include those with relevant lived experiences in all aspects of clinical science and peer review.","['D006801', 'D012725', 'D000072339', 'D005783', 'D001521', 'D026683', 'D005260']"
38935946,Long-Term Efficacy of a Mobile Mental Wellness Program: Prospective Single-Arm Study.,"Rising rates of psychological distress (symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress) among adults in the United States necessitate effective mental wellness interventions. Despite the prevalence of smartphone app-based programs, research on their efficacy is limited, with only 14% showing clinically validated evidence. Our study evaluates Noom Mood, a commercially available smartphone-based app that uses cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based programming. In this study, we address gaps in the existing literature by examining postintervention outcomes and the broader impact on mental wellness.","['D006801', 'D011446', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D011795', 'D063731', 'D006293', 'D015928', 'D015397', 'D014481', 'D064866', 'D011788']"
38935945,Effects of Sound Interventions on the Mental Stress Response in Adults: Protocol for a Scoping Review.,"Sound therapy methods have seen a surge in popularity, with a predominant focus on music among all types of sound stimulation. There is substantial evidence documenting the integrative impact of music therapy on psycho-emotional and physiological outcomes, rendering it beneficial for addressing stress-related conditions such as pain syndromes, depression, and anxiety. Despite these advancements, the therapeutic aspects of sound, as well as the mechanisms underlying its efficacy, remain incompletely understood. Existing research on music as a holistic cultural phenomenon often overlooks crucial aspects of sound therapy mechanisms, particularly those related to speech acoustics or the so-called ""music of speech.""","['D006801', 'D013315', 'D009147', 'D000328']"
38935668,"Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of Patient Satisfaction with Pharmacist Services Questionnaire (PSPSQ) 2.0 into the Arabic language among people with diabetes.",Understanding patient satisfaction is key to advancing pharmacy services and improving health outcomes. There is a lack of a translated and psychometrically validated tool in the Arabic language to measure patient satisfaction with pharmacy services.,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D017060', 'D008875', 'D011795', 'D003920', 'D012529', 'D007802', 'D000328', 'D003430', 'D014177', 'D015203', 'D011594', 'D010595', 'D014175', 'D003157']"
38935649,The Portuguese version of the self-report form of the DSM-5 Level of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS-SR) in a community and clinical sample.,"The Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Self-Report (LPFS-SR) operationalizes Criterion A of the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders. The current study aimed 1) to examine the internal consistency of the Portuguese version of the LPFS-SR in a community sample and a clinical sample, 2) to compare non-clinical participants (N = 282, Mage = 48.01, SD = 10.87) with two samples of clinical participants, one composed of patients with a personality disorder diagnosis (PD sample, n = 40, Mage = 46.18, SD = 13.59) and the other of patients with other psychiatric diagnoses (OD sample, n = 148, Mage = 49.49, SD = 11.88), with respect to LPFS-SR dimensions and total score, 3) to examine the capacity of the LPFS-SR to discriminate between samples through the ROC curve analyses, and 4) to examine the factor structure of the Portuguese version of the LPFS-SR. The Portuguese version of the LPFS-SR revealed adequate internal consistency results, akin to the original data, in the community and clinical samples. The community sample differed significantly from both clinical samples in all the LPFS-SR dimensions and total score. The ROC curve analysis indicated an optimal cut-off for the total score of 272.00, corresponding to a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 89%, in the PD vs. community samples. The LPFS-SR total score discriminative capacity between the PD and OD samples was lower, albeit also significant (area-under-the-curve of .63; p = .027; 95% CI: .52-.74). The current study provided evidence of the LPFS-SR's unidimensionality in both community and clinical samples. Although this study has limitations, its findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the LPFS-SR construct, as well as to its cross-cultural validation.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D057566', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D039721', 'D010554', 'D011174', 'D010551', 'D011594', 'D012372', 'D015203']"
38935531,Small World derived index to distinguish Alzheimer's type dementia and healthy subjects.,"This article introduces a novel index aimed at uncovering specific brain connectivity patterns associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), defined according to neuropsychological patterns.","['D006801', 'D000544', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D004569', 'D000368', 'D016022', 'D009483', 'D001921', 'D000369', 'D008875', 'D058256']"
38956156,System-agnostic prediction of pharmaceutical excipient miscibility via computing-as-a-service and experimental validation.,"We applied computing-as-a-service to the unattended system-agnostic miscibility prediction of the pharmaceutical surfactants, Vitamin E TPGS and Tween 80, with Copovidone VA64 polymer at temperature relevant for the pharmaceutical hot melt extrusion process. The computations were performed in lieu of running exhaustive hot melt extrusion experiments to identify surfactant-polymer miscibility limits. The computing scheme involved a massively parallelized architecture for molecular dynamics and free energy perturbation from which binodal, spinodal, and mechanical mixture critical points were detected on molar Gibbs free energy profiles at 180 °C. We established tight agreement between the computed stability (miscibility) limits of 9.0 and 10.0 wt% vs. the experimental 7 and 9 wt% for the Vitamin E TPGS and Tween 80 systems, respectively, and identified different destabilizing mechanisms applicable to each system. This paradigm supports that computational stability prediction may serve as a physically meaningful, resource-efficient, and operationally sensible digital twin to experimental screening tests of pharmaceutical systems. This approach is also relevant to amorphous solid dispersion drug delivery systems, as it can identify critical stability points of active pharmaceutical ingredient/excipient mixtures.","['D005079', 'D011136', 'D014810', 'D013501', 'D011759', 'D056004', 'D013816', 'D000080048', 'D014753']"
38955936,Nanosimilars: A Scientific or A Regulatory Debate?,"The paper highlights the necessity for a robust regulatory framework for assessing nanomedicines and their off-patent counterparts, termed as nanosimilar, which could be considered as 'similar' to the prototype nanomedicine,based on essential criteria describing the 'similarity'. The term 'similarity' should be focused on criteria that describe nanocarriers, encompassing their physicochemical, thermodynamic, morphological, and biological properties, including surface interactions and pharmacokinetics. Nanocarriers can be regarded as advanced self-assembled excipients (ASAEs) due to their complexity and chaotic behavior and should be evaluated by using essential criteria in order for off-patent nanomedicines be termed as nanosimilars, from a regulatory perspective. Collaboration between the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory bodies, and artificial intelligence (AI) startups is pivotal for the precise characterization and approval processes for nanomedicines and nanosimilars and embracing innovative tools and terminology facilitates the development of a sustainable regulatory framework, ensuring safety and efficacy. This crucial shift toward precision R&D practices addresses the complexity inherent in nanocarriers, paving the way for therapeutic advancements with economic benefits.","['D050997', 'D006801', 'D059451', 'D001185', 'D053758', 'D004345', 'D017277', 'D004337']"
38954737,Coping with drug shortages: A study of government-enterprise option cooperation stockpiling strategies for drugs in shortage considering API surrogate stockpiling subsidies.,"Drug shortage is a global problem, and the development of government-enterprise cooperative stockpiles of drugs in shortage, combining physical and production capacity, has become one of the most important means of coping with drug shortages. However, existing studies have tended to overlook the fact that shortages of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) have become an important constraint on production capacity stockpiling and that the lack of incentives and provisions for coordination of benefits have led to a double marginal effect of joint stockpiling by government and enterprises of drugs in shortage. Accordingly, this study introduced the option contract to the drug supply system composed of government and pharmaceutical enterprises and used the subsidy of API storage in lieu as an important initiative to incentivize the reserve of APIs, to construct a model of shortage drug reserve under the government's leadership. This study aims to improve the effect of government-enterprise joint stockpiling of drugs in shortage, which is of great theoretical and practical significance. According to the classification of production license types of pharmaceutical enterprises, this study established a three-level supply chain decentralized decision-making model consisting of the government, formulation enterprises, and API enterprises, and a two-level supply chain centralized decision-making model consisting of the government and API Formulation (API-F) integrated enterprises, respectively. By solving the inverse order derivation, the government-enterprise option cooperation conditions and optimal decision-making strategy were derived. The study results showed that: (i) The addition of enterprise API stockpiling mode can help the government conventional reserves, and enterprise production capacity reserves, broaden the way of drug reserves, and improve the effect of government-enterprise option cooperation; (ii) when the probability of drug shortages is high, the government should prefer the cooperation of API-F integrated enterprises, which is conducive to reducing intermediate links and government costs and improving the supply responsiveness to shortages of medicines; (iii) Setting appropriate government subsidies for API storage can incentivize enterprises to stockpile APIs and improve drug production capacity and physical supply response capability. This study took the problem of socialized stockpiling of drugs in shortage as an entry point and explored the problems and solution strategies in the government-enterprise cooperative stockpiling of drugs in shortage, which not only made some theoretical contributions to the application of options contract in the government-enterprise cooperative stockpiling of drugs in shortage but also provided new ideas and theoretical basis for the improvement of the stockpiling work of drugs in shortage.","['D004364', 'D004345', 'D006801', 'D006076', 'D062205']"
38954218,A Quality by Design Approach for Optimizing Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Bedaquiline for Improved Product Performance.,"Bedaquiline (BQ) solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), which have previously been formulated for parenteral administration, have a risk of patient non-compliance in treating tuberculosis. This research presents a strategy to develop BQ SLNs for oral delivery to improve patient adherence, The upper and lower levels for the formulation excipients were generated from screening experiments. Using 4 input factors (BQ, lecithin, Tween 80, and PEG), a full factorial design from 3 × 2x2 × 2 experiments was randomly arranged to investigate 3 response variables: Particle size distribution (PSD), polydispersity index (PdI), and zeta potential (ZP). High shear homogenization was used to mix the solvent and aqueous phases, with 15% sucrose as a cryoprotectant. The response variables were assessed using a zeta sizer while TEM micrographs confirmed the PSD data. Solid-state assessments were conducted using powdered X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. A comparative invitro assessment was used to determine drug release from an equivalent dose of BQ free base powder and BQ-SLN, both packed in hard gelatin capsules. The sonicated formulations obtained significant effects for PSD, PdI, and ZP. The p-values (0.0001 for PdI, 0.0091 for PSD) for BQ as an independent variable in the sonicated formulation were notably higher than those in the unsonicated formulation (0.1336 for PdI, 0.0117 for PSD). The SEM images were between 100 - 400 nm and delineated nanocrystals of BQ embedded in the lipid matrix. The SLN formulation provides higher drug levels over the drug's free base; a similarity factor (f2 = 18.3) was estimated from the dissolution profiles.","['D064687', 'D053758', 'D010316', 'D008055', 'D002626', 'D005079', 'D065546', 'D000995', 'D004339', 'D014961', 'D008855', 'D004337', 'D000284', 'D008081']"
38953820,Does Price Really Matter for Generic Alternatives? Supervised learning Approaches in Deciding the Right Price for Acceptable Quality Attributes of Amlodipine Besylate among Generic Alternatives.,"The price and safety of finished pharmaceutical preparations are two major concerns while prescribing medicine. In this work, machine learning-based classification models were developed with respect to the quality attributes of 258 samples covering 9 marketed amlodipine (AMLO) formulations. The quantitation of AMLO and its three sulfonate ester genotoxic impurities of besylate counter ion was settled using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detection method. The classification of correlation between dependent and independent variables was exercised using linear discriminant analysis models. The linear dispersion of acceptable quality attributes was significantly different for AMLO besylate formulation with unit price per tablet ""<1 Rs."" Although the correlations between price and quality are well-understood associations group centroid distance for price group ""2-3 Rs."" and ""1-2 Rs."" reveal that acceptable quality dispersion was similar for both groups. Nonetheless, a higher price could allow storage of the finished formulation to be kept on the shelf for a longer period.","['D017311', 'D016568', 'D006801', 'D000069553', 'D002851']"
38953250,Induction of protective immune responses at respiratory mucosal sites.,"Many pathogens enter the host through mucosal sites. Thus, interfering with pathogen entry through local neutralization at mucosal sites therefore is an effective strategy for preventing disease. Mucosally administered vaccines have the potential to induce protective immune responses at mucosal sites. This manuscript delves into some of the latest developments in mucosal vaccination, particularly focusing on advancements in adjuvant technologies and the role of these adjuvants in enhancing vaccine efficacy against respiratory pathogens. It highlights the anatomical and immunological complexities of the respiratory mucosal immune system, emphasizing the significance of mucosal secretory IgA and tissue-resident memory T cells in local immune responses. We further discuss the differences between immune responses induced through traditional parenteral vaccination approaches vs. mucosal administration strategies, and explore the protective advantages offered by immunization through mucosal routes.","['D006801', 'D018928', 'D020545', 'D000818', 'D014612', 'D058956', 'D000089582', 'D014611', 'D000276', 'D012141', 'D000091246', 'D007071']"
38952978,Bioaccessibility of condensed tannins and their effect on the physico-chemical characteristics of lamb meat.,"The bioaccessibility of tannins as antioxidants in meat is essential to maximise their effectiveness in protecting the product. This property determines the amount of tannins available to interact with meat components, inhibiting lipid and protein oxidation and, consequently, prolonging shelf life and preserving the sensory quality of the product. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bioaccessibility of condensed tannins (CT) from Acacia mearnsii extract (AME) and their effect on the physico-chemical characteristics of fattened lamb meat. Thirty-six Dorset × Hampshire lambs (3 months old and 20.8 ± 3.3 kg live weight) were used. The lambs were distributed equally (n = 9) into four treatments: T1, T2, T3 and T4, which included a basal diet plus 0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75% of CT from AME, respectively. At the end of the fattening period, bioaccessibility was evaluated, the animals were slaughtered and a sample of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle was collected to assess colour, lipid oxidation, cooking weight loss and shear force on days 1, 4, 7 and 14 of shelf-life, in samples preserved at -20 °C. In addition, the long chain fatty acid profile was analysed. A completely randomised design was used, and the means were compared with Tukey's test (P < 0.05). The mean lightness (L*), yellowness (b*) and hue (H*) values were higher for T3 and T4. The addition of CT did not affect (P > 0.05) redness (a*), cooking weight loss (CWL) or shear force (SF). T4 decreased (P < 0.05) stearic acid and increased cis-9 trans-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Bioaccessibility was higher in the supplemented groups (T1 < T2, T3 and T4). In conclusion, supplementing CT from AME in the diet of lambs did not reduce lipid oxidation, but T3 or T4 improved some aspects of meat colour and CLA deposition.","['D000818', 'D012756', 'D044945', 'D000975', 'D001682', 'D000069466', 'D008460', 'D003296', 'D010936', 'D018482']"
38952088,[Terminalia chebula water extract reduces joint inflammation by regulating cellular immunity in spleen cells of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats through up-regulation of PD-1/PD-L1].,"Objective To investigate the effect of Terminalia chebula water extract (TCWE) on the cellular immunity and PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Methods SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, a CIA group, a TCWE group and a methotrexate (MTX) group, with 15 rats in each group. Except for the control group, SD rats in other groups were subcutaneously injected with type II collagen to establish the model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). The rats in the TCWE group were treated with 20 mg/(kg.d) TCWE and the rats in the MTX group were treated with 1.67 mg/(kg.d) MTX. After 14 days of treatment, the cartilage morphology was examined using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and splenic T lymphocyte apoptosis and Treg/Th17 cell ratio were detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA expressions of retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt), forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), PD-1 and PD-L1 in spleen were detected by reverse transcription PCR. The expression and localization of RORγt and FOXP3 were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The protein expressions of PD-1 and PD-L1 in splenic lymphocytes were detected by Western blot, and the levels of serum interleukin 17 (IL-17) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in rats were detected by ELISA. Results Compared with CIA group, the pathological changes of cartilage and synovium were significantly alleviated in the TCWE group and the MTX group. Both the apoptosis rate of T lymphocytes in spleen and the ratio of Treg/Th17 cells increased. The expression of RORγt decreased, while the expressions of FOXP3, PD-1 and PD-L1 increased in spleen lymphocytes. The level of serum IL-17 decreased, while the level of serum TGF-β increased. Conclusion TCWE treatment may activate PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in spleen cells to regulate cellular immunity, thus reducing cartilage injury in CIA rats.","['D000818', 'D001169', 'D013154', 'D060890', 'D061026', 'D017207', 'D051381', 'D029766', 'D008297', 'D007111', 'D015854', 'D010936', 'D057132', 'D007249', 'D050378', 'D058504']"
38952058,Genistein transfersome-embedded topical delivery system for skin melanoma treatment: in vitro and ex vivo evaluations.,"Skin melanoma is considered the most dangerous form of skin cancer due to its association with high risk of metastasis, high mortality rate and high resistance to different treatment options. Genistein is a natural isoflavonoid with known chemotherapeutic activity. Unfortunately, it has low bioavailability due to its poor aqueous solubility and excessive metabolism. In the current study, genistein was incorporated into transferosomal hydrogel to improve its bioavailability. The prepared transferosomal formulations were characterized regarding: particle size; polydispersity index; zeta potential; encapsulation efficiency; TEM; FTIR; DSC; XRD; in vitro drug release; viscosity; pH; ex vivo anti-tumor activity on 3D skin melanoma spheroids and 1-year stability study at different storage temperatures. The optimized formulation has high encapsulation efficiency with an excellent particle size that will facilitate its penetration through the skin. The transfersomes have a spherical shape with sustained drug release profile. The anti-tumor activity evaluation of genistein transfersome revealed that genistein is a potent chemotherapeutic agent with enhanced penetration ability through the melanoma spheroids when incorporated into transfersomes. Stability study results demonstrate the high physical and chemical stability of our formulations. All these outcomes provide evidence that our genistein transferosomal hydrogel is a promising treatment option for skin melanoma.","['D019833', 'D008545', 'D012878', 'D006801', 'D010316', 'D065546', 'D020100', 'D016503', 'D045744', 'D004355', 'D000970', 'D012995', 'D004337', 'D002626', 'D014783', 'D001682', 'D000279', 'D018874']"
38951949,"Strengthening access to cancer medicines for children in East Africa: policy options to enhance medicine procurement, forecasting, and regulations.","Gaps in access to quality essential medicines remain a major impediment to the effective care of children with cancer in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). The World Health Organization reports that less than 30% of LMICs have consistent availability of childhood cancer medicines, compared to over 95% in high-income countries. Information provided within this policy brief is drawn from a review of the literature and a mixed-methods study published in the Lancet Oncology that analyzed determinants of cancer medicine access for children in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and Rwanda. Three key policy options are presented to guide strategic policy direction and critical health system planning for strengthening access to cancer medicines for children: pooled procurement, evidence-based forecasting, and regional harmonization of regulatory processes. Enhancing regional pooled procurement to address fragmented markets and improve medicine supply, investing in health information systems for improved forecasting and planning of childhood cancer medicine needs, and promoting regulatory harmonization to streamline medicine approval and quality assurance across East Africa are recommended. This policy brief is intended for policymakers, clinicians, and health-system planners involved in the procurement, supply chain management, policy and financing of childhood cancer medicines.","['D006801', 'D006297', 'D002648', 'D000351', 'D009369', 'D000970', 'D006291', 'D005544', 'D003906', 'D018954']"
38951906,Advancing targeted combination chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer: nucleolin aptamer-mediated controlled drug release.,"Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a recurrent, heterogeneous, and invasive form of breast cancer. The treatment of TNBC patients with paclitaxel and fluorouracil in a sequential manner has shown promising outcomes. However, it is challenging to deliver these chemotherapeutic agents sequentially to TNBC tumors. We aim to explore a precision therapy strategy for TNBC through the sequential delivery of paclitaxel and fluorouracil.","['D064726', 'D052157', 'D006801', 'D017239', 'D000097796', 'D045744', 'D000818', 'D005260', 'D005472', 'D065546', 'D016601', 'D003692', 'D010750', 'D009838', 'D000971', 'D008819', 'D023041', 'D049109', 'D010084', 'D008807']"
38951829,Application of slow-controlled release fertilizer coordinates the carbon flow in carbon-nitrogen metabolism to effect rice quality.,"Slow-controlled release fertilizers are experiencing a popularity in rice cultivation due to their effectiveness in yield and quality with low environmental costs. However, the underlying mechanism by which these fertilizers regulate grain quality remains inadequately understood. This study investigated the effects of five fertilizer management practices on rice yield and quality in a two-year field experiment: CK, conventional fertilization, and four applications of slow-controlled release fertilizer (UF, urea formaldehyde; SCU, sulfur-coated urea; PCU, polymer-coated urea; BBF, controlled-release bulk blending fertilizer). In 2020 and 2021, the yields of UF and SCU groups showed significant decreases when compared to conventional fertilization, accompanied by a decline in nutritional quality. Additionally, PCU group exhibited poorer cooking and eating qualities. However, BBF group achieved increases in both yield (10.8 t hm-2 and 11.0 t hm-2) and grain quality reaching the level of CK group. The adequate nitrogen supply in PCU group during the grain-filling stage led to a greater capacity for the accumulation of proteins and amino acids in the PCU group compared to starch accumulation. Intriguingly, BBF group showed better carbon-nitrogen metabolism than that of PCU group. The optimal nitrogen supply present in BBF group suitable boosted the synthesis of amino acids involved in the glycolysis/ tricarboxylic acid cycle, thereby effectively coordinating carbon-nitrogen metabolism. The application of the new slow-controlled release fertilizer, BBF, is advantageous in regulating the carbon flow in the carbon-nitrogen metabolism to enhance rice quality.","['D012275', 'D005308', 'D009584', 'D002244', 'D002523', 'D003692']"
38951791,Pityriasis Rosea-Like Eruption following anti-fatigue traditional herbs: Aconitum carmichaelii Debx and Panax Ginseng suspected.,"Traditional herbs have a history of clinical use in anti-fatigue. However, several adverse effects of herbs have been identified. Pityriasis rosea-like eruption (PR-LE) is a rare cutaneous complication of herbs. To the best of our knowledge, there have been few reports of PR-LE following herbs. Here, we described a case of PR-LE that developed 6 days after taking anti-fatigue herbs. After the 17 days of stopping Aconitum carmichaelii Debx and Panax Ginseng, it notably faded. So, when anti-fatigue herbs being authorized for fatigue use, monitoring for potential adverse effects is necessary.","['D006801', 'D031841', 'D005894', 'D017515', 'D005221', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D004365', 'D003875']"
38951570,Enhanced chondrogenic potential in GelMA-based 3D cartilage model via Wnt3a surface immobilization.,"Cartilage tissue engineering aims to develop functional substitutes for treating cartilage defects and osteoarthritis. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture systems lack the complexity of native cartilage, leading to the development of 3D regenerative cartilage models. In this study, we developed a 3D model using Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA)-based hydrogels seeded with Y201 cells, a bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell line. The model investigated chondrogenic differentiation potential in response to Wnt3a stimulation within the GelMA scaffold and validated using known chondrogenic agonists. Y201 cells demonstrated suitability for the model, with increased proteoglycan content and upregulated chondrogenic marker expression under chondrogenic conditions. Wnt3a enhanced cell proliferation, indicating activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which plays a role in cartilage development. GelMA hydrogels provided an optimal scaffold, supporting cell viability and proliferation. The 3D model exhibited consistent responses to chondrogenic agonists, with TGF-β3 enhancing cartilage-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) production and chondrogenic differentiation. The combination of Wnt3a and TGF-β3 showed synergistic effects, promoting chondrogenic differentiation and ECM production. This study presents a 3D regenerative cartilage model with potential for investigating cartilage biology, disease mechanisms, and drug screening. The model provides insights into complex cartilage regeneration mechanisms and offers a platform for developing therapeutic approaches for cartilage repair and osteoarthritis treatment.","['D060509', 'D020219', 'D002454', 'D023822', 'D049109', 'D020100', 'D059630', 'D006801', 'D002356', 'D005780', 'D054457', 'D053782', 'D002460', 'D005109', 'D060449', 'D019902', 'D000818']"
38951450,Kaempferia parviflora extract and its component polymethoxyflavones suppress adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells via the AMPK pathway.,"Kaempferia parviflora Wall. ex. Baker (KP) has been reported to exhibit anti-obesity effects. However, the detailed mechanism of the anti-obesity effect of KP extract (KPE) is yet to be clarified. Here, we investigated the effect of KPE and its component polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) on the adipogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).","['D006801', 'D059630', 'D050156', 'D010936', 'D030521', 'D055372', 'D047309', 'D002454', 'D015398', 'D047495', 'D017667', 'D002478']"
38951293,The effect of cyclosporine a in pterygium surgery using fibrin glue.,To evaluate the effect of topical cyclosporine A (CsA) 0.05% in patients with pterygium surgery using fibrin glue (FG).,"['D006801', 'D011625', 'D016572', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D015718', 'D007166', 'D012189', 'D005500', 'D000328', 'D014014', 'D016896', 'D000368', 'D009883', 'D013508', 'D012008', 'D003228', 'D013666']"
38950300,Estimating The Effects Of COVID-19 On Globalized Markets For Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients.,"Global supply chains for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are highly centralized in certain countries and are susceptible to supply-chain shocks. However, there is no systematic monitoring or global coordination to manage risk and ensure equitable supply continuity during public health emergencies. In this study, we applied quasi-experimental methods on shipment-level customs data to determine how prices and export volume for APIs exported from India were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that API prices for key essential medicines not used for COVID-19 did not change significantly in the year after the World Health Organization pandemic declaration, but volume decreased by 80 percent. Prices for medicines speculatively repurposed for COVID-19, such as hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin, increased by as much as 250 percent compared with prices for nonrepurposed medicines, but only ivermectin saw a decrease in volume. Systematic monitoring of API markets, investments to promote supply diversification, and legal and political reforms to disincentivize price speculation could support supply-chain resilience and safeguard access to medicines.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D000086402', 'D007194', 'D003132', 'D000093485', 'D014943', 'D018954', 'D007559', 'D058873', 'D038622', 'D000095485']"
38950158,Affordability and adherence gains for Medicare Part D low-income subsidy recipients when low-income subsidy benefits expanded in 2024.,"The lowest-income beneficiaries enrolled in the Medicare Part D prescription drug program receive ""full subsidies"" that waive the premium and deductible and impose minimal copayments. Those with slightly higher incomes and assets may be eligible for ""partial subsidies."" Prior to 2024, individuals receiving partial subsidies faced reduced Part D premiums and deductibles and paid 15% coinsurance. Under provisions of the Inflation Reduction Act, recipients of partial subsidies were upgraded to full subsidies beginning in 2024. The objective of this pilot study was to assess whether the new policy is likely to reduce cost-related nonadherence to prescribed medications- a common problem faced by older adults even among those receiving subsidies.","['D006801', 'D054524', 'D014481', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D011203', 'D000368', 'D055118', 'D010865', 'D000369', 'D008875', 'D003669', 'D055553']"
38950157,Cheaper is not always better: Drug shortages in the United States and a value-based solution to alleviate them.,"Drug shortages threaten patients' access to medications and are associated with adverse health outcomes and increased costs. Drug shortages disproportionately occur among generic drugs of limited profitability, most notably drugs administered by injection. In this perspective, we discuss how reimbursement and purchasing practices that were meant to create an efficient marketplace for generics have generated strong price pressure that threatens profitability in certain markets. We further explain how, faced with limited profitability, manufacturers lack incentives to invest in resilient supply chains, and in some cases, engage in cost-containment strategies or decide to exit the market, ultimately contributing to shortages. We propose the development and implementation of value-based reimbursement to provide needed incentives for drug purchasers and manufacturers to establish a more reliable supply chain as part of the policy solution to reduce the number and extent of drug shortages. This reimbursement model would necessitate the development of a rating system that measures supply chain resilience and maturity for each generic product. This rating would then be applied as a value-based modifier to reimbursement rates for generic products. The proposed model would result in higher reimbursement rates for generic products from more dependable supply chains, generating incentives for manufacturers to invest in supply chain resiliency. We propose the application of this reimbursement system originally in Medicare given Congressional interest on reforming Medicare payment to prevent drug shortages.","['D014481', 'D016568', 'D006801', 'D004345', 'D016527', 'D003363', 'D004364', 'D062505', 'D012051']"
38949588,Probing the structural evolution on the surface of cardiolipin vesicles with an amphiphilic second harmonic generation and fluorescence probe.,"Investigating the influence of the ambient chemical environment on molecular behaviors in liposomes is crucial for understanding and manipulating cellular vitality as well as the capabilities of lipid drug carriers in various environments. Here, we designed and synthesized a second harmonic generation (SHG) and fluorescence probe molecule called Pyr-Py+-N+ (PPN), which possesses membrane-targeting capability. We employed PPN to investigate the response of lipid vesicles composed of cardiolipin to the presence of exogenous salt. The kinetic behaviors, including the adsorption and embedding of PPN on the surface of small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) composed of cardiolipin, were analyzed. The response of the SUVs to the addition of NaCl was also monitored. A rapid decrease in vesicle size can be evidenced through the rapid drop in SHG emission originating from PPN located on the vesicle surface.","['D002308', 'D005456', 'D053835', 'D013499', 'D008081', 'D012965', 'D013501', 'D015394']"
38949382,Exploring Alternative Perfusion Solutions Using Next-Generation Polymerized Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers in a Model of Rat Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion.,"Lung transplantation is hampered by the lack of suitable donors. Previously, donors that were thought to be marginal or inadequate were discarded. However, new and exciting technology, such as ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP), offers lung transplant providers extended assessment for marginal donor allografts. This dynamic assessment platform has led to an increase in lung transplantation and has allowed providers to use donors that were previously discarded, thus expanding the donor pool. Current perfusion techniques use cellular or acellular perfusates, and both have distinct advantages and disadvantages. Perfusion composition is critical to maintaining a homeostatic environment, providing adequate metabolic support, decreasing inflammation and cellular death, and ultimately improving organ function. Perfusion solutions must contain sufficient protein concentration to maintain appropriate oncotic pressure. However, current perfusion solutions often lead to fluid extravasation through the pulmonary endothelium, resulting in inadvertent pulmonary edema and damage. Thus, it is necessary to develop novel perfusion solutions that prevent excessive damage while maintaining proper cellular homeostasis. Here, we describe the application of a polymerized human hemoglobin (PolyhHb)-based oxygen carrier as a perfusate and the protocol in which this perfusion solution can be tested in a model of rat EVLP. The goal of this study is to provide the lung transplant community with key information in designing and developing novel perfusion solutions, as well as the proper protocols to test them in clinically relevant translational transplant models.","['D000818', 'D051381', 'D016040', 'D006454', 'D010477', 'D008168', 'D006801', 'D010100', 'D001802', 'D008297', 'D019188']"
38948525,Changes in the serum metabolomics of polycystic ovary syndrome before and after compound oral contraceptive treatment.,"Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is both a common endocrine syndrome and a metabolic disorder that results in harm to the reproductive system and whole-body metabolism. This study aimed to investigate differences in the serum metabolic profiles of patients with PCOS compared with healthy controls, in addition to investigating the effects of compound oral contraceptive (COC) treatment in patients with PCOS.","['D006801', 'D011085', 'D005260', 'D055432', 'D000328', 'D055815', 'D016022', 'D055442', 'D013739', 'D003276', 'D003277', 'D015415']"
38948522,Effectiveness and safety of GnRH antagonist originator and generic in real-world clinical practice: a retrospective cohort study.,"This study aims to determine whether the live birth rates were similar between GnRH antagonist original reference product Cetrotide® and generic Ferpront®, in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol for controlled ovarian stimulation (COS).","['D006801', 'D007987', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D010062', 'D011247', 'D000328', 'D006727', 'D018873', 'D001723', 'D016568', 'D065851']"
38948504,A stability indicating method development and validation of a rapid and sensitive RP-HPLC method for Nintedanib and its application in quantification of nanostructured lipid carriers.,"Nintedanib (NTB) is a multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor, been investigated for many disease conditions like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), systemic sclerosis interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NTB is available as oral capsule formulation, but its ability to detect degradants formed through oxidative, photolytic and hydrolytic processes makes it difficult to quantify. In the current work, a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated.","['D002851', 'D007211', 'D056148', 'D008055', 'D004355', 'D004337', 'D049329', 'D015203']"
38948275,[Cuiru Keli Improves Postpartum Hypogalactia in Rats Through Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 2-Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway].,"Based on the secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2)-Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, this study explored the effect and mechanism of Cuiru Keli (CRKL) in the treatment of postpartum hypogalactia.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D051381', 'D060449', 'D004365', 'D049590', 'D017207', 'D011247', 'D051176']"
38948224,Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles via neem extract and their anticancer and antibacterial activities.,"In the present study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were synthesized using neem leaf aqueous extracts and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Then compare its efficacy as anticancer and antibacterial agents with chemically synthesized ZnO-NPs and the neem leaf extract used for the green synthesis of ZnO-NPs. The TEM, UV-vis, and particle size confirmed that the developed ZnO-NPs are nanoscale. The chemically and greenly synthesized ZnO-NPs showed their optical absorbance at 328 nm and 380 nm, respectively, and were observed as spherical particles with a size of about 85 nm and 62.5 nm, respectively. HPLC and GC-MS were utilized to identify the bioactive components in the neem leaf aqueous extract employed for the eco-friendly production of ZnO-NPs. The HPLC analysis revealed that the aqueous extract of neem leaf contains 19 phenolic component fractions. The GC-MS analysis revealed the existence of 21 bioactive compounds. The antiproliferative effect of green ZnO-NPs was observed at different concentrations (31.25 µg/mL-1000 µg/mL) on Hct 116 and A 549 cancer cells, with an IC50 value of 111 µg/mL for A 549 and 118 µg/mL for Hct 116. On the other hand, the antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was estimated. The antibacterial result showed that the MIC of green synthesized ZnO-NPs against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were 5, and 1 µg/mL. Hence, they could be utilized as effective antibacterial and antiproliferative agents.","['D015034', 'D000900', 'D010936', 'D006801', 'D018515', 'D000970', 'D031601', 'D053768', 'D008826', 'D055772', 'D010316', 'D045744']"
38948069,A novel selenium analog of HDACi-based twin drug induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via CDC25A to improve prostate cancer therapy.,"Cancer therapy has moved from single agents to more mechanism-based targeted approaches. In recent years, the combination of HDAC inhibitors and other anticancer chemicals has produced exciting progress in cancer treatment. Herein, we developed a novel prodrug via the ligation of dichloroacetate to selenium-containing potent HDAC inhibitors. The effect and mechanism of this compound in the treatment of prostate cancer were also studied. Methods: The concerned prodrug SeSA-DCA was designed and synthesized under mild conditions. This compound's preclinical studies, including the pharmacokinetics, cell toxicity, and anti-tumor effect on prostate cancer cell lines, were thoroughly investigated, and its possible synergistic mechanism was also explored and discussed. Results: SeSA-DCA showed good stability in physiological conditions and could be rapidly decomposed into DCA and selenium analog of SAHA (SeSAHA) in the tumor microenvironment. CCK-8 experiments identified that SeSA-DCA could effectively inhibit the proliferation of a variety of tumor cell lines, especially in prostate cancer. In further studies, we found that SeSA-DCA could also inhibit the metastasis of prostate cancer cell lines and promote cell apoptosis. At the animal level, oral administration of SeSA-DCA led to significant tumor regression without obvious toxicity. Moreover, as a bimolecular coupling compound, SeSA-DCA exhibited vastly superior efficacy than the mixture with equimolar SeSAHA and DCA both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings provide an important theoretical basis for clinical prostate cancer treatment. Conclusions: Our in vivo and in vitro results showed that SeSA-DCA is a highly effective anti-tumor compound for PCa. It can effectively induce cell cycle arrest and growth suppression and inhibit the migration and metastasis of PCa cell lines compared with monotherapy. SeSA-DCA's ability to decrease the growth of xenografts is a little better than that of docetaxel without any apparent signs of toxicity. Our findings provide an important theoretical basis for clinical prostate cancer treatment.","['D008297', 'D011471', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D017209', 'D056572', 'D045744', 'D059447', 'D020687', 'D051379', 'D000970', 'D049109', 'D008819', 'D012643', 'D023041', 'D011355', 'D008807']"
38948054,An injectable magnesium-loaded hydrogel releases hydrogen to promote osteoporotic bone repair via ROS scavenging and immunomodulation.,"Background: The repair of osteoporotic bone defects remains challenging due to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), persistent inflammation, and an imbalance between osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Methods: Here, an injectable H2-releasing hydrogel (magnesium@polyethylene glycol-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), Mg@PEG-PLGA) was developed to remodel the challenging bone environment and accelerate the repair of osteoporotic bone defects. Results: This Mg@PEG-PLGA gel shows excellent injectability, shape adaptability, and phase-transition ability, can fill irregular bone defect areas via minimally invasive injection, and can transform into a porous scaffold in situ to provide mechanical support. With the appropriate release of H2 and magnesium ions, the 2Mg@PEG-PLGA gel (loaded with 2 mg of Mg) displayed significant immunomodulatory effects through reducing intracellular ROS, guiding macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype, and inhibiting the IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that the 2Mg@PEG-PLGA gel inhibited osteoclastogenesis while promoting osteogenesis. Most notably, in animal experiments, the 2Mg@PEG-PLGA gel significantly promoted the repair of osteoporotic bone defects in vivo by scavenging ROS and inhibiting inflammation and osteoclastogenesis. Conclusions: Overall, our study provides critical insight into the design and development of H2-releasing magnesium-based hydrogels as potential implants for repairing osteoporotic bone defects.","['D000818', 'D008274', 'D017382', 'D051379', 'D011092', 'D020100', 'D010024', 'D010012', 'D006859', 'D000067996', 'D001861', 'D056747', 'D054457', 'D008264', 'D011091']"
38947224,A Health Technology Assessment Based on Chinese Guideline: Active Vitamin D and Its Analogs in the Treatment of Osteoporosis.,"To quantitatively assess all dosage forms of three active vitamin D and its analogs, namely, calcitriol, alfacalcidol, and eldecalcitol, to provide a basis for the selection of active vitamin D and its analogs in hospitals.","['D006801', 'D010024', 'D014807', 'D006887', 'D013673', 'D050071', 'D002681', 'D002117', 'D002214']"
38947105,Prevention of Chronic Diabetic Neuropathy and Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Impairment Using Medicinal Herbs (Cassia Angustifolia and Nigella Sativa).,"Nodal regions, areas of intensive contact between Schwann cells and axons, may be exceptionally vulnerable to diabetes-induced changes because they are exposed to and impacted by the metabolic implications of diabetes. Insulin receptors, glucose transporters, Na+ and K+ channels, and mitochondria are abundant in nodes, all of which have been linked to the development and progression of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)-associated cognitive impairment. Our study aimed to evaluate if the administration of Nigella sativa (NS) and Cassia angustifolia (CA) prevented diabetes-associated nervous system deficits in hyperglycemic mice. We developed T1DM mice through Streptozotocin (STZ) injections and validated the elevations in blood glucose levels. NS and CA were administered immediately upon the induction of diabetes. Behavioral analysis, histopathological evaluations, and assessment of molecular biomarkers (NR2A, MPZ, NfL) were performed to assess neuropathy and cognitive impairment. Improvements in memory, myelin loss, and the expression of synaptic proteins, even with the retention of hyperglycemia, were evident in the mice who were given a dose of herbal products upon the detection of hyperglycemia. NS was more beneficial in preventing memory impairments, demyelination, and synaptic dysfunction. The findings indicate that including these herbs in the diets of diabetic as well as pre-diabetic patients can reduce complications associated with T1DM, notably diabetic peripheral neuropathy and cognitive deficits associated with T1DM.","['D000818', 'D003929', 'D031881', 'D051379', 'D060825', 'D008297', 'D003921', 'D010936', 'D010946', 'D029846']"
38946885,Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7-Loaded Gelatin Methacrylate/Oxidized Sodium Alginate/Nano-Hydroxyapatite Composite Hydrogel for Bone Tissue Engineering.,"Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is a promising alternative to autologous bone grafting for the clinical treatment of bone defects, and inorganic/organic composite hydrogels as BTE scaffolds are a hot spot in current research. The construction of nano-hydroxyapatite/gelatin methacrylate/oxidized sodium alginate (nHAP/GelMA/OSA), abbreviated as HGO, composite hydrogels loaded with bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) will provide a suitable 3D microenvironment to promote cell aggregation, proliferation, and differentiation, thus facilitating bone repair and regeneration.","['D000464', 'D000818', 'D055419', 'D005780', 'D023822', 'D020100', 'D017886', 'D010012', 'D051381', 'D001861', 'D054457', 'D017207', 'D008689', 'D008297', 'D006801', 'D001842']"
38946884,pH-Responsive Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Loaded with Naringin for Targeted Osteoclast Inhibition and Bone Regeneration.,"It is well-established that osteoclast activity is significantly influenced by fluctuations in intracellular pH. Consequently, a pH-sensitive gated nano-drug delivery system represents a promising therapeutic approach to mitigate osteoclast overactivity. Our prior research indicated that naringin, a natural flavonoid, effectively mitigates osteoclast activity. However, naringin showed low oral availability and short half-life, which hinders its clinical application. We developed a drug delivery system wherein chitosan, as gatekeepers, coats mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with naringin (CS@MSNs-Naringin). However, the inhibitory effects of CS@MSNs-Naringin on osteoclasts and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, warranting further research.","['D044950', 'D000818', 'D010010', 'D001861', 'D012822', 'D006863', 'D053758', 'D051381', 'D051379', 'D017207', 'D048271', 'D008297', 'D065546', 'D016062', 'D004337', 'D001862', 'D000067996', 'D016503', 'D002454']"
38946616,Oral administration of encapsulated catechin in chitosan-alginate nanoparticles improves cognitive function and neurodegeneration in an aluminum chloride-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease.,"The present study aimed to investigate the effect of catechin-loaded Chitosan-Alginate nanoparticles (NPs) on cognitive function in an aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Catechin-loaded Chitosan-Alginate nanocarriers were synthesized through ionotropic gelation (IG) method. Physio-chemical characterization was conducted with the Zetasizer Nano system, the scanning electron microscope, and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experiments were performed over 21 days on six groups of male Wistar rats. The control group, AlCl3 treated group, Catechin group, nanocarrier group, treatment group 1 (AlCl3 + Catechin), and treatment group 2 (AlCl3 + nanocarrier). A behavioral study was done by the Morris water maze (MWM) test. In addition, the level of oxidative indices and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity was determined by standard procedures at the end of the study. AlCl3 induced a significant increase in AChE activity, along with a significant decrease in the level of Catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the hippocampus. Moreover, the significant effect of AlCl3 was observed on the behavioral parameters of the MWM test. Both forms of Catechin markedly improved AChE activity, oxidative biomarkers, spatial memory, and learning. The present study indicated that the administration of Catechin-loaded Chitosan-Alginate NPs is a beneficial therapeutic option against behavioral and chemical alteration of AD in male Wistar rats.","['D000818', 'D002392', 'D000077410', 'D048271', 'D000464', 'D008297', 'D017208', 'D000544', 'D051381', 'D053758', 'D000284', 'D003071', 'D000110', 'D018782', 'D006624', 'D004195', 'D000975', 'D018384', 'D004337']"
38946512,"Comparison of microtensile bond strength of prepared teeth treated with proanthocyanidin, Camellia sinensis - Polyphenols, and metal crowns luted with resin-modified glass ionomer cement: An in vitro study.",The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of proanthocyanidin and C. sinensis-polyphenols on microtensile bonding properties of prepared teeth with resin-modified glass ionomer cement (GIC).,"['D044945', 'D013718', 'D005899', 'D059808', 'D006801', 'D003442', 'D001840', 'D028241', 'D066298', 'D019279', 'D010936', 'D003799']"
38946510,Evaluation of flexural strength and microhardness in Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry)-added self-cure polymethyl methacrylate dental resin: An in vitro study.,"Occurrence of denture stomatitis and prosthesis breakage are common problems faced by elderly people wearing removable dentures. To overcome this, several attempts are made to improve the denture material by addition of antimicrobials without compromising original properties. The aim of the study was to evaluate flexural strength and microhardness of self-cured polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin after addition of Vaccinium macrocarpon (commonly called as cranberry), extract as antimicrobial, at varying proportions.","['D019904', 'D006244', 'D000077298', 'D029799', 'D010936', 'D008422', 'D006801', 'D003819', 'D003764', 'D000890', 'D066298']"
38946248,Advances of traditional Chinese medicine preclinical mechanisms and clinical studies on diabetic peripheral neuropathy.,"Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) results in an enormous burden and reduces the quality of life for patients. Considering there is no specific drug for the management of DPN, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has increasingly drawn attention of clinicians and researchers around the world due to its characteristics of multiple targets, active components, and exemplary safety.","['D006801', 'D003929', 'D008516', 'D004365', 'D000818', 'D011788', 'D018384', 'D004353']"
38945949,Harnessing the potential of hydrogels for advanced therapeutic applications: current achievements and future directions.,"The applications of hydrogels have expanded significantly due to their versatile, highly tunable properties and breakthroughs in biomaterial technologies. In this review, we cover the major achievements and the potential of hydrogels in therapeutic applications, focusing primarily on two areas: emerging cell-based therapies and promising non-cell therapeutic modalities. Within the context of cell therapy, we discuss the capacity of hydrogels to overcome the existing translational challenges faced by mainstream cell therapy paradigms, provide a detailed discussion on the advantages and principal design considerations of hydrogels for boosting the efficacy of cell therapy, as well as list specific examples of their applications in different disease scenarios. We then explore the potential of hydrogels in drug delivery, physical intervention therapies, and other non-cell therapeutic areas (e.g., bioadhesives, artificial tissues, and biosensors), emphasizing their utility beyond mere delivery vehicles. Additionally, we complement our discussion on the latest progress and challenges in the clinical application of hydrogels and outline future research directions, particularly in terms of integration with advanced biomanufacturing technologies. This review aims to present a comprehensive view and critical insights into the design and selection of hydrogels for both cell therapy and non-cell therapies, tailored to meet the therapeutic requirements of diverse diseases and situations.","['D020100', 'D006801', 'D064987', 'D016503', 'D001672', 'D000818', 'D023822']"
38945947,Systematic DOE Approach for Dry Granulation Study at Early Clinical Stage of Novel Drugs: An Industrial Case.,"In order to introduce a cost-effective strategy method for commercial scale dry granulation at the early clinical stage of drug product development, we developed dry granulation process using formulation without API, fitted and optimized the process parameters adopted Design of Experiment (DOE). Then, the process parameters were confirmed using one formulation containing active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The results showed that the roller pressure had significant effect on particle ratio (retained up to #60 mesh screen), bulk density and tapped density. The roller gap had significant influence on particle ratio and specific energy. The particle ratio was significantly affected by the mill speed (second level). The tabletability of the powder decreased after dry granulation. The effect of magnesium stearate on the tabletability was significant. In the process validation study, the properties of the prepared granules met the requirements for each response studied in the DOE. The prepared tablets showed higher tensile strength, good content uniformity of filled capsules, and the dissolution profiles of which were consistent with that of clinical products. This drug product process development and research strategies could be used as a preliminary experiment for the dry granulation process in the early clinical stage.","['D013607', 'D010316', 'D004339', 'D011208', 'D013229', 'D013718', 'D005079', 'D012995']"
38945922,"Review on Cutting Fluids: Formulation, Chemistry and Deformulation.","This comprehensive review offers a chemical analysis of cutting fluids, delving into both their formulation and deformulation processes. The study covers a wide spectrum of cutting fluid formulations, ranging from simple compositions predominantly comprising oils, whether mineral or vegetable, to emulsions. The latter involves the integration of surfactants, encompassing both nonionic and anionic types, along with a diverse array of additives. Concerning oils, the current trend leans towards the use of vegetable oils instead of mineral oils for environmental reasons. As vegetable oils are more prone to oxidation, chemical alterations, the addition of antioxidant may be necessary. The chemical aspects of the different compounds are scrutinized, in order to understand the role of each component and its impact on the fluid's lubricating, cooling, anti-wear, and anti-corrosion properties. Furthermore, the review explores the deformulation methodologies employed to dissect cutting fluids. This process involves a two-step approach: separating the aqueous and organic phases of the emulsions by physical or chemical treatments, and subsequently conducting a detailed analysis of each to identify the compounds. Several analytical techniques, including spectrometric or chromatographic, can be employed simultaneously to reveal the chemical structures of samples. This review aims to contribute to the improvement of waste treatment stemming from cutting fluids. By gathering extensive information about the formulation, deformulation, and chemistry of the ingredients, there is a potential to enhance the waste management and disposal effectively.","['D004655', 'D013501', 'D010938', 'D008899', 'D000975', 'D010084', 'D008153', 'D054327', 'D055598']"
38945921,Development of Polymer Complexed Lamella That Retains α-gel Structure When Dried.,"This paper reports a novel α-gel formulation technology referred to as polymer complexed lamella (PCL) that uses hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and glycerol. The PCL method suppressed lipid crystallization even after drying. This effect was maximized by the addition of HPMC and glycerol at high temperature. HPMC and lipids coexisted when mixed at high temperature, which decreased the mobility of HPMC, an effect that was enhanced by the strong interaction of glycerol with HPMC. These results indicate that mixing of HPMC with glycerol directly regulates the lipid structure and suppresses crystallization. PCL also maintained the effect of occlusion related to the moisturization of skin, even if the membrane was repeatedly bent such as in facial expressions.","['D065347', 'D005990', 'D005782', 'D003460', 'D003890', 'D006358', 'D008055', 'D011108']"
38945920,Friction Dynamics of Human Skin Treated using Polymer Aqueous Solutions.,"Herein, we evaluated friction dynamics of human skin treated with polyacrylic acid aqueous solutions or gel creams using a sinusoidal motion friction evaluation system to demonstrate the effect of treatment with polymer aqueous solutions on human skin. A polymer aqueous solution or gel cream was applied to the inner forearms of 10 subjects to evaluate temporal changes in friction force under sinusoidal motion. Water content, skin viscoelasticity, and transepidermal water loss were also simultaneously measured to determine the effects on skin conditions. When human skin was treated with the polymer aqueous solution, the friction coefficient immediately after treatment was 0.69-0.99 and the delay time δ, a normalized parameter of the time difference in the delayed response of friction to the movement of the contact probe divided by the friction time T 0 for one round trip, was 0.171-0.179, which was greater than that of untreated skin. This increase was caused by the swelling and softening of the stratum corneum caused by the penetration of water in the polymer aqueous solution, which increased true contact area between the skin and contact probe. A significant difference was observed in the friction coefficient of the skin immediately after treatment with different polymer aqueous solutions. Among polymers (P1-P4), P4, which has a low-salt resistance and low yield stress, had the lowest friction coefficient because of collapsing of the polymer network structures by shearing and reduced viscosity owing to salts on human skin. The skin treated with a gel cream also exhibited a greater friction coefficient than the untreated skin immediately after treatment and 90 min later. This phenomenon can be caused by the occlusive effect of the oil in the gel cream.","['D006801', 'D017276', 'D014867', 'D014783', 'D012996', 'D000180', 'D012867', 'D004548', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D011108', 'D063465', 'D005782', 'D014870']"
38945910,[Pharmacological characteristics and clinical study results of ensitrelvir fumaric acid (XOCOVA® Tablets 125 ‍mg)].,"Ensitrelvir fumaric acid (Xocova® hereafter ensitrelvir) is a novel anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug for COVID-19. Hokkaido University and Shionogi & Co., Ltd. engaged in joint research targeting SARS-CoV-2 3C-like (3CL) protease at an early stage and started clinical trials in July 2021. In February 2022, an application was filed for manufacture and sales approval for the indication of ""SARS-CoV-2 infection,"". Ensitrelvir recieved the first emergency regulatory approval from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) in Japan in November 2022, and has obtained standard approval in March 2024. This emergency approval was based on the confirmed safety in a Phase 2/3 study (T1221) conducted in Japan and other Asian countries (Korea and Vietnam) in patients with mild/moderate COVID-19 and the presumed efficacy in Phase 3 Part (SCORPIO-SR), and the standard approval is based on efficacy from the Phase 3 part. In the Phase 3 part, ensitrelvir administered orally 375/125 ‍mg once daily for five days, in patients with irrespective of risk factors for severe complications and vaccination status, demonstrating a significant reduction vs placebo in the time to resolution of five typical Omicron-related symptoms (stuffy or runny nose, sore throat, cough, feeling hot or feverish, and low energy or tiredness), and also showed a significant reduction in viral RNA on day 4 relative to placebo (P < 0.001). In the Phase 2/3 study, there were no serious adverse events or deaths, indicating good tolerability and safety. We hope that ensitrelvir will contribute as a new treatment option for patients suffering from COVID-19 symptoms.","['D006801', 'D000093485', 'D000086402', 'D013607', 'D002986', 'D000086382', 'D000998', 'D016896', 'D005650', 'D007191', 'D014227', 'D014230']"
38945908,"[Pharmacological properties and clinical development overview of pertuzumab (genetical recombination), trastuzumab (genetical recombination) and vorhyaluronidase alfa (genetical recombination) (PHESGO® combination for ‍subcutaneous injection MA, IN)].","Pertuzumab and trastuzumab are anti-HER2 humanized monoclonal antibodies with different mechanisms of action. Their combination is expected to suppress intracellular HER2 signaling additively or synergistically. Their combination is widely recommended worldwide and has been established as a standard of care for HER2-positive breast cancer. However, improvement is required because of the prolonged time of intravenous infusion. Vorhyaluronidase alfa (rHuPH20) depolymerizes hyaluronan in the subcutaneous connective tissue. It's reported to increase the permeability and absorption levels of drugs. PHESGO® combination for subcutaneous injection MA/IN (PHESGO®) is a fixed-dose combination of pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and rHuPH20. A confirmatory phase III study (FeDeriCa) was conducted following a dose-finding phase I study (BO30185). Patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive either intravenous infusion of pertuzumab and trastuzumab or subcutaneous injection of PHESGO®, in combination with chemotherapy, to compare the pharmacokinetics (PK), efficacy and safety. A phase II study (PHranceSCa) was also conducted to assess patients' preference and satisfaction. Based on these results, population PK analysis, and other data, PHESGO® obtained marketing approval in Japan in September 2023 with indications for ""HER2-positive breast cancer"" and ""advanced or recurrent HER2-positive colorectal cancer that has progressed following cancer chemotherapy and is not amenable to curative resection"". By reducing the administration time, PHESGO® is expected to contribute to various needs of patients and improvement of their daily lives. Since drug preparation is not required, it can provide convenience to healthcare professionals, leading to stress reduction of medical resources as well.","['D006801', 'D000068878', 'D061067', 'D006821', 'D007279', 'D001943', 'D004338', 'D002986', 'D018719', 'D005260', 'D011994', 'D015815']"
38945892,Dietary Puerarin Translocates to Femur and Suppresses Osteoclast Differentiation in Ovariectomized Mice.,"Osteoporosis is characterized by bone loss and deterioration in bone microstructure, leading to bone fragility. It is strongly correlated with menopause in women. Previously, we reported that diets supplemented with a kudzu (Pueraria lobata) vine extract suppressed bone resorption in ovariectomized (OVX) mice, a postmenopausal model. The main isoflavone in kudzu is puerarin (daidzein-8-C-glycoside). Puerarin (daidzein-8-C-glycoside), which is main isoflavone of kudzu, probably contributes to the beneficial effect. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Therefore, the nutrikinetics of puerarin and the comparison with the suppressive effects of kudzu isoflavones on osteoclast differentiation was examined in this study. We demonstrated that orally administered puerarin was absorbed from the gut and entered the circulation in an intact form. In addition, puerarin accumulated in RAW264.7 pre-osteoclast cells in a time-dependent manner. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity was decreased by puerarin treatment in a concentration-dependent manner in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand. Ovariectomy-induced elevated bone resorption was suppressed, and the fragile bone strength was improved by puerarin ingestion in the diet. These findings suggested that orally administered puerarin was localized in bone tissue and suppressed bone resorption and osteoclastogenesis in ovariectomized mice.","['D000818', 'D007529', 'D010052', 'D010010', 'D005260', 'D051379', 'D005269', 'D029908', 'D002454', 'D000067996', 'D001862', 'D010936', 'D010024', 'D000071681']"
38945850,[Actual Access and Usage of Antipyretic Analgesics before and after COVID-19 Vaccination: Pharmacist's Roles in Promoting Proper Use of Medicines during the Infodemic].,"An overwhelming surge of information regarding preparedness for postvaccination side effects had caused widespread confusion approximately since April 2021, when the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination had started for the general population in Japan. Notably, this resulted in a remarkably increased shortage of OTC acetaminophen formulations. The aim of this study was to elucidate the actual responses of the public in such an environment, how individuals acquired and understood information related to the management of postvaccination side effects, and how they obtained and used antipyretic analgesics before and after COVID-19 vaccination. We conducted a web-based survey in January 2022, targeting 400 individuals aged ≥20 years, who had received two COVID-19 vaccine doses, and excluded qualified professionals such as physicians and pharmacists. The results revealed that 67% of the respondents had obtained antipyretic analgesics in anticipation of adverse effects after vaccination, whereas 38% had taken these medicines before and/or after the second vaccination. Possible misappropriation of medicines from others, preventive administration, and lack of dosage and administration confirmation are the problems identified in medication acquisition and usage. Additionally, avoidance of antipyretic analgesics based on information without scientific evidence was observed. This study revealed no small amount of inappropriate use of medicines in situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, where there is an ""infodemic"" of mixed-quality information. Pharmacists, as experts in medication, should play a crucial role in promoting appropriate medication usage by consistently staying updated with the latest scientific evidence and proactively supporting OTC drug selection and counseling medication.","['D006801', 'D058633', 'D010595', 'D000086663', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D000082', 'D007564', 'D011795', 'D024382', 'D014611', 'D000368', 'D055815', 'D004366', 'D000086382']"
38945847,Evaluation of Sources of Drug Interaction Information for Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir.,"The Japanese package insert (J-PI) for nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (N/r) (specially approved pharmaceutical) includes numerous warnings about drug interactions. However, discrepancies in the information on drug interaction are reported between J-PI and foreign databases. This study aimed to evaluate various information sources on N/r drug interactions. We categorized and compared information on N/r drug interactions from the J-PI, prescribing information from foreign regulatory agencies, guidance from the National Institutes of Health and University Health Network, the Ontario coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Science Advisory Table, University of Liverpool, Lexicomp, and the Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences (JSPHCS). We assessed information quantity, missing data in J-PI, predicted change of the area under the blood concentration-time curve (AUC) for nirmatrelvir or co-administered drugs, and the information source consistency. From these information sources, we compiled a dataset with 115 contraindications and 203 precautions for N/r co-administration, and 51 contraindications are missing in J-PI. Among them, at least 12 drugs have large predicted AUC changes with N/r (AUC ≥5-fold or <1/5 of the baseline value). Nine of these 12 drugs are included as contraindications in Lexicomp and the JSPHCS. The consistency among the information sources is low. Information in the J-PI alone may be insufficient and Lexicomp or the JSPHCS guidelines should be useful because of their large amounts of information and wide coverage of drugs with large AUC changes. Due to low source consistency, multiple sources are needed for clinical management.","['D019438', 'D006801', 'D004347', 'D004338', 'D000093485', 'D061466', 'D019540', 'D007564', 'D007191']"
38945846,[Investigation of Mechanism of Creming-down Phenomenon and Development of High-order Functions Using Tea Catechins].,"An aqueous solution of 2,3-cis gallate type catechin (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCg) and caffeine afforded a precipitate of Creaming-down Phenomenon, which crystallized slowly for about three months to give a colorless block crystal. By X-ray crystallographic analysis, the crystal was determined to be a 2 : 2 complex of EGCg and caffeine, in which caffeine molecules were captured in a hydrophobic space formed with three aromatic A, B, and B' rings of EGCg. It was considered that the solubility of the 2 : 2 complex in water rapidly decreased and the 2 : 2 complex precipitated from aqueous solution. The hydrophobic spaces of EGCg captured a variety of heterocyclic compounds, and the molecular capture abilities of heterocyclic compounds using EGCg from the aqueous solutions were evaluated. Since the C ring of EGCg has two chiral carbon atoms, C2 and C3, the hydrophobic space of EGCg was a chiral space. EGCg captured diketopiperazine cyclo(Pro-Xxx) (Xxx=Phe, Tyr) and pharmaceuticals with a xanthine skeleton, proxyphylline and diprophylline, in the hydrophobic space, and recognized their chirality.","['D002392', 'D013662', 'D002110', 'D057927', 'D012995', 'D018360', 'D013237', 'D014867', 'D003460', 'D012996', 'D006571', 'D014970']"
38945630,The difference analysis of physicochemical indexes and volatile flavor compounds of chili oil prepared from different varieties of chili pepper.,"Because of its peculiar flavor, chili oil is widely used in all kinds of food and is welcomed by people. Chili pepper is an important raw material affecting its quality, and commercial chili oil needs to meet various production needs, so it needs to be made with different chili peppers. However, the current compounding method mainly relies on the experience of professionals and lacks the basis of objective numerical analysis. In this study, the chroma and capsaicinoids of different chili oils were analyzed, and then the volatile components were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-ion migration spectrometer (GC-IMS) and electronic nose (E-nose). The results showed that Zidantou chili oil had the highest L*, b*, and color intensity (ΔE) (52.76 ± 0.52, 88.72 ± 0.89, and 118.84 ± 1.14), but the color was tended to be greenyellow. Xinyidai chili oil had the highest a* (65.04 ± 0.2). But its b* and L* were relatively low (76.17 ± 0.29 and 45.41 ± 0.16), and the oil was dark red. For capsaicinoids, Xiaomila chili oil had the highest content of capsaicinoids was 2.68 ± 0.07 g/kg, Tianjiao chili oil had the lowest content of capsaicinoids was 0.0044 ± 0.0044 g/kg. Besides, 96 and 54 volatile flavor substances were identified by GC-MS and GC-IMS respectively. And the main volatile flavor substances of chili oil were aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, and esters. A total of 11 key flavor compounds were screened by the relative odor activity value (ROAV). Moguijiao chili oil and Zidantou chili oil had a prominent grass aroma because of hexanal, while Shizhuhong chili oil, Denglongjiao chili oil, Erjingtiao chili oil, and Zhoujiao chili oil had a prominent floral aroma because of 2, 3-butanediol. Chili oils could be well divided into 3 groups by the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). According to the above results, the 10 kinds of chili oil had their own characteristics in color, capsaicinoids and flavor. Based on quantitative physicochemical indicators and flavor substances, the theoretical basis for the compounding of chili oil could be provided to meet the production demand more scientifically and accurately.","['D055549', 'D002212', 'D008401', 'D013649', 'D010938', 'D062609', 'D002211', 'D005421', 'D003116', 'D009812']"
38945614,"Cold extraction process for producing a low-alcohol beer, International Pale Lager style: Evaluation and description of flavors using electronic tongue.","Grains germinate, dry, and then undergo crushing before being combined with hot water to yield a sweet and viscous liquid known as wort. To enhance flavor and aroma compounds while maintaining a lower alcohol content, cold water is utilized during wort production without increasing its density. Recent years have witnessed a surge in demand for beverages with reduced alcohol content, reflecting shifting consumer preferences towards healthier lifestyles. Notably, consumers of low-alcohol beers seek products that closely mimic traditional beers. In response, batches of low-alcohol beer were meticulously crafted using a cold extraction method with room temperature water, resulting in a beer with 1.11% alcohol by volume (ABV). Sensory evaluations yielded a favorable score of 27 out of 50, indicating adherence to style standards and absence of major technical flaws. Furthermore, electronic taste profiling revealed a striking similarity between the low-alcohol beer and the benchmark International Pale Lager style, exemplified by commercial beers (5 and 0.03% ABV). Notably, the reduced-alcohol variant boasted lower caloric content compared to both standard and non-alcoholic counterparts. Consequently, the cold extraction approach emerges as a promising technique for producing low-alcohol beers within the International Pale Lager style, catering to evolving consumer preferences and health-conscious trends.","['D001515', 'D013649', 'D006801', 'D005511', 'D062609', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000431', 'D000328', 'D005421', 'D003258', 'D009812', 'D055815', 'D003080']"
38945600,"Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) shell flour: Nutritional composition, chemical profile, and antioxidant potential as a strategy for valuing waste from native Brazilian fruits.","The Cerrado is one of the most biodiverse biomes in the world, characterized by a wealth of native fruits with unique nutritional characteristics. In this sense, the social, economic, and environmental importance of fully utilizing food is widely recognized. Therefore, generally considered waste, fruit shells can be transformed into a coproduct with high added value. The objective of this work was to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the physicochemical properties, carbohydrate and fatty acid profile, phytochemical compounds, phenolic profile, and antioxidant potential of the recovered extracts of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) shells in natura and dehydrated at 55 °C (flour). In addition, the functional properties were verified by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) from buriti shell flour. The results indicated high fiber content and energy value for the sample processed at 55 °C (58.95 g/100 g and 378.91 kcal/100 g, respectively) and low lipid and protein content (1.03 g/100 g and 1.39 g/100 g, respectively). Regardless of the sample analyzed, maltose was the majority sugar (37.33 - 281.01 g/100 g). The main fatty acids detected were oleic acid (61.33 - 62.08 %) followed by palmitic acid (33.91 - 34.40 %). The analysis of the mineral profile demonstrated that the samples did not differ significantly from each other, showing that the drying process did not interfere with the results obtained (p ≤ 0.05). The analysis of individual phenolics allowed the identification of six phenolic compounds in buriti shells. However, it is possible to observe that the drying method had a positive and significant influence on the phenolic profile (p ≤ 0.05), with chlorogenic acid (2.63 - 8.27 mg/100 g) and trigonelline (1.06 - 41.52 mg/100 g), the majority compounds. On the other hand, it is important to highlight that buriti shells have a high content of carotenoids, mainly β-carotene (27.18 - 62.94 µg/100 g) and α-carotene (18.23 - 60.28 µg/100 g), also being positively influenced by the drying process at 55 °C (p ≤ 0.05). The dried shells showed a high content of phytochemical compounds and high antioxidant activity based on the different methods tested. The results show that buriti shell flour can be fully utilized and has nutritional and chemical aspects that can be applied to develop new sustainable, nutritious, and functional food formulations.","['D000975', 'D009753', 'D005638', 'D001938', 'D005433', 'D005227', 'D017550', 'D010636', 'D010936', 'D004043', 'D019662', 'D064209']"
38945596,Edible hydrogel with dual network structure for weight management.,"Obesity, a global health crisis, is fueled by shifts in behavior and environmental factors, notably increased consumption of energy-dense processed foods and inadequate dietary fiber. Traditional weight loss methods pose safety challenges. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), a promising dietary fiber supplement, aids weight management. However, CMC-based hydrogels have mechanical weaknesses and poor gastrointestinal retention. A new dual-network structured hydrogel here was introduced to address these issues, maintaining volume and elasticity in the digestive system without adding calories, reducing caloric density, and enhancing food elasticity for prolonged satiety. The study assessed four distinct hydrogels, analyzing their mechanical characteristics under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and biomimetic digestion to identify promising options for clinical development. This dual-network hydrogel exhibits a mechanical strength up to 100 times that of the original gel, while its swelling rate throughout the digestion process is approximately twice that of the original gel. This offers a potential solution for obesity management, providing sustained satiety and addressing the mechanical deficiencies of current hydrogels within the digestive system.","['D020100', 'D002266', 'D009765', 'D004063', 'D006801', 'D004043', 'D015431', 'D004548']"
38945595,Flavor release from walnut kernels in an in-vitro mastication model with decoupled oral parameters.,"Consumer preferences for walnut products are largely determined by the flavors released during mastication. In this study, a peeled walnut kernel (PWK) model was established with oral parameters decoupled using a Hutchings 3D model. The model explored in vitro variations using head-space solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and intelligent sensory techniques. The fracture strength, hardness, particle size, adhesiveness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness were significantly reduced during mastication. We identified 61 volatile compounds and found that 2,5-dimethyl-3-ethylpyrazine is a key component, releasing predominantly baking and milky notes. Glutamic acid, alanine, arginine, and sucrose were identified as the key compounds in taste perception. The method can help establish a mastication model for nuts and facilitate breakthroughs in the development of walnut products and processing methods.","['D031324', 'D008409', 'D008401', 'D009754', 'D013649', 'D055549', 'D006801', 'D052617', 'D006244', 'D010316', 'D005421']"
38945586,Targeted microbial collaboration to enhance key flavor metabolites by inoculating Clostridium tyrobutyricum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the strong-flavor Baijiu simulated fermentation system.,"Ethyl hexanoate and ethyl butyrate are indispensable flavor metabolites in strong-flavor Baijiu (SFB), but batch production instability in fermenting grains can reduce the quality of distilled Baijiu. Biofortification of the fermentation process by designing a targeted microbial collaboration pattern is an effective method to stabilize the quality of Baijiu. In this study, we explored the metabolism under co-culture liquid fermentation with Clostridium tyrobutyricum DB041 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae YS219 and investigated the effects of inoculation with two functional microorganisms on physicochemical factors, flavor metabolites, and microbial communities in solid-state simulated fermentation of SFB for the first time. The headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry results showed that ethyl butyrate and ethyl hexanoate significantly increased in fermented grain. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that Pediococcus, Lactobacillus, Weissella, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_12, and Saccharomyces emerged as the dominant microorganisms at the end of fermentation. Co-occurrence analysis showed that ethyl hexanoate and ethyl butyrate were significantly correlated (|r| > 0.5, P < 0.05) with a cluster of interactions dominated by lactic acid bacteria (Pediococcus, Lactobacillus, Weissella, and Lactococcus), which was driven by the functional C. tyrobutyricum and S. cerevisiae. Mantel test showed that moisture and reducing sugars were the main physicochemical factor affecting microbial collaboration (|r| > 0.7, P < 0.05). Taken together, the collaborative microbial pattern of inoculation with C. tyrobutyricum and S. cerevisiae showed positive results in enhancing typical flavor metabolites and the synergistic effects of microorganisms in SFB.","['D012441', 'D005285', 'D048014', 'D002208', 'D002087', 'D013649', 'D005421', 'D005516', 'D008401', 'D018920', 'D000434', 'D052617']"
38945581,Unveiling the synthesis of aromatic compounds in sauce-flavor Daqu from the functional microorganisms to enzymes.,"Aromatic compounds serve as the primary source of floral and fruity aromas in sauce-flavor (Maotai flavor) baijiu, constituting the skeleton components of its flavor profile. Nevertheless, the formation mechanism of these compounds and key aroma-producing enzymes in sauce-flavor Daqu (fermentation agent, SFD) remain elusive. Here, we combined metagenomics, metaproteomics, metabolomics, and key enzyme activity to verify the biosynthesis pathway of aromatic compounds and to identify key enzymes, genes, and characteristic microorganisms in SFD. The results showed that the later period of fermentation was critical for the generation of aromatic compounds in SFD. In-situ verification was conducted on the potential key enzymes and profiles in various metabolites, providing comprehensive evidence for the main synthetic pathways of aromatic compounds in SFD. Notably, our results showed that primary amine oxidase (PrAO) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) emerged as two key enzymes promoting aromatic compound synthesis. Additionally, two potential key functional genes regulating aromatics generation were identified during SFD fermentation through correlation analysis between proteins and relevant metabolites, coupled with in vitro amplification test. Furthermore, original functional strains (Aspergillus flavus-C10 and Aspergillus niger-IN2) exhibiting high PrAO and ALDH production were successfully isolated from SFD, thus validating the results of metagenomics and metaproteomics analyses. This study comprehensively elucidates the pathway of aromatic compound formation in SFD at the genetic, proteomic, enzymatic, and metabolomic levels, providing new ideas for the investigation of key flavor substances in baijiu. Additionally, these findings offer valuable insights into the regulatory mechanisms of aromatic compounds generation.","['D005285', 'D005421', 'D009812', 'D040901', 'D001234', 'D001231', 'D056186', 'D055432', 'D000074421']"
38945580,Natural aromatic extract of black tea improved the water retention of pork meat batter.,"The effect of varying proportions (w/w) of natural aromatic extract of black tea (NAEBT) with pre-emulsification on the water-holding capacity (WHC) of pork meat batter was investigated. The addition of NAEBT significantly reduced the cooking loss (CL) of pork meat batter from 23.95 % to 18.30 % (P < 0.05). Furthermore, NAEBT with pre-emulsification significantly improved the color stability and increased the springiness (P < 0.05). The results of TBARS and carbonyls indicated that NAEBT with pre-emulsification significantly alleviated oxidative damage to proteins (P < 0.05), resulting in an increased level of β-sheet (P < 0.05), as confirmed by FT-IR analysis. As a result, the water mobility of pork meat batter was restricted (P < 0.05), resulting in an increase in the energy storage modulus (P < 0.05) and a decrease in the pore size. In summary, the WHC of pork meat batter was improved by the antioxidant effect of the NAEBT.","['D014867', 'D010936', 'D000080305', 'D000818', 'D013662', 'D008461', 'D000975', 'D013552', 'D003296', 'D017392', 'D017550']"
38945577,Comparative evaluation of the antihyperglycemic effects of three extracts of sea mustard (Undaria pinnatifida): In vitro and in vivo studies.,"Undaria pinnatifida (UP) contains multiple bioactive substances, such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, and amino acids, which are associated with various biological properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effects of three extracts obtained from UP. UP was extracted under three different conditions: a low-temperature water extract at 50 °C (UPLW), a high-temperature water extract at 90 °C (UPHW), and a 70 % ethanol extract (UPE). Nontargeted chemical profiling using high-performance liquid chromatography-triple/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS) was conducted on the three UP extracts. Subsequently, α-glucosidase inhibitory (AGI) activity, glucose uptake, and the mRNA expression of sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) were evaluated in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Furthermore, an oral carbohydrate tolerance test was performed on C57BL/6 mice. The mice were orally administered UP at 300 mg/kg body weight (B.W.), and the blood glucose level and area under the curve (AUC) were measured. Compared with glucose, UPLW, UPHW and UPE significantly inhibited both glucose uptake and the mRNA expression of SGLT1 and GLUT2 in Caco-2 cell monolayers. After glucose, maltose, and sucrose loading, the blood glucose levels and AUC of the UPLW group were significantly lower than those of the control group. These findings suggest that UPLW has antihyperglycemic effects by regulating glucose uptake through glucose transporters and can be expected to alleviate postprandial hyperglycemia. Therefore, UPLW may have potential as a functional food ingredient for alleviating postprandial hyperglycemia.","['D000818', 'D007004', 'D044648', 'D010936', 'D006801', 'D018938', 'D008297', 'D008810', 'D001786', 'D051379', 'D051269', 'D051273', 'D065089', 'D053719', 'D002851', 'D000097342']"
38945572,Determination of key volatile fishy substances of sea cucumber powder during the processing and their removal by supercritical fluid extraction.,"More than 40 volatile compounds were detected in sea cucumber powder during the processing (through freeze-dried, desalination, supercritical fluid extraction and ultra-micro grinding) by multiple methods including e-nose, GC-IMS and GC-MS. It has been determined that aldehydes are the predominant volatile substances in the original freeze-dried sample, accounting for about 30 % of the total volatile substances. In addition, we established a supercritical fluid extraction strategy that could efficiently remove the aldehydes from the sea cucumber powder. GC-IMS and GC-MS showed that the relative content of aldehydes significantly decreased by 14 % and 28 %, respectively. Quantification of aldehydes using GC-MS showed a significant decrease in octanal from 927 µg/kg to 159 µg/kg. Further investigation combined with OAV analysis showed that 17 volatile substances in the freeze-dried sea cucumber powder were considered to be the predominant volatile compounds (OAV > 1).The primary fishy compounds found in sea cucumber powder were identified as hexanal, octanal, and an unidentified compound using GC-O, which can be effectively removed (OAV can't been estimated) by the supercritical fluid extraction strategy we established.","['D025924', 'D012616', 'D055549', 'D000818', 'D008401', 'D011208', 'D005511', 'D005612', 'D000447', 'D062609', 'D017747']"
38945558,Discovery and identification of natural alkaloids with potential to impact insulin resistance syndrome in Cyclocarya paliurus. (Batal) leaves by UPLC-QTOF-MS combined with HepG2 cells.,"Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) leaves, which contain a range of bioactive compounds, have been used as a traditional Chinese medicine homologous food since ancient times. However, there is a paucity of literature on comprehensive studies of alkaloids in the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.). For the first time, this study aimed to discover and identify alkaloids extracted from Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) leaves by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS). A total of ten alkaloids have been identified from Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) leaves based on accurate mass spectra (mass accuracy, isotopic spacing and distribution) and comparison to fragmentation spectra reported in the literature. In vitro, alkaloids alleviated insulin resistance by increasing glucose consumption and glycogen content in insulin resistance HepG2 cells. The RNA-seq and western blotting results showed that alkaloids could upregulate the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and increase the phosphorylation of insulin receptor protein kinase B (AKT). This study not only clarified the chemical constituents and revealed that diverse alkaloids also presented from Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) leaves, also, it will provide chemical information on potential compounds for developing new drugs.","['D018515', 'D000470', 'D007333', 'D056945', 'D006801', 'D002851', 'D029525', 'D053719', 'D010936', 'D051057']"
38945557,Thermally induced changes in the profiles of phytocannabinoids and other bioactive compounds in Cannabis sativa L. inflorescences.,"Phytocannabinoids occurring in Cannabis Sativa L. are unique secondary metabolites possessing interesting pharmacological activities. In this study, the dynamics of thermally induced (60 and 120 °C) phytocannabinoid reactions in four cannabis varieties were investigated. Using UHPLC-HRMS/MS, 40 phytocannabinoids were involved in target analysis, and an additional 281 compounds with cannabinoid-like structures and 258 non-cannabinoid bioactive compounds were subjected to suspect screening. As expected, the key reaction was the decarboxylation of acidic phytocannabinoids. Nevertheless, the rate constants differed among cannabis varieties, documenting the matrix-dependence of this process. Besides neutral counterparts of acidic species, ́neẃ bioactive compounds such as hydroxyquinones were found in heated samples. In addition, changes in other bioactive compounds with both cannabinoid-like and non-cannabinoid structures were documented during cannabis heating at 120 °C. The data document the complexity of heat-induced processes and provide a further understanding of changes in bioactivities occurring under such conditions.","['D002188', 'D002186', 'D006358', 'D056626', 'D002851', 'D053719', 'D010936', 'D064209']"
38944763,Changes in Health Care and Prescription Medication Affordability in the US During the COVID-19 Pandemic.,"In the US, the COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant rise in unemployment and economic loss that disproportionately impacted low-income individuals. It is unknown how health care and prescription medication affordability changed among low-income adults during the COVID-19 pandemic overall and compared with their higher-income counterparts.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D003430', 'D014481', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D012189', 'D000328', 'D055553', 'D011203', 'D007182', 'D000368', 'D006297', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D058873']"
38955693,[Interpretation of lymphoid proliferations and lymphomas associated with immune deficiency and dysregulation in the 5th edition WHO classification of haematolymphoid tumours].,"The fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lymphohematopoietic system tumors updated the terminology, types of lesions, diagnostic criteria, nomenclature, and other aspects of lymphoid proliferations and lymphomas associated with immune deficiency and dysregulation. The important updates and main changes in this section were briefly introduced, in order to guide the precise classification of lymphoid proliferations and lymphomas associated with immune deficiency and dysregulation, and standardize pathological reports.","['D006801', 'D014944', 'D008223', 'D008232', 'D007153', 'D009626', 'D019337']"
38955471,Development and Evaluation of a Community Advisory Board for Family Violence.,"Although intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important risk factor for child physical abuse, most IPV-exposed children are not evaluated for abusive injuries. A Community Advisory Board (CAB) was formed to (a) optimize a program to evaluate IPV-exposed children for abusive injuries and (b) inform research methods to engage IPV victims and their children. The objectives of this study were to implement and to evaluate the family violence CAB. Following best practices on CAB formation, we recruited local stakeholders with key roles as service providers, community leaders, and knowledge experts in IPV, child abuse, and emergency care. Fourteen members met bimonthly to develop a family-centered intervention and to inform research and advocacy activities. A shared memorandum of understanding outlined goals and objectives. One year after the CAB's implementation, a research assistant interviewed CAB members to understand their experiences, perceived benefits of participation, and desired improvements. Eleven CAB members, including an IPV survivor, participated. Emerging categories included (a) motivations to join the CAB (victim advocacy), (b) benefits of participation (development of relationships among members and increased acceptability of research methods), (c) facilitators of sustainability (program adaptability and development of trust), and (d) desired improvements (case-based follow-up). The CAB was successfully implemented and facilitated the development of collaborative relationships among stakeholders with key roles in IPV and child abuse. The CAB led to community member-proposed changes in research activities and clinical care for victims of IPV.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D026683', 'D002648', 'D000066511', 'D002649', 'D000328', 'D017579']"
38954703,Cost-effectiveness and benefits of perinatal health interventions in high-income settings: A protocol for a systematic review of economic evaluations.,"Despite ongoing efforts, perinatal morbidity and mortality persist across all settings, imposing a dual burden of clinical and economic strain. Besides, the fragmented nature of economic evidence on perinatal health interventions hinders the formulation of effective health policies. Our review aims to comprehensively and critically assess the economic evidence for such interventions in high-income countries, where the balance of health outcomes and fiscal prudence is paramount.","['D006801', 'D003362', 'D000078202', 'D011247', 'D005260', 'D018743', 'D019049']"
38954451,Manifestos for a safer NHS.,"John Tingle, Lecturer in Law, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham, discusses what stakeholders in health and patient safety want the next government to deliver.","['D013222', 'D006801', 'D006113', 'D061214']"
38954448,Key requirements for obtaining valid informed consent to treatment.,"Richard Griffith, Senior Lecturer in Health Law at Swansea University, discusses the importance of consent in nursing and outlines the key elements for ensuring the patient has given valid consent before providing treatment.","['D007258', 'D006801', 'D006113']"
38954441,Improving healthcare transition for young people with cancer: factors fundamental to the quality improvement journey.,"Young people receiving cancer treatment in the South Thames Children's, Teenagers' and Young Adults' Cancer Operational Delivery Network usually receive care across two or more NHS trusts, meaning transition into adult services can be challenging.","['D006801', 'D058996', 'D000293', 'D009369', 'D055815', 'D060305', 'D013222', 'D006113']"
38954112,A mixed methods evaluation of patient perspectives on the implementation of an electronic health record-integrated patient-reported symptom and needs monitoring program in cancer care.,"As cancer centers have increased focus on patient-centered, evidenced-based care, implementing efficient programs that facilitate effective patient-clinician communication remains critical. We implemented an electronic health record-integrated patient-reported symptom and needs monitoring program ('cPRO' for cancer patient-reported outcomes). To aid evaluation of cPRO implementation, we asked patients receiving care in one of three geographical regions of an academic healthcare system about their experiences.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D009369', 'D057286', 'D000071066', 'D000368', 'D017144', 'D036301', 'D018802', 'D000328']"
38954074,Achieving trifecta outcomes in robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy within a fellowship training centre.,"To assess the robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) trifecta rate within a fellowship program. Patients undergoing RAPN 01/01/2010-01/07/2023 were enrolled from a prospectively maintained database. All cases were performed jointly with surgical fellows, except when privately insured. Patients were excluded if they were converted to open or radical nephrectomy. The primary outcome was achieving the 'trifecta' of negative surgical margins, no complications < 30 days post-operatively and warm ischaemia time (WIT) < 25 min. The secondary outcomes were factors associated with trifecta success. Ethics approval was obtained. In the enrolment period, 355 patients underwent intended RAPN, of whom seven were excluded due to conversion to conversion to radical nephrectomy (6 patients) or conversion to open (one). Amongst the 348 eligible patients, median age was 60 years, 115 (33%) were female and 19 were private patients. WIT was < 25 min for 324/337 patients (96%), surgical margins were negative in 325 (93%), 294 (84%) were complication-free at 30 days and 301/320 (94%) had a < 30% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate at 3-6 months postoperatively. Subsequently, trifecta outcomes were achieved in 253/337 (75%) patients. Comparing with patients without those with trifecta success were similar in all thirteen measured patients and tumour factors. In a teaching hospital, with a fellowship training programme, trifecta outcome is achievable for most RAPN patients, and at a rate comparable to international standards. Fellowship centres should monitor their outcomes to ensure high patient outcomes are maintained alongside training requirements.","['D006801', 'D009392', 'D065287', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D008297', 'D005257', 'D016896', 'D007680', 'D000368', 'D000072662', 'D052096', 'D011183', 'D000328']"
38953828,"""My Health, My Right:"" There Is More to It than Meets the Eye.","The WHO's World Health Day 2024 slogan, ""My health, my right,"" has been unpacked through the lens of an evolving social epidemiological understanding. The operative part of the theme merely reiterates international positions that have been established for a long and is unable to adequately incorporate advances in the understanding of the central role that structural determinants play in the production of ill-health. Given the urgency of addressing Sustainable Development Goal and Universal Health Coverage goals, the reduction of health inequities through the promotion of social justice is as much a governance imperative as moral.","['D006801', 'D012935', 'D014943', 'D064890', 'D000080564', 'D014944', 'D000091682', 'D000076502', 'D019472']"
38953827,Plagiarism and Authorship Credit.,"Literature being an expression of an author, its commodification historically has assigned a value to it primarily in terms of authorship credit. Arguably reproducing published content without attributing the requisite source, termed as plagiarism is ethically discrediting to this premise. However, simply weighing its proportion based on digitally assigned semantic similarity may not be completely justifiable in the present-day digital atmosphere. It should be noted that while technology can facilitate plagiarism detection, digitization by way of providing greater access to published content is also the facilitator of plagiarism. While the scientific community is often severe in its approach toward the act of plagiarism, there is still a lack of clarity around the code of conduct of the same as there are several grey areas related to such a misconduct on which the law remains silent. By revisiting the historical evolution of the credit of authorship and the copyright law this piece presents an analytical vista pertaining to plagiarism in a different light. By identifying the gaps in the present-day handling of these age-old concepts, one may find that there is an unmet need to revisit the legal aspects of handling cases of plagiarism taking into consideration the digital environment.","['D015714', 'D001319', 'D006801', 'D003309', 'D015871']"
38953801,Challenges and Barriers Faced by People with TB and Healthcare Workers Providing TB Care and Management - A Qualitative Study.,"In tuberculosis (TB) care and management, there are practical challenges existing at the patient-provider level leading to implementation barriers at the primary care level.","['D006801', 'D036301', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D014376', 'D006282', 'D007194', 'D000328', 'D006297', 'D057545', 'D007407', 'D000086382', 'D005102', 'D055118']"
38953740,Experiences of patient organizations' involvement in medicine appraisal and reimbursement processes in Finland - a qualitative study.,This study investigated how patient representatives have experienced their involvement in medicines appraisal and reimbursement processes with the Council for Choices in Health Care in Finland (COHERE) and the Pharmaceuticals Pricing Board (PPB) and how authorities perceive the role of patient organizations' input.,"['D005387', 'D006801', 'D036301', 'D013673', 'D010358', 'D007407', 'D003657', 'D012051']"
38953676,[Not Available].,"Healthcare research emphasises involvement of patients in the research process, recognizing that this can enhance the relevance, quality, and implementation of research. This article highlights the need for more systematic planning to successfully involve patients in research projects and provides guidance on key aspects that researchers should consider in the planning of involving patients in research. The article accentuates the importance of establishing clear frameworks and guidelines to promote transparency and facilitate implementation.","['D006801', 'D010358', 'D035843', 'D006302', 'D012107']"
38953485,Optimizing the management of inherited blood disorders in a changing market: Findings from the AMCP Market Insights Program.,"In this market insights program, AMCP brought together a panel of experts representing various stakeholders: national and regional health plans, integrated health care systems, employer benefits groups, clinical experts, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and patient advocacy organizations. The objectives were to gain insights into the current and evolving treatments in hemophilia, sickle cell disease, and β-thalassemia; measure the effects of recently approved therapies on clinicians, payers, and patients; recognize emerging trends within the stop-loss market; address potential issues and obstacles related to monitoring and reporting outcomes; and identify concerns associated with both existing and emerging contracting and reimbursement models. This article aims to summarize expert perspectives on health care system challenges and strategies concerning the management of inherited blood disorders and to advance managed care professionals' understanding of their role in supporting care for these patients. The experts emphasized that when shaping coverage policies, a patient-centered approach is crucial, focusing on preserving organ function to maintain eligibility for future gene therapies among individuals with inherited blood disorders. These strategies, including benefit design modifications, specialized provider networks, and centralized mechanisms like registries, are vital for evaluating effectiveness, facilitating decision-making, and managing costs and risks associated with new and emerging treatment options for inherited blood disorders.","['D006801', 'D008329', 'D000755', 'D006467', 'D006402', 'D015316']"
38952730,Active aging and health among older adults in China: a perspective based on downward intergenerational economic support.,"In China, the rapid progression of population aging presents significant challenges to society and the economy, drawing widespread attention to the health conditions of older adults. While aging is often seen as a societal burden, the phenomenon of intergenerational economic support reveals the potential for older adults to continue playing an active role within their families. This study delves into how older parents' financial support to their children can reciprocally influence their own health, exploring the potential non-linear relationships involved.","['D006801', 'D002681', 'D000368', 'D008137', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D016901', 'D003430', 'D008875', 'D000375', 'D006304', 'D000369', 'D005378']"
38952729,"Tiny patients, huge impact: a call to action.","The continuation of high-quality care is under threat for the over 70 million children in the United States. Inequities between Medicaid and Medicare payments and the current procedural-based reimbursement model have resulted in the undervaluing of pediatric medical care and lack of prioritization of children's health by institutions. The number of pediatricians, including pediatric subspecialists, and pediatric healthcare centers are declining due to mounting financial obstacles and this crucial healthcare supply is no longer able to keep up with demand. The reasons contributing to these inequities are clear and rational: Medicaid has significantly lower rates of reimbursement compared to Medicare, yet Medicaid covers almost half of children in the United States and creates the natural incentive for medical institutions to prioritize the care of adults. Additionally, certain aspects of children's healthcare are unique from adults and are not adequately covered in the current payment model. The result of decades of devaluing children's healthcare has led to a substantial decrease in the availability of services, medications, and equipment needed to provide healthcare to children across the nation. Fortunately, the solution is just as clear as the problem: we must value the healthcare of children as much as that of adults by increasing Medicaid funding to be on par with Medicare and appreciate the complexities of care beyond procedures. If these changes are not made, the high-quality care for children in the US will continue to decline and increase strain on the overall healthcare system as these children age into adulthood.","['D006801', 'D014481', 'D008484', 'D006278', 'D002648', 'D011787', 'D002662', 'D054625', 'D006297']"
38952724,Validating self-reported Toxic Release Inventory data using Benford's Law: investigating toxic chemical release hazards in floodplains.,Acute and long-term health impacts from flooding related toxic chemical releases are a significant local health concern and can disproportionately impact communities with vulnerable populations; reliable release data are needed to quantify this hazard.,"['D006801', 'D057566', 'D014481', 'D055868', 'D014484', 'D055884', 'D015386']"
38952614,"The Peer Review Process: Past, Present, and Future.","The peer review process is a fundamental aspect of modern scientific paper publishing, underpinning essential quality control. First conceptualised in the 1700s, it is an iterative process that aims to elevate scientific literature to the highest standards whilst preventing publication of scientifically unsound, potentially misleading, and even plagiarised information. It is widely accepted that the peer review of scientific papers is an irreplaceable and fundamental aspect of the research process. However, the rapid growth of research and technology has led to a huge increase in the number of publications. This has led to increased pressure on the peer review system. There are several established peer review methodologies, ranging from single and double blind to open and transparent review, but their implementation across journals and research fields varies greatly. Some journals are testing entirely novel approaches (such as collaborative reviews), whilst others are piloting changes to established methods. Given the unprecedented growth in publication numbers, and the ensuing burden on journals, editors, and reviewers, it is imperative to improve the quality and efficiency of the peer review process. Herein we evaluate the peer review process, from its historical origins to current practice and future directions.","['D006801', 'D017712', 'D010380', 'D010506', 'D011643', 'D011786', 'D035843', 'D049674']"
38952429,Githinji Gitahi: developing resilient health systems for universal coverage.,Githinji Gitahi talks to Gary Humphreys about the value of cross-sectoral collaboration and health system assessment in the drive towards universal health coverage (UHC).,"['D019472', 'D006801', 'D003695', 'D014943']"
38952393,"Expert opinion on screening, diagnosis and management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a multidisciplinary approach.","The proposed expert opinion aimed to address the current knowledge on conceptual, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and to provide a guidance document to assist clinicians for the best practice in DPN care. The participating experts consider the suspicion of the disease by clinicians as a key factor in early recognition and diagnosis, emphasizing an improved awareness of the disease by the first-admission or referring physicians. The proposed ""screening and diagnostic"" algorithm involves the consideration of DPN in a patient with prediabetes or diabetes who presents with neuropathic symptoms and/or signs of neuropathy in the presence of DPN risk factors, with careful consideration of laboratory testing to rule out other causes of distal symmetric peripheral neuropathy and referral for a detailed neurological work-up for a confirmative test of either small or large nerve fiber dysfunction in atypical cases. Although, the first-line interventions for DPN are currently represented by optimized glycemic control (mainly for type 1 diabetes) and multifactorial intervention (mainly for type 2 diabetes), there is a need for individualized pathogenesis-directed treatment approaches for DPN. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) seems to be an important first-line pathogenesis-directed agent, given that it is a direct and indirect antioxidant that works with a strategy targeted directly against reactive oxygen species and indirectly in favor of endogenous antioxidant capacity for improving DPN conditions. There is still a gap in existing research in the field, necessitating well-designed, robust, multicenter clinical trials with sensitive endpoints and standardized protocols to facilitate the diagnosis of DPN via a simple and effective algorithm and to track progression of disease and treatment response. Identification of biomarkers/predictors that would allow an individualized approach from a potentially disease-modifying perspective may provide opportunities for novel treatments that would be efficacious in early stages of DPN, and may modify the natural course of the disease. This expert opinion document is expected to increase awareness among physicians about conceptual, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of DPN and to assist them in timely recognition of DPN and translating this information into their clinical practice for best practice in the management of patients with DPN.","['D006801', 'D003929', 'D005104', 'D019468', 'D008403', 'D003924']"
38952346,Establishing a Framework for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Vaccines Targeting National Vaccination Programs.,"The increasing number of vaccines and the complexity of immunization programs, along with continuous changes in the epidemiology of infectious diseases, necessitate a systematic approach to vaccine effectiveness (VE) evaluation. This study presents a preliminary survey to establish a VE evaluation framework in Korea, focusing on the National Immunization Program.","['D006801', 'D017589', 'D056910', 'D011795', 'D014612', 'D014611', 'D006291']"
38951849,The vacated space of volume/price of the drugs centralized procurement with quantity in secondary and above public hospitals of China.,"In 2018, the National Centralized Drug Procurement (NCDP) policy has been implemented in 11 provinces, and promoted across the country in 2019. The main feature of the policy is ""volume for price"", therefore, it is necessary to measure the price relationship, not only to reduce the price of drugs, reduce the burden of patients' medical costs, but also facilitate pharmaceutical companies to access enough innovation incentives. The aim of this study was to assess the vacated space effect of the drug centralized procurement by national organizations in exchange of price for quantity.","['D002681', 'D006801', 'D006779', 'D016527', 'D011682']"
38951819,Unmasking vaccine hesitancy and refusal: a deep dive into Anti-vaxxer perspectives on COVID-19 in Spain.,"At the time of the emergence of COVID-19, denialist and anti-vaccine groups have also emerged and are shaking public confidence in vaccination.","['D006801', 'D013030', 'D000086382', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D000086663', 'D000088823', 'D000072758', 'D008875', 'D017144', 'D036301', 'D000070377', 'D000368', 'D055815', 'D000086402']"
38951760,Exploring long-term cancer survivors' care experiences and unmet needs: protocol for a qualitative study.,"The number of cancer survivors has increased in recent decades, and the majority of them suffer from sequelae of their disease and treatment. This study, which is part of the larger research project OPTILATER, aims to explore different aspects of care services for long-term survivors (≥ 5 years after initial cancer diagnosis) in Germany. The study places an emphasis on the situation of people from different age groups, with different socio-demographic and cultural backgrounds, and sexually and gender diverse individuals.","['D006801', 'D000073116', 'D036301', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D017144', 'D009369', 'D005858', 'D006301', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D000368']"
38951325,A Time and Cost-Effective Pipeline for Expression Screening and Protein Production in Insect Cells Based on the HR-Bac Toolbox to Generate Recombinant Baculoviruses.,"The baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is recognized as a powerful platform for producing challenging proteins and multiprotein complexes both in academia and industry. Since a baculovirus was first used to produce heterologous human IFN-β protein in insect cells, the BEVS has continuously been developed and its applications expanded. We have recently established a multigene expression toolbox (HR-bac) composed of a set of engineered bacmids expressing a fluorescent marker to monitor virus propagation and a library of transfer vectors. Unlike platforms that rely on Tn7-medidated transposition for the construction of baculoviruses, HR-bac relies on homologous recombination, which allows to evaluate expression constructs in 2 weeks and is thus perfectly adapted to parallel expression screening. In this chapter, we detail our standard operating procedures for the preparation of the reagents, the construction and evaluation of baculoviruses, and the optimization of protein production for both intracellularly expressed and secreted proteins.","['D016367', 'D000818', 'D011994', 'D005822', 'D061987', 'D015870', 'D006801', 'D007313', 'D018411', 'D002460', 'D059765', 'D003362']"
38951044,Economic Burden of Medically Attended Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Among Privately Insured Children Under 5 Years of Age in the USA.,"The cost of medically attended RSV LRI (lower respiratory infection) is critical in determining the economic value of new RSV immunoprophylaxes. However, most studies have focused on intermittent RSV encounters, not the episode of care that captures the entirety of RSV illness.","['D006801', 'D018357', 'D007223', 'D002675', 'D014481', 'D017281', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D017048', 'D007348', 'D006760', 'D007231', 'D012141', 'D015994', 'D018113']"
38951007,"Respiratory support with standard low-flow oxygen therapy, high-flow oxygen therapy or continuous positive airway pressure in adults with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure in a resource-limited setting: protocol for a randomised, open-label, clinical trial - the Acute Respiratory Intervention StudiEs in Africa (ARISE-AFRICA) study.","Acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure (AHRF) is associated with high mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. This is at least in part due to critical care-related resource constraints including limited access to invasive mechanical ventilation and/or highly skilled acute care workers. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and high-flow oxygen by nasal cannula (HFNC) may prove useful to reduce intubation, and therefore, improve survival outcomes among critically ill patients, particularly in resource-limited settings, but data in such settings are lacking. The aim of this study is to determine whether CPAP or HFNC as compared with standard oxygen therapy, could reduce mortality among adults presenting with AHRF in a resource-limited setting.","['D006801', 'D045422', 'D010102', 'D012131', 'D011446', 'D014454', 'D000328', 'D000860', 'D016032', 'D015337', 'D000208', 'D000092943']"
38950306,FDA Breakthrough Therapy Designation Reduced Late-Stage Drug Development Time.,"The Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) breakthrough therapy designation (BTD) program was created to increase patient access to safe and effective therapies by supporting the efficient clinical development of qualifying, clinically meaningful therapies. Using a new data set of key development milestones for drugs approved between 2006 and 2020, including both BTD drugs and a set of comparator drugs identified by FDA experts, we estimated the BTD program's impact on time spent in late-stage clinical development, measured as the elapsed time between a drug's end-of-Phase-II meeting with regulators and its approval for marketing. Our analysis suggests that the BTD program lowers late-stage clinical development time by 30 percent. Our findings provide insight into future regulatory and innovation policies aimed at driving efficiency in medical product development to ensure timely patient access to the most clinically meaningful therapies.","['D014481', 'D014486', 'D017277', 'D006801', 'D000076722', 'D013997']"
38950305,The Effect Of Next Generation Accountable Care Organizations On Medicare Expenditures.,"The Next Generation Accountable Care Organization (NGACO) model (active during 2016-21) tested the effects of high financial risk, payment mechanisms, and flexible care delivery on health care spending and value for fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries. We used quasi-experimental methods to examine the model's effects on Medicare Parts A and B spending. Sixty-two ACOs with more than 4.2 million beneficiaries and more than 91,000 practitioners participated in the model. The model was associated with a $270 per beneficiary per year, or approximately $1.7 billion, decline in Medicare spending. After shared savings payments to ACOs were included, the model increased net Medicare spending by $56 per beneficiary per year, or $96.7 million. Annual declines in spending for the model grew over time, reflecting exit by poorer-performing NGACOs, improvement among the remaining NGACOs, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Larger declines in spending occurred among physician practice ACOs and ACOs that elected population-based payments and risk caps greater than 5 percent.","['D060866', 'D014481', 'D006801', 'D005102', 'D006278', 'D018588', 'D000086382', 'D017046']"
38950303,The Road To Value Can't Be Paved With A Broken Medicare Physician Fee Schedule.,"Value-based payment has been promoted for increasing quality, controlling spending, and improving patient and practitioner experience. Meanwhile, needed reforms to fee-for-service payment (the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule) have been ignored as policy makers seek to move payment toward alternatives, even though the fee schedule is an intrinsic part of Alternative Payment Models. In this article, we show how value-based payment and the fee schedule should be viewed as complementary, rather than as separate silos. We trace the origins of embedded flaws in the fee schedule that must be fixed if value-based payment is to succeed. These include payment distortions that directly compromise value by overpaying for certain procedures and imaging services while underpaying for services that add value for beneficiaries. We also show how the fee schedule can accommodate bundled payments and population-based payments that are central to Alternative Payment Models. We draw two conclusions. First, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services should correct misvalued services and establish a hybrid payment for primary care that blends fee-for-service and population-based payment. Second, Congress should alter the thirty-five-year-old statutory basis for setting Medicare fees to allow CMS to explicitly consider policy priorities such as workforce shortages in refining fee levels.","['D014481', 'D005245', 'D006278', 'D006801', 'D018588', 'D010820', 'D012051']"
38950301,"The COVID-19 Uninsured Program: Nearly 39 Million Vaccine Doses Were Funded, 2020-22.","The COVID-19 Uninsured Program, administered by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), reimbursed providers for administering COVID-19 vaccines to uninsured US adults from December 11, 2020, through April 5, 2022. Using HRSA claims data covering forty-two states, we estimated that the program funded about 38.9 million COVID-19 vaccine doses, accounting for 5.7 percent of total doses distributed and 10.9 percent of doses administered to adults ages 19-64.","['D006801', 'D017057', 'D014481', 'D000086382', 'D000328', 'D000086663', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D014488', 'D055815', 'D000086402', 'D017589']"
38950299,Overlap In Carriers And Networks In Medicaid And The Individual Marketplaces.,"As people lose Medicaid because of the end of the COVID-19 public health emergency, many states will route former Medicaid managed care enrollees into Affordable Care Act Marketplace coverage with the same carrier. In 2021, 52.1 percent of Medicaid managed care enrollees were enrolled by a carrier that also had a plan on the Marketplace in the same county.","['D008484', 'D014481', 'D006801', 'D058991', 'D062265', 'D000086382', 'D008329', 'D019458', 'D000086402', 'D007343', 'D008297', 'D005260']"
38950298,In-Home Health Risk Assessments And Chart Reviews Contribute To Coding Intensity In Medicare Advantage.,"There is widespread agreement that taxpayers pay more when Medicare beneficiaries are enrolled in Medicare Advantage (MA) plans than if those beneficiaries were enrolled in traditional Medicare. MA plans are paid on the basis of submitted diagnoses and thus have a clear incentive to encourage providers to find and report as many diagnoses for their enrollees as possible. Two mechanisms that MA plans use to identify diagnoses that are not available for beneficiaries in traditional Medicare are in-home health risk assessments and chart reviews. Using MA encounter data for 2015-20, I isolated the impact of these two types of encounters on the risk scores used for payments to MA plans during 2016-21. I found that encounter-based risk scores for MA enrollees were higher by 0.091 points, or 7.4 percent, in 2021 when in-home health risk assessments and chart reviews were included than they would have been without the use of these tools.","['D006801', 'D014481', 'D020398', 'D018570', 'D000368', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000369', 'D059019', 'D006699']"
38950295,Vaccine Politics.,A vaccine law and policy expert reflects on the dangers of the influence of politics on public health decision making.,"['D011057', 'D006801', 'D006291', 'D014612', 'D011634', 'D014481', 'D003657', 'D014611', 'D000086663', 'D011050']"
38950294,"Use Of High- And Low-Value Health Care Among US Adults, By Income, 2010-19.","Health care payment reforms in the US have aimed to encourage the use of high-value care while discouraging the use of low-value care. However, little is known about whether the use of high- and low-value care differs by income level. Using data from the 2010-19 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, we examined the use of specified types of high- and low-value care by income level. We found that high-income adults were significantly more likely than low-income adults to use nearly all types of high-value care. Findings were consistent across age categories, although differences by income level in the use of high-value care were smaller among the elderly. Our analysis of differences in the use of low-value care had mixed results. Among nonelderly adults, significant differences between those with high and low incomes were found for five of nine low-value services, and among elderly adults, significant differences by income level were found for three of twelve low-value services. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these disparities is crucial to developing effective policies and interventions to ensure equitable access to high-value care and discourage low-value services for all patients, regardless of income.","['D006801', 'D014481', 'D000328', 'D007182', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D005102', 'D055815', 'D000293']"
38950291,Emergency Department Visits And Hospital Capacity In The US: Trends In The Medicare Population During The COVID-19 Pandemic.,"Although emergency department (ED) and hospital overcrowding were reported during the later parts of the COVID-19 pandemic, the true extent and potential causes of this overcrowding remain unclear. Using data on the traditional fee-for-service Medicare population, we examined patterns in ED and hospital use during the period 2019-22. We evaluated trends in ED visits, rates of admission from the ED, and thirty-day mortality, as well as measures suggestive of hospital capacity, including hospital Medicare census, length-of-stay, and discharge destination. We found that ED visits remained below baseline throughout the study period, with the standardized number of visits at the end of the study period being approximately 25 percent lower than baseline. Longer length-of-stay persisted through 2022, whereas hospital census was considerably above baseline until stabilizing just above baseline in 2022. Rates of discharge to postacute facilities initially declined and then leveled off at 2 percent below baseline in 2022. These results suggest that widespread reports of overcrowding were not driven by a resurgence in ED visits. Nonetheless, length-of-stay remains higher, presumably related to increased acuity and reduced available bed capacity in the postacute care system.","['D014481', 'D004636', 'D006801', 'D000086382', 'D006278', 'D007902', 'D000368', 'D005260', 'D058873', 'D008297', 'D010351', 'D000086402', 'D006760', 'D006742', 'D018588', 'D003441', 'D000096924']"
38950163,Evaluating patient-reported adherence and outcomes in specialty disease states: A dual-site initiative.,Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are often used by clinicians to evaluate patient response to specialty medications used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) and rheumatologic conditions. Identifying associations among PROs and patient characteristics could inform patient-centered treatment monitoring.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000071066', 'D008875', 'D055118', 'D012189', 'D000328', 'D009103', 'D000368', 'D012216']"
38950162,Reducing disparities in medication use: Responding to managed care pharmacy's imperatives.,"Although disparities and inequities in health status and access to health care services have long existed in our nation, the COVID-19 pandemic cast a bright spotlight on them. Communities of color and socioeconomically disadvantaged populations were disproportionally affected by the pandemic. These same populations suffer from higher prevalences of chronic illnesses, which puts them at greater risk for poor outcomes associated with SARS-CoV-2. At long last, in the wake of the pandemic, the health care community began to acknowledge improving health equity as a public health imperative. In a November 2020 JMCP Viewpoints article, Dr Stephen Kogut of the University of Rhode Island College of Pharmacy presented an insightful analysis of disparities in medication use (DMU) and offered 4 suggestions on how the managed care pharmacy community can help eliminate DMU. This Viewpoints article assesses what progress has been made in addressing those imperatives and proposes further steps that should be taken. Although the managed care pharmacy community has broadly acknowledged the existence of DMU and taken steps to mitigate them, there is much work to do in examining and improving benefit design and coverage policies; collecting and reporting data on race and ethnicity and DMU; incorporating the perspectives of patients, including those representing minority populations, in benefit design and coverage policies; and addressing the challenges associated with traditional cost-sharing models. The entire managed care pharmacy community, including AMCP and other membership organizations, must remain steadfast in its efforts to improve health equity and eliminate DMU.","['D006801', 'D008329', 'D054625', 'D000086382', 'D010593', 'D006297', 'D000086402', 'D000069576', 'D014481']"
38950161,Racial and social inequities in medication use: A review of articles responding to the Journal of Managed Care + Specialty Pharmacy's Call to Action.,"This article provides a summary of Viewpoint and Research articles responding to the 2020 Journal of Managed Care + Specialty Pharmacy Call to Action to address racial and social inequities in medication use. We find great heterogeneity in terms of topic, clinical condition examined, and health disparity addressed. Common recommendations across Viewpoint articles include the need to increase racial and ethnic diversity in clinical trial participants, the need to address drug affordability and health insurance literacy, and the need to incentivize providers and plans to participate in diversity initiatives, such as the better capture of information on social determinants of health (SDOH) in claims data to be able to address SDOH needs. Across research articles, we also find a large range of approaches and study designs, spanning from randomized controlled trials to surveys to observational studies. These articles identify disparities in which minoritized beneficiaries are shown to be less likely to receive medications and vaccines, as well as less likely to be adherent to medications, across a variety of conditions. Finally, we discuss Healthy People 2030 as a potential framework for future health disparity researchers.","['D006801', 'D008329', 'D054625', 'D064890', 'D010593', 'D044469', 'D010506', 'D000091682']"
38950160,Cost-effectiveness of large-panel next-generation sequencing in guiding first-line treatment decisions for patients with nonsquamous advanced non-small cell lung cancer.,Clinical practice guidelines recommend broad-panel genomic profiling to identify actionable genomic alterations for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC).,"['D006801', 'D002289', 'D003362', 'D008175', 'D059014', 'D019057', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875']"
38950159,Clinical and economic evaluation of tralokinumab for atopic dermatitis.,"Tralokinumab is the first selective interleukin 13 inhibitor approved for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. This article reports the findings of a comprehensive literature review and extensive economic analysis to assess tralokinumab's safety, effectiveness, and cost. Evidence synthesis involved evaluating comparative effectiveness and conducting economic sensitivity analyses. This review was prepared by the University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy (AMCP) Student Chapter. The student author group won the AMCP National Pharmacy and Therapeutics competition for their tralokinumab product review in March 2023.","['D006801', 'D000911', 'D003362', 'D003876']"
38950154,Real-world economic burden associated with disease progression from metastatic castration-sensitive to castration-resistant prostate cancer on treatment in the United States.,"The advent of next-generation imaging will likely reduce nonmetastatic prostate cancer (PC) prevalence and increase identification of metastatic prostate cancer cases, resulting in two predominant advanced stages in the metastatic setting. There is a need to characterize changes in health care resource utilization (HRU) and costs when metastatic castration-sensitive PC (mCSPC) progresses to metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC) to identify value drivers from current and new treatments.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D064129', 'D018450', 'D014481', 'D000368', 'D017048', 'D008875', 'D017281', 'D012189', 'D000369', 'D009362', 'D012042']"
38950089,Antineoplastic Therapy Administration Safety Standards for Adult and Pediatric Oncology: ASCO-ONS Standards.,To update the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)-Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) standards for antineoplastic therapy administration safety in adult and pediatric oncology and highlight current standards for antineoplastic therapy for adult and pediatric populations with various routes of administration and location.,"['D006801', 'D000970', 'D000328', 'D002648', 'D009859', 'D009369', 'D061214', 'D005260', 'D014481', 'D008297', 'D012956']"
38950088,"Lower Income, Smoking, Cardiopulmonary Comorbidities, and Higher Symptom Burden Influence the Occurrence of Cough in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy.",To identify subgroups of patients with distinct cough occurrence profiles and evaluate for differences among these subgroups.,"['D006801', 'D003371', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D012907', 'D015897', 'D000328', 'D009369', 'D011795', 'D000970', 'D012307', 'D007182', 'D006331', 'D008171', 'D008175', 'D017281', 'D000096042']"
38950045,DarwinGSE: Towards better image retrieval systems for intellectual property datasets.,"A trademark's image is usually the first type of indirect contact between a consumer and a product or a service. Companies rely on graphical trademarks as a symbol of quality and instant recognition, seeking to protect them from copyright infringements. A popular defense mechanism is graphical searching, where an image is compared to a large database to find potential conflicts with similar trademarks. Despite not being a new subject, image retrieval state-of-the-art lacks reliable solutions in the Industrial Property (IP) sector, where datasets are practically unrestricted in content, with abstract images for which modeling human perception is a challenging task. Existing Content-based Image Retrieval (CBIR) systems still present several problems, particularly in terms of efficiency and reliability. In this paper, we propose a new CBIR system that overcomes these major limitations. It follows a modular methodology, composed of a set of individual components tasked with the retrieval, maintenance and gradual optimization of trademark image searching, working on large-scale, unlabeled datasets. Its generalization capacity is achieved using multiple feature descriptions, weighted separately, and combined to represent a single similarity score. Images are evaluated for general features, edge maps, and regions of interest, using a method based on Watershedding K-Means segments. We propose an image recovery process that relies on a new similarity measure between all feature descriptions. New trademark images are added every day to ensure up-to-date results. The proposed system showcases a timely retrieval speed, with 95% of searches having a 10 second presentation speed and a mean average precision of 93.7%, supporting its applicability to real-word IP protection scenarios.","['D018973', 'D006801', 'D016247', 'D016208', 'D000465', 'D007091']"
38950014,Analysis of energy consumption and change structure in major economic sectors of Pakistan.,"Studying and analyzing energy consumption and structural changes in Pakistan's major economic sectors is crucial for developing targeted strategies to improve energy efficiency, support sustainable economic growth, and enhance energy security. The logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method is applied to find the factors' effects that change sector-wise energy consumption from 1990 to 2019. The results show that: (1) the change in mixed energy and sectorial income shows a negative influence, while energy intensity (EI) and population have an increasing trend over the study period. (2) The EI effects of the industrial, agriculture and transport sectors are continuously rising, which is lowering the income potential of each sector. (3) The cumulative values for the industrial, agricultural, and transport sectors increased by 57.3, 5.3, and 79.7 during 2019. Finally, predicted outcomes show that until 2035, the industrial, agriculture, and transport incomes would change by -0.97%, 13%, and 65% if the energy situation remained the same. Moreover, this sector effect is the most crucial contributor to increasing or decreasing energy consumption, and the EI effect plays the dominant role in boosting economic output. Renewable energy technologies and indigenous energy sources can be used to conserve energy and sectorial productivity.","['D010154', 'D000383', 'D057217', 'D006801', 'D004736', 'D059205', 'D007221', 'D007182']"
38949999,An analysis of NHS 111 demand for primary care services: A retrospective cohort study.,"The NHS 111 service triages over 16,650,745 calls per year and approximately 48% of callers are triaged to a primary care disposition, such as a telephone appointment with a general practitioner (GP). However, there has been little assessment of the ability of primary care services to meet this demand. If a timely service cannot be provided to patients, it could result in patients calling 999 or attending emergency departments (ED) instead. This study aimed to explore the patient journey for callers who were triaged to a primary care disposition, and the ability of primary care services to meet this demand. We obtained routine, retrospective data from the Connected Yorkshire research database, and identified all 111 calls between the 1st January 2021 and 31st December 2021 for callers registered with a GP in the Bradford or Airedale region of West Yorkshire, who were triaged to a primary care disposition. Subsequent healthcare system access (111, 999, primary and secondary care) in the 72 hours following the index 111 call was identified, and a descriptive analysis of the healthcare trajectory of patients was undertaken. There were 56,102 index 111 calls, and a primary care service was the first interaction in 26,690/56,102 (47.6%) of cases, with 15,470/26,690 (58%) commenced within the specified triage time frame. Calls to 999 were higher in the cohort who had no prior contact with primary care (58% vs 42%) as were ED attendances (58.2% vs 41.8), although the proportion of avoidable ED attendances was similar (10.5% vs 11.8%). Less than half of 111 callers triaged to a primary care disposition make contact with a primary care service, and even when they do, call triage time frames are frequently not met, suggesting that current primary care provision cannot meet the demand from 111.","['D006801', 'D011320', 'D012189', 'D014218', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D013222', 'D000293', 'D004636', 'D055815', 'D006301', 'D002648', 'D007223', 'D002675', 'D000369', 'D006297']"
38949905,Evolution of HIV Health Care Workforce Needs in the U.S. Mountain West During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Method Study.,"The COVID-19 pandemic drastically affected health care delivery for vulnerable populations. Many facilities shifted services to telemedicine, and people with HIV or at risk of acquiring HIV experienced interruptions in care. Simultaneously, traditional training approaches to help providers adapt were disrupted. Using a mixed method approach to examine changes over time, we integrated data on trainee needs collected by the Mountain West AIDS Education and Training Center (AETC): a 10-state needs assessment survey in 2020; feedback from a 2020 community of practice; aggregate training data from 2000 to 2022; and a second survey in 2022. HIV care providers' training needs evolved from wanting support on telemedicine and COVID-19 patient care issues, to a later focus on mental health and substance use, social determinants of health, and care coordination. This integrative analysis demonstrates the vital role that AETCs can play in addressing evolving and emergent public health challenges for the HIV workforce.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D015658', 'D020380', 'D006282', 'D000086402', 'D017216', 'D006280', 'D014481', 'D058873', 'D003695', 'D006301', 'D011795', 'D005260', 'D008297']"
38949795,The Status of Nephrology Nursing - Views from Nephrology Nurse Leaders.,"To better understand the current status of nephrology nursing in the United States, nephrology nurse leaders from the American Nephrology Nurses Association and the leading nephrology care provider organizations were asked their perceptions of pressing issues facing nephrology nurses. Each described their experiences and how they are handling the challenges and opportunities in their respective organizations.","['D064647', 'D006801', 'D014481', 'D007857', 'D012956', 'D009718']"
38949779,"Correction to ""Defining racial allies: A qualitative investigation of White allyship from the perspective of people of color"" by Hinger et al. (2023).","Reports an error in ""Defining racial allies: A qualitative investigation of White allyship from the perspective of people of color"" by Cassandra L. Hinger, Cirleen DeBlaere, Rebecca Gwira, Michelle Aiello, Arash Punjwani, Laura Cobourne, Ngoc Tran, Madison Lord, Jordan Mike and Carlton Green (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2023[Nov], Vol 70[6], 631-644). An additional citation was added for the structure of the definition of White allies in the second paragraph of the introduction. The online version of this article has been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2024-23216-002.) While interdisciplinary scholars and activists urge White allies to engage in racial justice work led by the voices of Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC), to date, most research on racial allyship has centered exclusively on the perspective of White allies themselves. Thus, the purpose of this study was to create a framework of racial allyship from the perspective of BIPOC. Utilizing constructivist grounded theory (Charmaz, 2014), focus groups were conducted to understand how BIPOC describe the knowledge, skills, and actions of White allies. Participants across eight focus groups described allyship as an ongoing interpersonal process that included a lifelong commitment to (a) building trust, (b) engaging in antiracist action, (c) critical awareness, (d) sociopolitical knowledge, (e) accountability, and (f) communicating and disseminating information. The findings of this study point to several avenues through which White counseling psychologists can incorporate racial allyship in their research, training, clinical, and advocacy work that align with our field's emphasis on social justice, multiculturalism, and prevention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D036301', 'D008297', 'D063505', 'D044465', 'D012935', 'D008875']"
38949764,The effect of confession evidence on jurors' verdict decisions: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Over the past 4 decades, discrepant research findings have emerged in the juror-confession literature, prompting the need for a systematic review and meta-analysis that assesses the effect of confession evidence (coerced or noncoerced) on conviction rates and the efficacy of trial safeguards.","['D006801', 'D003068', 'D003416', 'D003657', 'D005104', 'D014342']"
38949664,"Did the COVID-19 quarantine policies applied in Cochabamba, Bolivia mitigated cases successfully? an interrupted time series analysis.","The COVID-19 pandemic prompted varied policy responses globally, with Latin America facing unique challenges. A detailed examination of these policies' impacts on health systems is crucial, particularly in Bolivia, where information about policy implementation and outcomes is limited.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D001838', 'D011790', 'D065186', 'D000086402', 'D006291', 'D000086742', 'D058873']"
38956213,The severity of dry eye symptoms and risk factors among university students in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.,"Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a tear film disorder caused by increased tear evaporation or decreased production. The heavy workload on the eye and the increased usage of digital screens may decrease blink frequency, leading to an increased evaporation rate and an upsurge in the incidence and severity of DES. This study aims to assess the severity of DES symptoms and the risk factors among university students. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Umm AlQura University to evaluate the severity of DES among students and explore its potential association with digital screen use. Validated questionnaires were used to assess the severity of DES and digital screen usage. The study included 457 participants, of which 13% had symptoms suggestive of severe DES. Furthermore, multiple risk factors had a significant association with the severity of DES, including gender, use of monitor filters, monitor and room brightness, and smoking habits. DES symptoms were prevalent among university students, particularly female students. Although there was no significant association with the duration of screen usage and collage distribution. Other factors however, such as the usage of screen monitors and the brightness of both the monitor and the room, were significantly associated with the severity of DES symptoms.","['D006801', 'D015352', 'D005260', 'D012529', 'D008297', 'D013334', 'D003430', 'D012307', 'D014495', 'D055815', 'D000328', 'D011795', 'D012720', 'D000293', 'D015995']"
38956112,Real-Time multifaceted artificial intelligence vs In-Person instruction in teaching surgical technical skills: a randomized controlled trial.,"Trainees develop surgical technical skills by learning from experts who provide context for successful task completion, identify potential risks, and guide correct instrument handling. This expert-guided training faces significant limitations in objectively assessing skills in real-time and tracking learning. It is unknown whether AI systems can effectively replicate nuanced real-time feedback, risk identification, and guidance in mastering surgical technical skills that expert instructors offer. This randomized controlled trial compared real-time AI feedback to in-person expert instruction. Ninety-seven medical trainees completed a 90-min simulation training with five practice tumor resections followed by a realistic brain tumor resection. They were randomly assigned into 1-real-time AI feedback, 2-in-person expert instruction, and 3-no real-time feedback. Performance was assessed using a composite-score and Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills rating, rated by blinded experts. Training with real-time AI feedback (n = 33) resulted in significantly better performance outcomes compared to no real-time feedback (n = 32) and in-person instruction (n = 32), .266, [95% CI .107 .425], p < .001; .332, [95% CI .173 .491], p = .005, respectively. Learning from AI resulted in similar OSATS ratings (4.30 vs 4.11, p = 1) compared to in-person training with expert instruction. Intelligent systems may refine the way operating skills are taught, providing tailored, quantifiable feedback and actionable instructions in real-time.","['D006801', 'D002983', 'D001185', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D000066908']"
38955725,[Educational attainment increases the risk of developing allergic rhinitis and (or) eczema: a Mendelian randomization study based on genome-wide association studies in European patients].,"Objective: To determine the causal relationship between educational attainment and the risk of allergic rhinitis and (or) eczema using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Methods: This study was a secondary data analysis based on the summary data of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which involved 293 723 participants (educational attainment) from the Social Science Genetics Association Consortium and 462 013 participants [allergic rhinitis and (or) eczema] from the UK Biobank. Genetic variants that were closely related to educational attainment were identified as instrumental variables. Two-sample MR analyses, including inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median method and weighted model-based estimation, were performed to investigate the causal relationship between educational attainment and the risk of allergic rhinitis and (or) eczema, in which the odds ratio (OR) values were used as indicators. Results: A total of 70 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were chosen as instrumental variables. The MR-Egger regression results suggested that the genetic pleiotropy was unlikely to bias our results (P=0.107). In the univariable MR analyses, IVW regression showed that the risk of allergic rhinitis and (or) eczema was OR=1.044 (95%CI: 1.020-1.069, P<0.001) and OR=1.170 (95%CI: 1.074-1.256, P<0.001), respectively, for the increase in the duration of education by one year or one standard deviation (SD) (3.71 years). In the reverse MR analysis, IVW regression showed little evidence that allergic rhinitis and (or) eczema affected educational attainment (OR=1.020, 95%CI: 0.927-1.023, P=0.683). The results of the weighted median method and weighted mode-based estimation were consistent with the results of IVW. Conclusion: This study suggests that there is a positive causal relationship between educational attainment and the risk of allergic rhinitis and (or) eczema, which means that educational attainment can increase the occurrence of allergic rhinitis and (or) eczema.","['D006801', 'D055106', 'D057182', 'D065631', 'D020641', 'D004485', 'D004522', 'D012307', 'D020022']"
38956355,Research on the influencing factors of promoting flipped classroom teaching based on the integrated UTAUT model and learning engagement theory.,"With the rapid advancement of educational technology, the flipped classroom approach has garnered considerable attention owing to its potential for enhancing students' learning capabilities. This research delves into the flipped classroom teaching methodology, employing the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), learning engagement theory, and the 4C skills (comprising communication, collaboration, creativity, and critical thinking) to investigate its effects on learning capabilities. The research surveyed 413 students from three universities in Jiangxi Province, employing stratified random sampling. SPSS 24.0 and Amos were used for structural equation modeling and hypothesis testing analysis. The findings indicate that: (1) Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and peer influence significantly enhance students' learning engagement in the flipped classroom. (2) Students' learning engagement in the flipped classroom notably promotes their learning capabilities. (3) Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and peer influence can significantly boost learning capabilities by increasing learning engagement. (4) Personality traits significantly moderate the effect of peer influence on learning engagement, highlighting the crucial role of individual differences in learning. (5) The level of students' learning engagement is differentially influenced by performance expectancy and peer influence across various academic disciplines. Ultimately, this research provides valuable insights for educational policymakers and guides improvements in teaching practices, collectively advancing educational quality and equity.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D013334', 'D007858', 'D013663', 'D014495', 'D018794', 'D055815', 'D017145', 'D018961', 'D011795']"
38955737,[Exploring implementation strategies for healthy longevity among the elderly population in China based on the delphi method].,"Objective: To explore the implementation strategies for promoting healthy longevity among the elderly population in China based on the Delphi method. Methods: Through literature review and expert discussion, a framework for implementation strategies to achieve healthy longevity among the elderly was determined, and a preliminary checklist of implementation strategies was developed. The Delphi method was employed from August to December 2022, inviting 25 experts from various disciplines such as clinical medicine, public health, basic research, and the elderly care services industry. Experts were sent consultation questionnaires via email to assess the importance, feasibility, judgment basis and familiarity of each implementation strategy. Active coefficient, authority coefficient, and harmony coefficient were analyzed to ultimately determine the important and feasible implementation strategies for healthy longevity that were suitable for the Chinese elderly population. Results: The expert active coefficients of the two rounds were 96.00% (24/25) and 79.17% (19/24). The authority coefficients were (0.76±0.19) and (0.77±0.17). The average scores of importance were (4.32±0.84) and (4.36±0.82), and the corresponding scores of feasibility were (3.72±1.04) and (3.80±0.92). The harmony coefficients for the importance score were 0.269 (χ2=594.084, P<0.001) and 0.159 (χ2=193.624, P<0.001). The harmony coefficients for feasibility scores were 0.205 (χ2=452.008, P<0.001) and 0.167 (χ2=202.878, P<0.001). The final eight implementation strategies were identified after two rounds of consultation. Conclusion: Through two rounds of Delphi consultations, eight important and feasible implementation strategies for promoting healthy longevity that are suitable for the Chinese context have been proposed.","['D003697', 'D006801', 'D008136', 'D000368', 'D002681', 'D011795', 'D006293']"
38954453,Feasibility of implementing a remote system for lymphoedema conservative therapy: a case study.,"Poor access to lymphoedema specialists and communication between them and patients prevents appropriate lymphoedema management. Therefore, development and dissemination of remote systems is necessary to improve care in rural areas with limited medical personnel or access to medical coordination.","['D006801', 'D008209', 'D005240', 'D000072700', 'D005260', 'D010353']"
38954442,Supporting students to return to study following course interruption (SuTuRe).,"The pre-registration BSc Nursing course in the UK is renowned for being challenging due to its requirement for 2300 hours each for theoretical and practice-based learning. It is therefore inevitable that some students may need to interrupt their study at some point during the course. In many cases, these students do not return and leave the course, which has an impact on the future nursing workforce.","['D006801', 'D013338', 'D004508', 'D004739', 'D005260']"
38954440,Nursing students' engagement in online learning.,"Reliance on digital technology may have implications for our social and economic wellbeing, including factors such as health, environmental quality, social interaction, and educational levels. Although there may be concerns, it is important to acknowledge that digital technology also offers immediate, cost-effective and accessible solutions that are transforming various services. The COVID-19 pandemic, through the disruption of educational systems worldwide, has accelerated the transformation of higher education, leading to changes in the way it is perceived. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding the relationship between digital poverty, digital literacy, and students' online experiences. This article aims to explore the engagement of nursing students in online learning post COVID.","['D006801', 'D020375', 'D013338', 'D000086382']"
38954411,Early school leaving in Spain: a longitudinal analysis by gender.,"Spain is one of the eight EU-27 countries that failed to reduce early school leaving (ESL) below 10% in 2020, and now faces the challenge of achieving a rate below 9% by 2030. The determinants of this phenomenon are usually studied using cross-sectional data at the micro level and without differentiation by gender. In this study, we analyse it for the first time for Spain using panel data (between 2002 and 2020), taking into account the high regional inequalities at the macroeconomic level and the masculinisation of the phenomenon. The results show a positive relationship between ESL and socio-economic variables such as the adolescent fertility rate, immigration, unemployment or the weight of the industrial and construction sectors in the regional economy, with significant gender differences that invite us to discuss educational policies. Surprisingly, youth unemployment has only small but significant impact on female ESL.","['D006801', 'D013030', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000293', 'D008137', 'D012737', 'D012959', 'D014478', 'D003430', 'D012574', 'D013332', 'D055815']"
38953806,"Effectiveness of Group Health Education on ""Perceived Stress"" among High-School Children of Kolar: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.","Adolescents are exposed to various psycho-physiological stressors due to rapid changes in their bodies along with increased academic pressure, peer pressure, and pressures from other sources of society. Group health education sessions in schools could have a positive outcome in not only the way they perceive stress but also tackle it efficiently.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000293', 'D008297', 'D013315', 'D006266', 'D007194', 'D013334']"
38952723,Construction of PARI public health education programs for Chinese undergraduates: a Delphi study.,The objective of this study is to develop a consensus among experts on a comprehensive and scientifically sound physical activity-related injuries (PARI) public health education program specifically tailored for undergraduates.,"['D006801', 'D003697', 'D002681', 'D011634', 'D015444', 'D006266', 'D003479', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000095225']"
38952266,Towards a flexible and personalised development of veterinarians and veterinary nurses working in a companion animal referral care setting.,"In the Netherlands, the demand for veterinarians and veterinary nurses (VNs) working within referral care is rapidly growing and currently exceeds the amount of available board-certified specialists. Simultaneously, a transparent structure to guide training and development and to assess quality of non-specialist veterinarians and VNs working in a referral setting is lacking. In response, we developed learning pathways guided by an entrustable professional activity (EPA) framework and programmatic assessment to support personalised development and competence of veterinarians and VNs working in referral settings. Between 4 and 35 EPAs varying per discipline (n = 11) were developed. To date, 20 trainees across five disciplines have been entrusted. Trainees from these learning pathways have proceeded to acquire new EPAs in addition to their already entrusted set of EPAs or progressed to specialist training during (n = 3) or after successfully completing (n = 1) the learning pathway. Due to their outcome-based approach, the learning pathways support flexible ways of development.","['D009426', 'D018634', 'D000818', 'D017750', 'D004520', 'D012017', 'D057805', 'D002983', 'D006801']"
38952223,"Examination-related anticipatory levels of dehydroepiandrosterone and cortisol predict positive affect, examination marks and support-seeking in college students.","Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and cortisol release appear to have contrasting effects on stress perception during stressful tasks. This study aimed to investigate anticipatory examination stress in college students by considering DHEA, cortisol, psycho-emotional aspects and examination performance. Seventy-six students (66 females, 10 males; age range 18-25 years) provided saliva samples and completed questionnaires in two sessions 48 hours apart. During the second session, the students performed the examination. The questionnaires used were the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, and the Brief-Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory. DHEA, cortisol, anxiety and negative affect showed an anticipatory rise before the examination (all ps < 0.001). This rise of DHEA and cortisol was associated with lower positive affect (p = 0.001 and p = 0.043, respectively). However, only the DHEA anticipatory levels were linked to poorer examination marks (p = 0.020). Higher levels of the DHEA/cortisol ratio in anticipation of the examination were related to lower scores on the support-seeking strategy (p = 0.022). There was no association between DHEA and cortisol levels and anxiety, negative affect, active and avoidant coping strategies, or academic record. These results suggest that how DHEA and cortisol respond in anticipation of examination stress significantly impacts students' emotional well-being during examination periods and how they cope with stress. They also suggest that levels of DHEA in anticipation of an academic stressor have detrimental effects on stress management.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D006854', 'D003687', 'D055815', 'D013334', 'D000328', 'D000293', 'D012463', 'D013315', 'D000339', 'D001007', 'D000223', 'D011795', 'D059031', 'D014495']"
38952098,"[Practice and exploration of ""scientific research back-feeding teaching"" in Medical Immunology teaching].","Medical immunology is an important link between basic experiments and clinical applications, and it is also the intersection of many cutting-edge disciplines. At present, there are still limitations in immunology teaching such as single teaching methods and insufficient scientific research training for students. Department of Immunology has implemented practice and exploration of ""scientific research back-feeding teaching"" in medical immunology course. By incorporating scientific research into teaching activities, the team has carried out teaching practice through scientific research platforms, enriched teaching content with scientific research progress, conducted scientific research activities to stimulate students' interest, which not only increase students' inner drive, improves teaching efficiency, and leads to a ""win-win"" situation of teaching and scientific research, but also contributes to training medical innovative talents who can shoulder the heavy responsibility of the country.","['D006801', 'D000486', 'D013663', 'D004501', 'D035843']"
38952022,Use of Multiple-Choice Items in Summative Examinations: Questionnaire Survey Among German Undergraduate Dental Training Programs.,"Multiple-choice examinations are frequently used in German dental schools. However, details regarding the used item types and applied scoring methods are lacking.","['D005858', 'D006801', 'D011795', 'D004521', 'D004497', 'D012575']"
38952000,Syndromic Surveillance Tracks COVID-19 Cases in University and County Settings: Retrospective Observational Study.,"Syndromic surveillance represents a potentially inexpensive supplement to test-based COVID-19 surveillance. By strengthening surveillance of COVID-19-like illness (CLI), targeted and rapid interventions can be facilitated that prevent COVID-19 outbreaks without primary reliance on testing.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D012189', 'D014495', 'D018571']"
38951888,Reflexivity and positionality applied to medical practice: a study on implicit gender bias with medical students in a Swiss university.,"An array of evidence shows how the presence of implicit bias in clinical encounters can negatively impact provider-patient communication, quality of care and ultimately contribute to health inequities. Reflexive practice has been explored as an approach to identify and address implicit bias in healthcare providers, including medical students. At the Lausanne School of Medicine, a clinically integrated module was introduced in 2019 to raise students' awareness of gender bias in medical practice using a reflexivity and positionality approach. The purpose of this study is to describe the gender bias that were identified by medical students, analysing their types, places and modes of emergence during a clinical encounter. It further explores how positionality supported students' reflection on the way in which social position modulates their relationship to patients.","['D006801', 'D063507', 'D013337', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D013557', 'D011795', 'D010817', 'D014495', 'D000328', 'D003142']"
38951844,Evaluation of Turkish dentists' knowledge about oral cancer and oral mucosal lesions.,"Oral cancer, including malignancies of the tongue, lips, floor of the mouth, cheek mucosa, gums, palate, and oropharynx, is life-threatening. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for long-term survival. Dentists frequently encounter oral cancers due to the nature of their work. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and experience of dentists in Turkey regarding oral cancers.","['D006801', 'D014421', 'D009062', 'D003815', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D007722', 'D011795', 'D002983', 'D009061']"
38951842,Laboratory animal ethics education improves medical students' awareness of laboratory animal ethics.,"In this study, we added laboratory animal ethics education into both didactic sessions and practical sessions the general surgery laboratory course, with the didactic sessions focus on teaching the fundamental principles of laboratory animal ethics, while the practical sessions emphasize the application of these principles in laboratory classes and have assessed the changes in medical students' perception of laboratory animal ethics following medical students exposure to such education.","['D006801', 'D013337', 'D000818', 'D004504', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D003479', 'D000830', 'D011795', 'D007756', 'D000827', 'D032761', 'D002681', 'D004521', 'D055815', 'D001364']"
38951834,Examining the relationship between physical literacy and resilience against COVID-19-induced negative mental states in Chinese adolescents.,"Research indicates that COVID-19 has had adverse effects on the mental health of adolescents, exacerbating their negative psychological states. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of Physical Literacy (PL) on Negative Mental State caused by COVID-19 (NMSC) and identify potential factors related to NMSC and PL in Chinese adolescents. This cross-sectional study involved a total of 729 Chinese high school students with an average age of 16.2 ± 1.1 years. Participants' demographic data, PL data, and NMSC data were collected. PL and NMSC were measured using the self-reported Portuguese Physical Literacy Assessment Questionnaire (PPLA-Q), the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 (SAVE-6), and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19). Adolescents in the current study demonstrated higher levels of NMSC and lower PL, with average scores of 3.45 and 2.26, respectively (on a scale of 5). Through multiple linear regression analysis, Motivation (MO), Confidence (CO), Emotional Regulation (ER), and Physical Regulation (PR) were identified as factors influencing NMSC in adolescents. The study findings contribute to providing guidance for actions aimed at alleviating NMSC among adolescents.","['D000293', 'D005260', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D002681', 'D000086382', 'D003430', 'D000095225', 'D057220', 'D008603', 'D055500', 'D011795']"
38951824,A school-based food and nutrition education intervention increases nutrition-related knowledge and fruit consumption among primary school children in northern Ghana.,"Providing children with the opportunity to learn about nutrition is critical in helping them establish a healthy lifestyle and eating behaviours that would remain with them till adulthood. We determined the effect of a school-based food and nutrition education (SFNE) intervention on the nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes, dietary habits, physical activity levels and the anthropometric indices (BMI-for-age z scores, %Body fat and waist circumference) of school-age children in northern Ghana.","['D006801', 'D005869', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D002648', 'D007722', 'D005638', 'D006266', 'D012572', 'D005247', 'D012574']"
38951815,Health literacy - study protocol for LiSa cohort study.,"Health literacy is the degree to which individuals have the ability to find, understand, and use information and services to inform health-related decisions and actions for themselves and others, whether at home, at the workplace, in the community, marketplace, healthcare sector, or the political arena. The main aim of this project is to measure health literacy in the adult population living in the municipality of Leiria over the next 10 years. As secondary objectives it is intended to characterize anxiety and depression, metabolic risk and health behaviors in the same population and over the same period.","['D006801', 'D057220', 'D000328', 'D011446', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D011174', 'D015438', 'D003863', 'D000368', 'D055815', 'D001007', 'D015331', 'D000293', 'D012107']"
38951784,Optimizing placebo and minimizing nocebo effects through communication: e-learning and virtual reality training development.,"The effects of many treatments in healthcare are determined by factors other than the treatment itself. Patients' expectations and the relationship with their healthcare provider can significantly affect treatment outcomes and thereby play a major role in eliciting placebo and nocebo effects. We aim to develop and evaluate an innovative communication training, consisting of an e-learning and virtual reality (VR) training, for healthcare providers across all disciplines, to optimize placebo and minimize nocebo effects through healthcare provider-patient communication. The current paper describes the development, mid-term evaluation, optimization, and final evaluation of the communication training, conducted in The Netherlands.","['D006801', 'D000076142', 'D015990', 'D064786', 'D003142', 'D009426', 'D006282', 'D010817', 'D003194', 'D005260']"
38951781,Women's health at work: a qualitative study on women's health issues in relation to work participation. Experiences and perspectives from female teachers and managers in Norwegian high schools.,"Public health and working life are closely related. Even though Norway is one of the world's most equality-oriented countries, working life is still divided by gender. Women have a lower rate of participation in working life than men, they work more part-time and they have a higher sickness absence. Research has mostly focused on structural and cultural reasons for gender differences, rather than on the fact that women and men have different biology and face different health challenges. The aim of this project was to explore experienced associations between women's health and female participation in working life.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D009664', 'D036301', 'D016387', 'D000328', 'D000070777', 'D008875', 'D017144', 'D007407', 'D016272', 'D012574', 'D017132']"
38951776,"Employing students' evaluations and tutors' perceptions to evaluate a faculty development program on problem-based learning at the Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University.","Faculty development programs are crucial for promoting continuous learning, enhancing teaching effectiveness, and encouraging professional growth among medical educators. Problem-based learning was introduced as a teaching strategy in our Faculty of Medicine in 2007. Thereafter, several rounds of a faculty development program were conducted to help teachers recognize their role as facilitators and assess areas for improvement.","['D006801', 'D005180', 'D018794', 'D013337', 'D017144', 'D013192', 'D012529', 'D011795', 'D015397', 'D004504', 'D005260', 'D008297']"
38951771,The effect of breastfeeding education given through the teach-back method on mothers' breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding success: a randomized controlled study.,"An individualized education using visual aids, allowing the woman to demonstrate what she has learned, and providing the opportunity for the woman to ask questions are important in terms of breastfeeding self-efficacy, breastfeeding success, and the sustainability of the education. This study is original in evaluating the effectiveness and sustainability of breastfeeding education provided through the teach-back method in terms of breastfeeding self-efficacy and success in a short period of time. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the impact of teach-back method on mothers' breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding success.","['D006801', 'D001942', 'D005260', 'D020377', 'D000328', 'D009035', 'D014421', 'D010353', 'D055815']"
38951562,Complex artificial intelligence models for energy sustainability in educational buildings.,"Energy consumption of constructed educational facilities significantly impacts economic, social and environment sustainable development. It contributes to approximately 37% of the carbon dioxide emissions associated with energy use and procedures. This paper aims to introduce a study that investigates several artificial intelligence-based models to predict the energy consumption of the most important educational buildings; schools. These models include decision trees, K-nearest neighbors, gradient boosting, and long-term memory networks. The research also investigates the relationship between the input parameters and the yearly energy usage of educational buildings. It has been discovered that the school sizes and AC capacities are the most impact variable associated with higher energy consumption. While 'Type of School' is less direct or weaker correlation with 'Annual Consumption'. The four developed models were evaluated and compared in training and testing stages. The Decision Tree model demonstrates strong performance on the training data with an average prediction error of about 3.58%. The K-Nearest Neighbors model has significantly higher errors, with RMSE on training data as high as 38,429.4, which may be indicative of overfitting. In contrast, Gradient Boosting can almost perfectly predict the variations within the training dataset. The performance metrics suggest that some models manage this variability better than others, with Gradient Boosting and LSTM standing out in terms of their ability to handle diverse data ranges, from the minimum consumption of approximately 99,274.95 to the maximum of 683,191.8. This research underscores the importance of sustainable educational buildings not only as physical learning spaces but also as dynamic environments that contribute to informal educational processes. Sustainable buildings serve as real-world examples of environmental stewardship, teaching students about energy efficiency and sustainability through their design and operation. By incorporating advanced AI-driven tools to optimize energy consumption, educational facilities can become interactive learning hubs that encourage students to engage with concepts of sustainability in their everyday surroundings.","['D001185', 'D012574', 'D006801', 'D003246', 'D003663', 'D008962']"
38951286,A qualitative study on the effect of a decision aid on knowledge of cataract surgery in patients in developing countries.,"Despite cataract surgery being a safe procedure with a low incidence of perioperative complications rates, poor knowledge, concerns about the effectiveness of treatment and cost-benefit analysis of the procedure significantly hinder cataract surgery uptake rates in Africa. This study describes the effect of a decision aid on knowledge and decision conflict on cataract patients in Africa.","['D006801', 'D002387', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D007722', 'D008875', 'D003906', 'D000368', 'D003661', 'D005869', 'D002386', 'D011795', 'D036301', 'D000328', 'D003657', 'D010353']"
38951283,Ideal suturing technique for robot-assisted microsurgical anastomoses.,"The development of novel robotic devices specifically designed for open microsurgery leads to increasing applications in reconstructive procedures. While initial studies revealed improved precision and surgical ergonomics upon robotic assistance, surgical time was consistently observed to be increased. This study compares two robotic suturing techniques using the Symani Surgical System and RoboticScope in a preclinical setting, to further leverage the benefits of novel robotic devices in microsurgery. Six experienced microsurgeons performed three microvascular anastomoses with a ""steady-thread"" suturing technique and a ""switch-thread"" technique on 1.0-mm-diameter artificial silicone vessels. Time for anastomosis and participant's satisfaction with the techniques and robotic setup were recorded. Anastomosis quality and microsurgical skills were assessed using the Anastomosis Lapse Index and Structured Assessment of Microsurgery Skills. Lastly, technical error messages and thread ruptures were quantified. Knot tying was significantly faster and evaluated significantly better by participants using the steady-thread technique (4.11 ± 0.85 vs. 6.40 ± 1.83 min per anastomosis). Moreover, microsurgical skills were rated significantly better using this technique, while both techniques consistently led to high levels of anastomosis quality (2.61 ± 1.21 vs. 3.0 ± 1.29 errors per anastomosis). In contrast, the switch-thread technique was associated with more technical error messages in total (14 vs. 12) and twice as many unintended thread ruptures per anastomosis (1.0 ± 0.88 vs. 0.5 ± 0.69). This study provides evidence for the enhanced performance of a steady-thread suturing technique, which is suggested to be applied upon robot-assisted microsurgical procedures for optimized efficiency.","['D065287', 'D008866', 'D013536', 'D000714', 'D006801', 'D002983', 'D061646']"
38951002,Acceptability and feasibility of a theatre-based wellness programme to support people living with long COVID: a single-arm feasibility study.,To determine acceptability and feasibility of a theatre-based wellness programme to support the health and well-being of people with long COVID.,"['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D005240', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D011788', 'D006293', 'D000086402', 'D004324', 'D008132', 'D010342', 'D000328', 'D012944']"
38950999,Are the content and usability of a new direct observation tool adequate for assessing competency in delivering person-centred care: a think-aloud study with patients and healthcare professionals in Sweden.,To evaluate the content and usability of a new direct observation tool for assessing competency in delivering person-centred care based on the Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care (gPCC) framework.,"['D006801', 'D018802', 'D013548', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D036301', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D006282', 'D000368', 'D012189', 'D002983', 'D007407']"
38950451,Acute psychological symptom profiles in high school athletes following sport-related concussion.,"Psychological symptoms following a sport-related concussion may affect recovery in adolescent athletes. Therefore, the aims of this study were to 1) describe the proportion of athletes with acute psychological symptoms, 2) identify potential predictors of higher initial psychological symptoms, and 3) determine whether psychological symptoms affect recovery in a cohort of concussed high school athletes.","['D006801', 'D000293', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D001265', 'D001924', 'D056352', 'D012189', 'D038223', 'D015331', 'D012574']"
38950448,Examining for gender differences in return to learn following sport-related concussion in high school student athletes.,"Prior studies have investigated associations between gender, symptom resolution, and time to return to play following sport-related concussion (SRC). However, there is a notable gap in research regarding the association between gender and return to learn (RTL) in adolescents. Therefore, this study 1) compared the patterns of RTL between boys and girls who are high school student athletes, and 2) evaluated the possible association between gender and time to RTL after adjusting for covariates.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D001924', 'D000293', 'D001265', 'D013334', 'D056352', 'D012189', 'D012727', 'D020127', 'D012737', 'D007858', 'D015331', 'D011446', 'D012574', 'D000084722', 'D000068958']"
38950434,Avenues for prevention using the epidemiology of sport-related concussion from a large high school surveillance study.,Epidemiology provides fundamental opportunities to protect student-athlete health. The goal of this study was to describe the epidemiology of sport-related concussion (SRC) across 8 years (2015/2016-2022/2023) and compare boys' and girls' sports for SRC incidence and SRC mechanisms.,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D001924', 'D001265', 'D000293', 'D012189', 'D015994', 'D000086382', 'D012574', 'D013334', 'D015331', 'D005538', 'D056352', 'D013177', 'D001490']"
38950429,Assessing readability of online patient educational material on concussion and return to play.,Concussions are self-limited forms of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Gradual return to play (RTP) is crucial to minimizing the risk of second impact syndrome. Online patient educational materials (OPEM) are often used to guide decision-making. Previous literature has reported that grade-level readability of OPEM is higher than recommended by the American Medical Association and the National Institutes of Health. The authors evaluated the readability of OPEM on concussion and RTP.,"['D001924', 'D006801', 'D032882', 'D010353', 'D020407', 'D000068958', 'D011932']"
38950367,The role of positive emotion in harmful health behavior: Implications for theory and public health campaigns.,"Meta-analyses have concluded that positive emotions do not reduce appetitive risk behaviors (risky behaviors that fulfill appetitive or craving states, such as smoking and excessive alcohol use). We propose that this conclusion is premature. Drawing on the Appraisal Tendency Framework and related theories of emotion and decision-making, we hypothesized that gratitude (a positive emotion) can decrease cigarette smoking, a leading cause of premature death globally. A series of multimethod studies provided evidence supporting our hypothesis (collective N = 34,222). Using nationally representative US samples and an international sample drawn from 87 countries, Studies 1 and 2 revealed that gratitude was inversely associated with likelihood of smoking, even after accounting for numerous covariates. Other positive emotions (e.g., compassion) lacked such consistent associations, as expected. Study 3, and its replication, provided further support for emotion specificity: Experimental induction of gratitude, unlike compassion or sadness, reduced cigarette craving compared to a neutral state. Study 4, and its replication, showed that inducing gratitude causally increased smoking cessation behavior, as evidenced by enrollment in a web-based cessation intervention. Self-reported gratitude mediated the effects in both experimental studies. Finally, Study 5 found that current antismoking messaging campaigns by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention primarily evoked sadness and compassion, but seldom gratitude. Together, our studies advance understanding of positive emotion effects on appetitive risk behaviors; they also offer practical implications for the design of public health campaigns.","['D006801', 'D004644', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D015438', 'D011634', 'D000328', 'D006293', 'D016540', 'D008875', 'D012907', 'D014481']"
38950191,"Association between grit and depressive symptoms among medical students, moderated by academic performance.","Depression amongst medical students is a crucial matter. Grit, which is a potentially modifiable psychological factor, has been inversely linked to depressive symptoms. However, it remains unclear how grit is associated with depression. This study aims to examine the relationship between grit and depressive symptoms and to further investigate the potential effect modification by academic performance on the association between grit and depression among medical students. We focus on the total grit score and its subscales, namely perseverance of effort and consistency of interest. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from second-year medical students at Tokyo Medical and Dental University in Japan from 2020 to 2023. The participants responded to questionnaire surveys comprising the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the Short Grit Scale. Linear regression analysis was performed to assess the association between grit and depressive symptoms. We also tested for effect modification by first-year Grade Point Average (GPA) on the association between grit and depression. The total grit score and its subscales, perseverance of effort and consistency of interest, were all inversely associated with depressive symptoms (b =  -4.7 [95%CI - 6.7 to - 2.6], b =  -3.7 [95%CI - 5.3 to - 2.1], b =  -1.8 [95%CI - 3.5 to - 0.2], respectively). While the interaction term for the total grit score and GPA was not significant, the interaction term for perseverance of effort and GPA was significant, indicating that the association between perseverance of effort and depression was stronger among the higher-achieving students. The interaction term for consistency of interest and GPA was also significant, indicating that the association was stronger among the lower-achieving students. We reveal a novel aspect of the association between grit and depressive symptoms in light of academic performance. The findings will contribute to future research on depression amongst medical students.","['D006801', 'D013337', 'D003863', 'D003430', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000073978', 'D055815', 'D007564', 'D011795']"
38950187,"Self-assessment, and not continuous training, improves basic open suturing skills.","To develop and maintain suturing skills, clinical exposure is important. When clinical exposure cannot be guaranteed, an adequate training schedule for suturing skills is required. This study evaluates the effect of continuous training, 'reflection before practice' and self-assessment on basic open suturing skills.","['D013536', 'D006801', 'D012647', 'D002983', 'D013337', 'D004504', 'D000066908', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D004521']"
38950050,Education in focus: Significant improvements in student learning and satisfaction with ophthalmology teaching delivered using a blended learning approach.,"This study aimed to measure student satisfaction with a revised ophthalmology delivery format, which due to the pandemic had previously relied on a remote online flipped classroom (OFC) format compared to a blended learning format. This educational strategy combined online learning with in-person seminars and practical patient centred sessions. Our previous investigations demonstrated a significant lack of student satisfaction with a curriculum solely reliant on a remote OFC, as such we hypothesised that a blended learning approach would result in improved levels of student satisfaction and knowledge gain.","['D006801', 'D009885', 'D013337', 'D020375', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D010549', 'D011795', 'D003479', 'D000086382', 'D007858', 'D000328', 'D004504', 'D055815', 'D000086402', 'D004521']"
38950018,All hands on deck during the COVID-19 pandemic. Maintaining face-to-face medical education and clinical placements.,"Medical students must have robust educational experiences, graduate and commence timely employment. Here, we describe how the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) delivered clinical placements in medical programmes over the first three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland, including a student-centred, holistic approach to students' educational, social and health needs with strong student involvement, re-organising the university's primary care team, developing COVID-19 PCR testing on site and re-focusing communications and student services. This resulted in re-arranging the students into learning communities, and students and staff electronically recorded their COVID-19 symptom status daily. In-person observed structured clinical examination and other clinical exams progressed. No lockdown of any campus occurred. Over the two senior years, 693 students completed 15,000 weeks of clinical and experiential learning across 104 sites, similar to previous years, including anatomy practicals, procedural skills training, simulated ward rounds and patient encounters, case-based presentations and small group tutorials. The compliance rate with the daily symptom tracker was 91%. The percentage response rate and the number of students providing feedback from October 2020 to April 2021 was as high as 50%. The overall response rate was 33%. By mid-May, 93-95% of students in the two senior years had had at least one dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, with 99% fully vaccinated by the start of the next academic year in autumn 2021. Over the period of testing for SARS-CoV-2, just over 22,000 samples were processed, of which 0.79% were positive; no medical student acquired COVID-19 or was associated with nosocomial transmission. The total investment by the RCSI in Dublin, was €9.3m (€1.2 in capital expenditure and €8.1 in operational expenses). Continuing face-to-face clinical placements during a pandemic was possible through a multi-model approach that prioritised two-way communication, compliance with national public health advice and student screening.","['D000086382', 'D006801', 'D013337', 'D058873', 'D000086402', 'D004501', 'D007494', 'D020375']"
38949973,Strategic Steps to Gaining Approval for Increased Nurse Residency Program Coordinator Full-Time Equivalent Resources.,"There is increased reliance on newly licensed nurses to fill open healthcare positions. Nurse residency programs (NRPs) provide the training, mentorship, and support newly licensed nurses require to successfully transition to professional practice. Research suggests that NRPs improve nurse retention, clinical outcomes, and organizational outcomes. Sufficient NRP full-time equivalents are needed to ensure adequate support and program management. This article describes how a Colorado hospital system secured additional NRP Coordinator full-time equivalent using a six-step process.","['D006801', 'D003120', 'D007397', 'D013192', 'D008611']"
38949971,Creation of a Common Framework to Evaluate Initial Registered Nurse Role Competency.,Assessment of initial nursing competency is essential to safe nursing practice yet often focuses on psychomotor skill acquisition. A multistate health system created a competency strategy based on a comprehensive conceptualization of competency using the American Nursing Association scope and standards of nursing practice. This approach allows for the broad application of a standard competency assessment tool across diverse nursing specialties and provides a framework for nursing professional development practitioners to implement in their organizations.,"['D006801', 'D002983', 'D024802', 'D013192', 'D014481', 'D004521']"
38949904,"""What Did You Say, ChatGPT?"" The Use of AI in Black Women's HIV Self-Education: An Inductive Qualitative Data Analysis.","The emergence of widely accessible artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots such as ChatGPT presents unique opportunities and challenges in public health self-education. This study examined simulations with ChatGPT for its use in public education of sexual health of Black women, specifically in HIV prevention and/or HIV PrEP use. The research questions guiding the study are as follows: (a) does the information ChatGPT offers about HIV prevention and HIV PrEP differ based on stated race? and (b) how could this relatively new platform inform public health education of Black women educating themselves about sexual health behaviors, diagnoses, and treatments? In addressing these questions, this study also uncovered notable differences in ChatGPT's tone when responding to users based on race. This study described valuable insights that can inform health care professionals, educators, and policymakers, ultimately advancing the cause of sexual health equity for Black women and underscoring the paradigm-shifting potential of AI in the field of public health education.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D015658', 'D001741', 'D036301', 'D001185', 'D000328', 'D012725', 'D007722', 'D000074384', 'D006266', 'D065129', 'D008875']"
38949902,Navigating Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Access: Qualitative Insights From Black Women at a Northeastern Historically Black College and University.,"Black women are essential to ending the HIV epidemic in the United States; yet prevention, access, testing, and structural racism affect how HIV disproportionately affects them. Limited public health research focuses on Black women attending Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and the ability to address HIV prevention, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake. PrEP is a once-daily oral pill used to prevent HIV transmission and has suboptimal uptake within the Black community. This generic qualitative descriptive analysis identifies the barriers and facilitators of PrEP uptake among Black women attending an HBCU using the health belief model. Overall, 22 Black college women participated in a 60-minute focus group. Emergent categories were as follows: (a) Barriers-stigma, cost, and side effects; (b) Facilitators-PrEP's effectiveness, exposure to HIV, and unprotected sex. Our findings can inform future efforts to increase PrEP uptake among Black women attending an HBCU.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D065129', 'D015658', 'D036301', 'D014495', 'D001741', 'D000328', 'D019380', 'D017144', 'D055815', 'D057545', 'D006297', 'D007722', 'D010342', 'D013334', 'D063505', 'D000293']"
38949803,Escape to Patient Safety Project: A Nursing Proposal.,ANNA's Administration SPN created this proposal as a clinical practice project to re-evaluate how training and education are provided to individuals working in the dialysis setting. This article describes an education initiative based on the escape room methodology to provide a fresh approach on dialysis curriculum.,"['D006801', 'D006435', 'D061214', 'D064647', 'D003479', 'D014481']"
38949510,Implementation of the São Paulo Nursing Courses Consortium for the Progress Test: experience report.,To report the experience of implementing the São Paulo Nursing Courses Consortium for the Progress Test.,"['D001938', 'D006801', 'D013338', 'D004521', 'D004508', 'D004506', 'D012579']"
38949444,Developing an electronic portfolio of learning for family medicine training in South Africa.,"Workplace-based assessment has become increasingly crucial in the postgraduate training of specialists in South Africa, particularly for family physicians. The development of a Portfolio of Learning (PoL) has been a central focus within the discipline of family medicine for over a decade. Initially, a paper-based portfolio was adopted to collect evidence of learning for 50 out of 85 agreed exit-level outcomes. Stellenbosch University led the conversion of this portfolio into an electronic format, known as e-PoL, utilising Scorion software. The e-PoL was successfully implemented in the Western and Eastern Cape regions and was subsequently adopted nationally under the coordination of the South African Academy of Family Physicians. In 2023, the e-PoL underwent a redesign to gather evidence of learning for 22 entrustable professional activities (EPAs). Key insights from this development process underscore the importance of the PoL in supporting assessment-for-learning rather than merely assessment-of-learning. This necessitates features for feedback and interaction, ensuring that the PoL functions beyond a mere repository of forms. Additionally, the e-PoL should facilitate triangulation, aggregation, and saturation of data points to effectively measure EPAs. Furthermore, the PoL has not only documented learning but has also played a pivotal role in guiding the development of clinical training by explicitly outlining expectations for both registrars and supervisors. While the initial design and development costs are significant, operational costs become affordable when shared across all training programmes.","['D013019', 'D006801', 'D005194', 'D004503', 'D004521', 'D002983', 'D007858']"
38949441,Exploring the experiences of school-going children with HIV in Eswatini: A qualitative inquiry.," Infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major disease in children, affecting an estimated 1.8 million children and adolescents worldwide. Eswatini has the highest prevalence of HIV in the world. Only 76% of children in Eswatini are on anti-retroviral treatment.","['D006801', 'D015658', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D036301', 'D002648', 'D013541', 'D000293', 'D012574', 'D007407', 'D057545', 'D013334']"
38949431,"Awareness, attitudes and perceptions of students towards leisure noise in Durban, South Africa."," Young adults are exposed to high noise levels in leisure venues, which increases their risk of hearing loss, and can affect their quality of life.","['D006801', 'D013019', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D003430', 'D055815', 'D007899', 'D009622', 'D000328', 'D006317', 'D000293', 'D007722', 'D013334', 'D001364', 'D011795', 'D014495']"
38949405,Addressing the effectiveness of health literacy programs within the Gulf Corporation Council: an integrative review.,"Health literacy is an increasingly required need to help individuals, families and communities manage their health and health conditions. It is linked with better self-adherence to treatments, use of resources, access to care and overall reduced costs in healthcare. In the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), which comprises Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, various health literacy programs are implemented across states to address people's unique and complex healthcare needs. This article aims to examine the current literature and assess the factors that influence the outcomes of health literacy programs within the GCC. An integrative review methodology has been conducted to pursue a comprehensive understanding of health literacy interventions in the GCC. This investigative approach was shaped by Whittemore and Knafl's framework (2005), which includes problem identification, literature search, data evaluation, data analysis and presentation. The literature on the effectiveness of health literacy interventions and the factors that shape them are notably limited worldwide and within the GCC region. This integrative review addresses this knowledge gap and highlights the significance of key themes such as sessions, evaluation and improvement in shaping health literacy outcomes within the GCC region. Through this integrative review, the three main themes of sessions, evaluation and improvement were identified as influencing the outcomes of health literacy programs within the GCC.","['D057220', 'D006801', 'D008877', 'D006293', 'D015397']"
38948983,Perception of students and teachers regarding the attributes of an effective clinical teacher in dentistry: A cross-sectional analytical study.,To compare the perception of dental students and faculty members regarding the attributes of effective clinical teachers.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D013335', 'D003430', 'D000328', 'D055815', 'D005179', 'D010154', 'D004497', 'D008875', 'D011795', 'D002983', 'D013663', 'D001291']"
38948977,Effect of peer education on knowledge and frequency of smoking among high school students in disadvantaged districts: A quasi-experimental study.,To evaluate the effectiveness of peer education on changing the knowledge and frequency of smoking of high school students.,"['D006801', 'D000293', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D010379', 'D014421', 'D007722', 'D013334', 'D057220', 'D006266', 'D012907', 'D035862', 'D014028']"
38948970,Film as an educational tool in medical pedagogy: A study on cinemeducation and its effectiveness.,"To find out the possibilities and usefulness of introducing cinemeducation in medical institutions, and to formulate suggestive inserts for faculty and policy-makers.","['D006801', 'D009040', 'D013337', 'D004504', 'D011795', 'D013663', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D010154', 'D003479']"
38948402,Designing a Workplace-Based Learning Environment for Learning Health Promotion: A Design-Based Research.,"The healthcare landscape has a growing emphasis on health promotion (HP), which makes HP important in the training of future physicians. This study employed design-based research to develop a clerkship focused on HP and to outline design principles for shaping workplace learning environments to promote HP learning.","['D006801', 'D017132', 'D006293', 'D009426', 'D002982', 'D007858', 'D036301']"
38948401,Rapid Design of a Student-Centred App for Musculoskeletal Clinical Skills: An Example of a Theoretically Informed Approach to Developing Apps for Learning.,The process to design mobile apps for learning are infrequently reported and focus more on evaluation than process. This lack of clear process for health professional education mobile apps may explain the lack of quality mobile apps to support medical student learning.,"['D006801', 'D063731', 'D017144', 'D002983', 'D013337', 'D009140']"
38948348,A Study about Perceptions of Kimono among College Students and Kimono Enthusiasts: Is It Difficult to Move in a Kimono?,"Kimono is being reevaluated for its sustainability aspects, such as having fewer offcuts in the production process due to its structural differences from Western-style clothes and its high reusability due to the adaptability to individuals' body shapes. On the other hand, once a common attire for daily wear in Japan, kimono has transitioned to being worn only on special events and the kimono-related industry has also shrunk. To stimulate demand for kimono, it is essential to familiarize younger generations with its potential as daily wear.","['D006801', 'D013334', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D055815', 'D011795', 'D014495', 'D007564', 'D010465', 'D003020', 'D000328', 'D000293']"
38948199,Factors associated with poor sleep quality among dental students in Malaysia.,"Good sleep quality is crucial for dental students as they must have optimal cognitive function, memory, and decision-making to accomplish their learning requirements. This study aims to determine sleep quality, its associated factors, and the association between sleep quality and academic performance among dental students in Malaysia.","['D006801', 'D008296', 'D013335', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D003430', 'D011795', 'D000089943', 'D055815', 'D000328', 'D000073978']"
38947310,Spatial Variation and Determinants of Inadequate Minimum Meal Frequency among Children Aged 6-23 Months in Ethiopia: Spatial and multilevel analysis using Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS) 2019.,"Introduction: Minimum meal frequency is the number of times children eat in a day. Without adequate meal frequency, infants and young children are prone to malnutrition. There is little information on the spatial distribution and determinants of inadequate meal frequency at the national level. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the spatial distribution and determinants of inadequate meal frequency among young children in Ethiopia. Methods: The most recent Ethiopian demographic and health survey data was used. The analysis was conducted using a weighted sample of 1,610 children aged 6-23 months old. The Global Moran's I was estimated to assess the regional variation in minimum meal frequency. Further, a multivariable multilevel logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with inadequate meal frequency. The AOR (adjusted odds ratio) at 95% CI (confidence interval) was computed to assess the strength and significance of the relationship between explanatory variables and the outcome variable. Factors with a p-value of <0.05 are declared statistically significant. Results: This study revealed that the prevalence of inadequate meal frequency was found to be 30.56% (95% CI: 28.33-32.88). We identified statistically significant clusters of high inadequate meal frequency, notably observed in Somalia, northern Amhara, the eastern part of southern nations and nationalities, and the southwestern Oromia regions. Child age, antenatal care (ANC) visit, marital status, and community level illiteracy were significant factors that were associated with inadequate meal frequency. Conclusion: According to the study findings, the proportion of inadequate meal frequency among young children in Ethiopia was higher and also distributed non-randomly across Ethiopian regions. As a result, policymakers and other concerned bodies should prioritize risky areas in designing intervention. Thus, special attention should be given to the Somalia region, the northern part of Amhara, the eastern part of Southern nations and nationalities, and southwestern Oromia.","['D006801', 'D005002', 'D007223', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D055361', 'D006306', 'D062407', 'D062206', 'D005247', 'D016015', 'D004522', 'D000328', 'D055815', 'D012959']"
38947107,Combating Chronic Disease with Barbershop Health Interventions: A Review of Current Knowledge and Potential for Big Data.,"Community-based participatory research (CBPR) using barbershop interventions is an emerging approach to address health disparities and promote health equity. Barbershops serve as trusted community settings for health education, screening services, and referrals. This narrative mini-review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding CBPR employing barbershop interventions and explores the potential for big data involvement to enhance the impact and reach of this approach in combating chronic disease. CBPR using barbershop interventions has shown promising results in reducing blood pressure among Black men and improving diabetes awareness and self-management. By increasing testing rates and promoting preventive behaviors, barbershop interventions have been successful in addressing infectious diseases, including HIV and COVID-19. Barbershops have also played roles in promoting cancer screening and increasing awareness of cancer risks, namely prostate cancer and colorectal cancer. Further, leveraging the trusted relationships between barbers and their clients, mental health promotion and prevention efforts have been successful in barbershops. The potential for big data involvement in barbershop interventions for chronic disease management offers new opportunities for targeted programs, real-time monitoring, and personalized approaches. However, ethical considerations regarding privacy, confidentiality, and data ownership need to be carefully addressed. To maximize the impact of barbershop interventions, challenges such as training and resource provision for barbers, cultural appropriateness of interventions, sustainability, and scalability must be addressed. Further research is needed to evaluate long-term impact, cost-effectiveness, and best practices for implementation. Overall, barbershops have the potential to serve as key partners in addressing chronic health disparities and promoting health equity.","['D006801', 'D002908', 'D000077558', 'D055812', 'D006293', 'D000086382', 'D001461', 'D000086402']"
38956113,Unique algorithm for the evaluation of embryo photon emission and viability.,"Living cells have spontaneous ultraweak photon emission derived from metabolic reactions associated with physiological conditions. The ORCA-Quest CMOS camera (Hamamatsu Photonics, Japan) is a highly sensitive and essential tool for photon detection; its use with a microscope incubator (Olympus) enables the detection of photons emitted by embryos with the exclusion of harmful visible light. With the application of the second law of thermodynamics, the low-entropy energy absorbed and used by embryos can be distinguished from the higher-entropy energy released and detectable in their environment. To evaluate higher-entropy energy data from embryos, we developed a unique algorithm for the calculation of the entropy-weighted spectral fractal dimension, which demonstrates the self-similar structure of the energy (photons) released by embryos. Analyses based on this structure enabled the distinction of living and degenerated mouse embryos, and of frozen and fresh embryos and the background. This novel detection of ultra-weak photon emission from mouse embryos can provide the basis for the development of a photon emission embryo control system. The ultraweak photon emission fingerprints of embryos may be used for the selection of viable specimens in an ideal dark environment.","['D017785', 'D000818', 'D000465', 'D004622', 'D051379', 'D005260']"
38952221,Correlation of amniotic fluid inflammatory markers with preterm birth: a meta-analysis.,"The relationship between amniotic fluid inflammatory biomarkers and preterm birth in second- or third-trimester pregnancy has been a focus, and understanding the correlation between these markers and preterm birth is important for early identification and intervention in preterm birth. The aim of this study was to explore potential inflammatory biomarkers in second- or third-trimester pregnancy amniotic fluid associated with preterm birth.","['D006801', 'D000653', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D047928', 'D015415', 'D015850', 'D011262', 'D011263', 'D007249', 'D020780', 'D016753']"
38951757,Concurrent of compound heterozygous variant of a novel in-frame deletion and the common hypomorphic haplotype in TBX6 and inherited 17q12 microdeletion in a fetus.,"TBX6, a member of the T-box gene family, encodes the transcription factor box 6 that is critical for somite segmentation in vertebrates. It is known that the compound heterozygosity of disruptive variants in trans with a common hypomorphic risk haplotype (T-C-A) in the TBX6 gene contribute to 10% of congenital scoliosis (CS) cases. The deletion of chromosome 17q12 is a rare cytogenetic abnormality, which often leads to renal cysts and diabetes mellitus. However, the affected individuals often exhibit clinical heterogeneity and incomplete penetrance.","['D006801', 'D020825', 'D005260', 'D002886', 'D006239', 'D011247', 'D006579', 'D000328', 'D002872', 'D000073359', 'D017384', 'D005333', 'D016216']"
38951353,Fetal gender prediction by monitoring circulating steroid hormones and some biochemical parameters in maternal dromedary camels.,"To predict the sex of the foetus, healthy pregnant dromedary camels (n = 24) were included. Blood samples were collected for measurements of progesterone, estradiol, testosterone, and cortisol as well as total proteins, albumin, glucose, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, creatine kinase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. Statistical analysis revealed differences between pregnant camels and pregnant camels in terms of female or male foetuses depending on the actual sex of the born calf. The results revealed that testosterone and ALP concentrations were significantly (P < 0.001) greater in camels given to males than in those given to calves. There were strong positive correlations between male calf birth and testosterone and ALP concentrations (r = 0.864; P < 0.0001 and r = 0.637; P < 0.001, respectively). On the other hand, the cortisol, glucose and creatinine concentrations were significantly lower (P lower in camel calved males than in females). There were significant negative correlations between male calf birth and the cortisol, glucose and creatinine concentrations (r =-0.401; P = 0.052; r =-0.445; P = 0.029 and r =-0.400; P = 0.053, respectively). The concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, calcium/phosphorus ratio, magnesium, and albumin and the albumin/globulin ratio were not significantly different (P > 0.05) between the two groups. In conclusion, testosterone could be used as a biomarker to determine the sex of foetuses in dromedary camels.","['D000818', 'D002162', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D011247', 'D012732', 'D006854', 'D013739', 'D003404', 'D005333', 'D004958', 'D012739']"
38951078,[Relationship between maternal and fetal ERAP-1 gene polymorphism and pre-eclampsia].,"Objective: To investigate the relationship between the polymorphism of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP-1) gene and the occurrence of pre-eclampsia (PE). Methods: A case-control study was conducted in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from October 2018 to October 2021. A total of 51 PE pregnant women with onset gestational age<34 weeks were selected as the PE group, and 48 normal pregnant women during the same period were selected as the control group. Venous blood samples were collected from the pregnant women before delivery and umbilical cord within 5 minutes after delivery. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of ERAP-1 gene in the pregnant women and their fetus were detected by next-generation sequencing. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze all the SNP loci and alleles detected in the two groups, and the significant SNP were screened. Results: (1) A total of 13 target SNP loci of maternal ERAP-1 gene were selected by univariate analysis. Among them, the frequency distribution of genotypes at 96096828, 96121524, 96121715, 96122260 and 96122281 showed statistically significant differences between PE group and control group (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of PE in pregnant women with TC genotype at locus 96121524 was 2.002 times higher than those with TT genotype (95%CI: 0.687-5.831, P=0.020). (2) A total of 4 target SNP loci of ERAP-1 gene in fetal were selected by univariate analysis, and there was no statistical significance in gene polymorphism of the 4 loci between PE group and control group (all P>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of PE in fetus with genotype AA at locus 96121406 was 0.236 times that of fetus with genotype GG (95%CI: 0.055-1.025, P=0.016). Conclusion: ERAP-1 gene with TC genotype at 96121524 in the mother and GG genotype at 96121406 in the fetus might be related to the incidence of PE.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D011225', 'D000626', 'D015778', 'D016022', 'D020641', 'D005838', 'D020022', 'D000483', 'D000328', 'D005787', 'D005333']"
38950310,Preexisting maternal immunity to AAV but not Cas9 impairs in utero gene editing in mice.,"In utero gene editing (IUGE) is a potential treatment for inherited diseases that cause pathology before or soon after birth. Preexisting immunity to adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors and Cas9 endonuclease may limit postnatal gene editing. The tolerogenic fetal immune system minimizes a fetal immune barrier to IUGE. However, the ability of maternal immunity to limit fetal gene editing remains a question. We investigated whether preexisting maternal immunity to AAV or Cas9 impairs IUGE. Using a combination of fluorescent reporter mice and a murine model of a metabolic liver disease, we demonstrated that maternal anti-AAV IgG antibodies were efficiently transferred from dam to fetus and impaired IUGE in a maternal titer-dependent fashion. By contrast, maternal cellular immunity was inefficiently transferred to the fetus, and neither maternal cellular nor humoral immunity to Cas9 impaired IUGE. Using human umbilical cord and maternal blood samples collected from mid- to late-gestation pregnancies, we demonstrated that maternal-fetal transmission of anti-AAV IgG was inefficient in midgestation compared with term, suggesting that the maternal immune barrier to clinical IUGE would be less relevant at midgestation. These findings support immunologic advantages for IUGE and inform maternal preprocedural testing protocols and exclusion criteria for future clinical trials.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D000229', 'D051379', 'D011247', 'D000072669', 'D006801', 'D007074', 'D000076987', 'D005822', 'D008431', 'D000914', 'D064113', 'D005333', 'D007112']"
38950083,Modeling normal mouse uterine contraction and placental perfusion with non-invasive longitudinal dynamic contrast enhancement MRI.,"The placenta is a transient organ critical for fetal development. Disruptions of normal placental functions can impact health throughout an individual's entire life. Although being recognized by the NIH Human Placenta Project as an important organ, the placenta remains understudied, partly because of a lack of non-invasive tools for longitudinally evaluation for key aspects of placental functionalities.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D008279', 'D051379', 'D010920', 'D014590', 'D003287', 'D008810']"
38949814,Two-Year Outcomes of Umbilical Cord Milking in Nonvigorous Infants: A Secondary Analysis of the MINVI Randomized Clinical Trial.,"Compared with early cord clamping (ECC), umbilical cord milking (UCM) reduces delivery room cardiorespiratory support, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and therapeutic hypothermia in nonvigorous near-term and full-term infants. However, UCM postdischarge outcomes are not known.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D007231', 'D008297', 'D007223', 'D000087526', 'D018592', 'D014470', 'D020925', 'D002675']"
38949349,Poissonian Cellular Potts Models Reveal Nonequilibrium Kinetics of Cell Sorting.,"Cellular Potts models are broadly applied across developmental biology and cancer research. We overcome limitations of the traditional approach, which reinterprets a modified Metropolis sampling as ad hoc dynamics, by introducing a physical timescale through Poissonian kinetics and by applying principles of stochastic thermodynamics to separate thermal and relaxation effects from athermal noise and nonconservative forces. Our method accurately describes cell-sorting dynamics in mouse-embryo development and identifies the distinct contributions of nonequilibrium processes, e.g., cell growth and active fluctuations.","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D007700', 'D008954', 'D013269', 'D013816', 'D047108', 'D004622']"
38949298,Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Mutant Whole Mouse Embryos: From the Epiblast to the End of Gastrulation.,"Over the last decade, single-cell approaches have become the gold standard for studying gene expression dynamics, cell heterogeneity, and cell states within samples. Before single-cell advances, the feasibility of capturing the dynamic cellular landscape and rapid cell transitions during early development was limited. In this paper, a robust pipeline was designed to perform single-cell and nuclei analysis on mouse embryos from embryonic day E6.5 to E8, corresponding to the onset and completion of gastrulation. Gastrulation is a fundamental process during development that establishes the three germinal layers: mesoderm, ectoderm, and endoderm, which are essential for organogenesis. Extensive literature is available on single-cell omics applied to wild-type perigastrulating embryos. However, single-cell analysis of mutant embryos is still scarce and often limited to FACS-sorted populations. This is partially due to the technical constraints associated with the need for genotyping, timed pregnancies, the count of embryos with desired genotypes per pregnancy, and the number of cells per embryo at these stages. Here, a methodology is presented designed to overcome these limitations. This method establishes breeding and timed pregnancy guidelines to achieve a higher chance of synchronized pregnancies with desired genotypes. Optimization steps in the embryo isolation process coupled with a same-day genotyping protocol (3 h) allow for microdroplet-based single-cell to be performed on the same day, ensuring the high viability of cells and robust results. This method further includes guidelines for optimal nuclei isolations from embryos. Thus, these approaches increase the feasibility of single-cell approaches of mutant embryos at the gastrulation stage. We anticipate that this method will facilitate the analysis of how mutations shape the cellular landscape of the gastrula.","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D059010', 'D054262', 'D005260', 'D004622', 'D005855', 'D017423', 'D011247']"
38948287,[Notch1/Akt/Foxo1 Pathway Regulated by Kisspeptin Is Involved in Endometrial Decidualization in Patients With Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion].,"Kisspeptin, a protein encoded by the KISS1 gene, functions as an essential factor in suppressing tumor growth. The intricate orchestration of cellular processes such as proliferation and differentiation is governed by the Notch1/Akt/Foxo1 signaling pathway, which assumes a central role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. In the specific context of this investigation, the focal point lies in a meticulous exploration of the intricate mechanisms underlying the regulatory effect of kisspeptin on the process of endometrial decidualization. This investigation delves into the interplay between kisspeptin and the Notch1/Akt/Foxo1 signaling pathway, aiming to elucidate its significance in the pathophysiology of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA).","['D005260', 'D000071161', 'D006801', 'D051057', 'D004717', 'D015398', 'D003656', 'D011247', 'D051881', 'D000026', 'D059648', 'D000328', 'D018970', 'D049109']"
38946430,"Telomerase activity, telomere length, and the euploidy rate of human embryos.","Telomeres maintain chromosome stability, while telomerase counteracts their progressive shortening. Telomere length varies between cell types, with leukocyte telomere length (LTL) decreasing with age. Reduced telomerase activity has been linked to reproductive issues in females, such as low pregnancy rates and premature ovarian failure, with recent studies indicating correlations between telomere length in granulosa cells and IVF outcomes.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D019098', 'D016615', 'D011446', 'D011247', 'D000782', 'D005307', 'D006107', 'D007247', 'D010062', 'D001755', 'D059505', 'D020554']"
38946370,[Genetic analysis of a fetus with Rhizomelic skeletal dysplasia].,To explore the clinical features and genetic basis for a fetus featuring Rhizomelic skeletal dysplasia.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D005333', 'D000073359', 'D011247', 'D005820', 'D001848', 'D011296', 'D008297', 'D009154', 'D000328', 'D006579']"
38946368,[Identification and prenatal diagnosis for a novel NIPBL variant in a fetus with Cornelia de Lange syndrome].,To explore the genetic basis for a fetus with nuchal cystic hygroma identified in the first trimester and cholecystomegaly identified in the middle trimester of pregnancy.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D003635', 'D000328', 'D011296', 'D018797', 'D005333', 'D000073359']"
38946360,[Comparison of two superparamagnetic purification magnetic beads-based screening and enrichment techniques for isolating cell-free fetal DNA from maternal plasma for non-invasive prenatal screening].,To assess the efficiency of modified enrichment method for cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) through purified superparamagnetic beads during non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT).,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D000073888', 'D000328', 'D000081182', 'D011296', 'D005333']"
38944743,Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome Presented with Diabetes Mellitus and Primary Amenorrhea: A Case Report.,"Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a rare congenital disorder that affects the female reproductive system and is characterized by an underdeveloped or absent uterus and vagina. A 17-year-old unmarried female was admitted into the Department of Endocrinology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh in November 2023 for evaluation of primary amenorrhea and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. She was the 5th issue of non-consanguineous marriage delivered at term by normal vaginal delivery. Her growth pattern and developmental milestones were normal. She had no history of galactorrhea, chronic or cyclic pelvic pain, thyroid dysfunction, excessive exercise, psychiatric illness, or drug abuse. There was no history of such type of illness in her family. She was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus two years back without classic symptoms, and at that time, her blood glucose was 22 mmol/L. She was prescribed metformin and gliclazide. She had no history of hypoglycemia, hyperglycemic crises, or hospital admission. On examination, her body build and nutritional status were normal. Anemia, jaundice, edema, dehydration, lymphadenopathy, acne, hirsutism, acanthosis nigricans, abdominal striae and vitiligo were absent. Her blood pressure was 110/70 without the postural drop, thyroid gland was not enlarged, anthropometric measurements were normal and BMI was 18.4 kg/m2. Her tanner stage was P5 & B4. Genital examination revealed normal female external genitalia, and a blind vaginal pouch was found. Other systemic examinations revealed no abnormality. On laboratory reports, her blood glucose was uncontrolled (HbA1c-10.2%) with glycosuria. Thyroid function test and gonadal hormones were normal. Ultrasonogram of the abdomen revealed uterus, cervix, and upper part of the vagina are absent, and an ectopic left kidney.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000293', 'D000568', 'D058489', 'D000013', 'D009095', 'D003920']"
38944441,MR Imaging of Placenta Accreta Spectrum: A Comprehensive Literature Review of the Most Recent Advancements.,"This article delves into the latest MR imaging developments dedicated to diagnosing placenta accreta spectrum (PAS). PAS, characterized by abnormal placental adherence to the uterine wall, is of paramount concern owing to its association with maternal morbidity and mortality, particularly in high-risk pregnancies featuring placenta previa and prior cesarean sections. Although ultrasound (US) remains the primary screening modality, limitations have prompted heightened emphasis on MR imaging. This review underscores the utility of quantitative MR imaging, especially where US findings prove inconclusive or when maternal body habitus poses challenges, acknowledging, however, that interpreting placenta MR imaging demands specialized training for radiologists.","['D006801', 'D010921', 'D011247', 'D005260', 'D008279', 'D010920']"
38944434,Advances in Fetal Brain Imaging.,"Over the last 20 years, there have been remarkable developments in fetal brain MR imaging analysis methods. This article delves into the specifics of structural imaging, diffusion imaging, functional MR imaging, and spectroscopy, highlighting the latest advancements in motion correction, fetal brain development atlases, and the challenges and innovations. Furthermore, this article explores the clinical applications of these advanced imaging techniques in comprehending and diagnosing fetal brain development and abnormalities.","['D006801', 'D001921', 'D011247', 'D008279', 'D011296', 'D005260', 'D059906', 'D005333']"
38944433,How to Perform Fetal MR Imaging.,"This article provides the readers with practical guidance on how to perform fetal MR imaging, including technical considerations such as scanner field strength and use of appropriate radiofrequency receive coils, and summarizes the role, strengths, and limitations of the various MR imaging sequences. The authors review the various factors to consider in scan preparation, including study indication, timing, maternal preparation, and the creation of an institutional fetal imaging protocol. Additional factors that go into scan optimization during acquisition including prioritizing maternal comfort and ways to troubleshoot various artifacts that maybe encountered in fetal imaging are discussed.","['D006801', 'D008279', 'D011247', 'D011296', 'D005260', 'D005333', 'D005315']"
38943134,RNA-seq reveals differentially expressed lncRNAs and circRNAs and their associated functional network in HTR-8/Svneo cells under hypoxic conditions.,"Placental hypoxia is hazardous to maternal health as well as fetal growth and development. Preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction are common pregnancy problems, and one of the causes is placental hypoxia. Placental hypoxia is linked to a number of pregnancy illnessesv. To investigate their potential function in anoxic circumstances, we mimicked the anoxic environment of HTR-8/Svneo cells and performed lncRNA and circRNA studies on anoxic HTR-8/Svneo cells using high-throughput RNA sequencing. The miRNA target genes were predicted by integrating the aberrant expression of miRNAs in the placenta of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction, and a ceRNA network map was developed to conduct a complete transcriptomic and bioinformatics investigation of circRNAs and lncRNAs. The signaling pathways in which the genes were primarily engaged were predicted using GO and KEGG analyses. To propose a novel explanation for trophoblastic organism failure caused by lncRNAs and circRNAs in an anoxic environment.","['D006801', 'D000079962', 'D062085', 'D053263', 'D002460', 'D000081246', 'D015687', 'D011247', 'D035683', 'D005260', 'D010920', 'D014327', 'D019295', 'D020869']"
38941464,A genome scale transcriptional regulatory model of the human placenta.,"Gene regulation is essential to placental function and fetal development. We built a genome-scale transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) of the human placenta using digital genomic footprinting and transcriptomic data. We integrated 475 transcriptomes and 12 DNase hypersensitivity datasets from placental samples to globally and quantitatively map transcription factor (TF)-target gene interactions. In an independent dataset, the TRN model predicted target gene expression with an out-of-sample R2 greater than 0.25 for 73% of target genes. We performed siRNA knockdowns of four TFs and achieved concordance between the predicted gene targets in our TRN and differences in expression of knockdowns with an accuracy of >0.7 for three of the four TFs. Our final model contained 113,158 interactions across 391 TFs and 7712 target genes and is publicly available. We identified 29 TFs which were significantly enriched as regulators for genes previously associated with preterm birth, and eight of these TFs were decreased in preterm placentas.","['D006801', 'D010920', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D053263', 'D014157', 'D015894', 'D059467', 'D005786', 'D020869']"
38941348,Alcohol exposure suppresses ribosome biogenesis and causes nucleolar stress in cranial neural crest cells.,"Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) causes cognitive impairment and a distinctive craniofacial dysmorphology, due in part to apoptotic losses of the pluripotent cranial neural crest cells (CNCs) that form facial bones and cartilage. We previously reported that PAE rapidly represses expression of >70 ribosomal proteins (padj = 10-E47). Ribosome dysbiogenesis causes nucleolar stress and activates p53-MDM2-mediated apoptosis. Using primary avian CNCs and the murine CNC line O9-1, we tested whether nucleolar stress and p53-MDM2 signaling mediates this apoptosis. We further tested whether haploinsufficiency in genes that govern ribosome biogenesis, using a blocking morpholino approach, synergizes with alcohol to worsen craniofacial outcomes in a zebrafish model. In both avian and murine CNCs, pharmacologically relevant alcohol exposure (20mM, 2hr) causes the dissolution of nucleolar structures and the loss of rRNA synthesis; this nucleolar stress persisted for 18-24hr. This was followed by reduced proliferation, stabilization of nuclear p53, and apoptosis that was prevented by overexpression of MDM2 or dominant-negative p53. In zebrafish embryos, low-dose alcohol or morpholinos directed against ribosomal proteins Rpl5a, Rpl11, and Rps3a, the Tcof homolog Nolc1, or mdm2 separately caused modest craniofacial malformations, whereas these blocking morpholinos synergized with low-dose alcohol to reduce and even eliminate facial elements. Similar results were obtained using a small molecule inhibitor of RNA Polymerase 1, CX5461, whereas p53-blocking morpholinos normalized craniofacial outcomes under high-dose alcohol. Transcriptome analysis affirmed that alcohol suppressed the expression of >150 genes essential for ribosome biogenesis. We conclude that alcohol causes the apoptosis of CNCs, at least in part, by suppressing ribosome biogenesis and invoking a nucleolar stress that initiates their p53-MDM2 mediated apoptosis. We further note that the facial deficits that typify PAE and some ribosomopathies share features including reduced philtrum, upper lip, and epicanthal distance, suggesting the facial deficits of PAE represent, in part, a ribosomopathy.","['D000818', 'D009432', 'D015027', 'D012270', 'D000431', 'D016159', 'D017209', 'D051379', 'D051736', 'D002466', 'D012269', 'D012886', 'D029961']"
38940874,"The Description of Pseudoalteromonas apostichopi sp. nov., Vibrio apostichopi sp. nov., and Marinobacter apostichopi sp. nov. from the Fertilized Eggs and Larvae of Apostichopus japonicus.","Three novel bacterial strains, FE4T, FE10T, and LA51T, which are phylogenetically affiliated to the genera Pseudoalteromonas, Vibrio, or Marinobacter, respectively, isolated from fertilized eggs and juveniles of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus were characterized by a genome-based taxonomical approach including multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) combined with classical phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterizations. A molecular network reconstructed on the basis of nucleotide sequences of four phylogenetic maker protein genes revealed that the strains FE4T, FE10T, and LA51T were closely related to Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis, Vibrio lentus, and Marinobacter similis, respectively. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) comparisons against phylogenetically related species to FE4T, FE10T, and LA51T demonstrated that each newly described strain could not be identified as any previously described species within each genus showing < 95% ANI: 91.3% of FE4T against P. shioyasakiensis JCM 18891 T, 92.6% of FE10T against ""V. bathopelagicus"" Sal10, and 92.6% of LA51T against M. similis A3d10T, in maximum, respectively. Here, we show molecular phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic features of the newly described species FE4T, FE10T, and LA51T. We also propose Pseudoalteromonas apostichopi sp. nov. with FE4T (JCM 36173 T = LMG 33143 T) as the type strain, Vibrio apostichopi sp. nov. with FE10T (JCM 36174 T = LMG 33144 T) as the type strain, and Marinobacter apostichopi sp. nov. with LA51T (JCM 36175 T = LMG 33145 T) as the type strain.","['D031161', 'D000818', 'D010802', 'D014733', 'D047528', 'D053520', 'D007814', 'D058885', 'D004269', 'D015373', 'D012336', 'D015053', 'D016680', 'D005227']"
38940293,BF170 hydrochloride enhances the emergence of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.,"Generation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) ex vivo and in vivo, especially the generation of safe therapeutic HSPCs, still remains inefficient. In this study, we have identified compound BF170 hydrochloride as a previously unreported pro-hematopoiesis molecule, using the differentiation assays of primary zebrafish blastomere cell culture and mouse embryoid bodies (EBs), and we demonstrate that BF170 hydrochloride promoted definitive hematopoiesis in vivo. During zebrafish definitive hematopoiesis, BF170 hydrochloride increases blood flow, expands hemogenic endothelium (HE) cells and promotes HSPC emergence. Mechanistically, the primary cilia-Ca2+-Notch/NO signaling pathway, which is downstream of the blood flow, mediated the effects of BF170 hydrochloride on HSPC induction in vivo. Our findings, for the first time, reveal that BF170 hydrochloride is a compound that enhances HSPC induction and may be applied to the ex vivo expansion of HSPCs.","['D000818', 'D015027', 'D006412', 'D051379', 'D002454', 'D006410', 'D051880', 'D015398', 'D058732', 'D002923', 'D001757', 'D002478']"
38940047,Comparative Effects of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment via Different Routes on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury.,"Although umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UCMSC) infusion has been proposed as a promising strategy for the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI), the parameters of UCMSC transplantation, such as infusion routes and doses, need to be further optimized.","['D000818', 'D055371', 'D008070', 'D045164', 'D014470', 'D017207', 'D051381', 'D008297', 'D001992', 'D059630', 'D014409', 'D007275']"
38937854,Evaluation of Parasight All-in-One system for the automated enumeration of helminth ova in canine and feline feces.," Digital imaging combined with deep-learning-based computational image analysis is a growing area in medical diagnostics, including parasitology, where a number of automated analytical devices have been developed and are available for use in clinical practice.","['D000818', 'D002415', 'D004285', 'D005243', 'D004283', 'D010270', 'D002371', 'D014119', 'D000722', 'D014258', 'D006376', 'D006374', 'D010063']"
38937733,Identification of four TTN variants in three families with fetal akinesia deformation sequence.,TTN is a complex gene with large genomic size and highly repetitive structure. Pathogenic variants in TTN have been reported to cause a range of skeletal muscle and cardiac disorders. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations tend to cause a wide spectrum of phenotypes with congenital or childhood onset. The onset and severity of the features were considered to be correlated with the types and location of the TTN variants.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D064211', 'D010375', 'D008297', 'D000073359', 'D001176', 'D003286', 'D009154', 'D011247', 'D005333', 'D000328']"
38937030,The fusion of physics and biology in early mammalian embryogenesis.,"Biomechanics in embryogenesis is a dynamic field intertwining the physical forces and biological processes that shape the first days of a mammalian embryo. From the first cell fate bifurcation during blastulation to the complex symmetry breaking and tissue remodeling in gastrulation, mechanical cues appear critical in cell fate decisions and tissue patterning. Recent strides in mouse and human embryo culture, stem cell modeling of mammalian embryos, and biomaterial design have shed light on the role of cellular forces, cell polarization, and the extracellular matrix in influencing cell differentiation and morphogenesis. This chapter highlights the essential functions of biophysical mechanisms in blastocyst formation, embryo implantation, and early gastrulation where the interplay between the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix stiffness orchestrates the intricacies of embryogenesis and placenta specification. The advancement of in vitro models like blastoids, gastruloids, and other types of embryoids, has begun to faithfully recapitulate human development stages, offering new avenues for exploring the biophysical underpinnings of early development. The integration of synthetic biology and advanced biomaterials is enhancing the precision with which we can mimic and study these processes. Looking ahead, we emphasize the potential of CRISPR-mediated genomic perturbations coupled with live imaging to uncover new mechanosensitive pathways and the application of engineered biomaterials to fine-tune the mechanical conditions conducive to embryonic development. This synthesis not only bridges the gap between experimental models and in vivo conditions to advancing fundamental developmental biology of mammalian embryogenesis, but also sets the stage for leveraging biomechanical insights to inform regenerative medicine.","['D000818', 'D006801', 'D047108', 'D004622', 'D001696']"
38937029,Salivary gland developmental mechanics.,"The salivary gland undergoes branching morphogenesis to elaborate into a tree-like structure with numerous saliva-secreting acinar units, all joined by a hierarchical ductal system. The expansive epithelial surface generated by branching morphogenesis serves as the structural basis for the efficient production and delivery of saliva. Here, we elucidate the process of salivary gland morphogenesis, emphasizing the role of mechanics. Structurally, the developing salivary gland is characterized by a stratified epithelium tightly encased by the basement membrane, which is in turn surrounded by a mesenchyme consisting of a dense network of interstitial matrix and mesenchymal cells. Diverse cell types and extracellular matrices bestow this developing organ with organized, yet spatially varied mechanical properties. For instance, the surface epithelial sheet of the bud is highly fluidic due to its high cell motility and weak cell-cell adhesion, rendering it highly pliable. In contrast, the inner core of the bud is more rigid, characterized by reduced cell motility and strong cell-cell adhesion, which likely provide structural support for the tissue. The interactions between the surface epithelial sheet and the inner core give rise to budding morphogenesis. Furthermore, the basement membrane and the mesenchyme offer mechanical constraints that could play a pivotal role in determining the higher-order architecture of a fully mature salivary gland.","['D012469', 'D000818', 'D009024', 'D006801', 'D001485', 'D002465', 'D001696', 'D008648', 'D002448']"
38934431,The key to understanding core knowledge resides in the fetus.,"What Babies Know outlines a compelling case for why infancy research is fundamental for conceptualizing what it is to be human. There is another period in human development that is relatively inaccessible, yet is more important. In order to truly understand the nature of core knowledge, perception, and cognition, we must start not with the infant, but with the fetus.","['D006801', 'D005333', 'D019359', 'D003071', 'D002657', 'D007223', 'D047109']"
38933826,Embryo transfer impact: a comprehensive national cohort analysis comparing maternal and neonatal outcomes across varied embryo stages in fresh and frozen transfers.,"The utilization of frozen embryo transfer not only enhances reproductive outcomes by elevating the likelihood of live birth and clinical pregnancy but also improves safety by mitigating the risks associated with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and multiple pregnancies. There has been an increasing debate in recent years regarding the advisability of making elective frozen embryo transfer the standard practice. Our study aims to determine the optimal choice between fresh and frozen embryo transfer, as well as whether the transfer should occur at the cleavage or blastocyst stage.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D004624', 'D000328', 'D012189', 'D015925', 'D011256', 'D007231', 'D013624', 'D018873', 'D015331', 'D005307', 'D050498', 'D001755']"
38932535,[Fetal electrocardiogram signal extraction based on multi-scale residual shrinkage U-Net].,"In the extraction of fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, due to the unicity of the scale of the U-Net same-level convolution encoder, the size and shape difference of the ECG characteristic wave between mother and fetus are ignored, and the time information of ECG signals is not used in the threshold learning process of the encoder's residual shrinkage module. In this paper, a method of extracting fetal ECG signal based on multi-scale residual shrinkage U-Net model is proposed. First, the Inception and time domain attention were introduced into the residual shrinkage module to enhance the multi-scale feature extraction ability of the same level convolution encoder and the utilization of the time domain information of fetal ECG signal. In order to maintain more local details of ECG waveform, the maximum pooling in U-Net was replaced by Softpool. Finally, the decoder composed of the residual module and up-sampling gradually generated fetal ECG signals. In this paper, clinical ECG signals were used for experiments. The final results showed that compared with other fetal ECG extraction algorithms, the method proposed in this paper could extract clearer fetal ECG signals. The sensitivity, positive predictive value, and F1 scores in the 2013 competition data set reached 93.33%, 99.36%, and 96.09%, respectively, indicating that this method can effectively extract fetal ECG signals and has certain application values for perinatal fetal health monitoring.","['D006801', 'D004562', 'D012815', 'D011247', 'D000465', 'D005260', 'D005323', 'D005333']"
38932210,Human Cytomegalovirus Dysregulates Cellular Dual-Specificity Tyrosine Phosphorylation-Regulated Kinases and Sonic Hedgehog Pathway Proteins in Neural Astrocyte and Placental Models.,"Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the leading non-genetic cause of congenital malformation in developed countries, causing significant fetal injury, and in some cases fetal death. The pathogenetic mechanisms through which this host-specific virus infects then damages both the placenta and the fetal brain are currently ill-defined. We investigated the CMV modulation of key signaling pathway proteins for these organs including dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRK) and Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway proteins using human first trimester placental trophoblast (TEV-1) cells, primary human astrocyte (NHA) brain cells, and CMV-infected human placental tissue. Immunofluorescence demonstrated the accumulation and re-localization of SHH proteins in CMV-infected TEV-1 cells with Gli2, Ulk3, and Shh re-localizing to the CMV cytoplasmic virion assembly complex (VAC). In CMV-infected NHA cells, DYRK1A re-localized to the VAC and DYRK1B re-localized to the CMV nuclear replication compartments, and the SHH proteins re-localized with a similar pattern as was observed in TEV-1 cells. Western blot analysis in CMV-infected TEV-1 cells showed the upregulated expression of Rb, Ulk3, and Shh, but not Gli2. In CMV-infected NHA cells, there was an upregulation of DYRK1A, DYRK1B, Gli2, Rb, Ulk3, and Shh. These in vitro monoculture findings are consistent with patterns of protein upregulation and re-localization observed in naturally infected placental tissue and CMV-infected ex vivo placental explant histocultures. This study reveals CMV-induced changes in proteins critical for fetal development, and identifies new potential targets for CMV therapeutic development.","['D006801', 'D053823', 'D003587', 'D011247', 'D010920', 'D001253', 'D005260', 'D011505', 'D003586', 'D015398', 'D017346', 'D010766', 'D014327', 'D000097603', 'D002460', 'D002478']"
38932183,Cytomegalovirus DNA Loads in Organs of Congenitally Infected Fetus.,"Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection poses significant risks to fetal development, particularly affecting the nervous system. This study reports a fetal autopsy case, examining cCMV infection and focusing on CMV DNA measurements in various fetal organs before formalin fixation, a novel approach for comprehensive CMV DNA evaluations in fetal organs affected by cCMV. A 20-week-old male fetus was diagnosed with cCMV following the detection of CMV DNA in ascites obtained via abdominocentesis in utero. After the termination of pregnancy, multiple organs of the fetus, including the cerebrum, thyroid gland, heart, lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys, and adrenal glands, were extracted and examined for CMV DNA loads using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Histopathological examination involved hematoxylin-eosin and CMV-specific immunostaining. A correlation was found between CMV DNA loads and pathology, with higher CMV-infected cell numbers observed in organs positively identified with both staining methods, exhibiting CMV DNA levels of ≥1.0 × 104 copies/mL, compared to those detected solely by CMV-specific immunostaining, where CMV DNA levels ranged from 1.0 × 103 to 1.0 × 104 copies/mL. These results highlight a quantifiable relationship between the organ infection extent and CMV DNA concentration, providing insights into cCMV pathogenesis and potentially informing future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cCMV infection.","['D003586', 'D006801', 'D003587', 'D004279', 'D019562', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D005333', 'D011247', 'D000328', 'D001344', 'D011251']"
38931215,Placental Epigenome Impacts Fetal Development: Effects of Maternal Nutrients and Gut Microbiota.,"Evidence is emerging on the role of maternal diet, gut microbiota, and other lifestyle factors in establishing lifelong health and disease, which are determined by transgenerationally inherited epigenetic modifications. Understanding epigenetic mechanisms may help identify novel biomarkers for gestation-related exposure, burden, or disease risk. Such biomarkers are essential for developing tools for the early detection of risk factors and exposure levels. It is necessary to establish an exposure threshold due to nutrient deficiencies or other environmental factors that can result in clinically relevant epigenetic alterations that modulate disease risks in the fetus. This narrative review summarizes the latest updates on the roles of maternal nutrients (n-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, vitamins) and gut microbiota on the placental epigenome and its impacts on fetal brain development. This review unravels the potential roles of the functional epigenome for targeted intervention to ensure optimal fetal brain development and its performance in later life.","['D006801', 'D011247', 'D047109', 'D005260', 'D000069196', 'D010920', 'D000081122', 'D039382', 'D044127', 'D000078622', 'D059808', 'D001921', 'D004032', 'D015525']"
38931212,Vitamin D Metabolites in Mother-Infant Dyads and Associated Clinical Outcomes in a Population of Nigerian Women.,"Low levels of vitamin D in maternal and cord blood have been associated with neonatal sepsis. This study assessed the association of vitamin D metabolites (25(OH)D, 3-epi-25(OH)D3, and 24,25(OH)2D3) levels in maternal and cord blood with newborn sepsis evaluation in Nigerian mother-infant dyads. Maternal and cord blood from 534 mothers and 536 newborns were processed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Spearman correlation was used to compare continuous variables, Mann-Whitney for dichotomous variables, and Kruskal-Wallis for two or more groups. High cord percent 3-epi-25(OH)D3 levels were positively associated with newborn evaluation for sepsis (p = 0.036), while maternal and cord 25(OH)D and 24,25(OH)2D3 levels were not. Being employed was positively associated with maternal and newborn 3-epi-25(OH)D3 concentrations (p = 0.007 and p = 0.005, respectively). The maternal 3-epi-25(OH)D3 and percent 3-epi-25(OH)D3 were positively associated with vaginal delivery (p = 0.013 and p = 0.012, respectively). Having a weight-for-age Z-score ≤ -2 was positively associated with newborn percent 3-epi-25(OH)D3 levels (p = 0.004), while a weight-for-length Z-score ≤ -3 was positively associated with maternal and newborn percent 3-epi-25(OH)D3 levels (p = 0.044 and p = 0.022, respectively). Our study highlights the need to further investigate the biological role of 3-epi-25(OH)D3 and its clinical significance in fetal growth and newborn outcome.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D009549', 'D007231', 'D000328', 'D005312', 'D014807', 'D011247', 'D014808', 'D055815', 'D000071074', 'D009035', 'D008297', 'D053719']"
38929632,Amnion as an Innovative Antiseptic Carrier: A Comparison of the Efficacy of Allogeneic and Xenogeneic Transplantations in the Context of Burn Therapy.,"Background and Objectives: The amniotic membrane is widely used in the treatment of chronic wounds, in toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and in the treatment of burns. In our clinical practice, we use amniotic dressings on shallow skin wounds caused by burns. Counteracting infections is an important aspect of working with burn wounds. Therefore, the main goals of this work are to demonstrate the usefulness of amniotic membrane soaked in antiseptics for the prevention of wound infections and to compare the antibacterial efficacy of selected variants of allogeneic and xenogeneic amniotic membrane grafts soaked in specific antiseptic agents. Materials and Methods: The studied material consisted of human and pig placenta. The human and animal amnions were divided in two parts. The first part consisted of amniotic discs placed on rigid mesh discs and preparing the fresh amnion. The second part of the amnion was frozen at a temperature of -80 °C for 24 h. Then, it was radio-sterilized with a dose of 35 kGy. The amniotic discs were placed on rigid mesh to prepare the radiation-sterilized amnion. The amniotic discs were placed in a 12-well plate and immersed in 3 mL of the appropriate antiseptic solutions: Prontosan, Braunol, Borasol, Microdacyn, Octenilin, Sutrisept, and NaCl as a control. The amniotic discs were incubated in antiseptics for 3 h. The microbiological tests were conducted by placing the antiseptic-infused amniotic discs on microbiological media inoculated with hospital strains. Results: The largest average zone of growth inhibition was observed in dressings soaked with Sutrisept, Braunol, and Prontosan. The greatest inhibition of bacterial growth was achieved for radiation-sterilized porcine amnion impregnated with Braunol and Sutrisept, as well as for radiation-sterilized human amnion impregnated with Braunol. Conclusions: Human and porcine amniotic membrane is effective in carrying antiseptics. Radiation-sterilized amnion seems to inhibit the growth of microorganisms better than fresh amnion.","['D000650', 'D006801', 'D000891', 'D002056', 'D000818', 'D013552', 'D005260', 'D014184', 'D014183']"
38929602,Sutureless Dehydrated Amniotic Membrane (Omnigen) Application Using a Specialised Bandage Contact Lens (OmniLenz) for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease: A 6-Month Randomised Control Trial.,"Background and Objectives: Dry Eye Disease (DED) is a chronic condition characterised by tear film instability and ocular surface disruption, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. This study aimed to provide top-level clinical evidence for the long-term efficacy of dehydrated amniotic membrane (dAM, Omnigen®) delivered via a specialised bandage contact lens (sBCL, OmniLenz) for managing moderate-to-severe DED. Materials and Methods: This randomised controlled trial (NCT04553432) involved 93 participants with moderate-to-severe DED, randomised to receive a 1-week bilateral treatment of either dAM (17 mm diameter with 6 mm central 'window') applied under a sBCL or sBCL alone. Participants were assessed at baseline and followed up at 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatment. Outcomes included changes in symptomatology, tear film and ocular surface measurements, and in vivo confocal microscopy imaging of corneal nerve parameters and corneal dendritic cell (CDC) counts. Results: The dAM-sBCL group demonstrated a 65% reduction in OSDI scores at 6 months (p < 0.001), with 88% of participants showing improvement at 1 month. Corneal staining was significantly reduced in both groups. dAM-sBCL provided significant improvements in corneal nerve parameters at 1 month, with sustained positive trends at 3 months. Additionally, dAM-sBCL significantly reduced mature CDC counts, suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect. Conclusions: Treatment with dAM-sBCL for just 1 week significantly and rapidly improved dry eye symptoms as well as ocular surface signs for at least 3 months. It also enhanced corneal nerve health while reducing activated/mature corneal inflammatory cell numbers, presenting a safe and promising new treatment for moderate-to-severe DED.","['D006801', 'D015352', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000650', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D003261', 'D016896', 'D000368', 'D011788', 'D001458', 'D003315']"
38928298,Signaling Role of Pericytes in Vascular Health and Tissue Homeostasis.,"Pericytes are multipotent cells embedded within the vascular system, primarily surrounding capillaries and microvessels where they closely interact with endothelial cells. These cells are known for their intriguing properties due to their heterogeneity in tissue distribution, origin, and multifunctional capabilities. Specifically, pericytes are essential in regulating blood flow, promoting angiogenesis, and supporting tissue homeostasis and regeneration. These multifaceted roles draw on pericytes' remarkable ability to respond to biochemical cues, interact with neighboring cells, and adapt to changing environmental conditions. This review aims to summarize existing knowledge on pericytes, emphasizing their versatility and involvement in vascular integrity and tissue health. In particular, a comprehensive view of the major signaling pathways, such as PDGFβ/ PDGFRβ, TGF-β, FOXO and VEGF, along with their downstream targets, which coordinate the behavior of pericytes in preserving vascular integrity and promoting tissue regeneration, will be discussed. In this light, a deeper understanding of the complex signaling networks defining the phenotype of pericytes in healthy tissues is crucial for the development of targeted therapies in vascular and degenerative diseases.","['D020286', 'D006801', 'D015398', 'D006706', 'D000818', 'D018919', 'D020797']"
38928202,Modeling of Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) Dysfunction and Immune Cell Migration Using Human BBB-on-a-Chip for Drug Discovery Research.,"Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is a key feature in neuroimmunological and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we developed a microfluidic human BBB-on-a-chip to model barrier dysfunction and immune cell migration using immortalized TY10 brain endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes. It was found that immortalized TY10 brain endothelial cells developed a microvascular structure under flow. Pericytes were localized on the basal side surrounding the TY10 microvascular structure, showing an in vivo-like structure. Barrier integrity increased under co-culture with pericytes. In addition, both ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and anti-Claudin-5 (CLDN5) neutralizing antibody caused a decrease in the transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER). EDTA caused the leakage of 20 kDa dextran, suggesting different effects on the BBB based on the mechanism of action, whereas anti-CLDN5 antibody did not cause leakage. In the tri-culture model, human T cells migrated through endothelial vessels towards basal C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12). The live-imaging analysis confirmed the extravasation of fluorescence-labelled T cells in a CXCL12-concentration- and time-dependent manner. Our BBB model had an in vivo-like structure and successfully represented barrier dysfunction and transendothelial T cell migration. In addition, our study suggests that the inhibition of CLDN5 attenuates the BBB in humans. This platform has various potential uses in relation to the BBB in both drug discovery research and in elucidating the mechanisms of central nervous system diseases.","['D006801', 'D001812', 'D002465', 'D056656', 'D042783', 'D055808', 'D018920', 'D020286', 'D062507', 'D001253', 'D054377', 'D013601']"
38928167,Maternal Hypermethylated Genes Contribute to Intrauterine Growth Retardation of Piglets in Rongchang Pigs.,"The placenta is a crucial determinant of fetal survival, growth, and development. Deficiency in placental development directly causes intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). IUGR can lead to fetal growth restriction and an increase in the mortality rate. The genetic mechanisms underlying IUGR development, however, remain unclear. In the present study, we integrated whole-genome DNA methylation and transcriptomic analyses to determine distinct gene expression patterns in various placental tissues to identify pivotal genes that are implicated with IUGR development. By performing RNA-sequencing analysis, 1487 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 737 upregulated and 750 downregulated genes, were identified in IUGR pigs (H_IUGR) compared with that in normal birth weight pigs (N_IUGR) (p < 0.05); furthermore, 77 miRNAs, 1331 lncRNAs, and 61 circRNAs were differentially expressed. The protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed that among these DEGs, the genes GNGT1, ANXA1, and CDC20 related to cellular developmental processes and blood vessel development were the key genes associated with the development of IUGR. A total of 495,870 differentially methylated regions were identified between the N_IUGR and H_IUGR groups, which included 25,053 differentially methylated genes (DMEs); moreover, the overall methylation level was higher in the H_IUGR group than in the N_IUGR group. Combined analysis showed an inverse correlation between methylation levels and gene expression. A total of 1375 genes involved in developmental processes, tissue development, and immune system regulation exhibited methylation differences in gene expression levels in the promoter regions and gene ontology regions. Five genes, namely, ANXA1, ADM, NRP2, SHH, and SMAD1, with high methylation levels were identified as potential contributors to IUGR development. These findings provide valuable insights that DNA methylation plays a crucial role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and mammalian development and that DNA-hypermethylated genes contribute to IUGR development in Rongchang pigs.","['D000818', 'D005317', 'D019175', 'D013552', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D010920', 'D020869', 'D060066', 'D044127', 'D035683', 'D059467', 'D053263']"
38928055,Galectin-13 and Laeverin Levels Interfere with Human Fetoplacental Growth.,"Galectin-13 (Gal-13) is predominantly produced by the syncytiotrophoblast, while laeverin is expressed on the outgrowing extravillous trophoblast, and both are thought to be biomarkers of preeclampsia. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between concentrations of Gal-13 and laeverin measured in maternal serum and amniotic fluid at 16-22 weeks of gestation and the sonographic assessment of the fetoplacental measurements. Fetal biometric data and placental volume and perfusion indices were measured in 62 singleton pregnancies. Serum and amniotic levels of Gal-13 and laeverin levels were measured using a sandwich ELISA. Both amniotic fluid and serum Gal-13 levels expressed a negative correlation to the plasma laeverin level in mid-pregnancy. Serum laeverin level correlated positively with the gestational length at delivery (β = 0.39, p < 0.05), while the amniotic laeverin level correlated well with the abdominal circumference of the fetus (β = 0.44, p < 0.05). Furthermore, laeverin level in the amnion correlated positively with the estimated fetal weight (β = 0.48, p < 0.05) and with the placental volume (β = 0.32, p < 0.05). Logistic regression analyses revealed that a higher circulating Gal-13 level represents a slightly significant risk factor (OR: 1.01) for hypertension-related diseases during pregnancy. It is a novelty that laeverin can be detected in the amniotic fluid, and amnion laeverin concentration represents a potential biomarker of fetoplacental growth.","['D006801', 'D011247', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D037161', 'D010920', 'D000653', 'D015415', 'D011225', 'D047109', 'D005865', 'D011257', 'D045726']"
38927639,Placental Transcriptome Analysis in Connection with Low Litter Birth Weight Phenotype (LBWP) Sows.,"It is possible to identify sub-populations of sows in every pig herd that consistently give birth to low birth weight (BW) piglets, irrespective of the litter size. A previous study from our group demonstrated that placental development is a main factor affecting the litter birth weight phenotype (LBWP) in sows, thereby impacting the BW of entire litters, but the biological and molecular pathways behind this phenomenon are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the differential gene expression in placental tissues at day 30 of gestation between low LBWP (LLBWP) vs. high LBWP (HLBWP) sows from a purebred Large White maternal line. Using mRNA sequencing, we found 45 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in placental tissues of LLBWP and HLBWP sows. Furthermore, (GO) enrichment of upregulated DEGs predicted that there were two biological processes significantly related to cornification and regulation of cell population proliferation. To better understand the molecular interaction between cell proliferation and cornification, we conducted transcriptional factor binding site (TFBS) prediction analysis. The results indicated that a highly significant TFBS was located at the 5' upstream of all four upregulated genes (CDSN, DSG3, KLK14, KRT17), recognized by transcription factors EGR4 and FOSL1. Our findings provide novel insight into how transcriptional regulation of two different biological processes interact in placental tissues of LLBWP sows.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D010920', 'D013552', 'D001724', 'D059467', 'D008098', 'D010641', 'D020869']"
38927598,Prenatal Diagnosis of Cystic Fibrosis by Celocentesis.,"Celocentesis is a new sampling tool for prenatal diagnosis available from 7 weeks in case of couples at risk for genetic diseases. In this study, we reported the feasibility of earlier prenatal diagnosis by celocentesis in four cases of cystic fibrosis and one case of cystic fibrosis and β-thalassemia co-inherited in the same fetus. Celomic fluids were aspired from the celomic cavity between 8+2 and 9+3 weeks of gestation and fetal cells were picked up by micromanipulator. Maternal DNA contamination was tested and target regions of fetal DNA containing parental pathogenetic variants of CFTR and HBB genes were amplified and sequenced. Four of the five fetuses resulted as being affected by cystic fibrosis and, in all cases, the women decided to interrupt the pregnancy. In the other case, the fetus presented a healthy carrier of cystic fibrosis. The results were confirmed in three cases on placental tissue. In one case, no abortive tissue was obtained. In the last case, the woman refused the prenatal diagnosis to confirm the celocentesis data; the pregnancy is ongoing without complications. This procedure provides prenatal diagnosis of monogenic diseases at least four weeks earlier than traditional procedures, reducing the anxiety of patients and providing the option for medical termination of the affected fetus at 8-10 weeks of gestation, which is less traumatic and safer than surgical termination in the second trimester.","['D006801', 'D003550', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D011296', 'D019005', 'D000328', 'D017086', 'D005333']"
38927123,Pioneer Transcription Factors: The First Domino in Zygotic Genome Activation.,"Zygotic genome activation (ZGA) is a pivotal event in mammalian embryogenesis, marking the transition from maternal to zygotic control of development. During the ZGA process that is characterized by the intricate cascade of gene expression, who tipped the first domino in a meticulously arranged sequence is a subject of paramount interest. Recently, Dux, Obox and Nr5a2 were identified as pioneer transcription factors that reside at the top of transcriptional hierarchy. Through co-option of retrotransposon elements as hubs for transcriptional activation, these pioneer transcription factors rewire the gene regulatory network, thus initiating ZGA. In this review, we provide a snapshot of the mechanisms underlying the functions of these pioneer transcription factors. We propose that ZGA is the starting point where the embryo's own genome begins to influence development trajectory, therefore in-depth dissecting the functions of pioneer transcription factors during ZGA will form a cornerstone of our understanding for early embryonic development, which will pave the way for advancing our grasp of mammalian developmental biology and optimizing in vitro production (IVP) techniques.","['D015053', 'D000818', 'D014157', 'D006801', 'D016678', 'D018507', 'D047108', 'D018626', 'D015533', 'D018398']"
38927094,Paradoxes: Cholesterol and Hypoxia in Preeclampsia.,"Preeclampsia, a hypertensive disease of pregnancy of unknown etiology, is intensely studied as a model of cardiovascular disease (CVD) not only due to multiple shared pathologic elements but also because changes that develop over decades in CVD appear and resolve within days in preeclampsia. Those affected by preeclampsia and their offspring experience increased lifetime risks of CVD. At the systemic level, preeclampsia is characterized by increased cellular, membrane, and blood levels of cholesterol; however, cholesterol-dependent signaling, such as canonical Wnt/βcatenin, Hedgehog, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, is downregulated indicating a cholesterol deficit with the upregulation of cholesterol synthesis and efflux. Hypoxia-related signaling in preeclampsia also appears to be paradoxical with increased Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in the placenta but measurably increased oxygen in maternal blood in placental villous spaces. This review addresses the molecular mechanisms by which excessive systemic cholesterol and deficient cholesterol-dependent signaling may arise from the effects of dietary lipid variance and environmental membrane modifiers causing the cellular hypoxia that characterizes preeclampsia.","['D006801', 'D011225', 'D011247', 'D005260', 'D002784', 'D000860', 'D010920', 'D015398', 'D000818']"
38926985,[Clinical Observation on Haploid Hematopoietic Stem Cells Combined with Umbilical Cord Blood Double Transplantation for Aplastic Anaemia in Children].,To explore the efficacy and safety of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation combined with umbilical cord blood infusion for the treatment of aplastic anaemia in children.,"['D006801', 'D000741', 'D002648', 'D018380', 'D002675', 'D006086', 'D012189', 'D000293', 'D036101', 'D005312', 'D000075442', 'D008297', 'D005260']"
38926883,Single-cell RNA sequencing of human oocytes reveals a differential transcriptomic profile associated with agar-like zona pellucida.,"Agar-like zona pellucida (ZP) is the most common type of abnormal ZP, and is one of the causes of low fertility or infertility. However, the molecular mechanism of agar-like ZP is unclear. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis was used to assess the cellular and molecular landscape of oocytes with agar-like ZP.","['D006801', 'D009865', 'D005260', 'D015044', 'D059467', 'D059010', 'D017423', 'D020869', 'D000328']"
38926806,Association between maternal age and sex-based neonatal free triiodothyronine levels.,Advanced maternal age may affect the intrauterine environment and increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. Thyroid hormones are critical for fetal neurological development but whether maternal age influences fetal thyroid hormone levels in euthyroid mothers is unknown.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008423', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D011247', 'D005312', 'D007231', 'D014284', 'D012737', 'D013960', 'D013972']"
38926800,Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway enhances exosome production by hucMSCs and improves their capability to promote diabetic wound healing.,"The use of stem cell-derived exosomes (Exos) as therapeutic vehicles is receiving increasing attention. Exosome administration has several advantages over cell transplantation, thus making exosomes promising candidates for large-scale clinical implementation and commercialization. However, exosome extraction and purification efficiencies are relatively low, and therapeutic heterogeneity is high due to differences in culture conditions and cell viability. Therefore, in this study, we investigated a priming procedure to enhance the production and therapeutic effects of exosomes from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs). After preconditioning hucMSCs with agonists/inhibitors that target the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, we assessed both the production of exosomes and the therapeutic efficacy of the optimized exosomes in the context of diabetic wound healing, hoping to provide a safer, more stable and more effective option for clinical application.","['D055354', 'D014945', 'D059630', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D060449', 'D051379', 'D014470', 'D011725', 'D003921', 'D011743', 'D008297', 'D002478', 'D002465']"
38925694,Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for the treatment of acute-on-chronic liver failure: protocol for a multicentre random double-blind placebo-controlled trial.,"Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a prevalent and life-threatening liver disease with high short-term mortality. Although recent clinical trials on the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for ACLF treatment have shown promising results, multicentre randomised controlled phase II clinical trials remain uncommon. The primary aim of this trial is to assess the safety and efficacy of different MSCs treatment courses for ACLF.","['D006801', 'D065290', 'D004311', 'D045164', 'D014470', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D016032', 'D015337', 'D008875', 'D016896']"
38920694,"Off-the-Shelf Cord-Blood Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Production, Quality Control, and Clinical Use.","Background Recently, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have gained recognition for their clinical utility in transplantation to induce tolerance and to improve/replace pharmacological immunosuppression. Cord blood (CB)-derived MSCs are particularly attractive for their immunological naivety and peculiar anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties.","['D006801', 'D059630', 'D005312', 'D011786', 'D005260', 'D045164', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D000293', 'D000368', 'D055815', 'D002648']"
38920652,The Expression of a Subset of Aging and Antiaging Markers Following the Chondrogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Placental Origin.,"Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of placental origin hold great promise in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for diseases affecting cartilage and bone. However, their utility has been limited by their tendency to undergo premature senescence and phenotypic drift into adipocytes. This study aimed to explore the potential involvement of a specific subset of aging and antiaging genes by measuring their expression prior to and following in vitro-induced differentiation of placental MSCs into chondrocytes and osteoblasts as opposed to adipocytes. The targeted genes of interest included the various LMNA/C transcript variants (lamin A, lamin C, and lamin A∆10), sirtuin 7 (SIRT7), and SM22α, along with the classic aging markers plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), p53, and p16INK4a. MSCs were isolated from the decidua basalis of human term placentas, expanded, and then analyzed for phenotypic properties by flow cytometry and evaluated for colony-forming efficiency. The cells were then induced to differentiate in vitro into chondrocytes, osteocytes, and adipocytes following established protocols. The mRNA expression of the targeted genes was measured by RT-qPCR in the undifferentiated cells and those fully differentiated into the three cellular lineages. Compared to undifferentiated cells, the differentiated chondrocytes demonstrated decreased expression of SIRT7, along with decreased PAI-1, lamin A, and SM22α expression, but the expression of p16INK4a and p53 increased, suggesting their tendency to undergo premature senescence. Interestingly, the cells maintained the expression of lamin C, which indicates that it is the primary lamin variant influencing the mechanoelastic properties of the differentiated cells. Notably, the expression of all targeted genes did not differ from the undifferentiated cells following osteogenic differentiation. On the other hand, the differentiation of the cells into adipocytes was associated with decreased expression of lamin A and PAI-1. The distinct patterns of expression of aging and antiaging genes following in vitro-induced differentiation of MSCs into chondrocytes, osteocytes, and adipocytes potentially reflect specific roles for these genes during and following differentiation in the fully functional cells. Understanding these roles and the network of signaling molecules involved can open opportunities to improve the handling and utility of MSCs as cellular precursors for the treatment of cartilage and bone diseases.","['D006801', 'D059630', 'D005260', 'D010920', 'D002454', 'D020219', 'D011247', 'D010012', 'D015415', 'D016922', 'D019902', 'D000375', 'D034904']"
38920640,Different Lengths of Gestational Exposure to Secondhand Smoke or e-Cigarette Vapor Induce the Development of Placental Disease Symptoms.,"Exposure to cigarette smoke is known to induce disease during pregnancy. Recent evidence showed that exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) negatively impacts fetal and placental weights, leading to the development of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Electronic cigarettes (eCigs) represent a phenomenon that has recently emerged, and their use is also steadily rising. Even so, the effects of SHS or eCigs during gestation remain limited. In the present study, we wanted to characterize the effects of SHS or eCig exposure at two different important gestational points during mouse pregnancy. C57/Bl6 mice were exposed to SHS or eCigs via a nose-only delivery system for 4 days (from 14.5 to 17.5 gestational days (dGA) or for 6 days (from 12.5 dGA to 17.5 dGA)). At the time of necropsy (18.5 dGA), placental and fetal weights were recorded, maternal blood pressure was determined, and a dipstick test to measure proteinuria was performed. Placental tissues were collected, and inflammatory molecules in the placenta were identified. Treatment with SHS showed the following: (1) a significant decrease in placental and fetal weights following four days of exposure, (2) higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure following six days of exposure, and (3) increased proteinuria after six days of exposure. Treatment with eCigs showed the following: (1) a significant decrease in placental weight and fetal weight following four or six days of exposure, (2) higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure following six days of exposure, and (3) increased proteinuria after six days of exposure. We also observed different inflammatory markers associated with the development of IUGR or PE. We conclude that the detrimental effects of SHS or eCig treatment coincide with the length of maternal exposure. These results could be beneficial in understanding the long-term effects of SHS or eCig exposure in the development of placental diseases.","['D011247', 'D005260', 'D000818', 'D014028', 'D051379', 'D008810', 'D010920', 'D010922', 'D000079522', 'D018811', 'D001794', 'D005317', 'D066300']"
38920627,In Vitro Culture of Mammalian Embryos: Is There Room for Improvement?,"Preimplantation embryo culture, pivotal in assisted reproductive technology (ART), has lagged in innovation compared to embryo selection advancements. This review examines the persisting gap between in vivo and in vitro embryo development, emphasizing the need for improved culture conditions. While in humans this gap is hardly estimated, animal models, particularly bovines, reveal clear disparities in developmental competence, cryotolerance, pregnancy and live birth rates between in vitro-produced (IVP) and in vivo-derived (IVD) embryos. Molecular analyses unveil distinct differences in morphology, metabolism, and genomic stability, underscoring the need for refining culture conditions for better ART outcomes. To this end, a deeper comprehension of oviduct physiology and embryo transport is crucial for grasping embryo-maternal interactions' mechanisms. Research on autocrine and paracrine factors, and extracellular vesicles in embryo-maternal tract interactions, elucidates vital communication networks for successful implantation and pregnancy. In vitro, confinement, and embryo density are key factors to boost embryo development. Advanced dynamic culture systems mimicking fluid mechanical stimulation in the oviduct, through vibration, tilting, and microfluidic methods, and the use of innovative softer substrates, hold promise for optimizing in vitro embryo development.","['D000818', 'D006801', 'D046149', 'D004622', 'D047108', 'D011247', 'D005260', 'D001755']"
38919582,Association Between Dietary Phytochemical Index and Neonatal Thyroid Function.,"Background: Thyroid hormones regulate fetal growth and differentiation of several tissues. Maternal dietary patterns may be correlated with changes in the level of neonatal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). We hypothesized that since maternal nutrition affects birth weight and offspring growth, it may also impact endocrine patterns in offspring. This study is aimed at assessing the relationship between maternal dietary phytochemical index (DPI) in the first trimester of pregnancy and neonatal cord blood thyroid hormone levels. Methods: This cross-sectional study is a substudy of a birth cohort. Overall, 216 mothers, aged 16-45 years, were recruited in their first trimester of pregnancy. To calculate DPI, the daily energy percentage of phytochemical-rich foods was divided by the total daily energy intake. At delivery time, TSH and free thyroxine (FT4) levels were measured in cord blood samples using chemiluminescence immunoassay. Results: The mean (standard deviation (SD)) age of mothers was 29.56 (5.50) years, and 47% of newborns were girls. The mean (SD) of DPI in the first, second, third, and fourth quartiles was 25.03 ± 4.67, 33.87 ± 2.18, 40.64 ± 2.10, and 51.17 ± 4.98, respectively. There was not any significant correlation between DPI score with cord serum TSH and FT4 levels in crude and adjusted analysis. Conclusion: No significant relationship between maternal DPI with cord serum TSH and FT4 levels was shown. Limited experience exists about the effect of maternal diet quality indices on neonatal thyroid function, and further studies are needed in this regard.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D007231', 'D003430', 'D011247', 'D013972', 'D055815', 'D013974', 'D000293', 'D005312', 'D008297', 'D064209', 'D004032', 'D013961', 'D039382', 'D008875', 'D013960']"
38918792,Maternal SARS-CoV-2 impacts fetal placental macrophage programs and placenta-derived microglial models of neurodevelopment.,"The SARS-CoV-2 virus activates maternal and placental immune responses. Such activation in the setting of other infections during pregnancy is known to impact fetal brain development. The effects of maternal immune activation on neurodevelopment are mediated at least in part by fetal brain microglia. However, microglia are inaccessible for direct analysis, and there are no validated non-invasive surrogate models to evaluate in utero microglial priming and function. We have previously demonstrated shared transcriptional programs between microglia and Hofbauer cells (HBCs, or fetal placental macrophages) in mouse models.","['D005260', 'D011247', 'D017628', 'D006801', 'D010920', 'D000086382', 'D008264', 'D011251', 'D000086402', 'D005333', 'D000328', 'D001921', 'D051379', 'D000818']"
38918446,Fetal cord plasma herpesviruses and preeclampsia: an observational cohort study.,"A previous study suggested that fetal inheritance of chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 (ici-HHV6) is associated with the hypertensive pregnancy disorder preeclampsia (PE). We aimed to study this question utilizing cord plasma samples (n = 1276) of the Finnish Genetics of Preeclampsia Consortium (FINNPEC) cohort: 539 from a pregnancy with PE and 737 without. We studied these samples and 30 placentas from PE pregnancies by a multiplex qPCR for the DNAs of all nine human herpesviruses. To assess the population prevalence of iciHHV-6, we studied whole-genome sequencing data from blood-derived DNA of 3421 biobank subjects. Any herpes viral DNA was detected in only two (0.37%) PE and one (0.14%) control sample (OR 2.74, 95% CI 0.25-30.4). One PE sample contained iciHHV-6B and another HHV-7 DNA. The control's DNA was of iciHHV-6B; the fetus having growth restriction and preterm birth without PE diagnosis. Placentas showed no herpesviruses. In the biobank data, 3 of 3421 subjects (0.08%) had low level HHV-6B but no iciHHV-6. While iciHHV-6 proved extremely rare, both fetuses with iciHHV-6B were growth-restricted, preterm, and from a pregnancy with maternal hypertension. Our findings suggest that human herpesviruses are not a significant cause of PE, whereas iciHHV-6 may pose some fetal risk.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D011225', 'D000328', 'D015654', 'D015331', 'D005312', 'D005387', 'D004279', 'D010920', 'D006564']"
38918406,Shape of the first mitotic spindles impacts multinucleation in human embryos.,"During human embryonic development, early cleavage-stage embryos are more susceptible to errors. Studies have shown that many problems occur during the first mitosis, such as direct cleavage, chromosome segregation errors, and multinucleation. However, the mechanisms whereby these errors occur during the first mitosis in human embryos remain unknown. To clarify this aspect, in the present study, we image discarded living human two-pronuclear stage zygotes using fluorescent labeling and confocal microscopy without microinjection of DNA or mRNA and investigate the association between spindle shape and nuclear abnormality during the first mitosis. We observe that the first mitotic spindles vary, and low-aspect-ratio-shaped spindles tend to lead to the formation of multiple nuclei at the 2-cell stage. Moreover, we observe defocusing poles in many of the first mitotic spindles, which are strongly associated with multinucleation. Additionally, we show that differences in the positions of the centrosomes cause spindle abnormality in the first mitosis. Furthermore, many multinuclei are modified to form mononuclei after the second mitosis because the occurrence of pole defocusing is firmly reduced. Our study will contribute markedly to research on the occurrence of mitotic errors during the early cleavage of human embryos.","['D006801', 'D008941', 'D008938', 'D002467', 'D015053', 'D004622', 'D018613', 'D018385', 'D047108', 'D005260']"
38917866,Fish (eggs) out of water: evolutionary divergence in terrestrial embryonic plasticity in Trinidadian killifish.,"Externally laid eggs are often responsive to environmental cues; however, it is unclear how such plasticity evolves. In Trinidad, the killifish (Anablepsoides hartii) is found in communities with and without predators. Here, killifish inhabit shallower, ephemeral habitats in sites with predators. Such shifts may increase the exposure of eggs to air and lead to possible desiccation. We compared egg-hatching plasticity between communities by rearing eggs terrestrially on peat moss or in water. The timing of hatching did not differ between communities when eggs were reared in water. Eggs from sites with predators responded to terrestrial incubation by hatching significantly earlier compared with water-reared eggs. These responses were weaker in sites with no predators. Such divergent trends show that the presence of predators is associated with evolutionary shifts in hatching plasticity. Our results provide evidence for local adaptation in embryonic plasticity at the population scale.","['D000818', 'D023781', 'D014300', 'D005075', 'D017753', 'D010063', 'D000222', 'D011235', 'D007695']"
38917013,"An aggregated mitochondrial distribution in preimplantation embryos disrupts nuclear morphology, function, and developmental potential.","A dispersed cytoplasmic distribution of mitochondria is a hallmark of normal cellular organization. Here, we have utilized the expression of exogenous Trak2 in mouse oocytes and embryos to disrupt the dispersed distribution of mitochondria by driving them into a large cytoplasmic aggregate. Our findings reveal that aggregated mitochondria have minimal impact on asymmetric meiotic cell divisions of the oocyte. In contrast, aggregated mitochondria during the first mitotic division result in daughter cells with unequal sizes and increased micronuclei. Further, in two-cell embryos, microtubule-mediated centering properties of the mitochondrial aggregate prevent nuclear centration, distort nuclear shape, and inhibit DNA synthesis and the onset of embryonic transcription. These findings demonstrate the motor protein-mediated distribution of mitochondria throughout the cytoplasm is highly regulated and is an essential feature of cytoplasmic organization to ensure optimal cell function.","['D000818', 'D008928', 'D001755', 'D051379', 'D002467', 'D009865', 'D005260', 'D047108', 'D008870', 'D008938', 'D008540']"
38916687,"The current alternative for ocular surface and anophthalmic socket reconstruction, cryopreserved umbilical amniotic membrane (cUAM).","This report presents the results of using cryopreserved umbilical amniotic membrane (cUAM) as an alternative mucosal graft for ocular surface reconstruction in cases of anophthalmic socket contracture (ASC), cicatricial entropion (CE), and conjunctival-scleral defects.","['D006801', 'D000650', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D015925', 'D019651', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D000853', 'D004774', 'D000368', 'D003228', 'D012590', 'D003286', 'D005137', 'D003229']"
38914933,Deregulation of oxidative phosphorylation pathways in embryos derived in vitro from prepubertal and pubertal heifers based on whole-transcriptome sequencing.,"Although, oocytes from prepubertal donors are known to be less developmentally competent than those from adult donors it does not restrain their ability to produce full-term pregnancies. The transcriptomic profile of embryos could be used as a predictor for embryo's individual developmental competence. The aim of the study was to compare transcriptomic profile of blastocysts derived from prepubertal and pubertal heifers oocytes. Bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were obtained by ovum pick- up method from prepubertal and pubertal heifers. After in vitro maturation COCs were fertilized and cultured to the blastocyst stage. Total RNA was isolated from both groups of blastocysts and RNA-seq was performed. Gene ontology analysis was performed by DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery).","['D000818', 'D002417', 'D010085', 'D005260', 'D020869', 'D001755', 'D059467', 'D012741', 'D009865', 'D018507', 'D005307']"
38914681,Peracetic acid treatment of squid eggs infected with parasitic copepod (Ikanecator primus gen. et sp. nov.).,"Having been successfully bred in semi-intensive and intensive aquaculture systems, oval squids of the Sepioteuthis lessoniana species complex are emerging as promising candidates for research and industry. Nevertheless, information about pathogens and diseases that may affect squid aquaculture remains sparse. In this study, we identify new parasitic copepod species that causes squid mortality and decreases squid hatching rates, and we also offer a solution to eliminate the pathogen during incubation of squid eggs. The newly discovered copepod Ikanecator primus gen. et sp. nov. was identified on oval squid eggs for the first time using both morphological and molecular diagnostic markers. In the genomes of the copepod and associated microbiome, we identified multiple genes for enzymes involved in cephalopod eggshell degradation in genomes of the copepod and associated microbiome. Furthermore, we conducted experiments to assess efficacy of peracetic acid in inhibiting the I. primus gen. et sp. nov. both in vitro and in vivo using immersion treatment. We established that a 2-min exposure to a concentration of 250 μl/L of peracetic acid containing product (PAA-product; 35 mg/L PAA and 15 mg/L H2O2) inhibited the development of nauplii in vitro. All parasites exposed to a concentration of 500 μl/L of PAA-product (70 mg/L PAA and 30 mg/L H2O2) were eliminated within two minutes. On top of this, the immersion treatment with 500 μl/L of PAA-product (70 mg/L PAA and 30 mg/L H2O2) improved survival of squid embryos and increased size of squid hatchlings compared with control and the immersion treatment with 125 μl/L of PAA-product (17.5 mg/L PAA and 7.5 mg/L H2O2) and the immersion treatment with 250 μl/L of PAA-product (35 mg/L PAA and 15 mg/L H2O2). These findings suggest that PAA holds a great potential as inhibitor and controller of parasitic copepod infections and for overall health management in cephalopod culture.","['D000818', 'D049832', 'D033342', 'D010463', 'D010063', 'D017756']"
38912944,Amniotic bladder therapy: six-month follow up treating interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.,"Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is characterized by chronic pelvic pain and usually accompanies lower urinary tract symptoms. We have previously reported that amniotic bladder therapy (ABT) provides symptomatic improvement in refractory IC/BPS patients for up to 3 months. Herein, we evaluated the durability of ABT up to 6 months.","['D006801', 'D018856', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D005500', 'D008297', 'D013997', 'D000650', 'D016896', 'D017699']"
38906986,The evolving roles of extracellular vesicles in embryo-maternal communication.,"Mammalian reproduction relies on precise maternal-fetal communication, wherein immune modifications foster tolerance toward the semi-allogeneic embryo. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, have emerged as crucial mediators, transporting molecules like microRNAs securely. EVs influence various reproductive stages, from gamete maturation to implantation, and impact pathologies like pregnancy loss. In the embryo-maternal dialogue, EVs notably affect oviductal interactions, gene expression, and the embryo-endometrial interface, crucial for successful implantation. Key queries persist about EV uptake, cargo delivery, and the specific biomolecules driving communication. Their potential in diagnostics, therapeutics, and understanding environmental impacts on fertility signals an exciting future, reliant on collaborative efforts for transformative strides in reproductive health.","['D000067128', 'D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D000818', 'D008431', 'D004622', 'D002450', 'D010064', 'D035683']"
38906095,Toward developing human organs via embryo models and chimeras.,"Developing functional organs from stem cells remains a challenging goal in regenerative medicine. Existing methodologies, such as tissue engineering, bioprinting, and organoids, only offer partial solutions. This perspective focuses on two promising approaches emerging for engineering human organs from stem cells: stem cell-based embryo models and interspecies organogenesis. Both approaches exploit the premise of guiding stem cells to mimic natural development. We begin by summarizing what is known about early human development as a blueprint for recapitulating organogenesis in both embryo models and interspecies chimeras. The latest advances in both fields are discussed before highlighting the technological and knowledge gaps to be addressed before the goal of developing human organs could be achieved using the two approaches. We conclude by discussing challenges facing embryo modeling and interspecies organogenesis and outlining future prospects for advancing both fields toward the generation of human tissues and organs for basic research and translational applications.","['D006801', 'D000818', 'D002678', 'D038081', 'D023822', 'D004622', 'D008954', 'D047108', 'D044968', 'D009940']"
38905335,MOXD1 is a lineage-specific gene and a tumor suppressor in neuroblastoma.,"Neuroblastoma is a childhood developmental cancer; however, its embryonic origins remain poorly understood. Moreover, in-depth studies of early tumor-driving events are limited because of the lack of appropriate models. Herein, we analyzed RNA sequencing data obtained from human neuroblastoma samples and found that loss of expression of trunk neural crest-enriched gene MOXD1 associates with advanced disease and worse outcome. Further, by using single-cell RNA sequencing data of human neuroblastoma cells and fetal adrenal glands and creating in vivo models of zebrafish, chick, and mouse, we show that MOXD1 is a determinate of tumor development. In addition, we found that MOXD1 expression is highly conserved and restricted to mesenchymal neuroblastoma cells and Schwann cell precursors during healthy development. Our findings identify MOXD1 as a lineage-restricted tumor-suppressor gene in neuroblastoma, potentiating further stratification of these tumors and development of novel therapeutic interventions.","['D009447', 'D000818', 'D006801', 'D051379', 'D016147', 'D015972', 'D015027', 'D045744', 'D019070', 'D009432', 'D012583']"
38904187,Molecular regulators of defective placental and cardiovascular development in fetal growth restriction.,"Placental insufficiency is one of the major causes of fetal growth restriction (FGR), a significant pregnancy disorder in which the fetus fails to achieve its full growth potential in utero. As well as the acute consequences of being born too small, affected offspring are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and other chronic diseases in later life. The placenta and heart develop concurrently, therefore placental maldevelopment and function in FGR may have profound effect on the growth and differentiation of many organ systems, including the heart. Hence, understanding the key molecular players that are synergistically linked in the development of the placenta and heart is critical. This review highlights the key growth factors, angiogenic molecules and transcription factors that are common causes of defective placental and cardiovascular development.","['D006801', 'D005317', 'D011247', 'D005260', 'D010920', 'D010927', 'D000818', 'D002319', 'D036341']"
38902917,Intracranial Parasitic Fetus in a Living Infant: A Case Study with Surgical Intervention and Prognosis Analysis.,"BACKGROUND Fetus in fetu (FIF), or parasitic fetus, is a rare malformation that typically occurs in the retroperitoneum, but can be found in other unusual locations, such as the skull, sacrum, and mouth. The presence of a spine is necessary for diagnosis. CASE REPORT Intracranial FIFs were retrospectively studied. Abnormalities were detected in the fetal head during a 33-week prenatal examination; however, MRI could not provide more information, due to space occupation. A baby girl was born via cesarean delivery at 37 weeks, with a large head circumference. She had delays in motor skills and speech development, only able to say ""mom"". There was a large mass in the cerebral hemisphere, with a 13-cm maximum diameter, smooth boundary, and internal bone structure visible on head CT scan. Both ventricles and third ventricle had hydrops, with a fetal shape at a continuous level, along with apparent compression near the cerebral parenchyma. After performing preoperative examinations, laboratory tests, and surgical planning, craniotomy was performed on the FIF, under general anesthesia. Following complete mass resection, mouth, eye, arm, and hand shapes could be observed. The patient was unconscious after surgery and had seizures that were difficult to control. She died 12 days after surgery. Teratomas can be distinguished based on anatomy and imaging. Surgical resection is the only curative treatment and its prognosis is poor. CONCLUSIONS Intracranial FIF cases are rare and require early diagnosis and surgical treatment. Differentiating between FIF and teratoma is crucial, and monitoring alpha-fetoprotein levels after surgery can help detect recurrence.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D007231', 'D011379', 'D013724', 'D011247', 'D005333', 'D001932', 'D017809', 'D003399', 'D008279', 'D000328', 'D014057']"
38902907,Efficiency of embryo complementation and pluripotency maintenance following multiple passaging of in vitro-derived bovine embryos.,"Context Current methods to obtain bovine embryos of high genetic merit include approaches that require skilled techniques for low-efficiency cloning strategies. Aims The overall goal herein was to identify the efficacy of alternative methods for producing multiple embryos through blastomere complementation while determining maintenance of cell pluripotency. Methods Bovine oocytes were fertilised in vitro to produce 4-cell embryos from which blastomeres were isolated and cultured as 2-cell aggregates using a well-of-the-well system. Aggregates were returned to incubation up to 7days (Passage 1). A second passage of complement embryos was achieved by splitting 4-cell Passage 1 embryos. Passaged embryos reaching the blastocyst stage were characterised for cell number and cell lineage specification in replicate with non-reconstructed zona-intact embryos. Key results Passage 1 and 2 embryo complements yielded 29% and 25% blastocyst development, respectively. Passage 1 embryos formed blastocysts, but with a reduction in expression of SOX2 and decreased size compared to non-reconstructed zona-intact embryos. Passage 2 embryos had a complete lack of SOX2 expression and a reduction in transcript abundance of SOX2 and SOX17, suggesting loss of pluripotency markers that primarily affected inner cell mass (ICM) and hypoblast formation. Conclusions In vitro fertilised bovine embryos can be reconstructed with multiple passaging to generate genetically identical embryos. Increased passaging drives trophectoderm cell lineage specification while compromising ICM formation. Implications These results may provide an alternative strategy for producing genetically identical bovine embryos through blastomere complementation with applications towards the development of trophoblast and placental models of early development.","['D000818', 'D002417', 'D001755', 'D005307', 'D046149', 'D047108', 'D001757', 'D005260', 'D039904', 'D019976', 'D019070', 'D004622']"
38902778,"Transplantation of three mesenchymal stem cells for knee osteoarthritis, which cell and type are more beneficial? a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","In knee osteoarthritis (KOA), treatments involving knee injections of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC), adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC), or umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC) have shown promise in alleviating symptoms. However, which types of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the best therapeutic outcomes remain uncertain.","['D006801', 'D020370', 'D045164', 'D016896', 'D000071076', 'D059630', 'D000273', 'D016059', 'D014470', 'D014182', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D010147']"
38902754,Late gestation fetal hypothyroidism alters cell cycle regulation across multiple organ systems.,"Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disruption observed in utero that adversely affects fetal growth and maturation leading to long-term impacts on health; however, the exact molecular mechanisms by which these deleterious effects occur are unknown. We hypothesize that fetal hypothyroidism during late gestation will disrupt cell cycle regulation in a tissue-specific manner. To evaluate this, eight pregnant gilts were dosed with either methimazole or an equivalent negative control during days 85-106 out of 114 days of gestation (n = 4/group). Following treatment, the gilts were humanely euthanized, and tissue samples of fetal heart, ileum, kidney, lung, liver, muscle, spleen, and thymus taken from two male and two female fetuses (n = 32) from each gilt.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D008713', 'D007037', 'D011247', 'D013552', 'D008297', 'D002453', 'D013956', 'D008099', 'D013553', 'D005333']"
38902732,The relationship between thyroid autoantibodies and X chromosome monosomy in the chorionic tissue of patients with missed miscarriage.,The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between thyroid autoantibodies (TGAb and TPOAb) and X chromosome monosomy in the chorionic tissue of patients with missed early miscarriage.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D001323', 'D041321', 'D011247', 'D009006', 'D000030', 'D002823', 'D013961', 'D055815']"
38902234,Gliovascular transcriptional perturbations in Alzheimer's disease reveal molecular mechanisms of blood brain barrier dysfunction.,"To uncover molecular changes underlying blood-brain-barrier dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease, we performed single nucleus RNA sequencing in 24 Alzheimer's disease and control brains and focused on vascular and astrocyte clusters as main cell types of blood-brain-barrier gliovascular-unit. The majority of the vascular transcriptional changes were in pericytes. Of the vascular molecular targets predicted to interact with astrocytic ligands, SMAD3, upregulated in Alzheimer's disease pericytes, has the highest number of ligands including VEGFA, downregulated in Alzheimer's disease astrocytes. We validated these findings with external datasets comprising 4,730 pericyte and 150,664 astrocyte nuclei. Blood SMAD3 levels are associated with Alzheimer's disease-related neuroimaging outcomes. We determined inverse relationships between pericytic SMAD3 and astrocytic VEGFA in human iPSC and zebrafish models. Here, we detect vast transcriptome changes in Alzheimer's disease at the gliovascular-unit, prioritize perturbed pericytic SMAD3-astrocytic VEGFA interactions, and validate these in cross-species models to provide a molecular mechanism of blood-brain-barrier disintegrity in Alzheimer's disease.","['D000544', 'D006801', 'D001812', 'D051900', 'D015027', 'D001253', 'D042461', 'D000818', 'D020286', 'D008297', 'D057026', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D059467', 'D001921', 'D000369', 'D004195']"
38899809,Combined analysis of the effects of hypoxia and oxidative stress on DNA methylation and the transcriptome in HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells.,"The alterations in DNA methylation and transcriptome in trophoblast cells under conditions of low oxygen and oxidative stress have major implications for pregnancy-related disorders. However, the exact mechanism is still not fully understood. In this study, we established models of hypoxia (H group) and oxidative stress (HR group) using HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells and performed combined analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation changes using reduced representation bisulphite sequencing and transcriptome expression changes using RNA sequencing. Our findings revealed that the H group exhibited a higher number of differentially methylated genes and differentially expressed genes than the HR group. In the H group, only 0.90% of all differentially expressed genes displayed simultaneous changes in DNA methylation and transcriptome expression. After the threshold was expanded, this number increased to 6.29% in the HR group. Notably, both the H group and HR group exhibited concurrent alterations in DNA methylation and transcriptome expression within Axon guidance and MAPK signalling pathway. Among the top 25 differentially methylated KEGG pathways in the promoter region, 11 pathways were commonly enriched in H group and HR group, accounting for 44.00%. Among the top 25 KEGG pathways in transcriptome with significant differences between the H group and HR group, 10 pathways were consistent, accounting for 40.00%. By integrating our previous data on DNA methylation from preeclamptic placental tissues, we identified that the ANKRD37 and PFKFB3 genes may contribute to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia through DNA methylation-mediated transcriptome expression under hypoxic conditions.","['D006801', 'D019175', 'D014327', 'D018384', 'D059467', 'D015687', 'D002460', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D020869', 'D005786', 'D025481']"
38899432,Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation improves the long COVID.,"No effective treatments can ameliorate symptoms of long COVID patients. Our study assessed the safety and efficacy of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) in the treatment of long COVID patients. Ten long COVID patients were enrolled and received intravenous infusions of UC-MSCs on Days 0, 7, and 14. Adverse events and clinical symptoms were recorded, and chest-high-resolution CT (HRCT) images and laboratory parameters were analyzed. During UC-MSCs treatment and follow-up, we did not observe serious adverse events, the symptoms of long COVID patients were significantly relieved in a short time, especially sleep difficulty, depression or anxiety, memory issues, and so forth, and the lung lesions were also repaired. The routine laboratory parameters did not exhibit any significant abnormalities following UC-MSCs transplantation (UMSCT). The proportion of regulatory T cells gradually increased, but it was not statistically significant until 12 months. The proportion of naive B cells was elevated, while memory B cells, class-switched B-cells, and nonswitched B-cells decreased at 1 month after infusion. Additionally, we observed a transient elevation in circulating interleukin (IL)-6 after UMSCT, while tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-17A, and IL-10 showed no significant changes. The levels of circulating immunoglobulin (Ig) M increased significantly at month 2, while IgA increased significantly at month 6. Furthermore, the SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels remained consistently high in all patients at Month 6, and there was no significant decrease during the subsequent 12-month follow-up. UMSCT was safe and tolerable in long COVID patients. It showed potential in alleviating long COVID symptoms and improving interstitial lung lesions.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D045164', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D014470', 'D059630', 'D000368', 'D016896', 'D000328', 'D000086402', 'D050378', 'D001402', 'D015850']"
38898774,The Role of Placental DNA Methylation at Reproduction-Related Genes in Associations between Prenatal Bisphenol Analogues Exposure and the Digit Ratio in Children at Age 4: A Birth Cohort Study.,"Placental DNA methylation (DNAm) may be a potential mechanism underlying the effects of prenatal bisphenol analogues (BPs) exposure on reproductive health. Based on the Shanghai-Minhang Birth Cohort Study (S-MBCS), this study investigated associations of placental DNAm at reproduction-related genes with prenatal BPs exposure and children's digit ratios at age 4 using multiple linear regression models, and mediation analysis was further used to examine the mediating role of placental DNAm in the associations between prenatal BPs exposure and digit ratios among 345 mother-child pairs. Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) was associated with hypermethylation at Protocadherin 8 (PCDH8), RBMX Like 2 (RBMXL2), and Sperm Acrosome Associated 1 (SPACA1), while bisphenol F (BPF) exposure was associated with higher methylation levels of Fibroblast Growth Factor 13 (FGF13). Consistent patterns were found in associations between higher DNAm at the 4 genes and increased digit ratios. Further mediation analysis showed that about 15% of the effect of BPF exposure on increased digit ratios was mediated by placental FGF13 methylation. In conclusion, the altered placental DNAm status might be a mediator underlying the feminizing effect of prenatal BPs exposure.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D019175', 'D011247', 'D010920', 'D010636', 'D015331', 'D011297', 'D008297', 'D001559', 'D000089822', 'D012098', 'D018811', 'D000328', 'D005385', 'D002675']"
38898078,"DNA replication in early mammalian embryos is patterned, predisposing lamina-associated regions to fragility.","DNA replication in differentiated cells follows a defined program, but when and how it is established during mammalian development is not known. Here we show using single-cell sequencing, that late replicating regions are established in association with the B compartment and the nuclear lamina from the first cell cycle after fertilization on both maternal and paternal genomes. Late replicating regions contain a relative paucity of active origins and few but long genes and low G/C content. In both bovine and mouse embryos, replication timing patterns are established prior to embryonic genome activation. Chromosome breaks, which form spontaneously in bovine embryos at sites concordant with human embryos, preferentially locate to late replicating regions. In mice, late replicating regions show enhanced fragility due to a sparsity of dormant origins that can be activated under conditions of replication stress. This pattern predisposes regions with long neuronal genes to fragility and genetic change prior to separation of soma and germ cell lineages. Our studies show that the segregation of early and late replicating regions is among the first layers of genome organization established after fertilization.","['D000818', 'D004261', 'D051379', 'D004622', 'D002417', 'D034881', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D006801', 'D047108', 'D016678', 'D059010']"
38956260,Correlation between bone mineral density and type 2 diabetes mellitus in elderly men and postmenopausal women.,"The relationship between bone mineral density and type 2 diabetes is still controversial. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly men and postmenopausal women. The participants in this study included 692 postmenopausal women and older men aged ≥ 50 years, who were divided into the T2DM group and non-T2DM control group according to whether or not they had T2DM. The data of participants in the two groups were collected from the inpatient medical record system and physical examination center systems, respectively, of the Tertiary Class A Hospital. All data analysis is performed in SPSS Software. Compared with all T2DM group, the BMD and T scores of lumbar spines 1-4 (L1-L4), left femoral neck (LFN) and all left hip joints (LHJ) in the non-T2DM group were significantly lower than those in the T2DM group (P < 0.05), and the probability of major osteoporotic fracture in the next 10 years (PMOF) was significantly higher than that in T2DM group (P < 0.001). However, with the prolongation of the course of T2DM, the BMD significantly decreased, while fracture risk and the prevalence of osteoporosis significantly increased (P < 0.05). We also found that the BMD of L1-4, LFN and LHJ were negatively correlated with homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P = 0.028, P = 0.01 and P = 0.047, respectively). The results also showed that the BMD of LHJ was positively correlated with indirect bilirubin (IBIL) (P = 0.018). Although the BMD was lower in the non-T2DM group than in the T2DM group, the prolongation of the course of T2DM associated with the lower BMD. And the higher prevalence of osteoporosis and fracture risk significantly associated with the prolongation of the course of T2DM. In addition, BMD was significantly associated with insulin resistance (IR) and bilirubin levels in T2DM patients.Registration number: China Clinical Trials Registry: MR-51-23-051741; https://www.medicalresearch.org.cn/search/research/researchView?id=c0e5f868-eca9-4c68-af58-d73460c34028 .","['D006801', 'D003924', 'D015519', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D017698', 'D008159', 'D010024', 'D005272', 'D012307', 'D058866', 'D015995']"
38956028,Sex differences in the association between vitamin D and prediabetes in adults: A cross-sectional study.,"Vitamin D status has been shown to be associated with prediabetes risk. However, epidemiologic evidence on whether sex modulates the association between vitamin D and prediabetes is limited. The present study investigated sex-specific associations between vitamin D and prediabetes.","['D006801', 'D011236', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D003430', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D014807', 'D014808', 'D012737', 'D015995', 'D007730']"
38955666,Amylase and lipase levels in the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: A longitudinal study in rhesus monkeys.,"Latent associations between low serum amylase and reduced plasma insulin levels and increased adiposity have been described previously in a small study of asymptomatic middle-aged humans. In the present study, we sought to determine the nature of such changes during the longitudinal progression from metabolically normal to overt type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in nonhuman primates (NHPs), a disease that appears to be the same in both pathophysiology and underlying mechanisms as that which most commonly develops in middle-aged adult humans. Amylase and lipase levels were characterized in 157 unrelated adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta); 38% developed T2DM while under study. In all monkeys, multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that amylase could be negatively predicted by % body fat (β -0.29; p = 0.002), age (β -0.27; p = 0.005), and HbA1c (β -0.18; p = 0.037). Amylase levels were positively predicted by lipase levels (β = 0.19; p = -0.024) in all NHPs included in the study. Amylase was significantly lower in NHPs with metabolic syndrome (p < 0.001), prediabetes (PreDM) (p < 0.001), and T2DM (p < 0.001) compared to metabolically normal adult NHPs. Lipase increased in NHPs with PreDM (p = 0.005) and T2DM (p = 0.04) compared to normal NHPs. This is the first longitudinal study of any species, including humans, to show the dynamics of amylase and lipase during the metabolic progression from normal to metabolic syndrome, to PreDM and then to overt T2DM. The extraordinary similarity between humans and monkeys in T2DM, in pancreatic pathophysiology and in metabolic functions give these findings high translational value.","['D000818', 'D008253', 'D003924', 'D008049', 'D008297', 'D024821', 'D008137', 'D000681', 'D005260']"
38954009,Clinical analysis of 23 cases of epidermoid cyst of testis in children.,"This study aims to examine the clinical characteristics and surgical management of pediatric testicular epidermoid cysts, thereby contributing to the existing body of knowledge pertinent to the diagnosis and therapeutic intervention s for this condition.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D004814', 'D012189', 'D002648', 'D002675', 'D013733', 'D000293', 'D007223', 'D013737', 'D014463', 'D013724']"
38953803,Public Health System's Preparedness to Address Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Rapid Assessment Survey of Health-care Providers in India.,Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders largely affecting women of reproductive age group.,"['D006801', 'D011085', 'D005260', 'D007194', 'D003430', 'D006282', 'D007722', 'D000328', 'D008297']"
38953725,Efficacy and safety of NTRK inhibitors in patients with NTRK fusion-positive lung and thyroid cancers.,"Neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) gene fusions are implicated in various cancers, including those of the lung and thyroid. The prevalence of NTRK fusions is 0.1 to 0.3% in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and as high as 26% in pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma. Detection methods include immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and next-generation sequencing. Management of NTRK fusion-positive lung cancer primarily involves targeted therapies, notably the tyrosine receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitors larotrectinib and entrectinib. Both agents demonstrate high response rates and durable disease control, particularly in metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung. They are preferred as first-line treatments because of their efficacy over immunotherapy. Possible adverse events include dizziness, weight gain, neuropathy-like pain, and liver enzyme elevation. Larotrectinib and entrectinib also produce robust and durable responses in NTRK fusion-positive thyroid cancer that is refractory to radioactive iodine. Second-generation TRK inhibitors that have been designed to overcome acquired resistance are under investigation.","['D006801', 'D047428', 'D013964', 'D008175', 'D007191', 'D011720', 'D015514', 'D011743', 'D020917', 'D001549', 'D016896']"
38953575,A2A adenosine receptor stimulation ameliorated diabetic-induced osteoporosis in rats.,"Diabetic osteoporosis is a common health problem that is associated with a disruption in bone metabolism. A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) signaling seems to play a critical role in bone homeostasis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of A2AAR stimulation on the treatment of diabetic-induced osteoporosis versus insulin treatment. Forty adult male rats were allocated into control (C), untreated diabetic-induced osteoporosis (DIO), insulin-treated DIO (I-DIO), and A2AAR agonist-treated DIO (A-DIO) groups. Both insulin and A2AAR agonist treatments significantly increased serum insulin level, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, bone expression of osteoprotegerin (Opg) and β-catenin (Ctnnb1), and cortical and trabecular bone thickness, whereas they decreased serum fasting glucose, malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), bone expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (Rankl), runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2), and sclerostin (Sost) versus the untreated DIO groups. A2AAR agonist treatment was more effective than insulin in ameliorating diabetic osteoporosis. This might be attributed to the upregulation of β-catenin gene expression, enhancing its anabolic effect on bone, in addition to the A2AAR agonist's anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic effects.","['D000818', 'D008297', 'D010024', 'D051381', 'D003921', 'D043705', 'D058908', 'D017207', 'D016896', 'D007328', 'D017208']"
38953265,[Progress in Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphatic Metastasis of Thyroid Carcinoma].,"Thyroid carcinoma is a common endocrine malignancy,with most cases being indolent.Lymphatic metastasis as a representative metastasis type defines the clinical stage and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma.The mechanism of lymphatic metastasis in malignancies has been a research hotspot for years,and certain progress being achieved.This article reviews the molecular markers of lymphatic vessels and their application in diagnosis and treatment of neoplasms,the mechanism and role of lymphangiogenesis in lymphatic metastasis,the tracing methods for sentinel lymph nodes by lymphatic drainage,and the use of ultrasound in cervical lymph node metastasis of thyroid carcinoma.Especially,this paper details the application of conventional ultrasound,transvenous contrast-enhanced ultrasound,and trans-lymphatic contrast-enhanced ultrasound in cervical lymph node metastasis of thyroid carcinoma.","['D006801', 'D013964', 'D042583', 'D008207']"
38953260,[Diagnostic Value of Ultrasound for Thyroid Nodules With a Spoke-Wheel Blood Flow Pattern].,"Objective To explore the diagnostic value of ultrasound for thyroid nodules with a spoke-wheel blood flow pattern.Methods The clinical data of the patients with thyroid nodules presenting a spoke-wheel blood flow pattern examined by ultrasound were collected,and the gray-scale ultrasound features of the nodules were recorded.The diagnostic performance of the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System by American College of Radiology (ACR TI-RADS),Chinese Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (C-TIRADS),and combined specific indicators for the thyroid nodules with a spoke-wheel blood flow pattern was evaluated by comparison with the pathological results,which was regarded as the gold standard.Results A total of 64 patients with thyroid nodules were finally included,including 47 patients with malignant nodules and 17 patients with benign nodules.In addition to the general ultrasound features,central scar mostly appeared in malignant nodules (χ2=5.968,P=0.015),while central coarse calcification was more common in benign nodules (χ2=10.899,P=0.001).After the combination of central scar and central gross calcification,the diagnostic performance of ACR TI-RADS and C-TIRADS was improved (both P<0.001).Conclusions When the thyroid nodule shows a spoke-wheel blood flow pattern,one should be cautious of the possibility of malignancy.Combining central scar and central coarse calcification can improve the accuracy of ultrasonic diagnosis.","['D006801', 'D016606', 'D008875', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D014463', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D055815']"
38953025,Causal role of immune cells in thyroid cancer: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.,"The immune system plays an important role in the development and treatment of thyroid cancer(THCA).However, the correlation between immune cells and THCA has not been systematically studied.","['D006801', 'D057182', 'D013964', 'D016130', 'D020022', 'D020641', 'D009000']"
38952757,Simultaneous granular cell tumor and seminoma in the descended testis of a cryptorchid rabbit.,"Testicular tumors are rarely reported in rabbits. In this case study, a 4-year-old Holland lop rabbit, previously diagnosed with unilateral cryptorchidism, was presented because of enlargement of the descended testis. The rabbit was clinically normal. Following unilateral orchiectomy and scrotal ablation, histopathological analysis revealed 2 distinct types of testicular tumor in the descended testis: a granular cell tumor and a seminoma. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first documented report of simultaneous testicular tumors in the testis of a rabbit with unilateral cryptorchidism.","['D000818', 'D008297', 'D011817', 'D013736', 'D003456', 'D018239', 'D016586', 'D009919']"
38952673,CD161+CD127+CD8+ T cell subsets can predict the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer with diabetes mellitus.,"The role of CD161+CD127+CD8+ T cells in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with diabetes remains unexplored. This study determined the prevalence, phenotype, and function of CD8+ T cell subsets in NSCLC with diabetes. We recruited NSCLC patients (n = 436) treated with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy as first-line treatment. The progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), T cells infiltration, and peripheral blood immunological characteristics were analyzed in NSCLC patients with or without diabetes. NSCLC patients with diabetes exhibited shorter PFS and OS (p = 0.0069 and p = 0.012, respectively) and significantly lower CD8+ T cells infiltration. Mass cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) showed a higher percentage of CD161+CD127+CD8+ T cells among CD8+T cells in NSCLC with diabetes before anti-PD-1 treatment (p = 0.0071) than that in NSCLC without diabetes and this trend continued after anti-PD-1 treatment (p = 0.0393). Flow cytometry and multiple-immunofluorescence confirmed that NSCLC with diabetes had significantly higher CD161+CD127+CD8+ T cells to CD8+T cells ratios than NSCLC patients without diabetes. The RNA-sequencing analysis revealed immune-cytotoxic genes were reduced in the CD161+CD127+CD8+ T cell subset compared to CD161+CD127-CD8+ T cells in NSCLC with diabetes. CD161+CD127+CD8+ T cells exhibited more T cell-exhausted phenotypes in NSCLC with diabetes. NSCLC patients with diabetes with ≥ 6.3% CD161+CD127+CD8+ T cells to CD8+T cells ratios showed worse PFS. These findings indicate that diabetes is a risk factor for NSCLC patients who undergo anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.CD161+CD127+CD8+ T cells could be a key indicator of a poor prognosis in NSCLC with diabetes. Our findings would help in advancing anti-PD-1 therapy in NSCLC patients with diabetes.","['D006801', 'D002289', 'D008175', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D018414', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D007167', 'D061026', 'D000082082', 'D053699', 'D003920', 'D016176', 'D011379', 'D000328']"
38952395,Natural history and surgical outcomes of Rathke's cleft cysts: a Spanish multicenter study.,"Rathke's cleft cysts (RCC) are a common type of lesion found in the sellar or suprasellar area. They are usually monitored clinically, but in some cases, surgery may be required. However, their natural progression is not yet well understood, and the outcomes of surgery are uncertain. The objective of this study is to evaluate the natural history of Rathke's cleft cysts in patients who are clinically monitored without treatment, and to determine the outcomes of surgery and the incidence of recurrences over time.","['D006801', 'D020863', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D013030', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D016896', 'D000368', 'D010911', 'D018450', 'D005500', 'D009364', 'D002648']"
38952390,Combining CEUS and ultrasound parameters in thyroid nodule and cancer diagnosis: a TIRADS-based evaluation.,"Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) has been established as a diagnostic tool for assessing microvascularization, essential for understanding angiogenesis in neoplastic development.","['D006801', 'D016606', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D014463', 'D013964', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D003287', 'D000368', 'D013965']"
38952386,Case report: management of a young male patient with diabetic ketoacidosis and thyroid storm.,"This report describes a case of concomitant diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and thyroid storm (TS) in a 20-year-old male patient that presented both diagnostic and management challenges owing to their intricate interrelationship in endocrine-metabolic disorders. The patient, previously diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and hyperthyroidism, was admitted to the emergency department with symptoms of DKA and progressive exacerbation of TS. Initial treatment focused on correcting DKA; as the disease progressed to TS, it was promptly recognized and treated. This case emphasizes the rarity of simultaneous occurrence of DKA and TS, as well as the challenges in clinical diagnosis posed by the interacting pathophysiological processes and overlapping clinical manifestations of DKA and TS. The patient's treatment process involved multiple disciplines, and after treatment, the patient's critical condition of both endocrine metabolic diseases was alleviated, after which he recovered and was eventually discharged from the hospital. This case report aims to emphasize the need for heightened awareness in patients with complex clinical presentations, stress the possibility of concurrent complications, and underscore the importance of prompt and collaborative treatment strategies.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D016883', 'D013958', 'D055815', 'D003922']"
38952291,Chlorogenic acid alleviates renal fibrosis by reducing lipid accumulation in diabetic kidney disease through suppressing the Notch1 and Stat3 signaling pathway.,"Abnormal renal lipid metabolism causes renal lipid deposition, which leads to the development of renal fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of chlorogenic acid (CA) on reducing renal lipid accumulation and improving DKD renal fibrosis.","['D050796', 'D051881', 'D003928', 'D000818', 'D015398', 'D005355', 'D002726', 'D006801', 'D051379', 'D008297', 'D007668', 'D050356', 'D062105', 'D008810', 'D003921', 'D002460']"
38952276,In Situ Visualizing Carboxylesterase Activity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using an Activatable Endoplasmic Reticulum Targetable Proximity Labeling Far-Red Fluorescent Probe.,"Carboxylesterase (CE), an enzyme widely present in organisms, is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Changes in the levels of CEs in the liver may predict the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here, a novel dicyanoisophorone (DCI)-based proximity-labeled far-red fluorescent probe DCI2F-Ac with endoplasmic reticulum targeting was proposed for real-time monitoring and imaging of the CEs activity. DCI2F-Ac featured very low cytotoxicity and biotoxicity and was highly selective and sensitive for CEs. Compared with traditional CEs probes, DCI2F-Ac was covalently anchored directly to CEs, thus effectively reducing the loss of in situ fluorescent signals due to diffusion. Through the ""on-off"" fluorescence signal readout, DCI2F-Ac was able to distinguish cell lines and screen for CEs inhibitors. In terms of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, it was found that thapsigargin (Tg) induced upregulation of CEs levels but not tunicamycin (Tm), which was related to the calcium homeostasis of the ER. DCI2F-Ac could efficiently detect downregulated CEs in the livers of T2DM, and the therapeutic efficacy of metformin, acarbose, and a combination of these two drugs was assessed by tracking the fluctuation of CEs levels. The results showed that combining metformin and acarbose could restore CEs levels to near-normal levels with the best antidiabetic effect. Thus, the DCI2F-Ac probe provides a great opportunity to explore the untapped potential of CEs in liver metabolic disorders and drug efficacy assessment.","['D005456', 'D003924', 'D006801', 'D043182', 'D004721', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D061848', 'D056945', 'D059865']"
38952087,[Bioinformatic analysis of immune-related transcription factors in diabetic kidney disease].,"Objective To identify immune-related transcription factors (TFs) in renal glomeruli and tubules from diabetic kidney disease (DKD) patients by bioinformatics analysis. Methods Gene expression datasets from GEO (GSE30528, GSE30529) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from the Karolinska Kidney Research Center were used. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted to examine differences in immune-related gene expression in the glomeruli and tubules (DKD) patients. To identify immune-related genes (IRGs) and TFs, differential expression analysis was carried out using the Limma and DESeq2 software packages. Key immune-related TFs were pinpointed through co-expression analysis. The interaction network between TFs and IRGs was constructed using the STRING database and Cytoscape software. Furthermore, the Nephroseq database was employed to investigate the correlation between the identified TFs and clinical-pathological features. Results When compared to normal control tissues, significant differences in the expression of immune genes were observed in both the glomeruli and tubules of individuals with Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD). Through differential and co-expression analysis, 50 immune genes and 9 immune-related transcription factors (TFs) were identified in the glomeruli. In contrast, 131 immune response genes (IRGs) and 41 immune-related TFs were discovered in the renal tubules. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network highlighted four key immune-related TFs for the glomeruli: Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8), lactotransferrin (LTF), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBPA), and Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3). For the renal tubules, the key immune-related TFs were FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (FOSB), nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1), IRF8, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). These identified TFs demonstrated a significant correlation with the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), highlighting their potential importance in the pathology of DKD. Conclusion Bioinformatics analysis identifies potential genes associated with DKD pathogenesis and immune dysregulation. Further validation of the expression and function of these genes may contribute to immune-based therapeutic research for DKD.","['D006801', 'D003928', 'D014157', 'D019295', 'D020869', 'D007678', 'D053263', 'D007684']"
38951096,[Erdheim-Chester disease manifesting as diabetes insipidus: a case report].,患者男性60岁，病程1年余。以垂体占位引起的中枢性尿崩症起病，伴主动脉周围软组织包绕、腹膜后病变、渗出性多浆膜腔积液、长骨受累，临床表现类似IgG4相关性疾病。查血IgG4浓度正常（0.928 g/L）。左胫骨上段骨病变组织活检病理检查，确诊脂质肉芽肿病（Erdheim-Chester病）。予泼尼松（50 mg每日1次）、沙利度胺（100 mg每晚1次）、去氨加压素（0.05 g每日1次）治疗，1个月后患者气促、多尿症状改善，随访半年患者胸腔积液未再增多。通过对本例的分析和总结，临床医生应提高对脂质肉芽肿病这类少见疾病的关注和认识，了解其与IgG4相关性疾病的鉴别要点，降低误诊和漏诊率。.,"['D006801', 'D031249', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D003919', 'D007074']"
38951095,[A case report of ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome associated with bilateral adrenal adenomas].,库欣综合征的主要病因包括促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）依赖性和ACTH非依赖性。当ACTH非依赖性库欣综合征合并双侧肾上腺肿瘤时，术前的病因鉴别至关重要。本文通过对1例68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT辅助定位的库欣综合征伴双侧肾上腺肿瘤患者的诊治过程及临床特点进行总结，并对其诊治关键点进行讨论，为库欣综合征伴双侧肾上腺肿瘤患者的临床诊治提供借鉴。.,"['D006801', 'D003480', 'D000324', 'D000310', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000072078', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D000236']"
38951094,[A case report of a MODY 10 family presenting as hypokalemic periodic paralysis].,青少年起病的成人型糖尿病（MODY）是一类特殊类型糖尿病。MODY10是其中一种较为罕见的类型，与胰岛素基因突变导致胰岛素的合成和分泌障碍有关，大多呈常染色体显性遗传，家族成员中可有不同的临床表现。本文报道1个以低钾性周期性麻痹为主要表现、经全外显子基因检测证实为胰岛素基因突变的MODY10家系，拟通过该病例的诊治体会并结合国内外文献复习，提高临床医生对该特殊类型糖尿病的认识。.,"['D006801', 'D020514', 'D003924', 'D010375', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D009154', 'D007328']"
38951086,[Progresses and hot spots of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms].,胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤（GEP-NENs）是一类具有神经内分泌系统标志物，并且能够合成生物活性胺和/或多肽类激素的异质性较高的肿瘤。近十年来，GEP-NENs临床诊治取得了明显进展，不论是流行病学、诊断方法、治疗手段均取得长足进步。目前，围绕GEP-NENs仍有不少问题需要未来进一步研究解决。.,"['D006801', 'D018358', 'D010190', 'D007414', 'D013274']"
38951083,[Research progress of mitochondrial abnormalities in aberrant follicular development in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome].,多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）常见于育龄期妇女，是常见的生殖和内分泌疾病，存在激素、糖脂及炎症因子水平的紊乱。PCOS患者主要表现为卵母细胞成熟障碍，其卵泡细胞（包括卵母细胞、颗粒细胞和卵泡膜细胞等）中线粒体基因存在异常的遗传变异，同时线粒体数量、结构和功能也受到体内异常代谢水平的影响。上述变化会引发卵母细胞能量供应障碍、氧化应激以及颗粒细胞过度凋亡，与PCOS患者的卵母细胞质量和生育力下降有密切关系，本文对此进行综述，并探讨线粒体相关指标在辅助生殖治疗过程中用于卵母细胞质量评估的作用，可以通过分析卵母细胞内代谢辅酶的荧光影像、检测颗粒细胞线粒体DNA拷贝数、线粒体膜电位等指标，对PCOS患者的卵母细胞质量进行评估，从而预测辅助生殖治疗结局。.,"['D006801', 'D011085', 'D005260', 'D008928', 'D009865', 'D006080', 'D004272', 'D007247', 'D053078', 'D018384', 'D027724', 'D017209']"
38950998,Trends in antidiabetes medication use among hospitalised patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective single-centre cohort study.,"Novel antidiabetes medications with proven cardiovascular or renal benefit, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA), have been introduced to the market. This study explored the 4-year trends of antidiabetes medication use among medical hospitalisations with type 2 diabetes (T2D).","['D006801', 'D003924', 'D012189', 'D007004', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D006760', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D013557', 'D000077203', 'D054873', 'D051436', 'D013453', 'D002318', 'D000328', 'D008687']"
38950981,SGLT-2 inhibitors in heart failure and chronic kidney disease: A review for internists.,"Despite current therapies, heart failure and chronic kidney disease continue to be major causes of morbidity and mortality. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors have recently become standard-of-care therapy for these conditions. This review summarizes important randomized controlled trials of SGLT-2 inhibitors and guidelines for using these agents in patients with heart failure and chronic kidney disease in both clinic and hospital settings.","['D006801', 'D000077203', 'D006333', 'D051436', 'D003924', 'D016032']"
38950927,A pre-operative scoring model to estimate the risk of blood transfusion over an ovarian cancer debulking surgery (BLOODS score): a Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Team Ovary study.,To develop a pre-operative tool to estimate the risk of peri-operative packed red blood cell transfusion in primary debulking surgery.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D010051', 'D008875', 'D065426', 'D000368', 'D001803', 'D018570', 'D000328']"
38950925,Predictors of long-term progression-free survival in patients with ovarian cancer treated with niraparib in the PRIMA/ENGOT-OV26/GOG-3012 study.,To identify characteristics associated with long-term progression-free survival (≥2 years) in patients with advanced ovarian cancer treated with niraparib first-line maintenance therapy in the phase III PRIMA/ENGOT-OV26/GOG-3012 study.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D007191', 'D010880', 'D000077982', 'D010051', 'D008875', 'D000067856', 'D000328', 'D000368']"
38950058,Combined analysis of single-cell sequencing and bulk transcriptome sequencing reveals new mechanisms for non-healing diabetic foot ulcers.,"Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) pose a significant challenge in diabetes care. Yet, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying biological disparities between healing and non-healing DFUs remains elusive. We conducted bioinformatics analysis of publicly available transcriptome sequencing data in an attempt to elucidate these differences. Our analysis encompassed differential analysis to unveil shifts in cell composition and gene expression profiles between non-healing and healing DFUs. Cell communication alterations were explored employing the Cellchat R package. Pseudotime analysis and cytoTRACE allowed us to dissect the heterogeneity within fibroblast subpopulations. Our findings unveiled disruptions in various cell types, localized low-grade inflammation, compromised systemic antigen processing and presentation, and extensive extracellular matrix signaling disarray in non-healing DFU patients. Some of these anomalies partially reverted in healing DFUs, particularly within the abnormal ECM-receptor signaling pathway. Furthermore, we distinguished distinct fibroblast subpopulations in non-healing and healing DFUs, each with unique biological functions. Healing-associated fibroblasts exhibited heightened extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and a robust wound healing response, while non-healing-associated fibroblasts showed signs of cellular senescence and complement activation, among other characteristics. This analysis offers profound insights into the wound healing microenvironment, identifies pivotal cell types for DFU healing promotion, and reveals potential therapeutic targets for DFU management.","['D017719', 'D006801', 'D014945', 'D059010', 'D005347', 'D059467', 'D005109', 'D020869', 'D015398']"
38950041,Examining characteristics of those who receive pedorthic services: A clinical audit.,"Diabetes-related foot complications, including neuropathic plantar forefoot ulcers, are a significant contributor to morbidity and increased healthcare costs. This retrospective clinical audit examines the characteristics of people accessing pedorthics services who are at risk of neuropathic plantar forefoot ulcer (re)occurrence and the pathways and funding models used to access these services. A clinical record audit was conducted on all patients accessing a pedorthics service who had diabetes and neuropathy with a history of plantar forefoot ulceration. The data included demographics, diabetes and neuropathy duration, main forefoot pathology and other comorbidity, footwear and insole interventions, and health fund access status. A total of 70 patient records were accessed, and relevant data was extracted. The mean age of participants was 64.69 (standard deviation (SD) 11.78) years; 61% were male and 39% female. Duration of diabetes ranged from one to 35 years, with a mean of 14.09 years (SD 6.58). The mean duration of neuropathy was 8.56 (SD 4.16) years. The most common forefoot conditions were bony prominences at 71% (n = 50), rigid flat foot and limited joint mobility (53%, n = 37), and hallux abductovalgus at 47% (n = 33). All participants had hyperkeratosis; 34% (n = 24) had forefoot amputation, and around 34% (n = 24) had a history of digital amputation. Various publicly funded packages and private health insurance were accessed. This study investigates the sociodemographic and medical profiles of individuals with diabetes-related foot complexities prone to neuropathic plantar forefoot ulcers. It is the first to examine patients receiving pedorthic services, informing practitioner surveys and preventive care strategies. Understanding patient characteristics aids in optimising multidisciplinary care and reducing ulcer incidence. Further studies are warranted to explore the field to establish an effective multidisciplinary care approach between medical professionals, podiatrists and pedorthists to optimise patient outcomes.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D017719', 'D012189', 'D054869']"
38949876,The Role of Cytokines and T Cells as Mediators of Inflammatory Pathology in Type 1 Diabetes and COVID-19.,"During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, reports of individuals experiencing new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) began to appear in the literature. This spurred subsequent epidemiological studies that demonstrated an increase in new diagnosis of T1D compared to prepandemic. Development of T1D is characterized by the development of an inappropriate T cell response directed against pancreatic beta-cells, leading to eventual loss of insulin secretion. This T cell response occurs in genetically susceptible individuals and may be triggered by viral illnesses. Abnormal cytokine production is another element of the pathogenesis of T1D. Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome related coronavirus 2 induces a profound increase in the production of inflammatory cytokines and causes significant T-cell dysregulation. These disruptions of the immune system may be linked to the development of T1D following COVID-19. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(7):e264-e268.].","['D002648', 'D006801', 'D000086382', 'D016207', 'D003922', 'D007249', 'D000086402', 'D013601']"
38949874,COVID-19 and Diabetes: An Epidemiologic Overview.,"Past literature on the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) has emphasized the influence of exogenous factors, including viral infections, in the development of these conditions. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic again highlighted the complicated connection between viral infection and the development of diabetes. The complex interplay of proinflammatory, genetic, and socioeconomic factors can help explain the increased incidence of T1D and T2D during the pandemic. Proposed pathophysiological mechanisms connecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to T1D include the expression of angiotensin enzyme 2 receptors on pancreatic islet cells, resultant proinflammatory states, and potential transient damage caused by viral entry. The intricate web of genetic factors, social determinants of health (including the rise of obesity), and the impact of proinflammatory states during SARS-CoV-2 infection on insulin resistance suggests mechanisms linking SARS-CoV-2 infection to the development of diabetes. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(7):e258-e263.].","['D002648', 'D006801', 'D000086382', 'D003922', 'D003924', 'D015994', 'D012307', 'D000086402']"
38949873,COVID-19 and Type 1 Diabetes.,"The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brought about several challenges for pediatric patients that were considerably different than those for adult patients. While adult patients had severe illness with associated respiratory and multiorgan failure and subsequent death, pediatric patients typically had milder disease. There were increases in postinfection complications, including an increased incidence of new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) following COVID-19 infection, particularly in adolescent patients. Currently, there is increasing concern that COVID-19 infection may be contributing to the development of T1D. This review will provide an overview of COVID-19, T1D, and the increased incidence noted during the pandemic, and the proposed mechanism of development of T1D in this specific patient demographic. Future studies will be needed to understand the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on T1D in children and adolescents. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(7):e244-e248.].","['D006801', 'D003922', 'D000086382', 'D002648', 'D000293', 'D015994', 'D000086402']"
38949871,Loss to Follow-Up: Patients with Type 1 Diabetes During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.,"The SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome related coronavirus 2) pandemic revealed many flaws in our health care system. This review aims to explore the significance of loss to follow-up on patients with type 1 diabetes during the pandemic, the morbidity and mortality associated, and strategies to prevent loss to follow-up or to re-engage patients in longitudinal care. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(7):e254-e257.].","['D006801', 'D003922', 'D000086382', 'D002648', 'D059012', 'D000086402']"
38949870,Changes in Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.,"Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing concern among the pediatric population. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the incidence of pediatric T2D increased. This was more notable among males and Black people. Increased rates of T2D may be due to rising obesity rates observed during the pandemic, behavioral and nutritional changes due to the lockdown, and decreased structure typically provided by in-person schooling. New-onset T2D presentations are more severe than in years prior to the pandemic, with higher initial hemoglobin A1C levels and increased rates of diabetic ketoacidosis. Increased severity in presentation may be due to hesitation in seeking care, increased virtual care, and limited access to health care resources. The pathophysiology of the relationship between T2D and COVID-19 in youth is not clear at this time. More studies are needed to understand the true long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on T2D in youth. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(7):e249-e253.].","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D003924', 'D002648', 'D000293', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D015994', 'D000086402', 'D058873', 'D014481']"
38949634,"Morphology, Fundus Autofluorescence, and Retinal Sensitivity of Photocoagulated Lesions in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.","To evaluate the relationships among morphology, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), and retinal sensitivity of photocoagulated lesions more than 1 year after panretinal photocoagulation in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and good vision.","['D006801', 'D003930', 'D012189', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D012160', 'D000368', 'D014792', 'D005654', 'D005451', 'D000328', 'D017075', 'D061848']"
38949608,"In vitro evaluation of the selective cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of three synthetic ortho-nitrobenzyl derivatives in human cancer cell lines, with and without metabolic activation.","Although the presence of nitro groups in chemicals can be recognized as structural alerts for mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, nitroaromatic compounds have attracted considerable interest as a class of agents that can serve as source of potential new anticancer agents. In the present study, the in vitro cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity of three synthetic ortho-nitrobenzyl derivatives (named ON-1, ON-2 and ON-3) were evaluated by employing human breast and ovarian cancer cell lines. A series of biological assays was carried out with and without metabolic activation. Complementarily, computational predictions of the pharmacokinetic properties and druglikeness of the compounds were performed in the Swiss ADME platform. The MTT assay showed that the compounds selectively affected selectively the cell viability of cancer cells in comparison with a nontumoral cell line. Additionally, the metabolic activation enhanced cytotoxicity, and the compounds affected cell survival, as demonstrated by the clonogenic assay. The comet assay, the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay, and the immunofluorescence of the γ-H2AX foci formation assay have that the compounds caused chromosomal damage to the cancer cells, with and without metabolic activation. The results obtained in the present study showed that the compounds assessed were genotoxic and mutagenic, inducing double-strand breaks in the DNA structure. The high selectivity indices observed for the compounds ON-2 and ON-3, especially after metabolic activation with the S9 fraction, must be highlighted. These experimental biological results, as well as the theoretical properties predicted for the compounds have shown that they are promising anticancer candidates to be exploited in additional studies.","['D006801', 'D002470', 'D000970', 'D004249', 'D065767', 'D045744', 'D015162', 'D009153', 'D020552', 'D009152', 'D005260', 'D009578', 'D001943', 'D010051', 'D004305']"
38949451,"Knowledge, attitudes and practices on diabetic foot care among nurses in Kimberley, South Africa."," Diabetic foot is a dangerous complication of diabetes and can lead to high morbidity and mortality. As essential team members of the healthcare system, nurses play an important role in diabetic foot management and are indispensable in patients' education to prevent diabetic foot. The study assessed nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding diabetic foot care in Sol Plaatje primary health care centres in the Northern Cape: Sol Plaatje's 14 district municipality clinics, Kimberley, Northern Cape.","['D006801', 'D013019', 'D005260', 'D017719', 'D003430', 'D008297', 'D007722', 'D000328', 'D011795', 'D008875', 'D011320', 'D001291', 'D009726']"
38949215,Invitation to do remission of pre-diabetes to normoglycemia.,"By integrating health coaching into maritime medical clinics, we can provide tailored support to individuals at risk of developing diabetes and empower them to take control of their health.","['D006801', 'D011236', 'D009326', 'D003924']"
38948999,Endocrine Entropy.,"This communication defines and describes the novel concept of endocrine entropy. The authors share insights regarding the various facets of entropy in endocrine epidemiology, physiology, clinical presentation and management. The discussion opens up a new way of approaching endocrinology. Recent advances in artificial intelligence, assessment and addressal of entropy may become integral part of endocrine diagnostics and therapeutics.","['D006801', 'D019277', 'D004700', 'D004704', 'D001185']"
38948998,Endocrine Entropy.,"This communication defines and describes the novel concept of endocrine entropy. The authors share insights regarding the various facets of entropy in endocrine epidemiology, physiology, clinical presentation and management. The discussion opens up a new way of approaching endocrinology. Recent advances in artificial intelligence, assessment and addressal of entropy may become integral part of endocrine diagnostics and therapeutics.","['D006801', 'D019277', 'D004700', 'D004704', 'D001185']"
38955776,Strategies for developing 3D printed ovarian model for restoring fertility.,"Ovaries play a crucial role in the regulation of numerous essential processes that occur within the intricate framework of female physiology. They are entrusted with the responsibility of both generating a new life and orchestrating a delicate hormonal symphony. Understanding their functioning is crucial for gaining insight into the complexities of reproduction, health, and fertility. In addition, ovaries secrete hormones that are crucial for both secondary sexual characteristics and the maintenance of overall health. A three-dimensional (3D) prosthetic ovary has the potential to restore ovarian function and preserve fertility in younger females who have undergone ovariectomies or are afflicted with ovarian malfunction. Clinical studies have not yet commenced, and the production of 3D ovarian tissue for human implantation is still in the research phase. The main challenges faced while creating a 3D ovary for in vivo implantation include sustenance of ovarian follicles, achieving vascular infiltration into the host tissue, and restoring hormone circulation. The complex ovarian microenvironment that is compartmentalized and rigid makes the biomimicking of the 3D ovary challenging in terms of biomaterial selection and bioink composition. The successful restoration of these properties in animal models has led to expectations for the development of human ovaries for implantation. This review article summarizes and evaluates the optimal 3D models of ovarian structures and their safety and efficacy concerns to provide concrete suggestions for future research.","['D005260', 'D006801', 'D010053', 'D066330', 'D000818', 'D023822', 'D005298', 'D059247', 'D054457']"
38955732,[A panel study on the association of organophosphate ester flame retardant exposure with thyroid function related hormones in healthy older adults].,"Objective: To explore the impact of whole blood organophosphate esters (OPEs) flame retardant exposure on thyroid function-related hormones in healthy older adults. Methods: In this panel study, five repeated population-based epidemiological surveys and biological sample collection were conducted from September 2018 to January 2019, with 76 healthy older adults aged 60-69 years in the Dianliu Community of Jinan, Shandong Province. Information on the sociodemographic characteristics, diet, and health status of the respondents was systematically gathered through questionnaires and physical examinations. Fasting venous blood was collected to determine the levels of OPEs, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4). A linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze the impact of OPEs exposure on thyroid function-related hormones in healthy older adults. Results: Each of the 76 subjects participated in at least two follow-up visits, resulting in a total of 350 person visits. The age of the study participants was (65.07±2.76) years, with 38 participants of both sexes. A total of eight OPEs were included with a detection rate exceeding 50%, and the M (Q1, Q3) for ∑OPEs was 3.85 (2.33, 5.74) ng/ml, with alkyl-OPEs being the major type of OPEs with an M (Q1, Q3) of 1.27 (0.64, 2.50) ng/ml. The M (Q1, Q3) for TSH, T3, and T4 was 3.74 (2.55, 5.69) μIU/ml, 1.32 (1.10, 1.60) ng/ml, and 45.04 (36.96, 53.27) ng/ml, respectively. Linear mixed-effects model showed that TSH was significantly decreased by 9.93% (95%CI:-15.17%, -4.36%) and 11.14% (95%CI:-15.94%, -6.06%) in older adults for each quartile level increase in TnBP and TEHP exposures, respectively. Gender-stratified analysis indicated that TEHP exposure was negatively associated with TSH levels in male older adults, whereas a decrease in TSH levels among female older adults was associated with TnBP exposure. Conclusion: Exposure to whole blood OPEs is associated with decreased TSH levels among healthy older adults, with notable gender differences.","['D006801', 'D005411', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D013972', 'D004952', 'D013974', 'D010755', 'D014284', 'D004781', 'D013963', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D011795', 'D013961']"
38952389,Targeting mitochondria for ovarian aging: new insights into mechanisms and therapeutic potential.,"Ovarian aging is a complex process characterized by a decline in oocyte quantity and quality, directly impacting fertility and overall well-being. Recent researches have identified mitochondria as pivotal players in the aging of ovaries, influencing various hallmarks and pathways governing this intricate process. In this review, we discuss the multifaceted role of mitochondria in determining ovarian fate, and outline the pivotal mechanisms through which mitochondria contribute to ovarian aging. Specifically, we emphasize the potential of targeting mitochondrial dysfunction through innovative therapeutic approaches, including antioxidants, metabolic improvement, biogenesis promotion, mitophagy enhancement, mitochondrial transfer, and traditional Chinese medicine. These strategies hold promise as effective means to mitigate age-related fertility decline and preserve ovarian health. Drawing insights from advanced researches in the field, this review provides a deeper understanding of the intricate interplay between mitochondrial function and ovarian aging, offering valuable perspectives for the development of novel therapeutic interventions aimed at preserving fertility and enhancing overall reproductive health.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008928', 'D000375', 'D010053', 'D000818', 'D000975', 'D009865', 'D063306']"
38948519,Impaired embryo development potential associated with thyroid autoimmunity in euthyroid infertile women with diminished ovarian reserve.,"The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) with the number of oocytes retrieved (NOR), fertilization rate (FR), and embryo quality (EQ) in euthyroid women with infertility and diminished ovarian reserve (DOR).","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D007247', 'D065851', 'D012189', 'D015551', 'D001323', 'D047108', 'D055815', 'D011247', 'D013961', 'D054315', 'D005307', 'D007453']"
38948512,"Association between thyroid autoimmunity and antinuclear antibody prevalence among pregnant women: a cross-sectional study in Qingdao, China.",To identify the relationship between thyroid autoimmunity and antinuclear antibody (ANA) prevalence in Chinese pregnant women.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D003430', 'D000328', 'D002681', 'D000974', 'D015551', 'D015995', 'D001323', 'D011248', 'D055815', 'D013961']"
38948295,[Reproductive Strategies for Declining Fertility: Fertility Preservation].,"There is a global trend of declining fertility among people of childbearing age and mankind is confronted with great challenges of fertility problems. As a result, fertility preservation technology has emerged. Fertility preservation involves interventions and procedures aimed at preserving the patients' chances of having children when their fertility may have been impaired by their medical conditions or the treatments thereof, for example, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy for cancer. The changes in patients' fertility can be temporary or permanent damage. Fertility preservation can help people diagnosed with cancer or other non-malignant diseases. More and more fertility preservation methods are being used to preserve the fertility of cancer patients and protect their reproductive organs from gonadotoxicity. Fertility preservation may be appropriate for young patients with early-stage cancers and good prognosis before they undergo treatments (chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy) that can negatively affect their fertility. It is also appropriate for patients with chronic conditions or those who have encountered environmental exposures that affect their gonadal function. Fertility preservation methods include oocyte cryopreservation, embryo cryopreservation, and ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) for women and sperm freezing and testicular tissue freezing for men. The survival rates of children and adolescents diagnosed with malignant tumors have been steadily increasing as a result of advances in cancer treatments. Cryopreservation of oocytes and sperm is recognized as a well-established and successful strategy for fertility preservation in pubertal patients. OTC is the sole option for prepubertal girls. On the other hand, cryopreservation of immature testicular tissue remains the only alternative for prepubertal boys, but the technology is still in the experimental stage. A review showed that the utilization rate of cryopreserved semen ranged from 2.6% to 21.5%. In the case of cryopreserved female reproductive materials, the utilization rate ranged from 3.1% to 8.7% for oocytes, approximately from 9% to 22.4% for embryos, and from 6.9% to 30.3% for ovarian tissue. When patients have needs for fertility treatment, cryopreserved vitrified oocytes are resuscitated and in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) was performed to help patients accomplish their reproductive objectives, with the live birth rate (LBR) being 32%. On the other hand, when cryopreserved embryos are resuscitated and transferred, the LBR was 41%. OTC has the advantage of restoring natural fertility and presents a LBR of 33%, compared with the LBR of 19% among 266 IVF patients. In addition, OTC has the benefit of restoring the endocrine function. It has been observed that the shortest recovery time of the first menstruation after transplantation was 3.9 months, and the recovery rate of ovarian function reached 100%. To date, a growing number of cancer survivors and patients with other diseases are benefiting from fertility preservation measures. In the face of declining human fertility, fertility preservation provides a new approach to human reproduction. Fertility preservation should be applied in line with the ethical principles so as to fully protect the rights and interests of patients and their offsprings.","['D005260', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D015925', 'D059247', 'D009369', 'D009865', 'D010053', 'D013094', 'D013737']"
38948273,[The Roles of N6-Methyladenosine Modification and Its Regulators in Male Reproduction].,"Infertility affects an estimated 10 to 15 percent of couples worldwide, with approximately half of the cases attributed to male-related issues. Most men diagnosed with infertility exhibit symptoms such as oligospermia, asthenospermia, azoospermia, and compromised sperm quality. Spermatogenesis is a complex and tightly coordinated process of germ cell differentiation, precisely regulated at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and translational levels to ensure stage-specific gene expression during the development of spermatogenic cells and normal spermiogenesis. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) stands out as the most prevalent modification on eukaryotic mRNA, playing pivotal roles in various biological processes, including mRNA splicing, transportation, and translation. RNA methylation modification is a dynamic and reversible process primarily mediated by ""writers"", removed by ""erasers"", and recognized by ""readers"". In mammals, the aberrant methylation modification of m6A on mRNA is associated with a variety of diseases, including male infertility. However, the precise involvement of disrupted m6A modification in the pathogenesis of human male infertility remains unresolved. Intriguingly, a significant correlation has been found between the expression levels of m6A regulators in the testis and the severity of sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. Aberrant expression patterns of m6A regulatory proteins have been detected in anomalous human semen samples, including those of oligospermia, asthenozoospermia, and azoospermia. Furthermore, the examination of both sperm samples and testicular tissues revealed abnormal mRNA m6A modification, leading to reduced sperm motility and concentration in infertile men. Consequently, it is hypothesized that dysregulation of m6A modification might serve as an integral link in the mechanism of male infertility. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the recent discoveries regarding the spatial and temporal expression dynamics of m6A regulators in testicular tissues and the correlation between deregulated m6A regulators and human male infertility. Previous studies predominantly utilized constitutive or conditional knockout animal models for testicular phenotypic investigations. However, gene suppression in additional tissues could potentially influence the testis in constitutive knockout models. Furthermore, considering the compromised spermatogenesis observed in constitutive animals, distinguishing between the indirect effects of gene depletion on testicular development and its direct impact on the spermatogenic process is challenging, due to their intricate relationship. Such confounding factors might compromise the validity of the findings. To address this challenge, an inducible and conditional gene knockout model may serve as a superior approach. To date, nearly all reported studies have concentrated solely on the level changes of m6A and its regulators in germs cells, while the understanding of the function of m6A modification in testicular somatic cells remains limited. Testicular somatic cells, including peritubular myoid cells, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells, play indispensable roles during spermatogenesis. Hence, comprehensive exploration of m6A modification within these cells as an additional crucial regulatory mechanism is warranted. In addition, exploration into the presence of unique methylation mechanisms or m6A regulatory factors within the testes is warranted. To elucidate the role of m6A modification in germ cells and testicular somatic cells, detailed experimental strategies need to be implemented. Among them, manipulation of the levels of key enzymes involved in m6A methylation and demethylation might be the most effective approach. Moreover, comprehensive analysis of the gene expression profiles involved in various signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, Ras/MAPK, and Hippo, in m6A-modified germ cells and testicular somatic cells can provide more insight into its regulatory role in the spermatogenesis process. Further research in this area could provide valuable insights for developing innovative strategies to treat male infertility. Finally, considering the mitigation impact of m6A imbalance regulation on disease, investigation concerning whether restoring the equilibrium of m6A modification regulation can restore normal spermatogenesis function is essential, potentially elucidating the pivotal clinical significance of m6A modulation in male infertility.","['D008297', 'D006801', 'D000241', 'D013091', 'D007248', 'D012333', 'D008745', 'D000818', 'D008780', 'D013094', 'D013737']"
38946301,Thyroid ultrasonic changes relate to implantation failure in euthyroid women with thyroid autoimmunity undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection.,To determine whether ultrasonic manifestations of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) related to embryo qualities or pregnancy outcomes in women with thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D011247', 'D020554', 'D012189', 'D010064', 'D013961', 'D014463', 'D005307', 'D050031', 'D018873', 'D001323', 'D011256', 'D015551']"
38944690,"The gross reproductive morphology of the male Temminck's pangolin Smutsia temminckii (Smuts, 1832).","The Temminck's pangolin (Smutsia temminckii) is one of eight pangolin species worldwide and the only pangolin present in southern Africa. Historically, pangolins have not been able to reproduce successfully in captivity and this may be in part due to the lack of knowledge and understanding with regards to the pangolin reproductive system (anatomy, physiology, biology) in all eight species. This original study describes the gross anatomy of the male Temminck's pangolin from three adult individuals investigated. The male Temminck's pangolin presented a short, conical penis with ascrotal (internal) testes, similar to many other myrmecophagous mammals such as the aardvark (Orycteropus sp.) and anteaters (suborder: Vermilingua). However, the orientation of the penis of the Temminck's pangolin differed in that it was oriented cranioventrally, in contrast to the caudal orientation of the giant anteater. The testes were found to be bilaterally flattened with an elongate oval shape, similar to the aardvark. The specific characteristics of the reproductive tract of the male Temminck's pangolins are thought to be adaptations to their peculiar lifestyle as the male portrays characteristics that indicate adaptation to a lower basal metabolic rate and body temperature as well as to their defensive mechanism of rolling up into a ball. Our study suggests the male Temminck's pangolin reproductive anatomy is most similar and comparable to the Xenarthrans and the aardvark that display the same fossorial activities as pangolins, and the male morphology is not comparable to the phylogenetically closely-related Carnivora.","['D000818', 'D008297', 'D013737', 'D000086642', 'D010413', 'D005837', 'D012098']"
38944497,Intraoperative Adjuncts in Thyroid Surgery.,"Thyroidectomy is relatively safe and often can be done as a minimally invasive procedure. Although they may be associated with a learning curve, thoughtful use of intraoperative adjuncts such as energy devices, recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring, and parathyroid autofluorescence have the potential to make incremental improvements in the safety and efficiency of thyroid surgery. Perhaps many of these adjuncts may be of greatest benefit when used routinely by less experienced surgeons or selectively in higher-risk operations, although their adoption in practice continues to increase overall.","['D006801', 'D013965', 'D016343', 'D013959', 'D061226', 'D013961', 'D061848']"
38944493,Management of Incidental Thyroid Nodules.,"Thyroid nodules are widely prevalent, and often discovered incidentally. Malignancy rates are low for incidental thyroid nodules, and overall outcomes are favorable regardless of diagnosis. Patients with thyroid nodules should be evaluated with TSH levels followed by ultrasound of the thyroid and cervical lymph nodes. It is important to recognize sonographic features suspicious for thyroid malignancy and obtain biopsies when indicated according to major society guidelines. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology along with molecular testing can help guide management decisions regarding thyroid nodules. Surgical resection and other emerging technologies are safe and effective for the treatment of thyroid nodules needing intervention.","['D016606', 'D006801', 'D033162', 'D013965', 'D013964', 'D014463', 'D044963', 'D013961']"
38943298,The Role of Total Oxidant and Antioxidant Levels in Follicular Fluid in Unexplained İnfertility.,Unexplained infertility is defined as the absence of any pathology in the basic evaluation performed in couples who cannot achieve pregnancy after 1 year of unprotected sexual intercourse. The results of tests examining the causes of infertility show no identifiable cause in almost 15% of couples.,"['D006801', 'D015571', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D000975', 'D011247', 'D016877', 'D018384', 'D005307', 'D017382', 'D055815', 'D018873', 'D007247', 'D020554', 'D007246']"
38943148,Ultrasonographic and histopathological investigation of the effect of N-acetylcysteine on doxorubicin-induced ovarian and uterine toxicity in rats.,"This study aimed to investigate the mitigating effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced ovarian and uterine toxicity in rats using laboratory tests, ultrasonographic (US) imaging, and histopathology analysis.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D004317', 'D000111', 'D051381', 'D010053', 'D014463', 'D014599', 'D000903']"
38943138,Folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis alterations after chronic exposure to a human-relevant mixture of environmental toxicants spare the ovarian reserve in the rabbit model.,"Industrial progress has led to the omnipresence of chemicals in the environment of the general population, including reproductive-aged and pregnant women. The reproductive function of females is a well-known target of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. This function holds biological processes that are decisive for the fertility of women themselves and for the health of future generations. However, insufficient research has evaluated the risk of combined mixtures on this function. This study aimed to assess the direct impacts of a realistic exposure to eight combined environmental toxicants on the critical process of folliculogenesis.","['D005260', 'D000818', 'D011817', 'D006080', 'D006801', 'D065851', 'D052244', 'D004785', 'D010053', 'D004781']"
38942886,Metagenomic analysis revealed the association between gut microbiota and different ovary responses to controlled ovarian stimulation.,"The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between gut microbial taxonomy and various ovarian responses to controlled ovarian stimulation. A total of 22 IVF cycles with a follicle-to-oocyte index (FOI) < 0.5 and 25 IVF cycles with FOI ≥ 0.5 were included in this study. Baseline demographic characteristics were compared between the two groups. Metagenomic sequencing was performed to analyze fecal microbial community profiles. Mice were used to evaluate the effect of Bifidobacterium_longum on ovarian response to stimulation. Compared with FOI < 0.5 group, women in group with FOI ≥ 0.5 had significant more oocytes retrieved (p < 0.01). Prevotella_copri, Bateroides_vulgatus, Escherichia_coli and Bateroides_stercoris were more abundant in FOI < 0.5 group while Bifidobacterium_longum, Faecalibacterium_prausnitzii, Ruminococcus_gnavus and Bifidobacterium_pseudocatenula were more abundant in FOI ≥ 0.5 group. After adjusting for women's age and BMI, Pearson correlation analysis indicated alteration of gut microbiome was related with serum E2, FSH, number of oocytes retrieved and clinical pregnancy rate. Animal study showed ovarian response will be improved after Bifidobacterium_longum applied. An increased abundance of Bacteroidetes and Prevotella copri, as well as a decreased abundance of Bifidobacterium longum, have been found to be associated with poor ovarian responsiveness. Changes in gut microbiomes have been observed to be correlated with certain clinical characteristics. The potential enhancement of ovarian response may be facilitated by the integration of Bifidobacterium longum.","['D005260', 'D000069196', 'D000818', 'D006801', 'D056186', 'D000328', 'D051379', 'D010062', 'D010053', 'D011247', 'D005243', 'D005307']"
38942812,Characterization of expression patterns and dynamic relocation of Notch proteins during acrosome reaction of bull spermatozoa.,"Notch is a conserved cell-signaling pathway involved in spermatogenesis regulation. This study firstly evaluated the presence, localization patterns, acquisition origin and relation to acrosome reaction of Notch proteins in bull sperm. Western Blot analysis detected all Notch proteins in ejaculated bull sperm, and immunostaining described their specific sperm localization. Recovery of sperm from different segments showed that Notch proteins have testicular origin (NOTCH1, NOTCH2, DLL4), are sequentially acquired during sperm maturation along epididymal transit (NOTCH3, DLL3, JAGGED1-2), or post-ejaculation (DLL1, NOTCH4). Testis NOTCH2 is ubiquitously expressed in all germ-cell lines, whereas DLL4 is expressed in round and elongated spermatids during the Golgi, Cap, Acrosome and Maturation phases. In vitro spontaneous and induced sperm acrosome reaction induce consistent sperm regional relocation of NOTCH2, DLL4 and JAGGED1, and these relocation patterns are significantly associated to sperm acrosome status. NOTCH2 and JAGGED1 are relocated from the head apical to the post-equatorial regions, whereas DLL4 is lost along with the acrosome, evidencing that sperm spatial redistribution of NOTCH2 and JAGGED1 is linked to acrosome reaction onset, whereas DLL4 loss is linked to AR completion. Overall, results prompt for a relevant Notch role in bull sperm acrosome testicular development, epididymal maturation and acrosome reaction.","['D008297', 'D000818', 'D002417', 'D020101', 'D013094', 'D051880', 'D013737', 'D013091', 'D004822', 'D000177']"
38941283,Exploring the diagnostic performance of machine learning in prediction of metabolic phenotypes focusing on thyroid function.,"In this study, we employed various machine learning models to predict metabolic phenotypes, focusing on thyroid function, using a dataset from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2012. Our analysis utilized laboratory parameters relevant to thyroid function or metabolic dysregulation in addition to demographic features, aiming to uncover potential associations between thyroid function and metabolic phenotypes by various machine learning methods. Multinomial Logistic Regression performed best to identify the relationship between thyroid function and metabolic phenotypes, achieving an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.818, followed closely by Neural Network (AUROC: 0.814). Following the above, the performance of Random Forest, Boosted Trees, and K Nearest Neighbors was inferior to the first two methods (AUROC 0.811, 0.811, and 0.786, respectively). In Random Forest, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, serum uric acid, serum albumin, gamma glutamyl transferase, and triiodothyronine/thyroxine ratio were positioned in the upper ranks of variable importance. These results highlight the potential of machine learning in understanding complex relationships in health data. However, it's important to note that model performance may vary depending on data characteristics and specific requirements. Furthermore, we emphasize the significance of accounting for sampling weights in complex survey data analysis and the potential benefits of incorporating additional variables to enhance model accuracy and insights. Future research can explore advanced methodologies combining machine learning, sample weights, and expanded variable sets to further advance survey data analysis.","['D006801', 'D000069550', 'D013961', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D010641', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D009749', 'D013960', 'D012372', 'D016571']"
38940029,"The Effects of Apricot Kernels and Pure Amygdalin on the Structural, Oxidative, and Inflammatory Characteristics of Rabbit Testicular Tissue.","Apricot kernels containing amygdalin (AMG) as the major cyanogenic glycoside are potentially useful as a complementary therapy for the management of several ailments including cancer. Nevertheless, little is known regarding the toxic and therapeutic doses of AMG, particularly in terms of male reproduction. Hence, this study evaluates selected qualitative characteristics of rabbit testicular tissue following in vivo administration of AMG or apricot kernels for 28 days.","['D000818', 'D008297', 'D011817', 'D013737', 'D000678', 'D000068219', 'D018384', 'D017382', 'D000975', 'D007249']"
38939979,"The effect of a flavonoid mixture containing diosmin, hesperidin and troxerutin in women with congestion syndrome associated to pelvic pain: a color Doppler ultrasonography study.","Pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) is associated with chronic pelvic pain (CPP). The efficacy of flavonoids for treating PCS symptoms is still a matter of debate, and little has been published. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a mixture of diosmin, troxerutin, and hesperidin in improving symptoms of patients with PCS, observing a direct effect on circulation by specific color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) evaluations.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D006896', 'D004145', 'D006569', 'D017699', 'D000328', 'D011446', 'D018615', 'D018592', 'D010865', 'D013577', 'D055815', 'D016896', 'D010053', 'D004338']"
38939935,[Noise exposure-induced stress response and its measurement methods].,"Noise, as an unavoidable stress (pressure) source in the modern life, affects animals in many ways, both behaviorally and physiologically. Behavioral changes may be driven by changes in hormone secretion in animals. When animals face with noise stress, the neuroendocrine systems, mainly the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, are activated, which promotes the secretion and release of stress hormones, and then leads to a series of behavioral changes. The behavioral changes can be easily observed, but the changes in physiological indicators such as hormone levels need to be accurately measured. Currently, many studies have measured the variations of stress hormone levels in animals under different noise conditions. Taking glucocorticoid as an example, this paper summarizes the different measurement methods of stress hormones, especially the non-invasive measurement methods, and compares the advantages and shortcomings of them. It provides a variety of measurement choices for the study of related issues, and also helps us to further understand the sources of animal stress, in order to provide a better habitat for animals.","['D000818', 'D009622', 'D007030', 'D010913', 'D013312', 'D005938', 'D013315']"
38939562,Association between pesticide exposure and thyroid function: analysis of Chinese and NHANES databases.,"Pesticides are widely used in agricultural activities. Although pesticide use is known to cause damage to the human body, its relationship with thyroid function remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between pesticide exposure and thyroid function.","['D006801', 'D010575', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D002681', 'D000328', 'D013961', 'D009749', 'D013960', 'D004781', 'D016208', 'D000368', 'D015084', 'D000095225']"
38938516,Genome-wide association study and polygenic score assessment of insulin resistance.,"Insulin resistance (IR) and beta cell dysfunction are the major drivers of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) on IR have been predominantly conducted in European populations, while Middle Eastern populations remain largely underrepresented. We conducted a GWAS on the indices of IR (HOMA2-IR) and beta cell function (HOMA2-%B) in 6,217 non-diabetic individuals from the Qatar Biobank (QBB; Discovery cohort; n = 2170, Replication cohort; n = 4047) with and without body mass index (BMI) adjustment. We also developed polygenic scores (PGS) for HOMA2-IR and compared their performance with a previously derived PGS for HOMA-IR (PGS003470). We replicated 11 loci that have been previously associated with HOMA-IR and 24 loci that have been associated with HOMA-%B, at nominal statistical significance. We also identified a novel locus associated with beta cell function near VEGFC gene, tagged by rs61552983 (P = 4.38 × 10-8). Moreover, our best performing PGS (Q-PGS4; Adj R2 = 0.233 ± 0.014; P = 1.55 x 10-3) performed better than PGS003470 (Adj R2 = 0.194 ± 0.014; P = 5.45 x 10-2) in predicting HOMA2-IR in our dataset. This is the first GWAS on HOMA2 and the first GWAS conducted in the Middle East focusing on IR and beta cell function. Herein, we report a novel locus in VEGFC that is implicated in beta cell dysfunction. Inclusion of under-represented populations in GWAS has potentials to provide important insights into the genetic architecture of IR and beta cell function.","['D006801', 'D007333', 'D055106', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D020412', 'D003924', 'D000328', 'D011780', 'D020641', 'D050417', 'D000368', 'D015992', 'D015331', 'D020022']"
38937834,Ameliorating and refining islet organoids to illuminate treatment and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus.,"Diabetes mellitus, a significant global public health challenge, severely impacts human health worldwide. The organoid, an innovative in vitro three-dimensional (3D) culture model, closely mimics tissues or organs in vivo. Insulin-secreting islet organoid, derived from stem cells induced in vitro with 3D structures, has emerged as a potential alternative for islet transplantation and as a possible disease model that mirrors the human body's in vivo environment, eliminating species difference. This technology has gained considerable attention for its potential in diabetes treatment. Despite advances, the process of stem cell differentiation into islet organoid and its cultivation demonstrates deficiencies, prompting ongoing efforts to develop more efficient differentiation protocols and 3D biomimetic materials. At present, the constructed islet organoid exhibit limitations in their composition, structure, and functionality when compared to natural islets. Consequently, further research is imperative to achieve a multi-tissue system composition and improved insulin secretion functionality in islet organoid, while addressing transplantation-related safety concerns, such as tumorigenicity, immune rejection, infection, and thrombosis. This review delves into the methodologies and strategies for constructing the islet organoid, its application in diabetes treatment, and the pivotal scientific challenges within organoid research, offering fresh perspectives for a deeper understanding of diabetes pathogenesis and the development of therapeutic interventions.","['D006801', 'D009940', 'D007515', 'D000818', 'D016381', 'D003920', 'D002454']"
38937540,Regulation of endocrine cell alternative splicing revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing in type 2 diabetes pathogenesis.,"The prevalent RNA alternative splicing (AS) contributes to molecular diversity, which has been demonstrated in cellular function regulation and disease pathogenesis. However, the contribution of AS in pancreatic islets during diabetes progression remains unclear. Here, we reanalyze the full-length single-cell RNA sequencing data from the deposited database to investigate AS regulation across human pancreatic endocrine cell types in non-diabetic (ND) and type 2 diabetic (T2D) individuals. Our analysis demonstrates the significant association between transcriptomic AS profiles and cell-type-specificity, which could be applied to distinguish the clustering of major endocrine cell types. Moreover, AS profiles are enabled to clearly define the mature subset of β-cells in healthy controls, which is completely lost in T2D. Further analysis reveals that RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) and FXR1 family proteins are predicted to induce the functional impairment of β-cells through regulating AS profiles. Finally, trajectory analysis of endocrine cells suggests the β-cell identity shift through dedifferentiation and transdifferentiation of β-cells during the progression of T2D. Together, our study provides a mechanism for regulating β-cell functions and suggests the significant contribution of AS program during diabetes pathogenesis.","['D003924', 'D006801', 'D017398', 'D059010', 'D050417', 'D017423', 'D059467', 'D016601', 'D007515']"
38937445,Identification of the FSH-RH as the other gonadotropin-releasing hormone.,"In vertebrates, folliculogenesis and ovulation are regulated by two distinct pituitary gonadotropins: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Currently, there is an intriguing consensus that a single hypothalamic neurohormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), regulates the secretion of both FSH and LH, although the required timing and functions of FSH and LH are different. However, recent studies in many non-mammalian vertebrates indicated that GnRH is dispensable for FSH function. Here, by using medaka as a model teleost, we successfully identify cholecystokinin as the other gonadotropin regulator, FSH-releasing hormone (FSH-RH). Our histological and in vitro analyses demonstrate that hypothalamic cholecystokinin-expressing neurons directly affect FSH cells through the cholecystokinin receptor, Cck2rb, thereby increasing the expression and release of FSH. Remarkably, the knockout of this pathway minimizes FSH expression and results in a failure of folliculogenesis. Here, we propose the existence of the ""dual GnRH model"" in vertebrates that utilize both FSH-RH and LH-RH.","['D000818', 'D007987', 'D005640', 'D005260', 'D009990', 'D007031', 'D009474', 'D007986', 'D006080', 'D010060']"
38937111,Follicular oocyte as a potential target for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.,"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in December 2019 and rapidly became a pandemic as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Apart from other organs, presence of specific receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) and corresponding proteases such as transmembrane serine protease 2, basigin and cysteine protease cathepsin L make follicular somatic cells as well as oocyte as potential targets for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The SARS-CoV-2 causes inflammation and hypoxia that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in critically ill patients. In addition, a large number of casualties and insecurity of life due to repeated waves of SARS-CoV-2 infection generate psychological stress and cortisol resulting in the further generation of ROS. The excess levels of ROS under physiological range cause meiotic instability, while high levels result in oxidative stress that trigger various death pathways and affect number as well as quality of follicular oocytes. Although, emerging evidence suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 utilises cellular machinery of ovarian follicular cells, generates ROS and impairs quality of follicular oocytes, the underlying mechanism of viral entry into host cell and its negative impact on the follicular oocyte remains poorly understood. Therefore, this review summarises emerging evidence on the presence of cellular machinery for SARS-CoV-2 in ovarian follicles and the potential negative impact of viral infection on the follicular oocytes that affect ovarian functions in critically ill and stressed women.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D000086402', 'D005260', 'D009865', 'D000085962', 'D017382', 'D053586', 'D056668', 'D051926', 'D006080', 'D018384', 'D012697']"
38936893,Depression Exacerbates Hepatic Steatosis in C57BL/6J Mice by Activating the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis.,"Depression is associated with metabolic disorders, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the mechanisms underlying the interaction between them are still poorly known.","['D000818', 'D007030', 'D010913', 'D051379', 'D003863', 'D004195', 'D065626', 'D008297', 'D008810', 'D003346', 'D059305', 'D000324', 'D008099', 'D005234', 'D003345']"
38935835,The limitations of testicular organoids: are they truly as promising as we believe?,"Organoid systems have revolutionised various facets of biological research by offering a three-dimensional (3D), physiologically relevant in vitro model to study complex organ systems. Over recent years, testicular organoids have been publicised as promising platforms for reproductive studies, disease modelling, drug screening, and fertility preservation. However, the full potential of these systems has yet to be realised due to inherent limitations. This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the current challenges associated with testicular organoid models. Firstly, we address the inability of current organoid systems to fully replicate the intricate spatial organisation and cellular diversity of the in vivo testis. Secondly, we scrutinise the fidelity of germ cell maturation within the organoids, highlighting incomplete spermatogenesis and epigenetic inconsistencies. Thirdly, we consider the technical challenges faced during organoid culture, including nutrient diffusion limits, lack of vasculature, and the need for specialised growth factors. Finally, we discuss the ethical considerations surrounding the use of organoids for human reproduction research. Addressing these limitations in combination with integrating complementary approaches, will be essential if we are to advance our understanding of testicular biology and develop novel strategies for addressing reproductive health issues in males.","['D009940', 'D008297', 'D013737', 'D006801', 'D013091', 'D000818']"
38935642,The impact of offspring and maternal obesogenic diets on adult offspring oocyte mitochondrial morphology in primordial and preantral follicles.,"Diet-induced obesity reduces oocyte quality mainly by impacting oocyte mitochondrial functions. Moreover, maternal obesity is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in oocytes of their adult offspring. However, these effects were reported only in fully grown oocytes, mainly in the form of abnormal mitochondrial ultrastructure. It is unknown if obesogenic (OB) diets or maternal obesity already impact the primordial and preantral follicles. Considering the long duration and dynamics of folliculogenesis, determining the stage at which oocytes are affected and the extent of the damage is crucial for optimal reproductive management of obese patients and their daughters. Potential interaction between maternal and offspring diet effects are also not described, yet pivotal in our contemporary society. Therefore, here we examined the impact of OB diets on oocyte mitochondrial ultrastructure in primordial and activated preantral follicles in offspring from diet-induced obese or lean mothers. We used an outbred Swiss mouse model to increase the pathophysiological relevance to humans. Female mice were fed control or OB diets for 7 weeks, then mated with control males. Their female offspring were fed control or OB diets after weaning for 7 weeks (2-by-2 factorial design). Adult offspring ovarian sections were examined using transmission electron microscopy. We characterised and classified unique features of oocyte mitochondrial ultrastructure in the preantral follicles. An increase in mitochondrial matrix density was the most predominant change during follicle activation in secondary follicles, a feature that is linked with a higher mitochondrial activity. Maternal obesity increased mitochondrial density already in the primordial follicles suggesting an earlier increase in bioenergetic capacity. Maternal obesity did not induce abberant ultrastructure (abnormalities and defects) in primordial or preantral follicles. In contrast, offspring OB diet increased mitochondrial abnormalities in the primordial follicles. Further investigation of the consequences of these changes on oocyte metabolic regulation and stress levels during folliculogenesis is needed.","['D000818', 'D009865', 'D005260', 'D006080', 'D051379', 'D008928', 'D011247', 'D009765', 'D008297', 'D000079262', 'D011297', 'D059305']"
38935142,The relation of recurrent laryngeal nerve to inferior thyroid artery and extralaryngeal nerve branching may increase the risk of vocal cord paralysis in thyroidectomy.,"The anatomical variations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) are common during thyroidectomy. We aimed to evaluate the risk of RLN paralysis in case of its anatomical variations, retrospectively.","['D006801', 'D013965', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D014826', 'D008875', 'D012189', 'D000328', 'D012009', 'D013961', 'D000368', 'D061226', 'D012307', 'D055815', 'D011183', 'D000293']"
38934523,Pentoxifylline treatment as a safe method for selecting viable testicular spermatozoa before cryopreservation of a small numbers of spermatozoa in azoospermia individuals.,"Single sperm cryopreservation (SSC) is a specific technique especially used in individuals with small numbers of sperm who suffered from non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). Testicular specimens possess poor motility and low population of viable spermatozoa. Therefore, sperm selection methods such as applying pentoxifylline (PTX) may improve motility in these cases. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of PTX on testicular spermatozoa before and after performing SSC.","['D008297', 'D006801', 'D010431', 'D015925', 'D053713', 'D013094', 'D013081', 'D012662', 'D053938', 'D013737', 'D000328', 'D002470', 'D053078']"
38934417,Spermatogonial stem cells in the 129 inbred strain exhibit unique requirements for self-renewal.,"Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) undergo self-renewal division to sustain spermatogenesis. Although it is possible to derive SSC cultures in most mouse strains, SSCs from a 129 background never proliferate under the same culture conditions, suggesting they have distinct self-renewal requirements. Here, we established long-term culture conditions for SSCs from mice of the 129 background (129 mice). An analysis of 129 testes showed significant reduction of GDNF and CXCL12, whereas FGF2, INHBA and INHBB were higher than in testes of C57BL/6 mice. An analysis of undifferentiated spermatogonia in 129 mice showed higher expression of Chrna4, which encodes an acetylcholine (Ach) receptor component. By supplementing medium with INHBA and Ach, SSC cultures were derived from 129 mice. Following lentivirus transduction for marking donor cells, transplanted cells re-initiated spermatogenesis in infertile mouse testes and produced transgenic offspring. These results suggest that the requirements of SSC self-renewal in mice are diverse, which has important implications for understanding self-renewal mechanisms in various animal species.","['D000818', 'D008297', 'D051379', 'D013093', 'D008810', 'D013091', 'D013737', 'D000066673', 'D000072956', 'D002478', 'D011978', 'D008815', 'D002454', 'D049109', 'D013234', 'D008822']"
38933821,Gluco-regulation & type 2 diabetes: entrenched misconceptions updated to new governing principles for gold standard management.,"Our understanding of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has evolved dramatically. Advances have upended entrenched dogmas pertaining to the onset and progression of T2D, beliefs that have prevailed from the early era of diabetes research-and continue to populate our medical textbooks and continuing medical education materials. This review article highlights key insights that lend new governing principles for gold standard management of T2D. From the historical context upon which old beliefs arose to new findings, this article outlines evidence and perspectives on beta cell function, the underlying defects in glucoregulation, the remediable nature of T2D, and, the rationale supporting the shift to complication-centric prescribing. Practical approaches translate this rectified understanding of T2D into strategies that fill gaps in current management practices of prediabetes through late type 2 diabetes.","['D003924', 'D006801', 'D001786', 'D007004', 'D050417', 'D000085002', 'D019468']"
38931174,Marginal Zinc Deficiency Promotes Pancreatic Islet Enlargement While Zinc Supplementation Improves the Pancreatic Insulin Response in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats.,"Zinc deficiency has been associated with the worsening of diabetes while zinc supplementation has been proposed to ameliorate diabetes. This study examined the effects of marginal zinc deficiency (MZD) and zinc supplementation (ZS) on obesity, glycemic control, pancreatic islets, hepatic steatosis and renal function of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Male ZDF rats were fed an MZD, zinc control (ZC) or ZS diet (4, 30 and 300 mg Zn/kg diet, respectively), and lean Zucker rats were fed a ZC diet for 8 weeks. MZD and ZS did not alter body weight or whole-body composition in ZDF rats. MZD ZDF rats had reduced zinc concentrations in the femur and pancreas, a greater number of enlarged pancreatic islets and a diminished response to an oral glucose load based on a 1.8-fold greater incremental area-under-the-curve (AUC) for glucose compared to ZC ZDF. ZS ZDF rats had elevated serum, femur and pancreatic zinc concentrations, unchanged pancreatic parameters and a 50% reduction in the AUC for insulin compared to ZC ZDF rats, suggesting greater insulin sensitivity. Dietary zinc intake did not alter hepatic steatosis, creatinine clearance, or levels of proteins that contribute to insulin signaling, inflammation or zinc transport in epididymal fat. Potential adverse effects of ZS were suggested by reduced hepatic copper concentrations and elevated serum urea compared to ZC ZDF rats. In summary, ZS improved the pancreatic insulin response but not the glucose handling. In contrast, reduced zinc status in ZDF rats led to impaired glucose tolerance and a compensatory increase in the number and size of pancreatic islets which could lead to β-cell exhaustion.","['D000818', 'D011924', 'D015032', 'D019587', 'D008297', 'D007328', 'D007515', 'D051381', 'D001786', 'D009765', 'D007333', 'D010179', 'D008099', 'D003921']"
38931170,Prevention of Male Late-Onset Hypogonadism by Natural Polyphenolic Antioxidants.,"Androgen production primarily occurs in Leydig cells located in the interstitial compartment of the testis. In aging males, testosterone is crucial for maintaining muscle mass and strength, bone density, sexual function, metabolic health, energy levels, cognitive function, as well as overall well-being. As men age, testosterone production by Leydig cells of the testes begins to decline at a rate of approximately 1% per year starting from their 30s. This review highlights recent findings concerning the use of natural polyphenolics compounds, such as flavonoids, resveratrol, and phenolic acids, to enhance testosterone production, thereby preventing age-related degenerative conditions associated with testosterone insufficiency. Interestingly, most of the natural polyphenolic antioxidants having beneficial effects on testosterone production tend to enhance the expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (Star) gene in Leydig cells. The STAR protein facilitates the entry of the steroid precursor cholesterol inside mitochondria, a rate-limiting step for androgen biosynthesis. Natural polyphenolic compounds can also improve the activities of steroidogenic enzymes, hypothalamus-pituitary gland axis signaling, and testosterone bioavailability. Thus, many polyphenolic compounds such as luteolin, quercetin, resveratrol, ferulic acid phenethyl ester or gigantol may be promising in delaying the initiation of late-onset hypogonadism accompanying aging in males.","['D008297', 'D006801', 'D007006', 'D000975', 'D059808', 'D013739', 'D007985', 'D000818', 'D000375', 'D010750', 'D000077185']"
38928267,Arginine Vasotocin Directly Regulates Spermatogenesis in Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Testes.,"The neuropeptide vasopressin is known for its regulation of osmotic balance in mammals. Arginine vasotocin (AVT) is a non-mammalian homolog of this neuropeptide that is present in fish. Limited information suggested that vasopressin and its homologs may also influence reproductive function. In the present study, we investigated the direct effect of AVT on spermatogenesis, using zebrafish as a model organism. Results demonstrate that AVT and its receptors (avpr1aa, avpr2aa, avpr1ab, avpr2ab, and avpr2l) are expressed in the zebrafish brain and testes. The direct action of AVT on spermatogenesis was investigated using an ex vivo culture of mature zebrafish testes for 7 days. Using histological, morphometric, and biochemical approaches, we observed direct actions of AVT on zebrafish testicular function. AVT treatment directly increased the number of spermatozoa in an androgen-dependent manner, while reducing mitotic cells and the proliferation activity of type B spermatogonia. The observed stimulatory action of AVT on spermiogenesis was blocked by flutamide, an androgen receptor antagonist. The present results support the novel hypothesis that AVT stimulates short-term androgen-dependent spermiogenesis. However, its prolonged presence may lead to diminished spermatogenesis by reducing the proliferation of spermatogonia B, resulting in a diminished turnover of spermatogonia, spermatids, and spermatozoa. The overall findings offer an insight into the physiological significance of vasopressin and its homologs in vertebrates as a contributing factor in the multifactorial regulation of male reproduction.","['D000818', 'D015027', 'D008297', 'D013091', 'D014668', 'D013737', 'D017483', 'D029961', 'D013094', 'D049109', 'D013093']"
38928237,History of the Development of Knowledge about the Neuroendocrine Control of Ovulation-Recent Knowledge on the Molecular Background.,"The physiology of reproduction has been of interest to researchers for centuries. The purpose of this work is to review the development of our knowledge on the neuroendocrine background of the regulation of ovulation. We first describe the development of the pituitary gland, the structure of the median eminence (ME), the connection between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland, the ovarian and pituitary hormones involved in ovulation, and the pituitary cell composition. We recall the pioneer physiological and morphological investigations that drove development forward. The description of the supraoptic-paraventricular magnocellular and tuberoinfundibular parvocellular systems and recognizing the role of the hypophysiotropic area were major milestones in understanding the anatomical and physiological basis of reproduction. The discovery of releasing and inhibiting hormones, the significance of pulse and surge generators, the pulsatile secretion of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and the subsequent pulsatility of luteinizing (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH) in the human reproductive physiology were truly transformative. The roles of three critical neuropeptides, kisspeptin (KP), neurokinin B (NKB), and dynorphin (Dy), were also identified. This review also touches on the endocrine background of human infertility and assisted fertilization.","['D006801', 'D010060', 'D005260', 'D009490', 'D000818', 'D010902', 'D059648', 'D015287', 'D007986', 'D007987', 'D004399', 'D007031']"
38928161,The Protective Role of Magnoliae Flos in Preventing Ovotoxicity and Managing Ovarian Function: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study.,"Magnoliae Flos (MF) is a medicinal herb widely employed in traditional medicine for relieving sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, headaches, and toothaches. Here, we investigated the potential preventive effects of MF extract (MFE) against 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD)-induced ovotoxicity in ovarian cells and a mouse model of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). The cytoprotective effects of MFE were assessed using CHO-K1 or COV434 cells. In vivo, B6C3F1 female mice were intraperitoneally injected with VCD for two weeks to induce POI, while MFE was orally administered for four weeks, beginning one week before VCD administration. VCD led to a significant decline in the viabilities of CHO-K1 and COV434 cells and triggered excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis specifically in CHO-K1 cells. However, pretreatment with MFE effectively prevented VCD-induced cell death and ROS generation, while also activating the Akt signaling pathway. In vivo, MFE increased relative ovary weights, follicle numbers, and serum estradiol and anti-Müllerian hormone levels versus controls under conditions of ovary failure. Collectively, our results demonstrate that MFE has a preventive effect on VCD-induced ovotoxicity through Akt activation. These results suggest that MFE may have the potential to prevent and manage conditions such as POI and diminished ovarian reserve.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D051379', 'D016466', 'D003412', 'D016649', 'D010053', 'D010936', 'D017382', 'D017209', 'D014753', 'D053138', 'D051057', 'D004195', 'D015398']"
38928130,Targeting Protein Kinases to Protect Beta-Cell Function and Survival in Diabetes.,"The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide. Massive death of pancreatic beta-cells causes type 1 diabetes. Progressive loss of beta-cell function and mass characterizes type 2 diabetes. To date, none of the available antidiabetic drugs promotes the maintenance of a functional mass of endogenous beta-cells, revealing an unmet medical need. Dysfunction and apoptotic death of beta-cells occur, in particular, through the activation of intracellular protein kinases. In recent years, protein kinases have become highly studied targets of the pharmaceutical industry for drug development. A number of drugs that inhibit protein kinases have been approved for the treatment of cancers. The question of whether safe drugs that inhibit protein kinase activity can be developed and used to protect the function and survival of beta-cells in diabetes is still unresolved. This review presents arguments suggesting that several protein kinases in beta-cells may represent targets of interest for the development of drugs to treat diabetes.","['D006801', 'D050417', 'D000818', 'D011494', 'D047428', 'D003924', 'D007004', 'D002470', 'D003920', 'D003922']"
38928079,The Role of Z Chromosome Localization Gene psmd9 in Spermatogenesis of Cynoglossus semilaevis.,"Proteasome 26S Subunit, Non-ATPase 9 (psmd9) plays an important role in the balance of protamine and the stability of the nucleolar structure during spermatogenesis. In this study, we cloned the psmd9 of Cynoglossus semilaevis and analyzed its expression pattern. psmd9 was identified on the Z chromosome of C. semilaevis, which is considered an interesting candidate gene for spermatogenesis. qRT-PCR and FISH experiments showed that the psmd9 gene was significantly highly expressed in the testes. It is worth noting that the expression level of psmd9 in male fish testes is significantly higher than that in pseudomales. In order to further explore the role of psmd9 in spermatogenesis, a male testicular cell line was used as the experimental material. The results of the psmd9-RNAi and overexpression experiments showed that psmd9 had a synergistic effect with spermatogenesis-related genes dnd1, cfap69, dnah3 and dnajb13, but had an antagonistic effect with ccne2. Our findings offer a scientific foundation for comprehending the role of psmd9 in the spermatogenesis regulatory network of C. semilaevis.","['D000818', 'D013091', 'D008297', 'D013737', 'D012730', 'D029941', 'D046988', 'D003001']"
38928038,"Comparative Analysis of Orthosteric and Allosteric GLP-1R Agonists' Effects on Insulin Secretion from Healthy, Diabetic, and Recovered INS-1E Pancreatic Beta Cells.","Despite the availability of different treatments for type 2 diabetes (T2D), post-diagnosis complications remain prevalent; therefore, more effective treatments are desired. Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1-based drugs are currently used for T2D treatment. They act as orthosteric agonists for the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R). In this study, we analyzed in vitro how the GLP-1R orthosteric and allosteric agonists augment glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and intracellular cAMP production (GSICP) in INS-1E pancreatic beta cells under healthy, diabetic, and recovered states. The findings from this study suggest that allosteric agonists have a longer duration of action than orthosteric agonists. They also suggest that the GLP-1R agonists do not deplete intracellular insulin, indicating they can be a sustainable and safe treatment option for T2D. Importantly, this study demonstrates that the GLP-1R agonists variably augment GSIS through GSICP in healthy, diabetic, and recovered INS-1E cells. Furthermore, we find that INS-1E cells respond differentially to the GLP-1R agonists depending on both glucose concentration during and before treatment and/or whether the cells have been previously exposed to these drugs. In conclusion, the findings described in this manuscript will be useful in determining in vitro how pancreatic beta cells respond to T2D drug treatments in healthy, diabetic, and recovered states.","['D050417', 'D000067757', 'D000078790', 'D003924', 'D000818', 'D000494', 'D051381', 'D006801', 'D007328', 'D005947', 'D000242', 'D002460', 'D007004', 'D052216']"
38928028,Arginine Biosynthesis Mediates Wulingzhi Extract Resistance to Busulfan-Induced Male Reproductive Toxicity.,"Busulfan, an indispensable medicine in cancer treatment, can cause serious reproductive system damage to males as a side effect of its otherwise excellent therapeutic results. Its widespread use has also caused its accumulation in the environment and subsequent ecotoxicology effects. As a Chinese medicine, Wulingzhi (WLZ) has the effects of promoting blood circulation and improving female reproductive function. However, the potential effects of WLZ in male reproduction and in counteracting busulfan-induced testis damage, as well as its probable mechanisms, are still ambiguous. In this study, busulfan was introduced in a mouse model to evaluate its production of the testicular damage. The components of different WLZ extracts were compared using an untargeted metabolome to select extracts with greater efficacy, which were further confirmed in vivo. Here, we demonstrate abnormal spermatogenesis and low sperm quality in busulfan-injured testes. The WLZ extracts showed a strong potential to rehabilitate the male reproductive system; this effect was more prominent in room-temperature extracts. Additionally, both water and ethanol WLZ extracts at room temperature alleviated various busulfan-induced adverse effects. In particular, WLZ recovered spermatogenesis, re-activated arginine biosynthesis, and alleviated the increased oxidative stress and inflammation in the testis, ultimately reversing the busulfan-induced testicular injury. Collectively, these results suggest a promising approach to protecting the male reproductive system from busulfan-induced adverse side effects, as well as those of other similar anti-cancer drugs.","['D008297', 'D000818', 'D002066', 'D051379', 'D001120', 'D013737', 'D013091', 'D004365', 'D018384', 'D012098', 'D013094']"
38927618,"Gonadal Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis Reveals the Candidate Sex-Related Genes and Signaling Pathways in the East Asian Common Octopus, Octopus sinensis.","The East Asian common octopus (Octopus sinensis) is an economically important species among cephalopods. This species exhibits a strict dioecious and allogamous reproductive strategy, along with a phenotypic sexual dimorphism, where the third right arm differentiates into hectocotylus in males. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie sex determination and differentiation in this species remains limited. In the present study, we surveyed gene-expression profiles in the immature male and female gonads of O. sinensis based on the RNA-seq, and a total of 47.83 Gb of high-quality data were generated. Compared with the testis, we identified 8302 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the ovary, of which 4459 genes were up-regulated and 3843 genes were down-regulated. Based on the GO enrichment, many GO terms related to sex differentiation were identified, such as sex differentiation (GO: 0007548), sexual reproduction (GO: 0019953) and male sex differentiation (GO: 0046661). A KEGG classification analysis identified three conserved signaling pathways that related to sex differentiation, including the Wnt signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway and Notch signaling pathway. Additionally, 21 sex-related DEGs were selected, of which 13 DEGs were male-biased, including Dmrt1, Foxn5, Foxj1, Sox30, etc., and 8 DEGs were female-biased, including Sox14, Nanos3, β-tubulin, Suh, etc. Ten DEGs were used to verify the expression patterns in the testis and ovary using the RT-qPCR method, and the results showed that the expression level shown by RT-qPCR was consistent with that from the RNA-seq, which confirmed the reliability of the transcriptome data. The results presented in this study will not only contribute to our understanding of sex-formation mechanisms in O. sinensis but also provide the foundational information for further investigating the molecular mechanisms that underline its gonadal development and facilitate the sustainable development of octopus artificial breeding.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D049831', 'D012733', 'D059467', 'D010053', 'D013737', 'D015398', 'D020869', 'D019849', 'D000095225']"
38927599,The First Identification of Homomorphic XY Sex Chromosomes by Integrating Cytogenetic and Transcriptomic Approaches in Plestiodon elegans (Scincidae).,"The sex chromosomes of skinks are usually poorly differentiated and hardly distinguished by cytogenetic methods. Therefore, identifying sex chromosomes in species lacking easily recognizable heteromorphic sex chromosomes is necessary to fully understand sex chromosome diversity. In this paper, we employed cytogenetics, sex quantification of genes, and transcriptomic approaches to characterize the sex chromosomes in Plestiodon elegans. Cytogenetic examination of metaphases revealed a diploid number of 2n = 26, consisting of 12 macrochromosomes and 14 microchromosomes, with no significant heteromorphic chromosome pairs, speculating that the sex chromosomes may be homomorphic or poorly differentiated. The results of the sex quantification of genes showed that Calumenin (calu), COPI coat complex subunit γ 2 (copg2), and Smoothened (smo) were at half the dose in males as in females, suggesting that they are on the X chromosome. Transcriptomic data analysis from the gonads yielded the excess expression male-specific genes (n = 16), in which five PCR molecular markers were developed. Restricting the observed heterozygosity to males suggests the presence of homomorphic sex chromosomes in P. elegans, XX/XY. This is the first breakthrough in the study of the sex chromosomes of Plestiodon.","['D000818', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D059467', 'D012730', 'D014960', 'D006066', 'D020732']"
38927591,Transcriptional Regulation Analysis Provides Insight into the Function of GSK3β Gene in Diannan Small-Ear Pig Spermatogenesis.,"Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) not only plays a crucial role in regulating sperm maturation but also is pivotal in orchestrating the acrosome reaction. Here, we integrated single-molecule long-read and short-read sequencing to comprehensively examine GSK3β expression patterns in adult Diannan small-ear pig (DSE) testes. We identified the most important transcript ENSSSCT00000039364 of GSK3β, obtaining its full-length coding sequence (CDS) spanning 1263 bp. Gene structure analysis located GSK3β on pig chromosome 13 with 12 exons. Protein structure analysis reflected that GSK3β consisted of 420 amino acids containing PKc-like conserved domains. Phylogenetic analysis underscored the evolutionary conservation and homology of GSK3β across different mammalian species. The evaluation of the protein interaction network, KEGG, and GO pathways implied that GSK3β interacted with 50 proteins, predominantly involved in the Wnt signaling pathway, papillomavirus infection, hippo signaling pathway, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, basal cell carcinoma, and Alzheimer's disease. Functional annotation identified that GSK3β was involved in thirteen GOs, including six molecular functions and seven biological processes. ceRNA network analysis suggested that DSE GSK3β was regulated by 11 miRNA targets. Furthermore, qPCR expression analysis across 15 tissues highlighted that GSK3β was highly expressed in the testis. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that the majority of the GSK3β protein was located in the cytoplasm of ST (swine testis) cells, with a small amount detected in the nucleus. Overall, our findings shed new light on GSK3β's role in DSE reproduction, providing a foundation for further functional studies of GSK3β function.","['D000818', 'D000071679', 'D008297', 'D013552', 'D013091', 'D013737', 'D010802', 'D005786']"
38927090,"Implications of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist on Thyroid Function: A Literature Review of Its Effects on Thyroid Volume, Risk of Cancer, Functionality and TSH Levels.","The increasing utilization of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus has raised interest regarding their impact on thyroid function. In fact, while these agents are well known for their efficacy in glycemic control and weight management, their association with thyroid disorders requires clarification due to the complex interplay between thyroid hormones and metabolic pathways. Thyroid dysfunction commonly co-occurs with metabolic conditions such as diabetes and obesity, suggesting a profound interconnection between these systems. This review aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the interaction between GLP-1 RAs and thyroid dysfunction and to clarify the safety of GLP-1 RAs in diabetic patients with thyroid disorders. By synthesizing existing evidence, this review highlights that, despite various studies exploring this topic, current evidence is inconclusive, with conflicting results. It is important to note that these drugs are relatively recent, and longer-term studies with larger sample sizes are likely needed to draw clearer conclusions. Currently, no existing guidelines provide definitive directions on this clinical issue; however, it is advisable to include thyroid function tests in the routine screening of diabetic patients, particularly those treated with GLP-1 Ras, with the goal of optimizing patient care and management.","['D006801', 'D000067757', 'D013961', 'D003924', 'D013972', 'D007004', 'D009369', 'D013964']"
38927074,Human Menstrual Blood-Derived Stem Cells Protect against Tacrolimus-Induced Islet Dysfunction via Cystathionine β-Synthase Mediated IL-6/STAT3 Inactivation.,"Diabetes imposes a huge burden worldwide. Islet transplantation is an alternative therapy for diabetes. However, tacrolimus, a kind of immunosuppressant after organ transplantation, is closely related to post-transplant diabetes mellitus. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted interest for their potential to alleviate diabetes. In vivo experiments revealed that human menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) treatment improved tacrolimus-induced blood glucose, body weight, and glucose tolerance disorders in mice. RNA sequencing was used to analyze the potential therapeutic targets of MenSCs. In this study, we illustrated that cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) contributed to tacrolimus -induced islet dysfunction. Using β-cell lines (MIN6, β-TC-6), we demonstrated that MenSCs ameliorated tacrolimus-induced islet dysfunction in vitro. Moreover, MenSC reduced the tacrolimus-induced elevation of CBS levels and significantly enhanced the viability, anti-apoptotic ability, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), and glycolytic flux of β-cells. We further revealed that MenSCs exerted their therapeutic effects by inhibiting CBS expression to activate the IL6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway. In conclusion, we showed that MenSCs may be a potential strategy to improve tacrolimus-induced islet dysfunction.","['D006801', 'D050796', 'D016559', 'D015850', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D005260', 'D003541', 'D007515', 'D053614', 'D050417', 'D008598', 'D059630', 'D015398', 'D000078790', 'D002460']"
38927011,Single-Nucleus RNA-Seq Reveals Spermatogonial Stem Cell Developmental Pattern in Shaziling Pigs.,"Normal testicular development ensures the process of spermatogenesis, which is a complex biological process. The sustained high productivity of spermatogenesis throughout life is predominantly attributable to the constant proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). The self-renewal and differentiation processes of SSCs are strictly regulated by the SSC niche. Therefore, understanding the developmental pattern of SSCs is crucial for spermatogenesis. The Shaziling pig is a medium-sized indigenous pig breed originating from central China. It is renowned for its superior meat quality and early male sexual maturity. The spermatogenic ability of the boars is of great economic importance to the pig industry. To investigate testicular development, particularly the pattern of SSC development in Shaziling pigs, we used single-cell transcriptomics to identify gene expression patterns in 82,027 individual cells from nine Shaziling pig testes at three key postnatal developmental stages. We generated an unbiased cell developmental atlas of Shaziling pig testicular tissues. We elucidated the complex processes involved in the development of SSCs within their niche in the Shaziling pig. Specifically, we identified potential marker genes and cellular signaling pathways that regulate SSC self-renewal and maintenance. Additionally, we proposed potential novel marker genes for SSCs that could be used for SSC isolation and sorting in Shaziling pigs. Furthermore, by immunofluorescence staining of testicular tissues of different developmental ages using marker proteins (UCHL1 and KIT), the developmental pattern of the spermatogonia of Shaziling pigs was intensively studied. Our research enhances the comprehension of the development of SSCs and provides a valuable reference for breeding Shaziling pigs.","['D000818', 'D008297', 'D013552', 'D000081246', 'D013093', 'D013737', 'D000072956', 'D059010', 'D002454', 'D013091', 'D013234', 'D059467']"
38926537,"Single-cell transcriptome profiling highlights the importance of telocyte, kallikrein genes, and alternative splicing in mouse testes aging.","Advancing healthcare for elderly men requires a deeper understanding of testicular aging processes. In this study, we conducted transcriptomic profiling of 43,323 testicular single cells from young and old mice, shedding light on 1032 telocytes-an underexplored testicular cell type in previous research. Our study unveiled 916 age-related differentially expressed genes (age-DEGs), with telocytes emerging as the cell type harboring the highest count of age-DEGs. Of particular interest, four genes (Klk1b21, Klk1b22, Klk1b24, Klk1b27) from the Kallikrein family, specifically expressed in Leydig cells, displayed down-regulation in aged testes. Moreover, cell-type-level splicing analyses unveiled 1838 age-related alternative splicing (AS) events. While we confirmed the presence of more age-DEGs in somatic cells compared to germ cells, unexpectedly, more age-related AS events were identified in germ cells. Further experimental validation highlighted 4930555F03Rik, a non-coding RNA gene exhibiting significant age-related AS changes. Our study represents the first age-related single-cell transcriptomic investigation of testicular telocytes and Kallikrein genes in Leydig cells, as well as the first delineation of cell-type-level AS dynamics during testicular aging in mice.","['D000818', 'D008297', 'D051379', 'D017398', 'D007610', 'D013737', 'D000375', 'D020869', 'D059010', 'D059467', 'D007985']"
38926439,In vitro effect of visfatin on endocrine functions of the porcine corpus luteum.,"Previously, we demonstrated the expression of visfatin in porcine reproductive tissues and its effect on pituitary endocrinology. The objective of this study was to examine the visfatin effect on the secretion of steroid (P4, E2) and prostaglandin (PGE2, PGF2α), the mRNA and protein abundance of steroidogenic markers (STAR, CYP11A1, HSD3B, CYP19A1), prostaglandin receptors (PTGER2, PTGFR), insulin receptor (INSR), and activity of kinases (MAPK/ERK1/2, AKT, AMPK) in the porcine corpus luteum. We noted that the visfatin effect strongly depends on the phase of the estrous cycle: on days 2-3 and 14-16 it reduced P4, while on days 10-12 it stimulated P4. Visfatin increased secretion of E2 on days 2-3, PGE2 on days 2-3 and 10-12, reduced PGF2α release on days 14-16, as well as stimulated the expression of steroidogenic markers on days 10-12 of the estrous cycle. Moreover, visfatin elevated PTGER mRNA expression and decreased its protein level, while we noted the opposite changes for PTGFR. Additionally, visfatin activated ERK1/2, AKT, and AMPK, while reduced INSR phosphorylation. Interestingly, after inhibition of INSR and signalling pathways visfatin action was abolished. These findings suggest a regulatory role of visfatin in the porcine corpus luteum.","['D000818', 'D003338', 'D005260', 'D013552', 'D054409', 'D030762', 'D011972', 'D011374', 'D011982', 'D015237']"
38926380,[Investigation of influencing factors and reference ranges for thyroid function in hospitalized preterm infants at the age of 7 days].,"To investigate the influencing factors and reference ranges for thyroid function in preterm infants at the age of 7 days, with the aim of avoiding unnecessary clinical reexamination and intervention.","['D006801', 'D007231', 'D007234', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012016', 'D013961', 'D013972', 'D012189', 'D013960', 'D013974', 'D014284', 'D005865', 'D001724', 'D006760']"
38925910,Adipocyte-specific FAK deletion promotes pancreatic β-cell apoptosis via adipose inflammatory response to exacerbate diabetes mellitus.,"White adipose tissue (WAT) has a key role in maintaining energy balance throughout the body, and their dysfunction take part in the regulation of diabetes mellitus. However, the internal regulatory mechanisms underlying are still unknown.","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D017209', 'D050417', 'D017667', 'D051417', 'D018345', 'D003921', 'D007249', 'D008297', 'D000273', 'D004195']"
38924394,Optogenetic β cell interrogation in vivo reveals a functional hierarchy directing the Ca2+ response to glucose supported by vitamin B6.,"Coordination of cellular activity through Ca2+ enables β cells to secrete precise quantities of insulin. To explore how the Ca2+ response is orchestrated in space and time, we implement optogenetic systems to probe the role of individual β cells in the glucose response. By targeted β cell activation/inactivation in zebrafish, we reveal a hierarchy of cells, each with a different level of influence over islet-wide Ca2+ dynamics. First-responder β cells lie at the top of the hierarchy, essential for initiating the first-phase Ca2+ response. Silencing first responders impairs the Ca2+ response to glucose. Conversely, selective activation of first responders demonstrates their increased capability to raise pan-islet Ca2+ levels compared to followers. By photolabeling and transcriptionally profiling β cells that differ in their thresholds to a glucose-stimulated Ca2+ response, we highlight vitamin B6 production as a signature pathway of first responders. We further define an evolutionarily conserved requirement for vitamin B6 in enabling the Ca2+ response to glucose in mammalian systems.","['D000818', 'D050417', 'D015027', 'D005947', 'D062308', 'D002118', 'D020013']"
38920724,Fertility Assessment after Ovarian Transposition in Children and Young Women Treated for a Malignant Tumor.,"Ovarian transposition (OT) has been proposed as a protective measure against radiation-induced damage to ovarian function and fertility. Despite its historical use, limited research has focused on evaluating endocrine and exocrine ovarian function after OT performed in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) before or during puberty. The purpose of our study was to investigate the fertility, pubertal development, and ovarian function of women with a previous history of OT during childhood, adolescence or young adulthood. In an observational bicentric retrospective study, we included 32 young female cancer patients who underwent OT before the age of 26 between 1990 and 2015 at Lyon Léon Bérard Cancer Center or Nancy University Hospital. The mean age at the time of OT was 15.6 years with a cancer diagnosis at 15 ± 4.8 years. Among the 10 women attempting pregnancy post-treatment, 60% achieved successful pregnancies. After a mean follow-up of 9.6 ± 7 years, 74% (17 out of 23) of women recovered spontaneous menstrual cycles (seven out of eight evaluable women with OT before or during puberty). Notably, 35% of women who did not attempt pregnancy demonstrated adequate ovarian reserve. Ovarian reserve and function recovery were influenced by the specific chemotherapy received. Importantly, our findings suggest that OT's effectiveness on ovarian activity resumption does not significantly differ when performed before or during puberty compared to pubertal stages. This study contributes valuable insights into the long-term reproductive outcomes of young women undergoing OT, emphasizing its potential efficacy in preserving ovarian function and fertility across different developmental stages.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000293', 'D010053', 'D055815', 'D009369', 'D012189', 'D059247', 'D000328', 'D002648', 'D005298', 'D065851']"
38920681,The Odad3 Gene Is Necessary for Spermatozoa Development and Male Fertility in Mice.,"Odad3 gene loss-of-function mutation leads to Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD), a disease caused by motile cilia dysfunction. Previously, we demonstrated that knockout of the Odad3 gene in mice replicates several features of PCD, such as hydrocephalus, defects in left-right body symmetry, and male infertility, with a complete absence of sperm in the reproductive tract. The majority of Odad3 knockout animals die before sexual maturation due to severe hydrocephalus and failure to thrive, which precludes fertility studies. Here, we performed the expression analysis of the Odad3 gene during gonad development and in adult testes. We showed that Odad3 starts its expression during the first wave of spermatogenesis, specifically at the meiotic stage, and that its expression is restricted to the germ cells in the adult testes, suggesting that Odad3 plays a role in spermatozoa formation. Subsequently, we conditionally deleted the Odad3 gene in adult males and demonstrated that even partial ablation of the Odad3 gene leads to asthenoteratozoospermia with multiple morphological abnormalities of sperm flagella (MMAF) in mice. The analysis of the seminiferous tubules in Odad3-deficient mice revealed defects in spermatogenesis with accumulation of seminiferous tubules at the spermiogenesis and spermiation phases. Furthermore, analysis of fertility in heterozygous Odad3+/- knockout mice revealed a reduction in sperm count and motility as well as abnormal sperm morphology. Additionally, Odad3+/- males exhibited a shorter fertile lifespan. Overall, these results suggest the important role of Odad3 and Odad3 gene dosage in male fertility. These findings may have an impact on the genetic and fertility counseling practice of PCD patients carrying Odad3 loss-of-function mutations.","['D000818', 'D008297', 'D013091', 'D005298', 'D051379', 'D013094', 'D018345', 'D013737', 'D007248', 'D008810']"
38920160,Polycystic ovary syndrome v.2023: Simplified diagnostic criteria for an East Asian phenotype.,"Two decades after the Rotterdam 2003 consensus workshop, there have been considerable advances in elucidating the pathophysiology and epidemiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This has prompted the re-examination of the features that characterise this common condition. Current definitions have led to great heterogeneity in the prevalence of PCOS and have contributed to inconsistent treatment protocols and assessment of therapeutic outcomes. Diagnosis is further complicated by the lack of universal agreement on threshold cut-offs for ovarian dysfunction and ethnic differences in hirsutism; both of which are key features in the definitions that are commonly used currently. These challenges often result in dissatisfaction with medical care among PCOS patients and their physicians.","['D006801', 'D011085', 'D005260', 'D013739', 'D010641', 'D054304', 'D044466', 'D006628', 'D009839', 'D000858', 'D005163', 'D000568', 'D008597', 'D010053', 'D000095225']"
38918838,M6A demethylase FTO-stabilized exosomal circBRCA1 alleviates oxidative stress-induced granulosa cell damage via the miR-642a-5p/FOXO1 axis.,"Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is an important cause of female infertility and seriously impacts the physical and psychological health of patients. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (HucMSCs-Exs, H-Exs) have exhibited protective effects on ovarian function with unclear mechanisms.","['D005260', 'D006107', 'D018384', 'D035683', 'D000818', 'D055354', 'D051381', 'D000079962', 'D006801', 'D016649', 'D000071516', 'D000071161', 'D017207', 'D059630', 'D000328']"
38918770,Preovulatory follicular fluid secretome added to in vitro maturation medium influences the metabolism of equine cumulus-oocyte complexes.,"In vitro embryo production is a highly demanded reproductive technology in horses, which requires the recovery (in vivo or post-mortem) and in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes. Oocytes subjected to IVM exhibit poor developmental competence compared to their in vivo counterparts, being this related to a suboptimal composition of commercial maturation media. The objective of this work was to study the effect of different concentrations of secretome obtained from equine preovulatory follicular fluid (FF) on cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) during IVM. COCs retrieved in vivo by ovum pick up (OPU) or post-mortem from a slaughterhouse (SLA) were subjected to IVM in the presence or absence of secretome (Control: 0 µg/ml, S20: 20 µg/ml or S40: 40 µg/ml). After IVM, the metabolome of the medium used for oocyte maturation prior (Pre-IVM) and after IVM (Post-IVM), COCs mRNA expression, and oocyte meiotic competence were analysed.","['D000818', 'D006736', 'D009865', 'D015571', 'D059471', 'D054885', 'D005260', 'D003470', 'D000089282']"
38918575,Molecular profiling of NOD mouse islets reveals a novel regulator of insulitis onset.,"Non-obese diabetes (NOD) mice are an established, spontaneous model of type 1 diabetes in which diabetes develops through insulitis. Using next-generation sequencing, coupled with pathway analysis, the molecular fingerprint of early insulitis was mapped in a cohort of mice ranging from 4 to 12 weeks of age. The resulting dynamic timeline revealed an initial decrease in proliferative capacity followed by the emergence of an inflammatory signature between 6 and 8 weeks that increased to a regulatory plateau between 10 and 12 weeks. The inflammatory signature is identified by the activation of central immunogenic factors such as Infg, Il1b, and Tnfa, and activation of canonical inflammatory signaling. Analysis of the regulatory landscape revealed the transcription factor Atf3 as a potential novel modulator of inflammatory signaling in the NOD islets. Furthermore, the Hedgehog signaling pathway correlated with Atf3 regulation, suggesting that the two play a role in regulating islet inflammation; however, further studies are needed to establish the nature of this connection.","['D000818', 'D007515', 'D051700', 'D051379', 'D003922', 'D016688', 'D015398', 'D005260', 'D007249', 'D053823', 'D020869', 'D004195']"
38918570,MRI-based adrenal gland volume is associated with cardiovascular alterations in individuals without prior cardiovascular disease.,"Aim of this study was to analyse the associations of cardiovascular health and adrenal gland volume as a rather new imaging biomarker of chronic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation. The study population originates from the KORA population-based cross-sectional prospective cohort. 400 participants without known cardiovascular disease underwent a whole-body MRI. Manual segmentation of adrenal glands was performed on VIBE-Dixon gradient-echo sequence. MRI based evaluation of cardiac parameters was achieved semi-automatically. Cardiometabolic risk factors were obtained through standardized interviews and medical examination. Univariate and multivariate associations were derived. Bi-directional causal mediation analysis was performed. 351 participants were eligible for analysis (56 ± 9.1 years, male 58.7%). In multivariate analysis, significant associations were observed between adrenal gland volume and hypertension (outcome hypertension: Odds Ratio = 1.11, 95% CI [1.01, 1.21], p = 0.028), left ventricular remodelling index (LVRI) (outcome LVRI: β = 0.01, 95% CI [0.00, 0.02], p = 0.011), and left ventricular (LV) wall thickness (outcome LV wall thickness: β = 0.06, 95% CI [0.02, 0.09], p = 0.005). In bi-directional causal mediation analysis adrenal gland volume had a borderline significant mediating effect on the association between hypertension and LVRI (p = 0.052) as well as wall thickness (p = 0.054). MRI-based assessment of adrenal gland enlargement is associated with hypertension and LV remodelling. Adrenal gland volume may serve as an indirect cardiovascular imaging biomarker.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D000311', 'D008279', 'D005260', 'D002318', 'D003430', 'D000368', 'D011446', 'D006973', 'D020257', 'D009929', 'D007030', 'D010913']"
38918475,Visfatin impact on the proteome of porcine luteal cells during implantation.,"Visfatin (VIS) is a hormone belonging to the adipokines' group secreted mainly by the adipose tissue. VIS plays a crucial role in the control of energy homeostasis, inflammation, cell differentiation, and angiogenesis. VIS expression was confirmed in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis structures, as well as in the uterus, placenta, and conceptuses. We hypothesised that VIS may affect the abundance of proteins involved in the regulation of key processes occurring in the corpus luteum (CL) during the implantation process in pigs. In the present study, we performed the high-throughput proteomic analysis (liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS) to examine the in vitro influence of VIS (100 ng/mL) on differentially regulated proteins (DRPs) in the porcine luteal cells (LCs) on days 15-16 of pregnancy (implantation period). We have identified 511 DRPs, 276 of them were up-regulated, and 235 down-regulated in the presence of VIS. Revealed DRPs were assigned to 162 gene ontology terms. Western blot analysis of five chosen DRPs, ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 1 (ADAMTS1), lanosterol 14-α demethylase (CYP51A1), inhibin subunit beta A (INHBA), notch receptor 3 (NOTCH3), and prostaglandin E synthase 2 (mPGES2) confirmed the veracity and accuracy of LC-MS/MS method. We indicated that VIS modulates the expression of proteins connected with the regulation of lipogenesis and cholesterologenesis, and, in consequence, may be involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones, as well as prostaglandins' metabolism. Moreover, we revealed that VIS affects the abundance of protein associated with ovarian cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, as well as CL new vessel formation and tissue remodelling. Our results suggest important roles for VIS in the regulation of ovarian functions during the peri-implantation period.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D013552', 'D010064', 'D054409', 'D020543', 'D008184', 'D011247', 'D040901', 'D053719', 'D002853', 'D028322']"
38918439,Predicting type 2 diabetes via machine learning integration of multiple omics from human pancreatic islets.,"Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the fastest growing non-infectious disease worldwide. Impaired insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells is a hallmark of T2D, but the mechanisms behind this defect are insufficiently characterized. Integrating multiple layers of biomedical information, such as different Omics, may allow more accurate understanding of complex diseases such as T2D. Our aim was to explore and use Machine Learning to integrate multiple sources of biological/molecular information (multiOmics), in our case RNA-sequening, DNA methylation, SNP and phenotypic data from islet donors with T2D and non-diabetic controls. We exploited Machine Learning to perform multiOmics integration of DNA methylation, expression, SNPs, and phenotypes from pancreatic islets of 110 individuals, with ~ 30% being T2D cases. DNA methylation was analyzed using Infinium MethylationEPIC array, expression was analyzed using RNA-sequencing, and SNPs were analyzed using HumanOmniExpress arrays. Supervised linear multiOmics integration via DIABLO based on Partial Least Squares (PLS) achieved an accuracy of 91 ± 15% of T2D prediction with an area under the curve of 0.96 ± 0.08 on the test dataset after cross-validation. Biomarkers identified by this multiOmics integration, including SACS and TXNIP DNA methylation, OPRD1 and RHOT1 expression and a SNP annotated to ANO1, provide novel insights into the interplay between different biological mechanisms contributing to T2D. This Machine Learning approach of multiOmics cross-sectional data from human pancreatic islets achieved a promising accuracy of T2D prediction, which may potentially find broad applications in clinical diagnostics. In addition, it delivered novel candidate biomarkers for T2D and links between them across the different Omics.","['D006801', 'D003924', 'D000069550', 'D019175', 'D007515', 'D020641', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D015415', 'D000328', 'D000368']"
38915898,Advances in research on spexin-mediated regulation of reproductive function in vertebrates.,"Spexin (SPX, NPQ) is a 14-amino acid neuroactive peptide identified using bioinformatics. This amino acid sequence of the mature spexin peptide has been highly conserved during species evolution and is widely distributed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues and organs. Therefore, spexin may play a role in various biological functions. Spexin, the cognate ligand for GALR2/3, acting as a neuromodulator or endocrine signaling factor, can inhibit reproductive performance. However, controversies and gaps in knowledge persist regarding spexin-mediated regulation of animal reproductive functions. This review focuses on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of spexin on reproduction. Through this review, we aim to enhance understanding and obtain in-depth insights into the regulation of reproduction by spexin peptides, thereby providing a scientific basis for future investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying the influence of spexin on reproductive function. Such investigations hold potential benefits for optimizing farming practices in livestock, poultry, and fish industries.","['D000818', 'D012098', 'D036361', 'D014714', 'D006801', 'D007030']"
38915897,"Loss of β-cell identity and dedifferentiation, not an irreversible process?","Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a polygenic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and impaired insulin secretion by the pancreas. While the decline in insulin production and secretion was previously attributed to apoptosis of insulin-producing β-cells, recent studies indicate that β-cell apoptosis rates are relatively low in diabetes. Instead, β-cells primarily undergo dedifferentiation, a process where they lose their specialized identity and transition into non-functional endocrine progenitor-like cells, ultimately leading to β-cell failure. The underlying mechanisms driving β-cell dedifferentiation remain elusive due to the intricate interplay of genetic factors and cellular stress. Understanding these mechanisms holds the potential to inform innovative therapeutic approaches aimed at reversing β-cell dedifferentiation in T2D. This review explores the proposed drivers of β-cell dedifferentiation leading to β-cell failure, and discusses current interventions capable of reversing this process, thus restoring β-cell identity and function.","['D006801', 'D050417', 'D054337', 'D003924', 'D000818', 'D002454', 'D017209', 'D000078790']"
38915393,Longitudinal changes in DNA methylation during the onset of islet autoimmunity differentiate between reversion versus progression of islet autoimmunity.,"Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is preceded by a heterogenous pre-clinical phase, islet autoimmunity (IA). We aimed to identify pre vs. post-IA seroconversion (SV) changes in DNAm that differed across three IA progression phenotypes, those who lose autoantibodies (reverters), progress to clinical T1D (progressors), or maintain autoantibody levels (maintainers).","['D006801', 'D003922', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D015551', 'D007515', 'D018450', 'D001323', 'D019175', 'D002648', 'D000293', 'D008137', 'D002675', 'D055106', 'D044127']"
38914743,Clinical risk factors and cancer risk of thyroid imaging reporting and data system category 4 A thyroid nodules.,"Beyond the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) classification of thyroid nodules, additional factors must be weighed in the decision to perform fine needle aspiration (FNA). In this study, we aimed to identify risk factors for malignancy in patients with ultrasound-classified Chinese-TIRADS (C-TIRADS) 4 A nodules.","['D006801', 'D016606', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D012307', 'D044963', 'D013964', 'D014463', 'D000368', 'D013961', 'D012189']"
38912862,Myo-inositol rescued insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in db/db mice.,"Myo-inositol (MI), present in a variety of foods, is essential in several important processes of cell physiology. In this study, we explored the protective effects of MI against hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in db/db mice, a typical animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MI supplement effectively suppressed the high plasma glucose and insulin levels and markedly relieved the insulin resistance (IR) in the db/db mice, comparable to metformin's effects. In MIN6 pancreatic β cells, MI also restrained the upsurge of insulin secretion stimulated by high-concentration glucose but had no impact on the promoted cell proliferation. Moreover, MI abated the enhanced plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in the db/db mice. Notably, the lipid droplet formation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from db/db mice was significantly diminished after the treatment of MI, indicating that MI could effectively inhibit the differentiation of db/db mouse MSCs into adipocytes. However, MI regretfully failed to control obesity in db/db mice. This work proved that MI significantly helped db/db mice's metabolic disorders, indicating that MI has potential as an effective adjunctive treatment for hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in T2DM patients.","['D000818', 'D007333', 'D050171', 'D007294', 'D051379', 'D003924', 'D008297', 'D007328', 'D059630', 'D001786', 'D050417', 'D017667', 'D006943']"
38912778,Surgical Perfusion and Isolation of the Porcine Pancreas for Islet Isolation.,"Pancreatic islet transplantation is an emerging treatment for type I diabetes; however, it is limited by donor matching and availability. Porcine islet xenotransplantation offers a promising alternative to allotransplantation, with the potential for large-scale production of on-demand, functional islets. The yield and viability of isolated islets is highly susceptible to the quality of the donor pancreas and the method of procurement, particularly the duration of warm-ischemia time. To improve organ preservation and subsequent islet yield and viability, we have developed a protocol for surgical perfusion and resection of the porcine pancreas. This protocol employs direct infrarenal aortic cannulation and organ perfusion to both minimize warm-ischemia time and simplify the procedure for operators who do not have extensive surgical expertise. Subsequent arterial perfusion of the pancreas via the aorta flushes stagnant blood from the microvasculature, thereby reducing thrombosis and oxidative damage to the tissue. This manuscript provides a detailed protocol for surgical perfusion and resection of the porcine pancreas, followed by islet isolation and purification.","['D000818', 'D013552', 'D007515', 'D016381', 'D010477', 'D010179', 'D014183']"
38912589,Protein disulfide isomerase is essential for spermatogenesis in mice.,"Spermatogenesis requires precise posttranslational control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but the mechanism remains largely unknown. The protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family is a group of thiol oxidoreductases responsible for catalyzing the disulfide bond formation of nascent proteins. In this study, we generated 14 strains of KO mice lacking the PDI family enzymes and found that only PDI deficiency caused spermatogenesis defects. Both inducible whole-body PDI-KO (UBC-Cre/Pdifl/fl) mice and premeiotic PDI-KO (Stra8-Cre/Pdifl/fl) mice experienced a significant decrease in germ cells, testicular atrophy, oligospermia, and complete male infertility. Stra8-Cre/Pdifl/fl spermatocytes had significantly upregulated ER stress-related proteins (GRP78 and XBP1) and apoptosis-related proteins (Cleaved caspase-3 and BAX), together with cell apoptosis. PDI deletion led to delayed DNA double-strand break repair and improper crossover at the pachytene spermatocytes. Quantitative mass spectrometry indicated that PDI deficiency downregulated vital proteins in spermatogenesis such as HSPA4L, SHCBP1L, and DDX4, consistent with the proteins' physical association with PDI in normal testes tissue. Furthermore, PDI served as a thiol oxidase for disulfide bond formation of SHCBP1L. Thus, PDI plays an essential role in protein quality control for spermatogenesis in mice.","['D000818', 'D008297', 'D013091', 'D019704', 'D051379', 'D018345', 'D013737', 'D000091342', 'D007248', 'D017209', 'D013090', 'D059865', 'D009845']"
38911037,A meta-analysis: elucidating diagnostic thresholds of peak systolic flow velocities in thyroid arteries for the discrimination of Graves' disease and destructive thyrotoxicosis.,"This meta-analysis examines peak systolic velocities (PSVs) in thyroid arteries as potential biomarkers for thyroid disorders, which includes treated and untreated Graves' disease(GD) and destructive thyrotoxicosis(DT).","['D006801', 'D006111', 'D013961', 'D001783', 'D013971', 'D001158', 'D003937', 'D013599']"
38909044,HNF4A and HNF1A exhibit tissue specific target gene regulation in pancreatic beta cells and hepatocytes.,"HNF4A and HNF1A encode transcription factors that are important for the development and function of the pancreas and liver. Mutations in both genes have been directly linked to Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. To better define the pleiotropic gene regulatory roles of HNF4A and HNF1A, we generated a comprehensive genome-wide map of their binding targets in pancreatic and hepatic cells using ChIP-Seq. HNF4A was found to bind and regulate known (ACY3, HAAO, HNF1A, MAP3K11) and previously unidentified (ABCD3, CDKN2AIP, USH1C, VIL1) loci in a tissue-dependent manner. Functional follow-up highlighted a potential role for HAAO and USH1C as regulators of beta cell function. Unlike the loss-of-function HNF4A/MODY1 variant I271fs, the T2D-associated HNF4A variant (rs1800961) was found to activate AKAP1, GAD2 and HOPX gene expression, potentially due to changes in DNA-binding affinity. We also found HNF1A to bind to and regulate GPR39 expression in beta cells. Overall, our studies provide a rich resource for uncovering downstream molecular targets of HNF4A and HNF1A that may contribute to beta cell or hepatic cell (dys)function, and set up a framework for gene discovery and functional validation.","['D051557', 'D051538', 'D050417', 'D003924', 'D022781', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D005786', 'D051379', 'D054758', 'D009928']"
38908885,Update in imaging tests used for the localization of parathyroid pathology.,"Preoperative localization of parathyroid pathology, generally a parathyroid adenoma, can be difficult in some cases due to the anatomical variants that these glands present. The objective of this review is to analyse the different imaging techniques used for preoperative localization of parathyroid pathology (scintigraphy, ultrasound, CT, MRI and PET). There is great variability between the different tests for the preoperative localization of parathyroid pathology. The importance of knowing the different diagnostic options lies in the need to choose the most suitable test at each moment and for each patient for an adequate management of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) with surgical criteria.","['D006801', 'D010282', 'D014463', 'D003952', 'D049950', 'D010280', 'D008279', 'D010279']"
38908048,Correlation between islet α cell function and peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.,"This study explored the correlation between pancreatic islet α cell function, as reflected by the plasma glucagon levels, and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).","['D006801', 'D003924', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D003929', 'D005934', 'D012189', 'D001786', 'D009431', 'D005951', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D004576', 'D050416', 'D007328', 'D019540', 'D013997', 'D012016']"
38907269,"Surgical management of anterior mediastinal tumors of thyroid origin: a comprehensive analysis of approaches, techniques, and outcomes.","This manuscript aims to describe the symptoms, demographics, surgical approaches and techniques, the volume of surgical interventions, histological results, intra- and postoperative complications, and postoperative results in patients with anterior mediastinal tumors of thyroid origin (AMTTO).","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D008479', 'D013965', 'D008875', 'D013964', 'D012189', 'D011183', 'D016896', 'D000328', 'D007431', 'D013961', 'D000369']"
38907186,Fever of unknown origin revealing testicular nocardiosis: a case report and literature review.,"Nocardia is an ubiquitous soil organism. As an opportunistic pathogen, inhalation and skin inoculation are the most common routes of infection. Lungs and skin are the most frequent sites of nocardiosis. Testis is a highly unusual location for nocardiosis.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D009617', 'D000368', 'D000900', 'D009615', 'D005335', 'D016867', 'D015662', 'D013737', 'D009920']"
38906914,GnRH agonist early follicular challenge test as a predictor of ovarian response in antagonist cycles for fertility preservation.,"The aim of our study was to evaluate if the response to follicular GnRH agonist (GnRHa) trigger be used to predict intracycle ovarian response in GnRH antagonist cycles among women undergoing fertility preservation IVF. We conducted a prospective study of 146 GnRH antagonist oocyte pickup (OPU) cycles to evaluate GnRHa stimulation test (GAST). On day 2 of the cycle, basal E2 were measured, followed by injection of 0.2 mg GnRHa as part of the initial ovarian stimulation. 12 h later blood sampling was repeated (GAST E3). E2 response was used as test parameter. The major outcome was the number of mature cryopreserved oocytes. We found a linear correlation between both GAST E3 level and GAST E3/E2 ratio and number of M2 oocytes. ROC curve analysis of GAST E3, GAST E3/E2 ratio, AFC and day 3 FSH for > 15 M2 and < 5 M2 oocytes was calculated. For GAST E3 levels obtaining < 5 M2 oocytes, an AUC value of 0.79 was found. For GAST E3 levels obtaining > 15 M2 oocytes, AUC value of 0.8. Patients with GAST E3 ≤ 384 pmol/l has 58.6% risk to obtain < 5 oocytes. Patients younger than 35 with GAST E3 > 708 pmol/l have 66% chance for freezing > 15 oocytes. The response to single GnRHa administration during GnRH antagonist cycle can be used as biomarker of ovarian reserve. This simple, widely available marker, which reflect the estradiol response of small follicles, might predict the response of the specific cycle, and can potentially be used to adjust the treatment dose.Trial registration number: 0304-20-ASF.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D007987', 'D000328', 'D059247', 'D010062', 'D011446', 'D054315', 'D006080', 'D005307', 'D009865', 'D015925', 'D010053', 'D004958', 'D006727']"
38904049,Beta cell dedifferentiation in type 1 diabetes: sacrificing function for survival?,"The pathogeneses of type 1 and type 2 diabetes involve the progressive loss of functional beta cell mass, primarily attributed to cellular demise and/or dedifferentiation. While the scientific community has devoted significant attention to unraveling beta cell dedifferentiation in type 2 diabetes, its significance in type 1 diabetes remains relatively unexplored. This perspective article critically analyzes the existing evidence for beta cell dedifferentiation in type 1 diabetes, emphasizing its potential to reduce beta cell autoimmunity. Drawing from recent advancements in both human studies and animal models, we present beta cell identity as a promising target for managing type 1 diabetes. We posit that a better understanding of the mechanisms of beta cell dedifferentiation in type 1 diabetes is key to pioneering interventions that balance beta cell function and immunogenicity.","['D000818', 'D006801', 'D015551', 'D054337', 'D003922', 'D050417']"
38904043,High coverage of targeted lipidomics revealed lipid changes in the follicular fluid of patients with insulin-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome and a positive correlation between plasmalogens and oocyte quality.,"Polycystic ovary syndrome with insulin resistance (PCOS-IR) is the most common endocrine and metabolic disease in women of reproductive age, and low fertility in PCOS patients may be associated with oocyte quality; however, the molecular mechanism through which PCOS-IR affects oocyte quality remains unknown.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011085', 'D015571', 'D009865', 'D000328', 'D000081362', 'D007333', 'D010955', 'D005307', 'D008055', 'D007247', 'D050356', 'D004624', 'D016022']"
38904035,Effect of progestin on thyroid function in female Wistar rats.,"To characterize the influence of female-specific hormones on women's thyroid function, the study investigated the influence of extra progestin from oral contraceptives on inducing thyroid dysfunction.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D017208', 'D051381', 'D011372', 'D013961', 'D016912', 'D017135', 'D013974', 'D013963', 'D013960']"
38902750,Serological and histolomorphological investigation of camel bulls testes (Camelus dromedaries) during the rutting and non-rutting seasons.,"Camels are bred for their milk, meat, wool and hair, transportation, and their excrement as fuel. The seasonal reproduction of camel bull is accompanied by changes in sexual activity, the morphology, and function of the testes. This study aimed to evaluate the seasonal fluctuations in serum testosterone (T) levels as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the testes of dromedary bulls (Camelus dromedarius) during the rutting and non-rutting seasons. Moreover, the impact of rutting season on the testicular size and histomorphology was also observed. Seventy mature dromedary bulls were divided into a rutting group (n = 35) and a non-rutting group (n = 35). From these bulls, blood samples and testes were collected during the rutting season (October to April) and non-rutting season (May to September) from a local slaughterhouse.","['D000818', 'D008297', 'D002162', 'D013737', 'D012621', 'D008315', 'D013739', 'D000975', 'D012726']"
38902357,Machine-learning-guided recognition of α and β cells from label-free infrared micrographs of living human islets of Langerhans.,"Human islets of Langerhans are composed mostly of glucagon-secreting α cells and insulin-secreting β cells closely intermingled one another. Current methods for identifying α and β cells involve either fixing islets and using immunostaining or disaggregating islets and employing flow cytometry for classifying α and β cells based on their size and autofluorescence. Neither approach, however, allows investigating the dynamic behavior of α and β cells in a living and intact islet. To tackle this issue, we present a machine-learning-based strategy for identification α and β cells in label-free infrared micrographs of living human islets without immunostaining. Intrinsic autofluorescence is stimulated by infrared light and collected both in intensity and lifetime in the visible range, dominated by NAD(P)H and lipofuscin signals. Descriptive parameters are derived from micrographs for ~ 103 cells. These parameters are used as input for a boosted decision-tree model (XGBoost) pre-trained with immunofluorescence-derived cell-type information. The model displays an optimized-metrics performance of 0.86 (i.e. area under a ROC curve), with an associated precision of 0.94 for the recognition of β cells and 0.75 for α cells. This tool promises to enable longitudinal studies on the dynamic behavior of individual cell types at single-cell resolution within the intact tissue.","['D006801', 'D000069550', 'D050417', 'D050416', 'D007515', 'D007259']"
38902324,"Dorsomorphin inhibits AMPK, upregulates Wnt and Foxo genes and promotes the activation of dormant follicles.","AMPK is a well-known energy sensor regulating cellular metabolism. Metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes are considered detrimental factors that reduce fecundity. Here, we show that pharmacologically induced in vitro activation (by metformin) or inhibition (by dorsomorphin) of the AMPK pathway inhibits or promotes activation of ovarian primordial follicles in cultured murine ovaries and human ovarian cortical chips. In mice, activation of primordial follicles in dorsomorphin in vitro-treated ovaries reduces AMPK activation and upregulates Wnt and FOXO genes, which, interestingly, is associated with decreased phosphorylation of β-catenin. The dorsomorphin-treated ovaries remain of high quality, with no detectable difference in reactive oxygen species production, apoptosis or mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity, suggesting safe activation. Subsequent maturation of in vitro-treated follicles, using a 3D alginate cell culture system, results in mature metaphase eggs with protruding polar bodies. These findings demonstrate that the AMPK pathway can safely regulate primordial follicles by modulating Wnt and FOXO genes, and reduce β-catenin phosphorylation.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D051379', 'D006080', 'D055372', 'D011743', 'D011720', 'D006801', 'D015854', 'D051858', 'D051153', 'D051176', 'D010766', 'D008810', 'D008687', 'D060449']"
38902275,In vivo brain estrogen receptor density by neuroendocrine aging and relationships with cognition and symptomatology.,"17β-estradiol, the most biologically active estrogen, exerts wide-ranging effects in brain through its action on estrogen receptors (ERs), influencing higher-order cognitive function and neurobiological aging. However, our knowledge of ER expression and regulation by neuroendocrine aging in the living human brain is limited. This in vivo brain 18F-fluoroestradiol (18F-FES) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) study of healthy midlife women reveals progressively higher ER density over the menopause transition in estrogen-regulated networks. Effects were independent of age, plasma estradiol and sex hormone binding globulin, and were highly consistent, correctly classifying all women as being postmenopausal or premenopausal. Higher ER density in target regions was associated with poorer memory performance for both postmenopausal and perimenopausal groups, and predicted presence of self-reported mood and cognitive symptoms after menopause. These findings provide novel insights on brain ER density modulation by female neuroendocrine aging, with clinical implications for women's health.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D003071', 'D001921', 'D000375', 'D011960', 'D049268', 'D000328', 'D004958', 'D009490', 'D008593']"
38956393,A ten-year retrospective analysis of decompressive craniectomy or craniotomy after severe brain injury and its implications for donation after brain death.,"Craniotomy or decompressive craniectomy are among the therapeutic options to prevent or treat secondary damage after severe brain injury. The choice of procedure depends, among other things, on the type and severity of the initial injury. It remains controversial whether both procedures influence the neurological outcome differently. Thus, estimating the risk of brain herniation and death and consequently potential organ donation remains difficult. All patients at the University Hospital Münster for whom an isolated craniotomy or decompressive craniectomy was performed as a treatment after severe brain injury between 2013 and 2022 were retrospectively included. Proportion of survivors and deceased were evaluated. Deceased were further analyzed regarding anticoagulants, comorbidities, type of brain injury, potential and utilized donation after brain death. 595 patients were identified, 296 patients survived, and 299 deceased. Proportion of decompressive craniectomy was higher than craniotomy in survivors (89% vs. 11%, p < 0.001). Brain death was diagnosed in 12 deceased and 10 donations were utilized. Utilized donations were comparable after both procedures (5% vs. 2%, p = 0.194). Preserved brain stem reflexes as a reason against donation did not differ between decompressive craniectomy or craniotomy (32% vs. 29%, p = 0.470). Patients with severe brain injury were more likely to survive after decompressive craniectomy than craniotomy. Among the deceased, potential and utilized donations did not differ between both procedures. This suggests that brain death can occur independent of the previous neurosurgical procedure and that organ donation should always be considered in end-of-life decisions for patients with a fatal prognosis.","['D006801', 'D056424', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D003399', 'D001926', 'D001930', 'D000368', 'D009927']"
38956303,An age-period-cohort analysis of hysterectomy incidence trends in Germany from 2005 to 2019.,"Recent studies show declining trends in hysterectomy rates in several countries. The objective of this study was to analyse hysterectomy time trends in Germany over a fifteen-year period using an age-period-cohort approach. Using an ecological study design, inpatient data from Diagnoses Related Group on hysterectomies by subtype performed in Germany from 2005 to 2019 were retrieved from the German Statistical Office. Descriptive time trends and age-period-cohort analyses were then performed. A total of 1,974,836 hysterectomies were performed over the study period. The absolute number of hysterectomies reduced progressively from 155,680 (365 procedures/100,000 women) in 2005 to 101,046 (257 procedures/100,000 women) in 2019. Total and radical hysterectomy decreased by 49.7% and 44.2%, respectively, whilst subtotal hysterectomy increased five-fold. The age-period-cohort analysis revealed highest hysterectomy rates in women aged 45-49 for total and subtotal hysterectomy with 608.63 procedures/100,000 women (95% CI 565.70, 654.82) and 151.30 procedures/100,000 women (95% CI 138.38, 165.44) respectively. Radical hysterectomy peaked later at 65-69 years with a rate of 40.63 procedures/100,000 women (95% CI 38.84, 42.52). The risk of undergoing total or radical hysterectomy decreased over the study period but increased for subtotal hysterectomy. Although, overall hysterectomy rates have declined, subtotal hysterectomy rates have increased; reflecting changes in clinical practice largely influenced by the availability of uterus-sparing options, evolving guidelines and introduction of newer surgical approaches.","['D006801', 'D007044', 'D005260', 'D005858', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D015331', 'D015994', 'D000367', 'D000369', 'D055815']"
38956245,The predictive value of GLIM criteria on clinical outcomes and responses to nutritional support in patients with neurocritical illnesses.,"Neurocritically ill patients frequently exhibit coma, gastroparesis, and intense catabolism, leading to an increased risk of malnutrition. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition was created to achieve a consistent malnutrition diagnosis across diverse populations. This study aimed to validate the concurrent and predictive validity of GLIM criteria in patients with neurocritical illnesses. A total of 135 participants were followed from admission to the neurocritical unit (NCU) until discharge. Comparing GLIM criteria to the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), sensitivity was 0.95 and specificity was 0.69. Predictive validity of GLIM criteria was assessed using a composite adverse clinical outcome, comprising mortality and various major complications. Adjusted hazard ratios for moderate and severe malnutrition were 2.86 (95% CI 1.45-5.67) and 3.88 (95% CI 1.51-9.94), respectively. Changes in indicators of nutritional status, including skeletal muscle mass and abdominal fat mass, within 7 days of admission were obtained for 61 participants to validate the predictive capability of the GLIM criteria for the patients' response of standardized nutritional support. The GLIM criteria have a statistically significant predictive validity on changes in rectus femoris muscle thickness and midarm muscle circumference. In conclusion, the GLIM criteria demonstrate high sensitivity for diagnosing malnutrition in neurocritically ill patients and exhibit good predictive validity.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D044342', 'D016638', 'D018529', 'D000368', 'D009752', 'D000328', 'D015596', 'D009422', 'D011237']"
38956149,"A retrospective cross-sectional study of risk factors for communicable disease diagnoses among refugees in mainland Greek camps, 2016-2017.","Communicable disease risk is high in refugee camps and reception centers. To better understand the risks for communicable disease diagnoses among refugees and asylum seekers, this study assesses individual- and camp-level risk factors among individuals utilizing Médecins du Monde clinics in four large refugee camps-Elliniko, Malakasa, Koutsochero, and Raidestos-on mainland Greece between July 2016 and May 2017. Descriptive statistics are reported for the demographic characteristics of the study population and for communicable disease burdens within the four camps-Elliniko, Malakasa, Raidestos, and Koutsochero. A hierarchical generalized linear model was used to assess risk factors for communicable disease diagnoses while accounting for individual-level clustering. This study shows marginal patterns in risk factors for communicable disease. Males had marginally higher risk of communicable disease diagnosis than females (OR = 1.12; 95% CI 0.97-1.29), and increased age was more protective against communicable disease for females (OR = 0.957; 95% CI 0.953-0.961) than for males (OR = 0.963; 95% CI 0.959-0.967). Communicable disease risk was significantly different between camps, with Elliniko (OR = 1.58; 95% CI 1.40-1.79) and Malakasa (OR = 1.43; 95% CI 1.25-1.63) having higher odds of communicable disease than Raidestos. The demographic and epidemiologic profiles of displaced populations differ across settings, and epidemiologic baselines for displaced populations are fundamental to evidence-informed provision of humanitarian aid. Further, while influences and risks for negative health outcomes in complex emergencies are broadly, the causal mechanisms that underpin these relationships are not as well understood. Both practitioners and researchers should engage with further research to elucidate the mechanisms through which these risks operate among displaced populations, including multilevel analyses.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D012036', 'D005260', 'D006115', 'D012307', 'D000328', 'D003430', 'D003141', 'D008875', 'D000293', 'D000073017', 'D012189', 'D055815', 'D002648', 'D002675', 'D007223', 'D000368']"
38956101,"Fetal deaths from birth defects in Hunan Province, China, 2016-2020.","To describe the fetal death rate of birth defects (including a broad range of specific defects) and to explore the relationship between fetal deaths from birth defects and a broad range of demographic characteristics. Data was derived from the birth defects surveillance system in Hunan Province, China, 2016-2020. Fetal death refers to the intrauterine death of a fetus at any time during the pregnancy, including medical termination of pregnancy. Fetal death rate is the number of fetal deaths per 100 births (including live births and fetal deaths) in a specified group (unit: %). The fetal death rate of birth defects with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated by the log-binomial method. Crude odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to examine the relationship between each demographic characteristic and fetal deaths from birth defects. This study included 847,755 births, and 23,420 birth defects were identified. A total of 11,955 fetal deaths from birth defects were identified, with a fetal death rate of 51.05% (95% CI 50.13-51.96). 15.78% (1887 cases) of fetal deaths from birth defects were at a gestational age of < 20 weeks, 59.05% (7059 cases) were at a gestational age of 20-27 weeks, and 25.17% (3009 cases) were at a gestational age of ≥ 28 weeks. Fetal death rate of birth defects was higher in females than in males (OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.18-1.32), in rural than in urban areas (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.36-1.50), in maternal age 20-24 years (OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.25-1.47), and ≥ 35 years (OR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.11-1.29) compared to maternal age of 25-29 years, in diagnosed by chromosomal analysis than ultrasound (OR = 6.24, 95% CI 5.15-7.55), and lower in multiple births than in singletons (OR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.36-0.47). The fetal death rate of birth defects increased with the number of previous pregnancies (χ2trend = 49.28, P < 0.01), and decreased with the number of previous deliveries (χ2trend = 4318.91, P < 0.01). Many fetal deaths were associated with birth defects. We found several demographic characteristics associated with fetal deaths from birth defects, which may be related to the severity of the birth defects, economic and medical conditions, and parental attitudes toward birth defects.","['D006801', 'D002681', 'D005260', 'D000013', 'D011247', 'D000328', 'D005313', 'D008297', 'D005865', 'D007231', 'D055815', 'D008423', 'D016017']"
38956036,HiTE: a fast and accurate dynamic boundary adjustment approach for full-length transposable element detection and annotation.,"Recent advancements in genome assembly have greatly improved the prospects for comprehensive annotation of Transposable Elements (TEs). However, existing methods for TE annotation using genome assemblies suffer from limited accuracy and robustness, requiring extensive manual editing. In addition, the currently available gold-standard TE databases are not comprehensive, even for extensively studied species, highlighting the critical need for an automated TE detection method to supplement existing repositories. In this study, we introduce HiTE, a fast and accurate dynamic boundary adjustment approach designed to detect full-length TEs. The experimental results demonstrate that HiTE outperforms RepeatModeler2, the state-of-the-art tool, across various species. Furthermore, HiTE has identified numerous novel transposons with well-defined structures containing protein-coding domains, some of which are directly inserted within crucial genes, leading to direct alterations in gene expression. A Nextflow version of HiTE is also available, with enhanced parallelism, reproducibility, and portability.","['D004251', 'D058977', 'D000818', 'D012984', 'D006801', 'D015203', 'D019295', 'D030541', 'D000465', 'D016678']"
38956023,A unified model-based framework for doublet or multiplet detection in single-cell multiomics data.,"Droplet-based single-cell sequencing techniques rely on the fundamental assumption that each droplet encapsulates a single cell, enabling individual cell omics profiling. However, the inevitable issue of multiplets, where two or more cells are encapsulated within a single droplet, can lead to spurious cell type annotations and obscure true biological findings. The issue of multiplets is exacerbated in single-cell multiomics settings, where integrating cross-modality information for clustering can inadvertently promote the aggregation of multiplet clusters and increase the risk of erroneous cell type annotations. Here, we propose a compound Poisson model-based framework for multiplet detection in single-cell multiomics data. Leveraging experimental cell hashing results as the ground truth for multiplet status, we conducted trimodal DOGMA-seq experiments and generated 17 benchmarking datasets from two tissues, involving a total of 280,123 droplets. We demonstrated that the proposed method is an essential tool for integrating cross-modality multiplet signals, effectively eliminating multiplet clusters in single-cell multiomics data-a task at which the benchmarked single-omics methods proved inadequate.","['D059010', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D016000', 'D000465', 'D051379', 'D016012', 'D000095028']"
38955817,Efficacy of cryotherapy in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,"The study investigates cryotherapy's efficacy in mitigating Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), an adverse effect of chemotherapy that often leads to dosage reduction or treatment discontinuation.","['D006801', 'D010523', 'D017679', 'D000970', 'D016032', 'D015994', 'D009369']"
38955760,[Influence of implantable Collamer lens implantation on choroidal thickness and blood flow density].,"Objective: To observe the impact of implantable Collamer lens (ICL) implantation surgery on choroidal thickness and blood flow density in myopic patients. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. Patients undergoing ICL surgery at Qingdao University Affiliated Hospital between June 2021 and May 2023 were consecutively enrolled. Patients were categorized into high myopia (HM) and super high myopia (SHM) groups based on whether their spherical equivalence power exceeded 10.00 D. Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, including optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography angiography, visual acuity assessment, intraocular pressure measurement, and optometry, were performed preoperatively and at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. Results: A total of 42 patients (84 eyes), with an average age of (25.27±3.18) years, comprising 11 males and 31 females, were enrolled in the study. Among them, 20 patients belonged to the HM group, while 22 patients were in the SHM group. Both choroidal thickness and blood flow density exhibited significant increases at postoperative 1 week and 1 month compared to preoperative levels (P<0.05), but returned to baseline levels by postoperative 3 months. Specifically, the subfoveal choroidal thickness increased from (169.49±61.57) μm preoperatively to (180.16±66.61) μm at 1 week, (186.69±63.32) μm at 1 month, and then reverted to (169.58±60.82) μm at 3 months. The central choroidal blood flow density showed changes from 60.03%±1.60% preoperatively to 61.04%±1.17% at 1 week, 60.42%±1.81% at 1 month, and 60.22%±1.57% at 3 months. Furthermore, the HM group exhibited more pronounced changes in both choroidal thickness and blood flow density across all time points compared to the SHM group. Significant differences were observed in choroidal thickness changes at various areas at 1 month, while changes in blood flow density in specific areas were significant. However, no significant differences were noted at 3 months postoperatively. Correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation of changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness and central choroidal blood flow density postoperatively at 1 week and 3 months with preoperative choroidal blood flow density. Notably, no correlation was found between preoperative choroidal thickness and postoperative changes. Conclusions: In the early period following ICL implantation, the increase in choroidal thickness and blood flow density may be more pronounced in HM compared to SHM, but the two parameters can return to baseline levels by 3 months. ICL implantation transiently affects the fundus microenvironment in myopic patients, with implications of preoperative choroidal blood flow.","['D006801', 'D002829', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D011446', 'D000328', 'D009216', 'D019654', 'D054120', 'D055815']"
38955749,[Clinical analysis of adverse reactions in patients with multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis treated with delamanid-containing regimen].,"Objective: To explore the characteristics of adverse drug reactions during the 24-week therapy with delamanid-containing regimen for patients with multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR/RR-PTB). Methods: The prospective multicenter study was conducted from June 2020 to June 2023. A total of 608 eligible patients with MDR/RR-PTB were enrolled in 26 tuberculosis medical institutions in China including 364 males and 79 females, aged 39.6(19.0-68.0) years. Patients were treated with chemotherapy regimens containing delamanid. Patients were closely supervised during treatment of medication, and all adverse reactions occurring during treatment were monitored and recorded. The clinical characteristics of adverse reactions were evaluated by descriptive analysis. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the related factors of QTcF interval prolongation (QT corrected with Fridericia's formula). Results: Of the 608 patients enrolled in this study, 325 patients (53.5%) reported 710 adverse events within 24 weeks of treatment. The top 6 most common complications were hematological abnormalities (143 patients, 23.5%), QT prolongation (114 patients, 18.8%), liver toxicity (85 patients, 14.0%), gastrointestinal reaction (41 patients, 6.7%), peripheral neuropathy (25 patients, 4.1%) and mental disorders (21 patients, 3.5%). The prolongation of QT interval mostly occurred in the 12th week after the first dose of medication. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 21 patients (3.5%). There were 7 patients (1.2%) with mental disorders, including 2 patients (0.3%) with severe mental disorders. Conclusions: The safety of dalamanid-based regimen in the staged treatment of MDR/RR-PTB patients was generally good, and the incidence of adverse reactions was similar to that reported in foreign studies. This study found that the incidence of QT interval prolongation in Chinese patients was higher than that reported overseas, suggesting that the monitoring of electrocardiogram should be strengthened when using drugs containing delamanid that may cause QT interval prolongation.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D018088', 'D000328', 'D011446', 'D012293', 'D008875', 'D010080', 'D000995', 'D014397', 'D009593', 'D000368', 'D002681', 'D055815', 'D064420']"
38955748,"[Safety of umeclidinium/vilanterol in Chinese patients in a real-world setting: a prospective, multicenter, single-arm, observational study].","Objective: To evaluate the safety of umeclidinium/vilanterol in Chinese participants in a real-world setting. Methods: This was a 24-week, prospective, multicenter, single-arm, observational study that enrolled participants treated with umeclidinium/vilanterol in real-world settings from 14 sites in China from 14 December 2020 to 30 January 2022. The primary outcomes were the incidence of adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs) at week 24. Results: A total of 887 participants on umeclidinium/vilanterol were enrolled. The mean (±SD) age of these participants was 67.5 (±9.6) years, with more men (77.7%) enrolled. The majority of the participants (98.1%) had been diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 67.6% of them reported comorbidities. More than half of the participants (52.8%) were taking concomitant medication in addition to the study treatment. AEs were reported in 59 (6.7%) participants and were predominantly mild to moderate in severity. SAEs were reported in 21 (2.4%) participants, including 9 fatal SAEs, 10 reported non-fatal SAEs, and 2 reported both non-fatal and fatal SAEs. None of the SAEs, including the fatal events, were considered by the investigators to be related to umeclidinium/vilanterol. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were reported in 6 (0.7%) participants with 4 preferred terms (PTs), all of which were considered mild in severity. Of these PTs, 2 were known ADRs of umeclidinium/vilanterol. Three participants (0.3%) reported AEs that were part of serious identified/potential hazards, all of which were considered by the investigators to be unrelated to umeclidinium/vilanterol. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that umeclidinium/vilanterol was well tolerated in Chinese participants in a real-world setting and no new drug-related safety signals were observed.","['D006801', 'D001592', 'D011446', 'D002722', 'D011812', 'D000368', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002681', 'D029424', 'D008875', 'D044466', 'D000095225']"
38955743,[Research progress on the impact of public health and social measures on influenza during the COVID-19 pandemic].,"Public health and social measures (PHSMs) are one of the most important measures in the prevention and control of COVID-19 and have also been effective in suppressing the spread of influenza viruses, but their effectiveness has not been fully investigated. This study aimed to review the progress of research on the impact of PHSMs on influenza during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the latest evidence of the effectiveness of various PHSMs in controlling transmission of influenza viruses, to provide scientific evidence for optimizing influenza prevention and control strategies.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D007251', 'D011634', 'D058873']"
38955730,[Modification of allergic dermatitis on the associations between early-life exposure to size-specific particulate matter and childhood allergic rhinitis].,"To evaluate the modification of allergic dermatitis on the association between PM exposure and allergic rhinitis in preschool children. This cross-sectional study was based on a questionnaire conducted between June 2019 and June 2020 to caregivers of children aged 3 to 6 years in the kindergartens of 7 Chinese cities to collect information on allergic rhinitis and allergic dermatitis. A mature machine learning-based space-time extremely randomized trees model was applied to estimate early-life, prenatal, and first-year exposure of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 at 1 km×1 km resolution. A combination of multilevel logistic regression and restricted cubic spline functions was used to quantitatively assess whether allergic dermatitis modifies the associations between size-specific PM exposure and the risk of childhood allergic rhinitis. The results showed that out of 28 408 children, 14 803 (52.1%) were boys and 13 605 (47.9%) were girls; the age of children ranged from 3.1 to 6.8 years, with a mean age of (4.9±0.9) years, of which 3 586 (12.6%) were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis. Among all children, 17 832 (62.8%) were breastfed for more than 6 months and 769 (2.7%) had parental history of atopy. A total of 21 548 children (75.9%) had a mother with an educational level of university or above and 7 338 (29.6%) had passive household cigarette smoke exposure. The adjusted ORs for childhood allergic rhinitis among the children with allergic dermatitis as per interquartile range (IQR) increase in early-life PM1(9.8 μg/m3), PM2.5 (14.9 μg/m3) and PM10 (37.7 μg/m3) were significantly higher than the corresponding ORs among the children without allergic dermatitis [OR: 1.45, 95%CI (1.26, 1.66) vs. 1.33, 95%CI (1.20, 1.47), for PM1; OR: 1.38, 95%CI (1.23, 1.56) vs. 1.32, 95%CI (1.21, 1.45), for PM2.5; OR: 1.56, 95%CI (1.31, 1.86) vs. 1.46, 95%CI (1.28, 1.67), for PM10]. The interactions between allergic dermatitis and size-specific PM exposure on childhood allergic rhinitis were statistically significant (Z value=19.4, all P for interaction<0.001). The similar patterns were observed for both prenatal and first-year size-specific PM exposure and the results of the dose-response relationship were consistent with those of the logistic regression. In conclusion, allergic dermatitis, as an important part of the allergic disease progression, may modify the association between ambient PM exposure and the risk of childhood allergic rhinitis. Children with allergic dermatitis should pay more attention to minimize outdoor air pollutants exposure to prevent the further progression of allergic diseases.","['D006801', 'D052638', 'D002675', 'D065631', 'D005260', 'D003430', 'D003876', 'D002681', 'D008297', 'D004781', 'D002648', 'D000393', 'D010316', 'D000397', 'D012307', 'D016015']"
38956282,A method for calculating vector forces at human-mattress interface during sleeping positions utilizing image registration.,"The vector forces at the human-mattress interface are not only crucial for understanding the distribution of vertical and shear forces exerted on the human body during sleep but also serves as a significant input for biomechanical models of sleeping positions, whose accuracy determines the credibility of predicting musculoskeletal system loads. In this study, we introduce a novel method for calculating the interface vector forces. By recording indentations after supine and lateral positions using a vacuum mattress and 3D scanner, we utilize image registration techniques to align body pressure distribution with the mattress deformation scanning images, thereby calculating the vector force values for each unit area (36.25 mm × 36.25 mm). This method was validated through five participants attendance from two perspectives, revealing that (1) the mean summation of the vertical force components is 98.67% ± 7.21% body weight, exhibiting good consistency, and mean ratio of horizontal component force to body weight is 2.18% ± 1.77%. (2) the predicted muscle activity using the vector forces as input to the sleep position model aligns with the measured muscle activity (%MVC), with correlation coefficient over 0.7. The proposed method contributes to the vector force distribution understanding and the analysis of musculoskeletal loads during sleep, providing valuable insights for mattress design and evaluation.","['D006801', 'D012890', 'D008297', 'D001513', 'D001696', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D011187', 'D055815', 'D021621']"
38954729,"Screening, identification, and characterization of molds for brewing rice wine: Scale-up production in a bioreactor.","Rice wine, well known for its unique flavor, rich nutritional value, and health benefits, has potential for extensive market development. Rhizopus and Aspergillus are among several microorganisms used in rice wine brewing and are crucial for determining rice wine quality. The strains were isolated via Rose Bengal and starch as a combined separation medium, followed by oenological property and sensory evaluation screening. The strain exhibiting the best performance can be screened using the traditional rice wine Qu. The strains YM-8, YM-10, and YM-16, which exhibited strong saccharification and fermentation performance along with good flavor and taste, were obtained from traditional rice wine Qu. Based on ITS genetic sequence analysis, the YM-8, YM-10, and YM-16 strains were identified as Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, and Aspergillus oryzae. The optimum growth temperature of each of the three strains was 30°C, 32°C, and 30°C, and the optimum initial pH was 6.0, 6.5, and 6.5, respectively. The activities of α-amylase, glucoamylase, and protease of YM-16 were highest at 220.23±1.88, 1,269.04±30.32, and 175.16±1.81 U/g, respectively. The amino acid content of rice wine fermented in a 20-L bioreactor with the three mold strains was higher than that of the control group, except for arginine, which was significantly lower than that of the control group. The total amino acid content and the total content of each type of amino acid were ranked as YM-16 > YM-8 > YM-10 > control group, and the amino acid content varied greatly among the strains. The control group had a higher content, whereas YM-8 and YM-16 had lower contents of volatile aroma components than the control group and had the basic flavor substances needed for rice wine, which is conducive to the formation of rice wine aroma. This selected strain, YM-16, has strong saccharification and fermentation ability, is a rich enzyme system, and improves the flavor of rice wine, thereby demonstrating its suitability as a production strain for brewing.","['D014920', 'D012275', 'D019149', 'D005285', 'D012233', 'D013649', 'D001236', 'D006863']"
38954720,Design and evaluation of a pneumatic actuation unit for a wasp-inspired self-propelled needle.,"Transperineal laser ablation is a minimally invasive thermo-ablative treatment for prostate cancer that requires the insertion of a needle for accurate optical fiber positioning. Needle insertion in soft tissues may cause tissue motion and deformation, resulting in tissue damage and needle positioning errors. In this study, we present a wasp-inspired self-propelled needle that uses pneumatic actuation to move forward with zero external push force, thus avoiding large tissue motion and deformation. The needle consists of six parallel 0.25-mm diameter Nitinol rods driven by a pneumatic actuation system. The pneumatic actuation system consists of Magnetic Resonance (MR) safe 3D-printed parts and off-the-shelf plastic screws. A self-propelled motion is achieved by advancing the needle segments one by one, followed by retracting them simultaneously. The advancing needle segment has to overcome a cutting and friction force, while the stationary needle segments experience a friction force in the opposite direction. The needle self-propels through the tissue when the friction force of the five stationary needle segments overcomes the sum of the friction and cutting forces of the advancing needle segment. We evaluated the prototype's performance in 10-wt% gelatin phantoms and ex vivo porcine liver tissue inside a preclinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanner in terms of the slip ratio of the needle with respect to the phantom or liver tissue. Our results demonstrated that the needle was able to self-propel through the phantom and liver tissue with slip ratios of 0.912-0.955 and 0.88, respectively. The prototype is a promising step toward the development of self-propelled needles for MRI-guided transperineal laser ablation as a method to treat prostate cancer.","['D009339', 'D000818', 'D004867', 'D008297', 'D006801', 'D014863', 'D066330', 'D053685', 'D013552', 'D011471', 'D008279']"
38954696,Artificial radionuclides in the plant cover around nuclear fuel cycle facilities.,"This paper presents research on the assessment of the radioecological state of plant cover surrounding two research reactor facilities located within the Semipalatinsk Test Site (STS) as examples of nuclear fuel cycle facilities (NFC). Source data on the concentrations of artificial radionuclides in the plant cover were obtained. Quantitative values for 137Cs, 241Am, and 239+240Pu activity concentrations were determined in plants across the perimeters of the facilities, indicating that these compounds may be present in the associated media from the perspective of accumulative bioindication. The values determined for artificial radionuclides in the 'soil‒plant' system around the researched NFC facilities were attributed to radioactive contamination of the STS territory.","['D011834', 'D011868', 'D010944', 'D012990', 'D002588', 'D009688', 'D055848']"
38954238,Advantages of stereolithographic 3D printing in the fabrication of the Affiblot device for dot-blot assays.,"In stereolithographic (SLA) 3D printing, objects are constructed by exposing layers of photocurable resin to UV light. It is a highly user-friendly fabrication method that opens a possibility for technology sharing through CAD file online libraries. Here, we present a prototyping procedure of a microfluidics-enhanced dot-blot device (Affiblot) designed for simple and inexpensive screening of affinity molecule characteristics (antibodies, oligonucleotides, cell receptors, etc.). The incorporation of microfluidic features makes sample processing user-friendly, less time-consuming, and less laborious, all performed completely on-device, distinguishing it from other dot-blot devices. Initially, the Affiblot device was fabricated using CNC machining, which required significant investment in manual post-processing and resulted in low reproducibility. Utilization of SLA 3D printing reduced the amount of manual post-processing, which significantly streamlined the prototyping process. Moreover, it enabled the fabrication of previously impossible features, including internal fluidic channels. While 3D printing of sub-millimeter microchannels usually requires custom-built printers, we were able to fabricate microfluidic features on a readily available commercial printer. Open microchannels in the size range 200-300 μm could be fabricated with reliable repeatability and sealed with a replaceable foil. Economic aspects of device fabrication are also discussed.","['D066330', 'D000076227', 'D046210', 'D006801', 'D056656']"
38954141,Microchanneling and ultrasonic delivery of gold and platinum nanoparticles for selective photothermolysis of sebaceous follicles in the treatment of acne: a pilot study using porcine skin.,Several treatment options for acne vulgaris are limited by their associated adverse effects. An innovative approach involves introducing light-absorbing nanoparticles into sebaceous follicles before destroying the follicles using selective photothermolysis. We aimed to investigate efficient methods for introducing gold and platinum nanoparticles into sebaceous follicles and to identify suitable laser equipment and parameters for the effective destruction of these follicles.,"['D000818', 'D006046', 'D013552', 'D010984', 'D010865', 'D053768', 'D000152', 'D053844', 'D012867', 'D012627']"
38954134,Early elastic and viscoelastic corneal biomechanical changes after photorefractive keratectomy and small incision lenticule extraction.,To compare early changes in the corneal biomechanical parameters after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and their correlations with corneal shape parameters.,"['D006801', 'D018903', 'D009216', 'D003315', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D004548', 'D001696', 'D055815', 'D054018', 'D007429', 'D048988', 'D012029', 'D019781', 'D003319', 'D011184', 'D014792', 'D011446', 'D005500']"
38954050,Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) laser treatment in ophthalmology: a review of the most common procedures Capsulotomy and Iridotomy.,"Nowadays, lasers are used in various medical fields. Ophthalmology was the first medical specialty to utilize lasers in patient treatment and still remains the leading medical field that uses laser energy for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. The neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd: YAG) laser is one of the most common lasers used in ophthalmology. It is a solid-state laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm that works on the principle of photodisruption. Since its introduction in ophthalmology over 40 years ago, it has found various applications, mainly for procedures where cutting or disruption of ocular tissue is required. Compared to surgical alternatives, the use of Nd: YAG lasers on ocular tissue is minimally invasive. In this review, we focus on the two most common ophthalmic applications of Nd: YAG laser - laser peripheral iridotomy and posterior capsulotomy. The history of the techniques, current trends, potential complications, and the prognosis for future use is discussed.","['D006801', 'D053844', 'D053685', 'D064727', 'D032801', 'D009885', 'D007498']"
38953811,COVID-19 and the Medical Devices in India: Trade for a Resilient Health System.,The medical devices industry plays a critical role in public health and requires attention in research and policy. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed a lack of resilience in areas of drugs and vaccines but also in medical products.,"['D000086382', 'D007194', 'D006801', 'D004864', 'D003132', 'D000086402', 'D058873']"
38953481,Effect of Different Adhesive Resin and Composite Veneering Materials on Adhesion to Polyetheretherketone.,To evaluate the effect of different adhesives and veneering resins on the shear bond strength (SBS) of polyetheretherketone (PEEK).,"['D001577', 'D011092', 'D007659', 'D003188', 'D011108', 'D003801', 'D033081', 'D008422', 'D001840', 'D006801', 'D019279', 'D003799', 'D017438']"
38953479,"Effect of Dental Implant System-Assisted Tooth Intentional Replantation in the Treatment of Anterior Teeth with Pathological Tooth Flaring, Drifting and Elongation in Patients with Stage III/IV Periodontitis: a Case Series.","To investigate the clinical effect of implant-assisted dental intentional replantation (IR) for the treatment of ""drifted"" anterior periodontally hopeless teeth (PHT).","['D006801', 'D014090', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D010518', 'D015921', 'D012390', 'D020390', 'D008437', 'D016896', 'D007180']"
38953258,[Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion Combined With 4-Screw Fixation for Treating Two-Level Degenerative Lumbar Diseases:A Finite Element Study].,"Objective To demonstrate the feasibility of oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) combined with 4-screw fixation for treating two-level lumbar degenerative diseases.Methods An intact finite element model of L3-S1 (M0) was constructed and validated.Then,we constructed the M1 model by simulating OLIF surgery at L3/4 and L4/5 segments on the M0 model.By attachment of posterior 4-screw or 6-screw fixation to the M1 model,three 4-screw fixation models (M2-M4) and one 6-screw fixation model (M5) were established.The segmental and overall range of motion (ROM) and the peak von Mises stresses of superior endplate,cage,and posterior screw-rod were investigated under each implanted condition.Results Under the motion modes of forward flexion,backward extension,bilateral (left and right) flexion,and left and right rotation,the L3/4 ROM of M2 model and L4/5 ROM of M3 model increased,while the L3/4 and L4/5 ROM of M4 and M5 models significantly decreased compared with those of M1 model.Under all motion modes,the L4 superior endplate in M2 model and the L5 superior endplate in M3 model showed the maximum peak von Mises stress,and the peak von Mises stresses of L4 and L5 superior endplates in M4 and M5 models were close.The L3/4 cage in M2 model and the L4/5 cage in M3 model showcased the largest peak von Mises stress,and the peak von Mises stresses of cages in M4 and M5 models were close.The peak stresses of internal fixation in M2-M5 models were close.Conclusion Four-screw fixation can replace 6-screw fixation in the OLIF surgery for treating two-level degenerative lumbar diseases.","['D013123', 'D006801', 'D020342', 'D008159', 'D001863']"
38953133,A retrospective analysis of surgical outcome in sutureless glueless scleral fixation of foldable intraocular lens.,"Cataract surgery constitutes one of the highest volume surgeries performed worldwide approximating 10 million annually, varying from 100 to 6000 per million population. Implantation of scleral fixated intra-ocular lens (SFIOL) is getting popular in managing difficult situations like aphakia, subluxated lens, and dislocated cataracts.","['D006801', 'D012189', 'D012590', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D019654', 'D007910', 'D000328', 'D014792', 'D000368', 'D000071062', 'D005500', 'D016896', 'D011474', 'D000293', 'D055815', 'D002648', 'D013536']"
38952737,"Systematic review and meta-analysis on prevalence, pattern, and factors associated with ocular protection practices among welders in sub-Saharan Africa.","Due to hazardous working conditions, welders are more likely to be exposed to mild to severe eye issues during the welding process. Globally, this issue is a major contributor to vision loss and blindness. One of the most frequent causes of unilateral blindness in the globe is ocular injury.","['D006801', 'D017954', 'D015995', 'D005131', 'D014896', 'D005135']"
38952299,Carbon Nanotubes as Controllable Electric-Field-Induced Bipolar Electrodes for Efficient Water Purification.,"Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are the most efficient water cleaning technologies, but their applications face critical challenges in terms of mass/electron transfer limitations and catalyst loss/deactivation. Bipolar electrochemistry (BPE) is a wireless technique that is promising for energy and environmental applications. However, the synergy between AOPs and BPE has not been explored. In this study, by combining BPE with AOPs, we develop a general approach of using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as electric-field-induced bipolar electrodes to control electron transfer for efficient water purification. This approach can be used for permanganate and peroxide activation, with superior performances in the degradation of refractory organic pollutants and excellent durability in recycling and scale-up experiments. Theoretical calculations, in situ measurements, and physical experiments showed that an electric field could substantially reduce the energy barrier of electron transfer over CNTs and induce them to produce bipolar electrodes via electrochemical polarization or to form monopolar electrodes through a single particle collision effect with feeding electrodes. This approach can continuously provide activated electrons from one pole of bipolar electrodes and simultaneously achieve ""self-cleaning"" of catalysts through CNT-mediated direct oxidation from another pole of bipolar electrodes. This study provides a fundamental scientific understanding of BPE, expands its scope in the environmental field, and offers a general methodology for water purification.","['D037742', 'D004566', 'D018508', 'D010084', 'D002384']"
38951886,Indirect comparisons of traction table versus standard table in total hip arthroplasty through direct anterior approach: a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis.,It remains unclear whether the use of an orthopaedic traction table (TT) in direct anterior approach (DAA) total hip arthroplasty (THA) results in better outcomes. The aim of this systematic review and network meta-analysis was to compare the THA outcomes through DAA on a standard operating table and the THA outcomes through DAA on a TT.,"['D006801', 'D019644', 'D000071076', 'D014143', 'D016896', 'D016063', 'D058638', 'D016032', 'D011183']"
38951850,Finite element analysis of mechanical stress in a cementless tapered-wedge short stem in the varus position.,"In recent years, the use of tapered-wedge short stems has increased due to their ability to preserve bones and tendons. Surgical techniques occasionally result in a varus position of the stem, which is particularly pronounced in short stems. Although the varus position is not clinically problematic, there are reports of an increased incidence of stress shielding and cortical hypertrophy. Thus, we evaluated and examined the acceptable range of varus angles using finite element analysis.","['D006801', 'D020342', 'D013314', 'D006622', 'D019644', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D011474', 'D000368', 'D015207', 'D008875']"
38951580,Reduction in lower urinary tract mucosal microtrauma as an effect of reducing eyelet sizes of intermittent urinary catheters.,"Intermittent catheterization (IC) utilizing conventional eyelets catheters (CECs) for bladder drainage has long been the standard of care. However, when the tissue of the lower urinary tract comes in close proximity to the eyelets, mucosal suction often occurs, resulting in microtrauma. This study investigates the impact of replacing conventional eyelets with a drainage zone featuring multiple micro-holes, distributing pressure over a larger area. Lower pressures limit the suction of surrounding tissue into these micro-holes, significantly reducing tissue microtrauma. Using an ex vivo model replicating the intra-abdominal pressure conditions of the bladder, the intra-catheter pressure was measured during drainage. When mucosal suction occurred, intra-catheter images were recorded. Subsequently affected tissue samples were investigated histologically. The negative pressure peaks caused by mucosal suction were found to be very high for the CECs, leading to exfoliation of the bladder urothelium and breakage of the urothelial barrier. However, a micro-hole zone catheter (MHZC) with a multi-eyelet drainage zone showed significantly lower pressure peaks, with over 4 times lower peak intensity, thus inducing far less extensive microtraumas. Limiting or even eliminating mucosal suction and resulting tissue microtrauma may contribute to safer catheterizations in vivo and increased patient comfort and compliance.","['D062885', 'D001743', 'D000818', 'D006801', 'D011312', 'D009092', 'D013552', 'D014551', 'D057928', 'D013396', 'D019459', 'D014546']"
38951556,Improved tactile speech perception and noise robustness using audio-to-tactile sensory substitution with amplitude envelope expansion.,"Recent advances in haptic technology could allow haptic hearing aids, which convert audio to tactile stimulation, to become viable for supporting people with hearing loss. A tactile vocoder strategy for audio-to-tactile conversion, which exploits these advances, has recently shown significant promise. In this strategy, the amplitude envelope is extracted from several audio frequency bands and used to modulate the amplitude of a set of vibro-tactile tones. The vocoder strategy allows good consonant discrimination, but vowel discrimination is poor and the strategy is susceptible to background noise. In the current study, we assessed whether multi-band amplitude envelope expansion can effectively enhance critical vowel features, such as formants, and improve speech extraction from noise. In 32 participants with normal touch perception, tactile-only phoneme discrimination with and without envelope expansion was assessed both in quiet and in background noise. Envelope expansion improved performance in quiet by 10.3% for vowels and by 5.9% for consonants. In noise, envelope expansion improved overall phoneme discrimination by 9.6%, with no difference in benefit between consonants and vowels. The tactile vocoder with envelope expansion can be deployed in real-time on a compact device and could substantially improve clinical outcomes for a new generation of haptic hearing aids.","['D006801', 'D013067', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D009622', 'D006310', 'D055815', 'D014110', 'D000161', 'D055698', 'D034381']"
38951525,Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation (LIPUS) modulates microglial activation following intracortical microelectrode implantation.,"Microglia are important players in surveillance and repair of the brain. Implanting an electrode into the cortex activates microglia, produces an inflammatory cascade, triggers the foreign body response, and opens the blood-brain barrier. These changes can impede intracortical brain-computer interfaces performance. Using two-photon imaging of implanted microelectrodes, we test the hypothesis that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation can reduce microglia-mediated neuroinflammation following the implantation of microelectrodes. In the first week of treatment, we found that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation increased microglia migration speed by 128%, enhanced microglia expansion area by 109%, and a reduction in microglial activation by 17%, indicating improved tissue healing and surveillance. Microglial coverage of the microelectrode was reduced by 50% and astrocytic scarring by 36% resulting in an increase in recording performance at chronic time. The data indicate that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation helps reduce the foreign body response around chronic intracortical microelectrodes.","['D017628', 'D000818', 'D008839', 'D004567', 'D000069453', 'D008297', 'D005549', 'D051379', 'D002540', 'D062207', 'D002465', 'D051381']"
38951344,A Microsphere Immunoassay for the Quantitative Detection of Antigens in Cell Culture Supernatant.,"Quantitative immunoassays, such as the traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), are used to determine concentrations of an antigen in a matrix of unknown antigen concentration. Magnetic immunoassays, such as the Luminex xMAP technology, allow for the simultaneous detection of multiple analytes and offer heightened sensitivity, specificity, low sample volume requirements, and high-throughput capabilities. Here, we describe a quantitative immunoassay using the Luminex MAGPIX® System to determine the antigen concentration from liquid samples with unknown concentrations. In detail, we describe a newly developed assay for determining production yields of Drosophila S2-produced Marburg virus (MARV) glycoprotein in insect-cell-culture-derived supernatant. The potential applications of this assay could extend to the quantification of viral antigens in fluids derived from both in vitro and in vivo models infected with live MARV, thereby providing additional applications for virological research.","['D000818', 'D008863', 'D007118', 'D000956', 'D029024', 'D004330', 'D018929', 'D002460', 'D004797']"
38951326,Optimized Workflow from Gene to Product.,"This chapter outlines the workflow using the ExpiSf™ Expression System designed for high-density infection of suspension ExpiSf9™ cells. The system utilizes a chemically defined, serum-free, protein-free, and animal origin free medium, making it suitable for recombinant protein expression experiments. The ExpiSf™ chemically defined medium allows efficient transfection and baculovirus production directly within the same culture medium. The ExpiSf™ Expression System Starter Kit provides all necessary components, including cells, culture medium, and reagents needed to infect one (1) liter of cell culture. The system's versatility and animal origin free nature make it a valuable tool for various protein expression studies and biotechnological applications.","['D000818', 'D057188', 'D011994', 'D016367', 'D014162', 'D003470', 'D018929', 'D002460', 'D015870']"
38951313,Biocompatible Janus microparticle synthesis in a microfluidic device.,"Janus particles are popular in recent years due to their anisotropic physical and chemical properties. Even though there are several established synthesis methods for Janus particles, microfluidics-based methods are convenient and reliable due to low reagent consumption, monodispersity of the resultant particles and efficient control over reaction conditions. In this work a simple droplet-based microfluidic technique is utilized to synthesize magnetically anisotropic TiO2-Fe2O3 Janus microparticles. Two droplets containing reagents for Janus particle were merged by using an asymmetric device such that the resulting droplet contained the constituents within its two hemispheres distinct from each other. The synthesized Janus particles were observed under the optical microscope and the scanning electron microscope. Moreover, a detailed in vitro characterization of these particles was completed, and it was shown that these particles have a potential use for biomedical applications.","['D056656', 'D014025', 'D001672', 'D005290', 'D004867', 'D010316']"
38951263,One-pot electrochemical detection of foodborne pathogen based on in situ nucleic acid amplification and wash-free assay.,"A signal amplification electrochemical biosensor chip was developed to integrate loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) based on in situ nucleic acid amplification and methyl blue (MB) serving as the hybridization redox indicator for sensitive and selective foodborne pathogen detection without a washing step. The electrochemical biosensor chip was designed by a screen-printed carbon electrode modified with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and covered with polydimethylsiloxane membrane to form a microcell. The primers of the target were immobilized on the Au NPs by covalent attachment for in situ amplification. The electroactive MB was used as the electrochemical signal reporter and embedded into the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) amplicons generated by LAMP. Differential pulse voltammetry was introduced to survey the dsDNA hybridization with MB, which differentiates the specifically electrode-unbound and -bound labels without a washing step. Pyrene as the back-filling agent can further improve response signaling by reducing non-specific adsorption. This method is operationally simple, specific, and effective. The biosensor showed a detection linear range of 102-107 CFU mL-1 with the limit of detection of 17.7 CFU mL-1 within 40 min. This method showed promise for on-site testing of foodborne pathogens and could be integrated into an all-in-one device.","['D021141', 'D055664', 'D015374', 'D006046', 'D053768', 'D005516', 'D057230', 'D004566', 'D004269', 'D009693']"
38951163,"The effect of elimination of gibbs ringing, noise and systematic errors on the DTI metrics and tractography in a rat brain.","Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics and tractography can be biased due to low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and systematic errors resulting from image artifacts and imperfections in magnetic field gradients. The imperfections include non-uniformity and nonlinearity, effects caused by eddy currents, and the influence of background and imaging gradients. We investigated the impact of systematic errors on DTI metrics of an isotropic phantom and DTI metrics and tractography of a rat brain measured at high resolution. We tested denoising and Gibbs ringing removal methods combined with the B matrix spatial distribution (BSD) method for magnetic field gradient calibration. The results showed that the performance of the BSD method depends on whether Gibbs ringing is removed and the effectiveness of stochastic error removal. Region of interest (ROI)-based analysis of the DTI metrics showed that, depending on the size of the ROI and its location in space, correction methods can remove systematic bias to varying degrees. The preprocessing pipeline proposed and dedicated to this type of data together with the BSD method resulted in an even - 90% decrease in fractional anisotropy (FA) (globally and locally) in the isotropic phantom and - 45% in the rat brain. The largest global changes in the rat brain tractogram compared to the standard method without preprocessing (sDTI) were noticed after denoising. The direction of the first eigenvector obtained from DTI after denoising, Gibbs ringing removal and BSD differed by an average of 56 and 10 degrees in the ROI from sDTI and from sDTI after denoising and Gibbs ringing removal, respectively. The latter can be identified with the amount of improvement in tractography due to the elimination of systematic errors related to imperfect magnetic field gradients. Based on the results, the systematic bias for high resolution data mainly depended on SNR, but the influence of non-uniform gradients could also be seen. After denoising, the BSD method was able to further correct both the metrics and tractography of the diffusion tensor in the rat brain by taking into account the actual distribution of magnetic field gradients independent of the examined object and uniquely dependent on the scanner and sequence. This means that in vivo studies are also subject to this type of errors, which should be taken into account when processing such data.","['D000818', 'D056324', 'D051381', 'D001921', 'D059629', 'D019047', 'D016477', 'D007091', 'D016880', 'D008297']"
38951161,Development of graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots-based oxygen self-sufficient platforms for enhanced corneal crosslinking.,"Keratoconus, a disorder characterized by corneal thinning and weakening, results in vision loss. Corneal crosslinking (CXL) can halt the progression of keratoconus. The development of accelerated corneal crosslinking (A-CXL) protocols to shorten the treatment time has been hampered by the rapid depletion of stromal oxygen when higher UVA intensities are used, resulting in a reduced cross-linking effect. It is therefore imperative to develop better methods to increase the oxygen concentration within the corneal stroma during the A-CXL process. Photocatalytic oxygen-generating nanomaterials are promising candidates to solve the hypoxia problem during A-CXL. Biocompatible graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) quantum dots (QDs)-based oxygen self-sufficient platforms including g-C3N4 QDs and riboflavin/g-C3N4 QDs composites (RF@g-C3N4 QDs) have been developed in this study. Both display excellent photocatalytic oxygen generation ability, high reactive oxygen species (ROS) yield, and excellent biosafety. More importantly, the A-CXL effect of the g-C3N4 QDs or RF@g-C3N4 QDs composite on male New Zealand white rabbits is better than that of the riboflavin 5'-phosphate sodium (RF) A-CXL protocol under the same conditions, indicating excellent strengthening of the cornea after A-CXL treatments. These lead us to suggest the potential application of g-C3N4 QDs in A-CXL for corneal ectasias and other corneal diseases.","['D045663', 'D000818', 'D006108', 'D010100', 'D012256', 'D011817', 'D008297', 'D003432', 'D017672', 'D017382', 'D007640', 'D014466', 'D003315', 'D006801', 'D017319', 'D003319']"
38950991,SPEctacle Correction for the TReatment of Amblyopia (SPECTRA): study protocol for a prospective non-randomised interventional trial in adults with anisometropic/mixed mechanism amblyopia.,"Amblyopia is a neurodevelopmental vision disorder typically affecting one eye, resulting in compromised binocular function. While evidence-based treatments exist for children, there are no widely accepted treatments for adults. This trial aims to assess the efficacy of appropriate optical treatment in improving vision and visual functions in adults with amblyopia. This is hypothesised to significantly improve visual acuity of the amblyopic eye and other visual functions.","['D006801', 'D000550', 'D005139', 'D014792', 'D011446', 'D000328', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D016896', 'D065228', 'D015348']"
38950222,In vivo biological safety investigation of Yb-CALGO femtosecond laser dental surgery.,"While lasers have found their successful applications in various clinical specialties, in clinical dental practice, traditional mechanical drills are still predominantly utilized. Although erbium-doped lasers have been demonstrated for dental therapy, their clinical performance is still not satisfactory due to the long pulse width, low peak power, and small repetition rate. To attain a smaller thermal diffusion thus better biological safety and surgical precision, as well as more rapid ablation, the advancement of femtosecond laser techniques has opened another route of dental surgery; however, no biological safety investigation has been reported. Here, we present a systematic study of dental ablation by a Yb:CaAlGdO4 regenerative amplifier with a central wavelength of 1040 nm and pulse width of 160 fs. The in vivo experiment of dental surgery investigating the inflammatory response has been reported, for the first time to the best of our knowledge. It is demonstrated that dental surgery by Yb:CaAlGdO4 femtosecond laser ablation has better biological safety compared to the turbine drilling, thanks to its non-contact and ultrafast heat dissipation nature.","['D053685', 'D000818', 'D015018', 'D053844']"
38950056,The association between ABO blood types and peripherally inserted central catheter-related venous thrombosis for patients with cancer: A retrospective 7-year single-center experience and meta-analysis.,This meta-analysis evaluated the association of ABO blood type on central venous catheter-related thrombosis (CRT).,"['D006801', 'D000017', 'D009369', 'D020246', 'D012189', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D012307', 'D008875', 'D002406', 'D062905', 'D002405', 'D000328', 'D000368']"
38950036,In vitro experimental conditions and tools can influence the safety and biocompatibility results of antimicrobial electrospun biomaterials for wound healing.,"Electrospun (ES) fibrous nanomaterials have been widely investigated as novel biomaterials. These biomaterials have to be safe and biocompatible; hence, they need to be tested for cytotoxicity before being administered to patients. The aim of this study was to develop a suitable and biorelevant in vitro cytotoxicity assay for ES biomaterials (e.g. wound dressings). We compared different in vitro cytotoxicity assays, and our model wound dressing was made from polycaprolactone and polyethylene oxide and contained chloramphenicol as the active pharmaceutical ingredient. Baby Hamster Kidney cells (BHK-21), human primary fibroblasts and MTS assays together with real-time cell analysis were selected. The extract exposure and direct contact safety evaluation setups were tested together with microscopic techniques. We found that while extract exposure assays are suitable for the initial testing, the biocompatibility of the biomaterial is revealed in in vitro direct contact assays where cell interactions with the ES wound dressing are evaluated. We observed significant differences in the experimental outcome, caused by the experimental set up modification such as cell line choice, cell medium and controls used, conducting the phosphate buffer washing step or not. A more detailed technical protocol for the in vitro cytotoxicity assessment of ES wound dressings was developed.","['D000818', 'D014945', 'D001672', 'D006801', 'D001458', 'D002460', 'D008422', 'D006224', 'D011091', 'D005347', 'D000890', 'D011092', 'D002701']"
38949983,Splinting of Low-Risk Pediatric Fractures.,"This review covers common orthopedic injuries seen after acute traumatic injury. A thorough physical examination and radiographic review of these injuries are key to ensuring appropriate management. Although many injuries may require urgent or emergent orthopedic consultation and management, this review focuses on injuries that are low-risk and amenable to splinting with outpatient orthopedic follow-up. This review covers key physical examination features, radiographic findings that help providers assess injuries, as well as reviewing splinting application to help facilitate rapid management of these injuries in the acute care setting.","['D006801', 'D013165', 'D002648', 'D050723', 'D010808', 'D011859']"
38949907,"""I Don't Believe That One"": A Qualitative Study of Undetectable = Untransmittable Views Among Older Adults Living With HIV in South Carolina.","Undetectable = Untransmittable (U = U) means that people with HIV who achieve and maintain an undetectable viral load have effectively zero risk of sexually transmitting the virus to others. However, research on how U = U is perceived by older adults living with HIV (OAH) is currently lacking. This study explored U = U views among OAH. From October 2019 to February 2020, we conducted open-ended interviews with 24 OAH recruited at an HIV clinic in South Carolina. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. We employed thematic analysis in this study. Three themes emerged from the analysis: (a) Conflicting beliefs in U = U; (b) Use condoms regardless; and (c) Fear of HIV reinfection. Despite strong scientific evidence supporting U = U, some OAH do not believe in U = U. This lack of belief could deprive OAH of the benefits U = U offers. Therefore, it is vital to educate OAH about U = U to enhance their understanding and belief in U = U.","['D006801', 'D013022', 'D015658', 'D036301', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D007722', 'D019562', 'D017280', 'D007407', 'D012725']"
38949827,Association between tunneled catheter placement and catheter-associated deep venous thrombosis in adults with inflammatory bowel disease receiving home parenteral nutrition: A retrospective cohort study.,Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of thrombosis. They often need parenteral nutrition (PN) requiring intravenous access for prolonged periods. We assessed the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) associated with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) and tunneled catheters for patients with IBD receiving home PN (HPN).,"['D006801', 'D012189', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D020246', 'D015212', 'D000328', 'D016331', 'D008875', 'D002405', 'D012307', 'D002406', 'D062905', 'D016016', 'D015331', 'D012042', 'D000368']"
38949774,Transcatheter Axial Pump Use in Pediatric Patients on Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: An ACTION Collaborative Experience.,"We report the largest pediatric multicenter experience with Impella pump use and peripheral veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) support. Utilizing the Advanced Cardiac Therapies Improving Outcomes Network (ACTION) collaborative database, we conducted a retrospective, multicenter study of all patients with cardiogenic shock requiring VA-ECMO support with subsequent Impella implant between October 2014 and December 2021. The primary outcome was defined as death while on Impella support. Secondary outcomes were recovery, transplantation, and transition to durable ventricular assist device (VAD) at the time of Impella explantation. Adverse events were defined according to the ACTION registry criteria. Twenty subjects were supported with Impella; Impella 2.5 (n = 3), CP (n = 12), 5.0/5.5 (n = 5). The median Interquartile range (IQR) age, weight, and body surface area at implantation were 15.6 years (IQR = 13.9-17.2), 65.7 kg (IQR = 53.1-80.7), and 1.74 m2 (IQR = 1.58-1.98). Primary cardiac diagnoses were dilated cardiomyopathy/myocarditis in nine (45%), congenital heart disease in four (20%), graft failure/rejection in four (20%), and three (15%) others. Most common adverse events included hemolysis (50%) and bleeding (20%). There were two deaths (10%) in the cohort. Nine patients (45%) were explanted for recovery, eight (40%) were transitioned to a durable VAD, and one (5%) underwent heart transplantation. Impella percutaneous pump support should be considered in the older pediatric population supported with peripheral VA-ECMO, as a means of left heart decompression, and a strategy to come off ECMO to achieve endpoints of myocardial recovery, transition to a durable VAD, or transplantation.","['D006801', 'D015199', 'D006353', 'D012189', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000293', 'D012770', 'D002648', 'D002675', 'D016896']"
38949771,Direct Apical Cannulation With Protek Duo Rapid Deployment Cannula via Mini Thoracotomy for Ambulatory Venoarterial-Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.,"National trends show rapid increases in the use of mechanical circulatory support devices (MCSD) over the last 20 years. While current literature has not proven a mortality benefit in cardiogenic shock as a complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI-CS) with percutaneous MCSD, these devices are vital to maximizing cardiopulmonary parameters for definitive therapy. To minimize complications, many different techniques have been described including a novel off-pump direct apical cannulation for venoarterial-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). This technique allows early ambulation and avoids peripheral artery access complications but has only been described in small case series. Our case series represents the largest summary of patients (50) using this technique and contains the only comparison data to date. Fifty-four percentage of our patients were Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) stage D and 22% were arrested before cannulation. We achieved flows on average >5 L/min and most patients required biventricular drainage (86%) and an oxygenator (92%). Thirty day survival was 56% and most survivors were bridged to heart transplant (30%). Our most common complication was bleeding (16%). This technique showed significant improvement in ejection fraction (EF), cardiac output/index (CO/CI), and pulmonary artery pressures. This case series demonstrates the safety and efficacy of this novel technique for central cannulation in cardiogenic shock at large scale within a single institution.","['D006801', 'D015199', 'D008875', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012770', 'D000072601', 'D000368', 'D013908', 'D002404', 'D000328', 'D009203', 'D006353']"
38949705,Monitoring Live Mycobacteria in Real-Time Using a Microfluidic Acoustic-Raman Platform.,"Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common cause of death from an infectious disease. Although treatment has been available for more than 70 years, it still takes too long and many patients default risking relapse and the emergence of resistance. It is known that lipid-rich, phenotypically antibiotic-tolerant, bacteria are more resistant to antibiotics and may be responsible for relapse necessitating extended therapy. Using a microfluidic system that acoustically traps live mycobacteria, M. smegmatis, a model organism for M. tuberculosis we can perform optical analysis in the form of wavelength-modulated Raman spectroscopy (WMRS) on the trapped organisms. This system can allow observations of the mycobacteria for up to 8 h. By adding antibiotics, it is possible to study the effect of antibiotics in real-time by comparing the Raman fingerprints in comparison to the unstressed condition. This microfluidic platform may be used to study any microorganism and to dynamically monitor its response to many conditions including antibiotic stress, and changes in the growth media. This opens the possibility of understanding better the stimuli that trigger the lipid-rich downregulated and phenotypically antibiotic-resistant cell state.","['D013059', 'D020102', 'D044085', 'D000900', 'D000162', 'D056656', 'D046210', 'D006801']"
38949701,Using Hollow Fiber to Model Treatment of Antimicrobial-Resistant Organisms.,"The use of animal models is still widespread in science but there is a movement away from this manner of experimentation. One option approved by the FDA for human-like studies is the hollow fiber bioreactor (HFS). HFSs are highly controllable, self-contained systems that allow for the modeling of individual tissues and disease phenotypes. Oxygen, drug concentration & half-life, and immune cell invasion are all scalable to human and veterinary conditions using a HFS. There are drawbacks to the systems including cost and contamination so the use of these systems must be carefully managed.With these limitations in mind, the scope of the technology is great. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is possible with greater accuracy and clinical validity than classical in vitro techniques making minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) data generated on the bench more translatable to the clinic.In this chapter, we will outline the background of the HFS and some typical uses.","['D006801', 'D008826', 'D019149', 'D000818', 'D000900', 'D024881']"
38949689,Electrospun fibrillary scaffold for electrochemical cell biomarkers detection.,"A novel scaffold for in situ electrochemical detection of cell biomarkers was developed using electrospun nanofibers and commercial adhesive polymeric membranes. The electrochemical sensing of cell biomarkers requires the cultivation of the cells on/near the (bio)sensor surface in a manner to preserve an appropriate electroactive available surface and to avoid the surface passivation and sensor damage. This can be achieved by employing biocompatible nanofiber meshes that allow the cells to have a normal behavior and do not alter the electrochemical detection. For a better mechanical stability and ease of handling, nylon 6/6 nanofibers were collected on commercial polymeric membranes, at an optimal fiber density, obtaining a double-layered platform. To demonstrate the functionality of the fabricated scaffold, the screening of cellular stress has been achieved integrating melanoma B16-F10 cells and the (bio)sensor components on the transducer whereas the melanin exocytosis was successfully quantified using a commercial electrode. Either directly on the surface of the (bio)sensor or spatially detached from it, the integration of cell cultures in biosensing platforms based on electrospun nanofibers represents a powerful bioanalytical tool able to provide real-time information about the biomarker release, enzyme activity or inhibition, and monitoring of various cellular events.","['D057139', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D055664', 'D015374', 'D045744', 'D008543', 'D015415', 'D054457', 'D005089', 'D008546']"
38949665,Robotic-assisted total hip arthroplasty utilizing a fluoroscopy-guided system produced similar cup accuracy and precision relative to a computerized tomography-based robotic platform.,"Robotic assistance for total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been demonstrated to improve accuracy of acetabular cup placement relative to manual, unassisted technique. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the accuracy and precision between a fluoroscopy-based robotic total hip arthroplasty platform (FL-RTHA) and a computerized tomography-based (CT-RTHA) platform. The study included 98 consecutive FL-RTHA and 159 CT-RTHA procedures performed via direct anterior approach (DAA). All cases were performed for a pre-operative diagnosis of osteoarthritis, avascular necrosis, or rheumatoid arthritis. Primary outcome variables included cup implantation accuracy and precision (variance). Implantation accuracy was calculated as the absolute value of the difference between pre-operative target cup angles (inclination and anteversion) and the same post-operative angles. Percentage placement in the Lewinnek safe zone was also measured for both cohorts. The FL-RTHA and CT-RTHA cohorts demonstrated a 1.2° difference in absolute values for cup inclination accuracy (4.6° ± 3.6 vs. 3.4 ± 2.7; p = 0.005), and no difference in absolute values for cup anteversion accuracy (4.7° ± 4.1 vs. 4.6 ± 3.4; p = 0.991). Cohorts demonstrated similar precision for cup inclination and anteversion placement parameters, as well as equivalent Lewinnek safe zone placement. The use of a fluoroscopy-based robotic assistance platform for primary DAA THA resulted in similar accuracy and precision of acetabular cup placement when compared to a CT-based robotic assistance system.","['D006801', 'D019644', 'D065287', 'D005471', 'D014057', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D006622', 'D000077', 'D025321']"
38949147,Selection of candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy and implantation management: an Italian survey promoted by the Italian Association of Arrhythmology and Cardiac Pacing.,"Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) represents an effective heart failure treatment, associated with reduction in mortality and heart failure hospitalizations. This Italian survey aimed to address relevant CRT issues.","['D006801', 'D058406', 'D007558', 'D006333', 'D018579', 'D019538', 'D058409', 'D010818', 'D004562', 'D061847', 'D016896', 'D011795']"
38948997,Isolated left ventricular non-compaction: Clinical characterisation of a teenage male.,"Isolated Left Ventricular Non-compaction (LVNC) is a type of cardiomyopathy that usually has a genetic origin. Its diagnosis is based on finding such as deep intertrabecular recesses or sinusoids and ventricular trabeculations communicating with the left ventricular cavity. LVNC was first clinically recognised almost four decades ago, yet its diagnostic and management challenges persist. In this report, we present the case of an 18-year-old boy, who presented at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, in March 2023, with complaints of dizziness, pedal oedema, and shortness of breath. Echocardiography revealed signs suggestive of LVNC, which were confirmed conclusively on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) (NC/C ratio>2.4). The patient underwent implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) placement, was discharged after a smooth post-procedure recovery, and is doing well on follow-ups. Hence, ICD and guideline-directed medical therapy as a combination have turned out to have satisfactory outcomes in decreasing morbidity and providing mortality benefits for such patients.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000293', 'D017147', 'D056830', 'D004452', 'D004417', 'D004244']"
38948996,Management of chronic exogenous rhinolith with gingivonasal fistula: A case report.,"Recurrent rhinorrhoea that occurs chronically, needs to consider the possibility of a fistula in the nasal cavity, which has the potential to form a rhinolith. We report the case of a 39-year-old man with complaints of recurrent rhinorrhoea since four years ago, accompanied by thick secretions, symptoms of post-nasal drips, and olfactory disturbances. The patient had a history of removing the left upper molar (molar I), which causes a fistula in the tooth extraction site, making it more likely for food and drink to enter the left nasal cavity. Anterior rhinoscopy examination revealed a white mass in the left inferior meatus and a purulent odour discharge. In addition, there were gingival defects of the first molar teeth, multi-sinusitis, and nasal septum deviation. Rinolith extraction was performed using functional endoscopic sinus surgery, submucosal resection, and repair of gingivo-nasal defects with rotational flaps. Follow-up for one week showed that the flap was in place and there were no complications.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D000086722', 'D009668', 'D002908', 'D014081', 'D004724', 'D016155', 'D013524']"
38946883,Mesoporous Silicon with Strontium-Powered Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic acid)/Gelatin-Based Dressings Facilitate Skin Tissue Repair.,"Functional inorganic nanomaterials (NMs) are widely exploited as bioactive materials and drug depots. The lack of a stable form of application of NMs at the site of skin injury, may impede the removal of the debridement, elevate pH, induce tissue toxicity, and limit their use in skin repair. This necessitates the advent of innovative wound dressings that overcome the above limitations. The overarching objective of this study was to exploit strontium-doped mesoporous silicon particles (PSiSr) to impart multifunctionality to poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/gelatin (PG)-based fibrous dressings (PG@PSiSr) for excisional wound management.","['D005780', 'D000818', 'D013324', 'D014945', 'D001458', 'D000077182', 'D012867', 'D016062', 'D051381', 'D006801', 'D012825', 'D017207', 'D051379', 'D061307', 'D008297', 'D001672']"
38946514,Effect of different occlusal materials on peri-implant stress distribution with different osseointegration condition: A finite element analysis.,Studies have not been done to evaluate the peri-implant stress exerted by materials(like PEEK and resin matrix ceramics) in different osseointegration conditions. To investigate the effect of different occlusal materials on peri-implant stress distribution with different osseointegration condition using finite element analysis.,"['D020342', 'D016348', 'D003764', 'D015921', 'D015040', 'D006801', 'D003776', 'D002516', 'D008422', 'D013314', 'D003799', 'D019904', 'D011108']"
38946509,Assessment of occlusion changes during laboratory phase of relining: An in vitro study.,"Assessment of occlusion changes during laboratory phase of relining is essential to evaluate the occlusal discrepancies that could get incorporated in the denture with the use of different relining materials. Since the long term stability and functional success of the denture is heavily influenced by occlusion, an In-vitro study to assess these changes after relining is warranted. The aim of the study is to evaluate the changes in occlusion during laboratory phase of relining procedure.","['D006801', 'D066298', 'D003766', 'D003781', 'D003764', 'D003822']"
38946507,"Comparative evaluation on surface nanohardness, surface microhardness, surface roughness, and wettability of plant-based organic nanoparticle reinforced polyetheretherketone as an implant material - An in vitro study.","Synthetic inorganic materials are commonly used as reinforcing agents in polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composite, whereas natural organic plant-based reinforcing agents are negligible. Surface hardness, roughness, and wettability are indicative factors of osseointegration behavior to be used as an implant material. This study evaluated micro surface hardness (MSH), nano surface hardness (NSH), surface roughness (SR), and contact angle (CA) of PEEK-Azadirachta indica reinforced at 10 wt%, 20 wt%, and 30 wt%.","['D001577', 'D011092', 'D011108', 'D007659', 'D053758', 'D013499', 'D017155', 'D006244', 'D066298', 'D015921', 'D008422', 'D018515']"
38946506,Effect of titanium dioxide and zirconium dioxide nanoparticle incorporation on the thermal conductivity of heat-activated polymethylmethacrylate denture base resins: An in vitro experimental study.,The aim is to determine thermal conduction by heat-activated polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) infiltrated with 1 weight% Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) and 1 weight% Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles and to compare with that of conventional PMMA.,"['D014025', 'D015040', 'D019904', 'D013814', 'D053758', 'D006358', 'D003819', 'D008422', 'D066298']"
38946505,A comparative evaluation of marginal fit and microleakage of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing-milled zirconia and prefabricated posterior occlusal veneers: An in vitrostudy.,The aim of this study was to compare the marginal fit of prefabricated occlusal veneers with computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM)-milled zirconia occlusal veneers in the posterior teeth.,"['D003801', 'D015040', 'D017076', 'D006801', 'D018772', 'D003763', 'D017267', 'D066298', 'D001641']"
38946504,Comparative evaluation of osseodensification drilling versus conventional drilling technique on dental implant stability: A systematic review.,"The present systematic review compares the stability, crestal bone levels and efficacy of osseodensification (OD) drilling techniques for dental implant placement to traditional drilling methods.","['D006801', 'D015921', 'D003758', 'D016348']"
38946503,An evaluation of antagonist enamel wear opposing full-coverage zirconia crowns versus other ceramics full-coverage crowns and natural enamel - An umbrella review.,The aim of this umbrella review was to systematically review the systematic reviews on antagonist enamel wear opposing zirconia crowns compared to other ceramics and natural enamel.,"['D006801', 'D002516', 'D003442', 'D003743', 'D057085', 'D015040']"
38946434,The history and potential future of monoclonal antibody therapeutics development and manufacturing in four eras.,"Therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) development and the processes for manufacturing drug substance have evolved since the first approval of the mAb in 1986. As the past is often the prologue to the future, the history of these technologies has been classified here into three eras, leading to speculation about what the next era may hold with regard to development and manufacturing strategies, as well as the potential impacts to patients. The substantial increase in production culture titers and bioreactor production volumes and the availability of large-scale contract manufacturing facilities could translate into improved global access for these therapies and an expansion of indications for therapeutic antibodies.","['D000818', 'D006801', 'D000911', 'D019149', 'D000076722', 'D049673', 'D049674']"
38946307,Above-knee amputation shows higher complication and mortality rates in line with lower functional outcome compared to knee arthrodesis in severe periprosthetic joint infection.,"In cases of severe periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the knee, salvage procedures such as knee arthrodesis (KA) or above-knee amputation (AKA) must be considered. As both treatments result in limitations in quality of life (QoL), we aimed to compare outcomes and factors influencing complication rates, mortality, and mobility.","['D006801', 'D001174', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000671', 'D000368', 'D016459', 'D012086', 'D008875', 'D011788', 'D011183', 'D019645', 'D007720', 'D000369', 'D016896', 'D012189', 'D011446']"
38945880,[Direct Positron Emission Imaging Using Ultrafast Timing Performance Detectors].,"This is an explanatory paper on Sun Il Kwon et al., Nat. Photon. 15: 914-918, 2021 and some parts of this manuscript are translated from the paper. Medical imaging modalities such as X-ray computed tomography, Magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography, require image reconstruction processes, consequently constraining them to form cylindrical shapes. However, among them, only PET can use additional information, so called time of flight, on an event-by-event basis. If coincidence time resolution (CTR) of PET detectors improved to 30 ps, which corresponds to spatial resolution of 4.5 mm, directly localizing electron-positron annihilation point is possible, allowing us to circumvent image reconstruction processes and free us from the geometric constraint. We call this concept direct positron emission imaging (dPEI). We have developed ultrafast radiation detectors by focusing on Cherenkov photon detection. Furthermore, the CTR of 32 ps being equivalent to 4.8 mm spatial resolution is achieved by combining deep learning-based signal processing with the detectors. In this article, we explain how we developed the detectors and demonstrated the first dPEI using different types of phantoms, how we will tackle limitations to be addressed to make the dPEI more practical, and how dPEI will emerge as an imaging modality in nuclear medicine.","['D007091', 'D019047', 'D017785', 'D049268', 'D013997']"
38945879,[Verification of Response Uncertainty in Electrometers through Cross-Comparison with a Novel Current Source: A Comparative Study with Guidelines for Electrometers Used in Radiation Therapy Dosimeters].,"A new quality assurance and control method for electrometers using a new current source, different from the method published in the guidelines for electrometers, has been reported. This current source uses dry batteries and exhibits excellent performance in terms of voltage, temperature, and time characteristics. The electrometer sensitivity coefficient can be calculated by comparing the sensitivity of one electrometer with that of another on the electrometer calibration coefficient that has been calibrated by a calibration laboratory in advance in both methods. The guideline method requires two or more sets of ionization chambers and electrometers in the facility. In contrast, our method does not use ionization chambers; therefore, the sensitivity ratio of the electrometer can be measured in any facility. This study compared the uncertainty of the electrometer sensitivity factor calculated using the new current source method (current method) with that calculated using a linear accelerator (LINAC) and ionization chambers (LINAC method) described in the electrometer guidelines.","['D035501', 'D002138', 'D000072232', 'D017408', 'D011874', 'D010315']"
38945839,Advanced repair of recurrent and low-large hysterotomy defects using a myometrial glide flap.,"The resolution of factors linked to the recurrence of cesarean section defects can be accomplished through a comprehensive technique that effectively addresses the dehiscent area, eliminates associated intraluminal fibrosis, and establishes a vascularized anterior wall by creating a sliding myometrial flap.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D012189', 'D020883', 'D011247', 'D002921', 'D013524', 'D002585', 'D009215', 'D012008']"
38955765,[Research progress on robot-assisted subretinal and intravascular injection surgeries].,"Various retinal diseases require subretinal and/or intravascular injections, which are precise and challenging ocular microsurgeries. Robot-assisted surgery is expected to promote surgery precision, visualization, and success rates. This review summarizes recent research progress on robot-assisted surgery for subretinal and intravascular injections, emphasizing effectiveness, safety, and intelligence, and aiming to provide valuable insights for research on the application of surgical robots in the treatment of retinal diseases.","['D006801', 'D012164', 'D065287', 'D012160', 'D012371']"
38954136,Clinical features of retinal detachment treated with segmental scleral buckling.,"Our study aims to evaluate the surgical outcomes and clinical features of retinal detachment (RD) cases treated with segmental scleral buckling (SB), elucidating the role of segmental SB as a vital option in specific situations during the current era.","['D006801', 'D012591', 'D012163', 'D012189', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D002648', 'D000293', 'D008875', 'D055815', 'D014792', 'D000368', 'D005500', 'D016896']"
38953846,Correlation Analysis of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Histogram Parameters and Clinicopathologic Features for Prognosis Prediction in Uveal Melanoma.,To investigate the correlation between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histograms and high-risk clinicopathologic features related to uveal melanoma (UM) prognosis.,"['D006801', 'D014604', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D008545', 'D012189', 'D011379', 'D038524', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D017352']"
38953731,The potential significance of hepcidin evaluation in progressive supranuclear palsy.,"Hepcidin is a peptide associated with controlling the distribution of iron in tissues. Growing interest is linked with its impact on neurodegenerative diseases, as disruption of the iron regulation may be considered an initiatory element of pathological protein accumulation. The possible impact of hepcidin was not previously sufficiently explored in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP).","['D006801', 'D013494', 'D064451', 'D000368', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D012720']"
38952872,An Analysis of Optic Disc Parameters in Patients with Peripheral Retinal Tears Following Acute Posterior Vitreous Detachment: A Cross-Sectional Study.,To investigate association between optic disc parameters analyzed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and occurrence of peripheral retinal tears in patients with symptomatic posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).,"['D006801', 'D003430', 'D008297', 'D041623', 'D005260', 'D020255', 'D008875', 'D009898', 'D012167', 'D000368', 'D009412', 'D000328', 'D016014']"
38951820,Role of plasma fatty acid in age-related macular degeneration: insights from a mendelian randomization analysis.,"An imbalance in lipid metabolism has been linked to the development of AMD, but the causal relationship between AMD and plasma fatty acids (FAs) remains controversial. Using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, we sought to evaluate the impact of specific FA plasma levels on the risk of different AMD subtypes.","['D006801', 'D057182', 'D008268', 'D015525', 'D055106', 'D008297', 'D000090943', 'D005260', 'D043371', 'D000368', 'D020641', 'D044943', 'D008875', 'D014280', 'D005227', 'D012307']"
38951425,Histiocytosis and adult-onset orbital xanthogranuloma in 2023: a review of the literature and mini case series.,"Within the large umbrella of histiocytosis are a few similar yet heterogenous entities involving the orbit and periocular tissues with or without systemic infiltration, termed adult onset xanthogranuloma or orbital xanthogranuloma. Due to rarity of these conditions, different classifications in use, diverse clinical presentations and still unknown etiology, the aim of this paper was to provide an up-to-date literature review of the actual understanding of histiocytosis and its subgroups involving the orbit and periocular area, diagnostic strategies and therapeutic modalities.","['D000328', 'D005260', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D006099', 'D015614', 'D009916', 'D012189', 'D014057', 'D014973', 'D000368']"
38951418,Accuracy of a novel method for IOP measurement without applying pressure on the cornea.,To assess the accuracy of a prototype novel instrument for intra ocular pressure (IOP) measurements not involving corneal pressure application.,"['D006801', 'D007429', 'D011446', 'D014065', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D003315', 'D015203', 'D016022', 'D008875', 'D055815', 'D064368', 'D005901', 'D004867']"
38951350,Publication trends of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and anti-VEGF treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration during 2001-2020: a 20-year bibliometric study.,This study sought to provide an overview of the current research and further analyze publication trends in the field of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and anti-VEGF treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD).,"['D006801', 'D020533', 'D015706', 'D042461', 'D057135', 'D058449']"
38951270,The spike of acute angle closure after the epidemic downgrade of COVID-19 management: a hospital-based comparative study from China.,"To analyse and compare the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with acute angle closure (AAC) who presented before the COVID-19 pandemic, during the COVID-19 management and after their downgrading.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002681', 'D015812', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D000086402', 'D015994', 'D000208', 'D012189', 'D007429', 'D014792']"
38950286,Crizanlizumab for retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy in a phase II clinical study.,"BackgroundRetinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations (RVCL-S) is a rare, autosomal dominant, universally fatal disease without effective treatment options. This study explores the safety and preliminary efficacy of crizanlizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against P-selectin approved for the prevention of sickle cell crises, in slowing retinal nonperfusion and preserving vision in patients with RVCL-S.METHODSEleven patients with RVCL-S with confirmed exonuclease 3 prime repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1) mutations received monthly crizanlizumab infusions over 2 years. The study measured the nonperfusion index within 3 retinal zones and the total retina with fluorescein angiography, visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), and optical coherence tomography central subfield thickness (CST) at baseline, 1 year, and 2 years. A mixed repeated-measures analysis was performed to assess the progression rates and changes from baseline.RESULTSEleven participants received crizanlizumab infusions. All of the participants tolerated crizanlizumab well, with 8 of 11 (72.7%) reporting mild adverse effects such as nausea, fatigue, and gastrointestinal symptoms. The change in total retinal nonperfusion was 7.22% [4.47, 9.97] in year 1 and -0.69% [-4.06, 2.68] in year 2 (P < 0.001). In the mid periphery, the change in nonperfusion was 10.6% [5.1, 16.1] in year 1 and -0.68% [-3.98, 5.35] in year 2 (P < 0.01), demonstrating a reduction in progression of nonperfusion in the second year of treatment. Visual acuity, IOP, and CST remained stable.CONCLUSIONCrizanlizumab has an acceptable safety profile. These results show promising potential for examining crizanlizumab in larger studies of RVCL-S and similar small-vessel diseases and for using the retina as a biomarker for systemic disease.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04611880.FUNDINGThe Clayco Foundation; DeNardo Education and Research Foundation Grant; Jeffrey T. Fort Innovation Fund; Siteman Retina Research Fund; unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness Inc.; National Heart,Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH (R01HL129241); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH (RF1NS116565).","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D061067', 'D008875', 'D056784', 'D005090', 'D012164', 'D010750']"
38949811,Cataract Development Among Pediatric Patients With Uveitis.,The long-term estimated risk of development of cataracts among pediatric patients with uveitis is not clear.,"['D006801', 'D014605', 'D002386', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002648', 'D000293', 'D002675', 'D012307', 'D015331', 'D007223', 'D016016']"
38949439,"Accessibility of and barriers to the use of eye health services in Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana."," There is a high prevalence of vision impairment and blindness in Africa. The poor access to eye health services, among other barriers, has been found to have a considerable effect on the burden of avoidable vision loss and blindness, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.","['D006801', 'D005869', 'D003430', 'D005260', 'D006297', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D055815', 'D011795', 'D000368', 'D010342', 'D000293', 'D005128', 'D001766']"
38949024,Primary cilia formation requires the Leigh syndrome-associated mitochondrial protein NDUFAF2.,"Mitochondria-related neurodegenerative diseases have been implicated in the disruption of primary cilia function. Mutation in an intrinsic mitochondrial complex I component NDUFAF2 has been identified in Leigh syndrome, a severe inherited mitochondriopathy. Mutations in ARMC9, which encodes a basal body protein, cause Joubert syndrome, a ciliopathy with defects in the brain, kidney, and eye. Here, we report a mechanistic link between mitochondria metabolism and primary cilia signaling. We discovered that loss of NDUFAF2 caused both mitochondrial and ciliary defects in vitro and in vivo and identified NDUFAF2 as a binding partner for ARMC9. We also found that NDUFAF2 was both necessary and sufficient for cilia formation and that exogenous expression of NDUFAF2 rescued the ciliary and mitochondrial defects observed in cells from patients with known ARMC9 deficiency. NAD+ supplementation restored mitochondrial and ciliary dysfunction in ARMC9-deficient cells and zebrafish and ameliorated the ocular motility and motor deficits of a patient with ARMC9 deficiency. The present results provide a compelling mechanistic link, supported by evidence from human studies, between primary cilia and mitochondrial signaling. Importantly, our findings have significant implications for the development of therapeutic approaches targeting ciliopathies.","['D006801', 'D015027', 'D007888', 'D002923', 'D000818', 'D008928', 'D052177', 'D042967', 'D051186', 'D012160', 'D005124', 'D051379', 'D000015', 'D002531', 'D024101', 'D029961', 'D008297']"
38948947,Optic nerve compression associated with visual cortex functional alteration in dysthyroid optic neuropathy: A combined orbital and brain imaging study.,"To investigate the alterations of the optic nerve and visual cortex in dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON), a subgroup of thyroid eye disease (TED).","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D049970', 'D014793', 'D000328', 'D008279', 'D009901', 'D009915', 'D009900', 'D000368']"
38948520,Cell and molecular targeted therapies for diabetic retinopathy.,"Diabetic retinopathy (DR) stands as a prevalent complication in the eye resulting from diabetes mellitus, predominantly associated with high blood sugar levels and hypertension as individuals age. DR is a severe microvascular complication of both type I and type II diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of vision impairment. The critical approach to combatting and halting the advancement of DR lies in effectively managing blood glucose and blood pressure levels in diabetic patients; however, this is seldom achieved. Both human and animal studies have revealed the intricate nature of this condition involving various cell types and molecules. Aside from photocoagulation, the sole therapy targeting VEGF molecules in the retina to prevent abnormal blood vessel growth is intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy. However, a substantial portion of cases, approximately 30-40%, do not respond to this treatment. This review explores distinctive pathophysiological phenomena of DR and identifiable cell types and molecules that could be targeted to mitigate the chronic changes occurring in the retina due to diabetes mellitus. Addressing the significant research gap in this domain is imperative to broaden the treatment options available for managing DR effectively.","['D006801', 'D003930', 'D000818', 'D058990', 'D064987', 'D042461']"
38948518,Mendelian randomization study and mediation analysis about the relation of inflammatory bowel disease and diabetic retinopathy: the further exploration of gut-retina axis.,"The concept of the gut-retinal axis proposed by previous scholars primarily focused on the relationship between intestinal microbiota and retinal diseases, and few further expanded the relationship between intestinal diseases and retinal diseases. To further substantiate the concept of the gut-retinal axis, we analyzed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) using Mendelian randomization (MR), and use mediation analysis to further explore the potential substances that influence this causal relationship.","['D006801', 'D057182', 'D003930', 'D055106', 'D015212', 'D000081983', 'D012160', 'D020641', 'D000069196']"
38948507,Case Series: Severe meibomian gland loss in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients on estrogen-progesterone therapy.,"Purpose: To report the ocular surface and meibomian gland changes in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) women taking hormone supplementation. Methods: Case series. Results: Three women (27 ± 11 years) already diagnosed with PCOS presented with dry eye symptoms (mean OSDI, 37.5) for a mean duration of 13 months and were taking hormonal supplements for a mean duration of 60 ± 11 months. The hormonal supplements included oral estrogen (n=3), oral progesterone (n=3), antiandrogen cyproterone (n=1) and isotretinoin (n=1). Ocular surface evaluation revealed mean NIBUT of 9.9 ± 1.6 seconds and mean TMH of 0.27 ± 0.05 mm, assessed non-invasively using Oculus keratograph 5M (K5M). Meibography (K5M) showed near total loss of all meibomian glands (n=8/12 eyelids) with residual ghost glands in all four eyelids of two patients, and gland shortening alone in one patient. The gland morphology did not change following intense thermal pulsation treatment or cessation of hormonal therapy. Conclusions: Near-total irreversible meibomian gland loss was seen in two young PCOS women taking hormonal supplements. Collaboration between ophthalmologists and gynecologists is advisable for early detection and better understanding of dry eye disease (DED) progression in these patients.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011085', 'D000328', 'D008537', 'D004967', 'D011374', 'D055815', 'D015352']"
38948271,[Humoral Immunity Abnormalities in Advanced Maternal-Age Women With Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion: A Single Center Study].,To determine the humoral immunity in advanced maternal-age women with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA).,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D000026', 'D012189', 'D011247', 'D001323', 'D008423', 'D056724', 'D008875', 'D016736', 'D002681', 'D008180', 'D012859', 'D055815', 'D000974', 'D001172', 'D000074079', 'D017152', 'D016015']"
38948265,[Two Cases of Behcet's Disease-Like Syndrome with Gene Deficiency in ELF4].,"The patient 1, a 13-year-old boy, was admitted due to ""recurrent oral ulcers for 3 years, abdominal pain for 8 months, and perianal ulcers for 10 days""; The patient 2, a 3-year-old boy, was admitted due to ""recurrent abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fever for over 3 months"". Genetic testing of both patients revealed ""deficiency in ELF4, X-linked"" (DEX), and the patients were diagnosed with Behcet's disease-like syndrome due to deficiency in ELF4, accordingly. The patient 1 was successively given intravenous methylprednisolone pulses and oral prednisone and mesalazine for symptomatic treatment. The patient 2 was successively treated with corticosteroids combined with enteral nutrition, as well as oral mercaptopurine. Subsequently, both patients showed improvements in symptoms and were discharged.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D001528', 'D002675', 'D000293']"
38947316,Paraneoplastic neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder associated with ovarian dysgerminoma: a case report and literature review.,"Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by attacks of acute optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. We report a case with paraneoplastic NMOSD that improved after immunosuppressive therapy, surgical resection, and chemotherapy. A 48-year-old woman initially presented with gradual binocular visual loss over the course of one week. The patient was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), visual evoked potential (VEP), pathological biopsy, immunohistochemistry, and autoimmune antibody testing. The brain MRI findings were normal. The VEP revealed prolonged P100 latencies in the right eye and an absence of significant waves in the left eye. Positive serum AQP4-IgG antibodies were found. The patient was diagnosed as NMOSD. Then the patient responded well to treatment with methylprednisolone. An ovarian tumor was found in the patient using abdominal MRI and CT. The tumor was surgically resected, and a pathological biopsy revealed that it was ovarian dysgerminoma. The patient received four rounds of chemotherapy after surgery. One month after the final chemotherapy treatment, a positron emission tomography (PET) scan revealed no tumor. The vision of the patient gradually recovered and serum AQP4 was negative. Furthermore, we summarized the characteristics of patients diagnosed with paraneoplastic NMOSD associated with ovarian neoplasms in previous studies. This is a characteristic case of overlapping NMOSD and ovarian dysgerminoma, demonstrating the importance of tumor therapy in cases of paraneoplastic NMOSD.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D010051', 'D008875', 'D009471', 'D051401', 'D004407', 'D001323', 'D008279']"
38947111,Cancer to Cataracts: The Mechanistic Impact of Aldo-Keto Reductases in Chronic Diseases.,"Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are a superfamily of promiscuous enzymes that have been chiseled by evolution to act as catalysts for numerous regulatory pathways in humans. However, they have not lost their promiscuity in the process, essentially making them a double-edged sword. The superfamily is involved in multiple metabolic pathways and are linked to chronic diseases such as cataracts, diabetes, and various cancers. Unlike other detoxifying enzymes such as cytochrome P450s (CYP450s), short-chain dehydrogenases (SDRs), and medium-chain dehydrogenases (MDRs), that participate in essential pathways, AKRs are more widely distributed and have members with interchangeable functions. Moreover, their promiscuity is ubiquitous across all species and participates in the resistance of pathogenic microbes. Moreover, the introduction of synthetic substrates, such as synthetic molecules and processed foods, results in unwanted ""toxification"" due to enzyme promiscuity, leading to chronic diseases.","['D006801', 'D000074408', 'D002386', 'D002908', 'D009369']"
38946225,"Reactivity against the BP180 ectodomain in patients with bullous pemphigoid, mucous membrane pemphigoid, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson disease.","The 16th non-collagenous domain (NC16A) of BP180 is the main antigenic target of autoantibodies in bullous pemphigoid (BP) and mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP). Commercially available assays detect serum autoantibodies against NC16A in the majority of BP (80%-90%) and in approximately 50% of MMP patients. However, a standardized test system for detecting antibodies against other regions of BP180 is still lacking. Moreover, anti-BP180 autoantibodies have been found in neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis and Parkinson disease. This study aimed at identifying primary epitopes recognized by BP autoantibodies on the BP180 ectodomain. Serum samples of 51 BP and 30 MMP patients both without anti-NC16A reactivity were included along with 44 multiple sclerosis and 75 Parkinson disease sera. Four overlapping His-tagged proteins covering the entire BP180 ectodomain (BP180(ec)1-4) were cloned, expressed, purified and tested for reactivity by immunoblot. IgG antibodies to BP180(ec)3 were detected in 98% of BP, 77% of MMP and 2% of normal human sera. Only weak reactivity was detected for neurological diseases against BP180(ec)1, BP180(ec)2 and BP180(ec)4, in 3%, 11% and 7% of tested multiple sclerosis sera, respectively. 8% of Parkinson disease sera reacted with BP180(ec)2 and 9% with BP180(ec)4. In conclusion, this study successfully identified epitopes recognized by BP autoantibodies outside the NC16A domain in pemphigoid diseases. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the immune response in BP and MMP with potential implications for a future diagnostic assay for NC16A-negative pemphigoid patients.","['D006801', 'D010300', 'D000097805', 'D024041', 'D010391', 'D001324', 'D009103', 'D001323', 'D010390', 'D007074', 'D000939', 'D000072417', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000368']"
38946005,Single-cell RNA sequencing in exploring the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.,"Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness in the working-age populations. Despite decades of research on the pathogenesis of DR for clinical care, a comprehensive understanding of the condition is still lacking due to the intricate cellular diversity and molecular heterogeneity involved. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has made the high-throughput molecular profiling of cells across modalities possible which has provided valuable insights into complex biological systems. In this review, we summarise the application of scRNA-seq in investigating the pathogenesis of DR, focusing on four aspects. These include the identification of differentially expressed genes, characterisation of key cell subpopulations and reconstruction of developmental 'trajectories' to unveil their state transition, exploration of complex cell‒cell communication in DR and integration of scRNA-seq with genome-wide association studies to identify cell types that are most closely related to DR risk genetic loci. Finally, we discuss the future challenges and expectations associated with studying DR using scRNA-seq. We anticipate that scRNA-seq will facilitate the discovery of mechanisms and new treatment targets in the clinical care landscape for patients with DR. KEY POINTS: Progress in scRNA-seq for diabetic retinopathy (DR) research includes studies on DR patients, non-human primates, and the prevalent mouse models. scRNA-seq facilitates the identification of differentially expressed genes, pivotal cell subpopulations, and complex cell-cell interactions in DR at single-cell level. Future scRNA-seq applications in DR should target specific patient subsets and integrate with single-cell and spatial multi-omics approaches.","['D003930', 'D006801', 'D059010', 'D017423', 'D000818', 'D055106']"
38944776,[Association between emotional disorders and ophthalmopathology in residents of the Arkhangelsk region at the age of 60-74 years.].,"A study was conducted to investigate the associations of the diseases of the organ of vision and its accessory apparatus with anxiety and depression in the elderly people. The study included 678 participants of the ESSE-RF3 population study in the Arkhangelsk region in the age of 60-74 years. We used a questionnaire, including the hospital scale of anxiety and depression score (HADS), and the assessment of the ophthalmological status. It was found that all the study participants had diseases of the visual organ. Elevated depression scores were associated with sex, age, marital status (being single), and disability, elevated anxiety scores - with sex. The scores on the anxiety scale were on average 25% higher in participants whose visual acuity decreased to 0,5 units, and showed no independent associations with diagnosed ophthalmological diseases. The scores on the depression scale were on average 33% higher in participants with visual acuity 0,5 units, and 22% higher in the presence of retinopathy. In conclusion, anxiety and depression in the elderly people were more associated with visual deficits rather than with the presence of ophthalmological diseases underlying a decrease in functional status.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D012426', 'D001007', 'D014792', 'D003863', 'D005128', 'D011795', 'D014786']"
38944772,[Economic index - predictor of premature aging.].,"It is widely known that in economically developed countries there is an increase in the proportion of older people. However, the problem of the influence of territorial features of economic development on the rate of population aging is not sufficiently covered. The goal was to study the impact of economic development indicators (EDI) on the processes of premature aging of the population. The materials were statistical collections of the Ministry of Health of Russia and Russian Statistics Service for 2011-2019. The highest incidence was characteristic of cataracts and glaucoma. A direct correlation has been established between the EDI and the age-specific incidence index (ASII) of cataracts (r=0,31; p=0,00436). A group of regions with a high level of economic development was characterized by a higher value of ASII, which, as a rule, corresponds to the later development of the disease.","['D006801', 'D012426', 'D019588', 'D000368', 'D002386', 'D015994', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D005901', 'D057217', 'D008875']"
38944422,Transcriptomic Analysis of Metastatic Uveal Melanoma and Differences in Male and Female Patients.,"Uveal melanoma is an ocular malignancy whose prognosis severely worsens following metastasis. In order to improve the understanding of molecular physiology of metastatic uveal melanoma, we identified genes and pathways implicated in metastatic vs non-metastatic uveal melanoma.","['D006801', 'D014604', 'D008545', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D020869', 'D009362', 'D015972', 'D059467', 'D012737']"
38943292,"Clinical Profile and Outcome of Pediatric Demyelinating Disorders in Calabar, Nigeria: A Case Series.",Demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) are rare disorders characterized by inflammation and the selective destruction of CNS myelin. The incidence of this disorder is increasing in developed countries. Nigerian studies on the pediatric population on the subject are very scarce.,"['D006801', 'D009549', 'D002648', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000293', 'D002675', 'D012189', 'D007223', 'D003711', 'D008279', 'D015994', 'D016896', 'D009188', 'D009902']"
38943095,Research on segmentation model of optic disc and optic cup in fundus.,"Glaucoma is a worldwide eye disease that can cause irreversible vision loss. Early detection of glaucoma is important to reduce vision loss, and retinal fundus image examination is one of the most commonly used solutions for glaucoma diagnosis due to its low cost. Clinically, the cup-disc ratio of fundus images is an important indicator for glaucoma diagnosis. In recent years, there have been an increasing number of algorithms for segmentation and recognition of the optic disc (OD) and optic cup (OC), but these algorithms generally have poor universality, segmentation performance, and segmentation accuracy.","['D009898', 'D006801', 'D000465', 'D005654', 'D005901']"
38943083,Association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor use and diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of real-world studies.,The purpose of this review was to examine if dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i) use affects the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR).,"['D006801', 'D003930', 'D054873', 'D015994', 'D003924', 'D012307', 'D018450']"
38943020,Diagnostic value of corneal optical densitometry in keratoconus.,To investigate the clinical significance of the correlation between optical densitometry and both biomechanical and morphological parameters in keratoconus (KC) and to verify the diagnostic value of optical densitometry in KC.,"['D006801', 'D007640', 'D003430', 'D005260', 'D003720', 'D008297', 'D003315', 'D000328', 'D019781', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D008875', 'D001696']"
38942959,Antioxidant effect of gallic acid on retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma model.,"To evaluate the protective effect of gallic acid on the optic nerve by studying the inhibitory effect of gallic acid on oxidative stress in retinal ganglion cells. 100 male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group, simple high IOP group, 0.5% gallic acid experimental group, and 1% gallic acid experimental group. HE staining, immunofluorescence, DHE staining, Western blot, and q-PCR were used to observe the antioxidant effect of gallic acid on the retina of acute ocular hypertension rats. HE staining of the retina of SD rats confirmed that the nucleus of RGCs was clear, the thickness of the RNFL was regular in the normal control group, and the nucleus of RGCs was ruptured and lysed in the simple high intraocular pressure (IOP) group and the gallic acid group, and the thickness of the RNFL was significantly thickened, but the thickness of the RNFL in the gallic acid group was significantly reduced compared with that in the simple high IOP group (p < 0.05). DHE staining showed that ROS content in the simple high IOP group was significantly increased compared with the normal control group, and ROS content was significantly decreased after the application of gallic acid (p < 0.05). Immunofluorescence staining with Brn-3a antibody confirmed that the number of RGCs was significantly reduced in the simple high IOP group compared with the normal control group, whereas after application of gallic acid, the number of RGCs was significantly more in the gallic acid group than in the simple high IOP group (p < 0.05). Western Blot and q-PCR confirmed that hypoxia-inducing factor 1α (HIF-1α) protein content and transcription level were significantly increased in the retinal tissue of the simple high IOP group, and gallic acid could inhibit HIF-1α protein content (p < 0.05) and reduce transcription factor level (p < 0.05). Gallic acid exerts a protective effect on RGC by inhibiting oxidative stress in rats with acute IOP elevation.","['D005707', 'D000818', 'D012165', 'D000975', 'D008297', 'D051381', 'D017207', 'D004195', 'D005901', 'D018384', 'D017382', 'D051795', 'D007429', 'D009798']"
38942805,Effect of orbital decompression surgery on the choroidal profile in patients with thyroid eye disease.,"This study aimed to investigate the effect of orbital wall decompression surgery and reduction of proptosis on the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in patients with thyroid eye disease (TED). Fifty-one eyes from 38 patients with controlled TED and proptosis were enrolled in this study. The majority of the patients (50.9%) had a clinical activity score (CAS) of zero, and none had a CAS greater than 2. The patients underwent a complete baseline ophthalmologic examination, and their choroidal profile alterations were monitored using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) before and during the three months after surgery. Changes in SFCT, luminance area (LA), total choroidal area (TCA), and the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were measured as the ratio of LA to TCA in EDI-OCT images. The participants had an average age of 46.47 years, and 22 were female (57.9%). The SFCT of the patients exhibited a significant reduction over the follow-up period, decreasing from 388 ± 103 to 355 ± 95 µm in the first month (p < 0.001) and further decreasing to 342 ± 109 µm by the third month compared to baseline (p < 0.001). The CVI exhibited a drop from 0.685 ± 0.037 at baseline to 0.682 ± 0.035 and 0.675 ± 0.030 at 1 and 3 months post-surgery, respectively. However, these changes were not statistically significant, indicating comparable decreases in both LA and TCA. There was a significant correlation between improved proptosis and reduction in SFCT (p < 0.001) but not with CVI (p = 0.171). In conclusion, during the three months of follow-up following orbital wall decompression, CVI did not change, while SFCT reduced significantly. Additionally, SFCT was significantly correlated with proptosis reduction, whereas CVI was not.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D019299', 'D049970', 'D002829', 'D041623', 'D000328', 'D009915', 'D005094', 'D000368', 'D016896']"
38942756,PAM-flexible Engineered FnCas9 variants for robust and ultra-precise genome editing and diagnostics.,"The clinical success of CRISPR therapies hinges on the safety and efficacy of Cas proteins. The Cas9 from Francisella novicida (FnCas9) is highly precise, with a negligible affinity for mismatched substrates, but its low cellular targeting efficiency limits therapeutic use. Here, we rationally engineer the protein to develop enhanced FnCas9 (enFnCas9) variants and broaden their accessibility across human genomic sites by ~3.5-fold. The enFnCas9 proteins with single mismatch specificity expanded the target range of FnCas9-based CRISPR diagnostics to detect the pathogenic DNA signatures. They outperform Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) and its engineered derivatives in on-target editing efficiency, knock-in rates, and off-target specificity. enFnCas9 can be combined with extended gRNAs for robust base editing at sites which are inaccessible to PAM-constrained canonical base editors. Finally, we demonstrate an RPE65 mutation correction in a Leber congenital amaurosis 2 (LCA2) patient-specific iPSC line using enFnCas9 adenine base editor, highlighting its therapeutic utility.","['D006801', 'D000072669', 'D000076987', 'D064113', 'D005603', 'D001426', 'D057130', 'D013297', 'D057809', 'D009154', 'D000094704', 'D015202', 'D015894']"
38942524,Optic Nerve Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders.,"Optic neuritis is a common feature in multiple sclerosis and in 2 other autoimmune demyelinating disorders such as aquaporin-4 IgG antibody-associated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. Although serologic testing is critical for differentiating these different autoimmune-mediated disorders, MR imaging, which is the preferred imaging modality for assessing the optic nerve, can provide valuable information, suggesting a specific diagnosis and guiding the appropriate serologic testing.","['D006801', 'D009103', 'D009900', 'D008279', 'D009902', 'D009471', 'D059906']"
38942523,Spinal Cord Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders.,"Spinal cord MRI plays an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and related disorders. The ANATOMICAL, pathologic, imaging and prognostic consideriations for the spinal cord for MS and the most important other demyelinating disorders, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease, are reviewed. Finally, differential diagnostic considerations of spinal cord MRI in MS and related disorders are discussed.","['D006801', 'D009103', 'D008279', 'D013116', 'D009471', 'D003937']"
38942520,Advanced Brain Imaging in Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases.,"In recent decades, advances in neuroimaging have profoundly transformed our comprehension of central nervous system demyelinating diseases. Remarkable technological progress has enabled the integration of cutting-edge acquisition and postprocessing techniques, proving instrumental in characterizing subtle focal changes, diffuse microstructural alterations, and macroscopic pathologic processes. This review delves into state-of-the-art modalities applied to multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. Furthermore, it explores how this dynamic landscape holds significant promise for the development of effective and personalized clinical management strategies, encompassing support for differential diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring treatment response, and patient stratification.","['D006801', 'D059906', 'D001921', 'D003711', 'D009471', 'D008279', 'D009103']"
38942518,"Diagnostic Criteria for Multiple Sclerosis, Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders, and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-immunoglobulin G-associated Disease.","The diagnostic workup of multiple sclerosis (MS) has evolved considerably. The 2017 revision of the McDonald criteria shows high sensitivity and accuracy in predicting clinically definite MS in patients with a typical clinically isolated syndrome and allows an earlier MS diagnosis. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunoglobulin G-associated disease (MOGAD) are recognized as separate conditions from MS, with specific diagnostic criteria. New MR imaging markers may improve diagnostic specificity for these conditions, thus reducing the risk of misdiagnosis. This study summarizes the most recent updates regarding the application of MR imaging for the diagnosis of MS, NMOSD, and MOGAD.","['D006801', 'D009471', 'D009103', 'D063308', 'D008279', 'D007074', 'D003937']"
38941998,Objective Analysis of Corneal Nerves and Dendritic Cells.,"Corneal nerves and dendritic cells are increasingly being visualised to serve as clinical parameters in the diagnosis of ocular surface diseases using intravital confocal microscopy. In this review, different methods of image analysis are presented. The use of deep learning algorithms, which enable automated pattern recognition, is explained in detail using our own developments and compared with other established methods.","['D003315', 'D003713', 'D006801', 'D018613', 'D009882', 'D000077321', 'D003316', 'D010363', 'D007091', 'D000069416', 'D000465']"
38941573,Retinal Changes in Double-Antibody Seronegative Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders.,To systematically describe the clinical picture of double-antibody seronegative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (DN-NMOSD) with specific emphasis on retinal involvement.,"['D006801', 'D009471', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D003430', 'D008875', 'D041623', 'D051401', 'D012189', 'D001323', 'D012160']"
38941365,AST/ALT ratio is an independent risk factor for diabetic retinopathy: A cross-sectional study.,"The aspartate to alanine transaminase (AST/ALT) ratio indicates oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions related to the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Currently, there are no reports on the correlation between AST/ALT ratio and DR. Hence, this study aimed to explore the relationship between AST/ALT ratio and DR. This cross-sectional study utilized data from the Metabolic Management Center of the First People's Hospital in City. In total, 1365 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) participated in the study, including 244 patients with DR and 1121 patients without DR. We collected the results of fundus photography, liver function, and other research data and grouped them according to tertiles of AST/ALT ratios. DR prevalence was the highest in the group with the highest AST/ALT ratio (22.12%, P = .004). Both univariate (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.51-3.34, P < .001) and multivariable logistic regression analyses (adjusted for confounding factors) showed that the risk of DR increased by 36% when the AST/ALT ratio increased by 1 standard deviation (SD) (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.16-1.59, P < .001), and 29.3% was mediated by the duration of diabetes. A sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of the results. This study showed that an increase in AST/ALT ratio is an independent risk factor for DR.","['D006801', 'D003930', 'D003430', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D012307', 'D003924', 'D000410', 'D001219', 'D000368', 'D015995', 'D015415']"
38941282,Francisella tularensis Infection Causing Parinaud Oculoglandular Syndrome.,"BACKGROUND Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome is a unilateral granulomatous palpebral conjunctivitis associated with preauricular, submandibular, and cervical lymphadenopathies. Several infectious diseases can cause Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome, usually with a conjunctival entry. The most common underlying pathology is cat scratch disease, followed by the oculoglandular form of tularemia. Diagnosis is usually a serious challenge as these infections are themselves rare. On the other hand, Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome may be a rare manifestation of more common disorders (eg, tuberculosis, syphilis, mumps, herpes simplex and Epstein-Barr virus, adenovirus, Rickettsia, Sporothrix, Chlamydia infections). CASE REPORT We present the case of a 66-year-old man with granulomatous conjunctivitis and ipsilateral preauricular, submandibular, and upper cervical lymphadenopathies following a superficial corneal injury. Although the systematic amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and metronidazole antibiotic therapy started immediately at admission, the suppuration of the lymph nodes required surgical drainage. Based on his anamnesis (sheep breeding; a twig scratching his eye 2 days before the initial attendance) and symptoms, a zoonosis, namely the oculoglandular form of tularemia, was suspected, empiric ciprofloxacin therapy was administered, and the patient recovered without sequelae. The Francisella tularensis infection was eventually confirmed by microagglutination serologic assay. CONCLUSIONS If Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome is diagnosed and cat scratch fever as the most common etiology is not likely, other zoonoses, especially the oculoglandular form of tularemia, should be suspected. Serology is the most common laboratory method of diagnosing tularemia. Empiric fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin) or aminoglycoside (gentamicin or streptomycin) antibiotic therapy should be started immediately at the slightest suspicion of oculoglandular tularemia.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D014406', 'D000368', 'D005604', 'D003234', 'D013577', 'D000900', 'D015835', 'D000072281']"
38940969,Statistical optimal parameters obtained by using clinical human ocular aberrations for high-precision aberration measurement.,"Compared to Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWS), the parameters of virtual SHWS (vSHWS) can be easily adjusted to obtain the optimal performance of aberration measurement. Its current optimal parameters are obtained with only a set of statistical aberrations and not statistically significant. Whether the above parameters are consistent with the statistical results of the optimal parameters corresponding to each set of aberrations, and which performance is better if not? The purpose of this study was to answer these questions.","['D006801', 'D057108', 'D019781', 'D057128', 'D012029', 'D014792']"
38940962,"Prospective, randomised clinical trial on the necessity of using a silicone intubarium in the context of endonasal-endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EN-DCR) in patients with postsaccal lacrimal duct stenosis.",This prospective clinical study evaluates the effect of a silicone stent tube (SST) on the success rate of endonasal-endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EN-DCR) to treat primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction.,"['D006801', 'D003608', 'D007767', 'D011446', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D007440', 'D015607', 'D009301', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D012828', 'D004724', 'D005500', 'D016896', 'D000369']"
38940960,Epiretinal membranes in patients with uveitis: an update on the current state of management.,"This review aims to summarize the current knowledge concerning the clinical features, diagnostic work-up, and therapeutic approach of uveitic epiretinal membranes (ERM).","['D006801', 'D019773', 'D014605', 'D014821', 'D041623', 'D014792', 'D019468']"
38940761,Impact of Peripheral Refractive Errors in Mobility Performance.,The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional effects of peripheral refractive errors on mobility performance through a stair negotiation task.,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D012029', 'D012030', 'D055815', 'D005139', 'D014792', 'D005684', 'D016138']"
38940358,Tissue Engineering and Ophthalmology.,"Tissue engineering (TE) is a field of science that combines biological, engineering, and medical sciences and allows the development of disease models, drug development and gene therapy studies, and even cellular or tissue-based treatments developed by engineering methods. The eye is an organ that is easily accessible and amenable to engineering applications, paving the way for TE in ophthalmology. TE studies are being conducted on a wide range of topics, including the tear film, eyelids, cornea, optic nerve, glaucoma, and retinal diseases. With the rapid scientific advances in the field, it seems that TE is radically modifying the management of ocular disorders.","['D023822', 'D006801', 'D009885', 'D005128']"
38955441,Efficacy of home healthcare on the management of tracheostomy patients.,To evaluated the home healthcare efficacy in managing tracheostomy patients at King Abdulaziz Medical City under the Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs. Home healthcare is care provided to patients in the convenience of their homes to ensure high-quality care based on healthcare providers' supervision.,"['D006801', 'D014139', 'D012189', 'D008297', 'D006699', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D012529', 'D012121', 'D000328', 'D053717', 'D007362', 'D015331']"
38955367,"How the COVID-19 pandemic affected infant vaccination trends in rural and urban communities in Ibadan, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.","This study compared the infant vaccination trends a year before and a year after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in selected urban and rural communities in Ibadan, Nigeria.","['D006801', 'D009549', 'D007223', 'D000086382', 'D003430', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012424', 'D014505', 'D014611', 'D000086402', 'D007115', 'D007231', 'D058873']"
38954809,Gender Inequalities of Health and Quality of Life in Informal Caregivers in Spain: Protocol for the Longitudinal and Multicenter CUIDAR-SE Study.,"The aging population and increased disability prevalence in Spain have heightened the demand for long-term care. Informal caregiving, primarily performed by women, plays a crucial role in this scenario. This protocol outlines the CUIDAR-SE study, focusing on the gender-specific impact of informal caregiving on health and quality of life among caregivers in Andalusia and the Basque Country from 2013 to 2024.","['D006801', 'D017028', 'D011788', 'D013030', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008137', 'D012737', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D011795', 'D000086382', 'D054624', 'D000328']"
38954455,The ethics of clinically assisted nutrition and hydration in adults and the role of the advanced clinical practitioner.,"Clinically assisted nutrition and hydration (CANH) decision-making in adult patients presents complex ethical dilemmas that require careful consideration and navigation. This clinical review addresses the multifaceted aspects of CANH, emphasising the importance of ethical frameworks and the role of advanced clinical practitioners (ACPs) in guiding decision-making processes. The pivotal role of ACPs is highlighted, from their responsibilities and challenges in decision-making to the collaborative approach they facilitate involving patients, families and multidisciplinary teams. The article also explores ethical principles such as autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice, elucidating their application in CANH decision-making. Legal and ethical frameworks covering CANH are examined, alongside case studies illustrating ethical dilemmas and resolutions. Patient-centred approaches to CANH decision-making are discussed, emphasising effective communication and consideration of cultural and religious beliefs. End-of-life considerations and palliative care in CANH are also examined, including the transition to palliative care and ethical considerations in withdrawal or withholding of CANH. Future directions for research and implications for clinical practice are outlined, highlighting the need for ongoing ethical reflection and the integration of ACPs in CANH decision-making.","['D006801', 'D005440', 'D000328', 'D003657', 'D018529', 'D013727', 'D010166']"
38954408,Revisiting longitudinal qualitative studies in social work: considerations for design and methodological insights.,"This paper undertakes an analysis and discussion of the methodological challenges and insights derived from three longitudinal qualitative studies, all conducted in Chile during the COVID-19 pandemic and subject to comprehensive theoretical-methodological reflection processes centred on their respective designs. This analysis makes a significant contribution to interdisciplinary discussions within social research, with a particular emphasis on longitudinal trajectories. First, we present a comparative analysis of three studies in social work, utilising Saldaña's questions addressing changes and learning in longitudinal studies. The first study explores the labour trajectories of researchers, the second focuses on the educational trajectories of students, and the last examines therapeutic alliance trajectories between social workers and families within the child protection system. Following this, we delve into the methodological decisions made by the research group during the execution of these longitudinal studies. This encompasses an examination of participant involvement, temporal definitions of the adopted designs, and the most suitable methodological tools for analysing change processes over time. The outcomes of this comparative analysis reveal the distinctive characteristics of the three longitudinal studies, providing insights into how the time dimension is explored within them. We highlight key criteria essential for consideration in longitudinal qualitative research, particularly regarding participants and methodology. In conclusion, we advocate for an expanded reflection within the realm of longitudinal qualitative methodology, encompassing aspects such as design choices, approaches to data analysis, integration of technology in information processing, and strategies for maintaining participant engagement.","['D006801', 'D008137', 'D036301', 'D012107', 'D000086382', 'D012947', 'D002677', 'D000086402']"
38954121,Genetic Evaluation of the Patients with Clinically Diagnosed Inborn Errors of Immunity by Whole Exome Sequencing: Results from a Specialized Research Center for Immunodeficiency in Türkiye.,"Molecular diagnosis of inborn errors of immunity (IEI) plays a critical role in determining patients' long-term prognosis, treatment options, and genetic counseling. Over the past decade, the broader utilization of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques in both research and clinical settings has facilitated the evaluation of a significant proportion of patients for gene variants associated with IEI. In addition to its role in diagnosing known gene defects, the application of high-throughput techniques such as targeted, exome, and genome sequencing has led to the identification of novel disease-causing genes. However, the results obtained from these different methods can vary depending on disease phenotypes or patient characteristics. In this study, we conducted whole-exome sequencing (WES) in a sizable cohort of IEI patients, consisting of 303 individuals from 21 different clinical immunology centers in Türkiye. Our analysis resulted in likely genetic diagnoses for 41.1% of the patients (122 out of 297), revealing 52 novel variants and uncovering potential new IEI genes in six patients. The significance of understanding outcomes across various IEI cohorts cannot be overstated, and we believe that our findings will make a valuable contribution to the existing literature and foster collaborative research between clinicians and basic science researchers.","['D006801', 'D000073359', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D059014', 'D007153', 'D020022', 'D002648', 'D002675', 'D009154', 'D005820', 'D007223', 'D059472', 'D000293']"
38954101,Quality indicators for integrating oncology and home palliative care in Japan: modified Delphi study.,"Home palliative care service increases the chance of dying at home, particularly for patients with advanced cancer, but late referrals to home palliative care services still exist. Indicators for evaluating programs that can facilitate the integration of oncology and home palliative care have not been defined.","['D006801', 'D010166', 'D003697', 'D006699', 'D007564', 'D019984', 'D009369', 'D008495']"
38953829,How Did We Deal with the Pandemic? - Experience from a Tertiary Health Institute in Eastern India.,"With the introduction of the novel coronavirus in late 2019, the healthcare system of every country in the world experienced many challenges. In India, every healthcare organization has prepared itself to fight against these global challenges. This study aims to describe the challenges faced during the COVID-19 pandemic and how we dealt with the pandemic successfully. This narrative analysis study was made in a 960-bedded teaching hospital during the pandemic. The challenges were identified from the minutes of meetings, circulars issued, and various strategic decisions made to combat the pandemic. The challenges faced by the institute were categorized into nine different categories: infrastructural, human resource, hospital operations, and others. Lack of knowledge during the initial days of the pandemic, need for round-theclock situational management, and day-to-day operation needed aggressive training and adherence to the guidelines. Gaps identified in areas like inventory, infection control, logistics, etc., were quickly addressed, and processes were created as per the nation's changing guidelines. This study revealed strategies to manage the pandemic by optimally utilizing available resources with good teamwork and situational leadership.","['D007194', 'D000086382', 'D006801', 'D062606', 'D000086402', 'D058873', 'D006784', 'D017053']"
38953824,Quality Assessment of Interactive Mobile Application - Maternal and Infant Care for Tribal Birth Attendants.,"Digital health interventions can overcome geographical barriers and prepare health-care providers for better health outcomes in rural and remote tribal areas, however, it has not been explored among traditional birth attendants (TBAs). A mobile application, ""maternal and infant care"" (MAI) for capacity building of tribal birth attendants was developed and its quality was evaluated using the Mobile Application Rating Scale for user's interest in and satisfaction with the esthetics, information, and functionality. Thirteen Android user TBAs with the MAI application were piloted with the MARS checklist. Engagement, functionality, esthetics, and information quality; and one subjective quality scale having 29 items were used. The application was found to be entertaining excellent rating (mean score ± standard deviation) (4.00 ± 0.58), and scored high on performance (3.77 ± 0.93); layout design (3.85 ± 0.90); subjective quality (4.23 ± 0.93), however, scored minimum on interest; gestural design; visual appeal, etc. MAI is a user-friendly, culturally acceptable Android app that can be used for the capacity building of frontline workers.","['D006801', 'D063731', 'D008880', 'D005260', 'D007194', 'D011247', 'D007231', 'D007224', 'D000328', 'D007223', 'D008427']"
38953822,"Basic Vaccinations among Children Aged 12-23 Months in Northeast India: Trend, Pattern and Factors Influencing Low Coverage.","India has experienced tremendous progress in childhood immunization through centralized flagship programs since 1985. There is a wide variation of immunization coverage of children aged 12-23 months among Indian states and regions. The North East (NE) region, including eight sister states, has witnessed low immunization coverage (68.4%) with higher dropouts (25%) and nonvaccinations (7.0%). NE Indian states substantially improved childhood immunization from 22.8% in 1992-93 to 68.4% in 2019-2021; still, it is below the national average (77%) and the lowest among the Indian States/UTs. Highly predictive determinants for the outcome of childhood vaccination status include maternal characteristics antenatal care for pregnancy, place of delivery, education level, and media exposure. A large section of the backward hilly tribes is also needed special attention to improving the levels of childhood vaccinations in NE states.","['D006801', 'D007194', 'D007223', 'D000073887', 'D005260', 'D017589', 'D008297', 'D012959', 'D014611', 'D011295']"
38953802,Profile and Geospatial Analysis of Dog Bite Cases Attending the Antirabies Vaccine Outpatient Department at the Tertiary Level Hospital of Mumbai.,"Dog bites pose a significant public health concern in India, necessitating an understanding of their epidemiological profile and spatial distribution. Adopting the One Health approach, which considers the interconnection of human, animal, and environmental health, is vital for developing effective interventions.","['D004285', 'D000818', 'D006801', 'D001733', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D007194', 'D012189', 'D000293', 'D055815', 'D002648', 'D008875', 'D062606', 'D062206', 'D002675', 'D040362', 'D011819', 'D011818', 'D007223', 'D000368', 'D017677', 'D017678']"
38953799,Factors Associated with High Prevalence of Multibacillary Leprosy in West Bengal: A Case-Control Study.,High proportion of multibacillary (MB) among newly diagnosed leprosy cases poses a public health challenge.,"['D006801', 'D016022', 'D007194', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D056006', 'D000328', 'D015995', 'D008875', 'D000293', 'D055815', 'D057210', 'D012307', 'D012737', 'D002648', 'D012959']"
38953514,Experiences of Self-Sampling and Future Screening Preferences in Non-Attenders Who Returned an HPV Vaginal Self-Sample in the YouScreen Study: Findings From a Cross-Sectional Questionnaire.,We assessed experiences of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaginal self-sampling and future screening preferences in an ethnically and socio-economically diverse group of women overdue for cervical screening.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011795', 'D003430', 'D000328', 'D030361', 'D008875', 'D002583', 'D014626', 'D004739', 'D055088', 'D057240', 'D013048', 'D012648', 'D008403']"
38952740,Benchmarking medical laboratory performance on a global scale.,"Laboratory performance as a relative concept needs repetitive benchmarking for continuous improvement of laboratory procedures and medical processes. Benchmarking as such establishes reference levels as a basis for improvements efforts for healthcare institutions along the diagnosis cycle, with the patient at its center. But while this concept seems to be generally acknowledged in laboratory medicine, a lack of practical implementation hinders progress at a global level. The aim of this study was to examine the utility of a specific combination of indicators and survey-based data collection approach, and to establish a global benchmarking dataset of laboratory performance for decision makers in healthcare institutions.","['D019985', 'D006801', 'D011795', 'D000090464', 'D014943']"
38952739,Awareness and preparedness level of medical workers for radiation and nuclear emergency response.,"Radiological science and nuclear technology have made great strides in the twenty-first century, with wide-ranging applications in various fields, including energy, medicine, and industry. However, those developments have been accompanied by the inherent risks of exposure to nuclear radiation, which is a source of concern owing to its potentially adverse effects on human health and safety and which is of particular relevance to medical personnel who may be exposed to certain cancers associated with low-dose radiation in their working environment. While medical radiation workers have seen a decrease in their occupational exposure since the 1950s thanks to improved measures for radiation protection, a concerning lack of understanding and awareness persists among medical professionals regarding these potential hazards and the required safety precautions. This issue is further compounded by insufficient capabilities in emergency response. This highlights the urgent need to strengthen radiation safety education and training to ensure the well-being of medical staff who play a critical role in radiological and nuclear emergencies. This review examines the health hazards of nuclear radiation to healthcare workers and the awareness and willingness and education of healthcare workers on radiation protection, calling for improved training programs and emergency response skills to mitigate the risks of radiation exposure in the occupational environment, providing a catalyst for future enhancement of radiation safety protocols and fostering of a culture of safety in the medical community.","['D006801', 'D011835', 'D006282', 'D016273', 'D018788', 'D011832', 'D007722', 'D001364']"
38952736,Clinical investigation of former workers exposed to asbestos: the health surveillance experience of an Italian University Hospital.,The need for health surveillance of former workers exposed to asbestos was provided by law in Italy after the asbestos ban in 1992.,"['D006801', 'D007558', 'D016273', 'D008297', 'D001194', 'D006785', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D001195', 'D000368', 'D000086002', 'D000328', 'D008175', 'D011159', 'D010997', 'D008654']"
38952734,"Research on the correlation between clinical nurses' self-efficacy, future time perspective, and occupational burnout.","The number of clinical nurses in China experiencing professional burnout is increasing yearly, posing a serious challenge to the public health sector. Implementing effective intervention strategies is key to reducing the level of occupational burnout. At present, training aimed at alleviating occupational burnout among clinical nurses is very limited, with common training programs focusing on addressing external factors of occupational burnout rather than the internal cognitive issues of clinical nurses. Self-efficacy and future time perspective are both aspects of an individual's internal self-cognition. Meanwhile, the relationship between clinical nurses' self-efficacy, future time perspective, and occupational burnout is not clear, and further research is needed to verify this.","['D006801', 'D002055', 'D020377', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D011795', 'D008297', 'D002681', 'D003430', 'D009726', 'D008875']"
38952733,Network analysis of occupational stress and job satisfaction among radiologists.,"Occupational stress and job satisfaction significantly impact the well-being and performance of healthcare professionals, including radiologists. Understanding the complex interplay between these factors through network analysis can provide valuable insights into intervention strategies to enhance workplace satisfaction and productivity.","['D006801', 'D007588', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D011795', 'D000073397', 'D008875', 'D000072177', 'D017132']"
38952732,Exploring how stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 pandemic impedes engagement along the HIV/AIDS care continuum in public hospitals of Southwest Ethiopia: a qualitative study.,"COVID-19 has rapidly spread across the world. In March 2020, shortly after the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Ethiopia in March 2020, the government of Ethiopia took several measures.","['D006801', 'D005002', 'D000086382', 'D036301', 'D006779', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D015658', 'D003266', 'D008875', 'D000086402', 'D006297', 'D007407', 'D058873', 'D057545']"
38952731,Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the self-care and health condition of the older adults. CUIDAMOS+75. A mixed methods study protocol.,To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health condition of people ≥75 years of age and on their family caregivers in Spain.,"['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D013030', 'D000368', 'D012648', 'D011446', 'D017028', 'D005260', 'D000369', 'D011788', 'D008297', 'D006304', 'D000086402', 'D058873', 'D011320']"
38952484,"One response: Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network supporting the COVID-19 response, Kiribati.","In January 2022, Kiribati experienced widespread community transmission of COVID-19, leading to high rates of infection among health-care workers (HCWs), which reduced essential HCWs during a period of increased hospital admissions.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D004196', 'D000086402', 'D008849', 'D006282', 'D017053']"
38952347,Beyond Legal Boundaries: Public and Clinician Perspectives on Treatment Withdrawal in Infants With Poor Neurological Prognosis.,"Despite medical advancements in neonatal survival rates, many children have poor neurological outcomes. Because the law in Korea restricts the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment to only cases of imminent death, treatment discontinuation may not be an option, even in patients with poor neurological prognosis. This study investigated the opinions of the general population and clinicians regarding life-sustaining treatment withdrawal in such cases using hypothetical scenarios.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D011379', 'D011795', 'D028761', 'D008875', 'D003430', 'D012121', 'D007223', 'D000368', 'D055815', 'D007231', 'D001238', 'D056910', 'D001291']"
38953847,Physiological Effects of Soat1 Inactivation on Homeostasis of the Mouse Ocular Surface.,"Soat1/SOAT1 have been previously reported to be critical for the biosynthesis of cholesteryl esters (CEs) in the mouse Meibomian glands (MGs) as the loss of function led to an arrest of CE production and a substantial accumulation of nonesterified cholesterol in the meibum, causing an increase in its melting temperature. The purpose of this study was to further investigate the role of Soat1 in meibogenesis and ocular surface physiology.","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D006706', 'D008537', 'D013666', 'D018345', 'D003315', 'D008810', 'D050356']"
38952153,Impact of saliva incorporation on the rheological properties of in vitro gastric contents formulated from sour cream.,"Rheological properties of gastric contents depend on the food ingested, and on the volume and composition of secretions from the host, which may vary. This study investigates the impact of saliva regular incorporation in the stomach after a meal on the rheological properties of gastric contents, considering two levels of salivary flow (low = 0.5 and high = 1.5 mL/min). In vitro chymes were obtained by mixing sour cream, simulated gastric fluid, two different volumes of oral fluid (at-rest human saliva, SSF for Simulated Salivary Fluid or water) and adjusting pH at 3. Chymes samples were characterized at 37°C for their particle size and rheological properties. Overall, particle size distribution was not different between samples: incorporating a larger volume of saliva resulted in more heterogeneity, but the surface area moment D[3,2] and volume moment D[4,3] did not differ significantly with the oral fluid type. Shear viscosity of chyme samples was higher when saliva was incorporated, in comparison with water or SSF. In addition, as shown from data extracted at   γ ̇  $$ \dot{\gamma} $$   = 20 s-1 the higher the fluid volume the lower the shear viscosity, which is attributed to a dilution effect. However, this dilution effect was attenuated in the case of saliva, most likely due to its composition in organic compounds (e.g., mucins) contributing to the rheological properties of this biological fluid. In these in vitro conditions, both saliva and the salivation rate had a significant but slight impact on the rheological properties of gastric contents (of the order of 1-5 mPa s at   γ ̇  $$ \dot{\gamma} $$   = 20 s-1).","['D012463', 'D012212', 'D006801', 'D014783', 'D010316', 'D005766', 'D006863', 'D005750']"
38951954,A two-sample Mendelian randomization study of mutual relations of six types of diets in atopic dermatitis.,"In the continuous endeavor to find safe and efficient treatments for Atopic Dermatitis (AD), there remains a considerable focus on dietary adjustments. Nevertheless, the limited availability of research and conflicting findings in the academic literature pose a hurdle in establishing conclusive recommendations.","['D003876', 'D006801', 'D057182', 'D004032', 'D055106', 'D013662', 'D004531', 'D008892', 'D014908', 'D003611', 'D020641']"
38951923,Genetic relationship of energy balance predicted from milk traits with fertility in Japanese Holsteins.,"We predicted the energy balance of cows from milk traits and estimated the genetic correlations of predicted energy balance (PEB) with fertility traits for the first three lactations. Data included 9,646,606 test-day records of 576,555 Holstein cows in Japan from 2015 to 2019. Genetic parameters were estimated with a multiple-trait model in which the records among lactation stages and parities were treated as separate traits. Fertility traits were conception rate at first insemination (CR), number of inseminations (NI), and days open (DO). Heritability estimates of PEB were 0.28-0.35 (first lactation), 0.15-0.29 (second), and 0.09-0.23 (third). Estimated genetic correlations among lactation stages were 0.85-1.00 (first lactation), 0.73-1.00 (second), and 0.64-1.00 (third). Estimated genetic correlations among parities were 0.82-0.96 (between first and second), 0.97-0.99 (second and third), and 0.69-0.92 (first and third). Estimated genetic correlations of PEB in early lactation with fertility were 0.04 to 0.19 for CR, -0.03 to -0.19 for NI, and -0.01 to -0.24 for DO. Genetic improvement of PEB is possible. Lower PEB in early lactation was associated with worse fertility, suggesting that improving PEB in early lactation may improve reproductive performance.","['D000818', 'D002417', 'D005260', 'D004734', 'D005298', 'D005306', 'D007564', 'D007774', 'D008892', 'D019655']"
38951914,Epigenetic scores derived in saliva are associated with gestational age at birth.,"Epigenetic scores (EpiScores), reflecting DNA methylation (DNAm)-based surrogates for complex traits, have been developed for multiple circulating proteins. EpiScores for pro-inflammatory proteins, such as C-reactive protein (DNAm CRP), are associated with brain health and cognition in adults and with inflammatory comorbidities of preterm birth in neonates. Social disadvantage can become embedded in child development through inflammation, and deprivation is overrepresented in preterm infants. We tested the hypotheses that preterm birth and socioeconomic status (SES) are associated with alterations in a set of EpiScores enriched for inflammation-associated proteins.","['D006801', 'D012463', 'D005260', 'D007231', 'D005865', 'D044127', 'D008297', 'D019175', 'D047928', 'D011247', 'D007234', 'D012923', 'D000328', 'D007249']"
38951856,"High expression of serine protease, Brachyurin in the posterior midgut of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) during horse dropping processing.","Livestock droppings cause some environmental problems, but they have the potential to be used as effective biomass resources. The black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), is suitable for efficiently processing such resources. By using BSF larvae for the disposal of livestock droppings, we can obtain two valuable products: protein resources and organic fertilizer. However, there is insufficient research on the digestive enzymes suitable for processing this waste. Here, we aimed to construct an efficient BSF processing system using livestock droppings, and we explored the digestive enzymes involved in this process.","['D000818', 'D004175', 'D007814', 'D006736', 'D057057', 'D019476', 'D005243']"
38951079,[Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma perfusion on cytokines in uterine drainage fluid of patients with intrauterine adhesions following hysteroscopic adhesiolysis].,"Objective: To investigate the effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) perfusion on the levels of cytokines in uterine drainage fluid in patients with moderate to severe intrauterine adhesions (IUA) following hysteroscopic adhesiolysis. Methods: Thirty patients with moderate to severe IUA who underwent hysteroscopic adhesiolysis at Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University from November 2020 to March 2021 were randomly divided into two groups: the PRP group (15 patients with placement of intrauterine-suitable balloons and PRP infusion) and the control group (15 patients with placement of intrauterine-suitable balloons only). For all patients, the channel switch was opened 48 hours after the surgery. The drainage fluid of the uterine cavity was collected using syringes through the proximal end of the drainage channel switch at 24 hours after the surgery and through the drainage channel directly at 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after the surgery, and the levels of related cytokines including platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the drainage fluid of the uterine cavity were evaluated, respectively. Results: (1) The changes in volumes of uterine cavity drainage fluid: the total drainage fluid volumes of the PRP group and the control group in 120 hours after the surgery were (21.8±2.9) and (22.7±2.7) ml, respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (t=-0.847, P>0.05). No significant differences were found in the volumes of drainage fluid between the two groups at 72, 96, and 120 hours after the surgery (all P>0.05). (2) Variation in cytokine levels in the uterine cavity drainage fluid: ① PDGF-BB: median PDGF-BB levels at 24 and 48 hours after the surgery in the PRP group (6.6 and 9.6 μg/L, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the control group (4.7 and 2.7 μg/L, respectively; all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in PDGF-BB levels between the two groups at 72, 96, and 120 hours after the surgery (all P>0.05). ② VEGF-A: median VEGF-A levels at 24 and 48 hours after the surgery in the PRP group (3.5 and 2.8 μg/L, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the control group (1.6 and 1.2 μg/L, respectively; all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in VEGF-A levels between the two groups at 72, 96, and 120 hours after the surgery (all P>0.05). ③ IGF-1: median IGF-1 level at 48 hours after the surgery in the PRP group was significantly higher than that in the control group (39.5 vs 8.6 μg/L, P<0.05). No significant differences were found in IGF-1 levels at 24, 72, 96, and 120 hours after the surgery between the two groups (all P>0.05). ④ TGF-β1: There were no significant differences in TGF-β1 levles between the two groups at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after the surgery (all P>0.05). Conclusions: PRP perfusion following hysteroscopic adhesiolysis may increase the levels of PDGF-BB, VEGF-A, and IGF-1 in the uterine cavity drainage fluid, which plays a beneficial role in improving wound microvascular formation, reducing adhesion reformation, and promoting endometrial regeneration and repair.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000267', 'D015907', 'D053657', 'D000328', 'D016207', 'D004322', 'D014591', 'D014599', 'D042461', 'D007334', 'D000077214']"
38950090,Exploration of Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers Among Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic Cancer Survivors.,"To evaluate associations among social determinants of health (SDOH), stress, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and quality of life among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic cancer survivors.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000073116', 'D008875', 'D006630', 'D003430', 'D008297', 'D013315', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D001741', 'D015415', 'D011795', 'D008404', 'D015850', 'D007249', 'D011788', 'D006854', 'D000369', 'D012463']"
38949666,Droplet digital molecular beacon-LAMP assay via pico-injection for ultrasensitive detection of pathogens.,"A pico-injection-aided digital droplet detection platform is presented that integrates loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with molecular beacons (MBs) for the ultrasensitive and quantitative identification of pathogens, leveraging the sequence-specific detection capabilities of MBs. The microfluidic device contained three distinct functional units including droplet generation, pico-injection, and droplet counting. Utilizing a pico-injector, MBs are introduced into each droplet to specifically identify LAMP amplification products, thereby overcoming issues related to temperature incompatibility. Our methodology has been validated through the quantitative detection of Escherichia coli, achieving a detection limit as low as 9 copies/μL in a model plasmid containing the malB gene and 3 CFU/μL in a spiked milk sample. The total analysis time was less than 1.5 h. The sensitivity and robustness of this platform further demonstrated the potential for rapid pathogen detection and diagnosis, particularly when integrated with cutting-edge microfluidic technologies.","['D021141', 'D004926', 'D057230', 'D008892', 'D000818', 'D025202', 'D046210', 'D004269']"
38949599,Effects of endogenous testosterone on oscillatory activity during verbal working memory in youth.,"Testosterone levels sharply rise during the transition from childhood to adolescence and these changes are known to be associated with changes in human brain structure. During this same developmental window, there are also robust changes in the neural oscillatory dynamics serving verbal working memory processing. Surprisingly, whereas many studies have investigated the effects of chronological age on the neural oscillations supporting verbal working memory, none have probed the impact of endogenous testosterone levels during this developmental period. Using a sample of 89 youth aged 6-14 years-old, we collected salivary testosterone samples and recorded magnetoencephalography during a modified Sternberg verbal working memory task. Significant oscillatory responses were identified and imaged using a beamforming approach and the resulting maps were subjected to whole-brain ANCOVAs examining the effects of testosterone and sex, controlling for age, during verbal working memory encoding and maintenance. Our primary results indicated robust testosterone-related effects in theta (4-7 Hz) and alpha (8-14 Hz) oscillatory activity, controlling for age. During encoding, females exhibited weaker theta oscillations than males in right cerebellar cortices and stronger alpha oscillations in left temporal cortices. During maintenance, youth with greater testosterone exhibited weaker alpha oscillations in right parahippocampal and cerebellar cortices, as well as regions across the left-lateralized language network. These results extend the existing literature on the development of verbal working memory processing by showing region and sex-specific effects of testosterone, and are the first results to link endogenous testosterone levels to the neural oscillatory activity serving verbal working memory, above and beyond the effects of chronological age.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D008570', 'D005260', 'D000293', 'D002648', 'D013739', 'D015225', 'D001921', 'D012463', 'D001931', 'D012727']"
38948236,Using feces to indicate plastic pollution in terrestrial vertebrate species in western Thailand.,"Plastic pollution is a widespread and growing concern due to its transformation into microplastics (MPs), which can harm organisms and ecosystems. This study, aimed to identify plastic pollution in the feces of terrestrial vertebrates using convenience sampling both inside and outside protected areas in Western Thailand. We hypothesized that MPs are likely to be detectable in the feces of all vertebrate species, primarily in the form of small black fragments. We predicted varying quantities of MPs in the feces of the same species across different protected areas. Furthermore, we expected that factors indicating human presence, landscape characteristics, scat weight, and the MP abundance in water, soils, and sediments would influence the presence of plastics in feces. Among 12 terrestrial species studied, potential MPs were found in 41.11% of 90 samples, totaling 83 pieces across eight species including the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), Eld's deer (Rucervus eldii), Dhole (Cuon alpinus), Gaur (Bos gaurus), Sambar deer (Rusa unicolor), Wild boar (Sus scrofa), Northern red muntjac (Muntiacus vaginalis), and Butterfly lizard (Leiolepis belliana). Specifically, 3.61% of all potential MPs (three pieces) were macroplastics, and the remaining 96.39% were considered potential MPs with the abundance of 0.92 ± 1.89 items.scat-1 or 8.69 ± 32.56 items.100 g-1 dw. There was an association between the numbers of feces with and without potential plastics and species (χ2 = 20.88, p = 0.012). Most potential plastics were fibers (95.18%), predominantly black (56.63%) or blue (26.51%), with 74.70% smaller than two millimeters. Although there were no significant associations between species and plastic morphologies, colors, and sizes, the abundance classified by these characteristics varied significantly. FTIR identified 52.38% as natural fibers, 38.10% as synthetic fibers (rayon, polyurethane (PUR), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and PUR blended with cotton), and 9.52% as fragments of PET and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC). Human-related factors were linked to the occurrence of potential plastics found in the feces of land-dwelling wildlife. This study enhances the understanding of plastic pollution in tropical protected areas, revealing the widespread of MPs even in small numbers from the areas distant from human settlements. Monitoring plastics in feces offers a non-invasive method for assessing plastic pollution in threatened species, as it allows for easy collection and taxonomic identification without harming live animals. However, stringent measures to assure the quality are necessitated to prevent exogenous MP contamination. These findings underscore the importance of raising awareness about plastic pollution in terrestrial ecosystems, especially regarding plastic products from clothing and plastic materials used in agriculture and irrigation systems.","['D000818', 'D005243', 'D013785', 'D004784', 'D010969', 'D000080545', 'D004787', 'D014714', 'D004785', 'D006801']"
38947291,Improving colorectal cancer screening programs.,"In this editorial we comment on the article by Agatsuma et al published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology. They suggest policies for more effective colorectal screening. Screening is the main policy that has led to lower mortality rates in later years among the population that was eligible for screening. Colonoscopy is the gold standard tool for screening and has preventive effects by removing precancerous or early malignant polyps. However, colonoscopy is an invasive process, and fecal tests such as the current hemoglobin immunodetection were developed, followed by endoscopy, as the general tool for population screening, avoiding logistical and economic problems. Even so, participation and adherence rates are low. Different screening options are being developed with the idea that if people could choose between the ones that best suit them, participation in population-based screening programs would increase. Blood tests, such as a recent one that detects cell-free DNA shed by tumors called circulating tumor DNA, showed a similar accuracy rate to stool tests for cancer, but were less sensitive for advanced precancerous lesions. At the time when the crosstalk between the immune system and cancer was being established as a new hallmark of cancer, novel immune system-related biomarkers and information on patients' immune parameters, such as cell counts of different immune populations, were studied for the early detection of colorectal cancer, since they could be effective in asymptomatic people, appearing earlier in the adenoma-carcinoma development compared to the presence of fecal blood. sCD26, for example, detected 80.37% of advanced adenomas. To reach as many eligible people as possible, starting at an earlier age than current programs, the direction could be to apply tests based on blood, urine or salivary fluid to samples taken during routine visits to the primary health system.","['D006801', 'D015179', 'D055088', 'D003113', 'D008403', 'D014408', 'D009780', 'D005243', 'D000236']"
38947176,Bilothorax: A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review of the Rare Entity.,"Bilothorax is defined as the presence of bile in the pleural space. It is a rare condition, and diagnosis is confirmed with a pleural fluid-to-serum bilirubin ratio of >1.","['D005260', 'D006801', 'D001646', 'D001663', 'D010996', 'D000069258', 'D013907', 'D000368']"
38947125,Analysis of gut microecological characteristics and differences between children with biliary atresia and non-biliary atresia in infantile cholestasis.,"In infants with cholestasis, variations in the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and the gut microbiota (GM) characteristics differ between those with biliary atresia (BA) and non-BA, prompting a differential analysis of their respective GM profiles.","['D006801', 'D001656', 'D000069196', 'D002779', 'D007223', 'D001647', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012336', 'D001663', 'D001419', 'D004275', 'D005243']"
38946740,"Investigation of potentially pathogenic Vibrionaceae in Saint-Louis city, Senegal.","as cholera, due to toxigenic bacteria Vibrio cholera (serogroups O1 and O139), is a major public health threat in Africa, the aim of this work was to investigate potentially pathogenic Vibrionaceae bacteria firstly from human stool samples, and secondly from various environmental water points of Saint-Louis city in Senegal.","['D006801', 'D012675', 'D002771', 'D005243', 'D016133', 'D003967', 'D014871', 'D014737', 'D014733', 'D004269', 'D014734', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D008297']"
38946453,Prior exposure to a sensorimotor game in virtual reality does not enhance stress reactivity toward the OpenTSST VR.,"Compared to the in-person Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), virtual reality (VR) variants reduce resource-intensity and improve standardization but induce stress with smaller effect sizes. However, higher cortisol reactivity is given for more immersive TSST-VRs. Immersivity depends on the VR-system, but perceived immersion may be targeted by exposure to, or interaction with the VR. We investigated whether stress reactivity towards the openly accessible OpenTSST VR can be enhanced by prior exposure to a sensorimotor game completed in VR as mediated by increased immersion. Therefore, N = 58 healthy participants underwent the OpenTSST VR or its inbuilt control condition (placebo TSST-VR, pTSST-VR). Beforehand, participants completed a sensorimotor game either in VR or in real life. Stress was measured by means of self-reports, salivary cortisol concentrations, and salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) activity. Perceived immersion was assessed with the Igroup Presence Questionnaire (IPQ). The TSST-VR-group showed higher subjective stress than the pTSST-VR-group. Even though area under the curve measures indicated significant differences in cortisol levels between TSST-VR and pTSST-VR, this effect was not replicated in omnibus-analyses. Likewise, sAA was not responsive to stress. Our data suggests the OpenTSST VR does not reliably trigger physiological stress reactivity. Likewise, participants playing the VR-game before exposure to the TSST-VR did not show enhanced stress reactivity. Importantly, playing the VR-game did not lead to increased immersion (indicated by the IPQ), either. The key question resulting from our study is which manipulation may be fruitful to obtain a comparable stress response toward the TSST-VR compared to the in-person TSST.","['D006801', 'D013315', 'D006854', 'D008297', 'D000076142', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D012463', 'D055815', 'D018910', 'D055291']"
38946381,Diagnostic accuracy of a real-time PCR assay for detection of Helicobacter pylori and resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin directly from stool.,The non-invasive detection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and its resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin significantly improves the management of infected patients by enabling tailored eradication treatments without the need for endoscopic procedures. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of real-time PCR (RT-PCR) assays in identifying H. pylori infection and antibiotic resistance in stool and gastric biopsy specimens.,"['D006801', 'D064704', 'D017291', 'D016480', 'D005243', 'D008297', 'D060888', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D016481', 'D000900', 'D024881', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D008826']"
38946112,Role of breastfeeding in disease prevention.,"Human milk provides the infant with many bioactive factors, including immunomodulating components, antimicrobials and prebiotics, which modulate the infant microbiome and immune system maturation. As a result, breastfeeding can impact infant health from infancy, through adolescence, and into adulthood. From protecting the infant from infections, to reducing the risk of obesity, type 1 diabetes and childhood leukaemia, many positive health outcomes are observed in infants receiving breastmilk. For the mother, breastfeeding protects against postpartum bleeding and depression, increases weight loss, and long-term lowers the risk of type 2 diabetes, breast and ovarian cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Beyond infants and mothers, the wider society is also impacted because of avoidable costs relating to morbidity and mortality derived from a lack of human milk exposure. In this review, Medline was used to search for relevant articles to discuss the health benefits of breastfeeding and its societal impact before exploring future recommendations to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms behind breastfeeding's positive effects and promote breastfeeding on a global scale.","['D006801', 'D001942', 'D007223', 'D008895', 'D005260', 'D007231']"
38945618,Effects of thermal treatment on the formation and properties of whey protein isolate/whey protein hydrolysate-sodium hyaluronate complexes.,"In dairy products, the added sodium hyaluronate may form complexes with proteins, thereby affecting product properties. In the present study, the interaction between whey protein isolate (WPI)/ whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) and sodium hyaluronate (SH) was characterized under thermal treatment at different temperatures (25 ℃, 65 ℃, 90 ℃ and 121 ℃) after studying effects of protein/SH ratio and pH on complex formation. The addition of SH reduced the particle size of WPI/WPH and increased potential value in the system, with greater variation with increasing treatment temperature. The structural properties of complexes were studied. The binding with SH decreased the contents of free amino group and free thiol group, as well as the fluorescence intensity and surface hydrophobicity. FTIR results and browning intensity measurement demonstrated the formation of Maillard reaction products. Moreover, the attachment of SH improved the thermal stability of WPI/WPH and decreased their antigenicity.","['D000067816', 'D006820', 'D011492', 'D006358', 'D006863', 'D015416', 'D057927', 'D010316', 'D017550', 'D005511']"
38945613,Microbial trace based on PCR-DGGE to evaluate the ripening stage of minas artisanal cheeses from the Canastra microregion produced by different dairies.,"The Minas artisanal cheese from the Serra da Canastra (MAC-CM) microregion is a traditional product due to its production and ripening process. Artisanal chesses manufactured with raw cow's milk and endogenous dairy starters (""also known as pingo"") have distinctive flavors and other sensory characteristics because of the unknown microbiota. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiota during 30 days of ripening, the physicochemical changes, and their relation in MACs produced in two different microregions located in the Serra da Canastra microregion through culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. The MACs were collected in the cities of Bambuí (MAC-CMB) and Tapiraí (MAC-CMT) in the Canastra microregion (n = 21). Cheeses uniqueness was demonstrated with the multivariate analysis that joined the microbiota and physicochemical characteristics, mainly to the proteolysis process, in which the MAC-CMT showed deeper proteolysis (DI -T0:14.18; T30: 13.95), while the MAC-CMB reached only a primary level (EI -T0:24.23; T30: 31.10). Abiotic factors were responsible for the differences in microbial diversity between the cheese farms. Different microbial groups: the prokaryotes, like Corynebacterium variabile, Lactococcus lactis, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus; and the eukaryotes, like Kluyveromyces lactis and Diutina catenulata dominated ripening over time. The microbial community and proteolysis were responsible for the predominance of volatile groups, with alcohols predominating in MAC-CMB and free fatty acids/acids and esters in MAC-CMT.","['D002611', 'D005516', 'D016133', 'D064307', 'D058645', 'D008892', 'D000818', 'D001419', 'D013649', 'D003612', 'D005285', 'D059748']"
38945576,Impact of age on the digestion of cream cheese formulated with opposite caseins to whey proteins ratios: An in vitro study.,"Ageing leads to changes in the functionality of the digestive tract but the effect of age on digestion and absorption of nutrients remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate in vitro the digestion of two high-protein dairy products similar to cream cheese (24 % w/w proteins, 20 % w/w lipids) with opposite casein to whey protein ratios, 80:20 (WP-20), and 20:80 (WP-80). The new static digestion model adapted to the general older adult population (≥65 y.) proposed by INFOGEST was used, as well as the standard version of the protocol. Kinetics of proteolysis and lipolysis were compared between both models for each product, in the gastric and intestinal phases of digestion. In both cream cheeses, the degree of protein hydrolysis (DH-P) was significantly lower for older adults than for young adults at the end of the gastric phase (-19 % for WP-20, and -44 % for WP-80), and at the end of the intestinal phase (-16 % for WP-20, and -20 % for WP-80). The degree of lipid hydrolysis (DH-L) was also significantly lower for older adults than for young adults at the end of the digestion for WP-20 (-30 %), but interestingly it was not the case for WP-80 (similar DH-L were measured). Free fatty acids were also released faster from WP-80 than from WP-20 in both digestion conditions: after 5 min of intestinal digestion DH-L was already ≈32 % for WP-80 against 14 % for WP-20. This was attributed to the opposite casein to whey protein ratios, leading to the formation of different gel structures resulting in different patterns of deconstruction in the gastrointestinal tract. This study highlights the fact that it is essential to carefully consider the composition, structure, and digestibility of foods to develop products adapted to the specific needs of the older adult population.","['D002611', 'D000067816', 'D004063', 'D002364', 'D006801', 'D000368', 'D059748', 'D006868', 'D000328', 'D008066', 'D055815', 'D000367', 'D008954', 'D007700']"
38945575,Two-year investigation of spore-formers through the production chain at two cheese plants in Norway.,"Spore-forming bacteria are the most complex group of microbes to eliminate from the dairy production line due to their ability to withstand heat treatment usually used in dairy processing. These ubiquitous microorganisms have ample opportunity for multiple points of entry into the milk chain, creating issues for food quality and safety. Certain spore-formers, namely bacilli and clostridia, are more problematic to the dairy industry due to their possible pathogenicity, growth, and production of metabolites and spoilage enzymes. This research investigated the spore-forming population from raw milk reception at two Norwegian dairy plants through the cheesemaking stages until ripening. Samples were collected over two years and examined by amplicon sequencing in a culture independent manner and after an anaerobic spore-former enrichment step. In addition, a total of 608 isolates from the enriched samples were identified at the genus or species level using MALDI-TOF analysis. Most spore-forming isolates belong to the genera Bacillus or Clostridium, with the latter dominating the enriched MPN tubes of raw milk and bactofugate. Results showed a great variation among the clostridia and bacilli detected in the enriched MPN tubes. However, B. licheniformis and C. tyrobutyricum were identified in all sample types from both plants throughout the 2-year study. In conclusion, our results shed light on the fate of different spore-formers at different processing stages in the cheese production chain, which could facilitate targeted actions to reduce quality problems.","['D009664', 'D002611', 'D005516', 'D013171', 'D008892', 'D003013', 'D000818', 'D001407', 'D005511', 'D003612']"
38945563,Impact of quercetin conjugation using alkaline and free radical methods with tandem ultrasonication on the functional properties of camel whey and its hydrolysates.,"The structural and functional properties of whey-quercetin and whey hydrolysate-quercetin conjugates synthesized using alkaline and free radical-mediated methods (AM and FRM) coupled with sonication were studied. FTIR showed new peaks at 3000-3500 cm-1 (N-H stretching regions) and the 1000-1100 cm-1 region with the conjugates. Conjugation increased the random coils and α-helix content while decreasing the β-sheets and turns. It also increased the particle size and surface hydrophobicity which was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in AM than FRM conjugates. AM conjugates had higher radical scavenging activity but lower quercetin content than FRM conjugates. Overall, the functional properties of whey-quercetin conjugates were better than whey hydrolysate-quercetin conjugates. However, hydrolysate conjugates had significantly higher denaturation temperatures irrespective of the method of production. Sonication improved the radical scavenging activity and quercetin content of FRM conjugates while it decreased both for AM conjugates. This study suggested that whey-quercetin conjugates generally had better quality than whey hydrolysate conjugates and sonication tended to further improve these properties. This study highlights the potential for using camel whey or whey hydrolysate-quercetin conjugates to enhance the functional properties of food products in the food industry.","['D011794', 'D000818', 'D002162', 'D013010', 'D057927', 'D011492', 'D000067796', 'D000975', 'D000067816', 'D016166', 'D017550', 'D005609', 'D010316', 'D006863']"
38944867,Diet Optimization in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Impact on Disease Relapse and Inflammatory Markers. A 1-year Prospective Trial.,"Recent research has shown that Western-style diets have been associated with an increased risk of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Our aim was to examine the link between an anti-inflammatory diet and the maintenance of IBD remission, as well as to assess the potential therapeutic advantages of this dietary approach in preserving IBD remission.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D011446', 'D003424', 'D003093', 'D015415', 'D012008', 'D008875', 'D005243', 'D012074', 'D039841', 'D016896', 'D055815', 'D013997', 'D018836', 'D000072001']"
38944851,Helicobacter Pylori Prevalence in Communities from Southern Regions of Romania with Limited Access to Health Services: A Cross-sectional Study.,Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has an unknown prevalence in certain Romanian regions. We aimed to estimate it in communities from Southern regions of Romania with limited access to health services.,"['D006801', 'D003430', 'D012383', 'D016481', 'D016480', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D015995', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D006297', 'D000368', 'D055815', 'D005243', 'D000293']"
38944838,Gut microbiota-mediated polyphenol metabolism is restrained by parasitic whipworm infection and associated with altered immune function in mice.,"Polyphenols are phytochemicals commonly found in plant-based diets which have demonstrated immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the interplay between polyphenols and pathogens at mucosal barrier surfaces has not yet been elucidated in detail. Here, we show that proanthocyanidin (PAC) polyphenols interact with gut parasites to influence immune function and gut microbial-derived metabolites in mice. PAC intake inhibited mastocytosis during infection with the small intestinal roundworm Heligmosomoides polygyrus, and altered the host tissue transcriptome at the site of infection with the large intestinal whipworm Trichuris muris, with a notable enhancement of type-1 inflammatory and interferon-driven gene pathways. In the absence of infection, PAC intake promoted the expansion of Turicibacter within the gut microbiota, increased fecal short chain fatty acids, and enriched phenolic metabolites such as phenyl-γ-valerolactones in the cecum. However, these putatively beneficial effects were reduced in PAC-fed mice infected with T. muris, suggesting concomitant parasite infection can attenuate gut microbial-mediated PAC catabolism. Collectively, our results suggest an inter-relationship between a phytonutrient and infection, whereby PAC may augment parasite-induced inflammation (most prominently with the cecum dwelling T. muris), and infection may abrogate the beneficial effects of health-promoting phytochemicals.","['D000818', 'D000069196', 'D051379', 'D059808', 'D014258', 'D014257', 'D009351', 'D044945', 'D008810', 'D017206', 'D005260', 'D001419', 'D005243']"
38944737,Efficacy of Local Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Chronic Ulcer.,"Chronic non-healing ulcers present significant challenges in diabetic, dermatological and surgical patients. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), enriched with bioactive factors, offers promise for wound healing enhancement. The prospective observational study was done in the Department of Transfusion Medicine at AIIMS Bhopal for a period of two years, from April 2020 to 2022. This study evaluates PRP's efficacy, prepared via the single spin method, in non healing chronic ulcers. Aseptically, 100 ml of blood was drawn into CPDA (citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine) bags. PRP was prepared by centrifuging blood at 3400 rpm for 10 minutes, yielding PRP and buffy coat. Patient serum and 10.0% calcium gluconate were added to fibrin gel. PRP was injected around the ulcer and then dressed. Dressings were changed on the 5th, 15th and 20th days with PRP. The evaluation was done on day 30 using surface area and volume assessments. Thirteen patients aged 18-65 participated. The patients treated with single spin PRP (four females, nine males) had mean hemoglobin of 10.79±2.22gm/dL. Initial lesions (14.72cm²) significantly reduced to (8.78cm²) after application of single Spin PRP sessions (p=0.005). The PRP showed a mean platelet count of 1,527.00±192.26 × 10⁹/L. Ulcer surface area decreased from 9.87cm² to 7.56cm²; lesion volume reduced from 14.72cm³ to 8.78cm³. Platelet count differences between whole blood and PRP were significant (p<0.05). The single-spin PRP method exhibited considerable improvements in healing parameters, showcasing its potential for chronic ulcer management.","['D006801', 'D053657', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D011446', 'D000328', 'D014945', 'D000368', 'D002908', 'D000293', 'D055815', 'D012883']"
38944645,Metaproteomic portrait of the healthy human gut microbiota.,"Gut metaproteomics can provide direct evidence of microbial functions actively expressed in the colonic environments, contributing to clarify the role of the gut microbiota in human physiology. In this study, we re-analyzed 10 fecal metaproteomics datasets of healthy individuals from different continents and countries, with the aim of identifying stable and variable gut microbial functions and defining the contribution of specific bacterial taxa to the main metabolic pathways. The ""core"" metaproteome included 182 microbial functions and 83 pathways that were identified in all individuals analyzed. Several enzymes involved in glucose and pyruvate metabolism, along with glutamate dehydrogenase, acetate kinase, elongation factors G and Tu and DnaK, were the proteins with the lowest abundance variability in the cohorts under study. On the contrary, proteins involved in chemotaxis, response to stress and cell adhesion were among the most variable functions. Random-effect meta-analysis of correlation trends between taxa, functions and pathways revealed key ecological and molecular associations within the gut microbiota. The contribution of specific bacterial taxa to the main biological processes was also investigated, finding that Faecalibacterium is the most stable genus and the top contributor to anti-inflammatory butyrate production in the healthy gut microbiota. Active production of other mucosal immunomodulators facilitating host tolerance was observed, including Roseburia flagellin and lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic enzymes expressed by members of Bacteroidota. Our study provides a detailed picture of the healthy human gut microbiota, contributing to unveil its functional mechanisms and its relationship with nutrition, immunity, and environmental stressors.","['D006801', 'D000069196', 'D040901', 'D001419', 'D005243', 'D001426', 'D064368', 'D020543', 'D053858']"
38943461,Estimation of maternal and additive effect on reproduction and productive traits in Hardhenu cattle.,"The study aimed to assess performance traits in Hardhenu cattle by analysing data from 445 animals born to 59 sires and 227 dams. The investigation focused on estimating (co)variance components and genetic parameters for reproduction and production traits in dairy cattle. Results from least-squares analysis indicated a significant effect (p < .01) of the period of calving (POC) on key production traits, including first lactation milk yield (FLMY), 300-day milk yield (FLMY300), first peak yield (FPY) and total lactation milk yield (TLMY) in studied population. The least squares means for these traits were reported as follows: FLMY (2665.68 ± 45.66 kg), FLMY300 (2425.52 ± 34.41 kg), FLL (312.95 ± 3.83 days), FPY (11.52 ± 0.15 kg) and TLMY (9282.44 ± 167.03 kg) in Hardhenu cattle. In the studied population, only additive genetic variability was found to be present and there was absence of any significant maternal effect with respect to targeted traits in the resource population. Direct heritability estimates (h2) for FLMY, FLMY300, FLL, FPY, TLMY and other traits ranged from 0.03 to 0.41 in Hardhenu cattle. These findings offer valuable insights into the genetic factors influencing performance traits, contributing to the enhancement of breeding and management practices in Hardhenu cattle.","['D000818', 'D002417', 'D005260', 'D007774', 'D012098', 'D008892', 'D008297', 'D011247', 'D001947', 'D003612']"
38943206,Driving gut microbiota enterotypes through host genetics.,"Population stratification based on interindividual variability in gut microbiota composition has revealed the existence of several ecotypes named enterotypes in humans and various animal species. Enterotypes are often associated with environmental factors including diet, but knowledge of the role of host genetics remains scarce. Moreover, enterotypes harbor functionalities likely associated with varying abilities and susceptibilities of their host. Previously, we showed that under controlled conditions, 60-day-old pig populations consistently split into two enterotypes with either Prevotella and Mitsuokella (PM enterotype) or Ruminococcus and Treponema (RT enterotype) as keystone taxa. Here, our aim was to rely on pig as a model to study the influence of host genetics to assemble enterotypes, and to provide clues on enterotype functional differences and their links with growth traits.","['D000818', 'D000069196', 'D013552', 'D005243', 'D001419', 'D056186', 'D018720', 'D045857', 'D014208']"
38943170,Human milk composition and infant anthropometrics: overview of a systematic review with clinical and research implications.,"Despite global public health organizations endorsing breastfeeding or human milk (HM) as the optimal source of nutrition for infants, detailed knowledge of how HM composition influences infant growth is lacking. In this commentary we summarize and interpret the key findings of a large systematic review on HM components and child growth (N = 141 articles included). We highlight the most consistent associations, discuss study quality issues, explore socio-economic and time trends in this body of research, and identify gaps and future research directions.","['D006801', 'D008895', 'D007223', 'D001942', 'D007231', 'D007227', 'D000886', 'D005260', 'D002657']"
38943154,Venous resection increases risk of chyle leak after total pancreatectomy for pancreatic tumors.,Existing research on chyle leak (CL) after pancreatic surgery is mostly focused on pancreaticoduodenectomy and lacks investigation on total pancreatectomy (TP). This study aimed to explore potential risk factors of CL and develop a predictive model for patients with pancreatic tumor undergoing TP.,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D010190', 'D012189', 'D008875', 'D010180', 'D012307', 'D011183', 'D049451', 'D002913', 'D011379', 'D005500', 'D000368', 'D012372', 'D000328']"
38943130,Minimum milk feeding frequency and its associated factors among non-breastfed children aged 6-23 months in sub-saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis of the recent demographic and health survey data.,"Poor infant and child feeding practices, in combination with increased rates of infectious diseases, are the main immediate causes of malnutrition during the first two years of life. Non-breastfed children require milk and other dairy products, as they are rich sources of calcium and other nutrients. As far as our search is concerned, there is no evidence on the pooled magnitude and determinants of minimum milk feeding frequency among non-breastfed children in sub-Saharan Africa conducted using the most recent indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices published in 2021. Therefore, this study is intended to determine the magnitude and associated factors of minimum milk feeding frequency among non-breastfed children aged 6-23 months in sub-Saharan Africa using the most recent guideline and demographic and health survey dataset.","['D006801', 'D017954', 'D007223', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D006306', 'D055361', 'D005247', 'D000328', 'D001942', 'D008892']"
38942560,Invited review: Advances in nutrition and feed additives to mitigate enteric methane emissions.,"Methane, both enteric and from manure management, is the most important greenhouse gas from ruminant livestock, and its mitigation can deliver substantial decreases in the carbon footprint of animal products and potentially contribute to climate change mitigation. Although choices may be limited, certain feeding-related practices can substantially decrease livestock enteric CH4 emission. These practices can be generally classified into 2 categories: diet manipulation and feed additives. Within the first category, selection of forages and increasing forage digestibility are likely to decrease enteric CH4 emission, but the size of the effect, relative to current forage practices in the United States dairy industry, is likely to be minimal to moderate. An opportunity also exists to decrease enteric CH4 emissions by increasing dietary starch concentration, but interventions have to be weighed against potential decreases in milk fat yield and farm profitability. A similar conclusion can be made about dietary lipids and oilseeds, which are proven to decrease CH4 emission but can also have a negative effect on rumen fermentation, feed intake, and milk production and composition. Sufficient and robust scientific evidence indicates that some feed additives, specifically the CH4 inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol, can substantially reduce CH4 emissions from dairy and beef cattle. However, the long-term effects and external factors affecting the efficacy of the inhibitor need to be further studied. The practicality of mass-application of other mitigation practices with proven short-term efficacy (i.e., macroalgae) is currently unknown. One area that needs more research is how nutritional mitigation practices (both diet manipulation and feed additives) interact with each other and whether there is synergism among feed additives with different mode of action. Further, effects of diet on manure composition and greenhouse gas emissions during storage (e.g., emission trade-offs) have not been adequately studied. Overall, if currently available mitigation practices prove to deliver consistent results and novel, potent, and safe strategies are discovered and are practical, nutrition alone can deliver up to 60% reduction in enteric CH4 emissions from dairy farms in the United States.","['D008697', 'D000818', 'D000821', 'D004032', 'D002417', 'D008892', 'D003612']"
38941632,Association of oropharyngeal colostrum administration with decreased inflammatory indices in premature newborns weighing less than 1500 g.,"The administration of colostrum through its absorption at the oropharyngeal level stimulates the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, providing a local immunological protection barrier. The study aimed to investigate the association of oropharyngeal colostrum administration with the reduction of inflammatory indices.","['D006801', 'D003126', 'D007231', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D007234', 'D002097', 'D005865', 'D009960', 'D007249', 'D018805', 'D019102']"
38941019,Metaproteomic Analysis of Fecal Samples from Human Subjects and Rodent Models.,"Fecal metaproteomics is a useful approach to measure changes in microbial and host protein abundance and to infer which members of the gut microbiota are involved in specific functions and pathways. This chapter describes a protocol enabling analysis and characterization of fecal metaproteomes, successfully applied to human, mouse, and rat stool samples. The protocol combines mechanical and thermal treatments for protein extraction, a centrifugal filter-based procedure for cleanup and digestion, long-gradient liquid chromatography for peptide separation, and high-resolution mass spectrometry for peptide detection.","['D005243', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D040901', 'D051379', 'D051381', 'D000069196', 'D002853', 'D020543', 'D013058']"
38940878,"Peri-implant phenotype, calprotectin and MMP-8 levels in cases diagnosed with peri-implant disease.","The purpose of this prospective cohort study is to evaluate the effect of peri-implant phenotype (PPh) on the severity of peri-implant diseases and the results of non-surgical mechanical treatment (NSMT), along with calprotectin (CLP) and MMP-8(matrix metalloproteinase-8) levels.","['D006801', 'D020784', 'D005260', 'D011446', 'D057873', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D010641', 'D005883', 'D039841', 'D015921', 'D004797', 'D015415', 'D013280', 'D010512', 'D000328', 'D000368']"
38940669,Shift from Cow's Milk Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome to IgE-Mediated Allergy: Case Series and Literature Review.,"Background: Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-IgE-mediated food allergy characterized by gastrointestinal symptom onset within 1-4 hours from trigger food ingestion. In the literature, some authors have previously described the possibility that a patient with FPIES may develop an IgE-mediated allergy to the same trigger food, especially cow's milk (CM). Case Presentation: We reported five cases of CM-FPIES converting to IgE-mediated CM allergy presented at our tertiary pediatric Allergy Unit and performed a review of the literature, aiming to characterize the clinical features of patients who are at risk of developing such conversion. Conclusions: This phenomenon raises the question of whether IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated allergies represent a spectrum of the same disease and highlights the need for further investigation to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of this process.","['D006801', 'D004760', 'D016269', 'D007073', 'D005260', 'D007223', 'D008297', 'D000818', 'D008894', 'D013577', 'D002675', 'D002417', 'D008892', 'D005512']"
38940462,Characteristics of gut microbiota and serum metabolism in patients with atopic dermatitis.,"Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects 15%-30% of children and 10% of adults globally, with its incidence being influenced by genetic, environmental, and various other factors. While the immune plays a crucial role in the development, the composition of gut microbiota and serum metabolites also contribute to its pathogenesis.","['D006801', 'D003876', 'D000069196', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D005243', 'D002648', 'D055815', 'D008875', 'D000293', 'D055442', 'D041963']"
38940103,Influence of different milking methods on milk quality based on somatic cell count and basic composition.,"Correlations between the number of milk somatic cells (SCC), the number of microorganisms, and the content of basic components of milk were studied on five farms (F1-F5) with cows of the same breed, but with different milking systems.","['D000818', 'D008892', 'D003612', 'D005260', 'D002452', 'D002417', 'D007785', 'D018154', 'D008894', 'D007774']"
38940102,Molecular screening for enteric parasites and subtyping of Blastocystis sp. in haemodialysis patients in Slovakia.,"Intestinal parasitoses are important causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in immunocompromised individuals. In patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI), the accumulation of non-excreted metabolites leads to uraemia, which induces a state of immunodeficiency, increasing the incidence of infections. The aim of the study was molecular screening for enteric protozoa in patients with chronic renal insufficiency.","['D006801', 'D018154', 'D016844', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D016776', 'D006435', 'D000368', 'D016133', 'D000328', 'D051436', 'D005243', 'D007411', 'D000369']"
38939910,Investigation on Fermented Milk Quality after the Addition of Flaxseed Mucilage and the Use of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AG9.,"Flaxseed mucilage (FSM) is one of the healthy components of flaxseed. FSM is an example of a material that can be used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries due to its rheological properties. FSM consists mainly of two polysaccharides, arabinoxylan, and rhamnogalacturonan I, and it also contains protein components and minerals. The prospect of using FSM in food is due to its gelling, water binding, emulsifying, and foaming properties. In addition, valuable natural sources of phenolic compounds such as lignans, phenolic acids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, and tannins are partially extracted from flaxseed in FSM. These antioxidant components have pharmacological properties, including anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. A combination of FSM and lactobacilli in dairy foods can improve their functional properties. This study aimed to develop dairy products by adding of FSM and using two lactic acid bacteria (LAB). FSM (0.2%) was used as an ingredient to improve both the texture and antioxidant properties of the product.","['D019597', 'D048668', 'D062087', 'D048191', 'D000975', 'D043302', 'D000818', 'D008892', 'D005285']"
38938885,Rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis based on cyp141 via real-time fluorescence loop-mediated isothermal amplification (cyp141-RealAmp).,"The rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is essential for controlling tuberculosis. Methods We designed a portable thermocycler-based real-time fluorescence loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (cyp141-RealAmp) using six oligonucleotide primers derived from cyp141 to detect MTB. A combined number of 213 sputum samples (169 obtained from clinically diagnosed cases of pulmonary TB and 44 from a control group without tuberculosis) underwent Acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smear, culture, Xpert MTB/RIF assays, and cyp141-RealAmp assay.","['D009169', 'D006801', 'D021141', 'D012680', 'D025202', 'D013183', 'D014397', 'D017931', 'D005260', 'D005453', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D014376', 'D008875']"
38938519,The human milk endocannabinoidome and neonatal growth in gestational diabetes.,"Endocannabinoids and their N-acyl-ethanolamines (NAEs) and 2monoacyl-glycerols (2-MAGs) congeners are involved in the central and peripheral regulation of energy homeostasis, they are present in human milk and are associated with obesity. Infants exposed in utero to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are more likely to develop obesity. The objective of this cross-sectional study is to compare the profile of eCBome mediators in milk of women with gestational diabetes (GDM+) and without (GDM-) and to assess the association with offspring growth. The hypothesis is that the eCBome of GDM+ human milk is altered and associated with a difference in infant growth.","['D006801', 'D063388', 'D008895', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D016640', 'D007231', 'D000328', 'D003430', 'D008297', 'D007223', 'D002657']"
38938436,"Occurrence, antimicrobial resistance, and molecular characterization of Salmonella enterica from chicken products and human in Wasit Governorate of Iraq.","Salmonella infections are considered the most common foodborne pathogens responsible for zoonotic infections and food poisoning in humans and animal species such as birds. Antimicrobial resistance is considered a global anxiety because it causes human public health repercussions, as well as leads to an increase in animal morbidity and death.","['D000818', 'D019779', 'D006801', 'D002645', 'D007493', 'D000900', 'D024881', 'D008826', 'D008460', 'D005243', 'D011202', 'D012480']"
38938213,Role of the gut microbiota in cefoperazone/sulbactam-induced epilepsy in mice with chronic renal failure.,The mechanism of cefoperazone/sulbactam-induced epilepsy in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients is not yet clear. We hypothesized that cefoperazone/sulbactam-induced epilepsy could be based on two main factors: neurotoxicity caused by drug accumulation after renal failure and an abnormal gut microbiota (GM).,"['D000818', 'D002438', 'D013407', 'D051379', 'D000069196', 'D004195', 'D007676', 'D004827', 'D008297', 'D000900', 'D000069467', 'D005243']"
38937913,Determination of six short-chain fatty acids in rat feces using headspace solid-phase dynamic extraction coupled with GC-MS.,"Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are organic acids with carbon atoms less than six, released through fermentation products by intestinal microbiome, having multiple physiological activities. Considering weak acidity and high volatility, derivatization or liquid-liquid extraction is essential, which is time consuming. Headspace-solid-phase dynamic extraction (HS-SPDE) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is automated and effortless to determine SCFAs in rat feces. The extraction procedure is performed by aspirating and discharging the headspace cyclically through a steel needle, coated with an inner polyethylene glycol sorbent. The key parameters of SPDE were optimized including coating type, incubation time and temperature, and number of extraction strokes. Besides, salting-out was conducted. Then, a method by HS-SPDE-GC-MS was established and validated. It only took 3-min incubation time, 4.5 min extraction time, and 13 min chromatographic separation in a run. The recovery, linearity, limit of quantification, and stability were evaluated. Then, the proposed method was applied to analyze rat feces including 18 rats with liver injury and 23 normal controls. Mann-Whitney U test indicated that the concentrations of six SCFAs in normal rat feces were higher than those with liver injury. This method provides a choice for fast, solvent-free, automated, and high-throughput analysis of SCFAs.","['D000818', 'D008401', 'D005243', 'D051381', 'D005232', 'D052616', 'D008297', 'D017207']"
38937564,CRISPR-mediated editing of β-lactoglobulin (BLG) gene in buffalo.,"Milk is a good source of nutrition but is also a source of allergenic proteins such as α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin (BLG), casein, and immunoglobulins. The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas technology has the potential to edit any gene, including milk allergens. Previously, CRISPR/Cas has been successfully employed in dairy cows and goats, but buffaloes remain unexplored for any milk trait. In this study, we utilized the CRISPR/Cas9 system to edit the major milk allergen BLG gene in buffaloes. First, the editing efficiency of designed sgRNAs was tested in fibroblast cells using the T7E assay and Sanger sequencing. The most effective sgRNA was selected to generate clonal lines of BLG-edited cells. Analysis of 15 single-cell clones, through TA cloning and Sanger sequencing, revealed that 7 clones exhibited bi-allelic (-/-) heterozygous, bi-allelic (-/-) homozygous, and mono-allelic (-/+) disruptions in BLG. Bioinformatics prediction analysis confirmed that non-multiple-of-3 edited nucleotide cell clones have frame shifts and early truncation of BLG protein, while multiple-of-3 edited nucleotides resulted in slightly disoriented protein structures. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) method was used to produce blastocyst-stage embryos that have similar developmental rates and quality with wild-type embryos. This study demonstrated the successful bi-allelic editing (-/-) of BLG in buffalo cells through CRISPR/Cas, followed by the production of BLG-edited blastocyst stage embryos using SCNT. With CRISPR and SCNT methods described herein, our long-term goal is to generate gene-edited buffaloes with BLG-free milk.","['D000818', 'D007782', 'D002020', 'D000072669', 'D064113', 'D000094704', 'D008892', 'D005347']"
38937464,"Maternal transmission as a microbial symbiont sieve, and the absence of lactation in male mammals.","Gut microbiomes of mammals carry a complex symbiotic assemblage of microorganisms. Feeding newborn infants milk from the mammary gland allows vertical transmission of the parental milk microbiome to the offspring's gut microbiome. This has benefits, but also has hazards for the host population. Using mathematical models, we demonstrate that biparental vertical transmission enables deleterious microbial elements to invade host populations. In contrast, uniparental vertical transmission acts as a sieve, preventing these invasions. Moreover, we show that deleterious symbionts generate selection on host modifier genes that keep uniparental transmission in place. Since microbial transmission occurs during birth in placental mammals, subsequent transmission of the milk microbiome needs to be maternal to avoid the spread of deleterious elements. This paper therefore argues that viviparity and the hazards from biparental transmission of the milk microbiome, together generate selection against male lactation in placental mammals.","['D000818', 'D007774', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D013559', 'D000069196', 'D008892', 'D011247', 'D008322', 'D000072741']"
38937454,Obesity-associated microbiomes instigate visceral adipose tissue inflammation by recruitment of distinct neutrophils.,"Neutrophils are increasingly implicated in chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders. Here, we show that visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from individuals with obesity contains more neutrophils than in those without obesity and is associated with a distinct bacterial community. Exploring the mechanism, we gavaged microbiome-depleted mice with stool from patients with and without obesity during high-fat or normal diet administration. Only mice receiving high-fat diet and stool from subjects with obesity show enrichment of VAT neutrophils, suggesting donor microbiome and recipient diet determine VAT neutrophilia. A rise in pro-inflammatory CD4+ Th1 cells and a drop in immunoregulatory T cells in VAT only follows if there is a transient spike in neutrophils. Human VAT neutrophils exhibit a distinct gene expression pattern that is found in different human tissues, including tumors. VAT neutrophils and bacteria may be a novel therapeutic target for treating inflammatory-driven complications of obesity, including insulin resistance and colon cancer.","['D050152', 'D000818', 'D009765', 'D006801', 'D009504', 'D059305', 'D051379', 'D007249', 'D000069196', 'D008297', 'D008810', 'D005260', 'D005243', 'D064307', 'D018417', 'D020556']"
38937275,"Unveiling contrasts in microbiota response: A1c control improves dysbiosis in low-A1c T2DM, but fails in high-A1c cases-a key to metabolic memory?","Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with dysbiosis in the gut microbiota (MB). Individually, each medication appears to partially correct this. However, there are no studies on the response of the MB to changes in A1c. Therefore, we investigated the MB's response to intensive glycemic control.","['D006801', 'D064806', 'D003924', 'D000069196', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D006442', 'D000368', 'D005243', 'D001786', 'D005500', 'D007004', 'D000085002', 'D015415', 'D011379']"
38937257,Urinary microbiome community types associated with urinary incontinence severity in women.,"Urinary microbiome (urobiome) studies have previously reported on specific taxa and community differences in women with mixed urinary incontinence compared with controls. Therefore, a hypothesis was made that higher urinary and vaginal microbiome diversity would be associated with increased urinary incontinence severity.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D064307', 'D014621', 'D008875', 'D003430', 'D012720', 'D014549', 'D000328', 'D014556', 'D000368', 'D012336', 'D014550', 'D053202']"
38936999,Updated Review of Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia.,"Alopecia, a widespread issue affecting both genders, often manifests as androgenetic alopecia, although a thorough examination is needed to rule out other causes. This chapter focuses on the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Finasteride and minoxidil, the Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments, offer stability and in some cases improvement in scalp coverage. Platelet-rich plasma exhibits positive results as an off-label alopecia therapy. For eligible individuals, hair transplantation proves effective, using healthy follicular units to restore hair-bearing areas. Multiple options allow for the tailoring of interventions to each patient.","['D006801', 'D000505', 'D008914', 'D018120', 'D053657', 'D058891', 'D008297', 'D005260']"
38936903,Elevated VEGF-A Levels in the Aqueous Humor of Patients With Primary Open Angle Glaucoma.,The purpose of the current study was to compare the vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) levels in the aqueous humor of patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and non-glaucomatous eyes and reveal any potential statistically significant correlations.,"['D006801', 'D005902', 'D001082', 'D042461', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D012372', 'D003430', 'D011379', 'D015415']"
38935795,Evaluation of the relationship between plasma glucagon-like peptide-2 and gastrointestinal dysbiosis in canine chronic enteropathies.,"Chronic enteropathies are a common cause of morbidity in dogs and are associated with disruption of the normal gastrointestinal mucosal barrier. The objective of this prospective study was to determine the association between measures of gastrointestinal dysbiosis and plasma concentrations of glucagon-like peptide-2, a hormone responsible for normal mucosal structure, in dogs with chronic enteropathies. Fecal 16S V4 rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR via the dysbiosis index was performed on 16 healthy controls and 18 dogs with chronic enteropathy prior to and 1 month after initiation of individualized therapy. Fasting and post-prandial plasma GLP-2 concentrations were measured via ELISA in healthy dogs and chronic enteropathy dogs at both time points. Alpha and beta diversity indices, as well as bacterial population abundances were compared between groups and time-points. Principal component analysis combined with least squares regression was used to identify taxa contributing to glucagon-like peptide-2 variance among groups. While the dysbiosis index did not differ between healthy dogs and dogs with chronic enteropathy, 16S V4 genomic sequencing identified 47 operational taxonomic units that differed between the groups, all but 2 of which resolved following chronic enteropathy treatment. Principal component analysis identified 6 families and 19 genera that contributed to differences in glucagon-like peptide-2 concentrations between groups. Dysbiosis associated with chronic enteropathies in dogs may contribute to the observed lower plasma glucagon-like peptide-2 concentrations. Further research into mechanisms of microbiota impact on the enteroendocrine system is needed. Association between glucagon-like peptide-2 secretion and microbiome indices may help to guide research into future treatment strategies for dogs with chronic enteropathy.","['D004285', 'D000818', 'D053767', 'D064806', 'D004283', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000069196', 'D002908', 'D011446', 'D005243', 'D012336', 'D007410']"
38935774,Setting the boundaries-an approach to estimate the Loss Gap in dairy cattle.,"Dairy production in the UK has undergone substantial restructuring over the last few decades. Farming intensification has led to a reduction in the total numbers of farms and animals, while the average herd size per holding has increased. These ever-changing circumstances have important implications for the health and welfare of dairy cows, as well as the overall business performance of farms. For decision-making in dairy farming, it is essential to understand the underlying causes of the inefficiencies and their relative impact. The investigation of yield gaps regarding dairy cattle has been focused on specific causes. However, in addition to the risk of overestimating the impact of a specific ailment, this approach does not allow understanding of the relative contribution to the total, nor does it allow understanding of how well-described that gap is in terms of underlying causes. Using the English and Welsh dairy sectors as an example, this work estimates the Loss Gap-composed of yield losses and health expenditure - using a benchmarking approach and scenario analysis. The Loss Gap was estimated by comparing the current performance of dairy herds as a baseline with that of scenarios where assumptions were made about the milk production of cows, production costs, market prices, mortality, and expenditure related to health events. A deterministic model was developed, consisting of an enterprise budget, in which the cow was the unit, with milking herd and young stock treated separately. When constraining milk production, the model estimated an annual Loss Gap of £148 to £227 million for the whole sector. The reduction in costs of veterinary services and medicines, alongside herd replacement costs, were important contributors to the estimate with some variation between the scenarios. Milk price had a substantial impact in the estimate, with revenue from milk yield representing more than 30% of the Loss Gap, when milk price was benchmarked against that of the top performing farms. This framework provides the boundaries for understanding the relative burden from specific causes in English and Welsh dairy cattle, ensuring that the sum of the estimated losses due to particular problem does not exceed the losses from all-causes, health or non-health related.","['D000818', 'D002417', 'D003612', 'D005260', 'D008892', 'D007774']"
38935546,Restricted intake of sulfur-containing amino acids reversed the hepatic injury induced by excess Desulfovibrio through gut-liver axis.,"Diet is a key player in gut-liver axis. However, the effect of different dietary patterns on gut microbiota and liver functions remains unclear. Here, we used rodent standard chow and purified diet to mimic two common human dietary patterns: grain and plant-based diet and refined-food-based diet, respectively and explored their impacts on gut microbiota and liver. Gut microbiota experienced a great shift with notable increase in Desulfovibrio, gut bile acid (BA) levels elevated significantly, and liver inflammation was observed in mice fed with the purified diet. Liver inflammation and elevated gut BA levels also occurred in mice fed with the chow diet after receiving Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ATCC 29,577 (DSV). Restriction of sulfur-containing amino acids (SAAs) prevented liver injury mainly through higher hepatic antioxidant and detoxifying ability and reversed the elevated BA levels due to excess Desulfovibrio. Ex vivo fermentation of human fecal microbiota with primary BAs demonstrated that DSV enhanced production of secondary BAs. Higher concentration of both primary and secondary BAs were found in the gut of germ-free mice after receiving DSV. In conclusion, Restriction of SAAs in diet may become an effective dietary intervention to prevent liver injury associated with excess Desulfovibrio in the gut.","['D000818', 'D000069196', 'D051379', 'D008099', 'D006801', 'D003901', 'D008297', 'D008810', 'D001647', 'D000596', 'D004032', 'D005243', 'D013455', 'D000603']"
38935461,Analysing the interlinkage between diarrhoea and drinking water faecal contamination in India.,"Diarrhoea is one of the major waterborne diseases spread through the faecal-oral route causing over 10 million cases and over 1,000 deaths per year in India. This study critically evaluates the interlinkage between bacteriological water quality, i.e. faecal coliforms and diarrhoea cases for the three pre-pandemic years 2017, 2018 and 2019 based on multiple sources. With around 17% of households tap water connectivity as of August 2019, the majority of the Indian population depends on raw groundwater (GW) and surface water sources. For this, faecal coliform (FC) levels in surface and GW have been mapped at district levels using data from India's National Water Quality Monitoring Programme. Health Management Information System's data on diarrhoea have been used to understand the monthly and district-wise variation of diarrhoea. The trends of FC, diarrhoea inpatient cases, and diarrhoea inpatient rates have been discussed. The analysis showed issues associated with the reliability and usefulness of these datasets with 43% of total India districts with no reported FC values for the study period. This study reveals a clear gap in the interlinkage between diarrhoea and bacteriological water quality with the unavailability of granular water quality data as a major challenge.","['D003967', 'D007194', 'D060766', 'D006801', 'D014871', 'D005243', 'D060753', 'D004755', 'D014881']"
38935455,"Endotoxin, a novel biomarker for the rapid risk assessment of faecal contamination of coastal and transitional waters.","Current methods for testing water for faecal contamination rely on the culture of faecal indicator bacteria (FIB; Escherichia coli and Enterococci) that take 24-48 h, which leads to delays in taking proactive measures and poses a risk to public health. More rapid methods are therefore required. Here, we have tested a rapid, portable assay (Bacterisk) that detects the bacterial biomarker endotoxin in 30 min to quantify the bacterial biomass present, to evaluate 159 coastal water samples and to compare the results with the traditional culture of FIB. There was a significant correlation between the Bacterisk data given in endotoxin risk (ER) units and FIB culture that could accurately distinguish between poor and sufficient or good quality bathing water using the EU bathing directive values. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine the optimal ER threshold for coastal water samples, and the area under the curve was 0.9176 with a p-value of <0.0001. The optimal threshold was 7,300 ER units with a sensitivity of 95.45% and a specificity of 83.48%. In conclusion, we have shown that the Bacterisk assay provides a rapid and easy-to-use in situ method to assess bathing water quality.","['D005243', 'D004731', 'D004784', 'D012623', 'D018570', 'D015415', 'D014871', 'D001493', 'D004926', 'D060753']"
38935166,Cell-Free Supernatant of Bacillus subtilis G2B9-Q Improves Intestinal Health and Modulates Immune Response to Promote Mouse Recovery in Clostridium perfringens Infection.,"Clostridium perfringens is one of the critical causative agents causing diarrhea in piglets, with significant economic losses to the pig industry. Under normal gut microbiota homeostasis and well-managed barns, diarrhea caused by C. perfringens could be controlled. Some reports show that probiotics, such as Bacillus subtilis, are beneficial in preventing necrotic enteritis (NE) in chickens, but few reports on piglets. Clostridium perfringens was found in the piglets' diarrhea with intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in our survey. Bacillus subtilis G2B9-Q, which was isolated from the feces of healthy pigs, was found to have anti-Clostridium activity after screening. Clostridium perfringens was used to challenge mice by intraperitoneal injection for modeling to evaluate the anti-infective activity of cell-free supernatant (CFS) of B. subtilis G2B9-Q and different concentrations of B. subtilis G2B9-Q by oral administration. The results showed that G2B9-Q can mitigate intestinal lesions caused by C. perfringens infection, reduce inflammatory reactions, and modulate intestinal microbiota. The CFS of G2B9-Q can alleviate the pathological damage of intestinal tissues caused by C. perfringens infection, reduce the concentration of TNF-α and IL-10 in the sera of mice, as well as the relative expression levels of alpha toxin (CPA), perfringolysin O (PFO) toxin, IL-10, IL-22, and TNF-α in the jejunum and colon tissues, and alleviate the changes in gut microbiota structure caused by C. perfringens infection, which showed better therapeutic effects and indicated that the metabolites of G2B9-Q are essential mediators for their beneficial effects. Therefore, the CFS of G2B9-Q could potentially replace antibiotics in treating C. perfringens infection.","['D000818', 'D003015', 'D001412', 'D003016', 'D051379', 'D019936', 'D000069196', 'D007422', 'D013552', 'D003967', 'D005243', 'D004195']"
38935159,"New coccidian Eimeria iyoensis n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eucoccidiorida: Eimeriidae) in farmed ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus L.) in Ehime, Japan.","Eight Eimeria spp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) have been isolated from the ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus Linnaeus), native to the temperate zone of Asia and eastern regions of Europe. Enteric coccidiosis has become a major issue associated with the breeding of farmed pheasants for game bird release or meat production. In this study, 35 fecal samples were collected from two-to-three-month-old ring-necked pheasants from four pheasant-rearing farms in Ehime Prefecture, Japan. Microscopic examination using a saturated sugar solution technique detected numerous subspherical oocysts from the samples of one farm and ellipsoidal Eimeria phasiani Tyzzer, 1929 oocysts from the three other farms. The subspherical oocysts were artificially sporulated and measured 18.6 µm by 15.7 µm with a 1.18 shape index (n = 150). Each oocyst contained four 10.7 µm × 5.8 µm sporocysts (n = 30) and one coarse refractile polar granule; no micropyle or residua were detected. Each sporocysts contained two sporozoites with one large and one small refractile body and sparsely distributed residua. The complete, 1,443-bp cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (cox1) of this isolate exhibited low sequence identity with published Eimeria spp. sequences including E. phasiani that was previously recorded in the same area. Meanwhile, the oocyst morphology most closely resembled that of Eimeria tetartooimia Wacha, 1973, but with distinct refractile polar granules and sporocyst residua. The available GenBank cox1 sequence of E. tetartooimia exhibited a sequence identity of < 94.5% with the study isolate. Here, the coccidian isolate identified in this study represents a new Eimeria iyoensis n. sp. capable of infecting ring-necked pheasant.","['D000818', 'D004539', 'D046094', 'D007564', 'D010802', 'D033661', 'D013045', 'D005243', 'D003048']"
38935081,Improving the diagnosis of urinary tract infections by the use of enriched media and a 48-hour incubation period.,"Introduction. The absence of a gold-standard methodology for the microbiological diagnosis of urinary tract infections (UTI) has led to insufficient standardization of criteria for the interpretation of results and processing methods, particularly incubation time and culture media.Hypothesis. 48-hour incubation time period and use of blood agar enhances the sensitivity of microorganisms isolated significantly.Aim. To determine the sensitivity of blood agar and Brilliance UTI chromogenic agar, incubating for different periods (24-48 hours), for the detection of positive urine cultures.Methodoloy. Comparisons were made between all possible combinations of media and incubation times. As the gold-standard reference, we used the routine methodology of our laboratory, which involves prior screening with available clinical data, flow cytometry, sediment analysis and/or Gram staining. Screened samples were then cultured on blood agar and chromogenic agar and incubated for 48 hours. Also, based on the results of Gram staining, additional media were added in selected cases.Results. The most significant difference was found between chromogenic agar incubated for 24 hours and blood agar incubated for 48 hours, with the latter method allowing the recovery of 10.14 % more microorganisms (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, the value of performing Gram staining to guide processing was demonstrated, as it avoided the loss of at least 5.14 % of isolates.Conclusions. At least in urological and nephrological patients it is essential to include enriched culture media (blood agar) or to extend the incubation times due to the improvement of the diagnostic sensitivity of urine cultures. Gram staining also can help detect the presence of fastidious microorganisms or mixed infections, indicating whether rich and/or selective media should be included to enhance the diagnostic sensitivity of cultures. If this methodology is not followed, it should be noted that besides fastidious species, fastidious strains of Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aerugniosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia will also be missed.","['D014552', 'D006801', 'D003470', 'D013997', 'D012680', 'D001431', 'D001419', 'D000362', 'D014556']"
38955511,Twenty-year trajectories of morbidity in individuals with and without osteoarthritis.,To identify multimorbidity trajectories over 20 years among incident osteoarthritis (OA) individuals and OA-free matched references.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D010003', 'D000368', 'D013548', 'D008875', 'D000076322', 'D000328', 'D009017', 'D015994', 'D002908', 'D011446', 'D015897']"
38955473,Logistics and Interdisciplinary Expertise of a Sexual Assault Response Team: A Case Study Through Observations and Interviews.,"To more effectively respond to sexual assault in the United States, some jurisdictions have created sexual assault response teams (SARTs). SARTs involve members of multiple agencies tasked with responding to sexual assault within a jurisdiction, such as law enforcement, advocates, prosecutors, and sexual assault nurse examiners (SANEs). Despite hundreds of jurisdictions utilizing SARTs, and the Department of Justice establishing guidelines, SARTs vary across jurisdictions in their form and function. To clarify this, the current research outlines two studies to better understand the logistics and functioning of one SART. In Study 1, for over nearly 2 years, SART meetings were observed and notes were taken on representation of agencies, time spent on cases, and possible challenges. Overall, the SART met consistently, with representation of major stakeholders at each meeting. Stakeholder agencies remained consistent and most time spent in the meetings was on case review. In Study 2, 10 members of SART were interviewed to assess perceptions of SART. These interviews were independently qualitatively coded for both factual and thematic codes. Areas of focus included perceived logistics of the SART and expertise of members that make up an effective SART. Overall, on average, members had been part of the SART for 3.5 years, felt required to attend the meetings as part of their role, and shared that all members (i.e., law enforcement, district attorney, victim advocates, and SANEs) had expertise on differing subjects that effectively made the SART work well. Importantly, qualitative perceptions from members of the SART (Study 2) lined up with the independent observation of SART meetings (Study 1). Ultimately, the results from this body of research could delineate specific actions that a jurisdiction implementing a SART could utilize.","['D006801', 'D012742', 'D014481', 'D035846', 'D005260', 'D019548', 'D007407', 'D008297']"
38955472,The Labor Market Integration of Women Having Suffered Gender Violence: Some Critical Questions.,"The integration of women victims of gender-based violence (WVGBV) in the labor market is key to women's autonomy and empowerment. After pursuing some personal stability in different domains (emotional, physical, relational, etc.), these women require a further step toward recovery, which is often related to financial independence and, therefore, to their integration in the labor market. In this article, we describe the results of a study that focused on the actions aimed at integrating WVGBV into the labor market in the region of Andalusia (Spain). Based on a qualitative methodology, we collected the narratives and perspectives of the different actors involved in these processes (public administrations, nongovernmental organizations, the business world, and the WVGBV). The results revealed a series of deficiencies in social intervention methodologies that can sometimes lead to greater social exclusion. In conclusion, we believe that more participatory methodologies in their design, incorporating the views of woman themselves, are necessary.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000074386', 'D013030', 'D000328', 'D004651', 'D019548', 'D036301', 'D018585']"
38955447,Decision making for people living with HIV/AIDS using the theory of innovation diffusion model at the Western Provident Association Turen Foundation.,To describe how people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) make decisions using the diffusion of innovation theory model. Decisions occur when individual decision makers engage in activities that guide choices to adopt or reject a particular innovation.,"['D006801', 'D015658', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D003430', 'D003657', 'D007214', 'D004059', 'D000163', 'D011795', 'D008875', 'D008962', 'D055815']"
38955443,Incidence and predictive factors of bleeding following tonsillectomy among pediatrics: A retrospective cohort study.,To estimate the incidence of post tonsillectomy bleeding and to identify its predisposing factors among the pediatric population.,"['D006801', 'D014068', 'D012189', 'D019106', 'D002648', 'D015994', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000293', 'D012529', 'D002675', 'D012307', 'D000367', 'D015331', 'D010149', 'D016015', 'D007223']"
38955411,The lived experiences of transgender and gender-diverse people in accessing publicly funded penile-inversion vaginoplasty in Canada.,"Canada's health care systems underserve people who are transgender and gender diverse (TGD), leading to unique disparities not experienced by other patient groups, such as in accessing gender-affirmation surgery. We sought to explore the experiences of TGD people seeking and accessing gender-affirmation surgery at a publicly funded hospital in Canada to identify opportunities to improve the current system.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D063106', 'D008297', 'D014621', 'D010413', 'D008875', 'D036301', 'D002170', 'D057830', 'D009864']"
38955402,Intercurrent infection as a risk factor for disease flares in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.,To determine whether intercurrent infections are a risk factor for subsequent disease flares in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).,"['D006801', 'D008180', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D012307', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D007239', 'D016016', 'D015994', 'D000067251', 'D009426', 'D012042', 'D015331', 'D012008']"
38955369,Commonalities and differences in injured patient experiences of accessing and receiving quality injury care: a qualitative study in three sub-Saharan African countries.,To understand commonalities and differences in injured patient experiences of accessing and receiving quality injury care across three lower-income and middle-income countries.,"['D006801', 'D006297', 'D036301', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D011787', 'D014947', 'D012432', 'D055815', 'D005869', 'D013019', 'D000293', 'D017954', 'D000368', 'D012424', 'D007407']"
38955235,Reform des Kapitels 32 (Laboratoriumsmedizin) im einheitlichen Bewertungsmaßstab (EBM).,Am 11.04.2024 hat die Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung neue Kostenpauschalen für die Labordiagnostik und eine Anpassung des laborärztlichen Honorars veröffentlich; dies ist im Internet einsehbar (https://www.kbv.de/html/1150_68777.php).,"['D006801', 'D005858']"
38956274,A bayesian spatio-temporal dynamic analysis of food security in Africa.,"Exploring the factors influencing Food Security and Nutrition (FSN) and understanding its dynamics is crucial for planning and management. This understanding plays a pivotal role in supporting Africa's food security efforts to achieve various Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Utilizing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on data from the FAO website, spanning from 2000 to 2019, informative components are derived for dynamic spatio-temporal modeling of Africa's FSN Given the dynamic and evolving nature of the factors impacting FSN, despite numerous efforts to understand and mitigate food insecurity, existing models often fail to capture this dynamic nature. This study employs a Bayesian dynamic spatio-temporal approach to explore the interconnected dynamics of food security and its components in Africa. The results reveal a consistent pattern of elevated FSN levels, showcasing notable stability in the initial and middle-to-late stages, followed by a significant acceleration in the late stage of the study period. The Democratic Republic of Congo and Ethiopia exhibited particularly noteworthy high levels of FSN dynamicity. In particular, child care factors and undernourishment factors showed significant dynamicity on FSN. This insight suggests establishing regional task forces or forums for coordinated responses to FSN challenges based on dynamicity patterns to prevent or mitigate the impact of potential food security crises.","['D001499', 'D000082302', 'D006801', 'D000349', 'D062211', 'D005523', 'D025341', 'D009752']"
38954807,Efficacy of an Artificial Intelligence App (Aysa) in Dermatological Diagnosis: Cross-Sectional Analysis.,"Dermatology is an ideal specialty for artificial intelligence (AI)-driven image recognition to improve diagnostic accuracy and patient care. Lack of dermatologists in many parts of the world and the high frequency of cutaneous disorders and malignancies highlight the increasing need for AI-aided diagnosis. Although AI-based applications for the identification of dermatological conditions are widely available, research assessing their reliability and accuracy is lacking.","['D006801', 'D003430', 'D001185', 'D012871', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D063731', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D012680', 'D015203', 'D007194', 'D000293', 'D003880', 'D000368', 'D055815', 'D003937', 'D002648']"
38954717,"Clinical characteristics and factors associated with long COVID among post-acute COVID-19 clinic patients in Zambia, August 2020 to January 2023: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study design.","A number of seroprevalence studies in Zambia document the extent of spread of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, yet knowledge gaps still exist on symptoms and conditions that continue or develop after acute COVID-19 (long COVID). This is an important gap given the estimated prevalence of long COVID in other African countries. We assessed factors associated with long COVID at the initial visit to a post-acute COVID-19 (PAC-19) clinic and longitudinally among a cohort of patients with ≥2 review visits.","['D006801', 'D015024', 'D000086382', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D003430', 'D008137', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D000086402', 'D000094024', 'D000368', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D015897', 'D012307', 'D015995']"
38955741,[Research progress on the driving factors and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance production and spread from the perspective of One Health].,"Antimicrobial resistance poses a serious threat to public health and is one of the major challenges worldwide. As global social, economic, and environmental changes lead to increased exposure of populations to antimicrobials, the antimicrobial resistance of pathogens has accelerated and resulted in weakened clinical infection treatment effects. This article reviews the main mechanisms and driving factors of the production and spread of antimicrobial resistance from the perspective of ""One Health""and discusses methods and strategies for controlling antimicrobial resistance from multiple dimensions. It also looks forward to the prospects of research and prevention of drug resistance to explore antimicrobial resistance prevention and control strategies based on ""One Health"".","['D006801', 'D000074823', 'D011634', 'D000900', 'D024881']"
38954710,Global incidence and mortality of childhood leukemia and its relationship with the Human Development Index.,"Childhood leukemia (CL) is a major global concern, accounting for 33% of all new cancer cases and 31% of all cancer deaths in children aged 0-14 years. Our study aimed to analyze the global incidence and mortality rates of CL in 2020 and its relationship with the Human Development Index (HDI).","['D006801', 'D002648', 'D007223', 'D008297', 'D002675', 'D005260', 'D015994', 'D000293', 'D007938', 'D007231', 'D014943']"
38954675,A global perspective of advanced practice nursing research: A review of systematic reviews.,"The World Health Organization (WHO) called for the expansion of all nursing roles, including advanced practice nurses (APNs), nurse practitioners (NPs) and clinical nurse specialists (CNSs). A clearer understanding of the impact of these roles will inform global priorities for advanced practice nursing education, research, and policy.","['D006801', 'D057179', 'D015399', 'D014943']"
38954087,Assessment of heavy metal contamination in leafy vegetables: implications for public health and regulatory measures.,"Heavy metal contamination in leafy vegetables poses significant health risks, highlighting the urgent need for stringent monitoring and intervention measures to ensure food safety and mitigate potential adverse effects on public health. This study investigates the levels of heavy metals, including cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu), in locally grown and commercially available leafy vegetables, comparing them to the safety limits established by WHO/FAO. The results revealed that levels of Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb in the vegetables exceeded WHO/FAO limits, while Zn and Cu remained within permissible bounds. Marketed vegetables exhibited higher metal concentrations than those from nearby farms. For Cu (0.114-0.289 mg/kg) and Zn (0.005-0.574 mg/kg), the daily intake of metals (DIM) was below the dietary intake (DI) and upper limit (UL). Cd's DIM (0.031-0.062 mg/kg) remained below the UL but exceeded the DI. Marketed kale and mint surpassed both DI and UL limits for Ni, while local produce only exceeded the DI. All vegetables had DIM below the DI, except for mint and kale. For Pb, every vegetable exceeded DI limits, with market samples contributing significantly. Cr's DIM ranged from 0.028 to 1.335 mg/kg, for which no set maximum daily intake exists. The health risk index (HRI) values for Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Pb suggested potential health risks associated with leafy greens, while Cr's HRI was below 1. The study underscores the need for stringent monitoring and intervention measures to mitigate the health risks posed by heavy metal contamination in leafy vegetables. These findings suggest that consuming these leafy greens may put consumers at considerable risk for health problems related to Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn exposure.","['D019216', 'D014675', 'D005506', 'D004784', 'D011634', 'D012989', 'D006801', 'D018570']"
38953816,The Human Papillomavirus Enigma: A Narrative Review of Global Variations in Oropharyngeal Cancer Epidemiology and Prognosis.,"Oropharyngeal cancers (OPCs) in Asia account for 42% of the global burden and over 50% of related deaths. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is involved in over 70% of OPC cases in the Western hemisphere, but its role in the Eastern hemisphere is unclear. This study reviews OPC epidemiology, including prevalence, etiological factors (such as smokeless tobacco and HPV), and their interaction. Among the SEAR countries, India had the highest incidence of HPV-related OPCs at 38.4%, while data were unavailable for most African countries, with only a 14% incidence reported. Conversely, the American region exhibited one of the highest HPV positivity rates, reaching up to 65% in different states of the USA, while Brazil reported an incidence of up to 38%. In the European Union, the UK had the highest incidence of HPV-associated OPC, reaching up to 52%. In the Western Pacific region, New Zealand demonstrated the highest incidence at up to 78%. Smokeless tobacco consumption was higher in SEAR countries, which had a relatively lower incidence of HPV infection, suggesting a negative correlation between the two. Based on our literature search, the most common detection methods used globally are immunohistochemistry for p16 and polymerized chain reaction. OPCs are a global health concern, and proper identification and classification are vital. HPV-driven cancers have better survival rates, emphasizing the need for focused research on specific problem areas based on the burden of HPV-positive or HPV-negative cancers.","['D006801', 'D009959', 'D030361', 'D014943', 'D015994', 'D011379', 'D015995', 'D014030', 'D027383', 'D000094302']"
38952735,"The urgent need to extend the appropriate use of ultrasound in Africa and worldwide. Overview, experiences and perspectives.","It is known that in African countries the health condition is problematic, both from a diagnostic and therapeutic point of view. Patients have to travel long distances to access medical care. Many cannot afford the cost of transportation to a medical facility. Ultrasound its into the scenario of healthcare imaging with limited resources, as an effective, economical, repeatable diagnostic tool, requiring low maintenance. Ultrasound tools in fact are relatively cheap and machines are easy to move, making them adapt to be taken to a rural setting where they are most needed. However ultrasound exams are not easy to perform and they need an adequate training. The spread of POCUS (point-of-care ""focused"" ultrasound) worldwide could be useful in Africa to identify high-risk patients. These cases selected in rural setting by POCUS can be referred to hospitals for further treatment. To deal with these situations it is necessary to form doctors and/or paramedical staff capable of guaranteeing a qualitatively adequate service. Therefore the need for basic training is greater in developing countries. Sharing successful educational strategies should advance the integration of ultrasound into the university medical school curricula. This will ensure that recently qualified doctors can practice their basic skills accurately and independently.","['D006801', 'D014463', 'D000349', 'D019095', 'D003906', 'D014943', 'D006297']"
38952398,Combining Nuclear Medicine With Other Modalities: Future Prospect for Multimodality Imaging.,"This meeting report summarizes a consultants meeting that was held at International Atomic Energy Agency Headquarters, Vienna, in July 2022 to provide an update on the development of multimodality imaging by combining nuclear medicine imaging agents with other nonradioactive molecular probes and/or biomedical imaging techniques.","['D009683', 'D064847', 'D006801']"
38952204,Deconstructing nursing's paradoxical relationship with the concept of complexity.,"Although nursing seems to understand itself and its practice as complex, the literature is less clear about what this actually means. While complexity is discussed as an attribute of nursing, it is also suggested that complexity in nursing remains misunderstood and poorly articulated, is devalued, is not considered as a measure of health outcomes and remains invisible. Despite the overarching lack of a definition, some nurse scholars have conceptualized complexity as a complex intervention. For these authors, complexity becomes a complex intervention defined as that which is composed of component parts interacting in a variety of ways that influence the delivery of and outcomes of health-related interventions for populations. Conceptualizing complexity as a complex intervention forces nursing to embrace and adopt a received interpretation of complexity as expressed through complexity theory and complexity science. While complexity theory may afford us some tools for thinking about complexity, when we deconstruct nursing complexity to explicitly determinate and quantifiable tasks, this artificially narrowed orientation to complexity reveals an oversimplified explanation of the complexities associated with nursing and serves to blind us to its real qualities. Through a consideration of complexity from a Western philosophical tradition, I demonstrate that when nursing adopts the received interpretation of complexity as a complex intervention, this perspective on complexity contains nursing epistemologically and ontologically. I offer an extended conceptualization of complexity framed upon the consideration that nurses assume complexity and do not reduce it; that nurses have the capacity to not be paralysed by complexity and have developed logics to mobilize it in productive ways. Mobilizing complexity through navigating paradox and contradiction shapes an orientation to complexity that embraces an extended epistemology. This extended epistemology is characterized by a 'yes/and' mindset that expresses the dynamic and generative relationship between forms of knowledge which reflects complexity that characterizes nursing.","['D006801', 'D003210', 'D009729']"
38951869,Referrals for rheumatologic evaluation following a positive antinuclear antibody test result. A cross-sectional single center Brazilian study.,"In general, patients are referred for rheumatological evaluation due to isolated laboratory abnormalities, especially antinuclear antibody (ANA) positivity, with the risk of more severe patients remaining on the waiting list for longer than desired. The aim of this study was to analyze the demographic, clinical, and laboratory information of patients referred to a specialized rheumatological care unit because of positive antinuclear antibody.","['D006801', 'D000974', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D012017', 'D003430', 'D001938', 'D012189', 'D000328', 'D012216', 'D012219', 'D008180', 'D000368']"
38951547,Deploying an asthma dashboard to support quality improvement across a nationally representative sentinel network of 7.6 million people in England.,"Every year, there are ~100,000 hospital admissions for asthma in the UK, many of which are potentially preventable. Evidence suggests that carefully conceptualised and implemented audit and feedback (A&F) cycles have the potential to improve clinical outcomes for those with chronic conditions. We wanted to investigate the technical feasibility of developing a near-real time asthma dashboard to support A&F interventions for asthma management in primary care. We extracted cross-sectional data on asthma from 756 participating GP practices in the Oxford-Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre (RCGP RSC) database in England comprising 7.6 million registered people. Summary indicators for a GP practice were compared to all participating RCGP RSC practices using practice-level data, for the week 6-12th-Mar-2023. A weekly, automated asthma dashboard with features that can support electronic-A&F cycles that compared key asthma indicators for a GP practice to RCGP RSC could be created ( https://tinyurl.com/3ydtrt85 ): 12-weeks-incidence 0.4% vs 0.4%, annual prevalence 6.1% vs 6.7%, inhaled relievers to preventer 1.2 vs 1.1, self-management plan given 83.4% vs 60.8%, annual reviews 36.8% vs 57.3%, prednisolone prescriptions 2.0% vs 3.2%, influenza vaccination 56.6% vs 55.5%, pneumococcal vaccination ever (aged ≥65 years) 90.2% vs 84.1% and current smokers 14.9% vs 14.8%. Across the RCGP RSC, the rate of hospitalisations was 0.024%; comparative data had to be suppressed for the study practice because of small numbers. We have successfully created an automated near real-time asthma dashboard that can be used to support A&F initiatives to improve asthma care and outcomes in primary care.","['D006801', 'D001249', 'D004739', 'D058996', 'D003430', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D011320', 'D000368', 'D000293', 'D055815', 'D002648', 'D058006']"
38951291,Effectiveness of mHealth intervention for trismus exercise in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing proton and heavy ion therapy: a randomized control trial.,"This study aimed to compare the effects of a mobile health intervention based on social cognitive theory with standard care on maximal mouth opening, exercise compliance, and self-efficacy in patients receiving proton and heavy ion therapy for head and neck cancer.","['D006801', 'D006258', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D061766', 'D020377', 'D017216', 'D014313', 'D063193', 'D005081', 'D000368', 'D010349', 'D000328']"
38951214,A cancer-targeted glutathione-gated probe for self-sufficient ST/CDT combination therapy and FRET-based miRNA imaging.,"A cancer-targeted glutathione (GSH)-gated theranostic probe (CGT probe) for intracellular miRNA imaging and combined treatment of self-sufficient starvation therapy (ST) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) was developed. The CGT probe is constructed using MnO2 nanosheet (MS) as carrier material to adsorb the elaborately designed functional DNAs. It can be internalized by cancer cells via specific recognition between the AS1411 aptamer and nucleolin. After CGT probe entering the cancer cells, the overexpressed GSH, as gate-control, can degrade MS to Mn2+ which can be used for CDT by Fenton-like reaction. Simultaneously, Mn2+-mediated CDT can further cascade with the enzyme-like activities (catalase-like activity and glucose oxidase-like activity) of CGT probe, achieving self-sufficient ST/CDT synergistic therapy. Meanwhile, the anchored DNAs are released, achieving in situ signal amplification via disubstituted-catalytic hairpin assembly (DCHA) and FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) imaging of miR-21. The in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that accurate and sensitive miRNA detection can be achieved using the CGT probe. Overall, the ingenious CGT probe opens a new avenue for the development of early clinical diagnosis and cancer therapy.","['D035683', 'D006801', 'D005978', 'D031541', 'D000818', 'D017895', 'D010087', 'D052157', 'D051379', 'D008819', 'D000068936', 'D000097796', 'D009369', 'D049329', 'D009838', 'D008807', 'D005456']"
38950547,[Green Nephrology - What does this mean for dialysis procedures?].,"In times in which climate change is becoming increasingly noticeable in the everyday lives of the global population, a rethinking towards an environmentally friendly and climate-neutral way of life is essential in all areas of human activity (including medicine). In the field of nephrology, a reorientation of resource-intensive renal replacement therapy is therefore absolutely necessary, keyword ""green nephrology"". To this end, awareness of the CO2 emissions caused in the field of nephrology must first be raised so that CO2 savings can then be implemented efficiently. Initially using the current conventional dialysis procedures. In addition, further technical developments such as portable and wearable haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis machines will enable significant savings in energy and water consumption in the future. Furthermore, innovative research approaches are introducing new alternatives to organ transplantation, such as xenotransplantation, stem cell research and ""artificial"" organ replacement.A wide variety of promising approaches is therefore available for the renal replacement therapy of the future. The aim of nephrology must now be to drive forward further development and implement it in such a way that environmentally friendly patient care in nephrology is possible in the near future in order to make our contribution to climate protection while at the same time ensuring the treatment and its quality.","['D006801', 'D057231', 'D009398', 'D006435']"
38950323,When Will Real-World Data Fulfill Its Promise to Provide Timely Insights in Oncology?,"Randomized trials provide high-quality, internally consistent data on selected clinical questions, but lack generalizability for the aging population who are most often diagnosed with cancer and have comorbid conditions that may affect the interpretation of treatment benefit. The need for high-quality, relevant, and timely data is greater than ever. Promising solutions lie in the collection and analysis of real-world data (RWD), which can potentially provide timely insights about the patient's course during and after initial treatment and the outcomes of important subgroups such as the elderly, rural populations, children, and patients with greater social health needs. However, to inform practice and policy, real-world evidence must be created from trustworthy and comprehensive sources of RWD; these may include pragmatic clinical trials, registries, prospective observational studies, electronic health records (EHRs), administrative claims, and digital technologies. There are unique challenges in oncology since key parameters (eg, cancer stage, biomarker status, genomic assays, imaging response, side effects, quality of life) are not recorded, siloed in inaccessible documents, or available only as free text or unstructured reports in the EHR. Advances in analytics, such as artificial intelligence, may greatly enhance the ability to obtain more granular information from EHRs and support integrated diagnostics; however, they will need to be validated purpose by purpose. We recommend a commitment to standardizing data across sources and building infrastructures that can produce fit-for-purpose RWD that will provide timely understanding of the effectiveness of individual interventions.","['D006801', 'D008495', 'D009369', 'D057286', 'D012042']"
38950307,The COVID-19 Pandemic Led To A Large Decline In Physician Gross Revenue Across All Specialties In 2020.,"US health care use declined during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Although utilization is known to have recovered in 2021 and 2022, it is unknown how revenue in 2020-22 varied by physician specialty and practice setting. This study linked medical claims from a large national federation of commercial health plans to physician and practice data to estimate pandemic-associated impacts on physician revenue (defined as payments to eligible physicians) by specialty and practice characteristics. Surgical specialties, emergency medicine, and medical subspecialties each experienced a greater than 9 percent adjusted gross revenue decline in 2020 relative to prepandemic baselines. By 2022, pathology and psychiatry revenue experienced robust recovery, whereas surgical and oncology revenue remained at or below baseline. Revenue recovery in 2022 was greater for physicians practicing in hospital-owned practices and in practices participating in accountable care organizations. Pandemic-associated revenue recovery in 2021 and 2022 varied by specialty and practice type. Given that physician financial instability is associated with health care consolidation and leaving practice, policy makers should closely monitor revenue trends among physicians in specialties or practice settings with sustained gross revenue reductions during the pandemic.","['D000086382', 'D006801', 'D014481', 'D010820', 'D058873', 'D008511', 'D000086402', 'D013038']"
38950098,Fertility Preservation in Individuals With Cancer.,"The position statement on fertility preservation was produced through collaborative efforts among the Association of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Nurses, Canadian Association of Nurses in Oncology/Association canadienne des.","['D006801', 'D059247', 'D009369', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D002170', 'D009859', 'D000328', 'D000073116', 'D002648', 'D017410', 'D000293']"
38950097,Precision Health Symptom Science in Oncology Nursing.,"Precision health is an emerging approach to predicting, preventing, treating, and managing disease. A goal of precision health symptom science research is the reliable prediction of patients' symptom burden to optimize robu.","['D006801', 'D009859', 'D057285', 'D009369', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D063189']"
38949875,Fragile X Syndrome: A Review for General Pediatricians.,"Fragile X syndrome is the most commonly inherited form of intellectual disability. Identifying fragile X syndrome at a young age can be quite challenging because the classical physical features usually present in late childhood or early adolescence; therefore, it is important to consider genetic testing for all males with unexplained developmental delays, intellectual disability, and autism, females with developmental delays, intellectual disability or autism, and a family history of fragile X gene disorders. There is no specific treatment to manage fragile X syndrome. Still, a prompt referral for early intervention is essential to help maximize the child's learning potential, as well as a referral to child psychology if any behavioral concerns are present. It is of paramount importance for families with a history of fragile X syndrome to have access to genetic counseling as it can aid in future reproductive decisions and the risk of future recurrences of this condition. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(7):e269-e271.].","['D005600', 'D006801', 'D002648', 'D008297', 'D005820', 'D005260', 'D005817', 'D000072143', 'D000293', 'D010372']"
38949802,Nurse Manager's Guide to Life Safety Code for Dialysis Facilities.,"The importance of the Life Safety Code (LSC) cannot be understated. The LSC is composed of a set of components, measures, and protocols with the overarching goal of protecting and preserving human life. This article describes the LSC survey process in dialysis facilities. Ensuring the physical plant and its infrastructure is critical for patient safety. The survey tasks, provider, and building management responsibilities are reviewed. Implications for nephrology nursing regarding survey readiness and best practices for an LSC survey are discussed.","['D006435', 'D006801', 'D061214', 'D009718', 'D064647', 'D017751', 'D014481']"
38949801,Nursing Roles in Nephrology.,"Numerous nursing roles in a variety of work environments are available to nurses specializing in nephrology nursing. This article describes the various roles and work settings available to nurses new to nephrology and experienced nephrology nurses, intending to promote awareness of the specialty and increase the number of nurses working in nephrology. The information provided can be shared with those working within the specialty, and be included in nephrology nursing recruitment and retention strategies implemented to address the current and future anticipated nephrology nursing void.","['D064647', 'D024802', 'D006801', 'D014481', 'D009398']"
38949800,The Art of Delegation.,"The nurse staffing crisis requires nurses and administrators to think differently about how to get things done. Delegation is key to doing more work with fewer registered nurses (RNs) and retaining current RN staff. Responsibility for effective delegation does not rest solely with the RN but begins with the institution, and includes both the delegator and delegatee. While effective delegation has often been referred to as an art, knowing the science behind delegation can aid in honing a skill necessary for top of license practice.","['D006801', 'D032022', 'D009741', 'D014481', 'D010561', 'D064647']"
38949799,A Manager's Guide to Survey Readiness.,Nurse leaders play a critical part in supporting the safety of patients and their staff. Their guidance in establishing a robust safety culture and engagement in preparing their organizations for the survey is important in eliminating patient harm. Ensuring the dialysis facility and staff are survey-ready promotes a culture dedicated to patient wellbeing and safety. This article describes the survey process in dialysis facilities and provides survey tips to guide nurse managers in being survey-ready every day.,"['D009718', 'D006801', 'D011795', 'D006435', 'D064647']"
38949797,Embracing Transformational Leadership in Nephrology Nursing.,"In nephrology nursing, effective leadership ensures optimal patient care and cohesive teamwork. Despite this, nurses often overlook their leadership potential, leading to underrepresentation in health care leadership roles. This article explores the significance of nursing leadership in nephrology care and delves into the principles of transformational leadership as a fitting approach. Transformational leadership emphasizes inspiring and motivating teams toward shared goals, fostering innovation, and individualized consideration. Each aspect of transformational leadership is discussed, including how it can be applied to nephrology nursing leaders, emphasizing their role in shaping organizational culture, promoting home modalities, and fostering professional development. By embracing transformational leadership, nephrology nursing can enhance patient outcomes, address workforce challenges, and cultivate a new generation of influential leaders. This article advocates for adopting transformational leadership to meet the evolving needs of nephrology care and supporting the professional growth of nephrology nurses in leadership roles.","['D007857', 'D064647', 'D006801']"
38949796,Acute Nephrology Nurse Managers and Medical Directors: The Roles and Relationships to Produce Quality in the Unit.,"Nurse managers and medical directors play integral roles in ensuring the delivery of high-quality care. Nurse managers oversee day-to-day operations, coordinating staffing, patient care, and resource allocation. They are responsible for fostering a supportive environment for nursing staff while upholding standards of excellence in patient care. Medical directors bring their clinical expertise and leadership, guiding treatment protocols and ensuring adherence to best practices. Together, nurse managers and medical directors form a dynamic partnership in which collaboration is paramount. By synergizing their respective strengths, nurse managers and medical directors can optimize patient outcomes, streamline processes, and drive continuous improvement initiatives. Effective communication and mutual respect are foundational to this collaboration because they work hand-in-hand to navigate complex medical challenges and uphold standards of excellence. In this symbiotic relationship, the ultimate goal is to produce quality care that enhances patient well-being and satisfaction.","['D009718', 'D006801', 'D008486', 'D064647', 'D024802', 'D011787', 'D007400', 'D007857']"
38949781,Challenges and opportunities in access to care for systemic lupus erythematosus patients across Europe and worldwide.,"SLE presents significant challenges for patients and health-care professionals (HCPs), both across Europe and worldwide. Improving health-care outcomes for patients with SLE requires a comprehensive understanding of patient disease pathways. In particular, the geographical distance between SLE patients and specialized care centres, combined with the scarcity of rheumatologists, exacerbates delays in diagnosis and management. Also, the initial SLE symptoms can often be non-specific, and providing guidelines for primary HCPs and other non-specialists is extremely important. Improvement in access to treatment is also important, with several recently approved therapies for SLE not being available in several European countries and many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Furthermore, in the LMICs in which these treatments are available, they are not always covered by the health-care system, making their access almost impossible for those of lower socio-economic status. A number of provisions are already in place within the European Union, to improve access to care for patients with rare and complex diseases, including those with SLE. In particular, European Reference Networks (ERNs), such the ERN for Autoimmune Diseases ReCONNET, are virtual networks involving HCPs across Europe with the aim of improving the care of patients with rare and complex diseases that require highly specialized treatment and a concentration of knowledge and resources. In addition, lupus patient organizations such as Lupus Europe play a crucial role in raising awareness of SLE and advocating for improved access to care. Together, we can work towards a future where all people living with lupus receive the comprehensive and timely care they deserve.","['D006801', 'D008180', 'D006297', 'D005060', 'D014943']"
38953982,Systemic delivery of oncolytic herpes virus using CAR-T cells enhances targeting of antitumor immuno-virotherapy.,"Recent studies have indicated that combining oncolytic viruses with CAR-T cells in therapy has shown superior anti-tumor effects, representing a promising approach. Nonetheless, the localized delivery method of intratumoral injection poses challenges for treating metastatic tumors or distal tumors that are difficult to reach. To address this obstacle, we employed HSV-1-infected CAR-T cells, which systemically delivery HSV into solid tumors. The biological function of CAR-T cells remained intact after loading them with HSV for a period of three days. In both immunocompromised and immunocompetent GBM orthotopic mouse models, B7-H3 CAR-T cells effectively delivered HSV to tumor lesions, resulting in enhanced T-cell infiltration and significantly prolonged survival in mice. We also employed a bilateral subcutaneous tumor model and observed that the group receiving intratumoral virus injection exhibited a significant reduction in tumor volume on the injected side, while the group receiving intravenous infusion of CAR-T cells carrying HSV displayed suppressed tumor growth on both sides. Hence, CAR-THSV cells offer notable advantages in the systemic delivery of HSV to distant tumors. In conclusion, our findings emphasize the potential of CAR-T cells as carriers for HSV, presenting significant advantages for oncolytic virotherapy targeting distant tumors.","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D050130', 'D006801', 'D050504', 'D016219', 'D000076962', 'D018259', 'D023041', 'D045744', 'D013601', 'D005260', 'D005909']"
38953882,Pump up the volume.,An influx of water molecules can help immune cells called neutrophils to move to where they are needed in the body.,"['D009504', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D014867']"
38953677,[Not Available].,"Smudge cells can be defined as ruptured or destroyed cells - most commonly lymphocytes where cytoplasm and nuclei get smudged during smear test of the patient's blood/preparation of slides. When finding smudge cells, it is recommended to control the lab work frequently. If a persistent or higher number of smudge cells are found during 3 months, it should lead to a referral to the hematologist. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of smudge cells and conditions in which they can be found, as well as management of the findings.","['D006801', 'D008214', 'D003593']"
38953031,Peripheral PD-1+NK cells could predict the 28-day mortality in sepsis patients.,"Unbalanced inflammatory response is a critical feature of sepsis, a life-threatening condition with significant global health burdens. Immune dysfunction, particularly that involving different immune cells in peripheral blood, plays a crucial pathophysiological role and shows early warning signs in sepsis. The objective is to explore the relationship between sepsis and immune subpopulations in peripheral blood, and to identify patients with a higher risk of 28-day mortality based on immunological subtypes with machine-learning (ML) model.","['D006801', 'D018805', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D061026', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D007694', 'D012189', 'D015415', 'D011379', 'D016130', 'D012372', 'D000069550']"
38952674,Candidate tumor-specific CD8+ T cell subsets identified in the malignant pleural effusion of advanced lung cancer patients by single-cell analysis.,"Isolation of tumor-specific T cells and their antigen receptors (TCRs) from malignant pleural effusions (MPE) may facilitate the development of TCR-transduced adoptive cellular immunotherapy products for advanced lung cancer patients. However, the characteristics and markers of tumor-specific T-cells in MPE are largely undefined. To this end, to establish the phenotypes and antigen specificities of CD8+ T cells, we performed single-cell RNA and TCR sequencing of samples from three advanced lung cancer patients. Dimensionality reduction on a total of 4,983 CD8+ T cells revealed 10 clusters including naïve, memory, and exhausted phenotypes. We focused particularly on exhausted T cell clusters and tested their TCR reactivity against neoantigens predicted from autologous cancer cell lines. Four different TCRs specific for the same neoantigen and one orphan TCR specific for the autologous cell line were identified from one of the patients. Differential gene expression analysis in tumor-specific T cells relative to the other T cells identified CXCL13, as a candidate gene expressed by tumor-specific T cells. In addition to expressing CXCL13, tumor-specific T cells were present in a higher proportion of T cells co-expressing PDCD1(PD-1)/TNFRSF9(4-1BB). Furthermore, flow cytometric analyses in advanced lung cancer patients with MPE documented that those with high PD-1/4-1BB expression have a better prognosis in the subset of 57 adenocarcinoma patients (p = .039). These data suggest that PD-1/4-1BB co-expression might identify tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in MPE, which are associated with patients' prognosis. (233 words).","['D006801', 'D008175', 'D018414', 'D016066', 'D059010', 'D011948', 'D016176', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D000951']"
38952273,Do Not Forget the Granulocytic Compartment's Role in T cell-Mediated Antitumor Immunity.,"Antitumor immune responses are predominantly mediated by CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). But immune-modulatory factors in the tumor microenvironment determine the effectiveness of these responses. In this issue, Wei and colleagues report a new role for CTL-derived IL3 in stimulating basophilic granulocytes to produce IL4, which, in turn, activates, reprograms, and stabilizes CTLs. These findings stress the importance of the crosstalk between the innate and adaptive immune systems to elicit efficient antitumor immunity. See related article by Wei et al., p. 822 (3).","['D006801', 'D006098', 'D009369', 'D000818', 'D059016', 'D013602', 'D007111']"
38952097,[Research progress in macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in tumor immune response].,"Macrophage migration inhibitor factor (MIF), as a pro-inflammatory and oncogenic cytokine, is highly expressed in a variety of malignant tumors and recruits tumor cells or immune cells into the tumor microenvironment. MIF affects the development of tumor by altering the tumor microenvironment. In the process of tumor, MIF not only plays an anti-inflammatory role, but also promotes tumorigenesis by immune escape and immune tolerance.This is closely related to immune cells that play a role in the tumor immune response, mainly including natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells, T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. The article summarizes the role of MIF in tumor immune and the relationship between MIF and the development of malignant tumors, in order to provide new ideas and possible therapy for tumor treatment.","['D008263', 'D006801', 'D009369', 'D000818', 'D059016', 'D007694', 'D008264', 'D003713', 'D013601']"
38952096,[Research advances in the development and function of macrophages and classical dendritic cells during resting and infection].,"Macrophages (MACs) and classical dendritic cells (cDCs) represent the front line of immune defense, playing crucial roles in both innate and adaptive immunity due to their remarkable tissue specificity and precise adaptation to environmental cues. MACs contribute to maintaining tissue homeostasis and immune surveillance, while cDCs function as the most efficient antigen-presenting cells, playing a critical role in immune responses. These two cell types share similarities and interconnections. Both MACs and cDCs are capable of recognizing pathogens and tissue damage, secreting cytokines to activate other innate immune cells, and initiating or modulating adaptive immunity through interactions with T cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the research advances in the development and functions of MACs and cDCs during resting and infection processes, elucidate their interrelationships and interactions within the immune system, and offer a theoretical basis for in-depth studies of diseases.","['D003713', 'D006801', 'D008264', 'D000818', 'D007239', 'D007113', 'D056704']"
38951879,Natural killer cell-derived exosome-based cancer therapy: from biological roles to clinical significance and implications.,"Natural killer (NK) cells are important immune cells in the organism and are the third major type of lymphocytes besides T cells and B cells, which play an important function in cancer therapy. In addition to retaining the tumor cell killing function of natural killer cells, natural killer cell-derived exosomes cells also have the characteristics of high safety, wide source, easy to preserve and transport. At the same time, natural killer cell-derived exosomes are easy to modify, and the engineered exosomes can be used in combination with a variety of current cancer therapies, which not only enhances the therapeutic efficacy, but also significantly reduces the side effects. Therefore, this review summarizes the source, isolation and modification strategies of natural killer cell-derived exosomes and the combined application of natural killer cell-derived engineered exosomes with other antitumor therapies, which is expected to accelerate the clinical translation process of natural killer cell-derived engineered exosomes in cancer therapy.","['D006801', 'D055354', 'D007694', 'D009369', 'D000818', 'D000092522']"
38951492,HIV-1 Vpr combats the PU.1-driven antiviral response in primary human macrophages.,"HIV-1 Vpr promotes efficient spread of HIV-1 from macrophages to T cells by transcriptionally downmodulating restriction factors that target HIV-1 Envelope protein (Env). Here we find that Vpr induces broad transcriptomic changes by targeting PU.1, a transcription factor necessary for expression of host innate immune response genes, including those that target Env. Consistent with this, we find silencing PU.1 in infected macrophages lacking Vpr rescues Env. Vpr downmodulates PU.1 through a proteasomal degradation pathway that depends on physical interactions with PU.1 and DCAF1, a component of the Cul4A E3 ubiquitin ligase. The capacity for Vpr to target PU.1 is highly conserved across primate lentiviruses. In addition to impacting infected cells, we find that Vpr suppresses expression of innate immune response genes in uninfected bystander cells, and that virion-associated Vpr can degrade PU.1. Together, we demonstrate Vpr counteracts PU.1 in macrophages to blunt antiviral immune responses and promote viral spread.","['D006801', 'D008264', 'D054325', 'D015497', 'D015534', 'D011518', 'D007113', 'D044767', 'D015658', 'D057809', 'D014771', 'D017346']"
38951167,"Lower urinary dysfunction as a long-term effect of childhood vincristine treatment, with potential influences by sex and dose.","Vincristine (VCR) is one of the most widely used chemotherapy agents in treating pediatric cancer. Nonetheless, it is known to cause dose-dependent neurotoxicity which can impact virtually every organ system. Despite its widespread use, the precise impact of VCR on the lower urinary tract (LUT) remains inadequately elucidated. Our initial clinical and translational investigations suggest a sex-specific influence of childhood VCR exposure on LUT function. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the late effects of systemic VCR exposure on LUT physiology and the underlying mechanisms, focusing on dosage and male-sex, employing juvenile CD-1 mice as a model. Male mice subjected to VCR exhibited augmented functional bladder capacity accompanied by frequent non-void contractions during awake cystometry, alongside mast cell accumulation within the bladder, compared to the saline-treated control group. Noteworthy functional changes were observed in bladder strips from the VCR group, including decreased nerve-mediated contraction, heightened contractile responses to cholinergic and purinergic agonists, enhanced responsiveness to histamine-primarily via histamine receptor 1 (Hrh1)-and an augmented relaxation effect with compound 48/80 (a mast cell degranulator), relative to the control group. Significant changes in gene expression levels associated with neuroinflammation and nociception were observed in both the bladder and lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia (Ls-DRG) of the VCR group. These findings suggest that VCR exposure during childhood, particularly in males, triggers neuroimmune responses in the bladder and Ls-DRG, amplifying responsiveness to neurotransmitters in the bladder, thereby contributing to LUT dysfunction characterized by a mixed bladder phenotype as a late effect during survivorship.","['D000818', 'D008297', 'D051379', 'D001743', 'D005260', 'D014750', 'D008407', 'D006801', 'D012737', 'D004305', 'D000972']"
38951146,[18F]F-AraG imaging reveals association between neuroinflammation and brown- and bone marrow adipose tissue.,"Brown and brown-like adipose tissues have attracted significant attention for their role in metabolism and therapeutic potential in diabetes and obesity. Despite compelling evidence of an interplay between adipocytes and lymphocytes, the involvement of these tissues in immune responses remains largely unexplored. This study explicates a newfound connection between neuroinflammation and brown- and bone marrow adipose tissue. Leveraging the use of [18F]F-AraG, a mitochondrial metabolic tracer capable of tracking activated lymphocytes and adipocytes simultaneously, we demonstrate, in models of glioblastoma and multiple sclerosis, the correlation between intracerebral immune infiltration and changes in brown- and bone marrow adipose tissue. Significantly, we show initial evidence that a neuroinflammation-adipose tissue link may also exist in humans. This study proposes the concept of an intricate immuno-neuro-adipose circuit, and highlights brown- and bone marrow adipose tissue as an intermediary in the communication between the immune and nervous systems. Understanding the interconnectedness within this circuitry may lead to advancements in the treatment and management of various conditions, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders.","['D000818', 'D006801', 'D002001', 'D000090862', 'D001853', 'D051379', 'D008297', 'D005909', 'D008810', 'D005260', 'D009103', 'D049268']"
38951075,[Research progress of CAR-macrophages in malignant hematological diseases].,"This article reviews the development history of chimeric antigen receptor macrophage (CAR-M) therapy, discusses its application in malignant hematologic diseases, introduces related clinical trials, analyzes the advantages and challenges faced by CAR-M therapy in clinical application, and looks forward to its future use in the treatment of malignant hematologic diseases.","['D006801', 'D019337', 'D008264', 'D000076962', 'D016219', 'D006402']"
38951072,[Introduction of a decalcification method for bone marrow biopsy tissue].,"Bone marrow biopsy is one of the important means of hematopathological diagnosis, which has decisive diagnostic significance for various benign and malignant lymphohematopoietic system diseases. Its diagnostic value includes morphological observation, immunohistochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology testing. Owing to the unique nature of bone marrow biopsy, decalcification is an essential step in the pre-treatment process. Its purpose is to remove calcium from bone tissue, preserve intact collagen fiber components, facilitate tissue sectioning, and prevent tissue detachment during staining. If bone marrow biopsy lacks sufficient decalcification, preparing a section is difficult. Conversely, if decalcification is excessive, it can seriously disrupt tissue antigen activity. Therefore, a decalcification method with high decalcification efficiency and mild antigen damage is essential for bone marrow biopsy. This article introduces a bone marrow biopsy tissue decalcification method with high efficiency and less antigen loss: decalcification is performed at room temperature with 12% formic acid and 8% hydrochloric acid decalcification solution on a shaker.","['D006801', 'D003648', 'D001853', 'D001706', 'D001856']"
38951066,[Clinical analysis of the correlation between the expression of soluble B cell maturation antigen and the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T cell targeting B cell maturation antigen in patients with multiple myeloma].,"Objective: The effect of bone marrow soluble B cell maturation antigen (sBCMA) expression on the efficacy and side effects of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) -modified T-cell-targeting B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) . Methods: This study involved 29 patients with relapsed or refractory MM (RRMM) who received humanized anti-BCMA CAR-T cell clinical trials from January 2018 to December 2021. The expression of sBCMA in bone marrow before and after anti-BCMA CAR-T cell treatment was detected by flow cytometry and compared. Results: ①Two months after BCMA CAR-T cell treatment, 20 patients (68.97%) achieved an overall response (OR), whereas nine patients had stable disease (SD) or miner emission (MR). ②The expression of sBCMA in the bone marrow of 20 patients with OR was higher before treatment than after [26 926 (18 215, 32 488) ng/L vs 9 968 (6 634, 11 459) ng/L; P<0.001]; no significant difference was observed in patients with MR and SD [41 187 (33 816, 47 046) ng/L vs. 33 954 (31 569, 36 256) ng/L; P=0.145]; sBCMA expression in patients with OR before CAR-T cell treatment was lower than in patients with MR and SD (P=0.005). ③No significant linear correlation was found between the peak value of CAR-T cells and sBCMA expression in the bone marrow of all 29 patients with RRMM (R(2)=0.035, P=0.330). ④No significant difference in sBCMA expression was found between grades 0-1 CRS group (13 patients) and grades 2-4 CRS group [16 patients; 32 045 (18 742, 40 801) ng/L vs 29 102 (24 679, 38 776) ng/L, P=0.879], nor between grade 0 ICANS group (22 patients) and grade 1-3 ICANS group [seven patients; 30 073 (19 375, 40 065) ng/L vs 33 816 (22 933, 43 459) ng/L, P=0.763]. Conclusion: sBCMA expression in the bone marrow is related to the efficacy of BCMA CAR-T cell therapy in patients with RRMM, but is not significantly correlated with the severity of adverse events. It may serve as a predictive biomarker for the efficacy of BCMA CAR-T cell therapy in these patients.","['D006801', 'D009101', 'D053301', 'D000076962', 'D016219', 'D001853', 'D013601', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D005260']"
38951059,[Chinese expert consensus on the technical and clinical practice specifications of artificial intelligence assisted morphology examination of blood cells (2024)].,"Blood cell morphological examination is a crucial method for the diagnosis of blood diseases, but traditional manual microscopy is characterized by low efficiency and susceptibility to subjective biases. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has improved the efficiency and quality of blood cell examinations and facilitated the standardization of test results. Currently, a variety of AI devices are either in clinical use or under research, with diverse technical requirements and configurations. The Experimental Diagnostic Study Group of the Hematology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association has organized a panel of experts to formulate this consensus. The consensus covers term definitions, scope of application, technical requirements, clinical application, data management, and information security. It emphasizes the importance of specimen preparation, image acquisition, image segmentation algorithms, and cell feature extraction and classification, and sets forth basic requirements for the cell recognition spectrum. Moreover, it provides detailed explanations regarding the fine classification of pathological cells, requirements for cell training and testing, quality control standards, and assistance in issuing diagnostic reports by humans. Additionally, the consensus underscores the significance of data management and information security to ensure the safety of patient information and the accuracy of data.","['D006801', 'D001185', 'D032921', 'D001773', 'D002681', 'D000465']"
38951057,[Chinese expert consensus on the application of flow cytometry for the detectin of circulating plasma cells in plasma cell disorders (2024)].,"Flow cytometry plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of plasma cell diseases, particularly in the detection of circulating plasma cells (CPCs) in the peripheral blood. A consensus about the normalized use of flow cytometry in detection of CPCs in peripheral blood in clinical practice has been achieved. This consensus is founded on evidence-based principles, which elucidates the timing and value of flow cytometry for the detection of CPCs in the monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, smoldering myeloma, multiple myeloma, and plasma cell leukemia and standardizes flow cytometry in the detection of CPCs in plasma cell diseases.","['D005434', 'D006801', 'D010950', 'D009101', 'D002681', 'D010265', 'D008998', 'D032921', 'D000095225']"
38950988,Impact of tonsillectomy on the efficacy of Alt-RAMEC/PFM treatment protocols in children with class III malocclusion and tonsillar hypertrophy: protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial.,"Orthodontic treatment using face mask protraction combined with an alternate rapid maxillary expansion and constriction/protraction face mask (Alt-RAMEC/PFM) protocol is effective in the early treatment of patients with class III malocclusion, but the stability of treatment outcomes represents a major concern. Previous studies have suggested that tonsillar hypertrophy can be a risk factor for class III malocclusion and tonsillectomy may prompt the normalisation of dentofacial growth. However, these studies had a low-to-moderate level of evidence. This study was designed to identify the impact of tonsillectomy before orthodontic treatment on the efficacy and stability of Alt-RAMEC/PFM protocols and the sleep quality and oral health in children with anterior crossbite and tonsillar hypertrophy.","['D006801', 'D014068', 'D002648', 'D008313', 'D014066', 'D010155', 'D006984', 'D005260', 'D005115', 'D016032', 'D008297', 'D016896', 'D000089943', 'D000293']"
38950926,Diagnostic performance of ultrasonography in pre-operative assessment of lymph nodes in patients with cervical cancer.,"To assess the diagnostic performance of ultrasonography in pre-operative assessment of lymph nodes in patients with cervical cancer, to compare the outcomes for pelvic and para-aortic regions, and to detect macrometastases and micrometastases separately.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D002583', 'D008875', 'D008198', 'D012189', 'D014463', 'D000328', 'D008207', 'D000368', 'D012680', 'D008197', 'D011300', 'D061206']"
38950333,Autoimmunity to stromal-derived autoantigens in rheumatoid ectopic germinal centers exacerbates arthritis and affects clinical response.,"Ectopic lymphoid structures (ELSs) in the rheumatoid synovial joints sustain autoreactivity against locally expressed autoantigens. We recently identified recombinant monoclonal antibodies (RA-rmAbs) derived from single, locally differentiated rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial B cells, which specifically recognize fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs). Here, we aimed to identify the specificity of FLS-derived autoantigens fueling local autoimmunity and the functional role of anti-FLS antibodies in promoting chronic inflammation. A subset of anti-FLS RA-rmAbs reacting with a 60 kDa band from FLS extracts demonstrated specificity for HSP60 and partial cross-reactivity to other stromal autoantigens (i.e., calreticulin/vimentin) but not to citrullinated fibrinogen. Anti-FLS RA-rmAbs, but not anti-neutrophil extracellular traps rmAbs, exhibited pathogenic properties in a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis. In patients, anti-HSP60 antibodies were preferentially detected in RA versus osteoarthritis (OA) synovial fluid. Synovial HSPD1 and CALR gene expression analyzed using bulk RNA-Seq and GeoMx-DSP closely correlated with the lympho-myeloid RA pathotype, and HSP60 protein expression was predominantly observed around ELS. Moreover, we observed a significant reduction in synovial HSP60 gene expression followed B cell depletion with rituximab that was strongly associated with the treatment response. Overall, we report that synovial stromal-derived autoantigens are targeted by pathogenic autoantibodies and are associated with specific RA pathotypes, with potential value for patient stratification and as predictors of the response to B cell-depleting therapies.","['D001172', 'D000818', 'D006801', 'D051379', 'D001324', 'D018858', 'D018834', 'D001323', 'D015551', 'D008297', 'D000070918', 'D001169', 'D005260', 'D001402', 'D000072717']"
38950331,Cutting Edge: ATP13A2 Is an Endolysosomal Regulator of TLR9/7 Activation in Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells.,"ATPase cation transporting 13A2 (ATP13A2) is an endolysosomal P-type ATPase known to be a polyamine transporter, explored mostly in neurons. As endolysosomal functions are also crucial in innate immune cells, we aimed to explore the potential role of ATP13A2 in the human immunocellular compartment. We found that human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), the professional type I IFN-producing immune cells, especially have a prominent enrichment of ATP13A2 expression in endolysosomal compartments. ATP13A2 knockdown in human pDCs interferes with cytokine induction in response to TLR9/7 activation in response to bona fide ligands. ATP13A2 plays this crucial role in TLR9/7 activation in human pDCs by regulating endolysosomal pH and mitochondrial reactive oxygen generation. This (to our knowledge) hitherto unknown regulatory mechanism in pDCs involving ATP13A2 opens up a new avenue of research, given the crucial role of pDC-derived type I IFNs in protective immunity against infections as well as in the immunopathogenesis of myriad contexts of autoreactive inflammation.","['D006801', 'D003713', 'D008247', 'D051217', 'D011992', 'D006180', 'D017382', 'D008928', 'D002478', 'D007370', 'D051199']"
38949650,STAT3 gain of function: Too much of a good thing in the skin!,"Germline activating mutations in STAT3 cause a multi-systemic autoimmune and autoinflammatory condition. By studying a mouse model, Toth et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20232091) propose a role for dysregulated IL-22 production by Th17 cells in causing some aspects of immune-mediated skin inflammation in human STAT3 GOF syndrome.","['D050796', 'D000818', 'D006801', 'D058504', 'D012867', 'D000097043', 'D007378', 'D000073659', 'D051379', 'D007249']"
38949640,FOXP3 snatches transcription factors depending on the context.,"FOXP3 hijacks DNA-binding proteins to regulate gene expression. In this issue of JEM, He et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20232068) propose a dynamic model in which FOXP3 associates with DNA-binding proteins to regulate Treg cell function in response to environmental cues.","['D051858', 'D006801', 'D050378', 'D000818', 'D005786', 'D004268', 'D014157']"
38949380,Measuring Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in HIV-1 Infected T-Cells and Analyzing its Role in HIV-1 Replication.,"Viral infections can cause Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress due to abnormal protein accumulation, leading to Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). Viruses have developed strategies to manipulate the host UPR, but there is a lack of detailed understanding of UPR modulation and its functional significance during HIV-1 infection in the literature. In this context, the current article describes the protocols used in our laboratory to measure ER stress levels and UPR during HIV-1 infection in T-cells and the effect of UPR on viral replication and infectivity. Thioflavin T (ThT) staining is a relatively new method used to detect ER stress in the cells by detecting protein aggregates. Here, we have illustrated the protocol for ThT staining in HIV-1 infected cells to detect and quantify ER stress. Moreover, ER stress was also detected indirectly by measuring the levels of UPR markers such as BiP, phosphorylated IRE1, PERK, and eIF2α, splicing of XBP1, cleavage of ATF6, ATF4, CHOP, and GADD34 in HIV-1 infected cells, using conventional immunoblotting and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We have found that the ThT-fluorescence correlates with the indicators of UPR activation. This article also demonstrates the protocols to analyze the impact of ER stress and UPR modulation on HIV-1 replication by knockdown experiments as well as the use of pharmacological molecules. The effect of UPR on HIV-1 gene expression/replication and virus production was analyzed by Luciferase reporter assays and p24 antigen capture ELISA, respectively, whereas the effect on virion infectivity was analyzed by staining of infected reporter cells. Collectively, this set of methods provides a comprehensive understanding of the Unfolded Protein Response pathways during HIV-1 infection, revealing its intricate dynamics.","['D056811', 'D006801', 'D015497', 'D014779', 'D059865', 'D015658', 'D013601']"
38949315,Generation and Functional Verification of Hypoxia-sensitive Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cells.,"Extensive studies have proven the promise of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy in treating hematological malignancies. However, treating solid tumors remains challenging, as exemplified by the safety concerns that arise when CAR-T cells attack normal cells expressing the target antigens. Researchers have explored various approaches to enhance the tumor selectivity of CAR-T cell therapy. One representative strategy along this line is the construction of hypoxia-sensitive CAR-T cells, which are designed by fusing an oxygen-dependent degradation domain to the CAR moiety and are strategized to attain high CAR expression only in a hypoxic environment-the tumor microenvironment (TME). This paper presents a protocol for the generation of such CAR-T cells and their functional characterization, including methods to analyze the changes in CAR expression and killing capacity in response to different oxygen levels established by a mobile incubator chamber. The constructed CAR-T cells are anticipated to demonstrate CAR expression and cytotoxicity in an oxygen-sensitive manner, thus supporting their capability to distinguish between hypoxic TME and normoxic normal tissues for selective activation.","['D000076962', 'D006801', 'D013601', 'D016219', 'D015687', 'D059016']"
38954612,"Mycosis Fungoides Palmaris et Plantaris Mimicking ""Dyshidrotic Eczema"": A Case Report.","Mycosis fungoides palmaris et plantaris (MFPP) is a rare variant of mycosis fungoides (MF), a type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. MFPP primarily affects the palms and soles of the feet and is often misdiagnosed as dyshidrotic eczema due to its similar clinical presentation. This case report presents a middle-aged woman with MFPP whose initial presentation was mistaken for dyshidrotic eczema. Despite treatment with topical corticosteroids, the patient's lesions persisted, prompting further investigations that led to the diagnosis of MFPP. The patient was initiated on betamethasone dipropionate ointment and hydroxyzine for pruritus management, with a pivotal referral to oncology for comprehensive evaluation. This case highlights the importance of considering MFPP in the differential diagnosis of persistent eczematous lesions on the palms and soles, especially when treatment with topical corticosteroids is ineffective. J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(7):569-570.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; doi:10.36849/JDD.8474.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D009182', 'D003937', 'D008875', 'D011146', 'D012878', 'D001623']"
38953805,Acceptance of Mass Drug Administration for Prophylaxis against Lymphatic Filariasis in a Tribal Endemic Area: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.,India is at a critical stage to eliminate filariasis. Uncovering the factors governing may help taking appropriate measures to achieve the goal.,"['D006801', 'D004605', 'D003430', 'D007194', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D007722', 'D000074381', 'D010342', 'D008875', 'D005369', 'D055815', 'D019353', 'D011795', 'D000293']"
38953756,Why do a lung biopsy for benign lesions?,"Transthoracic needle biopsy of lung lesions is a well-established procedure for the diagnosis of lung lesions. The literature focuses on the diagnosis of malignant lesions with an often reported accuracy rate of more than 90%. Experience showed that biopsy can identify sometimes incidentally, also benign lesions. There are many reasons why a biopsy is performed for a ""benign lesion."" First of all, it may be an unexpected diagnosis, as some benign pathologies may have misleading presentations, that are very similar to lung cancer, otherwise the reason is only to make a diagnosis of exclusion, which leads to the benign pathology already being considered in the differential diagnosis.","['D006801', 'D012189', 'D003937', 'D008175', 'D008171', 'D006222', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D014057', 'D000368', 'D006099', 'D008168', 'D018549', 'D061705', 'D000328']"
38953272,[Intraspinal Metastasis of Thymic Carcinoma:Report of One Case].,"Intraspinal metastasis from malignant carcinomas in other body parts is rarely reported.Intraspinal metastases are often epidural,with primary tumors mostly from the lung and prostate.The extramedullary subdural metastasis of thymic carcinoma is particularly rare and prone to misdiagnosis due to overlapping imaging features with primary intraspinal tumors.This article reports one case of intraspinal metastasis of thymic carcinoma,with the main diagnostic clues including a history of thymic carcinoma,fast growth rate,and irregular shape.","['D006801', 'D013953', 'D008297', 'D013945', 'D013125', 'D008875']"
38951755,Association of anaemia with indoor air pollution among older Indian adult population: multilevel modelling analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional study.,"Anaemia is a disease of public health importance with multi-causal pathways. Previous literature suggests the role of indoor air pollution (IAP) on haemoglobin levels, but this has been studied less due to logistic constraints. A high proportion of the population in developing countries, including India, still depends on unclean fuel, which exacerbates IAP. The objective was to study the association between anaemia and IAP among the older Indian adult population (≥ 45 years) as per gender.","['D006801', 'D007194', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D016902', 'D000740', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D003430', 'D008137', 'D055361', 'D000369']"
38951106,[Analysis of risk factors for venous thromboembolism in patients with polycythemia vera and establishment of a prediction model].,"Objective: To investigate the risk factors of venous thrombosis in patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and establish a prediction model for venous thrombosis. Methods: PV patients with JAK2V617F gene mutation positive in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from September 2017 to November 2023 were retrospectively included. The patients were divided into groups according to whether they had venous thrombosis. After matching age and gender factors with propensity scores, 102 patients were included in the venous thrombosis group [46 males, 56 females, with a median age M (Q1, Q3) of 52 (44, 60) years] and 204 cases were included in the group without venous thrombosis [92 males, 112 females, with a median age of 52 (44, 59) years]. The clinical and laboratory characteristics, disease progression and incidence of gene mutation were compared between the two groups. The follow-up cohort ended on November 20, 2023, with a median follow-up [M (Q1, Q3)] of 11 (1, 53) years. Multivariate Cox risk model was used to analyze the influencing factors of venous thrombosis in PV patients, and establish a scoring system for the venous thrombosis risk factor prediction model of PV patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive efficiency of the model. Results: Hemoglobin concentration, the ratio of hematopoietic volume≥55%, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio≥5, hypertension, subcostal spleen≥5 cm and secondary myelofibrosis in venous thrombosis group were higher than those in non-venous thrombosis group (all P<0.05). In addition, the proportion of history of thromboembolism, V617F gene mutation load (V617F%)≥50%, diabetes mellitus, ASXL1 mutation and secondary reticular silver staining≥3 in the venous thrombosis group were higher than those in the non-venous thrombosis group (all P<0.05). The proportion of PV patients with 3 or more gene mutations was 44.1% (45/102) in venous thrombosis group, which was higher than that of PV patients without venous thrombosis 29.9% (61/204) (P=0.014). The proportion of ASXL1 gene mutation in venous thrombosis group was 17.6% (18/102), which was higher than the 4.9% (10/204) in non-venous thrombosis group (P<0.001). Multivariate Cox risk model analysis showed that previous thromboembolism history (HR=2.031, 95%CI: 1.297-3.179, P=0.002), V617F%≥50% (HR=2.141, 95%CI: 1.370-3.347, P=0.001), ASXL1 mutation (HR=4.632, 95%CI: 1.497-14.336, P=0.008), spleen subcostal≥5 cm (HR=1.771, 95%CI: 1.047-2.996, P=0.033) are the risk factors of venous thrombosis in PV patients. According to HR values, a score system for predicting risk of venous thrombosis in PV patients was established: previous history of thromboembolism, V617F%≥50% and spleen subcostoal≥5 cm were assigned 1 point respectively, and ASXL1 mutation was assigned 2 points. Low risk group: score 0, medium risk group: score 1-2, high risk group: score≥3. The ROC curve analysis of the model for predicting venous thrombosis in PV patients showed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.807 (95%CI: 0.755-0.860), with the sensitivity of 88.2% and the specificity of 59.8% when the Youden index was 0.48. Conclusions: Previous thromboembolism history, V617F%≥50%, ASXL1 mutation, spleen subcostoal≥5 cm are risk factors of venous thrombosis in PV patients. The established prediction model has good prediction efficiency.","['D006801', 'D011087', 'D008297', 'D012307', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D054556', 'D000328', 'D053614', 'D009154', 'D020246']"
38951100,"[The 507th case: hemolytic anemia, parvovirus B19, and multiple organ dysfunction].","A 19-year-old male patient with high-risk acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia received haploidentical stem cell transplantation. He developed anemia repeatedly and parvovirus B19 nucleic acid was positive in blood plasma. The patient was diagnosed with cold agglutinin syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction including respiratory failure and hepatitis. In the conflict between viral infection and the treatment of cold agglutinin syndrome, we provided supportive treatment, complement inhibitors to control hemolysis, and antiviral therapy. After timely glucocorticoid and immunosuppressant therapy, the patient had achieved a good response.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D016732', 'D055815', 'D009102', 'D010322', 'D000743', 'D000744']"
38951071,[Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a patient with MonoMAC syndrome and hematopoietic dysplasia which was induced by GATA2 deficiency: a case report and literature review].,"A retrospective analysis was conducted on a MonoMAC syndrome case admitted in October 2022 to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The patient, a 16-year-old female with a history of persistent monocytopenia and mild anemia for several years, experienced recurrent symptoms of cough, expectoration, and fever, leading to multiple visits to the hospital. The diagnosis of MonoMAC syndrome was confirmed through comprehensive assessments including routine blood tests, pathogen metagenomic sequencing, lung and bone marrow biopsies, and next-generation sequencing of peripheral blood. The patient underwent haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, with a smooth course of transplantation, achieving neutrophil engraftment on + 16 d and platelet engraftment on + 17 d, eventually restoring normal monocyte and NK cell counts. MonoMAC syndrome patients often initially present with infectious symptoms, and the diagnosis can be established based on significant monocytopenia in routine blood tests, history of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections, and GATA2 germline mutations. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be required for some patients to improve their prognosis.","['D006801', 'D018380', 'D005260', 'D000293', 'D000077428', 'D050989', 'D014184', 'D012189']"
38951070,[Clinical characteristics of myeloid tumors combined with the proliferation of large granular lymphocytes].,"Myeloid neoplasms (MNs) belong to a group of hematological malignancies characterized by the abnormal biological functions of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells. The abnormal immune and hematopoietic microenvironment of patients with MN interact with malignant clonal hematopoietic stem cells, promoting the occurrence and development of their diseases. MN large granular lymphocyte proliferation (MN-LGLP) is a special and rare clinical phenomenon in this type of disease. Currently, research on this disease in domestic and international cohorts is limited. This study analyzes the clinical and laboratory characteristics of this type of patient and explores the impact of LGLP on the clinical characteristics and survival of patients with MN. Patients with MN-LGLP are prone to neutropenia and splenomegaly. The presence of LGLP is not a risk factor affecting the survival of patients with MN-LGLP. STAG, ASXL1, and TET2 are the most common accompanying gene mutations in MN-LGLP, and patients with MN-LGLP and STAG2 mutations have poor prognoses.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D011379', 'D005260', 'D009154', 'D008875', 'D049109', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D054066']"
38951069,"[Effects of polyphyllin Ⅶ on proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells].","The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of polyphyllin Ⅶ (PP Ⅶ) on proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PLBCL) cell lines U2932 and SUDHL-4. The DLBCL cell lines were divided into a control group and a PPⅦ group, and experiments were conducted using MTT assay, flow cytometry, and Western blotting.Results showed that compared with the control group, PPⅦ significantly inhibited the proliferation of U2932 and SUDHL-4 cells (P<0.05). Apoptosis assays demonstrated that treatment with 0.50 and 1.00 µmol/L PP Ⅶ significantly increased the apoptosis rates of both cell lines (P<0.05), upregulated apoptosis-related proteins, and downregulated Bcl-2 protein level (P<0.05). Cell cycle analysis revealed that PPⅦ treatment led to an increase in G0/G1-phase cells (P<0.05) and a decrease in G2/M-phase cells (P<0.05), significantly downregulated cyclin D1, CDK4, CDK6, and survivin protein expression (P<0.05). In conclusion, PPⅦ exerted anti-lymphoma effects by inhibiting proliferation, promoting apoptosis, and inducing G0/G1 phase arrest in DLBCL cells.","['D006801', 'D016403', 'D017209', 'D049109', 'D045744', 'D002453', 'D019253', 'D004144', 'D019938', 'D051358']"
38951068,[Venetoclax combined with dose-reduced HAD as induction treatment for patients with de-novo acute myeloid leukemia].,"The efficacy and safety of venetoclax combined with reduced dose HAD regimen in the treatment of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was investigated. From May 2022 to January 2023, a total of 25 patients with newly diagnosed AML were treated with venetoclax combined with reduced-dose HAD regimen as induction therapy. Accoding to the 2017 ELN recommendations, 13 (52.0%) in favoable, 3 (12.0%) in intemediate, and 9 (36.0%) in adverse. The ORR (CR rate+PR rate) was 88.0%, and the CR rate was 84.0%. By May 30, 2023, with a median follow-up of 9 months, 1 year overall survival, event-free survival, and relapse-free survival were 100%, 94.7%, and 94.7%, respectively. All patients received 1-5 cycles of consolidation therapy and two median cycles. Treatment with venetoclax and reduced dose of HAD regimen in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed AML was high effective and safe.","['D006801', 'D015470', 'D013449', 'D019086', 'D000971', 'D060828', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D000328']"
38951067,[Analysis of therapeutic effects of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in 12 patients with DEK-NUP214 fusion gene positive acute myeloid leukemia].,"Twelve DEK-NUP214 fusion gene-positive patients with acute myeloid leukemia and on allo-HSCT treatment at the Hematology Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from November 2016 to August 2022 were included in the study, and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. The patients comprised five men and seven women with a median age of 34 (16-52) years. At the time of diagnosis, all the patients were positive for the DEK-NUP214 fusion gene. Chromosome karyotyping analysis showed t (6;9) (p23;q34) translocation in 10 patients (two patients did not undergo chromosome karyotyping analysis), FLT3-ITD mutation was detected in 11 patients, and high expression of WT1 was observed in 11 patients. Nine patients had their primary disease in the first complete remission state before transplantation, one patient had no disease remission, and two patients were in a recurrent state. All patients received myeloablative pretreatment, five patients received sibling allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and seven patients received haploid hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The median number of mononuclear cells in the transplant was 10.87 (7.09-17.89) ×10(8)/kg, and the number of CD34(+) cells was 3.29 (2.53-6.10) ×10(6)/kg. All patients achieved blood reconstruction, with a median time of 14 (10-20) days for neutrophil implantation and 15 (9-27) days for platelet implantation. The 1 year transplant-related mortality rate after transplantation was 21.2%. The cumulative recurrence rates 1 and 3 years after transplantation were 25.0% and 50.0%, respectively. The leukemia free survival rates were (65.6±14.0) % and (65.6±14.0) %, respectively. The overall survival rates were (72.2±13.8) % and (72.2±13.8) %, respectively.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D018380', 'D008875', 'D015470', 'D000293', 'D012189', 'D055815', 'D028861', 'D014184', 'D002868', 'D000075223', 'D015514', 'D015513', 'D014178']"
38951064,[Clinical efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for myelodysplastic syndrome-evolved acute myeloid leukemia].,"Objective: The outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for myelodysplastic syndromes-evolved acute myeloid leukemia (MDS-AML) were explored. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted for 54 patients with MDS-AML treated with allo-HSCT in the Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital from January 2018 to August 2022. The clinical effects after transplantation were observed, and the related risk factors influencing prognosis were explored. Results: Of the total 54 patients, 26 males, 28 females, and 53 patients achieved hematopoietic reconstruction. After a median follow-up of 597 (15-1 934) days, the 1 year overall survival (OS) rate, disease-free survival (DFS) rate, relapse rate (CIR) and non-relapse mortality (NRM) rate were 75.8%±5.8%, 72.1%±6.1%, 12.7%±4.9%, and 17.1%±5.2%, respectively. The 3 year estimated OS, DFS, CIR, and NRM rates were 57.8%±7.5%, 58.1%±7.2%, 23.2%±6.6%, and 23.7%±6.6%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) was 57.5%±6.9%, and the cumulative incidence of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) was 48.4%±7.7%. Hematopoietic cell transplantation comorbidity index (HCT-CI) before transplantation was ≥2, minimal residual disease (MRD) was positive on the day of reconstitution, grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ aGVHD, bacterial or fungal infection and no cGVHD after transplantation were adverse prognostic factors for OS (P<0.05). COX regression model for multivariate analysis showed that HCT-CI score before transplantation, bone marrow MRD on the day of response, grade Ⅲ or Ⅳ aGVHD, and cGVHD after transplantation were the independent adverse factors for OS (P=0.001, HR=6.981, 95%CI 2.186-22.300; P=0.010, HR=6.719, 95%CI 1.572-28.711; P=0.026, HR=3.386, 95%CI 1.158-9.901; P=0.006, HR=0.151, 95%CI 0.039-0.581) . Conclusion: For patients with MDS-AML and high risk of relapse, allogeneic transplantation must be considered as soon as possible. The enhanced management of post-transplantation complications and maintenance treatment should be provided whenever possible after transplantation.","['D006801', 'D018380', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D009190', 'D012189', 'D015470', 'D014184', 'D011379', 'D015996', 'D006086', 'D018572', 'D012307', 'D008875', 'D016896', 'D000328']"
38951063,[Efficacy and safety of gilteritinib-based combination therapy bridging allo-HSCT in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia patients with positive FLT3-ITD mutation].,"Objective: This study aims to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of gilteritinib (Gilt) -based combination therapy bridging allo-HSCT for FLT3-ITD(+) R/R AML. Additionally, it aims to assess the impact of Gilt maintenance therapy on the prognosis of patients after allo-HSCT. Methods: The clinical data of 26 patients with FLT3-ITD(+) R/R AML treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from August 2019 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The analysis included an assessment of the composite complete remission rate (CRc), overall survival (OS) time, disease-free survival (DFS) time, and adverse events experienced by all enrolled patients. Results: A total of 26 patients with FLT3-ITD(+) R/R AML were enrolled, including 14 men and 12 women with a median age of 38 (18-65) years. A total of 18 cases were refractory, and eight cases were relapsed. The curative effect evaluation conducted between 14 and 21 days showed that the complete remission (CR) rate was 26.9% (7/26), the CR with hematology incomplete recovery was 57.7% (15/26), and the partial response (PR) rate was 7.7% (2/26). The CRc was 84.6% (22/26), and the minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity rate was 65.4%. The 12 month cumulative OS rate for all patients was 79.0%, and the 24 month cumulative OS rate was 72.0%. The median OS time was not determined. The median follow-up time was 16.0 months. Among the patients who responded to treatment, the 12 month cumulative DFS rate was 78.0%, and the 24 month cumulative DFS rate was 71.0%. The median DFS time was not determined. Patients who received allo-HSCT had a median OS time that was significantly longer than those who did not receive allo-HSCT (3.3 months, 95%CI 2.2-4.3 months, P=0.005). The median OS time of patients with or without Gilt maintenance therapy after allo-HSCT was not determined, but the OS time of patients with Gilt maintenance therapy after allo-HSCT treatment was longer than that of patients without Gilt maintenance therapy after allo-HSCT treatment (P=0.019). The FLT3-ITD mutation clearance rate in this study was 38.5%, and the median OS time of patients with FLT3-ITD mutation clearance was not determined but was significantly longer than the median OS of patients without FLT3-ITD mutation clearance (15.0 months; P=0.018). The most common grade 3 and above hematological adverse events of Gilt-based combination therapy included leukopenia (76.9%), neutropenia (76.9%), febrile neutropenia (61.5%), thrombocytopenia (69.2%), and anemia (57.7%). One patient developed differentiation syndrome during oral Gilt maintenance therapy after allo-HSCT treatment, but his condition improved after treatment. Conclusion: The Gilt-based combination therapy is highly effective in treating FLT3-ITD(+) R/R AML. It demonstrates a high CRc, MRD negativity rate, and rapid onset, leading to a significant improvement in patients' survival. Furthermore, the clearance rate of FLT3-ITD mutation is notably high. Additionally, implementing bridging allo-HSCT and Gilt maintenance therapy after allo-HSCT treatment has considerably enhances patients' survival. Closely monitoring and managing any adverse event that may occur during treatment are crucial.","['D006801', 'D051941', 'D015470', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D018380', 'D008875', 'D012189', 'D009154', 'D011719', 'D000293', 'D000814', 'D000368', 'D055815', 'D014184', 'D012074', 'D018572']"
38951061,[Analysis of the efficacy and safety of bone disease treatment in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma treated with denosumab or zoledronic acid].,"Objective: This study investigated the efficacy and safety of denosumab (DENOS) versus zoledronic acid (ZOL) in the bone disease treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Methods: The clinical data of 80 patients with myeloma bone disease (MBD) at the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital between March 1, 2021 and June 30, 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Eighteen patients with severe renal impairment (SRI, endogenous creatinine clearance rate<30 ml/min) were treated with DENOS, and 62 non-SRI patients were divided into DENOS (30 patients) and ZOL group (32 patients) . Results: Hypocalcemia was observed in 26 (33%) patients, and 22 patients developed hypocalcemia during the first treatment course. The incidence of hypocalcemia in the non-SRI patients of DENOS group was higher than that in the ZOL group [20% (6/30) vs 13% (4/32), P=0.028]. The incidence of hypocalcemia in SRI was 89% (16/18). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that endogenous creatinine clearance rate<30 ml/min was significantly associated with hypocalcemia after DENOS administration (P<0.001). After 1 month of antiresorptive (AR) drug application, the decrease in the serum β-C-terminal cross-linked carboxy-telopeptide of collagen type I concentrations of SRI and non-SRI patients in the DENOS group were significantly higher than that in the ZOL group (68% vs 59% vs 27%, P<0.001). The increase in serum procollagen type Ⅰ N-terminal propeptide concentrations of patients with or without SRI in the DENOS group were significantly higher than that in the ZOL group (34% vs 20% vs 11%, P<0.05). The level of intact parathyroid hormone in each group increased after AR drug treatment. None of the patients developed osteonecrosis of the jaw and renal adverse events, and no statistically significant differences in the overall response rate, complete remission and stringent complete remission rates were found among the groups (P>0.05), and the median PFS and OS time were not reached (P>0.05) . Conclusions: In the treatment of MBD, DENOS minimizes nephrotoxicity and has strong AR effect. Hypocalcemia is a common adverse event but is usually mild or moderate and manageable.","['D006801', 'D000077211', 'D000069448', 'D009101', 'D012189', 'D001847', 'D050071', 'D006996', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D016896', 'D008875', 'D000368']"
38951060,[Clinical efficacy and safety of blinatumomab bridging CAR-T cell therapy in the treatment of patients with adult acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia].,"Objective: Exploring the efficacy and safety of bridging blinatumomab (BiTE) in combination with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy for the treatment of adult patients with acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) . Methods: Clinical data from 36 adult B-ALL patients treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University from August 2018 to May 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 36 cases were included: 18 men and 18 women. The median age was 43.5 years (21-72 years). Moreover, 21 cases of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia were reported, and 16 of these cases were relapsed or refractory. Eighteen patients underwent blinatumomab bridging followed by CAR-T cell therapy, and 18 patients received CAR-T cell therapy. This study analyzed the efficacy and safety of treatment in two groups of patients. Results: In the BiTE bridge-to-CAR-T group, 16 patients achieved complete remission (CR) after BiTE immunotherapy, with a CR rate of 88.9%. One month after bridging CAR-T therapy, bone marrow examination showed a CR rate of 100.0%, and the minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity rate was higher than the nonbridging therapy group (94.4% vs. 61.1%, Fisher, P=0.041). The incidence of cytokine release syndrome and other adverse reactions in the BiTE bridge-to-CAR-T group was lower than that in the nonbridging therapy group (11.1% vs. 50.0%, Fisher, P=0.027). The follow-up reveals that 13 patients continued to maintain MRD negativity, and five patients experienced relapse 8.40 months (2.57-10.20 months) after treatment. Two of five patients with relapse achieved CR after receiving the second CAR-T cell therapy. In the nonbridging therapy group, 10 patients maintained continuous MRD negativity, 7 experienced relapse, and 6 died. The 1 year overall survival rate in the BiTE bridge-to-CAR-T group was higher than that in the nonbridging therapy group, with a statistically significant difference at the 0.1 level (88.9%±10.5% vs. 66.7%±10.9%, P=0.091) . Conclusion: BiTE bridging CAR-T cell therapy demonstrates excellent efficacy in adult B-ALL treatment, with a low recent recurrence rate and ongoing assessment of long-term efficacy during follow-up.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D018033', 'D008875', 'D016219', 'D012189', 'D055815', 'D000368', 'D016896', 'D015452', 'D054198']"
38951058,[Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and management of elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (2024)].,"The general population in China is aging, and thus the number of older patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) will continue to increase. Individualized treatment is required to maximize therapeutic potential while minimizing the risk of toxicity. To improve the diagnosis and treatment of DLBCL in older people in China, the Lymphocyte Disease Group of the Hematology Division of the Chinese Medical Association and Lymphoma Expert Commitee of Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) have organized relevant experts to formulate this consensus.","['D006801', 'D016403', 'D000368', 'D002681', 'D032921']"
38950986,Lymphedema vs lipedema: Similar but different.,"Lymphedema and lipedema are chronic debilitating disorders that most commonly affect the upper and lower extremities. Although they can appear similar, they differ in important ways, which the authors of this article review and contrast.","['D006801', 'D065134', 'D008209', 'D003937']"
38950330,Alkynyl nicotinamides show antileukemic activity in drug-resistant acute myeloid leukemia.,"Activating mutations of FLT3 contribute to deregulated hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSC/Ps) growth and survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), leading to poor overall survival. AML patients treated with investigational drugs targeting mutant FLT3, including Quizartinib and Crenolanib, develop resistance to these drugs. Development of resistance is largely due to acquisition of cooccurring mutations and activation of additional survival pathways, as well as emergence of additional FLT3 mutations. Despite the high prevalence of FLT3 mutations and their clinical significance in AML, there are few targeted therapeutic options available. We have identified 2 novel nicotinamide-based FLT3 inhibitors (HSN608 and HSN748) that target FLT3 mutations at subnanomolar concentrations and are potently effective against drug-resistant secondary mutations of FLT3. These compounds show antileukemic activity against FLT3ITD in drug-resistant AML, relapsed/refractory AML, and in AML bearing a combination of epigenetic mutations of TET2 along with FLT3ITD. We demonstrate that HSN748 outperformed the FDA-approved FLT3 inhibitor Gilteritinib in terms of inhibitory activity against FLT3ITD in vivo.","['D006801', 'D015470', 'D051941', 'D019008', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D009536', 'D045744', 'D023041', 'D005260', 'D000970', 'D009154', 'D016513', 'D016688']"
38949887,How receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 meets its partners in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.,"Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in western societies, recognized by clinical and molecular heterogeneity. Despite the success of targeted therapies, acquired resistance remains a challenge for relapsed and refractory CLL, as a consequence of mutations in the target or the upregulation of other survival pathways leading to the progression of the disease. Research on proteins that can trigger such pathways may define novel therapies for a successful outcome in CLL such as the receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1). ROR1 is a signaling receptor for Wnt5a, with an important role during embryogenesis. The aberrant expression on CLL cells and several types of tumors, is involved in cell proliferation, survival, migration as well as drug resistance. Antibody-based immunotherapies and small-molecule compounds emerged to target ROR1 in preclinical and clinical studies. Efforts have been made to identify new prognostic markers having predictive value to refine and increase the detection and management of CLL. ROR1 can be considered as an attractive target for CLL diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. It can be clinically effective alone and/or in combination with current approved agents. In this review, we summarize the scientific achievements in targeting ROR1 for CLL diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.","['D015451', 'D006801', 'D057050', 'D011379', 'D058990', 'D000818', 'D014408']"
38949722,Genetic susceptibility to breast cancer increases the risk of neutropenia and agranulocytosis: insights from Mendelian randomization.,The causal relationship between breast cancer and its estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes and neutropenia and agranulocytosis is unclear.,"['D006801', 'D001943', 'D009503', 'D057182', 'D005260', 'D000380', 'D020022', 'D011960', 'D055106', 'D001499', 'D020641']"
38949715,A comparative evaluation of the efficacy of complete decongestive therapy in the treatment of unilateral breast cancer-related lymphedema with and without metabolic syndrome.,This study aimed to investigate the effect of the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on the limb volume and quality of life (QoL) of patients who underwent complex decongestive therapy (CDT) due to unilateral breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL).,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011788', 'D008875', 'D024821', 'D000072656', 'D000328', 'D011795', 'D001943', 'D016896', 'D000368', 'D008209']"
38949072,Single-cell sequencing reveals the correlation of aggrephagy signaling and multiple myeloma immune microenvironment composition.,"Aggrephagy, a type of autophagy, degrades the aggregation of misfolded protein in cells. However, the role of aggrephagy in multiple myeloma (MM) has not been fully demonstrated. In this study, we first investigated the correlation between aggrephagy signaling, MM immune microenvironment composition and disease prognosis. Single-cell RNA-seq data, including the expression profiles of 12,187 single cells from seven MM bone marrow (BM) and seven healthy BM samples, were analyzed by non-negative matrix factorization for 44 aggrephagy-related genes. Bulk RNA-seq cohorts from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were used to evaluate the prognostic value of aggrephagy-related immune cell subtypes and predict immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapeutic response in MM. Compared with healthy BM, MM BM exhibited different patterns of aggrephagy-related gene expression. In MM BM, macrophages, CD8+ T cells, B cells and natural killer cells could be grouped into four to nine aggrephagy-related subclusters. The signature of aggrephagy signaling molecule expression in the immune cells correlates with the patient's prognosis. Our investigation provides a novel view of aggrephagy signaling in MM tumor microenvironment cells, which might be a prognostic indicator and potential target for MM treatment.","['D009101', 'D006801', 'D059016', 'D059010', 'D011379', 'D015398', 'D015972', 'D001343', 'D020869', 'D014408', 'D059467']"
38948516,Case report: A challenging case of severe Cushing's syndrome in the course of metastatic thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma with a synchronous adrenal tumor.,"Ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) remains one of the most demanding diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for endocrinologists. Thymic neuroendocrine tumors account for 5%-10% of all EAS cases. We report a unique case of a 31-year-old woman with severe EAS caused by primary metastatic combined large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and atypical carcinoid of the thymus. The patient presented with severe hypercortisolemia, which was successfully controlled with continuous etomidate infusion. Complex imaging initially failed to detect thymic lesion; however, it revealed a large, inhomogeneous, metabolically active left adrenal mass infiltrating the diaphragm, suspected of primary disease origin. The patient underwent unilateral adrenalectomy, which resulted in hypercortisolemia resolve. The pathology report showed an adenoma with adrenal infarction and necrosis. The thymic tumor was eventually revealed a few weeks later on follow-up imaging studies. Due to local invasion and rapid progression, only partial resection of the thymic tumor was possible, and the patient was started on radio- and chemotherapy.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D013953', 'D003480', 'D018278', 'D000310', 'D000182', 'D000315', 'D009378']"
38948269,[Homozygous Variant of FANCM of the Fanconi Anemia Pathway Causes Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: Investigation of the Pathogenic Mechanism].,"Infertility affects approximately one-sixth of the people of childbearing age worldwide, causing not only economic burdens of treatment for families with fertility problems but also psychological stress for patients and presenting challenges to societal and economic development. Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) refers to the loss of ovarian function in women before the age of 40 due to the depletion of follicles or decreased quality of remaining follicles, constituting a significant cause of female infertility. In recent years, with the help of the rapid development in genetic sequencing technology, it has been demonstrated that genetic factors play a crucial role in the onset of POI. Among the population suffering from POI, genetic studies have revealed that genes involved in processes such as meiosis, DNA damage repair, and mitosis account for approximately 37.4% of all pathogenic and potentially pathogenic genes identified. FA complementation group M (FANCM) is a group of genes involved in the damage repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs), including FANCA-FANCW. Abnormalities in the FANCM genes are associated with female infertility and FANCM gene knockout mice also exhibit phenotypes similar to those of POI. During the genetic screening of POI patients, this study identified a suspicious variant in FANCM. This study aims to explore the pathogenic mechanisms of the FANCM genes of the FA pathway and their variants in the development of POI. We hope to help shed light on potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the affected individuals.","['D005260', 'D016649', 'D006801', 'D009154', 'D005199', 'D000328', 'D007247', 'D004265']"
38947326,Comparing 2-day vs 3-day flu-CY lymphodepleting regimens for CD19 CAR T-cell therapy in patients with non-hodgkin's lymphoma.,"Lymphodepleting chemotherapy (LDC) is critical to CAR T-cell expansion and efficacy. Despite this, there is not a consensus in the literature regarding the optimal LDC regimen, including dose and frequency.","['D006801', 'D016219', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D018941', 'D014740', 'D012189', 'D008228', 'D000368', 'D003520', 'D000328', 'D008212', 'D016896', 'D000971', 'D001688', 'D011948']"
38947102,Chronic Pain and Joint Hypermobility: A Brief Diagnostic Review for Clinicians and the Potential Application of Infrared Thermography in Screening Hypermobile Inflamed Joints.,"Joint hypermobility syndromes, particularly chronic pain associated with this condition, including Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS) and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders (HSD), present diagnostic challenges due to their multifactorial origins and remain poorly understood from biomechanical and genomic-molecular perspectives. Recent diagnostic guidelines have differentiated hEDS, HSD, and benign joint hypermobility, providing a more objective diagnostic framework. However, incorrect diagnoses and underdiagnoses persist, leading to prolonged journeys for affected individuals. Musculoskeletal manifestations, chronic pain, dysautonomia, and gastrointestinal symptoms illustrate the multifactorial impact of these conditions, affecting both the physical and emotional well-being of affected individuals. Infrared thermography (IRT) emerges as a promising tool for joint assessment, especially in detecting inflammatory processes. Thermal distribution patterns offer valuable insights into joint dysfunctions, although the direct correlation between pain and inflammation remains challenging. The prevalence of neuropathies among hypermobile individuals accentuates the discordance between pain perception and thermographic findings, further complicating diagnosis and management. Despite its potential, the clinical integration of IRT faces challenges, with conflicting evidence hindering its adoption. However, studies demonstrate objective temperature disparities between healthy and diseased joints, especially under dynamic thermography, suggesting its potential utility in clinical practice. Future research focused on refining diagnostic criteria and elucidating the underlying mechanisms of hypermobility syndromes will be essential to improve diagnostic accuracy and enhance patient care in this complex and multidimensional context.","['D006801', 'D013817', 'D007593', 'D059350', 'D004535', 'D007249', 'D007259']"
38946385,Evaluation of interleukin-18 levels in patients affected by multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: analysis and review of the literature.,"Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a preneoplastic disease that often precedes multiple myeloma. The multistep evolutionary pattern of multiple myeloma is driven by genetic instability, a pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironment, and tumor growth. Inflammation has long been recognized as a factor in both the onset and progression of cancer.","['D006801', 'D020382', 'D009101', 'D008998', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D016022']"
38946191,Leukomelanoderma Resembling Hyperpigmented Mycosis Fungoides.,"Acquired circumscribed hyperpigmented patches and plaques have various differential diagnoses, including post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and mycosis fungoides (MF). Leukomelanoderma is an uncommon cutaneous condition in which the pathogenesis is not fully elucidated. It has been reported that leukomelanoderma occurs after allergic contact dermatitis from hydroquinone or acute cutaneous graft-versus-host disease (1,2). Hyperpigmented MF is a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with a frequent CD8+ phenotype (3). Herein, we report a case of leukomelanoderma clinically and histologically resembling hyperpigmented MF. A 55-year-old Japanese woman was referred to our department for evaluation of reticulate pigmentation with pruritic erythema on the face. She had used commercially available depigmenting cosmetic reagents for 20 years and ointment containing 10% hydroquinone for 3 months. Physical examination revealed diffuse hyperpigmentation and demarcated hypopigmented macules on the face and neck (Figure 1, a). Dermoscopy showed depigmented spots and reticulated plus dotted hyperpigmentation; it presented a pseudo-pigment network (Figure 1, b). Histological examination of a tissue specimen biopsied from the lesion showed superficial band-like lymphocytic infiltration in dermis accompanying single cells or small clusters in epidermis (Figure 1, c). Interface changes were observed together with melanophages in the dermis. Melan-A-positive melanocytes were absent. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the epidermotropic lymphocytes were CD3+CD7-, and they had predominance of CD8+ cells (Figure 1, d). These immunohistochemical results mimicked MF. However, PCR analysis of the T-cell receptor g-gene rearrangement was negative. Closed patch test result with hydroquinone (5% pet.) was graded D2 (+?) and D3 (+). Ten months after discontinuing cosmetic reagents and hydroquinone, the pigmentary changes showed improvement. The pathomechanism of leukomelanoderma is unclear. Although post-inflammatory pigmentation due to allergic or contact dermatitis together with direct depigmenting effects from hydroquinone use has been suggested (1), the immunophenotype of T-cells has not been examined. As observed in our patient, interface changes with melanophages, in addition to frequent CD8+ phenotype of the epidermotropism and dermal infiltrate of lymphocytes, were characteristic for hyperpigmented MF (3). Moreover, minimal CD7 expression was a specific finding for MF (4). T-cell receptor clonality was negative in our patient, but the clonality appears to be detected by PCR in up to 50% of the patients with early MF (3). In contrast, the closed patch test was positive for hydroquinone in our patient, and it is reported that CD8+ T-cells are recruited to the interphase between the epidermis and the dermis of the patients with allergic contact dermatitis (5). CD8+ T-cells might contribute to acute cutaneous graft-versus-host disease-like interface changes and destroy melanocytes in the leukomelanoderma lesion. Allergic contact dermatitis presenting as leukomelanoderma was thus suggested in our patient. However, further reports and studies are required to support this issue. Therefore, we considered it necessary to follow the patient, since MF was not absolutely eliminated.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D009182', 'D017495', 'D012878', 'D003937']"
38945933,Recurrent Cerebral Hemorrhaging with Platelet Dysfunction Accompanied by Anti-glycoprotein VI Autoantibodies in a Patient with TAFRO Syndrome.,"Thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, renal dysfunction, and organomegaly (TAFRO) syndrome is an inflammatory disorder with an unclear pathogenesis. We herein report a case of TAFRO syndrome in remission in a patient who experienced recurrent intracranial bleeding despite a normal platelet count and coagulation system. A further investigation suggested the presence of anti-glycoprotein VI (GPVI) autoantibodies in the plasma, which induced platelet dysfunction and bleeding tendency. No new bleeding or relapse of TAFRO syndrome occurred after immunosuppressive therapy was initiated. These findings may help elucidate the autoimmune pathogenesis of TAFRO syndrome.","['D006801', 'D001323', 'D012008', 'D013577', 'D010980', 'D002543', 'D013921', 'D005334', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D008297', 'D001791']"
38945932,Activated CD4+ T Cell Proportion in the Peripheral Blood Correlates with the Duration of Cytokine Release Syndrome and Predicts Clinical Outcome after Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy.,"Objective Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is an emerging and effective therapy for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL). The characteristic toxicities of CAR T cell therapy include cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and prolonged cytopenia. We investigated the factors associated with these complications after CAR T cell therapy by analyzing lymphocyte subsets following CAR T cell infusion. Methods We retrospectively analyzed peripheral blood samples on days 7, 14, and 28 after tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel) infusion by flow cytometry at our institution between June 2020 and September 2022. Patients Thirty-five patients with R/R DLBCL who received tisa-cel therapy were included. Results A flow cytometry-based analysis of blood samples from these patients revealed that the proportion of CD4+CD25+CD127+ T cells (hereafter referred to as ""activated CD4+ T cells"" ) among the total CD4+ T cells on day 7 after tisa-cel infusion correlated with the duration of CRS (r=0.79, p<0.01). In addition, a prognostic analysis of the overall survival (OS) using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves indicated a significantly more favorable OS and progression-free survival of patients with a proportion of activated CD4+ T cells among the total CD4+ T cells <0.73 (p=0.01, and p<0.01, respectively). Conclusion These results suggest that the proportion of activated CD4+ T cells on day 7 after tisa-cel infusion correlates with the CRS duration and predicts clinical outcomes after CAR T cell therapy. Further studies with a larger number of patients are required to validate these observations.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000080424', 'D016219', 'D008875', 'D016403', 'D000368', 'D012189', 'D015496', 'D000328', 'D016896', 'D000076962', 'D011379', 'D011948']"
38945852,Plasma Venetoclax Concentrations in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treated with CYP3A4 Inhibitors.,"Venetoclax (VEN) is used in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4, a major drug-metabolizing enzyme. Patients with AML simultaneously administered VEN and CYP3A4 inhibitors require a more appropriate management of drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Here, we report two cases of patients with AML (54-year-old man and 22-year-old woman) administrated VEN and CYP3A4 inhibitors, such as posaconazole, cyclosporine, or danazol. In the first case, we evaluated the appropriateness of timing for adjusting VEN dosage subsequent to the cessation of posaconazole. Consequently, modifying the VEN dosage in conjunction with the cessation of Posaconazole simultaneously may result in elevated plasma VEN levels. In the second case, plasma VEN concentrations were markedly elevated when co-administered with several CYP3A4 inhibitors. Additionally, in vitro assays were conducted for reverse translational studies to analyze CYP3A4 inhibition. CYP3A4 inhibition by combinatorial administration of cyclosporine A and danazol was demonstrated in vitro, which potentially explains the increasing plasma VEN concentrations observed in clinical settings. Although the acquisition of therapeutic effects is a major priority for patients, frequent therapeutic drug monitoring and dosage adjustments considering DDIs would be important factors in chemotherapy.","['D006801', 'D013449', 'D015470', 'D065692', 'D004347', 'D008297', 'D055815', 'D008875', 'D019086', 'D005260', 'D016903', 'D051544', 'D016572', 'D014230', 'D000970']"
38945571,Improvement of in vivo iron bioavailability using mung bean peptide-ferrous chelate.,"There is an increasing amount of research into the development of a third generation of iron supplementation using peptide-iron chelates. Peptides isolated from mung bean were chelated with ferrous iron (MBP-Fe) and tested as a supplement in mice suffering from iron-deficiency anemia (IDA). Mice were randomly divided into seven groups: a group fed the normal diet, the IDA model group, and IDA groups treated with inorganic iron (FeSO4), organic iron (ferrous bisglycinate, Gly-Fe), low-dose MBP-Fe(L-MBP-Fe), high-dose MBP-Fe(H-MBP-Fe), and MBP mixed with FeSO4 (MBP/Fe). The different iron supplements were fed for 28 days via intragastric administration. The results showed that MBP-Fe and MBP/Fe had ameliorative effects, restoring hemoglobin (HGB), red blood cell (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), and serum iron (SI) levels as well as total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and body weight gain of the IDA mice to normal levels. Compared to the inorganic (FeSO4) and organic (Gly-Fe) iron treatments, the spleen coefficient and damage to liver and spleen tissues were significantly lower in the H-MBP-Fe and MBP/Fe mixture groups, with reparative effects on jejunal tissue. Gene expression analysis of the iron transporters Dmt 1 (Divalent metal transporter 1), Fpn 1 (Ferroportin 1), and Dcytb (Duodenal cytochrome b) indicated that MBP promoted iron uptake. These findings suggest that mung bean peptide-ferrous chelate has potential as a peptide-based dietary supplement for treating iron deficiency.","['D000818', 'D000070658', 'D018798', 'D001682', 'D051379', 'D005296', 'D010455', 'D007501', 'D008297', 'D007502', 'D006454', 'D019587', 'D027682', 'D004195', 'D005998']"
38945554,Extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma presenting with extensive organ involvement.,"Extranodal involvement in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is defined as disease outside of the lymph nodes and occurs in up to one-third of patients, though multiorgan extranodal involvement is rare. Here, we describe a case of a patient presenting with widely metastatic lesions, including involvement of the lung, parotid gland, breast, pancreas, femur and multiple soft tissue masses, with initial concern for primary breast malignancy. Breast pathology and imaging were consistent with triple-expressor, double-hit stage IV high-grade B-cell lymphoma with extensive extranodal involvement. Extranodal involvement is a poor prognostic factor associated with high rates of treatment failure, and novel therapies targeting CD19 are currently being studied for relapsed and refractory DLBCL. Extranodal disease is a complex entity that can involve virtually any organ system and should be considered for new presentations of malignancy.","['D006801', 'D016403', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D001943', 'D008175', 'D010307', 'D010190', 'D000971', 'D017809']"
38944742,Subarachnoid Hemorrhage as a Presentation of Hemophilia: A Case Report.,"A young boy presented with features of non-traumatic Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with hematemesis and melaena. He has had past history of prolonged bleeding following cut injury even requiring blood transfusion after circumcision. On examination, he was found confused, severely anemic, with presence of neck rigidity and painful swelling of right knee joint. But no positive family history was found. Non-contrast CT scan showed SAH. Cerebral angiography showed no aneurysm but knee joint had features of hemarthrosis. He was resuscitated and hemophilia was diagnosed on the basis of clinical suspicion of clotting factor assay. Specific treatment started in collaboration with Department of Hematology. This is a rare presentation of hemophilia as well as very uncommon cause of non-traumatic non-aneurysmal SAH.","['D006801', 'D006467', 'D008297', 'D013345', 'D000293']"
38944730,Clinico-Pathological Profiles of Multiple Myeloma Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital.,"Multiple myeloma (MM), mature B-cell lineage neoplasm, is characterized by abnormal clonal proliferation of plasma cells and presence of monoclonal protein (M protein). The study was conducted to reveal presenting features, laboratory findings, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status and skeletal survey on patients with multiple myeloma. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Haematology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2019 to July 2020 with a sample size of 81. Data were collected in a case record form after obtaining informed verbal consent from patients and /or their legal guardians. Relevant ethical issues and data quality assurance were taken into consideration. Data were analyzed with SPSS, Version 25.0 with presentation in figures and tables with frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation based on data nature. Statistical tests were carried out as appropriate with 5.0% level of significance for assessing statistical association. Mean age of the patients was 58.9±12.0 years. Male female ratio was 2:1. 35(43.2%) patients were smokers with only 2(2.5%) had family history of haematological malignancies. Bone pain (72.8%) was the most common presenting feature, while hypertension (59.1%), diabetes mellitus (29.5%), respiratory illness (11.3%) and cardiac disease (11.4%) were the common co-morbidities. Most common ECOG performance status was ECOG-1(48.1%). Mean haemoglobin (Hb) was 9.4±2.3gm/dl and mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 89.5±42.1 mm in 1st hour. Mean serum creatinine level was 2.0±1.85 mg/dl and ≥2.0mg/dl in 42(34.2%). Among 50 documentation serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was raised in 18(36.0%). Mean serum calcium level was 9.6±1.8mg/dl >11.0mg/dL in 10(14.5%) cases. Serum albumin <3.5gm/dl in 37(49.3%), β2-microglobulin >5.5mg/dl in 37(57.8%) cases, International staging system (ISS) stage III was in 59.4% and Bence Jones Protein (BJP) was present in 46.7% cases. Lytic lesions were present in 75.0%, In 38(74.5%) patients vertebrae were involved, while in 18(35.2%) ribs were involved, in 14(27.5%) patients skull was involved and in 3(5.9%) patients involved bones were femur, humerus, sternum and scapula. Mean plasma cells percentage was 62.1±24.9%. Immuno-Fixation Electrophoresis (IFE) revealed IgG (72.7%), IgA (18.2%), Free light chain (FLC) (9.1%). FLC ratio was ≥100 in 29.0% cases. Significant statistical association was observed between serum creatinine with Hb concentration (p<0.05), serum creatinine level with ISS staging (p<0.05) and serum calcium level (p<0/05), while insignificant association was revealed between BJP present status and serum creatinine level (p>0.05). Bone pain, fatigue, fever and neurological impairment were the common presenting features. Anaemia, renal impairment and skeletal lytic events were the prominent physical findings. ISS staging was statistically associated with serum creatinine level, while serum calcium level was associated with serum creatinine and lytic lesions.","['D006801', 'D009101', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D003430', 'D062606', 'D000368', 'D001459', 'D000328']"
38944681,Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia After Revascularization of Gustilo-Anderson Type IIIC Open Lower Leg Fracture: A Case Report of Subsequent Ischemic Limb Salvage Failure.,"BACKGROUND Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a disease in which the immune response elicited by heparin results in a state of hypercoagulability and platelet activation, leading to thrombocytopenia and thromboembolism. Gustilo-Anderson type IIIC open fractures of the extremities are defined as open fractures presenting with arterial injuries that require repair and result in treatment challenges and complications. The diagnosis of HIT can be difficult in patients with severe trauma with consumptive thrombocytopenia associated with heavy bleeding and the use of heparin after vascular anastomosis. CASE REPORT A 48-year-old man was injured in a car accident, pinching his right lower leg and sustaining a Gustilo-Anderson type IIIc open fracture, for which he underwent emergency revascularization surgery. Heparin was administered continuously immediately after the surgery. On postoperative day 9, ischemic changes were observed in the right foot, and we performed suture re-anastomosis; however, the blood circulation in the right lower leg did not resume, and right lower leg amputation was performed due to ischemic necrosis with the onset of HIT. Postoperatively, the patient was switched to edoxaban after the recovery of his platelet count. Thereafter, the patient experienced no new thrombus occlusion or wound trouble, and was able to walk on a prosthetic leg and return to daily life. CONCLUSIONS It is important to consider the possibility of HIT as soon as thrombocytopenia appears in patients with Gustilo-Anderson type IIIC open fracture who are receiving heparin after vascular anastomosis, as a delayed diagnosis of HIT can make it difficult to save the limb.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D006493', 'D013921', 'D005597', 'D023821', 'D000925', 'D007511']"
38944652,COVID-19 vaccination and major cardiovascular and haematological adverse events in Abu Dhabi: retrospective cohort study.,"The widespread administration of COVID-19 vaccines has prompted a need to understand their safety profile. This investigation focuses on the safety of inactivated and mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, particularly concerning potential cardiovascular and haematological adverse events. A retrospective cohort study was conducted for 1.3 million individuals residing in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, who received 1.8 million doses of the inactivated BBIBP CorV (by SinoPharm) and mRNA-based BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccines between June 1, 2021, and June 30, 2022. The study's primary outcome was to assess the occurrence of selected cardiovascular and haematological events leading to hospitalization or emergency room visits within 21 days post-vaccination. Results showed no significant increase in the incidence rates of these events compared to the subsequent 22 to 42 days following vaccination. Analysis revealed no elevated risk for adverse outcomes following first (IRR 1·03; 95% CI 0·82-1·31), second (IRR 0·92; 95% CI 0·72-1·16) and third (IRR 0·82; 95% CI 0·66-1·00) doses of either vaccine. This study found no substantial link between receiving either mRNA and inactivated COVID-19 vaccines and a higher likelihood of cardiovascular or haematological events within 21 days after vaccination.","['D006801', 'D012189', 'D014479', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000086663', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D000086382', 'D002318', 'D000090982', 'D015164', 'D000086402', 'D014611', 'D000368', 'D055815', 'D006402', 'D000293']"
38944438,Monochorionic Twin Complications and Fetoscopic Interventions.,"Monochorionic twins are at risk for complications due to the presence of placental vascular anastomoses, including twin-twin transfusion syndrome, twin anemia-polycythemia sequence, selective fetal growth restriction, and twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence. While ultrasound is the primary modality to screen for the development of these complications, MRI plays an important role in assessing monochorionic twin pregnancies for the development of other complications, such as neurologic injury. In this article, the authors review the ultrasound imaging findings associated with monochorionic twin complications, management options, and the role for MRI in these pregnancies.","['D006801', 'D011247', 'D005332', 'D005260', 'D008279', 'D005330', 'D059285', 'D016216', 'D014430']"
38943529,Outcome of Cyclophosphamide Treatment Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in a Thalassemia Patient: A Case Study.,"Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only curative therapy for β-thalassemia major in children. However, it often induces graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD), which is associated with complications. In the present study, we used cyclophosphamide (Cy) to treat a thalassemia patient post-HSCT to reduce the adverse effects of GVHD. We monitored the numbers and phenotype of granulocytes. In this case study, an 11-year-old female patient, diagnosed with β-thalassemia major (Pesaro class II), was treated with Cy before and after HSCT with mobilized CD34+ cells. Both the relative and absolute granulocyte counts, as well as CD33+CD11b+ cell counts, increased significantly after HSCT until day 56. However, they suddenly began to decrease after day 56, accompanied by severe diarrhea, skin rash, and a decrease in bilirubin levels compared to day -12. Furthermore, compared to day -12, IL-22 levels increased until day 56, and then decreased, while IDO levels continued to rise after day 56. Our data suggest the potential use of IL-22 and IDO as biomarkers for GVHD assessment. It also indicates that Cy promotes HSCT reconstitution by increasing CD33+CD11b+ cells, which may play a crucial role in reducing GVHD risks. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism behind GVHD recurrence.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D018380', 'D003520', 'D002648', 'D006086', 'D017086', 'D016896', 'D015415', 'D007166']"
38943466,Small molecule-regulated switches to provide functional control of CAR T cells within the patient.,"CAR T cells have generated great excitement due to their remarkable clinical response rates in selected hematologic malignancies. However, these engineered immune cells are living drugs which are hard to control after administration.","['D006801', 'D016219', 'D000076962', 'D013601', 'D000818', 'D019337']"
38943330,An Unusual Case of Alcoholic Liver Disease Associated with Secondary IgA Vasculitic Nephritis presenting as Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis.,"IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a fairly common association with alcoholic liver disease. However, IgA vasculitis (IgAV) is quite an uncommon association with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and only a handful of cases have been reported in literature. Secondary IgAN usually presents in a docile manner, progressing slowly in about 5-25 years. It is usually responsive to steroid therapy, very rarely progressing to End-Stage Renal Disease. Here, we present a man in his late 50s, a known hypertensive and alcohol related liver-cirrhotic, who presented to our hospital with rash and rapidly progressive renal failure (RPRF). He was diagnosed with IgA nephritis with IgA vasculitis (IgAVN). His diagnosis was confirmed with skin and renal biopsy. He was started on renal replacement therapy for his renal failure and began oral steroid therapy. After administration of steroid therapy for 6 months, the patient recovered and was dialysis independent with stable renal parameters.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005922', 'D008875', 'D018450', 'D008108', 'D011695', 'D014657']"
38943327,[When a Headache Is Not Just Hypertension: A Case of Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in a Young Patient].,"Thrombotic microangiopathies represent a group of particularly serious pathologies that can cause a rapid worsening of renal function, especially in young subjects. Through the clinical case described, we will focus our attention on the clinical and laboratory manifestations of the pathology, on the diagnostics and on the therapies to be used. Recent therapeutic innovations for the treatment of this pathology will also be analysed.","['D006801', 'D065766', 'D006261', 'D006973', 'D008297', 'D005260']"
38943324,[HIF-ɑ: New Target For Treatment of Renal Anemia. Molecular Aspects and Activation of Pathway HREs].,"Roxadustat, recently approved, is a hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor that has demonstrated favorable safety and efficacy in the treatment of renal anemia. This article reviews main features and possible effects by activation of pathway sequences HREs.","['D006801', 'D000740', 'D007546', 'D051795', 'D005998', 'D058990', 'D064800', 'D051792']"
38943241,A 67-Year-Old Man with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) on Maintenance Therapy with Ibrutinib with Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Infection Unresponsive to Antiviral Treatments.,"BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 infection can persist in immunocompromised patients with hematological malignancies, despite antiviral treatment. This report is of a 67-year-old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), secondary hypogammaglobulinemia, and thrombocytopenia on maintenance therapy with ibrutinib, with persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection unresponsive to antiviral treatment, including remdesivir, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid), and tixagevimab/cilgavimab (Evusheld). CASE REPORT The patient was admitted to our hospital 3 times. During his first hospitalization, he was treated with 5-day course of remdesivir and intravenous steroids; however, antigen and molecular nasopharyngeal swabs were persistently positive, and he was discharged home. Due to respiratory worsening, he was rehospitalized, and despite being treated initially with tixagevimab/cilgavimab, and subsequently with a remdesivir course of 5 days, SARS-CoV-2 tests remained persistently positive. During his third hospital stay, our patient was subjected to combined therapy with remdesivir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir for 5 days, obtaining a significant reduction of viral load at both antigen and molecular testing. As an ultimate attempt to achieve a negative status before discharge, a 10-day course of combined remdesivir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir was administered, with a temporary reduction of viral load, followed by a sudden increase immediately after the discontinuation of Paxlovid. Due to worsening hematological disease and bacterial over-infections, the patient gradually worsened until death. CONCLUSIONS This is an emblematic case of correlation between persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunosuppression status in hematological hosts. In these patients, the viral load remains high, favoring the evolution of the virus, and the immunodeficiency makes it difficult to identify the appropriate therapeutic approach.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D015451', 'D000225', 'D000086382', 'D010880', 'D000998', 'D000093485', 'D000086402', 'D000249', 'D000409', 'D016867', 'D060046']"
38943201,Biomarker Driven Antifungal Stewardship (BioDriveAFS) in acute leukaemia-a multi-centre randomised controlled trial to assess clinical and cost effectiveness: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.,"Acute leukaemias (AL) are life-threatening blood cancers that can be potentially cured with treatment involving myelosuppressive, multiagent, intensive chemotherapy (IC). However, such treatment is associated with a risk of serious infection, in particular invasive fungal infection (IFI) associated with prolonged neutropenia. Current practice guidelines recommend primary antifungal (AF) prophylaxis to be administered to high-risk patients to reduce IFI incidence. AFs are also used empirically to manage prolonged neutropenic fever. Current strategies lead to substantial overuse of AFs. Galactomannan (GM) and β-D-glucan (BG) biomarkers are also used to diagnose IFI. Combining both biomarkers may enhance the predictability of IFI compared to administering each test alone. Currently, no large-scale randomised controlled trial (RCT) has directly compared a biomarker-based diagnostic screening strategy without AF prophylaxis to AF prophylaxis (without systematic biomarker testing).","['D006801', 'D000935', 'D003362', 'D016032', 'D000072742', 'D015337', 'D015415', 'D005690', 'D008351', 'D016896', 'D047071', 'D000073602', 'D007938', 'D013997', 'D000094703']"
38943147,Crohn's disease in hemophilic arthropathy patient: a case report.,"Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease affecting the digestive tract, the incidence of which is on the rise worldwide. The most common clinical manifestation of hemophilia is arthropathy secondary to recurrent joint effusions and chronic synovitis. This article reports on a rare 25-year-old male patient with both hemophilic arthropathy and Crohn's disease who was at risk for pathogenic gastrointestinal bleeding. After undergoing endoscopic pathologic testing and genetic testing, a multidisciplinary expert work-up of a treatment and nutritional plan was performed. The patient improved clinically and adhered to conservative treatment. This case report is the first report of this rare co-morbidity, demonstrating the highly pathogenic mutation locus and summarizing the clinical experience of early diagnosis and treatment.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D003424', 'D000328', 'D006467', 'D007592', 'D006395']"
38956204,Design and radiosynthesis of class-IIa HDAC inhibitor with high molar activity via repositioning the 18F-radiolabel.,"The design and radiosynthesis of [18F]NT376, a high potency inhibitor of class-IIa histone deacetylases (HDAC) is reported. We utilized a three-step radiochemical approach that led to the radiosynthesis of [18F]NT376 in a good radiochemical yield, (17.0 ± 3%, decay corrected), high radiochemical purity (> 97%) and relatively high molar activity of 185.0 GBq/µmol (> 5.0 Ci/µmol). The repositioning of the 18F-radiolabel into a phenyl ring (18F-Fluoro-aryl) of the class-IIa HDAC inhibitor avoided the shortcomings of the direct radiolabeling of the 5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole moiety that was reported by us previously and was associated with low molar activity (0.74-1.51 GBq/µmol, 20-41 mCi/µmol). This radiochemical approach could find a wider application for radiolabeling similar molecules with good radiochemical yield and high molar activity.","['D056572', 'D005462', 'D019275', 'D015195', 'D006801', 'D011854', 'D010069']"
38954679,Do all sedatives promote biological sleep electroencephalogram patterns? A machine learning framework to identify biological sleep promoting sedatives using electroencephalogram.,"Sedatives are commonly used to promote sleep in intensive care unit patients. However, it is not clear whether sedation-induced states are similar to the biological sleep. We explored if sedative-induced states resemble biological sleep using multichannel electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings.","['D006801', 'D004569', 'D000069550', 'D006993', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D012890', 'D015742', 'D000077149', 'D020927', 'D012894', 'D055815']"
38954434,Erlotinib or Gefitinib for Treating Advanced Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation-Positive Lung Cancer in Aotearoa New Zealand: Protocol for a National Whole-of-Patient-Population Retrospective Cohort Study and Results of a Validation Substudy.,"Starting in 2010, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibitors erlotinib and gefitinib were introduced into routine use in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) for treating advanced lung cancer, but their impact in this setting is unknown.","['D006801', 'D000069347', 'D000077156', 'D008175', 'D066246', 'D012189', 'D009520', 'D009154', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D047428', 'D000970', 'D015331', 'D008875', 'D000368']"
38954416,"Extended-Infusion β-Lactam Therapy, Mortality, and Subsequent Antibiotic Resistance Among Hospitalized Adults With Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infections.",Current evidence is conflicting for associations of extended-infusion β-lactam (EI-BL) therapy with clinical outcomes.,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D016905', 'D000900', 'D047090', 'D000368', 'D016470', 'D007262', 'D015331', 'D014481', 'D000328', 'D012189']"
38954161,Advanced Delivery Strategies of Nintedanib for Lung Disorders and Beyond: A Comprehensive Review.,"Nintedanib, a primary treatment for lung fibrosis, has gathered substantial attention due to its multifaceted potential. A tyrosine kinase inhibitor, nintedanib, inhibits multiple signalling receptors, including endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and ultimately inhibits fibroblast proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, nintedanib has been studied widely for other ailments like cancers and hepatic fibrosis, apart from lung disorders. Commercially, nintedanib is available as soft gelatin capsules for treatment against idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Since it has very low oral bioavailability (4.7%), high doses of a drug, such as 100-150 mg, are administered, which can cause problems of gastrointestinal irritation and hepatotoxicity. The article begins with exploring the mechanism of action of nintedanib, elucidating its complex interactions within cellular pathways that govern fibrotic processes. It also emphasizes the pharmacokinetics of nintedanib, clinical trial insights, and the limitations of conventional formulations. The article mainly focuses on the emerging landscape of nanoparticle-based carriers such as hybrid liposome-exosome, nano liquid crystals, discoidal polymeric, and magnetic systems, offering promising avenues to optimize drug targeting, address its efficacy issues and minimise adverse effects. However, none of these delivery systems are commercialised, and further research is required to ensure safety and effectiveness in clinical settings. Yet, as research progresses, these advanced delivery systems promise to revolutionise the treatment landscape for various fibrotic disorders and cancers, potentially improving patient outcomes and quality of life.","['D006801', 'D007211', 'D016503', 'D000818', 'D008171', 'D047428', 'D054990']"
38954114,"OsNAC121 regulates root development, tillering, panicle morphology, and grain filling in rice plant.","Transcription factors in coordination with phytohormones form an intricate regulatory network modulating vital cellular mechanisms like development, growth and senescence in plants. In this study, we have functionally characterized the transcription factor OsNAC121 by developing gene silencing and overexpressing transgenic rice plants, followed by detailed analyses of the plant architecture. Transgenic lines exhibited remodelling in crown root development, lateral root structure and density, tiller height and number, panicle and grain morphologies, underpinning the imbalanced auxin: cytokinin ratio due to perturbed auxin transportation. Application of cytokinin, auxin and abscisic acid increased OsNAC121 gene expression nearly 17-, 6- and 91-folds, respectively. qRT-PCR results showed differential expressions of auxin and cytokinin pathway genes, implying their altered levels. A 47-fold higher expression level of OsNAC121 during milky stage in untransformed rice, compared to 14-day old shoot tissue, suggests its crucial role in grain filling; as evidenced by a large number of undeveloped grains produced by the gene silenced lines. Crippled gravitropic response by the transgenic plants indicates their impaired auxin transport. Bioinformatics revealed that OsNAC121 interacts with co-repressor (TOPLESS) proteins and forms a part of the inhibitor complex OsIAA10, an essential core component of auxin signalling pathway. Therefore, OsNAC121 emerges as an important regulator of various aspects of plant architecture through modulation of crosstalk between auxin and cytokinin, altering their concentration gradient in the meristematic zones, and consequently modifying different plant organogenesis processes.","['D012275', 'D018517', 'D018506', 'D010940', 'D030821', 'D007210', 'D003583', 'D010937', 'D014157', 'D000040', 'D002523']"
38954055,Application of Optimization Response Surface for the Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye onto Zinc-coated Activated Carbon.,"The activated carbon was produced in the first phase of this investigation by chemically activating hazelnut shell waste with H3PO4. Composite materials were obtained by coating the activated carbon with zinc oxide, whose BET surface area was calculated as 1278 m2 g-1. ZnO-doped ZnO/AC composite was synthesized as an adsorbent for its possible application in the elimination of organic dyestuff MB, and its removal efficiency was investigated. Morphological properties of ZnO/AC were characterized using analytical methods such as XRD, SEM, and BET. The adsorption system and its parameters were investigated and modeled using the response surface method of batch adsorption experiments. The experimental design consisted of three levels of pH (3, 6.5, and 10), initial MB concentration (50, 100, and 150 mg L-1), dosage (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 g 100 mL-1), and contact time (5, 50, and 95 min). The results from the RSM suggested that the MB removal efficiency was 98.7% under the optimum conditions of the experimental factors. The R2 value, which expresses the significance of the model, was determined as 99.05%. Adsorption studies showed that the equilibrium data fit well with the Langmuir isotherm model compared to Freundlich. The maximum adsorption capacity was calculated as 270.70 mg g-1.","['D000327', 'D002606', 'D014874', 'D008751', 'D015034', 'D014865', 'D007700', 'D018508', 'D004396', 'D015032']"
38953502,Investigation of the effects of curcumin and piperine on cyclophosphamide-induced brain injury in rats.,"Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an antineoplastic drug widely used in chemotherapy. Curcumin (CUR) and piperine (PP) show a protective effect on neurodegenerative and neurological diseases. This research was designed to measure several biochemical parameters in the brain tissue of CP-applied rats to investigate the impact of combined CUR-PP administration. The study evaluated six groups of eight rats: Group 1 was the control; Groups 2 and 3 were administered 200 or 300 mg/kg CUR-PP via oral gavage; Group 4 received only 200 mg/kg CP on day 1; Groups 5 and 6 received CP + CUR-PP for 7 days. Data from all parameters indicated that CP caused brain damage. Phosphorylated TAU (pTAU), amyloid-beta peptide 1-42 (Aβ1-42), glutamate (GLU), and gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) parameters were the same in Groups 4, 5, and 6. On the other hand, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kβ), malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in the CP + CUR-PP groups were lower than those in the CP group (p < 0.05). However, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reduced glutathione (GSH) parameters were higher in the CP + CUR-PP groups compared to the CP group (p < 0.05). It is thought that the similarity of Groups 5 and 6 with Group 4 in Aβ1-42, pTAU, GLU, and GABA parameters hinder the determination of treatment protection however, they might have a therapeutic effect if the applied dose or study duration were changed. This study attempted to evaluate the effects of a CUR-PP combination on CP-induced brain damage in rats by measuring biochemical parameters and performing histopathological examinations. Based on the findings, this CUR-PP combination could be considered an alternative medicine option in cases with conditions similar to those evaluated in this study.","['D000818', 'D053284', 'D052117', 'D003474', 'D010880', 'D000470', 'D051381', 'D003520', 'D008297', 'D001930', 'D017208', 'D001921', 'D018384', 'D018696']"
38952677,A Novel Multi-Effect Photosensitizer for Tumor Destruction via Multimodal Imaging Guided Synergistic Cancer Phototherapy.,"How to ingeniously design multi-effect photosensitizers (PSs), including multimodal imaging and multi-channel therapy, is of great significance for highly spatiotemporal controllable precise phototherapy of malignant tumors.","['D017319', 'D064847', 'D054833', 'D000818', 'D006801', 'D007211', 'D010778', 'D053758', 'D051379', 'D017967', 'D009942', 'D045744', 'D061088', 'D000082703', 'D009369', 'D008807', 'D010789', 'D005260']"
38952201,"Anticoagulation and Antiplatelet Regimen in Cardiac Transplant. Clinical Characteristics, Outcomes, and Blood Product Transfusion.","We aimed to evaluate the characteristics, clinical outcomes, and blood product transfusion (BPT) rates of patients undergoing cardiac transplant (CT) while receiving uninterrupted anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D012189', 'D008875', 'D010975', 'D000925', 'D005500', 'D016027', 'D011379', 'D001803', 'D012307', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D000069604', 'D011183']"
38952032,Reactivation by novel pyridinium oximes of rat serum and skeletal muscle acetylcholinesterase inhibited by organophosphates.,"The treatment of organophosphate (OP) anticholinesterases currently lacks an effective oxime reactivator of OP-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) which can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Our laboratories have synthesized novel substituted phenoxyalkyl pyridinium oximes and tested them for their ability to promote survival of rats challenged with lethal doses of nerve agent surrogates. These previous studies demonstrated the ability of some of these oximes to promote 24-h survival to rats challenged with a lethal level of highly relevant surrogates for sarin and VX. The reactivation of OP-inhibited AChE in peripheral tissues was likely to be a major contributor to their efficacy in survival of lethal OP challenges. In the present study, twenty of these novel oximes were screened in vitro for reactivation ability for AChE in rat skeletal muscle and serum using two nerve agent surrogates: phthalimidyl isopropyl methylphosphonate (PIMP, a sarin surrogate) and 4-nitrophenyl ethyl methylphosphonate (NEMP, a VX surrogate). The oximes demonstrated a range of 23%-102% reactivation of AChE in vitro across both tissue types. Some of the novel oximes tested in the present study demonstrated the ability to more effectively reactivate AChE in serum than the currently approved oxime, 2-PAM. Therefore, some of these novel oximes have the potential to reverse AChE inhibition in peripheral target tissues and contribute to survival efficacy.","['D000818', 'D010091', 'D051381', 'D000110', 'D018482', 'D002800', 'D010755', 'D008297', 'D002801', 'D011726', 'D017207']"
38952003,"Exploring chromone-2-carboxamide derivatives for triple-negative breast cancer targeting EGFR, FGFR3, and VEGF pathways: Design, synthesis, and preclinical insights.","Chromone-based compounds have established cytotoxic, antiproliferative, antimetastatic, and antiangiogenic effects on various cancer cell types via modulating different molecular targets. Herein, 17 novel chromone-2-carboxamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against 15 human cancer cell lines. Among the tested cell lines, MDA-MB-231, the triple-negative breast cancer cell line, was found to be the most sensitive, where the N-(2-furylmethylene) (15) and the α-methylated N-benzyl (17) derivatives demonstrated the highest growth inhibition with GI50 values of 14.8 and 17.1 μM, respectively. In vitro mechanistic studies confirmed the significant roles of compounds 15 and 17 in the induction of apoptosis and suppression of EGFR, FGFR3, and VEGF protein levels in MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. Moreover, compound 15 exerted cell cycle arrest at both the G0-G1 and G2-M phases. The in vivo efficacy of compound 15 as an antitumor agent was further investigated in female mice bearing Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma. Notably, administration of compound 15 resulted in a marked decrease in both tumor weight and volume, accompanied by improvements in biochemical, hematological, histological, and immunohistochemical parameters that verified the repression of both angiogenesis and inflammation as additional Anticancer mechanisms. Moreover, the binding interactions of compounds 15 and 17 within the binding sites of all three target receptors (EGFR, FGFR3, and VEGF) were clearly illustrated using molecular docking.","['D006801', 'D066246', 'D005260', 'D000818', 'D064726', 'D042461', 'D045744', 'D000970', 'D051498', 'D051379', 'D062105', 'D002867', 'D015195', 'D017209', 'D049109']"
38951868,"Seminal Papers in Urology: Darolutamide and survival in metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.","The ARASENS trial recruited 1306 men with metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer. It investigated the effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and systemic therapy docetaxel in combination with a third novel drug - daralutamide, compared with placebo on overall survival. Triple therapy with ADT, docetaxel and darolutamide resulted in improved overall survival rates as compared with ADT, docetaxel and placebo (HR 0.68; 95% CI, 0.57-0.80; p < 0.001). The side effect profile for both treatments was similar. This randomised, double blinded, placebo controlled study, was assessed to have a low risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool.","['D008297', 'D006801', 'D011471', 'D001549', 'D016032', 'D015996', 'D000726', 'D000077143', 'D011720']"
38951828,Effectiveness of e-cigarettes as a stop smoking intervention in adults: a systematic review.,This systematic review aims to identify the benefits and harms of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) as a smoking cessation aid in adults (aged ≥ 18 years) and to inform the development of the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care's (CTFPHC) clinical practice guidelines on e-cigarettes.,"['D000328', 'D006801', 'D066300', 'D009538', 'D016540', 'D000072137']"
38951758,"Optimizing water relations, gas exchange parameters, biochemical attributes and yield of water-stressed maize plants through seed priming with iron oxide nanoparticles.","Drought poses significant risks to maize cultivation by impairing plant growth, water uptake and yield; nano priming offers a promising avenue to mitigate these effects by enhancing plant water relations, stress tolerance and overall productivity. In the current experiment, we tested a hypothesis that seed priming with iron oxide nanoparticles (n-Fe2O3) can improve maize performance under water stress by improving its growth, water relations, yield and biochemical attributes. The experiment was conducted on a one main plot bisected into two subplots corresponding to the water and drought environments. Within each subplot, maize plants were raised from n-Fe2O3 primed seeds corresponding to 0 mg. L- 1 (as control treatment), 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg. L- 1 (as trial treatments). Seed priming with n-Fe2O3 at a concentration of 75 mg. L- 1 improved the leaf relative water content, water potential, photosynthetic water use efficiency, and leaf intrinsic water use efficiency of maize plants by 13%, 44%, 64% and 17%, respectively compared to control under drought stress. The same treatments improved plant biochemical attributes such as total chlorophyll content, total flavonoids and ascorbic acid by 37%, 22%, and 36%, respectively. Seed priming with n-Fe2O3 accelerated the functioning of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and POD and depressed the levels of leaf malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide significantly. Seed priming with n-Fe2O3 at a concentration of 75 mg. L- 1 improved cob length, number of kernel rows per cob, and 100 kernel weight by 59%, 27% and 33%, respectively, under drought stress. Seed priming with n-Fe2O3 can be used to increase maize production under limited water scenarios.","['D003313', 'D012639', 'D014867', 'D003681', 'D055864', 'D010788', 'D005290', 'D002734', 'D018515']"
38951658,Base preference for inosine 3'-riboendonuclease activity of human endonuclease V: implications for cleavage of poly-A tails containing inosine.,"Deamination of bases is a form of DNA damage that occurs spontaneously via the hydrolysis and nitrosation of living cells, generating hypoxanthine from adenine. E. coli endonuclease V (eEndoV) cleaves hypoxanthine-containing double-stranded DNA, whereas human endonuclease V (hEndoV) cleaves hypoxanthine-containing RNA; however, hEndoV in vivo function remains unclear. To date, hEndoV has only been examined using hypoxanthine, because it binds closely to the base located at the cleavage site. Here, we examined whether hEndoV cleaves other lesions (e.g., AP site, 6-methyladenine, xanthine) to reveal its function and whether 2'-nucleoside modification affects its cleavage activity. We observed that hEndoV is hypoxanthine-specific; its activity was the highest with 2'-OH modification in ribose. The cleavage activity of hEndoV was compared based on its base sequence. We observed that it has specificity for adenine located on the 3'-end of hypoxanthine at the cleavage site, both before and after cleavage. These data suggest that hEndoV recognizes and cleaves the inosine generated on the poly A tail to maintain RNA quality. Our results provide mechanistic insight into the role of hEndoV in vivo.","['D007288', 'D006801', 'D011061', 'D013379', 'D019271', 'D004706']"
38951252,The role of histamine and its receptors in breast cancer: from pathology to therapeutic targets.,"Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, and despite the development of new treatment methods and the decreasing mortality rate in recent years, one of the clinical problems in breast cancer treatment is chronic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. Histamine, an inflammatory mediator, is produced by tumor cells and can induce chronic inflammation and the growth of some tumors by recruiting inflammatory cells. It can also affect tumor physiopathology, antitumor treatment efficiency, and patient survival. Antihistamines, as histamine receptor antagonists, play a role in modulating the effects of these receptors in tumor cells and can affect some treatment methods for breast cancer therapy; in this review, we investigate the role of histamine, its receptors, and antihistamines in breast cancer pathology and treatment methods.","['D006801', 'D001943', 'D005260', 'D006632', 'D011968', 'D006633', 'D059016']"
38951200,Imidazolium-based ionic liquids disrupt saccharomyces cerevisiae cell membrane integrity.,"Ionic liquids (ILs) are interesting chemical compounds that have a wide range of industrial and scientific applications. They have extraordinary properties, such as the tunability of many of their physical properties and, accordingly, their activities; and the ease of synthesis methods. Hence, they became important building blocks in catalysis, extraction, electrochemistry, analytics, biotechnology, etc. This study determined antifungal activities of various imidazolium-based ionic liquids against yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae via minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) estimation method. Increasing the length of the alkyl group attached to the imidazolium cation, enhanced the antifungal activity of the ILs, as well as their ability of the disruption of the cell membrane integrity. FTIR studies performed on the S. cerevisiae cells treated with the ILs revealed alterations in the biochemical composition of these cells. Interestingly, the alterations in fatty acid content occurred in parallel with the increase in the activity of the molecules upon the increase in the length of the attached alkyl group. This trend was confirmed by statistical analysis and machine learning methodology. The classification of antifungal activities based on FTIR spectra of S. cerevisiae cells yielded a prediction accuracy of 83%, indicating the pharmacy and medicine industries could benefit from machine learning methodology. Furthermore, synthesized ionic compounds exhibit significant potential for pharmaceutical and medical applications.","['D012441', 'D052578', 'D007093', 'D000935', 'D002462', 'D008826', 'D017550']"
38951004,Study protocol for ADAPT-TDM: A beta-lactam antibiotic Dose AdaPtation feasibility randomised controlled Trial using Therapeutic Drug Monitoring.,"Critically ill patients are at risk of suboptimal beta-lactam antibiotic (beta-lactam) exposure due to the impact of altered physiology on pharmacokinetics. Suboptimal concentrations can lead to treatment failure or toxicity. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) involves adjusting doses based on measured plasma concentrations and individualising dosing to improve the likelihood of improving exposure. Despite its potential benefits, its adoption has been slow, and data on implementation, dose adaptation and safety are sparse. The aim of this trial is to assess the feasibility and fidelity of implementing beta-lactam TDM-guided dosing in the intensive care unit setting.","['D006801', 'D016903', 'D000900', 'D005240', 'D016638', 'D047090', 'D016032', 'D007362']"
38950372,The m6A reader SlYTH2 negatively regulates tomato fruit aroma by impeding the translation process.,"N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a fundamentally important RNA modification for gene regulation, whose function is achieved through m6A readers. However, whether and how m6A readers play regulatory roles during fruit ripening and quality formation remains unclear. Here, we characterized SlYTH2 as a tomato m6A reader protein and profiled the binding sites of SlYTH2 at the transcriptome-wide level. SlYTH2 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation and promotes RNA-protein condensate formation. The target mRNAs of SlYTH2, namely m6A-modified SlHPL and SlCCD1B associated with volatile synthesis, are enriched in SlYTH2-induced condensates. Through polysome profiling assays and proteomic analysis, we demonstrate that knockout of SlYTH2 expedites the translation process of SlHPL and SlCCD1B, resulting in augmented production of aroma-associated volatiles. This aroma enrichment significantly increased consumer preferences for CRISPR-edited fruit over wild type. These findings shed light on the underlying mechanisms of m6A in plant RNA metabolism and provided a promising strategy to generate fruits that are more attractive to consumers.","['D018551', 'D005638', 'D000241', 'D018506', 'D010940', 'D014176', 'D009812']"
38955227,Bio-inspired compensatory strategies for damage to flapping robotic propulsors.,"Natural swimmers and flyers can fully recover from catastrophic propulsor damage by altering stroke mechanics: some fish can lose even 76% of their propulsive surface without loss of thrust. We consider applying these principles to enable robotic flapping propulsors to autonomously repair functionality. However, direct transference of these alterations from an organism to a robotic flapping propulsor may be suboptimal owing to irrelevant evolutionary pressures. Instead, we use machine learning techniques to compare these alterations with those optimal for a robotic system. We implement an online artificial evolution with hardware-in-the-loop, performing experimental evaluations with a flexible plate. To recoup thrust, the learned strategy increased amplitude, frequency and angle of attack (AOA) amplitude, and phase-shifted AOA by approximately 110°. Only amplitude increase is reported by most fish literature. When recovering side force, we find that force direction is correlated with AOA. No clear amplitude or frequency trend is found, whereas frequency increases in most insect literature. These results suggest that how mechanical flapping propulsors most efficiently adjust to damage may not align with natural swimmers and flyers.","['D000818', 'D012371', 'D005399', 'D013550', 'D001696', 'D008954', 'D007313']"
38954458,"Body Composition and Energy Expenditure in Youth With Spina Bifida: Protocol for a Multisite, Cross-Sectional Study.","Obesity prevalence in youth with spina bifida is higher than in their typically developing peers. Obesity is associated with lifelong medical, psychological, and economic burdens. Successful prevention or treatment of obesity in individuals with spina bifida is compromised by (1) the lack of valid and reliable methods to identify body fat in a clinical setting and (2) limited data on energy expenditure that are necessary to provide daily caloric recommendations.","['D006801', 'D000293', 'D002648', 'D016135', 'D004734', 'D003430', 'D001823', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D002675', 'D011446', 'D015444']"
38953606,"Effects of acute beetroot juice intake on performance, maximal oxygen uptake, and ventilatory efficiency in well-trained master rowers: a randomized, double-blinded crossover study.","Beetroot juice (BRJ) intake has been considered a practical nutritional strategy among well-trained athletes. This study aimed to assess the effects of BRJ intake on performance, cardiorespiratory and metabolic variables during a simulated 2000-meter rowing ergometer test in well-trained master rowers.","['D006801', 'D004311', 'D018592', 'D008297', 'D027461', 'D000328', 'D054874', 'D000067030', 'D064133', 'D010101', 'D000073678', 'D008875', 'D019344', 'D005080']"
38953567,"Effects of heavy-load strength training during (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy on muscle strength, muscle fiber size, myonuclei, and satellite cells in women with breast cancer.","To investigate the effects of heavy-load strength training during (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy in women with breast cancer on muscle strength, body composition, muscle fiber size, satellite cells, and myonuclei. Women with stage I-III breast cancer were randomly assigned to a strength training group (ST, n = 23) performing supervised heavy-load strength training twice a week during chemotherapy, or a usual care control group (CON, n = 17). Muscle strength and body composition were measured and biopsies from m. vastus lateralis collected before the first cycle of chemotherapy (T0) and after chemotherapy and training (T1). Muscle strength increased significantly more in ST than in CON in chest-press (ST: +10 ± 8%, p < .001, CON: -3 ± 5%, p = .023) and leg-press (ST: +11 ± 8%, p < .001, CON: +3 ± 6%, p = .137). Both groups reduced fat-free mass (ST: -4.9 ± 4.0%, p < .001, CON: -5.2 ± 4.9%, p = .004), and increased fat mass (ST: +15.3 ± 16.5%, p < .001, CON: +16.3 ± 19.8%, p = .015) with no significant differences between groups. No significant changes from T0 to T1 and no significant differences between groups were observed in muscle fiber size. For myonuclei per fiber a non-statistically significant increase in CON and a non-statistically significant decrease in ST in type I fibers tended (p = .053) to be different between groups. Satellite cells tended to decrease in ST (type I: -14 ± 36%, p = .097, type II: -9 ± 55%, p = .084), with no changes in CON and no differences between groups. Strength training during chemotherapy improved muscle strength but did not significantly affect body composition, muscle fiber size, numbers of satellite cells, and myonuclei compared to usual care.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D053580', 'D001943', 'D055070', 'D032496', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D017024', 'D001823', 'D018485', 'D020360', 'D000368']"
38952974,Dragon boat exercise reshapes the temporal-spatial dynamics of the brain.,"Although exercise training has been shown to enhance neurological function, there is a shortage of research on how exercise training affects the temporal-spatial synchronization properties of functional networks, which are crucial to the neurological system. This study recruited 23 professional and 24 amateur dragon boat racers to perform simulated paddling on ergometers while recording EEG. The spatiotemporal dynamics of the brain were analyzed using microstates and omega complexity. Temporal dynamics results showed that microstate D, which is associated with attentional networks, appeared significantly altered, with significantly higher duration, occurrence, and coverage in the professional group than in the amateur group. The transition probabilities of microstate D exhibited a similar pattern. The spatial dynamics results showed the professional group had lower brain complexity than the amateur group, with a significant decrease in omega complexity in the α (8-12 Hz) and β (13-30 Hz) bands. Dragon boat training may strengthen the attentive network and reduce the complexity of the brain. This study provides evidence that dragon boat exercise improves the efficiency of the cerebral functional networks on a spatiotemporal scale.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D004569', 'D001921', 'D000328', 'D055815', 'D015444', 'D000073678', 'D001288', 'D005260']"
38952392,Associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time with renal function and chronic kidney disease: a national population-based study.,"There is limited information about the relationship between physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, this study aims to explore the associations of accelerometer-measured PA and sedentary behaviors with CKD.","['D006801', 'D051436', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D057185', 'D003430', 'D015444', 'D008875', 'D061725', 'D000328', 'D009749', 'D005919', 'D000368']"
38952187,Determinants influencing the implementation of multifactorial falls risk assessment and multidomain interventions in community- dwelling older people: a systematic review.,"Multifactorial falls risk assessment and multidomain interventions are recommended by the World guidelines for falls prevention and management. To successfully implement these interventions, it is important to understand determinants influencing the implementation.","['D006801', 'D000058', 'D018570', 'D057187', 'D000368', 'D012307', 'D015577', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000369']"
38951852,Palliative care national plan implementation through stakeholder analysis.,"National palliative care plans depend upon stakeholder engagement to succeed. Assessing the capability, interest, and knowledge of stakeholders is a crucial step in the implementation of public health initiatives, as recommended by the World Health Organisation. However, utilising stakeholder analysis is a strategy underused in public palliative care.","['D006801', 'D010166', 'D003430', 'D000073597', 'D011795', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008875']"
38951821,Joint association of weight-adjusted-waist index and physical activity with insulin resistance in adolescents: a cross-sectional study.,"The weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) is a recently developed obesity metric, and the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical activity (PA) and WWI and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in adolescents, as well as the joint association of HOMA-IR.","['D006801', 'D007333', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000293', 'D003430', 'D015444', 'D055105', 'D001835', 'D015992', 'D009749']"
38951803,Enhancing circulatory myokines and extracellular vesicle uptake with targeted exercise in patients with prostate cancer (the MYEX trial): a single-group crossover study.,"Physical activity is associated with improved disease progression and cancer-specific survival in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). However, the mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear, while the relative impact of exercise modes is unknown. This study aims to examine the differential impact of exercise mode on tumour-suppressive skeletal muscle-associated systemic molecules as well as their delivery mechanism. This study will compare the effects of the two main exercise modes, aerobic and resistance, on (1) circulatory myokine levels, (2) skeletal muscle-induced extracellular vesicle abundance and cargo contents, and (3) uptake of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in PCa cells in patients with localised or advanced PCa.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000067128', 'D018592', 'D011471', 'D015444', 'D018482', 'D005081', 'D016207', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D000097724']"
38951785,"""How difficult it is to change dietary behaviour"" experience of older people with sarcopenic obesity: a qualitative study.","Dietary intervention is an important method to manage sarcopenic obesity, but the implementation in real world is difficult to achieve an ideal condition. This study aimed to the experiences of older people with sarcopenic obesity during the implementation of dietary behavioural change (DBC) intervention.","['D006801', 'D000368', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D009765', 'D055948', 'D036301', 'D005247', 'D000369', 'D010865', 'D057187']"
38951752,"Dyspnea, the silent threat in Parkinson's: a mixed methods study.","Dyspnea is considered a silent threat to people diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and may be a common concern in patients, however, little is known about how it affects quality of life. This study explored the experiences of independently mobile people who are affected by dyspnea in daily life.","['D006801', 'D010300', 'D004417', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D003430', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D011788', 'D011795', 'D000203', 'D000369']"
38951602,Predicting creative behavior using resting-state electroencephalography.,"Neuroscience research has shown that specific brain patterns can relate to creativity during multiple tasks but also at rest. Nevertheless, the electrophysiological correlates of a highly creative brain remain largely unexplored. This study aims to uncover resting-state networks related to creative behavior using high-density electroencephalography (HD-EEG) and to test whether the strength of functional connectivity within these networks could predict individual creativity in novel subjects. We acquired resting state HD-EEG data from 90 healthy participants who completed a creative behavior inventory. We then employed connectome-based predictive modeling; a machine-learning technique that predicts behavioral measures from brain connectivity features. Using a support vector regression, our results reveal functional connectivity patterns related to high and low creativity, in the gamma frequency band (30-45 Hz). In leave-one-out cross-validation, the combined model of high and low networks predicts individual creativity with very good accuracy (r = 0.36, p = 0.00045). Furthermore, the model's predictive power is established through external validation on an independent dataset (N = 41), showing a statistically significant correlation between observed and predicted creativity scores (r = 0.35, p = 0.02). These findings reveal large-scale networks that could predict creative behavior at rest, providing a crucial foundation for developing HD-EEG-network-based markers of creativity.","['D006801', 'D003405', 'D004569', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D001921', 'D055815', 'D012146', 'D063132']"
38951385,Digital Physical Activity and Exercise Interventions for People Living with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review of Health Outcomes and Feasibility.,"Physical activity is essential to interrupt the cycle of deconditioning associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, access to targeted physical activity interventions remain under-supported due to limited funding and specialised staff. Digital interventions may address some of these factors. This systematic review sought to examine the evidence base of digital interventions focused on promoting physical activity or exercise and their effect on health outcomes for people living with CKD. Electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane) were searched from 1 January 2000 to 1 December 2023. Interventions (smartphone applications, activity trackers, websites) for adults with CKD (any stage, including transplant) which promoted physical activity or exercise were included. Study quality was assessed, and a narrative synthesis was conducted. Of the 4057 records identified, eight studies (five randomised controlled trials, three single-arm studies) were included, comprising 550 participants. Duration ranged from 12-weeks to 1-year. The findings indicated acceptability and feasibility were high, with small cohort numbers and high risk of bias. There were inconsistent measures of physical activity levels, self-efficacy, body composition, physical function, and psychological outcomes which resulted in no apparent effects of digital interventions on these domains. Data were insufficient for meta-analysis. The evidence for digital interventions to promote physical activity and exercise for people living with CKD is limited. Despite popularity, there is little evidence that current digital interventions yield the effects expected from traditional face-to-face interventions. However, 14 registered trials were identified which may strengthen the evidence-base.","['D006801', 'D051436', 'D015444', 'D005081', 'D063731', 'D020377', 'D005240', 'D001823']"
38950440,"Concussions in ice hockey: mixed methods study including assessment of concussions on games missed and cap hit among National Hockey League players, systematic review, and concussion protocol analysis.","Concussions can occur at any level of ice hockey. Incidence estimates of concussions in ice hockey vary, and optimal prevention strategies and return-to-play (RTP) considerations have remained in evolution. The authors performed a mixed-methods study with the aim of elucidating the landscape of concussion in ice hockey and catalyzing initiatives to standardize preventative mechanisms and RTP considerations.","['D006688', 'D006801', 'D001924', 'D001265', 'D015994', 'D000068958', 'D008297']"
38950438,Sport-related concussions in baseball and softball: do mechanisms of injury affect recovery?,"Baseball and softball pose unique risks for sport-related concussion (SRC). Although these are not collision sports, concussions in baseball and softball can nonetheless involve high-speed impacts. In a regional, single-institution cohort of baseball and softball athletes who sustained an SRC, the current study sought to 1) describe the mechanisms of injury that led to SRC, and 2) compare initial symptom burden and recovery metrics across mechanisms, including time to return to learn (RTL), time to symptom resolution, and time to return to play (RTP) by mechanism of injury.","['D006801', 'D001924', 'D001484', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000293', 'D001265', 'D055815', 'D012189', 'D020127', 'D002648', 'D015331', 'D056352', 'D000068958']"
38950373,How people are exposed to neighborhoods racially different from their own.,"In US cities, neighborhoods have long been racially segregated. However, people do not spend all their time in their neighborhoods, and the consequences of residential segregation may be tempered by the contact people have with other racial groups as they traverse the city daily. We examine the extent to which people's regular travel throughout the city is to places ""beyond their comfort zone"" (BCZ), i.e., to neighborhoods of racial composition different from their own-and why. Based on travel patterns observed in more than 7.2 million devices in the 100 largest US cities, we find that the average trip is to a neighborhood less than half as racially different from the home neighborhood as it could have been given the city. Travel to grocery stores is least likely to be BCZ; travel to gyms and parks, most likely; however, differences are greatest across cities. For the first ~10 km people travel from home, neighborhoods become increasingly more BCZ for every km traveled; beyond that point, whether neighborhoods do so depends strongly on the city. Patterns are substantively similar before and after COVID-19. Our findings suggest that policies encouraging more 15-min travel-that is, to amenities closer to the home-may inadvertently discourage BCZ movement. In addition, promoting use of certain ""third places"" such as restaurants, bars, and gyms, may help temper the effects of residential segregation, though how much it might do so depends on city-specific conditions.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D012111', 'D000091542', 'D002947', 'D014195', 'D014481', 'D000072699', 'D000086402', 'D044469']"
38950358,Private management of African protected areas improves wildlife and tourism outcomes but with security concerns in conflict regions.,"Protected areas can conserve wildlife and benefit people when managed effectively. African governments increasingly delegate the management of protected areas to private, nongovernmental organizations, hoping that private organizations' significant resources and technical capacities actualize protected areas' potential. Does private sector management improve outcomes compared to a counterfactual of government management? We leverage the transfer of management authority from governments to African Parks (AP)-the largest private manager of protected areas in Africa-to show that private management significantly improves wildlife outcomes via reduced elephant poaching and increased bird abundances. Our results also suggest that AP's management augments tourism, while the effect on rural wealth is inconclusive. However, AP's management increases the risk of armed groups targeting civilians, which could be an unintended outcome of AP's improved monitoring and enforcement systems. These findings reveal an intricate interplay between conservation, economic development, and security under privately managed protected areas in Africa.","['D003247', 'D000818', 'D000349', 'D000835', 'D017149', 'D000085926', 'D006801', 'D004606', 'D001717', 'D000068316']"
38950142,A typology of HIV self-testing support systems: a scoping review.,"To maximise the benefits of HIV self-testing (HIVST), it is critical to support self-testers in the testing process and ensure that they access appropriate prevention and care. To summarise systems and tools supporting HIVST (hereafter, 'support systems') and categorise them for future analysis, we synthesised the global data on HIVST support systems and proposed a typology. We searched five databases for articles reporting on one or more HIVST support systems and included 314 publications from 224 studies. Across 189 studies, there were 539 reports of systems supporting HIVST use; while across 115 studies, there were 171 reports of systems supporting result interpretation. Most commonly, these were pictorial instructions, followed by in-person demonstrations and in-person assistance while self-testing or reading self-test results. Less commonly, virtual interventions were also identified, including online video conferencing and smartphone apps. Smartphone-based automated result readers have been used in the USA, China, and South Africa. Across 173 studies, there were 987 reports of systems supporting post-test linkage to care; most commonly, these were in-person referrals/counselling, written referrals, and phone helplines. In the USA, Bluetooth beacons have been trialled to monitor self-test use and facilitate follow-up. We found that, globally, HIVST support systems use a range of methods, including static media, virtual tools, and in-person engagement. In-person and printed approaches were more common than virtual tools. Other considerations, such as linguistic and cultural appropriateness, may also be important in the development of effective HIVST programs.","['D006801', 'D000085263', 'D015658', 'D000082922']"
38950029,The effectiveness of preventive home visits on resilience and health-related outcomes among community dwelling older adults: A systematic review.,This research aimed to assess the effectiveness of preventive home visits (PHVs) in enhancing resilience and health-related outcomes among older adults living in the community.,"['D006801', 'D000368', 'D057187', 'D055500', 'D006792', 'D000369', 'D005260', 'D008297']"
38950024,Resilience among Turkish adolescents: A multi-level approach.,"The objective of this study is to determine the components that contribute to psychological resilience in adolescents and to determine if physical exercise, emotion control, or self-efficacy are more effective predictors of resilience. Data from participants was collected through a personal information form, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, the Self-Efficacy Scale for Children, the Emotion Regulation Scale for Children and Adolescents, and the Psychological Resilience Scale for Children and Adolescents. The data were gathered online from 16 out of the 81 provinces in Turkey, representing 7 different regions, using convenience sampling. The study sample comprised 505 adolescents, with 309 females and 196 males. The average age of the participants was 15.66 years, with a standard deviation of 1.34. The data obtained from the students was analyzed using SPSS 27.0 statistical software. The Chi-Square test was employed to establish the correlation between the demographic features of adolescents and their levels of physical activity. The relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable was determined using correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. According to the analyzed results, there was a substantial positive correlation between physical activity and resilience, reappraisal and resilience, and self-efficacy and resilience. In addition, it was noted that physical activity alone explains 4.8% of the overall variation in resilience and is a significant predictor of resilience. The inclusion of reappraisal in the model resulted in a partial prediction of resilience by physical activity. However, the primary strength of the model was attributed to reappraisal. The inclusion of self-efficacy in the model resulted in a significant prediction of resilience, accounting for 36.8% of the total variance. The self-efficacy variable had a higher impact level compared to the other variables. Furthermore, the inclusion of self-efficacy in the model resulted in the elimination of the influence of physical activity on resilience. The research conclusions point out that self-efficacy has a greater impact on psychological resilience compared to physical activity and emotion regulation.","['D006801', 'D000293', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D055500', 'D014421', 'D020377', 'D015444', 'D011795', 'D004644']"
38949865,Human disturbance increases spatiotemporal associations among mountain forest terrestrial mammal species.,"Spatial and temporal associations between sympatric species underpin biotic interactions, structure ecological assemblages, and sustain ecosystem functioning and stability. However, the resilience of interspecific spatiotemporal associations to human activity remains poorly understood, particularly in mountain forests where anthropogenic impacts are often pervasive. Here, we applied context-dependent Joint Species Distribution Models to a systematic camera-trap survey dataset from a global biodiversity hotspot in eastern Himalayas to understand how prominent human activities in mountain forests influence species associations within terrestrial mammal communities. We obtained 10,388 independent detections of 17 focal species (12 carnivores and five ungulates) from 322 stations over 43,163 camera days of effort. We identified a higher incidence of positive associations in habitats with higher levels of human modification (87%) and human presence (83%) compared to those located in habitats with lower human modification (64%) and human presence (65%) levels. We also detected a significant reduction of pairwise encounter time at increasing levels of human disturbance, corresponding to more frequent encounters between pairs of species. Our findings indicate that human activities can push mammals together into more frequent encounters and associations, which likely influences the coexistence and persistence of wildlife, with potential far-ranging ecological consequences.","['D000818', 'D008322', 'D065928', 'D006801', 'D044822', 'D006802', 'D017753', 'D062211']"
38949844,Comparison of joint kinematics between upright front squat exercise and horizontal squat exercise performed on a short arm human centrifugation.,"This study compared the joint kinematics between the front squat (FS) conducted in the upright (natural gravity) position and in the supine position on a short arm human centrifuge (SAHC). Male participants (N = 12) with no prior experience exercising on a centrifuge completed a FS in the upright position before (PRE) and after (POST) a FS exercise conducted on the SAHC while exposed to artificial gravity (AG). Participants completed, in randomized order, three sets of six repetitions with a load equal to body weight or 1.25 × body weight for upright squats, and 1 g and 1.25 g at the center of gravity (COG) for AG. During the terrestrial squats, the load was applied with a barbell. Knee (left/right) and hip (left/right) flexion angles were recorded with a set of inertial measurement units. AG decreased the maximum flexion angle (MAX) of knees and hips as well as the range of motion (ROM), both at 1 and 1.25 g. Minor adaptation was observed between the first and the last repetition performed in AG. AG affects the ability to FS in naïve participants by reducing MAX, MIN and ROM of the knees and hip.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D016059', 'D001696', 'D000328', 'D002498', 'D007719', 'D015444', 'D055815', 'D006621', 'D011187', 'D018470']"
38949809,Prediction-Augmented Shared Decision-Making and Lung Cancer Screening Uptake.,"Addressing poor uptake of low-dose computed tomography lung cancer screening (LCS) is critical, especially for those having the most to gain-high-benefit persons with high lung cancer risk and life expectancy more than 10 years.","['D006801', 'D008175', 'D000368', 'D008297', 'D055088', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000080536', 'D000369', 'D014057', 'D014481', 'D065186', 'D058996']"
38949798,Work-Life Balance.,"There has been much written about work-life balance, both in nursing and other professions. Additionally, the term has taken on multiple definitions over the years, and it is often touted as central to an organization's mission. The Cambridge Dictionary defines work-life balance quite simply as ""the amount of time you spend doing your job compared with the amount of time you spend with your family and doing things you enjoy."" If it is such a simple concept, why is it such a dominant subject in nursing literature? This article explores the essential components of work-life balance, how health care organizations struggle to define it and differ in what they may promote on paper versus what they practice, and examine why work-life balance is crucial to nurses' overall well-being.","['D006801', 'D000072358', 'D007588']"
38949442,"Visceral adiposity index, fitness and clustered cardiovascular disease risk in adolescents."," Clustering of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors have been observed in children and adolescents, but its association with visceral adiposity index (VAI) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in adolescents has rarely been studied.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000293', 'D005260', 'D009549', 'D003430', 'D002318', 'D000072599', 'D002648', 'D056128', 'D000082742', 'D050152', 'D012307', 'D055815']"
38949219,Evaluation of North Sea saturation procedures through divers monitoring.,"Saturation diving is a standard method of intervention for commercial diving during offshore operations. Current saturation procedures achieve a high level of safety with regards to decompression sickness but still put the divers under multiple stressors: 1) Environmental stress (long confinement, heat/cold, dense gases, high oxygen levels), 2) Work stress (muscular fatigue, psychological pressure, breathing equipment, etc.), 3) venous gas emboli associated with decompression, 4) Inflammation related to oxidative stress and microparticles. We present the results of a saturation divers monitoring campaign performed in the North Sea Danish sector, on the Tyra field, during 2022. The study was supported by TotalEnergies, the field operator, and performed by Boskalis Subsea Services, the diving contractor, onboard the diving support vessel Boka Atlantis. The objective was twofold: document the level of diving stress during saturation operations in the Danish sector, and compare the performances of two saturation procedures, the Boskalis and the NORSOK procedures.","['D006801', 'D004242', 'D003665', 'D009659', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D000089382', 'D008875', 'D013312', 'D003718', 'D008991']"
38948229,State of the art and future directions for measuring event-related potentials during cycling exercise: a systematic review.,"Electroencephalography (EEG) is a technique for measuring brain activity that is widely used in neuroscience research. Event-related potentials (ERPs) in the EEG make it possible to study sensory and cognitive processes in the brain. Previous reports have shown that aerobic exercise can have an impact on components of ERPs such as amplitude and latency. However, they focused on the measurement of ERPs after exercise.","['D006801', 'D004569', 'D001642', 'D005071', 'D015444', 'D001921']"
38948228,The effects of exercise on FGF21 in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a key hormone factor that regulates glucose and lipid homeostasis. Exercise may regulate its effects and affect disease states. Therefore, we sought to determine how exercise affects FGF21 concentrations in adults.","['D005346', 'D006801', 'D015444', 'D000328']"
38948227,Continuous training in young athletes decreases hepcidin secretion and is positively correlated with serum 25(OH)D and ferritin.,"Iron deficiency is known to impair muscle function and reduce athletic performance, while vitamin D has been reported to induce iron deficiency. However, the mechanism underlying exercise-induced changes in iron metabolism and the involvement of vitamins in this mechanism are unclear. The present study examined changes in biological iron metabolism induced by continuous training and the effects of vitamin D on these changes.","['D006801', 'D064451', 'D005260', 'D000293', 'D014807', 'D005293', 'D056352', 'D007501', 'D015444']"
38947295,Qualitative exploration of home life experiences and care needs among elderly patients with temporary intestinal stomas.,"This study employed a phenomenological research approach within qualitative research to explore the challenges encountered by elderly individuals with temporary colostomies in managing their daily lives and care needs. Protecting the anus surgery combined with temporary colostomy has emerged as a prevalent treatment modality for low rectal cancer. However, the ileostomy is susceptible to peri-stoma skin complications, as well as fluid, electrolyte, and nutritional imbalances, posing challenges to effective management. The successful self-management of patients is intricately linked to their adjustment to temporary colostomy; nonetheless, there remains a dearth of research examining the factors influencing self-care among temporary colostomy patients and the obstacles they confront.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D008297', 'D036301', 'D003125', 'D012648', 'D002681', 'D008875', 'D000369', 'D007081', 'D011788', 'D007407', 'D012004', 'D000223']"
38947294,Management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Lifestyle changes.,"In this editorial, we commented on a recently released manuscript by Zeng et al in the World Journal of Gastroenterology. We focused specifically on lifestyle changes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, which ultimately leads to advanced hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma and affects more than 25% of the population globally. Existing therapeutic strategies against NAFLD such as pharmacologic therapies focus on liver protection, anti-inflammation, and regulating disease-related metabolic disorder symptoms. Although several drugs are in late-stage development, potent drugs against the diseases are lacking. Additionally, existing surgical approaches such as bariatric surgery are not routinely used to treat NAFLD. Intervening in patients' unhealthy lifestyles, such as weight loss through dietary changes and exercises to ameliorate patient-associated metabolic disorders and metabolic syndrome, is the first-line treatment for patients with NAFLD. With sufficient intrinsic motivation and adherence, the management of unhealthy lifestyles can reduce the severity of the disease, improve the quality of life, and increase the survival expectancy of patients with NAFLD.","['D006801', 'D065626', 'D024821', 'D011788', 'D008019', 'D015431', 'D015444', 'D050110', 'D040242', 'D000070497', 'D012307']"
38946572,2021 Community Engagement Studio Virtual Training Summit: Increasing the Diversity of Stakeholders Engaged in Research.,"There are few methods that focus on engaging racial and ethnic minorities in research. The Meharry-Vanderbilt Community Engaged Research Core partnered with the University of Utah, the University of Michigan, and community/patient partners to convene a virtual summit to share the Community Engagement Studio (CE Studio) model, a structured and widely-used approach that facilitates community engagement in research.","['D006801', 'D055812', 'D000091762', 'D000073597', 'D003256']"
38946228,Association of Accelerometer-Determined Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior With the Gut Microbiome in Middle-Aged Women: A Compositional Data Approach.,"The beneficial effects of physical activity (PA) on gut microbiome have been reported, nevertheless the findings are inconsistent, with the main limitation of subjective methods for assessing PA. It is well accepted that using an objective assessment of PA reduces the measurement error and also allows objective assessment of sedentary behavior (SB). We aimed to study the associations between accelerometer-assessed behaviors (i.e., SB, light-intensity physical activity [LPA] and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA]) with the gut microbiome using compositional data analysis, a novel approach that enables to study these behaviors accounting for their inter-dependency. This cross-sectional study included 289 women from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Physical activity was measured during 14 days by wrist-worn accelerometers. Analyses based on the combined effect of MVPA and SB, and compositional data analyses in association with the gut microbiome data were performed. The microbial alpha- and beta-diversity were not significantly different between the MVPA-SB groups, and no differentially abundant microorganisms were detected. Compositional data analysis did not show any significant associations between any movement behavior (relative to the others) on microbial alpha-diversity. Butyrate-producing bacteria such as Agathobacter and Lachnospiraceae CAG56 were significantly more abundant when reallocating time from LPA or SB to MVPA (γ = 0.609 and 0.113, both p-values = 0.007). While PA and SB were not associated with microbial diversity, we found associations of these behaviors with specific gut bacteria, suggesting that PA of at least moderate intensity (i.e., MVPA) could increase the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing microbes.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000069196', 'D057185', 'D061725', 'D003430', 'D015444', 'D008875', 'D005387']"
38945893,"Effects of Milk Fat Globule Membrane Supplementation Following Exercise Training on Physical Performance in Healthy Young Adults: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial.","The purpose of this study was to examine whether 4 wk of daily ingestion of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) combined with exercise training improves physical performance-muscle strength, agility and muscle power-in healthy young adults. The study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial. Twenty healthy young adults received either an MFGM powder containing 1.6 g of fat and 160 mg of sphingomyelin or an isocaloric placebo powder daily throughout 4 wk of power or agility training. Physical performance tests and body composition measurements were conducted before and after the 4-wk intervention. Ingestion of MFGM did not affect isometric or isokinetic muscle strength, but it was associated with a greater increase in vertical jump peak power compared with placebo. There were no significant changes in body weight or lean body mass during the intervention period in either group, and no significant differences between groups. We conclude that daily MFGM supplementation combined with exercise training has the potential to improve physical performance in young adults; however, further studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted to obtain more evidence supporting achievement of improved physical performance through MFGM supplementation.","['D006801', 'D004311', 'D006017', 'D066292', 'D006023', 'D008297', 'D055815', 'D005260', 'D019587', 'D053580', 'D001823', 'D015444', 'D010865', 'D000328', 'D000076604', 'D001835', 'D013109', 'D018482']"
38945884,Effect of Oleuropein on Anti-Obesity and Uncoupling Protein 1 Level in Brown Adipose Tissue in Mild Treadmill Walking Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity.,"Oleuropein aglycone (OA), which is the absorbed form of oleuropein, is a major phenolic compound in extra virgin olive oil. We analyzed the anti-obesity effect of OA intake combined with mild treadmill walking (MTW, 4 m/min for 20 min/d, 5-6 d/wk, without electric shocks and slope) in rats under a high-fat diet (HF). Four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=28) were equally divided into four groups: control (HF), 0.08% oleuropein-supplemented HF (HFO), HF with MTW (HF+W), and HFO with MTW (HFO+W) groups. After 28 d, the inguinal subcutaneous fat content and weight gain were significantly lower in the HFO+W group than in the control group. The HFO+W group also had significantly higher levels of urinary noradrenaline secretion, interscapular brown adipose tissue, uncoupling protein 1, brain transient receptor potential ankyrin subtype 1 (TRPA1), vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) than the control group. Especially, the HFO+W group showed a synergistic effect on noradrenaline secretion. Therefore, OA combined with MTW may accelerate the enhancement of UCP1 and BDNF levels in rats with HF-induced obesity by increasing noradrenaline secretion after TRPA1 and TRPV1 activation.","['D000818', 'D008297', 'D000071256', 'D057888', 'D017207', 'D009765', 'D002001', 'D039823', 'D009638', 'D059305', 'D000074025', 'D019208', 'D051381', 'D019440', 'D016138', 'D015430', 'D010805', 'D050916']"
38945130,Association of intrinsic capacity with functional decline and mortality in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.,"Together with environmental factors, intrinsic capacity (the composite of all the physical and mental capacities of an individual) has been proposed as a marker of healthy ageing. However, whether intrinsic capacity predicts major clinical outcomes is unclear. We aimed to explore the association of intrinsic capacity with functional decline and mortality in older adults.","['D006801', 'D000368', 'D008137', 'D000203', 'D009026', 'D015577', 'D000369', 'D005260', 'D008297']"
38944666,Relationship between first trimester physical activity and premature rupture of membranes: a birth cohort study in Chinese women.,This study aimed to examine prospective associations of different intensity levels and types of physical activity (PA) in early pregnancy with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) among Chinese pregnant women.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D015444', 'D000328', 'D005322', 'D002681', 'D011261', 'D011446', 'D000089822', 'D055815', 'D011795', 'D012307', 'D015331', 'D000095225']"
38944456,Managing Career Transitions in Cardiothoracic Surgery.,"Transitions during a career in cardiothoracic surgery include transition to practice following residency, multiple transitions over the course of the career, and transition to retirement. Each carries some degree of uncertainty and stress, and early preparation for each transition is key to success. A clear understanding of both professional and personal goals drives decisions and choices along the course of a career. It is crucial to seek legal counsel with expertise in physician employment contracts. Developing collegial and collaborative relationships should be a focus throughout one's career. This article outlines the key elements to successful career progression.","['D006801', 'D013903', 'D002321', 'D002322', 'D007396', 'D012179']"
38944450,"Hobbies, Distractions, Obsessions, and Addictions.","A career in cardiothoracic surgery takes a psychological and emotional toll, which is likely increased by recent changes in our health care environment. The benefits of leisure pursuits are severalfold, one of which includes supporting physician wellness. However, we are at risk of relying on unhealthy mechanisms to provide relief. The incidence of addiction and substance abuse is high, particularly among women surgeons. There are a variety of opportunities to help ourselves and support our colleagues. We need to promote healthy activities outside of our profession for the long-term well-being of cardiothoracic surgeons and our specialty.","['D006801', 'D016739', 'D013903', 'D019966', 'D009770', 'D066231', 'D007899']"
38944448,"Sleep, Nutrition, and Health Maintenance in Cardiothoracic Surgery.","Cardiothoracic surgeons work in high-intensity environments starting in surgical training and throughout their careers. They deal with critical patients. Their routine procedures are delicate, require extensive attention to detail, and can have detrimental effects on patients' lives. Cardiothoracic surgeons are required to perform at their best capacity incessantly. To do this, they must safeguard their mental and physical well-being. Preserving health through sleep, nutrition, exercise, and routine medical checkups ensures a cardiothoracic surgeon's well-being. Great personal effort and discipline is required to maintain health in a busy schedule. We offer our best recommendations from expert peers in the field.","['D006801', 'D012890', 'D009752', 'D006348', 'D019616', 'D013903', 'D015444']"
38943526,Stakeholder perceptions of cervical screening accessibility and attendance in Ireland: a qualitative study.,"Organized cervical screening programmes are commonplace in high-income countries. To provide an equitable cervical screening service, it is important to understand who is and is not attending screening and why. Promotion of screening and service improvement is not possible without recognition and identification of the barriers and needs of communities that are less engaged with screening. This study explored stakeholder perceptions of cervical screening attendance and accessibility in Ireland. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 healthcare professionals, policymakers and academics. Interviews were conducted online in 2022. Reflexive thematic analysis was used inductively to generate themes, supported by NVivo. Three themes were developed: (i) getting the right information out the right way, (ii) acceptability and accessibility of screening and (iii) trying to identify and reach the non-attenders. Participants felt public knowledge of cervical screening and human papilloma virus was low and communication strategies were not adequate. Individual, cultural, structural and service-level factors influenced the accessibility and acceptability of screening. Identifying and reaching non-attenders was considered challenging and community outreach could support those less likely to attend screening. Stakeholder perspectives were valuable in understanding the complexities of screening accessibility and attendance from individual to service-level factors. Cultural competency training, inclusive language and visual cues in waiting rooms would support engagement with some populations who may be hesitant to attend screening. Collaboration with community organizations has opportunities to promote screening and understand the needs of those less likely to attend screening.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D007494', 'D036301', 'D002583', 'D006297', 'D055088', 'D010342', 'D007407', 'D000328', 'D007722', 'D008875', 'D008403', 'D000073597']"
38943152,"Design, implementation and usability analysis of patient empowerment in ADLIFE project via patient reported outcome measures and shared decision making.","This paper outlines the design, implementation, and usability study results of the patient empowerment process for chronic disease management, using Patient Reported Outcome Measurements and Shared Decision-Making Processes.","['D006801', 'D000080536', 'D000071066', 'D010358', 'D002908', 'D000079102']"
38943121,An organizational working time reduction and its impact on three domains of mental well-being of employees: a panel study.,"Work hours are an important aspect of one's job and these in turn have the potential to impact people's well-being. Much research investigating the link between working hours and well-being uses cross-sectional data. Longitudinal studies, especially those studying the same subjects changing their working time, can study the impact of work time more clearly. Using panel data, this study aims to explore the impact of a reduction in working time on three domains of well-being: general well-being, job-related well-being (positive work experience) and work-family well-being (work-family conflict). In addition, our study offers insights into the role of concomitant changes in work and private circumstances of employees as we investigate whether the impact of shorter working hours for well-being is mediated by changes in the participants' and circumstances related to paid and unpaid work resources.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D001530', 'D008875', 'D007588', 'D008603', 'D011795', 'D008297', 'D008137', 'D000072358', 'D003430', 'D014940', 'D013997']"
38943094,The impact of family factors and communication on recreational sedentary screen time among primary school-aged children: a cross-sectional study.,"Childhood obesity is increasingly recognized as a major public health challenge worldwide, and excessive sedentary screen time is emerging as a key risk factor. This study aimed to assess the recreational screen sedentary time of Chinese primary school-aged children and investigate the relationship between screen-related family factors and the outcome variable.","['D006801', 'D003430', 'D000077705', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D057185', 'D002648', 'D003142', 'D002681', 'D000068476', 'D010290', 'D063766', 'D011795', 'D015444']"
38943086,Enhancing physical function and activity level in malnourished older adults through oral nutrition supplements: a randomized controlled trial.,"Malnutrition of older individuals, leads to significant functional decline, reducing their quality of life. Lifestyle interventions; dietary improvements and supplementation are explored to enhance the physical function of older adults. The current study aimed to assess the impact of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) on the functional and activity levels of Sri Lankan older adults.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D005260', 'D019587', 'D044342', 'D015444', 'D018737', 'D013188', 'D000072797', 'D000076604', 'D000369', 'D008875', 'D000284']"
38943080,Physical activity dynamically moderates the impact of multimorbidity on the trajectory of healthy aging over sixteen years.,"Research examining the healthy aging trajectory of retired older adults with multimorbidity is limited, leaving uncertainties regarding the optimal physical activity (PA) intensity and frequency necessary to sustain healthy aging during retirement.","['D006801', 'D000368', 'D000076322', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000073656', 'D000369', 'D015444', 'D008875', 'D014481', 'D012179', 'D008137']"
38943053,Factors influencing participation and regular attendance in a program combining physical activity and nutritional advice for overweight and obese pregnant women.,"Educational programs incorporating physical activity (PA) sessions and nutritional workshops have demonstrated potential benefits for overweight and obese pregnant women. However, participation in such programs remains challenging. This prospective study aimed to investigate the factors influencing participation and regular attendance, while examining changes in health behaviors, along with obstetric and neonatal outcomes.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D000328', 'D015444', 'D011446', 'D009765', 'D050177', 'D011248', 'D005247', 'D011295', 'D015438']"
38941549,Vigorous Exercise in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.,"Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetic heart condition occurring in up to 1 in 200 patients in the United States, many of whom are young and otherwise healthy. This condition puts those affected at increased risk for adverse cardiac outcomes, including sudden cardiac arrest and death, with particular concern for this to occur during exercise and other forms of exertion. Recent studies aimed at evaluating the risk of exercise in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients have suggested that moderate and even vigorous exercise may be safe for certain patients. Clinical guidelines are changing to reflect this recent information and to encourage a shared decision-making approach, which can allow more hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients to participate in health-promoting exercise activities.","['D006801', 'D002312', 'D016757', 'D015444']"
38941548,Contemporary Issue: Health and Safety of Female Wrestlers.,"Female wrestling has grown exponentially over the past decade. Within the United States, 46 states now recognize female high school wrestling, and 153 colleges have programs. It is on track to become an NCAA championship-level sport in 2026. A primary health and safety risk among this cohort pertains to rapid weight loss strategies. These can lead to intentional caloric restriction and decreased body fatness, with the perceived goal of attaining a competitive advantage. Low energy availability and low body fatness are associated with a number of health concerns including menstrual dysfunction and loss of bone mineral density in girls and women. The current recommendation of 12% as a minimum for percentage body fat is very likely too low, opening the door for health perturbations among this population. The minimum threshold might more appropriately fall within the range of 18% to 20%. Body fat assessment methods, primarily skinfold measures that are used to guide weight class selection, have not been adequately validated among this population and therefore should be an area of research focus, while also exploring alternative assessment techniques. Further, we recommend that weight cycling, restrictive energy intake, and intentional dehydration be avoided. Research should assess the effects of frequent weight cycling (to ""make weight"") and prolonged periods of low body fat on the reproductive and bone health of these athletes. Finally, research and clinical evaluations on female wrestlers are limited, and we offer a list of research priorities for future investigation into this contemporary issue.","['D005260', 'D006801', 'D015519', 'D008599', 'D015431', 'D014952']"
38941438,Physical activity and the osteoarthritis of the knee: A Mendelian randomization study.,"Previous studies have reported an association between physical activity and the occurrence and progression of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, the existing evidence remains limited and of low-quality. This study aimed to examine the causal relationship between different levels of physical activity and KOA. Instrumental variables, represented by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), were utilized to capture sedentary behavior, appropriate physical exercise, and excessive physical activity. Aggregated statistics from the UK Biobank genome-wide association study dataset were used to assess the impact of these SNPs on KOA. Causality was estimated using inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR Egger, simple model, weighted median, and weighted model approaches. The stability of the results was assessed through heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis revealed a strong association between sedentary behavior and KOA, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.096 (95% CI: 1.506-2.917) and a P value of 1.14 × 10-5. Appropriate physical exercise behavior exhibited a strong negative association with KOA, with an OR of 0.147 (95% CI: 0.037-0.582) and a P value of 0.006. Conversely, excessive physical activity behavior showed a significant positive association with KOA, with an OR of 2.162 (95% CI: 1.327-3.521) and a P value of .002. Our findings indicate that sedentary behavior and excessive physical activity are identified as risk factors for KOA, whereas engaging in appropriate physical exercise emerges as a protective factor against the development of KOA.","['D006801', 'D020370', 'D057182', 'D015444', 'D020641', 'D057185', 'D055106', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012307', 'D006113', 'D008875']"
38941437,Effects of tracking linkage self-management mode on the compliance of prenatal examinations and delivery modes in primiparas.,"To explore the effects of tracking linkage self-management mode on the compliance of prenatal examinations and delivery modes in primiparas. A total of 270 primiparas undergoing prenatal examinations in Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital were enrolled for prospective study between January 2021 and January 2022. They were divided into control group and observation group, 135 cases in each group. The control group was given routine management mode, while observation group was given tracking linkage self-management mode. All were intervened till discharge. The compliance (time and frequency of prenatal examinations), cognition of prenatal examinations, score of exercise of self-care agency scale, self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale, delivery modes and the occurrence of neonatal adverse outcomes were compared between the 2 groups. After intervention, total compliance rate of prenatal examinations in observation group was higher than that in control group (84.44% vs 72.59%) (P < .05). The scores of pregnancy care, genetic diseases counseling, prevention of birth defects and reasonable nutrition during pregnancy in observation group were higher than those in control group (P < .05), scores of health cognition, self-care skills, self-care responsibility and self-concept were higher than those in control group (P < .05), scores of self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale were lower than those in control group (P < .05), natural delivery rate was higher than that in control group (85.93% vs 74.81%) (P < .05), and incidence of neonatal adverse outcomes was lower than that in control group (0.74% vs 5.93%) (Fisher exact probability = 0.036). The application of tracking linkage self-management mode can significantly improve cognition to prenatal examinations, improve compliance of prenatal examinations and self-care ability, relieve anxiety and depression, increase natural delivery rate and reduce the incidence of neonatal adverse outcomes in primiparas.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D000328', 'D000073278', 'D011446', 'D010349', 'D011295', 'D036861', 'D010298', 'D012648']"
38941425,Feasibility and effect of cognitive-based board game and multi-component exercise interventions on older adults with dementia.,"Taiwan is an aging society, and the number of people with dementia is rapidly increasing. Due to a decline in cognitive and physical function, older adults with dementia not only gradually lose the ability to complete daily living tasks on their own, but are also at a higher risk of falls and injurious falls. It is important to develop interventions that combine cognitive and exercise training for older adults with dementia to promote or maintain their cognitive and physical functions and reduce their risk of falls. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and effect of cognitive-based board games and multi-component exercise interventions on cognitive function, physical fitness, and fall risk in older adults with dementia.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D003704', 'D005240', 'D005081', 'D000058', 'D000369', 'D013624', 'D003071', 'D010809', 'D000068957', 'D057187']"
38941422,The impact of instrumented lumbar fusion surgery on psychiatric problems in elderly patients with degenerative spinal stenosis: The observational study.,"This is a prospective cohort study to investigate the effects of instrumented lumbar fusion surgery on psychiatric problems, including anxiety, insomnia, and depression, in patients with degenerative spinal stenosis, as well as on pain and the activities of daily living. Surgery was performed in the patients with Schizas grade C or D spinal stenosis with; if a patient's quality of life was impaired for at least 3 months or if patient had neurologic deficits. Finally, 69 patients were reviewed. Beck anxiety inventory, insomnia severity index, geriatric depression scale short form-Korean, visual analog scale for back pain, visual analog scale for leg pain, and Oswestry disability index was measured on the day surgery was decided on (T1), the day before surgery (T2), the day before discharge (T3), and 6 months after surgery (T4). The patients had mild degrees of anxiety, insomnia, and depression at T1, and Beck anxiety inventory, insomnia severity index, visual analog scale for back pain, visual analog scale for leg pain, and Oswestry disability index improved significantly by T4. In elderly patients with degenerative spinal stenosis, instrumented lumbar fusion surgery improves not only pain and activities of daily living, but also anxiety and insomnia. However, there was no improvement in depression over the 6-month follow-up period.","['D006801', 'D000368', 'D013130', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D013123', 'D011446', 'D008159', 'D000203', 'D001007', 'D011788', 'D003863', 'D007319', 'D000369', 'D010147', 'D008875']"
38941394,The impact of educational attainment on mental health: A Causal Assessment from the UKB and FinnGen Cohorts.,"Observational studies report inverse associations between educational attainment and depression/anxiety risks, but confounding hinders causal inference. This study aimed to assess potential causal relationships using Mendelian randomization (MR). Two-sample MR analysis was conducted using genetic instruments for education, smoking, body mass index, and physical activity from published genome-wide association studies. Depression and anxiety data came from the UK Biobank ([UKB] 117,782 individuals) and FinnGen (215,644 individuals) cohorts. Inverse variance weighted regression determined associations between exposures and mental health outcomes. Increased educational attainment was causally associated with reduced risks of depression (odds ratio [OR] = 0.99 per year, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.990-0.996, P < .001) and anxiety (OR = 0.99, CI: 0.98-0.991, P < .001) in both cohorts. Smoking initiation conferred higher risks of depression (UKB OR = 1.05, CI: 1.03-1.06, P < .001; FinnGen OR = 1.20, CI: 1.10-1.32, P < .001) and anxiety (FinnGen only, OR = 1.10, CI: 1.01-1.21, P < .05). Likewise, maternal smoking history associated with greater depression (UKB OR = 1.15, CI: 1.10-1.35, P = .027) and anxiety susceptibility (FinnGen OR = 3.02, CI: 1.67-5.46, P = .011). Higher body mass index elevated depression risk in both cohorts. Physical activity showed no clear associations. This MR study provides evidence that education may causally reduce mental health disorder risk. Smoking, obesity, and low activity appear detrimentally linked to depression and anxiety. Improving access to education could offer effective strategies for lowering population psychiatric burden.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D057182', 'D003863', 'D004522', 'D001007', 'D008875', 'D015992', 'D012907', 'D008603', 'D006113', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D015331', 'D015444', 'D055106', 'D012307', 'D015984']"
38941342,"Implementing a social prescribing program in primary care units in Portugal: A qualitative study exploring enablers, barriers and lessons learned from the perspectives of stakeholders involved in the program implementation.","Social prescribing (SP) is a promising intersectoral strategy of integrated and person-centered care that can improve individual health and well-being by going beyond medical treatment, potentially reducing overall disease burden on health system. SP addresses health and social determinants of health by linking patients to community responses, i.e. services and initiatives fostering social interaction, physical activity and creativity, among other health-promoting aspects, provided by local public, private, and non-profit entities. There is limited research on the implementation processes of SP beyond the UK, hindering improvement and scale-up. This study aims to identify enablers and barriers of implementation of an SP program conducted in Portugal. A participatory and qualitative approach was used to assess the implementation of an SP program in health units. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with family doctors, social workers and representatives of community partners who participated in SP implementation. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to conduct thematic analysis. The main enablers of SP implementation included its recognition as an evolution towards a holistic model of health, the personal characteristics of professionals as being proactive, motivated, and concerned with social determinants of health, and the communication strategy used to engage the stakeholders. Perceived challenges included raising users' awareness of SP and ensuring intervention adherence. Lack of preparedness for intersectoral working processes, including insufficient communication channels, limited community responses and the need for a more systematic collection of data on activities adherence and progress were also highlighted as barriers to SP implementation. SP implementation seems simple, but the results show that in practice, we are facing a complex intervention with multiple stakeholders, diverse community responses and factors influencing project success. A deeper understanding of SP specificities, local context, enablers, and barriers is vital to develop strategies for improvement and successful implementation, ensuring scalability and sustainability.","['D006801', 'D011174', 'D011320', 'D036301', 'D000073597', 'D008297', 'D064890', 'D005260']"
38941337,Moving in pain - A preliminary study evaluating the immediate effects of experimental knee pain on locomotor biomechanics.,"Pain changes how we move, but it is often confounded by other factors due to disease or injury. Experimental pain offers an opportunity to isolate the independent effect of pain on movement. We used cutaneous electrical stimulation to induce experimental knee pain during locomotion to study the short-term motor adaptions to pain. While other models of experimental pain have been used in locomotion, they lack the ability to modulate pain in real-time. Twelve healthy adults completed the single data collection session where they experienced six pain intensity conditions (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 out of 10) and two pain delivery modes (tonic and phasic). Electrodes were placed over the lateral infrapatellar fat pad and medial tibial condyle to deliver the 10 Hz pure sinusoid via a constant current electrical stimulator. Pain intensity was calibrated prior to each walking bout based on the target intensity and was recorded using an 11-point numerical rating scale. Knee joint angles and moments were recorded over the walking bouts and summarized in waveform and discrete outcomes to be compared with baseline walking. Knee joint angles changed during the swing phase of gait, with higher pain intensities resulting in greater knee flexion angles. Minimal changes in joint moments were observed but there was a consistent pattern of decreasing joint stiffness with increasing pain intensity. Habituation was limited across the 30-90 second walking bouts and the electrical current needed to deliver the target pain intensities showed a positive linear relationship. Experimental knee pain shows subtle biomechanical changes and favourable habituation patterns over short walking bouts. Further exploration of this model is needed in real-world walking conditions and over longer timeframes to quantify motor adaptations.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D001696', 'D005260', 'D007719', 'D010146', 'D005684', 'D008124', 'D016138', 'D055815', 'D004558', 'D016059']"
38941311,The Diabetes Remission in India (DiRemI) study: Protocol for a prospective matched-control trial.,"The global rise in diabetes, particularly in India, poses a significant public health challenge, with factors such as limited awareness, financial strain, and cultural considerations hindering its effective management. Although lifestyle changes have shown promising results, their consistent implementation and maintenance continue to pose challenges. Most studies have focused primarily on dietary modifications, overlooking other essential aspects of lifestyle intervention. The DiRemI study aims to address these gaps by evaluating the efficacy of a comprehensive one-year program that combines diet, exercise, psychological support, and medical management to achieve weight loss, diabetes remission, and improved glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in India, while also considering the unique needs of the Indian population.","['D006801', 'D003924', 'D007194', 'D011446', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D015431', 'D015444', 'D008019', 'D012074', 'D015992']"
38954730,An experimental study of classical truth logic on multi-propositions consistent and incompatible: Dual-process theories and modal syllogistic of deduction.,"This study looked at a classical truth logic of multi-propositions that is new in some ways: [1] Alethic modalities were mixed with logical consistency and incompatibility in a single plate form, i.e., necessary consistency (NC), possible consistency (PC)/ possible incompatibility (PI) and impossible incompatibility (IPI); [2] multi-propositions were judged by individuals as either NC, PC/PI, or IPI; [3] Four quantifiers; All (∀), No (∼∀), Some (∃), and Some Not (∼∃) of four propositional modes and three shapes ([Formula: see text], ▱ and [Formula: see text]) are used to evaluate predictions; and [4] it inspired by multi-propositional of dual-process theories (DPTs) of deduction and modal syllogistic of multi-propositions, from which logicians have derived general hypotheses. HP 1- Individuals will more likely to endorse inferences as PC/PI rather than NC. HP 2: It's easier to calculate that inference has PC/ PI if it has also NC. Generally, logicians predict more endorsing PC for NC than for PI proposition. HP 3: It's easier to calculate that inference is not NC if it is also not PC. Generally, logicians predict more PI than IPI proposition endorses as NC. A modal syllogistic as a classical truth logic is presented by multi-propositions (two premises and one inference), each one from four modes has quantifiers such as universal quantifiers and existential quantifier; ∀, ∼∀, ∃, and ∼ ∃. They were evaluated by a single-mental model (Experiment I) and a multi-mental model (Experiment II). Logicians applied the immediate inference task (IIT), evaluation task (ET), and production task (PT) to evaluate three experiments. The results of the experiments suggested that students mostly endorsed PC/PI inferences over NC inferences. Even when logicians divided PC/PI separately as PC and PI, individuals endorsed PC most likely as compared to NC, and PI than IPI. Logicians also highlighted fallacies that were continuously resisted and endorsed when students were asked to judge multi-propositions that had NC. The purpose of this experimental study is to present a glimpse of students' endorsement of multi-propositions and explain that each individual has a different working memory and intelligence.","['D008128', 'D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D055815']"
38954682,Effectiveness of non-pharmacological therapies for chronic pain in people with autoimmune diseases in Africa: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Autoimmune diseases affect 5-10% of the global population and cause chronic pain and impaired functionality. Chronic pain management involves pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, with non-pharmacological options gaining attention as safe, effective, and cost-effective alternatives. However, further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of these therapies in African patients with autoimmune diseases, as existing evidence varies.","['D006801', 'D000078202', 'D059350', 'D001327', 'D015201', 'D000349', 'D059408', 'D011788']"
38954680,Surgical myomectomy followed by oral Myfembree vs standard of care (SOUL trial): Study protocol for a randomized control trial.,"Uterine leiomyomas (often referred to as fibroids or myomas) are common benign, hormone-dependent tumors that grow in the uterus and occur in approximately 25% of reproductive age women, depending on selected population. Treatment recommendation is typically based on fibroid size, location, the patient's age, reproductive plans, and obstetrical history. Despite the range of treatment options available for uterine fibroids and their symptoms, including hysterectomy, myomectomy, endometrial ablation, endometrial uterine artery embolization, and magnetic resonance-guided focused-ultrasound surgery, myomectomy remains the gold standard treatment for patients who desire fertility-preserving surgery for their uterine fibroids. Myomectomy, while a prevalent surgical option for the removal of fibroids, carries known risks such as fibroid recurrence, symptom recurrence, and the subsequent need for reintervention. Despite ongoing research and advances in medical treatments for fibroids, there currently are no universally recommended therapeutic interventions proven to effectively delay the recurrence of fibroids or the return of symptoms following this procedure. This situation underscores a significant area of unmet medical need and highlights the importance of continued investigation into preventive strategies and long-term management options for patients undergoing fibroid removal with uterine preservation. We designed a study to assess the efficacy of the new FDA-approved GnRH antagonist, Myfembree in delaying the return of fibroids and their associated symptoms.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D063186', 'D007889', 'D059039', 'D014594', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D016032', 'D011788']"
38954602,Transitions in development - an interview with Sonia Sen.,"Sonia Sen is Group Leader at the Tata Institute for Genetics and Society in Bangalore, India. Her group is interested in understanding neurodevelopment and behaviour in Drosophila and Anopheles. We spoke to Sonia over a video call to talk about her research career, her transition to becoming a group leader, and the work that the Indian Society of Developmental Biologists is doing.","['D015509', 'D000818', 'D049674', 'D007194', 'D006801', 'D049673']"
38952026,"Religion, Geography, and Risky Sexual Behaviors Among International Immigrants Living in China: Cross-Sectional Study.","Behavioral differences exist between countries, regions, and religions. With rapid development in recent decades, an increasing number of international immigrants from different regions with different religions have settled in China. The degrees to which sexual behaviors-particularly risky sexual behaviors-differ by religion and geographical areas are not known.","['D006801', 'D003430', 'D002681', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D054242', 'D012725', 'D012309', 'D012067', 'D005843', 'D008875', 'D000293', 'D055815']"
38951534,"Malnutrition contribution to the functional status and health related quality of life after COVID-19, a correlational follow-up study.","To assess malnutrition contribution to the functional status and health related quality of life after hospitalization due to COVID-19 pneumonia, 66 selected adults referred for physical rehabilitation accepted to participate in the study; none of them required oxygen supply or had history of lung/musculoskeletal/neurological/immune/rheumatic disease or trauma, or contraindication for respiratory-function tests. At three evaluations, with 3 months in-between, assessments included: self-report of functional status, the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire, spirometry, the 6-min-walk-test, the MRC-scale, the 30-s sit-to-stand-test, the timed-up-and-go-test, nutritional status, and ultrasound imaging (vastus medialis and diaphragm). At referral, patients had nutritional deficits with protein deficiency, which gradually improved; while muscle thickness (of both vastus medialis and diaphragm) increased, along with muscle strength and mobility (ANOVA, p < 0.05). Contrarywise, the distance covered during the 6-min-walk-test decreased (ANOVA, p < 0.05), with a negative influence from excess body mass. During rehabilitation, health-related quality of life and functional status improved, with negative influence from a history of tobacco use and referral delay, respectively. After hospitalization due to COVID-19, early diagnosis of both protein deficiency and decrease of skeletal muscle thickness could be relevant for rehabilitation, while pondering the negative impact of excess body mass on submaximal exercise performance.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D011788', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D044342', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D005500', 'D000085542', 'D009752', 'D000086402', 'D000328', 'D006760', 'D053580', 'D011795']"
38951012,"Photobiomodulation therapy for chronic knee pain in obese patients in pre-rehabilitation for bariatric surgery: randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, clinical trial protocol.","Obesity has become a worldwide public health problem and is directly linked to loss of quality of life, complications and comorbidities. One of them is chronic pain, especially in the knees, which increases significantly and proportionally with weight gain. In patients with severe obesity, with indication for bariatric surgery, the presence of chronic pain disables and often prevents their participation in a pre-surgical rehabilitation programme. As an analgesic therapy, photobiomodulation (PBM) has been studied with safety, efficacy, well-tolerated used and low costs. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the use of PBM for the treatment of chronic knee pain in obese patients undergoing a pre-surgical rehabilitation programme for bariatric surgery.","['D006801', 'D004311', 'D050110', 'D059350', 'D028022', 'D016032', 'D009765', 'D011788', 'D007719', 'D010147', 'D000328', 'D018771']"
38951010,Living with mesothelioma: a systematic review of mental health and well-being impacts and interventions for patients and their informal carers.,"Mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer predominantly affecting the lung and abdominal linings. It can have a unique impact on mental health and well-being (MHWB) due to its incurability, poor prognosis and asbestos-exposure causation. This review's aims were to identify/synthesise international evidence on mesothelioma's MHWB impacts; explore MHWB interventions used by patients and carers; and identify evidence of their effectiveness.","['D006801', 'D008654', 'D017028', 'D008603', 'D011788', 'D001007', 'D003863']"
38950550,[Ethics of AI in medicine].,"Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly finding its way into medicine, and it is not yet clear how it will change the practice of medicine and the way doctors see themselves. This article explores the ethical limits of AI by (1) discussing the reductionistic elements inherent in AI, (2) working out the problematic implications of algorithmisation and (3) highlighting the lack of human control as an ethical problem of AI. The conclusion is that although AI is a useful tool to support medical judgement, it is absolutely dependent on human decision-making authority in order to actually prove beneficial for medicine.","['D001185', 'D006801', 'D004992', 'D000465']"
38950436,"History of biological, mechanistic, and clinical understanding of concussion.","The history behind the biological, mechanistic, and clinical insights into concussion provides awareness of the current understanding and future areas for study. Although the initial description of concussion appeared in the 10th century, the potential long-term structural consequences were first defined by Harrison Martland, M.D., who performed a postmortem study of former boxers in 1928. He found evidence of perivascular microhemorrhage that he believed eventually evolved into a ""replacement gliosis"" underlying a clinical syndrome that he named ""punch drunk,"" which was characterized by acute confusion with chronic cognitive and physical symptoms developing in those with prolonged exposure. Further research into the potential long-term consequences of repetitive concussions, particularly in athletics and the military, led to an understanding of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. To ameliorate possible long-term risks, research has been focused on preventative and therapeutic measures for concussion. In this review article, the authors present the history of concussion and the long-term sequelae of repeated head injury. Specifically, they consider how the understanding of concussion has evolved from antiquity into the modern era, and how this change in understanding of head injury has led to an appreciation of the fact that its long-term implications sometimes manifest as the clinical and histopathological entity of chronic traumatic encephalopathy.","['D006801', 'D001924', 'D049673', 'D049672', 'D049671', 'D049691', 'D049670', 'D049669', 'D049674', 'D049690', 'D001265', 'D000070627', 'D049668']"
38950368,The chronology of the human colonization of the Canary Islands.,"The human colonization of the Canary Islands represents the sole known expansion of Berber communities into the Atlantic Ocean and is an example of marine dispersal carried out by an African population. While this island colonization shows similarities to the populating of other islands across the world, several questions still need to be answered before this case can be included in wider debates regarding patterns of initial colonization and human settlement, human-environment interactions, and the emergence of island identities. Specifically, the chronology of the first human settlement of the Canary Islands remains disputed due to differing estimates of the timing of its first colonization. This absence of a consensus has resulted in divergent hypotheses regarding the motivations that led early settlers to migrate to the islands, e.g., ecological or demographic. Distinct motivations would imply differences in the strategies and dynamics of colonization; thus, identifying them is crucial to understanding how these populations developed in such environments. In response, the current study assembles a comprehensive dataset of the most reliable radiocarbon dates, which were used for building Bayesian models of colonization. The findings suggest that i) the Romans most likely discovered the islands around the 1st century BCE; ii) Berber groups from western North Africa first set foot on one of the islands closest to the African mainland sometime between the 1st and 3rd centuries CE; iii) Roman and Berber societies did not live simultaneously in the Canary Islands; and iv) the Berber people rapidly spread throughout the archipelago.","['D006801', 'D013030', 'D063426', 'D001499', 'D049690', 'D055110']"
38949992,Enhancement of Pulmonary Function and Reduction of Complications Through EIT-Guided Yoga Breathing Exercise After Esophagectomy.,"BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the impact of EIT-guided yoga breathing training on postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) for esophageal cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Total of 62 patients underwent radical resections of esophageal cancer. Esophageal cancer patients were randomized to the standard care group, or the intervention group receiving an additional complete breathing exercise under the guidance of EIT in AICU. Following extubation after the esophagectomy, pulmonary functions were evaluated by EIT with center of ventilation (CoV), dependent silent spaces (DSS), and non-dependent silent spaces (NSS). RESULTS Sixty-one older esophageal cancer patients (31 in the Control group and 30 in the EIT group) were included in the final analysis. Forty-four patients experienced pulmonary complications after esophagectomy, 27 (87.1%) in the Control group and 17 (36.7%) in the EIT group (RR, 0.42 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.69). The most common pulmonary complication was pleural effusion, with an incidence of 30% in the EIT group and 74.2% in the Control group, with RR of 0.40 (95% CI: 0.23, 0.73). Time for the first pulmonary complication was significantly longer in the EIT group than in the Control group (hazard ratio, HR, 0.43; 95% CI 0.21 to 0.87; P=0.019). Patients in the EIT group had significantly higher scores in CoV, DSS, and NSS than in the Control group. CONCLUSIONS Guided by EIT, the addition of the postoperative breathing exercise to the standardized care during AICU could further improve pulmonary function, and reduce postoperative pulmonary complications after esophagectomy.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D016629', 'D005260', 'D001945', 'D011183', 'D008875', 'D004938', 'D000368', 'D015013', 'D012129', 'D008168']"
38949725,Quality of life and death anxiety among caregivers of patients with advanced cancer: the mediating effect of trait anxious personality and the moderating effect of social support.,"To explore the mediating role of trait anxious personality in the association between quality of life (QoL) and death anxiety (DA), as well as to test the moderating effect of social support in the mediation model.","['D006801', 'D011788', 'D017028', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D009369', 'D012944', 'D008875', 'D001007', 'D010551', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D001293', 'D011795']"
38949449,Social accountability challenges and recommendations by community service rehabilitation therapists.," Social accountability entails providing equitable and accessible services that are tailor-made for the community's healthcare needs and enable rehabilitation therapists to improve the efficiency and efficacy of healthcare delivery and their response. Enabling them to provide optimal care during their community service year requires understanding the gaps in their knowledge, experience and the support they provide to the communities they service.","['D006801', 'D012941', 'D017144', 'D003153', 'D036301', 'D013019', 'D007407', 'D003144', 'D005260', 'D012046', 'D008297']"
38949448,"The impact, perceptions and needs of parents of children with epidermolysis bullosa."," Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a rare, incurable genodermatosis that presents with blistering and skin fragility. Complications can be localised or generalised, limited to the skin or have systemic effects resulting in death. Caring for a child with this painful condition can have a profound effect on the quality of life of parents and the family. There is currently no published research on the lived experience of parents caring for a child with EB in a resource-limited environment in Africa.","['D006801', 'D004820', 'D010290', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D036301', 'D002648', 'D000328', 'D011788', 'D007407', 'D008875', 'D013019', 'D002675', 'D010465']"
38949437,Community service rehabilitation therapists' understanding of social accountability.," Social accountability is the obligation of health care providers to address the priority health concerns of the community they serve and of universities to ensure that graduates understand these social responsibilities. Although social accountability can combat systemic health inefficiencies, it is not well-understood or practised.","['D006801', 'D012941', 'D013019', 'D005260', 'D001291', 'D008297', 'D017144', 'D003153', 'D000328', 'D036301', 'D008875', 'D007407', 'D059825', 'D012046']"
38949217,"Navigating the depths: exploring seafarers' psychological well-being on board, anchored by the mediating role of resilience and loneliness.","This study investigates seafarers' loneliness as a mediating variable between psychological well-being and resilience, and tests resilience as a mediating variable between psychological well-being and loneliness. It also examines the challenges faced by seafarers on different types of ships and evaluates the mediating roles of resilience and loneliness.","['D006801', 'D008132', 'D055500', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D012767', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D009326', 'D011795', 'D008603', 'D014421', 'D055815', 'D000092862']"
38949001,Oneirotherapy in Overweight and Obesity.,"Oneirotherapy is a form of psychotherapy that is based on visual imagery and symbolism. In this communication. We discuss the role of oneirotherapy, or using vivid imagery, as adjuvant therapy in obesity care. Oneirotherapy can be used to promote acceptance of, and adherence to, prescribed therapy. It may also help improve quality of life and enhance self-esteem. However, oneirotherapy alone, without following a healthy lifestyle and or taking antiobesity medication, will help manage weight only in one's dreams.","['D006801', 'D009765', 'D050177', 'D011788', 'D012649']"
38948014,"Incobotulinum Toxin-A in Professional Musicians with Focal Task-Specific Dystonia: A Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Cross-Over Study.","Musician's focal task-specific dystonia is a complex disorder of fine motor control, with incomplete understanding of its etiology. There have been relatively few trials of botulinum toxin in upper limb task-specific dystonia, and prior studies have yielded variable results, leading to skepticism regarding the utility of this approach in elite performers.","['D006801', 'D004311', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D019274', 'D020821', 'D018592', 'D000328', 'D009146', 'D009465', 'D008875', 'D016896', 'D009784']"
38947110,Examining the Impact of Social Support on Psychological Well-Being Among Canadian Individuals With COPD: Implications for Government Policies.,"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant respiratory disease and is globally ranked as the third leading cause of death. In Canada, the direct healthcare costs associated with COPD are estimated to be $1.5 billion annually. This study utilized quantitative analyses to examine the impact of specific dimensions of social support, namely, guidance, reliable alliance, reassurance of worth, attachment, and social integration within a clinically identified population of individuals with COPD who exhibit symptoms of depression and anxiety. The study was based on the Social Provisions Theory and stress-buffering hypothesis, utilizing large-scale population data from Statistics Canada's 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) Mental Health component. On a national scale, individuals were more likely to report a decreased sense of belonging to a group of friends (social integration) and struggle to depend on others in stressful times (reliable alliance) while experiencing symptoms of anxiety and depression. These findings underscore the potential benefits of integrating peer support, socialization initiatives, and caregiver training into clinical programs designed for individuals with COPD.","['D006801', 'D029424', 'D002170', 'D012944', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D008603', 'D003863', 'D000368', 'D001007', 'D000328', 'D000092862']"
38947103,"Perspectives of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients on Readiness for Advance Care Planning at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana.","This study examined the impact of advance care planning (ACP) on the quality of life for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Ghana. It specifically investigated patients' perspectives on their readiness for ACP. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive design, one-on-one interviews were conducted with CKD patients at the renal clinic, employing a semi-structured interview guide for thematic analysis of audio data. The findings revealed a gap in understanding among CKD patients, with participants acknowledging their vulnerability to renal failure, often linked to a medical history of diabetes and hypertension. Despite recognizing potential outcomes such as dialysis dependency or death, some patients retained hope for a cure, relying on faith. The initial kidney failure diagnosis induced shock and distress, leading many patients to prefer the comfort and familiarity of home-based care, including dialysis. Meanwhile, a minority favored hospital care to protect their children from psychological trauma. Most patients deemed legal preparations unnecessary, citing limited assets or a lack of concern for posthumous estate execution. These insights emphasize the necessity for targeted education and support in ACP to enhance patient outcomes in chronic kidney disease care and end-of-life planning.","['D006801', 'D005869', 'D008297', 'D032722', 'D006784', 'D005260', 'D051436', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D011788']"
38946873,Early colorectal cancer screening-no time to lose.,"In this editorial, we comment on the article entitled ""Stage at diagnosis of colorectal cancer through diagnostic route: Who should be screened?"" by Agatsuma et al. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is emerging as an important health issue as its incidence continues to rise globally, adversely affecting the quality of life. Although the public has become more aware of CRC prevention, most patients lack screening awareness. Some poor lifestyle practices can lead to CRC and symptoms can appear in the early stages of CRC. However, due to the lack of awareness of the disease, most of the CRC patients are diagnosed already at an advanced stage and have a poor prognosis.","['D006801', 'D015179', 'D055088', 'D011788', 'D009367', 'D008403', 'D011379', 'D003113', 'D015994', 'D007722', 'D008019']"
38946417,Women in Natural Sciences (WiNS) at ETH Zurich Celebrates its 10th Anniversary - A Retrospective and Outlook.,"For this CHIMIA special issue on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the coincidental 10th anniversary of the association of Women in Natural Sciences (WiNS) at ETH Zurich, there is no better opportunity to share what we have achieved in the last decade. WiNS was originally founded by female PhD students and PostDocs at the Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences (D-CHAB) and has expanded to include three additional departments at ETH Zurich. Join us in celebrating our anniversary, reflecting on what we and other associations with the same mission have done to promote gender equality and reduced inequalities for all. We invite you to reflect on what yet has to be done to enact a systemic change towards achieving equal opportunities for all, rather than simply accommodating the female perspective to Switzerland's predominantly masculine working culture.","['D005260', 'D013557', 'D006801', 'D000846', 'D010811', 'D000084803']"
38946386,The impact of the human papillomavirus vaccine on women's health: a systematic review.,"The World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most widespread infection that affects women's reproductive system. HPV is a serious concern to women's health, as it has a negative impact on women's quality of life. Approximately 70% of all occurrences of cervical cancer globally are caused by HPV strains 16 and 18. A few studies have found that HPV vaccinations play a significant role in protecting women against HPV infections. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine and to examine the influence of this vaccine on women's health.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D053918', 'D030361', 'D016387', 'D002583', 'D000293', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D011788', 'D055815', 'D000368']"
38946241,Scientists in the news photos: Photographic portraits of scientists in China (1949-2022).,"Photography plays an important role in science communication. This study investigates the photographic portraits of scientists in the news media in China from 1949 to 2022. The data consist of 1,071 photographs published in People's Daily, the most influential newspaper in China. The photographs are analysed according to a framework based on previous studies on the visual representation of scientists. Analysis shows an overall image of scientists that demonstrates distinctive 'Chinese' features, such as the prominence of group photos and governmental honours. Diachronically, the visual image of scientists evolved from the early farmer scientists acclaimed in midst of political struggle to social elites and stars celebrated as China's hope for indigenous innovation. The study enriches our understanding of the visual representation of scientists in China, and sheds light on the influence of culture, politics and social positioning of science and technology on the image of scientists created by the media.","['D002681', 'D010781', 'D012586', 'D049673', 'D008402', 'D049674', 'D011173', 'D011057', 'D012108']"
38946189,"Self-perceived Burden, Impairment in Quality of Life and Sexual Functioning, and Further Implications in Patients with Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: A Narrative Review and Personal Experience.","Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is an inflammatory disease with numerous detrimental characteristics, namely its distressing symptoms, chronic course, sexual dysfunction, disfiguring anatomical changes, only partial response to treatment, and risk of evolution towards cancer. Interest in the burden of VLS on patient quality of life is fairly recent and only relatively few studies have addressed it so far. In order to focus on the impact of VLS in affected women, an electronic search was performed using the National Library of Medicine PubMed database. All the studies assessing VLS-related suffering and quality of life impairment published in the English literature were analyzed, including controlled studies, case series, and guidelines. The available literature shows that VLS can negatively affect patients' daily lives and significantly impair their physical and social activities, mental health, self-esteem, sexual functioning, and satisfaction. Health-related quality of life impairment among women with VLS is defined as moderate to severe, comparable to that of patients affected with other high-impact chronic skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and hidradenitis suppurativa. The symptoms are the main causes of the detrimental effect of VLS. By ameliorating symptoms, treatments are expected to highly improve patient quality of life, especially in case of complete clearance. Treating VLS has a beneficial impact on sexual dysfunction as well, even though dyspareunia appears less responsive than the other disease-related symptoms. In conclusion, the emotional and sexual dimensions are strongly impaired by VLS. Both in clinical practice and in clinical trials, quality of life and suffering should be taken into account and considered as strong conditioning factors in patient well-being. They should also become a measure of therapeutic response in treated patients.","['D006801', 'D011788', 'D005260', 'D007724', 'D012649', 'D012735']"
38945656,Community Reintegration After Traumatic Brain Injury.,"Achieving effective community reintegration is important to maximize recovery in patients with traumatic brain injury, simultaneously limiting caregiver burden and improving satisfaction with quality of life. Certain medical complications that are common after brain injury may impact community reintegration, and should be addressed by the physician in a systematic approach. Additionally certain social and environmental factors such as mobility or return to work or school may arise, and should be addressed proactively by the physician. Inpatient/residential or outpatient programs with case management and a multi-disciplinary team can facilitate community reentry for patients, and should be considered when available.","['D006801', 'D000070642', 'D062309', 'D011788']"
38945546,"The Core outcome Clubfoot (CoCo) study: relapse, with poorer clinical and quality of life outcomes, affects 37% of idiopathic clubfoot patients.","There is a lack of high-quality research investigating outcomes of Ponseti-treated idiopathic clubfeet and correlation with relapse. This study assessed clinical and quality of life (QoL) outcomes using a standardized core outcome set (COS), comparing children with and without relapse.","['D006801', 'D003025', 'D011788', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012008', 'D002648', 'D002675', 'D016896', 'D002370', 'D007223', 'D058971', 'D005500']"
38945545,Are there patients with an intracapsular fracture of the hip who may benefit from an uncemented hemiarthroplasty?,"Cemented hemiarthroplasty is an effective form of treatment for most patients with an intracapsular fracture of the hip. However, it remains unclear whether there are subgroups of patients who may benefit from the alternative operation of a modern uncemented hemiarthroplasty - the aim of this study was to investigate this issue. Knowledge about the heterogeneity of treatment effects is important for surgeons in order to target operations towards specific subgroups who would benefit the most.","['D006801', 'D062785', 'D000368', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D011788', 'D008875', 'D001843', 'D000369', 'D016896', 'D005265', 'D002484', 'D019644']"
38945542,Unmet needs in treating itch: reaching beyond eczema.,"Pruritus is an unpleasant sensation that creates the urge to scratch. In many chronic conditions, relentless pruritus and scratching perpetuates a vicious itch-scratch cycle. Uncontrolled itch can detrimentally affect quality of life and may lead to sleep disturbance, impaired concentration, financial burden, and psychological suffering. Recent strides have been made to develop guidelines and investigate new therapies to treat some of the most common severely pruritic conditions, however, a large group of diseases remains underrecognized and undertreated. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the challenges hindering the treatment of pruritus.","['D006801', 'D011537', 'D004485', 'D011788', 'D002908']"
38944885,Single IRB Review and Local Context Considerations: A Scoping Review.,"A leading concern about single IRB (sIRB) review for multisite studies, as is now required by federal policies, is whether and how sIRBs consider local context in their review. While several types of local context considerations have been proposed, there is no shared agreement among those charged with the ethics oversight of human subjects research as to the goals and content of local context review, nor the types of research studies for which sIRB review might be inappropriate. Through a scoping review of published scholarship, public comments, and federal guidance documents, we identified five assumed goals for local context review: protecting the rights and welfare of local participants; ensuring compliance with applicable laws and policies; assessing feasibility; promoting the quality of research; and promoting procedural justice. While a variety of content was proposed to be relevant, it was largely grouped into four domains: population/participant-level characteristics; investigator and research team characteristics; institution-level characteristics; and state and local laws. Proposed characteristics for exclusion from sIRB requirements reflected both protection- and efficiency-based concerns. These findings can inform ongoing efforts to assess the implications of policies mandating sIRB review, and when exceptions to those policies might be appropriate.","['D006801', 'D028744', 'D032984', 'D006805']"
38944884,Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Routine Clinical Practice: Practical Guidance for Institutional Review Boards.,"The use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) is increasingly common in routine clinical practice. As tools to quantify symptoms and health status, PROMs play an important role in focusing health care on outcomes that matter to patients. The uses of PROM data are myriad, ranging from clinical care to survey-based research and quality improvement. Discerning the boundaries between these use cases can be challenging for institutional review boards (IRBs). In this article, we provide a framework for classifying the three primary PROM use cases (clinical care, human subjects research, and quality improvement) and discuss the level of IRB oversight (if any) necessary for each. One of the most important considerations for IRB staff is whether PROMs are being used primarily for clinical care and thus do not constitute human subjects research. We discuss characteristics of PROMs implemented primarily for clinical care, focusing on: data platform; survey location; questionnaire length; patient interface; and clinician interface. We also discuss IRB oversight of projects involving the secondary use of PROM data that were collected during the course of clinical care, which span human subjects research and quality improvement. This framework provides practical guidance for IRB staff as well as clinicians who use PROMs as communication aids in routine clinical practice.","['D006801', 'D028744', 'D000071066', 'D058996', 'D011795']"
38944883,Rationale and Study Checklist for Ethical Rejection of Participants on Crowdsourcing Research Platforms.,"Online participant recruitment (""crowdsourcing"") platforms are increasingly being used for research studies. While such platforms can rapidly provide access to large samples, there are concomitant concerns around data quality. Researchers have studied and demonstrated means to reduce the prevalence of low-quality data from crowdsourcing platforms, but approaches to doing so often involve rejecting work and/or denying payment to participants, which can pose ethical dilemmas. We write this essay as an associate professor and two institutional review board (IRB) directors to provide a perspective on the competing interests of participants/workers and researchers and to propose a checklist of steps that we believe may support workers' agency on the platform and lessen instances of unfair consequences to them while enabling researchers to definitively reject lower-quality work that might otherwise reduce the likelihood of their studies producing true results. We encourage further, explicit discussion of these issues among academics and among IRBs.","['D063045', 'D006801', 'D057189', 'D018579', 'D032984', 'D028744', 'D012108', 'D000068598']"
38944882,Research with Refugee Populations in North America: Applying the NIH Guiding Principles for Ethical Research.,"This article examines the ethics of research design and the initiation of a study (e.g., recruitment of participants) involving refugee participants. We aim to equip investigators and members of IRBs with a set of ethical considerations and pragmatic recommendations to address challenges in refugee-focused research as it is developed and prepared for IRB review. We discuss challenges including how refugees are being defined and identified; their vulnerabilities before, during, and following resettlement that impacts their research participation; recruitment; consent practices including assent and unaccompanied minors; and conflicts of interest. Ethical guidance and regulatory oversight provided by international bodies, federal governments, and IRBs are important for enforcing the protection of participants. We describe the need for additional ethical guidance and awareness, if not special protections for refugee populations as guided by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Guiding Principles for Ethical Research.","['D012036', 'D006801', 'D014481', 'D009316', 'D032984', 'D007258', 'D028744', 'D009656', 'D016265', 'D012107', 'D018579', 'D035843', 'D033242', 'D017408', 'D035862']"
38944881,Translational Bioethical Decision-Making: Human Brain Organoids as a Case Study.,"In an earlier essay, I advocated that translational bioethics uses the public's values, determined through social science, in its analysis of translational science technologies. It may be unclear what those values might be, and whether such a translational ethics would necessarily conclude that cutting edge technologies should not be developed. In this essay, I show the public's values relevant to human brain organoids and argue that a translational bioethics analysis using these values would support continued organoid research.","['D006801', 'D009940', 'D001921', 'D057170', 'D003657', 'D001675', 'D012945']"
38944821,[Palliative care in a department of internal medicine].,"Bevezetés: A palliatív ellátás javítja a krónikus, progresszív betegségben szenvedő, súlyos állapotú betegek életminőségét. Célkitűzés: Célunk volt, hogy felmérjük a belgyógyászati osztályunkon kezelt, krónikus, progresszív betegségben szenvedő, súlyos állapotú betegek palliatív ellátásának szükségességét és a betegek jellemzőit. Módszer: Retrospektív tanulmányunk a 2020. január 1. és 2024. január 31. között klinikánkra a Sürgősségi Betegellátó Osztályról felvett, palliatív konzíliumba referált betegek betegségjellemzőit, a klinikai diagnózis és a palliatív ellátás időpontjait, a betegek felvételének okát, állapotukat, tüneteiket, esetleges haláluk helyét és idejét vizsgálta. Eredmények: A 197 beteg átlagéletkora 71 év volt, 45%-uk volt férfi. Daganatos betegségben 95, egyéb krónikus, progresszív betegségben 5%-uk szenvedett. Az elsődleges daganat leggyakoribb helye a tüdő, a vastagbél és az emlő volt. A nem daganatos betegek szervelégtelenségben vagy neurológiai kórképben szenvedtek. Korai palliatív ellátásban a daganatos betegek 4%-a részesült. A betegek funkcionális stádiumának átlaga ECOG 3,4, illetve a Karnofsky-index szerint 24% volt. A vezető tünetek a fájdalom, az étvágytalanság és a fulladás voltak. Daganatos betegeknél a diagnózis és a palliatív gondozás kezdete között eltelt idő átlaga 110 hétnek bizonyult, 17%-uknál a két időpont megegyezett. A palliatív gondozás kezdete és a klinikai palliatív konzílium között átlagosan 26 nap telt el, 71%-uknál a két időpont megegyezett. Családi megbeszélés a betegek 33%-ánál valósult meg, mely alacsony arány részben a COVID–19-pandémia alatti beteglátogatási korlátozásoknak tudható be. A vizsgálat végéig a betegek 88%-a elhunyt, csupán 27%-a az otthonában. A palliatív ellátás kezdete és a halál időpontja között átlagosan 82 nap telt el. Megbeszélés: Eredményeink azt mutatják, hogy a palliatív ellátási igényű betegek tüneti terhei jelentősek. A daganatos betegek diagnózisa sokszor késői, korai palliatív ellátásuk ritkán történik meg, palliatív gondozásba későn kerülnek, és sokszor nem az otthonukban halnak meg, ahol utolsó időszakuk eltöltését preferálnák. A nem daganatos, krónikus progresszív kórképben szenvedőknél ritkán gondolunk a palliatív ellátás szükségességére. Következtetés: A krónikus, progresszív betegségben szenvedők korai palliatív ellátása javítja az életminőségüket. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(26): 1010–1016.","['D006801', 'D010166', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D012189', 'D007388', 'D011788', 'D009369', 'D008875', 'D000086382', 'D006814', 'D000369']"
38944781,[Chronic kidney disease and accelerated aging: the role of comprehensive geriatric assessment.].,"This review presents data from the literature on the characteristics of the course of chronic kidney disease from the perspective of the geriatric patient. Chronic kidney disease and progression of renal failure is a prototype model of premature and accelerated aging. Many authors have stated that a better mechanistic understanding of the phenomenon of premature aging, early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease, and a geriatric approach to the patient can improve the effectiveness of management and prolongation of life in this category of patients. Comprehensive geriatric assessment is one of the most important tools used by geriatricians and their teams to globally assess elderly patients and plan effective interventions. It is concluded that the use of comprehensive geriatric assessment in patients with chronic kidney disease may improve the clinical status of patients and allow selection of patients who may benefit most from renal replacement therapy compared to a conservative approach. And even in the early stages of chronic kidney disease, a comprehensive geriatric assessment may be useful in formulating a complete intervention plan and optimizing quality of life, autonomy, and prognosis. However, despite recognition of the importance of comprehensive geriatric assessment, the means to implement this tool in nephrology departments have not been developed and require special training programs and appropriate skills. It is concluded that much more needs to be done to realize the continuity of nephrologists and geriatricians in the provision of meaningful skilled care to older patients with chronic kidney disease.","['D006801', 'D015577', 'D051436', 'D000368', 'D011788', 'D000375', 'D018450', 'D019588', 'D011379']"
38944774,"[Geriatric syndromes: the importance of the problem, controversial issues of terminology.].","The foundation of healthy aging is the prevention of disability. In modern medical usage, a syndrome refers to a collection of symptoms and signs with a single underlying cause that may not yet be known. Geriatric syndromes, on the other hand, refer to multifactorial health conditions and occur when the accumulated effects of impairments in multiple systems make an older person vulnerable to situational changes. The use of the term ""syndrome"" in geriatrics emphasizes the multiple causes of a single manifestation involving an abundance of factors involving multiple organs and systems and is characterized by unique features of common health problems in older adults. It is the geriatric syndromes that can have a significant impact on quality of life and disability. Therefore, early detection of these medical conditions using targeted geriatric assessment is essential in geriatrics. Understanding the essence and feminology of geriatric syndromes, their correct positioning and interpretation is an extremely urgent problem. The main purpose of the presented review is precisely to try to answer these questions. In addition, it has not yet been determined whether geriatric syndromes should be included in the diagnosis (the only exception is sarcopenia syndrome, which was officially included in the 10th International Classification of Diseases in 2016).","['D006801', 'D000368', 'D009626', 'D015577', 'D013577', 'D011788', 'D005853', 'D055948', 'D000375']"
38944769,[Targeted use of comprehensive geriatric assessment tools in cardiology. Part I (literature review).].,"The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the importance of using a comprehensive geriatric examination in cardiology, including geriatric aspects of the management of this patient population. Until now, the Russian Federation has completely lacked a geriatric approach to the management of cardiological patients, which provides for consideration of international experience in this survey. The curation of elderly and elderly patients is complicated by the presence of geriatric syndromes and age-associated diseases leading to deterioration of quality of life, repeated hospitalizations, disability and risk of death. The leading geriatric syndrome in geriatric practice is senile asthenia and multiple comorbid polymorbid pathologies of the geriatric patient. A patient admitted to an acute care hospital with a history of cardiovascular comorbid pathology is primarily viewed as a patient at high risk for cardiovascular complications, omitting the risk of adverse outcomes, including loss of independence and impaired functional status. The following literature review demonstrates the importance of defining senile asthenia outside of the geriatrician's office, justifying the need for advanced training for cardiologists in geriatrics.","['D006801', 'D015577', 'D000368', 'D002318', 'D011788', 'D002309', 'D001247', 'D015897']"
38944469,[Design of information tools on technical aids for front-line professionals working with people losing their autonomy].,"The use of technical aids has a positive impact on the autonomy and quality of life of elderly or disabled people, and is also beneficial for the caregivers and professionals who support them. Nevertheless, there are still major obstacles to their use, notably a general lack of information on technical aids. This observation led us to produce a set of information tools to help people better understand these aids and how to use them.","['D006801', 'D026684', 'D000368', 'D006233']"
38943541,Epidermolysis Bullosa in Spain: A Qualitative Analysis of Its Social Impact on Families With Diagnosed Minors.,"Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) comprises a group of rare types of genodermatoses characterized by extreme mucocutaneous fragility, leading to blistering and/or erosions, even with minimal trauma. Continuous care through wound management is an integral part of daily life for the families and individuals affected. The aim of this study was to assess the social reality and impacts on families of having minor members diagnosed with EB in Spain.","['D006801', 'D013030', 'D004820', 'D017144', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D036301', 'D002648', 'D000293', 'D000328', 'D033242', 'D011788', 'D002675', 'D005190', 'D012959']"
38943407,What type of physical exercise works best to improve movement and quality of life for people with Parkinson's disease? - A Cochrane Review summary with commentary.,"Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder diagnosed by motor symptoms of bradykinesia, in combination with tremor, rigidity, or postural instability. Many studies document the effects of exercise-based interventions, but the benefit of different exercise types remains unclear.","['D006801', 'D005081', 'D010300', 'D011788', 'D000078202']"
38943318,The chain mediating effect of spiritual well-being and anticipatory grief between benefit finding and meaning in life of patients with advanced lung cancer: Empirical research quantitative.,This study aimed to explore the chain mediating effect of spiritual well-being and anticipatory grief between benefit finding and meaning in life of patients with advanced lung cancer.,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008175', 'D003430', 'D008875', 'D006117', 'D029181', 'D011795', 'D000368', 'D011788', 'D036262', 'D000223', 'D000328']"
38943314,Laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus conservative management for adults with uncomplicated symptomatic gallstones: the C-GALL RCT.,"Gallstone disease is a common gastrointestinal disorder in industrialised societies. The prevalence of gallstones in the adult population is estimated to be approximately 10-15%, and around 80% remain asymptomatic. At present, cholecystectomy is the default option for people with symptomatic gallstone disease.","['D006801', 'D042882', 'D017081', 'D003362', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D011788', 'D019057', 'D000072700', 'D000328', 'D013673', 'D000368', 'D006113', 'D008390']"
38955155,[Basics in diagnostics and therapy of allergic diseases for ENT consultations].,"Allergies play a pivotal role in the daily practice of ENT specialists. Allergic symptoms induced by inhalant allergens are widespread in the population and can manifest through a wide range of symptoms, including rhinorrhea, sneezing, conjunctival redness, cough and dyspnea. Inconsistent diagnosis and treatment of allergic conditions can lead to reduced quality of life, decreased work performance, and socioeconomically significant secondary diseases. In addition to the medical history, the skin prick test and serological IgE diagnostics are the most important diagnostic procedure for detecting type-I allergies. To clarify clinical relevance, molecular diagnostics and nasal provocation testing may be employed. The key to effective treatment lies in a comprehensive allergological diagnosis coupled with a detailed patient history. General treatment recommendations such as allergen avoidance and nasal irrigation should complement pharmacological therapy. In the treatment of allergic rhinitis topical steroids are first line treatment options. The primary goal of treatment is symptom control, and if control is insufficient, causal therapy through specific allergen immunotherapy is recommended. Challenges in the ENT clinic involve selecting the necessary diagnostics and appropriate, effective treatments. Hence, using diagnostic and treatment algorithms, as well as standardized patient history questionnaires, can serve as invaluable tools in daily patient interactions, especially considering limited time availability.","['D006801', 'D007073', 'D012882', 'D003888', 'D012017', 'D006967']"
38955722,[The advances on oral tolerance induction for prevention of egg allergy in infants].,"The prevalence of food allergy is increasing worldwide and seriously affects the living quality of patients and their families. Egg allergy is one of the commonest forms of food allergy. The traditional regimen is to delay the introduction of eggs to infant complementary foods, which is not able to reduce the prevalence of egg allergies and causes negative effects on infants' physical and psychological conditions. Oral tolerance therapy is an approach to establish immune tolerance by the active suppression of specific immune responses to antigens in the gastrointestinal tract. The development of oral tolerance through early introduction of eggs to infant complementary has proven effective in randomized controlled trials, which has been incorporated into infant feeding guidelines in many countries. This article focuses on the mechanism, efficacy and safety of oral tolerance induction in the prevention of egg allergy.","['D006801', 'D021181', 'D007223', 'D007108', 'D003888']"
38955715,[Pulmonary pathological changes in the patient undergoing lung transplantation after chronic graft-versus-host disease complicated by pulmonary infection post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: report of a case].,同种异体或自体造血干细胞移植是各种血液系统疾病的主要治疗手段，并显著提高了患者的生存率。但是同种异体造血干细胞移植后机体出现的移植物抗宿主病是降低患者生活质量和长期生存率的关键因素。移植物抗宿主病多表现为多器官受累，其中迟发性非感染性肺部并发症是造血干细胞移植后死亡的重要原因。在这些并发症中，闭塞性细支气管炎综合征是一种由进行性小气道疾病定义的独特临床实体，是最普遍和最具特征的晚期并发症，也是目前唯一被正式认定为肺部移植物抗宿主病的疾病实体。本文报道了1例急性白血病患者异体骨髓移植术后1年半出现移植物抗宿主病——闭塞性细支气管炎，后因重症肺炎致呼吸功能障碍行肺移植术。对患者全肺切除标本进行病理学检查，显微镜下观察见典型的闭塞性细支气管炎，此外见脏层胸膜广泛显著纤维化以及脏层胸膜下肺间质纤维化。本例受体肺病理学检查拓展了对造血干细胞移植后慢性移植物抗宿主病的肺部病理学特征的认识，为进一步临床诊疗提供可靠的病理学依据。.,"['D006801', 'D006086', 'D018380', 'D001989', 'D016040', 'D008168', 'D008297', 'D011014', 'D000328', 'D000092122']"
38954599,Guillain-Barré Syndrome Following Lung Adenocarcinoma Surgery: A Case Report and Literature Review.,"BACKGROUND Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is a rare immune-mediated peripheral nerve disorder. Among non-infectious factors, surgery has been identified as a potential trigger of the disease. This report presents the case of a 74-year-old man who developed GBS 15 days after a right lower lobectomy for lung adenocarcinoma. CASE REPORT We present a case of a patient who was a former smoker who underwent uniportal video-assisted (U-VATS) right lower lobectomy for localized lung adenocarcinoma. Fifteen days after surgery, he exhibited bilateral lower-limb weakness, widespread paresthesia, and postural instability. Comprehensive diagnostic workup, including clinical assessment, serological tests, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, and nerve conduction studies (NCS), confirmed the diagnosis. Notably, CSF analysis revealed albumin-cytological dissociation, with albumin 453.2 mg/L, protein 757 mg/L, glucose 67 mg/dl, 3 white blood cells (WBC)/uL, and polymorphonucleates (PMN) 33%. NCS demonstrated motor and sensory abnormalities. Prompt administration of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) 2 g/kg daily for 5 days resulted in complete recovery within 3 months. CONCLUSIONS This case emphasizes the importance of prompt recognition and management of GBS as a postoperative complication. Neurological examination, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological studies are essential for accurate diagnosis. IVIG therapy remains a cornerstone in GBS management, with favorable outcomes observed in this case. Enhanced awareness among clinicians about the potential association between surgery and GBS is vital to prevent more serious complications and ensure optimal patient management. Further research is crucial to determine the precise pathogenesis and mechanisms of GBS following lung surgery.","['D006801', 'D020275', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D008175', 'D000077192', 'D011183', 'D000230', 'D016756', 'D020775', 'D011013']"
38954143,Prevalence and associated factors of low bone mineral density in people living with HIV: a cross-sectional study.,"This study examined low bone mineral density (BMD) prevalence and associated factors among Chinese people living with HIV (PLWH), uncovering a persistent high BMD risk in older individuals, even after adjusting for age and body mass index (BMI). Notably, lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) therapy was linked to reduced BMD, highlighting the imperative need for regular BMD monitoring and interventions in older PLWH.","['D006801', 'D003430', 'D015658', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D015519', 'D015995', 'D000328', 'D002681', 'D015502', 'D012189', 'D010024', 'D012307', 'D000368', 'D001851']"
38953026,Clinical features in antiglycine receptor antibody-related disease: a case report and update literature review.,Antiglycine receptor (anti-GlyR) antibody mediates multiple immune-related diseases. This study aimed to summarize the clinical features to enhance our understanding of anti-GlyR antibody-related disease.,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D018009', 'D001323', 'D055815', 'D004679', 'D009127', 'D009207', 'D016750', 'D000328']"
38951814,Differences in neutralizing antibody sensitivities and envelope characteristics indicate distinct antigenic properties of Nigerian HIV-1 subtype G and CRF02_AG.,"The magnitude of the HIV-1 epidemic in Nigeria is second only to the subtype C epidemic in South Africa, yet the subtypes prevalent in Nigeria require further characterization. A panel of 50 subtype G and 18 CRF02_AG Nigerian HIV-1 pseudoviruses (PSV) was developed and envelope coreceptor usage, neutralization sensitivity and cross-clade reactivity were characterized. These PSV were neutralized by some antibodies targeting major neutralizing determinants, but potentially important differences were observed in specific sensitivities (eg. to sCD4, MPER and V2/V3 monoclonal antibodies), as well as in properties such as variable loop lengths, number of potential N-linked glycans and charge, demonstrating distinct antigenic characteristics of CRF02_AG and subtype G. There was preferential neutralization of the matched CRF/subtype when PSV from subtype G or CRF02_AG were tested using pooled plasma. These novel Nigerian PSV will be useful to study HIV-1 CRF- or subtype-specific humoral immune responses for subtype G and CRF02_AG.","['D015497', 'D009549', 'D057134', 'D006801', 'D015483', 'D009500', 'D015658', 'D054299', 'D003429']"
38951768,Use of poppers (nitrite inhalants) among young men who have sex with men with HIV: A clinic-based qualitative study.,"Nitrite inhalants (poppers) are associated with HIV transmission and commonly used among young men who have sex with men (YMSM), a group at increased risk for HIV. Significant research gaps exist in understanding the context in which YMSM use poppers. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 15 YMSM (22-31 years) with HIV to better understand the context in which poppers are used and their impacts on HIV care outcomes, such as care retention and antiretroviral adherence. The Social Ecological Model was applied to understand intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, and system level influences on popper use. Factors influencing popper use included: ubiquity of popper use in sexual settings, introduction to poppers by casual sexual partners, patient-HIV provider communication surrounding poppers, neighborhood, substance use and HIV care systems, and the legal status of poppers. Implications for clinical care, public health, policy, and future research are discussed.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D015658', 'D000328', 'D018451', 'D036301', 'D055815', 'D009573', 'D007407']"
38951761,Comparison between MRI-negative and positive results and the predictors for a poor prognosis in patients with idiopathic acute transverse myelitis.,"Idiopathic acute transverse myelitis (IATM) is a focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord that results in motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction. However, the comparative analysis of MRI-negative and MRI-positive in IATM patients were rarely reported.","['D006801', 'D009188', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008279', 'D011379', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D013116', 'D012189']"
38951583,Allergies and risk of head and neck cancer: a case-control study.,"Although the relationship between allergies and cancer has been investigated extensively, the role of allergies in head and neck cancer (HNC) appears less consistent. It is unclear whether allergies can independently influence the risk of HNC in the presence of substantial environmental risk factors, including consumption of alcohol, betel quid, and cigarettes. This study aims to find this association. We examined the relationship between allergies and HNC risk in a hospital-based case-control study with 300 cases and 375 matched controls. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals, controlling for age, sex, tobacco smoking and opium usage history, alcohol consumption, and socioeconomic status. Our study showed a significant reduction in the risk of HNC associated with allergy symptoms after adjusting for confounders. The risk of HNC was greatly reduced among those with any type of allergy (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.28, 0.65). The ORs were considerably reduced by 58-88% for different kinds of allergies. The risk of HNC reduction was higher in allergic women than in allergic men (71% vs. 49%). Allergies play an influential role in the risk of HNC development. Future studies investigating immune biomarkers, including cytokine profiles and genetic polymorphisms, are necessary to further delineate the relationship between allergies and HNC. Understanding the relationship between allergies and HNC may help to devise effective strategies to reduce and treat HNC.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D006258', 'D016022', 'D008875', 'D006967', 'D012307', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D016017']"
38951107,[Clinical characteristics of perimenopausal female patients with rheumatoid arthritis].,"Objective: To explore the menopause status of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and clinical characteristics of perimenopausal RA patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study. Female RA patients were recruited retrospectively in the Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital from August 2015 to August 2023. Clinical data were collected, including onset age, disease duration, RA disease activity indicators, functional assessment, and radiographic scores. According to menopausal status, the patients were categorized as pre-menopausal, perimenopausal and post-menopausal groups to explore their menopausal and clinical characteristics. Results: A total of 1 151 female patients were enrolled, with a mean age of (50.2±13.0) years. At enrollment, there were 470 (40.8%), 140 (12.2%) and 541 (47.0%) patients in pre-menopause, perimenopause and post-menopause status, respectively. The mean age of menopause was (49.0±4.2) years. Compared with pre-menopausal group, perimenopausal RA patients had higher disease activity indicators [clinical disease activity index (CDAI) 17 (6, 26) vs 10 (3, 19) ], higher levels of inflammation [erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 35 (21, 65) vs 26 (14, 44) mm/1h, C-reactive protein (CRP) 6.2 (3.2, 16.8) vs 3.3 (3.2, 13.6) mg/L], and a higher proportion of functional limitation [25.0%(35/140) vs 10.4%(49/470)] (all P<0.016 7); while there was no significant differences in disease activity[M(Q1, Q3)] [CDAI 17 (6, 26) vs 14 (6, 25)], levels of inflammation [ESR 35(21, 65) vs 42 (23, 72) mm/1h, CRP 6.2 (3.2, 16.8) vs 6.2 (3.3, 23.9) mg/L] and functional limitation [25.0%(35/140) vs 28.8%(156/541)] when compared with those in post-menopausal group (all P>0.016 7). In RA patients during the perimenopausal period, 49 cases (35.0%) developed RA during this period. Compared with patients with RA onset during reproductive age, patients with RA onset during the perimenopausal period had higher numbers of 28-joint tender joints [7 (2, 10) vs 4 (0, 8)], higher CDAI [20 (12, 29) vs 14 (4, 24)], and higher ESR [45 (25, 72) vs 32 (18, 56) mm/1h] (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Perimenopausal patients with RA have severe disease activity and functional limitation.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D001172', 'D008875', 'D047648', 'D003430', 'D012189', 'D002097', 'D001799', 'D017698', 'D012720']"
38951082,[Prenatal interventions for inborn errors of immunity].,免疫出生缺陷（IEI）是一类主要由单基因突变导致的免疫细胞数量和（或）功能异常的遗传性疾病，部分IEI发病极早，甚至在宫内即出现严重的器官损害。IEI的产前干预对预防出生缺陷和提供更佳的治疗选择具有重要意义。近年来，扩展性携带者筛查、游离胎儿DNA检测、基因测序等技术在遗传性疾病的产前筛查及诊断中广泛被应用，宫内干细胞移植、宫内基因治疗等或将为遗传性疾病带去新的治疗希望，但目前针对IEI的产前干预研究有限。本文综述了IEI的产前筛查、产前诊断及可能的宫内治疗相关的研究及临床进展，以期促进临床对IEI产前干预的认知和恰当实践。.,"['D006801', 'D011247', 'D011296', 'D005260', 'D015316', 'D005820', 'D009154', 'D007154', 'D046128']"
38956313,Profiling lipid mediators in serum from children with H1N1 influenza.,"Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 can cause severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in young children and elderly individuals. H1N1 initiates inflammatory responses that aim to contain and eliminate microbial invaders. Various lipid mediators (LMs) are biosynthesized and play a critical role in fighting viruses during inflammation; thus, by profiling the LMs in patients, researchers can obtain mechanistic insights into diseases, such as the pathways disrupted. To date, the relationship between molecular alterations in LMs and the pathogenesis of H1N1 influenza in children is poorly understood. Here, we employed a targeted liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‒MS/MS) to profile LMs in serum from children with H1N1 influenza (H1N1 children) and recovered children. We found that 22 LM species were altered in H1N1 children with mild symptoms. Analysis of the LM profiles of recovered children revealed a decrease in the levels of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and thromboxane B3 (TxB3) and an increase in the levels of other 8 altered LM species associated with H1N1 influenza, including cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme-derived dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DiHETrEs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) from arachidonic acid (AA), and epoxyoctadecamonoenoic acids (EpOMEs) from linoleic acid (LA). Taken together, the results of this study revealed that serum LMs change dynamically in H1N1 children with mild symptoms. The dramatically altered LMs in H1N1 children could serve as a basis for potential therapeutics or adjuvants against H1N1 influenza.","['D006801', 'D053118', 'D007251', 'D002648', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002675', 'D053719', 'D008055', 'D002853', 'D007223', 'D000081362']"
38954691,A mathematical model of COVID-19 with multiple variants of the virus under optimal control in Ghana.,"In this paper, we suggest a mathematical model of COVID-19 with multiple variants of the virus under optimal control. Mathematical modeling has been used to gain deeper insights into the transmission of COVID-19, and various prevention and control strategies have been implemented to mitigate its spread. Our model is a SEIR-based model for multi-strains of COVID-19 with 7 compartments. We also consider the circulatory structure to account for the termination of immunity for COVID-19. The model is established in terms of the positivity and boundedness of the solution and the existence of equilibrium points, and the local stability of the solution. As a result of fitting data of COVID-19 in Ghana to the model, the basic reproduction number of the original virus and Delta variant was estimated to be 1.9396, and the basic reproduction number of the Omicron variant was estimated to be 3.4905, which is 1.8 times larger than that. We observe that even small differences in the incubation and recovery periods of two strains with the same initial transmission rate resulted in large differences in the number of infected individuals. In the case of COVID-19, infections caused by the Omicron variant occur 1.5 to 10 times more than those caused by the original virus. In terms of the optimal control strategy, we formulate three control strategies focusing on social distancing, vaccination, and testing-treatment. We have developed an optimal control model for the three strategies outlined above for the multi-strain model using the Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. Through numerical simulations, we analyze three optimal control strategies for each strain and also consider combinations of the two control strategies. As a result of the simulation, all control strategies are effective in reducing disease spread, in particular, vaccination strategies are more effective than the other two control strategies. In addition the combination of the two strategies also reduces the number of infected individuals by 1/10 compared to implementing one strategy, even when mild levels are implemented. Finally, we show that if the testing-treatment strategy is not properly implemented, the number of asymptomatic and unidentified infections may surge. These results could help guide the level of government intervention and prevention strategy formulation.","['D000086382', 'D006801', 'D005869', 'D000086402', 'D050936', 'D008962']"
38953830,Atypical Dengue Outbreak in Odisha: Insights from the Entomological Investigations.,"An outbreak of dengue fever struck Tikarapada village, Rayagada district (April 2020). Among 117 fever cases, 49 tested positive for the dengue NS1 antigen. To identify mosquito-related factors in the outbreak, a survey of 101 houses found Aedes breeding sites in 11.6% of containers. Aedes aegypti (79%) and Aedes albopictus (21%) emerged from collected pupae. The village exhibited high (house index = 24.8), (container index = 11.6), (pupal index = 32.7), and (Breteau index = 40.6) indices. The findings confirmed the presence of Aedes and ample breeding sites, suggesting their role in the outbreak. A report recommending integrated vector control measures was submitted to district and state health authorities.","['D003715', 'D000330', 'D000818', 'D004196', 'D006801', 'D007194', 'D000072138', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D000293', 'D002648', 'D008875', 'D003716', 'D055815', 'D009032', 'D002675']"
38953818,"A Novel Extended Susceptible, Exposed, Infected, and Recovered Model with Surveys for Analysis of COVID-19 Pandemic in Rajasthan.","The impact of COVID-19 on human life has been catastrophic. It is the greatest crisis that humankind has ever faced. It already caused over 21 million confirmed cases and 758,000 deaths as of July 2021. Modeling frameworks, underlying assumptions, available datasets, and the region/time frame being modeled, predictions are possible, but the projections might vary widely, making it difficult to rely on one model universally way. This article presents the prediction and forecasting technique for COVID-19, using the widely adopted susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered (SEIR) model. The modified SEIR model is presented to model the pandemic to represent an open system where the mass movement of the population is considered. Spreading patterns of the pandemic over time, in actual and as per the model, are compared to check the authenticity of the model.","['D000086382', 'D006801', 'D007194', 'D000086402', 'D058873']"
38953810,"Tracking Missing Deaths: An Exploratory Study on the Mortality Impact of COVID-19 in Kozhikode City, India.",The debate over the extent of the mortality impact of COVID-19 in India is still unsettled.,"['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D007194', 'D002423', 'D000086402', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D058873', 'D000293', 'D003644']"
38953804,Compliance and Experience of Quarantine during the 1st Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic in Mumbai.,"At the beginning of the pandemic, quarantine was thought to be the most effective way to contain the spread of the virus among international travelers and any potential carriers.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D011790', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D007194', 'D008875', 'D057545', 'D000086402', 'D055815', 'D058873', 'D000293']"
38953800,A Pilot Seroprevalence Study Suggests Silent Zika virus Transmission in Bhopal Region of Central India.,Several sporadic cases and outbreaks of Zika virus disease have been reported from different states of India.,"['D006801', 'D007194', 'D000071243', 'D016036', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D010865', 'D008297', 'D000071244', 'D007074', 'D055815', 'D000914', 'D008875', 'D012367', 'D000293', 'D004797', 'D060888']"
38956261,Certain investigation on hybrid neural network method for classification of ECG signal with the suitable a FIR filter.,"The Electrocardiogram (ECG) records are crucial for predicting heart diseases and evaluating patient's health conditions. ECG signals provide essential peak values that reflect reliable health information. Analyzing ECG signals is a fundamental technique for computerized prediction with advancements in Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) technology and significantly impacts in biomedical signal processing. VLSI advancements focus on high-speed circuit functionality while minimizing power consumption and area occupancy. In ECG signal denoising, digital filters like Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) and Finite Impulse Response (FIR) are commonly used. The FIR filters are preferred for their higher-order performance and stability over IIR filters, especially in real-time applications. The Modified FIR (MFIR) blocks were reconstructed using the optimized adder-multiplier block for better noise reduction performance. The MIT-BIT database is used as reference where the noises are filtered by the MFIR based on Optimized Kogge Stone Adder (OKSA). Features are extracted and analyzed using Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and Cross Correlation (CC). At this modern era, Hybrid methods of Machine Learning (HMLM) methods are preferred because of their combined performance which is better than non-fused methods. The accuracy of the Hybrid Neural Network (HNN) model reached 92.3%, surpassing other models such as Generalized Sequential Neural Networks (GSNN), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machine with linear kernel (SVM linear), and Support Vector Machine with Radial Basis Function kernel (SVM RBF) by margins of 3.3%, 5.3%, 23.3%, and 24.3%, respectively. While the precision of the HNN is 91.1%, it was slightly lower than GSNN and ANN but higher than both SVM linear and SVM -RBF. The HNN with various features are incorporated to improve the ECG classification. The accuracy of the HNN is switched to 95.99% when the DWT and CC are combined. Also, it improvises other parameters such as precision 93.88%, recall is 0.94, F1 score is 0.88, Kappa is 0.89, kurtosis is 1.54, skewness is 1.52 and error rate 0.076. These parameters are higher than recently developed models whose algorithms and methods accuracy is more than 90%.","['D004562', 'D006801', 'D016571', 'D012815', 'D000465', 'D058067', 'D000069550']"
38956046,SignEEG v1.0: Multimodal Dataset with Electroencephalography and Hand-written Signature for Biometric Systems.,"Handwritten signatures in biometric authentication leverage unique individual characteristics for identification, offering high specificity through dynamic and static properties. However, this modality faces significant challenges from sophisticated forgery attempts, underscoring the need for enhanced security measures in common applications. To address forgery in signature-based biometric systems, integrating a forgery-resistant modality, namely, noninvasive electroencephalography (EEG), which captures unique brain activity patterns, can significantly enhance system robustness by leveraging multimodality's strengths. By combining EEG, a physiological modality, with handwritten signatures, a behavioral modality, our approach capitalizes on the strengths of both, significantly fortifying the robustness of biometric systems through this multimodal integration. In addition, EEG's resistance to replication offers a high-security level, making it a robust addition to user identification and verification. This study presents a new multimodal SignEEG v1.0 dataset based on EEG and hand-drawn signatures from 70 subjects. EEG signals and hand-drawn signatures have been collected with Emotiv Insight and Wacom One sensors, respectively. The multimodal data consists of three paradigms based on mental, & motor imagery, and physical execution: i) thinking of the signature's image, (ii) drawing the signature mentally, and (iii) drawing a signature physically. Extensive experiments have been conducted to establish a baseline with machine learning classifiers. The results demonstrate that multimodality in biometric systems significantly enhances robustness, achieving high reliability even with limited sample sizes. We release the raw, pre-processed data and easy-to-follow implementation details.","['D004569', 'D006801', 'D006236', 'D056667', 'D001699']"
38956032,Accurate Prediction of Protein Structural Flexibility by Deep Learning Integrating Intricate Atomic Structures and Cryo-EM Density Information.,"The dynamics of proteins are crucial for understanding their mechanisms. However, computationally predicting protein dynamic information has proven challenging. Here, we propose a neural network model, RMSF-net, which outperforms previous methods and produces the best results in a large-scale protein dynamics dataset; this model can accurately infer the dynamic information of a protein in only a few seconds. By learning effectively from experimental protein structure data and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) data integration, our approach is able to accurately identify the interactive bidirectional constraints and supervision between cryo-EM maps and PDB models in maximizing the dynamic prediction efficacy. Rigorous 5-fold cross-validation on the dataset demonstrates that RMSF-net achieves test correlation coefficients of 0.746 ± 0.127 at the voxel level and 0.765 ± 0.109 at the residue level, showcasing its ability to deliver dynamic predictions closely approximating molecular dynamics simulations. Additionally, it offers real-time dynamic inference with minimal storage overhead on the order of megabytes. RMSF-net is a freely accessible tool and is anticipated to play an essential role in the study of protein dynamics.","['D020285', 'D000077321', 'D011506', 'D011487', 'D056004', 'D016571', 'D030562', 'D019295']"
38954731,Brain tumor classification in VIT-B/16 based on relative position encoding and residual MLP.,"Brain tumors pose a significant threat to health, and their early detection and classification are crucial. Currently, the diagnosis heavily relies on pathologists conducting time-consuming morphological examinations of brain images, leading to subjective outcomes and potential misdiagnoses. In response to these challenges, this study proposes an improved Vision Transformer-based algorithm for human brain tumor classification. To overcome the limitations of small existing datasets, Homomorphic Filtering, Channels Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization, and Unsharp Masking techniques are applied to enrich dataset images, enhancing information and improving model generalization. Addressing the limitation of the Vision Transformer's self-attention structure in capturing input token sequences, a novel relative position encoding method is employed to enhance the overall predictive capabilities of the model. Furthermore, the introduction of residual structures in the Multi-Layer Perceptron tackles convergence degradation during training, leading to faster convergence and enhanced algorithm accuracy. Finally, this study comprehensively analyzes the network model's performance on validation sets in terms of accuracy, precision, and recall. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves a classification accuracy of 91.36% on an augmented open-source brain tumor dataset, surpassing the original VIT-B/16 accuracy by 5.54%. This validates the effectiveness of the proposed approach in brain tumor classification, offering potential reference for clinical diagnoses by medical practitioners.","['D006801', 'D001932', 'D000465', 'D016571']"
38954709,On traveling wave solutions with stability and phase plane analysis for the modified Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation.,"The modified Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (mBBM) model is utilized in the optical illusion field to describe the propagation of long waves in a nonlinear dispersive medium during a visual illusion (Khater 2021). This article investigates the mBBM equation through the utilization of the rational [Formula: see text]-expansion technique to derive new analytical wave solutions. The analytical solutions we have obtained comprise hyperbolic, trigonometric, and rational functions. Some of these exact solutions closely align with previously published results in specific cases, affirming the validity of our other solutions. To provide insights into diverse wave propagation characteristics, we have conducted an in-depth analysis of these solutions using 2D, 3D, and density plots. We also investigated the effects of various parameters on the characteristics of the obtained wave solutions of the model. Moreover, we employed the techniques of linear stability to perform stability analysis of the considered model. Additionally, we have explored the stability of the associated dynamical system through the application of phase plane theory. This study also demonstrates the efficacy and capabilities of the rational [Formula: see text]-expansion approach in analyzing and extracting soliton solutions from nonlinear partial differential equations.","['D008962', 'D006801', 'D009903', 'D017711', 'D000465']"
38954677,Analyzing invariants and employing successive reductions for the extended Kadomtsev Petviashvili equation in (3+1) dimensions.,"In this research, we employ the potent technique of Lie group analysis to derive analytical solutions for the (3+1)-extended Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (3D-EKP) equation. The systematic application of this method enables the identification of Lie point symmetries associated with the equation, leading to the derivation of an optimal system of one-dimensional subalgebras relevant to the equation. This optimal system is utilized to obtain several invariant solutions. The Lie group method is subsequently applied to the reduced governing equations derived from the given equation. We complement our findings with Mathematica simulations illustrating some of the obtained solutions. Furthermore, a direct approach is used to investigate local conservation laws. Importantly, our study addresses a gap in the exploration of the 3D-EXP equation using group theoretic methods, making our findings novel in this context.","['D000465', 'D008962', 'D003198']"
38954562,DNA-T: Deformable Neighborhood Attention Transformer for Irregular Medical Time Series.,"The real-world Electronic Health Records (EHRs) present irregularities due to changes in the patient's health status, resulting in various time intervals between observations and different physiological variables examined at each observation point. There have been recent applications of Transformer-based models in the field of irregular time series. However, the full attention mechanism in Transformer overly focuses on distant information, ignoring the short-term correlations of the condition. Thereby, the model is not able to capture localized changes or short-term fluctuations in patients' conditions. Therefore, we propose a novel end-to-end Deformable Neighborhood Attention Transformer (DNA-T) for irregular medical time series. The DNA-T captures local features by dynamically adjusting the receptive field of attention and aggregating relevant deformable neighborhoods in irregular time series. Specifically, we design a Deformable Neighborhood Attention (DNA) module that enables the network to attend to relevant neighborhoods by drifting the receiving field of neighborhood attention. The DNA enhances the model's sensitivity to local information and representation of local features, thereby capturing the correlation of localized changes in patients' conditions. We conduct extensive experiments to validate the effectiveness of DNA-T, outperforming existing state-of-the-art methods in predicting the mortality risk of patients. Moreover, we visualize an example to validate the effectiveness of the proposed DNA.","['D006801', 'D057286', 'D000465']"
38954557,Exploring Generalizable Distillation for Efficient Medical Image Segmentation.,"Efficient medical image segmentation aims to provide accurate pixel-wise predictions with a lightweight implementation framework. However, existing lightweight networks generally overlook the generalizability of the cross-domain medical segmentation tasks. In this paper, we propose Generalizable Knowledge Distillation (GKD), a novel framework for enhancing the performance of lightweight networks on cross-domain medical segmentation by generalizable knowledge distillation from powerful teacher networks. Considering the domain gaps between different medical datasets, we propose the Model-Specific Alignment Networks (MSAN) to obtain the domain-invariant representations. Meanwhile, a customized Alignment Consistency Training (ACT) strategy is designed to promote the MSAN training. Based on the domain-invariant vectors in MSAN, we propose two generalizable distillation schemes, Dual Contrastive Graph Distillation (DCGD) and Domain-Invariant Cross Distillation (DICD). In DCGD, two implicit contrastive graphs are designed to model the intra-coupling and inter-coupling semantic correlations. Then, in DICD, the domain-invariant semantic vectors are reconstructed from two networks (i.e., teacher and student) with a crossover manner to achieve simultaneous generalization of lightweight networks, hierarchically. Moreover, a metric named Fréchet Semantic Distance (FSD) is tailored to verify the effectiveness of the regularized domain-invariant features. Extensive experiments conducted on the Liver, Retinal Vessel and Colonoscopy segmentation datasets demonstrate the superiority of our method, in terms of performance and generalization ability on lightweight networks.","['D006801', 'D007091', 'D000465', 'D016571', 'D016208', 'D000077321']"
38954409,The trend of the quality of cause-of-death data and its association with socio-economic indicators in Serbia in the period 2005-19.,"This study aims to evaluate the temporal trend in the quality of cause-of-death data and garbage code profiles and to determine its association with socio-economic status in Serbia. A longitudinal study was assessed using data from mortality registers from 2005 to 2019. Computer application Analysis of Causes of National Deaths for Action (ANACONDA) calculates the distribution of garbage codes by severity and composite quality indicator: Vital Statistics Performance Index for Quality (VSPI(Q)). A relationship between VSPI(Q) and country development was estimated by analysing two socio-economic indicators: the Socio-demographic Index and the Human Development Index (HDI). Serbia indicates progress in strengthening cause-of-death statistics. The steady upward trend of the VSPI(Q) index has risen from 55.6 (medium quality) to 70.2 (high quality) over the examined years. Significant reduction of 'Insufficiently specified causes with limited impact' (Level 4) and an increase in the trend of 'High-impact garbage codes' (Levels 1 to 3) were evident. Decreased deaths of no policy value (annual percentage change of -1.41%) have manifested since 2014. A strong positive association between VSPI(Q) and socio-economic indicators was assessed, where the HDI has shown a stronger association with VSPI(Q). Improved socio-economic conditions on the national level are followed by enhanced cause-of-death data quality. Upcoming actions to improve quality should be directed at high-impact garbage codes. The study underlines the need to prioritise the education and training of physicians with a crucial role in death certification to overcome many cause-of-death quality issues identified in this assessment.","['D006801', 'D055771', 'D002423', 'D008137', 'D012959', 'D012042', 'D000068598', 'D014798']"
38954145,Effects of differences in dose and frequency of teriparatide on bone structure in Proximal Femur. - Analysis by DXA-based 3D-modeling (3D-SHAPER Software) -TRIPLE-BONE study (The effects of TeRIParatide preparation on bone mineraL density increase and BONE structure).,"Trends toward more favorable improvement of the cortical bone parameters by once-weekly (56.5 μg once a week) and twice-weekly teriparatide (28.2 μg twice a week), and that of the trabecular bone parameters by once-daily (1/D) teriparatide (20 μg/day once a day) were shown.","['D006801', 'D019379', 'D005260', 'D015519', 'D012189', 'D000368', 'D015502', 'D008875', 'D008297', 'D050071', 'D005269', 'D021621', 'D010024', 'D004334', 'D000369', 'D004305']"
38954115,"Evaluation of potential human health risks arising from nitrate and fluoride in the groundwater of Aurangabad, Bihar using GIS and chemometric analysis.","This study employed the groundwater pollution index to assess the appropriateness of groundwater for human consumption. Additionally, the hazard index was utilized to evaluate the potential non-carcinogenic risks associated with fluoride and nitrate exposure among children, women, and men in the study region. A total of 103 samples were collected from the Aurangabad district of Bihar. The analyzed samples were assessed using several physicochemical parameters. Major cations in the groundwater are Ca2+ > Mg2+ and major anions are HCO3- > Cl- > SO42- > NO3- > F- > PO43-. Around 17% of the collected groundwater samples surpassed the allowable BIS concentration limits for Nitrate, while approximately 11% surpassed the allowed limits for fluoride concentration. Principal component analysis was utilized for its efficacy and efficiency in the analytical procedure. Four principal components were recovered that explained 69.06% of the total variance. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) of nitrate varies between 0.03-1.74, 0.02-1.47, and 0.03-1.99 for females, males, and children, respectively. The HQ of fluoride varies between 0.04-1.59, 0.04-1.34, and 0.05-1.82 for females, males, and children, respectively. The central part of the district was at high risk according to the spatial distribution maps of the total hazard index (THI). Noncarcinogenic risks due to THI are 47%, 37%, and 28% for children, females, and males, respectively. According to the human health risk assessment, children are more prone to getting affected by polluted water than adults. The groundwater pollution index (GPI) value ranges from 0.46 to 2.27 in the study area. Seventy-five percent of the samples fell under minor pollution and only one fell under high pollution. The spatial distribution of GPI in the research area shows that the central region is highly affected, which means that this water is unsuitable for drinking purposes.","['D060587', 'D005459', 'D006801', 'D009566', 'D014874', 'D005260', 'D018570', 'D008297', 'D002648', 'D007194', 'D040362', 'D025341', 'D004784', 'D000328']"
38663235,"Indoor air quality and sick-building syndrome at a metro station in Tianjin, China.","Metro systems play a crucial role in public transportation worldwide. Given that metro stations are unique built environments with a significant volume of daily commuters, ensuring a satisfactory air quality in these spaces becomes paramount. This study involved measurements of indoor air quality (IAQ), staff satisfaction, particulate matter (PM) chemical composition, and heavy metal health risks at a typical metro station in Tianjin over two seasons. Although the air exchange rate was sufficient to maintain a CO2 concentration less than 1000 ppm, the proportion of staff reporting no sick-building symptoms decreased from 83 % in spring to 25 % in winter. An average mass concentration of PM with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) of 68.0 ± 42.2 μg/m3 and an average PM1 mass concentration of 51.8 ± 33.3 μg/m3 were observed on the platform in winter. PM2.5 contained more metal in winter than in spring. PM2.5 in winter contained more metal in winter than in spring. With a lower relative humidity in winter, the coefficient of friction between railway wheels and rails increased, thus increasing particle emission. The carcinogenic risk of Cr on the platform was unacceptable. Moreover, the health risks induced by Ba should be investigated. The findings indicate that PM control at metro stationss, particularly on platforms in winter, should be emphasized.","['D002681', 'D016902', 'D006801', 'D052638', 'D011890', 'D018877', 'D012621', 'D000393', 'D019216', 'D004784']"
38506363,"[POST-COVID SYNDROME, SICK BUILDING SYNDROME, SILICONE BREAST SYNDROME, CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME, FIBROMYALGIA; AUTOIMMUNITY TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM].","POST-COVID SYNDROME, SICK BUILDING SYNDROME, SILICONE BREAST SYNDROME, CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME, FIBROMYALGIA; AUTOIMMUNITY TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM.","['D006801', 'D015673', 'D005356', 'D015551', 'D012828', 'D018877', 'D000086382', 'D001341']"
38468206,Metagenomic gut microbiome analysis of Japanese patients with multiple chemical sensitivity/idiopathic environmental intolerance.,"Although the pathology of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is unknown, the central nervous system is reportedly involved. The gut microbiota is important in modifying central nervous system diseases. However, the relationship　between the gut microbiota and MCS remains unclear. This study aimed to identify gut microbiota variations associated with MCS using shotgun metagenomic sequencing of fecal samples.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000069196', 'D018777', 'D007564', 'D005243', 'D000596']"
38442536,Do somatic symptom distress and attribution predict symptoms associated with environmental factors?,"Not much is known on the development of symptoms associated with environmental factors (SAEF), also known as (idiopathic) environmental intolerances. Findings from qualitative studies suggest that appearance of symptoms might be the first step, followed by the acquisition of a specific attribution. The current study investigated cross-sectional and longitudinal (three years) associations between attribution and symptoms with respect to symptoms associated with chemical substances, certain indoor environments (buildings), sounds, and electromagnetic fields (EMFs).","['D006801', 'D000071896', 'D003430', 'D018777']"
38281561,"EDC mixtures during pregnancy and body fat at 7 years of age in a Swedish cohort, the SELMA study.","Some endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC), are ""obesogens"" and have been associated with overweight and obesity in children. Daily exposure to different classes of EDCs demands for research with mixtures approach.","['D008297', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D006801', 'D052244', 'D011297', 'D013548', 'D063766', 'D000273', 'D006967', 'D018876', 'D001249', 'D004785']"
37739463,Multiple chemical sensitivity scoping review protocol: overview of research and MCS construct.,"Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) has been characterised by reported adverse responses to environmental exposures of common chemical agents (eg, perfumes, paint, cleaning products and other inhaled or ingested agents) in low doses considered non-toxic for the general population. There is currently no consensus on whether MCS can be established as a distinct disorder.","['D006801', 'D018777', 'D004781', 'D000465', 'D003210', 'D032921', 'D012196']"
37672941,Prenatal exposures to mixtures of endocrine disrupting chemicals and sex-specific associations with children's BMI and overweight at 5.5 years of age in the SELMA study.,"Prenatal exposure to mixtures of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) has the potential to disrupt human metabolism. Prenatal periods are especially sensitive as many developmental processes are regulated by hormones. Prenatal exposure to EDCs has inconsistently been associated with children's body mass index (BMI) and obesity. The objective of this study was to investigate if prenatal exposure to a mixture of EDCs was associated with children's BMI and overweight (ISO-BMI ≥ 25) at 5.5 years of age, and if there were sex-specific effects.","['D008297', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D006801', 'D015992', 'D052244', 'D050177', 'D010968', 'D011297', 'D013548', 'D006967', 'D001249', 'D018876', 'D005466']"
37660733,Multiple Chemical Sensitivity/Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance: A Practical Approach to Diagnosis and Management.,"Patients with multiple chemical sensitivity, now called idiopathic environmental intolerance, frequently present to clinical immunologists and allergists for diagnosis and treatment. Patients report a plethora of respiratory and multisystem problems attributed to a wide variety of unrelated, otherwise non-noxious, triggers. They may go to extreme, often seemingly bizarre lengths to avoid contact with everyday exposures and may become housebound, unable to work or function socially. Often beginning with exposure to odors, triggers can multiply to involve foods, clothing, medications, and even electromagnetic radiation. The condition cannot be explained by IgE-mediated or other immune processes, and clinical immunologists and allergists may feel unprepared to care for such patients. In this article, a paradigm to understand the probable mechanisms underlying this condition and a practical approach to diagnosis and management will be presented.","['D006801', 'D018777']"
37395075,"Effects of indoor temperature on office workers' performance: an experimental study based on subjective assessments, neurobehavioral tests, and physiological measurements.","Indoor temperature has a critical impact on the performance of office workers. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of indoor temperature on work performance through subjective assessments, neurobehavioral tests, and physiological measurements. The experiment was conducted in a controlled office environment. Under each temperature condition, participants voted on their perception of thermal sensation, thermal satisfaction, and sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms. Participants were given neurobehavioral tests based on a ten-item task, and their body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, and blood oxygen saturation were measured before and after the tests. The study showed that the effect of indoor temperature on the test tasks varied greatly and depended on the task type. The indoor temperature, thermal sensation votes, and body temperature for optimum work performance were 17 °C, -0.57, and 36.4 °C, respectively. Work performance was positively correlated with thermal satisfaction votes and negatively correlated with sleepiness intensity.Practitioner summary: Work performance is closely related to indoor temperature. This study evaluated the effect of indoor temperature on work performance through subjective assessments, neurobehavioral tests, and physiological measurements. The relationships between work performance and indoor temperature, perceived votes, and physiological parameters were established, respectively.","['D006801', 'D013696', 'D016902', 'D018877', 'D004780', 'D000066477']"
37344806,"Prevalence and correlation of multiple chemical sensitivity and electromagnetic hypersensitivity with age, sex, and depression in the Japanese population: a retrospective study.","In Japan, there are currently no definitive conclusions regarding the characteristics of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) and electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS). This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlation of MCS and EHS with age, sex, and depression in the Japanese population.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D018777', 'D012189', 'D015995', 'D003863', 'D000095225', 'D004574', 'D006967']"
37331180,Prenatal exposure to phthalates and gender-specific play behavior at seven years of age in the SELMA study.,"A growing body of evidence shows that prenatal exposure to phthalates affects child development. Since many phthalates have been shown to alter endocrine signaling, they may influence reproductive development, neurodevelopment, and child behavior. Indeed, a few studies reported associations between prenatal phthalate exposure and gender-specific play behavior. However, evidence for this relationship is limited, and previous findings are based on single phthalates, while human exposure entails mixtures of chemicals.","['D008297', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D006801', 'D002675', 'D002648', 'D011297', 'D013548', 'D010795', 'D018876', 'D006967', 'D001249', 'D004781', 'D004785']"
37172924,Multiple chemical sensitivity: It's time to catch up to the science.,"Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a complex medical condition associated with low dose chemical exposures. MCS is characterized by diverse features and common comorbidities, including fibromyalgia, cough hypersensitivity, asthma, and migraine, and stress/anxiety, with which the syndrome shares numerous neurobiological processes and altered functioning within diverse brain regions. Predictive factors linked to MCS comprise genetic influences, gene-environment interactions, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, cell dysfunction, and psychosocial influences. The development of MCS may be attributed to the sensitization of transient receptor potential (TRP) receptors, notably TRPV1 and TRPA1. Capsaicin inhalation challenge studies demonstrated that TRPV1 sensitization is manifested in MCS, and functional brain imaging studies revealed that TRPV1 and TRPA1 agonists promote brain-region specific neuronal variations. Unfortunately, MCS has often been inappropriately viewed as stemming exclusively from psychological disturbances, which has fostered patients being stigmatized and ostracized, and often being denied accommodation for their disability. Evidence-based education is essential to provide appropriate support and advocacy. Greater recognition of receptor-mediated biological mechanisms should be incorporated in laws, and regulation of environmental exposures.","['D006801', 'D050051', 'D050916', 'D000074025', 'D018777', 'D003371']"
37086423,Moisture damage and fungal contamination in buildings are a massive health threat - a surgeon's perspective.,Indoor air toxicity is of major public health concern due to the increase in humidity-induced indoor mould exposure and associated health changes. The objective is to present evidence for the causality of health threats and indoor mould exposure.,"['D006801', 'D016902', 'D018877', 'D005658', 'D006813', 'D008171', 'D066231']"
37080270,Impact of comorbidity on symptomatology in various types of environmental intolerance in a general Swedish and Finnish adult population.,"Comorbidity with various health conditions is common in environmental intolerances (EIs), which restricts understanding for what symptoms that are associated with the intolerance per se. The present objectives were to study (i) prevalence of a broad range of specific symptoms in chemical, building-related, electromagnetic field- (EMF) related, and sound EI, irrespective of comorbidity, (ii) prevalence of symptoms in body systems in exclusive EIs, and (iii) increased risk of symptoms in body systems in exclusive EIs that cannot be referred to functional somatic syndromes, inflammatory diseases or mental disorders. Cross-sectional data (n = 4941) were used from two combined population-based surveys, the Västerbotten (Sweden) and Österbotten (Finland) Environmental Health Studies. Categorization of EI cases and controls were based on self-reports. Symptoms were assessed with the Environmental Hypersensitivity Symptom Inventory, and these were converted to 27 symptoms of the International Classification of Primary Care, 2nd edition, in eight chapters of body systems. The results showed, with few exceptions, that all assessed specific symptoms were significantly more prevalent in all four EIs than in referents. Although a large overlap between EIs, characteristic body system symptoms were eye and respiratory symptoms in chemical and building-related intolerance, skin symptoms in EMF-related intolerance, and general and unspecified, digestive, eye, cardiovascular, neurological, and psychological symptoms in sound intolerance. After controlling for various comorbidities, all studied body system symptoms were positively associated with chemical intolerance, fewer with sound intolerance, only one with building-related intolerance, and none with EMF-related EI. In conclusion, a broad range of symptoms are reported in all four EIs implying common mechanisms, but symptoms of certain body systems are more likely to be reported in a certain EI that cannot be explained by comorbidity.","['D000328', 'D006801', 'D018777', 'D013548', 'D005387', 'D003430', 'D015897', 'D004574']"
36972962,Social economic factors and the risk of multiple chemical sensitivity in a Danish population-based cross-sectional study: Danish Study of Functional Disorders (DanFunD).,Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a rare multisystem and poly-symptomatic disease characterised by a report of various somatic symptoms attributed to inhalation of volatile chemicals in usually harmless doses. The aim was to explore four selected social factors and the risk of MCS in the general Danish population.,"['D006801', 'D018777', 'D003430', 'D000083663', 'D011795', 'D000083684', 'D003718']"
36781134,Critical review on emerging health effects associated with the indoor air quality and its sustainable management.,"Indoor air quality (IAQ) is one of the fundamental elements affecting people's health and well-being. Currently, there is a lack of awareness among people about the quantification, identification, and possible health effects of IAQ. Airborne pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous oxide (NO), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) microbial spores, pollen, allergens, etc. primarily contribute to IAQ deterioration. This review discusses the sources of major indoor air pollutants, molecular toxicity mechanisms, and their effects on cardiovascular, ocular, neurological, women, and foetal health. Additionally, contemporary strategies and sustainable methods for regulating and reducing pollutant concentrations are emphasized, and current initiatives to address and enhance IAQ are explored, along with their unique advantages and potentials. Due to their longer exposure times and particular physical characteristics, women and children are more at risk for poor indoor air quality. By triggering many toxicity mechanisms, including oxidative stress, DNA methylation, epigenetic modifications, and gene activation, indoor air pollution can cause a range of health issues. Low birth weight, acute lower respiratory tract infections, Sick building syndromes (SBS), and early death are more prevalent in exposed residents. On the other hand, the main causes of incapacity and early mortality are lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular disorders. It's crucial to acknowledge anticipated research needs and implemented efficient interventions and policies to lower health hazards.","['D002648', 'D006801', 'D005260', 'D016902', 'D000393', 'D052638', 'D018877', 'D013458']"
36612874,"Field Measurements and Analysis of Indoor Environment, Occupant Satisfaction, and Sick Building Syndrome in University Buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Regions in China.","Teachers and students work and study in classrooms for long durations. The indoor environment directly affects the health and satisfaction of teachers and students. To explore the performance differences between green buildings, conventional buildings, and retrofitted buildings in terms of their indoor environment, occupant satisfaction, and sick building syndrome (SBS), as well as the correlation between these different aspects, three university teaching buildings were selected in hot summer and cold winter regions in China. These included a green building (GB), a retrofitted building (RB), and a conventional building (CB). Long-term indoor environment monitoring and point-to-point measurements were conducted during the transition season and winter and the indoor environment, satisfaction, and SBS in the three buildings were compared. A sample of 399 point-to-point questionnaires was collected. A subjective-objective indoor environmental quality (IEQ) evaluation model for schools in China was established, covering satisfaction and the indoor environment. The results showed that the compliance rate of the indoor environment in the GB and RB was generally superior to that of the CB. The overall satisfaction was the highest for the GB, followed by the CB, and then the RB. The GB had the highest overall indoor environment quality score, followed by the RB and then the CB. The occurrence of SBS was lowest in the CB, followed by the GB, and then the RB. It was determined that the design of natural ventilation should be improved and that building users should be given the right to autonomous window control and temperature control. To reduce the occurrence of SBS symptoms, attention should be paid to the control of temperature and CO2 concentration. To improve learning efficiency, it suggests reducing indoor CO2 concentrations and improving desktop illuminance. This study provides a reference for improving the indoor environment and health performance of existing university teaching buildings.","['D006801', 'D018877', 'D016902', 'D012621', 'D014495', 'D002245', 'D010549']"
36554980,Ecological Study of Sick Building Syndrome among Healthcare Workers at Johor Primary Care Facilities.,Persistent exposure to indoor hazards in a healthcare setting poses a risk of SBS. This study determines the prevalence of and risk factors for SBS among healthcare workers in health clinics.,"['D006801', 'D018877', 'D003430', 'D016902', 'D006282', 'D000554', 'D011320']"
36535959,Metabolomics analysis of plasma samples of patients with fibromyalgia and electromagnetic sensitivity using GC-MS technique.,"Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic and systemic condition that causes widespread chronic pain, asthenia, and muscle stiffness, as well as in some cases depression, anxiety, and disorders of the autonomic system. The exact causes that lead to the development of FM are still unknown today. In a percentage of individuals, the symptoms of FM are often triggered and/or exacerbated by proximity to electrical and electromagnetic devices. Plasma metabolomic profile of 54 patients with fibromyalgia and self-reported electromagnetic sensitivity (IEI-EMF) were compared to 23 healthy subjects using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with multivariate statistical analysis techniques. Before the GC-MS analysis the plasma samples were extracted with a modified Folch method and then derivatized with methoxamine hydrochloride in pyridine solution and N-trimethylsilyltrifuoroacetamide. The combined analysis allowed to identify a metabolomic profile able of distinguishing IEI-EMF patients and healthy subjects. IEI-EMF patients were therefore characterized by the alteration of 19 metabolites involved in different metabolic pathways such as energy metabolism, muscle, and pathways related to oxidative stress defense and chronic pain. The results obtained in this study complete the metabolomic ""picture"" previously investigated on the same cohort of IEI-EMF patients with 1H-NMR spectroscopy, placing a further piece for better understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms in patients with IEI-EMF.","['D006801', 'D008401', 'D018777', 'D004574', 'D005356', 'D055432', 'D059350']"
36528197,A systematic review of evidence for maternal preconception exposure to outdoor air pollution on Children's health.,"The preconception period is a critical window for gametogenesis, therefore preconception exposure to air pollutants may have long-term effects on children. We systematically reviewed epidemiological evidence concerning the effects of preconception ambient air pollution exposure on children's health outcomes and identified research gaps for future investigations. We searched PubMed and Web of Science from journal inception up to October 2022 based on an established protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42022277608). We then identified 162 articles based on searching strategy, 22 of which met the inclusion criteria. Studies covered a wide range of health outcomes including birth defects, preterm birth, birthweight, respiratory outcomes, and developmental outcomes. Findings suggested that exposure to outdoor air pollutants during maternal preconception period were associated with various health outcomes, of which birth defects has the most consistent findings. A meta-analysis revealed that during 3-month preconception period, a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 and PM2.5 was associated with relative risk (RR) of birth defects of 1.06 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00, 1.02) and 1.14 (95% CI: 0.82, 1.59), respectively. Preterm birth, low birthweight, and autism have also been associated with maternal preconception exposure to PM2.5, PM10, O3 and SO2. However, the significance of associations and effect sizes varied substantially across studies, partly due to the heterogeneity in exposure and outcome assessments. Future studies should use more accurate exposure assessment methods to obtain individual-level exposures with high temporal resolution. This will allow the exploration of which specific time window (weeks or months) during the preconception period has the strongest effect. In future epidemiologic studies, integrating pathophysiologic biomarkers relevant to clinical outcomes may help improve the causal inference of associations between preconception exposure and health outcomes suggested by the current limited literature. Additionally, potential effects of paternal preconception exposure need to be studied.","['D002648', 'D005260', 'D006801', 'D007231', 'D000393', 'D000397', 'D001724', 'D000067576', 'D004781', 'D018811', 'D052638', 'D047928', 'D047489']"
36497963,Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Syndrome: First Symptoms and Evolution of the Clinical Picture: Case-Control Study/Epidemiological Case-Control Study.,"Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a chronic condition characterized by the appearance of symptoms caused by exposure to chemical compounds that are tolerable for the general population. It mainly affects middle-aged women. There are very few studies focusing on the most frequent symptoms of MCS considering age groups and gender. The main goal of this study was to find the most frequent symptoms both at the onset of the disease and at the present time describing them by age groups. The QEESI (Quick Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory) questionnaire, Scale 3 which assesses symptoms and their severity, was used as a diagnostic tool for the disease. A case-control study was conducted with the participation of 210 people. Of the cases, 94.3% were women. The symptoms that most often manifested first were airway and mucous membrane alterations (68.9%). In the development of the disease, we found cognitive alterations (OR = 31.25), heart or chest problems (OR = 22.49), neuromuscular problems (OR = 20.00) and head-related symptomatology (OR = 19.29). Identifying the most frequent pattern of symptoms by age group and sex will allow an early diagnosis of the disease to improve its prognosis and treatment.","['D008875', 'D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D018777', 'D016022', 'D011795', 'D004781']"
36437662,Effects of occupant behaviors on perceived dormitory air quality and sick building syndrome symptoms among female college students.,"We performed a cross-sectional survey of 2143 female students in a university in Tianjin, China regarding perceived air quality (PAQ) and sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms in the student dormitory. The prevalence of general, mucosal, and skin symptoms was 22.1%, 21.9%, and 26.3%, respectively. The three most prevalent PAQ complaints were ""dry air"" (48.9% often), ""stuffy odor"" (18.2%), and ""other unpleasant odors"" (5.1%), and they were significant risk factors for 11-12 out of 12 SBS symptoms (adjusted odds ratios [AOR]: 1.6-5.8). Survey data of 1471 undergraduates, whose dorms were of uniform layout and furnishing, were used to further investigate the influences of occupancy level and occupant behaviors on PAQ and SBS symptoms. Frequent use of air freshener/perfume was a significant risk factor for ""dry air,"" less frequent room cleaning and higher occupancy density were significant risk factors for ""stuffy odor,"" and less natural ventilation was a significant risk factor for both ""stuffy odor"" and ""pungent odor."" These factors were also significantly associated with some SBS symptoms. In particular, the use of air freshener/perfume exhibited a significant dose-response pattern with ""fatigue"" (sometimes: AOR 1.3; often: AOR 2.0) and with ""irritated, stuffy, or runny nose"" (sometimes: AOR 1.6; often: AOR 2.2).","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D018877', 'D003430', 'D010476', 'D016902', 'D000397', 'D013334']"
36373445,Undertreatment with Osimertinib in patient with multiple chemical sensitivity. A case report.,"Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), is a syndrome characterised by increased sensitivity to the exposure of environmental chemicals (1). There are considerable difficulties in reaching a good estimate of the prevalence of disease and the main pathogenetic hypotheses take into account both the organic and psychiatric/psychological factors. Treatment with epidermal growth factor tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors (tkis), like Osimertinib, results in improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared to chemotherapy, in Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation (2).","['D005260', 'D006801', 'D000368', 'D002289', 'D008175', 'D018777', 'D009154', 'D066246', 'D047428']"
36347462,"Autoimmune autonomic nervous system imbalance and conditions: Chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, silicone breast implants, COVID and post-COVID syndrome, sick building syndrome, post-orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, autoimmune diseases and autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants.","Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), fibromyalgia, silicone breast implants syndrome (SBIs), COVID and post-COVID syndrome (PCS), sick building syndrome (SBS), post-orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), autoimmune diseases and autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) are frequently accompanied by clinical symptoms characteristic for dysautonomia: severe fatigue, dizziness, fogginess, memory loss, dry mouth and eyes, hearing dysfunction, tachycardia etc. The recent discovery of an imbalance of autoantibodies against G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) in some autoimmune diseases, post-COVID syndrome, SBIs allowed researchers to assume the novel mechanism in these conditions - autoimmune autonomic nervous system imbalance. In this review, all data published on an imbalance of autoantibodies against GPCR, clinical symptoms and pathogenic mechanisms in CFS, Fibromyalgia, SBIs, COVID and PCS, SBS, POTS, and some autoimmune diseases were analyzed. Possible criteria to diagnose the autoimmune autonomic nervous system imbalance were created.","['D006801', 'D015673', 'D005356', 'D018877', 'D018427', 'D000086382', 'D001327', 'D001341', 'D001323', 'D054969', 'D013610', 'D000276', 'D012828']"
36214141,A First Urological Approach to the Genitourinary Manifestations of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity. Systematic Review.,"Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a complex disease with multiorgan manifestations, some of which are still poorly understood, such as genitourinary manifestations. The objective of this article is to review these genitourinary manifestations.","['D000293', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D000369', 'D002648', 'D005260', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D018777', 'D012189', 'D055815']"
36209879,Time course of health complaints attributed to RF-EMF exposure and predictors of electromagnetic hypersensitivity over 10 years in a prospective cohort of Dutch adults.,"Some individuals attribute health complaints to radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure. This condition, known as idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to RF-EMFs (IEI-RF) or electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS), can be disabling for those who are affected. In this study we assessed factors related to developing, maintaining, or discarding IEI-RF over the course of 10 years, and predictors of developing EHS at follow-up using a targeted question without the condition of reporting health complaints attributed to RF-EMF exposure.","['D000328', 'D006801', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D008297', 'D004574', 'D015331', 'D011446', 'D018777', 'D011846', 'D006967', 'D004781', 'D040421']"
36141707,Changes in Reported Symptoms Attributed to Office Environments in Sweden between 1995 and 2020.,"Non-specific building-related symptoms (NBRSs) describe various symptoms in those affected. Questionnaires are the first step in investigating suspected NBRSs in office environments and have been used for over two decades. However, changes in reporting of symptoms among office workers over time are currently unknown. The overall aim was thus to investigate if reported symptoms and perceived causality to the office environment have changed during 25 years of using the MM 040 NA Office questionnaire. A cross-sectional study of 26,477 questionnaires from 1995-2020 was conducted, where 12 symptoms and perceived causality to office environment were examined using logistic regression analyses of 5-year groups adjusted for sex and atopy. Reporting trends in the year groups varied slightly among symptoms, but eight symptoms were statistically significant in the 2015-2020 group compared to the 1995-1999 group. Seven symptoms had increased: fatigue, heavy-feeling head, headache, difficulties concentrating, itchy/irritated eyes, congested/runny nose, and dry/red hands. One symptom decreased: hoarseness/dry throat. Perceived causality of symptoms to the office environment decreased to a statistically significant degree in 2015-2020 for 11 symptoms, and there was an overall trend of decreasing perceived causality throughout the year groups for most symptoms. The observed time trends suggest a need for up-to-date reference data, to keep up with changes in symptom reporting in office environments over time.","['D016902', 'D003430', 'D006261', 'D006801', 'D018877', 'D011795', 'D013548']"
36108982,Prenatal exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles induces persistent neurobehavioral impairments in maternal mice that is associated with microbiota-gut-brain axis.,"Gestational exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) has been widely reported to have deleterious effects on the brain functions of offspring. However, little attention has been paid to the neurotoxic effects of TiO2NPs on maternal body after parturition. The pregnant mice were orally administrated with TiO2NPs at 150 mg/kg from gestational day 8-21. The potential effects of TiO2NPs on the neurobehaviors were evaluated at postnatal day 60. The gut microbiota, morphological alterations of intestine and brain, and other indicators that involved in gut-brain axis were all assessed to investigate the underlying mechanisms. The results demonstrated that exposure to TiO2NPs during pregnancy caused the persistent neurobehavioral impairments of maternal mice after delivery for 60 days, mainly including behavioural changes, pathological changes in hippocampus, cortex and intestine. Our data also showed that persistent dysfunction and tissue injuries were probably associated with the disruption of gut-brain axis, manifested by the shift in the composition of gut microbial community, alteration of Sstr1, inhibition of enteric neurons and reduction of diamine oxidase contents in maternal mice. These findings provide a novel insight that regulation of gut microecology may be an alternative strategy for the protection against the neurotoxicity of TiO2NPs in pregnant women.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D006801', 'D051379', 'D011247', 'D006631', 'D000087502', 'D000069196', 'D053758', 'D020258', 'D014025', 'D018811', 'D047489']"
36078565,"Respiratory Symptoms and Skin Sick Building Syndrome among Office Workers at University Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand: Associations with Indoor Air Quality, AIRMED Project.","Sick building syndrome (SBS) is the term used to describe the medical condition in which people in a building suffer from symptoms of illnesses for no apparent reason. SBS was found to be associated with indoor air quality (IAQ) but there are a variety of determinants (buildings, in particular). Identifying and controlling factors related to SBS is crucial for improving worker health and efficiency. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate (1) the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and skin SBS and (2) their associations with IAQ among office workers in administrative offices in an academic medical institute. A self-reporting questionnaire assessing the worker's characteristics, working conditions, and perception of working environments was used. The building assessment was via a walk-through survey and IAQ measurement. Of 290 office workers, 261 (90%) in 25 offices of 11 buildings took part in the survey. The highest prevalence of SBS was nasal symptoms (25.3%). We found that to reduce the risk of SBS, optimal air temperature levels in air-conditioned offices should be lower than 23 °C, with relative humidity between 60% and 70%. Lowering indoor CO2 levels below 700 ppm may be indicative of adequate ventilation to prevent SBS by reducing worker discomfort and indoor contaminants (e.g., formaldehyde).","['D016902', 'D003430', 'D006761', 'D006801', 'D018877', 'D013785']"
36031205,"Thermal sensation, sick building syndrome symptoms, and physiological responses of occupants in environments with vertical air temperature differences.","Vertical air temperature differences (VTDs) can have important influences on thermal comfort and the evaluation of air distributions. The air distributions might create either positive or negative VTDs. However, no research has clearly revealed the effect of different directions of VTDs on human comfort. To create environments with positive and negative VTDs in this study, the air temperature of half of the body was maintained at an air temperature of 25 °C, whereas the other half of the body (the upper or lower body part, respectively) was exposed to air temperatures of 22 °C, 25 °C, 28 °C, and 31 °C, respectively. That is two series of experiments with the same VTD value but different directions were compared, based on 16 subjects seated in a climatic box in a climate chamber. The thermal sensations, sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms, and physiological responses of occupants were studied. The results showed that subjects were more sensitive to the VTD at the upper body part in warm environments with respect to thermal sensations, perceived air quality, and sweat intensity. The analysis indicated that there were more discomfort and heat stress for positive VTDs than negative VTDs. Thus, the criterion for acceptable negative VTDs should be different with the positive VTDs incorporated in current standards. Overall, the directions of the VTDs were suggested to be considered for evaluating the thermally stratified air distributions based on both of thermal comfort and energy efficiency in buildings.","['D000388', 'D000389', 'D006801', 'D018877', 'D013696', 'D013697']"
36014817,Putative Biomarkers of Environmental Enteric Disease Fail to Correlate in a Cross-Sectional Study in Two Study Sites in Sub-Saharan Africa.,"Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is an elusive, inflammatory syndrome of the small intestine thought to be associated with enterocyte loss and gut leakiness and lead to stunted child growth. To date, the gold standard for diagnosis is small intestine biopsy followed by histology. Several putative biomarkers for EED have been proposed and are widely used in the field. Here, we assessed in a cross-sectional study of children aged 2-5 years for a large set of biomarkers including markers of protein exudation (duodenal and fecal alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT)), inflammation (duodenal and fecal calprotectin, duodenal, fecal and blood immunoglobulins, blood cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP)), gut permeability (endocab, lactulose-mannitol ratio), enterocyte mass (citrulline) and general nutritional status (branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), insulin-like growth factor) in a group of 804 children in two Sub-Saharan countries. We correlated these markers with each other and with anemia in stunted and non-stunted children. AAT and calprotectin, CRP and citrulline and citrulline and BCAA correlated with each other. Furthermore, BCAA, citrulline, ferritin, fecal calprotectin and CRP levels were correlated with hemoglobin levels. Our results show that while several of the biomarkers are associated with anemia, there is little correlation between the different biomarkers. Better biomarkers and a better definition of EED are thus urgently needed.","['D017954', 'D015415', 'D002097', 'D002675', 'D002956', 'D003430', 'D018876', 'D006130', 'D006801', 'D007410', 'D007421', 'D039841']"
35938281,"Return to work considerations in the lingering COVID-19 Era: Long COVID, multiple chemical sensitivity, and universal design.","This article discusses how COVID-19 has impacted the American workforce, symptoms of Long COVID syndrome, Multiple Chemical Sensitivity, and ways to avoid triggering its symptoms when sanitizing the workplace and using Universal Design practices to increase accessibility and decrease transmission of COVID-19 among workers. Interface with healthcare providers, rehabilitation professionals, and employers is emphasized.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D062707', 'D000080562', 'D018777', 'D017132', 'D000094024']"
35904392,Associations between indoor environment and lifestyles and sick building syndrome symptoms among adults in Taiyuan and Urumqi of China.,"The complex and uncertain causes of sick building syndrome (SBS) have become one of the most challenging and hot issues worldwide. Studies on the correlation between indoor environment and SBS based on local characteristics are relatively limited in China. We studied typical SBS risk factors related to the indoor environment and lifestyle in two northern Chinese cities. The study population was drawn from parents of pre-school children in randomized daycare centers in Taiyuan, Shanxi, and Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (N = 6838). Data on SBS and indoor environment were obtained from cross-sectional questionnaires. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated by multilevel logistic regression and adjusted using gender, atopy, own smoking, home size, and dampness index. Results showed that location, homeownership, year of construction completion, changes in the indoor environment (new furniture and decorations), and changes in indoor air (smoking, burning mosquito repellent and incense, cooking fuels including electricity, natural gas, coal, and wood) might contribute to different levels of SBS in Chinese adults, including eye, nasal, throat, dermal symptoms, and headache and tiredness. The results of the subgroup analysis suggest city and gender differences in susceptibility. Daily cleaning, window opening, and improved ventilation effectively improved SBS. People should improve their indoor environment and lifestyles based on sensitivity factors, gender, and geographic characteristics to reduce SBS risks.","['D000328', 'D016902', 'D002681', 'D003430', 'D006801', 'D008019', 'D018877']"
35897408,Physiological Health and Physical Performance in Multiple Chemical Sensitivity-Described in the General Population.,"Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a multifactorial somatic disorder characterized by physical reactions triggered by even extremely low levels of different airborne chemicals. In most individuals with MCS, these reactions have substantial negative impact on social, occupational, and everyday life often including limited or no engagement in physical activities. The aim of this study was to explore associations between MCS and objective measurements of anthropometry, cardiorespiratory health, and physical performance. From the Danish population-based cohort DanFunD counting 9656 participants aged 18-76 years, 1.95% (n = 188) were categorized as MCS individuals (MCS All). Of those 188, 109 participants were subcategorized as having MCS without functional somatic disorders (FSD) (MCS with no comorbid FSD). The remaining study population without any FSD were regarded controls. We used adjusted multiple linear regression analyses to evaluate associations between MCS and anthropometry, cardiorespiratory fitness, and physical performance. Compared with the general population, MCS All had less optimal body composition, increased risk of obesity, impaired cardiorespiratory fitness, and physical performance which was not seen in MCS with no comorbid FSD. MCS individuals may be inhibited to maintain an active lifestyle which can increase risk of obesity and consequently have negatively impact on general health, which may not be the case among MCS with no comorbid FSD.","['D006801', 'D008019', 'D018777', 'D009765', 'D000076604']"
35870378,Association of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with thyroid homeostasis during pregnancy in the SELMA study.,To investigate the association of exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) during early pregnancy with markers of the maternal thyroid system.,"['D001249', 'D002648', 'D018876', 'D005260', 'D005466', 'D006706', 'D006801', 'D006967', 'D007223', 'D011247', 'D013548', 'D013961', 'D013963', 'D013972', 'D013974', 'D014284']"
35627326,"Exposures, Symptoms and Risk Perception among Office Workers in Relation to Nanoparticles in the Work Environment.","Submicroscopic nanoparticles (NPs) in air have received much attention due to their possible effects on health and wellbeing. Adverse health impacts of air pollution may not only be associated with level of exposure, but also mediated by the perception of the pollution and by beliefs of the exposure being hazardous. The aim of this study was to test a model that describes interrelations between NP pollution, perceived air quality, health risk perception, stress, and sick building syndrome. In the NanoOffice study, the level of NPs was measured and a survey on health risk perception was conducted among 260 employees in twelve office buildings in northern Sweden. Path analyses were performed to test the validity of the model. The data refute the model proposing that the NP exposure level significantly influences stress, chronic diseases, or SBS symptoms. Instead, the perceived exposure influences the perceived risk of NP, and the effect of perceived exposure on SBS and chronic disease is mediated by stress. There was little concern about nanoparticles, despite relatively high levels in some facilities. Perceived pollution and health risk perception may explain a large part of the environmentally induced symptoms and diseases, particularly in relatively low levels of pollution. The research results raise important questions on the physiologically or psychologically mediated health effects of air pollution.","['D000397', 'D006801', 'D053758', 'D010465', 'D018877', 'D017132']"
35622373,Validation of the Brazilian version of the questionnaire for detection of sick building syndrome.,"Objectives. This study aimed to perform content and construct validation of the questionnaire for detection of sick building syndrome for health-care workers in the Brazilian context; and to evaluate the length of employment in relation to the level of exposure to occupational risks that trigger occupational disease. Methods. This methodological and cross-sectional study consisted of validation of the questionnaire for detection of sick building syndrome for Brazil, and application of this to health workers. The questionnaire was validated through two axes: content and construct by contrasted groups. Results. The general index corresponded to 0.81, considering the instrument validated as to content. Fleiss' K index showed an inter-rater agreement of 68.59%, with a free margin of 0.53. Regarding the analysis by contrasted groups, there was a significant association with the two contrasted groups for time of work in the building and in the sector with some variables described as follows: age group, level of education, time of work in the position, satisfaction with the usual working hours, promotion of workers, etc. Conclusion. It is hoped that the validation of this questionnaire can contribute to a greater visibility of this pathology in the Brazilian worker's health scenario.","['D006801', 'D018877', 'D001938', 'D003430', 'D011795', 'D004651', 'D015203']"
35537497,Why electrohypersensitivity and related symptoms are caused by non-ionizing man-made electromagnetic fields: An overview and medical assessment.,"Much of the controversy over the cause of electrohypersensitivity (EHS) lies in the absence of recognized clinical and biological criteria for a widely accepted diagnosis. However, there are presently sufficient data for EHS to be acknowledged as a distinctly well-defined and objectively characterized neurologic pathological disorder. Because we have shown that 1) EHS is frequently associated with multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) in EHS patients, and 2) that both individualized disorders share a common pathophysiological mechanism for symptom occurrence; it appears that EHS and MCS can be identified as a unique neurologic syndrome, regardless their causal origin. In this overview we distinguish the etiology of EHS itself from the environmental causes that trigger pathophysiological changes and clinical symptoms after EHS has occurred. Contrary to present scientifically unfounded claims, we indubitably refute the hypothesis of a nocebo effect to explain the genesis of EHS and its presentation. We as well refute the erroneous concept that EHS could be reduced to a vague and unproven ""functional impairment"". To the contrary, we show here there are objective pathophysiological changes and health effects induced by electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure in EHS patients and most of all in healthy subjects, meaning that excessive non-thermal anthropogenic EMFs are strongly noxious for health. In this overview and medical assessment we focus on the effects of extremely low frequencies, wireless communications radiofrequencies and microwaves EMF. We discuss how to better define and characterize EHS. Taken into consideration the WHO proposed causality criteria, we show that EHS is in fact causally associated with increased exposure to man-made EMF, and in some cases to marketed environmental chemicals. We therefore appeal to all governments and international health institutions, particularly the WHO, to urgently consider the growing EHS-associated pandemic plague, and to acknowledge EHS as a mainly new real EMF causally-related pathology.","['D004574', 'D006801', 'D008872', 'D018777', 'D009422', 'D011846']"
35421699,Symptoms of Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance associated with chemicals (IEI-C) are positively associated with perceptual anomalies.,"Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance (IEI; i.e. the experience of somatic symptoms attributed to environmental agents) represents a functional somatic syndrome of unclear aetiology. Based on previous findings that suggest an association between IEI and perceptual anomalies, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between symptoms of IEI associated with chemicals (IEI-C) and facets of the schizotypy spectrum.","['D001007', 'D003430', 'D005260', 'D006212', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D000071896', 'D018777']"
35363938,Exploring the contributing factors to multiple chemical sensitivity in patients with migraine.,"Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a form of chemical intolerance in which various systemic symptoms are triggered by exposure to a variety of chemical substances. Although migraine has been associated with central sensitivity syndrome, the relationship between MCS and migraine has not been studied. We assessed the frequency of MCS and its related factors in patients with migraine.","['D000328', 'D003430', 'D004185', 'D004781', 'D006801', 'D008875', 'D008881', 'D018777']"
35347792,Assessment of sick building syndrome using visual analog scales.,"Despite there is no recommendations for assessing symptoms of sick building syndrome, the use of visual analog scales (VAS) seems attractive and appropriate. We aimed to demonstrate the benefits of using VAS for evaluating subjective symptoms of sick building syndrome.","['D016902', 'D006801', 'D016273', 'D018877', 'D064232']"
35255916,Physiological changes and symptoms associated with short-term exposure to electromagnetic fields: a randomized crossover provocation study.,"The biological association between electromagnetic fields (EMF) and idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to EMF (IEI-EMF) has not been established. To assess the physiological changes and symptoms associated with exposure to EMF, we conducted a randomized crossover provocation study.","['D001794', 'D040421', 'D004574', 'D004781', 'D006339', 'D006801', 'D018777']"
35213573,Comprehensive health risk assessment of microbial indoor air quality in microenvironments.,"The higher airborne microbial concentration in indoor areas might be responsible for the adverse indoor air quality, which relates well with poor respiratory and general health effects in the form of Sick building syndromes. The current study aimed to isolate and characterize the seasonal (winter and spring) levels of culturable bio-aerosols from indoor air, implicating human health by using an epidemiological health survey. Microorganisms were identified by standard macro and microbiological methods, followed by biochemical testing and molecular techniques. Sampling results revealed the bacterial and fungal aerosol concentrations ranging between (300-3650 CFU/m3) and (300-4150 CFU/m3) respectively, in different microenvironments during the winter season (December-February). However, in spring (March-May), bacterial and fungal aerosol concentrations were monitored, ranging between (450-5150 CFU/m3) and (350-5070 CFU/m3) respectively. Interestingly, Aspergillus and Cladosporium were the majorly recorded fungi whereas, Staphylococcus, Streptobacillus, and Micrococcus found predominant bacterial genera among all the sites. Taken together, the elevated levels of bioaerosols are the foremost risk factor that can lead to various respiratory and general health issues in additional analysis, the questionnaire survey indicated the headache (28%) and allergy (20%) were significant indoor health concerns. This type of approach will serve as a foundation for assisting residents in taking preventative measures to avoid exposure to dangerous bioaerosols.","['D000391', 'D016902', 'D001230', 'D001419', 'D002963', 'D004784', 'D006801', 'D012621', 'D018877']"
35065976,Effect of maternal alcohol consumption during the pre-pregnancy/early-pregnancy period on congenital heart disease: A prospective cohort study in Central China.,"Evidence of associations between maternal alcohol consumption and congenital heart disease (CHD) are mixed. Previous studies have been potentially biased due to recall bias or unmeasured confounding. This study aimed to examine the association of maternal alcohol consumption in 3 months before pregnancy and in early pregnancy with risks of offspring congenital heart disease (CHD) and its seven common subtypes. A prospective cohort study was conducted in Central China. From 03/13/2013 to 12/31/2019, a total of 44,048 pregnant women with singleton pregnancies at 8-14 gestational weeks were included and followed to 3 months postpartum. 564 births were diagnosed with CHD at the end of follow-up. Multivariable modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate the relative risks (RRs) of CHD in offspring exposed to maternal alcohol consumption during the pre-pregnancy and early-pregnancy period, adjusting for confounders identified by directed acyclic graphs. In the multivariable analyses, increased risks of CHDs were found in offspring exposed to maternal alcohol consumption both in 3 months before pregnancy (adjusted-RR:3.14; 95% confidence intervals[CIs]:2.30-4.28) and in early pregnancy (adjusted-RR:1.86; 95%CIs:1.13-3.05). More specifically, the offspring exposed to maternal alcohol consumption in 3 months before pregnancy had the highest increased risk of Tetralogy of Fallot (adjusted-RR:8.62; 95%CIs:3.61-20.61). These findings persisted in analyses that were further adjusted for the other behavior variables other than the characteristic being assessed, and were also confirmed by sensitivity analyses. Our study supports the need for continued efforts for public health messages surrounding the potential risks of alcohol consumption prior to or during pregnancy.","['D000428', 'D005260', 'D006330', 'D006801', 'D007223', 'D007231', 'D047489', 'D011247', 'D037841', 'D011297', 'D011446', 'D012307']"
35045379,A high environmental composite quality factor score was associated with the risk of sick building syndrome among adults in northeast China.,Epidemiological evidence regarding the association between the combination of indoor and outdoor neighborhood pollution and sick building syndrome (SBS) among adults is limited and inconsistent. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the association between the environmental composite quality factor score and SBS among adults.,"['D016902', 'D000818', 'D002681', 'D003430', 'D005260', 'D006798', 'D008297', 'D018877']"
34886380,Insulin Resistance Is Associated with Multiple Chemical Sensitivity in a Danish Population-Based Study-DanFunD.,"Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a multisystem syndrome, and limited knowledge of its pathophysiology exists. Based on the population-based Danish cohort DanFunD, this study investigated metabolic health in people with MCS compared to individuals who did not have MCS. From 9656 cohort participants aged 18-76 years old, 1.95% were categorized as MCS individuals with comorbid functional somatic disorders (MCS +FSD, n = 188), and 1.13% were categorized as MCS without functional somatic disorders (MCS ÷FSD, n = 109). MCS was characterized based on three criteria: the experience of symptoms upon exposure to common odors and airborne chemicals, symptoms related the central nervous systems and others organ symptoms, and significant impact on every day, social, and occupational life. The remaining study population without MCS or any other functional somatic disorders were regarded as controls. We used adjusted multiple linear regression with link-function to evaluate the associations between lipid and glucose metabolism markers and MCS. We also tested the odds ratio of metabolic syndrome in MCS. Results did not point to statistically significant associations between lipid biomarkers or metabolic syndrome and both MCS groups compared to the controls. We found that MCS individuals may be more insulin resistant and that MCS ÷ FSD may have an impaired glucose metabolism when compared to controls.","['D000293', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D015331', 'D003718', 'D006801', 'D007333', 'D008875', 'D018777', 'D016017', 'D055815']"
34886041,Multiple Chemical Sensitivity in Patients Exposed to Moisture Damage at Work and in General Working-Age Population-The SAMDAW Study.,"A considerable proportion of patients having respiratory tract or voice symptoms associated with workplace moisture damage (MD) could have multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS). MCS is characterized by symptoms of different organ systems in association with low-level chemical exposure. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of MCS among patients referred to secondary health care because of respiratory or voice symptoms associated with workplace MD compared to the general working-age population. Using three subscales of the QEESI© questionnaire, we assessed MCS in the study patients and 1500 controls in the same district randomly selected from the Finnish Population Information System. Study patients had significantly more often high scores in chemical intolerance (39% vs. 23%, p = 0.001), symptom severity (60% vs. 27%, p < 0.001), and life impact subscales (53% vs. 20%, p < 0.001). Asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, laryngeal problems, and atopy were not associated with the presence of MCS. MCS is common among patients referred to secondary health care with respiratory tract and/or voice symptoms associated with workplace MD, and it considerably affects their everyday life. MCS should be considered as a possible explanatory factor for MD-associated symptoms.","['D001249', 'D006801', 'D018777', 'D015995', 'D011795', 'D017132']"
34859930,Indoor humidity levels and associations with reported symptoms in office buildings.,"Moderate indoor relative humidity (RH) levels (i.e., 40%-60%) may minimize transmission and viability of some viruses, maximize human immune function, and minimize health risks from mold, yet uncertainties exist about typical RH levels in offices globally and about the potential independent impacts of RH levels on workers' health. To examine this, we leveraged one year of indoor RH measurements (which study participants could view in real time) in 43 office buildings in China, India, Mexico, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and corresponding self-report symptom data from 227 office workers in a subset of 32 buildings. In the buildings in this study, 42% of measurements during 9:00 - 17:00 on weekdays were less than 40% RH and 7% exceeded 60% RH. Indoor RH levels tended to be lower in less tropical regions, in winter months, when outdoor RH or temperature was low, and late in the workday. Furthermore, we also found statistically significant evidence that higher indoor RH levels across the range of 14%-70% RH were associated with lower odds of reporting dryness or irritation of the throat and skin among females and unusual fatigue among males in models adjusted for indoor temperature, country, and day of year.","['D016902', 'D003625', 'D005260', 'D006801', 'D006813', 'D008297', 'D012621', 'D018877', 'D013696', 'D014481']"
34769816,Italian Expert Consensus on Clinical and Therapeutic Management of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS).,"Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a multisystem, recurrent, environmental disorder that flares in response to different exposures (i.e., pesticides, solvents, toxic metals and molds) under the threshold limit value (TLV) calculated for age and gender in the general population. MCS is a syndrome characterized by cutaneous, allergic, gastrointestinal, rheumatological, endocrinological, cardiological and neurological signs and symptoms. We performed a systematic review of the literature to summarize the current clinical and therapeutic evidence and then oriented an eDelphi consensus. Four main research domains were identified (diagnosis, treatment, hospitalization and emergency) and discussed by 10 experts and an MCS patient. Thus, the first Italian MCS consensus had the double aim: (a) to improve MCS knowledge among healthcare workers and patients by standardizing the clinical and therapeutic management to MCS patients; and (b) to improve and shed light on MCS misconceptions not supported by evidence-based medicine (EBM).","['D032921', 'D006801', 'D006967', 'D007558', 'D018777', 'D012997']"
34757536,The role of bio-pollutants in the indoor air quality of old museum buildings: artworks biodeterioration as preview of human diseases.,"Indoor air quality in buildings is strongly affected by chemical, physical, and biological agents. Long exposure to inadequate indoor air quality can be very dangerous for the building occupants and can lead to chronic diseases associated with the sick building syndrome (SBS). In this paper, the large presence of biological pollutants in the indoor rooms of an old building and its strict relationship with the outdoor/indoor air conditions were investigated studying Coronini Cronberg Palace Foundation, a historic house museum of the sixteenth century in Gorizia (Italy), where biological contamination affecting the artworks can soon become potentially harmful also for operators and visitors. Detailed aerobiological and microbiological analyses on organic natural materials, combined with a microclimate monitoring, were conducted to evaluate the influence of temperature and relative humidity levels within the Palace in the conspicuous growth and diffusion of microorganisms. Fungal and bacterial colonies damaging materials, mainly affected by the sudden fluctuations of hygrothermal values, were found to widely exceed Italian and international recommended levels for good air quality for both artworks and human beings. Understand their impact on human health would be strictly necessary to reduce biological risks for museum staff and cultural heritage users, but consequently to improve indoor air quality.","['D016902', 'D004784', 'D004785', 'D006801', 'D009144', 'D018877']"
34726626,[Multiple chemical sensitivity and recurrent lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Contribution with an illustrative urological case.].,Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a disease due to a disproportionate systemic response to chemical agents presentin the environment. ts urinary manifestations are rare and poorly understood. We present a case with recurrent lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and review these symptoms in Spanish and foreign publications.,"['D000328', 'D005260', 'D006801', 'D059411', 'D018777']"
34686066,A survey on electromagnetic hypersensitivity: the example from Poland.,Idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic field (IEI-EMF) called electromagnetic hypersensitivity or electrosensitivity appeared in Polish society awareness due to a considerable change made at the end of 2019 in Polish telecommunication laws. The aims of the project were to access the prevalence of IEI-EMF in Poland and to define a reliable methodology to study this phenomenon. The first step was the internet survey performed at the end of 2018. The IEI-EMF prevalence estimated at the level of 39.7% suggested considerable bias affecting the results. The faults of the first approach were analysed and then a second study stage was performed as a telephone survey at the end of 2020. The latter survey allowed estimating the prevalence of IEI-EMF as less than 1.8%. These discrepancies in the results of both surveys were connected to the medium used in the first survey (Internet) indirectly causing that the group pooled was not representative. The second pitfall was the definition of the criteria used for an electrosensitive person classification. This is why the IEI-EMF prevalence was investigated in the second stage with the use of numerous criteria. The application of different criteria allowed for essential conclusions concerning the appropriate methodology for such kinds of studies. Corrections of the methodology before the second survey allowed reliable results consistent with the results obtained in similar studies performed in other countries. Our findings also show that the IEI-EMF frequency reports presented in the literature have to be treated carefully and with some dose of scepticism.,"['D004574', 'D006801', 'D018777', 'D011044', 'D011795']"
34674855,Maternal preconception occupational exposure to cleaning products and disinfectants and offspring asthma.,"Emerging research suggests health effects in offspring after parental chemical exposures before conception. Many future mothers are exposed to potent chemicals at work, but potential offspring health effects are hardly investigated.","['D000328', 'D001249', 'D002648', 'D003902', 'D004202', 'D005260', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D018811', 'D016273', 'D047489', 'D011247', 'D012135', 'D055815']"
34666571,Symptoms and oxylipins in plasma before and after exposure to rooms in which individuals have both experienced and not experienced building-related symptoms - an exploratory study.,"The aim of this study was to investigate if there are differences in symptom ratings and plasma concentrations of oxylipins as a measure of acute inflammation between individuals with building-related symptoms (BRS) and referents during exposure to rooms where people experienced BRS and rooms where they did not experience BRS. Medically examined individuals with BRS and healthy, age and sex matched referents working in the same building were exposed for 60 min. Ratings of symptoms and collection of blood to measure oxylipins in plasma were performed before and after each exposure. Individuals with BRS reported more symptoms (mostly mucosal) than the referents in the problem rooms and there was a tendency towards a difference between the groups in concentration of metabolites from the cyclooxygenase pathway (COX). The mean reported intensity of symptoms among all participants was also found to be positively correlated with both COX and lipoxygenase (LOX-15) oxylipins in problem rooms.","['D006801', 'D018877', 'D016902', 'D054883']"
34605413,[Genitourinary symptoms of multiple chemical sensitivity in spanish publications.].," Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a multi-symptomatic systemic disease whose genitourinary symptoms are poorly known. The aim of this article is to study these symptoms in Spanish publications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of descriptive type on the genitourinary symptoms of MCS is carried out in the Spanish publications between the years 2000 and 2019. The search in Medline was performed with MeSH terms ""multiple chemical sensitivity Spanish"" and in Google with free terms ""sensibilidad química multiple España"". In the publications found, only those referring to genitourinary symptoms were selected, in which year, authors, type of article (clinical case, review, casuistry), genital symptoms, urinary symptoms, specialty, hospital or centre and city were studied. The results of these variables have been analyzed with descriptive statistics.","['D005260', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D008511', 'D018777', 'D012189', 'D013030']"
34529912,Neurological susceptibility to environmental exposures: pathophysiological mechanisms in neurodegeneration and multiple chemical sensitivity.,"The World Health Organization lists air pollution as one of the top five risks for developing chronic non-communicable disease, joining tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol, unhealthy diets and physical inactivity. This review focuses on how host defense mechanisms against adverse airborne exposures relate to the probable interacting and overlapping pathophysiological features of neurodegeneration and multiple chemical sensitivity. Significant long-term airborne exposures can contribute to oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, transient receptor subfamily vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and subfamily ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) upregulation and sensitization, with impacts on olfactory and trigeminal nerve function, and eventual loss of brain mass. The potential for neurologic dysfunction, including decreased cognition, chronic pain and central sensitization related to airborne contaminants, can be magnified by genetic polymorphisms that result in less effective detoxification. Onset of neurodegenerative disorders is subtle, with early loss of brain mass and loss of sense of smell. Onset of MCS may be gradual following long-term low dose airborne exposures, or acute following a recognizable exposure. Upregulation of chemosensitive TRPV1 and TRPA1 polymodal receptors has been observed in patients with neurodegeneration, and chemically sensitive individuals with asthma, migraine and MCS. In people with chemical sensitivity, these receptors are also sensitized, which is defined as a reduction in the threshold and an increase in the magnitude of a response to noxious stimulation. There is likely damage to the olfactory system in neurodegeneration and trigeminal nerve hypersensitivity in MCS, with different effects on olfactory processing. The associations of low vitamin D levels and protein kinase activity seen in neurodegeneration have not been studied in MCS. Table 2 presents a summary of neurodegeneration and MCS, comparing 16 distinctive genetic, pathophysiological and clinical features associated with air pollution exposures. There is significant overlap, suggesting potential comorbidity. Canadian Health Measures Survey data indicates an overlap between neurodegeneration and MCS (p < 0.05) that suggests comorbidity, but the extent of increased susceptibility to the other condition is not established. Nevertheless, the pathways to the development of these conditions likely involve TRPV1 and TRPA1 receptors, and so it is hypothesized that manifestation of neurodegeneration and/or MCS and possibly why there is divergence may be influenced by polymorphisms of these receptors, among other factors.","['D006801', 'D018777', 'D002170', 'D012903']"
34506786,Psychological models of development of idiopathic environmental intolerances: Evidence from longitudinal population-based data.,"The origin of idiopathic environmental intolerances (IEIs) is an open question. According to the psychological approaches, various top-down factors play a dominant role in the development of IEIs. The general psychopathology model assumes a propensity towards mental ill-health (negative affectivity) increases the probability of developing IEIs. The attribution model emphasizes the importance of mistaken attribution of experienced somatic symptoms; thus, more symptoms should lead to more IEIs. Finally, the nocebo model highlights the role of expectations in the development of IEIs. In this case, worries about the harmful effects of environmental factors are assumed to evoke IEIs. We estimated cross-lagged panel models with latent variables based on longitudinal data obtained at two time points (six years apart) from a large near-representative community sample to test the hypothesized associations. Indicators of chemical intolerance, electromagnetic hypersensitivity, and sound sensitivity fit well under a common latent factor of IEIs. This factor, in turn, showed considerable temporal stability. However, whereas a positive association was found between IEIs and increased somatic symptoms and modern health worries six years later, the changes therein could not be predicted as hypothesized by the three psychological models. We discuss the implications of these results, as well as methodological aspects in the measurement and prediction of change in IEIs.","['D001007', 'D006801', 'D000071896', 'D008960', 'D018777', 'D064786']"
34444461,Validation of a Brief Screening Instrument for Chemical Intolerance in a Large U.S. National Sample.,"Chemical intolerance (CI) is characterized by multisystem symptoms triggered by low levels of exposure to xenobiotics including chemicals, foods/food additives, and drugs/medications. Prior prevalence estimates vary from 8-33% worldwide. Clinicians and researchers need a brief, practical screening tool for identifying possible chemical intolerance. This large, population-based study describes the validation of a three-item screening questionnaire, the Brief Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory (BREESI), against the international reference standard used for assessing chemical intolerance, the Quick Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory (QEESI).","['D004781', 'D006801', 'D008403', 'D018777', 'D015995', 'D011795']"
34402516,Small Fiber Neuropathy in Patients with Chronic Pain and a Previous Diagnosis of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Syndrome.,"Small fiber neuropathy (SFN) is characterized by the involvement of Aδ and C fibers leading to sensory, mainly pain, and/or autonomic symptoms. Multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome (MCS) is an incompletely defined condition characterized by the onset of various symptoms in patients after exposure to several chemical substances. Pain is a common symptom in these patients. In this study, we report the histological and clinical data of a cohort of 21 patients who had been diagnosed as having MCS and who were referred to us with the suspicion of SFN because of chronic pain. All patients underwent neurological clinical examination, (including scales for pain and autonomic disorders), and a skin biopsy. Age-matched healthy subjects were used as controls for the skin biopsies. Nerve conduction studies and serum screening to exclude possible causes of peripheral neuropathy were also performed. Skin biopsies disclosed a somatic SFN in all patients. Although the majority (18 out of 21) of patients also had autonomic symptoms. we found sparing of autonomic innervation in the biopsies. These observations suggest that chronic pain in MCS could be secondary to the presence of somatic SFN, although more data are needed to confirm these observations.","['D000328', 'D001706', 'D059350', 'D005260', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D018777', 'D009460', 'D012867', 'D000071075']"
34361007,Mechanisms of Immunotoxicity: Stressors and Evaluators.,"The immune system defends the body against certain tumor cells and against foreign agents such as fungi, parasites, bacteria, and viruses. One of its main roles is to distinguish endogenous components from non-self-components. An unproperly functioning immune system is prone to primary immune deficiencies caused by either primary immune deficiencies such as genetic defects or secondary immune deficiencies such as physical, chemical, and in some instances, psychological stressors. In the manuscript, we will provide a brief overview of the immune system and immunotoxicology. We will also describe the biochemical mechanisms of immunotoxicants and how to evaluate immunotoxicity.","['D000485', 'D000818', 'D018876', 'D005512', 'D006801', 'D007413', 'D012130', 'D020545']"
34328924,"Classroom microbiome, functional pathways and sick-building syndrome (SBS) in urban and rural schools - Potential roles of indoor microbial amino acids and vitamin metabolites.","Sick building symptoms (SBS) are defined as non-specific symptoms related to indoor exposures, including mucosal symptoms in eye, nose, throat, and skin, and general symptoms as headache and tiredness. Indoor microbial composition is associated with SBS symptoms, but the impact of microbial functional genes and potential metabolic products has not been characterized. We conducted a shotgun microbial metagenomic sequencing for vacuum dust collected in urban and rural schools in Shanxi province, China. SBS symptoms in students were surveyed, and microbial taxa and functional pathways related to the symptoms were identified using a multi-level linear regression model. SBS symptoms were common in students, and the prevalence of ocular and throat symptoms, headache, and tiredness was higher in urban than in rural areas (p < 0.05). A significant higher microbial α-diversity was found in rural areas than in urban areas (Chao1, p = 0.001; ACE, p = 0.002). Also, significant variation in microbial taxonomic and functional composition (β-diversity) was observed between urban and rural areas (p < 0.005). Five potential risk Actinobacteria species were associated with SBS symptoms (p < 0.01); students in the classrooms with a higher abundance of an unclassified Geodermatophilaceae, Geodermatophilus, Fridmanniella luteola, Microlunatus phosphovorus and Mycetocola reported more nasal and throat symptoms and tiredness. Students with a higher abundance of an unclassified flavobacteriaceae reported fewer throat symptoms and tiredness. The abundance of microbial metabolic pathways related to the synthesis of B vitamins (biotin and folate), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and peptidoglycan and were protectively (negatively) associated with SBS symptoms (FDR < 0.05). The result is consistent with human microbiota studies, which reported that these microbial products are extensively involved in immunological processes and anti-inflammatory effects. This is the first study to report the functional potential of the indoor microbiome and the occurrence of SBS, providing new insights into the potential etiologic mechanisms in chronic inflammatory diseases.","['D016902', 'D000596', 'D001249', 'D006801', 'D064307', 'D011423', 'D012574', 'D018877', 'D014815']"
34298941,The Critical Importance of Molecular Biomarkers and Imaging in the Study of Electrohypersensitivity. A Scientific Consensus International Report.,"Clinical research aiming at objectively identifying and characterizing diseases via clinical observations and biological and radiological findings is a critical initial research step when establishing objective diagnostic criteria and treatments. Failure to first define such diagnostic criteria may lead research on pathogenesis and etiology to serious confounding biases and erroneous medical interpretations. This is particularly the case for electrohypersensitivity (EHS) and more particularly for the so-called ""provocation tests"", which do not investigate the causal origin of EHS but rather the EHS-associated particular environmental intolerance state with hypersensitivity to man-made electromagnetic fields (EMF). However, because those tests depend on multiple EMF-associated physical and biological parameters and have been conducted in patients without having first defined EHS objectively and/or endpoints adequately, they cannot presently be considered to be valid pathogenesis research methodologies. Consequently, the negative results obtained by these tests do not preclude a role of EMF exposure as a symptomatic trigger in EHS patients. Moreover, there is no proof that EHS symptoms or EHS itself are caused by psychosomatic or nocebo effects. This international consensus report pleads for the acknowledgement of EHS as a distinct neuropathological disorder and for its inclusion in the WHO International Classification of Diseases.","['D000818', 'D015415', 'D032921', 'D003952', 'D003955', 'D004574', 'D006801', 'D006967', 'D018777', 'D009422']"
34062144,Nociplastic pain: towards an understanding of prevalent pain conditions.,"Nociplastic pain is the semantic term suggested by the international community of pain researchers to describe a third category of pain that is mechanistically distinct from nociceptive pain, which is caused by ongoing inflammation and damage of tissues, and neuropathic pain, which is caused by nerve damage. The mechanisms that underlie this type of pain are not entirely understood, but it is thought that augmented CNS pain and sensory processing and altered pain modulation play prominent roles. The symptoms observed in nociplastic pain include multifocal pain that is more widespread or intense, or both, than would be expected given the amount of identifiable tissue or nerve damage, as well as other CNS-derived symptoms, such as fatigue, sleep, memory, and mood problems. This type of pain can occur in isolation, as often occurs in conditions such as fibromyalgia or tension-type headache, or as part of a mixed-pain state in combination with ongoing nociceptive or neuropathic pain, as might occur in chronic low back pain. It is important to recognise this type of pain, since it will respond to different therapies than nociceptive pain, with a decreased responsiveness to peripherally directed therapies such as anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids, surgery, or injections.","['D001007', 'D059350', 'D060825', 'D003863', 'D018876', 'D005221', 'D005260', 'D005356', 'D006801', 'D007249', 'D017116', 'D008297', 'D009437', 'D059226', 'D012893', 'D020886', 'D018781']"
33930739,Modern health worries and idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields are associated with paranoid ideation.,"Paranoid ideation is assumed to characterize worries about possible harmful effects of modern technologies (MHWs) and idiopathic environmental intolerances (IEIs), such as IEI attributed to electromagnetic fields (IEI-EMF). Empirical evidence on these associations is scarce.","['D000293', 'D000328', 'D001007', 'D003430', 'D004574', 'D005260', 'D006801', 'D000071896', 'D018777', 'D055815']"
33881009,Evaluation of the relationship between sick building syndrome complaints among hospital employees and indoor environmental quality.,"Sick building syndrome (SBS) is defined as a condition occurring in people who live or work in a modern building and who suffer from complaints such as headache, fatigue, lack of concentration, and irritation of the skin and mucous membranes.","['D016902', 'D005260', 'D006761', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D010564', 'D018877']"
33831284,Sick building syndrome among healthcare workers and healthcare associates at observed general hospital in Slovenia.,The aim of this study was to assess the possible associations between self-perceived sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms among healthcare workers and healthcare associates and self-perceived parameters of indoor work environment quality.,"['D016902', 'D003430', 'D003695', 'D006282', 'D006769', 'D006801', 'D018877', 'D017524']"
33729611,Teachers' work-related non-literature-known building-related symptoms are also connected to indoor toxicity: A cross-sectional study.,"A previous study showed that classical building-related symptoms (BRS) were related to indoor dust and microbial toxicity via boar sperm motility assay, a sensitive method for measuring mitochondrial toxicity. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed whether teachers' most common work-related non-literature-known BRS (nBRS) were also associated with dust or microbial toxicity. Teachers from 15 schools in Finland completed a questionnaire evaluating 20 nBRS including general, eye, respiratory, hearing, sleep, and mental symptoms. Boar sperm motility assay was used to measure the toxicity of extracts from wiped dust and microbial fallout samples collected from teachers' classrooms. 231 teachers answered a questionnaire and their classroom toxicity data were recorded. A negative binomial mixed model showed that teachers' work-related nBRS were 2.9-fold (95% CI: 1.2-7.3) higher in classrooms with highly toxic dust samples compared to classrooms with non-toxic dust samples (p = 0.024). The RR of work-related nBRS was 1.8 (95% CI: 1.1-2.9) for toxic microbial samples (p = 0.022). Teachers' BRS appeared to be broader than reported in the literature, and the work-related nBRS were associated with toxic dusts and microbes in classrooms.","['D000393', 'D016902', 'D000818', 'D003430', 'D004391', 'D005387', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D016273', 'D000070777', 'D012574', 'D018877', 'D013081', 'D013552']"
33728967,PON1 polymorphisms can predict generalized anxiety and depressed mood in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity.,"Background: Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a chronic condition with somatic, cognitive and affective symptoms that follow contact with chemical agents at usually non toxic concentrations. We aimed to assess the role of genetic polymorphisms involved in oxidative stress on anxiety and depression in MCS. Materials & methods: Our study investigated the CAT rs1001179, MPO rs2333227, PON1 rs662 and PON1 rs705379 polymorphisms in MCS. Results: The AG genotype of the PON1 rs662 and the TT and CT genotypes of the PON1 rs705379 were involved in anxiety and depression. Discussion: These results are in line with existing evidence of PON1 involvement in MCS and suggest a further role of this gene in the exhibition of anxiety and depression in this disease.","['D000328', 'D000483', 'D001007', 'D043303', 'D003863', 'D005260', 'D020022', 'D005838', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D018777', 'D018384', 'D020641']"
33682978,"The home environment in a nationwide sample of multi-family buildings in Sweden: associations with ocular, nasal, throat and dermal symptoms, headache, and fatigue among adults.","Risk factors at home for ocular, nasal, throat and dermal symptoms, headache, and fatigue were studied in a nationwide questionnaire survey in Sweden, the BETSI study in 2006. Totally, 5775 adults from a stratified random sample of multi-family buildings participated. Associations between home environment factors and weekly symptoms were analyzed by multi-level logistic regression. In total, 8.3% had ocular symptoms; 11.9% nasal symptoms; 7.1% throat symptoms; 11.9% dermal symptoms; 8.5% headache and 23.1% fatigue. Subjects in colder climate zones had more mucosal and throat symptoms but less fatigue and ocular symptoms. Rented apartments had poorer indoor environment than self-owned apartments. Those living in buildings constructed from 1961 to 1985 had most symptoms. Building dampness, mold and mold odor were risk factors, especially headache and ocular symptoms. Lack of mechanical ventilation system was another risk factor, especially for headache. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), electric radiators, and crowdedness were other risk factors. Oiled wooden floors, recent indoor painting, and new floor materials were negatively associated with symptoms. In conclusion, building dampness, mold, poor ventilation conditions, crowdedness, ETS, and emissions from electric radiators in apartments in Sweden can increase the risk of ocular, nasal, throat and dermal symptoms, headache, and fatigue.","['D000328', 'D016902', 'D004781', 'D005221', 'D005430', 'D005658', 'D006261', 'D006798', 'D006801', 'D006813', 'D016015', 'D018877', 'D013548', 'D014691']"
33626058,Multiple chemical sensitivity described in the Danish general population: Cohort characteristics and the importance of screening for functional somatic syndrome comorbidity-The DanFunD study.,"Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is characterized by widespread symptoms attributed to exposure to airborne chemicals. MCS is categorized as a functional somatic syndrome (FSS), and MCS cases often meet the criteria for other types of FSS, e.g. fibromyalgia. The primary aim was to characterize MCS regarding symptom triggers, symptoms, lifestyle and describe demographics, socioeconomics and lifestyle factors associated with MCS. A secondary aim was to examine the implication of FSS comorbidity.","['D000293', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D000369', 'D015331', 'D015897', 'D003718', 'D005260', 'D005356', 'D006801', 'D008019', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D018777', 'D012307', 'D012959', 'D013001', 'D011795', 'D055815']"
33620091,"Associations of indoor carbon dioxide concentrations, air temperature, and humidity with perceived air quality and sick building syndrome symptoms in Chinese homes.","The indoor environment influences occupants' health. From March 1, 2018, to February 28, 2019, we continuously monitored indoor temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and CO2 concentration in bedrooms via an online system in 165 residences that covered all five climate zones of China. Meanwhile, we asked one specific occupant in each home to complete questionnaires about perceived air quality and sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms at the end of each month. Higher CO2 concentration was significantly associated with a higher percentage of perceived stuffy odor and skin SBS symptoms. Higher relative humidity was associated with higher percentage of perceived moldy odor and humid air, while lower RH was associated with a higher percentage of perceived dry air. Occupants who lived in residences with high RH were less likely to have mucosal and skin SBS symptoms (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.73-0.78). However, the benefit of high humidity for perceived dry air and skin dryness symptoms is weaker if there is a high CO2 concentration level.","['D000397', 'D016902', 'D002245', 'D002681', 'D006801', 'D006813', 'D018877', 'D013696']"
33605408,Seasonal Trends for Environmental Illness Incidence in the U.S. Army.,"The incidence of and risk factors for exertional heat illness (EHI) and cold weather injury (CWI) in the U.S. Army have been well documented. The ""heat season"", when the risk of EHI is highest and application of risk mitigation procedures is mandatory, has been arbitrarily defined as May 1 through September 30, while the ""cold season"" is understood to occur from October 1 to April 30 each year. The proportions of EHI and CWI that occur outside of the traditional heat and cold seasons are unknown. Additionally, it is unknown if either of the seasonal definitions are appropriate. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of EHI and of CWI that occur within the commonly accepted seasonal definitions. We also report the location-specific variability, seasonal definitions, and the demographic characteristics of the populations.","['D018876', 'D018882', 'D006358', 'D006801', 'D015994', 'D012621']"
33423091,"Skin sensitivity to capsaicin, perceived stress and burn out among patients with building-related symptoms.","The mechanisms behind building-related symptoms have remained unknown despite many years of research. It is known that environmental and psychosocial factors are of importance. Some receptors in the Transient Receptor Potential family elicit the same symptoms when stimulated, as reported by those suffering from building-related symptoms. The aim of this study was to compare capsaicin sensitivity between people with and without skin symptoms. A second aim was to investigate perceived stress among individuals with different levels of capsaicin sensitivity.","['D000287', 'D000328', 'D002211', 'D004890', 'D000431', 'D005145', 'D005260', 'D006785', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D010146', 'D011537', 'D018877', 'D012867', 'D013315', 'D011795', 'D013548']"
33322946,Prevalence of sick building syndrome in hospital staff and its relationship with indoor environmental quality.,"The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sick building syndrome (SBS), and its relationship with indoor environmental quality in hospital settings. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 300 hospital staff in Sivas. MM 040 NA Hospital questionnaire was applied. In the hospital indoor environments, air quality (carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), methane (CH4), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nitrogen oxides (NOx)), lighting, noise, respirable dust and thermal comfort measurements were made. The prevalence of SBS was determined as 64.7-74.1% in the hospitals. It was found that the risk of SBS was 4.31 times higher for those who complained about variable room temperature and 3.11 times higher for those who complained about noise, and decreased 1.01 times with the increase in lighting level. In order to minimize the risk of SBS, it is thought that all healthcare administrators should be informed about SBS.","['D016902', 'D003430', 'D006801', 'D010564', 'D015995', 'D018877']"
33287602,Indoor-related microbe damage induces complement system activation in building users.,"In this comparative study, serum complement system antimicrobial activity was measured from 159 serum samples, taken from individuals from microbe-damaged (70 samples) and from reference buildings (89 samples). Antimicrobial activity was assessed using a probe-based bacterial Escherichia coli-lux bioluminescence system and comparison was made at a group level between the experimental and reference group. The complement activity was higher in users of microbe-damaged buildings compared with the reference group and the significant (P < 0.001) increase in activity was found in the classical reaction pathway. This study strengthens our notion that exposure to indoor-related microbe damage increases the risk for systemic subclinical inflammation and creates a health risk for building users.","['D000391', 'D001419', 'D058491', 'D001770', 'D015169', 'D003170', 'D003171', 'D003165', 'D004926', 'D005658', 'D006801', 'D012016', 'D018877']"
33159181,Plastics and cardiovascular disease.,"Plastics are synonymous with modern life. Nevertheless, the ubiquity of plastics has resulted in their continuous exposure to humans, which can be harmful. The available literature suggests that this daily exposure might be contributing to cardiovascular disease.","['D002318', 'D004781', 'D018876', 'D006801', 'D010969']"
33070122,The role of sensory and olfactory pathways in multiple chemical sensitivity.,"Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is characterised by non-specific and recurring symptoms affecting multiple organs and associated with exposure to chemicals, even at low concentrations, which are, under normal circumstances, harmless to the general population. Symptoms include general discomfort, cardiovascular instability, irritation of the sensory organs, breath disorders, hypersensitivity affecting the skin and epithelial lining of the gut, throat and lungs, anxiety, and learning and memory loss. Chemical intolerance is a key distinguishing feature of MCS, limiting considerably patients' lifestyle with serious social, occupational and economic implications. Since no specific diagnostic markers are currently available for chemical intolerance, the diagnosis relies on clinical symptoms. Despite the formulation of several hypotheses regarding the pathophysiology of MCS, its mechanisms remain undefined. A person-centred care approach, based on multidisciplinary and individualised medical plans, has shown promising results. However, more definite treatment strategies are required. We have reviewed the main experimental studies on MCS pathophysiology, focusing on the brain networks involved, the impact of environmental pollution on the olfactory system and the correlation with other pathologies such as neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we discuss treatment strategies targeting the olfactory system.","['D000818', 'D001921', 'D004787', 'D006801', 'D008658', 'D018777', 'D000857', 'D009833', 'D012677']"
32980048,Brain and placental transcriptional responses as a readout of maternal and paternal preconception stress are fetal sex specific.,"Despite a wealth of epidemiological evidence that cumulative parental lifetime stress experiences prior to conception are determinant of offspring developmental trajectories, there is a lack of insight on how these previous stress experiences are stored and communicated intergenerationally. Preconception experiences may impact offspring development through alterations in transcriptional regulation of the placenta, a major determinant of offspring growth and sex-specific developmental outcomes. We evaluated the lasting influence of maternal and paternal preconception stress (PCS) on the mid-gestation placenta and fetal brain, utilizing their transcriptomes as proximate readouts of intergenerational impact.","['D000818', 'D001921', 'D005260', 'D005333', 'D008297', 'D051379', 'D010920', 'D047489', 'D011247', 'D012727', 'D013315', 'D059467']"
32966653,Association of subjective health symptoms with indoor air quality in European office buildings: The OFFICAIR project.,"The aim of this study was to explore the association between the building-related occupants' reported health symptoms and the indoor pollutant concentrations in a sample of 148 office rooms, within the framework of the European OFFICAIR research project. A large field campaign was performed in 37 office buildings among eight countries, which included (a) 5-day air sampling of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), aldehydes, ozone, and NO2 (b) collection of information from 1299 participants regarding their personal characteristics and health perception at workplace using online questionnaires. Stepwise and multilevel logistic regressions were applied to investigate associations between health symptoms and pollutant concentrations considering personal characteristics as confounders. Occupants of offices with higher pollutant concentrations were more likely to report health symptoms. Among the studied VOCs, xylenes were associated with general (such as headache and tiredness) and skin symptoms, ethylbenzene with eye irritation and respiratory symptoms, a-pinene with respiratory and heart symptoms, d-limonene with general symptoms, and styrene with skin symptoms. Among aldehydes, formaldehyde was associated with respiratory and general symptoms, acrolein with respiratory symptoms, propionaldehyde with respiratory, general, and heart symptoms, and hexanal with general SBS. Ozone was associated with almost all symptom groups.","['D016902', 'D000447', 'D059026', 'D004784', 'D005557', 'D006801', 'D019570', 'D018877', 'D055549', 'D017132']"
32936802,Three questions for identifying chemically intolerant individuals in clinical and epidemiological populations: The Brief Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory (BREESI).,"The Quick Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory (QEESI) is a validated questionnaire used worldwide to assess intolerances to chemicals, foods, and drugs, and has emerged as the gold standard for assessing chemical intolerance (CI). Despite a reported prevalence of 8-33%, epidemiological studies and routine primary care clinics rarely assess CI. To help address this gap, we developed the Brief Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory (BREESI)-a 3-item CI screening tool. We tested the BREESI's potential to predict whether an individual is likely to be classified as chemically intolerant if administered the 50-item QEESI. We recruited 293 participants from a university-based primary care clinic and through online participation. The statistical sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the BREESI were calculated against the validated QEESI. Ninety percent (90%) of participants answering ""yes"" to all three items on the BREESI fit the QEESI criteria for being very suggestive of CI based upon their chemical intolerance and symptom scores (positive predictive value = 90%). For participants endorsing two items, 93% were classified as either very suggestive (39%) or suggestive (54%) of CI (positive predictive value = 87%). Of those endorsing only one item, 13% were classified as very suggestive of CI, and 70% as suggestive. Of those answering ""No"" to all of the BREESI items, 95% were classified as not suggestive of CI (i.e., negative predictive value = 95%). The BREESI is a versatile screening tool for assessing potential CI useful for clinical and epidemiological applications, based upon individuals' past adverse responses in a variety of settings. Just as health care professionals routinely inquire about latex allergy to prevent adverse reactions, the BREESI provides an essential screen for CI. Together, the BREESI and QEESI provide new diagnostic tools that may help predict and prevent future adverse reactions to chemicals, foods, and drugs.","['D000328', 'D003955', 'D004781', 'D005260', 'D006306', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D008403', 'D018777', 'D015995', 'D012372', 'D011795', 'D013781']"
32916833,Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Syndrome: A Principal Component Analysis of Symptoms.,"Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) is a chronic and/or recurrent condition with somatic, cognitive, and affective symptoms following a contact with chemical agents whose concentrations do not correlate with toxicity in the general population. Its prevalence is not well defined; it mainly affects women between 40 and 50 years, without variations in ethnicity, education and economic status. We aimed to assess the core symptoms of this illness in a sample of Italian patients. Two physicians investigated different symptoms with a checklist compilation in 129 patients with MCS (117 women). We conducted a categorical Principal Component Analysis (CATPCA) with Varimax rotation on the checklist dataset. A typical triad was documented: hyperosmia, asthenia, and dyspnoea were the most common symptoms. Patients also frequently showed cough and headache. The CATPCA showed seven main factors: 1, neurocognitive symptoms; 2, physical (objective) symptoms; 3, gastrointestinal symptoms; 4, dermatological symptoms; 5, anxiety-depressive symptoms; 6, respiratory symptoms; 7, hyperosmia and asthenia. Patients showed higher mean prevalence of factors 7 (89.9%), 6 (71.7%), and 1 (62.13%). In conclusion, MCS patients frequently manifest hyperosmia, asthenia, and dyspnoea, which are often concomitant with other respiratory and neurocognitive symptoms. Considering the clinical association that is often made with anxiety, more studies are necessary on the psychosomatic aspects of this syndrome. Further analytical epidemiological studies are needed to support the formulation of aetiological hypotheses of MCS.","['D001008', 'D005260', 'D006801', 'D007558', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D018777', 'D025341']"
32890872,"Association between indoor microbiome exposure and sick building syndrome (SBS) in junior high schools of Johor Bahru, Malaysia.","Sick building syndrome (SBS) is a collection of nonspecific syndromes linked with the built environment. The occurrence of SBS is associated with humidity, ventilation, moulds and microbial compounds exposure. However, no study has reported the association between indoor microbiome and SBS. In this study, 308 students were surveyed for SBS symptoms from 21 classrooms of 7 junior high schools from Johor Bahru, Malaysia, and vacuum dust from floor, desks and chairs was collected. High throughput amplicon sequencing (16S rRNA gene and ITS region) and quantitative PCR were conducted to characterize the absolute concentration of bacteria and fungi taxa. In total, 326 bacterial and 255 fungal genera were detected in dust with large compositional variation among classrooms. Also, half of these samples showed low compositional similarity to microbiome data deposited in the public database. The number of observed OTUs in Gammaproteobacteria was positively associated with SBS (p = 0.004). Eight microbial genera were associated with SBS (p < 0.01). Bacterial genera, Rhodomicrobium, Scytonema and Microcoleus, were protectively (negatively) associated with ocular and throat symptoms and tiredness, and Izhakiella and an unclassified genus from Euzebyaceae were positively associated with the throat and ocular symptoms. Three fungal genera, Polychaeton, Gympopus and an unclassified genus from Microbotryaceae, were mainly positively associated with tiredness. The associations differed with our previous study in microbial compounds (endotoxin and ergosterol) and SBS in the same population, in which nasal and dermal symptoms were affected. A higher indoor relative humidity and visible dampness or mould in classrooms were associated with a higher concentration of potential risk bacteria and a lower concentration of potential protective bacteria (p < 0.01). This is the first study to characterize the SBS-associated microorganisms in the indoor environment, revealing complex interactions between microbiome, SBS symptoms and environmental characteristics.","['D016902', 'D006801', 'D008296', 'D064307', 'D012336', 'D012574', 'D018877']"
32886843,"Effects of increased humidity on physiological responses, thermal comfort, perceived air quality, and Sick Building Syndrome symptoms at elevated indoor temperatures for subjects in a hot-humid climate.","Recently, studies suggest that the average indoor temperature is typically >30°C and that the maximum temperature can reach 37.5°C in hot-humid areas. However, the effects caused by increasing the humidity at high indoor temperatures are not clear. In this study, twelve female and twelve male subjects were exposed to different operative temperature (26.6, 30.6, and 37.4°C) and relative humidity (50% and 70%) in a climate chamber. Data concerning thermal sensation, perceived air quality, and Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) were collected during 190-min-long exposure to each thermal condition. Heart rate, respiration rate, respiratory ventilation rate, mean skin temperature, and eardrum temperature were measured. It was found that increasing the relative humidity from 50% to 70% at 26 and 30°C had no significant effects on the physiological responses, thermal comfort, perceived air quality, or SBS symptoms of the subjects. However, when the temperature was elevated to 37°C, the heart rate, respiration rate, respiratory ventilation rate, mean skin temperature, and eardrum temperature increased significantly as a result of the increase in the relative humidity from 50% to 70%. The subjects felt hotter and more uncomfortable, and they found indoor air quality was more difficult to accept. The subjects are acclimatized to hot environments and more tolerant to heat. Therefore, the results are applicable to the acclimated people living in hot-humid climate.","['D000064', 'D000328', 'D000397', 'D016902', 'D001831', 'D002980', 'D005260', 'D006358', 'D006801', 'D006813', 'D008297', 'D018877', 'D012881', 'D013647', 'D013696', 'D013697', 'D014691', 'D017132', 'D055815']"
32828657,[What scientific evidence do the current classifications have in order to assess occupational disability in patients with central sensitisation syndrome?].,"Central sensitisation syndrome includes disorders such as fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple chemical sensitivity, and electromagnetic sensitivity syndrome. These disorders have been acquiring both medical and social relevance due to the increase in prevalence, the absence of a curative treatment, the limitations they cause, and the high healthcare costs they involve. Furthermore, all of them share an unknown aetiology and the absence of objective parameters to establish their diagnosis and severity. Multiple methods and classifications have been proposed to graduate the disability of these patients, but currently none of them have obtained sufficient evidence.","['D059333', 'D006233', 'D015673', 'D005356', 'D006801', 'D018777']"
32827411,Two Cases of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Successfully Treated With Kampo Medicine.,"Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a chronic disorder in which minimal but sustained exposure to particular chemicals causes headaches, vertigo, and multiple other symptoms. Up to 10% of cases are clinically unresponsive to treatment. Kampo medicines include multiple crude components with many applications for organ disorders.","['D004781', 'D005260', 'D006801', 'D007564', 'D020835', 'D018777', 'D011795']"
32806543,Associations of Preconception Exposure to Air Pollution and Greenness with Offspring Asthma and Hay Fever.,"We investigated if greenness and air pollution exposure in parents' childhood affect offspring asthma and hay fever, and if effects were mediated through parental asthma, pregnancy greenness/pollution exposure, and offspring exposure. We analysed 1106 parents with 1949 offspring (mean age 35 and 6) from the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, Spain and Australia (RHINESSA) generation study. Mean particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC), ozone (O3) (µg/m3) and greenness (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)) were calculated for parents 0-18 years old and offspring 0-10 years old, and were categorised in tertiles. We performed logistic regression and mediation analyses for two-pollutant models (clustered by family and centre, stratified by parental lines, and adjusted for grandparental asthma and education). Maternal medium PM2.5 and PM10 exposure was associated with higher offspring asthma risk (odds ratio (OR) 2.23, 95%CI 1.32-3.78, OR 2.27, 95%CI 1.36-3.80), and paternal high BC exposure with lower asthma risk (OR 0.31, 95%CI 0.11-0.87). Hay fever risk increased for offspring of fathers with medium O3 exposure (OR 4.15, 95%CI 1.28-13.50) and mothers with high PM10 exposure (OR 2.66, 95%CI 1.19-5.91). The effect of maternal PM10 exposure on offspring asthma was direct, while for hay fever, it was mediated through exposures in pregnancy and offspring's own exposures. Paternal O3 exposure had a direct effect on offspring hay fever. To conclude, parental exposure to air pollution appears to influence the risk of asthma and allergies in future offspring.","['D000293', 'D000393', 'D000397', 'D001249', 'D001315', 'D002648', 'D002675', 'D004777', 'D004781', 'D005060', 'D005260', 'D006801', 'D007223', 'D007231', 'D008297', 'D000072741', 'D009585', 'D052638', 'D018812', 'D047489', 'D011247', 'D006255', 'D013030']"
32777274,Prospective study of nocebo effects related to symptoms of idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields (IEI-EMF).,"The exact causes of Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance Attributed to Electromagnetic Fields (IEI-EMF, i.e., experience of somatic symptoms attributed to low-level electromagnetic fields) are still unknown. Psychological causation such as nocebo effects seem plausible. This study aimed to experimentally induce a nocebo effect for somatic symptom perception and examined whether it was reproducible after one week. We also examined whether these effects were associated with increased sympathetic activity and whether interoceptive accuracy (IAcc) moderated these relationships. Participants were recruited from the general population and instructed that electromagnetic exposure can enhance somatosensory perception. They participated twice in a cued exposure experiment with tactile stimulation and sham WiFi exposure in 50% of trials. The two sessions were scheduled one week apart (session 1: N = 65, session 2: N = 63). Before session 1, participants watched either a 6-min film on adverse health effects of EMF or a neutral film on trade of mobile phones. IAcc was assessed with the heartbeat detection paradigm. Electrodermal activity served as a measure of sympathetic activation. Evidence for a nocebo effect (i.e., increased self-reported intensity and aversiveness and electrodermal activity) during sham WiFi exposure was observed in both sessions. IAcc moderated the nocebo effect, depending on stimulus intensity. Contrary to previous findings, no difference emerged between the health-related EMF and the neutral films. Based on negative instructions, somatic perception and physiological responding can be altered. This is consistent with the assumption that IEI-EMF could be due to nocebo effects, suggesting an important role for psychological interventions.","['D004574', 'D006801', 'D000071896', 'D018777', 'D064786', 'D011446']"
32760082,Moving to productivity: The benefits of healthy buildings.,"Health is a critical factor for the generation of value by workers. Companies bear substantial costs associated with absenteeism and presenteeism among their employees. This study investigates the impact of the environmental conditions in the workplace on the health and job satisfaction of employees, as core factors of productivity. We provide evidence based on a natural experiment, in which 70% of the workforce of a municipality in the Netherlands was relocated to a building with a design focused on sustainability and health and well-being. We construct a longitudinal dataset based on individual surveys of the entire municipality workforce and include measures before and after the move. The estimation results show a significant improvement in the perceived environmental conditions, as well as in the health and well-being of the relocated workers, measured by the drop in incidence of sick building syndrome symptoms. Results are heterogeneous based on age: older groups of employees enjoy larger health impacts. The relocation effects remain persistent in the medium term (two years after the moving date). Importantly, a mediation analysis suggests that the achieved improvements in health and well-being lead to significantly enhanced job satisfaction and a 2% reduction in the prevalence of sick leave.","['D000041', 'D000328', 'D005160', 'D005260', 'D006304', 'D006801', 'D015994', 'D007588', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D009426', 'D016272', 'D000069597', 'D018877', 'D018582', 'D000076502', 'D017132']"
32737151,"Maternal preconception and first trimester exposure to PM10 and the risk of oral clefts in offspring: a population-based, case-control study.",Current literature describes limited and controversial evidence on the associations between maternal preconception and first trimester exposure to particulate matter with a diameter ≤10 µm (PM10) and the risk of oral cleft (OC).,"['D000397', 'D016022', 'D002681', 'D002972', 'D004781', 'D005260', 'D006801', 'D016015', 'D052638', 'D047489', 'D011247', 'D011261', 'D012307']"
32730039,Study of the Correlation Between Multiple Chemical Sensitivity and Personality Using the Quick Environmental Exposure Sensitivity Inventory Questionnaire and the Temperament and Character Inventory.,"We conducted an analysis using the Quick Environmental Exposure Sensitivity Inventory to examine the correlation between multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) and personality traits by using temperament and character inventory, and environmental exposures.","['D000328', 'D002605', 'D004781', 'D005260', 'D006801', 'D007564', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D018777', 'D000073397', 'D010551', 'D010555', 'D015995', 'D012307', 'D012737']"
38956039,Cyprocide selectively kills nematodes via cytochrome P450 bioactivation.,"Left unchecked, plant-parasitic nematodes have the potential to devastate crops globally. Highly effective but non-selective nematicides are justifiably being phased-out, leaving farmers with limited options for managing nematode infestation. Here, we report our discovery of a 1,3,4-oxadiazole thioether scaffold called Cyprocide that selectively kills nematodes including diverse species of plant-parasitic nematodes. Cyprocide is bioactivated into a lethal reactive electrophilic metabolite by specific nematode cytochrome P450 enzymes. Cyprocide fails to kill organisms beyond nematodes, suggesting that the targeted lethality of this pro-nematicide derives from P450 substrate selectivity. Our findings demonstrate that Cyprocide is a selective nematicidal scaffold with broad-spectrum activity that holds the potential to help safeguard our global food supply.","['D000818', 'D003577', 'D009348', 'D000969', 'D013440']"
38954627,"A Prospective, Multicenter, Evaluator-Blinded, Randomized Study of Diluted Calcium Hydroxylapatite to Treat Decollete Wrinkles.","Calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) dermal filler is used for a variety of aesthetic treatments; however, the safety and effectiveness of diluted CaHA for the treatment of d&eacute;collet&eacute; wrinkles have not been established.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D015595', 'D017886', 'D011446', 'D008875', 'D000067548', 'D016896', 'D003357', 'D000328', 'D016037', 'D000368']"
38954233,"Characterization and utilization potential of typical molybdenum tailings in Shaanxi Province, China.","Shaanxi Province is located in the most important molybdenum ore district in the world, but a lot of molybdenum tailings have been released, polluting the environment and wasting resources seriously. Taking eleven tailing samples collected at the main molybdenum tailings ponds in Shaanxi Province as the research object, the physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics were studied through scanning electron microscope, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, and others. The ecological risk and utilization potential of molybdenum tailings were investigated through leaching test, geo-accumulation index, potential ecological risk assessment, and other methods. The results demonstrated that the main chemical and mineralogical composition of various molybdenum tailings in Shaanxi Province is similar, and the predominant mineral composition is muscovite, quartz, microcline, and calcite. The potential ecological risk of heavy metals in six molybdenum tailings is high, while Pb and Cd are the main pollution risk elements. Molybdenum tailings contain considerable amounts of critical minerals with huge potential economic value, and molybdenum tailings with high environmental hazards could be converted into a possible source for critical minerals by recovering the critical minerals and repurposing the secondary tailings as an additive or cement substitute. This study provides an innovative idea for the pollution treatment of molybdenum tailings and indicates the prospect of molybdenum tailings as a secondary source for critical minerals.","['D008982', 'D002681', 'D004784', 'D018570', 'D008906', 'D013052', 'D019216', 'D014961', 'D008855', 'D012989']"
38954124,Oxidation of antibiotic micropollutants in various water resources through integration of Bi2WO6 and g-C3N4.,"Recently, the hazardous effects of antibiotic micropollutants on the environment and human health have become a major concern. To address this challenge, semiconductor-based photocatalysis has emerged as a promising solution for environmental remediation. Our study has developed Bi2WO6/g-C3N4 (BWCN) photocatalyst with unique characteristics such as reactive surface sites, enhanced charge transfer efficiency, and accelerated separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. BWCN was utilized for the oxidation of tetracycline antibiotic (TCA) in different water sources. It displayed remarkable TCA removal efficiencies in the following order: surface water (99.8%) > sewage water (88.2%) > hospital water (80.7%). Further, reusability tests demonstrated sustained performance of BWCN after three cycles with removal efficiencies of 87.3, 71.2 and 65.9% in surface water, sewage, and hospital water, respectively. A proposed photocatalytic mechanism was delineated, focusing on the interaction between reactive radicals and TCA molecules. Besides, the transformation products generated during the photodegradation of TCA were determined, along with the discussion on the potential risk assessment of antibiotic pollutants. This study introduces an approach for utilizing BWCN photocatalyst, with promising applications in the treatment of TCA from various wastewater sources.","['D014874', 'D000900', 'D010084', 'D013752', 'D002384', 'D062065', 'D001729', 'D006108', 'D017672', 'D017973', 'D010782', 'D018508', 'D012722']"
38954100,Muscle oxygenation and pain in different types of temporomandibular disorders.,Studies exploring variations in peripheral muscle oxygenation and pressure pain thresholds (PPT) of masticatory muscles in individuals with Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs) are limited. The purpose of this study was to compare variations in peripheral oxygenation of the masseter muscle; PPT of the masseter and temporal muscles and correlate peripheral muscle oxygenation and PPT of the masseter muscle in individuals with different types of TMDs.,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D013705', 'D005260', 'D003430', 'D000328', 'D017288', 'D010147', 'D008406', 'D019265', 'D005157', 'D010100', 'D013703']"
38953416,The neuroprotective potential of magnesium in Parkinson's disease.,"Pathogenic mechanisms implicated in the development of Parkinson disease (PD) are multifaceted and include alpha synuclein aggregation, oxidative stress due to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, imbalance of trace elements as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation. Alteration in the homeostasis of bivalent cations, such as iron, magnesium and calcium, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. Low levels of magnesium have been associated with accelerated dopaminergic cell loss in animal PD models, and magnesium has been shown to have a neuroprotective effect in PD models. Evidence of a low magnesium level in the brain of PD individuals, with a low magnesium level in the diet, increasing the risk of PD, further strengthens the role of magnesium deficiency in the pathogenesis of PD. The presence of low-level magnesium in brain tissue and high level in CSF and serum support the possibility of dysfunctional magnesium transporters in PD. Indeed, variants in magnesium transport channels, such as TRPM7 and SLC41A1, have been recently detected in PD individuals. Magnesium, being an NMDA antagonist, could also have a therapeutic role in levodopa-induced dyskinesia. There are no clinical studies indicating a neuroprotective role of magnesium in PD, however, the Mediterranean diet and variants of the diet have been associated with a lower risk of PD, which may be due to the magnesium-rich constituents of the diet. Further clinical trials encompassing therapeutic models to optimize channel function, coupled with a high magnesium diet, may pave the way for promising neuroprotective intervention for PD.","['D006801', 'D008274', 'D010300', 'D018696', 'D000818']"
38953332,"Tentative identification of phytochelatins, their derivatives, and Cd-phytochelatin complexes in Ocimum basilicum L. roots by Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry.","An unprecedented and direct PS-MS (paper spray ionization mass spectrometry) method was proposed for the detection of native peptides, that is, glutathiones (GSHs), homoglutathiones (hGSHs), and phytochelatins (PCs), in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) roots before and after cadmium exposure. The roots were submitted to cold maceration followed by sonication with formic acid as the extractor solvent for sample preparation. PS-MS was used to analyze such extracts in the positive mode, and the results allowed for the detection of several GSHs, hGSHs, and PCs. Some of these PCs were not distinguished in the control samples, that is, basil roots not exposed to cadmium. Other PCs were noticed in both types of roots, uncontaminated and cadmium-contaminated, but the intensities were higher in the former samples. Moreover, long-time exposure to cadmium stimulated the formation of some of these PCs and their cadmium complexes. The results, therefore, provided some crucial insights into the defense mechanism of plants against an external stress condition due to exposure to a toxic heavy metal. The present study represents a promising alternative to investigate other crucial physiological processes in plants submitted to assorted stress conditions.","['D054811', 'D018517', 'D002104', 'D018649', 'D013058', 'D005978']"
38952976,"Combined uranium-series and electron spin resonance dating from the Pliocene fossil sites of Aves and Milo's palaeocaves, Bolt's Farm, Cradle of Humankind, South Africa.","Bolt's Farm is the name given to a series of non-hominin bearing fossil sites that have often been suggested to be some of the oldest Pliocene sites in the Cradle of Humankind, South Africa. This article reports the results of the first combined Uranium-Series and Electron Spin Resonance (US-ESR) dating of bovid teeth at Milo's Cave and Aves Cave at Bolt's Farm. Both tooth enamel fragments and tooth enamel powder ages were presented for comparison. US-ESR, EU and LU models are calculated. Overall, the powder ages are consistent with previous uranium-lead and palaeomagnetic age estimates for the Aves Cave deposit, which suggest an age between ~3.15 and 2.61 Ma and provide the first ages for Milo's Cave dates to between ~3.1 and 2.7 Ma. The final ages were not overly dependent on the models used (US-ESR, LU or EU), which all overlap within error. These ages are all consistent with the biochronological age estimate (<3.4->2.6 Ma) based on the occurrence of Stage I Metridiochoerus andrewsi. Preliminary palaeomagnetic analysis from Milo's Cave indicates a reversal takes place at the site with predominantly intermediate directions, suggesting the deposit may date to the period between ~3.03 and 3.11 Ma within error of the ESR ages. This further suggests that there are no definitive examples of palaeocave deposits at Bolt's Farm older than 3.2 Ma. This research indicates that US-ESR dating has the potential to date fossil sites in the Cradle of Humankind to over 3 Ma. However, bulk sample analysis for US-ESR dating is recommended for sites over 3 Ma.","['D013019', 'D005580', 'D004578', 'D014501', 'D055110', 'D000818', 'D059552', 'D014070', 'D003743']"
38952970,Comparative in-vivo bond failure rate of orthodontic brackets when bracket base is treated with micro-abrasive blasting vs. acid etching: eighteen month randomized control trial and scanning electron microscope study.,"The aim of this study was threefold. Firstly, it aimed to introduce and detail a novel method for chemically etching the bases of stainless-steel orthodontic brackets. Secondly, the study sought to investigate the structural alterations within the brackets' microstructure following chemical etching compared to those with sandblasted bases, using electron microscopy analysis. Lastly, the study aimed to evaluate and compare the long-term durability and survivability of orthodontic brackets with chemically etched bases versus those with sandblasted bases, both bonded using the conventional acid etch technique with Transbond XT adhesive, over an 18-month follow-up period.","['D016910', 'D006801', 'D000134', 'D008855', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D001840', 'D000293', 'D013499', 'D000328', 'D019279', 'D055815', 'D013193', 'D045662']"
38952401,Comparison of Tumor Non-specific and PD-L1 Specific Imaging by Near-Infrared Fluorescence/Cerenkov Luminescence Dual-Modality In-situ Imaging.,"Labeled antibodies are excellent imaging agents in oncology to non-invasively visualize cancer-related antigens expression levels. However, tumor tracer uptake (TTU) of specific antibodies in-vivo may be inferior to non-specific IgG in some cases.","['D000818', 'D060890', 'D008819', 'D006801', 'D051379', 'D045744', 'D061067', 'D061848', 'D007457', 'D009369', 'D007074', 'D005260', 'D049449']"
38952344,Unique regulatory network of dragon fruit simultaneously mitigates the effect of vanadium pollutant and environmental factors.,"Under changing climatic conditions, plants are simultaneously facing conflicting stresses in nature. Plants can sense different stresses, induce systematic ROS signals, and regulate transcriptomic, hormonal, and stomatal responses. We performed transcriptome analysis to reveal the integrative stress response regulatory mechanism underlying heavy metal stress alone or in combination with heat and drought conditions in pitaya (dragon fruit). A total of 70 genes were identified from 31,130 transcripts with conserved differential expression. Furthermore, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified trait-associated modules. By integrating information from three modules and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, we identified 10 interconnected genes associated with the multifaceted defense mechanism employed by pitaya against co-occurring stresses. To further confirm the reliability of the results, we performed a comparative analysis of 350 genes identified by three trait modules and 70 conserved genes exhibiting their dynamic expression under all treatments. Differential expression pattern of genes and comparative analysis, have proven instrumental in identifying ten putative structural genes. These ten genes were annotated as PLAT/LH2, CAT, MLP, HSP, PB1, PLA, NAC, HMA, and CER1 transcription factors involved in antioxidant activity, defense response, MAPK signaling, detoxification of metals and regulating the crosstalk between the complex pathways. Predictive analysis of putative candidate genes, potentially governing single, double, and multifactorial stress response, by several signaling systems and molecular patterns. These findings represent a valuable resource for pitaya breeding programs, offering the potential to develop resilient ""super pitaya"" plants.","['D018506', 'D053263', 'D005638', 'D014639', 'D013312', 'D032602', 'D010940', 'D060066', 'D020869', 'D055864', 'D059467', 'D029421']"
38952298,Multidirectional Fate Path Model to Connect Phosphorus Emissions with Freshwater Eutrophication Potential.,"Excessive anthropogenic phosphorus (P) emissions put constant pressure on aquatic ecosystems. This pressure can be quantified as the freshwater eutrophication potential (FEP) by linking P emissions, P fate in environmental compartments, and the potentially disappeared fraction of species due to increase of P concentrations in freshwater. However, previous fate modeling on global and regional scales is mainly based on the eight-direction algorithm without distinguishing pollution sources. The algorithm fails to characterize the fate paths of point-source emissions via subsurface pipelines and wastewater treatment infrastructure, and exhibits suboptimal performance in accounting for multidirectional paths caused by river bifurcations, especially in flat terrains. Here we aim to improve the fate modeling by incorporating various fate paths and addressing multidirectional scenarios. We also update the P estimates by complementing potential untreated point-source emissions (PSu). The improved method is examined in a rapidly urbanizing area in Taihu Lake Basin, China in 2017 at a spatial resolution of 100 m × 100 m. Results show that the contribution of PSu on FEP (62.6%) is greater than that on P emissions (58.5%). The FEP is more spatially widely distributed with the improved fate modeling, facilitating targeted regulatory strategies tailored to local conditions.","['D010758', 'D005068', 'D005618', 'D008962', 'D004784', 'D002681', 'D014874', 'D017753']"
38951908,Gestational exposure to organochlorine compounds and metals and infant birth weight: effect modification by maternal hardships.,"Gestational exposure to toxic environmental chemicals and maternal social hardships are individually associated with impaired fetal growth, but it is unclear whether the effects of environmental chemical exposure on infant birth weight are modified by maternal hardships.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D006843', 'D001724', 'D018811', 'D000328', 'D004785', 'D002170', 'D007231', 'D055815', 'D008670', 'D012959', 'D015331', 'D008297']"
38951790,Nanostructured ZnO thin film to enhance gutta-percha's adhesion to endodontic sealers.,"Gutta-percha (GP) combined with an endodontic sealer is still the core material most widely used for tridimensional obturation. The sealer acts as a bonding agent between the GP and the root dentinal walls. However, one of the main drawbacks of GP core material is the lack of adhesiveness to the sealer. ZnO thin films have many remarkable features due to their considerable bond strength, good optical quality, and excellent piezoelectric, antibacterial, and antifungal properties, offering many potential applications in various fields. This study aimed to explore the influence of GP surface's functionalization with a nanostructured ZnO thin film on its adhesiveness to endodontic sealers.","['D015034', 'D012387', 'D049329', 'D006171', 'D001840', 'D013499', 'D006801', 'D008422', 'D000268', 'D008855', 'D013718']"
38951669,Ocean warming and acidification adjust inter- and intra-specific variability in the functional trait expression of polar invertebrates.,"Climate change is known to affect the distribution and composition of species, but concomitant alterations to functionally important aspects of behaviour and species-environment relations are poorly constrained. Here, we examine the ecosystem ramifications of changes in sediment-dwelling invertebrate bioturbation behaviour-a key process mediating nutrient cycling-associated with near-future environmental conditions (+ 1.5 °C, 550 ppm [pCO2]) for species from polar regions experiencing rapid rates of climate change. We find that responses to warming and acidification vary between species and lead to a reduction in intra-specific variability in behavioural trait expression that adjusts the magnitude and direction of nutrient concentrations. Our analyses also indicate that species behaviour is not predetermined, but can be dependent on local variations in environmental history that set population capacities for phenotypic plasticity. We provide evidence that certain, but subtle, aspects of inter- and intra-specific variation in behavioural trait expression, rather than the presence or proportional representation of species per se, is an important and under-appreciated determinant of benthic biogeochemical responses to climate change. Such changes in species behaviour may act as an early warning for impending ecological transitions associated with progressive climate forcing.","['D000818', 'D007448', 'D057231', 'D009792', 'D017753', 'D012623', 'D006863', 'D057232', 'D002245']"
38951553,Microscale geometrical modulation of PIEZO1 mediated mechanosensing through cytoskeletal redistribution.,"The microgeometry of the cellular microenvironment profoundly impacts cellular behaviors, yet the link between it and the ubiquitously expressed mechanosensitive ion channel PIEZO1 remains unclear. Herein, we describe a fluorescent micropipette aspiration assay that allows for simultaneous visualization of intracellular calcium dynamics and cytoskeletal architecture in real-time, under varied micropipette geometries. By integrating elastic shell finite element analysis with fluorescent lifetime imaging microscopy and employing PIEZO1-specific transgenic red blood cells and HEK cell lines, we demonstrate a direct correlation between the microscale geometry of aspiration and PIEZO1-mediated calcium signaling. We reveal that increased micropipette tip angles and physical constrictions lead to a significant reorganization of F-actin, accumulation at the aspirated cell neck, and subsequently amplify the tension stress at the dome of the cell to induce more PIEZO1's activity. Disruption of the F-actin network or inhibition of its mobility leads to a notable decline in PIEZO1 mediated calcium influx, underscoring its critical role in cellular mechanosensing amidst geometrical constraints.","['D006801', 'D007473', 'D040542', 'D000199', 'D057809', 'D003599', 'D002118', 'D020013', 'D020342', 'D000818', 'D008856']"
38951545,Amyloid formation and depolymerization of tumor suppressor p16INK4a are regulated by a thiol-dependent redox mechanism.,"The conversion of a soluble protein into polymeric amyloid structures is a process that is poorly understood. Here, we describe a fully redox-regulated amyloid system in which cysteine oxidation of the tumor suppressor protein p16INK4a leads to rapid amyloid formation. We identify a partially-structured disulfide-bonded dimeric intermediate species that subsequently assembles into fibrils. The stable amyloid structures disassemble when the disulfide bond is reduced. p16INK4a is frequently mutated in cancers and is considered highly vulnerable to single-point mutations. We find that multiple cancer-related mutations show increased amyloid formation propensity whereas mutations stabilizing the fold prevent transition into amyloid. The complex transition into amyloids and their structural stability is therefore strictly governed by redox reactions and a single regulatory disulfide bond.","['D010084', 'D000682', 'D006801', 'D019941', 'D003545', 'D004220', 'D013438', 'D009154', 'D058105']"
38951540,Estimation of methane greenhouse gas emissions from livestock in Egypt during 1989 to 2021.,"This study investigates methane emissions from the livestock sector, representing by enteric fermentation and manure management, in Egypt from 1989 to 2021, focusing on spatial and temporal variations at the governorate level. Utilizing IPCC guidelines and emission factors, methane emissions were estimated for dairy and non-dairy cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat, poultry, and other livestock categories. Results reveal fluctuating emission patterns over the study period, with notable declines in certain governorates such as Kafr El-Sheikh and Red Sea, attributed to reductions in livestock populations. However, increasing trends were observed overall, driven by population growth in other regions. Hotspots of methane emissions were identified in delta governorates like Behera and Sharkia, as well as agriculturally rich regions including Menia and Suhag. While livestock populations varied between regions, factors such as water availability, climatic conditions, and farming practices influenced distribution. Notably, cluster analysis did not reveal regional clustering among governorates, suggesting emissions changes were not dependent on specific geographic or climatic boundaries. Manure management accounted for only 5-6% of total emissions, with emissions at their lowest in the last three years due to population declines. Despite the highest livestock populations being sheep and goats, emissions from enteric fermentation and manure management were highest from buffalo and cattle. This study underscores the importance of accurate data collection and adherence to IPCC recommendations for estimating GHG emissions, enabling the development of targeted mitigation strategies to address climate change challenges in the livestock sector.","['D000818', 'D004534', 'D008697', 'D000074382', 'D058751', 'D008372', 'D002417', 'D012756', 'D004784']"
38951539,Real-time observation of a metal complex-driven reaction intermediate using a porous protein crystal and serial femtosecond crystallography.,"Determining short-lived intermediate structures in chemical reactions is challenging. Although ultrafast spectroscopic methods can detect the formation of transient intermediates, real-space structures cannot be determined directly from such studies. Time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography (TR-SFX) has recently proven to be a powerful method for capturing molecular changes in proteins on femtosecond timescales. However, the methodology has been mostly applied to natural proteins/enzymes and limited to reactions promoted by synthetic molecules due to structure determination challenges. This work demonstrates the applicability of TR-SFX for investigations of chemical reaction mechanisms of synthetic metal complexes. We fix a light-induced CO-releasing Mn(CO)3 reaction center in porous hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) microcrystals. By controlling light exposure and time, we capture the real-time formation of Mn-carbonyl intermediates during the CO release reaction. The asymmetric protein environment is found to influence the order of CO release. The experimentally-observed reaction path agrees with quantum mechanical calculations. Therefore, our demonstration offers a new approach to visualize atomic-level reactions of small molecules using TR-SFX with real-space structure determination. This advance holds the potential to facilitate design of artificial metalloenzymes with precise mechanisms, empowering design, control and development of innovative reactions.","['D009113', 'D008345', 'D018360', 'D016062', 'D056831', 'D008958', 'D000818', 'D002248', 'D013997', 'D002645']"
38951530,Comparison of digital and analog [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT for detecting post-prostatectomy biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer patients: a prospective study.,"Digital positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has shown enhanced sensitivity and spatial resolution compared with analog PET/CT. The present study compared the diagnostic performance of digital and analog PET/CT with [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 in prostate cancer patients who experienced biochemical recurrence (BCR) after prostatectomy. Forty prostate cancer patients who experienced BCR, defined as serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations exceeding 0.2 ng/mL after prostatectomy, were prospectively recruited. These patients were stratified into three groups based on their serum PSA levels. [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 was injected into each patient, and images were acquired using both analog and digital PET/CT scanners. Analog and digital PET/CT showed comparable lesion detection rate (71.8% vs. 74.4%), sensitivity (85.0% vs. 90.0%), and positive predictive value (PPV, 100.0% vs. 100.0%). However, digital PET/CT detected more lesions (139 vs. 111) and had higher maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax, 14.3 vs. 10.3) and higher kappa index (0.657 vs. 0.502) than analog PET/CT, regardless of serum PSA levels. On both analog and digital PET/CT, lesion detection rates and interrater agreement increased with increasing serum PSA levels. Compared with analog PET/CT, digital PET/CT detected more lesions with a higher SUVmax and better interrater agreement in prostate cancer patients who experienced BCR after prostatectomy.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D011471', 'D011468', 'D000072078', 'D000368', 'D011446', 'D005710', 'D008875', 'D009364', 'D005709', 'D017430', 'D004492', 'D009842']"
38951524,Impacts of ocean warming on fish size reductions on the world's hottest coral reefs.,"The impact of ocean warming on fish and fisheries is vigorously debated. Leading theories project limited adaptive capacity of tropical fishes and 14-39% size reductions by 2050 due to mass-scaling limitations of oxygen supply in larger individuals. Using the world's hottest coral reefs in the Persian/Arabian Gulf as a natural laboratory for ocean warming - where species have survived >35.0 °C summer temperatures for over 6000 years and are 14-40% smaller at maximum size compared to cooler locations - we identified two adaptive pathways that enhance survival at elevated temperatures across 10 metabolic and swimming performance metrics. Comparing Lutjanus ehrenbergii and Scolopsis ghanam from reefs both inside and outside the Persian/Arabian Gulf across temperatures of 27.0 °C, 31.5 °C and 35.5 °C, we reveal that these species show a lower-than-expected rise in basal metabolic demands and a right-shifted thermal window, which aids in maintaining oxygen supply and aerobic performance to 35.5 °C. Importantly, our findings challenge traditional oxygen-limitation theories, suggesting a mismatch in energy acquisition and demand as the primary driver of size reductions. Our data support a modified resource-acquisition theory to explain how ocean warming leads to species-specific size reductions and why smaller individuals are evolutionarily favored under elevated temperatures.","['D000818', 'D057894', 'D049628', 'D057232', 'D009792', 'D005399', 'D019156', 'D010100', 'D013696', 'D006358', 'D005398']"
38951364,"Bioavailable fractions of heavy metals in the road dust during infrastructure construction at urban Coimbatore and its potential health implications, India.","Over the past two decades the Global South is witnessing unprecedented economic transformation and Asian Cities in particular have a remarkable upsurge. Coimbatore, an industrial city in Southern India with an estimated population of 2 million (in 2022) is witnessing a rapid transition in terms of infrastructure development. In this context, the present study attempts to assess the particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) emissions at road network construction sites and the heavy metal fractionation in the road dust/sediment samples with a core focus to quantify the bioavailable fraction of metals (Fe, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb and Ni) and its source apportionment in the road side dust/sediment samples. About 60 composite road dust/sediment samples were collected for heavy metal fractionation analysis in the six arterial roads that undergo core developments like construction of road over bridges, additional road incorporation and street expansions. PM monitoring revealed that 24 h average PM2.5 (47 µg/m3) and PM10 (69 µg/m3) concentrations at many construction sites exceeded 24 h average recommended by WHO guidelines [PM2.5 (15 µg/m3) and PM10 (45 µg/m3), respectively]. The bioavailable fractions of Fe, Cu, Cr and Cd are notably higher in the roadside sediment samples at road construction sites. Health Risk assessment, such as carcinogenic risks (Children-4.41 × 10-2, Adult-3.598 × 10-6) and non-carcinogenic risks, inferred substantial risks at high intensity construction sites with statistical analyses, including PCA and cluster analysis, indicating considerable anthropogenic influences in the heavy metal fractions.","['D019216', 'D007194', 'D004391', 'D006801', 'D052638', 'D000393', 'D018570', 'D004784', 'D002947', 'D002648', 'D004781', 'D019015']"
38951320,ROS and Ca2+ signaling involved in important lipid changes of Chlorella pyrenoidosa under nitrogen stress conditions.,"Nitrogen stress altered important lipid parameters and related genes in Chlorella pyrenoidosa via ROS and Ca2+ signaling. The mutual interference between ROS and Ca2+ signaling was also uncovered. The changed mechanisms of lipid parameters (especially lipid classes and unsaturation of fatty acids) in microalgae are not completely well known under nitrogen stress. Therefore, Chlorella pyrenoidosa was exposed to 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g L-1 NaNO3 for 4 days. Then, the physiological and biochemical changes were measured. It was shown that the total lipid contents, neutral lipid ratios as well as their related genes (accD and DGAT) increased obviously while the polar lipid ratios, degrees of unsaturation as well as their related genes (PGP and desC) decreased significantly in nitrogen stress groups. The obvious correlations supported that gene expressions should be the necessary pathways to regulate the lipid changes in C. pyrenoidosa under nitrogen stress. The changes in ROS and Ca2+ signaling as well as their significant correlations with corresponding genes and lipid parameters were analyzed. The results suggested that ROS and Ca2+ may regulate these gene expressions and lipid changes in C. pyrenoidosa under nitrogen stress conditions. This was verified by the subordinate tests with an ROS inhibitor and calcium reagents. It also uncovered the clues of mutual interference between ROS and Ca2+ signaling. To summarize, this study revealed the signaling pathways of important lipid changes in microalgae under N stress.","['D002708', 'D017382', 'D009584', 'D013312', 'D050356', 'D002118', 'D008055', 'D020013', 'D015398', 'D058086']"
38951317,A sensitive gold nanoflower-based lateral flow assay coupled with gold staining technique for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen.,"An enhanced lateral flow assay (LFA) is presented for rapid and highly sensitive detection of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigens with gold nanoflowers (Au NFs) as signaling markers and gold enhancement to amplify the signal intensities. First, the effect of the morphology of gold nanomaterials on the sensitivity of LFA detection was investigated. The results showed that Au NFs prepared by the seed growth method showed a 5-fold higher detection sensitivity than gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) of the same particle size, which may benefit from the higher extinction coefficient and larger specific surface area of Au NFs. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the Au NFs-based LFA exhibited a detection limit (LOD) of 25 pg mL-1 for N protein using 135 nm Au NFs as the signaling probes. The signal was further amplified by using a gold enhancement strategy, and the LOD for the detection of N protein achieved was 5 pg mL-1. The established LFA also exhibited good repeatability and stability and showed applicability in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.","['D006046', 'D000086402', 'D057230', 'D053768', 'D006801', 'D000956', 'D000086462', 'D010750', 'D000086382', 'D007118', 'D000087124']"
38951279,Deciphering molecular regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) signalling networks in Oryza genus amid environmental stress.,"The Oryza genus, containing Oryza sativa L., is quintessential to sustain global food security. This genus has a lot of sophisticated molecular mechanisms to cope with environmental stress, particularly during vulnerable stages like flowering. Recent studies have found key involvements and genetic modifications that increase resilience to stress, including exogenous application of melatonin, allantoin, and trehalose as well as OsSAPK3 and OsAAI1 in the genetic realm. Due to climate change and anthropogenic reasons, there is a rise in sea level which raises a concern of salinity stress. It is tackled through osmotic adjustment and ion homeostasis, mediated by genes like P5CS, P5CR, GSH1, GSH2, and SPS, and ion transporters like NHX, NKT, and SKC, respectively. Oxidative damage is reduced by a complex action of antioxidants, scavenging RONS. A complex action of genes mediates cold stress with studies highlighting the roles of OsWRKY71, microRNA2871b, OsDOF1, and OsICE1. There is a need to research the mechanism of action of proteins like OsRbohA in ROS control and the action of regulatory genes in stress response. This is highly relevant due to the changing climate which will raise a lot of environmental changes that will adversely affect production and global food security if certain countermeasures are not taken. Overall, this study aims to unravel the molecular intricacies of ROS and RNS signaling networks in Oryza plants under stress conditions, with the ultimate goal of informing strategies for enhancing stress tolerance and crop performance in this important agricultural genus.","['D012275', 'D017382', 'D015398', 'D013312', 'D026361', 'D018506', 'D010940']"
38951278,"Risk assessment of cigarette butts and microplastic pollution in a drinking and irrigation water basin of West Anatolia, Türkiye.","Cigarette butts (CBs) and Microplastics (MPs) have serious harmful effects on the environment and living organisms despite their small size. This research aims to investigate the abundance and pollution status of CBs and MPs in Tahtalı Dam Basin (West Anatolia, Türkiye) which is the most important drinking and irrigation water resources. Clean Environment Index (CEI) and Cigarette Butt Pollution Index (CBPI) were used to determine pollution degree of the basin. The total number of CBs were 1.478 items, the total number of MPs were 477 items/m2 in the basin. As a result of this study, MP particles weren't found in Balaban Stream. Highest number of MP particles observed in 100-250 μm (45%) size class. The most abundant MP type and colour were, fragment (54%) and white (42%), respectively. Polyethylene terephthalate (50%) was the most abundant type of polymer according to the ATR- FTIR analysis. As a result of the CEI and CBPI, the upstream stations of the stream were classified as ""clean"" status, while downstream sampling points of the stream and Balaban Lake coasts were classified as ""extremely dirty"" status. The calculated volumes of MP particulates from mining facility, agricultural and recreational activities indicate that anthropogenic factors are the most important MP source in the Tahtalı Dam Basin. This study is the first study about MP and CB pollution of the freshwater ecosystems in the region.","['D014421', 'D014874', 'D004784', 'D000080545', 'D018570', 'D060766', 'D057914', 'D045483']"
38951266,Covalent post-synthetic modification of MOFs as a fluorescent sensor for the efficient detection of the biomarker of cystinuria.,"Cystinuria is a genetic disorder, and in severe cases, it might lead to kidney failure. As an important biomarker for cystinuria, the level of arginine (Arg) in urine is a vital indicator for cystinuria screening. Therefore, it is urgently needed to detect Arg with high selectivity and sensitivity. In this work, a boric acid functionalized Zr-based metal-organic framework UiO-PhbA is prepared by grafting phenylboronic acid on UiO-66-NH2 through a Schiff base reaction using a covalent post-synthesis modification (CPSM) strategy. The prepared UiO-PhbA exhibits a sensitive and specific fluorescence ""turn-on"" response to Arg and can be exploited to detect Arg in human serum and urine samples with a broad linear range of 0.6-350 µM and low limit of detection (LOD) of 18.45 nM. This study provides a new and reliable rapid screening protocol for sulfite oxidase deficiency-related diseases.","['D006801', 'D003555', 'D000073396', 'D005456', 'D001120', 'D057230', 'D015415', 'D001897', 'D013050', 'D015040']"
38951754,Short stature and vaginal dinoprostone as independent predictors of composite maternal-newborn adverse outcomes in induction of labor after one previous cesarean: a retrospective cohort study.,"The rates of labor induction and cesarean delivery is rising worldwide. With the confluence of these trends, the labor induction rate in trials of labor after cesarean can be as high as 27-32.7%. Induction of labor after one previous cesarean (IOLAC) is a high-risk procedure mainly due to the higher risk of uterine rupture. Nevertheless, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists considers IOLAC as an option in motivated and informed women in the appropriate care setting. We sought to identify predictors of a composite of maternal and newborn adverse outcomes following IOLAC.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D007751', 'D012189', 'D000328', 'D015232', 'D016064', 'D007231', 'D010120', 'D000282', 'D011256', 'D002585', 'D008296', 'D012307']"
38951751,Cuticle deposition ceases during strawberry fruit development.,"Ideally, the barrier properties of a fruit's cuticle persist throughout its development. This presents a challenge for strawberry fruit, with their rapid development and thin cuticles. The objective was to establish the developmental time course of cuticle deposition in strawberry fruit.","['D031985', 'D005638', 'D014885', 'D008563', 'D018506', 'D010940']"
38950110,Apolipoprotein B: Bridging the Gap Between Evidence and Clinical Practice.,"Despite data suggesting that apolipoprotein B (apoB) measurement outperforms low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level measurement in predicting atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk, apoB measurement has not become widely adopted into routine clinical practice. One barrier for use of apoB measurement is lack of consistent guidance for clinicians on how to interpret and apply apoB results in clinical context. Whereas guidelines have often provided clear low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets or triggers to initiate treatment change, consistent targets for apoB are lacking. In this review, we synthesize existing data regarding the epidemiology of apoB by comparing guideline recommendations regarding use of apoB measurement, describing population percentiles of apoB relative to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, summarizing studies of discordance between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apoB levels, and evaluating apoB levels in clinical trials of lipid-lowering therapy to guide potential treatment targets. We propose evidence-guided apoB thresholds for use in cholesterol management and clinical care.","['D006801', 'D001055', 'D008078', 'D017410', 'D002318', 'D015415', 'D050197', 'D053299']"
38949740,The benefits of flushing with Lemuru fish oil as a source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on the performance of reproductive parameters in Garut ewes.,"This study aimed to evaluate and analyze the effects of a flushing diet containing Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from Lemuru (Sardinella sp) fish oil on the reproductive performance parameters of Garut ewes. Forty (n = 40) primiparous Garut ewes aged 12-14 months with an average body weight of 28.92 ± 4.94 kg were assigned into four experimental treatment groups. The experimental diets contained roughage: concentrate (30:70%) designated as control concentrate (CNT), flushing concentrate with 6% palm oil (PO), flushing concentrate with 3% palm oil mixed with 3% lemuru oil as DHA and EPA sources (PFO), and flushing concentrate with the addition of 6% lemuru oil (FO). Treatment animals were fed two weeks before and after conception and parturition (8 weeks of total flushing treatment). The addition of fish oil at either 3% (PFO) or 6% (FO) resulted in significantly higher reproductive performance of ewes by increasing the litter size, as reflected by the birth of multiple kids (P < 0.05) compared to CNT and PO. Adding fish oil (PFO and FO) also maintains gestation, resulting in increased lamb yield, especially in the FO treatment, which yields the highest lamb yield (0% single lamb birth). The lamb male ratio was also higher with fish oil supplementation (PFO and PO) (P < 0.05). This research revealed a positive effect of 6% Lemuru oil on decreasing embryo loss and increasing the proportion of twin births. These findings thus support the hypothesis that ration flushing with double the required DHA and EPA from 6% Lemuru fish oil (FO) resulted in significantly higher reproductive performance in Garut sheep.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D015118', 'D004281', 'D005395', 'D000821', 'D019587', 'D012098', 'D004032', 'D034561', 'D011247']"
38948984,Comparative efficacy of tocotrienol and tocopherol (vitamin E) on atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in humans.,To compare the efficacy of tocotrienol and tocopherol in the management of patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.,"['D006801', 'D024508', 'D050197', 'D024505', 'D000975', 'D002318', 'D050171', 'D002784']"
38948168,Malondialdehyde and Zinc May Relate to Severity of Microvascular Complications in Diabetes: A Preliminary Study on Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Northeast China.,"Serum trace elements and oxidative stress factors are related to diabetic microvascular complications. The study was to investigate the complex relationship between trace elements, oxidative stress factors, and the severity of microvascular complications of diabetes in older adults.","['D006801', 'D003924', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D015032', 'D002681', 'D018384', 'D008315', 'D013482', 'D008875', 'D001786', 'D012307', 'D003925', 'D006442', 'D009569', 'D000975', 'D008274', 'D008055', 'D014131', 'D012720']"
38948056,PRL1 and PRL3 promote macropinocytosis via its lipid phosphatase activity.,"PRL1 and PRL3, members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family, have been associated with cancer metastasis and poor prognosis. Despite extensive research on their protein phosphatase activity, their potential role as lipid phosphatases remains elusive. Methods: We conducted comprehensive investigations to elucidate the lipid phosphatase activity of PRL1 and PRL3 using a combination of cellular assays, biochemical analyses, and protein interactome profiling. Functional studies were performed to delineate the impact of PRL1/3 on macropinocytosis and its implications in cancer biology. Results: Our study has identified PRL1 and PRL3 as lipid phosphatases that interact with phosphoinositide (PIP) lipids, converting PI(3,4)P2 and PI(3,5)P2 into PI(3)P on the cellular membranes. These enzymatic activities of PRLs promote the formation of membrane ruffles, membrane blebbing and subsequent macropinocytosis, facilitating nutrient extraction, cell migration, and invasion, thereby contributing to tumor development. These enzymatic activities of PRLs promote the formation of membrane ruffles, membrane blebbing and subsequent macropinocytosis. Additionally, we found a correlation between PRL1/3 expression and glioma development, suggesting their involvement in glioma progression. Conclusions: Combining with the knowledge that PRLs have been identified to be involved in mTOR, EGFR and autophagy, here we concluded the physiological role of PRL1/3 in orchestrating the nutrient sensing, absorbing and recycling via regulating macropinocytosis through its lipid phosphatase activity. This mechanism could be exploited by tumor cells facing a nutrient-depleted microenvironment, highlighting the potential therapeutic significance of targeting PRL1/3-mediated macropinocytosis in cancer treatment.","['D010873', 'D017027', 'D006801', 'D045744', 'D000818', 'D009363', 'D002465', 'D051379', 'D002462', 'D010716', 'D008565', 'D018797']"
38947312,Severe thermal and major traumatic injury results in elevated plasma concentrations of total heme that are associated with poor clinical outcomes and systemic immune suppression.,"Traumatic and thermal injuries result in a state of systemic immune suppression, yet the mechanisms that underlie its development are poorly understood. Released from injured muscle and lysed red blood cells, heme is a damage associated molecular pattern with potent immune modulatory properties. Here, we measured plasma concentrations of total heme in over 200 traumatic and thermally-injured patients in order to examine its relationship with clinical outcomes and post-injury immune suppression.","['D006801', 'D006418', 'D002056', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D016207', 'D014947', 'D055815', 'D000368', 'D000074084', 'D007963', 'D015415', 'D008070', 'D051547']"
38946402,Mesangial cell-derived CircRNAs in chronic glomerulonephritis: RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.,"Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been shown to play critical roles in the initiation and progression of chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN), while their role from mesangial cells in contributing to the pathogenesis of CGN is rarely understood. Our study aims to explore the potential functions of mesangial cell-derived circRNAs using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and bioinformatics analysis.","['D000079962', 'D000818', 'D019295', 'D051379', 'D050527', 'D005921', 'D017423', 'D053263', 'D012333', 'D060066', 'D002908', 'D016207', 'D008070', 'D020869', 'D004195']"
38946256,Binary and quaternary mixtures of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) differentially affect the immune response to influenza A virus infection.,"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic organofluorine compounds that persist indefinitely in the environment and bioaccumulate throughout all trophic levels. Biomonitoring efforts have detected multiple PFAS in the serum of most people. Immune suppression has been among the most consistent effects of exposure to PFAS. PFAS often co-occur as mixtures in the environment, however, few studies have examined immunosuppression of PFAS mixtures or determined whether PFAS exposure affects immune function in the context of infection. In this study, mixtures containing two or four different PFAS and a mouse model of infection with influenza A virus (IAV) were used to assess immunotoxicity of PFAS mixtures. PFAS were administered via the drinking water as either a binary mixture of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) or quaternary mixture of PFOS, PFOA, perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA). The results indicated that the binary mixture affected the T-cell response, while the quaternary mixture affected the B-cell response to infection. These findings indicate that the immunomodulatory effects of PFAS mixtures are not simply additive, and that the sensitivity of immune responses to PFAS varies by cell type and mixture. The study also demonstrates the importance of studying adverse health effects of PFAS mixtures.","['D005466', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D009980', 'D017738', 'D009976', 'D002210', 'D006801', 'D005260', 'D008810', 'D007251', 'D004195', 'D013601']"
38945927,"Koji Mold-derived Lipids Disrupt the Intracellular Redox State by Decreasing the GPx4 and Intracellular Glutathione Levels, Promoting Membrane Lipid Peroxidation, and Inducing Ferroptosis in HL-60 Cells.","In this study, we evaluated the cancer cell killing activity of koji mold-derived extracts using several solvents. The koji mold lipid extract (KML) exhibited potent cytotoxicity against a human leukemia cell line. Fractionation of the KML via silica gel chromatography revealed the presence of active components in fraction (Fr.) 6. Cytotoxic effects of Fr. 6 were inhibited by the ferroptosis inhibitors, ferrostatin-1 and SRS11-92, and the iron chelator, deferoxamine. Interestingly, ferroptosis inhibitors failed to prevent the KML-induced cell death. Fr. 6 decreased the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) and increased the level of peroxidized plasma membrane lipids. Furthermore, Fr. 6 decreased the intracellular glutathione levels. Overall, our results suggest that Fr. 6 included in KML induces ferroptosis in HL-60 cells.","['D006801', 'D018922', 'D000080662', 'D000079403', 'D015227', 'D005978', 'D010084', 'D003676', 'D003514', 'D008055', 'D010655', 'D008563', 'D007502']"
38945926,Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of MLM-type Structured Lipid Using Grapeseed Oil and Capric Acid.,"The objectives were to optimize the reaction conditions for C10:0 incorporation into grapeseed (GS) oil, characterize the structured lipid (SL) product, and study the changes in antioxidant activity of the SL. Taguchi method was used to optimize C10:0 incorporation by combining parameters in a total of 9 experiments. Lipozyme ® RM IM (Rhizomucor miehei immobilized lipase) and Lipozyme ® 435 (Candida antarctica recombinant immobilized lipase) were used as biocatalysts for the acidolysis reactions. C10:0 incorporation and triacylglycerol (TAG) species of the SL were analyzed to determine optimal conditions and enzyme type that gave higher incorporation. The optimal conditions were the same for both enzymes as follows: substrate molar ratio 1:3 (GS oil: C10:0), enzyme load 5% (w/w) of substrates, temperature 65℃, and time 12 h. HPLC analysis of SL gave MLM-type TAG species of 11.51±0.11 mol% and 12.68±0.34 mol% for Lipozyme ® RM IM and Lipozyme ® 435, respectively. GC analysis indicated that C10:0 incorporated at the sn-1,3 positions of the SL were 46.03±0.55 mol% and 47.28±1.22 mol%, respectively, for Lipozyme ® RM IM and Lipozyme ® 435. However, the total C10:0 incorporated into TAG species with Lipozyme ® RM IM was significantly higher (60.08±0.04 mol%) compared to 50.78±0.44 mol% for Lipozyme ® 435. Scaled-up (300 g) acidolysis reaction and characterization were done on SL synthesized using Lipozyme ® RM IM. SL reaction product was purified using short path distillation and fully characterized in terms of lipid classes, tocopherol, thermal behavior, and oxidative stability. The yield of purified scaled-up SL after short path distillation (SPD) was 72.96 wt%. The antioxidant in SL was reduced after SPD due to loss of tocopherols. This MLM-type-SL synthesized within 12 h using Lipozyme ® RM IM had a high content of C10:0 and may have functional and health benefits.","['D008049', 'D004800', 'D020103', 'D000975', 'D003652', 'D014280', 'D010938', 'D055162', 'D013696', 'D013997', 'D001487']"
38945925,"Combined Effect of Protease, Hemicellulase and Pectinase on the Quality of Hemp Seed Oil (Cannabis sativa L.) Obtained by Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction as an Eco-friendly Method.","The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) to obtain oil from hemp seeds (Cannabis sativa L.) grown in northern Morocco. Optimisation of AEE extraction parameters, including pH, enzyme concentration (hemicellulase, protease and pectinase), temperature and incubation time, to maximize oil yield was achieved using response surface methodology with a central composite design. For comparison, the solvent extraction (Soxhlet) (SE) method was also used. Optimized hydrolysis conditions involved incubation for 4 hours at 60°C with a pH of 6.5, using a multi-enzyme preparation comprising protease, hemicellulase and pectinase at concentrations of 55, 202.5 and 234 U/mg, respectively. Referring to the conventional Soxhlet extraction (SE), Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction (AEE) achieved a 30.65% oil recovery rate under the optimized parameters mentioned above. The use of enzymes produced an oil that was more stable against oxidation than the solvent-extracted oil, with a peroxide value (PV) of 19.54 and 47.87 meq O 2 /kg, respectively. Furthermore, HPLC-DAD analysis of tocopherol content indicated a higher total tocopherol content (547.2 mg/kg) in Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction (AEE) compared to Soxhlet Extraction (SE) (513.51 mg/kg), with γ-tocopherol being the predominant form. No significant differences in fatty acid composition were observed between the two extraction methods with linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid being the predominant constituents.","['D002188', 'D011096', 'D010938', 'D006026', 'D012639', 'D010447', 'D006868', 'D059625', 'D063427', 'D014867', 'D024505', 'D006863', 'D013696', 'D012997', 'D055772']"
38945924,Persistence of the Antibacterial and Antiviral Effects after Skin Cleansing ~A New Approach to Suppress the Contact Infection~.,"Handwashing represents an important personal hygiene measure for preventing infection. Herein, we report the persistence of antibacterial and antiviral effects after handwashing with fatty acid salt-based hand soap. To this end, we developed a new in vitro test method to measure persistence, utilizing coacervation formed by anionic surfactants and cationic polymers to retain highly effective soap components against each bacterium and virus on the skin. Coacervation with fatty acid salts and poly diallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) as a cationic polymer allowed the persistence of antibacterial and antiviral effects against E. coli, S. aureus, and influenza virus even 4 h after handwashing. Furthermore, we confirmed an increase in the number of residual components effective against each bacterium and virus on the skin. In summary, the current findings describe an effective approach for enhancing the protective effects of handwashing.","['D012915', 'D004926', 'D006235', 'D000644', 'D000900', 'D013211', 'D000998', 'D011095', 'D012867', 'D013501', 'D006801', 'D005227', 'D013997', 'D009975']"
38945923,"Comparative Study of Camellia oleifera Seed Oil on Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant Activities and Physicochemical Characteristics from Southern China.","Eleven kinds of Camellia oleifera seed oils (CSOs) were evaluated in terms of chemical constituents, antioxidant activities, acid value (AV) as well as peroxide value (POV). These CSOs contained abundant β-sitosterol, squalene, α-tocopherol and phenolics, in which the squalene was the distinct constituent with the content between 45.8±0.8 and 184.1±5.5 mg/kg. The β-sitosterol ranging from 143.7±4.8 to 1704.6±72.0 mg/kg contributed a considerable content to total accompaniments. Palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid were present in these CSOs, in which the dominant fatty acid was oleic acid with the content between 59.66±0.72 and 82.89±2.16 g/100 g. The AV ranged from 0.1±0.0 to 1.3±0.0 mg KOH/g, and the POV was between 0.1±0.0 and 1.0±0.0 g/100 g. These CSOs showed antioxidant activity based on DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay. Both α-tocopherol and β-sitosterol contents showed a positive correlation with DPPH and ABTS values, respectively, while the α-tocopherol content showed a negative correlation with AV. These results suggested that CSO can be categorized into high oleic acid vegetable oil with abundant active constituents, of which the quality presented variation among different origins. These accompaniments may contribute to the delay of its quality deterioration.","['D028244', 'D000975', 'D010938', 'D012855', 'D012639', 'D013185', 'D002681', 'D024502', 'D019301', 'D055598', 'D005227', 'D019308', 'D010636', 'D019787', 'D010545']"
38945919,Predicting the Pro-Inflammatory Effects of Oxidized Methyl Oleate Based on the Volatile Compounds.,"The negative impact of lipid peroxidation on health is intimately tied to its oxidation products. In this study, methyl oleate was oxidized at 180℃ for 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 h respectively. The free radicals and volatile components generated during the oxidation process were determined using electron spin resonance and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME)-GC-MS. The pro-inflammatory effects of oxidized methyl oleate were evaluated in RAW264.7 cells. Then partial least-squares regression (PLSR) models were established for predicting the 3 pro-inflammatory genes expression based on the volatile components. The results revealed that the alkoxy radical content increased rapidly during oxidation from 4 h to 8 h, and the rate of oxidation of methyl oleate dropped after 8 h. A total of 27 volatile oxidation compounds were detected by HS-SPME-GC-MS. The content of most compounds, including aldehydes, esters, and acids, exhibited a pattern of initial increase and then decrease as the oxidation time increased. Similarly, the proinflammatory effects of oxidized methyl oleate peaked after 8 h of oxidation. The PLSR quantitative prediction models showed that the coefficient of determination (R2P) between the predicted and measured values of the 3 inflammatory gene expressions were 0.915, 0.946 and 0.951 respectively. The established PLSR model predicts the pro-inflammatory effects of oxidized methyl oleate well and provides a theoretical foundation for quick evaluation of the pro-inflammatory effects of oxidized lipids.","['D051379', 'D010084', 'D009829', 'D000818', 'D000067996', 'D015227', 'D055549', 'D008401', 'D005609', 'D015870', 'D052617', 'D007249', 'D013997', 'D016018']"
38945909,"[Pharmacological and clinical profile of inclisiran sodium, a long-acting LDL cholesterol lowering siRNA, LEQVIO for s.c. injection syringe 300 ‍mg].","Inclisiran sodium (Brand name: LEQVIO® for s.c. injection syringe 300 ‍mg, hereinafter referred to as inclisiran), a small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) product that targets the mRNA that encodes the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) protein was approved on September 25, 2023 for the indication of ""Familial hypercholesterolemia, hypercholesterolemia"" in Japan. Inclisiran is conjugated on the sense strand with triantennary N-acetylgalactosamine to facilitate uptake by hepatocytes. In vitro and in vivo pharmacology studies demonstrated the lowering effects of PCSK9 and LDL-C in hepatocytes and cynomolgus monkeys. It was considered unlikely to cause clinically significant risks due to toxicities arising from complementary binding to non-target RNA sequences (hybridization-dependent off-target effects). Clinical trials conducted globally including Japan in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and hypercholesterolemia who did not reach the LDL-C target showed that inclisiran sodium 300 ‍mg dosed at Day 1, Day 90 and then every 6 months demonstrated significant LDL-C reduction and the efficacy sustained long. The majority of patients achieved the guideline recommended LDL-C targets. Inclisiran sodium 300 ‍mg was well tolerated and there were no specific safety concerns. Therefore, inclisiran is expected to be a new therapeutic option for the patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and hypercholesterolemia.","['D006801', 'D008078', 'D000818', 'D034741', 'D000071449', 'D006937', 'D006938']"
38945902,[Resolvin E1 as a potential lead for the treatment of depression].,"Typical monoamine-based antidepressants have significant limitations, including a time lag for therapeutic response and low efficacy (more than one-third of depressed patients fail to respond to multiple antidepressant medications and are considered treatment-resistant). Conversely, ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, exhibits rapid and sustained antidepressant actions in patients with treatment-resistant depression. However, clinical use of ketamine is limited due to its serious side effects. Thus, there is a significant need to develop novel ketamine-like antidepressants with fewer side effects. We previously demonstrated that intracerebroventricular infusion of resolvins (RvD1, RvD2, RvE1, RvE2, and RvE3), specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators derived from docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids, produce antidepressant-like effects in mouse models of depression. Among resolvins, RvE1 produces the most potent antidepressant-like effects likely via ChemR23 in several mouse models of depression. Local infusion of RvE1 into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) or dorsal hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) also produces antidepressant-like effects, suggesting that these brain regions are sites of action of RvE1. Additionally, intranasal (i.n.) administration of RvE1 produces antidepressant-like effects through mechanisms similar to ketamine: activity-dependent release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and subsequent mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation in the mPFC play a crucial role in the rapid and sustained antidepressant-like actions of i.n. RvE1. Moreover, the antidepressant-like effects of i.n. RvE1 require BDNF and VEGF release, but not mTORC1 activation, in the dorsal DG. These findings suggest that RvE1 can be a promising lead for a novel rapid-acting antidepressant.","['D000818', 'D006801', 'D051379', 'D000928', 'D003863', 'D015118']"
38945844,Sphingolipid-Enriched Porcine Placental Extract Promotes the Expression of Structural Genes and Desquamation Enzyme Genes in Cultured Human Keratinocytes.,"Porcine placental extract (PPE) is commonly used in various health foods and cosmetics. PPE use in cosmetics predominantly consist of the water-soluble fraction derived from the entire placenta. In this report, we examined the effect of the hydrophobic constituents of the PPE, specifically the sphingolipid-enriched fraction designated as the sphingolipid-enriched porcine placental extract (SLPPE), on the expression of genes associated with skin function in cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis, we found that SLPPE concentrations ranging from 25 to 100 µg/mL upregulated the gene expression of key components associated with the cornified envelope structure (filaggrin (FLG), involucrin (IVL) and loricrin (LOR)), cornification enzymes (transglutaminase 1 (TGM1) and TGM5) and the desquamation enzymes (kallikrein 5 (KLK5) and KLK7). Additionally, KLK5p and FLG protein (FLGp) were detected in the culture supernatants of keratinocytes treated with SLPPE at these concentrations. These findings suggest that SLPPE is possible to promote the cornification and desquamation in epidermal keratinocytes, and it may offer potential benefits in cosmetics.","['D015603', 'D006801', 'D000091344', 'D000818', 'D011503', 'D013552', 'D013107', 'D007610', 'D010924', 'D002478', 'D005260', 'D007381', 'D008565', 'D011498', 'D011247']"
38945626,Performance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains against the application of adaptive laboratory evolution strategies for butanol tolerance.,"Although the industrial production of butanol has been carried out for decades by bacteria of the Clostridium species, recent studies have shown the use of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a promising alternative. While the production of n-butanol by this yeast is still very far from its tolerability (up to 2% butanol), the improvement in the tolerance can lead to an increase in butanol production. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the adaptive capacity of the laboratory strain X2180-1B and the Brazilian ethanol-producing strain CAT-1 when submitted to two strategies of adaptive laboratory Evolution (ALE) in butanol. The strains were submitted, in parallel, to ALE with successive passages or with UV irradiation, using 1% butanol as selection pressure. Despite initially showing greater tolerance to butanol, the CAT-1 strain did not show great improvements after being submitted to ALE. Already the laboratory strain X2180-1B showed an incredible increase in butanol tolerance, starting from a condition of inability to grow in 1% butanol, to the capacity to grow in this same condition. With emphasis on the X2180_n100#28 isolated colony that presented the highest maximum specific growth rate among all isolated colonies, we believe that this colony has good potential to be used as a model yeast for understanding the mechanisms that involve tolerance to alcohols and other inhibitory compounds.","['D012441', 'D000440', 'D005285', 'D000431', 'D020001', 'D014466', 'D000222']"
38945625,Effect of different inoculation strategies of mixed culture Saccharomyces cerevisiae/Oenococcus oeni on the aroma quality of Chardonnay wine.,"There has been growing interest in the use of mixed cultures comprised of Oenococcus oeni and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce wine with local style and typicality. This study has investigated the influence of the inoculation protocol of O. oeni on the fermentation kinetics and aromatic profile of Chardonnay wine. The one selected autochthonous O. oeni strain (ZX-1) inoculated at different stages of the alcoholic fermentation process successfully completed malolactic fermentation (MLF). Co-inoculum of S. cerevisiae and O. oeni enabled simultaneous alcoholic fermentation and MLF, leading to at least a 30 % reduction in the total fermentation time when compared to the sequential inoculation process, which was attributed to the lower ethanol stress. Meanwhile, co-inoculum stimulated the accumulation of volatile aroma compounds in Chardonnay wine. In particular, the mixed modality where the O. oeni strain ZX-1 was inoculated 48 h after S. cerevisiae allowed higher levels of terpenes, acetates, short-chain, and medium-chain fatty acid ethyl esters to be produced, which may result in the enhanced floral and fruity attributes of wine. Aroma reconstitution and omission models analysis revealed that the accumulation of linalool, geraniol, isoamyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, and ethyl caprylate during the mixed fermentation process enhanced the stone fruit, tropical fruit, and citrus aromas in Chardonnay wine. Therefore, the simultaneous fermentation of S. cerevisiae and autochthonous O. oeni ZX-1 has a positive effect on MLF and contributes to producing wines with distinctive style.","['D014920', 'D012441', 'D005285', 'D056585', 'D009812', 'D055549', 'D000431', 'D000085', 'D013729', 'D005516']"
38945611,Effect of radio frequency roasting on the lipid profile of peanut oil and the mechanism of lipids transformation: Revealed by untargeted lipidomics approach.,"Radio frequency (RF) heating has been proved an alternative roasting method for peanuts, which could effectively degrade aflatoxins and possesses the advantages of greater heating efficiency and penetration depth. This study aimed to investigate the influences of RF roasting on the lipid profile of peanut oil under 150 °C target temperature with varied peanut moisture contents (8.29 % and 20 %) and holding times (0, 7.5, and 15 min), using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS)-based lipidomics. In total, 2587 lipid species from 35 subclasses were identified. After roasting, the contents of sterol lipid (ST) and subclasses of glycerophospholipids (GPs) and glycoglycerolipids increased significantly, while fatty acid (FA), Oxidized (Ox-) FA, cholesterol (CE), and all subclasses of glycerolipids (GLs) decreased, and 1084 differential lipids were screened. The highest ST and lowest CE contents in peanut oil were achieved by medium roasting (7.5 min). The raise in moisture content of peanut simply affected a few GPs subclasses adversely. Compared with hot air (HA) roasting, RF decelerated lipid oxidation, showing higher levels of diacylglycerol, triacylglycerol and FA, with no additional negative impact and only 69 exclusive differential lipids. During RF roasting, hydrolysis and oxidation of fatty acyl chains into secondary oxides were the central behaviors of lipids transformation. This study could provide insights into the lipid changes and transformation mechanism of peanut oil by RF roasting processing.","['D000074241', 'D000081362', 'D003296', 'D006358', 'D008055', 'D053719', 'D011846', 'D010367', 'D005227', 'D002851', 'D005511', 'D010084']"
38945593,Activity and safety evaluation of natural preservatives.,"Synthetic preservatives are widely used in the food industry to control spoilage and growth of pathogenic microorganisms, inhibit lipid oxidation processes and extend the shelf life of food. However, synthetic preservatives have some side effects that can lead to poisoning, cancer and other degenerative diseases. With the improvement of living standards, people are developing safer natural preservatives to replace synthetic preservatives, including plant derived preservatives (polyphenols, essential oils, flavonoids), animal derived preservatives (lysozyme, antimicrobial peptide, chitosan) and microorganism derived preservatives (nisin, natamycin, ε-polylysine, phage). These natural preservatives exert antibacterial effects by disrupting microbial cell wall/membrane structures, interfering with DNA/RNA replication and transcription, and affecting protein synthesis and metabolism. This review summarizes the natural bioactive compounds (polyphenols, flavonoids and terpenoids, etc.) in these preservatives, their antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and safety evaluation in various products.","['D005520', 'D000975', 'D000900', 'D005519', 'D000818', 'D059022', 'D006801', 'D005419', 'D059808', 'D009822', 'D013729']"
38945592,Unraveling chemical changes associated with the sensory quality of Chinese steamed bread as altered by wheat flour type.,"Chinese steamed bread (CSB) is an important staple of the Chinese people, and its flavor profile is mostly affected by wheat varieties among others. This study selected wheat flour made from three different wheat varieties and investigated their contribution to the CSB flavor profile in terms of metabolism. Thirteen aroma-active compounds identified by GC-O were determined as the main contributors to the different aroma profiles of three CSBs. 350 sensory trait-related metabolites were obtained from five key modules via weighted gene co-expression network analysis. It was found that the sensory characteristics of CSBs made of different wheat flour were significantly different. The higher abundance of lipids in Yongliang No.4 (YL04) wheat flour was converted to large number of fatty acids in fermented dough, which led to the bitterness of CSB. Besides, the abundance in organic acids and fatty acids contributed to the sour, milky, wetness and roughness attributes of YL04-CSB. More fatty amides and flavonoids in Jiangsu Red Durum wheat flour contributed to the fermented and winey attributes of CSB. Carbohydrates with higher abundance in Canadian wheat flour was involved in sugar-amine reaction and glucose conversion, which enhanced the sweetness of CSB. In addition, fatty acids, organic acids, amino acids, and glucose were crucial metabolites which can further formed into various characteristic compounds such as hexanal, hexanol, 2,3-butanediol, acetoin, and 2,3-butanedione and thus contributed to the winey, fresh sweet, and green aroma properties. This study is conductive to better understand the evolution of the compounds that affect the quality and aroma of CSBs.","['D001939', 'D002681', 'D005227', 'D005285', 'D005433', 'D009812', 'D013227', 'D013649', 'D014908', 'D055549']"
38945589,"Thermal resistance of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in animal fat - Kinetic analysis and mathematical modeling.","The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fat on thermal resistance of L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, and Salmonella spp. A 4-strain cocktail of each microorganism was inoculated to beef tallow and heated isothermally at temperatures between 55 and 80℃. All survival curves did not follow the 1st-order inactivation kinetics but conformed to a two-stage linear pattern. The first stage was markedly less heat-resistant than the second, as manifested by significantly lower D values. The z values of E. coli O157 H7 and Salmonella spp. were 11.8 °C and 12.3 °C in the first stage (z1) but increased to 23.7 °C and 20.8 °C in the second stage (z2), respectively. For L. monocytogenes, while the z values were similar for both stages (z1 = 19.6 °C and z2 = 18.5 °C), the second stage D values are 3.6-5.9 times of those in the first stage. One-step analysis was used to fit the nonlinear curves to the Weibull model, yielding < 1 exponents for the model (0.495, 0.362, and 0.282, respectively, for L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, and Salmonella spp.), suggesting gradually increased thermal resistance during heating. The experimental results showed that these microorganisms could resist heating for longer time and at higher temperatures in tallow than they do in regular meats containing lower levels of fat. The kinetic models can be used to develop thermal processes to properly inactivate pathogens contaminated in the fat portions of meat products or other high fat products.","['D008089', 'D019453', 'D012475', 'D006358', 'D000818', 'D007700', 'D005516', 'D002417', 'D015169', 'D005223', 'D008962', 'D050296']"
38945569,Extrusion treatment of rice bran insoluble fiber generates specific niches favorable for Bacteroides during in vitro fermentation.,"To investigate the morphological changes of insoluble fiber and their effects on microbiota modulation, particularly Bacteroides, rice bran insoluble fibers were extruded at different feed moisture levels (E20, E40, and E60). The physicochemical properties and SEM revealed that E20 exhibited the highest water holding capacity and displayed the most fragmented edges. E40 had the highest swelling holding capacity and displayed the most lamellar gaps. E60 showed minimal change in physicochemical properties but had a rough surface. After 48h fermentation, E40 showed the highest levels of Bacteroides and SCFAs. E20 and E60 resulted in a modest increase in Bacteroides abundance. SEM showed that bacteria were attached to fragmented edges, loosened lamellar gaps, and rough surfaces of the extruded insoluble fibers. The results suggested that Bacteroides gained a competitive advantage within the extrusion treatment created structural changes. Extrusion treatment can be used to generate specific niches favorable for Bacteroides.","['D005285', 'D012275', 'D001439', 'D004043', 'D005232', 'D014867', 'D005511', 'D012995']"
38944735,Correlation of Body Mass Index with Serum Lipid Profile Level in Adolescent Students of Bangladesh.,"Obesity is associated with metabolic disorders such as dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). There has been rising burden of childhood and adolescent obesity in most developing countries in recent years. Changes in dietary habits, junk and fast food, physical inactivity and smoking habits increases among adolescent students, which causes obesity and simultaneously increases risk of metabolic diseases. The objective of the study is to determine the correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and lipid profile among adolescent students of Bangladesh. This cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 79 undergraduate healthy adolescent students, aged 10-18 years who were selected through purposive sampling. The study was conducted from July 2022 to June 2023 in urban and rural areas of Dhaka, Narayanganj and Rangpur. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Correlation of dyslipidemia and BMI was analyzed by Pearson Coefficient. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 with level of statistical significance at p<0.05. Mean age of the respondents was 14.9±4.5 years. Male and female ratio was 2.16:1. Among respondents, 46.8% had BMI 18.5-23.0 (normal), 31.6% had BMI 23.1-25.0 (overweight) and 21.5% had BMI >25.0 (obese). Prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 34.1%. Overweight and obese respondents had raised total cholesterol (TC) level 209.51±48.6 mg/dl and 218.36±80.0 mg/dl respectively. Mean high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level was 38.91±10.51 mg/dl in overweight and 36.54±10.04 mg/dl in obese. Mean low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level was 135.23±44.5 mg/dl in overweight and 143.61±56.0 mg/dl in obese. Among obese cases, 94.1% respondents had borderline triglyceride (TG) with mean 164.46±111.0 mg/dl. Among the study respondents, overweight and obesity (higher BMI) tend to have abnormal lipid profile. It is recommended that assessment of BMI should be incorporated into school health programme and those with overweight and obesity should be subjected to routine lipogram in order to apply timely preventive as well as therapeutic measures to save lives.","['D006801', 'D000293', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D001459', 'D015992', 'D003430', 'D002648', 'D050171', 'D013334', 'D008055', 'D063766', 'D009765', 'D050177']"
38944731,Serum Lipid Profile and Its Association with Newly Diagnosed Hypertensive Patients in Bangladesh.,"Clustering of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and other metabolic abnormalities is increasing the burden of non-communicable diseases, especially cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to explore the pattern of lipid profiles in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients attending Shaheed Mansur Ali Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh from August 2020 to December 2020. A total of 59 newly diagnosed hypertensive patients were studied through a cross-sectional approach. Prior to the study, ethical clearance was ensured, and informed written consent was obtained. A pre-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 version. Slight male preponderance (54.2%) was observed along with an average age of 45 years among studied patients. Raised levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were observed in 91.5%, 98.3%, and 88.1% of patients accordingly. Low level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was observed in 47.5% of the patients. Mean TC, TG, LDL, HDL were 286.11±347.37, 311.74±122.76, 163.27±33.67 and 38.29±6.66 mg/dl, respectively. Almost all patients were obese. There is no correlation between the serum lipid profile and blood pressure of the patients. Dyslipidemia was highly prevalent among newly diagnosed hypertensive patients.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D006973', 'D001459', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D003430', 'D050171', 'D000328', 'D008055', 'D014280']"
38943207,Unveiling the therapeutic promise: exploring Lysophosphatidic Acid (LPA) signaling in malignant bone tumors for novel cancer treatments.,"Malignant bone tumors, including primary bone cancer and metastatic bone tumors, are a significant clinical challenge due to their high frequency of presentation, poor prognosis and lack of effective treatments and therapies. Bone tumors are often accompanied by skeletal complications such as bone destruction and cancer-induced bone pain. However, the mechanisms involved in bone cancer progression, bone metastasis and skeletal complications remain unclear. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), an intercellular lipid signaling molecule that exerts a wide range of biological effects mainly through specifically binding to LPA receptors (LPARs), has been found to be present at high levels in the ascites of bone tumor patients. Numerous studies have suggested that LPA plays a role in primary malignant bone tumors, bone metastasis, and skeletal complications. In this review, we summarize the role of LPA signaling in primary bone cancer, bone metastasis and skeletal complications. Modulating LPA signaling may represent a novel avenue for future therapeutic treatments for bone cancer, potentially improving patient prognosis and quality of life.","['D006801', 'D008246', 'D001859', 'D015398', 'D049368', 'D000818']"
38943196,Comparison of plasma soluble and extracellular vesicles-associated biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease patients and cognitively normal individuals.,"Amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau are brain hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), also present in blood as soluble biomarkers or encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs). Our goal was to assess how soluble plasma biomarkers of AD pathology correlate with the number and content of EVs.","['D006801', 'D000544', 'D000067128', 'D015415', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D016229', 'D000368', 'D016875', 'D010446', 'D000369', 'D008875', 'D015331', 'D053327']"
38943179,Randomized controlled trial of enteral vitamin D supplementation (ViDES) in infants <28 weeks gestational age or <1000 g birth weight: study protocol.,"Vitamin D is necessary to develop healthy lungs and other organs early in life. Most infants born before 28 weeks' gestation have low vitamin D levels at birth and a limited intake during the first month. Enteral vitamin D supplementation is inexpensive and widely used. The appropriate supplementation regimen for extremely preterm infants is controversial, and the effect of different regimens on their blood levels and outcomes is unclear.","['D006801', 'D007231', 'D005865', 'D019587', 'D016032', 'D014807', 'D001724', 'D004750', 'D014808', 'D016896', 'D062071', 'D013997', 'D005260', 'D014815', 'D002112', 'D008297']"
38943172,Dual-trajectory of TyG levels and lifestyle scores and their associations with ischemic stroke in a non-diabetic population: a cohort study.,"The Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, has been implicated in the risk of ischemic stroke. However, the interplay between TyG levels, lifestyle factors, and their collective impact on stroke risk in non-diabetic populations remains inadequately explored. This study aims to evaluate the association of ischemic stroke with the joint development of the TyG index and lifestyle in the non-diabetic population.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D011446', 'D000083242', 'D012307', 'D018570', 'D015415', 'D001786', 'D002681', 'D000368', 'D007333', 'D008019', 'D014280', 'D040242', 'D013997', 'D000328', 'D011379', 'D000070497']"
38943167,Steering the course of CAR T cell therapy with lipid nanoparticles.,"Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have proven themselves as transformative actors in chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, surpassing traditional methods and addressing challenges like immunogenicity, reduced toxicity, and improved safety. Promising preclinical results signal a shift toward safer and more effective CAR T cell treatments. Ongoing research aims to validate these findings in clinical trials, marking a new era guided by LNPs utility in CAR therapy. Herein, we explore the preference for LNPs over traditional methods, highlighting the versatility of LNPs and their effective delivery of nucleic acids. Additionally, we address key challenges in clinical considerations, heralding a new era in CAR T cell therapy.","['D053758', 'D006801', 'D016219', 'D000076962', 'D000818', 'D008055', 'D013601', 'D009369', 'D008081']"
38943054,"Molecular characterization and epidemiological investigation of colistin resistance in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a tertiary care hospital in Tehran, Iran.","Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) presents a significant challenge to antimicrobial therapy, especially when compounded by resistance to colistin. The objective of this study was to explore molecular epidemiological insights into strains of clinical K. pneumoniae that produce carbapenemases and exhibit resistance to colistin. Eighty clinical isolates of CRKP were obtained from Milad Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Antimicrobial susceptibility and colistin broth disk elution were determined. PCR assays were conducted to examine the prevalence of resistance-associated genes, including blaKPC, blaIMP, blaVIM, blaOXA-48, blaNDM and mcr-1 to -10. Molecular typing (PFGE) was used to assess their spread.","['D003091', 'D007492', 'D007711', 'D006801', 'D007710', 'D062606', 'D000900', 'D008826', 'D001426', 'D001618', 'D015780', 'D024881', 'D000073182', 'D017720']"
38956158,Effects of microplastics on reproductive characteristics and mechanisms of the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis.,"Microplastic pollution, especially secondary microplastics (MPs), poses a significant threat to marine ecosystems. Despite its prevalence, the impact of natural-aged MPs on marine organisms, hindered by collection challenges, remains poorly understood. This study focused on 1-3 μm natural-aged MPs collected from Japan's coastal sea, investigating their effects on the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis sensu stricto and its reproductive mechanisms. Rotifers exposed to varying MP concentrations (0, 20, and 200 particles/mL) over 14-day batch cultures exhibited reduced population growth and fertilization rates. Down-regulation of reproductive genes and up-regulation of oxidative stress-related genes were observed, indicating MP-induced disruptions. Enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase and acetylcholinesterase and elevated malondialdehyde levels further emphasized oxidative stress. These findings underscore the detrimental impact of MPs on rotifer reproductivity, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms.","['D000818', 'D012403', 'D000080545', 'D012098', 'D014874', 'D018384', 'D008315']"
38955873,The Influence of Various Freezing-thawing Methods of Skin on Drug Permeation and Skin Barrier Function.,"The selection of skin is crucial for the in vitro permeation test (IVPT). The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different freezing-thawing processes on the barrier function of skin and the transdermal permeability of granisetron and lidocaine. Rat and hairless mouse skins were thawed at three different conditions after being frozen at -20℃ for 9 days: thawed at 4℃, room temperature (RT), and 32℃. There were no significant differences in the steady-state fluxes of drugs between fresh and thawed samples, but compared with fresh skin there were significant differences in lag time for the permeation of granisetron in rat skins thawed at RT and 32℃. Histological research and scanning electron microscopy images showed no obvious structural damage on frozen/thawed skin, while immunohistochemical staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the tight junction (TJ) protein Cldn-1 showed significantly impaired epidermal barrier. It was concluded that the freezing-thawing process increases the diffusion rate of hydrophilic drugs partly due to the functional degradation of TJs. It's recommended that hairless, inbred strains and identical animal donors should be used, and the selected thawing method of skin should be validated prior to IVPT, especially for hydrophilic drugs.","['D000818', 'D005615', 'D012867', 'D051379', 'D008812', 'D012869', 'D051381', 'D010539', 'D008297', 'D000279', 'D008012', 'D017207']"
38954412,"Race and Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Factors, and Epigenetic Age Acceleration in Survivors of Childhood Cancer.",Current research in epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) is limited to non-Hispanic White individuals. It is imperative to improve inclusivity by considering racial and ethnic minorities in EAA research.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D003430', 'D000073116', 'D002648', 'D012959', 'D044127', 'D009369', 'D000293', 'D044465', 'D001741', 'D019175', 'D000328', 'D005006', 'D064890']"
38953578,"CHORDC1, the novel interacting partner of tau protein.",Alzheimer's disease is currently not curable. Almost all attempts to identify disease-modifying drugs failed and the causes of disease etiology are not well understood. Neurofibrillary tangles composed of pathological tau protein belong to the main hallmarks of this disease. Identification of novel physiological and pathological tau interacting proteins may lead to a better understanding of Alzheimer's disease pathology and tau physiology and therefore we performed a screening of the brain library by a yeast two-hybrid system intending to identify new tau interaction partners. We identified CHORDC1 (cysteine and histidine-rich domain-containing protein 1) as a novel tau interaction partner by this approach. The CHORDC1-tau interaction was validated by co-immunoprecipitation from rat brain tissues and by in vitro co-localization in the cellular model expressing full-length human tau protein. We believe that our results can be useful for researchers studying tau protein in health and disease.,"['D016875', 'D051381', 'D000818', 'D006801', 'D011485', 'D001921', 'D025941', 'D020798']"
38953256,[Value of SOX1 and PAX1 Gene Methylation Detection in Secondary Triage of High-Grade Cervical Lesions].,"Objective To evaluate the value of SOX1 and PAX1 gene methylation detection in the secondary triage of high-grade cervical lesions.Methods Exfoliated cervical cells were collected from 122 patients tested positive for human papilloma virus (HPV) and subjected to thin-prep cytologic test (TCT) and SOX1/PAX1 gene methylation tests.Results The HPV test combined with TCT showed the sensitivity of 95.24% and the specificity of 23.75% for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 and above (CIN2+).After the addition of the SOX1/PAX1 gene methylation detection in secondary triage,the sensitivity for detecting CIN2+ was 83.33%,which had no statistically significant difference from the sensitivity of TCT combined with HPV test (P=0.078).However,the specificity reached 77.50%,which was significantly higher than that of HPV test combined with TCT (P<0.001).The SOX1/PAX1 gene methylation level in the CIN2+ group was higher than those in the normal cervical tissue and the CIN1 group(P<0.001).The cut-off values of SOX1 and PAX1 gene methylation for CIN2+ detection were -11.81 and -11.98,respectively.Conclusion Adding the detection of SOX1/PAX1 gene methylation in secondary triage significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of CIN2+ detection.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D051761', 'D019175', 'D002578', 'D002583', 'D055748', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D012680', 'D055815']"
38953254,[Expression Levels and Regulation of Selenoprotein Genes in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019].,"Objective To investigate the expression levels of selenoprotein genes in the patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the possible regulatory mechanisms.Methods The dataset GSE177477 was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus,consisting of a symptomatic group (n=11),an asymptomatic group (n=18),and a healthy control group (n=18).The dataset was preprocessed to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEG) related to COVID-19,and gene ontology functional annotation and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis were performed for the DEGs.The protein-protein interaction network of DEGs was established,and multivariate Logistic regression was employed to analyze the effects of selenoprotein genes on the presence/absence of symptoms in the patients with COVID-19.Results Compared with the healthy control,the symptomatic COVID-19 patients presented up-regulated expression of GPX1,GPX4,GPX6,DIO2,TXNRD1,SELENOF,SELENOK,SELENOS,SELENOT,and SELENOW and down-regulated expression of TXNRD2 and SELENON (all P<0.05).The asymptomatic patients showcased up-regulated expression of GPX2,SELENOI,SELENOO,SELENOS,SELENOT,and SELENOW and down-regulated expression of SELP (all P<0.05).The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the abnormally high expression of GPX1 (OR=0.067,95%CI=0.005-0.904,P=0.042) and SELENON (OR=56.663,95%CI=3.114-856.999,P=0.006) was the risk factor for symptomatic COVID-19,and the abnormally high expression of SELP was a risk factor for asymptomatic COVID-19 (OR=15.000,95%CI=2.537-88.701,P=0.003).Conclusions Selenoprotein genes with differential expression are involved in the regulation of COVID-19 development.The findings provide a new reference for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.","['D006801', 'D051140', 'D000086382', 'D000086402', 'D060066']"
38953020,Different localization of P2X4 and P2X7 receptors in native mouse lung - lack of evidence for a direct P2X4-P2X7 receptor interaction.,"P2X receptors are a family of homo- and heterotrimeric cation channels gated by extracellular ATP. The P2X4 and P2X7 subunits show overlapping expression patterns and have been involved in similar physiological processes, such as pain and inflammation as well as various immune cell functions. While formation of P2X2/P2X3 heterotrimers produces a distinct pharmacological phenotype and has been well established, functional identification of a P2X4/P2X7 heteromer has been difficult and evidence for and against a physical association has been found. Most of this evidence stems, however, from in vitro model systems.","['D000818', 'D058848', 'D058486', 'D051379', 'D008168', 'D018345', 'D008822', 'D008810', 'D011485']"
38952982,"Microbial fungicides can positively affect aubergine photosynthetic properties, soil enzyme activity and microbial community structure.","This study examined the effects of microbial agents on the enzyme activity, microbial community construction and potential functions of inter-root soil of aubergine (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). This study also sought to clarify the adaptability of inter-root microorganisms to environmental factors to provide a theoretical basis for the stability of the microbiology of inter-root soil of aubergine and for the ecological preservation of farmland soil.","['D012988', 'D005659', 'D010788', 'D064307', 'D032323', 'D018517', 'D012987', 'D012336']"
38952278,"Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and plasma protein binding of tolfenamic acid in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).","Although research on the mechanism and control of pain and inflammation in fish has increased in recent years, the use of analgesic drugs is limited due to the lack of pharmacological information about analgesic drugs. Tolfenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and can be used in fish due to its low side effect profile and superior pharmacokinetic properties.","['D000818', 'D017686', 'D062367', 'D001682', 'D000894', 'D000284', 'D001798', 'D007273', 'D011485', 'D007275', 'D006207']"
38952252,"Non-thermal technologies for broiler litter processing: Microbial safety, chemical composition, nutritional value, and fermentation parameters in vitro.","Annually, a massive amount of broiler litter (BL) is produced in the world, which causes soil and surface water pollution due to its high nitrogen content and microbial count. While ruminants can use this non-protein nitrogen (NPN) source for microbial protein synthesis. This issue becomes more critical when protein sources are unavailable or very expensive. One of the sources of NPN is BL which is produced at a considerable amount in the world yearly.","['D000818', 'D005285', 'D002645', 'D009753', 'D014466', 'D000069453', 'D008372']"
38951816,Metagenomic and metabolomic analysis showing the adverse risk-benefit trade-off of the ketogenic diet.,"Ketogenic diets are increasingly popular for addressing obesity, but their impacts on the gut microbiota and metabolome remain unclear. This paper aimed to investigate how a ketogenic diet affects intestinal microorganisms and metabolites in obesity.","['D055423', 'D000818', 'D000069196', 'D008297', 'D051379', 'D009765', 'D059305', 'D056186', 'D055432', 'D064806', 'D008810', 'D055442', 'D001835']"
38951600,Life-history stage influences immune investment and oxidative stress in response to environmental heterogeneity in Antarctic fur seals.,"Immune defenses are crucial for survival but costly to develop and maintain. Increased immune investment is therefore hypothesized to trade-off with other life-history traits. Here, we examined innate and adaptive immune responses to environmental heterogeneity in wild Antarctic fur seals. In a fully crossed, repeated measures design, we sampled 100 pups and their mothers from colonies of contrasting density during seasons of contrasting food availability. Biometric and cortisol data as well as blood for the analysis of 13 immune and oxidative status markers were collected at two key life-history stages. We show that immune responses of pups are more responsive than adults to variation in food availability, but not population density, and are modulated by cortisol and condition. Immune investment is associated with different oxidative status markers in pups and mothers. Our results suggest that early life stages show greater sensitivity to extrinsic and intrinsic effectors, and that immunity may be a strong target for natural selection even in low-pathogen environments such as Antarctica.","['D000818', 'D018384', 'D046069', 'D000864', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D007113', 'D006854', 'D056704']"
38952482,Burden and Management of Multi-Drug Resistant Organism Infections in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients Across the World: A Narrative Review.,"Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are particularly susceptible to infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) and are often the first to be affected by an emerging resistant pathogen. Unfortunately, their prevalence and impact on morbidity and mortality according to the type of graft is not systematically reported from high-as well as from low and middle-income countries (HIC and LMIC). Thus, epidemiology on MDRO in SOT recipients could be subjected to reporting bias. In addition, screening practices and diagnostic resources may vary between countries, as well as the availability of new drugs. In this review, we aimed to depict the burden of main Gram-negative MDRO in SOT patients across HIC and LMIC and to provide an overview of current diagnostic and therapeutic resources.","['D006801', 'D016377', 'D024901', 'D066027', 'D000900', 'D015995', 'D016905', 'D003906']"
38952297,Evasion of wheat resistance gene Lr15 recognition by the leaf rust fungus is attributed to the coincidence of natural mutations and deletion in AvrLr15 gene.,"Employing race-specific resistance genes remains an effective strategy to protect wheat from leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt) worldwide, while the newly emerged Pt races, owing to rapid genetic evolution, frequently overcome the immune response delivered by race-specific resistance genes. The molecular mechanisms underlying the newly evolved virulence Pt pathogen remain unknown. Here, we identified an avirulence protein AvrLr15 from Pt that induced Lr15-dependent immune responses. Heterologously produced AvrLr15 triggered pronounced cell death in Lr15-isogenic wheat leaves. AvrLr15 contains a functional signal peptide, localized to the plant nucleus and cytosol and can suppress BAX-induced cell death. Evasion of Lr15-mediated resistance in wheat was associated with a deletion and point mutations of amino acids in AvrLr15 rather than AvrLr15 gene loss in the Lr15-breaking Pt races, implying that AvrLr15 is required for the virulence function of Pt. Our findings identified the first molecular determinant of wheat race-specific immunity and facilitated the identification of the first AVR/R gene pair in the Pt-wheat pathosystem, which will provide a molecular marker to monitor natural Pt populations and guide the deployment of Lr15-resistant wheat cultivars in the field.","['D014908', 'D010935', 'D060467', 'D000084643', 'D005656', 'D017343', 'D014774', 'D009154', 'D010940', 'D001487', 'D018515', 'D016923', 'D017384']"
38951848,Differences in virus and immune dynamics for SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron infections by age and vaccination histories.,"Vaccination against COVID-19 was integral to controlling the pandemic that persisted with the continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Using a mathematical model describing SARS-CoV-2 within-host infection dynamics, we estimate differences in virus and immunity due to factors of infecting variant, age, and vaccination history (vaccination brand, number of doses and time since vaccination). We fit our model in a Bayesian framework to upper respiratory tract viral load measurements obtained from cases of Delta and Omicron infections in Singapore, of whom the majority only had one nasopharyngeal swab measurement. With this dataset, we are able to recreate similar trends in URT virus dynamics observed in past within-host modelling studies fitted to longitudinal patient data.We found that Omicron had higher R0,within values than Delta, indicating greater initial cell-to-cell spread of infection within the host. Moreover, heterogeneities in infection dynamics across patient subgroups could be recreated by fitting immunity-related parameters as vaccination history-specific, with or without age modification. Our model results are consistent with the notion of immunosenescence in SARS-CoV-2 infection in elderly individuals, and the issue of waning immunity with increased time since last vaccination. Lastly, vaccination was not found to subdue virus dynamics in Omicron infections as well as it had for Delta infections.This study provides insight into the influence of vaccine-elicited immunity on SARS-CoV-2 within-host dynamics, and the interplay between age and vaccination history. Furthermore, it demonstrates the need to disentangle host factors and changes in pathogen to discern factors influencing virus dynamics. Finally, this work demonstrates a way forward in the study of within-host virus dynamics, by use of viral load datasets including a large number of patients without repeated measurements.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D000086402', 'D000086663', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D014611', 'D000328', 'D012846', 'D000367', 'D019562', 'D055815', 'D001499', 'D008962', 'D008297', 'D000369', 'D005260', 'D000293']"
38951495,Linear ubiquitination regulates the KSHV replication and transcription activator protein to control infection.,"Like many other viruses, KSHV has two life cycle modes: the latent phase and the lytic phase. The RTA protein from KSHV is essential for lytic reactivation, but how this protein's activity is regulated is not fully understood. Here, we report that linear ubiquitination regulates the activity of RTA during KSHV lytic reactivation and de novo infection. Overexpressing OTULIN inhibits KSHV lytic reactivation, whereas knocking down OTULIN or overexpressing HOIP enhances it. Intriguingly, we found that RTA is linearly polyubiquitinated by HOIP at K516 and K518, and these modifications control the RTA's nuclear localization. OTULIN removes linear polyubiquitin chains from cytoplasmic RTA, preventing its nuclear import. The RTA orthologs encoded by the EB and MHV68 viruses are also linearly polyubiquitinated and regulated by OTULIN. Our study establishes that linear polyubiquitination plays a critically regulatory role in herpesvirus infection, adding virus infection to the list of biological processes known to be controlled by linear polyubiquitination.","['D019288', 'D054875', 'D006801', 'D014779', 'D017874', 'D057809', 'D015534', 'D044767', 'D014775', 'D006566', 'D002467']"
38951343,Rapid Two-Day Baculovirus Titering Using Flow Cytometry.,"This chapter outlines a rapid detection method to determine the virus titer of your baculovirus stock. Staining of cells with fluorescently labeled gp64 antibody allows for flow cytometer-based quantitation of baculovirus-infected insect cells. In this assay, Sf9 cells are infected with tenfold serial dilutions of the test virus stock, and baculovirus titers are calculated based on the ratio of infected to uninfected cells 13 to 18 h after inoculation.","['D005434', 'D016367', 'D000818', 'D061987', 'D019562']"
38951342,TCID50 Assay: A Simple Method to Determine Baculovirus Titer.,"There are many methods that can be used to determine the infectious titer of your baculovirus stock. The TCID50 method is a simple end-point dilution method that determines the amount of baculovirus virus needed to produce a cytopathic effect or kill 50% of inoculated insect cells. Serial dilutions of baculovirus stock are added to Sf9 cells cultivated in 96-well plates and 3-5 days after infection, cells are monitored for cell death or cytopathic effect. The titer can then be calculated by the Reed-Muench method as described in this method.","['D016367', 'D000818', 'D061987', 'D003588', 'D018411', 'D019562', 'D002460']"
38951264,Antifungal capabilities of gut microbial communities of three dung beetle species (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae).,"Gut microbial communities are part of the regulatory array of various processes within their hosts, ranging from nutrition to pathogen control. Recent evidence shows that dung beetle's gut microbial communities release substances with antifungal activity. Because of the enormous diversity of gut microorganisms in dung beetles, there is a possibility of discovering novel compounds with antifungal properties. We tested the antifungal activity mediated by gut microbial communities of female dung beetles against nine phytopathogenic fungi strains (Colletotrichum asianum-339, C. asianum-340, C. asianum-1, C. kahawae-390, C. karstii-358, C. siamense-220, Fusarium oxysporum-ATCC338, Nectria pseudotrichia-232, Verticillium zaelandica-22). Our tests included the gut microbial communities of three species of dung beetles: Canthon cyanellus (roller beetle), Digitonthophagus gazella (burrower beetle), and Onthophagus batesi (burrower beetle), and we followed the dual confrontation protocol, i.e., we challenged each fungal strain with the microbial communities of each species of beetles in Petri dishes containing culture medium. Our results showed that gut microbial communities of the three dung beetle species exhibit antifungal activity against at least seven of the nine phytopathogenic fungal strains. The gut microbial communities of Onthophagus batesi significantly decreased the mycelial growth of the nine phytopathogenic fungi strains; the gut microbial communities of Canthon cyanellus and Digitonthophagus gazella significantly reduced the mycelial growth of seven strains. These results provide a basis for investigating novel antifungal substances within gut microbial communities of dung beetles.","['D000818', 'D001517', 'D000069196', 'D000935', 'D005658', 'D005260']"
38951199,Comparative Transcriptomics of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana Grown on Aerial Surface and in Liquid Environment.,"Beauveria bassiana, the causative agent of arthropod, proliferates in the host hemolymph (liquid environment) and shits to saprotrophic growth on the host cadaver (aerial surface). In this study, we used transcriptomic analysis to compare the gene expression modes between these two growth phases. Of 10,366 total predicted genes in B. bassiana, 10,026 and 9985 genes were expressed in aerial (AM) and submerged (SM) mycelia, respectively, with 9853 genes overlapped. Comparative analysis between two transcriptomes indicated that there were 1041 up-regulated genes in AM library when compared with SM library, and 1995 genes were down-regulated, in particular, there were 7085 genes without significant change in expression between two transcriptomes. Furthermore, of 25 amidase genes (AMD), BbAMD5 has high expression level in both transcriptomes, and its protein product was associated with cell wall in aerial and submerged mycelia. Disruption of BbAMD5 significantly reduced mycelial hydrophobicity, hydrophobin translocation, and conidiation on aerial plate. Functional analysis also indicated that BbAmd5 was involved in B. bassiana blastospore formation in broth, but dispensable for fungal virulence. This study revealed the high similarity in global expression mode between mycelia grown under two cultivation conditions.","['D052982', 'D005656', 'D025282', 'D059467', 'D020869', 'D015966', 'D000818', 'D014774', 'D013172']"
38949707,Rapid Drug Susceptibility Testing to Preserve Antibiotics.,"Antibiotic resistance is a global challenge likely to cost trillions of dollars in excess costs in the health system and more importantly, millions of lives every year. A major driver of resistance is the absence of susceptibility testing at the time a healthcare worker needs to prescribe an antimicrobial. The effect is that many prescriptions are unintentionally wasted and expose mutable organisms to antibiotics increasing the risk of resistance emerging. Often simplistic solutions are applied to this growing issue, such as a naïve drive to increase the speed of drug susceptibility testing. This puts a spotlight on a technological solution and there is a multiplicity of such candidate DST tests in development. Yet, if we do not define the necessary information and the speed at which it needs to be available in the clinical decision-making progress as well as the necessary integration into clinical pathways, then little progress will be made. In this chapter, we place the technological challenge in a clinical and systems context. Further, we will review the landscape of some promising technologies that are emerging and attempt to place them in the clinic where they will have to succeed.","['D000900', 'D008826', 'D006801', 'D024881', 'D001419']"
38949706,Phylogenetic Survival Analysis.,"Going back in time through a phylogenetic tree makes it possible to evaluate ancestral genomes and assess their potential to acquire key polymorphisms of interest over evolutionary time. Knowledge of this kind may allow for the emergence of key traits to be predicted and pre-empted from currently circulating strains in the future. Here, we present a novel genome-wide survival analysis and use the emergence of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis as an example to demonstrate the potential and utility of the technique.","['D010802', 'D009169', 'D016680', 'D006801', 'D019143', 'D024881', 'D014376']"
38949704,Use of Individual-Based Mathematical Modelling to Understand More About Antibiotic Resistance Within-Host.,"To model complex systems, individual-based models (IBMs), sometimes called ""agent-based models"" (ABMs), describe a simplification of the system through an adequate representation of the elements. IBMs simulate the actions and interaction of discrete individuals/agents within a system in order to discover the pattern of behavior that comes from these interactions. Examples of individuals/agents in biological systems are individual immune cells and bacteria that act independently with their own unique attributes defined by behavioral rules. In IBMs, each of these agents resides in a spatial environment and interactions are guided by predefined rules. These rules are often simple and can be easily implemented. It is expected that following the interaction guided by these rules we will have a better understanding of agent-agent interaction as well as agent-environment interaction. Stochasticity described by probability distributions must be accounted for. Events that seldom occur such as the accumulation of rare mutations can be easily modeled.Thus, IBMs are able to track the behavior of each individual/agent within the model while also obtaining information on the results of their collective behaviors. The influence of impact of one agent with another can be captured, thus allowing a full representation of both direct and indirect causation on the aggregate results. This means that important new insights can be gained and hypotheses tested.","['D006801', 'D004352', 'D000900', 'D008962', 'D001419', 'D054884', 'D024881', 'D008954', 'D003198']"
38949703,Within-Host Mathematical Models of Antibiotic Resistance.,"Mathematical models have been used to study the spread of infectious diseases from person to person. More recently studies are developing within-host modeling which provides an understanding of how pathogens-bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses-develop, spread, and evolve inside a single individual and their interaction with the host's immune system.Such models have the potential to provide a more detailed and complete description of the pathogenesis of diseases within-host and identify other influencing factors that may not be detected otherwise. Mathematical models can be used to aid understanding of the global antibiotic resistance (ABR) crisis and identify new ways of combating this threat.ABR occurs when bacteria respond to random or selective pressures and adapt to new environments through the acquisition of new genetic traits. This is usually through the acquisition of a piece of DNA from other bacteria, a process called horizontal gene transfer (HGT), the modification of a piece of DNA within a bacterium, or through. Bacteria have evolved mechanisms that enable them to respond to environmental threats by mutation, and horizontal gene transfer (HGT): conjugation; transduction; and transformation. A frequent mechanism of HGT responsible for spreading antibiotic resistance on the global scale is conjugation, as it allows the direct transfer of mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Although there are several MGEs, the most important MGEs which promote the development and rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance genes in bacterial populations are plasmids and transposons. Each of the resistance-spread-mechanisms mentioned above can be modeled allowing us to understand the process better and to define strategies to reduce resistance.","['D001419', 'D006801', 'D022761', 'D004352', 'D008962', 'D024881', 'D000900', 'D054884']"
38949699,Investigating Combination Therapy as a Means to Enhance Activity and Repurpose Antimicrobials.,"Current clinical practice assumes that a single antibiotic given as a bolus or as a course will successfully treat most infections. In modern medicine, this is becoming less and less true with drug-resistant, multi-drug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant, and untreatable infections becoming more common. Where single-drug therapy (monotherapy) fails, we will turn to multi-drug therapy. Alternatively, combination therapy could be useful to prevent the emergence of resistance. Multi-drug therapy is already standard for some multi-drug resistant infections and is the standard for the treatment of some pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis.The use of combination therapy for everyday infections could be a clear course out of the current AMR crisis we are facing. With every additional drug added to a combination (n + 1) the likelihood of the pathogen evolving resistance drops exponentially.Many generic antibiotics are cheap to manufacture as they have fallen out of patent protection but are less effective at pharmacologically effective doses due to overuse in the past. Combination therapy can combine these generic compounds into cocktails that can not only treat susceptible and resistant infections but can also reduce the risk of new resistances arising and can resuscitate the use of antimicrobials once thought defunct.In this chapter, we will summarize theory behind combination therapy and standard in vitro methodologies used.","['D006801', 'D004359', 'D000900', 'D008826', 'D000890', 'D024901']"
38949697,Rapid Gene Silencing Followed by Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Target Validation in Antibiotic Discovery.,"Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the main causative agent of tuberculosis (TB)-an ancient yet widespread global infectious disease to which 1.6 million people lost their lives in 2021. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been an ongoing crisis for decades; 4.95 million deaths were associated with antibiotic resistance in 2019. While AMR is a multi-faceted problem, drug discovery is an urgent part of the solution and is at the forefront of modern research.The landscape of drug discovery for TB has undoubtedly been transformed by the development of high-throughput gene-silencing techniques that enable interrogation of every gene in the genome, and their relative contribution to fitness, virulence, and AMR. A recent advance in this area is CRISPR interference (CRISPRi). The application of this technique to antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is the subject of ongoing research in basic science.CRISPRi technology can be used in conjunction with the high-throughput SPOT-culture growth inhibition assay (HT-SPOTi) to rapidly evaluate and assess gene essentiality including non-essential, conditionally essential (by using appropriate culture conditions), and essential genes. In addition, the HT-SPOTi method can develop drug susceptibility and drug resistance profiles.This technology is further useful for drug discovery groups who have designed target-based inhibitors rationally and wish to validate the primary mechanisms of their novel compounds' antibiotic action against the proposed target.","['D008826', 'D009169', 'D055808', 'D020868', 'D006801', 'D064113', 'D000995', 'D000900', 'D057166', 'D024881', 'D014376']"
38949696,Three-Dimensional Rotary Culture to Model Mycobacterial Biofilms in Low-Shear Detergent-Free Liquid Suspension.,"In vitro biofilm models have allowed researchers to investigate the role biofilms play in the pathogenesis, virulence, and antimicrobial drug susceptibility of a wide range of bacterial pathogens. Rotary cell culture systems create three-dimensional cellular structures, primarily applied to eukaryotic organoids, that better capture characteristics of the cells in vivo. Here, we describe how to apply a low-shear, detergent-free rotary cell culture system to generate biofilms of Mycobacterium bovis BCG. The three-dimensional biofilm model forms mycobacterial cell aggregates in suspension as surface-detached biomass, without severe nutrient starvation or environmental stress, that can be harvested for downstream experiments. Mycobacterium bovis BCG derived from cell clusters display antimicrobial drug tolerance, presence of an extracellular matrix, and evidence of cell wall remodeling, all features of biofilm-associated bacteria that may be relevant to the treatment of tuberculosis.","['D018441', 'D009163', 'D018929', 'D000087603']"
38949168,"Antimicrobial resistance is not increasing in subsequent cases of ischaemic foot infections, a single-centre cohort from 2012 to 2021.","Patients with chronic limb-threatening ischaemia (CLTI) are at risk of foot infections, which is associated with an increase in amputation rates. The use of antibiotics may lead to a higher incidence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in subsequent episodes of ischaemic foot infections (IFI). This retrospective single-centre cohort study included 130 patients with IFI undergoing endovascular revascularisation. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the two most common pathogens, accounting for 20.5% and 10.8% of cases, respectively. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and multi-drug resistance did not significantly increase between episodes (10.2% vs. 13.4%, p = 0.42). In 59% of subsequent episodes, the identified pathogens were unrelated to the previous episode. However, the partial concordance of identified pathogens significantly increased to 66.7% when S. aureus was identified (p = 0.027). Subsequent episodes of IFI in the same patient are likely to differ in causative pathogens. However, in the case of S. aureus, the risk of reinfection, particularly with S. aureus, is increased. Multi-drug resistance does not appear to change between IFI episodes. Therefore, recommendations for empirical antimicrobial therapy should be based on local pathogen and resistance statistics without the need to broaden the spectrum of antibiotics in subsequent episodes.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D012189', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D007511', 'D000900', 'D000369', 'D015331', 'D013211', 'D024881', 'D011550']"
38948515,Comparative analysis of gut microbiota in children with obstructive sleep apnea: assessing the efficacy of 16S rRNA gene sequencing in metabolic function prediction based on weight status.,"Analyzing bacterial microbiomes consistently using next-generation sequencing (NGS) is challenging due to the diversity of synthetic platforms for 16S rRNA genes and their analytical pipelines. This study compares the efficacy of full-length (V1-V9 hypervariable regions) and partial-length (V3-V4 hypervariable regions) sequencing of synthetic 16S rRNA genes from human gut microbiomes, with a focus on childhood obesity.","['D006801', 'D000069196', 'D002648', 'D008297', 'D012336', 'D005260', 'D020181', 'D063766', 'D059014', 'D002675', 'D001835', 'D000293']"
38948288,[Analysis of Reproductive Tract Microecological Changes During the Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer Cycle and Clinical Pregnancy Outcomes].,"This study aims to analyze the relationship between reproductive tract microecological changes, metabolic differences, and pregnancy outcomes at different time points in the frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle while patients are undergoing hormone replacement therapy, which will be a breakthrough point for improving outcomes.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D004624', 'D011256', 'D064307', 'D014621', 'D011374', 'D000328', 'D015925', 'D012336', 'D002584']"
38948222,Isolation and characterization of native antagonistic rhizobacteria against Fusarium wilt of chilli to promote plant growth.,"In the eastern coastal regions of Odisha, wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.capsici is an extremely damaging disease in chilli. This disease is very difficult to manage with chemical fungicides since it is soil-borne in nature. The natural rhizosphere soil of the chilli plant was used to isolate and test bacterial antagonists for their effectiveness and ability to promote plant growth. Out of the fifty-five isolates isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy chilli plants, five isolates, namely Iso 01, Iso 17, Iso 23, Iso 24, and Iso 32, showed their highly antagonistic activity against F. oxysporum f. sp. capsici under in vitro. In a dual culture, Iso 32 (73.3%) and Iso 24 (71.5%) caused the highest level of pathogen inhibition. In greenhouse trials, artificially inoculated chilli plants treated with Iso 32 (8.8%) and Iso 24 (10.2%) had decreased percent disease incidence (PDI), with percent disease reduction over control of 85.6% and 83.3%, respectively. Iso 32 and Iso 24 treated chilli seeds have shown higher seed vigor index of 973.7 and 948.8, respectively, as compared to untreated control 636.5. Furthermore, both the isolates significantly increased plant height as well as the fresh and dry weight of chilli plants under the rolled paper towel method. Morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization identified Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (MH491049) as the key antagonist. This study demonstrates that rhizobacteria, specifically Iso 32 and Iso 24, can effectively protect chilli plants against Fusarium wilt while promoting overall plant development. These findings hold promise for sustainable and eco-friendly management of Fusarium wilt in chilli cultivation.","['D005670', 'D010935', 'D012988', 'D058441', 'D002212', 'D000898', 'D063245']"
38948211,"Microbiota based personalized nutrition improves hyperglycaemia and hypertension parameters and reduces inflammation: a prospective, open label, controlled, randomized, comparative, proof of concept study.","Recent studies suggest that gut microbiota composition, abundance and diversity can influence many chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Modulating gut microbiota through targeted nutrition can provide beneficial effects leading to the concept of personalized nutrition for health improvement. In this prospective clinical trial, we evaluated the impact of a microbiome-based targeted personalized diet on hyperglycaemic and hyperlipidaemic individuals. Specifically, BugSpeaks®-a microbiome profile test that profiles microbiota using next generation sequencing and provides personalized nutritional recommendation based on the individual microbiota profile was evaluated.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D006973', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000069196', 'D011446', 'D003924', 'D006943', 'D057285', 'D007249', 'D000075082', 'D006442', 'D000368', 'D006949', 'D000328', 'D002097']"
38947352,Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Mycobacterium spp. in the United Arab Emirates: a retrospective analysis of 12 years of national antimicrobial resistance surveillance data.,"The Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO) region accounts for almost 8% of all global Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) cases, with TB incidence rates ranging from 1 per 100,000 per year in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to 204 per 100,000 in Djibouti. The national surveillance data from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region on the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance trends of TB, including MDR-TB remains scarce.","['D014479', 'D006801', 'D012189', 'D018088', 'D008297', 'D009169', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D000995', 'D008875', 'D024881', 'D000293', 'D008826', 'D055815', 'D011159']"
38947124,Temperatures above 37°C increase virulence of a convergent Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 307 strain.,"Convergence of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) pathotypes has been increasingly reported in recent years. These pathogens combine features of both multidrug-resistant and hypervirulent KP. However, clinically used indicators for hypervirulent KP identification, such as hypermucoviscosity, appear to be differentially expressed in convergent KP, potential outbreak clones are difficult to identify. We aimed to fill such knowledge gaps by investigating the temperature dependence of hypermucoviscosity and virulence in a convergent KP strain isolated during a clonal outbreak and belonging to the high-risk sequence type (ST)307.","['D007711', 'D018441', 'D014774', 'D000818', 'D007710', 'D013696', 'D007814', 'D010957', 'D009036', 'D006801', 'D037521', 'D001426', 'D007915', 'D014783', 'D010641', 'D020869']"
38946435,"Growth performance, nutrients digestibility, intestinal microbiota and histology altered in broilers fed maize- or sorghum-based diets.","This study aimed to evaluate the effect of varying levels of sorghum-based diets as an alternative to maize in broiler nutrition. A total of 320 one-day-old male Ross 708 broiler chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups (5 pens per treatment and 16 birds per pen), comprising a control group with a basal diet and groups receiving sorghum-based diets with 20%, 40%, and 100% maize replacement. The overall weight gain was significantly (p < 0.0001) higher in the control group, followed by 20%, 40%, and 100% sorghum replacement. Additionally, overall feed intake was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in the 20% sorghum replacement group compared to the control and other groups. Broilers fed sorghum-based diets exhibited a significantly (p < 0.01) increased feed conversion ratio. Carcass characteristics showed no significant differences between broilers fed corn and sorghum; however, the digestibility of crude protein and apparent metabolizable energy significantly (p < 0.01) increased in the 20% sorghum-corn replacement compared to the 40% and 100% replacement levels. Ileal villus height and width did not differ among the corn-sorghum-based diets, regardless of the replacement percentage. Furthermore, among the cecal microbiota, Lactobacillus count was significantly (p < 0.041) higher in the 20% corn-sorghum diet compared to the 40% and 100% replacement levels. These findings suggest that replacing corn up to 20% of corn with sorghum in broiler diet positively impact growth performance, gut health, nutrient digestibility, and cecal microbiota in broilers. However, larger replacements (40% and 100%) may have negative implications for broiler production and health.","['D000818', 'D002645', 'D045868', 'D003313', 'D000821', 'D008297', 'D004032', 'D000069196', 'D004063', 'D000824', 'D000078622', 'D011897']"
38946325,Precision Targeting of the Gut Microbiome for Cancer Immunotherapy.,"Transforming gut microbial status from a prognostic trait to a therapeutic target is a key goal to understand and reverse resistance to anticancer immunotherapy. Glitza and colleagues propose selective manipulation of the gut microbiome with SER401 following antibiotic preconditioning and highlight multiple challenges in delivering microbiome manipulation to the clinic. See related article by Glitza et al., p. 1161 (8).","['D006801', 'D000069196', 'D007167', 'D009369', 'D057285']"
38946179,Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonellae isolated from eggs of local chicken in selected towns of Ethiopia.,"Salmonellosis is one of the most common food-borne diseases in industrialised and developing countries. In recent year, an increase in antimicrobial resistance among different Salmonella serotypes has been observed.","['D000818', 'D005002', 'D002645', 'D012475', 'D015995', 'D003430', 'D000900', 'D011201', 'D004531', 'D024881', 'D012481', 'D005516']"
38945975,Stabilization of EREG via STT3B-mediated N-glycosylation is critical for PDL1 upregulation and immune evasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.,"Dysregulated Epiregulin (EREG) can activate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and promote tumor progression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the mechanisms underlying EREG dysregulation remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that dysregulated EREG was highly associated with enhanced PDL1 in HNSCC tissues. Treatment of HNSCC cells with EREG resulted in upregulated PDL1 via the c-myc pathway. Of note, we found that N-glycosylation of EREG was essential for its stability, membrane location, biological function, and upregulation of its downstream target PDL1 in HNSCC. EREG was glycosylated at N47 via STT3B glycosyltransferases, whereas mutations at N47 site abrogated N-glycosylation and destabilized EREG. Consistently, knockdown of STT3B suppressed glycosylated EREG and inhibited PDL1 in HNSCC cells. Moreover, treatment of HNSCC cells with NGI-1, an inhibitor of STT3B, blocked STT3B-mediated glycosylation of EREG, leading to its degradation and suppression of PDL1. Finally, combination of NGI-1 treatment with anti-PDLl therapy synergistically enhanced the efficacy of immunotherapy of HNSCC in vivo. Taken together, STT3B-mediated N-glycosylation is essential for stabilization of EREG, which mediates PDL1 upregulation and immune evasion in HNSCC.","['D006801', 'D060890', 'D006031', 'D015854', 'D006258', 'D000077195', 'D012799', 'D002294', 'D045744', 'D051379', 'D057131', 'D000818', 'D015153', 'D066260']"
38945629,Biofilm formation in food industries: Challenges and control strategies for food safety.,"Various pathogens have the ability to grow on food matrices and instruments. This grow may reach to form biofilms. Bacterial biofilms are community of microorganisms embedded in extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) containing lipids, DNA, proteins, and polysaccharides. These EPSs provide a tolerance and favorable living condition for microorganisms. Biofilm formations could not only contribute a risk for food safety but also have negative impacts on healthcare sector. Once biofilms form, they reveal resistances to traditional detergents and disinfectants, leading to cross-contamination. Inhibition of biofilms formation and abolition of mature biofilms is the main target for controlling of biofilm hazards in the food industry. Some novel eco-friendly technologies such as ultrasound, ultraviolet, cold plasma, magnetic nanoparticles, different chemicals additives as vitamins, D-amino acids, enzymes, antimicrobial peptides, and many other inhibitors provide a significant value on biofilm inhibition. These anti-biofilm agents represent promising tools for food industries and researchers to interfere with different phases of biofilms including adherence, quorum sensing molecules, and cell-to-cell communication. This perspective review highlights the biofilm formation mechanisms, issues associated with biofilms, environmental factors influencing bacterial biofilm development, and recent strategies employed to control biofilm-forming bacteria in the food industry. Further studies are still needed to explore the effects of biofilm regulation in food industries and exploit more regulation strategies for improving the quality and decreasing economic losses.","['D018441', 'D059022', 'D019649', 'D005516', 'D053038', 'D001419', 'D000900']"
38945617,"Characterization of two virulent Salmonella phages and transient application in egg, meat and lettuce safety.","Salmonella, a prominent foodborne pathogen, has posed enduring challenges to the advancement of food safety and global public health. The escalating concern over antibiotic misuse, resulting in the excessive presence of drug residues in animal-derived food products, necessitates urgent exploration of alternative strategies for Salmonella control. Bacteriophages emerge as promising green biocontrol agents against pathogenic bacteria. This study delineates the identification of two novel virulent Salmonella phages, namely phage vB_SalS_ABTNLsp11241 (referred to as sp11241) and phage 8-19 (referred to as 8-19). Both phages exhibited efficient infectivity against Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE). Furthermore, this study evaluated the effectiveness of two phages to control SE in three different foods (whole chicken eggs, raw chicken meat, and lettuce) at different MOIs (1, 100, and 10000) at 4°C. It's worth noting that sp11241 and 8-19 achieved complete elimination of SE on eggs after 3 h and 6 h at MOI = 100, and after 2 h and 5 h at MOI = 10000, respectively. After 12 h of treatment with sp11241, a maximum reduction of 3.17 log10 CFU/mL in SE was achieved on raw chicken meat, and a maximum reduction of 3.00 log10 CFU/mL was achieved on lettuce. Phage 8-19 has the same effect on lettuce as sp11241, but is slightly less effective than sp11241 on chicken meat (a maximum 2.69 log10 CFU/mL reduction). In conclusion, sp11241 and 8-19 exhibit considerable potential for controlling Salmonella contamination in food at a low temperature and represent viable candidates as green antibacterial agents for food applications.","['D018545', 'D000818', 'D004531', 'D005516', 'D002645', 'D012477', 'D012483', 'D008460', 'D059022', 'D005506', 'D014774']"
38956045,"An international, open-access dataset of dental wear patterns and associated broad age classes in archaeological cattle mandibles.","Zooarchaeologists investigate past interactions between animals, humans, and their environments by analyzing the remains of archaeological fauna. Age-at-death distributions are fundamental to faunal analysis and are often estimated by comparing exposed dentine patterns to standardized tooth wear stages that have been associated with relative age classes. We present Bubona, an international dataset of dental wear patterns and associated broad age classes in archaeological cattle mandibles. Our open-access dataset of 1460 data entries from nine counties is being used to create tooth-type specific reference tables of probable age class attribution for cattle mandibles lacking complete dentition. Bubona is a valuable resource for the innovation of new systems of age estimation for cattle and it is the creators hope that researchers will continue to both help expand the dataset by contributing their own data, as well as utilize the data to refine and innovate age-at-death estimation methods.","['D000818', 'D002417', 'D008334', 'D057085', 'D001106', 'D000366']"
38953573,Relationship between COVID-19 and orofacial clefts.,The work presents the connection between the infection of COVID-19 during pregnancy and non-syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFC). Aim of the study was to compare the incidence of COVID-19 disease during mother´s pregnancy between a group of the children with NSOFC and a control group of the children without NSOFC. COVID-19 was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. The study showed significantly higher incidence of COVID-19 disease in the group of mothers who gave birth to a child with NSOFC in comparison to the group of mothers who gave birth to a child without NSOFC. Our results indicate the possible participation of the infection of COVID-19 in the formation of NSOFCs.,"['D006801', 'D002971', 'D002972', 'D000086382', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D011251', 'D015994', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D007231']"
38953483,Preservation of Pulp Vitality in Type IIIA Dens Invaginatus with an Extensive Peri-invagination Lesion: a case Report with 5-year Follow-up.,Dens invaginatus may be associated with peri-invagination lesions and vital pulp concurrently. This case report examines the successful preservation of vital pulp and minimally invasive treatment of invagination for Oehlers type IIIA dens invaginatus with an extensive peri-invagination lesion. A healthy 19-year-old man presented with occasional swelling of the left maxillary anterior region. Pulp vitality tests revealed vital and healthy tooth pulp. CBCT indicated Oehlers type IIIA dens invaginatus with an invagination parallel to the pulp cavity. The diagnosis was type IIIA dens invaginatus with a peri-invagination lesion. The treatment plans involved preservation of the vital pulp and minimally invasive treatment of the invagination. A 5-year follow-up revealed that both healing of the peri-invagination lesion and preservation of the vital pulp had been successful. Pulp vitality can be preserved in type IIIA dens invaginatus associated with a peri-invagination lesion through minimally invasive treatment of the invagination.,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D055815', 'D003782', 'D003719', 'D005500', 'D054893']"
38953480,Dental Fear and Caries in 6- to 12-Year-Old Children: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.,To investigate the relationship between dental fear and dental caries in children aged 6 to 12 years in a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"['D006801', 'D003731', 'D002648', 'D016854', 'D004245']"
38951854,A critical influence of HIF-1 on MMP-9 and Galectin-3 in oral lichen planus.,"Oral lichen planus carries a risk for malignancy. The pathogenesis of the disease is mediated by various inflammatory mediators. Several mediators could be responsible for the oncogenic behavior in certain cases. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1a (HIF-1), and its possible correlation to Galactin-3 (Gal-3) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) over expression represents an important indicator for malignant transformation. The investigation of these factors may present evidence-based information on malignant transformation of the disease.","['D006801', 'D020780', 'D017676', 'D037502', 'D051795', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D037161', 'D000328', 'D002471', 'D004847', 'D016022', 'D007150', 'D001798']"
38951770,Caries lesions diagnosis with deep convolutional neural network in intraoral QLF images by handheld device.,This study investigated the effectiveness of a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) in diagnosing and staging caries lesions in quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) images taken by a self-manufactured handheld device.,"['D006801', 'D003731', 'D016571', 'D005260', 'D000078704', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D012680', 'D008875', 'D000293', 'D055815', 'D012372']"
38951654,DUSP1 and SOX2 expression determine squamous cell carcinoma of the salivary gland progression.,"Salivary gland squamous cell carcinomas (SG-SCCs) constitute a rare type of head and neck cancer which is linked to poor prognosis. Due to their low frequency, the molecular mechanisms responsible for their aggressiveness are poorly understood. In this work we studied the role of the phosphatase DUSP1, a negative regulator of MAPK activity, in controlling SG-SCC progression. We generated DUSP1 KO clones in A253 human cells. These clones showed a reduced ability to grow in 2D, self-renew in ECM matrices and to form tumors in immunodeficient mice. This was caused by an overactivation of the stress and apoptosis kinase JNK1/2 in DUSP1-/+ clones. Interestingly, RNAseq analysis revealed that the expression of SOX2, a well-known self-renewal gene was decreased at the mRNA and protein levels in DUSP1-/+ cells. Unexpectedly, CRISPR-KO of SOX2 did not recapitulate DUSP1-/+ phenotype, and SOX2-null cells had an enhanced ability to self-renew and to form tumors in mice. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that SOX2-null cells have a decreased squamous differentiation profile -losing TP63 expression- and an increased migratory phenotype, with an enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal transition signature. In summary, our data indicates that DUSP1 and SOX2 have opposite functions in SG-SCC, being DUSP1 necessary for tumor growth and SOX2 dispensable showing a tumor suppressor function. Our data suggest that the combined expression of SOX2 and DUSP1 could be a useful biomarker to predict progression in patients with SG-SCCs.","['D054638', 'D006801', 'D055748', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D012468', 'D045744', 'D002294', 'D018450', 'D015972', 'D049109']"
38951593,"P4HA2 promotes proliferation, invasion, and metastasis through regulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma.","Proline 4-hydroxylase 2 (P4HA2) is known for its hydroxylase activity, primarily involved in hydroxylating collagen precursors and promoting collagen cross-linking under physiological conditions. Although its overexpression influences a wide variety of malignant tumors' occurrence and development, its specific effects and mechanisms in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear. This study focused on investigating the expression patterns, carcinogenic functions, and underlying mechanisms of P4HA2 in OSCC cells. Various databases, including TCGA, TIMER, UALCAN, GEPIA, and K-M plotter, along with paraffin-embedded samples, were used to ascertain P4HA2 expression in cancer and its correlation with clinicopathological features. P4HA2 knockdown and overexpression cell models were developed to assess its oncogenic roles and mechanisms. The results indicated that P4HA2 was overexpressed in OSCC and inversely correlated with patient survival. Knockdown of P4HA2 suppressed invasion, migration, and proliferation of OSCC cells both in vitro and in vivo, whereas overexpression of P4HA2 had the opposite effects. Mechanistically, the phosphorylation levels of the PI3K/AKT pathway were reduced following P4HA2 silencing. The study reveals that P4HA2 acts as a promising biomarker for predicting prognosis in OSCC and significantly affects metastasis, invasion, and proliferation of OSCC cells through the regulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.","['D006801', 'D051057', 'D009062', 'D049109', 'D019869', 'D015398', 'D045744', 'D009361', 'D002465', 'D011393', 'D002294', 'D015972', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D009362', 'D008875', 'D008819']"
38951256,Performance of ChatGPT in classifying periodontitis according to the 2018 classification of periodontal diseases.,"This study assessed the ability of ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence(AI) language model, to determine the stage, grade, and extent of periodontitis based on the 2018 classification.","['D006801', 'D010518', 'D001185', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008875']"
38950008,The relationship between the source of oral health information and dental caries: Findings from Child Dental Health Survey 2013 in England.,To determine the magnitude and shape of the relationship between dental caries experience and the source of oral health information in England.,"['D006801', 'D003731', 'D005260', 'D002648', 'D008297', 'D009909', 'D004739', 'D000293', 'D003430', 'D003753', 'D020407', 'D061108']"
38949991,Combinatorial actions of IL-22 and IL-17 drive optimal immunity to oral candidiasis through SPRRs.,"Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is the most common human fungal infection, arising typically from T cell immune impairments. IL-17 and IL-22 contribute individually to OPC responses, but here we demonstrate that the combined actions of both cytokines are essential for resistance to OPC. Mice lacking IL-17RA and IL-22RA1 exhibited high fungal loads in esophagus- and intestinal tract, severe weight loss, and symptoms of colitis. Ultimately, mice succumbed to infection. Dual loss of IL-17RA and IL-22RA impaired expression of small proline rich proteins (SPRRs), a class of antimicrobial effectors not previously linked to fungal immunity. Sprr2a1 exhibited direct candidacidal activity in vitro, and Sprr1-3a-/- mice were susceptible to OPC. Thus, cooperative actions of Type 17 cytokines mediate oral mucosal anti-Candida defenses and reveal a role for SPRRs.","['D000818', 'D000097043', 'D051379', 'D002180', 'D007378', 'D020381', 'D018345', 'D008810', 'D002176', 'D018123', 'D053722']"
38949834,Antibacterial and preventive effects of newly developed modified nano-chitosan/glass-ionomer restoration on simulated initial enamel caries lesions: An in vitro study.,"Despite the superiority of glass-ionomer cements (GICs) over composites in treating white spot lesions (WSLs), there is still a concern about their preventive and antibacterial properties. Efforts have been made to improve the strength of their bond to demineralized enamel, fluoride release and antibacterial properties by adding nanoparticles of chitosan, which seems to be a promising method.","['D048271', 'D000900', 'D005899', 'D003731', 'D066298', 'D005459', 'D006801', 'D053758', 'D033081', 'D003743', 'D008422', 'D001840']"
38948508,"Comparative evaluation and co-relation in variation of curve of Spee and curve of Wilson in Class II div. 1, Class II div. 2, and Class III as against Class I malocclusion in central India population- an in vitro study.","Getting acceptable cosmetic results in the soft tissues of the face serves as the foundation for orthodontic treatment planning. Also, in order to achieve healthy static and dynamic occlusal interactions, the teeth must be positioned within the basal bone at the correct position, angle, and inclination. To avoid periodontal issues, provide stability, and achieve a functional occlusion, it is essential to ascertain the individual's dental arch form before starting of treatment and thus to utilise the mechanics that follow throughout the treatment.","['D006801', 'D007194', 'D008312', 'D008311', 'D003724', 'D008313']"
38946513,Knowledge and awareness about temporomandibular disorder among dentists in India: Questionnaire study and review.,"Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) comprise ailments involving the jaw joint (temporomandibular joint) and its associated anatomical structures. The complexity involved in TMD is primarily due to its broad spectrum of conditions, clinical signs and symptoms variability, and multifactorial etiology. Considering the above, the present study was performed to help understand the prevailing knowledge and awareness of TMD among Indian dentists in the context of the new specialty ""orofacial pain"".","['D006801', 'D003815', 'D007722', 'D007194', 'D019239', 'D011795', 'D013705']"
38946188,Plasma Cell Mucositis: A Clinical Conundrum.,"Plasma cell mucositis (PCM) is an unusual disorder most evident in the accessible mucosa and usually reported in the upper aerodigestive tract, although it is named according to its specific anatomical site of involvement such as plasma cell cheilitis, plasma cell gingivitis, plasma cell vulvitis, and Zoon's balanitis. PCM reflects a dense polyclonal rather than a monoclonal plasma cell proliferation of unclear and unknown etiology. This perplexing disorder tends to be treated by avoiding possible triggers and intralesional and/or systemic steroids. In this work, we provide a review and update on PCM, which often represents a clinical conundrum.","['D006801', 'D052016', 'D010950']"
38944779,[Clinic-X-ray characteristics of periodontal disease in elderly patients.].,"The significant prevalence of periodontal diseases in elderly patients makes the research relevant. By now, the issues of complex clinical and radiological semiotics of generalized periodontitis using high-tech research methods is not sufficiently studied. The research addressed the clinical picture and three-dimensional computed tomographic semiotics of severe chronic generalized periodontitis focusing 25 elderly patients with severe chronic generalized periodontitis. It verified the necessity to use an organ-oriented program of multiplanar (volumetric) cone-beam computed tomography coupled with the analysis of the research results, as well as a mandatory analysis of densitometry indicators of the jaw bone tissue in diagnostically significant periodontal zones.","['D006801', 'D000368', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D054893', 'D055113', 'D010510', 'D008875', 'D021621', 'D000369', 'D015519']"
38944745,Iodinated Contrast Induced Parotitis: A Case Report.,"Contrast material containing Iodine can cause parotitis. Here we present A 70 year's old man admitted to United Hospital Limited, Gulshan, Dhaka, Bangladesh on 5th May 2021 with the complaints of chest pain and shortness of breath and he was diagnosed as NSTEMI with ALVF. He was Covid 19 positive two weeks back. He underwent PCI to LM to LAD, LCX and RCA two years back. He had hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. He was taking dual antiplatelet, beta-blocker, ACE inhibitor, statin, diuretic and anti-diabetic medication. His physical examination findings were reasonably normal. An electrocardiogram revealed bi-fascicular block and echocardiogram showed inferior wall and basal segment of inferior-lateral wall were hypokinetic. His high sensitive Troponin I was raised and serum creatinine was normal. This case report contains a case of bilateral parotitis following coronary angioplasty, subsided with conservative management. Possible reasons may be the direct toxicity or idiosyncratic reaction of the iodinated contrast agent.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D010309', 'D003287', 'D000368', 'D000086382', 'D062645']"
38943374,Long-term outcomes in virtual surgical planning for mandibular reconstruction: A cost-effectiveness analysis.,"This study is an economic evaluation comparing virtual surgical planning (VSP) utilization to free hand mandibular reconstruction (FHR) for advanced oral cavity cancer, for which the cost effectiveness remains poorly understood. The proposed clinical benefits of VSP must be weighed against the additional upfront costs.","['D006801', 'D003362', 'D063175', 'D019057', 'D008390', 'D009062', 'D025321', 'D016896', 'D008297', 'D003661', 'D005260', 'D000094703']"
38943301,Evaluation of Dental Plaque Area with Artificial Intelligence Model.,"This study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of an artificial intelligence (AI) system employing deep learning for identifying dental plaque, utilizing a dataset comprising photographs of permanent teeth.","['D006801', 'D001185', 'D000293', 'D002648', 'D003773', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D012680', 'D000077321']"
38943110,A scoping review on the associations between early childhood caries and sustainable cities and communities using the sustainable development goal 11 framework.,"Early childhood caries (ECC) is a multifactorial disease in which environmental factors could play a role. The purpose of this scoping review was to map the published literature that assessed the association between the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11, which tried to make cities and human settlements safe, inclusive, resilient and sustainable, and ECC.","['D006801', 'D000076502', 'D003731', 'D002675', 'D002947', 'D006798', 'D014507', 'D018505', 'D002648']"
38943108,Recurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma in surgically treated patients at Khartoum Teaching Dental Hospital retrospective cross-sectional study.,"In terms of survival rate, recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) after primary surgery is considered as a poor prognostic indicator.","['D006801', 'D009062', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D009364', 'D012189', 'D008875', 'D002294', 'D003430', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D012307', 'D009367', 'D000369', 'D011379', 'D006784']"
38943102,Assessment of traumatic mandibular nerve using MR neurography sequence: a preliminary study.,"Iatrogenic mandibular nerve damage resulting from oral surgeries and dental procedures is painful and a formidable challenge for patients and oral surgeons alike, mainly because the absence of objective and quantitative methods for diagnosing nerve damage renders treatment and compensation ambiguous while often leading to medico-legal disputes. The aim of this study was to examine discriminating factors of traumatic mandibular nerve within a specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol and to suggest tangible diagnostic criteria for peripheral trigeminal nerve injury.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D008279', 'D000080902', 'D021621', 'D038524', 'D008340', 'D000368', 'D055815', 'D061221', 'D059629']"
38943090,A specific super-enhancer actuated by berberine regulates EGFR-mediated RAS-RAF1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway to induce nasopharyngeal carcinoma autophagy.,"Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), primarily found in the southern region of China, is a malignant tumor known for its highly metastatic characteristics. The high mortality rates caused by the distant metastasis and disease recurrence remain unsolved clinical problems. In clinic, the berberine (BBR) compound has widely been in NPC therapy to decrease metastasis and disease recurrence, and BBR was documented as a main component with multiple anti-NPC effects. However, the mechanism by which BBR inhibits the growth and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma remains elusive. Herein, we show that BBR effectively inhibits the growth, metastasis, and invasion of NPC via inducing a specific super enhancer (SE). From a mechanistic perspective, the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) results suggest that the RAS-RAF1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway, activated by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), plays a significant role in BBR-induced autophagy in NPC. Blockading of autophagy markedly attenuated the effect of BBR-mediated NPC cell growth and metastasis inhibition. Notably, BBR increased the expression of EGFR by transcription, and knockout of EGFR significantly inhibited BBR-induced microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II increase and p62 inhibition, proposing that EGFR plays a pivotal role in BBR-induced autophagy in NPC. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) results found that a specific SE existed only in NPC cells treated with BBR. This SE knockdown markedly repressed the expression of EGFR and phosphorylated EGFR (EGFR-p) and reversed the inhibition of BBR on NPC proliferation, metastasis, and invasion. Furthermore, BBR-specific SE may trigger autophagy by enhancing EGFR gene transcription, thereby upregulating the RAS-RAF1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. In addition, in vivo BBR effectively inhibited NPC cells growth and metastasis, following an increase LC3 and EGFR and a decrease p62. Collectively, this study identifies a novel BBR-special SE and established a new epigenetic paradigm, by which BBR regulates autophagy, inhibits proliferation, metastasis, and invasion. It provides a rationale for BBR application as the treatment regime in NPC therapy in future.","['D001599', 'D000077274', 'D001343', 'D006801', 'D066246', 'D045744', 'D009303', 'D020935', 'D000818', 'D019908', 'D049109', 'D018631', 'D051379', 'D015972', 'D004742', 'D008819']"
38943064,Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and periodontal disease: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study.,"Previous observational studies have shown a bidirectional association between immune-mediated inflammatory disorders (IMID) and periodontal disease. However, evidence regarding the causal role of IMID and periodontal disease is still lacking. Therefore, we conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to uncover the potential genetic causal effects between IMID and periodontal disease.","['D006801', 'D057182', 'D055106', 'D010510', 'D020022', 'D020641', 'D007249', 'D008180']"
38942867,Risk factors for distal caries of second molars adjacent to mesioangular or horizontal partially erupted mandibular third molars: a cross-sectional study.,"Introduction Impacted mandibular third molars can be asymptomatic or cause some pathologies, such as distal caries and odontogenic cysts and tumours. This study investigates the prevalence of distal caries of the mandibular second molar adjacent to the mesioangular or horizontally partially erupted mandibular third molar and its relationship regarding decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) risk group, age, side (left-right) and sex.Methods The study included patients who had an appointment for mesioangular or horizontally positioned and partially erupted mandibular third molar surgery. Before the surgery, the DMFT score, age, sex and side were recorded. After extraction, the second molar was clinically examined for distal caries. The prevalence of distal caries and the correlation between the DMFT risk group, age, sex and side were determined.Results The study was conducted on 514 patients and involved 639 teeth. Men and patients in the moderate- or high-risk group are significantly prone to developing distal caries of the second molar. No statistically significant relationship exists regarding age group, side and position.Conclusion Sex and DMFT risk groups affect the prevalence of distal caries in second molars adjacent to the mesioangular or horizontally partially erupted third molars. The prophylactic extraction should be considered in men and patients in the moderate- or high-risk group.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D003731', 'D008964', 'D003430', 'D012307', 'D000328', 'D008334', 'D008963', 'D015995', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D008875', 'D014095', 'D004245', 'D014081', 'D012737']"
38942857,Management of rarely seen internal tunnelling root resorption associated with a maxillary permanent incisor.,"This case presents clinical techniques and materials that may be applied in the management of internal tunnelling root resorption, a rare condition which has little published literature.A 25-year-old woman was referred to a specialist centre by her general dental practitioner following an incidental finding of a radiographic radiolucency, suggestive of root resorption associated with tooth 21. A provisional diagnosis of external cervical resorption was made, and following cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), a definitive diagnosis of internal tunnelling root resorption given. Non-surgical endodontic treatment was completed using continuous wave compaction with a calcium-silicate based sealer. No further intervention has been required.A summary of the histology, aetiology, prevalence, diagnosis, management and prognosis of internal tunnelling root resorption is provided. The benefits of CBCT for diagnosing and managing internal tunnelling resorption defects and using continuous wave compaction with a calcium-silicate based sealer, compared to cold obturation techniques, are discussed.","['D006801', 'D012391', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D007180', 'D054893', 'D012387', 'D017640', 'D017610', 'D008437', 'D012390']"
38942856,The TMD management dilemma.,"As temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) become ever more prevalent in both primary and secondary care settings, successful management is increasingly challenging in both sectors. The authors aim to explore the dilemma of TMD management as the patient journeys through from primary to secondary care and offer educational tools to support practitioners in managing this complex patient cohort, as well as outlining alternative solutions for the delivery of TMD management strategies.","['D006801', 'D013705', 'D011320', 'D063127']"
38942855,Forty years of suffering chronic TMJ dysfunction: lessons learnt.,"Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) is a common condition, with patients reporting symptoms to both dentists and doctors. The aetiology of TMD is likely to be multifactorial, with occlusal, parafunctional and psychological factors all potentially playing a part to varying degrees in different individuals. A personal account by a dentist, suffering from TMD for over 40 years, chronicles their experience of different treatments and concludes that supporting a patient to 'learn to live' with TMD is pivotal to management.","['D006801', 'D013705', 'D002908']"
38941289,Differential methylation region detection via an array-adaptive normalized kernel-weighted model.,"A differentially methylated region (DMR) is a genomic region that has significantly different methylation patterns between biological conditions. Identifying DMRs between different biological conditions is critical for developing disease biomarkers. Although methods for detecting DMRs in microarray data have been introduced, developing methods with high precision, recall, and accuracy in determining the true length of DMRs remains a challenge. In this study, we propose a normalized kernel-weighted model to account for similar methylation profiles using the relative probe distance from ""nearby"" CpG sites. We also extend this model by proposing an array-adaptive version in attempt to account for the differences in probe spacing between Illumina's Infinium 450K and EPIC bead array respectively. We also study the asymptotic results of our proposed statistic. We compare our approach with a popular DMR detection method via simulation studies under large and small treatment effect settings. We also discuss the susceptibility of our method in detecting the true length of the DMRs under these two settings. Lastly, we demonstrate the biological usefulness of our method when combined with pathway analysis methods on oral cancer data. We have created an R package called idDMR, downloadable from GitHub repository with link: https://github.com/DanielAlhassan/idDMR, that allows for the convenient implementation of our array-adaptive DMR method.","['D019175', 'D006801', 'D018899', 'D020411', 'D009062', 'D000465', 'D012984', 'D003198']"
38941152,Comparative evaluation of culture results and composition of microbiome of removed tonsils due to distant focal disease or other reasons. A prospective pilot study.,"The aim of this prospective pilot study was to compare culture and microbiome results of the removed tonsils of patients with assumed distant focal disease (11 patients) and those who underwent a tonsillectomy, due to other reasons, such as recurrent tonsillitis, tonsil stones or snoring (nine patients). Aerobic culture was carried out for samples taken from the surface of the tonsils by swabs before tonsillectomy for all 20 patients. The squeezed detritus and the tissue samples of removed tonsils, taken separately for the right and left tonsils, were incubated aerobically and anaerobically. The microbiome composition of tissue samples of removed tonsils was also evaluated. Based on the culture results of the deep samples Staphylococcus aureus was the dominating pathogen, besides a great variety of anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria present in the oral microbiota in those patients who underwent tonsillectomy due to distant focal diseases. Microbiome study of the core tissue samples showed a great diversity on genus and species level among patients of the two groups however, S. aureus and Prevotella nigrescens were present in higher proportion in those, whose tonsils were removed due to distant focal diseases. Our results may support previous findings about the possible triggering role of S. aureus and P. nigrescens leading to distant focal diseases. Samples taken by squeezing the tonsils could give more information about the possible pathogenic/triggering bacteria than the surface samples cultured only aerobically.","['D006801', 'D010865', 'D064307', 'D014066', 'D011446', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D014068', 'D000328', 'D014069', 'D002648', 'D000293', 'D055815', 'D001419', 'D013211', 'D008875']"
38940970,Translation and validation of the French version of the child perceptions questionnaire for children aged 11 to 14 years old (CPQ11-14) short-form.,"The COHQoL is a set of questionnaires used to evaluate the impact of oral health on children's quality of life. Although the CPQ8-10 and the P-CPQ have been translated and validated in French, the CPQ11-14 14 has not yet been validated. The aim was to develop a French version of the CPQ11-14 16-items.","['D006801', 'D002648', 'D011795', 'D005260', 'D000293', 'D008297', 'D003430', 'D011788', 'D015203', 'D009909', 'D005602', 'D014177', 'D002972', 'D002971']"
38940938,Central Myoepithelioma of the Maxilla.,"Myoepithelioma is a benign salivary gland tumor. Central myoepitheliomas are very rare. The aim of this report was to describe a case of maxillary myoepithelioma. A 14-year-old female patient presented with an multilocular lesion in the anterior maxilla, with nearly 8 months of duration. The lesion was asymptomatic, and the patient's dental history was unremarkable. The diagnostic hypothesis was an odontogenic tumor. Biopsy specimen consisted of nests of plasmacytoid cells in a myxoid stroma without duct formation. No cellular atypia or bone and cartilage formation were noted. The neoplastic cells were positive for Pan-cytokeratin, S100, CK7, and CK8. The final diagnosis was myoepithelioma. The patient was treated by surgical excision followed by bone curettage, and no signs of recurrence were found after 8 years of treatment.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D009208', 'D000293', 'D008441', 'D014408']"
38940883,Is there a relationship between the presence of external root resorption in second molars adjacent to impacted mandibular third molars with awake bruxism and masticatory muscle activity?,This study aimed to assess whether awake bruxism and masticatory muscle activity could be related to external root resorption (ERR) in second molars adjacent to impacted mandibular third molars.,"['D006801', 'D004576', 'D008964', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D014095', 'D000328', 'D054893', 'D012391', 'D008963', 'D002012', 'D008410', 'D008334']"
38940099,Role of diet in primary and secondary prevention of periodontitis and non-specific inflammatory bowel diseases. Part II.,"Both periodontitis and non-specific bowel diseases (IBD) are complex chronic diseases, and the elements connecting them are the dysregulated microbiota and abnormal immune response of the host. In turn, in the etiology of these diseases, the common environmental risk factor is improper mode of nutrition. The aim of the study is to review nutritional interventions and effective nutritional protocols applied in periodontitis and IBD. The result of the review will be identification of dietary recommendations exerting a beneficial effect on the reduction of the risk of development and alleviation of the severity of both diseases. At the same time, non-recommended dietary choices will be indicated.","['D006801', 'D015212', 'D010518', 'D004032', 'D055502', 'D011322']"
38940026,Dissecting Crucial Gene Markers Involved in HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma from RNA-Sequencing Data through Explainable Artificial Intelligence.,"The incidence rate of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) worldwide is alarming. In the clinical community, there is a pressing necessity to comprehend the etiology of the OPSCC to facilitate the administration of effective treatments.","['D006801', 'D009959', 'D014408', 'D030361', 'D001185', 'D015972', 'D000077195', 'D000465', 'D017423', 'D000069550', 'D027383', 'D002294']"
38937725,"Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma of the maxilla arising in an old woman, a rare case report and literature review.","Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma (AFS) is a rare malignant odontogenic tumor, commonly occurring in young adults and typically affecting the mandibular region. We report an exceptionally rare and highly atypical case of AFS in an elderly female patient originating from the maxillary bone.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D008441', 'D009808', 'D005354', 'D014057', 'D014746', 'D008279']"
38936920,Association of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Genotypes With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Risk.,"The up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression is a characteristic feature observed across various malignancies, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Nevertheless, the influence of MMP-9 genotype in the context of NPC remains underexplored. This study examined the implications of MMP-9 promoter rs3918242 genotypes on the susceptibility to NPC in Taiwan.","['D000328', 'D000368', 'D005260', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D000483', 'D016022', 'D005787', 'D056726', 'D020022', 'D005838', 'D020780', 'D000077274', 'D009303', 'D016017', 'D020641', 'D011401', 'D012307', 'D013624']"
38935335,"Effects of various prosthetic methods for patients with Kennedy Class I partial edentulism on oral hypofunction, subjective symptoms, and oral health-related quality of life.","This propensity score matching, multicenter, cross-sectional study was performed to examine the effects of various prosthetic methods for dental clinic outpatients with Kennedy Class I partial edentulism (KCIPE) on oral hypofunction, subjective frailty symptoms, and oral health-related quality of life (QOL).","['D006801', 'D011788', 'D003430', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D009909', 'D007576', 'D003832', 'D000368', 'D011795', 'D057216', 'D019094', 'D003830', 'D000328']"
38935197,Pure Apocrine Intraductal Carcinoma of Salivary Glands: Reassessment of Molecular Underpinnings and Behavior.,"Intraductal carcinoma (IDC) of the salivary glands is a confounding entity, our understanding of which continues to evolve. At least four forms have been elucidated based on histomorphology, immunophenotype, and molecular profile: (1) intercalated duct-like, S100/SOX10+ with frequent NCOA4::RET fusions; (2) oncocytic, S100/SOX10+ with TRIM33::RET, NCOA4::RET, and BRAF V600E; (3) apocrine, AR+ with PI3 kinase pathway mutations; and (4) mixed/hybrid intercalated duct-like/apocrine, with S100/SOX10+ and AR+ areas and frequent TRIM27::RET. The revelation that myoepithelial cells harbor the same fusion as luminal cells suggested that fusion-positive cases are not in situ carcinomas as previously believed. To this point, purely apocrine IDC with entirely intraductal growth has not been found to harbor fusions, but very few cases have been tested.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D005260', 'D012468', 'D000369', 'D002285', 'D014408', 'D000328', 'D044584']"
38934763,Maxillomandibular Fusion Along with Fusion of Dorsal Surface of the Tongue to the Hard Palate-A Case Report.,"This case report presents a rare combination of congenital anomalies in an otherwise healthy male infant born at 36 weeks. The infant was diagnosed with congenital maxillomandibular synechia, ectrodactyly, and ankyloglossia superior syndrome (ASS).","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D002972', 'D014059', 'D021362', 'D007231', 'D000015', 'D008437', 'D000072676', 'D007569', 'D008334']"
38934761,Gout Arthritis of Temporomandibular Joint - A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature.,Gout is a metabolic disorder that leads to elevated serum uric acid levels and deposition of urate crystals in the joints. The disease is usually confined to the joint space and leads to pain and limitation of jaw opening. The case describes a 45-year-old female patient with a chief complaint of 'occasional pain in the left temporal muscle region'. The case disclosed a gout manifestation in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) after physical and radiographic findings. Gout manifestation in the TMJ is an unusual presentation and a few reports in the English literature address the subject. Gout in the TMJ should be included as a differential diagnosis for joint disorders because of its rarity. A clinician may overlook gout involving the TMJ in the differential diagnosis of facial pain even when the patient has received a diagnosis of gout in other joints.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D013705', 'D015210', 'D003937']"
38934760,Prostate Metastasis in Oral Malignant Melanoma - A Case Report.,"Melanoma is the ninth most prevalent and the second most lethal tumour. The aetiology and pathogenesis remain uncertain. It occurs in elderly people, over the fifth decade, and is predominant in males. Clinically, they present as an asymptomatic macular or nodular growth. The prognosis is impacted by the size of the tumour and distant metastases. Patients with distant metastases have a 5-year survival rate of less than 30%, constituting metastasis as the major cause of melanoma-related fatality. Currently, the mainstay of treatment for metastatic melanoma is immunotherapy due to the inoperable state, radioresistant nature of the tumour and high chances of cytotoxicity in chemotherapy. A senile male patient, who was diagnosed with oral malignant melanoma of the maxillary buccopalatal gingiva with distant metastasis to the liver and the prostate, is reported here. Although metastasis to the liver is common among malignant melanomas, in this case metastasis to the prostate gland highlights the rarity.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D008545', 'D011471', 'D009062', 'D008113', 'D005887', 'D000368']"
38934759,Ludwig's Angina During Pregnancy-A Case Report.,"Pregnancy is accompanied by several physiological changes such as altered salivary flow rate, mucosal immunity and altered microbial flora. This may predispose pregnant women to oral health problems. This could be accentuated by oral health neglect, polypharmacy and a host of other factors, including dietary modification. However, a very significant percentage of women are not counselled on oral health during pregnancy. Lack of proper oral healthcare and awareness predispose pregnant women to oral and odontogenic infections, which can lead to severe complications. The manuscript aims to present a rare case of Ludwig's angina (LA) in a full-term pregnant woman requiring immediate attention.","['D006801', 'D008158', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D000328', 'D011248']"
38934758,Management of Partially Edentulous Arches Using a Cast Metal Framework with Thermoplastic Denture Base Clasp-Like Extension on Anterior Abutment Teeth - A Case Report.,"Rehabilitation of partially edentulous arches with a cast partial denture is a commonly opted treatment modality where fixed prosthesis is not indicated. However, due to the aesthetic compromise of the various metal components when placed in the esthetic zone, different modifications have been considered for its fabrication. This case report describes a novel way of restoring partially edentulous arches with increased masticatory efficiency and good emergence profile without compromising the patient's esthetic desires. The report describes an aesthetic alternative using thermoplastic denture base clasp like extension for anterior abutment teeth while restoring the missing teeth with a cast partial denture.","['D006801', 'D000044', 'D003779', 'D003819', 'D007576', 'D004955', 'D016734', 'D005260', 'D008297']"
38934756,"Evaluation of Remineralizing Capacity of Tricalcium Phosphate, Nano-Hydroxyapatite and Ozone Remineralizing Agents on the Artificial Carious Lesion.","Dental caries is a dynamic process. By using therapeutic agents, early, noncavitated lesions and caries limited to the enamel can be stopped or even remineralized. For the remineralization of the initial carious lesion, many nonfluoridated remineralizing agents were investigated.","['D002130', 'D014089', 'D017886', 'D003731', 'D006801', 'D010126', 'D066298', 'D002327', 'D001641', 'D003743']"
38934752,Effectiveness of Plaque Removal Using Different Toothbrushes in Children - A Comparative Study.,"Effective plaque control is essential for improved oral health. Advancements in mechanical plaque removal using toothbrushes still continue. One such sophisticated intervention is the app-based toothbrush, a new innovative technology that helps to track the child's brushing habits.","['D006801', 'D014099', 'D002648', 'D003773', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D003774', 'D004867']"
38934751,Efficacy and Viability of Subgingival Application of Probiotics as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in Periodontitis.,This study aimed to compare the efficacy of subgingivally applied probiotics as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) vs SRP alone in patients with periodontitis.,"['D006801', 'D019936', 'D012534', 'D016745', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D010518', 'D008875', 'D016896', 'D010514', 'D010512', 'D003131']"
38934749,Index of Caries Experience - A Composite System for Recording Dental Caries.,"Measurement of dental caries is imperative for its prevention and control. The present study was conducted with the aim of developing a dental caries index that is reliable, reversible, and valid. A cross-sectional study was designed and conducted at the outreach dental clinics of a dental school in India.","['D006801', 'D003731', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D003430', 'D000328', 'D000293', 'D004245', 'D055815', 'D008875', 'D007194', 'D000367', 'D012737', 'D000368']"
38934745,Salivary Interleukin-6 as a Non-Invasive Biomarker for Chronic Periodontitis and Tooth Loss in Type 2 Diabetes.,"Periodontitis and type 2 diabetes are chronic inflammatory diseases that increase inflammatory Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels that induce the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) causing receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) expression on osteoclasts, contributing to further alveolar bone destruction.","['D006801', 'D055113', 'D008875', 'D015850', 'D012463', 'D015415', 'D003430', 'D003924', 'D005260', 'D016388', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D000368']"
38934744,Evaluation of the Effect of Occlusal Calibration in Periodontitis Patients with Occlusal Trauma Using T-Scan.,High occlusal forces in patients with untreated periodontitis may reflect occlusal trauma-associated periodontal conditions. Occlusal analysis using T-scan might provide the distribution of occlusal loading forces in periodontitis patients. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of occlusal trauma in periodontitis patients and occlusal calibration using a T-scan.,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D010518', 'D008875', 'D011862', 'D001732', 'D016745', 'D012534', 'D003769', 'D002138']"
38934740,Comparative Evaluation of Normal Saline Gel and Ozone Therapy on Soft and Hard Tissue Health in Dental Implant Surgery.,"To comparatively evaluate the effect of normal saline gel and ozonated saline-ozonated gel (ozone therapy) on pain, inflammation, soft tissue, and crestal bone loss in dental implant surgery.","['D006801', 'D010126', 'D005782', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D002097', 'D000077330', 'D015921', 'D003774', 'D016301', 'D010512', 'D010147', 'D003757', 'D007249']"
38934339,Implementing online learning of Diagnostic Criteria for the Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) protocol in undergraduate dental education.,The Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) is part of the undergraduate dental curriculum. Online teaching has nowadays become common also in dentistry.,"['D006801', 'D013705', 'D004497', 'D020375', 'D005387', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D003479', 'D011795']"
38933282,Identification of drug targets for Sjögren's syndrome: multi-omics Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses.,Targeted therapy for Sjögren's syndrome (SS) has become an important focus for clinicians. Multi-omics-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses have provided new ideas for identifying potential drug targets.,"['D006801', 'D012859', 'D057182', 'D040641', 'D019175', 'D055106', 'D062105', 'D020022', 'D058990', 'D020641', 'D000095028']"
38932619,Development and effect of orodispersible film incorporated with Biosilicate for remineralization of dental enamel subjected to cariogenic and erosive challenge.,The objective of this in vitro study was to assess the efficiency of incorporating Biosilicate particles (30 and 50 mg) into an experimental orodispersible film and its efficacy in the remineralization process of bovine dental enamel under cariogenic and erosive challenges.,"['D003743', 'D000818', 'D002417', 'D014089', 'D003731', 'D014077']"
38931297,D-Tagatose: A Rare Sugar with Functional Properties and Antimicrobial Potential against Oral Species.,"Carbohydrates have a dietary role, but excessive consumption of high-calorie sugars can contribute to an increased incidence of metabolic diseases and dental caries. Recently, carbohydrates with sweetening properties and low caloric value, such as D-tagatose, have been investigated as alternative sugars. D-tagatose is a rare sugar that has nutritional and functional properties of great interest for health. This literature review presents an approach to the biological effects of D-tagatose, emphasizing its benefits for oral health. Studies report that D-tagatose has antioxidant and prebiotic effects, low digestibility, reduced glycemic and insulinemic responses, and the potential to improve the lipid profile, constituting an alternative for diabetes mellitus and obesity. It can also be observed that D-tagatose has an antioxidant action, favoring the elimination of free radicals and, consequently, causing a reduction in cellular oxidative stress. Furthermore, it also has antibacterial potential against oral species. Regarding oral health, studies have shown that D-tagatose efficiently reversed bacterial coaggregations, including periodontopathogenic species, and impaired the activity and growth of cariogenic bacteria, such as S. mutans. D-tagatose significantly inhibited biofilm formation, pH decrease and insoluble glucan synthesis in S. mutans cultures. Salivary S. mutans counts were also significantly reduced by the consumption of chewing gum containing D-tagatose and xylitol. In addition, there is evidence that tagatose is effective as an air-polishing powder for biofilm decontamination. The literature indicates that D-tagatose can contribute to the prevention of systemic diseases, also constituting a promising agent to improve oral health.","['D006601', 'D006801', 'D000975', 'D013295', 'D003731', 'D009909', 'D056692', 'D018441', 'D000900', 'D000818']"
38931295,Evaluating the Therapeutic Properties of Natural Products in Orthodontic and Surgical Treatment of Dentofacial Deformities: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials.,"The use of natural products as alternatives to traditional pharmacological treatments in orthodontics is gaining interest due to their anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. This systematic review synthesizes evidence from clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of natural products in reducing inflammation and bacterial presence in orthodontic and orthognathic treatment settings. The database search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Embase up to January 2024. The review focused on randomized controlled trials only. The selected studies centered on the anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant effects of natural products, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for data extraction. Nine studies, totaling 358 participants, were included. Significant findings demonstrated a reduction in gingival inflammation by over 40% with the use of Aloe vera compared to chlorhexidine. Another study noted a decrease in bleeding on probing by 13.6 points in the treatment group over placebo. Additionally, honey showed a rapid modulation of plaque pH and significantly reduced bacterial counts of Streptococcus mutans. Furthermore, the use of resveratrol emulgel was linked to substantial improvements in gingival health, with a reduction in the gingival index and probing pocket depth. The results indicate that natural products can significantly enhance orthodontic treatment outcomes by reducing inflammation and bacterial levels. These products offer effective alternatives to traditional treatments and show potential for integration into routine orthodontic care protocols. Further research is encouraged to standardize application methods and dosages to maximize clinical benefits and patient satisfaction.","['D006801', 'D000504', 'D000900', 'D000893', 'D000975', 'D001688', 'D002710', 'D063169', 'D005891', 'D006722', 'D009970', 'D028321', 'D016032', 'D000077185', 'D013295', 'D016896']"
38930897,Fucoxanthin Induces Ferroptosis in Cancer Cells via Downregulation of the Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 Pathway.,"This study investigated the mechanism by which fucoxanthin acts as a novel ferroptosis inducer to inhibit tongue cancer. The MTT assay was used to detect the inhibitory effects of fucoxanthin on SCC-25 human tongue squamous carcinoma cells. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total iron were measured. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting were used to assess glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Keap1, solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), transferrin receptor protein 1 (TFR1), p53, and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression. Molecular docking was performed to validate interactions. Compared with the control group, the activity of fucoxanthin-treated SCC-25 cells significantly decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The levels of MMP, GSH, and SOD significantly decreased in fucoxanthin-treated SCC-25 cells; the levels of ROS, MDA, and total iron significantly increased. mRNA and protein expression levels of Keap1, GPX4, Nrf2, and HO-1 in fucoxanthin-treated cells were significantly decreased, whereas levels of TFR1 and p53 were significantly increased, in a concentration-dependent manner. Molecular docking analysis revealed that binding free energies of fucoxanthin with p53, SLC7A11, GPX4, Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, and TFR1 were below -5 kcal/mol, primarily based on active site hydrogen bonding. Our findings suggest that fucoxanthin can induce ferroptosis in SCC-25 cells, highlighting its potential as a treatment for tongue cancer.","['D006801', 'D051267', 'D000079403', 'D024341', 'D051547', 'D045744', 'D000080662', 'D062105', 'D017382', 'D015398', 'D014062', 'D011990', 'D053078', 'D000072019', 'D015972', 'D027182', 'D013482', 'D015536', 'D015703']"
38929622,A 2-Year Randomized Clinical Trial of Three Bonding Techniques in Non-Carious Cervical Lesions.,"Background and objective: The aim of this randomized split-mouth study-controlled clinical trial was to compare the 2-year clinical performance of resin composite restorations placed at non-caries cervical lesions (NCCL) with one-step self-etch, total-etch, and selective enamel etch and self-etch adhesive techniques. Materials and methods: Thirty-two patients received three resin composite restorations each at NCCLs (Tetric EvoCeram/Ivoclar/Vivadent), bonded with a total-etch adhesive agent (ExciTE F/Ivoclar/Vivadent) and a self-etch (AdheSE One F/Ivoclar/Vivadent) without and with selective enamel etching. All restorations were evaluated by two examiners at baseline, 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-months with FDI clinical criteria (post-operation regarding retention, caries occurrence, marginal adaptation, and marginal staining). A logistic regression analysis, a Cohen's kappa statistic, a multifactorial analysis, and X2 were performed with generalized estimating equations. Results: After 2 years, the retention rate was 86.8% for total etch, 92.26% for self-etch, and 93.63% for selective enamel etching and self-etch. No caries was detected on the restorations. Concerning marginal adaptation, the clinically perfect restorations were 26.9% for the total-etch technique, 16% for self-etch, and 25.9% for selective enamel etch and self-etch. The logistic regression model revealed that only time reduced the probability of perfect marginal adaptation. Conclusions: All three adhesive strategies provided restorations with no significant differences in the retention rate or marginal adaptation, whereas the total etch yielded better performance for marginal staining. All restorations were assessed as clinically acceptable after 2 years.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D003793', 'D003188', 'D019237', 'D001840', 'D003731']"
38929604,Lichen Planus of the Lip-Case Series and Review of the Literature.,"Background and Objectives: Lichen planus of the lip (LPL) is a chronic inflammatory condition that resembles actinic cheilitis, discoid lupus erythematosus, graft-versus-host disease, and lichenoid reaction to dental materials or drugs. The purpose of this study was to conduct a literature review on lichen planus lip involvement and to report a retrospective observational study that characterises and explores the clinical, histopathological, and evolution of the lesions in a group of patients with unique involvement of LPL. Materials and Methods: Clinical data of patients diagnosed with LPL was retrieved from the medical charts of the patients referred to the Oral Pathology Department of the ""Carol Davila"" University of Medicine and Pharmacy. A concurrent electronic literature research was carried out using PubMed and Web of Science from 2003 to 2023. Results: Eleven patients diagnosed with unique LPL were analysed (male/female ratio was 1.75, mean age 63.64 years ± 12.52). All patients presented lesions of the lower lip; the clinical forms were atrophic (six cases) and erosive (five cases), and the histopathological exam confirmed the diagnosis. After topical treatment with corticosteroids, most of the patients had complete remission. The literature review revealed 24 studies (sixteen case reports and eight case series) which comprised 84 patients. Isolated lip involvement was reported in 17 studies, and five articles with concomitant oral lichen planus, while two articles did not mention this criterion. Conclusions: Our study brings new data on isolated lichen planus of the lip that primarily affects the lower lip with predominance in male patients. It was reported worldwide in patients between 22 and 75 years old. Topical corticosteroids were the main treatment prescribed and they usually brought remission of the lesions. Lichen planus of the lip is a challenging diagnosis for oral health practitioner providers as well as for dermatologists.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D012189', 'D017676', 'D008046', 'D008010', 'D000328', 'D008047', 'D000369']"
38929584,Milk Consumption and Its Association with Dental Caries: Gender-Specific Insights from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2015).,"Background and Objectives: This study aims to bridge these gaps by utilizing data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2015), examining the nuanced associations between milk consumption's quantity, frequency, and type and the prevalence of dental caries. Materials and Methods: Utilizing data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2015), this study explores the association between milk consumption and the prevalence of dental caries in a sample of 4843 subjects (weighted n = 15,581), including 2856 males and 1987 females; weighted sample sizes were 6656 and 8925 for men and women, respectively. The prevalence of dental caries was assessed by evaluating the number of decayed, filled, and missing teeth. Results: The analysis demonstrated a significant positive association between increased milk consumption and the risk of developing dental caries, with an overall odds ratio of 1.653 (95% CI: 1.153-2.370, p < 0.05). The association was more pronounced in females, exhibiting an odds ratio of 1.865 (95% CI: 1.157-3.006, p < 0.05), and age was identified as a significant variable, particularly among participants aged 50 and above. In contrast, the relationship among the male group, though positive (odds ratio: 1.613, 95% CI: 0.991-2.625), was not statistically significant (p = 0.054). Conclusion: These findings suggest that milk consumption may be a potential risk indicator for dental caries, particularly among women, emphasizing the need for targeted dietary recommendations in dental health practices.","['D006801', 'D003731', 'D008297', 'D056910', 'D005260', 'D009749', 'D008892', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D000818', 'D015995', 'D012737', 'D000368', 'D016017']"
38929569,Analysis of the Effect of Exams on Perceived Stress and Temporomandibular Joint Status in Physiotherapy Students: A Pilot Study.,"Background and Objectives: Temporomandibular disorders or dysfunction (TMDs) encompass a range of complex conditions that impact the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), chewing muscles, teeth, and/or their supporting tissues. Stress is one of the most associated factors studied as a TMD predictor. The aim is to figure out the influence of stress on TMJ status and salivary cortisol in university students during and before exams. Materials and Methods: The study was non-experimental, employing a longitudinal, analytical, observational cohort design. The study population consisted of students enrolled in the physiotherapy degree program at the Alfonso X El Sabio University (Madrid, Spain). Data were collected during two distinct academic periods: the first period was characterized by low academic stress and no exams, and the second period coincided with the high academic stress of final course exams. The collected results included sociodemographic data, assessment of TMJ status (Fonseca Index), evaluation of muscle evaluation (masseter, upper trapezius, and sternocleidomastoid) using a MOXY Monitor (muscle oxygenation) and Neurotrac® (surface EMG, sEMG), assessment of perceived stress (PSS-14), and measurement of salivary cortisol (enzyme immunoassay with Elisa). The statistical analysis was conducted with a confidence level of 95% (p ≤ 0.05) and asymptotic or bilateral significance. Results: 70 students were analyzed during two different measurement periods. According to the Fonseca Index, initially, 37.14% of the analyzed students showed mild TMDs, 17.14% moderate TMDs, and 45.72% showed no TMDs. In general terms, stress increased with age and is related to female sex, maximum mouth opening decreased with age, oxygen saturation decreased with age and academic stress, and myoglobin concentration was related to age. Furthermore, muscle contraction decreased during higher academic stress and increased with age. For women, age was a risk factor for suffering from TMDs, and stress worsened the transition from having TMDs to having no TMDs in both sexes. Conclusions: Academic stress influences TMJ status and muscle outcomes such as oxygen saturation, myoglobin concentration, and muscle contraction, although more research is needed.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D010865', 'D013315', 'D013705', 'D013704', 'D013030', 'D000328', 'D006854', 'D012463', 'D055815', 'D008137', 'D013334', 'D015331']"
38929560,Effect of Treating Periodontal Disease in Pregnant Women to Reduce the Risk of Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight: An Umbrella Review.,"Background: The aim of this review was to evaluate the effects of periodontal disease (PD) treatment in pregnant women to reduce the risk of preterm birth (PB) and low birth weight (LBW) by conducting an umbrella review. Methods: A comprehensive search for the literature up to April 2024 was conducted across multiple databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, EMBASE, Scielo, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, and OpenGrey. We specifically targeted systematic reviews (SRs) with or without meta-analyses, irrespective of language or time constraints, focusing on primary studies examining the effect of PD treatment in pregnant women to reduce the risk of PB and LBW. Various types of non-systematic reviews, intervention studies, observational studies, preclinical and basic research, summaries, comments, case reports, protocols, personal opinions, letters, and posters were excluded from consideration. The quality and overall confidence of the included studies were assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Results: After the initial search, 232 articles were identified, of which only 24 met the selection criteria after exclusion. The majority of these studies indicated that periodontal treatment reduces the risk of PB and LBW. Conclusions: According to the findings and conclusions drawn from the SRs with a high overall confidence level, PD treatment in pregnant women reduces the risk of PB and LBW.","['D006801', 'D011247', 'D005260', 'D007230', 'D010510', 'D047928', 'D007231', 'D011248']"
38951759,Role of fibroblast growth factor-23 as an early marker of metabolic bone disease of prematurity.,"Metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBDP) remains a significant cause of morbidity in extremely premature newborns. In high-risk patients, suspected diagnosis and subsequent treatment modifications, with limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity, rely on low phosphorus levels and/or high levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). We investigated the potential of fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) as an early marker for MBDP when measured at 3-4 weeks of life in at-risk patients.","['D006801', 'D000089703', 'D007231', 'D005260', 'D005346', 'D015415', 'D011446', 'D008297', 'D001851', 'D007235', 'D007234']"
38951574,"Automated detection, labelling and radiological grading of clinical spinal MRIs.","Spinal magnetic resonance (MR) scans are a vital tool for diagnosing the cause of back pain for many diseases and conditions. However, interpreting clinically useful information from these scans can be challenging, time-consuming and hard to reproduce across different radiologists. In this paper, we alleviate these problems by introducing a multi-stage automated pipeline for analysing spinal MR scans. This pipeline first detects and labels vertebral bodies across several commonly used sequences (e.g. T1w, T2w and STIR) and fields of view (e.g. lumbar, cervical, whole spine). Using these detections it then performs automated diagnosis for several spinal disorders, including intervertebral disc degenerative changes in T1w and T2w lumbar scans, and spinal metastases, cord compression and vertebral fractures. To achieve this, we propose a new method of vertebrae detection and labelling, using vector fields to group together detected vertebral landmarks and a language-modelling inspired beam search to determine the corresponding levels of the detections. We also employ a new transformer-based architecture to perform radiological grading which incorporates context from multiple vertebrae and sequences, as a real radiologist would. The performance of each stage of the pipeline is tested in isolation on several clinical datasets, each consisting of 66 to 421 scans. The outputs are compared to manual annotations of expert radiologists, demonstrating accurate vertebrae detection across a range of scan parameters. Similarly, the model's grading predictions for various types of disc degeneration and detection of spinal metastases closely match those of an expert radiologist. To aid future research, our code and trained models are made publicly available.","['D006801', 'D008279', 'D013122', 'D013131', 'D055959', 'D007091', 'D007090']"
38951267,The potential role of serum amyloid A as biomarker of rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"The identification of novel, robust biomarkers for the diagnosis of rheumatic diseases (RDs) and the presence of active disease might facilitate early treatment and the achievement of favourable long-term outcomes. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating the acute phase reactant, serum amyloid A (SAA), in RD patients and healthy controls to appraise its potential as diagnostic biomarker. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to 10 April 2024 for relevant studies. We evaluated the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist and GRADE, respectively (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024537418). In 32 studies selected for analysis, SAA concentrations were significantly higher in RD patients compared to controls (SMD = 1.61, 95% CI 1.24-1.98, p < 0.001) and in RD patients with active disease compared to those in remission (SMD = 2.17, 95% CI 1.21-3.13, p < 0.001). Summary receiving characteristics curve analysis showed a good diagnostic accuracy of SAA for the presence of RDs (area under the curve = 0.81, 95% CI 0.78-0.84). The effect size of the differences in SAA concentrations between RD patients and controls was significantly associated with sex, body mass index, type of RD, and study country. Pending the conduct of prospective studies in different types of RDs, the results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that SAA is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of RDs and active disease.","['D000685', 'D006801', 'D015415', 'D012216', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D012372']"
38951103,[Chinese expert consensus on off-label use of Tocilizumab in rheumatic diseases].,"The interleukin-6 (IL-6) pathway plays a crucial role in various rheumatic diseases. Tocilizumab, a biologic targeting IL-6 receptor, has been widely used in clinical practice, though it's officially approved in China for only three indications. To address clinical challenges associated with the off-label use of tocilizumab in treating rheumatic diseases, the Committee of Chinese Primary Health Care Foundation for Rheumatologists and Immunologists engaged multidisciplinary experts and highlight 12 related clinical issues. We aggregated the drug specifications, the guidelines for clinical management of rheumatic diseases and the evidence from clinical research. Recommendations were formed through voting with the consensus conference method incorporating the Oxford evidence-based medicine criteria to evaluate the strength of evidence and recommendations. We have formulated 10 recommendations for off-label use of tocilizumab related to giant cell arteritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, Takayasu arteritis, systemic sclerosis, adult-onset Still's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. This consensus aims to provide references for the rational use of tocilizumab in clinical practice and enhance pharmacovigilance monitoring.","['D006801', 'D061067', 'D012216', 'D056687', 'D002681', 'D032921', 'D015850', 'D000095225']"
38951091,"[Clinical, imaging, and pathological characteristics of 35 cases of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes syndrome].","Objective: To summarize the clinical, imaging, and pathological characteristics of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes syndrome (MELAS) to improve the diagnosis of this rare disease. Methods: A retrospective case series was conducted to collect the clinical data and results of genetic testing, muscle biopsy, and imaging studies including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of 35 patients with MELAS admitted to the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from 2012 to 2021. Descriptive statistical analysis including mean, standard deviation, and frequency percentage were carried out. Results: The average age of onset of the patients was 30.2±2.3 years; the prevalence of family history was 20%. The two main initial symptoms were limb weakness and convulsions. The clinical manifestations of the neuromuscular system were proximal muscle weakness and exercise intolerance. The endocrine system is the most affected outside the neuromuscular system, with diabetes being the most common condition. Among the five patients who underwent brain CT, four showed hypodense lesions and two had calcified lesions. Brain MRI in 26 patients showed that the lesions more often affected the parietal lobe, basal ganglia, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, and frontal lobe than the infratentorial areas. Twelve of these individuals exhibited different levels of brain atrophy. Among the 10 patients who underwent 1H-MRS, nine showed a decrease in N-acetylaspartate (NAA) levels, eight exhibited abnormal lactate elevation (Lac peaks), whereas six had both reduced NAA levels and the presence of Lac peaks. Thirty-one patients underwent genetic testing; among them, 25 were found to have the mt.3243A>G mutation, while the remaining six exhibited rare gene alterations. Muscle biopsies were performed in 21 patients, and 15 showed abnormal mitochondrial proliferation manifested by ragged red fibers and defective oxidative phosphorylation manifested by cytochrome C oxidase (COX) enzyme-deficient muscle fibers. Conclusion: The clinical manifestations of MELAS syndrome are variable and complex, and early atypical symptoms could be missed or misdiagnosed. A detailed clinical history, imaging MRS analysis, muscle biopsy, and genetic testing are necessary to confirm the accurate diagnosis of MELAS.","['D006801', 'D017241', 'D012189', 'D000328', 'D008279', 'D001921', 'D014057', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D009682']"
38950026,Proteomics analysis of deep fascia in acute compartment syndrome.,"Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is a syndrome in which local circulation is affected due to increased pressure within the compartment. We previously found in patients with calf fractures, the pressure of fascial compartment could be sharply reduced upon the appearance of tension blisters. Deep fascia, as the important structure for compartment, might play key role in this process. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the differences in gene profile in deep fascia tissue in fracture patients of the calf with or without tension blisters, and to explore the role of fascia in pressure improvement in ACS. Patients with lower leg fracture were enrolled and divided into control group (CON group, n = 10) without tension blister, and tension blister group (TB group, n = 10). Deep fascia tissues were collected and LC-MS/MS label-free quantitative proteomics were performed. Genes involved in fascia structure and fibroblast function were further validated by Western blot. The differentially expressed proteins were found to be mainly enriched in pathways related to protein synthesis and processing, stress fiber assembly, cell-substrate adhesion, leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity, and cellular response to stress. Compared with the CON group, the expression of Peroxidasin homolog (PXDN), which promotes the function of fibroblasts, and Leukocyte differentiation antigen 74 (CD74), which enhances the proliferation of fibroblasts, were significantly upregulated (p all <0.05), while the expression of Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), which is involved in collagen hydrolysis, and Neutrophil elastase (ELANE), which is involved in elastin hydrolysis, were significantly reduced in the TB group (p all <0.05), indicating fascia tissue underwent microenvironment reconstruction during ACS. In summary, the ACS accompanied by blisters is associated with the enhanced function and proliferation of fibroblasts and reduced hydrolysis of collagen and elastin. The adaptive alterations in the stiffness and elasticity of the deep fascia might be crucial for pressure release of ACS.","['D006801', 'D040901', 'D003161', 'D008297', 'D005205', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D000208', 'D000368']"
38949004,Multimodal approach to address the multifaceted nature of Chronic Musculoskeletal Disorders: Bridging the gap between research and clinical practice.,"Musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders encompass various conditions impacting bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and nerves. An estimated 1.71 billion individuals globally have MSK disorders, causing disability and reduced quality of life. Literature contradicts the notion that musculoskeletal pain and disability solely arise from physical impairments; psychological, behavioural, and social factors contribute significantly. These facets influence pain perception and chronic impairment development. Common interventions-medication, exercise, manual and hydrotherapy, electro-thermal modalities, behavioural and alternative therapies-address pain individually, yet lack the comprehensive response required. In contrast, a multimodal approach combines diverse therapies tailored to individual needs. It ensures lasting symptom relief, prevents recurrence, and improves function. Although proven effective, clinical implementation of this approach remains limited. This mini-review discusses the reasons behind this gap, underscores multimodal approach importance, and enlightens rehabilitation professionals on its potential for managing chronic musculoskeletal issues.","['D006801', 'D009140', 'D003131', 'D059352', 'D002908', 'D005081']"
38949003,Hyperostosis Frontalis Simulating Metastatic Deposits: Unmasked on SPECT-CT.,"Skeletal scintigraphy has a pivotal role in detecting a number of bone pathologies, but it has its own limitations because of 2D image acquisition. Hybrid imaging acts as a savior in these cases where it is difficult to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions just on the basis of planar images. We present one such case of known breast carcinoma with abnormal increased radiotracer uptake in the skull which was difficult to characterize as benign lesion such as hyperostosis frontalis or metastatic osseous lesion. The importance of describing this case is to have a thorough understanding of hyperostosis patterns and to not confuse it with metastatic deposits in patients with known malignancies.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D001943', 'D003937', 'D006957', 'D000072098', 'D008875', 'D001859']"
38948971,Effect of disease activity on the clinical outcome of SARS CoV-2 in patients with underlying rheumatic diseases; data from global rheumatology alliance.,To determine the effect of disease activity on clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease-2019 in patients with rheumatic diseases.,"['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012216', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D011446', 'D000086402', 'D012121', 'D006760', 'D012720', 'D010154']"
38948968,Diagnostic characteristics and management outcome in patients with acromegaly: A 15-year experience at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.,"To assess the diagnostic features of acromegaly, and analyse its management outcomes over a 15-year period in a tertiary care setting.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000172', 'D010154', 'D000328', 'D062606', 'D012189', 'D008875', 'D000236', 'D010911', 'D016896', 'D055815', 'D016634']"
38948285,[miRNA Is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Diseases by Targeting Osteoprotegerin].,"As a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, osteoprotegerin (OPG) is highly expressed in adults in the lung, heart, kidney, liver, spleen, thymus, prostate, ovary, small intestines, thyroid gland, lymph nodes, trachea, adrenal gland, the testis, and bone marrow. Together with the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) and the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), it forms the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway, which plays an important role in the molecular mechanism of the development of various diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous non-coding RNAs performing regulatory functions in eukaryotes, with a size of about 20-25 nucleotides. miRNA genes are transcribed into primary transcripts by RNA polymerase, bind to RNA-induced silencing complexes, identify target mRNAs through complementary base pairing, with a single miRNA being capable of targeting hundreds of mRNAs, and influence the expression of many genes through pathways involved in functional interactions. In recent years, a large number of studies have been done to explore the mechanism of action of miRNA in diseases through miRNA isolation, miRNA quantification, miRNA spectrum analysis, miRNA target detection, in vitro and in vivo regulation of miRNA levels, and other technologies. It was found that miRNA can play a key role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other diseases by targeting OPG. The purpose of this review is to explore the interaction between miRNA and OPG in various diseases, and to propose new ideas for studying the mechanism of action of OPG in diseases.","['D053244', 'D006801', 'D035683', 'D053246', 'D053245', 'D009369', 'D000818', 'D015398', 'D001172']"
38948276,[H3K27me3 Expression Level and Its Epigenetic Regulation Mechanisms in Th17 Cell Differentiation in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis].,"To investigate the roles of histone H3K27me3 methylation and its regulatory enzymes JMJD3 and EZH2 in the differentiation of Th17 cells in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), to unveil their potential involvement in the pathogenesis of AS, and to provide new strategies and targets for the clinical treatment of AS by analyzing the methylation state of H3K27me3 and its interactions with Th17-related factors.","['D006801', 'D013167', 'D058504', 'D056484', 'D002454', 'D006657', 'D050796', 'D000071221', 'D044127', 'D020381', 'D057132', 'D053614', 'D008745', 'D007378', 'D000097043', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328']"
38948223,Shoulder mobility and strength impairments in patients with rotator cuff related shoulder pain: a systematic review and meta analysis.,"The methods previously proposed in the literature to assess patients with rotator cuff related shoulder pain, based on special orthopedic tests to precisely identify the structure causing the shoulder symptoms have been recently challenged. This opens the possibility of a different way of physical examination.","['D006801', 'D016059', 'D020069', 'D017006', 'D053580', 'D000070636', 'D012785', 'D007738']"
38947324,The role of bilirubin as a biomarker of rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"The identification of novel, yet easily measurable biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress might assist in the diagnosis and management of patients with rheumatic diseases (RDs). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating the circulating concentrations of bilirubin, the end product of heme metabolism and a potent endogenous antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties, in patients with RDs and healthy controls. The electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to 31 December 2023 for relevant articles. We evaluated the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence using the Joanna Briggs Checklist and the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Working Group system, respectively. In 17 eligible studies, all with low risk of bias, compared to controls, patients with RDs had significantly lower concentrations of total bilirubin (standard mean difference, SMD=-0.68, 95% CI -0.91 to -0.44, p<0.001; I2 = 92.5%, p<0.001; low certainty of evidence), direct (conjugated) bilirubin (SMD=-0.67, 95% CI -0.92 to -0.41, p<0.001; I2 = 81.7%, p<0.001; very low certainty of evidence), and the active antioxidant and anti-inflammatory indirect (unconjugated) form of bilirubin (SMD=-0.71, 95% CI -1.18 to -0.24, p=0.003; I2 = 95.1%, p<0.001; very low certainty of evidence). The results of the meta-analysis were stable in sensitivity analysis. In meta-regression, there were no significant associations between the SMD of total bilirubin and several clinical and demographic characteristics, including age, male to female ratio, number of participants, liver enzymes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. In subgroup analysis, the SMD of total bilirubin was significant across a range of RDs, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren syndrome, and myositis. Therefore, the results of our systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that the reductions in bilirubin concentrations observed in patients with RDs reflect a state of impaired antioxidant and anti-inflammatory defence due to bilirubin consumption and highlight the promising role of this endogenous product as a biomarker of RDs.","['D005260', 'D006801', 'D001663', 'D015415', 'D018384', 'D012216', 'D008297']"
38947314,Fertility issues in women of childbearing age with spondyloarthritis.,"The topic of fertility in women with spondyloarthritis (SpA) has been scarcely investigated to date. Recent systematic reviews and registry studies have brought renewed attention to the plight of women of childbearing age with rheumatic diseases, in particular SpA. Fertility may be impacted by physical impairment, hormonal imbalances and psychological distress. Several studies observed a reduction in anti-Müllerian hormone in women with SpA, reflecting a reduced ovarian reserve (OR). Furthermore, disease activity and the use of certain therapies can alter fertility, and this is reflected in a prolonged time-to-pregnancy (TTP), a validated outcome measure that can evaluate the status of subfertility. The employment of glucocorticoids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has also been linked to reduced fertility, whereas the use of biologics, especially tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi), is not associated with a prolonged TTP. In all women of childbearing age with rheumatic diseases, preconception counselling is paramount, and a referral to a reproductive specialist should be considered in the presence of multiple factors that may influence fertility. A comprehensive evaluation involving a multidisciplinary team of rheumatologists, gynaecologists, and often psychologists is warranted. In this narrative review, we collected the currently available literature focusing on fertility issues in women affected by SpA, providing data on fertility outcomes, hormonal imbalance, and therapeutic concerns.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D025241', 'D011247', 'D005298', 'D007247', 'D000328', 'D065851']"
38946534,Osteocyte-derived exosomes regulate the DLX2/wnt pathway to alleviate osteoarthritis by mediating cartilage repair.,"Chondrocyte viability, apoptosis, and migration are closely related to cartilage injury in osteoarthritis (OA) joints. Exosomes are identified as potential therapeutic agents for OA.","['D055354', 'D000818', 'D010003', 'D051379', 'D014157', 'D018398', 'D010011', 'D060449', 'D019902', 'D004195', 'D006801', 'D053583', 'D002358', 'D017209', 'D002356', 'D008297', 'D002465', 'D002470']"
38946379,Is there a relationship between low back pain and ligamentum flavum hypertrophy?,"A condition known as ligamentum flavum (LF) hypertrophy occurs when the ligamentum flavum (LF) swells as a result of pressures applied to the spine. Among the elderly population, lumbar spinal stenosis is a major cause of pain and disabilities. Numerous studies indicate that lumbar spinal stenosis etiology involves the ligamentum flavum in a major way. This study looks into the relationship between low back pain and ligamentum flavum thickening.","['D006801', 'D017843', 'D017116', 'D006984', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D008279', 'D012189', 'D000328', 'D000369', 'D055815', 'D008159', 'D013130']"
38946369,[Clinical characteristics and genetic analysis of a child with Neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy].,To explore the clinical phenotype and genetic basis of a child with Neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy (NLSDM).,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D002648', 'D009135', 'D008052', 'D008049', 'D009154', 'D005820', 'D000073359', 'D003402', 'D010375', 'D010641', 'D000217']"
38946363,[Clinical characteristics and genetic analysis of two children with X-linked Centronuclear myopathy due to variants of MTM1 gene].,To explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of two newborns with Central nuclear myopathy (CNM).,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D020914', 'D007231', 'D009154', 'D000073359', 'D054558', 'D005820']"
38946362,[Analysis of genetic variants and molecular pathogenesis in a Chinese pedigree affected with Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia].,To analyze the genetic variant and molecular pathogenesis in a Chinese pedigree affected with Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED).,"['D006801', 'D010375', 'D000076988', 'D010009', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D044466', 'D019902', 'D000073359', 'D000328', 'D002681', 'D009154', 'D014644', 'D049109', 'D000095225']"
38946357,[Analysis of clinical features of 193 Chinese patients with McCune-Albright syndrome through a literature review].,To retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics of 193 Chinese patients with McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS).,"['D006801', 'D005359', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002648', 'D000293', 'D002681', 'D002675', 'D000328', 'D012189', 'D055815', 'D007223', 'D044466', 'D008875', 'D000095225']"
38946309,Predictive factors for critical care dependency after posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.,"Historically, patients undergoing surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) have been nursed postoperatively in a critical care (CC) setting because of the challenges posed by prone positioning, extensive exposures, prolonged operating times, significant blood loss, major intraoperative fluid shifts, cardiopulmonary complications, and difficulty in postoperative pain management. The primary aim of this paper was to determine whether a scoring system, which uses Cobb angle, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and number of levels to be fused, is a valid method of predicting the need for postoperative critical care in AIS patients who are to undergo scoliosis correction with posterior spinal fusion (PSF).","['D006801', 'D012600', 'D000293', 'D013123', 'D012189', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D002648', 'D003422', 'D000328', 'D055815', 'D011182']"
38946190,A Case of Noonan Syndrome and Kyrle's Disease: Coincidence or Causality?,"A 39-year-old Caucasian woman affected by Noonan Syndrome (NS) mutated in RAF1 was referred to us with itchy lesions on her limbs that had appeared two months earlier. Clinically, there were multiple umbilicated papules with a hyperkeratotic central plug, localized on the upper and lower limbs (Figure 1, a-b). The patient had no personal history of diabetes mellitus and no chronic renal failure, but suffered from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Blood tests showed no abnormalities. On histological examination of a skin lesion, an ectatic hair follicle with hyperkeratotic ostium was observed with fragments of hair, inflammatory cells, and epidermal perforation. A final diagnosis of Kyrle's disease (KD) was established. The patient underwent narrowband UVB (NB-UVB) phototherapy with residual atrophic scars (Figure 1, c-d) but with complete and long-lasting resolution of symptoms as well. KD belongs to perforating dermatoses (PD), a heterogeneous group of skin diseases characterized by the transepidermal elimination of dermal components. Despite the classification of PD being debated, four primary forms are traditionally recognized: reactive perforating collagenosis, elastosis perforans serpiginosum, perforating folliculitis, and KD (1). The typical skin manifestation of KD is an eruption of dome-shaped papules and nodules with a whitish central keratotic plug, mainly localized on the extremities and the buttocks. Described by Kyrle in 1916, KD is frequently associated with systemic diseases, especially chronic renal failure and diabetes mellitus. Other associated conditions include chronic hepatic disease, internal malignancies, and congestive heart disease (1). Despite the absence of a consensus, the control of the underlying disease remains the first therapeutic target. Both topical (keratolytics, retinoids, and corticosteroids) and systemic treatments (corticosteroid, retinoids, antibiotics, and phototherapy) have been reported to control skin manifestations (2). In our experience, NB-UVB is an effective option as first-line therapy in case of diffuse lesions, both in KD and in other PDs (3). NS is a relatively common RASopathy, an heterogenous group of genetic disease characterized by a defect of the Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras-MAPK) pathway, with an estimated prevalence of 1/1000-2500. PTPN11 is the most frequent mutated gene, accounting for 50% of cases, but more than ten genes were identified as causing NS (4). Classical features include a distinctive facial dysmorphism, short stature, pulmonic stenosis, and other anomalies of different organs. The skin is commonly involved. Keratinization disorders and hair abnormalities such as keratosis pilaris, ulerythema ophryogenes, wavy or curly hair, and scarce scalp hair are often described. Other cutaneous signs include easy bruising, skin hyperlaxity, multiple lentigines, and café-au-lait spots (5). To the best of our knowledge, no cases of KD in patients with NS have been previously reported to date. The exact etiopathogenesis of KD is not clear, but it was hypothesized that systemic diseases, such as diabetes and chronic renal failure, can cause a deposit of substances or dermis alterations, which triggers the inflammatory process with subsequent transepidermal extrusion (1). In our patient, we ruled out all the causes commonly associated with KD. It is however possible that this manifestation could be a direct result of our patient's illness. Our patient suffered from diffuse keratosis pilaris, and one of the possible pathogenetic mechanisms of KD was theorized to be an abnormal epidermal keratinization with a secondary inflammatory dermic response (1). On the other hand, the hyperlaxity and fragility of the skin typical of NS suggest the presence of altered connective tissue, which could trigger an abnormal keratinization and, subsequently, the transepidermal extrusion, as well as perforating elastosis, and is associated with genetic connective tissue diseases (1). Moreover, our patient suffered from a cardiac disease, another condition associated with KD (5). Although these explanations have their appeal, there is currently insufficient evidence of a link between KD and NS, and it will be necessary to collect additional data to confirm this hypothesis.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D009634', 'D000328', 'D014467', 'D007644']"
38946111,Genitourinary infection and gastroschisis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Gastroschisis is a congenital anomaly of the umbilical ring with increasing prevalence, especially amongst younger mothers. There is increasing evidence that exposure to genitourinary infections (GUTI) may play an important role in the etiology of gastroschisis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify, appraise, and summarize the literature on exposure to GUTI and gastroschisis.","['D005260', 'D006801', 'D011247', 'D020139', 'D015995', 'D012307', 'D012749', 'D014552']"
38946001,Diabetic myonecrosis complicated by emphysematous pyomyositis and abscess caused by Escherichia coli: a case report.,"Necrotizing myopathies and muscle necrosis can be caused by immune-mediated mechanisms, drugs, ischemia, and infections, and differential diagnosis may be challenging.","['D006801', 'D052880', 'D005260', 'D000038', 'D004927', 'D009336', 'D008279', 'D000900', 'D004926', 'D003922', 'D014552']"
38945544,Decompression alone or decompression with fusion for lumbar spinal stenosis: five-year clinical results from a randomized clinical trial.,"We compared decompression alone to decompression with fusion surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis, with or without degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS). The aim was to evaluate if five-year outcomes differed between the groups. The two-year results from the same trial revealed no differences.","['D006801', 'D013130', 'D019299', 'D005260', 'D013123', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D008159', 'D008875', 'D016896', 'D004185', 'D005500', 'D013548', 'D010147', 'D013168', 'D017060']"
38945538,Robotic arm-assisted conversion of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty to total knee arthroplasty.,"Robotic arm-assisted surgery offers accurate and reproducible guidance in component positioning and assessment of soft-tissue tensioning during knee arthroplasty, but the feasibility and early outcomes when using this technology for revision surgery remain unknown. The objective of this study was to compare the outcomes of robotic arm-assisted revision of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) versus primary robotic arm-assisted TKA at short-term follow-up.","['D006801', 'D019645', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D011446', 'D065287', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D012086', 'D016896', 'D016059', 'D005500', 'D007902', 'D011183', 'D007720', 'D000369', 'D020370']"
38945537,Clinical characteristics and outcomes associated with culture-negative status in limb osteomyelitis patients.,This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes associated with culture-negative limb osteomyelitis patients.,"['D006801', 'D010019', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D003646', 'D012189', 'D000368', 'D000900', 'D016896', 'D055815', 'D000293']"
38945534,Resolving residual acetabular dysplasia following successful brace treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip in infants.,Radiological residual acetabular dysplasia (RAD) has been reported in up to 30% of children who had successful brace treatment of infant developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Predicting those who will resolve and those who may need corrective surgery is important to optimize follow-up protocols. In this study we have aimed to identify the prevalence and predictors of RAD at two years and five years post-bracing.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D007223', 'D000082602', 'D011446', 'D000077', 'D001915', 'D008137', 'D002675', 'D016896', 'D005500', 'D011859', 'D006618']"
38944773,[Comparative analysis of the results of microdiscectomy and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in the treatment of adjacent-level intervertebral disc herniations with lumbosacral transitional vertebra in elderly patients.].,"The purpose of the study was a comparative analysis the effectiveness of microsurgical discectomy and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in the treatment of disk herniation adjacent to the anomaly of the lumbosacral junction segment in elderly patients. The study included 80 elderly patients (over 60 years old), divided into two groups: the 1st-(n=39) who underwent microsurgical discectomy; the 2nd- patients (n=41) operated on using minimally invasive transforaminal interbody fusion and percutaneous transpedicular stabilization (MI-TLIF). For the comparative analysis, we used gender characteristics (gender, age), constitutional characteristics (BMI), degree of physical status according to ASA, intraoperative parameters of interventions and the specificity of postoperative patient management, clinical data, and the presence of complications. Long-term outcomes were assessed at a minimum follow-up of 3 years. As a result, it was found that the use of MI-TLIF allows achieving better long-term clinical outcomes, fewer major complications in comparison with the microsurgical discectomy technique in the treatment of disc herniation adjacent to the anomaly of the lumbosacral junction segment in elderly patients.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D013123', 'D007405', 'D017586', 'D000368', 'D008159', 'D019060', 'D008866', 'D008875', 'D016896', 'D011183']"
38944736,Calculated Fracture Risk among Hypertensive and Non-hypertensive Osteoporotic Women.,"Vertebral and Hip fractures are the commonly encountered in low bone mass condition termed as osteoporosis. Bone mass and structure also affected by hypertension leading to increased susceptibility to fractures. This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at two tertiary care centers in Dhaka metropolis from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2017 under the department of Community Medicine, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM) to assess whether HTN is linked with higher OP fracture risk. In this study 54 hypertensive and 34 non-hypertensive osteoporotic female patients were involved. After face to face interview data were collected by using semi-structured questionnaire and checklist. Online assessment of fracture risk probability was done among the two groups by Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) and statistical analysis was performed by Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-23.0). In this study it is found that the mean ages were 61.94±9.362 years and 59.18±11.269 years for hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients respectively. Most of the patients with hypertensive (96.3%) and non-hypertensive (82.4%) were housewives. Mean duration of hypertension in osteoporotic women was 6.41±4.049 years while mean duration of osteoporosis was 8.80±5.022 years and 7.53±5.920 years in hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients respectively. The difference in risk of major osteoporotic fractures (MOF) by age was significantly (Χ², p<0.05) higher among patients aged 60-79 years and remarkably higher in hypertensive patients. In hypertensive patients though the risk of MOF by hypertension was relatively higher but it was not significant statistically (Χ², p>0.05). However the risk of hip fracture (HF) by hypertension was relatively higher among hypertensive patients and it was significant statistically (Χ², p<0.05). This reflects that the risk of hip fracture is higher significantly in hypertensive patients.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D006973', 'D008875', 'D003430', 'D000368', 'D058866', 'D018570', 'D001459', 'D010024', 'D012307', 'D006620']"
38944483,"Pectus Disorders: Excavatum, Carinatum and Arcuatum.","This article reviews pectus excavatum, carinatum, and arcuatum. Topics covered include etiology, epidemiology, associated syndromes, physiologic impact, workup, indications for treatment, surgical and nonsurgical therapy, results, complications, and emerging therapies. Pectus excavatum is an inward deformation of the sternum and/or anterior chest wall. Pectus carinatum is ether an outward protrusion or tilt of the sternum with potential psychological impact, but no demonstrated physiologic impact. Nonoperative compression bracing is successful in carinatum patients with chest wall flexibility who are compliant with a bracing program. Pectus arcuatum is an abnormally short, fully fused sternum with a high anterior protrusion.","['D006801', 'D005660', 'D066166', 'D002648', 'D001915', 'D013249']"
38944446,Safety and Optimizing Ergonomics for Cardiothoracic Surgeons.,"Cardiothoracic surgery, demanding in nature, often results in surgeons suffering from musculoskeletal injuries, causing chronic pain and leading to premature retirement. A significant majority report experiencing pain, exacerbated by minimally invasive techniques such as video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Despite this, many surgeons delay seeking medical assistance. To mitigate these risks, preventative strategies such as strength exercises, stretching during operations, and taking brief breaks are crucial. However, the surgical community faces a shortage of institutional support and comprehensive ergonomic education. Advancements in technology, including artificial intelligence and virtual reality, could offer future solutions.","['D006801', 'D006804', 'D066231', 'D009140', 'D009784', 'D019616', 'D016272']"
38944437,Fetal Skeletal Dysplasia.,"Skeletal dysplasias (SDs) are a diverse group of genetic disorders. Diagnosis can be difficult as many are rare and with varied presentations, but with knowledge of the most common SDs presenting prenatal and with an algorithm that uses both sonographic and MR imaging techniques, directed genetic testing and counseling can be provided for many families.","['D006801', 'D001848', 'D011247', 'D005260', 'D008279', 'D011296', 'D016216', 'D005315']"
38943211,Therapeutics of the future: Navigating the pitfalls of extracellular vesicles research from an osteoarthritis perspective.,"Extracellular vesicles have gained wide momentum as potential therapeutics for osteoarthritis, a highly prevalent chronic disease that still lacks an approved treatment. The membrane-bound vesicles are secreted by all cells carrying different cargos that can serve as both disease biomarkers and disease modifiers. Nonetheless, despite a significant peak in research regarding EVs as OA therapeutics, clinical implementation seems distant. In addition to scalability and standardization challenges, researchers often omit to focus on and consider the proper tropism of the vesicles, the practicality and relevance of their source, their low native therapeutic efficacy, and whether they address the disease as a whole. These considerations are necessary to better understand EVs in a clinical light and have been comprehensively discussed and ultimately summarized in this review into a conceptualized framework termed the nanodiamond concept. Future perspectives are also discussed, and alternatives are presented to address some of the challenges and concerns.","['D006801', 'D000067128', 'D010003', 'D015415', 'D000818']"
38954596,Internal Brace Fixation Technique for Lisfranc Injury: A Retrospective Study.,"BACKGROUND The Lisfranc ligament is crucial for maintaining the transverse and longitudinal arch of the foot. Owing to the disruption between the medial cuneiform bone and the base of the second metatarsal bone, the currently preferred fixation method remains controversial. Our fixation technique involves screwing one anchor to the medial and intermediate cuneiform bones and using the anchor to carry the ligament to bind the Lisfranc joint and first and second metatarsal joints altogether for elastic fixation. This study evaluated the clinical and functional outcomes of InternalBrace fixation for Lisfranc injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective study included 58 patients who underwent InternalBrace fixation for Lisfranc injury between January 2019 and September 2022 by an experienced surgeon. One-way analysis of variance or t test was used. Preoperative classification was performed according to the Myerson classification with imaging data. Postoperative follow-up was performed based on intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, visual analog scale (VAS) score, the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, Tegner score, and complications. RESULTS Surgery was completed in all patients, and follow-up was performed. The patients' ages ranged from 19 to 62 years (average: 34.6±9.4 years). The postoperative follow-up time was 12-24 months (average: 16.9±3.0 months). The average time for fracture healing was 12.8±3.0 (10-24) weeks. The VAS, AOFAS, and Tegner scores significantly improved postoperatively (from 5.33±1.0 (3-7) to 1.24±0.57 (0-2); 28.02±6.70 (18-51) to 91.59±4.76 (82-96); and 2.40±0.67 (1-4) to 6.53±0.54 (6-7), respectively), which was statistically significant (P<0.01), and the good rate of AOFAS was 91.4%. The postoperative complications were traumatic arthritis, incision infection, and temporary dorsal foot numbness, which gradually recovered. No other rejection reactions or Lisfranc fracture/dislocations recurrence occurred during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS InternalBrace fixation for Lisfranc injury is beneficial for restoring Lisfranc joint stability and function and allows for early and more aggressive rehabilitation for patients, with fewer surgical complications.","['D006801', 'D012189', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D005593', 'D008682', 'D055815', 'D018409', 'D016896', 'D008023']"
38951861,Clinical effect of modified anterolateral acromioarthroplasty during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.,This study aimed to compare the clinical effect of modified anterolateral and traditional acromioplasty in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.,"['D006801', 'D000070636', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D008875', 'D001182', 'D000174', 'D000368', 'D016896', 'D017006', 'D001178', 'D016059', 'D012785']"
38950247,Histological staining alters circular dichroism SHG measurements of collagen.,"Circular dichroism second harmonic generation microscopy (CDSHG) is a powerful imaging technique, which allows three-dimensional visualization of collagen fibril orientation in tissues. However, recent publications have obtained contradictory results on whether CDSHG can be used to reveal the relative out-of-plane polarity of collagen fibrils. Here we compare CDSHG images of unstained tendon and tendon which has been stained with hematoxylin and eosin. We find significant differences in the CDSHG between these two conditions, which explain the recent contradictory results within the literature.","['D003094', 'D013710', 'D000818', 'D002942', 'D013194', 'D000073798']"
38949690,Nomogram to predict radicular grooves in maxillary lateral incisors in preoperative orthodontic population.,"This study aimed to develop and validate a predictive nomogram for diagnosing radicular grooves (RG) in maxillary lateral incisors (MLIs), integrating demographic information, anatomical measurements, and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) data to diagnose the RG in MLIs based on the clinical observation before resorting to the CBCT scan.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D049451', 'D007180', 'D012189', 'D054893', 'D000293', 'D008437', 'D014092', 'D002648', 'D002681']"
38949274,"Ambulatory Surgery Centers Reduce Patient Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Isolated Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair, but Patient Out-of-Pocket Expenditures Are Increasing at a Faster Rate Than Total Healthcare Utilization Reimbursement From Payers.",To categorize and trend annual out-of-pocket expenditures for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR) patients relative to total healthcare utilization (THU) reimbursement and compare drivers of patient out-of-pocket expenditures (POPE) in a granular fashion via analyses by insurance type and surgical setting.,"['D006801', 'D001182', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D005102', 'D008875', 'D014481', 'D000070636', 'D000556', 'D007349', 'D010342', 'D000368', 'D017006']"
38948992,"A large, locally aggressive giant cell tumour arising from the laryngeal cartilage: A Rare Case Report.","Giant cell tumour is a growth predominantly found in long bones of the body. Giant cell tumour has a rare occurrence in the head and neck. A case of a 31 year old male with no known comorbidities at the ENT Department, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad presented with anterior neck swelling and hoarseness of voice. Patient was diagnosed as having Giant Cell Tumour of Larynx (GTCL) proven on FNA cytology and post-operative biopsy. GCTL is an uncommon entity with only 45 reported cases in the world.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D007822', 'D000328', 'D005870', 'D007817', 'D006685']"
38948209,Neurological phenotypes and treatment outcomes in Eagle syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Eagle syndrome is caused by an elongated styloid process affecting carotid arteries and cranial nerves. Pain, dysphagia, tinnitus, paresthesia (classic subtype), and neurovascular events (vascular subtype) may be triggered by head movements or arise spontaneously. However, Eagle syndrome remains underappreciated in the neurological community. We aimed to determine the most common neurological and non-neurological clinical presentations in patients with Eagle syndrome and to assess the clinical outcome post-surgical resection in comparison to non-surgical therapies.","['D005260', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D009999', 'D010641', 'D013701', 'D016896']"
38946863,Synergistic Effects of Icariin and Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Rabbit Synovial Membrane-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Osteochondral Repair via the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway.,"Osteochondral defects (OCDs) are localized areas of damaged cartilage and underlying subchondral bone that can produce pain and seriously impair joint function. Literature reports indicated that icariin (ICA) has the effect of promoting cartilage repair. However, its mechanism remains unclear. Here, we explored the effects of icariin and extracellular vesicles (EVs) from rabbit synovial-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rSMSCs) on repairing of OCDs.","['D000818', 'D011817', 'D005419', 'D059630', 'D060449', 'D000067128', 'D019902', 'D013583', 'D020219', 'D049109', 'D051176', 'D002358']"
38946382,Lack of association between serum apelin levels and sarcopenia in elderly malnourished subjects.,"Sarcopenia is a condition characterized by muscle mass loss. Skeletal muscle is capable of producing and secreting different molecules called myokines, and apelin is one of them. The literature contains contradictory data on the relationship between apelin and sarcopenia. We decided to investigate the role of apelin in sarcopenia in subjects with disease-related malnutrition (DRM), a group of patients with a high rate of sarcopenia.","['D006801', 'D055948', 'D000073861', 'D000368', 'D044342', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D018482']"
38946380,Impact of graft width and chondrolabral junction preservation on labral suction seal integrity in bovine hip models.,This study investigates the biomechanical effects of graft width and chondrolabral junction (CLJ) preservation on the labral suction seal in a bovine hip model and aims to validate this model as a practical alternative for hip biomechanical research by comparing it with human cadaver studies.,"['D000818', 'D002417', 'D008297', 'D001696', 'D006621', 'D002358', 'D006801', 'D023421']"
38946127,Management of Massive Flank Hernia After Lateral Lumbar Fusion: Preoperative Botulinum Toxin Injections and Open Repair - A Case Report.,"BACKGROUND Incisional flank hernias represent a complication after lateral lumbar spine surgery. Given the increasing rate of lateral lumbar interbody fusions, the rate of incisional flank hernias will increase. Since there are no reports of open massive flank hernia repair utilizing preoperative botulinum injections, we sought to publish this technique to provide surgeons with an innovative method for preoperatively treating patients with massive flank hernias. CASE REPORT A 75-year-old man with a history of coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, and abdominal hernia repair presented for evaluation of left lateral abdominal and left lower back bulging for 5 months. The symptoms began after an L2-L4 lateral lumbar spinal fusion. Physical examination revealed a left posterior lateral flank bulge. Computed tomography (CT) showed a fat-containing left posterolateral abdominal hernia. The patient was scheduled for CT-guided lateral abdominal wall botulinum injections, followed by open flank hernia repair. He tolerated the surgery well, was admitted for pain control, and discharged on day 2. Repeat imaging with CT at 3 months showed no evidence of patient's prior hernia defect. CONCLUSIONS Open flank hernia repair, in conjunction with preoperative botulinum toxin injections, allows for optimal visualization and re-approximation of the myofascial components of flank hernia defects. Failure to achieve adequate myofascial and skin closure, along with mesh reinforcement, in open flank hernia repair can result in various surgical site complications, including incisional flank hernia recurrence. We recommend further investigation on the benefits of botulinum injections as an adjunct in management of massive flank hernias.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D013123', 'D008159', 'D059685', 'D019274', 'D011300', 'D014057', 'D000069290']"
38945888,"Effects of Alaska Pollack Protein Ingestion on Neuromuscular Adaptation in Young Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.","Alaska pollack protein (APP), has been reported as a protein source that can enhance muscle hypertrophy more than other protein sources in animal studies. This study aimed to examine the effects of APP ingestion on muscle quantity and quality in young adults. Fifty-five young college students were assigned to two groups: APP and placebo (whey protein: WP) groups, and instructed to ingest 4.5 g of each protein in addition to daily meals, and to maintain their usual daily physical activities for 3 mo. Twenty-one and 23 students completed the intervention and were analyzed in APP and WP groups, respectively. The maximum knee extension torque significantly increased in both groups during the intervention. The motor unit discharge rate, which is an indicator of activation, for a given force level significantly decreased in both groups during the intervention, but its decrease in the APP group was significantly greater than in the WP group. Echo intensity of the vastus lateralis evaluated by ultrasound images significantly decreased in both groups. The muscle thickness and skeletal muscle mass did not change. Small amount of additional APP intake induces greater effects on neural activation than WP, suggesting the greater neural economy of generation of force.","['D006801', 'D055815', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D018482', 'D004044', 'D000328', 'D000222', 'D048388', 'D019415', 'D052097', 'D053580', 'D004311']"
38945547,Research priorities of members of the British Association for Surgery of the Knee.,This study aims to identify the top unanswered research priorities in the field of knee surgery using consensus-based methodology.,"['D006801', 'D003697', 'D006113', 'D012955', 'D035843', 'D007719', 'D032921', 'D011795', 'D012106', 'D019637']"
38944704,Anatomical Study of Bicipital Groove of Dry Adult Human Cadaveric Humerus in Bangladesh.,"The bicipital groove is a groove on the anterior aspect of the proximal end of the humerus. It lies between the greater and lesser tubercles. The variations of this groove may lead to various pathologies of the biceps brachii tendon, one of the most common causes of shoulder pain. Hence, this study examines the various osteometric parameters of bicipital groove in the Bangladeshi population. This cross-sectional descriptive study was done on 100 dry adult human cadaveric humeri (43 right sides and 57 left sides) in the Department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh from July 2021 to June 2022. The length, maximum width and depth of the bicipital groove and the length of this groove's medial and lateral walls were measured using a digital Vernier slide caliper. Data were recorded in a predesigned data sheet separately and analyzed statistically using Microsoft Excel and SPSS. According to the present study, the mean±SD length of the bicipital groove of the right humeri was 66.646±11.563mm and the left humeri were 66.002±13.025mm. The mean±SD maximum width of the bicipital groove of the right humeri was 10.870±1.799mm and the left humeri were 11.480±1.402mm. The mean±SD depth of the bicipital groove of the right humeri was 4.242±0.655mm and the left humeri were 4.452±0.854mm. The mean±SD medial wall length of the bicipital groove of the right humeri was 60.671±12.360mm and the left humeri were 59.161±13.660mm. The mean±SD lateral wall length of the bicipital groove of the right-sided humeri was 64.996±11.611mm and the left humeri were 64.074±13.115mm. It is expected that this osteometric study of bicipital groove among the Bangladeshi population will be very helpful for clinical anatomists, orthopaedic surgeons, anthropologists and radiologists.","['D006801', 'D001459', 'D003430', 'D002102', 'D006811', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D005260']"
38944432,Imaging Fetal Spine Malformations in the Context of In Utero Surgery.,"This review covers the embryology, definition, and diagnosis of open spinal dysraphism with a focus on fetal ultrasound and MR imaging findings. Differentiating open versus closed spinal dysraphic defects on fetal imaging will also be discussed. Current fetal surgery practices and imaging findings in the context of fetal surgery are also reviewed.","['D006801', 'D008279', 'D005260', 'D013131', 'D011247', 'D011296', 'D016135', 'D016216', 'D005315']"
38943433,"The effect of clear aligner treatment on masticatory muscles (masseter, temporalis) activity in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","The use of clear aligners is becoming more common for aesthetic orthodontic treatment, but there are still concerns about how they affect mastication biomechanics in the short and long term. The clear aligners treatment (CAT) mechanism changes the position of the mandible and maxilla, especially impacting the masseter muscle. Surface electromyography (sEMG) proves to be a useful method to evaluate masticatory muscle activity (MMA).","['D006801', 'D004576', 'D008406', 'D013703', 'D000328', 'D008410', 'D008409', 'D009968']"
38943297,Gender Estimation from Morphometric Measurements of Mandibular Lingula by Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Artificial Neural Networks.,"Sex determination from the bones is of great importance for forensic medicine and anthropology. The mandible is highly valued because it is the strongest, largest and most dimorphic bone in the skull.","['D006801', 'D016571', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008334', 'D000069550', 'D012189', 'D000328', 'D054893', 'D054881', 'D021621', 'D000465', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D008875']"
38943242,Morphological Variations of the Nasopalatine Canal in the North Cyprus Population: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study.,"BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the morphological characteristics of the anterior maxillary nasopalatine canal and the width of the buccal bone using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in 150 adults in Northern Cyprus. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 150 participants, and their anterior maxillary morphometric measurements (eg, length of the nasopalatine canal and anteroposterior diameter of the nasal foramen) were taken using CBCT with the scanning parameters of 90 kvP, 24 s, 4 mA, voxel size 0.3 mm, and field of view 10×6 cm. The shapes of the nasopalatine canal (NPC) were categorized into 4 types: cylindrical, hourglass, funnel-shaped, and banana (54%, 20.6%, 18.6%, and 4%, respectively). RESULTS The findings showed a clear link between the shape of the NPC and the horizontal dimensions of the anterior maxilla's morphometric properties. In general, decreased horizontal bone dimensions were found in the premaxilla at the banana- and funnel-shaped type for the nasopalatine canal. Also, the anteroposterior diameter of a nasal foramen in the hourglass shape was significantly larger in diameter than all other shapes. Additionally, the morphology of the nasopalatine canal is influenced by its shape. The sagittal cross-section has shown significant correlations with the sizes of the incisive foramen, nasal foramen, and the length of the nasopalatine canal. CONCLUSIONS The study found a correlation between the shape of the NPC and the horizontal dimensions of the anterior maxilla's anatomy. The measurements of NPC in a North Cyprus population slightly differ from the established standards found in the existing literature. Conducting more extensive studies with a larger number of CBCT images will offer additional insights.","['D006801', 'D054893', 'D003535', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008437', 'D008875', 'D010159']"
38943181,Platelet-derived exosomes alleviate tendon stem/progenitor cell senescence and ferroptosis by regulating AMPK/Nrf2/GPX4 signaling and improve tendon-bone junction regeneration in rats.,"Tendon stem/progenitor cell (TSPC) senescence contributes to tendon degeneration and impaired tendon repair, resulting in age-related tendon disorders. Ferroptosis, a unique iron-dependent form of programmed cell death, might participate in the process of senescence. However, whether ferroptosis plays a role in TSPC senescence and tendon regeneration remains unclear. Recent studies reported that Platelet-derived exosomes (PL-Exos) might provide significant advantages in musculoskeletal regeneration and inflammation regulation. The effects and mechanism of PL-Exos on TSPC senescence and tendon regeneration are worthy of further study.","['D000818', 'D000079403', 'D055354', 'D051267', 'D016922', 'D051381', 'D015398', 'D000080662', 'D012038', 'D055372', 'D013234', 'D013710', 'D008297', 'D001792', 'D017207', 'D000070636', 'D004195']"
38943143,Comparative effectiveness of cortical bone trajectory screws and pedicle screws in the treatment of adjacent segment degeneration after lumbar fusion surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,To compare the efficacy and safety of cortical bone trajectory (CBT) screw and pedicle screw (PS) internal fixation in the treatment of adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) after lumbar fusion.,"['D006801', 'D013123', 'D065289', 'D000071538', 'D008159', 'D016896', 'D055959', 'D001863', 'D061646', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D016063']"
38943135,Skilled reaching test for shoulder function assessment in a rat model of rotator cuff tear: a pilot study.,"Functional assessments are crucial to evaluate treatment outcomes in clinical and animal studies on rotator cuff injuries. While gait analysis is commonly used to assess animal models of rotator cuff tears, it is less relevant for human patients as the human shoulder is typically assessed in a non-weight-bearing condition. The present study introduces the skilled reaching test as a shoulder functional assessment tool for rats, which allows for evaluation without weight bearing.","['D000818', 'D000070636', 'D010865', 'D008297', 'D017207', 'D004195', 'D051381', 'D000077107', 'D017006', 'D005684', 'D020127']"
38942966,Assessment of gingival translucency at the mandibular incisors with two different probing systems. A cross sectional study.,"Increasing evidence indicates that the thickness of periodontal soft tissues plays an important role in various clinical scenarios, thus pointing to the need of further clinical research in this area. Aim of the present study was to assess gingival thickness at the mandibular incisors by translucency judgement with two different probes and to validate if these methods are comparable and applicable as diagnostic tools.","['D006801', 'D007180', 'D003430', 'D005260', 'D005881', 'D008297', 'D008334', 'D000328', 'D008875']"
38942460,Photon-Counting Computed Tomography: Experience in Musculoskeletal Imaging.,"Since the emergence of the first photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) system in late 2021, its advantages and a wide range of applications in all fields of radiology have been demonstrated. Compared to standard energy-integrating detector-CT, PCCT allows for superior geometric dose efficiency in every examination. While this aspect by itself is groundbreaking, the advantages do not stop there. PCCT facilitates an unprecedented combination of ultra-high-resolution imaging without dose penalty or field-of-view restrictions, detector-based elimination of electronic noise, and ubiquitous multi-energy spectral information. Considering the high demands of orthopedic imaging for the visualization of minuscule details while simultaneously covering large portions of skeletal and soft tissue anatomy, no subspecialty may benefit more from this novel detector technology than musculoskeletal radiology. Deeply rooted in experimental and clinical research, this review article aims to provide an introduction to the cosmos of PCCT, explain its technical basics, and highlight the most promising applications for patient care, while also mentioning current limitations that need to be overcome.","['D006801', 'D014057', 'D017785', 'D009140', 'D009141', 'D011829']"
38941456,Python tooth-inspired fixation device for enhanced rotator cuff repair.,"Rotator cuff repair surgeries fail frequently, with 20 to 94% of the 600,000 repairs performed annually in the United States resulting in retearing of the rotator cuff. The most common cause of failure is sutures tearing through tendons at grasping points. To address this issue, we drew inspiration from the specialized teeth of snakes of the Pythonoidea superfamily, which grasp soft tissues without tearing. To apply this nondamaging gripping approach to the surgical repair of tendon, we developed and optimized a python tooth-inspired device as an adjunct to current rotator cuff suture repair and found that it nearly doubled repair strength. Integrated simulations, 3D printing, and ex vivo experiments revealed a relationship between tooth shape and grasping mechanics, enabling optimization of the clinically relevant device that substantially enhances rotator cuff repair by distributing stresses over the attachment footprint. This approach suggests an alternative to traditional suturing paradigms and may reduce the risk of tendon retearing after rotator cuff repair.","['D000818', 'D017006', 'D017821', 'D000070636', 'D014070', 'D013536', 'D001696', 'D006801', 'D066330']"
38941440,Ellipsoidal patellar bone tunnel fixation with Toggleloc suspension system for medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction: A 5 years follow-up.,This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological features of the patella fixation technique using Toggleloc suspension system in a single ellipsoidal blind patellar tunnel during medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D057071', 'D005500', 'D010329', 'D019651', 'D055815', 'D008023', 'D016896', 'D000293']"
38941406,Can local application of vancomycin reduce surgical site infection rate after open lumbar fusion surgery?: A multicenter retrospective cohort study.,"Surgical site infection (SSI) after posterior open lumbar fusion (POLF) is a major concern for both surgeons and patients. We sought to explore whether local application of vancomycin could decrease the rate of SSI. We reviewed the clinical data of patients who underwent POLF between June 2015 and June 2022 at 3 spinal centers. Patients were divided into those who received local vancomycin (vancomycin group) and those who did not (non-vancomycin group). The SSI rates at 12 months postoperatively were compared between the 2 groups. Although a trend toward a lower infection rate was observed in the vancomycin group than in the non-vancomycin group; the difference was not statistically significant (3.6% vs 5.5%, P = .121). However, we found that the postoperative SSI rate was significantly lower in the vancomycin group than in the non-vancomycin group (4.9% vs 11.4%, P = .041) in patients ≥ 2 fused segments, while there was no significant difference in postoperative SSI rate in patients with single fusion segment (3.1% vs 3.6%, P = .706). The logistic regression analysis indicated that the SSI rate in the non-vancomycin group was approximately 2.498 times higher than that in the vancomycin group (P = .048, odds ratio: 2.498, 95% confidence interval: 1.011-6.617) in patients with ≥2 fused segments. In SSI patients with confirmed pathogens, the SSI rate of Gram-negative bacteria in the vancomycin group was significantly higher than that in the non-vancomycin group (10/14 [71.4%] vs 5/22 [31.8%]), whereas the SSI rate of Gram-positive bacteria in the vancomycin group was significantly lower than that in the non-vancomycin group (4/14 [28.6%] vs 15/22 [68.2%]). Local administration of vancomycin is recommended in patients with ≥2 fused segments as it may facilitate to reduce the postoperative rate of SSI after POLF. Additionally, the local use of vancomycin can decrease the Gram-positive bacterial infections but is not effective against Gram-negative infections, which indirectly leads to an increase in the proportion of Gram-negative infections in SSI patients with confirmed pathogens.","['D006801', 'D014640', 'D013530', 'D013123', 'D012189', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000900', 'D000368', 'D008159', 'D000328']"
38941390,The radio anatomical arrangement of nerve roots at L3 level in cauda equina sac is it affected by diseases?,"An observational study to discover the common conditions affecting the lumbosacral region that may affect lumbosacral position and tension. All the patients, underwent MRI exaamination (magnetic resonance imaging) in the supine position, were examined by the same consultant radiologist. The article was revised by the institutional ethical approval committee. The position of the nerve roots was observed, and the number of nerve roots was calculated anterior to a line passing between the mid-transvers process of L3(third lumbar vertebra). The number of nerve roots ahead of this line was calculated by the radiologist at the level of the right intervertebral foramen and at the left one. This procedure was applied to the normal group, and 5 common pathological diseases were repeated including single-level lumbar disc prolapse, multiple-disc prolapse, multiple bulge, spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis (at the level of L45 (fourth to fifth lumbar vertebrae) or L5S1 (fifth lumbar to first sacral vertebrae) being outside the study area, i.e., L3). We noticed significant difference in the number of the nerve roots between the cases with herniated discs, spinal stenosis, and spondylolisthesis with the normal group and the significance was in ascending increment in significance being the highest in cases with spondylolisthesis, and even in the groups of other pathologies which are statistically not significant, we noticed that the significance is proportional to the severity of the disease being the least in single level cases (p 0.427), to be more significant on cases with multiple prolapses(p 0.319) to be more in cases with multiple bulges to start to be statistically significant in herniated, higher significance in cases with spinal stenosis to be the highest in cases with spondylolisthesis.","['D006801', 'D008159', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008279', 'D008875', 'D013126', 'D007405', 'D013168', 'D000328', 'D002420', 'D013130', 'D000368']"
38941388,Bibliometric analysis of the acetabular labrum.,"The acetabular labrum (AL) plays a crucial role in the normal physiological functioning of the hip joint. This study aims to present an overview of the current status and research hotspots concerning the AL and to explore the field from a bibliometric perspective. A total of 1918 AL-related records published between January 1, 2000 and November 8, 2023 were gathered from the Web of Science Core Collection database. By utilizing tools such as HisCite, CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and the R package ""bibliometrix,"" the regions, institutions, journals, authors, and keywords were analyzed to predict the latest trends in AL research. Global research interest and publication output related to this topic continues to escalate. The United States leads in international collaborations, number of publications, and citation frequency, underscoring its preeminent position in this field. The American Hip Institute emerged as the most prolific institution, making the greatest contribution to publications. Notably, Arthroscopy and the American Journal of Sports Medicine are the 2 most popular journals in this domain, accounting for 13.29% and 10.1% of publications, respectively, and were also found to be the most co-cited journals. Amongst authors, Benjamin G. Domb leads with 160 articles (8.35%), while Marc J. Philippon is the most frequently cited author. The keyword co-occurrence network showed 3 hot clusters, including ""AL,"" ""femoral acetabular impingement (FAI),"" and ""osteoarthritis."" In addition, ""survivorship,"" ""FAI,"" and ""patient-reported outcomes"" were identified as trending topics for future exploration. This study represents the first comprehensive bibliometric analysis, summarizing the present state and future trends in AL research. The findings serve as a valuable resource for scholars, offering practical insights into key information within the field and identifying potential research frontiers and emerging directions in the near future.","['D015706', 'D006801', 'D000077', 'D006621']"
38955752,[A case of pleural metastasis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor].,"Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) frequently metastasizes to the lungs, although pleural metastasis is rare. This article reported a case of pleural metastasis of MPNST. The patient was a young man who presented with 1 week of shortness of breath with dry cough. He had a history of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. The patient was diagnosed with MPNST pleural metastasis after a thoracoscopic pleural biopsy, which revealed short spindle cell hyperplasia, immunohistochemical staining for S-100(+), SOX-10(+), Ki-67(+) with a positive index of 20%, and H3K27Me3(-) in the pleural pathology.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D010997', 'D018317', 'D000328']"
38954284,A Comprehensive Overview of NF1 Mutations in Iranian Patients.,"Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the NF1 gene. This disorder shows nearly complete penetrance and high phenotypic variability. We used the whole-exome sequencing technique to identify mutations in 32 NF1 cases from 22 Iranian families. A total of 31 variants, including 30 point mutations and one large deletion, were detected. In eight cases, variants were inherited, while they were sporadic in the remaining. Seven novel variants, including c.5576 T > G, c.6658_6659insC, c.2322dupT, c.92_93insAA, c.4360C > T, c.3814C > T, and c.4565_4566delinsC, were identified. The current study is the largest in terms of the sample size of Iranian NF1 cases with identified mutations. The results can broaden the spectrum of NF1 mutations and facilitate the process of genetic counseling in the affected families.","['D006801', 'D007492', 'D009456', 'D025542', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D016514', 'D000073359', 'D002648', 'D010375', 'D000328', 'D017354', 'D009154', 'D000293', 'D002675', 'D055815', 'D004252', 'D017384']"
38954216,Recurrence of anterior congenital diaphragmatic hernia after laparoscopic repair in children.,To report our experience with laparoscopic repair of anterior congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) using extracorporeal subcutaneous knot tying and to define recurrence risk factors.,"['D006801', 'D065630', 'D010535', 'D012189', 'D007223', 'D012008', 'D059685', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002675', 'D002648', 'D013536', 'D007231', 'D000293', 'D004314', 'D012307']"
38951515,"Serum levels of leptin, ghrelin putative peptide YY-3 in patients with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.","Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a severe developmental condition resulting from exposure to alcohol during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to examine the concentrations of hormones involved in appetite regulation-ghrelin, leptin, and putative peptide YY-3 (PYY)-in the serum of individuals with FASD. Additionally, we investigated the relationship between these hormone levels and clinical indicators. We conducted an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on samples collected from 62 FASD patients and 23 individuals without the condition. Our results revealed a significant decrease in leptin levels among FASD patients compared to the control group (5.124 vs. 6.838 ng/mL, p = 0.002). We revealed no statistically significant differences in the levels of other hormones studied (ghrelin and PYY). Comparisons of hormone levels were also conducted in three subgroups: FAS, neurobehavioral disorders associated with prenatal alcohol exposure and FASD risk, as well as by sex. Assignment to FASD subgroups indicated changes only for leptin. Sex had no effect on the levels of hormones. Moreover, the levels of leptin showed a negative correlation with cortisol levels and a positive correlation with BMI and proopiomelanocortin. Alterations in appetite regulation can contribute to the improper development of children with FASD, which might be another factor that should be taken into consideration in the proper treatment of patients.","['D006801', 'D020738', 'D063647', 'D005260', 'D054439', 'D008297', 'D019894', 'D011247', 'D002648', 'D000328', 'D016022', 'D002675']"
38951097,[Advances in the specific treatments of Gaucher disease].,戈谢病是一种多系统受累的罕见遗传性溶酶体贮积症，尽早治疗有助于延缓疾病进展，提高患者生活质量，延长患者预期寿命。戈谢病的特异性治疗包括酶替代治疗、底物减少疗法、造血干细胞移植、分子伴侣疗法和基因治疗。目前酶替代治疗和底物减少疗法的药物已获批上市，其他新型治疗方案仍在临床研究中。本文综述并探讨了不同分型戈谢病特异性治疗的最新进展及不同分型患者特异性治疗的方案选择，以期为临床医生治疗该病提供参考。.,"['D005776', 'D006801', 'D056947', 'D018380', 'D015316', 'D005962']"
38949693,"The Role of Excitotoxicity, Oxidative Stress and Bioenergetics Disruption in the Neuropathology of Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia.","Nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) is an inherited disorder of amino acid metabolism biochemically characterized by the accumulation of glycine (Gly) predominantly in the brain. Affected patients usually manifest with neurological symptoms including hypotonia, seizures, epilepsy, lethargy, and coma, the pathophysiology of which is still not completely understood. Treatment is limited and based on lowering Gly levels aiming to reduce overstimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Mounting in vitro and in vivo animal and human evidence have recently suggested that excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and bioenergetics disruption induced by Gly are relevant mechanisms involved in the neuropathology of NKH. This brief review gives emphasis to the deleterious effects of Gly in the brain of patients and animal models of NKH that may offer perspectives for the development of novel adjuvant treatments for this disorder.","['D020158', 'D000818', 'D006801', 'D018384', 'D004734', 'D005998', 'D001921']"
38949227,Perioperative Management of Massive Anterior Encephalocele in a Newborn: A Case Report.,"Anterior encephaloceles are rare neural tube defects posing anesthetic challenges. While anterior encephaloceles can cause airway obstruction at birth, this presentation is very rare and to our knowledge not reported in the literature. This case report describes a 34 weeks +0 days gestation, 2.6 kg, newborn with a massive nasoethmoidal anterior encephalocele creating significant external airway obstruction, necessitating emergent and thoughtful airway management and anesthetic care. Our most important perioperative considerations for this newborn included spontaneous ventilation using awake fiberoptic bronchoscopic intubation with lidocaine airway topicalization, secure endotracheal tube attachment, and avoiding noninvasive positive airway pressure postoperatively to avoid pneumocephalus.","['D006801', 'D004677', 'D007231', 'D019990', 'D007442', 'D000402', 'D058109', 'D005260', 'D008297']"
38948986,Closing the gap: An urgent need for newborn screening of organic acid disorders in developing countries.,"Organic acid disorders are rare inherited metabolic disorders of key metabolic pathways. For the identification of specific organic acids, investigation of urinary metabolites and genetic testing are required through newborn screening programmes. Delayed diagnosis leads to complications, such as cardiac attacks, respiratory problems, neuro-developmental disorders, intellectual disability, and even premature death. The burden of such inherited disorders is quite high in developing countries of South Asia due to high rate of consanguinity in the region. Unfortunately, such disorders are left untreated due to the lack of screening facilities in such countries. The current narrative review was planned to highlight the urgent need for closing this gap and implementing effective newborn screening programmes for organic acid disorders in developing countries. The implementation of effective programmes is crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality, and for improving the quality of life for the affected children and of their families, thus promoting global health equity.","['D006801', 'D015997', 'D007231', 'D003906', 'D008661', 'D000592']"
38948286,[Analysis of Prenatal Ultrasound Manifestations in 15 Cases of Cantrell Syndrome].,"Cantrell syndrome, a rare congenital disorder, is characterized by a unique collection of defects on the midline abdominal wall, the lower sternum, the anterior diaphragm, and the diaphragmatic pericardium in addition to some form of intracardiac defect. So far, most of the reports on fetuses with Cantrell syndrome worldwide are either case reports or literature reviews, and few comprehensive studies on fetuses with Cantrell syndrome have been reported, especially in domestic literature. This study aims to provide a detailed analysis of 15 cases of Cantrell syndrome fetuses, focusing on their prenatal ultrasound manifestations and postnatal examination outcomes.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D058502', 'D016216', 'D012189', 'D048208', 'D005865', 'D000328']"
38948284,[Application of Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Prognosis Assessment of Fetuses With Congenital Pulmonary Cystic Diseases].,"The aim of this study is to explore the practical value of prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment of congenital cystic lung disease in fetuses, to evaluate the relative size of the lesion and the status of lung development, and to make an attempt at utilizing the strength of MRI in post-processing to obtain assessment indicators of the size of the lesion and the status of lung development, with which predictions can be made for the prognosis that these fetuses may face after birth. We retrospectively collected and analyzed the data of fetuses diagnosed with congenital cystic lung disease. Prenatal ultrasound examination of these fetuses led to the diagnosis that they were suspected of having congenital cystic lung disease and the diagnosis was confirmed by subsequent prenatal MRI. The fetuses were followed up to track their condition at birth (postnatal respiratory distress, mechanical ventilation, etc.), whether the fetuses underwent surgical treatment, and the recovery of the fetuses after surgical treatment. The recovery of the fetuses was followed up to explore the feasibility of prenatal MRI examination to assess fetal congenital pulmonary cystic disease, and to preliminarily explore the predictive value of prenatal MRI for the prognosis of fetuses with congenital pulmonary cystic disease.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008279', 'D011247', 'D011379', 'D011296', 'D012189', 'D008168', 'D015615', 'D005315', 'D003560', 'D016216']"
38948277,[Genetic Causation Analysis of Hyperandrogenemia Testing Indicators and Preeclampsia].,"Some epidemiological studies have shown that pregnant women who develop preeclampsia (PE) have elevated levels of testosterone in their maternal plasma compared to women with normal blood pressure during pregnancy, revealing a potential association between hyperandrogenism in women and PE. To explore the causal relationship between hyperandrogenism and PE, this study selected total testosterone (TT), bioavailable testosterone (BIOT), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) as exposure factors and PE and chronic hypertension with superimposed PE as disease outcomes. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were used to genetically dissect the causal relationships between the three exposure factors (TT, BIOT, and SHBG) and the outcomes of PE and chronic hypertension with superimposed PE.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D020641', 'D011247', 'D011225', 'D055106', 'D017588', 'D012738', 'D057182', 'D013739', 'D006973']"
38946862,Combination of Pirfenidone and Andrographolide Ameliorates Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Liver Fibrosis by Mediating TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway.,Biliary atresia (BA) is a devastating congenital disease characterized by inflammation and progressive liver fibrosis. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. Our study aimed to investigate the pharmacological effect and potential mechanism of pirfenidone (PFD) and andrographolide (AGP) separately and together on liver fibrosis of BA.,"['D055166', 'D000818', 'D008103', 'D015398', 'D004224', 'D008297', 'D016212', 'D008810', 'D051785', 'D006801', 'D011728', 'D002460', 'D051379', 'D001656', 'D004195', 'D004359']"
38946366,[Genetic analysis of a Chinese pedigree affected with Cowden syndrome due to variant of PTEN gene].,To explore the clinical features and genetic etiology of a Chinese pedigree affected with Cowden syndrome (CS).,"['D000328', 'D002648', 'D005260', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D044466', 'D002681', 'D000095225', 'D000073359', 'D005820', 'D006223', 'D009154', 'D010375', 'D051059']"
38946365,[Clinical and genetic analysis of a child with X-linked intellectual developmental disorder due to a novel variant of NEXMIF gene].,To explore the genetic basis for a child featuring facial dysmorphism and intellectual disabilities.,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D008607', 'D038901', 'D009154', 'D000073359', 'D005820', 'D005260', 'D002648', 'D010375', 'D007223', 'D002675', 'D009419']"
38946359,[Analysis of clinical features and genetic variants in three children with late-onset Multiple acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency].,To explore the clinical characteristics and genetic variants in three children with late-onset Multiple acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD type Ⅲ).,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D054069', 'D007223', 'D002648', 'D002675', 'D044927', 'D009154', 'D012189', 'D002331', 'D007506', 'D000073359', 'D000587', 'D014644']"
38946184,Is There a Need to Educate Patients with Atopic Dermatitis in Baseline Therapy?,"The baseline therapy of atopic dermatitis (AD) includes emollient therapy, prevention of triggering factors and proper patients' education. Appropriate level of education about AD among patients is crucial for successful treatment of the disease.","['D006801', 'D003876', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D010353', 'D010290', 'D011795', 'D004643', 'D007722', 'D002648', 'D008875', 'D000293', 'D055815']"
38945983,A Review of Syphilis Infection in Pediatric Patients.,"Nearly half of all sexually transmitted infections occur in adolescents and young adults. Among them, syphilis infections are on the rise in the United States. Sexually active adolescents, especially those who do not use condoms consistently or are men who have sex with men, are at particular risk for syphilis infection. With the rise in acquired syphilis infections, the incidence of congenital syphilis has also increased. Syphilis can have a variety of presentations based on infectious stage and central nervous system involvement. Careful physical examination and history can elicit the diagnosis. Screening with a nontreponemal test followed by treponemal testing can confirm the diagnosis, and staging is determined clinically. Testing for all sexually transmitted infections should be pursued because coinfections are common. Penicillin is the first-line treatment for syphilis, and duration of therapy depends on the presence of neurologic symptoms; all infants with possible congenital syphilis should receive treatment. Posttreatment monitoring is essential to confirm successful eradication of syphilis. All sexually active, at-risk patients, including pregnant persons, should be screened for syphilis, and those diagnosed as having syphilis should be counseled on disclosure to partners. Although not often found in a pediatric population, with the increasing incidence of syphilis infections in the United States, pediatric providers should have a low threshold for syphilis screening in adolescents and a high index of suspicion for congenital syphilis in infants.","['D006801', 'D013587', 'D000293', 'D013590', 'D002648', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000900', 'D011247', 'D014481']"
38945971,Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension: Basing Care on Physiology.,"Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the heterogeneous chronic lung developmental disease of prematurity, which is often accompanied by multisystem comorbidities. Pulmonary vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension (PH) contribute significantly to the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of BPD and dramatically influence the outcomes of preterm infants with BPD. When caring for those patients, clinicians should consider the multitude of phenotypic presentations that fall under the ""BPD-PH umbrella,"" reflecting the need for matching therapies to specific physiologies to improve short- and long-term outcomes. Individualized management based on the patient's prenatal and postnatal risk factors, clinical course, and cardiopulmonary phenotype needs to be identified and prioritized to provide optimal care for infants with BPD-PH.","['D006801', 'D001997', 'D006976', 'D007231', 'D007234', 'D012307']"
38955756,[Advances in the use of bevacizumab for the treatment of respiratory papilloma].,"Respiratory papilloma is a relatively common benign tumor of the respiratory tract, and a few patients may develop malignant changes. The disease has an insidious onset and lacks specific clinical manifestations, and its manifestations are closely related to the growth mode, location and size of the tumor. It can involve multiple parts, such as the larynx, trachea, bronchus, and lung parenchyma, which cause coughing, hoarseness, dysphonia, and, in severe cases, may lead to obstruction of the respiratory tract. At present, the treatment of respiratory papilloma lacks standardization, and there is no effective method to cure the disease. Surgery remains the main treatment for alleviating patients' symptoms and preventing airway obstruction. However, due to the high recurrence rate of respiratory papilloma, multiple surgeries are often needed, which reduces the quality of life of patients and increases their disease burden and economic burden. Bevacizumab, a vascular endothelial growth factor-binding antibody inhibitor, is a promising adjuvant treatment modality that shows good potential for reducing symptoms and the frequency of surgery. This article aimed to review the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab for the treatment of respiratory papilloma and discuss the differences and efficacy of the systemic application and intralesional injection of bevacizumab for the treatment of respiratory papilloma.","['D006801', 'D000068258', 'D010212', 'D012142', 'D020533']"
38955755,[Effect of glucocorticoids on the efficacy of non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors].,"Lung cancer is a highly lethal malignant tumor worldwide and in China, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for approximately 85% of cases globally. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) had changed the paradigm of lung cancer treatment, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy and recomended as the first-line treatment for NSCLC. NSCLC patients often required glucocorticoid(GC) due to the cancer itself, tumor complications, or immune-related adverse event (irAE). GC had sparked debates on their impact on the therapeutic effectiveness of ICI in NSCLC patients as a substance with immunomodulatory effects. While some studies suggested that GC use did not influence patients survival, others argued the opposite. Understanding the effects of GC on immunotherapy is crucial for managing complaications in cancer patients and addressing irAE. This review explores the impact of GC on the efficacy of ICI in NSCLC patients, aiming to provide insights for clinical treatment.","['D006801', 'D002289', 'D000082082', 'D008175', 'D005938', 'D007167']"
38954418,Housing Status and Acute Care Use After Cancer Diagnosis.,"This cohort study examines housing status and acute care use after a cancer diagnosis among individuals treated at a public hospital in San Francisco, California.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D009369', 'D008875', 'D006798', 'D000368', 'D000328']"
38956128,Fluctuation of fine motor skills throughout the menstrual cycle in women.,"The effect of the menstrual cycle on fine motor skills is unclear. This study determined whether the menstrual cycle affected fine motor skills and related neural activities. Nineteen women with regular menstrual cycles were tested for fine motor skills using two types of tasks: grooved pegboard task (GPT), which evaluates motor control with high freedom of movements, and force modulation task (FMT), which evaluates more complex and fine motor control with low freedom of movements. We also assessed primary motor cortex intracortical circuits and sensorimotor integration using paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation to reveal why the menstrual cycle affects fine motor skills. The present study indicated that fine motor skills assessed by FMT varied throughout the menstrual cycle while those measured by GPT did not. These results suggest that fine motor skills requiring more complex and fine control may be affected by the menstrual cycle. Additionally, changes in fine motor skills throughout the menstrual cycle may be associated with the severity of menstruation-related symptoms.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008597', 'D009048', 'D000328', 'D009044', 'D050781', 'D055815', 'D019054']"
38954077,"Diffusion tensor imaging in detecting gliomas sub-regions of infiltration, local and remote recurrences: a systematic review.","Given that glioma cells tend to infiltrate and migrate along WM tracts, leading to demyelination and axonal injuries, Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) emerged as a promising tool for identifying major ""high-risk areas"" of recurrence within the peritumoral brain zone (PBZ) or at a distance throughout the adjacents white matter tracts. Of our systematic review is to answer the following research question: In patients with brain tumor, is DTI able to recognizes within the peri-tumoral brain zone (PBZ) areas more prone to local (near the surgical cavity) or remote recurrence compared to the conventional imaging techniques?. We conducted a comprehensive literature search to identify relevant studies in line with the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) guidelines. 15 papers were deemed compatible with our research question and included. To enhance the paper's readability, we have categorized our findings into two distinct groups: the first delves into the role of DTI in detecting PBZ sub-regions of infiltration and local recurrences (n = 8), while the second group explores the feasibility of DTI in detecting white matter tract infiltration and remote recurrences (n = 7). DTI values and, within a broader framework, radiomics investigations can provide precise, voxel-by-voxel insights into the state of PBZ and recurrences. Better defining the regions at risk for potential recurrence within the PBZ and along WM bundles will allow targeted therapy.","['D006801', 'D056324', 'D005910', 'D001932', 'D009364', 'D066127']"
38953264,[Research Progress in the Role of the Ventral Tegmental Area-Medial Prefrontal Cortex Neural Circuit in the Regulation of Arousal].,"There are mutual neural projections between the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC),which form a circuit.Recent studies have shown that this circuit is vital in regulating arousal from sleep and general anesthesia.This paper introduces the anatomical structures of VTA and mPFC and the roles of various neurons and projection pathways in the regulation of arousal,aiming to provide new ideas for further research on the mechanism of arousal from sleep and general anesthesia.","['D017397', 'D017557', 'D001143', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D009434']"
38952174,Advances in Computational Biology for Diagnosing Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Comprehensive Review.,"The numerous and varied forms of neurodegenerative illnesses provide a considerable challenge to contemporary healthcare. The emergence of artificial intelligence has fundamentally changed the diagnostic picture by providing effective and early means of identifying these crippling illnesses. As a subset of computational intelligence, machine-learning algorithms have become very effective tools for the analysis of large datasets that include genetic, imaging, and clinical data. Moreover, multi-modal data integration, which includes information from brain imaging (MRI, PET scans), genetic profiles, and clinical evaluations, is made easier by computational intelligence. A thorough knowledge of the course of the illness is made possible by this consolidative method, which also facilitates the creation of predictive models for early medical evaluation and outcome prediction. Furthermore, there has been a great deal of promise shown by the use of artificial intelligence to neuroimaging analysis. Sophisticated image processing methods combined with machine learning algorithms make it possible to identify functional and structural anomalies in the brain, which often act as early indicators of neurodegenerative diseases. This chapter examines how computational intelligence plays a critical role in improving the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, etc. To sum up, computational intelligence provides a revolutionary approach for improving the identification of neurodegenerative illnesses. In the battle against these difficult disorders, embracing and improving these computational techniques will surely pave the path for more individualized therapy and more therapies that are successful.","['D006801', 'D019636', 'D019295', 'D059906', 'D000069550', 'D000465', 'D001185', 'D001921', 'D007091', 'D008279']"
38951862,Utilizing human cerebral organoids to model breast cancer brain metastasis in culture.,"Metastasis, the spread, and growth of malignant cells at secondary sites within a patient's body, accounts for over 90% of cancer-related mortality. Breast cancer is the most common tumor type diagnosed and the leading cause of cancer lethality in women in the United States. It is estimated that 10-16% breast cancer patients will have brain metastasis. Current therapies to treat patients with breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) remain palliative. This is largely due to our limited understanding of the fundamental molecular and cellular mechanisms through which BCBM progresses, which represents a critical barrier for the development of efficient therapies for affected breast cancer patients.","['D006801', 'D009940', 'D001932', 'D005260', 'D001943', 'D018920', 'D045744', 'D001921', 'D002450']"
38951520,Shared functional specialization in transformer-based language models and the human brain.,"When processing language, the brain is thought to deploy specialized computations to construct meaning from complex linguistic structures. Recently, artificial neural networks based on the Transformer architecture have revolutionized the field of natural language processing. Transformers integrate contextual information across words via structured circuit computations. Prior work has focused on the internal representations (""embeddings"") generated by these circuits. In this paper, we instead analyze the circuit computations directly: we deconstruct these computations into the functionally-specialized ""transformations"" that integrate contextual information across words. Using functional MRI data acquired while participants listened to naturalistic stories, we first verify that the transformations account for considerable variance in brain activity across the cortical language network. We then demonstrate that the emergent computations performed by individual, functionally-specialized ""attention heads"" differentially predict brain activity in specific cortical regions. These heads fall along gradients corresponding to different layers and context lengths in a low-dimensional cortical space.","['D006801', 'D008279', 'D007802', 'D001921', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D016571', 'D001931', 'D055815', 'D008959', 'D009323']"
38951511,sUPRa is a dual-color reporter for unbiased quantification of the unfolded protein response with cellular resolution.,"The unfolded protein response (UPR) maintains proteostasis upon endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and is initiated by a range of physiological and pathological processes. While there have been advances in developing fluorescent reporters for monitoring individual signaling pathways of the UPR, this approach may not capture a cell's overall UPR activity. Here we describe a novel sensor of UPR activity, sUPRa, which is designed to report the global UPR. sUPRa displays excellent response characteristics, outperforms reporters of individual UPR pathways in terms of sensitivity and kinetics, and responds to a range of different ER stress stimuli. Furthermore, sUPRa's dual promoter and fluorescent protein design ensures that both UPR-active and inactive cells are detected, and controls for reporter copy number. Using sUPRa, we reveal UPR activation in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons of mouse cerebral cortex following a period of sleep deprivation. sUPRa affords new opportunities for quantifying physiological UPR activity with cellular resolution.","['D056811', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D059865', 'D017930', 'D006801', 'D017966', 'D015398', 'D008164']"
38951506,Central amygdala CRF+ neurons promote heightened threat reactivity following early life adversity in mice.,"Failure to appropriately predict and titrate reactivity to threat is a core feature of fear and anxiety-related disorders and is common following early life adversity (ELA). A population of neurons in the lateral central amygdala (CeAL) expressing corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) have been proposed to be key in processing threat of different intensities to mediate active fear expression. Here, we use in vivo fiber photometry to show that ELA results in sex-specific changes in the activity of CeAL CRF+ neurons, yielding divergent mechanisms underlying the augmented startle in ELA mice, a translationally relevant behavior indicative of heightened threat reactivity and hypervigilance. Further, chemogenic inhibition of CeAL CRF+ neurons selectively diminishes startle and produces a long-lasting suppression of threat reactivity. These findings identify a mechanism for sex-differences in susceptibility for anxiety following ELA and have broad implications for understanding the neural circuitry that encodes and gates the behavioral expression of fear.","['D000818', 'D003346', 'D005239', 'D009474', 'D051379', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D001007', 'D066274', 'D013216', 'D008810', 'D001522', 'D013315']"
38951486,Prefrontal cortex neurons encode ambient light intensity differentially across regions and layers.,"While light can affect emotional and cognitive processes of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), no light-encoding was hitherto identified in this region. Here, extracellular recordings in awake mice revealed that over half of studied mPFC neurons showed photosensitivity, that was diminished by inhibition of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), or of the upstream thalamic perihabenular nucleus (PHb). In 15% of mPFC photosensitive neurons, firing rate changed monotonically along light-intensity steps and gradients. These light-intensity-encoding neurons comprised four types, two enhancing and two suppressing their firing rate with increased light intensity. Similar types were identified in the PHb, where they exhibited shorter latency and increased sensitivity. Light suppressed prelimbic activity but boosted infralimbic activity, mirroring the regions' contrasting roles in fear-conditioning, drug-seeking, and anxiety. We posit that prefrontal photosensitivity represents a substrate of light-susceptible, mPFC-mediated functions, which could be ultimately studied as a therapeutical target in psychiatric and addiction disorders.","['D000818', 'D017397', 'D008027', 'D051379', 'D012165', 'D008297', 'D009474', 'D008810', 'D010775', 'D000200']"
38951162,Tracing nerve fibers with volume electron microscopy to quantitatively analyze brain connectivity.,"The highly complex structure of the brain requires an approach that can unravel its connectivity. Using volume electron microscopy and a dedicated software we can trace and measure all nerve fibers present within different samples of brain tissue. With this software tool, individual dendrites and axons are traced, obtaining a simplified ""skeleton"" of each fiber, which is linked to its corresponding synaptic contacts. The result is an intricate meshwork of axons and dendrites interconnected by a cloud of synaptic junctions. To test this methodology, we apply it to the stratum radiatum of the hippocampus and layers 1 and 3 of the somatosensory cortex of the mouse. We find that nerve fibers are densely packed in the neuropil, reaching up to 9 kilometers per cubic mm. We obtain the number of synapses, the number and lengths of dendrites and axons, the linear densities of synapses established by dendrites and axons, and their location on dendritic spines and shafts. The quantitative data obtained through this method enable us to identify subtle traits and differences in the synaptic organization of the samples, which might have been overlooked in a qualitative analysis.","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D008854', 'D009412', 'D013569', 'D001369', 'D003712', 'D001921', 'D013003', 'D008810', 'D008297', 'D012984', 'D006624', 'D000094443']"
38951105,[Analysis of the efficacy and safety of pulsed radiofrequency for the treatment of thoracic postherpetic neuralgia in elderly patients with different pain phenotypes].,"Objective: To analyze the efficacy and safety of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) for the treatment of thoracic postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in elderly patients with different pain phenotypes. Methods: A total of 201 elderly thoracic PHN patients, including 110 males and 91 females aged (72.2±6.9) years who received high-voltage, long-duration PRF at the dorsal root ganglion at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to December 2022, were retrospectively included. The neuropathic pain symptom inventory (NPSI) was used to evaluate the five different pain phenotypes, which included superficial spontaneous pain, deep spontaneous pain, paroxysmal pain, evoked pain, and paresthesia/dysesthesia, and to analyze the distribution of the five pain phenotypes. The numerical rating scale (NRS) and NPSI scores of all patients were compared before treatment and three months after treatment to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PRF for different pain phenotypes and pain phenotype combinations. Results: All patients had two or more pain phenotypes, and 50.2% (101/201) of the patients had five pain phenotypes at the same time. Compared with those before treatment, three months after treatment, the NPSI scores for superficial spontaneous pain, deep spontaneous pain, paroxysmal pain, evoked pain and paresthesia/dysesthesia decreased (all P<0.05), and the scores decreased by［M（Q1，Q3）］3.0 (2.0, 4.0), 1.5 (0.5, 2.5), 3.0 (2.5, 4.0), 2.3 (1.0, 4.0), and 1.0 (0.5, 2.0) points, respectively, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). The decrease in the NPSI score in patients with paroxysmal pain was greater than that in patients with the other 4 pain phenotypes (all P<0.05). After treatment, the NRS score decreased by 4.0 (3.0, 5.0), 4.0 (3.0, 5.0), 4.0 (3.0, 5.0) and 5.0 (4.0, 6.0) points in patients with 2, 3, 4 and 5 pain phenotypes, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The decrease in the NRS score was greater in patients with a combination of 5 pain phenotypes than that in patients with a combination of 3 and 4 pain phenotypes (all P<0.05). No complications, such as pneumothorax, haematoma or infection, occurred in any of the patients during treatment. Conclusion: PRF has different therapeutic effects on PHN patients with different pain phenotypes, it has the best effect on paroxysmal pain, and the treatment is safe.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D051474', 'D061208', 'D012189', 'D016896', 'D010641', 'D010147', 'D005727']"
38951089,[Analysis of the characteristics of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with neuromuscular junction dysfunction prior to motor neuron degeneration].,"Objective: To investigate the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with positive repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) test results on the accessory nerve and negative needle electromyography (EMG) test results on the sternocleidomastoid with the goal to enrich the knowledge of disease progression in patients with ALS. Methods: The clinical data of 612 patients diagnosed with ALS at the Neurology Department of the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital from June 2016 to August 2022 were collected. In total, 267 cases had undergone EMG tests on the sternocleidomastoid following a positive 3 Hz RNS test result on the accessory nerve, who were selected as the study subjects. The differences in clinical indicators were compared between RNS (+)/EMG (-) group and RNS (+)/EMG (+) group. A binomial distribution model with multiple variables was built to quantitatively analyze the major factors and their effects. Results: At the initial visit, 15.8% of patients with ALS were 3 Hz RNS (+) on the accessory nerve and EMG (-) on the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid, accounting for 36.3% of RNS (+) patients. The decremental range of the 3 Hz RNS test delivered to the accessory nerve in these patients [-14% (-19%, -12%)] was lower than that in patients with RNS (+)/EMG (+) [-17% (-23%, -13%)] (P<0.05), while the ratio of upper limb onset (64.9%) and non-definite diagnosis (28.9%) were higher [54.7% and 13.5% for patients with RNS (+)/EMG (+), P<0.05]. Furthermore, the Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) score [40 (37, 42)], body mass index (BMI) [23.8 (22.0, 25.4) kg/m2] and forced vital capacity (FVC) [92.8% (76.6%, 103.8%)] were higher in patients with RNS(+)/EMG(+) (P<0.05). The multivariate model suggested that, in patients with RNS (+)/EMG (-), the ratio of upper limb onset to lower limb onset was 1.04, while that of upper limb onset to bulbar onset was 2.02, and that of lower limb onset to bulbar onset was 1.94. The ratio of non-definite ALS to definite ALS was 1.13. The ALSFRS-R score, BMI, and FVC had a protective contribution to the electrophysiological function of the motor neurons. The ratio of the effect size of the ALSFRS-R or BMI to that of FVC was 3.37 and 1.14, respectively. Conclusions: Patients with ALS that were 3 Hz RNS (+) on the accessory nerve and EMG (-) on the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid had a smaller decremental range of the compound muscle action potential amplitude, and a higher proportion of upper limb onset and non-definite ALS. A higher ALSFRS-R score, BMI, and FVC have a protective effect to the electrophysiological function of motor neurons. The effect size of the ALSFRS-R score is the largest, followed by BMI and FVC.","['D006801', 'D000690', 'D004576', 'D009046', 'D009469', 'D004558', 'D000055', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875']"
38950362,"Hemispheric functional organization, as revealed by naturalistic neuroimaging, in pediatric epilepsy patients with cortical resections.","Functional changes in the pediatric brain following neural injuries attest to remarkable feats of plasticity. Investigations of the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie this plasticity have largely focused on activation in the penumbra of the lesion or in contralesional, homotopic regions. Here, we adopt a whole-brain approach to evaluate the plasticity of the cortex in patients with large unilateral cortical resections due to drug-resistant childhood epilepsy. We compared the functional connectivity (FC) in patients' preserved hemisphere with the corresponding hemisphere of matched controls as they viewed and listened to a movie excerpt in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. The preserved hemisphere was segmented into 180 and 200 parcels using two different anatomical atlases. We calculated all pairwise multivariate statistical dependencies between parcels, or parcel edges, and between 22 and 7 larger-scale functional networks, or network edges, aggregated from the smaller parcel edges. Both the left and right hemisphere-preserved patient groups had widespread reductions in FC relative to matched controls, particularly for within-network edges. A case series analysis further uncovered subclusters of patients with distinctive edgewise changes relative to controls, illustrating individual postoperative connectivity profiles. The large-scale differences in networks of the preserved hemisphere potentially reflect plasticity in the service of maintained and/or retained cognitive function.","['D006801', 'D002648', 'D008279', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000293', 'D059906', 'D004827', 'D002540', 'D009473', 'D000069279', 'D001931', 'D007839']"
38949694,"Amorfrutin B Compromises Hypoxia/Ischemia-induced Activation of Human Microglia in a PPARγ-dependent Manner: Effects on Inflammation, Proliferation Potential, and Mitochondrial Status.","Amorfrutin B is a selective PPARγ modulator that we demonstrated to be a promising neuroprotective compound in cellular models of stroke and perinatal asphyxia. Although neuronal mechanisms of amorfrutin B-evoked neuroprotection have been identified, none of them reflects the actions of the compound on microglia, which play a pivotal role in brain response to hypoxia/ischemia. Here, we provide evidence for amorfrutin B-induced effects on human microglia subjected to hypoxia/ischemia; the compound counteracts inflammation, and influences mitochondrial status and proliferation potential in a PPARγ-dependent manner. Post-treatment with amorfrutin B decreased the IBA1 fluorescence intensity, reduced caspase-1 activity, and downregulated IL1B/IL-1β and TNFA but not IL10/IL-10 expression, which was upregulated. Amorfrutin B also stimulated PPARγ signaling, as evidenced by increased mRNA and/or protein levels of PPARγ and PGC1α. In addition, amorfrutin B reversed the hypoxia/ischemia-evoked effects on mitochondria-related parameters, such as mitochondrial membrane potential, BCL2/BCL2 expression and metabolic activity, which were correlated with diminished proliferation potential of microglia. Interestingly, the inhibitory effect of amorfrutin B on the proliferation potential and mitochondrial function of microglia is opposite to the stimulatory effect of amorfrutin B on mouse neuronal survival, as evidenced by increased neuronal viability and reduced neurodegeneration. In summary, this study showed for the first time that amorfrutin B compromises hypoxia/ischemia-induced activation of human microglia in a PPARγ-dependent manner, which involves inhibiting inflammation, normalizing mitochondrial status, and controlling proliferation potential. These data extend the protective potential of amorfrutin B in the pharmacotherapy of hypoxic/ischemic brain injury, targeting not only neurons but also activated microglia.","['D047495', 'D006801', 'D017628', 'D049109', 'D008928', 'D020925', 'D007249', 'D002478', 'D018696']"
38949652,Editing of endogenous tubulins reveals varying effects of tubulin posttranslational modifications on axonal growth and regeneration.,"Tubulin posttranslational modifications (PTMs) modulate the dynamic properties of microtubules and their interactions with other proteins. However, the effects of tubulin PTMs were often revealed indirectly through the deletion of modifying enzymes or the overexpression of tubulin mutants. In this study, we directly edited the endogenous tubulin loci to install PTM-mimicking or -disabling mutations and studied their effects on microtubule stability, neurite outgrowth, axonal regeneration, cargo transport, and sensory functions in the touch receptor neurons of Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that the status of β-tubulin S172 phosphorylation and K252 acetylation strongly affected microtubule dynamics, neurite growth, and regeneration, whereas α-tubulin K40 acetylation had little influence. Polyglutamylation and detyrosination in the tubulin C-terminal tail had more subtle effects on microtubule stability likely by modulating the interaction with kinesin-13. Overall, our study systematically assessed and compared several tubulin PTMs for their impacts on neuronal differentiation and regeneration and established an in vivo platform to test the function of tubulin PTMs in neurons.","['D000818', 'D014404', 'D011499', 'D017173', 'D008870', 'D029742', 'D000107', 'D001369', 'D010766', 'D009416', 'D016547']"
38949537,"Brain-age prediction: Systematic evaluation of site effects, and sample age range and size.","Structural neuroimaging data have been used to compute an estimate of the biological age of the brain (brain-age) which has been associated with other biologically and behaviorally meaningful measures of brain development and aging. The ongoing research interest in brain-age has highlighted the need for robust and publicly available brain-age models pre-trained on data from large samples of healthy individuals. To address this need we have previously released a developmental brain-age model. Here we expand this work to develop, empirically validate, and disseminate a pre-trained brain-age model to cover most of the human lifespan. To achieve this, we selected the best-performing model after systematically examining the impact of seven site harmonization strategies, age range, and sample size on brain-age prediction in a discovery sample of brain morphometric measures from 35,683 healthy individuals (age range: 5-90 years; 53.59% female). The pre-trained models were tested for cross-dataset generalizability in an independent sample comprising 2101 healthy individuals (age range: 8-80 years; 55.35% female) and for longitudinal consistency in a further sample comprising 377 healthy individuals (age range: 9-25 years; 49.87% female). This empirical examination yielded the following findings: (1) the accuracy of age prediction from morphometry data was higher when no site harmonization was applied; (2) dividing the discovery sample into two age-bins (5-40 and 40-90 years) provided a better balance between model accuracy and explained age variance than other alternatives; (3) model accuracy for brain-age prediction plateaued at a sample size exceeding 1600 participants. These findings have been incorporated into CentileBrain (https://centilebrain.org/#/brainAGE2), an open-science, web-based platform for individualized neuroimaging metrics.","['D006801', 'D000293', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D002648', 'D055815', 'D008297', 'D001921', 'D000369', 'D002675', 'D008875', 'D000375', 'D008279', 'D059906', 'D018401']"
38949487,Measuring functional connectivity in frequency-domain helps to better characterize brain function.,"Resting-state functional connectivity (FC) is widely used in multivariate pattern analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), including identifying the locations of putative brain functional borders, predicting individual phenotypes, and diagnosing clinical mental diseases. However, limited attention has been paid to the analysis of functional interactions from a frequency perspective. In this study, by contrasting coherence-based and correlation-based FC with two machine learning tasks, we observed that measuring FC in the frequency domain helped to identify finer functional subregions and achieve better pattern discrimination capability relative to the temporal correlation. This study has proven the feasibility of coherence in the analysis of fMRI, and the results indicate that modeling functional interactions in the frequency domain may provide richer information than that in the time domain, which may provide a new perspective on the analysis of functional neuroimaging.","['D006801', 'D008279', 'D063132', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000069550', 'D055815', 'D001921', 'D009415']"
38949388,"Isolation, Expansion, and Nucleofection of Neural Stem Cells from Adult Murine Subventricular Zone.","Isolation and expansion of neural stem cells (NSCs) from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult mouse brain can be achieved in a medium supplemented with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) as mitogens, producing clonal aggregates known as neurospheres. This in vitro system is a valuable tool for studying NSC potential. Transfection of siRNAs or genes carried in plasmids can be used to induce perturbations to gene expression and study NSC biology. However, the exogenous nucleic acid delivery to NSC cultures is challenging due to the low efficiency of central nervous system (CNS) cells transfection. Here, we present an improved nucleofection system that achieves high efficiency of gene delivery in expanded NSCs from adult murine SVZ. We demonstrate that this relatively simple method enhances gene perturbation in adult NSCs, surpassing traditional transfection protocols with survival rates exceeding 80%. Moreover, this method can also be applied in primary isolated NSCs, providing a crucial advancement in gene function studies through gene expression manipulation via knockdown or overexpression in neurosphere cultures.","['D000818', 'D058953', 'D051379', 'D014162', 'D020547', 'D003584']"
38949205,Altered executive control network and default model network topology are linked to acute electronic cigarette use: A resting-state fNIRS study.,"In recent years, electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) have gained popularity as stylish, safe, and effective smoking cessation aids, leading to widespread consumer acceptance. Although previous research has explored the acute effects of combustible cigarettes or nicotine replacement therapy on brain functional activities, studies on e-cigs have been limited. Using fNIRS, we conducted graph theory analysis on the resting-state functional connectivity of 61 male abstinent smokers both before and after vaping e-cigs. And we performed Pearson correlation analysis to investigate the relationship between alterations in network metrics and changes in craving. E-cig use resulted in increased degree centrality, nodal efficiency, and local efficiency within the executive control network (ECN), while causing a decrease in these properties within the default model network (DMN). These alterations were found to be correlated with reductions in craving, indicating a relationship between differing network topologies in the ECN and DMN and decreased craving. These findings suggest that the impact of e-cig usage on network topologies observed in male smokers resembles the effects observed with traditional cigarettes and other forms of nicotine delivery, providing valuable insights into their addictive potential and effectiveness as aids for smoking cessation.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000072137', 'D000328', 'D066300', 'D056344', 'D066249', 'D019265', 'D055815', 'D000082702', 'D001921', 'D016540', 'D009415']"
38949022,Disordered but effective: short linear motifs as gene therapy targets for hyperexcitability disorders.,"Multiple approaches have targeted voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels for analgesia. In this issue of the JCI, Shin et al. identified a peptide aptamer, NaViPA1, carrying a short polybasic motif flanked by serine residues in a structurally disordered region of loop 1 in tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) but not tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) channels. NaViPA1h inhibited TTX-S NaV channels and attenuated excitability of sensory neurons. Delivery of NaViPA1 in vivo via adeno-associated virions restricted its expression to peripheral sensory neurons and induced analgesia in rats. Targeting of short linear motifs in this manner may provide a gene therapy modality, with minimal side effects due to its peripherally-restricted biodistribution, which opens up a therapeutic strategy for hyperexcitability disorders, including pain.","['D015316', 'D000818', 'D006801', 'D051381', 'D061566', 'D011984', 'D010146', 'D020816']"
38948940,The clinical and predictive value of 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic patterns in a clinical Chinese cohort with autoimmune encephalitis.,To investigate the diagnostic and predictive role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with autoimmune encephalitis (AE) as a whole group.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D019788', 'D000072078', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D004660', 'D055815', 'D015331', 'D011237', 'D050031', 'D001921', 'D000293', 'D002681', 'D019275', 'D000368', 'D008279', 'D000095225']"
38955689,[Peripheral neuropathy originating from short stature in 4 children].,4例患儿以身材矮小就诊，其中男2例、女2例，就诊年龄分别为7岁、11岁6月龄、9岁11月龄和9岁3月龄。2例表现为短肢畸形，1例曾有数次因双下肢无力跌倒病史，1例出现双下肢感觉异常。查体发现3例双侧膝反射消失、1例减弱，行神经电生理检查均提示周围神经病。4例患儿最终经遗传学分析均确诊遗传性周围神经病，3例为腓骨肌萎缩症1A型，1例为遗传性感觉和自主神经病1D型。.,"['D006801', 'D002648', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D010523']"
38954792,Advances in Ketogenic Diet Therapies in Pediatric Epilepsy: A Systematic Review.,"Objective: To review the effects of the ketogenic diet on epilepsy in children and adolescents. Data Sources: A literature search was conducted in PubMed with no publication date or language restrictions based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses guidelines. Keywords used included children, adolescent, ketogenic diet, epilepsy, and seizure. Study Selection: After excluding articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria, such as missing variables of study, adult population, and nonrandomized clinical trials, a total of 12 studies were included in the final review. Data Extraction: Data on study design, duration, sample size, population, and type of intervention were collected using a standard template. Results: The ketogenic diet and its modified versions were noted to have beneficial effects in reduction of seizure frequency and severity, with manageable adverse effects such as gastrointestinal disturbances, dehydration, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, infection, and metabolic acidosis. Conclusions: Depending on patient compliance and comorbidities, all variations of the ketogenic diet were found to be helpful for seizure treatment, whether as an additive or an alternative treatment option, for children and adolescents with epilepsy. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2024;26(3):23r03661. Author affiliations are listed at the end of this article.","['D006801', 'D055423', 'D004827', 'D002648', 'D000293']"
38954061,Management of external ventricular drain: to wean or not to wean?,"External ventricular drain (EVD) is one of the most frequent procedures in neurosurgery and around 15 to 30% of these patients require a permanent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion. The optimal EVD weaning strategy is still unclear. Whether gradual weaning compared to rapid closure, reduces the rate of permanent CSF diversion remains controversial. The aim of this trial is to compare the rates of permanent CSF diversion between gradual weaning and rapid closure of an EVD.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D004322', 'D000368', 'D014696', 'D006849', 'D016896']"
38953674,[Not Available].,"This is a case report of 51-year-old male patient with various symptoms including skin rashes, sensory disturbances, and non-cicatricial hair loss. Despite previous tests, the cause remained elusive until a dermatological examination revealed signs of syphilis. The patient's history, including his sexual relationships, became key in confirming the diagnosis, leading to treatment for neurosyphilis. With a rising incidence of syphilis in Denmark, this case highlights the importance of considering syphilis as a potential diagnosis across medical specialities because of the diverse and challenging clinical manifestations.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D009494', 'D013587', 'D000900']"
38953004,"A case report of Japanese encephalitis in Paracelis, Mountain Province, the Philippines.","On 12 September 2022, a 10-year-old female in Paracelis municipality, Mountain Province, the Philippines, without travel history outside the municipality, experienced acute onset of fever and a change in mental status with disorientation, an altered level of consciousness and new onset of seizures. She was hospitalized at the district hospital from 1 to 3 October 2022, before being transferred to the regional hospital. As diphtheria was originally suspected, the investigation team reviewed records and reports and interviewed key informants to gather additional information and organize case finding and contact tracing. The patient's condition was laboratory-confirmed for Japanese encephalitis virus infection. An environmental survey was carried out at the patient's residence to check for the presence of vectors and contributing factors. Exemplifying inadequate vaccination coverage for Japanese encephalitis virus in Mountain Province, the patient had not been vaccinated against the disease. It is recommended that vaccination campaigns be immediately implemented in the affected area and the surveillance system be strengthened for early detection and prompt response to the emergence of cases and outbreaks. Overall, the investigation highlighted the importance of strong surveillance and response systems for early detection and control of diseases, such as Japanese encephalitis virus. It also underscores the need for comprehensive vaccination programmes to prevent outbreaks and protect vulnerable populations.","['D006801', 'D010679', 'D005260', 'D004672', 'D002648', 'D004664']"
38952400,Study on the Relationship Between MRI Functional Imaging and Multiple Immunohistochemical Features of Glioma: A Noninvasive and More Precise Glioma Management.,To investigate the performance of diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) and hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) parameters in predicting the immunohistochemistry (IHC) biomarkers of glioma.,"['D006801', 'D005910', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D007150', 'D001932', 'D056324', 'D008279', 'D000368', 'D066244', 'D055815']"
38951798,Rare variant analyses validate known ALS genes in a multi-ethnic population and identifies ANTXR2 as a candidate in PLS.,"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting over 300,000 people worldwide. It is characterized by the progressive decline of the nervous system that leads to the weakening of muscles which impacts physical function. Approximately, 15% of individuals diagnosed with ALS have a known genetic variant that contributes to their disease. As therapies that slow or prevent symptoms continue to develop, such as antisense oligonucleotides, it is important to discover novel genes that could be targets for treatment. Additionally, as cohorts continue to grow, performing analyses in ALS subtypes, such as primary lateral sclerosis (PLS), becomes possible due to an increase in power. These analyses could highlight novel pathways in disease manifestation.","['D005260', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D000690', 'D005006', 'D020022', 'D014644', 'D000094854', 'D000095225', 'D000094842', 'D006630', 'D000094864', 'D000094853']"
38953571,Differential expression profiles and functional prediction of circular RNAs in lung cancer patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot study.,"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by clinical sub-phenotypes such as emphysema (E) and chronic bronchitis (CB), is associated with a greater risk of lung cancer (LC). This study aimed to assess the expression patterns of circRNA and their potential functional involvement in LC patients with COPD. A circRNA microarray was used to characterize differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) profiles. A total of 176, 240, 163, and 243 DEcircRNAs were identified in comparisons between CB vs. LC patients (Con), E vs. Con, E vs. CB, and CBE vs. Con, respectively. DEcircRNAs in all comparison groups were primarily associated with immune-related GO terms and were also enriched in immune and inflammatory pathways. In total, 49 DEcircRNAs were significantly correlated with the infiltration of multiple immune cells. Among them, hsa-MROH9_0001 and hsa-RP11-35J10_0013 were positively and negatively correlated with plasma cells and T-cell CD4 memory resting cells, respectively; these two DEcircRNA-sponged miRNAs have good diagnostic performance. WGCNA identified six key circRNAs associated with CB progression. The expression patterns of hsa-MROH9_0001 and circRNA_21729 in E and CB groups were confirmed by RT-qPCR. In conclusion, we reported circRNA profiles and the findings demonstrated that hsa-MROH9_0001 and circRNA_21729 may be potential therapeutic targets for LC with COPD.","['D006801', 'D029424', 'D000079962', 'D008175', 'D010865', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D020869', 'D008875', 'D059467', 'D015972']"
38952320,[Application of the CRISPR/Cas system in gene editing and nucleic acid detection of parasitic diseases: a review].,"CRISPR/Cas system, an adaptive immune system with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, may interfere with exogenous nucleic acids and protect prokaryotes from external damages, is an effective gene editing and nucleic acid detection tools. The CRISPR/Cas system has been widely applied in virology and bacteriology; however, there is relatively less knowledge about the application of the CRISPR/Cas system in parasitic diseases. The review summarizes the mechanisms of action of the CRISPR/Cas system and provides a comprehensive overview of their application in gene editing and nucleic acid detection of parasitic diseases, so as to provide insights into future studies on parasitic diseases.","['D064113', 'D000072669', 'D006801', 'D010272', 'D000818', 'D009696']"
38952313,[Molecular tracing of Biomphalaria straminea in China].,"To investigate the origin of Biomphalaria straminea in China, so as to provide insights into assessment of schistosomiasis mansoni transmission risk and B. straminea control.","['D000818', 'D002681', 'D010802', 'D012336', 'D001700', 'D003576', 'D006239']"
38951806,Recent advances in gene delivery nanoplatforms based on spherical nucleic acids.,"Gene therapy is a therapeutic option for mitigating diseases that do not respond well to pharmacological therapy. This type of therapy allows for correcting altered and defective genes by transferring nucleic acids to target cells. Notably, achieving a desirable outcome is possible by successfully delivering genetic materials into the cell. In-vivo gene transfer strategies use two major classes of vectors, namely viral and nonviral. Both of these systems have distinct pros and cons, and the choice of a delivery system depends on therapeutic objectives and other considerations. Safe and efficient gene transfer is the main feature of any delivery system. Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) are nanotechnology-based gene delivery systems (i.e., non-viral vectors). They are three-dimensional structures consisting of a hollow or solid spherical core nanoparticle that is functionalized with a dense and highly organized layer of oligonucleotides. The unique structural features of SNAs confer them a high potency in internalization into various types of tissue and cells, a high stability against nucleases, and efficay in penetrating through various biological barriers (such as the skin, blood-brain barrier, and blood-tumor barrier). SNAs also show negligible toxicity and trigger minimal immune response reactions. During the last two decades, all these favorable physicochemical and biological attributes have made them attractive vehicles for drug and nucleic acid delivery. This article discusses the unique structural properties, types of SNAs, and also optimization mechanisms of SNAs. We also focus on recent advances in the synthesis of gene delivery nanoplatforms based on the SNAs.","['D006801', 'D018014', 'D009696', 'D000818', 'D015316', 'D053758', 'D036103']"
38951329,RNAi-Mediated Silencing in the Insect Cell-Baculovirus Expression System.,"RNA interference (RNAi) serves as an indispensable tool for gene function studies and has been substantiated through extensive research for its practical applications in the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS). This chapter expands the RNAi toolkit in insect cell culture by including small interfering RNA (siRNA) in the protocol, in addition to the conventional use of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). This chapter also brings attention to key design and reporting considerations, based on Minimum Information About an RNAi Experiment (MIARE) guidelines. Recommendations regarding online tools for dsRNA and siRNA design are provided, along with guidance on choosing suitable methods for measuring silencing outcomes.","['D000818', 'D034622', 'D016367', 'D012330', 'D034741', 'D005822', 'D007313', 'D002460', 'D061987']"
38951284,A universal fluorescence biosensor based on rolling circle amplification and locking probe for DNA detection.,"A stable DNA signal amplification sensor was developed on account of rolling circle amplification (RCA). This sensor includes target DNA-controlled rolling circle amplification technology and locking probe DNA replacement technology, which can be used to detect DNA fragments with genetic information, thus constructing a biosensor for universal detection of DNA. This study takes the homologous DNA of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and let-7a as examples to describe this biosensor. The padlock probe is first cyclized by T4 DNA ligase in response to the target's reaction with it. Then, rolling cycle amplification is initiated by Phi29 DNA polymerase, resulting in the formation of a lengthy chain with several triggers. These triggers can open the locked probe LP1 with the fluorescence signal turned off, so that it can continue to react with H2 to form a stable H1-H2 double strand. This regulates the distance between B-DNA modified by the quenching group and H1 modified by fluorescent group, and the fluorescence signal is recovered.","['D015374', 'D021141', 'D006801', 'D015342', 'D005456', 'D004279', 'D004247', 'D013050', 'D005453', 'D004259', 'D057230', 'D006678']"
38950369,Activity of DNA polymerase κ across the genome in human fibroblasts.,"DNA polymerase κ (Polκ) is a specialized polymerase that has multiple cellular roles such as translesion DNA synthesis, replication of repetitive sequences, and nucleotide excision repair. We have developed a method for capturing DNA synthesized by Polκ utilizing a Polκ-specific substrate, N2-(4-ethynylbenzyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine (EBndG). After shearing of the DNA into 200 to 500 bp lengths, the EBndG-containing DNA was covalently bound to biotin using the Cu(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition reaction and isolated with streptavidin beads. Isolated DNA was then ligated to adaptors, followed by PCR amplification and next-generation sequencing to generate genome-wide repair maps. We have termed this method polymerase κ sequencing. Here, we present the human genome maps for Polκ activity in an undamaged cell line. We found that Polκ activity was enhanced in GC-rich regions, euchromatin regions, the promoter of genes, and in DNA that is replicated early in the S phase.","['D006801', 'D004259', 'D005347', 'D015894', 'D004260', 'D004247', 'D002460', 'D004261']"
38949304,Polymerase Chain Reaction and Dot-Blot Hybridization for Leptospira Detection in Water Samples.,"The dot-blot is a simple, fast, sensitive, and versatile technique that enables the identification of minimal quantities of DNA specifically targeted by probe hybridization in the presence of carrier DNA. It is based on the transfer of a known amount of DNA onto an inert solid support, such as a nylon membrane, utilizing the dot-blot apparatus and without electrophoretic separation. Nylon membranes have the advantage of high nucleic acid binding capacity (400 µg/cm2), high strength, and are positively or neutrally charged. The probe used is a highly specific ssDNA fragment of 18 to 20 bases long labeled with digoxigenin (DIG). The probe will conjugate with the Leptospira DNA. Once the probe has hybridized with the target DNA, it is detected by an anti-digoxigenin antibody, allowing its easy detection through its emissions revealed in an X-ray film. The dots with an emission will correspond to the DNA fragments of interest. This method employs the non-isotopic labeling of the probe, which may have a very long half-life. The drawback of this standard immuno-label is a lower sensitivity than isotopic probes. Nevertheless, it is mitigated by coupling polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and dot-blot assays. This approach enables the enrichment of the target sequence and its detection. Additionally, it may be used as a quantitative application when compared against a serial dilution of a well-known standard. A dot-blot application to detect Leptospira from the three main clades in water samples is presented here. This methodology can be applied to large amounts of water once they have been concentrated by centrifugation to provide evidence of the presence of Leptospiral DNA. This is a valuable and satisfactory tool for general screening purposes, and may be used for other non-culturable bacteria that may be present in water, enhancing the comprehension of the ecosystem.","['D007919', 'D016133', 'D004269', 'D009693', 'D014871']"
38949285,Atomistic insights into the reentrant phase-transitions in polyuracil and polylysine mixtures.,"The phase separation of protein and RNA mixtures underpins the assembly and regulation of numerous membraneless organelles in cells. The ubiquity of protein-RNA condensates in cellular regulatory processes is in part due to their sensitivity to RNA concentration, which affects their physical properties and stability. Recent experiments with poly-cationic peptide-RNA mixtures have revealed closed-loop phase diagrams featuring lower and upper critical solution temperatures. These diagrams indicate reentrant phase transitions shaped by biomolecular interactions and entropic forces such as solvent and ion reorganization. We employed atomistic simulations to study mixtures with various RNA-polylysine stoichiometries and temperatures to elucidate the microscopic driving forces behind reentrant phase transitions in protein-RNA mixtures. Our findings reveal an intricate interplay between hydration, ion condensation, and specific RNA-polylysine hydrogen bonding, resulting in distinct stoichiometry-dependent phase equilibria governing stabilities and structures of the condensate phase. Our simulations show that reentrant transitions are accompanied by desolvation around the phosphate groups of RNA, with increased contacts between phosphate and lysine side chains. In RNA-rich systems at lower temperatures, RNA molecules can form an extensive pi-stacking and hydrogen bond network, leading to percolation. In protein-rich systems, no such percolation-induced transitions are observed. Furthermore, we assessed the performance of three prominent water force fields-Optimal Point Charge (OPC), TIP4P-2005, and TIP4P-D-in capturing reentrant phase transitions. OPC provided a superior balance of interactions, enabling effective capture of reentrant transitions and accurate characterization of changes in solvent reorganization. This study offers atomistic insights into the nature of reentrant phase transitions using simple model peptide and nucleotide mixtures. We believe that our results are broadly applicable to larger classes of peptide-RNA mixtures exhibiting reentrant phase transitions.","['D011107', 'D044367', 'D012313', 'D056004', 'D006860', 'D011072']"
38949075,"Decoding dysregulated genes, molecular pathways and microRNAs involved in cervical cancer.","The present study aimed to identify dysregulated genes, molecular pathways, and regulatory mechanisms in human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cervical cancers. We have investigated the disease-associated genes along with the Gene Ontology, survival prognosis, transcription factors and the microRNA (miRNA) that are involved in cervical carcinogenesis, enabling a deeper comprehension of cervical cancer linked to HPV.","['D002583', 'D006801', 'D035683', 'D005260', 'D015972', 'D019295', 'D020869', 'D053263', 'D030361', 'D063990', 'D014408', 'D011379', 'D030541', 'D015398']"
38949002,Role of Machine Learning in Liquid Biopsy of Brain Tumours.,"Liquid biopsy has multiple benefits and is used extensively in other fields of oncology, but its role in neuro-oncology has been limited so far. Multiple tumour-derived materials like circulating tumour cells (CTCs), tumour-educated platelets (TEPs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), and miRNA are studied in CSF, blood (plasma, serum) or urine. Large and complex amounts of data from liquid biopsy can be simplified by machine learning using various algorithms. By using this technique, we can diagnose brain tumours and differentiate low versus highgrade glioma and true progression from pseudo-progression. The potential of liquid biopsy in brain tumours has not been extensively studied, but it has a bright future in the coming years. Here, we present a literature review on the role of machine learning in liquid biopsy of brain tumours.","['D006801', 'D000073890', 'D000069550', 'D001932', 'D009360', 'D000074141', 'D005910', 'D014408', 'D035683']"
38948979,Association of eating habits with mitochondrial DNA copy number in eveningness chronotypes: Origin research.,To determine the relationship between eating habits and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid copy number in adult cases of eveningness chronotypes.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D004272', 'D005247', 'D003430', 'D008875', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D056915', 'D002940', 'D010154', 'D011795', 'D000072001', 'D000094407']"
38948931,Novel mRNA adjuvant ImmunER enhances prostate cancer tumor-associated antigen mRNA therapy via augmenting T cell activity.,"Prostate cancer (PCa) is characterized as a ""cold tumor"" with limited immune responses, rendering the tumor resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Therapeutic messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have emerged as a promising strategy to overcome this challenge by enhancing immune reactivity and significantly boosting anti-tumor efficacy. In our study, we synthesized Tetra, an mRNA vaccine mixed with multiple tumor-associated antigens, and ImmunER, an immune-enhancing adjuvant, aiming to induce potent anti-tumor immunity. ImmunER exhibited the capacity to promote dendritic cells (DCs) maturation, enhance DCs migration, and improve antigen presentation at both cellular and animal levels. Moreover, Tetra, in combination with ImmunER, induced a transformation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) to cDC1-CCL22 and up-regulated the JAK-STAT1 pathway, promoting the release of IL-12, TNF-α, and other cytokines. This cascade led to enhanced proliferation and activation of T cells, resulting in effective killing of tumor cells. In vivo experiments further revealed that Tetra + ImmunER increased CD8+T cell infiltration and activation in RM-1-PSMA tumor tissues. In summary, our findings underscore the promising potential of the integrated Tetra and ImmunER mRNA-LNP therapy for robust anti-tumor immunity in PCa.","['D000818', 'D008297', 'D011471', 'D000951', 'D051379', 'D003713', 'D000276', 'D012333', 'D019496', 'D006801', 'D008810', 'D045744', 'D000087503', 'D018414', 'D013601', 'D007167', 'D008213']"
38948930,Identification of RNA-binding protein hnRNP C targeting the 3'UTR of the TAP-associated glycoprotein tapasin in melanoma.,"Deregulation or loss of the human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) molecules on tumor cells leading to inhibition of CD8+ T cell recognition is an important tumor immune escape strategy, which could be caused by a posttranscriptional control of molecules in the HLA-I pathway mediated by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). So far, there exists only limited information about the interaction of RBPs with HLA-I-associated molecules, but own work demonstrated a binding of the heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein C (hnRNP C) to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the TAP-associated glycoprotein tapasin (tpn). In this study, in silico analysis of pan-cancer TCGA datasets revealed that hnRNP C is higher expressed in tumor specimens compared to corresponding normal tissues, which is negatively correlated to tpn expression, T cell infiltration and the overall survival of tumor patients. Functional analysis demonstrated an upregulation of tpn expression upon siRNA-mediated downregulation of hnRNP C, which is accompanied by an increased HLA-I surface expression. Thus, hnRNP C has been identified to target tpn and its inhibition could improve the HLA-I surface expression on melanoma cells suggesting its use as a possible biomarker for T-cell-based tumor immunotherapies.","['D006801', 'D008545', 'D034482', 'D020413', 'D026901', 'D045744', 'D015972']"
38948517,Evaluation of a blood miRNA/mRNA signature to follow-up Lu-PRRT therapy for G1/G2 intestinal neuroendocrine tumors.,"177Lu-oxodotreotide peptide receptor therapy (LuPRRT) is an efficient treatment for midgut neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of variable radiological response. Several clinical, biological, and imaging parameters may be used to establish a relative disease prognosis but none is able to predict early efficacy or toxicities. We investigated expression levels for mRNA and miRNA involved in radiosensitivity and tumor progression searching for correlations related to patient outcome during LuPRRT therapy.","['D006801', 'D018358', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D035683', 'D008875', 'D007414', 'D012333', 'D000368', 'D005500', 'D000328', 'D011379', 'D014408', 'D013004', 'D018000', 'D019275', 'D008187', 'D011868']"
38948282,"[miR-342-3p Promotes the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells by Targeted Inhibition of PPM1E].","To explore the effects of microRNA-342-3p/Mg2+Mn2+-dependent protein phosphatase 1E (miR-342-3p/PPM1E) on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cells.","['D035683', 'D002292', 'D049109', 'D002465', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D007680', 'D051379', 'D008819', 'D000071636', 'D045744', 'D008807', 'D009361']"
38948232,Mechanism of Brevibacillus brevis strain TR-4 against leaf disease of Photinia×fraseri Dress.,"Colletotrichum species are among the most common pathogens in agriculture and forestry, and their control is urgently needed.","['D058675', 'D010935', 'D012988', 'D020231', 'D012336', 'D018515', 'D058441', 'D008855']"
38948216,Development and application of multiplex PCR for the rapid identification of four Fusarium spp. associated with Fusarium crown rot in wheat.,"Fusarium crown rot (FCR), caused by Fusarium spp., is a devastating disease in wheat growing areas. Previous studies have shown that FCR is caused by co-infection of F. graminearum, F. pseudograminearum, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides in Hubei Province, China. In this study, a method was developed to simultaneously detected DNAs of F. graminearum, F. pseudograminearum, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides that can efficiently differentiate them. Whole genome sequence comparison of these four Fusarium spp. was performed and a 20 bp sequence was designed as an universal upstream primer. Specific downstream primers of each pathogen was also designed, which resulted in a 206, 482, 680, and 963 bp amplicon for each pathogen, respectively. Multiplex PCR specifically identified F. graminearum, F. pseudograminearum, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides but not from other 46 pathogens, and the detection limit of target pathogens is about 100 pg/μl. Moreover, we accurately determined the FCR pathogen species in wheat samples using the optimized multiplex PCR method. These results demonstrate that the multiplex PCR method established in this study can efficiently and rapidly identify F. graminearum, F. pseudograminearum, F. proliferatum, and F. verticillioides, which should provide technical support for timely and targeted prevention and control of FCR.","['D005670', 'D014908', 'D010935', 'D060885', 'D002681', 'D004271']"
38948025,LncRNA PCGEM1 facilitates cervical cancer progression via miR-642a-5p/KIF5B axis.,"At present, the role of many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as tumor suppressors in the formation and development of cervical cancer (CC) has been studied. However, lncRNA prostate cancer gene expression marker 1 (PCGEM1), whose high expression not only aggravates ovarian cancer but also can induce tumorigenesis and endometrial cancer progression, has not been studied in CC. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression and the underlying role of PCGEM1 in CC. The relative expression of PCGEM1 in CC cells was detected by real-time PCR. After the suppression of PCGEM1 expression by shRNA, the changes in the proliferation, migration, and invasion capacities were detected via CCK-8 assay, EdU assay, and colony formation assay wound healing assay. Transwell assay and the changes in expressions of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were determined by western blot and immunofluorescence. The interplay among PCGEM1, miR-642a-5p, and kinesin family member 5B (KIF5B) was confirmed by bioinformatics analyses and luciferase reporter assay. Results showed that PCGEM1 expressions were up-regulated within CC cells. Cell viabilities, migration, and invasion were remarkably reduced after the suppression of PCGEM1 expression by shRNA in Hela and SiHa cells. N-cadherin was silenced, but E-cadherin expression was elevated by sh-PCGEM1. Moreover, by sponging miR-642a-5p in CC, PCGEM1 was verified as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) that modulates KIF5B levels. MiR-642a-5p down-regulation partially rescued sh-PCGEM1's inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT process. In conclusion, the PCGEM1/miR-642a-5p/KIF5B signaling axis might be a novel therapeutic target in CC. This study provides a research basis and new direction for targeted therapy of CC.","['D006801', 'D062085', 'D002583', 'D035683', 'D005260', 'D016547', 'D049109', 'D058750', 'D018450', 'D002465', 'D015972', 'D045744', 'D006367', 'D009361']"
38948024,Silencing of the long non-coding RNA LINC00265 triggers autophagy and apoptosis in lung cancer by reducing protein stability of SIN3A oncogene.,"Long non-coding RNAs are important regulators in cancer biology and function either as tumor suppressors or as oncogenes. Their dysregulation has been closely associated with tumorigenesis. LINC00265 is upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma and is a prognostic biomarker of this cancer. However, the mechanism underlying its function in cancer progression remains poorly understood.","['D006801', 'D062085', 'D001343', 'D008175', 'D017209', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D056264', 'D049109', 'D045744', 'D012097', 'D015972', 'D055550', 'D020868', 'D009857', 'D000077192', 'D023041']"
38947286,New challenges in hepatocellular carcinoma: A role for PIWI-interacting RNAs?,"Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common and deadliest subtype of liver cancer worldwide and, therefore, poses an enormous threat to global health. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of HCC is central to improving our clinical approaches. PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that bind to PIWI family proteins to regulate gene expression at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. A growing body of work shows that the dysregulation of piRNAs plays a crucial role in the progression of various human cancers. In this editorial, we report on the current knowledge of HCC-associated piRNAs and their potential clinical utility. Based on the editorial by Papadopoulos and Trifylli, on the role and clinical evaluation of exosomal circular RNAs in HCC, we highlight this other emerging class of non-coding RNAs.","['D006801', 'D008113', 'D006528', 'D034741', 'D015972', 'D055354', 'D000079962', 'D018450', 'D014408']"
38946376,[Progress of research on circular RNA encoding proteins in disease].,"With the advance of research, non-coding RNA has been found to surpass the traditional definition to directly code functional proteins by coding sequence elements and binding with ribosomes. Among the non-coding RNAs, the function of circRNA encoded proteins has been most extensively studied. This study has used ""circRNA"", ""encoded"", and ""translation"" as the key words to search the PubMed and Web of Science databases. The retrieved literature was screened and traced, with the translation mechanism, related research methods, and correlation with diseases of circRNA reviewed. CircRNA can translate proteins through a non-cap-dependent pathway. Multiple molecular techniques, in particular mass spectrometry analysis, have important value in identifying unique peptide segments of circRNA encoded proteins for confirming their existence. The proteins encoded by the circRNA are involved in the pathogenesis of diseases of the digestive, neurological, urinary systems and the breast, and have the potential to serve as novel targets for disease diagnosis and treatment. This article has provided a comprehensive review for the basic theory, experimental methods, and disease-related research in the field of circRNA translation, which may provide clues for the identification of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets.","['D000079962', 'D006801', 'D012313', 'D011506', 'D000818', 'D014176', 'D004194']"
38945612,Modulation of bitter taste receptors by yeast extracts.,"Yeast extracts (YEs) are used in foods because of their flavour properties and ability to reduce bitterness. The adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) found in YEs is known to decrease the bitterness of some compounds. This study aimed to investigate the ability of YEs to inhibit bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) using in vitro cell-based assays. A screen of TAS2Rs activated by AMP and YEs revealed that AMP and the AMP-rich YE activated more TAS2Rs. The inhibitory effect of the AMP-rich YE on seven TAS2Rs activated by bitter agonists was studied. YE reduced TAS2R activation, increased the EC50 value and decreased the maximum amplitude, demonstrating competitive and non-competitive inhibitions. Amongst the nineteen TAS2Rs tested, seven showed 40 % or greater inhibition after treatment of AMP-rich YE. Our data provide a better understanding of the TAS2R inhibition mechanism of AMP-rich YEs and promote their use as a strategy to reduce bitterness in foods and medicines.","['D043562', 'D006801', 'D013649', 'D000249', 'D057809', 'D015003']"
38944674,Oxidative stress induces extracellular vesicle release by upregulation of HEXB to facilitate tumour growth in experimental hepatocellular carcinoma.,"Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in triggering tumour-aggressive behaviours. However, the energetic process by which tumour cells produce EVs remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate the involvement of β-hexosaminidase B (HEXB) in mediating EV release in response to oxidative stress, thereby promoting the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mechanistically, reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulate the nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), leading to the upregulation of both HEXB and its antisense lncRNA HEXB-AS. HEXB-AS can bind HEXB to form a protein/RNA complex, which elevates the protein stability of HEXB. The stabilized HEXB interacts with lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 (LAMP1), disrupting lysosome-multivesicular body (MVB) fusion, which protects EVs from degradation. Knockdown of HEXB efficiently inhibits EV release and curbs HCC growth both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, targeting HEXB by M-31850 significantly inhibits HCC growth, especially when combined with GW4869, an inhibitor of exosome release. Our results underscore the critical role of HEXB as a modulator that promotes EV release during HCC development.","['D000067128', 'D006528', 'D000818', 'D018384', 'D006801', 'D008113', 'D051379', 'D015854', 'D045744', 'D049109', 'D062085', 'D017382', 'D015972', 'D008297', 'D008819']"
38944427,CircRNAs in Pancreatic Cancer: New Tools for Target Identification and Therapeutic Intervention.,"We have reviewed the literature for circular RNAs (circRNAs) with efficacy in preclinical pancreatic-cancer related in vivo models. The identified circRNAs target chemoresistance mechanisms (n=5), secreted proteins and transmembrane receptors (n=15), transcription factors (n=9), components of the signaling- (n=11), ubiquitination- (n=2), autophagy-system (n=2), and others (n=9). In addition to identifying targets for therapeutic intervention, circRNAs are potential new entities for treatment of pancreatic cancer. Up-regulated circRNAs can be inhibited by antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) or clustered regularly interspaced short-palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated protein (CRISPR-CAS)-based intervention. The function of down-regulated circRNAs can be reconstituted by replacement therapy using plasmids or virus-based vector systems. Target validation experiments and the development of improved delivery systems for corresponding agents were examined.","['D006801', 'D000079962', 'D010190', 'D000818', 'D058990']"
38943587,[The Development of SpCas9 Variants with High Specificity and Efficiency Based on the HH Theory].,"Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) is the most popular tool in gene editing; however, off-target mutagenesis is one of the biggest impediments in its application. In our previous study, we proposed the HH theory, which states that sgRNA/DNA hybrid (hybrid) extrusion-induced enhancement of hydrophobic interactions between the hybrid and REC3/HNH is a key factor in cleavage initiation. Based on the HH theory, we analyzed the interactions between the REC3 domain and hybrid and obtained 8 mutant sites. We designed 8 SpCas9 variants (V1-V8), used digital droplet PCR to assess SpCas9-induced DNA indels in human cells, and developed high-fidelity variants. Thus, the HH theory may be employed to further optimize SpCas9-mediated genome editing systems, and the resultant V3, V6, V7, and V8 SpCas9 variants may be valuable for applications requiring high-precision genome editing.","['D006801', 'D000072669', 'D000076987', 'D064113', 'D013297', 'D057809', 'D054643', 'D000094704', 'D004247']"
38943586,[Latent Macrophage and Immature B Cell Lines Generated with Hygromycin-Resistant Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Genome Expresses Modest Levels of Viral miRNAs].,"Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) establishes latency mainly in B cells and causes lymphomas reminiscent of human gammaherpesvirus diseases in laboratory mice. To study the molecular mechanism of virus infection and how the viral determinants control cell and eventually cause tumorigenesis, readily available latently infected cell lines are essential. For in vitro MHV68 latency studies, only two cell culture systems have been available. Gammaherpesviruses are known to infect developing B cells and macrophages, therefore we aimed to expand the MHV68 latently infected cell line repertoire. Here, several latently infected immature B cell and macrophage-like cell line clones were generated. Hygromycin-resistant recombinant MHV68 was isolated from a laboratory-made latent cell line, HE2.1, and propagated to develop stable cell lines that carry the viral genome under hygromycin selection. Subclones of these cells lines were analyzed for viral miRNA expression by TaqMan qPCR and assessed for expression of a lytic viral transcript M3. The cell lines maintain the viral genome as an episome shown by the digestion-circularization PCR assay. Latently infected cell lines generated here do not express viral miRNAs higher than the parental cell line. However, these cell lines may provide an alternative tool to study latency mechanisms and miRNA target identification studies.","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D035683', 'D017735', 'D016679', 'D006921', 'D008264', 'D018144', 'D012367', 'D002460', 'D015967', 'D054448', 'D006566', 'D002934']"
38943584,"[Relationships between Cxcl12, Tweak, Notch1, and Yap mRNA Expression Levels in Molecular Mechanisms of Liver Fibrogenesis].","Current data on the molecular mechanisms of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis fail to fully explain all stages of their development. Interactions between individual genes and signaling pathways are known to play an important role in their functions. However, data on their relationships are insufficient and often contradictory. For the first time, mRNA expression of Notch1, Notch2, Yap1, Tweak (Tnfsf12), Fn14 (Tnfrsf12a), Ang, Vegfa, Cxcl12 (Sdf), Nos2, and Mmp-9 was studied in detail at several stages of thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in Wistar rats. A factor analysis isolated three factors, which combined highly correlated target genes. The first factor included four genes: Cxcl12 (r = 0.829, p < 0.05), Tweak (r = 0.841, p < 0.05), Notch1 (r = 0.848, p < 0.05), and Yap1 (r = 0.921, p < 0.05). The second factor described the correlation between Mmp-9 (r = 0.791, p < 0.05) and Notch2 (r = 0.836, p < 0.05). The third factor included Ang (r = 0.748, p < 0.05) and Vegfa (r = 0.679, p < 0.05). The Nos2 and Fn14 genes were not included in any of the factors. The gene grouping by mRNA expression levels made it possible to assume a pathogenetic relationship between their products in the development of fibrotic changes due to liver toxicity.","['D000818', 'D051381', 'D000091102', 'D017208', 'D008297', 'D051881', 'D012333', 'D054377', 'D000074049', 'D020780', 'D005786', 'D008103', 'D013853', 'D051883', 'D014157', 'D052247']"
38953825,Regional Disparity and Determinants of Body Mass Index Status among Tribal Women in Eastern India.,"The body mass index (BMI) is a commonly employed metric for determining the nutritional status and health risks associated with weight. Tribal women in India face neglect and discrimination in terms of livelihood, nutrition, education, wealth, and health-care access. The study examined 18,697 tribal women from Bihar, West Bengal, Jharkhand, and Odisha, using data from the National Family Health Survey-5. Multinomial logistic regression has been used to determine how the multiple background factors are associated with the BMI of tribal women. The study found that the prevalence of underweight and overweight was 28.5% and 7.6% among tribal women, respectively. Rural tribal women had a higher likelihood of being underweight, whereas urban women were more likely to be overweight. Odisha had a higher prevalence of underweight tribal women, whereas the prevalence is lower in Bihar. The higher prevalence of underweight among tribal women is alarming and necessitates a reconsideration of health infrastructure in the tribal areas.","['D006801', 'D007194', 'D005260', 'D015992', 'D000328', 'D013851', 'D050177', 'D055815', 'D015995', 'D012959', 'D008875', 'D000293', 'D006306', 'D012424', 'D014505', 'D009752', 'D054624', 'D000091569']"
38952397,A rapid action plan to improve diagnosis and management of lipodystrophy syndromes.,"Lipodystrophy syndromes are rare diseases that can present with a broad range of symptoms. Delays in diagnosis are common, which in turn, may predispose to the development of severe metabolic complications and end-organ damage. Many patients with lipodystrophy syndromes are only diagnosed after significant metabolic abnormalities arise. Prompt action by clinical teams may improve disease outcomes in lipodystrophy syndromes. The aim of the Rapid Action Plan is to serve as a set of recommendations from experts that can support clinicians with limited experience in lipodystrophy syndromes.","['D006801', 'D008060', 'D019468', 'D013577']"
38951859,Experienced and internalized weight stigma among Spanish adolescents.,"Weight stigma has negative consequences for both physiological and psychological health. Studies on weight stigma in adolescence, particularly from general populations, are scarce in the Mediterranean area. The main aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of experienced and internalized weight stigma among a representative sample of adolescents from the Spanish city of Terrassa, and to determine its association with sociodemographic variables and weight status.","['D006801', 'D000293', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D013030', 'D003430', 'D057545', 'D015995', 'D001835', 'D009765']"
38951823,Comparing sexual self-concept in women with obesity pre- and post-bariatric surgery.,"Obesity leads to increased disease burden, decreased life expectancy, and disrupted sexual life. One of the most effective ways of obesity treatment is bariatric surgery. This study was conducted aiming to determine and compare sexual self-concept in women with obesity pre- and post-bariatric surgery.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D050110', 'D012649', 'D000328', 'D009765', 'D008137', 'D007492', 'D008875', 'D011795', 'D012725', 'D055815']"
38950289,Association of urinary bisphenol A with hyperlipidemia and all-cause mortality: NHANES 2003-2016.,"The connection between urinary bisphenol A (BPA) and hyperlipidemia is still unclear, and few studies have evaluated whether urinary BPA affects mortality among individuals with hyperlipidemia. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the link between urinary BPA and hyperlipidemia and assess the impact of urinary BPA on mortality risk in subjects with hyperlipidemia.","['D006801', 'D010636', 'D001559', 'D006949', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D009749', 'D000328', 'D000368']"
38949610,Effect of stress-induced hyperglycemia on long-term mortality in non-diabetic patients with acute type A aortic dissection: a retrospective analysis.,"Acute Type A Aortic Dissection (AAAD) is one of the most life-threatening diseases, often associated with transient hyperglycemia induced by acute physiological stress. The impact of stress-induced hyperglycemia on the prognosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction has been reported. However, the relationship between stress-induced hyperglycemia and the prognosis of AAAD patients remains uncertain.","['D006801', 'D012189', 'D000784', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D006943', 'D008875', 'D013997', 'D012307', 'D000368', 'D001786', 'D001014', 'D018570', 'D000208', 'D015415', 'D011379', 'D000328']"
38949489,"Variational autoencoders for generative modeling of drug dosing determinants in renal, hepatic, metabolic, and cardiac disease states.","Physiological determinants of drug dosing (PDODD) are a promising approach for precision dosing. This study investigates the alterations of PDODD in diseases and evaluates a variational autoencoder (VAE) artificial intelligence model for PDODD. The PDODD panel contained 20 biomarkers, and 13 renal, hepatic, diabetes, and cardiac disease status variables. Demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements (body weight, body surface area, waist circumference), blood (plasma volume, albumin), renal (creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, urine flow, and urine albumin to creatinine ratio), and hepatic (R-value, hepatic steatosis index, drug-induced liver injury index), blood cell (systemic inflammation index, red cell, lymphocyte, neutrophils, and platelet counts) biomarkers, and medical questionnaire responses from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included. The tabular VAE (TVAE) generative model was implemented with the Synthetic Data Vault Python library. The joint distributions of the generated data vs. test data were compared using graphical univariate, bivariate, and multidimensional projection methods and distribution proximity measures. The PDODD biomarkers related to disease progression were altered as expected in renal, hepatic, diabetes, and cardiac diseases. The continuous PDODD panel variables generated by the TVAE satisfactorily approximated the distribution in the test data. The TVAE-generated distributions of some discrete variables deviated from the test data distribution. The age distribution of TVAE-generated continuous variables was similar to the test data. The TVAE algorithm demonstrated potential as an AI model for continuous PDODD and could be useful for generating virtual populations for clinical trial simulations.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D006331', 'D007674', 'D015415', 'D000328', 'D008107', 'D000368', 'D008659', 'D001185', 'D009749', 'D054796', 'D008954']"
38949149,"Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and abnormal serum potassium: a real-world, pharmacovigilance study.","New trials indicated a potential of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) to reduce hyperkalemia, which might have important clinical implications, but real-world data are limited. Therefore, we examined the effect of SGLT2i on hyper- and hypokalemia occurrence using the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS).","['D006801', 'D000077203', 'D006947', 'D012189', 'D007008', 'D008297', 'D060735', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D016907', 'D015994', 'D000368', 'D011188', 'D016208', 'D014481', 'D012307', 'D015415', 'D018570', 'D016896']"
38950913,"Service disruptions, trauma and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare providers delivering immunisation and maternal and child health services in Indonesia.","The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in extreme strain on health systems including the health workforce, essential health services and vaccination coverage. We examined disruptions to immunisation and maternal and child health (MCH) services, concerns of personal well-being and delivery of healthcare during the pandemic as well as factors associated with self-reported trauma or burnout among healthcare providers (HCPs).","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D007214', 'D005260', 'D002055', 'D006282', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D003430', 'D000068101', 'D008875', 'D000086402', 'D007114', 'D058873']"
38944457,Strategies of Well-being Training and Resilience.,"As cardiothoracic surgeons, we face frequent challenges to our well-being and our ability to function as our best selves. Building personal resilience is an important way to help us manage these challenges. Here, the authors outline the scope of the problem, the consequences of burnout, and offer 4 strategies to train ourselves to be more resilient: (1) Pursuit of fulfillment, (2) Cultivation of community and belonging, (3) Mitigation of microstresses and avoiding feelings of overwhelm, and (4) Building a ""resilience bank account.""","['D006801', 'D002055', 'D055500', 'D013903', 'D066231']"
38944453,Optimizing Work Relationships for Well-Being.,"This article discusses the importance of workplace relationships and its intricate dynamics within the Cardiothoracic Surgery field. It focuses on the demanding nature of the specialty and the significant stressors involved. The article outlines the goals of identifying themes within the workplace to strengthen camaraderie, minimize burnout, and enhance patient care. Key points highlighted include the vital role of teamwork and communication in providing safe and effective patient care. Various studies and initiatives underline the impact of improved teamwork and communication on reducing errors in health care settings.","['D006801', 'D002055', 'D017132', 'D013903', 'D007588', 'D007400']"
38944451,"Abuse, Bullying, Harassment, Discrimination, and Allyship in Cardiothoracic Surgery.","Abuse, bullying, harassment, and discrimination are prominent workplace occurrences within cardiothoracic (CT) surgery that cause burnout and threaten the well-being of surgeons. Under-represented and marginalized groups experience higher incidences of these negative events, and CT surgery is one of the least diverse specialties. The CT surgery workforce and institutional leadership must prioritize mentorship, sponsorship, and allyship to promote a diverse and healthy specialty for surgeon recruitment, growth, and job satisfaction.","['D006801', 'D058445', 'D013903', 'D066231', 'D002055', 'D007588']"
38944447,Wellness Strategies Among Bad Outcomes and Complications.,"Surgery of the chest is high stakes, and adverse events are common. Given the frequency and severity of such complications, cardiothoracic surgeons are at particularly high risk of becoming second victims. Even though our primary commitment as doctors is to take care of our patients, surgeons may fall into the emotional and intellectual trap of taking on the whole responsibility of a patient's poor outcome. This viewpoint may lead the physician to develop a heightened self-doubt, greater insecurity, and imposter syndrome, further affecting their ability to prevent complications and tackle difficult cases in the future.","['D006801', 'D011183', 'D002055', 'D066231']"
38942803,"Sleep quality and mental disorder symptoms among correctional workers in Ontario, Canada.","Correctional workers (CWs) report high levels of work stressors, frequent exposures to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs), and substantial mental health challenges. There is evidence of associations between sleep disturbances and diverse mental health challenges, including preliminary evidence from public safety personnel; however, replications and extensions would better inform interventions to support mental health. The current study was designed to examine associations between quality of sleep, work stress, and mental health disorders in a sample of diverse CWs employed in a provincial correctional service in Ontario, Canada. Data were analyzed from 943 CWs who participated in the cross-sectional, web-based Ontario Provincial Correctional Worker Mental Health and Well-Being Study conducted from December 2017 to June 2018. Sleep quality indicators included symptoms of insomnia, total hours of sleep per night on work nights and off-shift nights, number of days feeling rested per week, and overall sleep quality. Descriptive statistics, analyses of variance, correlational analyses, and logistic regression were used to examine relationships among sleep quality, stress of shift work, and mental health disorder symptoms. CWs slept an average of 6.0 h per night when working and 7.2 h during off-shift nights. CWs reported waking up feeling rested an average of 2.6 days per week and rated their overall quality of sleep in the fair to poor range. Many CWs (64.9%) screened positive for clinically significant symptoms of insomnia. There were also differences across occupational groups such that CWs working as correctional officers reported the most sleep problems. There were statistically significant relationships between insomnia and mental health disorder symptoms. Higher levels of stress from shift work were associated with worse sleep quality. CWs, especially those working as correctional officers in a provincial prison, reported many indicators consistent with poorer quality of sleep. Poor quality of sleep was also associated with work stress and mental health disorders.","['D006801', 'D009864', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D001523', 'D008875', 'D003430', 'D000089943', 'D000073397', 'D011330', 'D007319', 'D008603', 'D055815', 'D000093762']"
38940475,Advanced nurse practitioner well-being: A 4-year cohort mixed methods study.,"To examine changes in advanced nurse practitioner (ANP) well-being, satisfaction and motivation over a four-year period.","['D006801', 'D007588', 'D000086382', 'D006113', 'D009722', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008137', 'D011795', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D000086402', 'D009042', 'D015331', 'D013222', 'D058873', 'D016526', 'D002055']"
38937696,Occupational burnout and their determinants among schoolteachers in Nepal: a cross-sectional study.,"Burnout syndrome attributable to cumulative stressors is highly prevalent among teachers. Despite this, knowledge of burnout syndrome among schoolteachers in lower-middle-income countries are limited, therefore we aimed to investigate self-reported occupational burnout syndrome and associated factors among schoolteachers in Nepal.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D002055', 'D009390', 'D000070777', 'D003430', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D008875']"
38935694,Impacts of sleep disturbance and work-related life stress on depression among Japanese and Chinese workers.,"The present study investigated how life stress and sleep disturbance impact depressive symptoms among Chinese (N = 185) and Japanese (N = 464) workers. Based on a hypothesis that sleep disturbance can cause depression, a statistical model is established, expecting that work-related life stress indirectly increases depressive symptoms by worsening sleep disturbance rather than initiating depression directly. The study also examined the buffering effects of social support on depression. The extent of depressive symptoms, sleep disturbance symptoms (insomnia, hypersomnia, and nightmare), work-related stressors, and available social support were measured. The result revealed that the extent of depression was equivalent for both groups, but the Chinese reported more stress, less social support, and more severe sleep disturbance symptoms than the Japanese. Despite those differences, the statistical model fitted both groups well, suggesting that addressing sleep disturbance at the earliest opportunity can effectively prevent depression onset for workers.","['D006801', 'D003863', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D012893', 'D007564', 'D008875', 'D002681', 'D013315', 'D012944', 'D044466', 'D000073397', 'D000095225']"
38928988,Methodological and Practical Challenges in Synthesizing Occupational Cancer Studies.,"Studies examining occupational exposures and cancer risk frequently report mixed findings; it is thus imperative for researchers to synthesize study results and identify any potential sources that explain such variabilities in study findings. However, when synthesizing study results using meta-analytic techniques, researchers often encounter a number of practical and methodological challenges. These challenges include (1) an incomparability of effect size measures due to large variations in research methodology; (2) a violation of the independence assumption for meta-analysis; (3) a violation of the normality assumption of effect size measures; and (4) a variation in cancer definitions across studies and changes in coding standards over time. In this paper, we first demonstrate these challenges by providing examples from a real dataset collected for a large meta-analysis project that synthesizes cancer mortality and incidence rates among firefighters. We summarize how each of these challenges has been handled in our meta-analysis. We conclude this paper by providing practical guidelines for handling challenges when synthesizing study findings from occupational cancer literature.","['D006801', 'D009369', 'D016273', 'D015201', 'D009784', 'D061388', 'D012107', 'D015994']"
38928944,Mechanisms Explaining the Longitudinal Effect of Psychosocial Safety Climate on Work Engagement and Emotional Exhaustion among Education and Healthcare Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic.,"During the COVID-19 pandemic, the education and healthcare sectors were severely affected. There is a need to investigate the ways in which these workers in at-risk sectors can be protected and through what mechanisms. The aims of this research are, therefore, (1) to assess the mediating role of job demands and resources in the relationship between psychosocial safety climate (PSC) and work engagement and emotional exhaustion, and (2) to test for sector-specific differences among education and healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the study, which employed a longitudinal design including three measurement times, 70 education professionals and 69 healthcare professionals completed a questionnaire measuring PSC, psychological demands, social support, recognition, work engagement, and emotional exhaustion. The results show that PSC was significantly higher among education professionals than among healthcare professionals. When considering both job sectors together, mediation analyses show that social support mediates the PSC-work engagement relationship, while psychological demands mediate the PSC-emotional exhaustion relationship. Moderated mediation analyses show that job sector is a moderator: among education professionals, colleague support and recognition mediate the PSC-work engagement relationship, and psychological demands mediate the PSC-emotional exhaustion relationship. PSC is associated with more balanced job demands and resources, higher work engagement, and lower emotional exhaustion among education and healthcare professionals. The study of these two sectors, which are both vital to society but also more exposed to adverse work conditions, shows the importance that managers and executives must attach to their mental health by improving their respective working conditions.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D006282', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D008137', 'D002055', 'D000074824', 'D011795', 'D012944', 'D000071195', 'D008875', 'D000086402', 'D058873', 'D000097815']"
38928931,"A Comparison between Farm-Related Stress, Mental Health, and Social Support between Men and Women Farmers.","Agricultural producers have worse mental health than the general population; however, recent research has not considered differences in stressors and mental health conditions by gender. A survey was mailed to a random sample of farmers in Illinois to screen for symptoms of anxiety and depression and identify sources of stress and social support. Men experienced more stress related to environmental and economic conditions than women, while women tended to have slightly higher levels of geographic isolation stress than men. Overall, there were no significant differences by gender in the proportion meeting the criteria for depression or anxiety; however, the results are higher than what is observed in the general population. Among those farmers who experience higher levels of stress about geographic isolation, the odds for women farmers to experience depressive symptoms are four times more than men farmers (OR 4.46 (0.91, 21.8); p = 0.06). Additional research should examine the relationship between social support and mental health. Interventions to reduce stress by gender should be considered.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D012944', 'D000067565', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D008603', 'D003863', 'D013315', 'D001007', 'D000368', 'D012737', 'D007087', 'D055815', 'D000073397', 'D000383']"
38928930,From Engineered Stone Slab to Silicosis: A Synthesis of Exposure Science and Medical Evidence.,"Engineered stone (ES) is a popular building product, due to its architectural versatility and generally lower cost. However, the fabrication of organic resin-based ES kitchen benchtops from slabs has been associated with alarming rates of silicosis among workers. In 2024, fifteen years after the first reported ES-related cases in the world, Australia became the first country to ban the use and importation of ES. A range of interacting factors are relevant for ES-associated silicosis, including ES material composition, characteristics of dust exposure and lung cell-particle response. In turn, these are influenced by consumer demand, work practices, particle size and chemistry, dust control measures, industry regulation and worker-related characteristics. This literature review provides an evidence synthesis using a narrative approach, with the themes of product, exposure and host. Exposure pathways and pathogenesis are explored. Apart from crystalline silica content, consideration is given to non-siliceous ES components such as resins and metals that may modify chemical interactions and disease risk. Preventive effort can be aligned with each theme and associated evidence.","['D012829', 'D006801', 'D016273', 'D003252', 'D004391']"
38928914,A Case Study of Ergonomic Risk Assessment in Slovakia with Respect to EU Standard.,"Attention on work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) involves statistical surveys showing an increasing trend in the incidence of WMSDs. Technological development has led to new tools and methods for the assessment of physical load at work. These methods are mostly based on the direct sensing of appropriate parameters, which allows more precise quantification. The aim of this paper is to compare several commonly used methods in Slovakia for the assessment of ergonomic risk reflecting current EU and Slovak legislative regulations. A Captiv wireless sensory system was used at a car headlight quality control assembly workplace for sensing, data acquisition and data processing. During the evaluation of postures and movements at work, we discovered differences in the applicable standards: Decree 542/2007 Coll. (Slovak Legislation), the STN EN 1005-4+A1, and the French standards default in the Captiv system. Standards define the thresholds for hazardous postures with significant differences in several evaluated body segments, which affects the final evaluation of the measurements. Our experience from applying improved risk assessment methodology may have an impact on Slovak industrial workplaces. It was confirmed that there is a need to create uniform standards for the ergonomic risk assessment of body posture, including a detailed description of the threshold values for individual body segments.","['D018154', 'D006801', 'D006804', 'D018570', 'D009140', 'D011187', 'D005062', 'D009784']"
38926713,"Does the job performance of academics' influence burnout and psychological counselling? A comparative analysis amongst high-, average-, low-, and non-performers.","Extensive research has been conducted treating burnout as an independent variable and performance as a dependent variable to proffer possible solutions to burnout and job performance among academics. Despite this, the burnout crises persist and are exacerbated by the ongoing global proliferation of higher education. Acknowledging this, the current study explored whether performance may contribute to the emergence of burnout.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D002055', 'D000328', 'D002681', 'D003430', 'D000066477', 'D003376', 'D008875', 'D011795', 'D000073978', 'D014495', 'D055815']"
38926678,Exploring stress management strategies among emergency medical service providers in Iran: a qualitative content analysis.,Emergency medical service providers are frequently exposed to a variety of stressors as a result of their work environment. These stressors can have detrimental effects on both the physical and mental well-being of individuals. This study was conducted with the aim of exploring stress management strategies in emergency medical service providers.,"['D006801', 'D007492', 'D036301', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D004632', 'D007407', 'D000073397', 'D000223', 'D004634', 'D008875', 'D012308', 'D013315', 'D006282']"
38922840,Risk of Gynecological and Breast Cancers in Workers Exposed to Diesel Exhaust: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Of Cohort Studies.,This study aimed to explore the association between occupational exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) and gynaecological and breast cancers.,"['D006801', 'D001335', 'D005260', 'D016273', 'D001943', 'D009784', 'D015331', 'D005833', 'D012307', 'D018570']"
38922838,Managing Allergic Nickel Dermatitis in Occupational Settings: A Case Report.,"Contact dermatitis is a common cutaneous inflammatory condition, triggered by exposure to irritant substances or allergens. Nickel is the most prevalent allergen, a metal widely used in accessories, furniture, office materials, food and in industry, with multiple exposure pathways, making it difficult to assess which exposure is causing allergic dermatitis. Here, we report a case of an administrative worker with chronic hand eczema, limited to the radial metacarpophalangeal region of the left hand, caused by occupational exposure to nickel, confirmed by nickel deposition test on the hand and a positive test with a metallic stapler used at her workplace.","['D006801', 'D009532', 'D017449', 'D009783', 'D005260', 'D006229', 'D000328', 'D016273', 'D008875']"
38922835,The Digital Economy and Hybrid Work Call for a Review of Compensation Criteria for Musculoskeletal Disorders.,"Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD) pose a significant occupational health challenge in Europe. The digitization of the economy substantially reshaped the nature and organization of work. The proliferation of hybrid working, characterized by a combination of office-based and remote work, has been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This review covers hybrid forms of work, their impact on WRMSDs, and the potential implications for WRMSD compensation. Approximately 30-40% of the European workforce could potentially transition to hybrid forms of work. Hybrid work arrangements can result in prolonged static postures of the trunk, neck, and upper limbs without adequate breaks, thereby increasing the risk of neck and lower back pain. As teleworking and hybrid working become more prevalent, an increase in non-specific WRMSDs is anticipated among the working population. In many countries, claims for WRMSDs necessitate a formal diagnosis by a healthcare professional. However, cases of non-specific WRMSDs, such as cervicalgia or chronic shoulder pain, - commonly observed in sedentary workers engaged in predominantly low-intensity, prolonged static work amid visually and cognitively demanding tasks - often do not meet the criteria for compensation as occupational diseases. The compensation system and/or the criteria for compensation must be adapted to accommodate the rise of telework, necessitating evolving criteria for compensation that address both medical and risk exposure considerations.","['D006801', 'D009140', 'D009784', 'D014942', 'D000086382', 'D005060', 'D000085326']"
38922262,Ergonomic risks and musculoskeletal pain in hospital cleaning workers: Convergent Care Research with mixed methods.,to analyze exposure to ergonomic risks and the occurrence of musculoskeletal pain in workers in the Hospital Cleaning Service.,"['D006801', 'D006804', 'D009784', 'D059352', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D006797', 'D008875', 'D012307']"
38922232,Flower therapy and perceived stress in primary health care nursing professionals: randomized clinical trial.,To analyze the effectiveness of Bach flower therapy compared to placebo in reducing perceived stress levels in primary health care nursing professionals.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D035264', 'D059017', 'D008875', 'D000073397', 'D008517', 'D013315', 'D001938']"
38919622,Exposing the latent phenotype of Gulf War Illness: examination of the mechanistic mediators of cognitive dysfunction.,"Though it has been over 30 years since the 1990-1991 Gulf War (GW), the pathophysiology of Gulf War Illness (GWI), the complex, progressive illness affecting approximately 30% of GW Veterans, has not been fully characterized. While the symptomology of GWI is broad, many symptoms can be attributed to immune and endocrine dysfunction as these critical responses appear to be dysregulated in many GWI patients. Since such dysregulation emerges in response to immune threats or stressful situations, it is unsurprising that clinical studies suggest that GWI may present with a latent phenotype. This is most often observed in studies that include an exercise challenge during which many GWI patients experience an exacerbation of symptoms. Unfortunately, very few preclinical studies include such physiological stressors when assessing their experimental models of GWI, which creates variable results that hinder the elucidation of the mechanisms mediating GWI. Thus, the purpose of this review is to highlight the clinical and preclinical findings that investigate the inflammatory component of GWI and support the concept that GWI may be characterized as having a latent phenotype. We will mainly focus on studies assessing the progressive cognitive impairments associated with GWI and emphasize the need for physiological stressors in future work to create a more unified hypothesis that can identify potential therapeutics for this patient population.","['D006801', 'D018923', 'D060825', 'D010641', 'D000818']"
38918735,Prevalence and risk factors for obstructive pulmonary dysfunction caused by silica dust exposure: a multicenter cross-sectional study.,"To understand the prevalence rate of obstructive pulmonary dysfunction in workers exposed to silica dust and analyze its risk factors, so as to provide reference for the formulation of diagnostic criteria for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease caused by occupational dust.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D012822', 'D012307', 'D004391', 'D003430', 'D016273', 'D015995', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D002681', 'D029424', 'D009784', 'D011795', 'D008173', 'D015999']"
38918653,Oxidative Stress Assessment of Noise Exposure in the Workers Using Hearing Protection in a Pressing Industry.,Exposure to noise by generation of free radicals causes oxidative stress in body. The aim of this study was the evaluation of oxidative stress in workers who have used hearing protection devices during working time.,"['D006801', 'D018384', 'D016273', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D009623', 'D016022', 'D004430', 'D006317', 'D000975', 'D008875', 'D005500', 'D008315', 'D005260', 'D009784', 'D007221', 'D011379']"
38918647,A Scoping Review of Causal Associations between Occupation and Cancer Occurrence and Legal Burden of Proof.,"Occupational diseases, characterized by the gradual accumulation of work-related harmful effects over extended periods, often lack a distinct, identifiable incident causative of the disease. This ambiguity in pinpointing the work-relatedness of such diseases stems from the intricate interplay between occupational risks, workers' pathophysiological predispositions, and pre-existing health conditions, all of which evolve slowly over time. Consequently, establishing a definitive causal relationship between occupational exposure and disease manifestation becomes a pivotal, yet challenging, aspect in securing industrial accident insurance benefits. In contrast to occupational accidents, where causality is relatively more discernible, the complexity escalates in the context of occupational diseases. Typically, employers maintain the majority of data pertinent to establishing causality, but this data is frequently inadequate. Furthermore, the onus of proving the work-relatedness of a disease falls on the worker, a process that necessitates specialized medical knowledge, thereby compounding the difficulty. Imposing the burden of proof on workers in occupational disease litigation could lead to a lapse in worker protection. This paper critically explores methodologies to safeguard workers, focusing specifically on the burden of proof concerning causality in occupational diseases. This analysis aims to highlight the challenges workers face in establishing a connection between their work and disease, proposing potential legal and policy solutions to ensure more equitable and just outcomes in occupational disease claims.","['D006801', 'D009369', 'D009784', 'D016273', 'D009790']"
38917191,"Frequency of breaks, amount of muscular rest, and sustained muscle activity related to neck pain in a pooled dataset.","Neck pain remains a persistent challenge in modern society and is frequently encountered across a wide range of occupations, particularly those involving repetitive and monotonous tasks. It might be expected that patterns of trapezius muscle activity at work, characterized by few breaks and prolonged periods of sustained muscle activity, are linked to neck pain. However, previous cross-sectional studies have generally failed to establish a definitive association. While some longitudinal studies have suggested that extended periods of heightened muscle activity could be a risk factor for neck pain, these findings often relied on limited participant numbers or specific professional groups. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between trapezius muscle activity and neck pain by pooling data from seven Scandinavian research institutes encompassing a diverse range of occupational backgrounds.","['D006801', 'D019547', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D004576', 'D000328', 'D064171', 'D003430', 'D008875', 'D012146', 'D009784', 'D011795', 'D008137']"
38917121,Novel characterization of endogenous transient receptor potential melastatin 3 ion channels from Gulf War Illness participants.,"Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic condition characterized by multisystem symptoms that still affect up to one-third of veterans who engaged in combat in the Gulf War three decades ago. The aetiology of GWI is mainly explained by exposure to multiple toxic agents, vaccines, and medications. As there is a significant overlap in symptoms between GWI and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS), the objective of this study was to investigate a biomarker widely reported in Natural Killer (NK) cells from ME/CFS patients, the Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 (TRPM3) ion channel. NK cells from 6 healthy controls (HC) and 6 GWI participants were isolated, and TRPM3 function was assessed through whole-cell patch-clamp. As demonstrated by prior studies, NK cells from HC expressed typical TRPM3 function after pharmacomodulation. In contrast, this pilot investigation demonstrates a dysfunctional TRPM3 in NK cells from GWI participants through application of a TRPM3 agonist and confirmed by a TRPM3 antagonist. There was a significant reduction in TRPM3 function from GWI than results measured in HC. This study provides an unprecedented research field to investigate the involvement of TRP ion channels in the pathomechanism and potential medical interventions to improve GWI quality of life.","['D006801', 'D050053', 'D018923', 'D007694', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D016022', 'D018408']"
38917109,Cross-sectional study on the health of workers exposed to occupational noise in China.,"This study aimed to understand the health of workers exposed to occupational noise and explore the influencing factors related to workers' health, especially the impact of noise on workers' hearing. This work can provide a basis for formulating relevant measures for occupational noise prevention and control in the future.","['D006801', 'D009623', 'D008297', 'D002681', 'D005260', 'D003430', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D016273', 'D015995', 'D006317', 'D001794', 'D009784', 'D004562', 'D001301', 'D055815']"
38916948,Wearable Technologies for Detecting Burnout and Well-Being in Health Care Professionals: Scoping Review.,"The occupational burnout epidemic is a growing issue, and in the United States, up to 60% of medical students, residents, physicians, and registered nurses experience symptoms. Wearable technologies may provide an opportunity to predict the onset of burnout and other forms of distress using physiological markers.","['D006801', 'D000076251', 'D002055', 'D006282']"
38915172,Circadian Disruption in Civilian Airline Pilots.,"INTRODUCTION: Most airline pilots reported having suffered from sleep disorders and fatigue due to circadian disruption, a potential risk to flight safety. This study attempted to uncover the actual scenario of circadian disruption and working load status among airline pilots.METHODS: In study 1, 21 pilots were invited to participate in a 14-d sleep monitoring and a dual 2-back test to monitor their sleep patterns and cognitive function level. To provide an in-depth view, data from scheduled flights, including 567 airline pilots, was analyzed in Study 2. The present study used cluster analysis to reflect the distribution of the flight scheduling characteristics, including working time and actual working hours. A simulation model was then developed to predict the pilots' 1-mo sleep-wake pattern.RESULTS: The results indicated that sleep problems were prevalent in this population, especially the night before an earlier morning shift. Regarding the cognitive test, they scored the lowest on earlier morning shifts compared with daytime and evening shifts. It was found that over 70% of the flight schedules can lead to circadian disruption, and 47.44% of the pilots worked under high-load status.DISCUSSION: Airline pilots inevitably work irregular hours and the current policies for coping with circadian disruption seem inefficient. This study thus calls for urgency in improving scheduling and fatigue management systems from the circadian rhythm perspective.Yang SX, Cheng S, Sun Y, Tang X, Huang Z. Circadian disruption in civilian airline pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(7):381-389.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D000070356', 'D014940', 'D000337', 'D002940', 'D005221', 'D020178', 'D008875', 'D012890', 'D003071', 'D012893']"
38914969,"Exploring the relationship between psychosocial factors, work engagement, and mental health: a structural equation modeling analysis among faculty in Saudi Arabia.","Psychosocial hazards in the workplace were identified as a considerable risk to employee mental health as well as their general well-being. Few studies were found to examine its relationship with work engagement and mental health. Thus, this study examines the relationships between psychosocial factors, work engagement, and mental health within the faculty in Saudi Arabia using structural equation modeling.","['D006801', 'D012529', 'D003430', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008603', 'D000074824', 'D000077272', 'D005178', 'D011795', 'D008875', 'D002055']"
38914531,"Pneumoconiosis among artisanal miners in Chunya district, Mbeya, Tanzania.","This case series sheds light on the pulmonary diseases afflicting artisanal gold miners in Chunya district, Mbeya, Tanzania. We present 3 cases from a group of 21 miners. The patients, ranging in age and mining exposure, exhibited symptoms of severe pulmonary conditions, including pneumoconiosis, pulmonary hypertension and Cor pulmonale, attributed to prolonged exposure to dust and inadequate protective measures in mining environments. These cases underscore the urgent need for enhanced occupational health standards and preventive strategies in artisanal mining communities.","['D006801', 'D013636', 'D008297', 'D011009', 'D008906', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D016273', 'D000067572', 'D006976']"
38913705,Job demands-resources theory: Frequently asked questions.,"Job demands-resources (JD-R) theory is commonly used to predict employee well-being, work behaviors, and performance. This article provides a short description of JD-R theory and discusses issues and questions that have been raised regarding the theory. These issues include the differences between conservation of resources theory and JD-R theory, whether a job resource can be a job demand, the impact of job resources on strain and health, the role of hindrance and challenge job demands in JD-R theory, the relationship between job demands and resources, and the likelihood of work engagement being a redundant concept. We also discuss whether JD-R theory can be falsified, the role of personality in the theory, within- and between-person effects in JD-R theory, the question whether there is a standard JD-R questionnaire, and the existence of loss and gain spirals. Finally, we discuss the use of JD-R theory in domains other than work and answer the question whether JD-R theory is universally applicable. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","['D006801', 'D007588', 'D011582', 'D011795', 'D016526', 'D010551', 'D000073397', 'D017132', 'D000066477', 'D000074824']"
38913703,The chains of the past: A life course perspective on childhood adversity and organizational attitudes and behaviors.,"Childhood adversity stains the past of millions of working adults worldwide. The impact on health and well-being is substantial-a now-acknowledged public health crisis. Yet, research in the organizational sciences has failed to recognize the burden that individuals with this difficult history carry with them into the workforce. By synthesizing an interdisciplinary body of scholarship into a cohesive theoretical framework, we provide a foundation for emerging work in occupational health psychology. Empirically, across two single-level multiwave studies, we demonstrate the importance of adversity in one's childhood and its impact on the workplace specifically showing that child adversity, directly and indirectly, impacts worker attitudes and discretionary behaviors. Further, providing one of the few examinations of stress proliferation theory in the workplace, we demonstrate adulthood adversity as an essential mediating mechanism that leads to these work outcomes. From an applied perspective, our results highlight a need to focus on the healing and recovery of adult survivors as they work toward breaking the chains of the past in their lives and at work. In presenting this life course perspective on organizational attitudes and behaviors, our work offers a unique and vital contribution to occupational health theory, practice, and research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","['D006801', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D001290', 'D017132', 'D008875', 'D015279', 'D002648', 'D000076783', 'D013315', 'D000073397']"
38913665,"Feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a positive emotion regulation intervention to promote resilience for healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A randomized controlled trial.","Burnout poses a substantial, ongoing threat to healthcare worker (HCW) wellbeing and to the delivery of safe, quality healthcare. While systemic and organization-level changes in healthcare are critically important, HCWs also need individual-level skills to promote resilience. The objective of this trial is to test feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of PARK, an online self-guided positive affect regulation intervention, in a sample of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D006282', 'D055500', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D002055', 'D058873', 'D000080103', 'D005240', 'D000223', 'D000086402', 'D001007', 'D003863']"
38909182,Differences in the depression and burnout networks between doctors and nurses: evidence from a network analysis.,"Previous studies have demonstrated a strong association between depression and job burnout among healthcare professionals, but the results have been inconsistent, and there is a lack of in-depth exploration of such a relationship among different healthcare professions. The present study aims to investigate the interrelationships between depression and burnout among Chinese healthcare professionals and whether there are differences in the networks of these symptoms between doctors and nurses.","['D006801', 'D002055', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D003863', 'D010820', 'D002681', 'D008875', 'D009726', 'D011795']"
38907199,"The initial validation of an Evidence-informed, competency-based, Applied Compassion Training (EnACT) program: a multimethod study.","Compassion is positively associated with improved patient outcomes, quality care ratings, and healthcare provider wellbeing. Supporting and cultivating healthcare providers' compassion through robust and meaningful educational initiatives has been impeded by a lack of conceptual clarity, inadequate content coverage across the domains of compassion, and the lack of validated evaluation tools. The EnACT program aims to address these gaps through an Evidence-informed, competency-based, Applied, Compassion Training program delivered to healthcare providers working in various clinical settings. In this study, we describe the development and initial validation of the program, which will inform and be further evaluated in a forthcoming Randomised Controlled feasibility Trial (RCfT).","['D006801', 'D004645', 'D006282', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D003162', 'D002983', 'D000328', 'D015397', 'D002055', 'D003479']"
38905631,Development of an Artificial Intelligence-Based Tailored Mobile Intervention for Nurse Burnout: Single-Arm Trial.,"Nurse burnout leads to an increase in turnover, which is a serious problem in the health care system. Although there is ample evidence of nurse burnout, interventions developed in previous studies were general and did not consider specific burnout dimensions and individual characteristics.","['D006801', 'D002055', 'D001185', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D063731', 'D009726', 'D000223']"
38905434,Potential of digital chest radiography-based deep learning in screening and diagnosing pneumoconiosis: An observational study.,"The diagnosis of pneumoconiosis is complex and subjective, leading to inevitable variability in readings. This is especially true for inexperienced doctors. To improve accuracy, a computer-assisted diagnosis system is used for more effective pneumoconiosis diagnoses. Three models (Resnet50, Resnet101, and DenseNet) were used for pneumoconiosis classification based on 1250 chest X-ray images. Three experienced and highly qualified physicians read the collected digital radiography images and classified them from category 0 to category III in a double-blinded manner. The results of the 3 physicians in agreement were considered the relative gold standards. Subsequently, 3 models were used to train and test these images and their performance was evaluated using multi-class classification metrics. We used kappa values and accuracy to evaluate the consistency and reliability of the optimal model with clinical typing. The results showed that ResNet101 was the optimal model among the 3 convolutional neural networks. The AUC of ResNet101 was 1.0, 0.9, 0.89, and 0.94 for detecting pneumoconiosis categories 0, I, II, and III, respectively. The micro-average and macro-average mean AUC values were 0.93 and 0.94, respectively. The accuracy and Kappa values of ResNet101 were 0.72 and 0.7111 for quadruple classification and 0.98 and 0.955 for dichotomous classification, respectively, compared with the relative standard classification of the clinic. This study develops a deep learning based model for screening and staging of pneumoconiosis is using chest radiographs. The ResNet101 model performed relatively better in classifying pneumoconiosis than radiologists. The dichotomous classification displayed outstanding performance, thereby indicating the feasibility of deep learning techniques in pneumoconiosis screening.","['D006801', 'D011009', 'D000077321', 'D013902', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D015203', 'D005260', 'D003936', 'D000368', 'D016571']"
38904808,Effect of Noise in the Emergency Department on Occupational Burnout and Resignation Intention of Medical Staff.,This study aims to explore the effect of noise in the emergency department on the occupational burnout and the resignation intentions of medical staff.,"['D006801', 'D004636', 'D002055', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D012189', 'D033182', 'D009623', 'D011795', 'D008505', 'D008875', 'D016273']"
38904132,Central nervous system tumours and occupational ionising radiation exposure: a nested case-control study among the ORICAMs cohort of healthcare workers in France.,This study aimed at investigating the relationship between occupational exposure to external ionising radiation and central nervous system (CNS) tumours mortality in healthcare workers working in France.,"['D006801', 'D016273', 'D016022', 'D005602', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D006282', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D016543', 'D011839', 'D009381', 'D009784', 'D004307', 'D016015', 'D012307', 'D000069079']"
38902795,Mindfulness-based interventions for improving mental health of frontline healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review.,"Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) appear to be effective for improving the mental health of healthcare professionals (HCPs). However, the effectiveness of MBIs on extreme psychological trauma caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is largely unknown. The aim of this paper was to systematically review empirical studies of MBIs for HCPs carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic, to evaluate them and their effectiveness in different areas of mental health.","['D006801', 'D064866', 'D000086382', 'D006282', 'D008603', 'D000086402', 'D002055', 'D058873']"
38902101,"Team climate, job satsfaction and burnout: results from a national survey of staff in general practice in England.","Measures are needed to address recruitment and retention problems in general practice. A good team climate (relational processes of team working) can mitigate the effects of pressured work environments, but little is known about it in British general practice.","['D006801', 'D002055', 'D007588', 'D004739', 'D058006', 'D008297', 'D011795', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D010348', 'D017132', 'D015279', 'D001291', 'D010563']"
38901073,"Mixed shift rotations, sleep, burnout and well-being in professions similar to radiographers: A systematic review.","Delivering 24 h healthcare requires rotational shift work from doctors and the medical imaging team, while contributing to safe and timely care of patients. Additional service pressure and staff shortfall leads to workload pressures, adjusted shift patterns and risk of burnout. Evidence should be sought to the effects of this work on staff.","['D006801', 'D002055', 'D016526', 'D000073577', 'D012890', 'D014940']"
38900461,Understanding the Dental Profession's Stress Burden: Prevalence and Implications.,"Stress among dental practitioners is highly prevalent and is an issue that demands attention. Dental practice has been linked to mental, physical, chemical, and biological hazards that often foster high stress levels, anxiety, depression, burnout, and potential suicidal ideation. This can lead to unhealthy coping mechanisms and low quality of life, increasing the risk of chronic disease, mental issues, and lower patient care quality. This article summarizes data on stress in dentistry, highlighting its high prevalence and deleterious consequences. Five primary stress dimensions in general dental practice contribute to stress and burnout: productivity, patient-derived issues, regulations, fear of litigation, and work-related aspects. Reducing stress can decrease the risk of chronic conditions and mental health issues and potentially increase dental professionals' health span and career longevity.","['D006801', 'D002055', 'D015995', 'D003815', 'D000073397', 'D013315', 'D011788']"
38898894,The impact of yoga on occupational stress and wellbeing: exploring practitioners' experiences.,Workplace stress is a serious problem globally. It represents a major threat to the UN's sustainability goal of good health and wellbeing (SDG 3). The purpose of this article is to explore how yoga may be a tool for increased wellbeing and stress management at work and in everyday life.,"['D006801', 'D015013', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D000073397', 'D036301', 'D000223', 'D055815', 'D007407', 'D017132']"
38898488,"Longitudinal associations of depression, anxiety, and stress among healthcare workers assisting patients with end-stage cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: the moderator role of emotional exhaustion.","This study aimed to analyze the moderating role of emotional exhaustion in the relationships between longitudinal associations of depression, anxiety, and stress among healthcare workers assisting end-of-life cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D006282', 'D000328', 'D003863', 'D008137', 'D001007', 'D008875', 'D009369', 'D002055', 'D013315', 'D000086402', 'D000097815']"
38898452,"Social support, psychological capital, multidimensional job burnout, and turnover intention of primary medical staff: a path analysis drawing on conservation of resources theory.","Job burnout is a prevalent and emerging challenge in the primary medical system, causing mass turnover, especially of primary medical staff. Little attention has been paid to the different dimensions of job burnout (emotional exhaustion, personality disintegration, and reduced sense of achievement), which may hinder efforts to tackle high turnover intention among primary medical staff. From the perspective of conservation of resources theory, social support and psychological capital are basic resources with potential to diminish job burnout and thus lower turnover intention. However, there is insufficient research evidence on the relationships between social support, psychological capital, and the three dimensions of job burnout within the primary medical system.","['D002055', 'D010563', 'D012944', 'D008503', 'D002681', 'D011795', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D055815', 'D000328', 'D008875']"
38897697,"Informal Peer Support and Intentional Acts of Kindness May Attenuate the Impact of Work-Related Stressors on Compassion Satisfaction, Secondary Traumatic Stress, and Burnout of Emergency Medical Services Clinicians.","Emergency medical services (EMS) Code Lavender was developed to support EMS clinicians after stressful events via consistent recognition of events, informal peer support, and intentional acts of kindness. This study evaluated changes in burnout screening tool responses of EMS clinicians in response to program implementation and the coincidental start of coronavirus disease 2019.","['D006801', 'D002055', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D004634', 'D004645', 'D000086382', 'D011795', 'D010379', 'D008875', 'D004632', 'D007588', 'D000073397', 'D000068376']"
38896630,"Vocal risk mapping in classical singers: an analysis of the self-perception of voice quality, vocal fatigue, and singing voice handicap.","To map the vocal risk in professional classical singers, analyzing their self-assessment of voice and self-perception of singing voice handicap and vocal fatigue.","['D006801', 'D014833', 'D063346', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D014832', 'D008297', 'D012649', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D011795', 'D009784', 'D012647', 'D004185']"
38896037,[Is occupational allergic contact dermatitis within the armed forces an unrecognized problem?].,"In the armed forces, marching still remains a major component in the training of the young recruits. In the following we describe a young recruit who, following instructions, prophylactically used adhesives to prevent chafing. The recruit developed an allergic contact dermatitis with generalized spreading. The adhesive products recommended are sold on a global market and are extensively used.  Allergic contact dermatitis from these products have so far only been reported from Sweden. Unfortunately, even though the first cases were reported some years ago, new cases are still diagnosed. When medical devices are recommended to be used on the skin for a prolonged time and under extreme conditions, sensitization and a subsequent allergic contact dermatitis must be considered.","['D006801', 'D017449', 'D009783', 'D008889', 'D008297', 'D000269', 'D010328', 'D055815']"
38894982,The mechanisms linking perceived stress to pilots' safety attitudes: a chain mediation effect of job burnout and cognitive flexibility.,"Pilots' safety attitude is crucial for aviation safety. Current research shows a correlation between perceived stress and safety attitude, yet the mechanism underlying this association remains unclear. Against the backdrop of heightened attention to pilots' stress, this study aims to thoroughly explore the inherent connection between pilot safety attitudes and their perceived stress, offering targeted insights into preventing and addressing safety attitude issues arising from pilot stress.","['D006801', 'D002055', 'D000070356', 'D008297', 'D002681', 'D000328', 'D011795', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D003071', 'D012449', 'D001290', 'D013315', 'D001359']"
38894211,A Novel IMU-Based System for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Risk Assessment.,"This study introduces a novel wearable Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)-based system for an objective and comprehensive assessment of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs), thus enhancing workplace safety. The system integrates wearable technology with a user-friendly interface, providing magnetometer-free orientation estimation, joint angle measurements, and WMSDs risk evaluation. Tested in a cable manufacturing facility, the system was evaluated with ten female employees. The evaluation involved work cycle identification, inter-subject comparisons, and benchmarking against standard WMSD risk assessments like RULA, REBA, Strain Index, and Rodgers Muscle Fatigue Analysis. The evaluation demonstrated uniform joint patterns across participants (ICC=0.72±0.23) and revealed a higher occurrence of postures warranting further investigation, which is not easily detected by traditional methods such as RULA. The experimental results showed that the proposed system's risk assessments closely aligned with the established methods and enabled detailed and targeted risk assessments, pinpointing specific bodily areas for immediate ergonomic interventions. This approach not only enhances the detection of ergonomic risks but also supports the development of personalized intervention strategies, addressing common workplace issues such as tendinitis, low back pain, and carpal tunnel syndrome. The outcomes highlight the system's sensitivity and specificity in identifying ergonomic hazards. Future efforts should focus on broader validation and exploring the relative influence of various WMSDs risk factors to refine risk assessment and intervention strategies for improved applicability in occupational health.","['D006801', 'D009140', 'D005260', 'D018570', 'D000076251', 'D000328', 'D009784', 'D006804', 'D011187', 'D017132']"
38892281,A Double-Humanized Mouse Model for Studying Host Gut Microbiome-Immune Interactions in Gulf War Illness.,"Unraveling the multisymptomatic Gulf War Illness (GWI) pathology and finding an effective cure have eluded researchers for decades. The chronic symptom persistence and limitations for studying the etiologies in mouse models that differ significantly from those in humans pose challenges for drug discovery and finding effective therapeutic regimens. The GWI exposome differs significantly in the study cohorts, and the above makes it difficult to recreate a model closely resembling the GWI symptom pathology. We have used a double engraftment strategy for reconstituting a human immune system coupled with human microbiome transfer to create a humanized-mouse model for GWI. Using whole-genome shotgun sequencing and blood immune cytokine enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we show that our double humanized mice treated with Gulf War (GW) chemicals show significantly altered gut microbiomes, similar to those reported in a Veteran cohort of GWI. The results also showed similar cytokine profiles, such as increased levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF R-1, in the double humanized model, as found previously in a human cohort. Further, a novel GWI Veteran fecal microbiota transfer was used to create a second alternative model that closely resembled the microbiome and immune-system-associated pathology of a GWI Veteran. A GWI Veteran microbiota transplant in humanized mice showed a human microbiome reconstitution and a systemic inflammatory pathology, as reflected by increases in interleukins 1β, 6, 8 (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8), tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNF R-1), and endotoxemia. In conclusion, though preliminary, we report a novel in vivo model with a human microbiome reconstitution and an engrafted human immune phenotype that may help to better understand gut-immune interactions in GWI.","['D000818', 'D000069196', 'D018923', 'D006801', 'D051379', 'D004195', 'D016207', 'D000069467']"
38891910,Analysis of Immune Cell Subsets in Peripheral Blood from Patients with Engineered Stone Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation.,"Silicosis caused by engineered stone (ES-silicosis) is an emerging worldwide issue characterized by inflammation and fibrosis in the lungs. To our knowledge, only a few reports have investigated leukocyte/lymphocyte subsets in ES-silicosis patients. The present study was designed to explore the proportions of the main lymphocyte subsets in ES-silicosis patients stratified into two groups, one with simple silicosis (SS) and the other with a more advanced state of the disease, defined as progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). The proportions of B (memory and plasmablasts) cells, T (helper, cytotoxic, regulatory) cells, and natural killer (NK) (regulatory and cytotoxic) cells were investigated by multiparameter flow cytometry in 91 ES-silicosis patients (53 SS patients and 38 PMF patients) and 22 healthy controls (HC). Although the total number of leukocytes did not differ between the groups studied, lymphopenia was observed in patients compared to healthy controls. Compared with those in healthy controls, the proportions of memory B cells, naïve helper T cells, and the CD4+/CD8+ T cells' ratio in the peripheral blood of patients with silicosis were significantly decreased, while the percentages of plasma cells, memory helper T cells, and regulatory T cells were significantly increased. For the NK cell subsets, no significant differences were found between the groups studied. These results revealed altered cellular immune processes in the peripheral blood of patients with ES-silicosis and provided further insight into silicosis pathogenesis.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D012829', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D012822', 'D000328', 'D007694', 'D016131', 'D011014', 'D000368', 'D016022']"
38890733,New insights into physician burnout and turnover intent: a validated measure of physician fortitude.,"Given the increasing prevalence of the physician burnout, this study provides new insights into the antecedents driving burnout and turnover intent. By introducing the concept of physician fortitude, we develop a valid and statistically-reliable measure that increases our understanding of these issues.","['D006801', 'D002055', 'D010563', 'D010820', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D015203', 'D011795', 'D008875', 'D007588', 'D005163', 'D011594', 'D033182']"
38890592,The impact of telecom industry employees' stress perception on job burnout: moderated mediation model.,"The rapid development of the telecommunications industry in the post-COVID-19 era has brought tremendous pressure to employees making them a high-risk group for job burnout. However, prior research paid less attention to the burnout of employees. Furthermore, social support and gender have separate effects on job burnout. This study explores the mechanism of stress perception on job burnout and examines the roles of social support and gender amid it.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002055', 'D003430', 'D000328', 'D002681', 'D012944', 'D008875', 'D013685', 'D011795', 'D012737', 'D000081983', 'D000073397', 'D000086382']"
38890588,"Prevalence of low back pain and associated factors among bank workers at Hawassa city, Northern Zone, Sidama Region, Southern Ethiopia.","Lower back pain (LBP) is a public health threat that affects people who frequently experience sedentary working conditions. Few studies reported on low back pain among bank workers in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the magnitude and associated factors of low back pain among bank workers in Hawassa City, Sidama Region, Ethiopia.","['D006801', 'D005002', 'D017116', 'D008297', 'D003430', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D015995', 'D009784', 'D008875', 'D012307', 'D055815', 'D011795', 'D000293']"
38890140,Risk of hand and forearm conditions due to vibrating hand-held tools exposure: a retrospective cohort study from Sweden.,"The occurrence of hand and forearm disorders related to vibration exposure, adjusted for relevant background factors, is scarcely reported. We analysed the prevalence of such conditions in a large population cohort, stratified by sex, and associations with exposure to vibrating hand-held tools.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D013548', 'D008875', 'D014732', 'D002349', 'D000368', 'D016273', 'D009784', 'D052582', 'D004387', 'D006225', 'D015995', 'D012307', 'D017769', 'D000328', 'D016016']"
38889477,Work-related back pain among diagnostic radiographers in Ghana: A qualitative study.,"Work-related back pain has a major impact on diagnostic radiographers' clinical task performance in terms of sickness absenteeism, disability and loss of productivity due to presenteeism. However, there is limited information about the burden of work-related back pain among diagnostic radiographers in Ghana. The aim was to explore diagnostic radiographers' experiences of work-related back pain in Ghana.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D005869', 'D000328', 'D036301', 'D001416', 'D009784', 'D012307', 'D007407', 'D006804']"
38888569,The joint impact of burnout and neurotic personality on career satisfaction and intention to leave among health workers during the first 2 years of COVID-19.,"The purpose of the study is to examine the psychological impact of COVID-19 on health workers' career satisfaction and intention to leave the health profession, with neurotic personality type as a moderator.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D007588', 'D000328', 'D002055', 'D005869', 'D006282', 'D033182', 'D000086402', 'D011795', 'D010551', 'D010563', 'D003430', 'D008875', 'D006779']"
38887256,Validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Digital Burnout Scale.,To investigate the factor structure and verify the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Digital Burnout Scale (DBS) among Generation Z university students.,"['D006801', 'D056910', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D015203', 'D011795', 'D011594', 'D013334', 'D055815', 'D014495', 'D000328', 'D002055', 'D005163', 'D000077062']"
38886711,Web-based occupational stress prevention in German micro- and small-sized enterprises - process evaluation results of an implementation study.,"Structural and behavioral interventions to manage work-related stress are effective in employees. Nonetheless, they have been implemented insufficiently, particularly in micro- and small-sized enterprises (MSE). Main barriers include a lack of knowledge and limited resources, which could potentially be overcome with simplified web-based alternatives for occupational stress prevention. However, there is a lack of implementation research about web-based prevention in realistic settings of MSE.","['D006801', 'D005858', 'D000073397', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D058012', 'D020407', 'D015397', 'D000079382', 'D036301']"
38885429,"Mindful self-care, coping, and meaning in life: An examination of the professional quality of life and well-being among individuals who support and provide services to refugees.","Researchers have begun to examine factors that contribute to professional quality of life (ProQol) and well-being among professionals who provide services to refugees. These professionals are at increased risk of burnout and secondary traumatic stress due to the demands of their work and exposure to clients who have significant trauma histories. This study seeks to examine factors such as mindful self-care (MSC), coping, and meaning in life and how they may impact ProQol and well-being.","['D006801', 'D012036', 'D000223', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D011788', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D012648', 'D064866', 'D006282', 'D002055', 'D055815', 'D014481', 'D011795']"
38885428,Efficacy of a brief psychological intervention to reduce distress in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A randomized controlled trial.,The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a sharp increase in mental health problems among healthcare workers (HCWs). Accessible interventions for HCWs are needed to reduce distress during the pandemic.,"['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D006282', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D016037', 'D000079225', 'D008875', 'D013557', 'D011614', 'D000083626', 'D049269', 'D016896', 'D000073397']"
38885153,An exploration of the emotional impact of working in an adult hospice service for Irish healthcare professionals.,"An ageing population and a global pandemic has placed greater demands on palliative care services. Numerous studies describe the patient experience in palliative care, however, few explore the healthcare professional's experience of caring in this setting. This study explored the emotional challenges faced by palliative care professionals working in adult hospice services in Ireland.","['D006801', 'D007494', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D006282', 'D002055', 'D004644', 'D006738', 'D008875', 'D036301', 'D017051', 'D010166', 'D001291', 'D007407']"
38885014,Differences in Physicians' Ratings of Work Stressors and Resources Associated With Digital Transformation: Cross-Sectional Study.,"The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic rapidly accelerated the need and implementation of digital innovations, especially in medicine.","['D006801', 'D003430', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D010820', 'D000086382', 'D000073397', 'D008875', 'D005858', 'D011795', 'D000086402', 'D006854', 'D017132', 'D006197', 'D013315', 'D058873', 'D016526']"
38884455,Subjective Well-Being and Burnout Among the Maternal and Child Health Workforce.,"This study investigates burnout and subjective well-being among the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) workforce, considering recent events such as the Dobbs decision, the maternal mortality crisis, and the COVID-19 pandemic.","['D006801', 'D002055', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D003430', 'D008297', 'D014481', 'D008875', 'D006282', 'D000086382', 'D011795', 'D007588', 'D000086402']"
38884290,[ISOLATED FOURTH EXTENSOR COMPARTMENT TENOSYNOVITIS DUE TO EPIDEMIC RELATED CHANGES IN THE WORKPLACE].,We report on cases of isolated fourth extensor compartment tenosynovitis without evidence of systemic inflammation that occurred in the context of alteration in the work environment due to the COVID-19 epidemic. Early identification of the deleterious effects of virtual/technologically-dependent work from home can aid in treatment and prevention of these conditions. We describe the phenomenon and suggest a treatment approach.,"['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D013717', 'D008297', 'D017132', 'D000328', 'D009784', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000085326']"
38882559,Psychological Safety as an Enduring Resource Amid Constraints.,"While psychological safety is recognized as valuable in healthcare, its relationship to resource constraints is not well understood. We investigate whether psychological safety mitigates the negative impact of resource constraints on employees.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D002055', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008137', 'D006282', 'D000328', 'D000086402', 'D008875', 'D010563', 'D011795', 'D055500', 'D000095422']"
38879880,"Workforce nurturing: an approach to improving wellbeing, burnout and professional fulfilment among Australian doctors.","To assess the workplace drivers of professional fulfilment, burnout and perceived impact of workplace issues on wellbeing in doctors working in a regional Australian hospital, following a 6-month period of comprehensive workforce nurturing strategies.","['D006801', 'D002055', 'D003430', 'D001315', 'D010820', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D007588', 'D017132', 'D000328', 'D011795', 'D008875']"
38879714,Mixed methods study on latent tuberculosis among agate stone workers and advocacy for testing silica dust exposed individuals in India.,"The 2021 tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment guidelines in India included silicosis as a screening group, yet latent TB infection (LTBI) testing for silica-dust-exposed individuals is underemphasized. Focusing on an estimated 52 million silica-dust-exposed workers, particularly agate-stone workers in Khambhat, Gujarat, our study aims to estimate LTBI prevalence, identify predictors, and gather insights from TB and silicosis experts. Employing a sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach, a cross-sectional study involved 463 agate-stone workers aged ≥ 20 years in Khambhat, using IGRA kits for LTBI testing. In-depth interviews with experts complemented quantitative findings. Among agate-stone workers, 58% tested positive for LTBI, with predictors including longer exposure, type of work, and BCG vaccination. Our findings reveal a nearly double burden of LTBI compared to the general population, particularly in occupations with higher silica dust exposure. Experts advocate for including silica-dust-exposed individuals in high-risk groups for LTBI testing, exploring cost-effective alternatives like improved skin sensitivity tests, and shorter TB preventive treatment regimens to enhance compliance. Future research should explore upfront TB preventive treatment for silica-dust-exposed individuals with high LTBI prevalence and optimal exposure duration. This study underscores the urgent need for policy changes and innovative approaches to TB prevention among silica-dust-exposed populations, impacting global occupational health strategies.","['D006801', 'D007194', 'D012822', 'D008297', 'D055985', 'D004391', 'D000328', 'D016273', 'D003430', 'D012829', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D015995']"
38877544,Associations of clinical context-specific ambiguity tolerance with burnout and work engagement among Japanese physicians: a nationwide cross-sectional study.,"Ambiguity tolerance specific to the clinical context - in contrast to ambiguity tolerance as a personality trait - may vary with experience and has received considerable attention. Although this tolerance appears to be related to burnout and work engagement, few studies have examined this association among physicians. Thus, we aimed to examine the relationships between clinical context-specific ambiguity tolerance, burnout, and work engagement among physicians in Japan.","['D006801', 'D003430', 'D002055', 'D007564', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000074824', 'D000328', 'D011795', 'D010820', 'D008875', 'D007396', 'D000095225']"
38877465,Trigonelline hydrochloride attenuates silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis by orchestrating fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation.,"Silicosis represents a paramount occupational health hazard globally, with its incidence, morbidity, and mortality on an upward trajectory, posing substantial clinical dilemmas due to limited effective treatment options available. Trigonelline (Trig), a plant alkaloid extracted mainly from coffee and fenugreek, have diverse biological properties such as protecting dermal fibroblasts against ultraviolet radiation and has the potential to inhibit collagen synthesis. However, it's unclear whether Trig inhibits fibroblast activation to attenuate silicosis-induced pulmonary fibrosis is unclear.","['D000818', 'D011658', 'D000470', 'D012822', 'D051379', 'D005347', 'D058628', 'D002454', 'D008810', 'D012829', 'D008297']"
38876661,Assessment of work-related stress utilizing the Find My Stress mobile application among university students and adult workers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.,"This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate work-related stress and the efficacy associated with the newly developed Find My Stress mobile application. The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced the quality of life, transcending geographical boundaries and inducing stress that has detrimentally affected health and work efficiency.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000086382', 'D005260', 'D003430', 'D000328', 'D013334', 'D014495', 'D055815', 'D000073397', 'D009140', 'D063731', 'D000086402', 'D058873', 'D011187', 'D011788']"
38876652,"Odds ratio of occurrence of pain, postural changes, and disabilities of violinists.","The objective of this study is to evaluate the odds ratio of occurrence of pain, postural changes, and disabilities of violinists. Thirty-eight violinists were assessed. Photographs from anterior, posterior, and lateral views were taken and analyzed using Software of Postural Analysis. Pain was assessed by the Visual Analogue Pain Scale and the musculoskeletal disability of the arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire (DASH). A logistic regression model was employed and all variables related to posture, age, gender, hours of practice, and duration of practice were considered. The results regarding the VAS and DASH were analyzed using multivariate techniques. The most important variables for the discrimination between the groups regarding the VAS scores were head and shoulder and thoracic kyphosis. For the DASH index, the key variables were the lateral spinal deviation and the head tilt. The odds ratio of occurrence pain was associated with the duration of the practice and the following postural variables: shoulder asymmetries, head postures, and lumbar lordosis. Scapular postures and thoracic kyphosis were associated with hours of practice, and the scapular postures with the duration of practice. This article provides new evidence of occurrence of pain, postural changes and disabilities in violinists. The odds ratio of occurrence pain was associated with the duration of the professional practice.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D011187', 'D008875', 'D009146', 'D016017', 'D010147', 'D055815', 'D007738', 'D009784', 'D010146', 'D004185']"
38875262,Whether academics' job performance makes a difference to burnout and the effect of psychological counselling-comparison of four types of performers.,"Treating burnout as an independent variable while performance is the dependent variable, earlier studies revealed that job burnout experienced by academics adversely affects how well they perform. Whether performance may contribute to the emergence of burnout is yet to be analyzed-it is an issue investigated in this paper. Readjusting the nature of the variables, this quantitative study adopted group regression and it discovered that the performance of academics instead regulates their burnout without making performance a consequence of burnout-a new dynamic that challenges the earlier assumption. Following this earlier belief, counselling strategy to boost the employees' psyche was deemed to be the main post-measurement tool to deal with the burnout crisis. With respect to both tenets (current and earlier), psychological counselling was treated as a moderating variable to check whether it is important enough in removing the burnout felt by employees so that they subsequently could function better. It is further discovered that although psychological counselling removes employees' burnout to some extent, it failed to transform them into better-functioning people. This study suggests a pre-measurement counselling strategy will ensure academics are competently engaged since ensuring competency is a fundamental aspect of eliminating a job burnout crisis. The sustained competency of employees will eventually prevent burnout and may halt the transmission of a burnout crisis at large-it adds to this study's theoretical contribution to the topic.","['D006801', 'D002055', 'D003376', 'D005260', 'D000066477', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D007588']"
38874920,Learning Mindsets and Well-Being and Ill-Being Among Osteopathic Medical Students.,"Given the high rates of burnout and associated negative mental health outcomes (eg, depression, suicidal ideation, substance abuse) among medical students and physicians, it is imperative to identify strategies for supporting the future health workforce, particularly when considering trends indicating a future shortage of physicians. Understanding the associations of medical school students' learning mindsets (eg, growth mindset, purpose and relevance, and sense of belonging) with indicators of well-being (eg, flourishing) and ill-being (eg, burnout) could provide a foundation for future research to consider when attempting to combat the negative mental health trends among medical students and physicians.","['D006801', 'D013337', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D002055', 'D000328', 'D010021', 'D055815', 'D014481', 'D011795', 'D007858', 'D008603']"
38874546,"The ""sweet- and sour-spot"" of occupational physical activity for back pain: a prospective accelerometer study among eldercare workers.","Both high and low levels of occupational physical activity are associated with back pain. Thus, there might be a ""sweet- and sour-spot"" of occupational physical activity for back pain. Our aim was to investigate if there exists an occupational physical activity ""sweet- (lowest risk) and sour-spot"" (highest risk) for back pain.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D015444', 'D011446', 'D061725', 'D008875', 'D003718', 'D001416', 'D009735', 'D000328', 'D009784']"
38872223,Effect of COVID-19 response work experience on turnover intention among employees of dedicated COVID-19 hospitals in Seoul.,"According to previous studies, stress and job burnout among medical personnel increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study analyzed the effect of the experience of COVID-19 response work on the intention of municipal hospital staffs to leave their workplaces during the pandemic.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D010563', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D033182', 'D000086402', 'D002055', 'D008875', 'D066106', 'D011795', 'D010564', 'D055815', 'D017132', 'D058873', 'D007588']"
38872154,Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among desludging operators in Uganda.,"Despite the limited evidence, desludging operators remain at a heightened risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). This study established the prevalence and predictors of WMSDs among desludging operators in Uganda.","['D006801', 'D014454', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D009140', 'D005260', 'D003430', 'D009784', 'D008875', 'D015995', 'D011795', 'D055815', 'D012307', 'D017770']"
38872020,"The joy of surgery: how surgeons experience joy, time, and support.","Burnout is a crisis in medicine, and especially in surgery it has serious implications not only for physician well-being but also for patient outcomes. This study builds on previous SAGES Reimagining the Practice of Surgery Task Force work to better understand how organizations might intervene to increase the ""joy in surgery.""","['D006801', 'D003430', 'D066231', 'D005260', 'D002055', 'D008297', 'D007588', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D016526', 'D011795', 'D006240', 'D001291']"
38871412,Teachers' stress and training in a school-based mindfulness program: Implementation results from a cluster randomized controlled trial.,"School-based mindfulness trainings (SBMT) are a contemporary approach for intervening to promote students' social and emotional skills and well-being. Despite evidence from the larger field of evidence-based social and emotional learning programs demonstrating the importance of high-quality implementation, few studies have investigated factors impacting the implementation of SBMTs, particularly teacher-level influences. The present study addressed this issue by investigating whether teachers' stress, trust in their fellow teachers and principal, and expectations about the program at baseline predicted the quality of their implementation of a SBMT for students. In addition, we examined whether teachers' stress at baseline moderated the effect of training condition on implementation quality. Implementation quality was assessed via observations and teacher self-reports. Results from a sample of British secondary (middle-high) school educators (N = 81) indicated that teachers who felt more supported by their principals at baseline were later observed to implement the SBMT with greater quality, whereas teachers who had more positive expectations about the program felt more confident teaching the course in the future. Teachers' baseline stress moderated the effect of training condition on all measures of implementation quality; among teachers experiencing high stress at baseline, more intensive training led to higher quality implementation. Implications for practitioners and prevention researchers are discussed.","['D006801', 'D064866', 'D000070777', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D013315', 'D008875', 'D000070260', 'D012574', 'D000073397']"
38870957,Drinker driver flyer diver.,"Blood alcohol concentrations above defined levels are detrimental to cognitive performance. Empirical and published evidence suggest that nitrogen narcosis is analogous to alcohol intoxication with both impairing prefrontal cortex function. Nitrogen narcosis is also known to have been a factor in fatal accidents. To examine the effects of nitrogen narcosis, a recent publication used the Iowa Gambling Task tool, to simulate dynamic real-life risky decision-making behaviour. If the reported outcomes are corroborated in larger rigorously designed studies it is likely to provide further evidence that divers may well experience the negative effects of a 'narcotic agent', even at relatively shallow depths. These deleterious effects may occur regardless of diving experience, aptitude or professional status. In 1872, English law made it an offence to be 'drunk' whilst in charge of horses, carriages, cattle and steam engines. Understanding the danger was easy, establishing who is 'drunk' in the eyes of the court required a legal definition. Driving above a 'legal limit' for alcohol was made illegal in the United Kingdom in 1967. The limit was set at 80 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood. It took just short of one hundred years to get from first introducing a restriction to specific activities, whilst under the influence of alcohol, to having a clear and well-defined enforceable law. The question surely is whether our modern society will tolerate another century before legally defining safe parameters for nitrogen narcosis?","['D006801', 'D004242', 'D007222', 'D000066448', 'D006113', 'D000435', 'D000067401']"
38870955,Shunt-mediated decompression sickness in a compressed air worker with an atrial septal defect.,We report a compressed air worker who had diffuse cutaneous decompression sickness with pain in his left shoulder and visual disturbance characteristic of migraine aura after only his third hyperbaric exposure. The maximum pressure was 253 kPa gauge with oxygen decompression using the Swanscombe Oxygen Decompression Table. He was found to have a very large right-to-left shunt across a 9 mm atrial septal defect. He had transcatheter closure of the defect but had some residual shunting with release of a Valsalva manoeuvre. Thirty-two other tunnel workers undertook the same pressure profile and activities in the same working conditions during the maintenance of a tunnel boring machine for a total of 233 similar exposures and were unaffected. As far as we are aware this is the first report of shunt-mediated decompression sickness in a hyperbaric tunnel worker in the United Kingdom and the second case reported worldwide. These cases suggest that shunt-mediated decompression sickness should be considered to be an occupational risk in modern compressed air working. A right-to-left shunt in a compressed air worker should be managed in accordance with established clinical guidance for divers.,"['D006801', 'D003665', 'D008297', 'D006344', 'D009784', 'D058868', 'D000328', 'D006931', 'D014636', 'D008875', 'D004242']"
38870397,The experiences of students with mental health difficulties at medical school: a qualitative interview study.,"High rates of burnout, anxiety, and depression in medical students are widespread, yet we have limited knowledge of the medical school experiences of students with mental health issues. The aim of the study is to understand the impact of mental health issues on students' experience and training at medical school by adopting a qualitative approach.","['D006801', 'D013337', 'D036301', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D012577', 'D008603', 'D007407', 'D006113', 'D057545', 'D055815', 'D001523', 'D003863', 'D000328', 'D000066505', 'D002055', 'D001007']"
38870169,Addressing the health human resources crisis: Strategies for retaining women health care professionals in organizations.,"Globally, healthcare systems are contending with a pronounced health human resource crisis marked by elevated rates of burnout, heightened job transitions, and an escalating demand for the limited supply of the existing health workforce. This crisis detrimentally affects the quality of patient care, contributing to long wait times, decreased patient satisfaction, and a heightened frequency of patient safety incidents and medical errors. In response to the heightened demand, healthcare organizations are proactively exploring solutions to retain their workforce. With women comprising over 70% of health human resources, this study seeks to gain insight into the unique experiences of women health professionals on the frontlines of healthcare and develop a conceptual framework aimed at facilitating organizations in effectively supporting the retention and advancement of women in healthcare frontline roles. We used grounded theory in this qualitative study. From January 2023 to May 2023, we conducted individual semi-structured interviews with 27 frontline HCWs working in Canada and representing diverse backgrounds. The data underwent thematic analysis, which involved identifying and comprehending recurring patterns across the information to elucidate emerging themes. Our analysis found that organizational, professional, and personal factors shape women's intentions to leave the frontline workforce. Reevaluating organizational strategies related to workforce, fostering a positive work culture, and building the capacity of management to create supportive work environment can collectively transform the work environment. By creating conditions that enable women to perform effectively and find satisfaction in their professional roles, organizations can enhance their ability to retain valuable talent.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D006282', 'D002170', 'D000328', 'D007588', 'D008875', 'D006280', 'D002055', 'D036301', 'D015279', 'D017132']"
38869113,[Role of the occupational medicine in the prevention of diseases and accidents].,"Occupational medicine is an essential branch of preventive medicine that aims to protect the health of workers in the workplace. Any work situation exposes the worker to occupational hazards. The three levels of prevention applied in occupational medicine make it possible, together, to control risks. Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of damage related to occupational risks, secondary prevention aims to early detect work-related health problems and in tertiary prevention, the objective is to limit the consequences of occupational risks or diseases already developed. It is not always possible to completely eliminate an occupational hazard. Regular medical examinations, at a frequency appropriate to the risks identified, meet this objective and therefore make it possible to detect work-related health problems or problems that could influence work. A proactive approach focused on prevention helps to reduce occupational risks, prevent work-related diseases, and to promote a healthy and safe work environment for all.","['D006801', 'D009787', 'D009784', 'D000062', 'D016272']"
38865904,Activation of Sirtuin3 by honokiol ameliorates alveolar epithelial cell senescence in experimental silicosis via the cGAS-STING pathway.,"Silicosis, characterized by interstitial lung inflammation and fibrosis, poses a significant health threat. ATII cells play a crucial role in alveolar epithelial repair and structural integrity maintenance. Inhibiting ATII cell senescence has shown promise in silicosis treatment. However, the mechanism behind silica-induced senescence remains elusive.","['D000818', 'D012829', 'D056566', 'D016922', 'D051379', 'D056809', 'D001713', 'D006801', 'D017705', 'D015398', 'D008297', 'D000072283', 'D009713', 'D004195', 'D008565', 'D008810', 'D004249', 'D000498', 'D010636']"
38953861,(The limits of) eye-tracking with iPads.,"Applications for eye-tracking-particularly in the clinic-are limited by a reliance on dedicated hardware. Here we compare eye-tracking implemented on an Apple iPad Pro 11"" (third generation)-using the device's infrared head-tracking and front-facing camera-with a Tobii 4c infrared eye-tracker. We estimated gaze location using both systems while 28 observers performed a variety of tasks. For estimating fixation, gaze position estimates from the iPad were less accurate and precise than the Tobii (mean absolute error of 3.2° ± 2.0° compared with 0.75° ± 0.43°), but fixation stability estimates were correlated across devices (r = 0.44, p < 0.05). For tasks eliciting saccades >1.5°, estimated saccade counts (r = 0.4-0.73, all p < 0.05) were moderately correlated across devices. For tasks eliciting saccades >8° we observed moderate correlations in estimated saccade speed and amplitude (r = 0.4-0.53, all p < 0.05). We did, however, note considerable variation in the vertical component of estimated smooth pursuit speed from the iPad and a catastrophic failure of tracking on the iPad in 5% to 20% of observers (depending on the test). Our findings sound a note of caution to researchers seeking to use iPads for eye-tracking and emphasize the need to properly examine their eye-tracking data to remove artifacts and outliers.","['D006801', 'D000084542', 'D005403', 'D012438', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D055815', 'D011698', 'D034201', 'D005133']"
38942766,Immersive scene representation in human visual cortex with ultra-wide-angle neuroimaging.,"While human vision spans 220°, traditional functional MRI setups display images only up to central 10-15°. Thus, it remains unknown how the brain represents a scene perceived across the full visual field. Here, we introduce a method for ultra-wide angle display and probe signatures of immersive scene representation. An unobstructed view of 175° is achieved by bouncing the projected image off angled-mirrors onto a custom-built curved screen. To avoid perceptual distortion, scenes are created with wide field-of-view from custom virtual environments. We find that immersive scene representation drives medial cortex with far-peripheral preferences, but shows minimal modulation in classic scene regions. Further, scene and face-selective regions maintain their content preferences even with extreme far-periphery stimulation, highlighting that not all far-peripheral information is automatically integrated into scene regions computations. This work provides clarifying evidence on content vs. peripheral preferences in scene representation and opens new avenues to research immersive vision.","['D006801', 'D014793', 'D008279', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D055815', 'D014796', 'D010775', 'D001931', 'D059906', 'D014794', 'D010364']"
38941647,Vestibular evaluation with video head impulse test in pediatric cochlear implant patients.,"The cochlear implant (CI) is effective for rehabilitating patients with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. However, its placement and use have been associated with various complications, such as those affecting the vestibular system. The objective of this study was to compare vestibular function using the video head impulse test (vHIT) in pediatric patients before and after CI placement.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D064087', 'D012189', 'D002648', 'D003054', 'D002675', 'D012027', 'D006319', 'D019929', 'D014741', 'D012438', 'D000293', 'D014722']"
38941325,Characterizing medaka visual features using a high-throughput optomotor response assay.,"Medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) is a powerful model to study genetics underlying the developmental and functional traits of the vertebrate visual system. We established a simple and high-throughput optomotor response (OMR) assay utilizing medaka larvae to study visual functions including visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Our assay presents multiple adjustable stripes in motion to individual fish in a linear arena. For that the OMR assay employs a tablet display and the Fish Stripes software to adjust speed, width, color, and contrast of the stripes. Our results demonstrated that optomotor responses were robustly induced by black and white stripes presented from below in the linear-pool-arena. We detected robust strain specific differences in the OMR when comparing long established medaka inbred strains. We observed an interesting training effect upon the initial exposure of larvae to thick stripes, which allowed them to better respond to narrower stripes. The OMR setup and protocol presented here provide an efficient tool for quantitative phenotype mapping, addressing visual acuity, trainability of cortical neurons, color sensitivity, locomotor response, retinal regeneration and others. Our open-source setup presented here provides a crucial prerequisite for ultimately addressing the genetic basis of those processes.","['D000818', 'D009990', 'D007814', 'D014792', 'D010775', 'D015350', 'D014785', 'D057166']"
38941277,A computational account of transsaccadic attentional allocation based on visual gain fields.,"Coordination of goal-directed behavior depends on the brain's ability to recover the locations of relevant objects in the world. In humans, the visual system encodes the spatial organization of sensory inputs, but neurons in early visual areas map objects according to their retinal positions, rather than where they are in the world. How the brain computes world-referenced spatial information across eye movements has been widely researched and debated. Here, we tested whether shifts of covert attention are sufficiently precise in space and time to track an object's real-world location across eye movements. We found that observers' attentional selectivity is remarkably precise and is barely perturbed by the execution of saccades. Inspired by recent neurophysiological discoveries, we developed an observer model that rapidly estimates the real-world locations of objects and allocates attention within this reference frame. The model recapitulates the human data and provides a parsimonious explanation for previously reported phenomena in which observers allocate attention to task-irrelevant locations across eye movements. Our findings reveal that visual attention operates in real-world coordinates, which can be computed rapidly at the earliest stages of cortical processing.","['D006801', 'D001288', 'D012438', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D014796', 'D014794', 'D008959', 'D010775']"
38940325,Ocular Manifestations of Fabry Disease: Report from a Tertiary Eye Care Center in Türkiye.,To report ocular manifestations in patients with Fabry disease (FD) from a tertiary eye care center in Türkiye.,"['D006801', 'D000795', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D003430', 'D011446', 'D062606', 'D000368', 'D055815', 'D014421', 'D003228', 'D005128', 'D014792', 'D003315', 'D003229']"
38940093,EEG Activity during Pursuit and Saccade Visual Strategies to Predict the Arrival Position of a Target.,"In this study, we used electroencephalogram (EEG) to investigate the activity pattern of the cerebral cortex related to visual pursuit and saccade strategies to predict the arrival position of a visual target. In addition, we clarified the differences in the EEG of those who could predict the arrival position well using the saccade strategy compared to those who were not proficient.","['D006801', 'D012438', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D055815', 'D004569', 'D000328', 'D002540', 'D001288', 'D011698', 'D014796', 'D011597', 'D013028']"
38937293,The relationship between equol production status and normal tension glaucoma.,"Equol is metabolized by intestinal bacteria from soy isoflavones and is chemically similar to estrogen. Dietary habits, such as consumption of soy products, influence equol production. A relationship between glaucoma and estrogen has been identified; here, we investigated the relationship between equol production status and glaucoma in Japan.","['D006801', 'D057066', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D008297', 'D060754', 'D007429', 'D014794', 'D007564', 'D004797']"
38936949,Visual Acuity Impairment from Inflammatory Isolated Sphenoid Sinus Disease.,To investigate the treatment outcomes and determinants of prognosis in patients experiencing visual acuity (VA) deterioration due to inflammatory isolated sphenoid sinus disease (ISSD) who underwent endonasal endoscopic surgery (EES).,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D014792', 'D000368', 'D016896', 'D013101', 'D015524', 'D004724', 'D011379', 'D055815', 'D007249', 'D014786']"
38935644,Healing responses at the angle after micro-invasive glaucoma surgery-an AS-OCT study.,To evaluate structural alterations and healing responses in the trabecular meshwork region with optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) following after gonioscopy assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) and microincisional trabeculectomy (MIT).,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D041623', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D014130', 'D008875', 'D005901', 'D011446', 'D014129', 'D014945', 'D007429', 'D006068', 'D016896']"
38935310,"Comparison of intraocular pressure measurements with the tono-pen, goldmann applanation tonometer, and noncontact tonometer in nonglaucomatous pseudophakic children.","To evaluate the agreement between the Goldman applanation tonometer (GAT), Tono-Pen, and noncontact tonometer (NCT) in the measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) in pseudophakic children.","['D006801', 'D007429', 'D014065', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D012189', 'D002648', 'D019591', 'D000293', 'D015203', 'D002675', 'D003315']"
38935251,Risk factors for corneal graft rejection after penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus.,To evaluate the association between donor-related factors and the risk of rejection in patients undergoing penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) for keratoconus.,"['D006801', 'D015948', 'D007640', 'D006084', 'D008297', 'D012189', 'D005260', 'D012307', 'D000328', 'D006085', 'D008875', 'D005500', 'D014792', 'D055815', 'D015994', 'D011183', 'D000293']"
38935031,Forecasting Myopic Maculopathy Risk Over a Decade: Development and Validation of an Interpretable Machine Learning Algorithm.,The purpose of this study was to develop and validate prediction model for myopic macular degeneration (MMD) progression in patients with high myopia.,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D000069550', 'D041623', 'D000368', 'D018450', 'D000465', 'D000293', 'D002648', 'D055815', 'D008268', 'D047728', 'D005500', 'D012307', 'D005544', 'D018570', 'D014792']"
38934084,Effects of artificial light with different spectral compositions on refractive development and matrix metalloproteinase 2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 expression in the sclerae of juvenile guinea pigs.,"Artificial light can affect eyeball development and increase myopia rate. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) degrades the extracellular matrix, and induces its remodeling, while tissue inhibitor of matrix MMP-2 (TIMP-2) inhibits active MMP-2. The present study aimed to look into how refractive development and the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in the guinea pigs' remodeled sclerae are affected by artificial light with varying spectral compositions. Three weeks old guinea pigs were randomly assigned to groups exposed to five different types of light: natural light, LED light with a low color temperature, three full spectrum artificial lights, i.e. E light (continuous spectrum in the range of ~390-780 nm), G light (a blue peak at 450 nm and a small valley 480 nm) and F light (continuous spectrum and wavelength of 400 nm below filtered). A-scan ultrasonography was used to measure the axial lengths of their eyes, every two weeks throughout the experiment. Following twelve weeks of exposure to light, the sclerae were observed by optical and transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot and RT-qPCR were used to detect the MMP-2 and TIMP-2 protein and mRNA expression levels in the sclerae. After four, six, eight, ten, and twelve weeks of illumination, the guinea pigs in the LED and G light groups had axial lengths that were considerably longer than the animals in the natural light group while the guinea pigs in the E and F light groups had considerably shorter axial lengths than those in the LED group. Following twelve weeks of exposure to light, the expression of the scleral MMP-2 protein and mRNA were, from low to high, N group, E group, F group, G group, LED group; however, the expression of the scleral TIMP-2 protein and mRNA were, from high to low, N group, E group, F group, G group, LED group. The comparison between groups was statistically significant (p<0.01). Continuous, peaks-free or valleys-free artificial light with full-spectrum preserves remodeling of scleral extracellular matrix in guinea pigs by downregulating MMP-2 and upregulating TIMP-2, controlling eye axis elongation, and inhibiting the onset and progression of myopia.","['D000818', 'D006168', 'D020778', 'D019716', 'D012590', 'D008027', 'D009216', 'D012029']"
38931781,Exploring the Feasibility of Estimating Intraocular Pressure Using Vibrational Response of the Eye: A Methodological Approach.,"This study addresses the limitations of current tonometry techniques by exploring vibroacoustic properties for estimating intraocular pressure (IOP), a key diagnostic parameter for monitoring glaucoma-a significant risk factor for vision loss. Utilizing vivo porcine eyeballs, we investigated the relationship between IOP and the nonlinear vibration transfer function ratio (NVTFR). Through applying varying vibration levels and analyzing responses with transfer function analysis and univariate regression, we identified a strong negative correlation between NVTFR and IOP, evidenced by a Pearson correlation coefficient of -0.8111 and significant results from generalized linear model (GLM) regression (p-value < 0.001). These findings indicate the potential of NVTFR as a vital indicator of IOP changes. Our study highlights the feasibility of using vibroacoustic properties, specifically NVTFR, to measure IOP. While further refinement is necessary for in vivo application, this approach opens new possibilities for non-invasive and patient-friendly IOP monitoring, potentially enhancing ophthalmology diagnostic techniques and providing a foundation for future research and development in this critical area.","['D007429', 'D000818', 'D014732', 'D013552', 'D014065', 'D005123', 'D005901', 'D005240', 'D006801']"
38931650,Wavefront Changes during a Sustained Reading Task in Presbyopic Eyes.,"The objective of this study was to assess the effect of sustained reading on the temporal changes in the wavefront error in the presbyopic eye. The wavefront aberration of the eyes was measured using an IRX3 Shack-Hartmann aberrometer before and after (immediately, 5 min, and 10 min after) a reading task. Temporal changes in C20, C40, and C3-1 coefficient values of the eyes were plotted, showing a predominant number of V-shaped patterns (for C40 and C3-1) and inverse V-shaped patterns (for C20) among the study group, and the percentages (between 27 and 73%) were reported. The median of the total RMS of aberrations and the RMS of HOA (higher-order aberrations), which included comatic (3rd order) and spherical-like aberrations (4th and 6th order), increased immediately after finishing the near-vision reading task and then decreased. The median of RMS of comatic aberrations had a similar pattern of variations, while the median of RMS of spherical-like aberrations displayed an opposite pattern. Simulating the aberration changes due to lens decentration caused by relaxed zonules during 4 D accommodation in an eye model demonstrated that the expected range of changes for the vertical coma and spherical aberrations are in the order of 0.001 and 0.01 μm, respectively, which could justify why the observed changes were not statistically significant. The observed dynamic changes in HOA might be linked to the biomechanical characteristics and alterations in the displacement of the crystalline lens following prolonged near-vision tasks in presbyopic people. Although some predominant patterns under some conditions were shown, they exhibit considerable inter-subject and inter-ocular variability. This might be due to slight misalignments while fixating on the internal extended object in the aberrometer.","['D006801', 'D011932', 'D011305', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D057128', 'D000065', 'D057108', 'D000368']"
38929482,Custom-Made Artificial Iris and Toric-Intraocular Lens Intrascleral Flange Fixation: A Case Report.,"Different techniques for artificial iris implantation with or without an intraocular lens, depending on lens status, are described in the literature. We describe a surgical technique for a custom-made artificial iris and toric-intraocular lens intrascleral flange fixation. We modified the ""Backpack"" artificial iris implantation surgical technique to facilitate an accurate alignment of the toric-intraocular lens in a patient with aphakia, aniridia, and high asymmetric astigmatism secondary to blunt trauma. Two months after the surgery, uncorrected visual acuity was 20/30, corrected to 20/25 with a refraction of -2.00 in the diopter sphere with no residual astigmatism. The artificial iris implant and toric-intraocular lens were well-centered. The patient was satisfied with the visual and cosmetic outcomes. This procedure, however, is not complication-free as our patient developed uveitis and increased intraocular pressure during the postoperative period, which was treated successfully.","['D006801', 'D007498', 'D007910', 'D012590', 'D019654', 'D014792', 'D001251', 'D008297', 'D015783', 'D005260']"
38927698,The Clinical and Mutational Spectrum of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome in Saudi Arabia.,"The retinal features of Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) are insufficiently characterized in Arab populations. This retrospective study investigated the retinal features and genotypes of BBS in Saudi patients managed at a single tertiary eye care center. Data analysis of the identified 46 individuals from 31 families included visual acuity (VA), systemic manifestations, multimodal retinal imaging, electroretinography (ERG), family pedigrees, and genotypes. Patients were classified to have cone-rod, rod-cone, or generalized photoreceptor dystrophy based on the pattern of macular involvement on the retinal imaging. Results showed that nyctalopia and subnormal VA were the most common symptoms with 76% having VA ≤ 20/200 at the last visit (age: 5-35). Systemic features included obesity 91%, polydactyly 56.5%, and severe cognitive impairment 33%. The predominant retinal phenotype was cone-rod dystrophy 75%, 10% had rod-cone dystrophy and 15% had generalized photoreceptor dystrophy. ERGs were undetectable in 95% of patients. Among the 31 probands, 61% had biallelic variants in BBSome complex genes, 32% in chaperonin complex genes, and 6% had biallelic variants in ARL6; including six previously unreported variants. Interfamilial and intrafamilial variabilities were noted, without a clear genotype-phenotype correlation. Most BBS patients had advanced retinopathy and were legally blind by early adulthood, indicating a narrow therapeutic window for rescue strategies.","['D006801', 'D020788', 'D008297', 'D012529', 'D005260', 'D002648', 'D000293', 'D000328', 'D002675', 'D009154', 'D055815', 'D010375', 'D012189', 'D004596', 'D010641', 'D014792', 'D012160', 'D020727']"
38926553,Comparison of the efficacy and safety of SCD411 and reference aflibercept in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.,"To compare the efficacy and safety of the proposed aflibercept biosimilar SCD411 and reference aflibercept in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration, this randomized, double-masked, parallel-group, multicenter study was conducted in 14 countries from 13 August 2020 to 8 September 2022. Patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. With subfoveal, juxtafoveal, or extrafoveal choroidal neovascularization were aged 50 years or older. Intravitreal injection of SCD411 or aflibercept (2.0 mg) were administered every 4 weeks for the first three injections and every 8 weeks until week 48. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in best-corrected visual acuity from baseline to week 8 with an adjusted equivalence margin of ± 3.0 letters. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either SCD411 (n = 288) or reference aflibercept (n = 288). A total of 566 participants (98.3%) completed week 8 of the study. The least-squares mean difference of change in best-corrected visual acuity from baseline to week 8 (SCD411-aflibercept) was - 0.4 letters (90% confidence interval =  - 1.6 to 0.9). The incidence of ocular (69 of 287 [24.0%] vs. 71 of 286 [24.8%]) and serious ocular (5 of 287 [1.7%] vs. 3 of 286 [1.0%]) treatment-emergent adverse effects were similar between the SCD411 and aflibercept groups. Immunogenicity analysis revealed a low incidence of neutralizing antibody formation in both groups. In conclusion, SCD411 has equivalent efficacy compared with reference aflibercept in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration and has a comparable safety profile. The results support the potential use of SCD411 for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration.","['D006801', 'D040262', 'D011993', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D014792', 'D058449', 'D016896', 'D008268', 'D008875', 'D004311', 'D000369', 'D020256', 'D059451', 'D020533']"
38926206,Evaluation of lamina cribrosa curvature index in different types of glaucoma.,The aim of this study was to evaluate the lamina cribrosa curvature index in different types of glaucoma in comparison with clinical findings and conventional measurement methods.,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D041623', 'D008875', 'D014794', 'D009898', 'D007429', 'D000368', 'D005902', 'D012165', 'D009412', 'D000328', 'D005500', 'D005901']"
38925904,Outcomes of 25-Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy in the Treatment of Idiopathic Macular Hole.,"The main aim of this study is to evaluate the anatomical and functional results of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with peeling of the internal limiting membrane (ILM), membrane blue staining and subsequent expansile gas tamponade (perfluoropropane) in the treatment of idiopathic macular hole (IMH).","['D006801', 'D014821', 'D012167', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D012189', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D005466', 'D014792', 'D016896']"
38925900,Refractive Surgery in a Patient with Alport Syndrome. A Case Report.,"The authors present a case of a thirty-eight-year-old patient with Alport syndrome. The patient had several ocular symptoms of the disease and has been treated for systemic problems in connection with Alport syndrome since he was fifteen years old. At that age the patient also underwent a kidney transplant in order to deal with renal insufficiency. To date, he still uses immunosuppressants and antihypertensives. Furthermore, the patient suffers from perceptive deafness. The patient visited our clinic in 2021 with a request to solve his high refractive error, in which the diopters were so high that it was not possible to place them in spectacles. The patient's best corrected visual acuity was 0.6 with -8.0sph/-4.0cyl/ax15 in the right eye and 0.7partim with -8.0sph/-4.0cyl/ax155 in the left eye. The autorefractometer values were -6.25sph/-6.75cyl/ax17 in the right eye and -6.75sph/-6.5cyl/ax155 in the left eye. During the eye examination we found a number of ocular manifestations that are typical of Alport syndrome. On the cornea there were opacities as a residue of corneal erosions, and at one of the following check-ups we also found a newly developed corneal erosion. Subsequently, we found an anterior lenticonus and incipient cataract. Upon performing OCT, a typical temporal macular atrophy was evident. Fundus examination in artificial mydriasis showed just a minimal manifestation of fleck retinopathy. Due to the clinical manifestation we decided to perform cataract surgery and implant a monofocal toric intraocular lens in both eyes. There were no complications during the operations, however the surgeon registered a non-standard structure of the lens capsule. The capsule was more fragile, and performing capsulorhexis was much more complicated. A week after the surgery, higher cylinder diopters were still present. A decrease of the higher diopters was noticeable one month after surgery. The time interval between the first operation and the second operation was one month. The patient was highly satisfied with result, and uncorrected visual acuity improved by over four lines. After surgery the patient needed low diopters for near as well as far distance. In the case of this patient, the ocular manifestations were detected and treated in adulthood. Nevertheless, early detection of ocular symptoms of Alport syndrome in young patients before renal failure could lead to timely start of the treatment and delay a possible renal transplant. In case of any suspicion of Alport syndrome it is advised to send the patient to a pediatrician, and at an older age to an internal medicine specialist, for further examination.","['D006801', 'D009394', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D054140', 'D014792']"
38925895,Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant in the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema Focusing on the Role of OCT Biomarkers.,"The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of Ozurdex® (DEX) implant in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) in real-world clinical practice, and to determine the correlation between known OCT biomarkers and the effect of treatment.","['D006801', 'D008269', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D003930', 'D003907', 'D012189', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D058449', 'D004343', 'D014792', 'D005938', 'D041623']"
38925893,Comparison of Techniques: Inverted Flap and Conventional Internal Limiting Membrane Removal in Idiopathic Macular Hole Surgery.,To compare functional and anatomical outcomes between the inverted flap technique and conventional removal of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) in the surgical management of idiopathic macular hole (IMH).,"['D006801', 'D013524', 'D012189', 'D012167', 'D014792', 'D014821', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D000368']"
38925892,Clinical History Method versus Corneal Tomographers in Estimating Corneal Power after Photorefractive Surgery.,To investigate the concordance between the corneal power determined by various approaches with two tomographers (MS-39® and Galilei G6®) and the clinical history method (CHM) in patients undergoing photorefractive surgery with excimer laser for myopic errors.,"['D006801', 'D003315', 'D009216', 'D000328', 'D011446', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D018903', 'D055815', 'D019781', 'D054018', 'D012029']"
38924126,Realistic About Reference Production: Testing the Effects of Domain Size and Saturation.,"Experiments on visually grounded, definite reference production often manipulate simple visual scenes in the form of grids filled with objects, for example, to test how speakers are affected by the number of objects that are visible. Regarding the latter, it was found that speech onset times increase along with domain size, at least when speakers refer to nonsalient target objects that do not pop out of the visual domain. This finding suggests that even in the case of many distractors, speakers perform object-by-object scans of the visual scene. The current study investigates whether this systematic processing strategy can be explained by the simplified nature of the scenes that were used, and if different strategies can be identified for photo-realistic visual scenes. In doing so, we conducted a preregistered experiment that manipulated domain size and saturation; replicated the measures of speech onset times; and recorded eye movements to measure speakers' viewing strategies more directly. Using controlled photo-realistic scenes, we find (1) that speech onset times increase linearly as more distractors are present; (2) that larger domains elicit relatively fewer fixation switches back and forth between the target and its distractors, mainly before speech onset; and (3) that speakers fixate the target relatively less often in larger domains, mainly after speech onset. We conclude that careful object-by-object scans remain the dominant strategy in our photo-realistic scenes, to a limited extent combined with low-level saliency mechanisms. A relevant direction for future research would be to employ less controlled photo-realistic stimuli that do allow for interpretation based on context.","['D006801', 'D013060', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D005133', 'D000328', 'D055815', 'D014796', 'D001288', 'D010775']"
38923965,Combination effect of optical defocus and low dose atropine in myopia control: Study protocol for a randomized clinical trial.,"Myopia, characterized by excessive axial elongation of the eyeball, increases risks of having sight-threatening diseases and impose a financial burden to healthcare system. Although myopic control interventions showed their effectiveness in slowing progression, the efficacy varies between individuals and does not completely halt progression. The study aims to investigate the efficacy of combining 0.01% atropine administered twice daily with optical defocus for myopia control in schoolchildren.","['D006801', 'D001285', 'D009216', 'D002648', 'D011446', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012029', 'D005139', 'D016037', 'D009883', 'D009184', 'D016896']"
38922628,Effect of Individualized Ocular Refraction Customization Spectacle Lens Wear on Visual Performance in Myopic Chinese Children.,Individualized ocular refraction customization (IORC) lenses can be individually adjusted depending on the initial relative peripheral refraction to determine the myopic defocus (MD). We aimed to compare visual performance of children wearing IORC lenses with different amounts of MD to determine whether higher MD resulted in greater visual compromise.,"['D006801', 'D002648', 'D009216', 'D005139', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D014792', 'D012029', 'D015350', 'D002681', 'D011795', 'D000095225']"
38922523,Concurrent ciliary body detachment in patients presenting with serous choroidal detachment following glaucoma surgery.,"To examine the rate of ciliary body detachment in patients with choroidal detachment following glaucoma surgery and its effect on the clinical course, management, and prognosis.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002924', 'D000368', 'D011446', 'D008875', 'D000369', 'D007429', 'D000080324', 'D005901', 'D011183', 'D033401', 'D005500', 'D014130', 'D020327', 'D014792', 'D014603', 'D041623']"
38920689,The TGFβ Induced MicroRNAome of the Trabecular Meshwork.,"Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a progressive optic neuropathy with a complex, multifactorial aetiology. Raised intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most important clinically modifiable risk factor for POAG. All current pharmacological agents target aqueous humour dynamics to lower IOP. Newer therapeutic agents are required as some patients with POAG show a limited therapeutic response or develop ocular and systemic side effects to topical medication. Elevated IOP in POAG results from cellular and molecular changes in the trabecular meshwork driven by increased levels of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) in the anterior segment of the eye. Understanding how TGFβ affects both the structural and functional changes in the outflow pathway and IOP is required to develop new glaucoma therapies that target the molecular pathology in the trabecular meshwork. In this study, we evaluated the effects of TGF-β1 and -β2 treatment on miRNA expression in cultured human primary trabecular meshwork cells. Our findings are presented in terms of specific miRNAs (miRNA-centric), but given miRNAs work in networks to control cellular pathways and processes, a pathway-centric view of miRNA action is also reported. Evaluating TGFβ-responsive miRNA expression in trabecular meshwork cells will further our understanding of the important pathways and changes involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma and could lead to the development of miRNAs as new therapeutic modalities in glaucoma.","['D014129', 'D006801', 'D035683', 'D005902', 'D053781', 'D016212', 'D053773', 'D002478', 'D005786', 'D007429']"
38920673,Effect of Bromfenac on Reducing Neuroinflammation in an Ischemia-Reperfusion Glaucoma Model.,"In the context of glaucoma, intraocular pressure (IOP) and age are recognized as the primary factors contributing to its onset and progression. However, significant reductions in IOP fail to completely halt its advancement. An emerging body of literature highlights the role of neuroinflammation in glaucoma. This study aimed to explore Bromfenac's anti-inflammatory properties in mitigating neuroinflammation associated with glaucoma using an ischemia-reperfusion (IR) glaucoma model. Bromfenac's impact on microglia and astrocytes under pressure was assessed via Western blotting and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate glial activation and changes in inflammatory marker expression in the IR model. Bromfenac led to the downregulation of inflammatory markers, which were elevated in the conditions of elevated pressure, and necroptosis markers were downregulated in astrocytes. In the IR model, elevated levels of GFAP and Iba-1 indicated glial activation. Following Bromfenac administration, levels of iNOS, COX-2, and PGE2-R were reduced, suggesting a decrease in neuroinflammation. Furthermore, Bromfenac administration in the IR model resulted in the improved survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and preservation of retinal function, as demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining and electroretinography. In summary, Bromfenac proved effective in diminishing neuroinflammation and resulted in enhanced RGC survival.","['D001969', 'D000818', 'D001577', 'D015427', 'D005901', 'D004195', 'D001253', 'D000090862', 'D012165', 'D017628', 'D008297', 'D007429', 'D051381']"
38920659,Parallel Analysis of Exosomes and Cytokines in Aqueous Humor Samples to Evaluate Biomarkers for Glaucoma.,"Recent emerging studies have demonstrated numerous critical roles of exosomes in cell-to-cell signaling. We investigated exosomes in the aqueous humor of glaucoma patients and controls and compared their characteristics with other biomarkers such as cytokines. Glaucoma patients exhibited higher exosome particle counts and smaller sizes compared to controls. Higher exosome density was correlated with more severe visual field loss. Conversely, concentrations of aqueous humor cytokines, particularly PD-L1, were primarily associated with intraocular pressure, and none of the cytokines showed a significant association with visual field damage. This may reflect the characteristics of exosomes, which are advantageous for crossing various biological barriers. Exosomes may contain more information about glaucoma functional damage occurring in the retina or optic nerve head. This highlights the potential importance of exosomes as signaling mediators distinct from other existing molecules.","['D006801', 'D001082', 'D055354', 'D015415', 'D005901', 'D016207', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D007429', 'D016022']"
38918969,Analysis of Prognostic Factors in Non-Traumatic and Non-Diabetic Retinopathy Patients Undergoing Vitrectomy.,"Vitrectomy is one of the crucial therapeutic interventions for non-traumatic and non-diabetic retinal diseases. However, the prognosis of patients undergoing this procedure and the factors affecting prognosis remain to be clarified. The aim of this study was to analyze the prognostic factors of non-traumatic and non-diabetic retinopathy complicated by vitreous hemorrhage.","['D006801', 'D014821', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D012189', 'D011379', 'D008875', 'D012164', 'D011183', 'D014823', 'D012307', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D014792', 'D007429']"
38918765,Clinical results with a multifocal intraocular lens with a novel optical design.,To evaluate the optical performance and safety of a new multifocal lens with a novel optical design featuring two additional foci (or intensifiers) in patients with cataract and presbyopia.,"['D006801', 'D014792', 'D011446', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D000075542', 'D008875', 'D011474', 'D011305', 'D012029', 'D019654', 'D019591', 'D018918', 'D002386', 'D007910', 'D000369', 'D005500']"
38918731,The effects of refractive status on the outcomes of strabismus surgery in patients with esotropia.,The success of the strabismus surgery can hinge on several factors. One of these factors is refractive condition like hyperopia or myopia. Our study seeks to evaluate the surgical outcomes in patients with esotropia and myopia.,"['D006801', 'D004948', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D013508', 'D016022', 'D009801', 'D002648', 'D014792', 'D002675', 'D015348', 'D012189', 'D000328', 'D012029', 'D009216', 'D000293', 'D006956', 'D016896', 'D008875', 'D055815', 'D005500']"
38918348,Temporal Information Processing in the Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia.,"Temporal information processing in the range of a few hundred milliseconds to seconds involves the cerebellum and basal ganglia. In this chapter, we present recent studies on nonhuman primates. In the studies presented in the first half of the chapter, monkeys were trained to make eye movements when a certain amount of time had elapsed since the onset of the visual cue (time production task). The animals had to report time lapses ranging from several hundred milliseconds to a few seconds based on the color of the fixation point. In this task, the saccade latency varied with the time length to be measured and showed stochastic variability from one trial to the other. Trial-to-trial variability under the same conditions correlated well with pupil diameter and the preparatory activity in the deep cerebellar nuclei and the motor thalamus. Inactivation of these brain regions delayed saccades when asked to report subsecond intervals. These results suggest that the internal state, which changes with each trial, may cause fluctuations in cerebellar neuronal activity, thereby producing variations in self-timing. When measuring different time intervals, the preparatory activity in the cerebellum always begins approximately 500 ms before movements, regardless of the length of the time interval being measured. However, the preparatory activity in the striatum persists throughout the mandatory delay period, which can be up to 2 s, with different rate of increasing activity. Furthermore, in the striatum, the visual response and low-frequency oscillatory activity immediately before time measurement were altered by the length of the intended time interval. These results indicate that the state of the network, including the striatum, changes with the intended timing, which lead to different time courses of preparatory activity. Thus, the basal ganglia appear to be responsible for measuring time in the range of several hundred milliseconds to seconds, whereas the cerebellum is responsible for regulating self-timing variability in the subsecond range. The second half of this chapter presents studies related to periodic timing. During eye movements synchronized with alternating targets at regular intervals, different neurons in the cerebellar nuclei exhibit activity related to movement timing, predicted stimulus timing, and the temporal error of synchronization. Among these, the activity associated with target appearance is particularly enhanced during synchronized movements and may represent an internal model of the temporal structure of stimulus sequence. We also considered neural mechanism underlying the perception of periodic timing in the absence of movement. During perception of rhythm, we predict the timing of the next stimulus and focus our attention on that moment. In the missing oddball paradigm, the subjects had to detect the omission of a regularly repeated stimulus. When employed in humans, the results show that the fastest temporal limit for predicting each stimulus timing is about 0.25 s (4 Hz). In monkeys performing this task, neurons in the cerebellar nuclei, striatum, and motor thalamus exhibit periodic activity, with different time courses depending on the brain region. Since electrical stimulation or inactivation of recording sites changes the reaction time to stimulus omission, these neuronal activities must be involved in periodic temporal processing. Future research is needed to elucidate the mechanism of rhythm perception, which appears to be processed by both cortico-cerebellar and cortico-basal ganglia pathways.","['D000818', 'D002531', 'D001479', 'D013998', 'D012438', 'D013997', 'D006801']"
38918293,Assessment of surgical strategies for management of complicated strabismus reoperation in Graves' ophthalmopathy.,Strabismus reoperation in Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is complicated and challenging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the various surgical strategies of strabismus reoperation and their outcomes in patients with GO.,"['D006801', 'D049970', 'D008297', 'D013285', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D012086', 'D009801', 'D013508', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D005133', 'D015348', 'D000368', 'D005500', 'D016896', 'D014792', 'D055815']"
38917142,Can viewing a 3D movie improve visual function in children with a history of amblyopia and neurotypical children?: A pilot study.,"The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether viewing an immersive 3D movie with large disparities in a cinema resulted in improved visual acuity (VA), stereoscopic depth perception (ST), and improved eye alignment in residual amblyopic children and children without amblyopia.","['D006801', 'D000550', 'D002648', 'D010865', 'D014792', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D002675', 'D003867', 'D009040']"
38916884,Characterizing Retinal Sensitivity and Structure in Congenital Stationary Night Blindness: A Combined Microperimetry and OCT Study.,"To investigate the characteristics of microperimetry and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB), as well as their structure-function association.","['D006801', 'D041623', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D003430', 'D009755', 'D058609', 'D014794', 'D040181', 'D012160', 'D000328', 'D009216', 'D055815', 'D015785', 'D014792', 'D000293', 'D047728', 'D002648', 'D002829']"
38916881,A Practical Framework for the Integration of Structural Data Into Perimetric Examinations.,We sought to develop and evaluate a practical framework that supports structurally enhanced perimetric examinations.,"['D006801', 'D041623', 'D058609', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D014794', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D005901', 'D000368', 'D064368']"
38916818,Switch to faricimab after initial treatment with aflibercept in eyes with diabetic macular edema.,To assess the effectiveness of a switch to faricimab in individuals affected by DME and previously treated with aflibercept.,"['D006801', 'D040262', 'D011993', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D012189', 'D008269', 'D003930', 'D058449', 'D014792', 'D008875', 'D020533', 'D041623', 'D005500', 'D000368', 'D016896', 'D057915', 'D042461']"
38916805,Intraoperative variability of corneal epithelium thickness in photorefractive keratectomy.,To evaluate the intraoperative central corneal epithelial thickness (ET) as measured by optical coherence pachymetry (OCP) in myopic eyes undergoing alcohol-assisted photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).,"['D006801', 'D018903', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D012189', 'D019573', 'D009216', 'D055815', 'D063171', 'D054018', 'D007432', 'D041623', 'D019781', 'D000293', 'D012029', 'D014792']"
38916772,Evaluation of contrast sensitivity in patients with congenital red-green color vision deficiency.,To evaluate mesopic and photopic contrast sensitivity in patients with congenital red-green color vision deficiency regarding with and without glare conditions and to compare these findings with age- and gender-matched healthy controls with normal color vision.,"['D006801', 'D015350', 'D003117', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D003430', 'D000328', 'D055253', 'D055815', 'D008875', 'D055255', 'D019466', 'D014792', 'D000293']"
38916635,Intraocular pressure control efficacy and safety of HA-Mg glaucoma drainage plate implantation in the anterior chamber of rabbit eyes.,"The current clinical application of glaucoma drainage devices is made of non-degradable materials. These non-degradable drainage devices often trigger inflammatory responses and scar proliferation, possibly leading to surgical failure. We developed a biodegradable material hydroxyapatite-coated magnesium (HA-Mg) as a glaucoma drainage device. Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to three groups: HA-Mg drainage plate group (6 right eyes), trabeculectomy group (6 right eyes), and control group (12 left eyes). Results showed that all HA-Mg drainage plates were completely degraded ~4 months postoperatively. At the 5th month postoperatively, there was no statistical difference in the corneal endothelium density between the HA-Mg drainage plate group and the control group (p = 0.857). The intraocular pressure (IOP) level in the HA-Mg drainage plate implantation group was lower than in the other two groups. The trypan blue dye still drained from the anterior chamber to the subconjunctiva 5 months after HA-Mg drainage plate implantation. HE staining revealed the scleral linear aqueous humor drainage channel and anterior synechia were observed after drainage plate completely degraded, with no obvious infiltration with the inflammatory cells. This study showed the safety and efficacy of HA-Mg glaucoma drainage plate in controlling IOP after implantation into the anterior chamber of rabbit eyes.","['D000818', 'D011817', 'D007429', 'D020327', 'D000867', 'D005901', 'D008274', 'D017886', 'D014130']"
38915383,Efficacy and safety of Brolucizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Brolucizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (n-AMD) through a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"['D006801', 'D020533', 'D061067', 'D058449', 'D008268', 'D016896', 'D014792', 'D057135']"
38914987,Altered pupil light and darkness reflex and eye-blink responses in late-life depression.,"Late-life depression (LLD) is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder in the older population. While LLD exhibits high mortality rates, depressive symptoms in older adults are often masked by physical health conditions. In younger adults, depression is associated with deficits in pupil light reflex and eye blink rate, suggesting the potential use of these responses as biomarkers for LLD.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D005260', 'D001767', 'D012025', 'D003863', 'D000369', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D011680', 'D003624', 'D055815', 'D008027']"
38914871,"Aphakia treatment with sutureless scleral fixation or retropupillary iris-claw intraocular lens implantation: visual acuity, anterior segment and keratometry outcomes.",Evaluation of anterior segment parameters using the Scheimpflug corneal topography 1 year after surgery in patients who underwent sutureless scleral fixation intraocular lens (SFIOL) implantation using the modified Yamane technique and retropupillary iris-claw intraocular lens (RPIOL) implantation.,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D014792', 'D012590', 'D019654', 'D008875', 'D019781', 'D000368', 'D007498', 'D000071062', 'D007910', 'D012189', 'D000869', 'D000328', 'D016896', 'D011474', 'D001036', 'D005500', 'D001035']"
38914606,Comparison of visual outcomes and optical aberrations after SMILE with intraoperative Kappa angle adjustments between small and large Kappa angles.,"This study compares postoperative visual outcomes and optical aberrations after Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) in patients with both small (S-Kappa: Kappa angle < 0.2 mm) and large Kappa (L-Kappa: Kappa angle ≥ 0.2 mm) angles. The evaluated aberrations include total higher-order aberrations (HOAs), horizontal coma (HC), vertical coma (VC), and spherical aberrations (SA), with procedures incorporating intraoperative Kappa angle adjustments. We retrospectively analyzed patient records undergoing SMILE utilizing linear mixed models (LMM). We assessed adjusted mean uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), Strehl ratio (SR), total HOAs, VC, and SA at pupils of 3 mm and 6 mm for both S-Kappa and L-Kappa. The disparities between S-Kappa and L-Kappa were evaluated by LMM's adjusted mean differences. The differences in optical metrics were also assessed in eyes grouped by myopia levels: low, moderate, and high. A sensitivity analysis was conducted on a threshold of Kappa angle at 0.3 mm. Eight-five patients (169 eyes) were analyzed, and no significant pre-operative difference was found in UDVA (p = .222) or spherical equivalent (p = .433). Post-operative differences were found in SR at 3 mm pupil size (-0.06, p = .022), total HOA 3 mm (0.15, p = .022), HC 3 mm (0.04, p = .042), VC 3 mm and 6 mm (-0.08, p = .041; 0.04, p = .041). The stratified analysis for high myopia revealed significant differences in UDVA (-0.04, p = .037), HC 3 mm (0.07, p = .03), VC 6 mm (-0.21, p = .001), and SA 3 mm and 6 mm (0.07, p = .037; -0.09, p = .037). Sensitivity analysis showed no significant difference using a 0.3 mm Kappa threshold. While some optical aberrations exhibited statistical differences between S-Kappa and L-Kappa, their clinical significance is limited. Thus, a large Kappa angle might not substantially influence post-operative optical aberrations when intraoperative Kappa angle adjustments are implemented.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D014792', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D012189', 'D009216', 'D055815', 'D048988', 'D057108', 'D016896', 'D012029']"
38913708,Assessing the reliability of tele-refraction for real time consultation with a remote optometrist.,"Uncorrected refractive errors pose a significant challenge globally, particularly in remote regions of low-middle income countries where access to optometric care is often limited. Telerefraction, which involves refraction by a trained technician followed by real-time consultation with remote optometrist, is a promising approach for such remote settings. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of this model.","['D006801', 'D012030', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D011446', 'D019114', 'D000072162', 'D008875', 'D015203', 'D009907', 'D017216', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D012029', 'D014792', 'D000368']"
38913217,Predictive factors of age-related macular degeneration with poor response to three loading doses of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor.,To evaluate the predictive factors of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) with poor response to three loading doses of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB).,"['D006801', 'D012189', 'D008297', 'D020533', 'D005260', 'D058449', 'D041623', 'D000068258', 'D000368', 'D005451', 'D014792', 'D042461', 'D057135', 'D005654', 'D000369', 'D008266', 'D005500', 'D008875']"
38913194,Visual evoked potentials in patients with congenital color vision deficiency.,"Congenital color vision deficiency (CCVD) is an eye disease characterized by abnormalities in the cone cells in the photoreceptor layer. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) are electrophysiological tests that physiologically examine the optic nerve, other visual pathways, and the visual cortex. The aim of this research was to determine whether there are VEP abnormalities in CCVD patients.","['D006801', 'D005074', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D003117', 'D011446', 'D000328', 'D041623', 'D016022', 'D055815', 'D008875', 'D000293', 'D014792']"
38913192,"Comparing ranibizumab, dexamethasone implant, and combined therapy for macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion: a clinical trial.","Macular edema (ME) is a common complication following branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and is also the main reason for visual impairment. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) or dexamethasone implant (IDI) monotherapy, as well as the combination of IVR and IDI injections, in patients with ME secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).","['D006801', 'D012170', 'D000069579', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D003907', 'D058449', 'D008269', 'D011446', 'D004343', 'D014792', 'D008875', 'D020533', 'D005938', 'D041623', 'D016896', 'D000368', 'D004359', 'D005500']"
38913127,Evaluation of anterior segment parameters between pregnancy trimesters and postpartum with pentacam scheimflug ımaging: a prospective study.,"To evaluate the effect of pregnancy on the anterior chamber, corneal parameter, and intraocular pressure measurements; and compare the results between trimesters, postpartum and non-pregnant healthy age-matched women.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011446', 'D011247', 'D000328', 'D049590', 'D011264', 'D007429', 'D000869', 'D055815', 'D014792', 'D001699', 'D003315', 'D000867']"
38913082,Accuracy of intra ocular lens calculation formulae in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome.,The purpose of this study was to investigate the visual and refractive outcomes in patients with pseudoexfoliation (PXF) undergoing routine cataract surgery and to compare the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulae.,"['D006801', 'D017889', 'D012189', 'D000368', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D014792', 'D012029', 'D007910', 'D001699', 'D000369', 'D055095', 'D015203']"
38913073,Visuo-motor updating in individuals with heightened autistic traits.,"Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents a range of challenges, including heightened sensory sensitivities. Here, we examine the idea that sensory overload in ASD may be linked to issues with efference copy mechanisms, which predict the sensory outcomes of self-generated actions, such as eye movements. Efference copies play a vital role in maintaining visual and motor stability. Disrupted efference copies hinder precise predictions, leading to increased reliance on actual feedback and potential distortions in perceptions across eye movements. In our first experiment, we tested how well healthy individuals with varying levels of autistic traits updated their mental map after making eye movements. We found that those with more autistic traits had difficulty using information from their eye movements to update the spatial representation of their mental map, resulting in significant errors in object localization. In the second experiment, we looked at how participants perceived an object displacement after making eye movements. Using a trans-saccadic spatial updating task, we found that those with higher autism scores exhibited a greater bias, indicating under-compensation of eye movements and a failure to maintain spatial stability during saccades. Overall, our study underscores efference copy's vital role in visuo-motor stability, aligning with Bayesian theories of autism, potentially informing interventions for improved action-perception integration in autism.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000067877', 'D000328', 'D055815', 'D005133', 'D011597', 'D014796', 'D000293', 'D012438', 'D001321']"
38913016,Individual differences in face salience and rapid face saccades.,"Humans saccade to faces in their periphery faster than to other types of objects. Previous research has highlighted the potential importance of the upper face region in this phenomenon, but it remains unclear whether this is driven by the eye region. Similarly, it remains unclear whether such rapid saccades are exclusive to faces or generalize to other semantically salient stimuli. Furthermore, it is unknown whether individuals differ in their face-specific saccadic reaction times and, if so, whether such differences could be linked to differences in face fixations during free viewing. To explore these open questions, we invited 77 participants to perform a saccadic choice task in which we contrasted faces as well as other salient objects, particularly isolated face features and text, with cars. Additionally, participants freely viewed 700 images of complex natural scenes in a separate session, which allowed us to determine the individual proportion of first fixations falling on faces. For the saccadic choice task, we found advantages for all categories of interest over cars. However, this effect was most pronounced for images of full faces. Full faces also elicited faster saccades compared with eyes, showing that isolated eye regions are not sufficient to elicit face-like responses. Additionally, we found consistent individual differences in saccadic reaction times toward faces that weakly correlated with face salience during free viewing. Our results suggest a link between semantic salience and rapid detection, but underscore the unique status of faces. Further research is needed to resolve the mechanisms underlying rapid face saccades.","['D006801', 'D012438', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D011930', 'D000328', 'D055815', 'D000066499', 'D010775', 'D007206', 'D005403', 'D000293']"
38913007,Intervisit Reproducibility of Foveal Cone Density Metrics.,"To assess longitudinal reproducibility of metrics of foveal density (peak cone density [PCD], cone density centroid [CDC], and 80th percentile centroid area) in participants with normal vision.","['D006801', 'D017949', 'D008297', 'D005584', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D015203', 'D008875', 'D002452', 'D055815', 'D009887', 'D041623', 'D014792']"
38910200,A comparison of iCare and Goldmann applanation tonometry measurements during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective study.,To evaluate factors associated with differences in intraocular pressure (IOP) readings between iCare and Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) in established glaucoma patients.,"['D006801', 'D012189', 'D014065', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D007429', 'D000086382', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D005901', 'D000086402', 'D000328', 'D015203', 'D000369', 'D058873']"
38909337,Efficacy of anti-VEGF intravitreal injection in traumatic submacular hemorrhage: a retrospective study.,In this study we investigated the efficacy of short-term intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGF) in treating traumatic submacular hemorrhage.,"['D006801', 'D058449', 'D012189', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D020533', 'D000328', 'D042461', 'D014792', 'D012166', 'D041623', 'D005451', 'D005131', 'D016896', 'D000068258', 'D000069579', 'D005654', 'D005500']"
38909239,Enhancing fall risk assessment: instrumenting vision with deep learning during walks.,"Falls are common in a range of clinical cohorts, where routine risk assessment often comprises subjective visual observation only. Typically, observational assessment involves evaluation of an individual's gait during scripted walking protocols within a lab to identify deficits that potentially increase fall risk, but subtle deficits may not be (readily) observable. Therefore, objective approaches (e.g., inertial measurement units, IMUs) are useful for quantifying high resolution gait characteristics, enabling more informed fall risk assessment by capturing subtle deficits. However, IMU-based gait instrumentation alone is limited, failing to consider participant behaviour and details within the environment (e.g., obstacles). Video-based eye-tracking glasses may provide additional insight to fall risk, clarifying how people traverse environments based on head and eye movements. Recording head and eye movements can provide insights into how the allocation of visual attention to environmental stimuli influences successful navigation around obstacles. Yet, manual review of video data to evaluate head and eye movements is time-consuming and subjective. An automated approach is needed but none currently exists. This paper proposes a deep learning-based object detection algorithm (VARFA) to instrument vision and video data during walks, complementing instrumented gait.","['D000077321', 'D000058', 'D006801', 'D018570', 'D016138', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D000084542', 'D005133', 'D005684', 'D014741', 'D055815']"
38909160,Ocular characteristics and outcomes of phacoemulsification in patients with cataract after renal transplantation.,To explore ocular characteristics of patients with cataracts after renal transplantation and analyze the results of phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.,"['D006801', 'D018918', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002386', 'D014792', 'D016030', 'D008875', 'D011183', 'D000328', 'D007429', 'D019654', 'D012189', 'D016896', 'D005500', 'D000368']"
38907885,Epithelial thickness map-adjusted transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy for treatment of myopic astigmatism: 12-month results.,To evaluate the refractive results of Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy (t-PRK) with the Technolas Teneo2 Excimer laser platform.,"['D006801', 'D018903', 'D012189', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D014792', 'D012029', 'D054018', 'D000328', 'D009216', 'D001251', 'D019573', 'D055815', 'D005500', 'D016896', 'D019781']"
38907787,Prognostic factors for intravitreal conbercept in the treatment of choroidal neovascularization secondary to pathological myopia.,To identify risk factors influencing visual outcomes in patients with pathological myopia-associated choroidal neovascularization (PM-CNV) following intravitreal injections of conbercept.,"['D006801', 'D020256', 'D058449', 'D008297', 'D047728', 'D005260', 'D011993', 'D008875', 'D014792', 'D011379', 'D041623', 'D005451', 'D012189', 'D005500', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D016896', 'D020533', 'D005654']"
38907184,Characteristics of peripheral refractive errors in eyes of patients with non-amblyopic myopic anisometropia.,This study aims to investigate relative peripheral refractive (RPR) characteristics in children with non-amblyopic myopic anisometropia and explore potential associations between relative peripheral refractive errors (RPRE) and myopia.,"['D006801', 'D015858', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D009216', 'D002648', 'D012029', 'D014792', 'D019781', 'D000293', 'D002675']"
38907180,"Nucleus drop following phacoemulsification surgery: Incidence, risk factors and clinical outcomes.","To determine the incidence, risk factors and clinical outcomes in patients with nucleus drop (ND) following phacoemulsification surgery at a tertiary care ophthalmic institute.","['D006801', 'D018918', 'D008297', 'D015994', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D012307', 'D000368', 'D014792', 'D011183', 'D007429', 'D008875', 'D005500', 'D000369', 'D019654']"
38907177,Evaluation of combined epiretinal membrane removal with intravitreal triamcinolone injection utilizing ectopic inner foveal layer staging scheme.,To investigate the macular morphological and visual outcomes of combined idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) removal with triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injection based on consideration of the ectopic inner foveal layer (EIFL) staging scheme.,"['D006801', 'D019773', 'D012189', 'D058449', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D014792', 'D041623', 'D005938', 'D005584', 'D014821', 'D014222', 'D016022', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D005500', 'D016896']"
38907173,Rates of retinal nerve fiber layer loss in early-stage pseudoexfoliation and primary open-angle glaucoma patients using optical coherence tomography.,"To characterize glaucoma progression in early-stage patients with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) using the change analysis software (CAS), which was utilized to track RNFL thinning.","['D006801', 'D041623', 'D005902', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D009412', 'D012165', 'D000368', 'D017889', 'D008875', 'D014794', 'D007429', 'D018450', 'D058609', 'D005500', 'D009898']"
38907133,Comparison of the effectiveness of different corneal curvature measurement methods for IOL implantation in traumatic aphakic eyes with corneal injury.,To assess the refractive outcomes of secondary intraocular lenses (IOL) in patients with traumatic aphakic eyes with corneal penetrating injury and compare different corneal curvature measurement methods.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D019654', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D065306', 'D014792', 'D012029', 'D003315', 'D012189', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D007910', 'D015807', 'D001036', 'D000368', 'D001035', 'D002387', 'D019781', 'D002648']"
38906960,Partner gaze shapes the relationship between symptoms of psychopathology and interpersonal coordination.,"Interpersonal coordination is a key determinant of successful social interaction but can be disrupted when people experience symptoms related to social anxiety or autism. Effective coordination rests on individuals directing their attention towards interaction partners. Yet little is known about the impact of the attentional behaviours of the partner themselves. As the gaze of others has heightened salience for those experiencing social anxiety or autism, addressing this gap can provide insight into how symptoms of these disorders impact coordination. Using a novel virtual reality task, we investigated whether partner gaze (i.e., direct vs. averted) influenced the emergence of interpersonal coordination. Results revealed: (i) spontaneous coordination was diminished in the averted (cf. direct) gaze condition; (ii) spontaneous coordination was positively related to symptoms of social anxiety, but only when partner gaze was averted. This latter finding contrasts the extant literature and points to the importance of social context in shaping the relationship between symptoms of psychopathology and interpersonal coordination.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D007398', 'D055815', 'D005403', 'D001288', 'D000083505', 'D001007', 'D000293', 'D001321']"
38906943,Comparing human text classification performance and explainability with large language and machine learning models using eye-tracking.,"To understand the alignment between reasonings of humans and artificial intelligence (AI) models, this empirical study compared the human text classification performance and explainability with a traditional machine learning (ML) model and large language model (LLM). A domain-specific noisy textual dataset of 204 injury narratives had to be classified into 6 cause-of-injury codes. The narratives varied in terms of complexity and ease of categorization based on the distinctive nature of cause-of-injury code. The user study involved 51 participants whose eye-tracking data was recorded while they performed the text classification task. While the ML model was trained on 120,000 pre-labelled injury narratives, LLM and humans did not receive any specialized training. The explainability of different approaches was compared based on the top words they used for making classification decision. These words were identified using eye-tracking for humans, explainable AI approach LIME for ML model, and prompts for LLM. The classification performance of ML model was observed to be relatively better than zero-shot LLM and non-expert humans, overall, and particularly for narratives with high complexity and difficult categorization. The top-3 predictive words used by ML and LLM for classification agreed with humans to a greater extent as compared to later predictive words.","['D006801', 'D000069550', 'D000084542', 'D007802', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D001185', 'D000328', 'D005133']"
38906567,iVOMS: Instrumented Vestibular / Ocular motor screen in healthy controls and mild traumatic brain injury.,"Objective Vestibular/ocular deficits occur with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The vestibular/ocular motor screening (VOMS) tool is used to assess individuals post-mTBI, which primarily relies upon subjective self-reported symptoms. Instrumenting the VOMS (iVOMS) with technology may allow for more objective assessment post-mTBI, which reflects actual task performance. This study aimed to validate the iVOMS analytically and clinically in mTBI and controls. Methods Seventy-nine people with sub-acute mTBI (<12 weeks post-injury) and forty-four healthy control participants performed the VOMS whilst wearing a mobile eye-tracking on a one-off visit. People with mTBI were included if they were within 12 weeks of a physician diagnosis. Participants were excluded if they had any musculoskeletal, neurological or sensory deficits which could explain dysfunction. A series of custom-made eye tracking algorithms were used to assess recorded eye-movements. Results The iVOMS was analytically valid compared to the reference (ICC2,1 0.85-0.99) in mTBI and controls. The iVOMS outcomes were clinically valid as there were significant differences between groups for convergence, vertical saccades, smooth pursuit, vestibular ocular reflex and visual motion sensitivity outcomes. However, there was no significant relationship between iVOMS outcomes and self-reported symptoms. Conclusion The iVOMS is analytically and clinically valid in mTBI and controls, but further work is required to examine the sensitivity of iVOMS outcomes across the mTBI spectrum. Findings also highlighted that symptom and physiological issue resolution post-mTBI may not coincide and relationships need further examination.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D016022', 'D005133', 'D001924', 'D008875', 'D014722', 'D055815', 'D000084542']"
38905471,Biological encirclage-Traboulsi syndrome.,Traboulsi syndrome is a sporadic autosomal recessive disorder. Very few cases reported and no surgical treatment has been described.,"['D006801', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D014792', 'D000867', 'D013577', 'D007906', 'D013508', 'D013536', 'D007429']"
38905465,Modified technique for repositioning dislocated polymethylmethacrylate intraocular lenses with eyelets.,"The aim of this study is to describe a modified technique for internal refixation of dislocated scleral-sutured polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) intraocular lenses (IOLs) with eyelets. Three-port pars plana vitrectomy was performed. Through the scleral fixation site, a 30-gauge needle loaded with an 8-0 polypropylene suture was inserted into the vitreous cavity. The suture end was passed through the eyelet of IOL with 25-gauge forceps. Next, it was guided out of the eye through the original scleral fixation point. The end of the exterior suture was buried with a flapless intrascleral knotting technique. Six eyes of six patients were successfully treated with this technique and followed up for 6-12 months postsurgery. In all cases, there was significant improvement in uncorrected visual acuity. IOLs were stable with proper centration and no major complications. This modified technique offers an effective and minimally invasive surgical alternative for refixation of dislocated scleral-sutured PMMA IOLs with eyelets.","['D006801', 'D019904', 'D008297', 'D014792', 'D007910', 'D005260', 'D012086', 'D013536', 'D014821', 'D008875', 'D012590', 'D060437', 'D005500', 'D000368', 'D013537', 'D000328']"
38956259,Improved control of Trialeurodes vaporariorum using mixture combinations of entomopathogenic fungi and the chemical insecticide spiromesifen.,"Greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) is a major global pest, causing direct damage to plants and transmitting viral plant diseases. Management of T. vaporariorum is problematic because of widespread pesticide resistance, and many greenhouse growers rely on biological control agents to regulate T. vaporariorum populations. However, these are often slow and vary in efficacy, leading to subsequent application of chemical insecticides when pest populations exceed threshold levels. Combining chemical and biological pesticides has great potential but can result in different outcomes, from positive to negative interactions. In this study, we evaluated co-applications of the entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) Beauveria bassiana and Cordyceps farinosa and the chemical insecticide spiromesifen in laboratory bioassays. Complex interactions between the EPFs and insecticide were described using an ecotoxicological mixtures model, the MixTox analysis. Depending on the EPF and chemical concentrations applied, mixtures resulted in additivity, synergism, or antagonism in terms of total whitefly mortality. Combinations of B. bassiana and spiromesifen, compared to single treatments, increased the rate of kill by 5 days. Results indicate the potential for combined applications of EPF and spiromesifen as an effective integrated pest management strategy and demonstrate the applicability of the MixTox model to describe complex mixture interactions.","['D000818', 'D006430', 'D007306', 'D052982', 'D010572', 'D032661', 'D013141']"
38954615,Hyperpigmented Macules and Patches on the Face: Exogenous Ochronosis or Lichen Planus Pigmentosus?,"We present a case of a patient with a 10-year history of blue-black macules and patches on the face and an associated history of skin-lightening cream usage. The skin lightening cream contained hydroquinone, which is often associated with exogenous ochronosis (EO). Interestingly, the biopsy did not show characteristic findings of ochronosis, confusing the final diagnosis, however discontinuing the skin-lightening creams halted the progression of the patient's skin lesions supporting a diagnosis of EO. EO presents as asymptomatic hyperpigmentation after using products containing hydroquinone. This condition is most common in Black populations, likely due to the increased use of skin care products and bleaching cream containing hydroquinone in these populations. Topical hydroquinone is FDA-approved to treat melasma, chloasma, freckles, senile lentigines, and hyperpigmentation and is available by prescription only in the US and Canada. However, with the increased use of skin-lightening creams in certain populations, it is important for dermatologists to accurately recognize the clinical features of exogenous ochronosis to differentiate it from similar dermatoses. An earlier diagnosis can prevent the progression to severe presentations with papules and nodules. We summarize the clinical presentations diagnostic features, and treatment pearls, concluding with a discussion of the differential diagnoses.&nbsp; J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(7):567-568.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; doi:10.36849/JDD.8248.","['D006801', 'D009794', 'D017495', 'D006873', 'D003937', 'D008010', 'D005260', 'D062327', 'D005148', 'D008875', 'D063465']"
38954040,Overview of deltamethrin residues and toxic effects in the global environment.,"Pyrethroids are synthetic organic insecticides. Deltamethrin, as one of the pyrethroids, has high insecticidal activity against pests and parasites and is less toxic to mammals, and is widely used in cities and urban areas worldwide. After entering the natural environment, deltamethrin circulates between solid, liquid and gas phases and enters organisms through the food chain, posing significant health risks. Increasing evidence has shown that deltamethrin has varying degrees of toxicity to a variety of organisms. This review summarized worldwide studies of deltamethrin residues in different media and found that deltamethrin is widely detected in a range of environments (including soil, water, sediment, and air) and organisms. In addition, the metabolism of deltamethrin, including metabolites and enzymes, was discussed. This review shed the mechanism of toxicity of deltamethrin and its metabolites, including neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, endocrine disruption toxicity, reproductive toxicity, hepatorenal toxicity. This review is aim to provide reference for the ecological security and human health risk assessment of deltamethrin.","['D011722', 'D009570', 'D007306', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D010573', 'D018570', 'D004785']"
38952764,Effectiveness of two scrub methods with different chlorhexidine combinations for surgical field antisepsis in cats.,Assessing effectiveness of circular (CM) and linear (LM) scrub methods using 3 different combinations of chlorhexidine in surgical field antisepsis in cats.,"['D000818', 'D002710', 'D002415', 'D005260', 'D000891', 'D013530', 'D010052', 'D000985']"
38953687,[Not Available].,"This case report describes laryngeal oedema occurring in a 35-year-old woman with chronic bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome, and stenosis of the left main bronchus. The oedema was attributed to persistent cough exacerbated by delayed treatment and intubation-related irritation. Evaluations ruled out inflammatory, autoimmune, and malignant causes. Literature lacks on specific descriptions of cough-induced laryngeal oedema, emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach and early intervention in complex cases to prevent severe hospitalizations in patients with known serious conditions and symptom exacerbation.","['D006801', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D003371', 'D007819', 'D012121', 'D007442']"
38951092,[Vertigo and dizziness in child: a clinical analysis in 120 cases].,"Objective: To investigate the disease composition, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment characteristics of vertigo in children. Methods: A total of 120 children with vertigo diagnosed and treated in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics in Beijing from February 2018 to February 2022 were retrospectively analyzed to explore the clinical characteristics of common peripheral vertigo in children and to summarize the experience of diagnosis and treatment. Results: The etiological composition of 120 cases of vertigo in children are as follows: 63 (52.5%) cases of vestibular migraine of childhood (VMC), 19 (15.8%) of recurrent vertigo of childhood (RVC), 11 (9.2%) of probable vestibular migraine of childhood (PVMC), 10 (8.3%) of secretory otitis media (SOM), 6 (5.0%) of persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD), 4 (3.3%) of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), 2 (1.7%) of vestibular neuritis (VN), 2 (1.7%) of Meniere's disease (MD), 2 (1.7%) of inner ear malformation (IEM), and 1 (0.8%) of vestibular paroxysmal syndrome (VP).The major cause of vertigo in children of different ages was different. SOM was the most important cause in preschool children, followed by RVC and VMC; VMC was the most important cause in school-age children, followed by RVC; and MD and BPPV were exclusive found in adolescents. The incidence rate of PPPD was higher in adolescents than in preschool and school-age children. Children with vertigo had good prognosis in general. Conclusions: VMC, RVC and SOM are the most common causes in vertigo in children, and their proportion was different in different aged children. Transforming abstract feelings into specific information is the skill required for collecting medical history of children with vertigo. Considering the age and cooperation of children, appropriate hearing and vestibular examination techniques are recommended. We should pay more attention to the mental health of children with vertigo and their parents.","['D006801', 'D014717', 'D002648', 'D012189', 'D004244', 'D065635', 'D008881', 'D008575', 'D020338', 'D000293', 'D005260', 'D002675', 'D008297']"
38950141,"Self-reported hearing loss in urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults: unmeasured, unknown and unmanaged.","Background Effective management of hearing loss in adults is fundamental for communication, relationships, employment, and learning. This study examined the rates and management of self-reported hearing loss in urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults. Methods A retrospective, observational study of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged ≥15years who had annual health checks at an urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander primary healthcare clinic in Inala, Queensland, was conducted to determine self-reported hearing loss rates by age and ethnic groups stratified by sex. A medical record audit of patients who self-reported hearing loss from January to June 2021 was performed to identify current management approaches, and the proportion of patients that were appropriately managed. Results Of the 1735 patients (average age 40.7years, range 15.0-88.5years, 900 [52.0%] women) who completed 3090 health checks between July 2018 and September 2021, 18.8% self-reported hearing loss. Rates did not differ between men and women. However, significant effects were noted for age, with rates increasing from 10.7% for patients aged 15-24years to 38.7% for those aged ≥65years. An audit of 73 patient medical records revealed that 39.7% of patients with self-reported hearing loss were referred to Ear, Nose and Throat/audiology or received other management. A total of 17.8% of patients owned hearing aids. Conclusions Only 40% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults who self-reported hearing loss were referred for management. Significant changes to clinical management and government-funded referral options for hearing services are required to improve the management of self-reported hearing loss in this population.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D044468', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D012189', 'D000368', 'D000293', 'D057566', 'D011793', 'D034381', 'D055815', 'D000369', 'D014505', 'D000095283']"
38948293,[Examination of the Thermal Stability and Swallowing Safety of a Self-Developed Enteral Nutrition Thickening Agent].,To experimentally validate the effects of a self-developed heat-stable thickening agent on the textual characteristics of enteral nutrition solutions of standard concentration and its applicability in improving dysphagia.,"['D000818', 'D051381', 'D003680', 'D004750', 'D017207', 'D003679', 'D008297', 'D008168', 'D006358', 'D014783']"
38947108,Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins 3 and 5 Potentially Delineate Polarization of Th cells in Chronic Rhinosinusitis.,"Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory condition classified into chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Th cells manage inflammatory cells in CRS. Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) proteins regulate Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway in Th cells by polarizing toward Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells. This study evaluated the levels of SOCS1,3,5 in CRS patients to find associations with Th cells. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 20 CRSwNP patients, 12 CRSsNP patients, and 12 controls participated. The infiltration of CD4+ T cells was determined using immunohistochemistry. The expression of specific transcription factors and SOCS proteins was assessed using real-time PCR. Cytokine levels were evaluated using ELISA. SOCS protein levels were investigated using western blot analysis. Results: The expression of SOCS3 increased in the CRSwNP group compared to CRSsNP and control groups (p <0.001). SOCS3 protein levels increased in the CRSwNP group compared to CRSsNP (p <0.05) and control (p <0.001) groups. Although there was a significant difference in SOCS5 expression between CRSsNP and control groups, SOCS5 protein levels were significantly different between CRSsNP and control (p <0.001) and CRSwNP (p <0.05) groups. Conclusions: Targeted therapies may be suggested for CRS by modulating SOCS3 and SOCS5 proteins that are responsible for polarization of Th cells toward Th2 or Th1 cells, respectively. JAK-STAT pathway targeting, which encompasses numerous cells, can be limited to SOCS proteins to more effectively orchestrate Th cell differentiation.","['D006801', 'D012852', 'D050826', 'D002908', 'D008297', 'D000071223', 'D012220', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D006377', 'D003430', 'D009298', 'D016207', 'D000071222', 'D015398', 'D000096825']"
38943082,The genomic landscape of Ménière's disease: a path to endolymphatic hydrops.,"Ménière's disease (MD) is a disorder of the inner ear that causes episodic bouts of severe dizziness, roaring tinnitus, and fluctuating hearing loss. To date, no targeted therapy exists. As such, we have undertaken a large whole genome sequencing study on carefully phenotyped unilateral MD patients with the goal of gene/pathway discovery and a move towards targeted intervention. This study was a retrospective review of patients with a history of Ménière's disease. Genomic DNA, acquired from saliva samples, was purified and subjected to whole genome sequencing.","['D008575', 'D006801', 'D018159', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D023281', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D000073336', 'D008875', 'D000328']"
38942925,Bidirectional causality between idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and depression: a Mendelian randomization study.,"Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (ISSHL) is a sudden onset, unexplained sensorineural hearing loss. Depression is a common mental disorder and a leading cause of disability. Here, We used a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach using pooled statistics from genome-wide association studies of ISSHL (1491 cases, 196,592 controls) and depression (23,424 cases, 192,220 controls) in European populations. This study investigated the bidirectional relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with depression and ISSHL using inverse variance weighting.Additional sensitivity analyses, such as Mendelian randomization-Egger (MR-Egger), weighted median estimates, and leave-one-out analysis, were performed to assess the reliability of the findings. Significant causal association between genetic susceptibility to ISSHL and depression in a random-effects IVW approach (OR = 1.037, 95% CI = 1.004-1.072, P = 0.030). In contrast, genetic depression was not risk factors for ISSHL (OR = 1.134, 95% CI = 0.871-1.475, P = 0.350). After validation by different MR methods and the sensitivity analysis, all of the above results are consistent. The evidence we have gathered suggests a causal relationship between ISSHL and depression. The presence of the former induces or further exacerbates the latter, whereas a similar situation does not exist when the latter is an influencing factor.","['D006801', 'D057182', 'D020641', 'D006319', 'D020022', 'D055106', 'D003863', 'D003639', 'D012307']"
38941395,Clinical effectiveness of focused ultrasound combined with plasma radiofrequency ablation technique in the treatment of persistent strain rhinitis.,"Examine the effects of focused ultrasound in combination with plasma radiofrequency ablation technology on the physiological stability and postoperative recovery of persistent strain rhinitis. For a control experiment, 90 patients with persistent strain rhinitis were chosen and split into two groups: the control group (CG) and the experimental group (EG). The CG used conventional radiofrequency ablation technology, while the EG used focused ultrasound technology combined with radiofrequency ablation technology to treat persistent strain rhinitis. Between the EG and the CG, compare and contrast the recovery of nasal symptoms, nasal signs, postoperative discomfort, and postoperative respiratory status. One quarter after surgery, there was a substantial difference in physical sign ratings between the EG and the CG, and a particularly significant difference was seen after six months of treatment. One year following surgery, there was a statistical difference between the EG and the CG in the comparison of effective rates at various intervals, with a P value of .013. At 6 months following surgery, the MTT times in the EG and CG for the comparison of nasal function were 12.63 2.65 and 17.68 2.84, respectively, with statistically significant differences. The difference between the EG and the CG in the MTR comparison is statistically significant. In the comparison of NNO values between the EG and the CG after different treatment times. The nitric oxide value of the EG patients decreased over time, with statistical significance one month after surgery and one year after surgery. It is evident from the comparison of various symptom efficacy rates that the EG has a higher treatment effectiveness rate than the CG, and the total treatment effect difference following surgery has statistical significance. Indicators for PONV, PA, directional ability, respiratory recovery, and olfactory recovery performed better in the EG than in the CG, and the differences were statistically significant. Focused ultrasound and plasma radiofrequency ablation technology have a good therapeutic impact in the treatment of persistent strain rhinitis and can significantly reduce MTT. This technology can effectively improve symptoms such as nasal congestion, nasal flow, and headache in patients, and the therapeutic effect is long-lasting. The hospitalization time after treatment is significantly shortened.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000078703', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D012220', 'D016896', 'D003131', 'D014464']"
38936919,Clinical Aspects of Chronic Idiopathic Postnasal Drip: An Entity Not to Be Overlooked.,"Postnasal drip may be related to several diseases, but not all patients are clearly diagnosed. Patients with chronic, idiopathic postnasal drip symptoms are easily overlooked, and their clinical features are yet to be identified. This study aimed to analyze the clinical features and response to first generation antihistamine-decongestant therapy in patients with chronic idiopathic postnasal drip, suggesting it as a distinct entity.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D002908', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D006633', 'D014663', 'D012189', 'D012220', 'D016896']"
38936904,Newborn Hearing Screening - An Implementation Analysis.,"Hearing impairment affects a small but significant percentage of newborns (0.1-0.4%). Newborn hearing screening (NHS) is recommended for early detection and treatment. The implementation of NHS can vary among countries. In this study, we present the methodology, organization, and technical requirements of NHS. This study analyzed results from a tertiary hospital, identified issues, and proposed solutions.","['D006801', 'D007231', 'D015997', 'D006320', 'D034381', 'D005260', 'D008297']"
38935589,From hidden hearing loss to supranormal auditory processing by neurotrophin 3-mediated modulation of inner hair cell synapse density.,"Loss of synapses between spiral ganglion neurons and inner hair cells (IHC synaptopathy) leads to an auditory neuropathy called hidden hearing loss (HHL) characterized by normal auditory thresholds but reduced amplitude of sound-evoked auditory potentials. It has been proposed that synaptopathy and HHL result in poor performance in challenging hearing tasks despite a normal audiogram. However, this has only been tested in animals after exposure to noise or ototoxic drugs, which can cause deficits beyond synaptopathy. Furthermore, the impact of supernumerary synapses on auditory processing has not been evaluated. Here, we studied mice in which IHC synapse counts were increased or decreased by altering neurotrophin 3 (Ntf3) expression in IHC supporting cells. As we previously showed, postnatal Ntf3 knockdown or overexpression reduces or increases, respectively, IHC synapse density and suprathreshold amplitude of sound-evoked auditory potentials without changing cochlear thresholds. We now show that IHC synapse density does not influence the magnitude of the acoustic startle reflex or its prepulse inhibition. In contrast, gap-prepulse inhibition, a behavioral test for auditory temporal processing, is reduced or enhanced according to Ntf3 expression levels. These results indicate that IHC synaptopathy causes temporal processing deficits predicted in HHL. Furthermore, the improvement in temporal acuity achieved by increasing Ntf3 expression and synapse density suggests a therapeutic strategy for improving hearing in noise for individuals with synaptopathy of various etiologies.","['D000818', 'D006199', 'D013569', 'D020933', 'D051379', 'D001309', 'D005072', 'D013216', 'D001307', 'D013136', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000097942']"
38932660,"Ten years of ear, nose and throat (ENT) services in Southern Africa: a scoping review.","While ear, nose, and throat (ENT) diseases are a substantial threat to global health, comprehensive reviews of ENT services in Southern Africa remain scarce.","['D006801', 'D000353', 'D010038', 'D010036', 'D003695', 'D006297']"
38932592,"A Retrospective Cohort Study on the Comorbidity in 19,264 Chinese Patients of Different Ages with Urticaria.","To examine the prevalence of comorbidities in Chinese urticaria patients and assess medication use patterns across different ages (6-11 years, 12-17 years, above 18 years), a retrospective cohort study was performed in 192,647 urticaria patients within the Health Database. After 1:1 propensity score matching, 166,921 people were divided into the urticaria group and the control group, and the follow-up data were collected within 2 years. During the 12-month and 24-month follow-up period, significant comorbidities identified included allergic rhinitis and asthma, with distinct patterns observed across age groups. Chronic urticaria patients often have complications, such as allergic rhinitis, upper respiratory infection, oropharyngeal infection, and dental caries. The study underscores the need for age-specific treatment strategies in urticaria management.","['D006801', 'D012189', 'D002648', 'D008297', 'D000293', 'D005260', 'D002681', 'D015897', 'D015995', 'D000367', 'D055815', 'D000080223', 'D000328', 'D065631', 'D013997', 'D014581', 'D012307', 'D057216', 'D008875', 'D016208', 'D001249', 'D000095225']"
38931672,Postural Sway Velocity of Deaf Children with and without Vestibular Dysfunction.,"Sensory information obtained from the visual, somatosensory, and vestibular systems is responsible for regulating postural control, and if damage occurs in one or more of these sensory systems, postural control may be altered.","['D006801', 'D002648', 'D004856', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D003430', 'D015837', 'D006319', 'D003638']"
38929549,Single-Center Experience in Microsurgical Resection of Acoustic Neurinomas and the Benefit of Microscope-Based Augmented Reality.,"Background and Objectives: Microsurgical resection with intraoperative neuromonitoring is the gold standard for acoustic neurinomas (ANs) which are classified as T3 or T4 tumors according to the Hannover Classification. Microscope-based augmented reality (AR) can be beneficial in cerebellopontine angle and lateral skull base surgery, since these are small areas packed with anatomical structures and the use of this technology enables automatic 3D building of a model without the need for a surgeon to mentally perform this task of transferring 2D images seen on the microscope into imaginary 3D images, which then reduces the possibility of error and provides better orientation in the operative field. Materials and Methods: All patients who underwent surgery for resection of ANs in our department were included in this study. Clinical outcomes in terms of postoperative neurological deficits and complications were evaluated, as well as neuroradiological outcomes for tumor remnants and recurrence. Results: A total of 43 consecutive patients (25 female, median age 60.5 ± 16 years) who underwent resection of ANs via retrosigmoid osteoclastic craniotomy with the use of intraoperative neuromonitoring (22 right-sided, 14 giant tumors, 10 cystic, 7 with hydrocephalus) by a single surgeon were included in this study, with a median follow up of 41.2 ± 32.2 months. A total of 18 patients underwent subtotal resection, 1 patient partial resection and 24 patients gross total resection. A total of 27 patients underwent resection in sitting position and the rest in semi-sitting position. Out of 37 patients who had no facial nerve deficit prior to surgery, 19 patients were intact following surgery, 7 patients had House Brackmann (HB) Grade II paresis, 3 patients HB III, 7 patients HB IV and 1 patient HB V. Wound healing deficit with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurred in 8 patients (18.6%). Operative time was 317.3 ± 99 min. One patient which had recurrence and one further patient with partial resection underwent radiotherapy following surgery. A total of 16 patients (37.2%) underwent resection using fiducial-based navigation and microscope-based AR, all in sitting position. Segmented objects of interest in AR were the sigmoid and transverse sinus, tumor outline, cranial nerves (CN) VII, VIII and V, petrous vein, cochlea and semicircular canals and brain stem. Operative time and clinical outcome did not differ between the AR and the non-AR group. However, use of AR improved orientation in the operative field for craniotomy planning and microsurgical resection by identification of important neurovascular structures. Conclusions: The single-center experience of resection of ANs showed a high rate of gross total (GTR) and subtotal resection (STR) with low recurrence. Use of AR improves intraoperative orientation and facilitates craniotomy planning and AN resection through early improved identification of important anatomical relations to structures of the inner auditory canal, venous sinuses, petrous vein, brain stem and the course of cranial nerves.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D008297', 'D008866', 'D009464', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D000081411', 'D019635', 'D008853', 'D016896', 'D021621']"
38929462,Manual Therapy of Dysphagia in a Patient with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Case Report.,"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable rare neurodegenerative condition, with 45% of cases showing the symptom of dysphagia; its clinical signs are atrophy, weakness, and fasciculations of the facial muscles, tongue, and pharynx. Furthermore, dysphagia is the main cause of aspiration pneumonia. The traditional treatment for dysphagia varies based on the patient's difficulty of swallowing. The initial phase consists of dietary consistency adjustments, progressing to alternatives like nasogastric tubes or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) in advanced stages. Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is a complementary 'hands-on' approach that has already shown positive results as an add-on therapy in various health conditions. This study is a case report of a man diagnosed with ALS with initial dysphagia, managed with a protocol that extraordinarily included OMT. The patient showed somatic dysfunctions in the mediastinal region, upper cervical region, and occipital area which are all anatomically related to the nervous system, especially the glossopharyngeal reflex. At the end of the rehabilitation protocol, there was a reduction in the swallowing problems measured with Strand Scale and swallowing tests, and the patient reported an improved psycho-physical well-being assessed with the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Assessment Questionnaire (ALSAQ-40). Instead, the neurological function measured with ALSFRS-S remained stable. Although the nature of this study design prevents any causal assumption, the positive results should lead to future randomized controlled trials to assess the effectiveness of OMT as an adjunctive therapeutic proposal to improve the health of ALS patients.","['D006801', 'D000690', 'D008297', 'D003680', 'D008875', 'D026301', 'D016896']"
38928921,Predictive Factors Associated with Future Decline in Swallowing Function among Japanese Older People Aged ≥ 75 Years.,"Predictive factors associated with a decline in swallowing function after 2 years were examined in 3409 Japanese older people aged ≥ 75 years who had undergone a dental checkup in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. Participants with normal swallowing function in a baseline survey in April 2018 were followed for 2 years. Swallowing function was assessed using a repetitive saliva swallowing test. In our study, 429 participants (13%) who were swallowing less than three times in 30 s based on a repetitive saliva swallowing test after 2 years were diagnosed as those with decline in swallowing function. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed the decline in swallowing function after 2 years was associated with the male gender (odds ratio [ORs]: 0.772; 95% confidence interval [CIs]: 0.615-0.969), age ≥ 81 years (presence; ORs: 1.523; 95% CIs: 1.224-1.895), support/care-need certification (presence; ORs: 1.815; 95% CIs: 1.361-2.394), periodontal pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 4 mm (presence; ORs: 1.469; 95% CIs: 1.163-1.856), difficulty in biting hard food (yes; ORs: 1.439; 95% CIs: 1.145-1.808), choking on tea and water (yes; ORs: 2.543; 95% CIs: 2.025-3.193), and dry mouth (yes; ORs: 1.316; 95% CIs: 1.052-1.646) at baseline. Therefore, the dental checkup items associated with a decline in swallowing function after 2 years were a PPD ≥ 4 mm, difficulty in biting hard food, choking on tea and water, and dry mouth. PPD status and confirming to the self-administered questionnaire about biting, choking, and dry mouth may be useful in predicting future decline in swallowing function.","['D006801', 'D000368', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D007564', 'D000369', 'D003679', 'D003680', 'D012307', 'D000095225']"
38928480,The miR-182-5p/GPX4 Pathway Contributes to Sevoflurane-Induced Ototoxicity via Ferroptosis.,"Our study aimed to investigate the role of ferroptosis in sevoflurane-induced hearing impairment and explore the mechanism of the microRNA-182-5p (miR-182-5p)/Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4) pathway in sevoflurane-induced ototoxicity. Immunofluorescence staining was performed using myosin 7a and CtBP2. Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 kit. Fe2+ concentration was measured using FerroOrange and Mi-to-FerroGreen fluorescent probes. The lipid peroxide level was assessed using BODIPY 581/591 C11 and MitoSOX fluorescent probes. The auditory brainstem response (ABR) test was conducted to evaluate the hearing status. Bioinformatics tools and dual luciferase gene reporter analysis were used to confirm the direct targeting of miR-182-5p on GPX4 mRNA. GPX4 and miR-182-5p expression in cells was assessed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) pretreatment significantly improved hearing impairment and damage to ribbon synapses in mice caused by sevoflurane exposure. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that Fer-1 pretreatment reduced intracellular and mitochondrial iron overload, as well as lipid peroxide accumulation. Our findings indicated that miR-182-5p was upregulated in sevoflurane-exposed HEI-OC1 cells, and miR-182-5p regulated GPX4 expression by binding to the 3'UTR of GPX4 mRNA. The inhibition of miR-182-5p attenuated sevoflurane-induced iron overload and lipid peroxide accumulation. Our study elucidated that the miR-182-5p/GPX4 pathway was implicated in sevoflurane-induced ototoxicity by promoting ferroptosis.","['D000079403', 'D035683', 'D000077149', 'D000080662', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D000081015', 'D015398', 'D002460', 'D008297', 'D034381', 'D008810', 'D010655', 'D003514']"
38928264,NF2-Related Schwannomatosis (NF2): Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Avenues.,"NF2-related schwannomatosis (NF2) is a genetic syndrome characterized by the growth of benign tumors in the nervous system, particularly bilateral vestibular schwannomas, meningiomas, and ependymomas. This review consolidates the current knowledge on NF2 syndrome, emphasizing the molecular pathology associated with the mutations in the gene of the same name, the NF2 gene, and the subsequent dysfunction of its product, the Merlin protein. Merlin, a tumor suppressor, integrates multiple signaling pathways that regulate cell contact, proliferation, and motility, thereby influencing tumor growth. The loss of Merlin disrupts these pathways, leading to tumorigenesis. We discuss the roles of another two proteins potentially associated with NF2 deficiency as well as Merlin: Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP), which may promote tumor growth, and Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP), which appears to suppress tumor development. Additionally, this review discusses the efficacy of various treatments, such as molecular therapies that target specific pathways or inhibit neomorphic protein-protein interaction caused by NF2 deficiency. This overview not only expands on the fundamental understanding of NF2 pathophysiology but also explores the potential of novel therapeutic targets that affect the clinical approach to NF2 syndrome.","['D006801', 'D017253', 'D025581', 'D009442', 'D012878', 'D000818', 'D016518', 'D009154', 'D015398', 'D058990']"
38928223,Methylation-Based Characterization of a New IDH2 Mutation in Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma.,"Mutations affecting codon 172 of the isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) gene define a subgroup of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinomas (SNUCs) with a relatively favorable prognosis and a globally hypermethylated phenotype. They are also recurrent (along with IDH1 mutations) in gliomas, acute myeloid leukemia, and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Commonly reported mutations, all associated with aberrant IDH2 enzymatic activity, include R172K, R172S, R172T, R172G, and R172M. We present a case of SNUC with a never-before-described IDH2 mutation, R172A. Our report compares the methylation pattern of our sample to other cases from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Hierarchical clustering suggests a strong association between our sample and other IDH-mutant SNUCs and a clear distinction between sinonasal normal tissues and tumors. Principal component analysis (PCA), using 100 principal components explaining 94.5% of the variance, showed the position of our sample to be within 1.02 standard deviation of the other IDH-mutant SNUCs. A molecular modeling analysis of the IDH2 R172A versus other R172 variants provides a structural explanation to how they affect the protein active site. Our findings thus suggest that the R172A mutation in IDH2 confers a gain of function similar to other R172 mutations in IDH2, resulting in a similar hypermethylated profile.","['D006801', 'D007521', 'D019175', 'D002277', 'D009154', 'D008444', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D000368']"
38928218,Non-Specific Lipid Transfer Protein Amb a 6 Is a Source-Specific Important Allergenic Molecule in Ragweed Pollen.,"Pollen from common ragweed is an important allergen source worldwide and especially in western and southern Romania. More than 100 million patients suffer from symptoms of respiratory allergy (e.g., rhinitis, asthma) to ragweed pollen. Among the eleven characterized allergens, Amb a 6 is a non-specific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP). nsLTPs are structurally stable proteins in pollen and food from different unrelated plants capable of inducing severe reactions. The goal of this study was to produce Amb a 6 as a recombinant and structurally folded protein (rAmb a 6) and to characterize its physicochemical and immunological features. rAmb a 6 was expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells as a secreted protein and characterized by mass spectrometry and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy regarding molecular mass and fold, respectively. The IgE-binding frequency towards the purified protein was evaluated using sera from 150 clinically well-characterized ragweed-allergic patients. The allergenic activities of rAmb a 6 and the nsLTP from the weed Parietaria judaica (Par j 2) were evaluated in basophil activation assays. rAmb a 6-specific IgE reactivity was associated with clinical features. Pure rAmb a 6 was obtained by insect cell expression. Its deduced molecular weight corresponded to that determined by mass spectrometry (i.e., 10,963 Da). rAmb a 6 formed oligomers as determined by SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions. According to multiple sequence comparisons, Amb a 6 was a distinct nsLTP with less than 40% sequence identity to currently known plant nsLTP allergens, except for nsLTP from Helianthus (i.e., 52%). rAmb a 6 is an important ragweed allergen recognized by 30% of ragweed pollen allergic patients. For certain patients, rAmb a 6-specific IgE levels were higher than those specific for the major ragweed allergen Amb a 1 and analysis also showed a higher allergenic activity in the basophil activation test. rAmb a 6-positive patients suffered mainly from respiratory symptoms. The assumption that Amb a 6 is a source-specific ragweed allergen is supported by the finding that none of the patients showing rAmb a 6-induced basophil activation reacted with Par j 2 and only one rAmb a 6-sensitized patient had a history of plant food allergy. Immunization of rabbits with rAmb a 6 induced IgG antibodies which strongly inhibited IgE binding to rAmb a 6. Our results demonstrate that Amb a 6 is an important source-specific ragweed pollen allergen that should be considered for diagnosis and allergen-specific immunotherapy of ragweed pollen allergy.","['D006801', 'D000485', 'D007073', 'D052179', 'D000818', 'D002352', 'D010940', 'D005260', 'D006255', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D031164', 'D018411', 'D011994', 'D000595', 'D061987', 'D008875', 'D010936']"
38928015,ERK1/2 Inhibition via the Oral Administration of Tizaterkib Alleviates Noise-Induced Hearing Loss While Tempering down the Immune Response.,"Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a major cause of hearing impairment and is linked to dementia and mental health conditions, yet no FDA-approved drugs exist to prevent it. Downregulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cellular pathway has emerged as a promising approach to attenuate NIHL, but the molecular targets and the mechanism of protection are not fully understood. Here, we tested specifically the role of the kinases ERK1/2 in noise otoprotection using a newly developed, highly specific ERK1/2 inhibitor, tizaterkib, in preclinical animal models. Tizaterkib is currently being tested in phase 1 clinical trials for cancer treatment and has high oral bioavailability and low predicted systemic toxicity in mice and humans. In this study, we performed dose-response measurements of tizaterkib's efficacy against permanent NIHL in adult FVB/NJ mice, and its minimum effective dose (0.5 mg/kg/bw), therapeutic index (>50), and window of opportunity (<48 h) were determined. The drug, administered orally twice daily for 3 days, 24 h after 2 h of 100 dB or 106 dB SPL noise exposure, at a dose equivalent to what is prescribed currently for humans in clinical trials, conferred an average protection of 20-25 dB SPL in both female and male mice. The drug shielded mice from the noise-induced synaptic damage which occurs following loud noise exposure. Equally interesting, tizaterkib was shown to decrease the number of CD45- and CD68-positive immune cells in the mouse cochlea following noise exposure. This study suggests that repurposing tizaterkib and the ERK1/2 kinases' inhibition could be a promising strategy for the treatment of NIHL.","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D000284', 'D006317', 'D008297', 'D047428', 'D020935', 'D005260', 'D004195', 'D003051']"
38927613,Contiguous Gene Syndromes and Hearing Loss: A Clinical Report of Xq21 Deletion and Comprehensive Literature Review.,"Given the crucial role of the personalized management and treatment of hearing loss (HL), etiological investigations are performed early on, and genetic analysis significantly contributes to the determination of most syndromic and nonsyndromic HL cases. Knowing hundreds of syndromic associations with HL, little comprehensive data about HL in genomic disorders due to microdeletion or microduplications of contiguous genes is available. Together with the description of a new patient with a novel 3.7 Mb deletion of the Xq21 critical locus, we propose an unreported literature review about clinical findings in patients and their family members with Xq21 deletion syndrome. We finally propose a comprehensive review of HL in contiguous gene syndromes in order to confirm the role of cytogenomic microarray analysis to investigate the etiology of unexplained HL.","['D006801', 'D002872', 'D041321', 'D034381', 'D008297', 'D013577', 'D005260', 'D010375']"
38926120,Endoscopically managed giant frontoethmoidal osteoma with orbital extension.,"A patient in his 20s presented with a change in the appearance of his left eye with evidence of relative afferent pupillary defect. Imaging revealed a giant frontoethmoidal osteoma, a benign sinonasal tumour, invading three-quarters of the orbit. Multidisciplinary discussion involving opthalmology, maxillofacial surgery, neurosurgery and otolaryngology resulted in the decision to attempt entirely endoscopic excision of this lesion, which was performed with successful outcomes. This case demonstrates how a sinonasal osteoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis for a patient presenting with proptosis or other eye signs suggestive of compression of the orbital compartment. This case report and literature review highlights the possibility of managing giant sinonasal osteomas with orbital extension through a completely endoscopic approach.","['D006801', 'D010016', 'D008297', 'D004724', 'D010255', 'D005004', 'D009918', 'D005005', 'D009915', 'D005626', 'D014057', 'D055815', 'D005094', 'D003937', 'D000328']"
38926112,Changing Characteristics of Treg/Th17 Cells in the Nasal Mucosa of a Mouse Model of Allergic Rhinitis and the Effect of Intervention with Anti-IL-17 Antibody.,"The incidence rate of allergic rhinitis (AR) is on the rise, which seriously affects the quality of life, work efficiency, mental state of patients, and sleeping in AR sleep. This experiment aimed to investigate the changes in Treg/Th17 cells in the nasal mucosa of an AR mouse model and the intervention effect of an Anti-IL-17 antibody.","['D000818', 'D050378', 'D009297', 'D065631', 'D058504', 'D051379', 'D004195', 'D020381', 'D008807', 'D005260', 'D010047', 'D053773', 'D016753', 'D000906']"
38926107,Exosome-Mediated Transfer of ALDH2 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells Confers Increased Resistance to Paclitaxel Treatment.,"Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive and highly metastatic malignant tumor. Despite recent therapeutic advances, resistance to Taxol (the generic name of paclitaxel) therapy remains a major challenge in clinical management. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the potential mechanisms of paclitaxel resistance in NPC. This study aimed to investigate the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in NPC cells and its critical role in paclitaxel resistance.","['D006801', 'D017239', 'D055354', 'D019008', 'D000071396', 'D000077274', 'D045744', 'D009303', 'D015972']"
38925137,[Differential diagnosis to malignant neoplasia: Nasopharyngeal mass in a cat with nasal cryptococcosis in Germany].,"A 2-year-old Norwegian Forest cat was presented for evaluation of bilateral purulent nasal discharge and stertorous breathing. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the head revealed an intranasal mass of the left nasal cavity extending behind the tube openings and completely obstructing the nasopharynx. Rhinoscopy confirmed a pinkish, shiny mass. CT scan showed both compartments of the right middle ear filled with abnormal soft tissue attenuating material. There was no change in the bony outline of the middle ear. In the endoscopic examination, after endoscopically assisted tympanocentesis, this material in the accessible dorsolateral compartment proved to be classic polypous tissue in addition to highly viscous glue-like secretions. A secondary otitis media due to a drainage disorder was suspected.Using an endoscopic-interventional approach through the nostril, the nasopharyngeal mass was removed for histopathological examination, in order to restore the nasal airway, and to allow tube drainage. In contrast to cats with classical malignant nasal cavity masses, the cat showed several attachment points of the mass and multiple undulating elevations bilaterally in the nasopharyngeal mucosa.Cytological and histopathological examination identified the mass as a fungal granuloma in the context of a cryptococcus infection only rarely observed in Germany. Molecular genetic analysis confirmed an infection with Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii.A single intranasal and nasopharyngeal endoscopic debridement resulted in a significant improvement of the clinical signs and a complete healing of the right middle ear (including the tympanic membrane) within 14 days, but not in a complete cure of the disease. The cat was therefore treated with oral itraconazole solution for several weeks.The case report shows that nasal cryptococcosis can also affect cats in Germany. Rhinoscopy reveals a nasopharyngeal mass with multiple attachment points, which is unusual for a neoplasia. In addition to the recommended removal of the mass, oral administration of systemic antimycotics is strongly advised.","['D000818', 'D002415', 'D002371', 'D003453', 'D003937', 'D009303', 'D005858', 'D014057', 'D009302']"
38925135,Imaging findings in otitis media and resulting secondary lesions in dogs and cats - an image essay.,"Over the past 2 decades, the increasing availability of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as the growing professional expertise have significantly improved the diagnostics of middle and inner ear diseases in dogs and cats. In answering some of the diagnostic questions, CT and MRT demonstrate equivalent performance. For most questions, however, there are differences in the diagnostic performance due to the physical imaging properties of the 2 modalities.CT is more sensitive in demonstrating involvement of the bulla wall and is more effective for detecting abnormal content within the tympanic bulla. In addition, with CT it is often easier to guide tissue samplings. On the other hand, structural changes of the soft tissues of the skull, head, meninges, brain, and nerves are not or only insufficiently detectable on CT images. MRI is clearly superior here. Therefore, MRI is essential for the characterization of materials inside the bulla cavity and for demonstrating the extent of any central spread of otitis media (OM).In this image essay, CT and MRI features of OM and resulting secondary lesions described in the literature are analyzed and summarized. Own image examples are used for illustration. Information on the etiology, pathogenesis, pathomorphology, and clinical signs important for understanding these changes are presented in concise descriptions.","['D002415', 'D000818', 'D004285', 'D010033', 'D002371', 'D004283', 'D008279', 'D014057']"
38925134,Secondary secretory otitis media (SSOM) in 3 cats and 2 dogs.,"To describe secondary secretory otitis media (SSOM) due to obstruction of the nasopharyngeal opening of the auditory tube in cats and dogs and to characterize the effusion by macroscopic description, microscopic cytology and bacteriological analysis.","['D000818', 'D004285', 'D002415', 'D010034', 'D004283', 'D002371', 'D008297', 'D005260']"
38925129,[Choanal atresia in an alpaca cria (Vicugna pacos)].,"After birth, an alpaca cria was noticed to exhibit weakness and respiratory distress, particularly when attempting to suckle milk from the dam's udder. Clinical findings indicated the presence of bilateral choanal atresia and the animal was subsequently euthanised. A computed tomography scan and a pathological examination were performed to describe the malformation in detail. Choanal atresia is a common malformation in neonatal South American camelids, surgical treatment is not recommended. This case report provides an overview of the clinical findings as well as the results of imaging and pathologic examinations and may help to raise awareness of this malformation for early recognition.","['D000818', 'D002161', 'D002754', 'D005260', 'D014057', 'D000831']"
38924732,Eosinophil Depletion with Benralizumab for Eosinophilic Esophagitis.,Benralizumab is an eosinophil-depleting anti-interleukin-5 receptor α monoclonal antibody. The efficacy and safety of benralizumab in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis are unclear.,"['D000293', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D002648', 'D005260', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D055815', 'D061067', 'D003680', 'D004311', 'D057765', 'D004804', 'D053666', 'D007958']"
38923766,Construction of organ of Corti organoid to study the effects of berberine sulfate on damaged auditory cells.,"Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is mainly caused by injury or loss of hair cells (HCs) and associated spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in the inner ear. At present, there is still no effective treatment for SNHL in clinic. Recently, advances in organoid bring a promising prospect for research and treatment of SNHL. Meanwhile, three-dimensional (3D) printing provides a tremendous opportunity to construct versatile organoids for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this study, gelatin (Gel), sodium alginate (SA), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were used to fabricate biomimetic scaffold through 3D printing. The organ of Corti derived from neonatal mice inner ear was seeded on the PVA/Gel/SA scaffold to construct organ of Corti organoid. Then, the organ of Corti organoid was used to study the potential protective effects of berberine sulfate on neomycin-juried auditory HCs and SGNs. The results showed that the PVA/Gel/SA biomimetic 3D scaffolds had good cytocompatibilities and mechanical properties. The constructed organoid could maintain organ of Corti activity well in vitro. In addition, the injury intervention results showed that berberine sulfate could significantly inhibit neomycin-induced HC and SGN damage. This study suggests that the fabricated organoid is highly biomimetic to the organ of Corti, which may provide an effective model for drug development, cell and gene therapy for SNHL.","['D000818', 'D009925', 'D051379', 'D001599', 'D054457', 'D009940', 'D066330', 'D000464', 'D005780', 'D006198', 'D023822', 'D011142', 'D006319', 'D013136']"
38922246,Speech perception in patients submitted to cochlear reimplantation.,"To analyze the performance of auditory speech perception (PF) after cochlear implant (CI) replacement surgery and associations with age, times of use of the first CI, deprivation, recovery and use of the second device.","['D006801', 'D013067', 'D012189', 'D005260', 'D002648', 'D008297', 'D000293', 'D019929', 'D000328', 'D003054', 'D002675', 'D055815', 'D008875', 'D034381', 'D007223', 'D000368', 'D000367', 'D012092']"
38922245,"Association between number of teeth, dental prostheses, and self-reported dysphagia in brazilian old people: a population-based study.",To investigate the association between the number of permanent teeth and the use of removable dental prostheses with self-reported dysphagia occurrence in individuals aged 60 years or older.,"['D006801', 'D001938', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D003680', 'D003430', 'D057566', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D015995', 'D017266', 'D008137', 'D000369', 'D012307', 'D012959', 'D016388']"
38921061,Cross-Reactivity of Ragweed Pollen Calcium-Binding Proteins and IgE Sensitization in a Ragweed-Allergic Population from Western Romania.,"Ragweed pollen allergy is the most common seasonal allergy in western Romania. Prolonged exposure to ragweed pollen may induce sensitization to pan-allergens such as calcium-binding proteins (polcalcins) and progression to more severe symptoms. We aimed to detect IgE sensitization to recombinant Amb a 9 and Amb a 10 in a Romanian population, to assess their potential clinical relevance and cross-reactivity, as well as to investigate the relation with clinical symptoms. rAmb a 9 and rAmb a 10 produced in Escherichia coli were used to detect specific IgE in sera from 87 clinically characterized ragweed-allergic patients in ELISA, for basophil activation experiments and rabbit immunization. Rabbit rAmb a 9- and rAmb a 10-specific sera were used to detect possible cross-reactivity with rArt v 5 and reactivity towards ragweed and mugwort pollen extracts. The results showed an IgE reactivity of 25% to rAmb a 9 and 35% to rAmb a 10. rAmb a 10 induced basophil degranulation in three out of four patients tested. Moreover, polcalcin-negative patients reported significantly more skin symptoms, whereas polcalcin-positive patients tended to report more respiratory symptoms. Furthermore, both rabbit antisera showed low reactivity towards extracts and showed high reactivity to rArt v 5, suggesting strong cross-reactivity. Our study indicated that recombinant ragweed polcalcins might be considered for molecular diagnosis.","['D006801', 'D007073', 'D003429', 'D006255', 'D012383', 'D002135', 'D052179', 'D000485', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D031164', 'D011817', 'D000328', 'D010936']"
38920129,Relationship between periapical lesions and sinus changes on multi-slice computed tomography sean.,Differentiating orofacial odontogenic pain/disorders from pain/disorders associated with maxillary sinusitis is important to avoid unnecessary dentalprocedures and to properly refer patients to colleagues/dentists and vice versa.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D061330', 'D000328', 'D010483', 'D015523', 'D000368', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D003937']"
38920107,"Unraveling the propensity of various genetic disorders and syndromes in the Koraga, an aboriginal tribe from southern India.","Koragas, recognized as a particularly vulnerable tribal group (PVTG) by the Government of India, are from coastal Karnataka and Kerala. They are experiencing severe socioeconomic and health-related issues and rapid depopulation. The unique genetic makeup of Koragas has been maintained by the practice of endogamy. We aimed to identify genetic factors potentially associated with the predisposition of Koragas towards genetic and multifactorial disorders. We employed genome-wise data of 29 Koraga individuals genotyped on the Infinium Global Screening Array-24 v3.0 BeadChip platform and performed various population genetic analyses including kinship, identity by descent (IBD), and runs of homozygosity (RoH). A high degree of haplotype sharing among the Koraga participants may be indicative of a recent founder event. We identified genetic variants and genes associated with several genetic disorders, higher infant mortality rate, neurological disorders, deafness, and lower fertility rate of this agrarian tribe. Ours is the first genome-wide study on the Koraga tribe that identified genetic factors associated with various genetic disorders. Our findings can provide public healthcare providers with essential genetic information that can be useful in augmenting medical and healthcare services and improving the quality of life of Koragas.","['D006801', 'D007194', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D006239', 'D020022', 'D055106', 'D020641', 'D030342', 'D005828', 'D006720', 'D007223', 'D000081034', 'D007226', 'D000328', 'D003638']"
38918967,Double Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve with Thyroid Carcinoma.,"The most important and serious complication of thyroid surgery is recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury, and it has been noted that this risk increases considerably in the presence of anatomical variations. Double recurrent laryngeal nerve (DRLN) is very rare among RLN anatomical variations. There are only a few case reports on DRLN in the literature It is crucial to possess surgical expertise and ensure complete visualization of the nerve to minimize the likelihood of RLN injury. Intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) is particularly useful in identifying anatomical variations. In a 54-year-old woman undergoing diagnostic left lobectomy+isthmectomy, a left DRLN was identified during intraoperative exploration and meticulous nerve exploration with the assistance of IONM monitoring verified that the impulse conduction in both branches was identical. The surgical procedure was successfully performed without causing any harm to the nerve. Based on the case reports in the literature and our experience with this patient, we believe that surgical expertise and the utilization of IONM can decrease RLN nerve damage and reveal its anatomical variations during thyroid surgery.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D013964', 'D012009', 'D013965', 'D061226', 'D007431']"
38918964,"Impact of Low-Temperature Plasma Radiofrequency Tonsillectomy on Pain, Inflammatory Markers, and Sleep Quality in Adults with Chronic Tonsillitis.","Chronic tonsillitis (CT) is a very common ear, nose, and throat disease worldwide, and in severe cases it can cause sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome, which can affect the patient's health and can even be life-threatening. Low-temperature plasma radiofrequency tonsillectomy is one of the commonly used methods for treating CT with remarkable results, but more detailed reports are lacking. In this study, we aimed to explore the impact of low-temperature plasma radiofrequency tonsillectomy on pain, inflammatory markers, and sleep quality in adult CT patients for clinical reference.","['D006801', 'D014069', 'D008297', 'D014068', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D012189', 'D002908', 'D000089943', 'D015415', 'D010147', 'D007249']"
38918834,Quantitative parameter analysis of pretreatment dual-energy computed tomography in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cervical lymph node characteristics and prediction of radiotherapy sensitivity.,"Treatment efficacy may differ among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) at similar tumor-node-metastasis stages. Moreover, end-of-treatment tumor regression is a reliable indicator of treatment sensitivity. This study aimed to investigate whether quantitative dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) parameters could predict sensitivity to neck-lymph node radiotherapy in patients with NPC.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000077274', 'D009303', 'D014057', 'D008198', 'D000328', 'D049451', 'D000368', 'D008207', 'D009333', 'D012189', 'D011379', 'D012372', 'D055815', 'D015900']"
38918827,Immunoreactivity of LMO7 and other molecular markers as potential prognostic factors in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.,"Despite the better prognosis associated with human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), some patients experience relapse and succumb to the disease; thus, there is a need for biomarkers identifying these patients for intensified treatment. Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domain (LRIG) protein 1 is a negative regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and a positive prognostic factor in OPSCC. Studies indicate that LRIG1 interacts with the LIM domain 7 protein (LMO7), a stabilizer of adherence junctions. Its role in OPSCC has not been studied before.","['D006801', 'D009959', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D011379', 'D060588', 'D014408', 'D002294', 'D000368', 'D014157', 'D008562', 'D000328', 'D019394', 'D018960', 'D016159', 'D030361', 'D007150', 'D000369', 'D015996']"
38918785,Tumor-associated characteristics and immune dysregulation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma under the regulation of m7G-related tumor microenvironment cells.,"Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a type of malignant tumor with high morbidity. Aberrant levels of N7-methylguanosine (m7G) are closely associated with tumor progression. However, the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in NPC associated with m7G modification remain unclear.","['D006801', 'D059016', 'D000077274', 'D009303', 'D011379', 'D015972', 'D014408', 'D008297', 'D015996', 'D005260']"
38918690,Prognostic significance of platelet‑to‑albumin ratio in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy: a retrospective study of 858 cases.,"Despite evidence supporting the high correlation of the novel platelet-to-albumin ratio (PAR) with survival in diverse malignancies, its prognostic relevance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains underexplored. This study aimed to examine the link between PAR and overall survival (OS) in NPC and to establish a predictive model based on this biomarker.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D012189', 'D008875', 'D000077274', 'D059248', 'D011379', 'D049451', 'D009303', 'D000328', 'D001792', 'D000368', 'D012709', 'D009367', 'D055815', 'D016016', 'D010976', 'D014408']"
38918661,Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes as an Independent Prognostic Factor in Undifferentiated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.,"Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common type of cancer in Southeast Asia. This cancer usually spreads locally and to nearby lymph nodes. One unique feature of NPC is its many immune cells called tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Recent studies have suggested that TILs in many types of cancer can indicate a better prognosis. However, the role of TILs in NPC is still a matter of debate. Further research is necessary to determine whether TILs can be used as a prognostic factor of NPC's outcome.","['D006801', 'D016246', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D011379', 'D012189', 'D009303', 'D008875', 'D000077274', 'D015996', 'D000328', 'D002277', 'D005500', 'D000368', 'D009367']"
38916384,Exploring the Complexities: Understanding the Clinicopathological Spectrum of Tuberculosis in the Head-and-neck Region.,"Tuberculosis (TB) affecting the head-and-neck area can often resemble cancer, leading to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. A better understanding of this condition is necessary for early diagnosis and prompt treatment initiation. This study examines the clinical and pathological characteristics of different types of TB in the head-and-neck region.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D000293', 'D000328', 'D055815', 'D002648', 'D002675', 'D007223', 'D008875', 'D009333', 'D014388', 'D014376', 'D006257', 'D014387', 'D000368', 'D007231']"
38915416,Exploring the protective association between COVID-19 infection and laryngeal cancer: insights from a Mendelian randomization study.,"Viral infections have been implicated as a risk factor for laryngeal cancer. Given the possible effects of Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the laryngeal tissue, we investigated the causal link between COVID-19 and laryngeal cancer using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D057182', 'D007822', 'D055106', 'D000086402', 'D020641', 'D020022', 'D012307']"
38915379,Retrospective study of a novel hematological parameter for predicting the survival of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.,This study aims to explore the prognostic values of routine pre-treatment hematological parameters in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000077274', 'D012189', 'D009303', 'D011379', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D012709', 'D010976', 'D012372', 'D053208', 'D018655', 'D001792']"
38915281,Antibiotics for Pediatric Patients With Laryngotracheobronchitis in Korea: A Nationwide Study Based on Administrative Data.,"Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important global public health concern in adults and children. Laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) is a common acute respiratory infection (ARI) among children, most often caused by a virus, and should not be treated with antibiotics. Reducing the usage of unnecessary antibiotics in ARI using an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) is an effective measure against AMR in children. This study investigates the antibiotic prescription pattern in pediatric patients with laryngotracheobronchitis in Korea. Our results will be useful to improve the ASP.","['D006801', 'D000900', 'D056910', 'D002675', 'D007223', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D014136', 'D000073602', 'D007827', 'D010818', 'D001991', 'D007231', 'D011307', 'D003440']"
38915054,A novel SALL1 C757T mutation in a Chinese family causes a rare disease --Townes-Brocks syndrome.,"Townes-Brocks syndrome (TBS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by imperforate anus, dysplastic ears, thumb malformations, and other abnormalities. Previous studies have revealed that mutations in the SALL1 gene can disrupt normal development, resulting in the characteristic features of Townes-Brocks syndrome. Spalt-like transcription factors (SALLs) are highly conserved proteins that play important roles in various cellular processes, including embryonic development, cell differentiation, and cell survival. Over 400 different variants or mutations have been reported in the SALL1 gene in individuals with TBS. Most of these variants lead to the formation of premature termination codons (PTCs), also known as nonsense mutations. The majority of these PTCs occur in a specific region of the SALL1 gene called the ""hotspot region"", which is particularly susceptible to mutation.","['D006801', 'D014157', 'D000015', 'D001006', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D010375', 'D002681', 'D009154', 'D035583', 'D000071056', 'D044466', 'D000095225', 'D006319', 'D013933']"
38914952,"Psychosocial factors and patient and healthcare delays in large (class T3-T4) oral, oropharyngeal, and laryngeal carcinomas.","Psychosocial factors and socioeconomic status have been associated with incidence, survival, and quality of life among patients with head and neck cancer. We investigated the association between different psychosocial factors, socioeconomic status, and patient delays in T3-T4 oral, oropharyngeal, and laryngeal cancer.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D007822', 'D008875', 'D009959', 'D000368', 'D011795', 'D011446', 'D003863', 'D009062', 'D000328', 'D011788', 'D005387', 'D012923', 'D009367', 'D012959', 'D061665']"
38914785,Cystic vestibular schwannoma - a subgroup analysis from a comparative study between radiosurgery and microsurgery.,"Some vestibular schwannoma (VS) show cystic morphology. It is known that these cystic VS bear different risk profiles compared to solid VS in surgical treatment. Still, there has not been a direct comparative study comparing both SRS and SURGERY effectiveness in cystic VS. This retrospective bi-center cohort study aims to analyze the management of cystic VS compared to solid VS in a dual center study with both microsurgery (SURGERY) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Cystic morphology was defined as presence of any T2-hyperintense and Gadolinium-contrast-negative cyst of any size in the pre-interventional MRI. A matched subgroup analysis was carried out by determining a subgroup of matched SURGERY-treated solid VS and SRS-treated solid VS. Functional status, and post-interventional tumor volume size was then compared. From 2005 to 2011, N = 901 patients with primary and solitary VS were treated in both study sites. Of these, 6% showed cystic morphology. The incidence of cystic VS increased with tumor size: 1.75% in Koos I, 4.07% in Koos II, 4.84% in Koos III, and the highest incidence with 15.43% in Koos IV. Shunt-Dependency was significantly more often in cystic VS compared to solid VS (p = 0.024) and patients with cystic VS presented with significantly worse Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) compared to solid VS (p < 0.001). The rate of GTR was 87% in cystic VS and therefore significantly lower, compared to 96% in solid VS (p = 0.037). The incidence of dynamic volume change (decrease and increase) after SRS was significantly more common in cystic VS compared to the matched solid VS (p = 0.042). The incidence of tumor progression with SRS in cystic VS was 25%. When comparing EOR in the SURGERY-treated cystic to solid VS, the rate for tumor recurrence was significantly lower in GTR with 4% compared to STR with 50% (p = 0.042). Tumor control in cystic VS is superior in SURGERY, when treated with a high extent of resection grade, compared to SRS. Therapeutic response of SRS was worse in cystic compared to solid VS. However, when cystic VS was treated surgically, the rate of GTR is lower compared to the overall, and solid VS cohort. The significantly higher number of patients with relevant post-operative facial palsy in cystic VS is accredited to the increased tumor size not its sole cystic morphology. Cystic VS should be surgically treated in specialized centers.","['D006801', 'D016634', 'D008866', 'D009464', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D012189', 'D000368', 'D016896', 'D008279', 'D003560', 'D055815']"
38914647,Tumor biomechanical stiffness by magnetic resonance elastography predicts surgical outcomes and identifies biomarkers in vestibular schwannoma and meningioma.,"Variations in the biomechanical stiffness of brain tumors can not only influence the difficulty of surgical resection but also impact postoperative outcomes. In a prospective, single-blinded study, we utilize pre-operative magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) to predict the stiffness of intracranial tumors intraoperatively and assess the impact of increased tumor stiffness on clinical outcomes following microsurgical resection of vestibular schwannomas (VS) and meningiomas. MRE measurements significantly correlated with intraoperative tumor stiffness and baseline hearing status of VS patients. Additionally, MRE stiffness was elevated in patients that underwent sub-total tumor resection compared to gross total resection and those with worse postoperative facial nerve function. Furthermore, we identify tumor microenvironment biomarkers of increased stiffness, including αSMA + myogenic fibroblasts, CD163 + macrophages, and HABP (hyaluronic acid binding protein). In a human VS cell line, a dose-dependent upregulation of HAS1-3, enzymes responsible for hyaluronan synthesis, was observed following stimulation with TNFα, a proinflammatory cytokine present in VS. Taken together, MRE is an accurate, non-invasive predictor of tumor stiffness in VS and meningiomas. VS with increased stiffness portends worse preoperative hearing and poorer postoperative outcomes. Moreover, inflammation-mediated hyaluronan deposition may lead to increased stiffness.","['D006801', 'D008579', 'D009464', 'D054459', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D014408', 'D000368', 'D011446', 'D000328', 'D008577', 'D016896', 'D059016', 'D008279']"
38911871,The cytoskeletal protein profilin is an important allergen in saltwort (Salsola kali).,"Pollen from Salsola kali, i.e., saltwort, Russian thistle, is a major allergen source in the coastal regions of southern Europe, in Turkey, Central Asia, and Iran. S. kali-allergic patients mainly suffer from hay-fever (i.e., rhinitis and conjunctivitis), asthma, and allergic skin symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of individual S. kali allergen molecules. Sal k 1, Sal k 2, Sal k 3, Sal k 4, Sal k 5, and Sal k 6 were expressed in Escherichia coli as recombinant proteins containing a C-terminal hexahistidine tag and purified by nickel affinity chromatography. The purity of the recombinant allergens was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Their molecular weight was determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and their fold and secondary structure were studied by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Sera from clinically well-characterized S. kali-allergic patients were used for IgE reactivity and basophil activation experiments. S. kali allergen-specific IgE levels and IgE levels specific for the highly IgE cross-reactive profilin and the calcium-binding allergen from timothy grass pollen, Phl p 12 and Phl p 7, respectively, were measured by ImmunoCAP. The allergenic activity of natural S. kali pollen allergens was studied in basophil activation experiments. Recombinant S. kali allergens were folded when studied by CD analysis. The sum of recombinant allergen-specific IgE levels and allergen-extract-specific IgE levels was highly correlated. Sal k 1 and profilin, reactive with IgE from 64% and 49% of patients, respectively, were the most important allergens, whereas the other S. kali allergens were less frequently recognized. Specific IgE levels were highest for profilin. Of note, 37% of patients who were negative for Sal k 1 showed IgE reactivity to Phl p 12, emphasizing the importance of the ubiquitous cytoskeletal actin-binding protein, profilin, for the diagnosis of IgE sensitization in S. kali-allergic patients. rPhl p 12 and rSal k 4 showed equivalent IgE reactivity, and the clinical importance of profilin was underlined by the fact that profilin-monosensitized patients suffered from symptoms of respiratory allergy to saltwort. Accordingly, profilin should be included in the panel of allergen molecules for diagnosis and in molecular allergy vaccines for the treatment and prevention of S. kali allergy.","['D006801', 'D051304', 'D007073', 'D000485', 'D031248', 'D005260', 'D011058', 'D008297', 'D003429', 'D000328', 'D011994', 'D006255', 'D008875', 'D001491', 'D052179', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D010940']"
38955512,Challenges of enzyme therapy: Why two players are better than one.,"Enzyme-based therapy has garnered significant attention for its current applications in various diseases. Despite the notable advantages associated with the use of enzymes as therapeutic agents, that could have high selectivity, affinity, and specificity for the target, their application faces challenges linked to physico-chemical and pharmacological properties. These limitations can be addressed through the encapsulation of enzymes in nanoplatforms as a comprehensive solution to mitigate their degradation, loss of activity, off-target accumulation, and immunogenicity, thus enhancing bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy, and circulation time, thereby reducing the number of administrations, and ameliorating patient compliance. The exploration of novel nanomedicine-based enzyme therapeutics for the treatment of challenging diseases stands as a paramount goal in the contemporary scientific landscape, but even then it is often not enough. Combining an enzyme with another therapeutic (e.g., a small molecule, another enzyme or protein, a monoclonal antibody, or a nucleic acid) within a single nanocarrier provides innovative multidrug-integrated therapy and ensures that both the actives arrive at the target site and exert their therapeutic effect, leading to synergistic action and superior therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, this strategic approach could be extended to gene therapy, a field that nowadays has gained increasing attention, as enzymes acting at genomic level and nucleic acids may be combined for synergistic therapy. This multicomponent therapeutic approach opens opportunities for promising future developments. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.","['D006801', 'D057487', 'D000818', 'D050997']"
38954210,Proteomic Analysis of Dictyostelium discoideum by Mass Spectrometry.,"The large-scale proteomic analysis of Dictyostelium discoideum has contributed to our understanding of intracellular as well as secreted proteins in this versatile model eukaryote. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis is a robust, sensitive, and rapid analytical method for identification and characterization of proteins extracted from tissues, cells, cell fractions, or pull-down assays. The availability of core facilities which make proteomics inexpensive and easy to do has facilitated a wide range of research projects. In this chapter, we present a simple standard methodology to extract proteins and prepare samples from D. discoideum for mass spectrometry and methods to analyze the identified proteins.","['D004023', 'D040901', 'D013058', 'D015800', 'D020543']"
38954195,Superresolution Expansion Microscopy in Dictyostelium Amoebae.,"Expansion microscopy (ExM) is a superresolution technique for fixed specimens that improves resolution of a given microscopy system approximately fourfold. The gain in resolution in ExM is not achieved by improvement of the resolution of the microscope itself but by isotropic expansion of the sample. To achieve this, the sample is cross-linked to an expandable gel matrix that swells approximately fourfold by incubation in water. We have applied the method to Dictyostelium amoebae and discuss the pros and cons of different labeling techniques in combination with pre- and post-expansion staining protocols.","['D004023', 'D008853', 'D013194', 'D008856']"
38954043,Genetic characterization of cucumber genetic resources in the NARO Genebank indicates their multiple dispersal trajectories to the East.,"Genotyping-by-sequencing of 723 worldwide cucumber genetic resources revealed that cucumbers were dispersed eastward via at least three distinct routes, one to Southeast Asia and two from different directions to East Asia. The cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is an economically important vegetable crop cultivated and consumed worldwide. Despite its popularity, the manner in which cucumbers were dispersed from their origin in South Asia to the rest of the world, particularly to the east, remains a mystery due to the lack of written records. In this study, we performed genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) on 723 worldwide cucumber accessions, mainly deposited in the Japanese National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) Genebank, to characterize their genetic diversity, relationships, and population structure. Analyses based on over 60,000 genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms identified by GBS revealed clear genetic differentiation between Southeast and East Asian populations, suggesting that they reached their respective region independently, not progressively. A deeper investigation of the East Asian population identified two subpopulations with different fruit characteristics, supporting the traditional classification of East Asian cucumbers into two types thought to have been introduced by independent routes. Finally, we developed a core collection of 100 accessions representing at least 93.2% of the genetic diversity present in the entire collection. The genetic relationships and population structure, their associations with geographic distribution and phenotypic traits, and the core collection presented in this study are valuable resources for elucidating the dispersal history and promoting the efficient use and management of genetic resources for research and breeding in cucumber.","['D018553', 'D020641', 'D005828', 'D005838', 'D014644', 'D005202']"
38953732,Added Value of a Robotic-assisted Bronchoscopy Platform in Cone Beam Computed Tomography-guided Bronchoscopy for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Parenchymal Lesions.,"Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-guided bronchoscopic sampling of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) is associated with superior diagnostic outcomes. However, the added value of a robotic-assisted bronchoscopy platform in CBCT-guided diagnostic procedures is unknown.","['D006801', 'D001999', 'D008297', 'D012189', 'D005260', 'D054893', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D008175', 'D000328', 'D065287', 'D000369', 'D012371', 'D008168']"
38953670,Combining Partial True Discovery Guarantee Procedures.,"Closed testing has recently been shown to be optimal for simultaneous true discovery proportion control. It is, however, challenging to construct true discovery guarantee procedures in such a way that it focuses power on some feature sets chosen by users based on their specific interest or expertise. We propose a procedure that allows users to target power on prespecified feature sets, that is, ""focus sets."" Still, the method also allows inference for feature sets chosen post hoc, that is, ""nonfocus sets,"" for which we deduce a true discovery lower confidence bound by interpolation. Our procedure is built from partial true discovery guarantee procedures combined with Holm's procedure and is a conservative shortcut to the closed testing procedure. A simulation study confirms that the statistical power of our method is relatively high for focus sets, at the cost of power for nonfocus sets, as desired. In addition, we investigate its power property for sets with specific structures, for example, trees and directed acyclic graphs. We also compare our method with AdaFilter in the context of replicability analysis. The application of our method is illustrated with a gene ontology analysis in gene expression data.","['D001699', 'D020869', 'D063990', 'D006801']"
38953619,Simultaneous Inference of Multiple Binary Endpoints in Biomedical Research: Small Sample Properties of Multiple Marginal Models and a Resampling Approach.,"In biomedical research, the simultaneous inference of multiple binary endpoints may be of interest. In such cases, an appropriate multiplicity adjustment is required that controls the family-wise error rate, which represents the probability of making incorrect test decisions. In this paper, we investigate two approaches that perform single-step p $p$  -value adjustments that also take into account the possible correlation between endpoints. A rather novel and flexible approach known as multiple marginal models is considered, which is based on stacking of the parameter estimates of the marginal models and deriving their joint asymptotic distribution. We also investigate a nonparametric vector-based resampling approach, and we compare both approaches with the Bonferroni method by examining the family-wise error rate and power for different parameter settings, including low proportions and small sample sizes. The results show that the resampling-based approach consistently outperforms the other methods in terms of power, while still controlling the family-wise error rate. The multiple marginal models approach, on the other hand, shows a more conservative behavior. However, it offers more versatility in application, allowing for more complex models or straightforward computation of simultaneous confidence intervals. The practical application of the methods is demonstrated using a toxicological dataset from the National Toxicology Program.","['D015233', 'D001699', 'D035843', 'D018401', 'D023381', 'D006801']"
38953226,"Use of acoustic signals in Cape fur seal mother-pup reunions: individual signature, signal propagation and pup home range.","The Cape fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) is one of the most colonial mammals, with colonies of up to hundreds of thousands of individuals during the breeding season. During the lactation period, mothers and pups are regularly separated as females undertake multi-day foraging trips at sea. Mothers and pups use a mutual vocal recognition system to reunite after separation. Such communication is highly constrained by both high background noise and risk of individual confusion owing to the density of seals. This study aimed to experimentally assess the acoustic features relevant for mother-pup vocal identification and the propagation properties of their calls. Playback experiments revealed that mother and pup individual vocal signatures rely on both temporal and frequency parameters: amplitude and frequency modulations, timbre and fundamental frequency (f0). This is more parameters than in any colonial species studied so far. The combinational use of acoustic features reinforces the concept that both environmental and social constraints may have acted as selective pressures on the individual vocal recognition systems. Theoretical propagation distances of mother and pup vocalisations were estimated to be below the range of distances at which mother-pup reunions can occur. This suggests that Cape fur seals may have strong abilities to extract vocal signals from the background noise, as previously demonstrated in the highly colonial king penguin. Investigating the transmission of information throughout the propagation of the signal as well as the ability of the receiving individual to decipher vocal signatures is crucial to understanding vocal recognition systems in the wild.","['D000818', 'D014828', 'D046069', 'D005260', 'D000162', 'D006702']"
38952985,Labeled-free quantitative proteomic analysis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma identifies potential protein biomarkers.,"Cervical cancer remains a prevalent cancer among women, and reliance on surgical and radio-chemical therapies can irreversibly affect patients' life span and quality of life. Thus, early diagnosis and further exploration into the pathogenesis of cervical cancer are crucial. Mass spectrometry technology is widely applied in clinical practice and can be used to further investigate the protein alterations during the onset of cervical cancer.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D002583', 'D040901', 'D002294', 'D014408', 'D015972', 'D019295']"
38952963,Effects of wheat intercropping on growth and occurrence of Fusarium wilt in watermelon.,"Watermelon is commonly affected by Fusarium wilt in a monoculture cropping system. Wheat intercropping alleviates the affection of Fusarium wilt of watermelon. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of wheat and watermelon intercropping on watermelon growth and Fusarium wilt. Our results showed that wheat and watermelon intercropping promoted growth, increased chlorophyll content, and photosynthesis of watermelon. Meanwhile, wheat and watermelon intercropping inhibited watermelon Fusarium wilt occurrence, decreased spore numbers, increased root vigor, increased antioxidant enzyme activities, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in watermelon roots. Additionally, wheat and watermelon intercropping enhanced the bacterial colonies and total microbes growth in soil, decreased fungi and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON) colonies, and increased soil enzyme activities in watermelon rhizosphere soil. Our results indicated that wheat and watermelon intercropping enhanced watermelon growth and decreased the incidence of Fusarium wilt in watermelon. These effects could be due to intercropping inducing physiological changes, regulating soil enzyme activities, and/or modulating soil microbial communities.","['D029773', 'D014908', 'D005670', 'D010935', 'D012988', 'D018517']"
38954711,"Experiment and analysis of physical, mechanical, and viscoelastic properties of the roots and stalks of green leafy vegetables.","Green leafy vegetables are an essential component of Chinese leafy vegetables. Due to their crisp stems and tender leaves, orderly harvester generally causes significant mechanical clamping damage. The physical and mechanical properties of green leafy vegetables are one of the important basis to design the orderly harvester. At the same time, they provide important parameters for the simulation and optimization of harvester. So, this paper measured the physical characteristic parameters of roots and stems of green leafy vegetables. Then, based on the TMS-Pro texture analyzer, the elasticity modulus of the roots and stems of green leafy vegetables were measured. The static friction coefficient, dynamic friction coefficient, and restitution coefficient of green leafy vegetables root-root, stem-stem, root-steel, and stem-steel were measured separately using a combination method of inclined plane and high-speed photography. Uniaxial compression creep experiments were carried out on whole and single leaf of green leafy vegetables using the TA.XT plus C universal testing machine. The constitutive equation of the four-element Burgers model was used to fit the deformation curve of the sample with time during the constant-pressure loading stage. The fitting determination coefficients R2 were all higher than 0.996, which verified the reasonable validity of the selected model. The above experimental results provide a parameter basis and theoretical support for the design and discrete element simulation optimization of orderly harvester critical components of green leafy vegetables.","['D014675', 'D018517', 'D014783', 'D018515', 'D004548', 'D018547']"
38954445,Blended diet in enteral feeding: current guidance.,"The practice of administering blended food via enteral feeding tubes has been growing in popularity in recent years. Concerns have been raised as this practice was perceived to increase risk of gastrointestinal intolerance, allergic reactions, nutritional insufficiency, tube blockages, and infection compared with using commercial enteral feed (CEF), the gold standard, as well as risk of litigation against the professional due to their support of practice that is not evidence-based. However, research has shown that the physical, social and emotional benefits from receiving blended diet may outweigh the previously suggested risks. Guidance has been updated to encourage discussions around blended diet while informing the tube-fed individuals, families and carers of potential risks, potential benefits, barriers, considerations for training, safety and contraindications.","['D004750', 'D006801', 'D017410', 'D004032']"
38954208,Mutation Screening of Dictyostelium Restriction Enzyme-Mediated Integration (REMI) Libraries.,Identifying the mechanisms of action of existing and novel drugs is essential for the development of new compounds for therapeutic and commercial use. Here we provide a technique to identify these mechanisms through isolating mutant cell lines that show resistance to drug-induced phenotypes using Dictyostelium discoideum REMI libraries. This approach provides a robust and rapid chemical-genetic screening technique that enables an unbiased approach to identify proteins and molecular pathways that control drug sensitivity. Mutations that result in drug resistance often occur in target proteins thus identifying the specific protein targets for drugs and bioactive natural products. Following the identification of a list of putative molecular targets user selected compound targets can be analyzed to confirm and validate direct inhibitory effects.,"['D004023', 'D009154', 'D004262', 'D015723', 'D004351', 'D054852']"
38951853,Monitoring changing patterns in HER2 addiction by liquid biopsy in advanced breast cancer patients.,"During targeted treatment, HER2-positive breast cancers invariably lose HER2 DNA amplification. In contrast, and interestingly, HER2 proteins may be either lost or gained. To longitudinally and systematically appreciate complex/discordant changes in HER2 DNA/protein stoichiometry, HER2 DNA copy numbers and soluble blood proteins (aHER2/sHER2) were tested in parallel, non-invasively (by liquid biopsy), and in two-dimensions, hence HER2-2D.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D001943', 'D018719', 'D000073890', 'D008875', 'D000080044', 'D000368', 'D000068878', 'D000328', 'D014408']"
38951601,Variations in the expression of odorant binding and chemosensory proteins in the developmental stages of whitefly Bemisia tabaci Asia II-1.,"The cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, is considered as a species complex with 46 cryptic species, with Asia II-1 being predominant in Asia. This study addresses a significant knowledge gap in the characterization of odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs) in Asia II-1. We explored the expression patterns of OBPs and CSPs throughout their developmental stages and compared the motif patterns of these proteins. Significant differences in expression patterns were observed for the 14 OBPs and 14 CSPs of B. tabaci Asia II-1, with OBP8 and CSP4 showing higher expression across the developmental stages. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that OBP8 and CSP4 form distinct clades, with OBP8 appearing to be an ancestral gene, giving rise to the evolution of other odorant-binding proteins in B. tabaci. The genomic distribution of OBPs and CSPs highlights gene clustering on the chromosomes, suggesting functional conservation and evolutionary events following the birth-and-death model. Molecular docking studies indicate strong binding affinities of OBP8 and CSP4 with various odour compounds like β-caryophyllene, α-pinene, β-pinene and limonene, reinforcing their roles in host recognition and reproductive functions. This study elaborates on our understanding of the putative roles of different OBPs and CSPs in B. tabaci Asia II-1, hitherto unexplored. The dynamics of the expression of OBPs and CSPs and their interactions with odour compounds offer scope for developing innovative methods for controlling this global invasive pest.","['D000818', 'D006430', 'D018035', 'D010802', 'D019476', 'D018507', 'D062105', 'D000081223', 'D000077222', 'D012717']"
38949702,A Microtiter Plate Assay at Acidic pH to Identify Potentiators that Enhance Pyrazinamide Activity Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.,"Pyrazinamide (PZA) is a key component of chemotherapy for the treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis (TB) and is likely to continue to be included in new drug combinations. Potentiation of PZA could be used to reduce the emergence of resistance, shorten treatment times, and lead to a reduction in the quantity of PZA consumed by patients, thereby reducing the toxic effects. Acidified medium is required for the activity of PZA against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In vitro assessments of pyrazinamide activity are often avoided because of the lack of standardization, which has led to a lack of effective in vitro tools for assessing and/or enhancing PZA activity.We have developed and optimized a novel, robust, and reproducible, microtiter plate assay, that centers around acidity levels that are low enough for PZA activity. The assay can be applied to the evaluation of novel compounds for the identification of potentiators that enhance PZA activity. In this assay, potentiation of PZA is demonstrated to be statistically significant with the addition of rifampicin (RIF), which can, therefore, be used as a positive control. Conversely, norfloxacin demonstrates no potentiating activity with PZA and can be used as a negative control. The method, and the associated considerations, described here, can be adapted in the search for potentiators of other antimicrobials.","['D011718', 'D009169', 'D000995', 'D006863', 'D008826', 'D004357', 'D012293', 'D006801']"
38948911,Association of Severe Vitamin D Deficiency with Hospitalization in the Previous Year in Hospitalized Exacerbated COPD Patients.,"Vitamin D deficiency (VDD, 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/mL) has been reported associated with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but sometimes controversial. Research on severe vitamin D deficiency (SVDD, 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 10 ng/mL) in exacerbation of COPD is limited.","['D006801', 'D029424', 'D014808', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D012189', 'D014807', 'D000368', 'D015995', 'D018450', 'D012307', 'D008875', 'D012720', 'D015415', 'D012372', 'D006760', 'D013997', 'D016017', 'D000369', 'D019540', 'D016015', 'D016009', 'D010343', 'D015999']"
38948061,Enhancing precision: A predictive model for 177Lu-DOTATATE treatment response in neuroendocrine tumors using quantitative 68Ga-DOTATATE PET and clinicopathological biomarkers.,"Purpose: This study aims to elucidate the role of quantitative SSTR-PET metrics and clinicopathological biomarkers in the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) treated with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). Methods: A retrospective analysis including 91 NET patients (M47/F44; age 66 years, range 34-90 years) who completed four cycles of standard 177Lu-DOTATATE was conducted. SSTR-avid tumors were segmented from pretherapy SSTR-PET images using a semiautomatic workflow with the tumors labeled based on the anatomical regions. Multiple image-based features including total and organ-specific tumor volume and SSTR density along with clinicopathological biomarkers including Ki-67, chromogranin A (CgA) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were analyzed with respect to the PRRT response. Results: The median OS was 39.4 months (95% CI: 33.1-NA months), while the median PFS was 23.9 months (95% CI: 19.3-32.4 months). Total SSTR-avid tumor volume (HR = 3.6; P = 0.07) and bone tumor volume (HR = 1.5; P = 0.003) were associated with shorter OS. Also, total tumor volume (HR = 4.3; P = 0.01), liver tumor volume (HR = 1.8; P = 0.05) and bone tumor volume (HR = 1.4; P = 0.01) were associated with shorter PFS. Furthermore, the presence of large lesion volume with low SSTR uptake was correlated with worse OS (HR = 1.4; P = 0.03) and PFS (HR = 1.5; P = 0.003). Among the biomarkers, elevated baseline CgA and ALP showed a negative association with both OS (CgA: HR = 4.9; P = 0.003, ALP: HR = 52.6; P = 0.004) and PFS (CgA: HR = 4.2; P = 0.002, ALP: HR = 9.4; P = 0.06). Similarly, number of prior systemic treatments was associated with shorter OS (HR = 1.4; P = 0.003) and PFS (HR = 1.2; P = 0.05). Additionally, tumors originating from the midgut primary site demonstrated longer PFS, compared to the pancreas (HR = 1.6; P = 0.16), and those categorized as unknown primary (HR = 3.0; P = 0.002). Conclusion: Image-based features such as SSTR-avid tumor volume, bone tumor involvement, and the presence of large tumors with low SSTR expression demonstrated significant predictive value for PFS, suggesting potential clinical utility in NETs management. Moreover, elevated CgA and ALP, along with an increased number of prior systemic treatments, emerged as significant factors associated with worse PRRT outcomes.","['D006801', 'D018358', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D009942', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D015282', 'D000328', 'D012189', 'D000369', 'D014408', 'D049268', 'D017481', 'D019275', 'D016896', 'D053379', 'D000469', 'D019394', 'D000077982', 'D047368']"
38948053,Developing targeted therapies for neuroblastoma by dissecting the effects of metabolic reprogramming on tumor microenvironments and progression.,"Rationale: Synergic reprogramming of metabolic dominates neuroblastoma (NB) progression. It is of great clinical implications to develop an individualized risk prognostication approach with stratification-guided therapeutic options for NB based on elucidating molecular mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming. Methods: With a machine learning-based multi-step program, the synergic mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming-driven malignant progression of NB were elucidated at single-cell and metabolite flux dimensions. Subsequently, a promising metabolic reprogramming-associated prognostic signature (MPS) and individualized therapeutic approaches based on MPS-stratification were developed and further validated independently using pre-clinical models. Results: MPS-identified MPS-I NB showed significantly higher activity of metabolic reprogramming than MPS-II counterparts. MPS demonstrated improved accuracy compared to current clinical characteristics [AUC: 0.915 vs. 0.657 (MYCN), 0.713 (INSS-stage), and 0.808 (INRG-stratification)] in predicting prognosis. AZD7762 and etoposide were identified as potent therapeutics against MPS-I and II NB, respectively. Subsequent biological tests revealed AZD7762 substantially inhibited growth, migration, and invasion of MPS-I NB cells, more effectively than that of MPS-II cells. Conversely, etoposide had better therapeutic effects on MPS-II NB cells. More encouragingly, AZD7762 and etoposide significantly inhibited in-vivo subcutaneous tumorigenesis, proliferation, and pulmonary metastasis in MPS-I and MPS-II samples, respectively; thereby prolonging survival of tumor-bearing mice. Mechanistically, AZD7762 and etoposide-induced apoptosis of the MPS-I and MPS-II cells, respectively, through mitochondria-dependent pathways; and MPS-I NB resisted etoposide-induced apoptosis by addiction of glutamate metabolism and acetyl coenzyme A. MPS-I NB progression was fueled by multiple metabolic reprogramming-driven factors including multidrug resistance, immunosuppressive and tumor-promoting inflammatory microenvironments. Immunologically, MPS-I NB suppressed immune cells via MIF and THBS signaling pathways. Metabolically, the malignant proliferation of MPS-I NB cells was remarkably supported by reprogrammed glutamate metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, urea cycle, etc. Furthermore, MPS-I NB cells manifested a distinct tumor-promoting developmental lineage and self-communication patterns, as evidenced by enhanced oncogenic signaling pathways activated with development and self-communications. Conclusions: This study provides deep insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic reprogramming-mediated malignant progression of NB. It also sheds light on developing targeted medications guided by the novel precise risk prognostication approaches, which could contribute to a significantly improved therapeutic strategy for NB.","['D009447', 'D059016', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D045744', 'D018450', 'D005047', 'D011379', 'D065150', 'D049109', 'D023041', 'D058990', 'D000069550', 'D017209', 'D000097784']"
38948021,ROR2 promotes invasion and chemoresistance of triple-negative breast cancer cells by activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling.,This study aimed to investigate the role of receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).,"['D006801', 'D064726', 'D057050', 'D058570', 'D051057', 'D019008', 'D005260', 'D015398', 'D019869', 'D045744', 'D002465', 'D009361', 'D015972', 'D004317']"
38947327,Dual immunotherapy alternating with anti-PD-1 antibody plus liposomal doxorubicin show good efficacy in prostate epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: a case report.,"Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a rare vascular malignancy, and currently, there is no standard treatment regimen for this disease and existing treatment options have limited efficacy. In this case report, we present a patient with lung and lymph node metastases from prostate epithelioid hemangioendothelioma who achieved a significant partial response. This was accomplished through alternating nivolumab therapy with ipilimumab and liposomal doxorubicin, resulting in a progression-free-survival more than 6 months to date. The treatment was well-tolerated throughout. Our report suggests that dual immunotherapy alternating with anti-PD-1antibody plus doxorubicin may be a potential treatment modality for epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. However, larger sample studies are necessary to ascertain the effectiveness of this treatment strategy and it is essential to continue monitoring this patient to sustain progression-free survival and overall survival.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D004317', 'D018323', 'D000077594', 'D011471', 'D061026', 'D000971', 'D007167', 'D000082082', 'D000074324', 'D016896', 'D011092', 'D008875']"
38946240,Effect of body mass index on progesterone level on trigger day in gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist cycles.,To investigate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on progesterone (P) level on trigger day in gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-ant) cycles.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D015992', 'D007987', 'D011374', 'D000328', 'D012189', 'D010062', 'D006727', 'D005307', 'D009765', 'D050177', 'D020554', 'D011247']"
38946121,Effect of COVID-19 on Thrombosis Incidence and Patient Prognosis in Kidney Transplant Recipients.,"BACKGROUND Thrombosis poses a grave threat to patients undergoing kidney transplants, with a heightened risk of mortality. While previous studies have established a link between COVID-19 and thrombosis, the specific association between COVID-19 and thrombosis in this patient population remains unexplored. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis utilizing data from 394 individuals who underwent kidney transplantation within the period of September 1, 2015, to April 1, 2023. To evaluate overall survival, we employed Kaplan-Meier analysis and utilized a logistic regression model for risk analysis. Furthermore, we developed a prediction model and assessed its accuracy through calibration curves. RESULTS Out of the 394 patients included in our study, a total of 51 individuals experienced thrombosis, resulting in 2 deaths. Our analysis revealed that COVID-19 infection significantly increased the risk of thrombosis (odds ratio [OR] 8.60, 95% confidence interval 3.13-24.74, P<0.01). Additionally, the use of cyclosporine was found to elevate the risk of death (OR 20.86, 95% CI 7.93-59.24, P<0.01) according to multifactorial analysis. Logistic models were employed to screen variables, and predictive models were constructed based on the presence of COVID-19 infection and the usage of cyclosporine. A nomogram was developed, demonstrating promising accuracy in estimating the risk of thrombosis during internal validation, with a corrected C-index of 0.869. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that both COVID-19 infection and the use of cyclosporine can serve as reliable predictors of thrombosis risk in patients undergoing renal transplantation. Furthermore, we developed a mortality risk prediction model based on COVID-19 in assessing thrombosis.","['D006801', 'D016030', 'D000086382', 'D013927', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D012189', 'D015994', 'D000328', 'D011379', 'D012307', 'D066027', 'D000086402', 'D016015', 'D000368', 'D016572', 'D053208']"
38945889,Impact of Plant and Animal Protein-Based Meals on Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 Levels in Healthy Young Men: A Randomized Crossover Trial.,"Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) is a phosphaturic hormone secreted by osteocytes in response to dietary phosphate intake. An increase in FGF23 level is an indicator of excess phosphate intake relative to the residual nephron number. Therefore, avoiding excessive phosphate intake and inhibiting the elevation of serum FGF23 levels are important to preserve the number of functional nephrons. This randomized crossover trial aimed to determine the potential differences in the impacts on serum FGF23 levels between plant protein and animal protein-based meals in individuals with normal renal function. Nine young men were administered plant (no animal protein) or animal protein-based meals (70% of their protein was from animal sources) with the same phosphate content. The test meals consisted of breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Blood samples were collected in the morning, after overnight fasting, and before and after eating the test meals (for two consecutive days at the same hour each day). Furthermore, a 24-h urine sample was obtained on the day the test meal was consumed. No significant interactions were found among serum phosphate, calcium, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels. However, after eating plant protein-based meals, serum FGF23 levels decreased and serum intact parathyroid hormone levels increased (interaction, p<0.05). Additionally, urine 24-h phosphate excretion tended to be lower in individuals consuming plant protein-based meals than in those consuming animal protein-based meals (p=0.06). In individuals with normal renal function, plant protein-based meals may prevent an increase in serum FGF23 levels and kidney damage caused by phosphate loading.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D018592', 'D000089703', 'D005346', 'D055815', 'D010281', 'D010710', 'D000328', 'D062407', 'D004044', 'D002118', 'D014807']"
38945887,Muscle-Protective Effect of Carnosine against Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy in C2C12 Myotube.,"This study investigated the protective effect of carnosine and its components (L-histidine and β-alanine [HA]) against dexamethasone (Dex)-induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotubes. Myotubes were treated with Dex (10 μM) to induce muscle atrophy manifested by decreased myotube diameter, low myosin heavy chain content, and increased expression of muscle atrophy-associated ubiquitin ligases (Atrogin-1, MuRF-1, and Cbl-b). Carnosine (20 mM) treatment significantly improved the myotube diameter and MyHC protein expression level in Dex-treated C2C12 myotubes. It also downregulated the expression of Atrogin-1, MuRF-1, and Cbl-b and suppressed the expression of forkhead box O3 (FoxO3a) mediated by Dex. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species production was increased by Dex but was ameliorated by carnosine treatment. However, HA (20 mM), the component of carnosine, treatment was found ineffective in preventing Dex-induced protein damage. Therefore, based on above results it can be suggested that carnosine could be a potential therapeutic agent to prevent Dex-induced muscle atrophy compared to its components HA.","['D002336', 'D003907', 'D009133', 'D018485', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D009124', 'D002460', 'D017382', 'D044843', 'D044767', 'D000071316', 'D000070584', 'D018995']"
38945685,Shining light on diurnal variation of non-photochemical quenching: Impact of gradual light intensity patterns on short-term NPQ over a day.,"Maximal sunlight intensity varies diurnally due to the earth's rotation. Whether this slow diurnal pattern influences the photoprotective capacity of plants throughout the day is unknown. We investigated diurnal variation in NPQ, along with NPQ capacity, induction, and relaxation kinetics after transitions to high light, in tomato plants grown under diurnal parabolic (DP) or constant (DC) light intensity regimes. DP light intensity peaked at midday (470 μmol m-2 s-1) while DC stayed constant at 300 μmol m-2 s-1 at a similar 12-hour photoperiod and daily light integral. NPQs were higher in the morning and afternoon at lower light intensities in DP compared to DC, except shortly after dawn. NPQ capacity increased from midday to the end of the day, with higher values in DP than in DC. At high light ΦPSII did not vary throughout the day, while ΦNPQ varied consistently with NPQ capacity. Reduced ΦNO suggested less susceptibility to photodamage at the end of the day. NPQ induction was faster at midday than at the start of the day and in DC than in DP, with overshoot occurring in the morning and midday but not at the end of the day. NPQ relaxation was faster in DP than in DC. The xanthophyll de-epoxidation state and reduced demand for photochemistry could not explain the observed diurnal variations in photoprotective capacity. In conclusion, this study showed diurnal variation in regulated photoprotective capacity at moderate growth light intensity, which was not explained by instantaneous light intensity or increasing photoinhibition over the day and was influenced by acclimation to constant light intensity.","['D018551', 'D002940', 'D008027', 'D010788', 'D017440', 'D024341', 'D013472', 'D002734', 'D045332', 'D007700', 'D018515']"
38945684,"CLEM, a universal tool for analyzing structural organization in thylakoid membranes.","Chlorophyll (Chl) plays a crucial role in photosynthesis, functioning as a photosensitizer. As an integral component of this process, energy absorbed by this pigment is partly emitted as red fluorescence. This signal can be readily imaged by fluorescence microscopy and provides a visualization of photosynthetic activity. However, due to limited resolution, signals cannot be assigned to specific subcellular/organellar membrane structures. By correlating fluorescence micrographs with transmission electron microscopy, researchers can identify sub-cellular compartments and membranes, enabling the monitoring of Chl distribution within thylakoid membrane substructures in cyanobacteria, algae, and higher plant single cells. Here, we describe a simple and effective protocol for correlative light-electron microscopy (CLEM) based on the autofluorescence of Chl and demonstrate its application to selected photosynthetic model organisms. Our findings illustrate the potential of this technique to identify areas of high Chl concentration and photochemical activity, such as grana regions in vascular plants, by mapping stacked thylakoids.","['D020524', 'D002734', 'D010788', 'D008856', 'D046529']"
38945642,Cerebral Aspects of Portal Hypertension: Hepatic Encephalopathy.,"Portal hypertension has cerebral consequences via its causes and complications, namely hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a common and devastating brain disturbance caused by liver insufficiency and portosystemic shunting. The pathogenesis involves hyperammonemia and systemic inflammation. Symptoms are disturbed personality and reduced attention. HE is minimal or grades I to IV (coma). Bouts of HE are episodic and often recurrent. Initial treatment is of events that precipitated the episode and exclusion of nonhepatic causes. Specific anti-HE treatment is lactulose. By recurrence, rifaximin is add-on. Anti-HE treatment is efficacious also for prophylaxis, but emergence of HE marks advanced liver disease and a dismal prognosis.","['D006501', 'D006801', 'D006975', 'D007792', 'D000078262', 'D005765', 'D022124']"
38945605,Investigating the etiology of Haff disease: Optimization and validation of a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for palytoxins analysis in directly associated freshwater and marine food samples from Brazil.,"Haff disease typically develops after eating contaminated marine or freshwater species, especially fish. Despite still having an unknown etiology, recent reports have suggested its possible correlation with palytoxins. Therefore, the present work aimed to optimize and perform a validation of a sensitive method using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the analysis of palytoxin and some of its analogs, with the main purpose of investigating their presence in marine and freshwater food samples associated with Haff disease in Brazil. The method optimization was performed using a central composite rotatable design and fish samples fortified with the palytoxin standard. Then, the optimized method was validated for different food matrices, including freshwater and marine fish, mollusks, and crustaceans. The sample preparation involved a solid-liquid extraction using methanol and water, solid-phase extraction using Strata-X cartridges, and on-column palytoxin oxidation. The detection of the main oxidized fragments (amino and amide aldehydes) was achieved by LC-MS/MS with electrospray ionization in positive mode, using a C18 column, as well as acetonitrile and water as mobile phases, both acidified with 0.1 % of formic acid. After optimization and validation, the etiological investigation involved the analysis of 16 Brazilian Haff disease-related food samples (in natura and leftover meals) from 2022. The method was demonstrated to be appropriate for quantitative analysis of freshwater and marine species. So far, it has proven to be one of the most sensitive methods related to palytoxin detection (LOD 10 μg/kg), being able to work in a range that includes the provisional ingestion limit (30 μg/kg). Regarding the Haff disease-related samples analysis, there is a strong indication of palytoxin contamination since the amino aldehyde (common fragment for all palytoxins) was detected in 15 of the 16 samples. Selected results were confirmed using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS).","['D053719', 'D001938', 'D000178', 'D000818', 'D003064', 'D002853', 'D017747', 'D005618', 'D005506', 'D005399', 'D015203', 'D052616', 'D057230', 'D000097922', 'D000095702']"
38945584,Effects of potential key substances in woodchips smoldering smoke on the formation of heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Frankfurter sausages.,"The Frankfurter sausages smoked with beech, oak, and alder, respectively, were used to clarify the underlying impact of the smoke chemical composition on the levels of heterocyclic amines (HAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The result indicated that different wood types significantly affected the profiles of target substances in food matrices. The beech-smoked samples had lower contents of total free HAs (5.98-6.80 ng/g dry-weight-DW), PAH4 (3.31-3.83 ng/g DW), and PAH8 (10.0-10.8 ng/g DW), whereas the alder pyrolysis usually led to higher hazardous residues (8.26-9.19 ng/g DW of total free HAs, 4.24-6.60 ng/g DW of PAH4 and 14.1-23.3 ng/g DW of PAH8). In addition, the differences in smoke chemical composition were attributed to the different proportions of 15 key identified substances. Among them, two aldehydes (5-methyl-furfural & furfural) and two phenols (phenol & 5-hydroxymaltol) may have synergistic or competitive inhibitory effects on the formation of HAs and PAHs in smoked meat products.","['D011084', 'D008461', 'D012906', 'D014934', 'D000588', 'D006571', 'D005506', 'D000818']"
38945532,A case report of bullous pemphigoid following secukinumab therapy for a patient with psoriasis.,"Aim: Bullous pemphigoid induced by secukinumab in treatment of psoriasis is rare. Methods: We report a 49-year-old man with psoriasis who developed bullous pemphigoid during treatment with secukinumab. Results: Scattered tense vesicles with itching appeared all over the body after the fourth treatment. Bullous pemphigoid was confirmed by pathological examination and direct immunofluorescence. The patient was treated with topical corticosteroids, oral nicotinamide and minocycline hydrochloride. The lesions of bullous pemphigoid improved significantly after 7 days of treatment. Conclusions: Bullous pemphigoid is a rare adverse event following administration of secukinumab.","['D006801', 'D010391', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D061067', 'D011565', 'D008911', 'D009536', 'D003879', 'D016896']"
38944740,"Association between Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism (Fok 1), Vitamin D Status and Autoimmune Thyroiditis.","Autoimmune thyroiditis gradually destroys the thyroid gland leading to hypothyroidism and may even lead to papillary thyroid carcinoma. Deficiency of Vitamin D has been linked to development of autoimmunity. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the Vitamin D receptor gene have associated with autoimmune diseases in several studies. In this hospital based non interventional cross-sectional study Vitamin D receptor gene was studied for FokI (rs2228570) polymorphism from purified DNA in forty-eight adult cases and fifty age and sex matched healthy controls. This study was conducted in the department of Biochemistry, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India from January 2021 to July 2022. Their DNA was isolated using phenol chloroform method and were analysed for the related single nucleotide polymorphism by restriction digestion using appropriate restriction enzymes after amplification by PCR. Differences in allele frequencies between two groups were estimated by chi square and odds ratio test. Any potential association between the vitamin D anti TPO antibody and thyroid hormone status with polymorphic variations were assessed by post hoc ANOVA among the three genotypes. The distribution of FF genotype was significantly higher among the case group (Χ²=10.2788, p=0.006). The odds ratio for the allele F was significantly higher in case group for a range of 1.97 to 5.94 for 95 percent confidence interval (Χ²=13.9678, p=<0.001). The genotype FF group had significantly lowest Vitamin D (p=0.008) and highest Anti TPO ab (p=0.031) compared to Ff and ff genotypes. Thus, significant association was revealed between the VDR gene Fok1(rs2228570) polymorphism and autoimmune thyroiditis with the predominance of FF genotype being a strong susceptibility factor for autoimmune thyroiditis and Vitamin D deficiency in the studied population of Eastern India.","['D006801', 'D018167', 'D013967', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D014807', 'D020641', 'D003430', 'D016022', 'D008875', 'D007194', 'D020022', 'D005787', 'D005838']"
38944725,Association between Serum Vitamin D Level and Acute Ischemic Stroke.,"Stroke is one of the most common neurological disorder and third most common cause of death in the world. Low vitamin D concentrations have been shown to predict risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause of mortality. The aim of this study was to estimate serum vitamin D level in acute ischemic stroke patients. This comparative cross-sectional type of study was conducted in the Department of Neurology and Department of Medicine at Mymensingh Medical College and Hospital, Bangladesh from November 2017 to June 2019 with a total number of 100 study subjects. Total fifty patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled in Group A and another fifty age and sex matched volunteer subjects were enrolled in Group B with no prior history of stroke or transient ischemic attacks. Serum vitamin D levels, fasting plasma glucose and lipid profile were assessed in both groups and compared with each other. P value <0.05 was considered as significant in the study. Mean fasting blood sugar, serum fasting total cholesterol (TC), serum fasting triglycerides, serum fasting Low density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly higher in Group A than Group B (p<0.05). Serum vitamin D level in Group A was 25.28±8.47ng/ml and in Group B was 30.90±5.80, (p=0.001). Insufficient vitamin D level was found in 52.0% of ischemic stroke patients and in 30% of healthy controls (p=0.0002). Vitamin D deficiency was found in 20.0% ischemic stroke patients and 10.0% in healthy controls. This study demonstrates a positive association between low serum vitamin D level and acute ischemic stroke. Further studies are required to determine whether vitamin D supplementation could improve functional outcome in patients with ischemic stroke.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D014807', 'D000083242', 'D003430', 'D008875', 'D014808', 'D001459', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D016022', 'D001786']"
38944668,Pulmonary metastatic gestational choriocarcinoma following an uncomplicated term pregnancy: a case report.,"Choriocarcinoma is a highly malignant pregnancy-related trophoblastic neoplasm, characterized by early metastasis to the lungs. Therefore, patients may manifest nongynecological symptoms owing to distant metastases. The incidence of choriocarcinoma after a term pregnancy is really rare (1/160,000 pregnancies).","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D008175', 'D002822', 'D014594', 'D055815', 'D000971', 'D008727', 'D014750', 'D003609', 'D005047', 'D018997', 'D003520', 'D004417', 'D011252']"
38954619,Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Vitiligo Clinical Trials: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study Assessing Demographic Reporting of Participants.,"While the prevalence of vitiligo is similar across racial and ethnic groups, the effects of vitiligo vary by demographic group, culture, and skin color, with darker-skinned individuals facing greater stigma due to increased visibility of the disease.1,2 The recruitment of diverse participants that are representative of the United States (US) population is crucial to ensuring the generalizability of findings and understanding the impacts of vitiligo across diverse patient groups.&nbsp;&nbsp; Objectives: This study aimed to determine demographic reporting trends in US vitiligo clinical trials and to determine whether participants are representative of the US population.","['D006801', 'D014820', 'D003430', 'D012189', 'D002986', 'D014481', 'D005006', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D044469', 'D000091762']"
38952988,Internet addiction among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: Associations with sociodemographic and psychological distress.,"The COVID-19 pandemic has had tremendous implications for billions of adolescents worldwide due to school closures, forcing students to embrace internet usage for daily tasks. Uncontrolled use of the internet among adolescents makes them vulnerable to internet addiction (IA). This study aims to determine the prevalence of IA among adolescents and assess its association with sociodemographic factors, smartphone use, and psychological distress during the pandemic.","['D006801', 'D000293', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000082424', 'D000086382', 'D003430', 'D000079225', 'D015995', 'D011795', 'D000068997', 'D000086402', 'D008296', 'D003863', 'D013315', 'D001007', 'D000294', 'D058873', 'D000091569']"
38952316,[Familial aggregation of human hookworm infections in Sichuan Province].,"To investigate the family aggregation of human hookworm infections in Sichuan Province and to identify its influencing factors, so as to provide insights into management of hookworm infections.","['D006801', 'D006725', 'D002681', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D002648', 'D000293', 'D002675', 'D000818', 'D055815', 'D005191']"
38952642,Modalization and Transcendence of Health in the Coming Decade: Emphasizing the Human Cognitive System in the Stories of Prophets in the Holy Quran.,"In this study, the progression and importance of health knowledge is explored, projecting its future path. We do this by comparing the stages of evolution of the human cognitive system from birth to old age (inner intellect) with the stages of intellectual modalization in divine messengers (external intellect), as depicted in the stories of the prophets in the Holy Quran. This comparison aims to articulate the course of evolution, which includes sensory perception, apprehension, imaginalization, intellection, and intuition. Future medicine will consider the influence of spiritual factors (soul) in the form of human cognition and intention, as well as material effects (genes and biology). The seven medical domains of the future will encompass the field of 'sprito-epigenetico psycho-neuro-endocrino-immuno-pharmacology'. This perspective emphasizes the need for a transcendent outlook in health and medicine. This study employed a library research method, including studies in medical journals from the last forty years.","['D006801', 'D003071']"
38952248,Endogenous Control and Reward-based Mechanisms Shape Infants' Attention Biases to Caregiver Faces.,"Infants rely on developing attention skills to identify relevant stimuli in their environments. Although caregivers are socially rewarding and a critical source of information, they are also one of many stimuli that compete for infants' attention. Young infants preferentially hold attention on caregiver faces, but it is unknown whether they also preferentially orient to caregivers and the extent to which these attention biases reflect reward-based attention mechanisms. To address these questions, we measured 4- to 10-month-old infants' (N = 64) frequency of orienting and duration of looking to caregiver and stranger faces within multi-item arrays. We also assessed whether infants' attention to these faces related to individual differences in Surgency, an indirect index of reward sensitivity. Although infants did not show biased attention to caregiver versus stranger faces at the group level, infants were increasingly biased to orient to stranger faces with age and infants with higher Surgency scores showed more robust attention orienting and attention holding biases to caregiver faces. These effects varied based on the selective attention demands of the task, suggesting that infants' attention biases to caregiver faces may reflect both developing attention control skills and reward-based attention mechanisms.","['D006801', 'D012201', 'D008297', 'D007223', 'D005260', 'D017028', 'D000066499', 'D000070379', 'D002657', 'D001288', 'D018730']"
38952192,"Living Donor Decision-Making and the Complex Interplay of Finances and Other Motivators, Barriers, and Facilitators.","The decision to become a living donor requires consideration of a complex, interactive array of factors that could be targeted for clinical, policy, and educational interventions. Our objective was to assess how financial barriers interact with motivators, other barriers, and facilitators during this process.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D003657', 'D000328', 'D009042', 'D019520', 'D009927', 'D008875', 'D011795', 'D011379', 'D005500']"
38953760,"Retraction of: ""Risk factors for poor ovarian response in patients receiving in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer"".","The paper entitled ""Risk factors for poor ovarian response in patients receiving in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer"" by Chen et al., which was published in Minerva Surgery 2023 June;78(3):303-4, has been retracted by the Publisher upon the authors' request; they asked for a retraction because the paper contains faulty data.","['D006801', 'D005307', 'D005260', 'D004624', 'D012307', 'D010062', 'D011247', 'D012180']"
38952981,The effects of meliponicultural use of Tetragonula laeviceps on other bee pollinators and pollination efficacy of lemon.,"The augmentation of pollination success in lemon (Citrus limon Eureka) flowers remains contingent on the involvement of bee pollinators. With wild bee pollinator populations declining in agroecosystems, meliponiculture has emerged as a potential option in Indonesia. This study aimed to investigate the effects of meliponicultural use of Tetragonula laeviceps on diversity, foraging behavior, and monthly population of bee pollinators, as well as lemon pollination efficacy with and without meliponiculture treatment during two periods. Using scan and focal sampling methods in first and second periods, the study found that the diversity of wild bee pollinators was six species (Apis cerana, Lasioglossum albescens, Megachile laticeps, Xylocopa confusa, Xylocopa latipes, and Xylocopa caerulea), and T. laeviceps when using meliponiculture. The relative abundance and daily foraging activity of wild bee pollinators were initially reduced in the first period (March-June) and then maintained in the second period (July-October). T. laeviceps foraged on the flowers, involving specific sequences for 72 s with highest visitation rate of 0.25 flowers/h from 10:00-13:00. Light intensity was observed to be the most influential factor for bee pollinator density. Pollination efficacy results showed that meliponiculture usage has greater benefit compared to meliponiculture absence across various parameters, including fruit sets, fruit weight, yield, and estimated productivity. The effects of meliponicultural use of T. laeviceps can enhance lemon pollination efficacy while preserving the diversity of wild insect pollinators. This suggests that meliponiculture stingless bees could be a beneficial practice in agroecosystems, especially in tropical regions where wild bee populations and diversity are declining.","['D000818', 'D054817', 'D001516', 'D002957', 'D007214', 'D035264']"
38952271,Application of ultrasonographic human estimated foetal weight formulas to cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) at 129-132 days of gestation: A comparative study of estimated and actual birthweight.,"Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) are essential in biomedical research, including reproductive studies. However, the application of human estimated foetal weight (EFW) formulas using ultrasonography (USG) in these non-human primates is not well established.","['D000818', 'D008252', 'D005260', 'D001724', 'D020567', 'D011247', 'D016216', 'D006801']"
38951870,Integrated domestic violence and reproductive health interventions in India: a systematic review.,"Domestic violence is a leading cause of poor health outcomes during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Therefore, there is a need for integrated domestic violence interventions in reproductive health care settings. India has one of the highest maternal and child mortality rates. This review aimed to identify characteristics of existing evidence-based integrated domestic violence and reproductive healthcare interventions in India to identify gaps and components of interventions that demonstrate effectiveness for addressing domestic violence.","['D005260', 'D006801', 'D011247', 'D017579', 'D007194', 'D060728', 'D034121']"
38951787,"Exploring acceptability, opportunities, and challenges of community-based home pregnancy testing for early antenatal care initiation in rural Kenya.","Many women in low- and middle-income countries, including Kenya, access antenatal care (ANC) late in pregnancy. Home pregnancy testing can enable women to detect pregnancy early, but it is not widely available. Our study explored the acceptability and potential of home pregnancy testing delivered by community health volunteers (CHV) on antenatal care initiation in rural Kenya.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D007630', 'D011247', 'D011295', 'D000328', 'D010342', 'D000293', 'D055815', 'D012424', 'D011258', 'D003150', 'D036301', 'D007407', 'D006699']"
38951777,Promoting mental wellbeing in pregnant women living in Pakistan with the Safe Motherhood-Accessible Resilience Training (SM-ART) intervention: a randomized controlled trial.,"The negative impact of adverse perinatal mental health extends beyond the mother and child; therefore, it is essential to make an early intervention for the management of mental illness during pregnancy. Resilience-building interventions are demonstrated to reduce depression and anxiety among expectant mothers, yet research in this field is limited. This study aims to examine the effect of the 'Safe Motherhood-Accessible Resilience Training (SM-ART)' on resilience, marital adjustment, depression, and pregnancy-related anxiety in a sample of pregnant women in Karachi, Pakistan.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D055500', 'D010154', 'D011247', 'D000328', 'D001007', 'D003863', 'D016037', 'D037841', 'D008603', 'D011248', 'D055815', 'D008393', 'D009035']"
38951765,"Exploring the mystical relationship between the Moon, Sun, and birth rate.","The Moon has a noticeable influence on the Earth due to its gravity, the most visible manifestation of which are tides. We aimed to see if the Moon's daily cycle, like the Sun's, affects the prevalence and incidence of childbirth.","['D006801', 'D016081', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D011247', 'D000328', 'D001723', 'D013472', 'D036861', 'D036801']"
38951762,"Leach's storm-petrel (Hydrobates leucorhous), a long-lived seabird shows flexible, condition-dependent, feeding strategies in response to poor chick condition.","Parent-offspring conflict represents the sensitive balance of resource allocation between self-maintenance and reproduction. Two strategies have been proposed to better understand how species manage this conflict. In fixed-level feeding behavior, parents feed offspring consistent quantities of food; while flexible feeding shows plasticity in parental allocation based on offspring need. Life-history theory predicts that parents of long-lived species prioritize their survival and may favor the fixed-level hypothesis to maximize lifetime reproductive success. In this study, we highlight the natural variation of parent-offspring allocation strategies within a unique population of Leach's storm-petrels (Hydrobates leucorhous), and through month-long food supplementation and restriction manipulations, we investigate how chick condition affects parental provisioning during the chick-rearing period of reproduction.","['D000818', 'D005247', 'D001717', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D012098', 'D008136']"
38951649,Paternal depressive symptoms and factors associated among expectant fathers in a northeastern province of Thailand.,"Globally, depression is a major mental health problem among expectant fathers. Therefore, factors associated with paternal depressive symptoms (PDS) need investigation. This hospital-based cross-sectional study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with PDS among expectant fathers in a northeastern province of Thailand. In the north-eastern province, Sakon Nakhon, 440 expectant fathers from eight hospitals participated in the study by completing a questionnaire related to socio-demographic characteristics, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), psychosocial factors and social support. An EPDS score of at least eleven out of 30 was interpreted as having PDS. Multivariable linear regression analysis was applied with a statistical significance at 0.05, and the coefficient β was presented. In total, 81 expectant fathers (18.4%, 95% confidence interval 14.6-22.3) had PDS, and the mean (standard deviation) of the EPDS score was 6.65 (4.25). Insufficient money (β = - 0.099, p = 0.016), marital adjustment (β = - 0.098, p = 0.027), self-esteem (β = - 0.150, p < 0.001), wife's stress (β = 0.079, p = 0.049), and expectant father's stress (β = 0.400, p < 0.001) were factors independently associated with PDS. In conclusion, screening expectant fathers during the pregnancy period of their wives is essential, and factors associated with PDS should not be neglected by healthcare providers. Also, there is need of an intervention program to prevent the symptoms, especially for expectant fathers having insufficient money or having stress.","['D006801', 'D013785', 'D005220', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D003863', 'D003430', 'D005260', 'D015995', 'D011795', 'D011247', 'D012944', 'D012307', 'D055815']"
38951576,"Effect of temperature on the biological parameters of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae).","Pink bollworm (PBW) Pectinophora gossypiella is an important pest cotton worldwide. There are multiple factors which determines the occurrence and distribution of P. gossypiella across different cotton growing regions of the world, and one such key factor is 'temperature'. The aim was to analyze the life history traits of PBW across varying temperature conditions. We systematically explored the biological and demographic parameters of P. gossypiella at five distinct temperatures; 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 ± 1 °C maintaining a photoperiod of LD 16:8 h. The results revealed that the total developmental period of PBW shortens with rising temperatures, and the highest larval survival rates were observed between 30 °C and 35 °C, reaching 86.66% and 80.67%, respectively. Moreover, significant impacts were observed as the pupal weight, percent mating success, and fecundity exhibited higher values at 30 °C and 35 °C. Conversely, percent egg hatching, larval survival, and adult emergence were notably lower at 20 °C and 40 °C, respectively. Adult longevity decreased with rising temperatures, with females outliving males across all treatments. Notably, thermal stress had a persistent effect on the F1 generation, significantly affecting immature stages (egg and larvae), while its impact on reproductive potential was minimal. These findings offer valuable insights for predicting the population dynamics of P. gossypiella at the field level and developing climate-resilient management strategies in cotton.","['D000818', 'D013696', 'D007814', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D003368', 'D007915', 'D005298', 'D009036', 'D008136', 'D011679']"
38951554,A particular epidemiological profile: disparities in access to contraceptive methods in Brazil during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic.,"Our objective was to study disparities in access to contraception during the COVID-19 pandemic. We performed a cross-sectional study at the University of Campinas, Brazil using a Google questionnaire applied from December 2021 until February 2022, disseminated via snowball technique. The survey asked about sociodemographic characteristics and contraceptive use, as well as the demand for new methods and difficulties in continuing to use contraceptives during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed 1018 completed questionnaires; in total, 742 (72.9%) were women aged between 20 and 39 years, 746 (73.3%) were White and 602 (59.2%) used contraceptives. During the COVID-19 pandemic, about 23% of respondents changed their method and approximately 20% of respondents looked for new methods. Among the latter, 31.3% reported some difficulty with obtaining guidance on new methods while only 5.3% of the respondents reported some difficulty with continuing their contraceptive. The main difficulty in both cases was the difficulty with getting a healthcare provider appointment. Our results point to a particular epidemiological population, of younger black and biracial women, with lower education and lower income, which suffered health disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic and found difficulties with using contraceptives and accessing family planning services.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D001938', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D003430', 'D055815', 'D003267', 'D006297', 'D000086402', 'D011795', 'D003268', 'D058873', 'D054625']"
38951538,Pollen foraging preferences in honey bees and the nutrient profiles of the pollen.,"Honey bees are important insect pollinators that provide critical pollination services to fruit and nut crops in the US. They face challenges likely due to pressures associated with agricultural intensification related habitat loss. To better understand this, pollen preferences of foraging bees and the nutritional profile of pollen brought into hives by foraging bees in crop fields and nut orchards can provide valuable information. We trained bees to forage on bee-collected pollen from hives placed for pollination services in almond orchards, sunflower fields, or mixed species from inter-row plantings. Using bees trained to a certain kind of hive pollen, we applied a binary scoring system, to test preferences of these preconditioned foragers. We also performed metabolomic analyses of the hive pollen used for training and testing to elucidate their nutritional content. Irrespective of preconditioning, bees collected all the available choice pollen types, predominantly choosing hive-collected mixed species pollen (MSP), followed by almond orchard pollen. The hive-collected MSP was chemically diverse, richest in cholesterol, vitamins, and phytochemicals quercetin, kaempferol, coumarin, and quinine, but was not consistently high for essential amino acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Although diversity in chemical profiles may not directly relate to plant species diversity, our results suggest that foragers collect a variety of pollen types when available reiterating the importance of diverse floral resources.","['D001516', 'D000818', 'D011058', 'D054817', 'D000078622', 'D000068181', 'D005247']"
38951237,"Investigating the reproductive strategies of Deuterocohnia meziana (Bromeliaceae), an endangered and restricted species from South American rocky outcrops.","Studies of reproductive biology and resources availability to floral visitors by plant species are important to understand the plant-pollinator interactions that drive species adaptation. We aim to understand the relationship between reproduction mechanisms of Deuterocohnia meziana (Bromeliaceae) and pollinators. The species occurs in Bolivia and Paraguay, and it is the only species of the genus found in Brazil, where it is restricted to ironstone outcrops. These areas are currently threatened by the iron mining industry. Additionally, they face risks from fire occurrence and grazing by cattle. We analyzed the floral biology, reproductive system, phenology, and pollination ecology of a natural population of Deuterocohnia meziana, from ironstone outcrops in Brazil. The species exhibits diurnal anthesis, with stigma receptive throughout anthesis, and 77% of pollen viability. Deuterocohnia meziana produces relatively large amounts of nectar, especially early in the morning (32.8 ± 9.4 μl), with a mean sugar concentration of 23.5 (± 3.2) ºBrix. It is self-incompatible with a peak flowering occurring in August (dry season), although flowers are observed continuously throughout the year. The species exhibits two types of inflorescences, young and mature, among which an average of 13.1 and 3.6 flowers open per day, respectively. Hummingbirds and bees are the effective pollinators, although butterflies and ants also visit D. meziana flowers. The species is reliant on exogenous pollen and pollinators for fruit set. The continuous conservation of D. meziana populations and their communities is essential for preserving plant-pollinator mutualism and the floral community adapted to ironstone outcrops.","['D056727', 'D054817', 'D001938', 'D031229', 'D000818', 'D012098', 'D035264']"
38951080,[Analysis of adverse late-term pregnancy outcomes after cervical cold knife conization].,"Objective: To investigate the effects of cervical cold knife conization (CKC) on preterm delivery, other pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes, and explore the relationship between preterm delivery risk and the depth and volume of conization. Methods: The clinical data and pregnancy outcomes of 272 women who underwent CKC in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2002 to March 2018 (conization group) and 1 647 pregnant women who gave birth in Peking Union Medical College Hospital during January to December 2019 (control group) were collected. The preterm delivery, premature rupture of membranes, other pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes of the two groups were compared, and the relationship between the depth and volume of conization and the risk of preterm delivery in postoperative singleton pregnancy was analyzed. Results: (1) There were no significant differences between the two groups in delivery age, parity, proportion of singleton pregnancy, proportion of assisted reproductive technology (all P>0.05). (2) The rate of preterm delivery in the conization group was significantly higher than that in the control group [14.8% (39/264) vs 5.7% (91/1 589); χ2=28.397, P<0.001]. There were still significant differences in preterm delivery rates between the two groups at <34 weeks and 34-37 weeks (all P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the incidence of premature rupture of membrane between the two groups [23.5% (62/264) vs 23.4% (372/1 589); χ2=0.001, P=0.979], but the incidence of preterm premature rupture of membrane in the conization group was significantly higher than that in the control group [11.4% (30/264) vs 2.2% (35/1 589); χ2=56.132, P<0.001]. (3) The rate of cesarean section in the conization group was higher than that in the control group [59.6% (162/272) vs 38.8% (639/1 647); χ2=41.377, P<0.001]. The birth weight of preterm infants in the conization group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(2 409±680) vs (2 150±684) g; t=2.184, P=0.030]. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, the birth weight of full-term infants, incidence of small for gestational age infant and neonatal intensive care unit admission rate between the two groups (all P>0.05). (4) The preterm delivery rates of coning depth >15 mm, cone size ≥2 cm3 and cone size <2 cm3 were higher than that in the control group (all P<0.05). When the coning depth ≤15 mm, the preterm delivery rate in the conization group was higher than that in the control group, but there was no significant difference (P=0.620). The rate of preterm delivery of pregnant women with coning depth >15 mm was significantly higher than those with coning depth ≤15 mm (RR=3.084, 95%CI: 1.474-6.453; P=0.001). There was no significant difference in the preterm delivery rate between pregnant women with cone size >2 cm3 and those with cone size ≥2 cm3 (RR=1.700, 95%CI: 0.935-3.092; P=0.077). Conclusion: The risk of preterm delivery and preterm premature rupture of membranes in subsequent pregnancies are increased after cervical CKC, and the risk of preterm delivery is positively correlated with the depth of cervical coning.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D019092', 'D011256', 'D047928', 'D000328', 'D005322', 'D002584', 'D011248', 'D012189', 'D007231', 'D002583', 'D002578']"
38951076,[Expert consensus on issues related to abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents].,青春期异常子宫出血（AUB）以排卵功能障碍所致AUB（AUB-O）及凝血相关疾病所致AUB（AUB-C）最为常见。青春期AUB的出血模式主要为不规则出血、经期延长、月经过多（HMB）、经间期出血及无月经。本共识强调通过详细的病史询问、体格检查和辅助检查对AUB病因进行鉴别诊断。对于出现急性HMB的青春期女性进行评估时，应及时、准确判断出血严重程度及生命体征，并进行分级处理，评估应包括失血导致的贫血程度、血清铁蛋白水平、是否存在内分泌紊乱及凝血功能异常。对于急性HMB的青春期女性首要治疗方法包括短效口服避孕药及孕激素为主的药物紧急止血，但对于足量、规范用药治疗失败的部分难治性AUB患者，可以予手术治疗或子宫内膜病理评估。鉴于青春期AUB-O患者很难在短期内建立规律的月经周期、AUB-C患者长期存在HMB，均需要在急性期止血后维持用药以长期管理月经，避免异常出血的反复发作，并注意随访和监测。本共识还在附录中针对出血性疾病、青春期多囊卵巢综合征和下丘脑功能障碍进行了有针对性的简要论述。.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000293', 'D014592', 'D003937', 'D008599', 'D032921', 'D008595', 'D008598', 'D008796']"
38950996,Breastfeeding challenges among adolescent mothers: a phenomenological study at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana.,The natural and best approach to give newborns the nutrients they need for healthy growth and development is through breast feeding. Breastfeeding rates fall more sharply with time for mothers under the age of 20 years.,"['D006801', 'D001942', 'D005869', 'D005260', 'D000293', 'D006784', 'D009035', 'D036301', 'D055815', 'D011247', 'D007231', 'D007407', 'D011253', 'D007722']"
38950992,"Cross-sectional study to investigate the seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii among women attending the antenatal clinic in Namwala, Zambia.","Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). It has a wide host range and is capable of vertical transmission in pregnant women, which may lead to undesirable pregnancy outcomes such as congenital malformations, miscarriage, premature birth and stillbirth. This study investigated the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Namwala District Hospital in Southern Zambia.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D015024', 'D003430', 'D016036', 'D000328', 'D011247', 'D014123', 'D012307', 'D014122', 'D055815', 'D007075', 'D000913', 'D015597', 'D007074', 'D011295']"
38950574,Exploring psychosocial vulnerability among Dutch pregnant women: a register study.,"In the Netherlands adverse perinatal outcomes are also associated with non-medical factors which vary across geographical locations. This study analyses the presence of non-medical vulnerabilities in pregnant women in two regions with high numbers of psychosocial adversity using the same definition for vulnerability in both regions. A register study was performed in 2 regions. Files from women in midwife-led care were analyzed using a standardized case report form addressing non-medical vulnerability based on the Rotterdam definition for vulnerability: measurement A in Groningen (n = 500), measurement B in South-Limburg (n = 538). Only in South-Limburg a second measurement was done after implementing an identification tool for vulnerability (C (n = 375)). In both regions about 10% of pregnant women had one or more urgent vulnerabilities and almost all of these women had an accumulation of several urgent and non-urgent vulnerabilities. Another 10% of women had an accumulation of three or more non-urgent vulnerabilities. This study showed that by using the Rotterdam definition of vulnerability in both regions about 20% of pregnant women seem to live in such a vulnerable situation that they may need psychosocial support. The definition seems a good tool to determine vulnerability. However, without considering protective factors it is difficult to establish precisely women's vulnerability. Research should reveal whether relevant women receive support and whether this approach contributes to better perinatal and child outcomes.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D009426', 'D000328', 'D012042', 'D035862', 'D037841']"
38950096,Association Between Genes in the Nuclear Factor E2-Related Factor 2 Antioxidative Response Elements Pathway and Cancer-Related Fatigue in Women With Early-Stage Breast Cancer.,To explore genes in the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 antioxidative response elements (Nrf2-ARE) signaling pathway using a multiomics approach for associations with variability of cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in postmenopausal women with early-stage hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D001943', 'D051267', 'D005221', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D061745', 'D015398', 'D017698', 'D010414', 'D009367']"
38950092,DNA Methylation of BDNF and RASA2 Genes Is Associated With Cognitive Function in Postmenopausal Women With Breast Cancer.,To determine associations among DNA methylation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and RAS p21 protein activator 2 (RASA2) genes with processing speed and perceived cognitive function.,"['D006801', 'D019208', 'D005260', 'D019175', 'D008875', 'D003430', 'D001943', 'D000368', 'D017698', 'D003071']"
38950042,"Maternal death surveillance and response system evaluation in Makonde District, Zimbabwe, 2021.","Maternal mortality is of global concern, almost 800 women die every day due to maternal complications. The maternal death surveillance and response (MDSR) system is one strategy designed to reduce maternal mortality. In 2021 Makonde District reported a maternal mortality ratio of 275 per 100 000 and only sixty-two percent of deaths recorded were audited. We evaluated the MDSR system in Makonde to assess its performance.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D015030', 'D003430', 'D063130', 'D008428', 'D011247', 'D000328', 'D006282', 'D011795', 'D011159']"
38950040,Providers' experiences with abortion care: A scoping review.,"Induced abortion is one of the most common gynecological procedures in the world, with as many as three in every ten pregnancies ending in abortion. It, however, remains controversial. The objective of this scoping review was to explore and map existing literature on the experiences of those who provide abortion care.","['D006801', 'D000028', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D006282', 'D057545', 'D001291']"
38950031,"Understanding sexual health service access for gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Ireland during the COVID-19 crisis: Findings from the EMERGE survey.","In the Republic of Ireland, the COVID-19 crisis led to sexual health service closures while clinical staff were redeployed to the pandemic response. Gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) face pre-existing sexual health inequalities which may have been exacerbated. The aim of this study is to understand sexual health service accessibility for gbMSM in Ireland during the COVID-19 crisis.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000086382', 'D007494', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D006297', 'D018451', 'D000074384', 'D011795', 'D055815', 'D000072339', 'D000293', 'D000086402', 'D058873', 'D015658', 'D000368', 'D001727']"
38950030,Characteristics and outcomes of community-based perinatal peer support: Protocol for a systematic review.,"Mental health issues and parenting difficulties in the perinatal period are common, and have significant negative impacts on individuals, families, and broader society. Community-based peer support programs might be an effective adjunct to standard mental health interventions in perinatal mental health issues, specifically where low-cost interventions are required, or access to professional care is limited.","['D006801', 'D000078202', 'D010379', 'D011247', 'D005260', 'D018743', 'D012944', 'D008603']"
38949541,Pregnancy Outcomes of Nifedipine Compared With Labetalol for Oral Treatment of Mild Chronic Hypertension.,To evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes by type of antihypertensive used in participants of the CHAP (Chronic Hypertension in Pregnancy) trial.,"['D006801', 'D011247', 'D005260', 'D007741', 'D009543', 'D000959', 'D000328', 'D011256', 'D006973', 'D007231', 'D011249', 'D046110', 'D000284', 'D007236', 'D011225', 'D002908']"
38949445,Corrigendum: Risk factors for sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men.,No abstract vailable.,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D012749', 'D012307', 'D018451']"
38949438,"Factors affecting antenatal care attendance in Soweto, Johannesburg: The three-delay model."," Antenatal care remains critical for identifying and managing complications contributing to maternal and infant mortality, yet attendance among women in South Africa persists as a challenge.","['D006801', 'D013019', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D011295', 'D000328', 'D036301', 'D010342', 'D015658', 'D006297', 'D055815', 'D007722', 'D013997', 'D007407']"
38949424,Coincidental discovery of HIV and pregnancy positive status in primary healthcare facilities.," HIV-positive and pregnancy diagnosis is a traumatic, shocking, and distressing experience for women. Adoption of routine HIV counselling and testing in the antenatal programme aimed to increase the uptake and the early diagnosis of HIV among pregnant women to prevent maternal HIV transmission to unborn babies and neonates.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D000328', 'D015658', 'D011320', 'D011251', 'D036301', 'D013019', 'D007407', 'D018445', 'D037841']"
38949423,Midwifery hurdles: Navigating tuberculosis screening challenges in South Africa.," In South Africa, screening for tuberculosis during pregnancy is a serious challenge. Tuberculosis is one of the leading indirect causes of mortality in pregnant women.","['D006801', 'D013019', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D008403', 'D008880', 'D036301', 'D014376', 'D000328', 'D007407']"
38949115,Severity of depressive and anxious symptoms and its association with birth outcomes among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective case-control study.,Comparing the anxiety and depression severity and their impact on subsequent birth outcomes in pregnant women before and during Omicron wave in Shanghai in 2022.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D000086382', 'D000328', 'D016022', 'D003863', 'D001007', 'D011256', 'D011446', 'D002681', 'D011248', 'D000086402', 'D012720', 'D007231', 'D037841']"
38949020,Epigenetic developmental mechanisms underlying sex differences in cancer.,"Cancer risk is modulated by hereditary and somatic mutations, exposures, age, sex, and gender. The mechanisms by which sex and gender work alone and in combination with other cancer risk factors remain underexplored. In general, cancers that occur in both the male and female sexes occur more commonly in XY compared with XX individuals, regardless of genetic ancestry, geographic location, and age. Moreover, XY individuals are less frequently cured of their cancers, highlighting the need for a greater understanding of sex and gender effects in oncology. This will be necessary for optimal laboratory and clinical cancer investigations. To that end, we review the epigenetics of sexual differentiation and its effect on cancer hallmark pathways throughout life. Specifically, we will touch on how sex differences in metabolism, immunity, pluripotency, and tumor suppressor functions are patterned through the epigenetic effects of imprinting, sex chromosome complement, X inactivation, genes escaping X inactivation, sex hormones, and life history.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D009369', 'D008297', 'D044127', 'D012727', 'D000818', 'D049951', 'D012739', 'D018392']"
38954452,Assessment and examination of the respiratory system.,"This article aims to outline the fundamental principles of consultations with and clinical assessments of patients with symptoms that may be indicative of respiratory system pathology. The article explores how to perform a respiratory system-focused patient history and physical examination. An evaluation of clinical 'red flags' to reduce the risk of omitting serious illness is also considered, alongside the exploration of features of respiratory pathology and evidence-based clinical decision-making tools that may be used to support clinical diagnosis.","['D006801', 'D010808', 'D012140', 'D008487', 'D009730', 'D012137']"
38950975,Managing COPD exacerbations in primary care.,"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common but underdiagnosed lung condition that is frequently managed inappropriately. It impacts poorest communities most, where health inequalities are greatest. New acute symptoms of breathlessness, cough, sputum production and wheeze should prompt clinical suspicion of underlying COPD in someone who is a current or ex-smoker (or has exposure to other risk factors) and be followed by referral for quality-assured spirometry once recovered. Management of COPD exacerbations in primary care includes use of short-acting bronchodilators if mild, and antibiotics and a short course of oral prednisolone if moderate/severe. Hospital at home schemes are safe and effective and should be considered for some patients exacerbating in the community; these are increasingly supported by remote monitoring ('virtual wards'). New or worsening hypoxia is an indication for hospital admission and therefore oxygen saturation monitoring is an important part of exacerbation management; clinicians should be aware of patient safety alerts around use of pulse oximeters. Exacerbations drive poor health status and lung function decline and therefore asking about exacerbation frequency at planned reviews and taking action to reduce these is an important part of long-term COPD care. An exacerbation is an opportunity to ensure that fundamentals of good care are addressed. Patients should be supported to understand and act on exacerbations through a supported self-management plan; prompt treatment is beneficial but should be balanced by careful antibiotic and corticosteroid stewardship. COPD rescue packs on repeat prescription are not recommended.","['D029424', 'D006801', 'D011320', 'D001993', 'D000900', 'D018450']"
38949639,Kids' noses resist COVID-19.,"Children resist COVID-19, and previous studies reported increased innate immunity in their upper airways. A new paper by Watkins et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20230911) shows that the nasal mucosa of children is characterized by often asymptomatic viral and/or bacterial infections that dynamically regulate distinct innate immune programs.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D002648', 'D007113', 'D000086402', 'D009297']"
38949200,Bidirectional transfer of human cytomegalovirus strains in donor and recipient seropositive lung transplant patients.,"Donor and recipient human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) seropositive (D+R+) lung transplant recipients (LTRs) often harbor multiple strains of HCMV, likely due to transmitted donor (D) strains and reactivated recipient (R) strains. To date, the extent and timely occurrence of each likely source in shaping the post-transplantation (post-Tx) strain population is unknown. Here, we deciphered the D and R origin of the post-Tx HCMV strain composition in blood, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and CD45+ BAL cell subsets. We investigated either D and/or R formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks or fresh D lung tissue from four D+R+ LTRs obtained before transplantation. HCMV strains were characterized by short amplicon deep sequencing. In two LTRs, we show that the transplanted lung is reseeded by R strains within the first 6 months after transplantation, likely by infiltrating CD14+ CD163+/- alveolar macrophages. In three LTRs, we demonstrate both rapid D-strain dissemination and persistence in the transplanted lung for >1 year post-Tx. Broad inter-host diversity contrasts with intra-host genotype sequence stability upon transmission, during follow-up and across compartments. In D+R+ LTRs, HCMV strains of both, D and R origin can emerge first and dominate long-term in subsequent episodes of infection, indicating replication of both sources despite pre-existing immunity.","['D006801', 'D016040', 'D003587', 'D003586', 'D066027', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D014019', 'D000328', 'D005838', 'D008168', 'D001992']"
38948058,Highlighting fibroblast plasticity in lung fibrosis: the WI-38 cell line as a model for investigating the myofibroblast and lipofibroblast switch.,"Background: Myofibroblasts (MYFs) are generally considered the principal culprits in excessive extracellular matrix deposition and scar formation in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. Lipofibroblasts (LIFs), on the other hand, are defined by their lipid-storing capacity and are predominantly found in the alveolar regions of the lung. They have been proposed to play a protective role in lung fibrosis. We previously reported that a LIF to MYF reversible differentiation switch occurred during fibrosis formation and resolution. In this study, we tested whether WI-38 cells, a human embryonic lung fibroblast cell line, could be used to study fibroblast differentiation towards the LIF or MYF phenotype and whether this could be relevant for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Methods: Using WI-38 cells, Fibroblast (FIB) to MYF differentiation was triggered using TGF-β1 treatment and FIB to LIF differentiation using Metformin treatment. We also analyzed the MYF to LIF and LIF to MYF differentiation by pre-treating the WI-38 cells with TGF-β1 or Metformin respectively. We used IF, qPCR and bulk RNA-Seq to analyze the phenotypic and transcriptomic changes in the cells. We correlated our in vitro transcriptome data from WI-38 cells (obtained via bulk RNA sequencing) with the transcriptomic signature of LIFs and MYFs derived from the IPF cell atlas as well as with our own single-cell transcriptomic data from IPF patients-derived lung fibroblasts (LF-IPF) cultured in vitro. We also carried out alveolosphere assays to evaluate the ability of the proposed LIF and MYF cells to support the growth of alveolar epithelial type 2 cells. Results: WI-38 cells and LF-IPF display similar phenotypical and gene expression responses to TGF-β1 and Metformin treatment. Bulk RNA-Seq analysis of WI-38 cells and LF-IPF treated with TGF-β1, or Metformin indicate similar transcriptomic changes. We also show the partial conservation of the LIF and MYF signature extracted from the Habermann et al. scRNA-seq dataset in WI-38 cells treated with Metformin or TGF-β1, respectively. Alveolosphere assays indicate that LIFs enhance organoid growth, while MYFs inhibit organoid growth. Finally, we provide evidence supporting the MYF to LIF and LIF to MYF reversible switch using WI-38 cells. Conclusions: WI-38 cells represent a versatile and reliable model to study the intricate dynamics of fibroblast differentiation towards the MYF or LIF phenotype associated with lung fibrosis formation and resolution, providing valuable insights to drive future research.","['D006801', 'D058628', 'D002454', 'D005347', 'D002460', 'D054990', 'D053773', 'D008168', 'D059467', 'D008687', 'D000066670', 'D010641']"
38944785,[Fibrophysematous lung changes and microbiota changes in senile persons.].,"Research on the condition of the lungs in senile people is an urgent task. This is due to the fact that degenerative or age-associated changes in the respiratory system play an important role in the formation of senile asthenia syndrome and a decrease in the age-related viability of the body as a whole. CT-scans of patients aged 80-90 years were analyzed (n=31). Age-associated changes were evaluated: the presence of linear fibrosis, increased pulmonary pattern by the type of reticular (reticular) changes, the presence of gross fibrous reticular changes with cystic cavities and air bullae (by the type of «cellular lung»), as well as the presence of pulmonary emphysema. Most naturally, senile people show changes characteristic of linear pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. The progression of the process leads to diffuse reticular changes in the interalveolar and intersegmental septa and, in adverse cases, to the formation of gross changes in the type of «cellular lung». Fibro-emphysematous changes are significantly more common in men. A microbiological study of the microbiota of the lower respiratory tract in elderly people was also carried out (n=16). When studying the microbiocenosis of the lower respiratory tract in elderly people, the following data were obtained: resident microflora was found in 71% and clinically significant microorganisms were found in 29%.","['D006801', 'D000369', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D011656', 'D064307', 'D008168', 'D014057', 'D011658', 'D000375']"
38944739,A Comparative Study of Pulmonary Function Parameters in Construction Workers and Normal Healthy Volunteers.,"Construction work is common all over the world. Construction workers are exposed to various physical, chemical, biological and ergonomic hazards that may directly affect respiratory health. Aim of the study was to assess construction workers' pulmonary function and compare pulmonary function with healthy volunteers. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology ARMCH & RC, Solapur, India from March 2022 to March 2023 on construction workers (n=25) and healthy subjects (n=25). Pulmonary function assessment in both groups was done using a Spiro Excel machine spirometer. The comparison was made between both groups for frequency of respiratory symptoms, spirometry pattern, and spirometry values. Statistical software used unpaired t-test and chi-square test. A normal pattern was observed in 40.0% of healthy subjects compared to 72.0% of construction workers (p<0.05). Restrictive and mixed patterns were evident in 4.0% and 1.0%, respectively, in healthy volunteers compared to 11.0% and 3.0% in construction workers (p<0.05). Statistical difference was seen in all lung function parameters, i.e. FVC, FEV₁, FEV₁/FVC%, FEF 25.0-75.0%, PEFR except MVV between both groups. In conclusion the construction workers are at risk of respiratory function derangement. This derangement is in the form of increased frequency of respiratory symptoms, restrictive & mixed patterns and decreased spirometry values of various parameters.","['D006801', 'D003430', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D012129', 'D013147', 'D064368', 'D060389', 'D007194', 'D008875', 'D008168', 'D005260']"
38944719,Needle Biopsy of Pleura in the Aetiological Diagnosis of Pleural Effusion.,"Exudative pleural effusion appears as manifestation of underlying specific disease process and pleural biopsy is usually enough to find out the underlying causative disease. The aim of the study was to find out the efficacy of needle biopsy of pleura in the aetiological diagnosis of pleural effusion. This cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of one year from January 2008 to December 2008 in the Department of Medicine, Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital, Bogura, Bangladesh enrolling 50 subjects with exudative pleural effusion. The cases with transudative pleural effusion were not included. Needle biopsy was done in all the cases. Histopathological reports of pleural biopsy specimen were correlated with other data and analyzed to detect the causes of effusion. Major incidence of malignant effusion occurred between 41 to 70 years of age. No malignant effusion was found before 30 years of age. Incidence of tuberculous and malignant pleural effusion was much more common in males than in females. Sensitivity and specificity of combined pleural biopsy and pleural fluid analysis in the diagnosis of pleural effusion was 97.06% and 100.% for tuberculosis and 81.82% and 100.0% for malignancy. The present study reveals that pleural biopsy was very effective method in the diagnosis of cause of pleural effusion.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D010996', 'D000328', 'D003430', 'D001707', 'D010994', 'D016066', 'D012680', 'D000293']"
38943505,Modeling brain pathology to study nose-to-brain drug delivery.,"To create a new mucoadhesive dosage form based on PluronicF127 followed by transformation into a gel form upon intranasal administration for targeted delivery to brain tissueMETHODS: Citicoline, cytidine diphosphocholine, designated as CDP-choline, was purchased as a white powder with the molecular weight of 510.31 g/mol. The triblock copolymers of polyethylene glycol-block-polypropylene glycol-block-polyethylene glycol (PEG-PPG-PEG), branded as Pluronic F127, was used.","['D000281', 'D020442', 'D001921', 'D016503', 'D000818', 'D003566', 'D005782', 'D011092', 'D009297']"
38942804,Distinct pulmonary and systemic effects of dexamethasone in severe COVID-19.,"Dexamethasone is the standard of care for critically ill patients with COVID-19, but the mechanisms by which it decreases mortality and its immunological effects in this setting are not understood. Here we perform bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing of samples from the lower respiratory tract and blood, and assess plasma cytokine profiling to study the effects of dexamethasone on both systemic and pulmonary immune cell compartments. In blood samples, dexamethasone is associated with decreased expression of genes associated with T cell activation, including TNFSFR4 and IL21R. We also identify decreased expression of several immune pathways, including major histocompatibility complex-II signaling, selectin P ligand signaling, and T cell recruitment by intercellular adhesion molecule and integrin activation, suggesting these are potential mechanisms of the therapeutic benefit of steroids in COVID-19. We identify additional compartment- and cell- specific differences in the effect of dexamethasone that are reproducible in publicly available datasets, including steroid-resistant interferon pathway expression in the respiratory tract, which may be additional therapeutic targets. In summary, we demonstrate compartment-specific effects of dexamethasone in critically ill COVID-19 patients, providing mechanistic insights with potential therapeutic relevance. Our results highlight the importance of studying compartmentalized inflammation in critically ill patients.","['D003907', 'D006801', 'D000093485', 'D000086382', 'D000086402', 'D008168', 'D016207', 'D016638', 'D008297', 'D059010', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D013601', 'D000368', 'D008213']"
38942729,BMAL1 sex-specific effects in the neonatal mouse airway exposed to moderate hyperoxia.,"Supplemental O2 (hyperoxia) is a critical intervention for premature infants (<34 weeks) but consequently is associated with development of bronchial airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and asthma. Clinical practice shifted toward the use of moderate hyperoxia (<60% O2), but risk for subsequent airway disease remains. In mouse models of moderate hyperoxia, neonatal mice have increased AHR with effects on airway smooth muscle (ASM), a cell type involved in airway tone, bronchodilation, and remodeling. Understanding mechanisms by which moderate O2 during the perinatal period initiates sustained airway changes is critical to drive therapeutic advancements toward treating airway diseases. We propose that cellular clock factor BMAL1 is functionally important in developing mouse airways. In adult mice, cellular clocks target pathways highly relevant to asthma pathophysiology and Bmal1 deletion increases inflammatory response, worsens lung function, and impacts survival outcomes. Our understanding of BMAL1 in the developing lung is limited, but our previous findings show functional relevance of clocks in human fetal ASM exposed to O2. Here, we characterize Bmal1 in our established mouse neonatal hyperoxia model. Our data show that Bmal1 KO deleteriously impacts the developing lung in the context of O2 and these data highlight the importance of neonatal sex in understanding airway disease.","['D000818', 'D018496', 'D056930', 'D051379', 'D005260', 'D000831', 'D008297', 'D008168', 'D008810', 'D018345', 'D012727']"
38942577,Imaging of Pulmonary Manifestations of Connective Tissue Disease.,"The majority of connective tissue diseases (CTDs) are multisystem disorders that are often heterogeneous in their presentation and do not have a single laboratory, histologic, or radiologic feature that is defined as the gold standard to support a specific diagnosis. Given this challenging situation, the diagnosis of CTD is a process that requires the synthesis of multidisciplinary data which may include patient clinical symptoms, serologic evaluation, laboratory testing, and imaging. Pulmonary manifestations of connective tissue disease include interstitial lung disease as well as multicompartmental manifestations. These CT imaging patterns and features of specific diseases will be discussed in this article.","['D006801', 'D003240', 'D014057', 'D017563', 'D008168', 'D008171', 'D008180', 'D012595']"
38941555,Prevalence of Haemophilus influenzae in the nasopharynx of children from regions with varying incidence of invasive H. influenzae serotype a disease: Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN) study.,"Haemophilus influenzae serotype a (Hia) has recently emerged as an important cause of invasive disease in the North American Arctic and Sub-Arctic regions, mainly affecting young Indigenous children. In this study, we addressed the question of whether the prevalence of Hia and all H. influenzae in the nasopharynx differed between paediatric populations from regions with high versus low incidence of invasive Hia disease. Nasopharyngeal specimens from children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) collected for routine diagnostic detection of respiratory viruses were analysed with molecular-genetic methods to identify and serotype H. influenzae. In Nunavut, a region with a high incidence of invasive Hia disease, all H. influenzae and particularly Hia were found in the nasopharynx of 60.6% and 3.0% children. In Southern Ontario (Hamilton region), where Hia invasive disease is rare, the frequencies of all H. influenzae and Hia detection were 38.5% and 0.6%, respectively. In both cohorts, non-typeable H. influenzae was prevalent (57.0% and 37.9%, respectively). Considering that Hia is an important cause of severe invasive disease in Nunavut children, 3% prevalence of Hia among children with ARTI can reflect continuing circulation of the pathogen in the Northern communities that may result in invasive disease outbreaks.","['D006801', 'D006193', 'D006192', 'D002675', 'D009305', 'D015995', 'D007223', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D015994', 'D009864', 'D002648', 'D001110', 'D020957', 'D012141', 'D002170', 'D065288']"
38941424,Pulmonary cryptococcosis in non-HIV-infected individuals: HRCT characteristics in 58 patients.,"The aim of this study is to delineate the distinctive high-resolution computed tomography features of pulmonary cryptococcosis in non-HIV-infected patients. This retrospective analysis encompasses high-resolution computed tomography scans from 58 patients with histologically confirmed pulmonary cryptococcosis, focusing on the diagnostic challenges and the factors that lead to misdiagnosis. Analysis of computed tomography scans from these patients indicated that nodular or mass-like presentations were evident in 32 cases (55.2%), consolidation presentations in 7 cases (12.1%), and mixed presentations in 19 cases (32.8%). Lesions were predominantly located in the lower lobes of the lungs (40 cases, 69.0%) and in peripheral zones (55 cases, 94.8%). Notable radiographic signs included the presence of the burr sign in 55 cases (94.8%), lobulation sign in 53 cases (91.4%), halo sign in 53 cases (91.4%), and air bronchogram in 46 cases (79.0%). Moreover, 24 cases (41.4%) exhibited necrosis or cavitation, mediastinal lymphadenopathy was noted in 6 cases (10.3%), and pleural effusion was present in 5 cases (8.6%). Lesions were devoid of calcification. Pulmonary cryptococcosis ought to be contemplated in the differential diagnosis when computed tomography imaging exhibits patterns including, but not limited to, lower lobe and peripheral distribution, a broad base abutting the pleura, clustered growth with a propensity for fusion, air bronchogram within lesions, and peripheral halo sign.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D008875', 'D003453', 'D014057', 'D008172', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D008168', 'D055815']"
38941023,Metaproteomics for Coinfections in the Upper Respiratory Tract: The Case of COVID-19.,"The upper respiratory tract (URT) is home to a diverse range of microbial species. Respiratory infections disturb the microbial flora in the URT, putting people at risk of secondary infections. The potential dangers and clinical effects of bacterial and fungal coinfections with SARS-CoV-2 support the need to investigate the microbiome of the URT using clinical samples. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based metaproteomics analysis of microbial proteins is a novel approach to comprehensively assess the clinical specimens with complex microbial makeup. The coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic resulting in a plethora of microbial coinfections impeding therapy, prognosis, and overall disease management. In this chapter, the corresponding workflows for MS-based shotgun proteomics and metaproteomic analysis are illustrated.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D040901', 'D060085', 'D000086402', 'D064307', 'D012141', 'D013058', 'D020543', 'D012137']"
38940725,Double lung en bloc procurement and back table separation of lungs.,"Donor organ recovery techniques have improved with novel preservation solutions, implementation of advanced preservation systems and machine perfusion. However, surgical techniques for organ procurement have not changed. In this video tutorial, we have outlined key steps in double lung en bloc organ recovery, including introduction of pulmonoplegia, pulmonectomy en bloc and separation of the two single-lung blocks.","['D006801', 'D016040', 'D009927', 'D020858', 'D008168', 'D009926', 'D014019', 'D011013']"
38938569,Disease-specific autoantibody production in the lungs and salivary glands of anti-synthetase syndrome.,"Interstitial lung disease is a common complication of anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS), and lymphocytic infiltration is often observed in the lesion. We have recently reported that disease-specific autoantibodies are produced by infiltrating lymphocytes in some autoimmune diseases. Here, we investigate the antigen specificity of B cells in the lung lesions of ASS patients. A total of 177 antibodies were produced from antibody-secreting cells in bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) of three each of serum anti-Jo-1 and serum anti-EJ antibody-positive patients. Twelve to 30% and 50 to 62% of these antibodies were disease-specific autoantibodies, respectively. These autoantibodies recognized conformational epitopes of the whole self-antigen and had affinity maturations, indicating that self-antigens themselves are the target of humoral immunity. In addition, 100 antibodies were produced from two salivary gland tissues, obtained by chance, of ASS patients. Salivary glands are not generally recognized as lesions of ASS, but unexpectedly, ASS-related autoantibody production was also observed similar to that of BALF. Immunostaining confirmed the presence of ASS-related autoantibody-producing cells in salivary glands. Our results suggest that disease-specific autoantibody production at lesion sites is a common pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, and that tissue-specific production of autoantibodies can provide insights regarding the distribution of organ manifestations in autoimmune diseases.","['D006801', 'D012469', 'D001323', 'D009220', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008168', 'D008875', 'D001992', 'D000328', 'D001402', 'D017563', 'D001324', 'D000974', 'D000368']"
38938433,Differences in normal nasal computed tomography findings in different dog breeds.,"Computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard for diagnosing canine nasal diseases. However, it cannot easily detect minor abnormalities in inflammatory diseases because they are not accompanied by obvious morphological changes.","['D000818', 'D004285', 'D014057', 'D012189', 'D005260', 'D014420', 'D008297', 'D009297', 'D004283', 'D009296']"
38937806,Multiomic analysis of monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.,"Monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages (Mo_AMs) are increasingly recognised as potential pathogenic factors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). While scRNAseq analysis has proven valuable in the transcriptome profiling of Mo_AMs, the integration analysis of multi-omics may provide additional dimensions of understanding of these cellular populations.","['D006801', 'D054990', 'D016676', 'D009000', 'D008297', 'D020869', 'D005260', 'D019718', 'D008875', 'D010641', 'D008168', 'D005786']"
38937794,Macrophages as determinants and regulators of systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease.,"Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the primary cause of mortality in systemic sclerosis (SSc), an autoimmune disease characterized by tissue fibrosis. SSc-related ILD (SSc-ILD) occurs more frequently in females aged 30-55 years, whereas idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is more prevalent in males aged 60-75 years. SSc-ILD occurs earlier than IPF and progresses rapidly. FCN1, FABP4, and SPP1 macrophages are involved in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis; SPP1 macrophages demonstrate upregulated expression in both SSc-ILD and IPF. To identify the differences between SSc-ILD and IPF using single-cell analysis, clarify their distinct pathogeneses, and propose directions for prevention and treatment.","['D006801', 'D012595', 'D008264', 'D017563', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D054990', 'D000368', 'D005786', 'D059010', 'D008168']"
38937520,Can we measure whether asthma guidelines lead to improved care?,"The British Thoracic Society (BTS) and Scottish Intercollege Guidelines Network (SIGN), as well as National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), have previously produced separate asthma guidance differing in some key aspects in diagnosis and management leading to confusion, potentially hampering guideline dissemination and uptake. While there are inherent challenges, the upcoming release of new joint BTS/SIGN/NICE asthma guidance presents an opportunity to assess guideline adoption and its impact on clinical practice. The use of prescription data via databases such as OpenPrescribing can be used as a surrogate for guideline adoption and potentially linked to clinical outcomes such as hospital episode statistics (HES). The potential recommendation for anti-inflammatory reliever therapy (AIR) and maintenance and reliever therapy (MART) with inhaled corticosteroid/formoterol combination therapy in the next iteration of UK asthma guidance will require the accurate coding for the respective therapeutic approaches on prescribing platforms in order to assess their impact in real-life clinical practice. This could then direct targeted measures to improve wider guidance adoption leading to better clinical care in asthma based on up to date evidence.","['D006801', 'D001249', 'D017410', 'D006113', 'D018927', 'D019983', 'D000305']"
38937463,Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain with deletions in menT3 and menT4 is attenuated and confers protection in mice and guinea pigs.,"The genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes for a large repertoire of toxin-antitoxin systems. In the present study, MenT3 and MenT4 toxins belonging to MenAT subfamily of TA systems have been functionally characterized. We demonstrate that ectopic expression of these toxins inhibits bacterial growth and this is rescued upon co-expression of their cognate antitoxins. Here, we show that simultaneous deletion of menT3 and menT4 results in enhanced susceptibility of M. tuberculosis upon exposure to oxidative stress and attenuated growth in guinea pigs and mice. We observed reduced expression of transcripts encoding for proteins that are essential or required for intracellular growth in mid-log phase cultures of ΔmenT4ΔT3 compared to parental strain. Further, the transcript levels of proteins involved in efficient bacterial clearance were increased in lung tissues of ΔmenT4ΔT3 infected mice relative to parental strain infected mice. We show that immunization of mice and guinea pigs with ΔmenT4ΔT3 confers significant protection against M. tuberculosis infection. Remarkably, immunization of mice with ΔmenT4ΔT3 results in increased antigen-specific TH1 bias and activated memory T cell response. We conclude that MenT3 and MenT4 are important for M. tuberculosis pathogenicity and strains lacking menT3 and menT4 have the potential to be explored further as vaccine candidates.","['D000818', 'D006168', 'D009169', 'D051379', 'D001426', 'D014376', 'D005260', 'D008168', 'D017353', 'D001427', 'D008810', 'D032581', 'D018384', 'D014774']"
38937456,Lung injury-induced activated endothelial cell states persist in aging-associated progressive fibrosis.,"Progressive lung fibrosis is associated with poorly understood aging-related endothelial cell dysfunction. To gain insight into endothelial cell alterations in lung fibrosis we performed single cell RNA-sequencing of bleomycin-injured lungs from young and aged mice. Analysis reveals activated cell states enriched for hypoxia, glycolysis and YAP/TAZ activity in ACKR1+ venous and TrkB+ capillary endothelial cells. Endothelial cell activation is prevalent in lungs of aged mice and can also be detected in human fibrotic lungs. Longitudinal single cell RNA-sequencing combined with lineage tracing demonstrate that endothelial activation resolves in young mouse lungs but persists in aged ones, indicating a failure of the aged vasculature to return to quiescence. Genes associated with activated lung endothelial cells states in vivo can be induced in vitro by activating YAP/TAZ. YAP/TAZ also cooperate with BDNF, a TrkB ligand that is reduced in fibrotic lungs, to promote capillary morphogenesis. These findings offer insights into aging-related lung endothelial cell dysfunction that may contribute to defective lung injury repair and persistent fibrosis.","['D000818', 'D042783', 'D000375', 'D001761', 'D006801', 'D051379', 'D011658', 'D008168', 'D055370', 'D020813', 'D008810', 'D019208', 'D000091102', 'D008297', 'D059010', 'D048868', 'D005260', 'D004195']"
38937031,Biophysics of morphogenesis in the vertebrate lung.,"Morphogenesis is a physical process that sculpts the final functional forms of tissues and organs. Remarkably, the lungs of terrestrial vertebrates vary dramatically in form across species, despite providing the same function of transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide. These divergent forms arise from distinct physical processes through which the epithelium of the embryonic lung responds to the mechanical properties of its surrounding mesenchymal microenvironment. Here we compare the physical processes that guide folding of the lung epithelium in mammals, birds, and reptiles, and suggest a conceptual framework that reconciles how conserved molecular signaling generates divergent mechanical forces across these species.","['D000818', 'D009024', 'D008168', 'D014714', 'D006801']"
38936937,SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Induces Oxidative Stress and Senescence in Mouse and Human Lung.,"There is concern that people who had COVID-19 will develop pulmonary fibrosis. Using mouse models, we compared pulmonary inflammation following injection of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) to radiation-induced inflammation to demonstrate similarities between the two models. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) induces inflammatory cytokines and stress responses, which are also common to ionizing irradiation-induced acute pulmonary damage. Cellular senescence, which is a late effect following exposure to SARS-CoV-2 as well as radiation, was investigated.","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D006801', 'D064370', 'D018384', 'D016922', 'D000086402', 'D000086382', 'D008168', 'D017382', 'D004195', 'D053903', 'D002460', 'D016212']"
38936886,Application of Innovative 3D Pathological Tactic for Diagnosis of Organizing Pneumonia.,"The pathological diagnosis of organizing pneumonia (OP) relies on conventional traditional histopathological analysis, which involves examining stained thin slices of tissue. However, this method often results in suboptimal diagnostic objectivity due to low tissue sampling rates. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of tissue-clearing and infiltration-enhanced 3D spatial imaging techniques for elucidating the tissue architecture of OP.","['D006801', 'D021621', 'D008168', 'D018549', 'D008297', 'D000092124']"
38935764,The microbiota and the host organism switch between cooperation and competition based on dietary iron levels.,"The microbiota significantly impacts digestive epithelium functionality, especially in nutrient processing. Given the importance of iron for both the host and the microbiota, we hypothesized that host-microbiota interactions fluctuate with dietary iron levels. We compared germ-free (GF) and conventional mice (SPF) fed iron-containing (65 mg/Kg) or iron-depleted (<6 mg/Kg) diets. The efficacy of iron privation was validated by iron blood parameters. Ferritin and Dmt1, which represent cellular iron storage and transport respectively, were studied in tissues where they are abundant: the duodenum, liver and lung. When the mice were fed an iron-rich diet, the microbiota increased blood hemoglobin and hepcidin and the intestinal ferritin levels, suggesting that the microbiota helps iron storage. When iron was limiting, the microbiota inhibited the expression of the intestinal Dmt1 transporter, likely via the pathway triggered by Hif-2α. The microbiota assists the host in storing intestinal iron when it is abundant and competes with the host by inhibiting Dmt1 in conditions of iron scarcity. Comparison between duodenum, liver and lung indicates organ-specific responses to microbiota and iron availability. Iron depletion induced temporal changes in microbiota composition and activity, reduced α-diversity of microbiota, and led to Lactobacillaceae becoming particularly more abundant after 60 days of privation. By inoculating GF mice with a simplified bacterial mixture, we show that the iron-depleted host favors the gut fitness of Bifidobacterium longum.","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D000069196', 'D019266', 'D027682', 'D008099', 'D004386', 'D064451', 'D005293', 'D005856', 'D000076662', 'D008168', 'D007501', 'D051792', 'D001419', 'D008810', 'D006454', 'D008297']"
38935708,Mef2d potentiates type-2 immune responses and allergic lung inflammation.,"Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and adaptive T lymphocytes promote tissue homeostasis and protective immune responses. Their production depends on the transcription factor GATA3, which is further elevated specifically in ILC2s and T helper 2 cells to drive type-2 immunity during tissue repair, allergic disorders, and anti-helminth immunity. The control of this crucial up-regulation is poorly understood. Using CRISPR screens in ILCs we identified previously unappreciated myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2d (Mef2d)-mediated regulation of GATA3-dependent type-2 lymphocyte differentiation. Mef2d-deletion from ILC2s and/or T cells specifically protected against an allergen lung challenge. Mef2d repressed Regnase-1 endonuclease expression to enhance IL-33 receptor production and IL-33 signaling and acted downstream of calcium-mediated signaling to translocate NFAT1 to the nucleus to promote type-2 cytokine-mediated immunity.","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D064326', 'D018418', 'D007113', 'D000067596', 'D050778', 'D011014', 'D050990', 'D008810', 'D002454', 'D020013', 'D006967', 'D008168', 'D000485', 'D008214', 'D000072179']"
38935660,Sivelestat improves acute lung injury by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.,To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of sivelestat sodium on acute lung injury (AIL).,"['D000818', 'D058570', 'D055371', 'D015398', 'D051057', 'D019869', 'D051381', 'D008297', 'D005998', 'D013449', 'D017207', 'D008168', 'D004195']"
38935548,Conventional and Contrast-enhanced US of the Lung: From Performance to Diagnosis.,"In recent years, lung US has evolved from a marginal tool to an integral component of diagnostic chest imaging. Contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) can improve routine gray-scale imaging of the lung and chest, particularly in diagnosis of peripheral lung diseases (PLDs). Although an underused tool in many centers, and despite inherent limitations in evaluation of central lung disease caused by high acoustic impedance between air and soft tissues, lung CEUS has emerged as a valuable tool in diagnosis of PLDs. Owing to the dual arterial supply to the lungs via pulmonary and bronchial (systemic) arteries, different enhancement patterns can be observed at lung CEUS, thereby enabling accurate differential diagnoses in various PLDs. Lung CEUS also assists in identifying patients who may benefit from complementary diagnostic tests, including image-guided percutaneous biopsy. Moreover, lung CEUS-guided percutaneous biopsy has shown feasibility in accessible subpleural lesions, enabling higher histopathologic performance without significantly increasing either imaging time or expenses compared with conventional US. The authors discuss the technique of and basic normal and pathologic findings at conventional lung US, followed by a more detailed discussion of lung CEUS applications, emphasizing specific aspects of pulmonary physiology, basic concepts in lung US enhancement, and the most commonly encountered enhancement patterns of different PLDs. Finally, they discuss the benefits of lung CEUS in planning and guidance of US-guided lung biopsy. ©RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article.","['D006801', 'D003287', 'D008171', 'D014463', 'D003937', 'D007089', 'D008168', 'D061705']"
38935032,Ectoine Enhances Mucin Production Via Restoring IL-13/IFN-γ Balance in a Murine Dry Eye Model.,"This study aimed to explore protective effects and potential mechanism of ectoine, a natural osmoprotectant, on ocular surface mucin production in dry eye disease.","['D000818', 'D015352', 'D051379', 'D008810', 'D004195', 'D020397', 'D007371', 'D009077', 'D018793', 'D003228', 'D004797', 'D005260', 'D019573', 'D060888', 'D012333', 'D000599']"
38934666,[Modern view on the effectiveness of surgical methods for treating obstructive sleep apnea syndrome].,"Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is not only a widespread pathology, but also has far-reaching social consequences due to patients' poor quality of nighttime sleep and high daytime sleepiness. To date, a large number of methods, both conservative and surgical, have been developed for the treatment of OSA. Surgeries performed for OSA are aimed at correcting the structures of the nose, pharynx, larynx, as well as the hyoid and jaw bones and the muscles attached to them. Despite the seventy-five-year history of the use of surgical treatment methods, there is still no complete clarity regarding the advisability of certain types of operations. The article presents data from meta-analyses published over the last ten years and devoted to various types of surgical procedures aimed at combating OSA in adult and pediatric populations. Rhinosurgical approaches, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, surgical advancement of the lower jaw in adults and expansion of the upper jaw in children, interventions on the hyoid bone and mental tubercle, removal of the palatine and pharyngeal tonsils, operations for laryngomalacia and bariatric surgery are considered. Data on the effectiveness of the most common operations: tonsillectomy in adults (85%), multilevel pharyngoplasty (60%); and about a wide range of data on the effectiveness of uvulopalatoplasty (25 to 94%) are presented. Effective surgical options and criteria for a positive prognosis of such treatment, the possibility of complete cure of OSA, that is, reducing the apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) below 5 events per hour in adults, are discussed. In conclusion, the need to continue research using Sher's criteria for the effectiveness of surgical operations is emphasized: a reduction in AHI by 50% or more or below 20 events per hour. Research that includes long-term postoperative follow-up is especially important.","['D006801', 'D020181', 'D014068', 'D010614', 'D016896', 'D013517', 'D050110']"
38934407,Orally administered yeast-derived β-glucan alleviates mast cell-dependent airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in a murine model of asthma.,"Particulate β-glucans (WGP) are natural compounds with regulatory roles in various biological processes, including tumorigenesis and inflammatory diseases such as allergic asthma. However, their impact on mast cells (MCs), contributors to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation in asthma mice, remains unknown.","['D000818', 'D001249', 'D008407', 'D051379', 'D004195', 'D000284', 'D008810', 'D047071', 'D016207', 'D007249', 'D010047', 'D012130', 'D001992', 'D008168']"
38934401,Exosomes in asthma: Underappreciated contributors to the pathogenesis and novel therapeutic tools.,"Asthma, a chronic inflammatory disease with diverse pathomechanisms, presents challenges in developing personalized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of exosomes, small extracellular vesicles, in asthma pathophysiology and explores their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic tools.","['D055354', 'D006801', 'D001249', 'D015415', 'D000818', 'D008168', 'D002450']"
38932539,[Pulmonary PET /CT image instance segmentation based on dense interactive feature fusion Mask RCNN].,"There are some problems in positron emission tomography/ computed tomography (PET/CT) lung images, such as little information of feature pixels in lesion regions, complex and diverse shapes, and blurred boundaries between lesions and surrounding tissues, which lead to inadequate extraction of tumor lesion features by the model. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a dense interactive feature fusion Mask RCNN (DIF-Mask RCNN) model. Firstly, a feature extraction network with cross-scale backbone and auxiliary structures was designed to extract the features of lesions at different scales. Then, a dense interactive feature enhancement network was designed to enhance the lesion detail information in the deep feature map by interactively fusing the shallowest lesion features with neighboring features and current features in the form of dense connections. Finally, a dense interactive feature fusion feature pyramid network (FPN) network was constructed, and the shallow information was added to the deep features one by one in the bottom-up path with dense connections to further enhance the model's perception of weak features in the lesion region. The ablation and comparison experiments were conducted on the clinical PET/CT lung image dataset. The results showed that the APdet, APseg, APdet_s and APseg_s indexes of the proposed model were 67.16%, 68.12%, 34.97% and 37.68%, respectively. Compared with Mask RCNN (ResNet50), APdet and APseg indexes increased by 7.11% and 5.14%, respectively. DIF-Mask RCNN model can effectively detect and segment tumor lesions. It provides important reference value and evaluation basis for computer-aided diagnosis of lung cancer.","['D006801', 'D008175', 'D000072078', 'D008168', 'D000465', 'D007091', 'D016571']"
38932529,[Dielectric properties of tidal volume changes in rabbit lung tissue in the 100 MHz~1 GHz band].,"This paper investigates the variation of lung tissue dielectric properties with tidal volume under in vivo conditions to provide reliable and valid a priori information for techniques such as microwave imaging. In this study, the dielectric properties of the lung tissue of 30 rabbits were measured in vivo using the open-end coaxial probe method in the frequency band of 100 MHz to 1 GHz, and 6 different sets of tidal volumes (30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 mL) were set up to study the trends of the dielectric properties, and the data at 2 specific frequency points (433 and 915 MHz) were analyzed statistically. It was found that the dielectric coefficient and conductivity of lung tissue tended to decrease with increasing tidal volume in the frequency range of 100 MHz to 1 GHz, and the differences in the dielectric properties of lung tissue for the 6 groups of tidal volumes at 2 specific frequency points were statistically significant. This paper showed that the dielectric properties of lung tissue tend to vary non-linearly with increasing tidal volume. Based on this, more accurate biological tissue parameters can be provided for bioelectromagnetic imaging techniques such as microwave imaging, which could provide a scientific basis and experimental data support for the improvement of diagnostic methods and equipment for lung diseases.","['D000818', 'D011817', 'D013990', 'D008168', 'D017097', 'D004553', 'D000080925', 'D008872']"
38932528,[Research of electrical impedance tomography based on multilayer artificial neural network optimized by Hadamard product for human-chest models].,"Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-radiation, non-invasive visual diagnostic technique. In order to improve the imaging resolution and the removing artifacts capability of the reconstruction algorithms for electrical impedance imaging in human-chest models, the HMANN algorithm was proposed using the Hadamard product to optimize multilayer artificial neural networks (MANN). The reconstructed images of the HMANN algorithm were compared with those of the generalized vector sampled pattern matching (GVSPM) algorithm, truncated singular value decomposition (TSVD) algorithm, backpropagation (BP) neural network algorithm, and traditional MANN algorithm. The simulation results showed that the correlation coefficient of the reconstructed images obtained by the HMANN algorithm was increased by 17.30% in the circular cross-section models compared with the MANN algorithm. It was increased by 13.98% in the lung cross-section models. In the lung cross-section models, some of the correlation coefficients obtained by the HMANN algorithm would decrease. Nevertheless, the HMANN algorithm retained the image information of the MANN algorithm in all models, and the HMANN algorithm had fewer artifacts in the reconstructed images. The distinguishability between the objects and the background was better compared with the traditional MANN algorithm. The algorithm could improve the correlation coefficient of the reconstructed images, and effectively remove the artifacts, which provides a new direction to effectively improve the quality of the reconstructed images for EIT.","['D006801', 'D016571', 'D017097', 'D000465', 'D014054', 'D013909', 'D007091', 'D008168']"
38932283,Genetic Characterization and Pathogenicity of a Recombinant Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Strain in China.,"Since it was first reported in 2013, the NADC30-like PRRSV has been epidemic in China. Hubei Province is known as China's key hog-exporting region. To understand the prevalence and genetic variation of PRRSV, herein, we detected and analyzed 317 lung tissue samples from pigs with respiratory disease in Hubei Province, and demonstrated that the NADC30-like strain was the second-most predominant strain during 2017-2018, following the highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV). Additionally, we isolated a new NADC30-like PRRSV strain, named CHN-HB-2018, which could be stably passaged in Marc-145 cells. Genetic characterization analysis showed that compared with the NADC30 strain, the CHN-HB-2018 strain had several amino acid variations in glycoprotein (GP) 3, GP5, and nonstructural protein 2 (NSP2). Moreover, the CHN-HB-2018 strain showed a unique 5-amino acid (aa) deletion in NSP2, which has not previously been reported. Gene recombination analysis identified the CHN-HB-2018 strain as a potentially recombinant PRRSV of the NADC30-like strain and HP-PRRSV. Animal experiments indicated that the CHN-HB-2018 strain has a mild pathogenicity, with no mortality and only mild fever observed in piglets. This study contributes to defining the evolutionary characteristics of PRRSV and its molecular epidemiology in Hubei Province, and provides a potential candidate strain for PRRSV vaccine development.","['D019316', 'D000818', 'D013552', 'D019318', 'D002681', 'D010802', 'D014774', 'D016679', 'D011995', 'D014644', 'D008168']"
38932250,Epidemiological and Genetic Characteristics of Respiratory Viral Coinfections with Different Variants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).,"This study aimed to determine the incidence and etiological, seasonal, and genetic characteristics of respiratory viral coinfections involving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Between October 2020 and January 2024, nasopharyngeal samples were collected from 2277 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. Two multiplex approaches were used to detect and sequence SARS-CoV-2, influenza A/B viruses, and other seasonal respiratory viruses: multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and multiplex next-generation sequencing. Coinfections of SARS-CoV-2 with other respiratory viruses were detected in 164 (7.2%) patients. The most common co-infecting virus was respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (38 cases, 1.7%), followed by bocavirus (BoV) (1.2%) and rhinovirus (RV) (1.1%). Patients ≤ 16 years of age had the highest rate (15%) of mixed infections. Whole-genome sequencing produced 19 complete genomes of seasonal respiratory viral co-pathogens, which were subjected to phylogenetic and amino acid analyses. The detected influenza viruses were classified into the genetic groups 6B.1A.5a.2a and 6B.1A.5a.2a.1 for A(H1N1)pdm09, 3C.2a1b.2a.2a.1 and 3C.2a.2b for A(H3N2), and V1A.3a.2 for the B/Victoria lineage. The RSV-B sequences belonged to the genetic group GB5.0.5a, with HAdV-C belonging to type 1, BoV to genotype VP1, and PIV3 to lineage 1a(i). Multiple amino acid substitutions were identified, including at the antibody-binding sites. This study provides insights into respiratory viral coinfections involving SARS-CoV-2 and reinforces the importance of genetic characterization of co-pathogens in the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies.","['D006801', 'D060085', 'D000086402', 'D000086382', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000293', 'D010802', 'D002675', 'D002648', 'D000368', 'D055815', 'D007223', 'D012141', 'D012229', 'D009980', 'D018113', 'D009305', 'D000073336', 'D002681', 'D012621', 'D000369', 'D016679', 'D009981']"
38932247,Spontaneous Lethal Outbreak of Influenza A Virus Infection in Vaccinated Sows on Two Farms Suggesting the Occurrence of Vaccine-Associated Enhanced Respiratory Disease with Eosinophilic Lung Pathology.,"Influenza A virus (IAV) infections in swine are usually subclinical, but they can reach high morbidity rates. The mortality rate is normally low. In this study, six vaccinated, spontaneously deceased sows revealed IAV infection and enhanced neutrophilic bronchopneumonia with unexpectedly large numbers of infiltrating eosinophils. The purpose of this study was to characterize these lung lesions with special emphasis on the phenotypes of inflammatory cells, the presence of eosinophilic peroxidase (EPO), and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The number of Sirius red-stained eosinophils was significantly higher in the lungs of IAV-infected sows compared to healthy pigs, indicating a migration of eosinophils from blood vessels into the lung tissue stimulated by IAV infection. The detection of intra- and extracellular EPO in the lungs suggests its contribution to pulmonary damage. The presence of CD3+ T lymphocytes, CD20+ B lymphocytes, and Iba-1+ macrophages indicates the involvement of cell-mediated immune responses in disease progression. Furthermore, high numbers of myeloperoxidase-positive cells were detected. However, DNA-histone-1 complexes were reduced in IAV-infected sows, leading to the hypothesis that NETs are not formed in the IAV-infected sows. In conclusion, our findings in the lungs of IAV-infected vaccinated sows suggest the presence of so far unreported field cases of vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease.","['D000818', 'D013552', 'D008168', 'D013553', 'D009976', 'D005260', 'D007252', 'D009980', 'D004196', 'D004804', 'D065206', 'D014611', 'D047209']"
38932245,Exploring the Complexity of the Human Respiratory Virome through an In Silico Analysis of Shotgun Metagenomic Data Retrieved from Public Repositories.,"Respiratory viruses significantly impact global morbidity and mortality, causing more disease in humans than any other infectious agent. Beyond pathogens, various viruses and bacteria colonize the respiratory tract without causing disease, potentially influencing respiratory diseases' pathogenesis. Nevertheless, our understanding of respiratory microbiota is limited by technical constraints, predominantly focusing on bacteria and neglecting crucial populations like viruses. Despite recent efforts to improve our understanding of viral diversity in the human body, our knowledge of viral diversity associated with the human respiratory tract remains limited.","['D006801', 'D056186', 'D000083422', 'D016679', 'D012137', 'D014780', 'D054892', 'D003198', 'D010802', 'D019295', 'D064307', 'D001435']"
38932231,Transcriptome Analysis in Air-Liquid Interface Porcine Respiratory Epithelial Cell Cultures Reveals That the Betacoronavirus Porcine Encephalomyelitis Hemagglutinating Virus Induces a Robust Interferon Response to Infection.,"Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) replicates in the upper respiratory tract and tonsils of pigs. Using an air-liquid interface porcine respiratory epithelial cells (ALI-PRECs) culture system, we demonstrated that PHEV disrupts respiratory epithelia homeostasis by impairing ciliary function and inducing antiviral, pro-inflammatory cytokine, and chemokine responses. This study explores the mechanisms driving early innate immune responses during PHEV infection through host transcriptome analysis. Total RNA was collected from ALI-PRECs at 24, 36, and 48 h post inoculation (hpi). RNA-seq analysis was performed using an Illumina Hiseq 600 to generate 100 bp paired-end reads. Differential gene expression was analyzed using DeSeq2. PHEV replicated actively in ALI-PRECs, causing cytopathic changes and progressive mucociliary disruption. Transcriptome analysis revealed downregulation of cilia-associated genes such as CILK1, DNAH11, LRRC-23, -49, and -51, and acidic sialomucin CD164L2. PHEV also activated antiviral signaling pathways, significantly increasing the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (RSAD2, MX1, IFIT, and ISG15) and chemokine genes (CCL5 and CXCL10), highlighting inflammatory regulation. This study contributes to elucidating the molecular mechanisms of the innate immune response to PHEV infection of the airway epithelium, emphasizing the critical roles of the mucociliary, interferon, and chemokine responses.","['D000818', 'D013552', 'D020869', 'D004847', 'D007372', 'D000073641', 'D007113', 'D014779', 'D018352', 'D016207', 'D059467', 'D020545', 'D013553', 'D002478', 'D000085686']"
38932202,Respiratory Virus-Induced PARP1 Alters DC Metabolism and Antiviral Immunity Inducing Pulmonary Immunopathology.,"Previous studies from our laboratory and others have established the dendritic cell (DC) as a key target of RSV that drives infection-induced pathology. Analysis of RSV-induced transcriptomic changes in RSV-infected DC revealed metabolic gene signatures suggestive of altered cellular metabolism. Reverse phase protein array (RPPA) data showed significantly increased PARP1 phosphorylation in RSV-infected DC. Real-time cell metabolic analysis demonstrated increased glycolysis in PARP1-/- DC after RSV infection, confirming a role for PARP1 in regulating DC metabolism. Our data show that enzymatic inhibition or genomic ablation of PARP1 resulted in increased ifnb1, il12, and il27 in RSV-infected DC which, together, promote a more appropriate anti-viral environment. PARP1-/- mice and PARP1-inhibitor-treated mice were protected against RSV-induced immunopathology including airway inflammation, Th2 cytokine production, and mucus hypersecretion. However, delayed treatment with PARP1 inhibitor in RSV-infected mice provided only partial protection, suggesting that PARP1 is most important during the earlier innate immune stage of RSV infection.","['D000818', 'D000071137', 'D051379', 'D003713', 'D018357', 'D008168', 'D012136', 'D018345', 'D016207', 'D007113', 'D005260']"
38932201,Coxsackievirus A7 and Enterovirus A71 Significantly Reduce SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Cell and Animal Models.,"In this study, we investigated the features of co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and the enterovirus vaccine strain LEV8 of coxsackievirus A7 or enterovirus A71 for Vero E6 cells and Syrian hamsters. The investigation of co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and LEV-8 or EV-A71 in the cell model showed that a competitive inhibitory effect for these viruses was especially significant against SARS-CoV-2. Pre-infection with enteroviruses in the animals caused more than a 100-fold decrease in the levels of SARS-CoV-2 virus replication in the respiratory tract and more rapid clearance of infectious SARS-CoV-2 from the lower respiratory tract. Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and LEV-8 or EV-A71 also reduced the severity of clinical manifestations of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the animals. Additionally, the histological data illustrated that co-infection with strain LEV8 of coxsackievirus A7 decreased the level of pathological changes induced by SARS-CoV-2 in the lungs. Research into the chemokine/cytokine profile demonstrated that the studied enteroviruses efficiently triggered this part of the antiviral immune response, which is associated with the significant inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These results demonstrate that there is significant viral interference between the studied strain LEV-8 of coxsackievirus A7 or enterovirus A71 and SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in vivo.","['D000818', 'D002522', 'D014709', 'D000086402', 'D000086382', 'D004195', 'D014779', 'D029821', 'D008647', 'D060085', 'D008168', 'D006801', 'D016207', 'D006224']"
38932196,Lung Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Late Sequelae of COVID-19 Pneumonia-A Comparison with Chest Computed Tomography: A Prospective Study.,"The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic allowed physicians to gain experience in lung ultrasound (LUS) during the acute phase of the disease. However, limited data are available on LUS findings during the recovery phase. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of LUS to assess lung involvement in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome. This study prospectively enrolled 72 patients who underwent paired LUS and chest CT scans (112 pairs including follow-up). The most frequent CT findings were ground glass opacities (83.3%), subpleural lines (72.2%), traction bronchiectasis (37.5%), and consolidations (31.9%). LUS revealed irregular pleural lines as a common abnormality initially (56.9%), along with subpleural consolidation >2.5 mm ≤10 mm (26.5%) and B-lines (26.5%). A strong correlation was found between LUS score, calculated by artificial intelligence percentage involvement in ground glass opacities described in CT (r = 0.702, p < 0.05). LUS score was significantly higher in the group with fibrotic changes compared to the non-fibrotic group with a mean value of 19.4 ± 5.7 to 11 ± 6.6, respectively (p < 0.0001). LUS might be considered valuable for examining patients with persistent symptoms after recovering from COVID-19 pneumonia. Abnormalities identified through LUS align with CT scan findings; thus, LUS might potentially reduce the need for frequent chest CT examinations.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D011446', 'D008168', 'D014463', 'D008875', 'D014057', 'D000368', 'D000086402', 'D000328']"
38932155,Sequential Infection with Influenza A Virus Followed by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Leads to More Severe Disease and Encephalitis in a Mouse Model of COVID-19.,"COVID-19 is a spectrum of clinical symptoms in humans caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2. The coalescence of SARS-CoV-2 with seasonal respiratory viruses, particularly influenza viruses, is a global health concern. To understand this, transgenic mice expressing the human ACE2 receptor (K18-hACE2) were infected with influenza A virus (IAV) followed by SARS-CoV-2 and the host response and effect on virus biology was compared to K18-hACE2 mice infected with IAV or SARS-CoV-2 alone. The sequentially infected mice showed reduced SARS-CoV-2 RNA synthesis, yet exhibited more rapid weight loss, more severe lung damage and a prolongation of the innate response compared to the singly infected or control mice. Sequential infection also exacerbated the extrapulmonary encephalitic manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conversely, prior infection with a commercially available, multivalent live-attenuated influenza vaccine (Fluenz Tetra) elicited the same reduction in SARS-CoV-2 RNA synthesis, albeit without the associated increase in disease severity. This suggests that the innate immune response stimulated by IAV inhibits SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, infection with an attenuated, apathogenic influenza vaccine does not result in an aberrant immune response and enhanced disease severity. Taken together, the data suggest coinfection ('twinfection') is deleterious and mitigation steps should be instituted as part of the comprehensive public health and management strategy of COVID-19.","['D000818', 'D000086382', 'D051379', 'D004195', 'D000086402', 'D009980', 'D009976', 'D008822', 'D000085962', 'D006801', 'D060085', 'D008168', 'D018792', 'D007252', 'D005260', 'D007113']"
38932146,Gene Regulatory Network Analysis of Post-Mortem Lungs Unveils Novel Insights into COVID-19 Pathogenesis.,"The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emerged as one of the most significant global health crises in recent history. The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients have revealed the possibility of immune activity changes contributing to disease severity. Nevertheless, limited information is available regarding the immune response in human lung tissue, which is the primary site of infection. In this study, we conducted an extensive analysis of lung tissue to screen for differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs in five individuals who died due to COVID-19 and underwent a rapid autopsy, as well as seven control individuals who died of other causes unrelated to COVID-19. To analyze the host response gene expression, miRNA microarray and Nanostring's nCounter XT gene expression assay were performed. Our study identified 37 downregulated and 77 upregulated miRNAs in COVID-19 lung biopsy samples compared to the controls. A total of 653 mRNA transcripts were differentially expressed between the two sample types, with most transcripts (472) being downregulated in COVID-19-positive specimens. Hierarchical and PCA K-means clustering analysis showed distinct clustering between COVID-19 and control samples. Enrichment and network analyses revealed differentially expressed genes important for innate immunity and inflammatory response in COVID-19 lung biopsies. The interferon-signaling pathway was highly upregulated in COVID-19 specimens while genes involved in interleukin-17 signaling were downregulated. These findings shed light on the mechanisms of host cellular responses to COVID-19 infection in lung tissues and could help identify new targets for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D008168', 'D053263', 'D035683', 'D001344', 'D000086402', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D020869', 'D012333', 'D000328']"
38932145,Detection of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Secretory IgA and Neutralizing Antibodies in the Nasal Secretions of Exposed Seronegative Individuals.,"Mucosal immunity may contribute to clearing SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to systemic infection, thereby allowing hosts to remain seronegative. We describe the meaningful detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific nasal mucosal antibodies in a group of exposed-household individuals that evaded systemic infection. Between June 2020 and February 2023, nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) and acute and convalescent blood were collected from individuals exposed to a SARS-CoV-2-confirmed household member. Nasal secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were measured using a modified ELISA. Of the 36 exposed individuals without SARS-CoV-2 detected by the RT-PCR of NPS specimens and seronegative for SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG at enrollment and convalescence, 13 (36.1%) had positive SARS-CoV-2-specific SIgA levels detected in the nasal mucosa at enrollment. These individuals had significantly higher nasal SIgA (median 0.52 AU/mL) compared with never-exposed, never-infected controls (0.001 AU/mL) and infected-family participants (0.0002 AU/mL) during the acute visit, respectively (both p < 0.001). The nasal SARS-CoV-2-specific SIgA decreased rapidly over two weeks in the exposed seronegative individuals compared to a rise in SIgA in infected-family members. The nasal SARS-CoV-2-specific SIgA may have a protective role in preventing systemic infection.","['D006801', 'D000086402', 'D000086382', 'D007071', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D000914', 'D008875', 'D057134', 'D009297', 'D064370', 'D055815', 'D018928', 'D000368', 'D007074']"
38932136,Intranasal Vaccination with a Respiratory-Syncytial-Virus-Based Virus-like Particle Displaying the G Protein Conserved Region Induces Severe Weight Loss and Pathology upon Challenge with Wildtype Respiratory Syncytial Virus.,"Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of severe respiratory tract disease worldwide, and a pediatric vaccine is not available. We generated a filamentous RSV-based virus-like particle (VLP) that presents the central conserved region of the attachment protein G. This was achieved by co-expressing the matrix protein, phosphoprotein, nucleoprotein, and a hybrid fusion protein in which the F ectodomain was replaced with the G central region (GCR). The latter is relatively conserved and contains a receptor binding site and hence is a logical vaccine target. The immunogenicity and efficacy of the resulting VLP, termed VLP-GCR, were examined in mice using intranasal application without adjuvant. VLP-GCR induced substantial anti-N antibody levels but very low anti-G antibody levels, even after three vaccinations. In contrast, a VLP presenting prefusion-stabilized fusion (preF) protein instead of GCR induced both high anti-F and anti-nucleoprotein antibody levels, suggesting that our GCR antigen was poorly immunogenic. Challenge of VLP-GCR-vaccinated mice caused increased weight loss and lung pathology, and both VLPs induced mucus in the lungs. Thus, neither VLP is suitable as a vaccine for RSV-naive individuals. However, VLP-preF enhanced the proportion of preF antibodies and could serve as a multi-antigen mucosal booster vaccine in the RSV-experienced population.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D006801', 'D051379', 'D000281', 'D000914', 'D008168', 'D008807', 'D018357', 'D022261', 'D018113', 'D014611', 'D058425', 'D014759', 'D014760', 'D015431']"
38931277,Pediococcus pentosaceus MIANGUAN2 Alleviates Influenza Virus Infection by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Enhancing Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production.,"Influenza, a severe respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus, has long been a prominent threat to human health. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that oral administration with probiotics may increase the immune response to lung infection via the gut-lung axis leading to the alleviation of the pulmonary disease. In this study, we evaluated the effects of oral administration of Pediococcus pentosaceus MIANGUAN2 (MIANGUAN2) on influenza infection in a mouse model. Our results showed that oral administration of MIANGUAN2 significantly improved weight loss, lung index, and lung pathology, and decreased lung viral load of influenza-infected mice. Additionally, MIANGUAN2-treated mice showed significantly lower levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-12p70 and higher production of IL-4 in the lung. In accordance with this, the transcriptome analysis of the lung indicated that MIANGUAN2-treated mice had reduced expression of inflammation markers, such as TNF, apoptosis, and the NF-Kappa B pathway. Furthermore, the administration of MIANGUAN2 restored the SCFAs profiles through regulating the gut microbiota. SCFA-producing bacteria, such as p_Firmicutes, f_Lachnospiraceae, and f_Ruminococcaceae, were enriched in the MIANGUAN2-treated group compared with PBS-treated group. Consistently, the concentrations of SCFAs in the MIANGUAN2 group were significantly higher than those in the PBS-treated group. In addition, the concentrations of SCFAs were positively correlated with SCFA-producing bacteria, such as Ruminococcus, while being negatively correlated with the virial titers and proinflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, this animal study suggests that Pediococcus pentosaceus MIANGUAN2 may alleviate the influenza infection by altering the gut microbiota composition and increasing the levels of gut microbiota-derived SCFAs.","['D000818', 'D000069196', 'D000070006', 'D005232', 'D051379', 'D019936', 'D008168', 'D009976', 'D004195', 'D016207', 'D008297']"
38931206,Integrative Approach to Risk Factors in Simple Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases of the Lung or Associated with Metabolic Syndrome-Analysis and Prediction.,"We conducted an epidemiological non-interventional cross-sectional and case-control study from 1 January 2023 until 26 May 2023 in Oltenia region, southwestern Romania. Throughout the research, 160 consecutive patients were included from two different clinical departments (1-Pneumology; 2-Diabetes and Nutritional Diseases). Subjects were voluntary adult individuals of any gender who expressed their written consent. The clinical data of the patients were correlated with the exposure to behavioral risk factors (diet, lifestyle, exposure to pollutants) to identify some negative implications that could be corrected to improve the quality of life of patients with simple chronic obstructive airway diseases of the lung or associated with metabolic syndrome (MS). In the first group of patients with respiratory diseases, there was a higher degree of exposure to toxic substances (43.75%) compared to the second group of patients with diabetes (18.75%); it is also noticeable that in the first group, there were noticeably fewer individuals who have never smoked (25%) compared to the second group (50%). Respiratory function impairment was observed to be more severe in overweight individuals. In the group of patients with known lung diseases, a positive correlation was noted between the presence of MS and respiratory dysfunctions of greater severity. Additionally, potential exacerbating factors affecting lung function, such as direct exposure to toxins and smoking, were considered. Potential secondary factors exacerbating respiratory dysfunction were considered by correlating biochemical parameters with dietary habits. These included reduced consumption of vegetables, inadequate hydration, and increased intake of sweets and products high in saturated or trans fats (commonly found in junk food), primarily due to their potential contribution to excess weight. Compared to patients without MS, the severity of the pulmonary function impairment correlated with the number of criteria met for MS and, independently, with an increase in weight.","['D006801', 'D024821', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D003430', 'D012307', 'D029424', 'D016022', 'D012383', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D008019', 'D004032', 'D011788', 'D008168']"
38931162,Predictive Roles of Basal Metabolic Rate and Muscle Mass in Lung Function among Patients with Obese Asthma: A Prospective Cohort Study.,The metabolic-status-related mechanisms underlying the deterioration of the lung function in obese asthma have not been completely elucidated.,"['D006801', 'D001249', 'D009765', 'D011446', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D001481', 'D008875', 'D008168', 'D000328', 'D018482', 'D012129', 'D001823', 'D015331']"
38929056,Sensitivity of Mouse Lung Nuclear Receptors to Electronic Cigarette Aerosols and Influence of Sex Differences: A Pilot Study.,"The emerging concern about chemicals in electronic cigarettes, even those without nicotine, demands the development of advanced criteria for their exposure and risk assessment. This study aims to highlight the sensitivity of lung nuclear receptors (NRs) to electronic cigarette e-liquids, independent of nicotine presence, and the influence of the sex variable on these effects. Adult male and female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to electronic cigarettes with 0%, 3%, and 6% nicotine daily (70 mL, 3.3 s, 1 puff per min/30 min) for 14 days, using the inExpose full body chamber (SCIREQ). Following exposure, lung tissues were harvested, and RNA extracted. The expression of 84 NRs was determined using the RT2 profiler mRNA array (Qiagen). Results exhibit a high sensitivity to e-liquid exposure irrespective of the presence of nicotine, with differential expression of NRs, including one (females) and twenty-four (males) in 0% nicotine groups compared to non-exposed control mice. However, nicotine-dependent results were also significant with seven NRs (females), fifty-three NRs (males) in 3% and twenty-three NRs (female) twenty-nine NRs (male) in 6% nicotine groups, compared to 0% nicotine mice. Sex-specific changes were significant, but sex-related differences were not observed. The study provides a strong rationale for further investigation.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D066300', 'D008810', 'D010865', 'D051379', 'D008168', 'D000336', 'D009538', 'D018160', 'D012737']"
38928356,The Modulation of Respiratory Epithelial Cell Differentiation by the Thickness of an Electrospun Poly-ε-Carprolactone Mesh Mimicking the Basement Membrane.,"The topology of the basement membrane (BM) affects cell physiology and pathology, and BM thickening is associated with various chronic lung diseases. In addition, the topology of commercially available poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) membranes, which are used in preclinical in vitro models, differs from that of the human BM, which has a fibrous and elastic structure. In this study, we verified the effect of BM thickness on the differentiation of normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells. To evaluate whether the thickness of poly-ε-carprolactone (PCL) mesh affects the differentiation of NHBE cells, cells were grown on thin- (6-layer) and thick-layer (80-layer) meshes consisting of electrospun PCL nanofibers using an air-liquid interface (ALI) cell culture system. It was found that the NHBE cells formed a normal pseudostratified epithelium composed of ciliated, goblet, and basal cells on the thin-layer PCL mesh; however, goblet cell hyperplasia was observed on the thick-layer PCL mesh. Differentiated NHBE cells cultured on the thick-layer PCL mesh also demonstrated increased epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) compared to those cultured on the thin-layer PCL mesh. In addition, expression of Sox9, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and oxidative stress-related markers, which are also associated with goblet cell hyperplasia, was increased in the differentiated NHBE cells cultured on the thick-layer PCL mesh. Thus, the use of thick electrospun PCL mesh led to NHBE cells differentiating into hyperplastic goblet cells via EMT and the oxidative stress-related signaling pathway. Therefore, the topology of the BM, for example, thickness, may affect the differentiation direction of human bronchial epithelial cells.","['D006801', 'D002454', 'D011091', 'D001485', 'D004847', 'D058750', 'D057139', 'D002478', 'D001980']"
38928305,Expression of Stress-Induced Genes in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells and Lung Fibroblasts from Healthy and COPD Subjects.,"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is commonly caused from smoking cigarettes that induce biological stress responses. Previously we found disorganized endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in fibroblasts from COPD with different responses to chemical stressors compared to healthy subjects. Here, we aimed to investigate differences in stress-related gene expressions within lung cells from COPD and healthy subjects. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells were collected from seven COPD and 35 healthy subjects. Lung fibroblasts were derived from 19 COPD and 24 healthy subjects and exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Gene and protein expression and cell proliferation were investigated. Compared to healthy subjects, we found lower gene expression of CHOP in lung fibroblasts from COPD subjects. Exposure to CSE caused inhibition of lung fibroblast proliferation in both groups, though the changes in ER stress-related gene expressions (ATF6, IRE1, PERK, ATF4, CHOP, BCL2L1) and genes relating to proteasomal subunits mostly occurred in healthy lung fibroblasts. No differences were found in BAL cells. In this study, we have found that lung fibroblasts from COPD subjects have an atypical ER stress gene response to CSE, particularly in genes related to apoptosis. This difference in response to CSE may be a contributing factor to COPD progression.","['D006801', 'D029424', 'D005347', 'D059865', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D008168', 'D001992', 'D000368', 'D049109', 'D005786', 'D002478', 'D017209', 'D016022']"
38928216,Human Lung Mast Cells as a Possible Reservoir for Coronavirus: A Novel Unrecognized Mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 Immune-Mediated Pathology.,"The pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health concern. Cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 depends on viral spike (S) proteins binding to cellular receptors (ACE2) and their subsequent priming by host cell proteases (TMPRSS2). Assessing effects of viral-induced host response factors and determining which cells are used by SARS-CoV-2 for entry might provide insights into viral transmission, add clarity to the virus' pathogenesis, and possibly reveal therapeutic targets. Mast cells (MCs) are ubiquitously expressed tissue cells that act as immune sentinels given their ability to react specifically to pathogens at environmental interfaces, such as in the lung. Several lines of evidence suggest a critical role for MCs in SARS-CoV-2 infections based on patients' mediator profiles, especially the ""cytokine storm"" responsible for most morbidity and mortality. In this pilot study, we demonstrated that human lung MCs (n = 3 donors) are a source of renin and that they upregulate the membrane receptor for SARS-CoV-2 (ACE2) as well as the protease required for cellular entry (TMPRSS2) under certain conditions. We hypothesized that infection of human MCs with SARS-CoV-2 may be a heretofore-unrecognized mechanism of viral pathogenesis, and further studies are required to assess this question.","['D006801', 'D008407', 'D000086402', 'D000086382', 'D000085962', 'D008168', 'D012697', 'D053586', 'D064370']"
38928206,Substance P Promotes Leukocyte Infiltration in the Liver and Lungs of Mice with Sepsis: A Key Role for Adhesion Molecules on Vascular Endothelial Cells.,"Substance P (SP), encoded by the Tac1 gene, has been shown to promote leukocyte infiltration and organ impairment in mice with sepsis. Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) is the major receptor that mediates the detrimental impact of SP on sepsis. This investigation studied whether SP affects the expression of adhesion molecules, including intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1) on vascular endothelial cells in the liver and lungs, contributing to leukocyte infiltration in these tissues of mice with sepsis. Sepsis was induced by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery in mice. The actions of SP were inhibited by deleting the Tac1 gene, blocking NK1R, or combining these two methods. The activity of myeloperoxidase and the concentrations of ICAM1 and VCAM1 in the liver and lungs, as well as the expression of ICAM1 and VCAM1 on vascular endothelial cells in these tissues, were measured. The activity of myeloperoxidase and the concentration of ICAM1 and VCAM1 in the liver and lungs, as well as the expression of ICAM1 and VCAM1 on vascular endothelial cells in these tissues, increased in mice with CLP surgery-induced sepsis. Suppressing the biosynthesis of SP and its interactions with NK1R attenuated CLP surgery-induced alterations in the liver and lungs of mice. Our findings indicate that SP upregulates the expression of ICAM1 and VCAM1 on vascular endothelial cells in the liver and lungs, thereby increasing leukocyte infiltration in these tissues of mice with CLP surgery-induced sepsis by activating NK1R.","['D000818', 'D018805', 'D051379', 'D013373', 'D008168', 'D008099', 'D018799', 'D042783', 'D019010', 'D018040', 'D008297', 'D007962', 'D008810', 'D009195', 'D015815', 'D004195']"
38928165,The Lung in Rheumatoid Arthritis-Friend or Enemy?,"Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune condition frequently found in rheumatological patients that sometimes raises diagnosis and management problems. The pathogenesis of the disease is complex and involves the activation of many cells and intracellular signaling pathways, ultimately leading to the activation of the innate and acquired immune system and producing extensive tissue damage. Along with joint involvement, RA can have numerous extra-articular manifestations (EAMs), among which lung damage, especially interstitial lung disease (ILD), negatively influences the evolution and survival of these patients. Although there are more and more RA-ILD cases, the pathogenesis is incompletely understood. In terms of genetic predisposition, external environmental factors act and subsequently determine the activation of immune system cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, B and T lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and dendritic cells. These, in turn, show the ability to secrete molecules with a proinflammatory role (cytokines, chemokines, growth factors) that will produce important visceral injuries, including pulmonary changes. Currently, there is new evidence that supports the initiation of the systemic immune response at the level of pulmonary mucosa where the citrullination process occurs, whereby the autoantibodies subsequently migrate from the lung to the synovial membrane. The aim of this paper is to provide current data regarding the pathogenesis of RA-associated ILD, starting from environmental triggers and reaching the cellular, humoral, and molecular changes involved in the onset of the disease.","['D006801', 'D001172', 'D017563', 'D008168', 'D000818', 'D001323']"
38928030,The Impact of the Combined Effect of Inhalation Anesthetics and Iron Dextran on Rats' Systemic Toxicity.,"Disruption of any stage of iron homeostasis, including uptake, utilization, efflux, and storage, can cause progressive damage to peripheral organs. The health hazards associated with occupational exposure to inhalation anesthetics (IA) in combination with chronic iron overload are not well documented. This study aimed to investigate changes in the concentration of essential metals in the peripheral organs of rats after iron overload in combination with IA. The aim was also to determine how iron overload in combination with IA affects tissue metal homeostasis, hepcidin-ferritin levels, and MMP levels according to physiological, functional, and tissue features. According to the obtained results, iron accumulation was most pronounced in the liver (19×), spleen (6.7×), lungs (3.1×), and kidneys (2.5×) compared to control. Iron accumulation is associated with elevated heavy metal levels and impaired essential metal concentrations due to oxidative stress (OS). Notably, the use of IA increases the iron overload toxicity, especially after Isoflurane exposure. The results show that the regulation of iron homeostasis is based on the interaction of hepcidin, ferritin, and other proteins regulated by inflammation, OS, free iron levels, erythropoiesis, and hypoxia. Long-term exposure to IA and iron leads to the development of numerous adaptation mechanisms in response to toxicity, OS, and inflammation. These adaptive mechanisms of iron regulation lead to the inhibition of MMP activity and reduction of oxidative stress, protecting the organism from possible damage.","['D000818', 'D051381', 'D064451', 'D018384', 'D007501', 'D008297', 'D018685', 'D007505', 'D005293', 'D019190', 'D008099', 'D008168', 'D007668', 'D013154', 'D017208', 'D006706', 'D007530']"
38927741,Leveraging Integrated RNA Sequencing to Decipher Adrenomedullin's Protective Mechanisms in Experimental Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.,"Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease commonly affecting premature infants, with limited therapeutic options and increased long-term consequences. Adrenomedullin (Adm), a proangiogenic peptide hormone, has been found to protect rodents against experimental BPD. This study aims to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which Adm influences BPD pathogenesis using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced model of experimental BPD in mice. Bulk RNA sequencing of Adm-sufficient (wild-type or Adm+/+) and Adm-haplodeficient (Adm+/-) mice lungs, integrated with single-cell RNA sequencing data, revealed distinct gene expression patterns and cell type alterations associated with Adm deficiency and LPS exposure. Notably, computational integration with cell atlas data revealed that Adm-haplodeficient mouse lungs exhibited gene expression signatures characteristic of increased inflammation, natural killer (NK) cell frequency, and decreased endothelial cell and type II pneumocyte frequency. Furthermore, in silico human BPD patient data analysis supported our cell type frequency finding, highlighting elevated NK cells in BPD infants. These results underscore the protective role of Adm in experimental BPD and emphasize that it is a potential therapeutic target for BPD infants with an inflammatory phenotype.","['D053607', 'D001997', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D006801', 'D017423', 'D004195', 'D008070', 'D008168', 'D007694', 'D059467']"
38926790,Association between waist circumference and lung function in American middle-aged and older adults: findings from NHANES 2007-2012.,"There is a major epidemic of obesity, and many obese patients suffer from respiratory symptoms and disease. However, limited research explores the associations between abdominal obesity and lung function indices, yielding mixed results. This study aims to analyze the association between waist circumference (WC), an easily measurable marker of abdominal obesity, and lung function parameters in middle-aged and older adults using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D055105', 'D005260', 'D009749', 'D008875', 'D014481', 'D000368', 'D056128', 'D008168', 'D014797', 'D005541', 'D012129', 'D003430', 'D015992']"
38926682,Characterization of bacterial and viral pathogens in the respiratory tract of children with HIV-associated chronic lung disease: a case-control study.,"Chronic lung disease is a major cause of morbidity in African children with HIV infection; however, the microbial determinants of HIV-associated chronic lung disease (HCLD) remain poorly understood. We conducted a case-control study to investigate the prevalence and densities of respiratory microbes among pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)-naive children with (HCLD +) and without HCLD (HCLD-) established on antiretroviral treatment (ART).","['D006801', 'D016022', 'D000293', 'D002648', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D015658', 'D015030', 'D008295', 'D008171', 'D055815', 'D002908', 'D001419', 'D014780', 'D012141', 'D013296', 'D012137']"
38954019,The performance status gap in immunotherapy for frail patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.,"In advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy is often preferred over intensive ICI treatment for frail patients and those with poor performance status (PS). Among those with poor PS, the additional effect of frailty on treatment selection and mortality is unknown.","['D006801', 'D002289', 'D008175', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D007167', 'D000082082', 'D008875', 'D000073496', 'D000369']"
38953737,Incremental Application of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure for the Evaluation of Atelectasis During RP-EBUS and Bronchoscopy (I-APPEAR).,"CT-to-body divergence-described as the difference between preprocedural CT scans and intraprocedural lung architecture-is a significant barrier to improving diagnostic yield during navigational bronchoscopy. A major proposed contributor to CT-to-body divergence is the development of atelectasis, which can confound visualization of peripheral lung lesions via radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (RP-EBUS). High positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilatory strategies have been used to decrease atelectasis, allowing the lesion to re-APPEAR on intraprocedure imaging. However, standardized PEEP levels may not be appropriate for all patients due to hemodynamic and ventilatory impacts.","['D006801', 'D011175', 'D001261', 'D001999', 'D011446', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D019160', 'D014057']"
38953688,[Not Available].,"In this case report, a 19-year-old woman suffered a high-energy trauma to her left side with multiple left-sided fractures, including ribs 8-12, with no pneumothorax on the left side, but a large right-sided pneumothorax. Contralateral pneumothorax is extremely rare in primarily unilateral trauma, especially when no contralateral rib fractures are present. A possible explanation is that of a barotrauma due to increased intrathoracic pressure with external compression. Careful examination of both sides of the body is necessary when evaluating patients with unilateral trauma, as serious organ injury may occur contralaterally.","['D006801', 'D011030', 'D005260', 'D012253', 'D055815', 'D014057']"
38950435,Quantitative pupillometry as a biomarker for prediction of return to play in mild traumatic brain injury: a Military Traumatic Brain Injury Initiative study.,This study aimed to determine the validity of quantitative pupillometry to predict the length of time for return to full activity/duty after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in a cohort of injured cadets at West Point.,"['D006801', 'D001924', 'D008889', 'D008297', 'D055815', 'D005260', 'D011680', 'D012025', 'D000328', 'D011237', 'D015415', 'D000070642', 'D000293', 'D020127', 'D015331']"
38941572,Individual Prognostication of Disease Activity and Disability Worsening in Multiple Sclerosis With Retinal Layer Thickness z Scores.,"Retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides promising prognostic imaging biomarkers for future disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, raw OCT-derived measures have multiple dependencies, supporting the need for establishing reference values adjusted for possible confounders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the capacity for age-adjusted z scores of OCT-derived measures to prognosticate future disease activity and disability worsening in people with MS (PwMS).","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D041623', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D018450', 'D011379', 'D009103', 'D012160', 'D012720']"
38941214,On the design of a macro-micro parallel manipulator for cochlear microrobot operations.,"The method of stem cell transfer to narrow cochlear canals in vivo to generate hair cells is still an unclear operation. Thus, the development of any possible method that will ensure the usage of medical microrobots in small cochlear workspaces is a challenging procedure.","['D004867', 'D003051', 'D065287', 'D006801', 'D009038', 'D019929', 'D025321', 'D001696']"
38940356,Multimodal Imaging Characteristics and Diagnostic Value of Choroidal Nodules in Patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1.,"Yasunari nodules are choroidal lesions observed in patients diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) and characterized by relatively irregular dome-shaped, plaque-like, or patchy boundaries. The present study examines the multimodal imaging characteristics of Yasunari nodules and their value in the diagnosis of NF-1.","['D006801', 'D009456', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D041623', 'D012189', 'D064847', 'D000328', 'D005451', 'D000293', 'D008875', 'D055815', 'D002648', 'D002829', 'D015862', 'D005654']"
38940206,The effect of lactoferin on the free radical and cytokine status of cornea in the experimental thermal burn.,"The free radical and cytokine statuses of the cornea during its thermal burn and the possibility of its correction by lactoferrin have been studied in Soviet Chinchilla rabbits. The development of a corneal thermal burn was accompanied by the development of oxidative stress (increased levels of TBA-reactive substances and carbonyl derivatives of proteins, decreased activity of SOD and GPx enzymes) and a pronounced inflammatory reaction with increased levels of TNF-1α, IL-10, TGF-1β. The use of lactoferrin had a pronounced therapeutic effect, which was manifested by accelerated healing, prevention of the development of complications (corneal perforations), a decrease in the severity of oxidative stress, an increase in the concentrations of TNF-1α (in the early stages), IL-10 (in the later stages), TGF-1β (throughout the experiment). At the same time, by the end of regeneration more severe corneal opacification was recognized compared to the control group. This may be associated with an increased level of anti-inflammatory cytokines, especially TGF-1β.","['D000818', 'D007781', 'D011817', 'D003315', 'D018384', 'D016207', 'D005126', 'D008297', 'D005609', 'D065306', 'D004195']"
38937308,Association of CUL4B with the pathogenesis of age-related cataract.,"Age-related cataract (ARC) is the most common cause of visual impairment and blindness in older adults. However, the role of CUL4B in the ARC remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated CUL4B expression and its effects on apoptosis.","['D006801', 'D002386', 'D044842', 'D017209', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D015153', 'D060888', 'D008875', 'D000375', 'D005786', 'D007903', 'D020287']"
38936912,Exploring Neuroprotective Effects of Topical Brimonidine in Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy.,"Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness worldwide, characterized by neurovascular dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the impact of brimonidine, a selective adrenoceptor agonist, on diabetic retinal neurodegeneration, recognizing the critical role of neurodegeneration in diabetic retinopathy.","['D000818', 'D003930', 'D000068438', 'D018696', 'D051381', 'D017209', 'D003921', 'D008297', 'D012165', 'D000287', 'D004195', 'D017207', 'D051057', 'D012160']"
38935157,Minimally invasive surgical approach to model hypertrophic scarring in the rabbit ear.,Current strategies for hypertrophic scar prevention and treatment are limited.,"['D000818', 'D011817', 'D017439', 'D004195', 'D019060', 'D004423', 'D007511', 'D006801', 'D014945', 'D013536']"
38935030,Shootin1 Regulates Retinal Ganglion Cell Neurite Development: Insights From an RGC Direct Somatic Cell Reprogramming Model.,Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) connect the retina to the brain. Proper development of the axons and dendrites of RGCs is the basis for these cells to function as projection neurons to deliver visual information to the brain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the function of Shtn1 (which encodes shootin1) in RGC neurite development.,"['D012165', 'D000818', 'D016501', 'D051379', 'D009419', 'D065150', 'D002478', 'D008810', 'D018408', 'D055495']"
38933824,Levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine in plasma and aqueous humor: a key risk factor for the severity of fibrovascular proliferation in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.,"Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is a common diabetes complication, significantly impacting vision and quality of life. Previous studies have suggested a potential link between arginine pathway metabolites and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) plays a role in the occurrence and development of fibrovascular proliferation (FVP) in PDR patients. However, the relationship between arginine pathway metabolites and FVP in PDR remains undefined. This study aimed to explore the correlation between four arginine pathway metabolites (arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine[ADMA], ornithine, and citrulline) and the severity of FVP in PDR patients.","['D006801', 'D001120', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D003930', 'D008875', 'D001082', 'D012307', 'D000368', 'D012720', 'D009952', 'D002956', 'D015415', 'D055513']"
38931797,A Microvascular Segmentation Network Based on Pyramidal Attention Mechanism.,"The precise segmentation of retinal vasculature is crucial for the early screening of various eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and hypertensive retinopathy. Given the complex and variable overall structure of retinal vessels and their delicate, minute local features, the accurate extraction of fine vessels and edge pixels remains a technical challenge in the current research. To enhance the ability to extract thin vessels, this paper incorporates a pyramid channel attention module into a U-shaped network. This allows for more effective capture of information at different levels and increased attention to vessel-related channels, thereby improving model performance. Simultaneously, to prevent overfitting, this paper optimizes the standard convolutional block in the U-Net with the pre-activated residual discard convolution block, thus improving the model's generalization ability. The model is evaluated on three benchmark retinal datasets: DRIVE, CHASE_DB1, and STARE. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to the baseline model, the proposed model achieves improvements in sensitivity (Sen) scores of 7.12%, 9.65%, and 5.36% on these three datasets, respectively, proving its strong ability to extract fine vessels.","['D006801', 'D012171', 'D016571', 'D000465', 'D055806', 'D007091', 'D003930', 'D012160']"
38931233,The Role of Vitamin D3 in Ocular Diseases.,"Vitamin D3 plays a vital role in numerous physiological processes within the human body, including having a positive effect on eye health. It is renowned for its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and angiogenic properties. Its deficiency is evolving into a significant global challenge. In order to explain the connection between vitamin D3 and various ocular diseases, 84 relevant studies, mainly from the PubMed database, published in English between 1999 and 2024 were analyzed. Ocular tissues can activate and regulate vitamin D levels, which emphasizes the significance of this nutrient in maintaining eye homeostasis. While there is suggestive evidence for a probable association between vitamin D3 and ocular health, more robust research is needed to establish causation and inform clinical guidelines.","['D006801', 'D002762', 'D005128', 'D014808', 'D005123', 'D019587']"
38929562,The Complement System as a Therapeutic Target in Retinal Disease.,"The complement cascade is a vital system in the human body's defense against pathogens. During the natural aging process, it has been observed that this system is imperative for ensuring the integrity and homeostasis of the retina. While this system is critical for proper host defense and retinal integrity, it has also been found that dysregulation of this system may lead to certain retinal pathologies, including geographic atrophy and diabetic retinopathy. Targeting components of the complement system for retinal diseases has been an area of interest, and in vivo, ex vivo, and clinical trials have been conducted in this area. Following clinical trials, medications targeting the complement system for retinal disease have also become available. In this manuscript, we discuss the pathophysiology of complement dysfunction in the retina and specific pathologies. We then describe the results of cellular, animal, and clinical studies targeting the complement system for retinal diseases. We then provide an overview of complement inhibitors that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for geographic atrophy. The complement system in retinal diseases continues to serve as an emerging therapeutic target, and further research in this field will provide additional insights into the mechanisms and considerations for treatment of retinal pathologies.","['D006801', 'D012164', 'D003165', 'D000818', 'D051056', 'D003930', 'D012160']"
38929463,Aspects of Histopathological and Ultrastructural Retinal Changes in Chronic Exposure to Hydroxychloroquine.,"Background and Objective: Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQ) is a lysosomotropic agent administered in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis that has fewer toxic effects than chloroquine. However, HCQ may still be responsible for retinal toxicity. In this study, we observed structural changes in the retinas of experimental rats after prolonged exposure to HCQ. Matherials and Methods: We investigated several aspects regarding retinal changes, at both the histopathological and ultrastructural levels. We used 96 male albino Wistar rats distributed into four equal groups (n = 24 per group): the first three groups were treated with different doses of HCQ (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg HCQ, injected intraperitoneally in a single dose daily), and the last group (the control group, n = 24) was treated with saline solution administered in the same way (0.4 mL of saline solution). The treated groups received HCQ daily for 4 months, and every month, six animals from each group were sacrificed to assess retinal changes. The eyes were examined via optical (OM) and electronic microscopy (EM). Statistical analysis was deployed, and results regarding retinal morpho-photometry were acquired. Results: We observed structural retinal changes in both high and low doses of HCQ; while high doses determined a significant thinning of the retina, lower doses caused retinal thickening. Morphological retinal changes upon exposure to HCQ are believed to be caused by accumulated HCQ in lysosomes found in retinal ganglion cells and in the inner nuclear and photoreceptor cell layers. Such changes were most evident in the group receiving HCQ intraperitoneally in doses of 100 mg/kg for a longer period (4 months). Conclusions: The present study highlights histopathological and ultrastructural retinal changes induced by chronic HCQ administration, which were strongly connected to the dosage and period of exposure.","['D006886', 'D000818', 'D017208', 'D051381', 'D012160', 'D008297', 'D018501']"
38929026,An Assessment of the Ocular Toxicity of Two Major Sources of Environmental Exposure.,"The effect of airborne exposure on the eye surface is an area in need of exploration, particularly in light of the increasing number of incidents occurring in both civilian and military settings. In this study, in silico methods based on a platform comprising a portfolio of software applications and a technology ecosystem are used to test potential surface ocular toxicity in data presented from Iraqi burn pits and the East Palestine, Ohio, train derailment. The purpose of this analysis is to gain a better understanding of the long-term impact of such an exposure to the ocular surface and the manifestation of surface irritation, including dry eye disease. In silico methods were used to determine ocular irritation to chemical compounds. A list of such chemicals was introduced from a number of publicly available sources for burn pits and train derailment. The results demonstrated high ocular irritation scores for some chemicals present in these exposure events. Such an analysis is designed to provide guidance related to the needed ophthalmologic care and follow-up in individuals who have been in proximity to burn pits or the train derailment and those who will experience future toxic exposure.","['D006801', 'D009820', 'D004781', 'D007493', 'D005123', 'D007509', 'D000393', 'D003198']"
38928968,Impact of Airborne Exposure to PM10 Increases Susceptibility to P. aeruginosa Infection.,"The effects of exposure to airborne particulate matter with a size of 10 μm or less (PM10) on C57BL/6 mouse corneas, their response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection, and the protective effects of SKQ1 were determined. C57BL/6 mouse corneas receiving PBS or SKQ1 were exposed to control (air) or PM10 for 2 weeks, infected, and the disease was documented by clinical score, PMN quantitation, bacterial plate count, RT-PCR and Western blot. PBS-treated, PM10-exposed corneas did not differ at 1 day postinfection (dpi), but exhibited earlier (3 dpi) corneal thinning compared to controls. By 3 dpi, PM10 significantly increased corneal mRNA levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, but decreased IL-10, NQO1, GR1, GPX4, and Nrf2 over control. SKQ1 reversed these effects and Western blot selectively confirmed the RT-PCR results. PM10 resulted in higher viable bacterial plate counts at 1 and 3 dpi, but SKQ1 reduced them at 3 dpi. PM10 significantly increased MPO in the cornea at 3 dpi and was reduced by SKQ1. SKQ1, used as an adjunctive treatment to moxifloxacin, was not significantly different from moxifloxacin alone. Exposure to PM10 increased the susceptibility of C57BL/6 to PA infection; SKQ1 significantly reversed these effects, but was not effective as an adjunctive treatment.","['D000818', 'D008810', 'D011552', 'D052638', 'D011550', 'D051379', 'D003315', 'D004198', 'D016207', 'D005260', 'D000393']"
38928335,Gas6 and Protein S Ligands Cooperate to Regulate MerTK Rhythmic Activity Required for Circadian Retinal Phagocytosis.,"Among the myriad of existing tyrosine kinase receptors, the TAM family-abbreviated from Tyro3, Axl, and Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK)-has been extensively studied with an outstanding contribution from the team of Prof. Greg Lemke. MerTK activity is implicated in a wide variety of functions involving the elimination of apoptotic cells and has recently been linked to cancers, auto-immune diseases, and atherosclerosis/stroke. In the retina, MerTK is required for the circadian phagocytosis of oxidized photoreceptor outer segments by the retinal-pigment epithelial cells, a function crucial for the long-term maintenance of vision. We previously showed that MerTK ligands carry the opposite role in vitro, with Gas6 inhibiting the internalization of photoreceptor outer segments while Protein S acts conversely. Using site-directed mutagenesis and ligand-stimulated phagocytosis assays on transfected cells, we presently demonstrate, for the first time, that Gas6 and Protein S recognize different amino acids on MerTK Ig-like domains. In addition, MerTK's function in retinal-pigment epithelial cells is rhythmic and might thus rely on the respective stoichiometry of both ligands at different times of the day. Accordingly, we show that ligand bioavailability varies during the circadian cycle using RT-qPCR and immunoblots on retinal and retinal-pigment epithelial samples from control and beta5 integrin knockout mice where retinal phagocytosis is arrhythmic. Taken together, our results suggest that Gas6 and Protein S might both contribute to refine the acute regulation of MerTK in time for the daily phagocytic peak.","['D000076202', 'D010587', 'D000818', 'D036341', 'D017293', 'D006801', 'D012160', 'D051379', 'D002940', 'D008024', 'D055213', 'D020794']"
38928268,Amelioration of Fibrosis via S1P Inhibition Is Regulated by Inactivation of TGF-β and SPL Pathways in the Human Cornea.,"Human corneal fibrosis can lead to opacity and ultimately partial or complete vision loss. Currently, corneal transplantation is the only treatment for severe corneal fibrosis and comes with the risk of rejection and donor shortages. Sphingolipids (SPLs) are known to modulate fibrosis in various tissues and organs, including the cornea. We previously reported that SPLs are tightly related to both, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling and corneal fibrogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and S1P inhibition on specific TGF-β and SPL family members in corneal fibrosis. Healthy human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs) were isolated and cultured in EMEM + FBS + VitC (construct medium) on 3D transwells for 4 weeks. The following treatments were prepared in a construct medium: 0.1 ng/mL TGF-β1 (β1), 1 μM sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and 5 μM Sphingosine kinase inhibitor 2 (I2). Five groups were tested: (1) control (no treatment); rescue groups; (2) β1/S1P; (3) β1/I2; prevention groups; (4) S1P/β1; and (5) I2/β1. Each treatment was administered for 2 weeks with one treatment and switched to another for 2 weeks. Using Western blot analysis, the 3D constructs were examined for the expression of fibrotic markers, SPL, and TGF-β signaling pathway members. Scratch assays from 2D cultures were also utilized to evaluate cell migration We observed reduced fibrotic expression and inactivation of latent TGF-β binding proteins (LTBPs), TGF-β receptors, Suppressor of Mothers Against Decapentaplegic homologs (SMADs), and SPL signaling following treatment with I2 prevention and rescue compared to S1P prevention and rescue, respectively. Furthermore, we observed increased cell migration following stimulation with I2 prevention and rescue groups, with decreased cell migration following stimulation with S1P prevention and rescue groups after 12 h and 18 h post-scratch. We have demonstrated that I2 treatment reduced fibrosis and modulated the inactivation of LTBPs, TGF-β receptors, SPLs, and the canonical downstream SMAD pathway. Further investigations are warranted in order to fully uncover the potential of utilizing SphK I2 as a novel therapy for corneal fibrosis.","['D006801', 'D013110', 'D008246', 'D005355', 'D003315', 'D015398', 'D016212', 'D005347', 'D002478', 'D013107', 'D017853', 'D003316']"
38928220,"JP4-039, a Mitochondria-Targeted Nitroxide, Mitigates the Effect of Apoptosis and Inflammatory Cell Migration in the Irradiated Mouse Retina.","We hypothesize that the injection of JP4-039, a mitochondria-targeted nitroxide, prior to irradiation of the mouse retina may decrease apoptosis and reduce neutrophil and macrophage migration into the retina. In our study, we aimed to examine the effects of JP4-039 in the mouse retina using fluorescent microscopy, a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and flow cytometry. Forty-five mice and one eye per mouse were used. In Group 1, fluorescent microscopy was used to determine retinal uptake of 10 µL (0.004 mg/µL) of intravitreally injected BODIPY-labeled JP4-039 at 0, 15, and 60 min after injection. In Group 2, the TUNEL assay was performed to investigate the rate of apoptosis after irradiation in addition to JP4-039 injection, compared to controls. In Group 3, flow cytometry was used to determine the extent of inflammatory cell migration into the retina after irradiation in addition to JP4-039 injection, compared to controls. Maximal retinal uptake of JP4-039 was 15 min after intravitreal injection (p < 0.0001). JP4-039-treated eyes had lower levels of retinal apoptosis (35.8 ± 2.5%) than irradiated controls (49.0 ± 2.7%; p = 0.0066) and demonstrated reduced migration of N1 cells (30.7 ± 11.7% vs. 77.7 ± 5.3% controls; p = 0.004) and M1 cells (76.6 ± 4.2 vs. 88.1 ± 3.7% controls, p = 0.04). Pretreatment with intravitreally injected JP4-039 reduced apoptosis and inflammatory cell migration in the irradiated mouse retina, marking the first confirmed effect of this molecule in retinal tissue. Further studies may allow for safety profiling and potential use for patients with radiation retinopathy.","['D000818', 'D017209', 'D051379', 'D012160', 'D008928', 'D002465', 'D008810', 'D008297', 'D009589', 'D007249']"
38928162,Spermidine Synthase Localization in Retinal Layers: Early Age Changes.,"Polyamine (PA) spermidine (SPD) plays a crucial role in aging. Since SPD accumulates in glial cells, particularly in Müller retinal cells (MCs), the expression of the SPD-synthesizing enzyme spermidine synthase (SpdS) in Müller glia and age-dependent SpdS activity are not known. We used immunocytochemistry, Western blot (WB), and image analysis on rat retinae at postnatal days 3, 21, and 120. The anti-glutamine synthetase (GS) antibody was used to identify glial cells. In the neonatal retina (postnatal day 3 (P3)), SpdS was expressed in almost all progenitor cells in the neuroblast. However, by day 21 (P21), the SpdS label was pronouncedly expressed in multiple neurons, while GS labels were observed only in radial Müller glial cells. During early cell adulthood, at postnatal day 120 (P120), SpdS was observed solely in ganglion cells and a few other neurons. Western blot and semi-quantitative analyses of SpdS labeling showed a dramatic decrease in SpdS at P21 and P120 compared to P3. In conclusion, the redistribution of SpdS with aging indicates that SPD is first synthesized in all progenitor cells and then later in neurons, but not in glia. However, MCs take up and accumulate SPD, regardless of the age-associated decrease in SPD synthesis in neurons.","['D000818', 'D051381', 'D011436', 'D012160', 'D063928', 'D000375', 'D013095', 'D009457', 'D000831']"
38928111,Vitamin D and Sulforaphane Decrease Inflammatory Oxidative Stress and Restore the Markers of Epithelial Integrity in an In Vitro Model of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.,"Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is strictly linked to chronic oxidative stress, inflammation, loss of epithelial barrier integrity, and often with abnormal new blood vessel development. In this study, the retinal epithelial cell line ARPE-19 was treated with pro-inflammatory transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) to investigate the activity of vitamin D (VD) and sulforaphane (SF) in abating the consequences of oxidative stress and inflammation. The administration of VD and SF lowered reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and abated the related expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 induced by TGF-β. We evaluated mitochondrial respiration as a source of ROS production, and we discovered that the increased transcription of respiratory elements triggered by TGF-β was prevented by VD and SF. In this model of inflamed epithelium, the treatment with VD and SF also reduced the secretion of VEGF, a key angiogenic factor, and restored the markers of epithelial integrity. Remarkably, all the observed biological effects were potentiated by the co-stimulation with the two compounds and were not mediated by VD receptor expression but rather by the ERK 1/2 pathway. Altogether, the results of this study reveal the powerful synergistic anti-inflammatory activity of SF and VD and lay the foundation for future clinical assessment of their efficacy in AMD.","['D006801', 'D008268', 'D017879', 'D018384', 'D013454', 'D014807', 'D017382', 'D002460', 'D042461', 'D007249', 'D055213', 'D004847', 'D016212', 'D015415', 'D016209']"
38927751,Extensive Contact Lens Wear Modulates Expression of miRNA-320 and miRNA-423-5p in the Human Corneal Epithelium: Possible Biomarkers of Corneal Health and Environmental Impact.,"The identification of new biomarkers of ocular diseases is nowadays of outmost importance both for early diagnosis and treatment. Epigenetics is a rapidly growing emerging area of research and its involvement in the pathophysiology of ocular disease and regulatory mechanisms is of undisputable importance for diagnostic purposes. Environmental changes may impact the ocular surface, and the knowledge of induced epigenetic changes might help to elucidate the mechanisms of ocular surface disorders. In this pilot study, we investigated the impact of extensive contact lens (CL) wearing on human corneal epithelium epigenetics. We performed ex vivo analysis of the expression of the miR-320 and miR-423-5p involved in the processes of cellular apoptosis and chronic inflammation. The human corneal epithelium was harvested from healthy patients before the photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). The patients were divided into two age- and sex-matched groups accordingly to CL wearing history with no CL wearers used as a control. The epithelium was stored frozen in dry ice at -80 °C and forwarded for miRNA extraction; afterwards, miRNA levels were detected using real-time PCR. Both miRNAs were highly expressed in CL wearers (p < 0.001), suggesting epigenetic modifications occurring in chronic ocular surface stress. These preliminary results show the relationships between selected miRNA expression and the chronic ocular surface stress associated with extensive CL use. MicroRNAs might be considered as biomarkers for the diagnosis of ocular surface conditions and the impact of environmental factors on ocular surface epigenetic. Furthermore, they might be considered as new therapeutic targets in ocular surface diseases.","['D006801', 'D035683', 'D019573', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D015415', 'D003261', 'D010865', 'D044127', 'D005786']"
38927721,Through the Cat-Map Gateway: A Brief History of Cataract Genetics.,"Clouding of the transparent eye lens, or cataract(s), is a leading cause of visual impairment that requires surgical replacement with a synthetic intraocular lens to effectively restore clear vision. Most frequently, cataract is acquired with aging as a multifactorial or complex trait. Cataract may also be inherited as a classic Mendelian trait-often with an early or pediatric onset-with or without other ocular and/or systemic features. Since the early 1990s, over 85 genes and loci have been genetically associated with inherited and/or age-related forms of cataract. While many of these underlying genes-including those for lens crystallins, connexins, and transcription factors-recapitulate signature features of lens development and differentiation, an increasing cohort of unpredicted genes, including those involved in cell-signaling, membrane remodeling, and autophagy, has emerged-providing new insights regarding lens homeostasis and aging. This review provides a brief history of gene discovery for inherited and age-related forms of cataract compiled in the Cat-Map database and highlights potential gene-based therapeutic approaches to delay, reverse, or even prevent cataract formation that may help to reduce the increasing demand for cataract surgery.","['D002386', 'D006801', 'D007908', 'D000818', 'D003459', 'D000375']"
38927662,Molecular Mechanisms Governing Sight Loss in Inherited Cone Disorders.,"Inherited cone disorders (ICDs) are a heterogeneous sub-group of inherited retinal disorders (IRDs), the leading cause of sight loss in children and working-age adults. ICDs result from the dysfunction of the cone photoreceptors in the macula and manifest as the loss of colour vision and reduced visual acuity. Currently, 37 genes are associated with varying forms of ICD; however, almost half of all patients receive no molecular diagnosis. This review will discuss the known ICD genes, their molecular function, and the diseases they cause, with a focus on the most common forms of ICDs, including achromatopsia, progressive cone dystrophies (CODs), and cone-rod dystrophies (CORDs). It will discuss the gene-specific therapies that have emerged in recent years in order to treat patients with some of the more common ICDs.","['D006801', 'D003117', 'D000071700', 'D017949', 'D000077765', 'D001766', 'D000818', 'D015316']"
38927641,Inherited Retinal Diseases and Retinal Organoids as Preclinical Cell Models for Inherited Retinal Disease Research.,"Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a large group of genetically and clinically diverse blinding eye conditions that result in progressive and irreversible photoreceptor degeneration and vision loss. To date, no cures have been found, although strides toward treatments for specific IRDs have been made in recent years. To accelerate treatment discovery, retinal organoids provide an ideal human IRD model. This review aims to give background on the development and importance of retinal organoids for the human-based in vitro study of the retina and human retinogenesis and retinal pathologies. From there, we explore retinal pathologies in the context of IRDs and the current landscape of IRD treatment discovery. We discuss the usefulness of retinal organoids in this context (as a patient-derived cell model for IRDs) to precisely understand the pathogenesis and potential mechanisms behind a specific IRD-causing variant of interest. Finally, we discuss the importance and promise of retinal organoids in treatment discovery for IRDs, now and in the future.","['D009940', 'D006801', 'D012164', 'D012160', 'D000818']"
38927058,VDAC in Retinal Health and Disease.,"The retina, a tissue of the central nervous system, is vital for vision as its photoreceptors capture light and transform it into electrical signals, which are further processed before they are sent to the brain to be interpreted as images. The retina is unique in that it is continuously exposed to light and has the highest metabolic rate and demand for energy amongst all the tissues in the body. Consequently, the retina is very susceptible to oxidative stress. VDAC, a pore in the outer membrane of mitochondria, shuttles metabolites between mitochondria and the cytosol and normally protects cells from oxidative damage, but when a cell's integrity is greatly compromised it initiates cell death. There are three isoforms of VDAC, and existing evidence indicates that all three are expressed in the retina. However, their precise localization and function in each cell type is unknown. It appears that most retinal cells express substantial amounts of VDAC2 and VDAC3, presumably to protect them from oxidative stress. Photoreceptors express VDAC2, HK2, and PKM2-key proteins in the Warburg pathway that also protect these cells. Consistent with its role in initiating cell death, VDAC is overexpressed in the retinal degenerative diseases retinitis pigmentosa, age related macular degeneration (AMD), and glaucoma. Treatment with antioxidants or inhibiting VDAC oligomerization reduced its expression and improved cell survival. Thus, VDAC may be a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of these diseases.","['D006801', 'D050994', 'D012160', 'D000818', 'D018384', 'D012164', 'D008928', 'D012174']"
38926714,Stability of ascorbic acid in human aqueous humor.,"The stability of ascorbic acid (AA) in the human aqueous humor (AqH) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the stability of AqH AA under varying conditions (27, 4, - 20, and - 80 °C) without acidification.","['D001205', 'D006801', 'D001082', 'D004355', 'D006863']"
38926421,Effects of angle of incidence of stimulus light on photopic electroretinograms of zebrafish larvae.,"In electroretinographic (ERG) recordings of zebrafish, the light stimulus is usually delivered by a fiber optic cable. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the angle of incidence of the stimulus light from the fiber optic cable will affect the amplitudes and implicit times of the ERGs of zebrafish larvae. The larvae were positioned on their side with the right eye pointed upward. The light stimuli were delivered by a fiber optic cable from three directions of the larvae: frontal 0° (F0°), dorsal 30°(D30°), and ventral 30°(V30°). Photopic ERGs were recorded from 16 larvae at age 5-6 days post-fertilization. Our results showed that the mean amplitude of the b-wave elicited at D30° and V30° stimulation was significantly smaller than that elicited at F0° stimulation (P = 0.014 and P = 0.019, respectively). In addition, the mean amplitude of the d-wave elicited at D30° and V30° stimulation was significantly smaller than that elicited at F0° stimulation (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.015, respectively). However, the difference between the b-wave amplitudes elicited at D30° and V30° stimuli were not significant (P = 0.98), and the d-wave amplitudes were also not significantly different (P = 0.20). The average b-wave amplitudes elicited at D30° stimulation was 84.6 ± 15.7% and V30° stimulation was 84.8 ± 17.4% relative to that of F0° stimulation. The average d-wave amplitudes elicited by D30° stimulation was 85.5 ± 15.2% and by V30° stimulation was 79.0 ± 11.0% relative to that of F0° stimulation. The differences in the implicit times of the b- and d-wave elicited by the different directions of stimulation were not significant (P = 0.52 and P = 0.14, respectively). We conclude that the amplitude of the photopic ERGs is affected by the angle of the incident light. Thus, it would be better to use ganzfeld stimuli to elicit maximum b- and d-wave amplitudes of the photopic ERGs of zebrafish larvae.","['D000818', 'D015027', 'D004596', 'D007814', 'D010775', 'D008027', 'D012160']"
38925901,Scleral Grafts in Ophthalmic Surgery. A Review.,To summarize the history and current trends in the use of scleral grafts in ophthalmology.,"['D012590', 'D006801', 'D013508', 'D005128']"
38925898,Repeatability of Noninvasive Break-Up Time Measurements using Keratograph Oculus 3.,"The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the repeatability of noninvasive break-up time (NIBUT) measurement by keratograph when it is determined from one, two or three partial measurements, and to recommend a suitable methodology for practice. Another goal is to verify that repeated measurements do not affect the measured value.","['D006801', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D015203', 'D055815', 'D013666', 'D003941', 'D003315', 'D011446']"
38925897,Leiomyoma - Ciliary Body Tumor. A Case Report.,"To demonstrate a rare case of ciliary body leiomyoma in our patient Case report: A 72-year-old female reported to our clinic for a preventive examination, upon which we found a dome-shaped grey-brownish mass on the retinal periphery. After completing gonioscopic and ultrasound examinations, we referred the patient to a specialist facility. Due to a finding of suspicious malignant melanoma, we completed the MRI scan and recommended enucleation of the eyeball. A histopathological examination showed a leiomyoma of the ciliary body.","['D006801', 'D007889', 'D005260', 'D002924', 'D000368', 'D014604', 'D008545', 'D003937']"
38925894,Choroidal Thickness and Central Macular Thickness Measurements with Cirrus HD-OCT in Healthy Individuals in the Turkish Population.,"This research was conducted to determine the normal values of choroidal thickness in healthy individuals and to evaluate the relationship between this thickness and age, gender, refraction, axial length and average macular thickness using OCT.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D002829', 'D041623', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D008266', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D002648', 'D002675', 'D012016']"
38953477,Extracellular Matrix Remodelling of the Periodontium under Orthodontic Force.,"As the biological mechanisms of orthodontic tooth movement have been explored further, scholars have gradually focused on the remodelling mechanism of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the periodontal ligament (PDL). The ECM of the PDL consists of various types of collagens and other glycoproteins. The specific process and mechanism of ECM remodelling during orthodontic tooth movement remains unclear. Collagen I and III, which constitute major components of the PDL, are upregulated under orthodontic force. The changes in the contents of ECM proteins also depend on the expression of ECM-related enzymes, which organise new collagen fibre networks to adapt to changes in tooth position. The matrix metalloproteinase family is the main enzyme that participates in collagen hydrolysis and renewal and changes its expression under orthodontic force. Moreover, ECM adhesion molecules, such as integrins, are also regulated by orthodontic force and participate in the dynamic reaction of cell adhesion and separation with the ECM. This article reviews the changes in ECM components, related enzymes and adhesion molecules in the PDL under orthodontic force to lay the foundation for the exploration of the regulatory mechanism of ECM remodelling during orthodontic tooth movement.","['D005109', 'D006801', 'D014087', 'D010513', 'D010519', 'D020782', 'D016023', 'D003094']"
38943303,Effect of Movement Kinematics and Heat-Treated Alloys on the Apical Extrusion of Debris: An In Vitro Study.,Apically extruded debris can be affected by some features of the file systems such as kinematics or metallurgic properties.,"['D006801', 'D000497', 'D018915', 'D006358', 'D001696', 'D066298', 'D008422', 'D004867', 'D009532', 'D003786']"
38940455,Adipogenic differentiation effect of human periodontal ligament stem cell initial cell density on autologous cells and human bone marrow stromal cells.,"Stem cells demonstrate differentiation and regulatory functions. In this discussion, we will explore the impacts of cell culture density on stem cell proliferation, adipogenesis, and regulatory abilities. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the initial culture density of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) on the adipogenic differentiation of autologous cells. Our findings indicate that the proliferation rate of hPDLSCs increased with increasing initial cell density (0.5-8 × 104 cells/cm2). After adipogenic differentiation induced by different initial cell densities of hPDLSC, we found that the mean adipose concentration and the expression levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (CEBPα), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) genes all increased with increasing cell density. To investigate the regulatory role of hPDLSCs in the adipogenic differentiation of other cells, we used secreted exocrine vesicles derived from hPDLSCs cultivated at different initial cell densities of 50 μg/mL to induce the adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells. We also found that the mean adipose concentration and expression of LPL, CEBPα, and PPARγ genes increased with increasing cell density, with an optimal culture density of 8 × 104 cells/cm2. This study provides a foundation for the application of adipogenic differentiation in stem cells.","['D006801', 'D010513', 'D050156', 'D013234', 'D002454', 'D047495', 'D059630', 'D002478', 'D008071', 'D049109', 'D002452', 'D022763']"
38940041,A Preliminary Investigation into the Effect of Low-Energy Lasers on Dental Pulp Stem Cell Proliferation and the Associated Mechanism.,"Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation potentials. As such, DPSCs have a wide range of clinical applications. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has positive photobiostimulatory effects on cell proliferation, angiogenesis, osteogenic differentiation, bone regeneration, and fracture healing. However, there have been few studies on the effect of low-energy lasers on DPSC proliferation.","['D003782', 'D049109', 'D006801', 'D013234', 'D028022', 'D002478', 'D015398', 'D017209', 'D002454']"
38938883,In-vitro effects of different hyaluronic acids on periodontal biofilm-immune cell interaction.,Recent studies have demonstrated a positive role of hyaluronic acid (HA) on periodontal clinical outcomes. This in-vitro study aimed to investigate the impact of four different HAs on interactions between periodontal biofilm and immune cells.,"['D018441', 'D006820', 'D006801', 'D017382', 'D005347', 'D016207', 'D009000', 'D010513', 'D002460', 'D053583', 'D016753']"
38937760,Color change of tooth-colored restorative materials bonded to silver diamine fluoride-treated dentine: a systematic review.,"The desirable properties of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) make it an effective agent for managing dental caries and tooth hypersensitivity. There are several clinical instances that SDF application might precede the placement of direct tooth-colored restorations. On the other hand, SDF stains demineralized/carious dental tissues black, which might affect the esthetic outcomes of such restorations. Color is a key parameter of esthetics in dentistry. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review dental literature on color/color change of tooth-colored restorations placed following the application of SDF on dentine.","['D018030', 'D006801', 'D000644', 'D005460', 'D003804', 'D003116', 'D003793']"
38936931,Fibula Grafting for Oromandibular Reconstruction and its Effect on Patient Quality of Life - A Scoping Review.,"Fibula osteoseptocutaneous flap has been widely used for oncologic bony reconstruction of both the mandible and maxilla. Early and late morbidities of the donor side such as leg weakness, ankle instability, limited ankle mobility, tibial stress fractures or incision area pain are well documented; however, there is a lack of information about the effects of fibula grafting on patient quality of life. To address this issue, a scoping literature search in the PubMed electronic database was performed to identify all relevant studies and reviews in the period between 2010 and 2022. The potential discomforts after free fibula grafting and their impact on different domains of everyday living were identified and evaluated. The present literature review indicates that donor site morbidity can negatively impact patients' quality of life, albeit generally classified as minor. However, the functional and aesthetic benefits of oromandibular reconstruction clearly outweigh the associated sequelae. Nevertheless, the authors of this review highlight the importance of a comprehensive clinical evaluation of the donor site besides the recipient site during follow-up examinations. This would help to subjectively evaluate the functional and esthetical limitations of a patient's site and promptly detect morbidities that could lead to long-term complications.","['D006801', 'D011788', 'D005360', 'D019651', 'D063175', 'D016025', 'D008334', 'D058752']"
38936890,Effect of Cells Derived from Periodontal Ligament Tissue on Bone Formation.,"Recent reports indicate that sclerostin is secreted by periodontal ligament tissue-derived (PDL) cells during orthodontic force loading and that the secreted sclerostin contributes to bone metabolism. However, the detailed mechanism is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine how PDL cells affect bone formation.","['D010513', 'D000818', 'D010012', 'D010006', 'D051381', 'D017077', 'D002478', 'D008297', 'D005347', 'D002454', 'D007150', 'D019485', 'D005819']"
38935640,Evaluating predictions of the patterning cascade model of crown morphogenesis in the human lower mixed and permanent dentition.,"The patterning cascade model of crown morphogenesis has been studied extensively in a variety of organisms to elucidate the evolutionary history surrounding postcanine tooth form. The current research is the first to use a large modern human sample to examine whether the crown configuration of lower deciduous and permanent molars aligns with expectations derived from the model. This study has two main goals: 1) to determine if metameric and antimeric pairs significantly differ in size, accessory trait expression, and relative intercusp spacing, and 2) assess whether the relative distance among early-forming cusps accounts for observed variation in accessory cusp expression.","['D006801', 'D019228', 'D008963', 'D019229', 'D009024', 'D014094', 'D009805', 'D008297', 'D002648', 'D005260']"
38934757,Temporary Anchorage Device Misplaced into Infratemporal Space - A Case Report.,"During orthodontic treatment, temporary anchoring devices (TADs) are used to restrain tooth movement. They are a relatively recent addition to the dental toolkit.","['D006801', 'D052280', 'D054893', 'D015050', 'D001863', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D001641', 'D008437', 'D014087']"
38934753,An Immunohistochemical and Histological Study of the Animal Periodontal Ligament During Orthodontic Force Application with Concomitant Application of Electric Current - An Animal Study.,The application of direct current can have a significant impact on the rate of tooth movement and surrounding periodontal ligament collagen turnover. This study aims to provide insight into the optimal characteristics of applied current to achieve enhanced tissue response.,"['D010513', 'D000818', 'D017208', 'D014087', 'D008297', 'D051381', 'D024042', 'D007150', 'D024061', 'D009969', 'D003722', 'D009532', 'D013314', 'D014025']"
38934748,"A Comparison of Preparation Times between Manual, Rotary, and Reciprocating Files in Primary Molar Pulpectomy.","To compare preparation times using manual, rotary, and reciprocating files during pulpectomy treatment of primary molars.","['D006801', 'D008963', 'D014094', 'D018915', 'D003430', 'D011670', 'D003762', 'D004867', 'D013997', 'D066298']"
38932538,[Research on intelligent tooth segmentation method combining multiple seed region growth and boundary extension].,"The segmentation of dental models is a crucial step in computer-aided diagnosis and treatment systems for oral healthcare. To address the issues of poor universality and under-segmentation in tooth segmentation techniques, an intelligent tooth segmentation method combining multiple seed region growth and boundary extension is proposed. This method utilized the distribution characteristics of negative curvature meshes in teeth to obtain new seed points and effectively adapted to the structural differences between the top and sides of teeth through differential region growth. Additionally, the boundaries of the initial segmentation were extended based on geometric features, which was effectively compensated for under-segmentation issues in region growth. Ablation experiments and comparative experiments with current state-of-the-art algorithms demonstrated that the proposed method achieved better segmentation of crowded dental models and exhibited strong algorithm universality, thus possessing the capability to meet the practical segmentation needs in oral healthcare.","['D006801', 'D000465', 'D014070', 'D003765', 'D007091', 'D021621']"
38929534,Chronic Diffuse Sclerosing Osteomyelitis of the Mandible: The Use of Bisphosphonates as a Treatment for a Rare and Challenging Condition.,"Chronic diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis is a very rare condition, described as a non-suppurative, inflammatory disease of the bone and characterized by a proliferative endosteal reaction, which clinically reveals itself with cyclic pain of the jaw and swelling. We reported two clinical cases, where patients suffered recurrent swelling and pain at the mandible irradiating to the preauricular area, denying any previous trauma or significant medical history. Odontogenic causes were excluded. An initial treatment with antibiotics and NSAIDs temporarily relieved the symptoms without complete resolution, prompting further investigations. After a comprehensive array of diagnostic tools (X-rays, CT scans, scintigraphy, bone biopsy, serum markers), both patients were diagnosed with chronic diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis of the mandible. Bisphosphonates (clodronate and zolendronate) with different treatment schemes were used to treat the condition, until a full recovery from symptoms was reported. Bisphosphonates could therefore represent an effective option in managing this rare but impactful condition. Further research is warranted to better understand the underlying mechanisms of the disease and to optimize treatment strategies.","['D006801', 'D010019', 'D004164', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D050071', 'D008334', 'D008875', 'D002908', 'D008336', 'D000077211', 'D000328']"
38929521,Combined Periodontal-Orthodontic Treatment with Periodontal Corticotomy Regenerative Surgery in an Adult Patient Suffering from Periodontitis and Skeletal Class II Malocclusion: A Case Report with 5-Year Longitudinal Observation.,"A thick periodontal phenotype with thick gingiva and alveolar bone volume is required for safe orthodontic tooth movement and long-term stability. A high incidence of dehiscence and fenestration in the labial aspect of mandibular anterior teeth may limit the correction of deformity and orthodontic treatment, especially when the lower anterior teeth are needed to have a large range of movement. This study reports a combination of periodontal therapy and orthodontic therapy with periodontal corticotomy regenerative surgery (PCRS) in a 25-year-old patient suffering from skeletal Class II malocclusion and periodontitis. The patient received periodontal therapy 5 years ago and commenced orthodontic treatment 4.5 years ago. During the 4 years of follow-up for PCRS, the clinical and radiographic evaluations revealed significant improvements in the periodontal phenotype of the mandibular anterior region. The periodontal phenotypes in the mandibular incisors region were all modified from thin to thick. Supplementing orthodontic treatment with labial PCRS could be a promising treatment strategy to maintain long-term periodontal health in adult patients with alveolar deficiency and thin gingiva tissue.","['D006801', 'D000328', 'D008312', 'D010518', 'D008137', 'D008297', 'D008334', 'D005260']"
38929509,Comparison of Immediate Implantation into the Socket with and without Periapical Pathology: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.,"Background and Objectives: The present systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate and compare the long-term clinical outcomes of immediate implants placed into fresh sockets with and without periapical pathology. Materials and Methods: After the search and review of the literature in the electronic databases, 109 publications were achieved. The titles and abstracts of 66 publications were screened. After the evaluation of the full text of 22 publications, based on the inclusion criteria, six controlled clinical studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Results: The statistical calculation showed no heterogeneity among the studies included. The implant survival was 99.6% in the test (socket with periapical pathology) and control (socket without periapical pathology) groups of all the clinical trials. The results of the meta-analysis showed no statistically significant difference between test and control groups regarding the marginal bone level and the width of keratinized mucosa in all the studies. Other parameters indicating plaque level, bleeding on probing, and gingival recession also did not differ between test and control groups at the final follow-up in nearly all studies. Conclusions: Within the limitation of this systemic review and meta-analysis, the obtained data suggest that implants immediately placed into the extraction sockets of teeth exhibiting periapical pathology can be successfully osseointegrated for an extended period.","['D006801', 'D020390', 'D003758', 'D015921', 'D057893']"
38929500,Maxillary Osteonecrosis Related with Herpes Zoster: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.,"Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) can occur through various mechanisms including radiation, medication, and viral infections such as herpes zoster. Although herpes zoster is a varicella-zoster virus infection that can affect the trigeminal nerve, it rarely causes oral complications. The author reports a rare case of herpes zoster-related ONJ, followed by a review of the relevant literature pertaining to herpes zoster-related oral complications, including ONJ. A 73-year-old woman presented with a scarred skin lesion on her left midface with an exposed alveolar bone of the left maxilla. Based on her medical records, she received a diagnosis and treatment for herpes zoster six months prior and experienced a few teeth loss in the left maxilla following a fall preceding the onset of herpes zoster. Sequestrectomy of the left maxilla was performed and ONJ was diagnosed. The operative site recovered favorably. Although unusual, several cases of localized extensive ONJ in herpes zoster-infected patients have been reported. This case illustrates the possibility of a rare occurrence of unilateral widespread osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) even in the maxilla associated with herpes zoster. The exact mechanism has not been elucidated; nevertheless, surgeons should consider the possibility of oral and dental complications, including ONJ, related to a history of herpes zoster.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D006562', 'D010020', 'D008437']"
38929475,Effect of Third Molar Surgery on Sleep Health Parameters of Young Adults: An Observational Study.,"Background and Objectives: The role of surgical extraction of the third molar in patients' sleep quality remains unclear, although it is one of the most common oral surgical procedures. The aim of this study is to assess the changes in patient-reported sleep health outcomes after third molar surgery and to investigate any associations between sleep parameters and post-extraction pain. Materials and Methods: Young adults without known comorbidities who were in need of mandibular third molar surgical extraction were included. All participants completed a sleep diary, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) questionnaires, which were used to assess sleep habits, daytime sleepiness, sleep quality and insomnia severity one week before and after extraction. In addition, a visual analog scale was completed postoperatively to assess the perception of pain. Results: Out of 75 patients who completed the study protocol, 32 (42.7%) were males and 43 (57.3%) were females, with a mean age of 24.01 (±3.43) years. Postoperatively, statistically significant higher scores were observed for PSQI [4.85 (±2.32) before vs. 5.39 (±2.75) after, p = 0.041], AIS [5.56 (±3.23) before vs. 6.91 (±4.06) after, p < 0.001] and average weekly number of nocturnal awakenings [2.01 (±3.72) before vs. 4.19 (±5.20) after, p < 0.001] but not for ESS, average weekly sleep duration and average weekly sleep onset latency. Pain perception was increased in patients who slept worse on almost all seven postoperative days, although this did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Third molar surgery impacts sleep quality and insomnia severity in the first week after extraction, while there is no effect on daytime sleepiness. The worsening of subjective sleep symptoms after extraction may be associated with an increased perception of pain.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008964', 'D000328', 'D014081', 'D055815', 'D011795', 'D000089943', 'D010149', 'D007319']"
38929458,Periodontal Phenotype Modification of Peri-Implant Soft Tissue Deficiency Using Subepithelial Connective Tissue Grafts and Bone Grafts in the Esthetic Region.,"Peri-implant soft tissue deficiency (PSTD) is a significant factor impacting aesthetics, particularly in the anterior zone, where labial bone resorption and thin peri-implant phenotypes are common. The occurrence of a gray color around the implant fixture due to PSTD can be aesthetically concerning in the esthetic zone. In cases involving natural teeth, autogenous soft tissue grafts such as subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTGs), free gingival grafts (FGGs), and coronally advanced flaps (CAFs) are commonly utilized. However, there are limited reports of using bone grafts in conjunction with these techniques for modifying the gingival phenotype around both teeth and implants. In the presented cases where PSTD resulted in visible gray coloration of the implant fixture in the esthetic zone, mechanical and chemical decontamination of the exposed implant surface was performed using a titanium brush and tetracycline (Tc) HCl. Subsequently, to enhance peri-implant mucosa thickness and mask the titanium color, simultaneous SCTG and bone grafting procedures were conducted. Within the limitations of these case reports, successful esthetic outcomes were achieved and maintained without recurrence for 3-6 years following the simultaneous subepithelial connective tissue graft and bone graft procedures. These findings suggest the potential efficacy of this combined approach in addressing PSTD and enhancing aesthetic results around dental implants, though further studies are needed to validate these outcomes.","['D006801', 'D003238', 'D016025', 'D005260', 'D010641', 'D005881', 'D004955', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D008297', 'D015921']"
38928355,Local E-rhBMP-2/β-TCP Application Rescues Osteocyte Dendritic Integrity and Reduces Microstructural Damage in Alveolar Bone Post-Extraction in MRONJ-like Mouse Model.,"The pathology of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), often associated with antiresorptive therapy, is still not fully understood. Osteocyte networks are known to play a critical role in maintaining bone homeostasis and repair, but the exact condition of these networks in MRONJ is unknown. On the other hand, the local application of E-coli-derived Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/β-Tricalcium phosphate (E-rhBMP-2/β-TCP) has been shown to promote bone regeneration and mitigate osteonecrosis in MRONJ-like mouse models, indicating its potential therapeutic application for the treatment of MRONJ. However, the detailed effect of BMP-2 treatment on restoring bone integrity, including its osteocyte network, in an MRONJ condition remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study, by applying a scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis and a 3D osteocyte network reconstruction workflow on the alveolar bone surrounding the tooth extraction socket of an MRONJ-like mouse model, we examined the effectiveness of BMP-2/β-TCP therapy on the alleviation of MRONJ-related bone necrosis with a particular focus on the osteocyte network and alveolar bone microstructure (microcrack accumulation). The 3D osteocyte dendritic analysis showed a significant decrease in osteocyte dendritic parameters along with a delay in bone remodeling in the MRONJ group compared to the healthy counterpart. The SEM analysis also revealed a notable increase in the number of microcracks in the alveolar bone surface in the MRONJ group compared to the healthy group. In contrast, all of those parameters were restored in the E-rhBMP-2/β-TCP-treated group to levels that were almost similar to those in the healthy group. In summary, our study reveals that MRONJ induces osteocyte network degradation and microcrack accumulation, while application of E-rhBMP-2/β-TCP can restore a compromised osteocyte network and abrogate microcrack accumulation in MRONJ.","['D000818', 'D055396', 'D010011', 'D002130', 'D051379', 'D011994', 'D004195', 'D059266', 'D006801', 'D001861', 'D008297', 'D014081', 'D016212', 'D000539']"
38928274,Dynamic Alterations in Acetylation and Modulation of Histone Deacetylase Expression Evident in the Dentine-Pulp Complex during Dentinogenesis.,"Epigenetic modulation, including histone modification, alters gene expression and controls cell fate. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are identified as important regulators of dental pulp cell (DPC) mineralisation processes. Currently, there is a paucity of information regarding the nature of histone modification and HDAC expression in the dentine-pulp complex during dentinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate post-translational histone modulation and HDAC expression during DPC mineralisation and the expression of Class I/II HDACs during tooth development and in adult teeth. HDAC expression (isoforms -1 to -6) was analysed in mineralising primary rat DPCs using qRT-PCR and Western blot with mass spectrometry being used to analyse post-translational histone modifications. Maxillary molar teeth from postnatal and adult rats were analysed using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for HDACs (1-6). HDAC-1, -2, and -4 protein expression increased until days 7 and 11, but decreased at days 14 and 21, while other HDAC expression increased continuously for 21 days. The Class II mineralisation-associated HDAC-4 was strongly expressed in postnatal sample odontoblasts and DPCs, but weakly in adult teeth, while other Class II HDACs (-5, -6) were relatively strongly expressed in postnatal DPCs and adult odontoblasts. Among Class I HDACs, HDAC-1 showed high expression in postnatal teeth, notably in ameloblasts and odontoblasts. HDAC-2 and -3 had extremely low expression in the rat dentine-pulp complex. Significant increases in acetylation were noted during DPC mineralisation processes, while trimethylation H3K9 and H3K27 marks decreased, and the HDAC-inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) enhanced H3K27me3. These results highlight a dynamic alteration in histone acetylation during mineralisation and indicate the relevance of Class II HDAC expression in tooth development and regenerative processes.","['D000818', 'D000107', 'D051381', 'D006655', 'D003810', 'D003804', 'D003782', 'D011499', 'D006657', 'D008963', 'D009804', 'D008297']"
38927060,IFN-γ-Preconditioned Human Gingival-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Inhibit Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells via Adenosine.,"Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are vital players in antiviral immune responses because of their high levels of IFN-α secretion. However, this attribute has also implicated them as critical factors behind the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, and no currently available therapy can efficiently inhibit pDCs' aberrant activation. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess stromal immunomodulatory functionality, regulating immune cell activation through several mechanisms, including the adenosinergic (CD39/CD73/adenosine) pathway. The IFN-γ preconditioning of bone marrow MSCs improves their inhibitory properties for therapy applications; however, isolating human gingival tissue-derived MSCs (hGMSCs) is more accessible. These cells have shown better immunomodulatory effects, yet the outcome of IFN-γ preconditioning and its impact on the adenosinergic pathway has not been evaluated. This study first validated the immunoregulatory properties of primary-cultured hGMSCs, and the results showed that IFN-γ preconditioning strengthens CD39/CD73 coexpression, adenosine production, and the regulatory properties of hGMSC, which were confirmed by describing for the first time their ability to reduce pDC activation and their IFN-α secretion and to increase the frequency of CD73+ pDC. In addition, when CD73's enzymatic activity was neutralized in hGMSCs, adenosine production and the IFN-γ preconditioning effect were restrained. This evidence might be applied to design hGMSCs- and adenosine-based immunotherapeutic strategies for treating inflammatory disorders that are associated with pDC overactivation.","['D006801', 'D059630', 'D003713', 'D000241', 'D007371', 'D005881', 'D015720', 'D002478', 'D001081', 'D058851']"
38926776,Comparison of remineralization ability of tricalcium silicate and of glass ionomer cement on residual dentin: an in vitro study.,This study aimed to compare the remineralization effects of a calcium silicate-based cement (Biodentine) and of a glass ionomer cement (GIC: Fuji IX) on artificially demineralized dentin.,"['D017610', 'D005899', 'D006801', 'D017640', 'D003804', 'D014089', 'D066298', 'D008855', 'D013052', 'D002118', 'D008422', 'D003731', 'D010758']"
38926728,Evaluation of the resection plane three-dimensional positional accuracy using a resection guide directional guidance slot; a randomized clinical trial.,The study was performed to compare the mandibular resection guide with a directional guidance slot with the conventional guide regarding three-dimensional positional accuracy.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D025321', 'D008334', 'D000328', 'D021621', 'D010027', 'D008875']"
38926720,Evaluation of the relationship between periodontal bone destruction and mesial root concavity of the maxillary first premolar.,The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphology of maxillary first premolar mesial root concavity and to analyse its relation to periodontal bone loss (BL) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and panoramic radiographs.,"['D006801', 'D001641', 'D054893', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D016301', 'D014092', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D000293', 'D008437', 'D000368', 'D055815', 'D011862', 'D019237']"
38926705,TAZ reverses the inhibitory effects of LPS on the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells through the NF-κB signaling pathway.,"Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are important candidate seed cells for periodontal tissue engineering, but the presence of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in periodontal tissues inhibits the self-renewal and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. Our previous studies demonstrated that TAZ is a positive regulator of osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, but whether TAZ can protect hPDLSCs from LPS is still unknown. The present study aimed to explore the regulatory effect of TAZ on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs in an LPS-induced inflammatory model, and to preliminarily reveal the molecular mechanisms related to the NF-κB signaling pathway.","['D006801', 'D010513', 'D008070', 'D010012', 'D016328', 'D002454', 'D015398', 'D013234', 'D014157', 'D002478', 'D049109', 'D000091364', 'D015153']"
38926497,Genome-wide association study identifies host genetic variants influencing oral microbiota diversity and metabolic health.,"The microbial communities of the oral cavity are important elements of oral and systemic health. With emerging evidence highlighting the heritability of oral bacterial microbiota, this study aimed to identify host genome variants that influence oral microbial traits. Using data from 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we performed genome-wide association studies with univariate and multivariate traits of the salivary microbiota from 610 unrelated adults from the Danish ADDITION-PRO cohort. We identified six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in human genomes that showed associations with abundance of bacterial taxa at different taxonomical tiers (P < 5 × 10-8). Notably, SNP rs17793860 surpassed our study-wide significance threshold (P < 1.19 × 10-9). Additionally, rs4530093 was linked to bacterial beta diversity (P < 5 × 10-8). Out of these seven SNPs identified, six exerted effects on metabolic traits, including glycated hemoglobin A1c, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, the risk of type 2 diabetes and stroke. Our findings highlight the impact of specific host SNPs on the composition and diversity of the oral bacterial community. Importantly, our results indicate an intricate interplay between host genetics, the oral microbiota, and metabolic health. We emphasize the need for integrative approaches considering genetic, microbial, and metabolic factors.","['D006801', 'D055106', 'D020641', 'D005260', 'D064307', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D009055', 'D000328', 'D012336', 'D003924', 'D012463', 'D000368']"
38926433,Green synthesis of nanohydroxyapatite with Elaeagnus angustifolia L. extract as a metronidazole nanocarrier for in vitro pulpitis model treatment.,"The aim of this study is to introduce a dental capping agent for the treatment of pulp inflammation (pulpitis). Nanohydroxyapatite with Elaeagnus angustifolia L. extract (nHAEA) loaded with metronidazole (nHAEA@MTZ) was synthesized and evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro model of pulpitis. nHAEA was synthesized through sol-gel method and analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Brunauer Emmett Teller. Inflammation in human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) induced by LPS. A scratch test assessed cell migration, RT PCR measured cytokines levels, and Alizarin red staining quantified odontogenesis. The nHAEA nanorods were 17-23 nm wide and 93-146 nm length, with an average pore diameter of 27/312 nm, and a surface area of 210.89 m2/g. MTZ loading content with controlled release, suggesting suitability for therapeutic applications. nHAEA@MTZ did not affect the odontogenic abilities of HDPSCs more than nHAEA. However, it was observed that nHAEA@MTZ demonstrated a more pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. HDPSCs treated with nanoparticles exhibited improved migration compared to other groups. These findings demonstrated that nHAEA@MTZ could be an effective material for pulp capping and may be more effective than nHAEA in reducing inflammation and activating HDPSCs to enhance pulp repair after pulp damage.","['D010936', 'D006801', 'D011671', 'D008795', 'D003782', 'D017886', 'D053758', 'D055772', 'D004337', 'D013234', 'D002465', 'D002478']"
38925868,Effect of Formulation Parameters on Enalapril Maleate Mucoadhesive Buccal Tablet Using Quality by Design (QbD) Approach.,"The buccal route has great prospects and possible benefits for the administration of drugs systemically. The present study involves designing, developing and optimising the buccal tablet formulation of Enalapril Maleate (EM) by using the QbD approach. We prepared the EM buccal tablets using the dry granulation method. In the QTPP profile, the CQAs for EM buccal tablets are Mucoadhesive strength, swelling index and drug release (dependent variables); the CMAs identified for EM buccal tablets were Carbopol 934P, HPMC-K100M and chitosan (independent variables). Diluent quantity, blending time and compression force were selected as CPPs; the Box-Behnkentdesign was used to evaluate the relationship between the CMAs and CPPs. Based on the DoE, the composition of the optimised formulation of EM BT-18 consists of 20mg of EM, 15 mg of carbopol 934p, 17 mg of HPMC-K100M, 10mg of chitosan, 30 mg of PVP K-30, 1 mg of magnesium stearate, 16 mg of Mannitol, 1 mg of aspartame, and 50 mg of Ethyl cellulose. The optimised formulation of EM BT 18 was found to have a Mucoadhesive strength of 24.32±0.30g. The swelling index was 90.74±0.25% and drug release was sustained up to 10 hours 98.4±3.62% compared to the marketed product, whose release was up to 8 hours. We attempted to design a buccal tablet of Enalapril Maleate for sustained drug release in the treatment of hypertension. Patients who cannot take oral medication due to trauma or unconscious conditions could receive the formulation. Development of a newly P.ceutical product is very time-consuming, extremely costly and high-risk, with very little chance of a successful outcome. Hence, this study showed EM tablets are already available on the market but we have chosen a buccal drug delivery system using a novel approach using QbD tools to target the quality of the product accurately.","['D013607', 'D004656', 'D000278', 'D009061', 'D004339', 'D002626']"
38924408,A data-efficient and easy-to-use lip language interface based on wearable motion capture and speech movement reconstruction.,"Lip language recognition urgently needs wearable and easy-to-use interfaces for interference-free and high-fidelity lip-reading acquisition and to develop accompanying data-efficient decoder-modeling methods. Existing solutions suffer from unreliable lip reading, are data hungry, and exhibit poor generalization. Here, we propose a wearable lip language decoding technology that enables interference-free and high-fidelity acquisition of lip movements and data-efficient recognition of fluent lip language based on wearable motion capture and continuous lip speech movement reconstruction. The method allows us to artificially generate any wanted continuous speech datasets from a very limited corpus of word samples from users. By using these artificial datasets to train the decoder, we achieve an average accuracy of 92.0% across individuals (n = 7) for actual continuous and fluent lip speech recognition for 93 English sentences, even observing no training burn on users because all training datasets are artificially generated. Our method greatly minimizes users' training/learning load and presents a data-efficient and easy-to-use paradigm for lip language recognition.","['D006801', 'D000076251', 'D013060', 'D007802', 'D008046', 'D009068', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008085', 'D000092682']"
38923974,Starvation-induced changes in the proteome and transcriptome of the salivary glands of leech (Hirudo nipponia).,"Hirudo nipponia is an important medicinal animal in China. Its salivary gland secretions contain a variety of protein bioactive substances. Investigations of its salivary glands are of great significance in the study of the medicinal value and mechanism of leech secretions. Illumina RNA-Seq technology was used to perform transcriptome sequencing of salivary gland tissue of H. nipponia under starvation (D30) and fed (D0) states. A total of 2,650 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. Using the label-free protein quantification technique and bioinformatics analysis, the expression of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the salivary gland tissue of H. nipponia was compared. A total of 2,021 proteins were identified, among which 181 proteins were differentially expressed between the starvation and fed states, with 72 significantly upregulated and 109 significantly downregulated. The salivary glands of H. nipponia synthesized protein-based active substances after 30 days of starvation and adapted to the starvation environment by weakening respiratory activity and reducing metabolic activity to reduce energy expenditure. Energy was produced by glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle for the synthesis of substances such as antibiotics. This study combined transcriptome and proteome sequencing data to provide a data reference for an in-depth study of the regulatory mechanism of salivary gland secretions of H. nipponia under starvation stress by analyzing DEGs and DEPs.","['D000818', 'D012469', 'D059467', 'D020543', 'D013217', 'D007865', 'D020869']"
38923928,"Characteristics, Treatment, and Prognosis of Pediatric Symphyseal/Parasymphyseal-Condylar Fractures.","Pediatric condylar fractures combined with symphyseal or parasymphyseal fractures are common but challenging to manage. The authors present fracture characteristics, propose a treatment algorithm, and evaluate the treatment prognosis of pediatric symphyseal/parasymphyseal-condylar fractures.","['D006801', 'D012189', 'D008297', 'D002648', 'D005260', 'D008337', 'D008335', 'D011379', 'D005593', 'D000293', 'D002675', 'D016896', 'D000465', 'D000070799']"
38923288,"Effectiveness of Ultrasound Therapy, TheraBite Device, Masticatory Muscle Exercises, and Stabilization Splint for the Treatment of Masticatory Myofascial Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a particular type of temporomandibular joint disorder. Research findings comparing various treatment approaches are scarce and controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of ultrasound therapy, stabilization splint, TheraBite device, and masticatory muscle exercises in reducing pain intensity and improving mandibular mobility in patients with MPS.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D016037', 'D000328', 'D005081', 'D014464', 'D017090', 'D008410', 'D016896', 'D008875', 'D013706', 'D010147', 'D055815']"
38922383,Cytotoxic impact of nicotine products on periodontal ligament cells.,"The primary objective of this in vitro experiment was an assessment of proliferative capacity, metabolic activity, and potential cellular detriment of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDL) exposed to cigarette smoke (CS), electronic cigarette vapor (eCV), and heated tobacco product aerosol (HTP), or air (control).","['D010513', 'D006801', 'D049109', 'D002478', 'D066300', 'D062789', 'D005434', 'D066298', 'D012906', 'D000079522', 'D000336', 'D009538', 'D017209']"
38922259,Influence of Neonatal Ankyloglossia on exclusive breastfeeding in the six first months of life: a cohort study.,To analyze the influence of ankyloglossia on the prevalence and duration of exclusive breastfeeding of full-term infants up to the sixth month of life.,"['D006801', 'D001942', 'D000072676', 'D011446', 'D007231', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D007223', 'D013997', 'D015331', 'D000328', 'D008035', 'D014886', 'D015995', 'D001938', 'D012307']"
38922252,Association of defects of enamel with polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor and parathyroid hormone genes.,"This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between developmental defects of enamel (DDE) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes encoding the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Orthodontic patients receiving treatment at a dental school were selected through convenience sampling. Intra-oral photographs were used to assess DDE, which were classified according to the criteria proposed by Ghanim et al. (2015) by a single calibrated examiner (Kappa>0.80). Enamel hypoplasia, molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), hypomimineralized second primary molar (HSPM), and non-MIH/HSPM demarcated opacities were considered for the analysis. Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal cells. The SNPs in VDR (rs7975232) and PHT (rs694, rs6256, and rs307247) were genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reactions (PCR). Statistical analyses were performed using the PLINK software (version 1.03, designed by Shaun Purcell, EUA). Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were performed at a significance level of 5%. Ninety-one (n=91) patients (49 females and 42 males) (mean age of 14.1±5.8 years) were included. The frequency of DDE was 38.5% (35 patients). Genotype distributions were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No significant statistical association was found between DDE and the SNPs evaluated. A borderline association (p=0.09) was observed between DDE and the CC haplotype for SNP rs7975232 in VDR. In conclusion, the selected SNPs in VDR and PTH genes were not associated with DDE in the studied samples.","['D006801', 'D018167', 'D020641', 'D005260', 'D003430', 'D008297', 'D010281', 'D003744', 'D002648', 'D000293', 'D003743', 'D060888', 'D005838']"
38922251,Antimicrobial Efficacy and Dentin Collagen Damage Caused by Calcium Hypochlorite and Sodium Hypochlorite.,"This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of calcium hypochlorite (Ca (OCl)2) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and dentin organic matrix alteration by picrosirius staining and light microscopy (LM). Samples of human extracted teeth were infected with Enterococcus faecalis by centrifugation of the bacterial suspension and were treated with Ca(OCl)2 or NaOCl at 0.5%, 2.5%, and 6% for 15, 30, and 60 seconds. CLSM and viability staining were used to quantitatively analyze the proportions of dead/live bacteria in the canal lumen and border of the root canal. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Fisher test. For LM analysis, one hundred bovine teeth were randomly divided into 10 test groups (n=10): G1- Without treatment; G2- 17% EDTA; G3- 6% NaOCl; G4- 6% NaOCl + EDTA; G5- 0.5% Ca(OCl)2; G6- 0.5% Ca(OCl)2 + EDTA; G7- 2.5% Ca(OCl)2; G8- 2.5% Ca(OCl)2 + EDTA; G9- 6% Ca(OCl)2; G10- 6% Ca(OCl)2 + EDTA. The samples were fragmented and stained with Picrosirius. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn (P<0.05). There was a strong correlation between the results of the canal lumen and the border of the root canal (r=0.962). Both hypochlorites at a concentration of 0.5% showed less microbial reduction compared to 2.5% and 6% (P<0.05). There was less antimicrobial activity at 15 seconds compared to 30 and 60 seconds (P<0.05). Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl showed similar results at the same concentrations (P>0.05). In conclusion, Ca(OCl)2 caused fewer alterations to the dentin organic matrix at concentrations of 0.5% and 2.5%. Ca(OCl)2 presents antimicrobial activity similar to NaOCl, and collagen damage is concentration-dependent.","['D012973', 'D003804', 'D017610', 'D013293', 'D003094', 'D006801', 'D000890', 'D012388', 'D002417', 'D018613', 'D000818', 'D003786', 'D066298']"
38922249,Analysis of the atrophic mandible rehabilitated with fixed total prosthesis on mono or bicortical implants.,"Rehabilitation of edentulous atrophic mandibles involves the placement of implants in the anterior segment of the mandible. The primary stability of these implants can be improved using the base of the mandible as complementary anchorage (bicorticalization). This study aimed to analyze the biomechanics of atrophic mandibles rehabilitated with monocortical or bicortical implants. Two three-dimensional virtual models of edentulous mandibles with severe atrophy were prepared. Four monocortical implants were placed in one model (McMM), and four bicortical implants were placed in the other (BcMM). An implant-supported total prosthesis was prepared for each model. Then, a total axial load of 600 N was applied to the posterior teeth, and its effects on the models were analyzed using finite element analysis. The highest compressive stresses were concentrated in the cervical region of the implants in the McMM (-32.562 Mpa); in the BcMM, compressive stresses were distributed in the upper and lower cortex of the mandible, with increased compressive stresses at the distal implants (-63.792 Mpa). Thus, we conclude that axial loading forces are more uniformly distributed in the peri-implant bone when using monocortical implants and concentrated in the apical and cervical regions of the peri-implant bone when using bicortical implants.","['D006801', 'D008334', 'D015921', 'D020342', 'D001284', 'D019094', 'D007575', 'D001696', 'D003799']"
38922248,Cytotoxic effects on human dental pulp stem Cells after exposure to adhesive bonding agents.,"Studies regarding cytotoxic effects attributed to the use of adhesive bonding agents on pulp tissue are not conclusive. To point out whether these materials are safe for clinical use, in vivo exposure of dental pulp to adhesive bonding agents was simulated using an experimental setup in which Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSC) are exposed to the action of two kinds of adhesives: self-etching adhesives and two-step bonding agents through a dentine barrier. Cytotoxic effects on these cells were evaluated by MTT assay protocol and fluorescence microscopy, and their results were contrasted to those obtained through Raman spectra taken on single hDPSCs. Overall, no significant cytotoxic effects were observed by combining all the techniques, and cell viability close to 90% was achieved for a dentine barrier of at least 1 mm thick. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy was able to detect structural DNA damage in some dental pulp cells when exposed to two-step bonding agents, suggesting that this technique could be considered a complementary tool with the potential to evaluate cell toxicity beyond cell viability.","['D006801', 'D003782', 'D013234', 'D013059', 'D017220', 'D002470', 'D008856', 'D002478']"
38922243,Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract alleviates halitosis and reduces the inflammatory response to oral bacteria.,To assess the efficacy of Phyllanthus emblica extract in alleviating halitosis and reducing the inflammatory response to halitosis-related bacteria.,"['D029842', 'D006209', 'D006801', 'D010936', 'D004311', 'D016967', 'D016966', 'D016207', 'D008855', 'D004797', 'D005260', 'D013997', 'D008297', 'D060888', 'D016896', 'D000328', 'D055815', 'D051195', 'D005638', 'D018709', 'D009061', 'D000704', 'D013457']"
38922242,In vitro effect of TiF4/NaF solution on the development of radiation-induced dentin caries.,To evaluate the protective effect of an experimental solution containing TiF4/NaF on the development of radiation-induced dentin caries lesions.,"['D012969', 'D002417', 'D000818', 'D003804', 'D003731', 'D018441', 'D005459', 'D012463', 'D013295', 'D013997', 'D000704', 'D008852', 'D002327', 'D015203', 'D007778', 'D015169', 'D017001', 'D006801', 'D008422', 'D012016', 'D016896', 'D018709', 'D014025']"
38922241,Comparison of biofilm models for producing artificial active white spot lesions.,This study compared three protocols for developing artificial white spot lesions (WSL) using biofilm models.,"['D018441', 'D006801', 'D013295', 'D003731', 'D003743', 'D007780', 'D013997', 'D015203', 'D016986', 'D013059', 'D000704', 'D008859', 'D018709', 'D014089', 'D012016', 'D012463', 'D017001', 'D005453']"
38922213,Effect of erosive conditions on different sealant materials used in paediatric dentistry.,"To evaluate the effect of acidic challenge on erosion depth and topographic characteristics of different materials used as occlusal sealants. Two hundred specimens of five sealant materials (Fuji IX, Ketac Molar, Fuji II, Equia and Clinpro) and forty bovine teeth enamel samples (control) were prepared and exposed to acidic challenge. The specimens were immersed in four different solutions (orange juice, coke drink, citric acid or distilled water) under mildly shaken conditions for 3 days. The erosion depth profiles were measured using a profilometer and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Two-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test was performed to evaluate the interactions. Sealant material and acidic challenge had significant effects on erosion depth. Among the materials, Fuji II presented the highest mean of erosion depth after immersion in orange juice, coke drink, and citric acid. All materials groups presented higher erosion depth values after immersion in the citric acid solution, except Clinpro. Bovine enamel presented higher erosion depth values compared to all materials when submitted to erosive challenge. Sealant materials submitted to the acidic challenge presented different degrees of erosion and topographic modification; however, they are less susceptible to erosion than bovine teeth enamel.","['D002417', 'D000818', 'D014077', 'D003743', 'D008422', 'D019343', 'D008855', 'D010895', 'D000704', 'D013997', 'D013499', 'D005899', 'D015203', 'D002253', 'D012016', 'D006863', 'D003188']"
38922209,Influence of torque and bone type on stability quotient of two implant platforms: a clinical trial.,"The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of insertion torque, bone type, and peri-implant bone loss on implant stability quotient (ISQ) of cylindrical external hexagon (EH) and Morse Taper (MT) implants. Forty-four single implants were placed in the edentulous areas of 20 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Immediately after implant placement (t1) and after osseointegration (four and six months for mandible and maxilla, respectively) (t2), insertion torque, resonance frequency, and peri-implant bone loss were measured using probing depths and digital periapical radiography. A significant difference was noted in the ISQ values between t1 and t2 in type III bone for EH and MT implants. No significant difference in bone loss values was observed when comparing bone types for EH or MT in all evaluated sites. Based on marginal bone loss assessed using radiography, there was no significant difference between the MT and EH groups. A positive correlation between torque and ISQ t1 value was observed for MT (correlation: 0.439; p = 0.041) and EH (correlation: 0.461; p = 0.031) implants. For EH and MT implants, the greater the insertion torque, the greater was the ISQ value (moderately positive correlation). A weak negative correlation was found between bone type and ISQ t1 for MT implants. Contrarily, no correlation was observed between bone type and ISQ t1 for EH implants. In all cases, bone loss around the implants was clinically normal.","['D006801', 'D019415', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D016301', 'D016348', 'D003758', 'D008875', 'D012016', 'D013997', 'D016896', 'D018709', 'D017267', 'D000328', 'D008334', 'D017268', 'D000368', 'D000074269', 'D015921', 'D008437', 'D019250', 'D015203']"
38922208,"Prevalence of species of yellow, purple and green microbial complexes in endo-perio lesions: a systematic review.","This review aimed to determine the prevalence of species of yellow, purple and green microbial complexes in root canals (RC) and periodontal pockets (PP) of teeth with endodontic-periodontal lesions. For this purpose, two reviewers searched the literature up to January 2022. Studies reporting the prevalence of species of the yellow, purple and green microbial complexes in teeth diagnosed with endodontic-periodontal lesions were included. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the 14 criteria from the NIH Quality Assessment Tool. Of 1,611 references identified in the initial search, only four studies were eligible and included in the qualitative analysis. The profile and prevalence rates of bacterial species in RC and PP varied among the included studies: levels of Agregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (12% RC, 58% PP), Capnocytophaga granulosa (10% RC, 35% PP), Capnocytophaga sputigena (15-70% RC, 0-30% PP), Streptococcus mitis (30% RC, 35% PP), Streptococcus sanguinis (30% RC, 35% PP), and Veillonella parvula (70% RC, 50% PP) were identified. The high methodological heterogeneity prevented grouping and quantitative analysis of data. The risk of bias was considered 'moderate' for all studies. The included studies identified the presence of seven bacterial species belonging to the yellow, purple, and green microbial complexes in RC and PP, but with different prevalence rates. Future clinical studies are encouraged to investigate the presence and role of these species in the occurrence and development of endodontic-periodontal lesions.","['D006801', 'D003786', 'D015995', 'D010514']"
38922206,Association between underlying dentin shadows (ICDAS 4) and OHRQoL among adolescents from southern Brazil.,"This study aimed to assess the association between underlying dentin shadows (UDS) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among 15-19-year-old adolescents from southern Brazil. This population-based cross-sectional study included a representative sample of 1,197 15-19-year-old adolescents attending 31 public and private schools from Santa Maria, Brazil. The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) was used to evaluate the OHRQoL, and clinical examinations were performed by two calibrated examiners (intra/interexaminer kappa values for caries examination ≥ 0.80) to diagnose UDS (ICDAS code 4 caries lesions). Sociodemographic information and clinical characteristics (overall caries experience, traumatic dental injury, malocclusion, and gingivitis) were also collected as adjusting variables. Multilevel Poisson regression models were used to assess the association between UDS and OHRQoL. Rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. The UDS prevalence was 8.8% (n = 106 adolescents). In the adjusted models, adolescents with UDS had poorer OHRQoL than those without UDS, and the strength of the association was dependent on the number of lesions per individual. Individuals with 1-2 UDS had a mean OHIP-14 score 8% higher (RR = 1.08; 95%CI: 1.01-1.17) than adolescents without UDS, while those with 3-4 UDS had a mean score 35% higher (RR = 1.35; 95%CI: 1.12-1.63). This negative association was related to physical disability, psychological disability, social disability, and handicap domains. This study showed that UDS was associated negatively with OHRQoL among 15-19-year-old adolescents from southern Brazil. The negative effect of UDS on OHRQoL emphasizes the importance of addressing issues regarding OHRQoL even in the posterior teeth of adolescents.","['D006801', 'D000293', 'D001938', 'D011788', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D009909', 'D003430', 'D055815', 'D003731', 'D012959', 'D003804', 'D016012', 'D015995']"
38956120,Description of pain associated with persistent postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty.,"After total knee arthroplasty (TKA), approximately 20% of patients experience persistent postoperative pain (PPP). Although preoperative and postoperative pain intensity is a relevant factor, more detailed description of pain is needed to determine specific intervention strategies for clinical conditions. This study aimed to clarify the associations between preoperative and postoperative descriptions of pain and PPP. Fifty-two TKA patients were evaluated for pain intensity and description of pain preoperatively and 2 weeks postoperatively, and the intensities were compared. In addition, the relationship between pain intensity and PPP at 3 and 6 months after surgery was analyzed using a Bayesian approach. Descriptions of arthritis (""Throbbing"" and ""aching"") improved from preoperative to 2 weeks postoperative. Several preoperative (""Shooting"", ""Aching"", ""Caused by touch"", ""Numbness"") and postoperative (""Cramping pain"") descriptors were associated with pain intensity at 3 months postoperatively, but only ""cramping pain"" at 2 weeks postoperatively was associated with the presence of PPP at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. In conclusion, it is important to carefully listen to the patient's complaints and determine the appropriate intervention strategy for the clinical condition during perioperative pain management.","['D006801', 'D019645', 'D010149', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D010147', 'D001499', 'D059408', 'D000369']"
38953269,[Progress in Surgical Treatment of Upper Urinary Tract Stones in Children].,"The incidence of urinary calculi in children has been increasing annually,and most of the cases are upper urinary tract stones.At present,surgery is the main way to treat upper urinary tract stones in children.With the gradual development of minimally invasive techniques in surgery,percutaneous nephrolithotomy,retrograde intrarenal surgery,and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy have become the main methods for treating upper urinary tract stones in children.We reviewed the current progress in surgical treatment of upper urinary tract stones in children and provided prospects for future treatment options.","['D006801', 'D002648', 'D000074642', 'D008096', 'D014545', 'D007669']"
38952290,New surgery technique combining robotics and laparoscopy using the Hugo™ RAS system.,"Hybrid total laparoscopic hysterectomy combines conventional laparoscopic surgery and robot-assisted devices: the camera and assistant forceps are operated by a robotic device, whereas the surgeon performs laparoscopic procedures, enabling surgery with a completely fixed field of view and significantly reducing errors in forceps grasping and needle misalignment. Here, we examined whether using two arms of the Hugo™ robot-assisted surgery system, one for the camera and one for the assistant, would improve surgical accuracy compared with conventional total laparoscopic hysterectomy.","['D006801', 'D010535', 'D065287', 'D005260', 'D007044', 'D061646', 'D004867', 'D008875']"
38954103,Attention module incorporated transfer learning empowered deep learning-based models for classification of phenotypically similar tropical cattle breeds (Bos indicus).,"Accurate breed identification in dairy cattle is essential for optimizing herd management and improving genetic standards. A smart method for correctly identifying phenotypically similar breeds can empower farmers to enhance herd productivity. A convolutional neural network (CNN) based model was developed for the identification of Sahiwal and Red Sindhi cows. To increase the classification accuracy, first, cows's pixels were segmented from the background using CNN model. Using this segmented image, a masked image was produced by retaining cows' pixels from the original image while eliminating the background. To improve the classification accuracy, models were trained on four different images of each cow: front view, side view, grayscale front view, and grayscale side view. The masked images of these views were fed to the multi-input CNN model which predicts the class of input images. The segmentation model achieved intersection-over-union (IoU) and F1-score values of 81.75% and 85.26%, respectively with an inference time of 296 ms. For the classification task, multiple variants of MobileNet and EfficientNet models were used as the backbone along with pre-trained weights. The MobileNet model achieved 80.0% accuracy for both breeds, while MobileNetV2 and MobileNetV3 reached 82.0% accuracy. CNN models with EfficientNet as backbones outperformed MobileNet models, with accuracy ranging from 84.0% to 86.0%. The F1-scores for these models were found to be above 83.0%, indicating effective breed classification with fewer false positives and negatives. Thus, the present study demonstrates that deep learning models can be used effectively to identify phenotypically similar-looking cattle breeds. To accurately identify zebu breeds, this study will reduce the dependence of farmers on experts.","['D000818', 'D002417', 'D000077321', 'D010641', 'D001947', 'D016571', 'D005260', 'D003612']"
38953996,Engineered polyethylene terephthalate hydrolases: perspectives and limits.,"Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a major component of plastic waste. Enzymatic PET hydrolysis is the most ecofriendly recycling technology. The biorecycling of PET waste requires the complete depolymerization of PET to terephthalate and ethylene glycol. The history of enzymatic PET depolymerization has revealed two critical issues for the industrial depolymerization of PET: industrially available PET hydrolases and pretreatment of PET waste to make it susceptible to full enzymatic hydrolysis. As none of the wild-type enzymes can satisfy the requirements for industrialization, various mutational improvements have been performed, through classical technology to state-of-the-art computational/machine-learning technology. Recent engineering studies on PET hydrolases have brought a new insight that flexibility of the substrate-binding groove may improve the efficiency of PET hydrolysis while maintaining sufficient thermostability, although the previous studies focused only on enzymatic thermostability above the glass transition temperature of PET. Industrial biorecycling of PET waste is scheduled to be implemented, using micronized amorphous PET. Next stage must be the development of PET hydrolases that can efficiently degrade crystalline parts of PET and expansion of target PET materials, not only bottles but also textiles, packages, and microplastics. This review discusses the current status of PET hydrolases, their potential applications, and their profespectal goals. KEY POINTS: • PET hydrolases must be thermophilic, but their operation must be below 70 °C • Classical and state-of-the-art engineering approaches are useful for PET hydrolases • Enzyme activity on crystalline PET is most expected for future PET biorecycling.","['D011093', 'D006867', 'D006868', 'D015202', 'D001673', 'D059027']"
38953253,Multinational evaluation of genetic diversity indicators for the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.,"Under the recently adopted Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, 196 Parties committed to reporting the status of genetic diversity for all species. To facilitate reporting, three genetic diversity indicators were developed, two of which focus on processes contributing to genetic diversity conservation: maintaining genetically distinct populations and ensuring populations are large enough to maintain genetic diversity. The major advantage of these indicators is that they can be estimated with or without DNA-based data. However, demonstrating their feasibility requires addressing the methodological challenges of using data gathered from diverse sources, across diverse taxonomic groups, and for countries of varying socio-economic status and biodiversity levels. Here, we assess the genetic indicators for 919 taxa, representing 5271 populations across nine countries, including megadiverse countries and developing economies. Eighty-three percent of the taxa assessed had data available to calculate at least one indicator. Our results show that although the majority of species maintain most populations, 58% of species have populations too small to maintain genetic diversity. Moreover, genetic indicator values suggest that IUCN Red List status and other initiatives fail to assess genetic status, highlighting the critical importance of genetic indicators.","['D044822', 'D014644', 'D003247', 'D000818']"
38952986,Restoring South African subtropical succulent thicket using Portulacaria afra: root growth of cuttings differs depending on the harvest site during a drought.,"The restoration of succulent thicket (the semi-arid components of the Albany Subtropical Thicket biome endemic to South Africa) has largely focused on the reintroduction of Portulacaria afra L. Jacq-a leaf- and stem-succulent shrub-through the planting of unrooted cuttings directly into field sites. However, there has been inconsistent establishment and survival rates, with low rates potentially due to a range of factors (e.g., post-planting drought, frost or herbivory), including the poor condition of source material used. Here we test the effect of parent-plant and harvesting site on the root development of P. afra cuttings in a common garden experiment. Ten sites were selected along a ∼110 km transect, with cuttings harvested from five parent-plants per site. Leaf moisture content was determined for each parent-plant at the time of harvesting as a proxy for plant condition. Root development-percentage of rooted cuttings and mean root dry weight-was recorded for a subset of cuttings from each parent-plant after 35, 42, 48, 56, and 103 days after planting in a common garden setting. We found evidence for cutting root development (rooting percentage and root dry mass) to be strongly associated with harvesting site across all sampling days (p < 0.005 for all tests). These differences are likely a consequence of underlying physiological factors; this was supported by the significant but weak correlation (r 2 = 0.10-0.26) between the leaf moisture content of the parent-plant (at the time of harvesting) and dry root mass of the cuttings (at each of the sampling days). Our findings demonstrate that varying plant condition across sites can significantly influence root development during dry phases (i.e., intra- and inter-annual droughts) and that this may be a critical component that needs to be understood as part of any restoration programme. Further work is required to identify the environmental conditions that promote or impede root development in P. afra cuttings.","['D013019', 'D055864', 'D018517', 'D003247', 'D000073559', 'D018515']"
38952975,A review of predator exclusion fencing to create mainland islands in Hawai'i.,"Invasive species are the primary threat to island ecosystems globally and are responsible for approximately two-thirds of all island species extinctions in the past 400 years. Non-native mammals-primarily rats, cats, mongooses, goats, sheep, and pigs-have had devastating impacts on at-risk species and are major factors in population declines and extinctions in Hawai'i. With the development of fencing technology that can exclude all mammalian predators, the focus for some locations in Hawai'i shifted from predator control to local eradication.","['D000818', 'D006254', 'D062312', 'D058865', 'D011235', 'D003247', 'D017753', 'D001717']"
38952253,"Breeding practice of indigenous village chickens, and traits and breed preferences of smallholder farmers.","Indigenous village chickens, or (IVCs), significantly contribute to rural livelihoods. Although natural selection has a disproportionate impact on the genetic structure of IVCs, farmers have developed locally tailored breeding practices to get the most out of their flocks.","['D002645', 'D000818', 'D003430', 'D000067565', 'D000822', 'D001947', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D012424', 'D006801']"
38951838,Child and adolescent exposure to unhealthy food marketing across digital platforms in Canada.,"Children and adolescents are exposed to a high volume of unhealthy food marketing across digital media. No previous Canadian data has estimated child exposure to food marketing across digital media platforms. This study aimed to compare the frequency, healthfulness and power of food marketing viewed by children and adolescents across all digital platforms in Canada.","['D006801', 'D000293', 'D002648', 'D002170', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D003430', 'D040541', 'D019649', 'D000068997', 'D061108', 'D034201']"
38951550,A single-cell sequence analysis of mouse subcutaneous white adipose tissue reveals dynamic changes during weaning.,"Adipose tissue development begins in the fetal period, and continues to expand after birth. Dysregulation of adipose tissue during weaning may predispose individuals to lifelong metabolic disorders. However, the developmental remodeling of adipose tissue during weaning remains largely unexplored. Here we comprehensively compare the changes in mouse subcutaneous white adipose tissue from 7 days after birth to 7 days after weaning using single-cell RNA sequencing along with other molecular and histologic assays. We characterize the developmental trajectory of preadipocytes and indicate the commitment of preadipocytes with beige potential during weaning. Meanwhile, we find immune cells unique to weaning period, whose expression of extracellular matrix proteins implies potential regulation on preadipocyte. Finally, the strongest cell-cell interaction during weaning determined by the TGFβ ligand-receptor pairs is between preadipocytes and endotheliocytes. Our results provide a detailed and unbiased cellular landscape and offer insights into the potential regulation of adipose tissue remodeling during weaning.","['D000818', 'D014886', 'D051379', 'D059010', 'D052436', 'D050151', 'D008810', 'D017667', 'D008297', 'D005260']"
38949188,Scar outcomes for conservatively managed children post burn injury: A retrospective study.,"Hypertrophic scarring is a significant complication post burn injury, especially for delayed healing after 3 weeks. Burn injuries healing prior to 3 weeks also have the potential to develop hypertrophic scarring, even when prescribed prophylactic conservative scar interventions. A retrospective chart audit reviewed 326 burn patients treated at a paediatric tertiary hospital from 2014 to 2019 who sustained a partial thickness burn, healed >14 days and did not receive skin grafting. A scar was deemed hypertrophic if >1 mm in height. Early hypertrophic scar prevalence was defined as 3-6 months post burn, while persistent hypertrophic scarring was defined as 12-18 months post burn. Median days to wound closure was 18. The prevalence of early and persistent hypertrophic scarring was 56.1% and 16.3%, respectively. Seventeen (5.2%) children underwent medical interventions for scar modulation. Early signs of hypertrophic scarring were seen in just over half the patients presenting to burn therapy and despite scar intervention, persistent hypertrophic scarring was seen in 16.3%. At both time points, just over half of the children presenting healed between 14 and 21 days. Therefore, children healing prior to 21 days have potential to develop hypertrophic scarring.","['D006801', 'D012189', 'D002056', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002648', 'D002675', 'D017439', 'D014945', 'D007223', 'D000293', 'D000072700', 'D016896']"
38949025,White adipocytes in subcutaneous fat depots require KLF15 for maintenance in preclinical models.,"Healthy adipose tissue is essential for normal physiology. There are 2 broad types of adipose tissue depots: brown adipose tissue (BAT), which contains adipocytes poised to burn energy through thermogenesis, and white adipose tissue (WAT), which contains adipocytes that store lipids. However, within those types of adipose, adipocytes possess depot and cell-specific properties that have important implications. For example, the subcutaneous and visceral WAT confers divergent risk for metabolic disease. Further, within a depot, different adipocytes can have distinct properties; subcutaneous WAT can contain adipocytes with either white or brown-like (beige) adipocyte properties. However, the pathways that regulate and maintain this cell and depot-specificity are incompletely understood. Here, we found that the transcription factor KLF15 is required for maintaining white adipocyte properties selectively within the subcutaneous WAT. We revealed that deletion of Klf15 is sufficient to induce beige adipocyte properties and that KLF15's direct regulation of Adrb1 is a critical molecular mechanism for this process. We uncovered that this activity is cell autonomous but has systemic implications in mouse models and is conserved in primary human adipose cells. Our results elucidate a pathway for depot-specific maintenance of white adipocyte properties that could enable the development of therapies for obesity and associated diseases.","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D051741', 'D052438', 'D050151', 'D006801', 'D018345', 'D052436', 'D008297', 'D000069797']"
38946870,Fifty-five cases of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis combined with lymph node metastasis: A retrospective study.,"Lymph node metastasis is a specific type of metastasis in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (AE). Currently, there is a scarcity of describing the clinical characteristics and lymph node metastasis rules of patients with hepatic AE combined with lymph node metastasis and its mechanism and management are still controversial. Radical hepatectomy combined with regional lymph node dissection is a better treatment.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D004444', 'D008207', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D006498', 'D008197', 'D008198', 'D055815', 'D000368', 'D016896', 'D002681', 'D000293']"
38946587,Preventing loss of sirt1 lowers mitochondrial oxidative stress and preserves C2C12 myotube diameter in an in vitro model of cancer cachexia.,"Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome associated with advanced cancer that contributes to mortality. Cachexia is characterized by loss of body weight and muscle atrophy. Increased skeletal muscle mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a contributing factor to loss of muscle mass in cachectic patients. Mice inoculated with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells lose weight, muscle mass, and have lower muscle sirtuin-1 (sirt1) expression. Nicotinic acid (NA) is a precursor to nicotinamide dinucleotide (NAD+) which is exhausted in cachectic muscle and is a direct activator of sirt1. Mice lost body and muscle weight and exhibited reduced skeletal muscle sirt1 expression after inoculation with LLC cells. C2C12 myotubes treated with LLC-conditioned media (LCM) had lower myotube diameter. We treated C2C12 myotubes with LCM for 24 h with or without NA for 24 h. C2C12 myotubes treated with NA maintained myotube diameter, sirt1 expression, and had lower mitochondrial superoxide. We then used a sirt1-specific small molecule activator SRT1720 to increase sirt1 activity. C2C12 myotubes treated with SRT1720 maintained myotube diameter, prevented loss of sirt1 expression, and attenuated mitochondrial superoxide production. Our data provides evidence that NA may be beneficial in combating cancer cachexia by maintaining sirt1 expression and decreasing mitochondrial superoxide production.","['D000818', 'D002100', 'D056564', 'D018485', 'D051379', 'D018384', 'D008810', 'D018827', 'D008297', 'D006576', 'D008931', 'D002460', 'D009525', 'D008928', 'D017382']"
38946295,"Intrathoracic Lymph Node Microcalcifications are Associated With a High Prevalence of Malignancy and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Rearrangement: The ""Calce"" Study.","Microcalcifications are acknowledged as a malignancy risk factor in multiple cancers. However, the prevalence and association of intrathoracic lymph node (ILN) calcifications with malignancy remain unexplored.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000077548', 'D003430', 'D008875', 'D002114', 'D015995', 'D008175', 'D000368', 'D008198', 'D019160', 'D000328', 'D015321']"
38948297,[Effect of Intrauterine Perfusion of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor on Endometrium and Blood Flow Parameters in Patients With Thin Endometrium: A Prospective Controlled Clinical Trial].,"To investigate the effects of intrauterine perfusion with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on the endometrial thickness, volume, and blood flow parameters of patients with thin endometrium and their clinical outcomes.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D004717', 'D016179', 'D011446', 'D011247', 'D004624', 'D018873', 'D000328', 'D010477']"
38948296,[Mechanisms of the Effect of Maternal Age-Related Oocyte Aging on Fertility: Transcriptomic Sequencing Analysis of a Zebrafish Model].,"Female fertility gradually decreases with the increase in women's age. The underlying reasons include the decline in the quantity and quality of oocytes. Oocyte aging is an important manifestation of the decline in oocyte quality, including in vivo oocyte aging before ovulation and in vitro oocyte aging after ovulation. Currently, few studies have been done to examine oocyte aging, and the relevant molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Therefore, we used zebrafish as a model to investigate oocyte aging. Three different age ranges of female zebrafish were selected to mate with male zebrafish of the best breeding age. In this way, we studied the effects of maternal age-related oocyte aging on fertility and investigated the potential molecular mechanisms behind maternal age-related fertility decline.","['D000818', 'D015027', 'D009865', 'D005260', 'D005298', 'D008297', 'D059467', 'D008423', 'D000375', 'D023421']"
38948294,[Sperm Mosaic Variants and Their Influence on the Offspring].,"Genomic mosaicism arising from mosaic variants is a phenomenon that describes the presence of a cell or cell populations with different genome compositions from the germline cells of an individual. It comprises all types of genetic variants. A large proportion of childhood genetic disorders are defined as being de novo, meaning that the disease-causing mutations are only detected in the proband, not in any of the parents. Population studies show that 80% of the de novo mutations arise from the paternal haplotype, that is, from paternal sperm mosaicism. This review provides a summary of the types and detection strategies of sperm mosaicism. In addition, it provides discussions on how recent studies demonstrated that genomic mosaic mutations in parents, especially those in the paternal sperms, could be inherited by the offspring and cause childhood disorders. According to the previous findings of the author's research team, sperm mosaicism derived from early embryogenesis and primordial germ cell stages can explain 5% to 20% of the de novo mutations related to clinical phenotypes and can serve as an important predictor of both rare and complex disorders. Sperm mosaicism shows great potential for clinical genetic diagnosis and consultations. Based on the published literature, the author suggests that, large-scale screening for de novo sperm mosaic mutations and population-based genetic screening should be conducted in future studies, which will greatly enhance the risk assessment in the offspring and effectively improve the genetic health at the population level. Implementation of direct sperm detection for de novo mutations will significantly increase the efficiency of the stratification of patient cohorts and improve recurrence risk assessment for future births. Future research in the field should be focused on the impact of environmental and lifestyle factors on the health of the offspring through sperms and their modeling of mutation signatures. In addition, targeted in vitro modeling of sperm mutations will also be a promising direction.","['D006801', 'D009030', 'D008297', 'D013094', 'D009154', 'D005820', 'D002648']"
38948281,[Quercetin Alleviates H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress Damage to Human Endometrial Stromal Cells by Inhibiting the p38 MAPK/NOX4 Signaling Pathway].,"This study aims to systematically evaluate the protective role of quercetin (QCT), a naturally occurring flavonoid, against oxidative damage in human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Oxidative stress, such as that induced by H2O2, is known to contribute significantly to cellular damage and has been implicated in various reproductive health issues. The study is focused on investigating how QCT interacts with specific molecular pathways to mitigate this damage. Special attention was given to the p38 MAPK/NOX4 signaling pathway, which is crucial to the regulation of oxidative stress responses in cellular systems. By elucidating these mechanisms, the study seeks to confirm the potential of QCT not only as a protective agent against oxidative stress but also as a therapeutic agent that could be integrated in treatments of conditions characterized by heightened oxidative stress in endometrial cells.","['D006801', 'D006861', 'D018384', 'D005260', 'D000074663', 'D011794', 'D004717', 'D048051', 'D017154', 'D015398', 'D017382', 'D017209', 'D002478']"
38946746,[Disseminated tuberculosis revealed by epididymal localization in an immunocompetent patient: a case report].,"Epididymal tuberculosis is rare and often presents diagnostic difficulties. It may be indicative of a disseminated form of the infection, which is the case of our patient. A 19-year-old man, with no past medical history, was admitted for a swollen painful left scrotum that had been evolving for 8 months. He had undergone an orchiectomy and the anatomopathological examination was consistent with epididymal tuberculosis. The radiological investigations had revealed other localizations of the infection: lymphatic, pulmonary, parietal and osteoarticular tuberculosis. Anti-tuberculosis therapy was introduced. However, in the 4th month of treatment, the patient developed seizures. A cerebral magnetic resonance imaging was practiced, concluding to cerebral tuberculomas. Anti-tuberculosis treatment was continued associated to an anticonvulsant with a favourable outcome. The originality of our observation resides in the mode of revelation of a disseminated paucisymptomatic tuberculosis, by an epididymal localization, in an immunocompetent patient.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D055815', 'D000995', 'D008279', 'D004822', 'D014389', 'D007121', 'D009919', 'D012640', 'D000927', 'D016862']"
38944706,Endometrial Thickness as a Predictor of Endometrial Malignancy among the Women Presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding.,"Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is the most common and frequent presenting complaint in Gynaecology in all age group especially in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. The spectrum of AUB in women of our country includes a wide varieties of organic pathology. The objective of this study was to assess the role of endometrial thickness as a predictor of endometrial malignancy among the women presenting with AUB. This cross-sectional descriptive type of observational study was conducted among 122 women of perimenopausal (40-50 years) and 87 women of postmenopausal (>50 years) age group presenting with AUB in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh from February 2020 to August 2021. These patients were subjected to a detailed history and meticulous general, systemic and local examination. The relevant investigations like Transvaginal Sonography (TVS) followed by endometrial biopsy by dilatation and curettage were done in all study participants. Most of the women were in the age group 41-45 years in perimenopause and 51-55 years in postmenopause. Mean±SD was 45.8±4.1 years in perimenopause and 56.3±6.4 years in postmenopause. There was statistical significance in developing endometrial malignancy regarding risk factors of nulliparity, Hypertention (HTN), Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hormone intake between perimenopause and postmenopause. Endometrial thickness was measured in perimenopause and postmenopause. Mean±SD of Endometrial thickness (ET) in perimenopause and postmenopause was 11.3±4.4mm and 7.2±6.3mm with statistical significance (p<0.001). Sensitivity, specificity, Positive predictive value (PPV), Negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of TVS were 85.5%, 67.4%, 81.2%, 73.8% and 78.7% in perimenopause and 85.9%, 20%, 89%, 75% & 83.9% in postmenopause. Cut off limit of ET in detection of endometrial malignancy was 18.5mm with sensitivity 74.8% and specificity 63.6% in perimenopause and 12.2mm with sensitivity 81.0% and specificity 65.8% in postmenopausal women. Women with AUB, endometrial malignancy should be suspected when endometrial thickness on TVS >18.5mm and >12.2mm in perimenopause and postmenopausal age group respectively. TVS has high sensitivity in detection of endometrial malignancy both in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with AUB and TVS is a reliable, noninvasive method.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D016889', 'D003430', 'D004717', 'D014592', 'D000328', 'D014463', 'D012307', 'D011237', 'D001459', 'D047648', 'D017698']"
38944480,Novel Approaches to Patients with Differences of Sex Development.,"Patients with differences of sex development (DSDs) have complex anatomy and surgical needs related to both Mullerian and non-Mullerian structures. Approaches to vaginal reconstruction for these conditions are guided by individual anatomy, with the goal of establishing unobstructed outflow for the reproductive, urinary, and gastrointestinal tracts. Patients may have anatomy requiring vaginoplasty for either outflow tract obstruction or chosen sexual function. In this article, the authors focus on management of differences in vaginal anatomy with delayed vaginoplasty for the newborn with DSD.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D012734', 'D014621', 'D007231', 'D019651', 'D008297']"
38944439,MR Imaging of the Fetal Genitourinary Tract.,"Fetal MR imaging overcomes many of the technical barriers of ultrasound and is an important diagnostic tool for fetal genitourinary (GU) anomalies. It is suited for evaluation of GU anomalies because of the fluid-sensitive sequences and superior soft tissue contrast. Often GU malformations are part of a multisystem genetic or congenital condition, and imaging the entire fetus with MR adds additional clarity about the extent of disease. It adds confidence to diagnoses of renal agenesis, urinary tract dilation, cystic disease, and tumors. It is particularly useful to delineate anatomy in complex GU malformations. This additional information guides counseling.","['D006801', 'D008279', 'D014564', 'D011296', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D014566']"
38943217,Right perirenal urinoma and urinothorax in an infant after neonatal ablation of posterior urethral valve: A rare complication diagnosed by pleural aspiration and treated with perinephric drainage: a case report.,"Urinothorax and urinoma are rare complications of obstructive uropathy. They might occur due to persistent high back pressure on the renal parenchyma. Urinothorax usually arises while the obstruction exists; in contrast to our case, the child presented after being operated on. He had falsely high creatinine before the operation, which was later explained by creatinine recirculation.","['D006801', 'D053584', 'D008297', 'D007223', 'D004322', 'D010996', 'D003404', 'D014521', 'D016896', 'D014524']"
38943177,Evaluating the effectiveness of early urethral catheter removal combined with intermittent catheterization for promoting early recovery of bladder function after laparoscopic radical hysterectomy: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.,"Bladder dysfunction, notably urinary retention, emerges as a significant complication for cervical cancer patients following radical hysterectomy, predominantly due to nerve damage, severely impacting their postoperative quality of life. The challenges to recovery include insufficient pelvic floor muscle training and the negative effects of prolonged postoperative indwelling urinary catheters. Intermittent catheterization represents the gold standard for neurogenic bladder management, facilitating bladder training, which is an important behavioral therapy aiming to enhance bladder function through the training of the external urethral sphincter and promoting the recovery of the micturition reflex. Nevertheless, gaps remain in current research regarding optimal timing for intermittent catheterization and the evaluation of subjective symptoms of bladder dysfunction.","['D006801', 'D007044', 'D005260', 'D001743', 'D010535', 'D020127', 'D002583', 'D016032', 'D062885', 'D057928', 'D013997', 'D020878', 'D016896', 'D011788', 'D014563', 'D008875', 'D016055', 'D000328', 'D014546', 'D002408']"
38943112,Decision regret after prostate biopsy for prostate cancer diagnosis: a Korean multicenter cohort study.,"Many people struggle with the choice in a series of processes, from prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis to treatment. We investigated the degree of regret after the prostate biopsy (PBx) and relevant factors in patients recommended for biopsy for suspected PCa.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D011471', 'D000368', 'D056910', 'D008875', 'D004644', 'D001706', 'D011795', 'D003657', 'D015331', 'D011467']"
38942916,Monarch butterfly conservation through male germplasm cryopreservation.,"Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus L.) populations have declined in North America. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) recently classified the species as endangered, sparking public concern and conservation efforts. Our approach to conservation is through cryopreservation of germinal cells and tissue. The goal of this study was to develop a cryopreservation protocol for monarch spermatozoa to ensure successful long-term storage. Cryopreserved sperm cells would provide a reserve of monarch germplasm, which could be utilized in the event of population loss. In this study, sperm cell bundles collected from male monarch butterflies were cryopreserved in a cryoprotective medium and stored in liquid nitrogen. To determine the post-cryopreservation sperm cell viability, a subsample of preserved sperm bundles were thawed rapidly, and their viability was qualified using a sperm live/dead stain. We are presenting a protocol to preserve and store genetic material and viable sperm bundles of the monarch butterfly. To date, this is the first report of successful cryopreservation of monarch germplasm which sets the foundation for cryostorage and could be extensible to other vulnerable lepidopterans.","['D002080', 'D015925', 'D000818', 'D008297', 'D013094', 'D003247', 'D056727', 'D002470', 'D003451']"
38942787,Increase in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. colonization among pregnant individuals during COVID-19 pandemic.,"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) has been associated with neonatal infections, with colonization of the anovaginal tract being the main source of vertical transmission. The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the frequency of antibiotic usage, potentially contributing to changes in the dynamics of bacterial agents colonizing humans. Here we determined MRS colonization rates among pregnant individuals attending a single maternity in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil before (January 2019-March 2020) and during (May 2020-March 2021) the COVID-19 pandemic. Anovaginal samples (n = 806 [521 samples before and 285 during the pandemic]) were streaked onto chromogenic media. Colonies were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Detection of mecA gene and SCCmec typing were assessed by PCR and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done according to CLSI guidelines. After the onset of the pandemic, MRS colonization rates increased significantly (p < 0.05) from 8.6% (45) to 54.7% (156). Overall, 215 (26.6%) MRS isolates were detected, of which S. haemolyticus was the most prevalent species (MRSH, 84.2%; 181 isolates). SCCmec type V was the most frequent among MRS (63.3%; 136), and 31.6% (68) of MRS strains had a non-typeable SCCmec, due to new combinations of ccr and mecA complexes. Among MRS strains, 41.9% (90) were resistant to at least 3 different classes of antimicrobial agents, and 60% (54) of them were S. haemolyticus harboring SCCmec V. MRS colonization rates and the emergence of multidrug-resistant variants detected in this study indicate the need for continuing surveillance of this important pathogen within maternal and child populations.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D000086382', 'D013203', 'D055624', 'D000328', 'D001938', 'D011251', 'D000900', 'D000086402', 'D008826', 'D058873', 'D014621']"
38941193,Zearalenone modulates the function of goat endometrial cells via the mitochondrial quality control system.,"Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin known for its estrogen-like effects, which can disrupt the normal physiological function of endometrial cells and potentially lead to abortion in female animals. However, the precise mechanism by which ZEN regulates endometrial function remains unclear. In this study, we found that the binding receptor estrogen receptors for ZEN is extensively expressed across various segments of the uterus and within endometrial cells, and a certain concentration of ZEN treatment reduced the proliferation capacity of goat endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) and endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). Meanwhile, cell cycle analysis revealed that ZEN treatment leaded to cell cycle arrest in goat EECs and ESCs. To explore the underlying mechanism, we investigated the mitochondrial quality control systems and observed that ZEN triggered excessive mitochondrial fission and disturbed the balance of mitochondrial fusion-fission dynamics, impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, increased mitochondrial unfolded protein response and mitophagy in goat EECs and ESCs. Additionally, ZEN treatment reduced the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, heightened the production of hydrogen peroxide and reactive oxygen species, and caused cellular oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. These results suggest that ZEN has adverse effects on goat endometrium cells by disrupting the mitochondrial quality control system and affecting cell cycle and proliferation. Understanding the underlying molecular pathways involved in ZEN-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and its consequences on cell function will provide critical insights into the reproductive toxicity of ZEN and contribute to safeguarding the health and wellbeing of animals and humans exposed to this mycotoxin.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D004717', 'D015025', 'D006041', 'D008928', 'D049109', 'D017382', 'D018384', 'D004847', 'D002478', 'D063154', 'D063306', 'D017154']"
38940203,Proteomic profiling of renal tissue of normo- and hypertensive rats with the renalase peptide RP220 as an affinity ligand.,"Renalase (RNLS) is a recently discovered protein that plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure by acting inside and outside cells. Intracellular RNLS is a FAD-dependent oxidoreductase that oxidizes isomeric forms of β-NAD(P)H. Extracellular renalase lacking its N-terminal peptide and cofactor FAD exerts various protective effects via non-catalytic mechanisms. Certain experimental evidence exists in the literature that the RP220 peptide (a 20-mer peptide corresponding to the amino acid sequence RNLS 220-239) reproduces a number of non-catalytic effects of this protein, acting on receptor proteins of the plasma membrane. The possibility of interaction of this peptide with intracellular proteins has not been studied. Taking into consideration the known role of RNLS as a possible antihypertensive factor, the aim of this study was to perform proteomic profiling of the kidneys of normotensive and hypertensive rats using RP220 as an affinity ligand. Proteomic (semi-quantitative) identification revealed changes in the relative content of about 200 individual proteins in the kidneys of hypertensive rats bound to the affinity sorbent as compared to the kidneys of normotensive animals. Increased binding of SHR renal proteins to RP220 over the normotensive control was found for proteins involved in the development of cardiovascular pathology. Decreased binding of the kidney proteins from hypertensive animals to RP220 was noted for components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, ribosomes, and cytoskeleton.","['D000818', 'D051381', 'D007668', 'D006973', 'D011918', 'D040901', 'D008995', 'D008297', 'D008024', 'D010455', 'D020543']"
38940100,Multidrug resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from the urinary bladder of dogs and cats with suspected urinary tract infections.,"Escherichia coli is one of the most common bacteria isolated from urine samples collected from dogs and cats with urinary tract infection (UTI). Uncomplicated UTIs in dogs and cats can be treated with short courses of first-line antimicrobial drugs, e.g. amoxicillin, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, or trimethoprim/sulfonamide. Recurrent or complicated UTIs often require long-term treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics. However, the choice of drug should be based on antimicrobial susceptibility.","['D004285', 'D002415', 'D000818', 'D014552', 'D002371', 'D004926', 'D004283', 'D000900', 'D008826', 'D024901', 'D004927', 'D001743', 'D005260', 'D008297']"
38939942,[Research progress on regulatory mechanism of renal copper homeostasis].,"Copper is a vital trace metal element necessary for the functioning of living organisms. It serves as a co-factor or structural component in numerous enzymes, participating in crucial biological metabolic processes. Disruptions in copper homeostasis, whether inherited or acquired, such as copper overload, deficiency, or uneven distribution, can contribute to or exacerbate various diseases, including Menkes disease, Wilson's disease, neurodegenerative disorders, anemia, cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases and cancer. Recent research has highlighted the close correlation between chronic kidney disease and intracellular copper overload. Therefore, renal cells must establish a well-organized and efficient copper regulation network to maintain intracellular copper homeostasis. This review summarizes the processes of copper uptake, intracellular trafficking, storage, and excretion in renal cells, and elucidates the underlying mechanisms involved, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and potential therapeutic targets for the fundamental investigation and clinical management of kidney-related diseases.","['D006706', 'D006801', 'D003300', 'D007668', 'D000818', 'D027682', 'D007674', 'D000251', 'D000073840', 'D000079923']"
38939938,[Progress on the involvement of HDAC11 in the regulation of mammalian oocyte maturation and early embryonic development].,"Oocyte maturation and early embryonic development are key steps in the reproductive physiology of female mammals, and any error in this process can adversely affect reproductive development. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic modifications of histones play important roles in the regulation of oocyte meiosis and quality assurance of early embryonic development. Histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11) is the smallest known member of the histone deacetylases (HDACs) family, and inhibition of HDAC11 activity significantly suppresses the rate of oocyte maturation, as well as the development of 8-cell and blastocyst embryos at the embryonic stage. This paper focuses on recent progress on the important role of HDAC11 in the regulation of mammalian oocyte maturation and early embryonic development, hoping to gain insights into the key roles played by epitope-modifying proteins represented by HDAC11 in the regulation of mammalian reproduction and their molecular mechanisms.","['D000818', 'D009865', 'D047108', 'D006655', 'D005260', 'D006801', 'D009866', 'D008322', 'D008540']"
38938440,Bovine oocyte activation with bull or human sperm by conventional ICSI and Piezo-ICSI: Its relationship with PLCɀ activity.,The intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) technique has low efficiency in cattle. This has mainly been attributed to the oocyte activation failure due to oocyte and/or sperm factors.,"['D002417', 'D020554', 'D008297', 'D000818', 'D006801', 'D009865', 'D013094', 'D005260', 'D054801']"
38938191,An extra honey polyphenols-rich diet ameliorates the high-fat diet induced chronic kidney disease via modulating gut microbiota in C57BL/6 mice.,"Honey is not equivalent to sugar and possess a worldwide health promoting effects such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities. Nevertheless, the potential impacts of honey on high-fat diet induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and gut microbiota remain to be explored. Herein a high-fat diet was used to induce a mouse CKD model, and analysis was conducted on liver, kidney, spleen indices, tissue morphology, biochemical parameters, CKD related genes, and gut microbial diversity. The results indicated that significant inhibitory effects on renal damage caused by a high-fat diet in mice and improvement in disease symptoms were observed upon honey treatment. Significant changes were also found in serum TC, TG, UA, and BUN as well as the inflammation-related protein TNF-α and IL-6 levels in renal tissues. Gene expression analysis revealed that honey intake closely relates to gut microbiota diversity, which can regulate the composition of gut microbiota, increase microbial diversity, especially Bifidobacteriales and S24_7 and promote the synthesis of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In summary, this study suggests that honey has both preventive and therapeutic effects on CKD, which may be associated with its ability to improve microbial composition, increase microbial diversity, and regulate SCFAs levels.","['D000818', 'D000069196', 'D006722', 'D051436', 'D051379', 'D059305', 'D008810', 'D008297', 'D059808', 'D004195', 'D007668', 'D005232']"
38938187,Noninvasive diagnosis of interstitial fibrosis in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Researchers have delved into noninvasive diagnostic methods of renal fibrosis (RF) in chronic kidney disease, including ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and radiomics. However, the value of these diagnostic methods in the noninvasive diagnosis of RF remains contentious. Consequently, the present study aimed to systematically delineate the accuracy of the noninvasive diagnosis of RF.","['D006801', 'D051436', 'D005355', 'D008279', 'D014463', 'D012680', 'D007668']"
38937743,Comparison of outcome of TIP urethroplasty with or without Buck's Fascia repair.,"TIP is the most common preformed type of Urethroplasty. The intermediate barrier is used as a waterproofing layer to prevent fistula formation. Many tissues have been utilized as a barrier layer, with varying success rates. The search for a better intermediate layer will continue. In this study, we aim to evaluate the role of Buck's Fascia as a covering for the neo-urethra to prevent fistula formation in patients who underwent Snodgrass Urethroplasty.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D013521', 'D011446', 'D007021', 'D014521', 'D007223', 'D016896', 'D002675', 'D005205', 'D013524', 'D011183']"
38937701,Expression and significance of Fractalkine/CX3CL1 in MPO-AAV-associated glomerulonephritis rats.,"To investigate the expression and significance of Fractalkine (CX3CL1, FKN) in serum and renal tissue of myeloperoxidase and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis (MPO-AAV) rats.","['D000818', 'D054428', 'D005921', 'D051381', 'D009195', 'D011921', 'D008297', 'D056648', 'D007668', 'D019268', 'D051996']"
38937563,Implications of unconventional histological subtypes on magnetic resonance imaging and oncological outcomes in patients who have undergone radical prostatectomy.,"The prognostic significance of unconventional histology (UH) subtypes including intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P), ductal adenocarcinoma, and cribriform pattern has been investigated for prostate cancer (PCa). However, little is known about magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features and the oncological impact of tumor localization in localized PCa with UH. Clinical data of 211 patients with acinar adenocarcinoma (conventional histology [CH]) and 82 patients with UH who underwent robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) were reviewed. Patients with UH are more likely to be older and have higher Gleason grade group, higher Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) v2.1 score, and larger tumor volume (TV) than those with CH. Multivariate analysis identified the presence of UH as an independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival (PFS) (hazard ration (HR) 2.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.22-0.79, P = 0.0073). No significant difference in PFS was seen regarding tumor localization (transition zone [TZ] or peripheral zone [PZ]) in patients with UH (P = 0.8949), whereas PZ cancer showed shorter PFS in patients with CH (P = 0.0174). PCa with UH was associated with higher progression than PCa with CH among resection margin (RM)-negative cases (P < 0.0001). Further, increased PI-RADS v2.1 score did not correlate with larger TV in UH (P = 0.991), whereas a significant difference in TV was observed in CH (P < 0.0001). The prognostic significance of UH tumor was independent of tumor localization, and shorter PFS was observed even in RM-negative cases, indicating an aggressive subtype with micro-metastatic potential. Furthermore, UH tumors are more likely to harbor a large TV despite PI-RADS v2.1 score ≤ 3. These findings will help optimal perioperative management for PCa with UH.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D011468', 'D011471', 'D008279', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D060787', 'D011379', 'D012189', 'D011467', 'D065287']"
38937512,Podocyte OTUD5 alleviates diabetic kidney disease through deubiquitinating TAK1 and reducing podocyte inflammation and injury.,"Recent studies have shown the crucial role of podocyte injury in the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Deubiquitinating modification of proteins is widely involved in the occurrence and development of diseases. Here, we explore the role and regulating mechanism of a deubiquitinating enzyme, OTUD5, in podocyte injury and DKD. RNA-seq analysis indicates a significantly decreased expression of OTUD5 in HG/PA-stimulated podocytes. Podocyte-specific Otud5 knockout exacerbates podocyte injury and DKD in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice. Furthermore, AVV9-mediated OTUD5 overexpression in podocytes shows a therapeutic effect against DKD. Mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation experiments reveal an inflammation-regulating protein, TAK1, as the substrate of OTUD5 in podocytes. Mechanistically, OTUD5 deubiquitinates K63-linked TAK1 at the K158 site through its active site C224, which subsequently prevents the phosphorylation of TAK1 and reduces downstream inflammatory responses in podocytes. Our findings show an OTUD5-TAK1 axis in podocyte inflammation and injury and highlight the potential of OTUD5 as a promising therapeutic target for DKD.","['D050199', 'D000818', 'D020930', 'D003928', 'D051379', 'D007249', 'D054875', 'D006801', 'D018345', 'D008297', 'D008810', 'D010766', 'D003921', 'D064570', 'D057809', 'D000072017']"
38937317,Single-cell transcriptomic profiling reveals decreased ER protein Reticulon3 drives the progression of renal fibrosis.,"Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a significant global health dilemma, emerging from complex causes. Although our prior research has indicated that a deficiency in Reticulon-3 (RTN3) accelerates renal disease progression, a thorough examination of RTN3 on kidney function and pathology remains underexplored. To address this critical need, we generated Rtn3-null mice to study the consequences of RTN3 protein deficiency on CKD. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses were performed on 47,885 cells from the renal cortex of both healthy and Rtn3-null mice, enabling us to compare spatial architectures and expression profiles across 14 distinct cell types. Our analysis revealed that RTN3 deficiency leads to significant alterations in the spatial organization and gene expression profiles of renal cells, reflecting CKD pathology. Specifically, RTN3 deficiency was associated with Lars2 overexpression, which in turn caused mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species levels. This shift induced a transition in renal epithelial cells from a functional state to a fibrogenic state, thus promoting renal fibrosis. Additionally, RTN3 deficiency was found to drive the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition process and disrupt cell-cell communication, further exacerbating renal fibrosis. Immunohistochemistry and Western-Blot techniques were used to validate these observations, reinforcing the critical role of RTN3 in CKD pathogenesis. The deficiency of RTN3 protein in CKD leads to profound changes in cellular architecture and molecular profiles. Our work seeks to elevate the understanding of RTN3's role in CKD's narrative and position it as a promising therapeutic contender.","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D005355', 'D018450', 'D059010', 'D020869', 'D051436', 'D018345', 'D009419', 'D008565', 'D007668', 'D059467', 'D017382', 'D058750', 'D004195', 'D008928']"
38937265,Return of voiding function after greenlight photovaporisation of the prostate for a patient with giant bladder.,"Giant bladder is a rare condition with varied definitions and causes. It can lead to complications such as urinary tract infections, retrograde urine reflux, pyelonephritis, renal damage and occasionally vascular obstruction. In this case report, we present a man in his 70s with massive urinary retention >7 L and severe bilateral hydronephrosis. The patient underwent a successful Greenlight photovaporisation of the prostate to address underlying bladder outlet obstruction. The surgical procedure resulted in significant improvement in urinary function, enabling the patient to live catheter and infection free, and without renal damage. This case demonstrates that bladder outlet surgery can be useful in selected cases of giant bladder to avoid complications of chronic catheterisation or ongoing retention.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D001748', 'D016055', 'D000368', 'D001743', 'D006869', 'D014554', 'D020127', 'D011468', 'D016896']"
38936934,Follow-up After Donor Nephrectomy in Living Kidney Donors: How to Manage Living Kidney Donors Postoperatively.,"This study investigated the follow-up rate of living kidney donors and explored the factors related to continuous follow-up and remnant renal function, enabling the optimal management of living kidney donors.","['D006801', 'D019520', 'D009392', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D016030', 'D000328', 'D005919', 'D005500', 'D012307', 'D007668', 'D012189', 'D006085', 'D011184', 'D007677', 'D000368']"
38935827,Multimodal learning system integrating electronic medical records and hysteroscopic images for reproductive outcome prediction and risk stratification of endometrial injury: a multicenter diagnostic study.,To develop a multimodal learning application system that integrates electronic medical records (EMR) and hysteroscopic images for reproductive outcome prediction and risk stratification of patients with intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) resulting from endometrial injuries.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D015907', 'D000328', 'D057286', 'D018570', 'D004717', 'D000267', 'D011247', 'D014591', 'D027724']"
38935687,Endometrial congestion is the only hysteroscopic finding indicative of chronic endometritis.,"Chronic endometritis (CE), an inflammatory condition characterized by plasma cell infiltration within the endometrial stroma, is prevalent among women experiencing unexplained infertility or recurrent miscarriages. CE is traditionally diagnosed by endometrial biopsy using CD138 immunohistochemistry staining. Despite some studies suggesting hysteroscopy as an alternative diagnostic tool, its reliability compared with biopsy remains controversial. This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of hysteroscopy for CE by examining endometrial features, such as congestion, micropolyps, edema, and polyps, and comparing these with biopsy-confirmed cases of CE. This retrospective observational study was conducted at Toho University Omori Medical Center between June 2017 and November 2019 and included patients undergoing both hysteroscopy and histopathological examination. Endometrial congestion was identified as the only hysteroscopic finding significantly associated with CE, showing a moderate diagnostic agreement with biopsy results. These findings highlight the importance of further investigating hysteroscopic features of CE and their diagnostic implications and identify endometrial congestion as a potential predictive marker for CE.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D004716', 'D015907', 'D000328', 'D004717', 'D012189', 'D002908', 'D001706', 'D008875']"
38935680,Prediction of final pathology depending on preoperative myometrial invasion and grade assessment in low-risk endometrial cancer patients: A Korean Gynecologic Oncology Group ancillary study.,"Fertility-sparing treatment (FST) might be considered an option for reproductive patients with low-risk endometrial cancer (EC). On the other hand, the matching rates between preoperative assessment and postoperative pathology in low-risk EC patients are not high enough. We aimed to predict the postoperative pathology depending on preoperative myometrial invasion (MI) and grade in low-risk EC patients to help extend the current criteria for FST.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D016889', 'D009215', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D056910', 'D009361', 'D060787', 'D011446', 'D000368', 'D057234', 'D008279', 'D018269']"
38934529,Differences in bladder neck angles between female patients with overactive bladders and healthy peers.,The aim of this study was to compare the differences between angles of bladder neck in girls with overactive bladder and those in healthy ones using transabdominal ultrasonography.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D053201', 'D001743', 'D014463', 'D002648', 'D000293', 'D014521', 'D016022']"
38934527,Negative biopsy histology in men with PI-RADS score 5: is it useful PSMA PET/CT evaluation?,To evaluate the accuracy of PSMA PET/CT in men with mpMRI PI-RADS score 5 negative biopsy histology.,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000072078', 'D011471', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D001706', 'D017430', 'D011467', 'D012189', 'D000081364']"
38934526,Management of an elderly patient with retention of a steel nail in the scrotum: a case report.,"The retention of foreign bodies inside the body during ludic/sexual procedures or for traumatism represents one of the causes of visits to accident and emergency departments that often requires surgical removal of the foreign body. However, there are cases where the discovery of such foreign bodies takes place after many years, as in patients that are slightly compromised from a neuro-sociological point of view.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D005547', 'D012611', 'D013193', 'D009262', 'D014057']"
38932679,Structural characterization of sphingomyelins from tissue using electron-induced dissociation.,"Sphingomyelins (SMs) and resulting metabolic products serve important functional and cell signaling roles and can act as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in many pathological disorders. SMs each contain a sphingoid base, an amide-linked fatty acyl chain, and a phosphocholine headgroup. Despite these simple building blocks, variations and modifications of both the sphingoid base and the fatty acyl chain result in a diverse array of structurally complicated SM compounds. Conventional tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using the collision-induced dissociation (CID) method only provides limited structural information, necessitating other tools to unravel the structural complexity of these lipids.","['D013109', 'D053719', 'D000818', 'D007668', 'D004583']"
38931494,Preliminary Experience with Three Alternative Motion Sensors for 0.55 Tesla MR Imaging.,"Due to limitations in current motion tracking technologies and increasing interest in alternative sensors for motion tracking both inside and outside the MRI system, in this study we share our preliminary experience with three alternative sensors utilizing diverse technologies and interactions with tissue to monitor motion of the body surface, respiratory-related motion of major organs, and non-respiratory motion of deep-seated organs. These consist of (1) a Pilot-Tone RF transmitter combined with deep learning algorithms for tracking liver motion, (2) a single-channel ultrasound transducer with deep learning for monitoring bladder motion, and (3) a 3D Time-of-Flight camera for observing the motion of the anterior torso surface. Additionally, we demonstrate the capability of these sensors to simultaneously capture motion data outside the MRI environment, which is particularly relevant for procedures like radiation therapy, where motion status could be related to previously characterized cyclical anatomical data. Our findings indicate that the ultrasound sensor can track motion in deep-seated organs (bladder) as well as respiratory-related motion. The Time-of-Flight camera offers ease of interpretation and performs well in detecting surface motion (respiration). The Pilot-Tone demonstrates efficacy in tracking bulk respiratory motion and motion of major organs (liver). Simultaneous use of all three sensors could provide complementary motion information outside the MRI bore, providing potential value for motion tracking during position-sensitive treatments such as radiation therapy.","['D006801', 'D008279', 'D012119', 'D008099', 'D009068', 'D001743', 'D000465', 'D000077321', 'D009038', 'D014463']"
38931308,The Oxidative Stress Markers' Protective Influence of Sea Buckthorn and Grape Extracts in Atorvastatin-Treated Hyperlipidemic Rats.,"Free radicals and reactive oxygen species initiate when the oxidative stress arises. (1) Background: The effect of natural molecules on oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic rats, taking statins, was observed. (2) Methods: One hundred and twelve white Wistar rats, males and females, were divided into seven: Group I received 20 mg of atorvastatin while groups II and III received a combination of 20 mg of atorvastatin and 100 mg of Sea buckthorn and grape extract. Groups IV and V received 100 mg of Sea buckthorn and grape extract, while groups VI and VII received only high-fat diet (HFD) and normal rodents' fodder. After two and six months, rats were euthanized, and blood was gathered to measure the main paraclinical values and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Also, the liver and kidney were stored for the organs' cytoarchitecture. For statistics, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), was performed. (3) Results: HFD produced hyperlipidemia, accompanied by augmented serum and hepatic oxidative stress markers, in addition to a reduction in antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione levels. Polyphenolic substances proven efficient against HFD caused oxidative stress. (4) Conclusions: Atorvastatin heightened the histological injuries caused by the fatty diet, but these were diminished by taking atorvastatin in combination with 100 mg/kg of plant extracts.","['D000818', 'D000069059', 'D018384', 'D017208', 'D006949', 'D008297', 'D031281', 'D027843', 'D010936', 'D005260', 'D000975', 'D059305', 'D008099', 'D051381', 'D015415', 'D007668']"
38930946,"Efficacy of Trametinib in Alleviating Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: Inhibition of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Tubular Cell Death in a Mouse Model.","Cisplatin, a platinum-based chemotherapeutic, is effective against various solid tumors, but its use is often limited by its nephrotoxic effects. This study evaluated the protective effects of trametinib, an FDA-approved selective inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2), against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in mice. The experimental design included four groups, control, trametinib, cisplatin, and a combination of cisplatin and trametinib, each consisting of eight mice. Cisplatin was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 20 mg/kg to induce kidney injury, while trametinib was administered via oral gavage at 3 mg/kg daily for three days. Assessments were conducted 72 h after cisplatin administration. Our results demonstrate that trametinib significantly reduces the phosphorylation of MEK1/2 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), mitigated renal dysfunction, and ameliorated histopathological abnormalities. Additionally, trametinib significantly decreased macrophage infiltration and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the kidneys. It also lowered lipid peroxidation by-products, restored the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio, and downregulated NADPH oxidase 4. Furthermore, trametinib significantly inhibited both apoptosis and necroptosis in the kidneys. In conclusion, our data underscore the potential of trametinib as a therapeutic agent for cisplatin-induced AKI, highlighting its role in reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and tubular cell death.","['D000818', 'D002945', 'D058186', 'D011728', 'D018384', 'D051379', 'D011744', 'D004195', 'D007249', 'D008297', 'D016923', 'D017209', 'D007684', 'D015227', 'D016207', 'D020935']"
38929625,Oxidative Stress-Associated Male Infertility: Current Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches.,"Infertility is a prevalent global issue affecting approximately 17.5% of adults, with sole male factor contributing to 20-30% of cases. Oxidative stress (OS) is a critical factor in male infertility, disrupting the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants. This imbalance detrimentally affects sperm function and viability, ultimately impairing fertility. OS also triggers molecular changes in sperm, including DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and alterations in protein expression, further compromising sperm functionality and potential fertilization. Diagnostic tools discussed in this review offer insights into OS markers, antioxidant levels, and intracellular ROS concentrations. By accurately assessing these parameters, clinicians can diagnose male infertility more effectively and thus tailor treatment plans to individual patients. Additionally, this review explores various treatment options for males with OS-associated infertility, such as empirical drugs, antioxidants, nanoantioxidants, and lifestyle modifications. By addressing the root causes of male infertility and implementing targeted interventions, clinicians can optimize treatment outcomes and enhance the chances of conception for couples struggling with infertility.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D018384', 'D007248', 'D000975', 'D017382', 'D013094']"
38929592,Temporary Ureter Occlusion with Simultaneous Urinary Diversion via a Single-Access Route Using a 4-French Balloon Catheter and a Pigtail Nephrostomy Drainage Catheter.,"Background and Objectives: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of temporary ureteral occlusion combined with urinary diversion using a single-access route created by inserting a balloon catheter through a pigtail nephrostomy drainage catheter. With this approach, we aimed to offer an alternative for patients with ureteral leaks who are suboptimal surgical candidates. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included nine patients (eight of which were bilateral cases and one was unilateral, totaling seventeen cases) who underwent the surgery between September 2023 and March 2024. The method involved gaining percutaneous access to the pelvicalyceal system, inserting a 4-French Fogarty balloon catheter through a pigtail nephrostomy catheter, and inflating the balloon at the proximal or mid-ureter. Results: All 17 cases achieved technical successful with no major complications. The procedure effectively relieved symptoms associated with urinary leakage in most patients. However, the significant deflation of the balloon catheter occurred in five cases (29.4%), with three (17.6%) experiencing complete deflation. In these five cases, the final balloon size was 5.81 mm (range: 0-8.9 mm), confirming a 25.0% decrease in size from pre- to post-procedure. Ureteral occlusion was 28.3 d long on average (range: 8-57 d). All patients experienced symptom relief during temporary ureteral occlusion. Except for two patients lost to follow-up, three patients showed symptom improvement with only PCN and four patients underwent surgical closure of the fistula tract before or after balloon catheter removal. Conclusions: This study confirms that this approach is safe and effective.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D014547', 'D014513', 'D004322', 'D000328', 'D000369', 'D021721', 'D016896', 'D057785', 'D009403']"
38953003,COVID-19 preparedness and response in the Pitcairn Islands: keeping one of the world's smallest and most isolated populations safe in a pandemic.,"While the COVID-19 pandemic threatened the entire world, the extremely remote Pitcairn Islands faced unique vulnerabilities. With only a physician and a nurse to care for an ageing population of fewer than 40 residents, and with very limited referral pathways, Pitcairn encountered distinct challenges in preparing for and responding to the COVID-19 pandemic.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D000086402', 'D058873', 'D006113', 'D000096763']"
38952196,The Spread Pattern of New Practice in Liver Transplantation in the United States.,"Introducing new liver transplantation (LT) practices, like unconventional donor use, incurs higher costs, making evaluation of their prognostic justification crucial. This study reexamines the spread pattern of new LT practices and its prognosis across the United States.","['D006801', 'D016031', 'D014481', 'D000086382', 'D006085', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D000086402', 'D009927', 'D014019', 'D000328', 'D015996', 'D011379', 'D010818']"
38951929,"Clinical trial results in context: comparison of baseline characteristics and outcomes of 38,510 RECOVERY trial participants versus a reference population of 346,271 people hospitalised with COVID-19 in England.","Randomised trials are essential to reliably assess medical interventions. Nevertheless, interpretation of such studies, particularly when considering absolute effects, is enhanced by understanding how the trial population may differ from the populations it aims to represent.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D008297', 'D004739', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D006760', 'D000369', 'D000086402', 'D015897', 'D000328', 'D016032', 'D000073496']"
38951827,Using community-based participatory research methods to build the foundation for an equitable integrated health data system within a Canadian urban context.,"Health inequalities amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic have disproportionately affected racialized and equity-deserving communities across Canada. In the Municipality of Peel, existing data, while limited, illustrates that individuals from racialized and equity-deserving communities continue to suffer, receive delayed care, and die prematurely. In response to these troubling statistics, grassroots community advocacy has called on health systems leaders in Peel to work with community and non-profit organizations to address the critical data and infrastructure gaps that hinder addressing the social determinants of health in the region. To support these advocacy efforts, we used a community-based participatory research approach to understand how we might build a data collection ecosystem across sectors, alongside community residents and service providers, to accurately capture the data about the social determinants of health. This approach involved developing a community engagement council, defining the problem with the community, mapping what data is actively collected and what is excluded, and understanding experiences of sociodemographic data collection from community members and service providers. Guided by community voices, our study focused on sociodemographic data collection in the primary care context and identified which service providers use and collect these data, how data are used in their work, the facilitators and barriers to data use and collection. Additionally, we gained insight into how sociodemographic data collection could be respectful, safe, and properly governed from the perspectives of community members. From this study, we identify a set of eight recommendations for sociodemographic data collection and highlight limitations. This foundational community-based work will inform future research in establishing data governance in partnership with diverse and equity-deserving communities.","['D006801', 'D055812', 'D002170', 'D000086382', 'D064890', 'D000086402', 'D000069576', 'D054624', 'D058873', 'D014505']"
38951614,Virtual resonance: analyzing IPA usage intensity under COVID-19's isolating canopy.,"The widespread adoption of smartphones coupled with advancements in artificial intelligence has significantly propelled the use of intelligent personal assistants (IPAs). These digital assistants have become indispensable for many users, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Employing coviance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) and analyzing data from 260 participants, this study explores the key factors influencing IPA usage intensity. Contrary to expectations, affective risk perception showed no significant impact on either IPA usage or parasocial interaction during the pandemic. In stark contrast, cabin fever syndrome significantly influenced both IPA usage and parasocial interaction, underscoring the role of environmental and psychological stressors in shaping technology use. Furthermore, loneliness was found to significantly enhance parasocial interaction with IPAs, though it did not affect usage intensity. The findings highlight a substantial connection between parasocial interaction and IPA usage intensity, suggesting that users who engage in human-like interactions with IPAs tend to use them more extensively. These insights not only deepen our understanding of how IPAs are utilized during health crises but also point to potential directions for developing IPAs that are more responsive to users' emotional and social needs.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D000086402', 'D000068997', 'D058873', 'D034201', 'D008875', 'D008132', 'D055815']"
38951531,Structure and function of the SIT1 proline transporter in complex with the COVID-19 receptor ACE2.,"Proline is widely known as the only proteogenic amino acid with a secondary amine. In addition to its crucial role in protein structure, the secondary amino acid modulates neurotransmission and regulates the kinetics of signaling proteins. To understand the structural basis of proline import, we solved the structure of the proline transporter SIT1 in complex with the COVID-19 viral receptor ACE2 by cryo-electron microscopy. The structure of pipecolate-bound SIT1 reveals the specific sequence requirements for proline transport in the SLC6 family and how this protein excludes amino acids with extended side chains. By comparing apo and substrate-bound SIT1 states, we also identify the structural changes that link substrate release and opening of the cytoplasmic gate and provide an explanation for how a missense mutation in the transporter causes iminoglycinuria.","['D000085962', 'D020285', 'D011392', 'D006801', 'D000086402', 'D000086382', 'D026921', 'D008958']"
38951347,Recombinant Protein Production in Suspension Mammalian Cells Using the BacMam Baculovirus Expression System.,"Mammalian cell lines are one of the best options when it comes to the production of complex proteins requiring specific glycosylation patterns. Plasmid DNA transfection and stable cell lines are frequently used for recombinant protein production, but they are expensive at large scale or can become time-consuming, respectively. The BacMam baculovirus (BV) is a safe and cost-effective platform to produce recombinant proteins in mammalian cells. The process of generating BacMam BVs is straightforward and similar to the generation of ""insect"" BVs, with different commercially available platforms. Although there are several protocols that describe recombinant protein expression with the BacMam BV in adherent cell lines, limited information is available on suspension cells. Therefore, it is of relevance to define the conditions to produce recombinant proteins in suspension cell cultures with BacMam BVs that facilitate bioprocess transfer to larger volumes. Here, we describe a method to generate a high titer BacMam BV stock and produce recombinant proteins in suspension HEK293 cells.","['D016367', 'D006801', 'D011994', 'D057809', 'D000818', 'D014162', 'D005822', 'D018929', 'D015870', 'D006031']"
38951346,Assembly of Baculovirus Vectors for Multiplexed Prime Editing.,"Efficient genome editing by using CRISPR technologies requires simultaneous and efficient delivery of multiple genetically encoded components to mammalian cells. Amongst all editing approaches, prime editing (PE) has the unique potential to perform seamless genome rewriting, in the absence of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The cargo capacity required for efficient PE delivery to mammalian cells stands at odd with the limited packaging capacity of traditional viral delivery vectors. By contrast, baculovirus (BV) has a large synthetic DNA capacity and can efficiently transduce mammalian cells. Here we describe a protocol for the assembly of baculovirus vectors for multiplexed prime editing in mammalian cells.","['D016367', 'D000072669', 'D005822', 'D064113', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D057809']"
38951341,Functional Baculovirus Particle Quantification via Plaque Assay.,Plaque assay method enables the quantification of infectious baculovirus when defined as plaque forming units (PFU). It allows to determine the amount of infectious virus needed to infect the cells at a specific multiplicity of infection (MOI). Serial dilutions of baculovirus stock are added to the Sf9 cells monolayer followed by addition of 5% Agarose overlay. Six days after infection clear infection halos are observed using a neutral red solution. Here we describe the quantification of recombinant baculovirus expression vector (rBEV) carrying a transgene in an rAAV expression cassette. Reproducible quantification of PFU is obtained with this method.,"['D016367', 'D061987', 'D010948', 'D000818', 'D005822', 'D019076', 'D014771', 'D000229', 'D018411']"
38951340,Purification Process for a Secreted Protein Produced in Insect Cells.,"The Baculovirus Expression Vector System (BEVS) is used with cultured insect cells to produce a wide variety of heterologous proteins, which can be secreted into the culture medium during the transient infection process (Smith et al. Mol Cell Biol 12:2156-2165, 1983). When the infection process is complete, centrifugation is often used to separate the desired protein from the spent insect cells. The desired product in the harvested supernatant is contaminated with baculovirus, amino acids, lipids, detergents, oils, lysed cells from the infection process, genomic DNA from the insect cells, and proteases due to the lytic nature of the baculovirus infection process and many other contaminants (Ikonomou et al. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 62:1-20, 2003). All these contaminants that are present in the centrifuged supernatant with the desired secreted protein make the initial chromatographic capture step critical for effective purification of the desired protein. A purification scheme will be outlined for a slightly acidic secreted protein using cation exchange chromatography (Lundanes et al. Chromatography: basic principles, sample preparations and related methods, 1st edn. Wiley, 2013).","['D000818', 'D016367', 'D002852', 'D011994', 'D007313', 'D061987', 'D005822', 'D002460', 'D018411']"
38951339,One-Step Purification Strategy for Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus-Like Particles Produced by the IC-BEVS.,"Virus-like particles (VLP) of the cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV), a plant virus, have been shown to be safe and noncytotoxic vehicles for delivering various cargos, including nucleic acids and peptides, and as scaffolds for presenting epitopes. Thus, CCMV-VLP have acquired increasing attention to be used in fields such as gene therapy, drug delivery, and vaccine development. Regardless of their production method, most reports purify CCMV-VLP through a series of ultracentrifugation steps using sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, which is a complex and time-consuming process. Here, the use of anion exchange chromatography is described as a one-step protocol for purification of CCMV-VLP produced by the insect cell-baculovirus expression vector system (IC-BEVS).","['D017795', 'D000818', 'D016367', 'D005822', 'D002852', 'D014771']"
38951338,Extraction of Modified Adeno-Associated Virus-Like Particles Displaying Peptides on Their Surface.,"Virus-like particles (VLPs) of the adeno-associated virus (AAV) can be produced using the baculovirus expression vector system. Insertion of small peptides on the surface of the AAV or AAV VLPs has been used to redirect the AAV to different target tissues and for vaccine development. Usually, the VLPs self-assemble intracellularly, and an extraction step must be performed before purification. Here, we describe the method we have used to extract AAV VLPs from insect cells successfully with peptide insertions on their surface.","['D000229', 'D000818', 'D010455', 'D005822', 'D014771', 'D016367', 'D061987', 'D006801', 'D002460', 'D036022']"
38951337,Recombinant AAV Purification.,"Purification of rAAV is a crucial unit operation of the AAV production process. It enables the capture of AAV and removal of contaminants such as host cell proteins, host cell DNA, and other cell culture-related impurities. Here we describe the purification of rAAV produced in insect cells Sf9/rBEV by immuno-affinity capture chromatography. The method is fully scale-amenable unlike other traditional purification methods based on ultracentrifugation. The method reported herein has two main steps: (1) the clarification of cell lysate by depth filtration and (2) the selective capture and single-step purification of AAV via immune-affinity chromatography. This purification method has been successfully implemented to purify the majority of wild-type AAV serotypes.","['D000229', 'D000818', 'D002846', 'D061987', 'D005822', 'D006801', 'D018411']"
38951336,Recombinant AAV Production.,"The insect cell-baculovirus expression vector (IC-BEV) platform has enabled small research-scale and large commercial-scale production of recombinant proteins and therapeutic biologics including recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-based gene delivery vectors. The wide use of this platform is comparable with other mammalian cell line-based platforms due to its simplicity, high-yield, comparable quality attributes, and robust bioprocessing features. In this chapter, we describe a rAAV production protocol employing one of the recent modifications of the One-Bac platform that consists of a stable transformed Sf9 cell line carrying AAV Rep2/Cap5 genes that are induced upon infection with a single recombinant baculovirus expression vector harboring the transgene of interest (rAAV genome). The overall protocol consists of essential steps including rBEV working stock preparation, rAAV production, and centrifugation-based clarification of cell culture lysate. The same protocol can also be applied for rAAV vector production using traditional Three-Bac, Two-Bac, and Mono-Bac platforms without requiring significant changes.","['D000229', 'D005822', 'D000818', 'D061987', 'D016367', 'D006801', 'D019076', 'D002460', 'D011994']"
38951335,Protein Production at the 100L Scale.,"The Baculovirus Expression Vector System (BEVS) has revolutionized the field of recombinant protein expression by enabling efficient and high yield production. The platform offers many advantages including manufacturing speed, flexible design, and scalability. In this chapter, we describe the methods including strategies and considerations to successfully optimize and scale-up using BEVS as a tool for production (Fig. 1). As an illustrative case study, we present an example focused on the production of a viral glycoprotein.","['D016367', 'D011994', 'D005822', 'D000818', 'D006801', 'D061987']"
38951334,Production of Recombinant Viral Antigens Using the Baculovirus-Insect Cell Expression System.,"Insect cell expression has been successfully used for the production of viral antigens as part of commercial vaccine development. As expression host, insect cells offer advantage over bacterial system by presenting the ability of performing post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as glycosylation and phosphorylation thus preserving the native functionality of the proteins especially for viral antigens. Insect cells have limitation in exactly mimicking some proteins which require complex glycosylation pattern. The recent advancement in insect cell engineering strategies could overcome this limitation to some extent. Moreover, cost efficiency, timelines, safety, and process adoptability make insect cells a preferred platform for production of subunit antigens for human and animal vaccines. In this chapter, we describe the method for producing the SARS-CoV2 spike ectodomain subunit antigen for human vaccine development and the virus like particle (VLP), based on capsid protein of porcine circovirus virus 2 (PCV2d) antigen for animal vaccine development using two different insect cell lines, SF9 & Hi5, respectively. This methodology demonstrates the flexibility and broad applicability of insect cell as expression host.","['D000818', 'D016367', 'D000956', 'D061987', 'D006801', 'D064370', 'D011994', 'D002460', 'D000086402', 'D058425', 'D036022', 'D006031', 'D007313', 'D018411', 'D000086663']"
38951333,Production of Secreted Antibody in Baculovirus Expression Vector System.,"Monoclonal antibodies have widespread applications in disease treatment and antigen detection. They are traditionally produced using mammalian cell expression system, which is not able to satisfy the increasing demand of these proteins at large scale. Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is an attractive alternative platform for the production of biologically active monoclonal antibodies. In this chapter, we demonstrate the production of an HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibody b12 in BEVS. The processes including transfer vector construction, recombinant baculovirus generation, and antibody production and detection are described.","['D016367', 'D005822', 'D000818', 'D006801', 'D015870', 'D015497', 'D011994', 'D000911', 'D057134', 'D004797', 'D015483', 'D061987']"
38951332,Generation of Complex Protein Structures by Coinfection with High-Quality Recombinant Baculovirus.,"The baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is a powerful platform for protein expression in insect cells. A prevalent application is the expression of complex protein structures consisting of multiple, interacting proteins. Coinfection with multiple baculoviruses allows for production of complex structures, facilitating structure-function studies, allowing augmentation of insect cell functionality, and production of clinically relevant products such as virus-like particles (VLPs) and adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV). Successful coinfections require the generation of robust and well-quantified recombinant baculovirus stocks. Virus production through homologous recombination, combined with rigorous quantification of viral titers, allows for synchronous coinfections producing high end-product titers. In this chapter, we describe the streamlined workflow for generation and quantification of high-quality recombinant baculovirus stocks and successful coinfection as defined by a preponderance of dually infected cells in the insect cell culture.","['D016367', 'D000818', 'D005822', 'D011994', 'D061987', 'D002460', 'D018411']"
38951331,Probing Baculovirus Vector Gene Essentiality for Foreign Gene Expression Using a CRISPR-Cas9 System.,"The baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) has now found acceptance in both research laboratories and industry, which can be attributed to many of its key features including the limited host range of the vectors, their non-pathogenicity to humans, and the mammalian-like post-translational modification (PTMs) that can be achieved in insect cells. In fact, this system acts as a middle ground between prokaryotes and higher eukaryotes to produce complex biologics. Still, industrial use of the BEVS lags compared to other platforms. We have postulated that one reason for this has been a lack of genetic tools that can complement the study of baculovirus vectors, while a second reason is the co-production of the baculovirus vector with the desired product. While some genetic enhancements have been made to improve the BEVS as a production platform, the genome remains under-scrutinized. This chapter outlines the methodology for a CRISPR-Cas9-based transfection-infection assay to probe the baculovirus genome for essential/nonessential genes that can potentially maximize foreign gene expression under a promoter of choice.","['D016367', 'D064113', 'D005822', 'D000818', 'D020043', 'D015870', 'D014162', 'D000072669', 'D061987', 'D006801']"
38951328,Adaptive Laboratory Evolution to Improve Recombinant Protein Production Using Insect Cells.,"Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) is a powerful tool for enhancing the fitness of cell lines in specific applications, including recombinant protein production. Through adaptation to nonstandard culture conditions, cells can develop specific traits that make them high producers. Despite being widely used for microorganisms and, to lesser extent, for mammalian cells, ALE has been poorly leveraged for insect cells. Here, we describe a method for adapting insect High Five and Sf9 cells to nonstandard culture conditions via an ALE approach. Aiming to demonstrate the potential of ALE to improve productivity of insect cells, two case studies are demonstrated. In the first, we adapted insect High Five cells from their standard pH (6.2) to neutral pH (7.0); this adaptation allowed to improve production of influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) by threefold, using the transient baculovirus expression vector system. In the second, we adapted insect Sf9 cells from their standard culture temperature (27 °C) to hypothermic growth (22 °C); this adaptation allowed to improve production of influenza VLPs by sixfold, using stable cell lines. These examples demonstrate the potential of ALE for enhancing productivity within distinct insect cell hosts and expression systems by manipulating different culture conditions.","['D000818', 'D011994', 'D002460', 'D061987', 'D016367', 'D018929', 'D007313', 'D019020', 'D006863', 'D013696']"
38951327,TOPO Cloning for Efficient Plasmid Construction.,This chapter outlines the use of TOPO cloning for streamlined generation of a recombinant plasmid containing your gene of interest for use in the Bac-to-Bac™ Baculovirus Expression System.,"['D010957', 'D003001', 'D005822', 'D016367', 'D022202']"
38953686,[Not Available].,"A correct diagnosis and treatment of fingertip- and nail injuries, commonly seen in the emergency room, is crucial. Insufficient treatment can result in long-term complications, including finger dysfunction and dysaesthesia, nail deformity, infection, or pain. These remaining problems may induce severe impairment of the quality of life of the patient. This review summarises the diagnosis and treatment.","['D006801', 'D005383', 'D009262', 'D000208']"
38953255,[Effects of Questionnaire-Based Psychological Survey Methods on the Evaluation Results in a Patient Cohort].,"Objective To assess the influences of self-and interviewer-administered methods on the scores of anxiety and depression questionnaires among the patients with sports injuries.Methods A total of 532 participants with sports injuries treated in the Sports Medicine Center of West China Hospital,Sichuan University from November 2022 to May 2023 were included.They were randomly assigned to either the interviewer-administered group (n=270) or the self-administered group (n=262) to complete the generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7) and the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) scales.The total scores and prevalence rates of anxiety and depression were compared between the two groups.Results There was no statistically significant difference in gender,occupation,or surgical site between the two groups (all P>0.05).The self-administered group had higher scores of GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales than the interviewer-administered group (P<0.001,P<0.001).A greater proportion of participants in the self-administered group than in the interview-administered group met the criteria for mild to moderate anxiety and depression (P<0.001,P=0.002).The prevalence rates of moderate to severe anxiety (GAD-7≥10) and depression (PHQ-9≥10) showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.761,P=0.086).Conclusion This study demonstrates that the participants in the self-administered group are more likely to report mild to moderate symptoms of anxiety and depression than those in the interviewer-administered group.","['D006801', 'D011795', 'D003863', 'D005260', 'D001007', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D001265', 'D002681', 'D008875', 'D055815']"
38950990,"Assessing the quality of emergency department data for injury surveillance in Victoria, Australia: a comparative analysis of two Victorian hospital data sources.","The emergency department (ED) is pivotal in treating serious injuries, making it a valuable source for population-based injury surveillance. In Victoria, information that is relevant to injury surveillance is collected in the Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset (VEMD). This study aims to assess the data quality of the VEMD as an injury data source by comparing it with the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset (VAED).","['D006801', 'D004636', 'D014739', 'D012189', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D014947', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D000293', 'D055815', 'D002648', 'D002675', 'D007223', 'D000068598', 'D011159', 'D000369', 'D007231', 'D000093983']"
38950615,[Prehospital Care Times and Interventions for Victims of Major Trauma in the Central Region of Portugal: A Retrospective Study].,"The quality and promptness of prehospital care for major trauma patients are vital in order to lower their high mortality rate. However, the effectiveness of this response in Portugal is unknown. The objective of this study was to analyze response times and interventions for major trauma patients in the central region of Portugal.","['D012189', 'D006801', 'D011174', 'D004632', 'D013997', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D014947', 'D000328', 'D000552', 'D008875', 'D061665']"
38950447,Motor vehicle collision characteristics and hospitalization outcomes associated with mild traumatic brain injury and concomitant whiplash injury.,"Few large studies have investigated the factors and outcomes related to concomitant injuries occurring alongside mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) after motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). Thus, the objective of this study was to assess whether MVC characteristics predict which patients with mTBI will have concomitant whiplash injury, and whether concomitant whiplash injury affects care utilization for these patients.","['D006801', 'D000063', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D014911', 'D006760', 'D008875', 'D012189', 'D055815', 'D001924', 'D015331', 'D007902', 'D015600']"
38950446,Elucidating differences in concussion subtype symptomatology in sports-related versus non-sports-related concussions: a retrospective cohort study.,"Postconcussive symptom questionnaires (PCSQs) are often used in concussion patient assessment, yet there is a lack of knowledge as to whether symptom subtype prevalence is dependent on the mechanism of injury (MOI). These subtypes can be defined as cognitive, atlanto-occipital/cervical spine, autonomic, balance, low energy/fatigue/sleep, emotional changes, eyes, and somatic. Using an institutional PCSQ that quantitatively addressed these subtypes, this retrospective study aimed to provide insight into differences in subtype symptomatology between sports-related (SR) and non-sports-related (NSR) injuries.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D012189', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D001924', 'D000293', 'D001265', 'D055815', 'D008875', 'D038223', 'D015331', 'D015600', 'D011795']"
38950430,"Pediatric sport and nonsport concussions presenting to emergency departments: injury circumstances, characteristics, and clinical management.","The aim of this study was to compare injury circumstances, characteristics, and clinical management of emergency department (ED) presentations for sports-related concussion (SRC) and non-SRC.","['D006801', 'D002648', 'D001924', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D004636', 'D000293', 'D002675', 'D001265', 'D011446', 'D015600']"
38949185,"Nanomaterial strategies in wound healing: A comprehensive review of nanoparticles, nanofibres and nanosheets.","Wound healing is a complex process that orchestrates the coordinated action of various cells, cytokines and growth factors. Nanotechnology offers exciting new possibilities for enhancing the healing process by providing novel materials and approaches to deliver bioactive molecules to the wound site. This article elucidates recent advancements in utilizing nanoparticles, nanofibres and nanosheets for wound healing. It comprehensively discusses the advantages and limitations of each of these materials, as well as their potential applications in various types of wounds. Each of these materials, despite sharing common properties, can exhibit distinct practical characteristics that render them particularly valuable for healing various types of wounds. In this review, our primary focus is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art in applying nanoparticles, nanofibres, nanosheets and their combinations to wound healing, serving as a valuable resource to guide researchers in their appropriate utilization of these nanomaterials in wound-healing research. Further studies are necessary to gain insight into the application of this type of nanomaterials in clinical settings.","['D014945', 'D006801', 'D057139', 'D053758', 'D049329', 'D014947', 'D008297', 'D005260']"
38946741,Predictors of household direct cost of burn injury in adult patients at a tertiary healthcare facility in Ghana: an analytical cross-sectional study in Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital.,"treatment of severe burn injury generally requires enormous human and material resources including specialized intensive care, staged surgery, and continued restoration. This contributes to the enormous burden on patients and their families. The cost of burn treatment is influenced by many factors including the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patient. This study aimed to determine the costs of burn care and its associated predictive factors in Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana.","['D006801', 'D005869', 'D003430', 'D002056', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D006784', 'D055815', 'D062606', 'D000293', 'D002053', 'D017048', 'D007902', 'D000368', 'D017281', 'D012044']"
38946527,"Exploring the effect of wound related pain on psychological stress, inflammatory response, and wound healing.","The relationship between pain and poor healing is intricate, potentially mediated by psychological stress and aberrations in inflammatory response. The purpose of this study was to examine the biopsychosocial model of pain by assessing the relationships between pain, stress, inflammation and healing in people with chronic wounds.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D014945', 'D008875', 'D013315', 'D011446', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D007249', 'D014947', 'D002170', 'D010147', 'D010146', 'D000369', 'D002908']"
38946449,Has the COVID-19 pandemic changed existing patterns of non-COVID-19 health care utilization? A retrospective analysis of six regions in Europe.,"Resilience of national health systems in Europe remains a major concern in times of multiple crises and as more evidence is emerging relating to the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care utilization (HCU), resulting from de-prioritization of regular, non-pandemic healthcare services. Most extant studies focus on regional, disease specific or early pandemic HCU creating difficulties in comparing across multiple countries. We provide a comparatively broad definition of HCU across multiple countries, with potential to expand across regions and timeframes.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D005060', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D010342', 'D000086402', 'D017558', 'D058873', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D014947', 'D002318']"
38946286,The impact of baseline health factors on second primary cancer risk after radiotherapy for prostate cancer.,"In evaluating second primary cancers (SPCs) following External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT), the role of lifestyle factors is frequently not considered due to data limitations. We investigated the association between smoking, comorbidities, and SPC risks within EBRT-treated patients for localized prostate cancer (PCa).","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D011471', 'D016609', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D009426', 'D012307', 'D015994', 'D050397', 'D015897', 'D012907', 'D020266', 'D009381', 'D012042']"
38945658,Medical-Legal Issues in Traumatic Brain Injury.,"Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) cases often involve both medical and legal issues, litigation and prolonged recovery timelines. As TBI cases are often complex, and can have a significant impact on the lives of the patients and their families/caregivers, having a comprehensive understanding of the causes, diagnoses, treatments and long term outcomes will be valuable in understanding the medical and legal aspects of this type of injury. Patients, families, and health care professionals will all benefit from a deeper understanding of the medical and legal aspects of TBI, which should help improve rehabilitation and recovery outcomes.","['D006801', 'D000070642']"
38945657,"Complementary and Integrative Medicine in Treating Headaches, Cognitive Dysfunction, Mental Fatigue, Insomnia, and Mood Disorders Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Comprehensive Review.","Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex condition associated with a range of persistent symptoms including headaches, cognitive dysfunction, mental fatigue, insomnia, and mood disorders. Conventional treatments for TBI-related symptoms can be insufficient, leading to interest in complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) approaches. This comprehensive article examines the existing literature on CIM modalities, including mind-body interventions, acupuncture/acupressure, herbal remedies, nutritional supplements, biofeedback, yoga, and tai chi in the context of managing secondary complications following TBI. The article highlights potential benefits and limitations of CIM modalities, while acknowledging the need for further research to better establish efficacy and safety in this specific population.","['D006801', 'D000070642', 'D019964', 'D000529', 'D007319', 'D055048', 'D006261', 'D060825', 'D005222']"
38945655,Neuropharmacology in Traumatic Brain Injury.,"One of the primary goals in traumatic brain injury (TBI) treatment is to minimize secondary brain damage and promote neuroprotection. In TBI rehabilitation, we seek to facilitate neurologic recovery and restore what independence is possible given a patient's physical and cognitive impairments. These goals must be balanced with treatment of the various symptoms that may occur following TBI. This is challenging given the fact that many of the typical treatments for certain symptoms also come with side effects which could be problematic in the TBI population.","['D006801', 'D000070642']"
38945654,Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy.,"This article focuses on neuropathologic diagnostic criteria for chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and consensus research diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES). CTE as a tauopathy has a unique pattern for diagnosis and differs from other neurodegenerative diseases. We discuss the history, neuropathology, and mechanism of CTE as well as the preliminary reasearch diagnostic criteria for TES, which is the proposed clinical presentation of suspected CTE.","['D006801', 'D000070627']"
38945652,Management of Pain and Headache After Traumatic Brain Injury.,"This article will identify common causes of pain following traumatic brain injury (TBI), discuss current treatment strategies for these complaints, and help tailor treatments for both acute and chronic settings. We will also briefly discuss primary and secondary headache disorders, followed by common secondary pain disorders that may be related to trauma.","['D006801', 'D000070642', 'D059408', 'D006261', 'D010146']"
38945651,Military Traumatic Brain Injury.,"Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the military can involve distinct injury mechanisms, diagnostic challenges, treatments, and course of recovery. TBI has played a prominent role in recent conflicts, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Blast-related TBI in combat settings is often accompanied by other physical injuries. Military TBIs of all severities can lead to prolonged recoveries and persistent sequelae. The complex interplay between TBI, pain, and mental health conditions can significantly complicate diagnosis and recovery. Military and veteran health settings and programs provide comprehensive care along the continuum of TBI recovery rehabilitation with the goal of optimizing recovery and function.","['D006801', 'D000070642', 'D008889']"
38945650,Sports Related Concussion.,"Sports-related concussions (SRC) have been a topic of interest for decades and are a prevalent risk of sports participation. The definition of SRC continues to evolve but includes a plausible mechanism and associated symptoms of injury. Rates of concussion vary among sports, and many sports have adopted rule changes to limit this risk for its athletes. There has been a considerable effort to prevent the occurrence of SRC, as well as a focus on safe return to learn and sport alike. There is growing concern about the ramifications of concussions, which will continue to warrant further investigation.","['D006801', 'D001924', 'D001265']"
38945649,Rehabilitation of Persistent Symptoms After Concussion.,"Persistent symptoms following a mild traumatic brain injury are challenging to treat and pose a significant threat to community reintegration. Early recognition and intervention play a pivotal role in preventing the development of persistent symptoms by providing education that emphasizes clear recovery expectations and the high likelihood of full symptom resolution. We recommend early development of a personalized treatment plan, offering guidance on gradual return to activity and specific symptom-targeted treatments that may incorporate both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions.","['D006801', 'D001924', 'D038223', 'D020127']"
38945648,Acute Concussion.,"Concussions are the most common type of traumatic brain injury. They result from external force to the head that causes a neuro-metabolic cascade to unfold. This can then lead to a variety of symptoms in the domains of physical, cognition, mood, and sleep. Concussions are a clinical diagnosis but it is important to rule out acute intracranial pathology through a detailed history and physical examination in addition to possible head imaging. Treatment should include an individualized approach that focuses on what domains are affected after concussion.","['D006801', 'D001924']"
38945647,Management of Medical Complications during the Rehabilitation of Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.,"According to the Centers for Disease Control, in 2019, there were approximately 223,135 hospitalizations in the United States related to traumatic brain injury (TBI). If not managed properly, these patients can suffer complications with significant negative implications with respect to morbidity, mortality, and long-term functional prognosis. It is imperative that medical providers who care for patients with TBI across the entire spectrum of care readily diagnose and treat the sequela associated with moderate-severe brain trauma. This article will focus on some of the key medical issues that providers may encounter during acute inpatient rehabilitation.","['D006801', 'D000070642']"
38945646,Disorders of Consciousness.,"This article reviews the definition, assessment, neuroimaging, treatment, and rehabilitation for disorders of consciousness after an acquired brain injury. It also explores special considerations and new neuromodulation treatment options.","['D006801', 'D003244', 'D001930', 'D059906']"
38945645,Acute Management of Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.,"The focus of this article is on the acute management of traumatic brain injury. The article focuses on the classification of traumatic brain injury, general acute management of traumatic brain injury, the role of the physiatrist on this team, and lastly, behavioral and family considerations in the acute care setting. The article includes a focus on physiologic systems, strategies for the management of various aspects of brain injury, and consideration of factors associated with the continuum of care. Overall, the article reviews this critical period of brain injury recovery and provides a primer for the physiatrist.","['D006801', 'D000070642']"
38945543,Augmented versus non-augmented locking-plate fixation in proximal humeral fractures.,"Proximal humeral fractures are the third most common fracture among the elderly. Complications associated with fixation include screw perforation, varus collapse, and avascular necrosis of the humeral head. To address these challenges, various augmentation techniques to increase medial column support have been developed. There are currently no recent studies that definitively establish the superiority of augmented fixation over non-augmented implants in the surgical treatment of proximal humeral fractures. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the outcomes of patients who underwent locking-plate fixation with cement augmentation or bone-graft augmentation versus those who underwent locking-plate fixation without augmentation for proximal humeral fractures.","['D006801', 'D001860', 'D012784', 'D005593', 'D001843', 'D016025', 'D016896']"
38945541,"Redisplacement of reduced distal radius fractures in adults: does the type of casting play a role? The CAST study, a multicentre cluster randomized controlled trial.","It is not clear which type of casting provides the best initial treatment in adults with a distal radial fracture. Given that between 32% and 64% of adequately reduced fractures redisplace during immobilization in a cast, preventing redisplacement and a disabling malunion or secondary surgery is an aim of treatment. In this study, we investigated whether circumferential casting leads to fewer the redisplacement of fewer fractures and better one-year outcomes compared with plaster splinting.","['D006801', 'D002370', 'D011885', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D013165', 'D016896', 'D000071066', 'D000092503']"
38945536,Virtual reality reduces anxiety of children in the plaster room: a randomized controlled trial.,"Paediatric fractures are highly prevalent and are most often treated with plaster. The application and removal of plaster is often an anxiety-inducing experience for children. Decreasing the anxiety level may improve the patients' satisfaction and the quality of healthcare. Virtual reality (VR) has proven to effectively distract children and reduce their anxiety in other clinical settings, and it seems to have a similar effect during plaster treatment. This study aims to further investigate the effect of VR on the anxiety level of children with fractures who undergo plaster removal or replacement in the plaster room.","['D006801', 'D002648', 'D002370', 'D005260', 'D000293', 'D008297', 'D002675', 'D001007', 'D000076142', 'D050723', 'D017060', 'D010147']"
38944732,Multicenter Cohort Study to Evaluate the Relationship between Radiological Findings and Disability in Moderate and Severe Head Injury Patients.,"This was a multicenter cohort study to evaluate the relationship between radiological findings and disability in moderate and severe head injury patients. The study places were the Neurosurgery department of Sylhet M A G Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet Women's Medical College Hospital (SWMCH) and King Faisal Hospital (KFH), Taif, KSA. Sample size was 104 and the study period was 36 months (July 2021 to December 2022). On the basis of radiological findings the participants were divided into three arms. The different arms were diffused traumatic brain injury (arm-1), focal traumatic brain injury (arm-2) and both (diffused and traumatic) types traumatic brain injury (arm-3). Outcome was assessed by modified Rankin Score (mRS). Mean age was significantly higher in female. Overall mean age was 40.28 year. Highest number was in the below 20-year age group followed by the 41-50-year age group. Lowest number of participants was in the above 60-year group. Improved group was significantly higher than 'not improved' and the 'died' group (p<0.00001). Improved participants were significantly higher in the arm-1 and arm-2. Mortality was significantly higher (p<0.00001) in the arm-3 group.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D008297', 'D015331', 'D006259', 'D055815', 'D000070642', 'D000293', 'D000368', 'D004185']"
38944708,Demographic Study of Epileptic Burn Patient in a Tertiary Level Hospital of Bangladesh.,"Burns are very common and important injuries associated with epilepsy. Epileptics are afflicted with burns when they come in contact with fire or other burning agents while seizing, due to loss of consciousness. The aim of the study was to identify the causes of burn, pattern and characteristics of burn in patients with epilepsy, duration of hospital stay and pattern of treatment in these patients. This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh from January 2022 to December 2023. Epileptics were found in 0.84% (n=19) of the total admission (2274) in Burn unit. Majority of the patients were females (84.2%) and the mean age was (31.42±1.32) years. Maximum patients were housewives (78.9%). Among 19 cases, 11 cases (57.89%) had history of irregularly taking antiepileptic drugs and 8 cases (42.11%) had no history of treatment for epilepsy. Two cases (10.53%) had history of previous burn injury. Flame burn was the major etiology (89.5%). Mean total burn surface area (TBSA) was (6.94±4.12%). Most patients had full thickness burns (63.2%). Regarding distribution of burn, maximum involvement was in upper limb i.e. 68.21% cases. Surgical treatment was needed in the majority of the patients (68.5%). Mean hospital stay of these patients was (5.36±2.26) weeks. Epilepsy patients whose seizures are inadequately controlled are at increased risks of injury, especially burn. For prevention of burn, epilepsy should be treated properly.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D001459', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D002056', 'D004827', 'D011446', 'D007902', 'D062606', 'D055815', 'D008875', 'D000293']"
38944488,A Review of Community-Based Gun Violence Prevention Programs and the Physician's Role.,"Gun violence (GV) and safety is a contentious topic in the United States, despite increasing morbidity and mortality among children and adolescents. It is important for physicians to take a role in preventing future GV. This article aims to present several methods that physicians can use to prevent GV in their own communities, ranging from implementation of large-scale intervention programs to simple screenings and anticipatory guidance. As the problem of GV persists, it is important for physicians to use their role to identify individuals who are at high-risk and advocate for changes that will benefit their future health.","['D006801', 'D010819', 'D000078402', 'D014481', 'D002648', 'D000293', 'D005389', 'D014948']"
38943501,"""Glia-like"" cells of fibroblast morphology are present in cultures from injured human brain tissue.",Astrocytes undergo morphological and molecular changes in response to numerous pathological conditions.,"['D006801', 'D005347', 'D005904', 'D001253', 'D001930', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D002478', 'D000368', 'D001932', 'D001921', 'D005910', 'D009457']"
38943369,Bayesian varying-effects vector autoregressive models for inference of brain connectivity networks and covariate effects in pediatric traumatic brain injury.,"In this article, we develop an analytical approach for estimating brain connectivity networks that accounts for subject heterogeneity. More specifically, we consider a novel extension of a multi-subject Bayesian vector autoregressive model that estimates group-specific directed brain connectivity networks and accounts for the effects of covariates on the network edges. We adopt a flexible approach, allowing for (possibly) nonlinear effects of the covariates on edge strength via a novel Bayesian nonparametric prior that employs a weighted mixture of Gaussian processes. For posterior inference, we achieve computational scalability by implementing a variational Bayes scheme. Our approach enables simultaneous estimation of group-specific networks and selection of relevant covariate effects. We show improved performance over competing two-stage approaches on simulated data. We apply our method on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from children with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and healthy controls to estimate the effects of age and sex on the group-level connectivities. Our results highlight differences in the distribution of parent nodes. They also suggest alteration in the relation of age, with peak edge strength in children with TBI, and differences in effective connectivity strength between males and females.","['D006801', 'D001499', 'D000070642', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D002648', 'D008279', 'D000293', 'D063132', 'D001921', 'D009415', 'D008959']"
38943323,[Polytrauma and Acute Kidney Injury: A Multidisciplinary Approach].,"The development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in polytrauma patients is a common and serious complication, with an incidence ranging from 6% to 50%. Polytrauma is a complex pathological condition that involves the collaboration of various specialists. On one hand, hemodynamic stabilization through fluid therapy and aminic support, with specific attack protocols, managed by anesthetists. On the other hand, if necessary, the initiation of renal replacement therapy such as Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT), managed by nephrologists. CRRT is chosen both for managing fluid balance and ensuring the removal of toxic substances, as well as for proper control of electrolytes and acid-base balance.","['D058186', 'D006801', 'D009104', 'D010348', 'D005440', 'D000079664']"
38943178,Multicomponent supervised tele-rehabilitation versus home-based self-rehabilitation management after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.,Our study aims to assess the effectiveness of multicomponent supervised tele-rehabilitation compared to home-based self-rehabilitation management in patients following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).,"['D006801', 'D059549', 'D000069350', 'D016037', 'D016059', 'D016896', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D055815', 'D006699', 'D016032', 'D000070598', 'D053580', 'D000293']"
38953214,"The causal relationship between immune cells mediating FIT3L, CCL4, OSM, and skin-derived deteriorated tumors.","Observational studies have identified a dual effect of circulating inflammatory proteins and immune cells on cancer progression. However, the specific mechanisms of action have not been clarified in the exacerbation of cutaneous-origin tumors. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether the causal relationship between circulating inflammatory factors and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), cutaneous malignant melanoma (SKCM), and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is regulated by immune cells.","['D006801', 'D012878', 'D008545', 'D002280', 'D057182', 'D002294', 'D001499', 'D000096142']"
38951909,A prospective study of HER3 expression pre and post neoadjuvant therapy of different breast cancer subtypes: implications for HER3 imaging therapy guidance.,"HER3, a member of the EGFR receptor family, plays a central role in driving oncogenic cell proliferation in breast cancer. Novel HER3 therapeutics are showing promising results while recently developed HER3 PET imaging modalities aid in predicting and assessing early treatment response. However, baseline HER3 expression, as well as changes in expression while on neoadjuvant therapy, have not been well-characterized. We conducted a prospective clinical study, pre- and post-neoadjuvant/systemic therapy, in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer to determine HER3 expression, and to identify possible resistance mechanisms maintained through the HER3 receptor.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D001943', 'D020360', 'D008875', 'D020893', 'D011446', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D014408', 'D018719', 'D011960', 'D015972', 'D015398', 'D049268']"
38951767,Dermoscopic characteristics of Merkel cell carcinoma.,"Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive, cutaneous tumour with high mortality and frequently delayed diagnosis. Clinically, it often manifests as a rapidly growing erythematous to purple nodule usually located on the lower extremities or face and scalp of elderly patients. There is limited available data on the dermoscopic findings of MCC, and there are no specific features that can be used to definitively diagnose MCC.","['D015266', 'D006801', 'D046169', 'D012878', 'D018613']"
38951573,Fast and efficient isolation of murine circulating tumor cells using screencell technology for pre-clinical analyzes.,"Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent a rare and heterogeneous population of cancer cells that are detached from the tumor site and entered blood or lymphatic circulation. Once disseminated in distant tissues, CTCs could remain dormant or create a tumor mass causing serious danger for patients. Many technologies exist to isolate CTCs from patients' blood samples, mostly based on microfluidic systems or by sorting them according to their surface antigens, notably EpCAM, and/or cytokeratins for carcinoma. ScreenCell has developed an easy-to-use, antigen-independent, rapid, cost-effective, and efficient technology that isolates CTCs according to their bigger size compared to the blood cells. This study provides the technical information necessary to isolate and characterize CTCs from mouse blood. By using blood samples from transgenic mice with breast cancer or from WT mice in which we spiked cancer cells, we showed that ScreenCell technology is compatible with standard EDTA blood collection tubes. Furthermore, the ScreenCell Cyto kit could treat up to 500 µl and the ScreenCell MB kit up to 200 µl of mouse blood. As the ScreenCell MB kit captures unaltered live CTCs, we have shown that their DNA could be efficiently extracted, and the isolated cells could be grown in culture. In conclusion, ScreenCell provides a rapid, easy, antigen-independent, cost-effective, and efficient technology to isolate and characterize CTCs from the blood samples of cancer patients and murine models. Thanks to this technology CTCs could be captured fixed or alive. Murine cancer models are extensively used in pre-clinical studies. Therefore, this study demonstrates the crucial technical points necessary while manipulating mouse blood samples using ScreenCell technology.","['D009360', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D002469', 'D005260', 'D008822', 'D006801', 'D045744', 'D001943']"
38951247,Plasma proteins and inflammatory dermatoses: proteome-wide Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses.,"Current genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of plasma proteomes provide additional possibilities for finding new drug targets for inflammatory dermatoses. We performed proteome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) and colocalization analyses to identify novel potential drug targets for inflammatory dermatoses. We performed MR and colocalization analysis using genetic variation as instrumental variables to determine the causal relationship between circulating plasma proteins and inflammatory dermatoses. 5 plasma proteins were found to be causally associated with dermatitis eczematosa, SLE, urticaria and psoriasis using cis-pQTLs as instrumental variables, but not found in AD and LP. 19 candidate genes with high colocalization evidence were identified. These potential drug targets still require more research and rigorous validation in future trials.","['D006801', 'D057182', 'D055106', 'D001798', 'D020543', 'D020022', 'D020641', 'D011565', 'D040641']"
38950095,The Psychoneurologic Symptom Cluster and Its Association With Breast Cancer Genomic Instability.,To phenotype the psychoneurologic (PN) symptom cluster in individuals with metastatic breast cancer and associate those phenotypes with individual characteristics and cancer genomic variables from circulating tumor DNA.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D001943', 'D008875', 'D003430', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D042822', 'D010414', 'D000369']"
38950094,"Distress, Pain, and Nausea on Postoperative Days 1 and 14 in Women Recovering From Breast-Conserving Surgery: A Repeated-Measures Study.","To determine the incidence and trajectory of distress, pain, and nausea and vomiting at postoperative day (POD) 1 and at POD 14 following breast-conserving surgery.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D015412', 'D001943', 'D000368', 'D011446', 'D010149', 'D000328', 'D020250', 'D000369', 'D013315', 'D009325']"
38950091,Palpitations in Women With Breast Cancer Are Associated With Polymorphisms for Neurotransmitter Genes.,To evaluate for associations between the occurrence of palpitations reported by women prior to breast cancer surgery and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for neurotransmitter genes.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D001943', 'D008875', 'D020641', 'D018377', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D001145']"
38952991,A taxonomic revision of Rhizophora L. (Rhizophoraceae) in Thailand.,"A taxonomic revision of Rhizophora L. (Rhizophoraceae) in Thailand is presented. Two species, R. apiculata Blume and R. mucronata Poir., are enumerated with updated morphological descriptions, illustrations and a taxonomic identification key, together with notes on distributions, habitats and ecology, phenology, conservation assessments, etymology, vernacular names, uses, and specimens examined. Three names in Rhizophora, are lectotypified: R. apiculata and two associated synonyms of R. mucronata (i.e., R. latifolia Miq. and R. macrorrhiza Griff.). R. longissima Blanco, a synonym of R. mucronata, is neotypified. All two Rhizophora species have a conservation assessment of Least Concern (LC). Based on the morphological identification, these two species can be distinguished from one another by the shape and width of the leaf laminae and the length of a terminal stiff point of the leaf laminae; the type and position of the inflorescences and the number of flowers per inflorescence; the character and color of the bracteoles; the presence or absence of the flower pedicels; the shape of the mature flower buds; the shape, color, and texture of the sepals; the shape, character, and the presence or absence of hairs of the petals; the number of stamens per flower; the size of the fruits; the color and size of the hypocotyls; the color and diameter of the cotyledonous cylindrical tubes; and the color of the colleters and exudate. The thick cuticles, sunken stomata, large hypodermal cells, and cork warts are adaptive anatomical features of leaves in Rhizophora that live in the mangrove environments. The pollen grains of Thai Rhizophora species are tricolporate, prolate spheroidal or oblate spheroidal shapes, small-sized, and reticulate exine sculpturing.","['D013785', 'D043982', 'D017753', 'D018515']"
38952339,Using RNA sequencing to unravel molecular changes underlying the defense response in chickpea induced by Phytophthora medicaginis.,"Phytophthora root rot (PRR), caused by Phytophthora medicaginis, is a major soil-borne disease of chickpea in Australia. Breeding for PRR resistance is an effective approach to avoid significant yield loss. Genetic resistance has been identified in cultivated chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and in the wild relative C. echinospermum, with previous studies identifying independent genetic loci associated with each of these sources. However, the molecular mechanisms associated with PRR resistance are not known. RNA sequencing analysis employed in this study identified changes in gene expression in roots of three chickpea genotypes grown hydroponically, early post-infection with P. medicaginis zoospores. Analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEG) identified the activation of a higher number of non-specific R-genes in a PRR-susceptible variety than in the resistant genotypes, suggesting a whole plant resistance response occurring in chickpea against the pathogen. Contrasting molecular changes in signaling profiles, proteolysis and transcription factor pathways were observed in the cultivated and wild Cicer-derived resistant genotypes. DEG patterns supported a hypothesis that increased root elongation and reduced adventitious root formation limit the pathogen entry points in the genotype containing the wild Cicer source of PRR resistance. Candidate resistance genes, including an aquaporin and a maltose transporter in the wild Cicer source and GDSL esterases/lipases in the cultivated source of resistance, were oppositely regulated. Increased knowledge of these genes and pathways will improve our understanding of molecular mechanisms controlling PRR resistance in chickpea, and support the development of elite chickpea varieties through molecular breeding approaches.","['D029863', 'D010838', 'D010935', 'D060467', 'D018506', 'D017423', 'D018517', 'D005838']"
38951552,Analysis of banana plant health using machine learning techniques.,"The Indian economy is greatly influenced by the Banana Industry, necessitating advancements in agricultural farming. Recent research emphasizes the imperative nature of addressing diseases that impact Banana Plants, with a particular focus on early detection to safeguard production. The urgency of early identification is underscored by the fact that diseases predominantly affect banana plant leaves. Automated systems that integrate machine learning and deep learning algorithms have proven to be effective in predicting diseases. This manuscript examines the prediction and detection of diseases in banana leaves, exploring various diseases, machine learning algorithms, and methodologies. The study makes a contribution by proposing two approaches for improved performance and suggesting future research directions. In summary, the objective is to advance understanding and stimulate progress in the prediction and detection of diseases in banana leaves. The need for enhanced disease identification processes is highlighted by the results of the survey. Existing models face a challenge due to their lack of rotation and scale invariance. While algorithms such as random forest and decision trees are less affected, initially convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is considered for disease prediction. Though the Convolutional Neural Network models demonstrated impressive accuracy in many research but it lacks in invariance to scale and rotation. Moreover, it is observed that due its inherent design it cannot be combined with feature extraction methods to identify the banana leaf diseases. Due to this reason two alternative models that combine ANN with scale-invariant Feature transform (SIFT) model or histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) combined with local binary patterns (LBP) model are suggested. The first model ANN with SIFT identify the disease by using the activation functions to process the features extracted by the SIFT by distinguishing the complex patterns. The second integrate the combined features of HOG and LBP to identify the disease thus by representing the local pattern and gradients in an image. This paves a way for the ANN to learn and identify the banana leaf disease. Moving forward, exploring datasets in video formats for disease detection in banana leaves through tailored machine learning algorithms presents a promising avenue for research.","['D028521', 'D000069550', 'D010935', 'D016571', 'D018515', 'D000465']"
38951551,A comprehensive phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of Spanish groundnuts from diverse crosses to identify superior and stable donors for fresh seed dormancy.,"Breeding high yielding groundnut cultivars with 2-3 weeks of fresh seed dormancy, particularly in Spanish-type cultivars, enhances the sustainability of agriculture in groundnuts. In this context, we conducted a comprehensive phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of advanced breeding lines developed in the genetic background of Spanish types. By employing multi-phenotyping and marker data, we identified PBS 15044, 16004, 16013, 16015, 16016, 16017, 16020, 16021, 16026, 16031, 16035, 16037, 16038, 16039, 16041, and 16042 with 2-3 weeks dormancy (> 90%).The various parametric and non-parametric estimates identified the stable fresh dormant genotypes with one or more superior economic trait. PBS 16021, 15044, 16038, and 16039 identified with high hundred pod weight (HPW) were also reported having high intensity of dormancy (> 90% for up to 3 weeks); PBS 15044, 16016, PBS 16038 and PBS 16039 with high hundred kernel weight (HKW) also reported with up to 3 weeks fresh seed dormancy; and PBS 16013, 16031, and 16038 with up to 3 weeks fresh seed dormancy had high shelling percentage (SP). They can be used to develop lines with the desired level of dormancy, and high yields, by designing appropriate breeding strategies.","['D057445', 'D010641', 'D005838', 'D000069600', 'D012639', 'D013030', 'D010367', 'D003433']"
38951138,Benefits and limits of biological nitrification inhibitors for plant nitrogen uptake and the environment.,"Plant growth and high yields are secured by intensive use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer, which, however, pollutes the environment, especially when N is in the form of nitrate. Ammonium is oxidized to nitrate by nitrifiers, but roots can release biological nitrification inhibitors (BNIs). Under what conditions does root-exudation of BNIs facilitate nitrogen N uptake and reduce pollution by N loss to the environment? We modeled the spatial-temporal dynamics of nitrifiers, ammonium, nitrate, and BNIs around a root and simulated root N uptake and net rhizosphere N loss over the plant's life cycle. We determined the sensitivity of N uptake and loss to variations in the parameter values, testing a broad range of soil-plant-microbial conditions, including concentrations, diffusion, sorption, nitrification, population growth, and uptake kinetics. An increase in BNI exudation reduces net N loss and, under most conditions, increases plant N uptake. BNIs decrease uptake in the case of (1) low ammonium concentrations, (2) high ammonium adsorption to the soil, (3) rapid nitrate- or slow ammonium uptake by the plant, and (4) a slowly growing or (5) fast-declining nitrifier population. Bactericidal inhibitors facilitate uptake more than bacteriostatic ones. Some nitrification, however, is necessary to maximize uptake by both ammonium and nitrate transporter systems. An increase in BNI exudation should be co-selected with improved ammonium uptake. BNIs can reduce N uptake, which may explain why not all species exude BNIs but have a generally positive effect on the environment by increasing rhizosphere N retention.","['D058465', 'D009584', 'D018517', 'D012988', 'D009566', 'D010944', 'D064751', 'D012987', 'D058441', 'D005308']"
38949309,Inoculating and Observing Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Cultures on Superabsorbent Polymer-Based Autotrophic Systems.,"Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are difficult to manipulate and observe due to their permanent association with plant roots and propagation in the rhizosphere. Typically, AM fungi are cultured under in vivo conditions in pot culture with an autotrophic host or under in vitro conditions with Ri Transfer-DNA transformed roots (heterotrophic host) in a Petri dish. Additionally, the cultivation of AM fungi in pot culture occurs in an opaque and non-sterile environment. In contrast, in vitro culture involves the propagation of AM fungi in a sterile, transparent environment. The superabsorbent polymer-based autotrophic system (SAP-AS) has recently been developed and shown to combine the advantages of both methods while avoiding their respective limitations (opacity and heterotrophic host, sterility). Here, we present a detailed protocol for easy preparation, single spore inoculation, and observation of AM fungi in SAP-AS. By modifying the Petri dishes, high-resolution photographic and video observations were possible on living specimens, which would have been difficult or impossible with current in vivo and in vitro techniques.","['D038821', 'D011108', 'D052818', 'D018517']"
38948218,"Influence of leaf inclination angle and tillering on population transpiration, soil evaporation, and yield in winter wheat near-isogenic lines.","Leaf inclination angle (LIA) and tillering impact the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) population canopy structure. Understanding their effects on water use (WU) parameters and yield can guide water-saving strategies through population control. In this study, six near-isogenic lines (NILs) and their parents were selected as materials. These special materials were characterized by varying tillering at the current sowing density, a similar genetic background, and, particularly, a gradient in mean flag leaf LIA. The investigation focused on the jointing to early grain-filling stage, the peak water requirement period of wheat crops. Population-scale transpiration (PT) and evaporation from the soil surface (E) were partitioned from total evapotranspiration (ET) by the means of micro-lysimeters. The results showed decreased PT, E, and ET with increased population density (PD) within a narrow density range derived from varying tillering across genotypes. Significant correlations existed between PD and ET, E, and PT, especially in the wettest 2017-2018 growing season. Within such narrow PD range, all the correlations between WU parameters and PD were negative, although some correlations were not statistically significant, thereby suggesting the population structure's predominant impact. No significant correlation existed between LIA and both ET and PT within the LIA range of 35°-65°. However, significant correlations occurred between LIA and E in two growing seasons. Genotypes with similar LIA but different PD produced varied ET; while with similar PD, the four pairs of genotypes with different LIA each consumed similar ET, thus highlighting PD's more crucial role in regulating ET. The yield increased with higher LIA, and showed a significant correlation, emphasizing the LIA's significant effect on yield. However, no correlation was observed with PD, indicating the minor effect of tillering at the current sowing density. Therefore these results might offer valuable insights for breeding water-saving cultivars and optimizing population structures for effective field water conservation.","['D014908', 'D018515', 'D018526', 'D012987', 'D012621', 'D014867', 'D005838']"
38948208,Evaluation of genetic variation and host resistance to wheat stem rust pathogen (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties grown in Türkiye.,"Wheat stem rust, which is caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), is a highly destructive disease that affects wheat crops on a global scale. In this study, the reactions of 150 bread wheat varieties were evaluated for natural Pgt infection at the adult-plant stage in the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 growing seasons, and they were analyzed using specific molecular markers to detect stem rust resistance genes (Sr22, Sr24, Sr25, Sr26, Sr31, Sr38, Sr50, and Sr57). Based on phenotypic data, the majority of the varieties (62%) were resistant or moderately resistant to natural Pgt infection. According to molecular results, it was identified that Sr57 was present in 103 varieties, Sr50 in nine varieties, Sr25 in six varieties, and Sr22, Sr31, and Sr38 in one variety each. Additionally, their combinations Sr25 + Sr50, Sr31 + Sr57, Sr38 + Sr50, and Sr38 + Sr57 were detected in these varieties. On the other hand, Sr24 and Sr26 were not identified. In addition, many varieties had low stem rust scores, including a large minority that lacked Sr57. These varieties must have useful resistance to stem rust and could be the basis for selecting greater, possibly durable resistance.","['D014908', 'D010935', 'D060467', 'D000084643', 'D014644', 'D018547', 'D017343', 'D001487']"
38945803,ZmWRKY30 modulates drought tolerance in maize by influencing myo-inositol and reactive oxygen species homeostasis.,"Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important food crop with a wide range of uses in both industry and agriculture. Drought stress during its growth cycle can greatly reduce maize crop yield and quality. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying maize responses to drought stress remain unclear. In this work, a WRKY transcription factor-encoding gene, ZmWRKY30, from drought-treated maize leaves was screened out and characterized. ZmWRKY30 gene expression was induced by dehydration treatments. The ZmWRKY30 protein localized to the nucleus and displayed transactivation activity in yeast. Compared with wild-type (WT) plants, Arabidopsis lines overexpressing ZmWRKY30 exhibited a significantly enhanced drought stress tolerance, as evidenced by the improved survival rate, increased antioxidant enzyme activity by superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), elevated proline content, and reduced lipid peroxidation recorded after drought stress treatment. In contrast, the mutator (Mu)-interrupted ZmWRKY30 homozygous mutant (zmwrky30) was more sensitive to drought stress than its null segregant (NS), characterized by the decreased survival rate, reduced antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, POD, and CAT) and proline content, as well as increased malondialdehyde accumulation. RNA-Seq analysis further revealed that, under drought conditions, the knockout of the ZmWRKY30 gene in maize affected the expression of genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS), proline, and myo-inositol metabolism. Meanwhile, the zmwrky30 mutant exhibited significant downregulation of myo-inositol content in leaves under drought stress. Combined, our results suggest that ZmWRKY30 positively regulates maize responses to water scarcity. This work provides potential target genes for the breeding of drought-tolerant maize.","['D003313', 'D017382', 'D055864', 'D010940', 'D018506', 'D006706', 'D007294', 'D014157', 'D017360', 'D030821', 'D013312', 'D000975', 'D018515', 'D000091902']"
38945627,An insight into trichomes-deficiency and trichomes-rich black teas by comparative metabolomics: The impact of oxidized trichomes on metabolic profiles and infusion color.,"Tea trichomes were regarded as an essential evaluation index for reflecting tea flavor quality in terms of aroma and influence on infusion color. This study reveals the impact of golden oxidized trichomes on the color, volatile and non-volatile metabolites of black teas through comparative metabolomics combined quantitative analysis on hongbiluo (trichomes-deficiency black teas), hongjinluo (trichomes-rich black teas), and trichomes (from hongjinluo). Forty-six volatile components were detected using headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, while the results suggested that the contribution of trichomes to black teas is limited. A total of 60 marker non-volatile compounds were identified, including catechins, catechin oxidation products, flavonoid glycosides, organic acids, hydrolysable tannins and amino acids. Notably, p-coumaroyl-kaempferol glucosides, and catechin dimers demonstrated high levels in independent trichomes and showed a positive correlation with the brightness and yellow hue of black tea infusions, specifically kaempferol 3-O-di-(p-coumaroyl)-hexoside. Furthermore, results from fractional extraction analysis of separated trichomes provided that N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-substituted epicatechin gallates, acylated kaempferol glycosides, and chromogenic catechins dimers, such as theaflavins, were primary color contributors in oxidized trichomes. Especially, we found that epicatechin gallate (ECG) and its derivates, 3'-O-methyl-ECG and N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-substituted ECG, highly accumulated in trichomes, which may be associated with the varieties of hongbiluo and hongjinluo black teas. Eventually, addition tests were applied to verify the color contribution of trichome mixtures. Our findings employed comprehensive information revealing that golden oxidized trichomes contributed significantly to the brightness and yellow hue of black tea infusion, but their contribution to the aroma and metabolic profile is limited. These findings may contribute to the effective modulation of the infusion color during black tea production by regulating the proportion of tea trichomes or screening trichomes-rich or deficiency varieties.","['D055432', 'D013662', 'D008401', 'D028241', 'D055549', 'D003116', 'D010084', 'D064201', 'D002392', 'D052617', 'D018515', 'D055442', 'D005419']"
38945622,Intermolecular copigmentation of anthocyanins with phenolic compounds improves color stability in the model and real blueberry fermented beverage.,"To improve the color stability of anthocyanins (ACNs) in blueberry fermented beverage, the intermolecular copigmentation between ACNs and 3 different phenolic compounds, including (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), ferulic acid (FA), and gallic acid (GA) as copigments, was compared in the model and the real blueberry fermented beverage, respectively. The copigmented ACNs by EGCG presented a high absorbance (0.34 a.u.) and redness (27.09 ± 0.17) in the model blueberry fermented beverage. The copigmentation by the participation of the 3 different phenolic compounds showed all a spontaneous exothermic reaction, and the Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) of the system was lowest (-5.90 kJ/mol) using EGCG as copigment. Furthermore, the molecular docking model verified that binary complexes formed between ACNs and copigments by hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking. There was a high absorbance (1.02 a.u.), percentage polymeric color (PC%, 68.3 %), and good color saturation (C*ab, 43.28) in the real blueberry fermented beverage aged for 90 days, and more malvidin-3-O-glucoside had been preserved in the wine using EGCG as copigment. This finding may guide future industrial production of blueberry fermented beverage with improved color.","['D000872', 'D029798', 'D005285', 'D003373', 'D062105', 'D005707', 'D010636', 'D003116', 'D002392', 'D000067030', 'D005638']"
38945621,"Insights into digestibility, biological activity, and peptide profiling of flaxseed protein isolates treated by ultrasound coupled with alkali cycling.","This study aims to investigate the effects of ultrasound coupled with alkali cycling on the structural properties, digestion characteristics, biological activity, and peptide profiling of flaxseed protein isolates (FPI). The digestibility of FPI obtained by ultrasound coupled with pH 10/12 cycling (UFPI-10/12) (74.56 % and 79.12 %) was significantly higher than that of native FPI (64.40 %), and UFPI-10 showed higher hydrolysis degree (35.76 %) than FPI (30.65 %) after intestinal digestion. The combined treatment induced transition from α-helix to β-sheet with an orderly structure. Large FPI aggregates broke down into small-sized FPI particles, which induced the increase of specific surface area of particles. This might expose more cutting sites and contact area with enzymes. Furthermore, UFPI-10 showed high antioxidant activity (29.18 %) and lipid-lowering activity (70.52 %). Peptide profiling revealed that UFPI-10 exhibited a higher proportion of 300-600 Da peptides and significantly higher abundance of antioxidant peptides than native FPI, which might promote its antioxidant activity. Those results suggest that the combined treatment is a promising modification method to improve the digestion characteristics and biological activity of FPI. This work provides new ideas for widespread use of FPI as an active stabilizer in food systems.","['D019597', 'D004063', 'D010455', 'D000975', 'D010940', 'D000468', 'D006863', 'D006868', 'D012639', 'D005511', 'D000069453']"
38945606,Acerola processing waste: Convective drying with ethanol as pretreatment.,"The acerola seed is an agro-industrial waste. It is a high moisture content product, rich in bioactive compounds. Drying is an alternative to make this waste available in a safe condition. The use of ethanol as a pretreatment could improve the drying process besides reducing the operation time. This study aimed to investigate the influence of ethanol pretreatment (ET) on the content of bioactive compounds, cell wall thickness, and color. The drying kinetics was studied, and the influence of external and internal resistance was discussed. The samples were immersed in ethanol for 2 min with subsequent convective drying (40 °C and 60 °C; 1 m s-1) until they reached the equilibrium condition. The ET reduced the drying time up to 36.36 %. The external and mixed control of mass transfer were identified as the governing regimes for drying this material, depending on the use of ethanol. ET led to an increase in effective diffusivity, a reduction in cell wall thickness, and preservation of the color of the dried waste. The ET positively impacted the conservation of ascorbic acid compared to untreated dried samples but was not relevant to phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and antioxidant activity. The drying process increased the bioactivity of the anthocyanins. The best condition was drying at 60 °C, pretreated with ethanol.","['D000431', 'D003890', 'D000975', 'D012639', 'D029581', 'D007220', 'D000872', 'D005511', 'D001205', 'D007700', 'D010636']"
38945594,Mitigating fungal contamination of cereals: The efficacy of microplasma-based far-UVC lamps against Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium graminearum.,"Fungal contaminations of cereal grains are a profound food-safety and food-security concern worldwide, threatening consumers' and animals' health and causing enormous economic burdens. Because far-ultraviolet C (far-UVC) light at 222 nm has recently been shown to be human-safe, we investigated its efficacy as an alternative to thermal, chemical, and conventional 254 nm UVC anti-fungal treatments. Our microplasma-based far-UVC lamp system achieved a 5.21-log reduction in the conidia of Aspergillus flavus suspended in buffer with a dose of 1032.0 mJ/cm2, and a 5.11-log reduction of Fusarium graminearum conidia in suspension with a dose of 619.2 mJ/cm2. We further observed that far-UVC treatments could induce fungal-cell apoptosis, alter mitochondrial membrane potential, lead to the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, cause lipid peroxidation, and result in cell-membrane damage. The lamp system also exhibited a potent ability to inhibit the mycelial growth of both A. flavus and F. graminearum. On potato dextrose agar plates, such growth was completely inhibited after doses of 576.0 mJ/cm2 and 460.8 mJ/cm2, respectively. To test our approach's efficacy at decontaminating actual cereal grains, we designed a cubical 3D treatment chamber fitted with six lamps. At a dose of 780.0 mJ/cm2 on each side, the chamber achieved a 1.88-log reduction of A. flavus on dried yellow corn kernels and a 1.11-log reduction of F. graminearum on wheat grains, without significant moisture loss to either cereal type (p > 0.05). The treatment did not cause significant changes in the propensity of wheat grains to germinate in the week following treatment (p > 0.05). However, it increased the germination propensity of corn kernels by more than 71% in the same timeframe (p < 0.05). Collectively, our results demonstrate that 222 nm far-UVC radiation can effectively inactivate fungal growth in liquid, on solid surfaces, and on cereal grains. If scalable, its emergence as a safe, cost-effective alternative tool for reducing fungi-related post-harvest cereal losses could have important positive implications for the fight against world hunger and food insecurity.","['D005670', 'D001231', 'D002523', 'D014466', 'D013172', 'D005506', 'D005514', 'D005516', 'D017382']"
38945570,Metabolomics comparison of four varieties apple with different browning characters in response to pretreatment during pulp processing.,"Browning commonly appeared in apple processing, which varied in different apple varieties. Present work investigated the metabolomics of four varieties apple of Yataka, Gala, Sansa, and Fuji, which possessed different browning characteristics and related enzymes. Sansa as browning insensitive apple variety, exhibited the least chroma change with the lowest PPO activity and the highest SOD activity among the four apple varieties. Browning inhibition pretreatment increased the activity of SOD and PAL and decreased PPO and POD activity. In addition, metabolomic variances among the four apple varieties (FC), their browning pulp (BR) and browning inhibition pulp (CM) were compared. And the key metabolites were in-depth analyzed to match the relevant KEGG pathways and speculated metabolic networks. There were 487, 644, and 494 significant differential metabolites detected in FC, BR and CM, which were consisted of lipids, benzenoids, phenylpropanoids, organheterocyclic compounds, organic acids, nucleosides, accounting for 23 %, 11 %, 15 %, 16 %, 11 % of the total metabolites. The differential metabolites were matched with 39, 49, and 36 KEGG pathways in FC, BR, and CM, respectively, in which other secondary metabolites biosynthesis metabolism was the most significant in FC, lipid metabolism was the most significant in BR and CM, and energy metabolism was markedly annotated in CM. Notably, Sansa displayed the highest number of differential metabolites in both its BR (484) and CM (342). The BR of Sansa was characterized by flavonoid biosynthesis, while the other three apple varieties were associated with α-linolenic acid metabolism. Furthermore, in browning sensitive apple varieties, the flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway was significantly activated by browning inhibition pretreatment. Phenolic compounds, lipids, sugars, organic acids, nucleotides, and adenosine were regulated differently in the four apple varieties, potentially serving as key regulatory sites. Overall, this work provides novel insight for browning prevention in different apple varieties.","['D027845', 'D055432', 'D005638', 'D005511', 'D015416']"
38945568,Aloe vera and tea polyphenols composite coating delays passion fruit senescence by promoting phenolic and flavonoid accumulation.,"Passion fruits are highly perishable during postharvest storage and transportation, prompting the exploration of natural preservatives. This study investigates the synergistic effects of Aloe vera (ALV) and tea polyphenols (TP) coatings on quality retention, ripening modulation, and associated regulatory mechanisms in stored ""golden"" passion fruit (Passiflora spp.) at 10 °C. The application of a composite coating comprising 40 % ALV and 0.1 g/L TP led to notable improvements in fruit preservation over a 28-day storage period. At the day of 28, quantitatively, the ALV + TP treatment reduced weight loss by 41.60 %, shrinkage index by 28.13 %, and decay index by 50 %, significantly outperforming the control and individual treatments; the treated fruits exhibited enhanced firmness, reduced ethylene production, and the respiration peak was delayed about 6 days. Metabolomic analysis revealed pronounced alterations in key metabolic pathways, notably phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis. Specifically, significant increases in metabolites such as phenolic acids (Feruloylmalic acid and Acropyrone) and flavonoids (Okanin-4'-O-glucoside, Apigenin-8-C-Arabinoside, Quercetin-3-O- (2'-O-galloyl) galactoside, and Catechin callate) were observed. Concurrently, transcript levels of key biosynthetic genes including cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (PeC4H), 4-coumarate-coenzyme a ligase (PeC4L), hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (PeHCT) and flavonol synthase (PeFLS) were significantly up-regulated by ALV + TP coating, indicating a robust activation of these pathways. The findings underscore the effectiveness of the ALV + TP composite coating as an environmentally friendly strategy for enhancing postharvest quality by promoting the accumulation of beneficial phenolic acids and flavonoids in passion fruits.","['D059808', 'D005419', 'D005638', 'D029598', 'D000504', 'D010636', 'D061353', 'D013662', 'D005519']"
38945559,Investigation of the formation of furfural compounds in apple products treated with pasteurization and high pressure processing.,"The thermal treatment carried out in the processing of apple products is very likely to induce Maillard reaction to produce furfurals, which have raised toxicological concerns. This study aimed to elucidate the formation of furfural compounds in apple products treated with pasteurization and high pressure processing (HPP). The method for simultaneous determination of five furfural compounds including 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF), furfural (F), 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (HDMF), 2-acetylfuran (FMC), and 5-Methyl-2-furfural (MF) using high performance liquid chromatography equipped with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was successfully developed and validated. All five furfurals exhibited an increasing trend after the pasteurization treatment of apple clear juice, cloudy juice, and puree. 5-HMF, F, FMC, and MF were increased significantly during the precooking of apple puree. Whereas there was no significant change in the furfurals formation after apple products treated with high pressure processing (HPP) with 300 MPa and 15 min. Based on the variation of the fructose, glucose and sucrose detected in apple products after thermal treatment, it revealed that the saccharides and thermal treatment have great effect on the furfural compounds formation. The commercial fruit juice samples with different treatments and fruit puree samples treated with pasteurization were also analyzed. Five furfurals were detected more frequently in the fruit juice samples treated with pasteurization or ultra-high temperature instantaneous sterilization (UHT) than those treated with HPP. 5-HMF and FMC were detected in all fruit puree samples treated with pasteurization, followed by F, MF, and HDMF with the detection rate of 79.31 %, 72.41 %, and 51.72 %. The results could provide a reference for risk assessment of furfural compounds and dietary guidance of fruit products for human, especially for infants and young children. Moreover, moderate HPP treatment with 300 MPa and 15 min would be a worthwhile alternative processing technology in the fruit juice and puree production to reduce the formation of furfural compounds.","['D027845', 'D005662', 'D061352', 'D011312', 'D002851', 'D000067030', 'D005511', 'D015416', 'D005638', 'D005663']"
38945555,Seasonal dynamics of the microbiota and nutritional composition in bee bread from Apis cerana and Apis mellifera colonies.,"Bee bread is a product of honeybees, which collect and ferment pollen, that contains highly nutritious and easily digestible active substances. However, its nutritional composition varies significantly with fermentation strains and seasonal changes. To unveil the patterns of microbial community and nutritional component changes in bee bread across seasons, we employed high-throughput techniques to assess the diversity of bacteria and fungi in bee bread. The results indicated that the compositions of bacteria and fungi in bee bread undergo significant seasonal variation, with noticeable changes in the microbial diversity of bee bread from different bee species. Subsequently, metabolomic analysis revealed high activity of glycerophospholipid metabolism in bee bread. Furthermore, our analysis identifaied noteworthy differences in nutritional components, including pH values, sugar content, and free amino acid levels, in bee bread across different seasons.","['D001516', 'D000818', 'D012621', 'D064307', 'D009753', 'D001419', 'D005285', 'D000596', 'D005658', 'D011058', 'D001939', 'D006863', 'D055432']"
38944702,Influence of Black pepper (Piper nigrum L) Seed Extract in Methanol against Gram Positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-Negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa.,"Antibiotics' usefulness is threatened by multi-drugs resistance in harmful microorganisms because of abuse and regulatory problems. Emerging microbes, resistance mechanisms and antimicrobial drugs all require extensive investigation. Evaluation of the in vitro antibacterial activity of Methanolic extracts isolated from Black pepper seeds (Piper nigrum L.) against two infection causing pathogens, Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa. From July 2022 and June 2023, this experimental study was conducted at the Mymensingh Medical College's Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in conjunction with the Department of Microbiology. The solvents Methanol and 10.0% Di-Methyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) were used to make the extract. Using the disc diffusion and broth dilution methods, the antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of black pepper seeds (MBPE) was evaluated at various doses. Using the broth dilution procedure, the conventional antibiotic Ciprofloxacin was utilized, and the outcome was contrasted with that of Methanol extracts. Methanolic extract of black pepper seeds (MBPE) at seven distinct concentrations (100, 80, 60, 40, 20, 10 and 5mg/ml) were utilized, then later in chosen concentrations as needed to confirm the extracts' more precise margin of antimicrobial sensitivity. At 80mg/ml and above doses of the MBPE, it had an inhibitory impact against the aforementioned microorganisms. For Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa the MIC were 60 and 70mg/ml in MBPE respectively. As of the MIC of Ciprofloxacin was 1μg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus and 1.5μg/ml for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In comparison to MICs of MBPE for the test organisms, the MIC of Ciprofloxacin was the lowest. This study clearly shows that Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are sensitive to the methanolic extract of black pepper seeds' antibacterial properties.","['D029222', 'D011550', 'D010936', 'D013211', 'D012639', 'D000900', 'D008826', 'D000432']"
38943615,"Efficacy of quercetin-like compounds from the mistletoe plant of Dendrophthoe pentandra L. Miq, as oral random blood sugar lowering treatment in diabetic rats.","Background: Mistletoe is an herb that grows on duku plants (Lancium demosticum) and is known as benalu duku (BD) in Indonesia. It is predicted to have benefits such as anticancer or antiviral properties, and it is also thought to have anti-diabetic pharmacological activity. Quercetin-like compounds (QLCs) are secondary metabolites with antidiabetic activity that are expected to lower blood sugar levels in animals after oral administration. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the ability of QLCs to reduce random blood sugar levels using experimental animals as clinical models. Material and methods: The research method used was exploratory, which used a before-after test model, and observations were made on the random blood sugar levels after treatment. Secondary metabolites were extracted from BD leaves, which were then screened. Diabetes was induced in 30 rats (Rattus norvegicus) by the administration of streptozotocin at 0.045 mg/g body weight daily for 2 days. The antidiabetic effects of the secondary metabolite at doses of 0.5 mg/kg body weight (twice a day) when administered orally for up to 5 days were tested in diabetic rats. The random sugar levels (mg/dL) were measured using a One Touch Ultra Plus medical device for observation of randomized blood sugar levels. Results and novelty: The results revealed that the secondary metabolite, as an analyte from the BD leaf extract, can significantly reduce random blood sugar levels. Conclusion: The secondary metabolite extracted from BD, could be used to treat diabetes in rats.","['D000818', 'D003921', 'D051381', 'D007004', 'D011794', 'D001786', 'D008297', 'D010936', 'D014784', 'D000284', 'D018515']"
38943157,Identifying the barriers and facilitators to fruit and vegetable consumption in rural Australian adults: a mixed methods analysis.,"Low fruit and vegetable consumption is a leading contributor to non-communicable disease risk. However, understanding of barriers and facilitators to fruit and vegetable intake in rural settings is limited. This study used a mixed methods approach to determine the barriers and facilitators to increasing fruit and vegetable intake in rural Australian adults and to identify if these varied by gender.","['D006801', 'D014675', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D005638', 'D008875', 'D012424', 'D000328', 'D004032', 'D014739', 'D005247', 'D001315', 'D000368']"
38943139,Reduction in vertical transmission rate of bean common mosaic virus in bee-pollinated common bean plants.,"Vertical transmission, the transfer of pathogens across generations, is a critical mechanism for the persistence of plant viruses. The transmission mechanisms are diverse, involving direct invasion through the suspensor and virus entry into developing gametes before achieving symplastic isolation. Despite the progress in understanding vertical virus transmission, the environmental factors influencing this process remain largely unexplored. We investigated the complex interplay between vertical transmission of plant viruses and pollination dynamics, focusing on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The intricate relationship between plants and pollinators, especially bees, is essential for global ecosystems and crop productivity. We explored the impact of virus infection on seed transmission rates, with a particular emphasis on bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV), and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Under controlled growth conditions, BCMNV exhibited the highest seed transmission rate, followed by BCMV and CMV. Notably, in the field, bee-pollinated BCMV-infected plants showed a reduced transmission rate compared to self-pollinated plants. This highlights the influence of pollinators on virus transmission dynamics. The findings demonstrate the virus-specific nature of seed transmission and underscore the importance of considering environmental factors, such as pollination, in understanding and managing plant virus spread.","['D000818', 'D010935', 'D001516', 'D027805', 'D054817', 'D012639', 'D018445', 'D017799', 'D017800']"
38943100,WRKY transcription factors modulate flowering time in four Arachis species: a bioinformatics analysis.,"WRKY proteins are important transcription factors (TFs) in plants, involved in growth and development and responses to environmental changes. Although WRKY TFs have been studied at the genome level in Arachis genus, including oil crop and turfgrass, their regulatory networks in controlling flowering time remain unclear. The aim of this study was to predict the molecular mechanisms of WRKY TFs regulation flowering time in Arachis genus at the genome level using bioinformatics approaches.","['D014157', 'D035264', 'D019295', 'D010940', 'D010367', 'D018506', 'D053263']"
38943067,Molecular genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium structure of the Egyptian faba bean using Single Primer Enrichment Technology (SPET).,"Faba bean is an important legume crop. The genetic diversity among faba bean genotypes is very important for the genetic improvement of target traits. A set of 128 fab bean genotypes that are originally from Egypt were used in this study to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure. The 128 genotypes were genotyped using the Single Primer Enrichment Technology (SPET) by which a set of 6759 SNP markers were generated after filtration. The SNP markers were distributed on all chromosomes with a range extending from 822 (Chr. 6) to 1872 (Chr.1). The SNP markers had wide ranges of polymorphic information content (PIC), gene diversity (GD), and minor allele frequency. The analysis of population structure divided the Egyptian faba bean population into five subpopulations. Considerable genetic distance was found among all genotypes, ranging from 0.1 to 0.4. The highly divergent genotype was highlighted in this study and the genetic distance among genotypes ranged from 0.1 and 0.6. Moreover, the structure of linkage disequilibrium was studied, and the analysis revealed a low level of LD in the Egyptian faba bean population. A slow LD decay at the genomic and chromosomal levels was observed. Interestingly, the distribution of haplotype blocks was presented in each chromosome and the number of haplotype block ranged from 65 (Chr. 4) to 156 (Chr. 1). Migration and genetic drift are the main reasons for the low LD in the Egyptian faba bean population. The results of this study shed light on the possibility of the genetic improvement of faba bean crop in Egypt and conducting genetic association analyses to identify candidate genes associated with target traits (e.g. protein content, grain yield, etc.) in this panel.","['D031307', 'D015810', 'D020641', 'D004534', 'D014644', 'D005838', 'D006239', 'D032461']"
38942921,Pre-treatment of Cucurbita maxima 'Hokkaido orange' by Viscum album aqueous extracts in search of allelopathic potential.,"Viscum album L. (VA) is a unique plant with regard to its biological content. It is rich in many different metabolites with high potential in various spheres of human activity. We conducted a pilot study with 5 VA aqueous extracts of different host-tree species for pre-sowing treatment of Cucurbita maxima 'Hokkaido orange' seeds. We set the following objectives consisting of hypotheses (1) H01 is based on different effects of tested VA extracts depending on host trees and time of pre-treatment; (2) H02 focuses on the allopathic properties of the tested extracts affecting the plant growth and development by dose-response relationship; (3) A01 considers highly biologically active compounds of VA extracts also containing allelochemicals that can be used to regulate plant growth processes and create eco-friendly and resilient cities. The analysis of the stimulatory allelopathy index for 7 parameters demonstrates the direct effect of VA extracts in 62.3% of cases. The variability of the broad spectrum of effects of VA extracts of different host trees on the ontogenesis of C. maxima plants shows the presence of potential allelochemicals, resulting from the vital products of the host-parasite relationship. These effects are not fully explained by total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity as in previous studies of other mistletoe species. The authors consider this work a pilot study that expands the areas of application of VA extracts and knowledge about potential sources of allelochemicals.","['D028464', 'D010936', 'D028182', 'D064089', 'D010865', 'D010675', 'D012639']"
38941453,Twilight length alters growth and flowering time in Arabidopsis via LHY/CCA1.,"Decades of research have uncovered how plants respond to two environmental variables that change across latitudes and over seasons: photoperiod and temperature. However, a third such variable, twilight length, has so far gone unstudied. Here, using controlled growth setups, we show that the duration of twilight affects growth and flowering time via the LHY/CCA1 clock genes in the model plant Arabidopsis. Using a series of progressively truncated no-twilight photoperiods, we also found that plants are more sensitive to twilight length compared to equivalent changes in solely photoperiods. Transcriptome and proteome analyses showed that twilight length affects reactive oxygen species metabolism, photosynthesis, and carbon metabolism. Genetic analyses suggested a twilight sensing pathway from the photoreceptors PHY E, PHY B, PHY D, and CRY2 through LHY/CCA1 to flowering modulation through the GI-FT pathway. Overall, our findings call for more nuanced models of day-length perception in plants and posit that twilight is an important determinant of plant growth and development.","['D017360', 'D035264', 'D029681', 'D017440', 'D018506', 'D014157', 'D017382', 'D010788', 'D056931']"
38941401,Diet and risk for acute tubulointerstitial nephritis.,"Uncertainty exists regarding the association between diet and acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. Dietary factors served as exposures, including intake of alcohol, beef, non-oily fish, fresh fruit, oily fish, dried fruit, coffee, salad/raw vegetable, cereal, tea, water, salt, cooked vegetable, cheese, poultry, pork, Lamb/mutton, bread, and processed meat were extracted from the UK Biobank. Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis served as the outcome extracted from the FinnGen biobank. The 3 main methods of this analysis were weighted median, inverse-variance-weighted (IVW), and MR-Egger methods. The heterogeneity was measured employing Cochran Q test. The MR-PRESSO method was employed to identify possible outliers. The robustness of the IVW method was evaluated by employing the leave-one-out analysis. According to the IVW method, processed meat intake (OR = 0.485; P = .00152), non-oily fish intake (OR = 0.396; P = .0454), oily fish intake (OR = 0.612; P = .00161), and dried fruit intake (OR = 0.536; P = .00648) reduced the risk of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. Other dietary factors were not shown to be causally related to acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. This study revealed that intake of processed meat, non-oily fish, oily fish, and dried fruit all decreased the risk of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis.","['D006801', 'D009395', 'D004032', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D012307', 'D006113', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D005638']"
38941336,Fruit flavors in electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) are associated with nocturnal dry cough: A population longitudinal analysis.,"Evidence from in vitro and animal models has identified the pulmonary toxicity of flavors in electronic cigarettes (ECIGs); however, less is known from epidemiological studies about the effects of flavors in the respiratory health. This study examined the longitudinal association between exposure to ECIGs flavors and nocturnal dry cough among ECIGs users. A secondary analysis of data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (2014-2019) was conducted. The study population included adults who provided information (n = 18,925) for a total of 38,638 observations. Weighted-incidence estimates and weighted- generalized estimating equation models were performed to assess unadjusted and adjusted associations. The weighted incidence proportion (WIP) of nocturnal dry cough was significantly higher among current (WIP:16.6%; 95%CI 10.5, 21.2) and former fruit flavored ECIGs users (WIP:16.6%; 95%CI 11.3, 21.9) as compared to non-ECIGs users (WIP:11.1%; 95%CI 10.6, 11.6). Current ECIGs users of fruit flavors showed 40% higher risk of reporting cough than non-ECIGs users (aRR:1.40, 95%CI 1.01, 1.94). Former ECIGs users of multiple flavors and other flavors had 300% and 66% higher risk to develop cough, respectively (aRR:3.33, 95%CI 1.51, 7.34 and aRR:1.66, 95%CI 1.0.9, 2.51), relative to non-ECIGs users. We observed a significantly higher risk of developing nocturnal dry cough in the past 12 months in current and former ECIGs users of fruit flavors and in former ECIGs users of multiple flavors. To the extent that cough may serve as an early indicator of respiratory inflammation and potential disease risk, the association between ECIGs use and cough raises potential concerns.","['D006801', 'D066300', 'D003371', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D008137', 'D005638', 'D005421', 'D000368', 'D055815', 'D015994']"
38941322,The potential of X-ray computed tomography for xylological and dendrochronological analyses of Egyptian mummy labels.,"X-ray computed tomography (XRCT) imaging allows non-destructive visualization of the structure of various materials. Applied to wooden objects, it allows determination of their morphologies or manufacturing techniques, but also measurement of growth ring widths. We have applied XRCT to a selection of 38 mummy labels. This funerary furniture, made up of endemic or imported tree species, has survived thanks to environmental conditions in very large quantities in regions in Middle and Upper Egypt and is featured now in museum collections across the globe. Mummy labels thus represent a unique and abundant data source to build floating or absolutely dated dendrochronological chronologies for this period. Here we discuss the possible contributions and limitations of XRCT for the analysis of these artifacts and show that the approach allows identification of discriminating markers for the identification of certain species on the transverse plane, but that the insufficient resolution of the tangential and radial planes normally prevents formal identification of species. By contrast, XRCT undeniably enhances the visibility of toolmarks (in terms of numbers and depth), and thereby allows highlighting marks that remain invisible to the naked eye; XRCT also provides key insights into cutting methods and the calibers used and yields new information on silvicultural practices and the knowhow of Egyptian craftsmen. Finally, the measurement of ring widths on XRCT imagery is also more accurate than what can be achieved by traditional dendrochronological measurements, especially in the case of cuts realized on a slab. The approach also confirms the limited potential of local broadleaved species for dendrochronological approaches due to unreadable or poorly visible tree rings and mostly short tree-ring sequences.","['D004534', 'D014057', 'D009106', 'D014934', 'D014197', 'D006801']"
38941312,Identifying critical growth stage and resilient genotypes in cowpea under drought stress contributes to enhancing crop tolerance for improvement and adaptation in Cameroon.,"Drought stress following climate change is likely a scenario that will have to face crop growers in tropical regions. In mitigating this constraint, the best option should be the selection and use of resilient varieties that can withstand drought threats. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions at the Research and Teaching Farm of the Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences of the University of Dschang. The objectives are to identify sensitive growth stage, to identify drought-tolerant genotypes with the help of yield-based selection indices and to identify suitable selection indices that are associated with yield under non-stress and stress circumstances. Eighty-eight cowpea genotypes from the sahelian and western regions of Cameroon were subjected to drought stress at vegetative (VDS) and flowering (FDS) stages by withholding water for 28 days, using a split plot design with two factors and three replications. Seed yields under stress (Ys) and non-stress (Yp) conditions were recorded. Fifteen drought indices were calculated for the two drought stress levels against the yield from non-stress plants. Drought Intensity Index (DII) under VDS and FDS were 0.71 and 0.84 respectively, indicating severe drought stress for both stages. However, flowering stage was significantly more sensitive to drought stress compared to vegetative stage. Based on PCA and correlation analysis, Stress Tolerance Index (STI), Relative Efficiency Index (REI), Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP), Mean Productivity (MP), Yield Index (YI) and Harmonic Mean (HM) correlated strongly with yield under stress and non-stress conditions and are therefore suitable to discriminate high-yielding and tolerant genotypes under both stress and non-stress conditions. Either under VDS and FDS, CP-016 exhibited an outstanding performance under drought stress and was revealed as the most drought tolerant genotype as shown by ranking, PCA and cluster analysis. Taking into account all indices, the top five genotypes namely CP-016, CP-021, MTA-22, CP-056 and CP-060 were identified as the most drought-tolerant genotypes under VDS. For stress activated at flowering stage (FDS), CP-016, CP-056, CP-021, CP-028 and MTA-22 were the top five most drought-tolerant genotypes. Several genotypes with insignificant Ys and irrelevant rank among which CP-037, NDT-001, CP-036, CP-034, NDT-002, CP-031, NDT-011 were identified as highly drought sensitive with low yield stability. This study identified the most sensitive stage and drought tolerant genotypes that are proposed for genetic improvement of cowpea.","['D002163', 'D055864', 'D005838', 'D000070658', 'D000222', 'D013312', 'D018556', 'D012639']"
38941291,Recombinant Art v4.01 protein produces immunological tolerance by subcutaneous immunotherapy in a wormwood pollen-driven allergic asthma female mouse model.,"Art v4.01 is a well-known profilin protein belonging to the pan-allergens group and is commonly involved in triggering allergic asthma, polyallergy, and cross-sensitization. It is also referred to as Wormwood due to its origin. Crude wormwood extracts are applied for allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). Whether the recombinant Art v4.01 (rArt v4.01) can produce in vivo immunological tolerance by subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) remains elusive. In this study, to investigate the in vivo immunological response of rArt v4.01, Th2, Th1, Treg, Th17 type-related cytokines and phenotypes of immune cells were tested, facilitating the exploration of the underlying mechanisms. The expression and purification of Art v4.01 were carried out using recombinant techniques. Allergic asthma female BALB/c mice were induced by subcutaneous sensitization of wormwood pollen extract and intranasal challenges. SCIT without adjuvant was performed using the rArt v4.01 and wormwood pollen extract for 2 weeks. Following exposure to challenges, the levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), cytokines, and inflammatory cells were assessed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and histological examination of sera, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung tissue. These parameters were subsequently compared between treatment groups receiving rArt v4.01 and wormwood pollen extract. The rArt v4.01 protein was expressed, which had a high purity (>90%) and an allergenic potency. Compared with the pollen extract, rArt v4.01 was superior in terms of reducing the number of white blood cells (WBCs), total nucleated cells (TNCs), and monocytes (MNs) in BALF and the degree of lung inflammation (1.77±0.99 vs. 2.31±0.80, P > 0.05). Compared with the model group, only rArt v4.01 reduced serum IgE level (1.19±0.25 vs. 1.61±0.17 μg/ml, P = 0.062), as well as the levels of Th2 type-related cytokines (interleukin-4 (IL-4) (107.18±16.17 vs. 132.47±20.85 pg/ml, P < 0.05) and IL-2 (19.52±1.19 vs. 24.02±2.14 pg/ml, P < 0.05)). The study suggested that rArt v4.01 was superior to pollen extract in reducing the number of inflammatory cells in BALF, pneumonitis, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and serum IgE level. These findings confirmed that Art v4.01 could be a potential candidate protein for allergen-specific immunotherapy.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D001249', 'D051379', 'D008807', 'D004195', 'D007108', 'D011994', 'D016207', 'D007073', 'D011058', 'D003888', 'D000485', 'D051304', 'D001992', 'D007279']"
38941015,A Complete Metaproteomic Workflow for Arabidopsis Roots Inoculated by Synthetic Bacteria.,"Root metaproteome analysis can reveal the functions that govern plant-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions under specific environmental conditions. Efficient protein extraction method from microbes associated with plant roots is crucial for the comprehensive analysis of the metaproteome. In this chapter, a straightforward protein extraction method for roots of Arabidopsis inoculated with a microbial community that uses only milligrams of tissue is outlined. In addition, the plant inoculation using a synthetic community (SynCom) and the methods for a nanoflow liquid chromatography coupled to a high-resolution/high-accuracy mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) are described.","['D017360', 'D018517', 'D040901', 'D053719', 'D002853', 'D057188', 'D001419', 'D020543']"
38941013,Extraction of Proteins from Green Tissues of Plants and Phyllosphere.,"The proteomic approach plays a key role to characterize a biological system at any given time. In recent years, advances in proteomics have led to an increasing application in all biological fields, including plant matrices and associated microbiome studies. However, extracting adequate protein samples remains the most critical step for any plant proteomics study. The protein extraction protocols proposed for the phyllosphere involve an initial leaf washing step; however, this is an approach only applicable if interest is restricted to epiphytes. A metaproteomic approach is required to obtain an overall picture and consequently an extraction that considers proteins derived from the plant, epiphytic and endophytic microorganisms. The most commonly used extractions for plant tissue involve the use of phenol or TCA-acetone. However, for efficient protein recovery is essential to remove interfering components abundant in plant tissues, such as polysaccharides, lipids, and phenolic compounds. A well-proven protocol on the basis of a combination of TCA-acetone and phenol extraction is presented here, obtaining some cleaned protein pellets, suitable for electrophoresis and subsequent proteomics studies. Important points for the success of this protocol are (i) a proper sampling and sample preparation, (ii) maintaining samples at a low temperature during extraction and using protease inhibitors, (iii) an initial step in TCA-acetone to remove part of the interfering substances, and (iv) careful recovery of the phenolic phase. Furthermore, the protocol is timesaving and can be completed in one working day.","['D010940', 'D040901', 'D018515', 'D000096', 'D019800', 'D010944', 'D014238']"
38940986,"BdRCN4, a Brachypodium distachyon TFL1 homologue, is involved in regulation of apical meristem fate.","In higher plants, the shift from vegetative to reproductive development is governed by complex interplay of internal and external signals. TERMINALFLOWER1 (TFL1) plays a crucial role in the regulation of flowering time and inflorescence architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana. This study aimed to explore the function of BdRCN4, a homolog of TFL1 in Brachypodium distachyon, through functional analyses in mutant and transgenic plants. The results revealed that overexpression of BdRCN4 in B. distachyon leads to an extended vegetative phase and reduced production of spikelets. Similar results were found in A. thaliana, where constitutive expression of BdRCN4 promoted a delay in flowering time, followed by the development of hypervegetative shoots, with no flowers or siliques produced. Our results suggest that BdRCN4 acts as a flowering repressor analogous to TFL1, negatively regulating AP1, but no LFY expression. To further validate this hypothesis, a 35S::LFY-GR co-transformation approach on 35::BdRCN4 lines was performed. Remarkably, AP1 expression levels and flower formation were restored to normal in co-transformed plants when treated with dexamethasone. Although further molecular studies will be necessary, the evidence in B. distachyon support the idea that a balance between LFY and BdRCN4/TFL1 seems to be essential for activating AP1 expression and initiating floral organ identity gene expression. This study also demonstrates interesting conservation through the molecular pathways that regulate flowering meristem transition and identity across the evolution of monocot and dicot plants.","['D058431', 'D018519', 'D018506', 'D010940', 'D035264', 'D030821', 'D017360', 'D029681']"
38940934,"Regulation of stomatal development by epidermal, subepidermal and long-distance signals.","Plant leaves consist of three layers, including epidermis, mesophyll and vascular tissues. Their development is meticulously orchestrated. Stomata are the specified structures on the epidermis for uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) while release of water vapour and oxygen (O2), and thus play essential roles in regulation of plant photosynthesis and water use efficiency. To function efficiently, stomatal formation must coordinate with the development of other epidermal cell types, such as pavement cell and trichome, and tissues of other layers, such as mesophyll and leaf vein. This review summarizes the regulation of stomatal development in three dimensions (3D). In the epidermis, specific stomatal transcription factors determine cell fate transitions and also activate a ligand-receptor- MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE (MAPK) signaling for ensuring proper stomatal density and patterning. This forms the core regulation network of stomatal development, which integrates various environmental cues and phytohormone signals to modulate stomatal production. Under the epidermis, mesophyll, endodermis of hypocotyl and inflorescence stem, and veins in grasses secrete mobile signals to influence stomatal formation in the epidermis. In addition, long-distance signals which may include phytohormones, RNAs, peptides and proteins originated from other plant organs modulate stomatal development, enabling plants to systematically adapt to the ever changing environment.","['D054046', 'D015398', 'D019441', 'D018506', 'D010937', 'D018515', 'D010940']"
38940814,"Pseudomonas fortuita sp. nov., isolated from the endosphere of a wild yam.","A Gram-negative, strictly aerobic bacterial strain was isolated from asymptomatic leaf tissue of a wild yam plant. Optimal growth was observed at 28 °C and pH 7, and catalase and oxidase activities were detected. Polyphasic taxonomic and comparative genomics revealed that strain LMG 33091T represents a novel species of Pseudomonas. The nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain LMG 33091T were Pseudomonas putida NBRC 14164T (with 99.79 % 16S rRNA sequence identity), Pseudomonas alkylphenolica KL28T (99.28 %) and Pseudomonas asplenii (99.07 %) ATCC 23835T. MALDI-TOF MS analysis yielded distinct profiles for strain LMG 33091T and the nearest phylogenetic neighbours. Average nucleotide identity analyses between the whole genome sequence of strain LMG 33091T and of the type strains of its nearest-neighbour taxa yielded values below the species delineation threshold and thus confirmed that the strain represented a novel Pseudomonas species, for which we propose the name Pseudomonas fortuita sp. nov., with strain LMG 33091T (=GMI12077T= CFBP 9143T) as the type strain.","['D011549', 'D010802', 'D012336', 'D004269', 'D018515', 'D017422', 'D015373', 'D027742', 'D000073336', 'D001482', 'D005227', 'D016680']"
38940101,"Global warming contributes to reduction in the intensity of Artemisia pollen seasons in Lublin, central-eastern Poland.",Species of the genus Artemisia (Asteraceae) are weeds and ruderal plants growing in northern temperate regions of the world. Many of them are used in medicine and the cosmetic industry and for culinary purposes. Pollen grains of plants of this genus contain the most important aeroallergens.,"['D011044', 'D011058', 'D019306', 'D012621', 'D057232', 'D000485', 'D013696', 'D000393', 'D004784']"
38940090,Antiepileptic and Neuroprotective Effects of Rheum tanguticum Root Extract on Trimethyltin-Induced Epilepsy and Neurodegeneration: In Vivo and in Silico Analyses.,"Rheum tanguticum root, cataloged as ""Daehwang"" in the Korean Pharmacopeia, is rich in various anthraquinones known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Formulations containing Daehwang are traditionally employed for treating neurological conditions. This study aimed to substantiate the antiepileptic and neuroprotective efficacy of R. tanguticum root extract (RTE) against trimethyltin (TMT)-induced epileptic seizures and hippocampal neurodegeneration.","['D000818', 'D018696', 'D014298', 'D010936', 'D012250', 'D018517', 'D008297', 'D000927', 'D004827', 'D006624', 'D004195', 'D019636', 'D003198', 'D000091484', 'D060066', 'D051381']"
38938743,Biowaste Valorization of Palm Tree Phoenix dactylifera L. for Nanocellulose Production.,"The desire to reduce reliance on oil resources arises from the concerns about carbon footprint and nonrenewability. Conversely, the global presence of over 100 million palm trees poses a significant challenge due to the substantial amount of biowaste generated annually. Additionally, the use of nanocellulose (NC) as a cost-effective material is steadily gaining recognition for its growing adaptability over time. The main goal of this study is to biosynthesized NC from Iraqi date palm Phoenix dactylifera leaves waste with low-concentration acid-alkali treatment. The date palm leaves waste yields 20 g of NC from 100 g of leaves before acid hydrolysis treatment. The chemical components of biosynthesized NC were 47.90%, 26.78%, and 24.67% for α-cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, respectively. In order to study their properties, NC from raw date palm leaves was studied by microscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and atomic force microscope (AFM). SEM results revealed rod-like structured NC as well as combined long-fine fibrous structures rather than compacted bundles with sizes ranging between 31 and 74 nm. With EDX, all spectra exhibit the peaks of carbon and oxygen as the main elements with 63.8% and 10.44%, respectively, in their compositions, which relate to the typical composition of cellulose. The 3D image of AFM NC with a tapping mode presented a highly uniform distribution of NC with a size of ∼15 nm. The statistical roughness analysis shows that the obtained roughness average is 7.20 nm with the root-mean-square roughness value of 21.56 nm, which corresponded relatively with the micrographs of SEM. The results of this study demonstrate the promise of using date palm waste as raw material to produce NC as green nanocomposite from biodegradable nanomaterials for water purification and sustained drug delivery for biomedical applications. In this regard and because of the insufficient reports about the extraction of NC from palm tree leaves waste, the objective of this study was designed to fabricate NC biologically from fibers sourced from the waste of Iraqi date palm P. dactylifera leaves that left in agricultural lands or burned, which can be an ecological and health problem as a bionanocomposites in the medical and industrial field and as alternative resources of wood materials.","['D002482', 'D065749', 'D018515', 'D049329']"
38938608,Ecotoxicological effects of tungsten on celery (Apium graveolens L) and pepper (Capsicum spp.).,"Tungsten (W) is an emerging heavy metal pollutant, yet research remains scarce on the biomonitor and sensitive biomarkers for W contamination.","['D000077102', 'D002212', 'D014414', 'D015227', 'D013482', 'D000975', 'D002374', 'D015415', 'D054750', 'D018517', 'D018515', 'D018384']"
38938604,Genomic organization and expression profiles of nitrogen assimilation genes in Glycine max.,"Glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and nitrate reductase (NR) are key enzymes involved in nitrogen assimilation and metabolism in plants. However, the systematic analysis of these gene families lacked reports in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), one of the most important crops worldwide.","['D013025', 'D009584', 'D018506', 'D010802', 'D005974', 'D013312', 'D005970', 'D050901', 'D018745', 'D010940', 'D032461', 'D055864']"
38938424,"Antidiabetic, antidyslipidemia, and renoprotector potency of butterfly pea flower extract (Clitorea ternatea L.) in diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia rats model.","Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-term condition marked by high blood glucose levels caused by insulin resistance which will lead to complications of other diseases such as dyslipidemia, which also affects the health of the liver and kidneys. Butterfly pea flower (Clitorea ternatea L.) has phenolic and flavonoid compounds which have the potential as herbal medicines for antidiabetics.","['D000818', 'D010936', 'D017207', 'D051381', 'D050171', 'D008297', 'D007004', 'D000960', 'D003921', 'D035264']"
38938004,Diverse Mycena Fungi and Their Potential for Gastrodia elata Germination.,"It remains to be determined whether there is a geographical distribution pattern and phylogenetic signals for the Mycena strains with seed germination of the orchid plant Gastrodia elata. This study analyzed the community composition and phylogenetics of 72 Mycena strains associated with G. elata varieties (G. elata. f. glauca and G. elata. f. viridis) using multiple gene fragments (ITS+nLSU+SSU). We found that (1) these diverse Mycena phylogenetically belong to the Basidiospore amyloid group. (2) There is a phylogenetic signal of Mycena for germination of G. elata. Those strains phylogenetically close to M. abramsii, M. polygramma, and an unclassified Mycena had significantly higher germination rates than those to M. citrinomarginata. (3) The Mycena distribution depends on geographic site and G. elata variety. Both unclassified Mycena group 1 and the M. abramsii group were dominant for the two varieties of G. elata; in contrast, the M. citrinomarginata group was dominant in G. elata f. glauca but absent in G. elata f. viridis. Our results indicate that the community composition of numerous Mycena resources in the Zhaotong area varies by geographical location and G. elata variety. Importantly, our results also indicate that Mycena's phylogenetic status is correlated with its germination rate.","['D031668', 'D010802', 'D018525', 'D004271', 'D012639', 'D001487']"
38937704,Integration analysis of miRNA-mRNA pairs between two contrasting genotypes reveals the molecular mechanism of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) response to high-temperature stress.,"With global warming, high temperature (HT) has become one of the most common abiotic stresses resulting in significant crop yield losses, especially for jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), an important temperate economic crop cultivated worldwide. This study aims to explore the coping mechanism of jujube to HT stress at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, including identifying differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs as well as elucidating the critical pathways involved. High-throughput sequencing analyses of miRNA and mRNA were performed on jujube leaves, which were collected from ""Fucumi"" (heat-tolerant) and ""Junzao"" (heat-sensitive) cultivars subjected to HT stress (42 °C) for 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days, respectively. The results showed that 45 known miRNAs, 482 novel miRNAs, and 13,884 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) were identified. Among them, integrated analysis of miRNA target genes prediction and mRNA-seq obtained 1306 differentially expressed miRNAs-mRNAs pairs, including 484, 769, and 865 DEMIs-DEMs pairs discovered in ""Fucuimi"", ""Junzao"" and two genotypes comparative groups, respectively. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis of 1306 DEMs revealed that plant-pathogen interaction, starch and sucrose metabolism, spliceosome, and plant hormone signal transduction were crucial pathways in jujube leaves response to HT stress. The constructed miRNA-mRNA network, composed of 20 DEMIs and 33 DEMs, displayed significant differently expressions between these two genotypes. This study further proved the regulatory role of miRNAs in the response to HT stress in plants and will provide a theoretical foundation for the innovation and cultivation of heat-tolerant varieties.","['D031957', 'D035683', 'D012333', 'D005838', 'D018749', 'D018506', 'D006358', 'D018515', 'D013312', 'D059014', 'D018869']"
38937693,OsAlR3 regulates aluminum tolerance through promoting the secretion of organic acids and the expression of antioxidant genes in rice.,"In acidic soils, aluminum (Al) toxicity inhibits the growth and development of plant roots and affects nutrient and water absorption, leading to reduced yield and quality. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate and identify candidate genes for Al tolerance and elucidate their physiological and molecular mechanisms under Al stress. In this study, we identified a new gene OsAlR3 regulating Al tolerance, and analyzed its mechanism from physiological, transcriptional and metabolic levels. Compared with the WT, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content were significantly increased, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and citric acid (CA) content were significantly decreased in the osalr3 mutant lines when exposed to Al stress. Under Al stress, the osalr3 exhibited decreased expression of antioxidant-related genes and lower organic acid content compared with WT. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis showed the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway plays an important role in OsAlR3-mediated Al tolerance. Exogenous CA and oxalic acid (OA) could increase total root length and enhance the antioxidant capacity in the mutant lines under Al stress. Conclusively, we found a new gene OsAlR3 that positively regulates Al tolerance by promoting the chelation of Al ions through the secretion of organic acids, and increasing the expression of antioxidant genes.","['D000535', 'D012275', 'D000975', 'D018506', 'D010940', 'D019343', 'D018517', 'D017343']"
38937682,"GmHXK2 promotes the salt tolerance of soybean seedlings by mediating AsA synthesis, and auxin synthesis and distribution.","Salt is an important factor that affects crop productivity. Plant hexokinases (HXKs) are key enzymes in the glycolytic pathway and sugar signaling transduction pathways of plants. In previous studies, we identified and confirmed the roles of GmHXK2 in salt tolerance.","['D036226', 'D007210', 'D055049', 'D013025', 'D001205', 'D018506', 'D010940', 'D017360', 'D030821']"
38937670,Flower color modification in Torenia fournieri by genetic engineering of betacyanin pigments.,"Betalains are reddish and yellow pigments that accumulate in a few plant species of the order Caryophyllales. These pigments have antioxidant and medicinal properties and can be used as functional foods. They also enhance resistance to stress or disease in crops. Several plant species belonging to other orders have been genetically engineered to express betalain pigments. Betalains can also be used for flower color modification in ornamental plants, as they confer vivid colors, like red and yellow. To date, betalain engineering to modify the color of Torenia fournieri-or wishbone flower-a popular ornamental plant, has not been attempted.","['D050859', 'D035264', 'D005818', 'D010858', 'D000073559', 'D030821', 'D050858']"
38937645,The role of magnesium oxide foliar sprays in enhancing mint (Mentha crispa L.) tolerance to cadmium stress.,"This study investigates using magnesium foliar spray to enhance mint plants' growth and physiological performance under cadmium toxicity. It examines the effects of foliar application of magnesium oxide (40 mg L-1), in both nano and bulk forms, on mint plants exposed to cadmium stress (60 mg kg-1 soil). Cadmium stress reduced root growth and activity, plant biomass (32%), leaf hydration (19%), chlorophyll levels (27%), magnesium content (51%), and essential oil yield (35%), while increasing oxidative and osmotic stress in leaf tissues. Foliar application of magnesium increased root growth (32%), plant biomass, essential oil production (17%), leaf area (24%), chlorophyll content (10%), soluble sugar synthesis (33%), and antioxidant enzyme activity, and reduced lipid peroxidation and osmotic stress. Although the nano form of magnesium enhanced magnesium absorption, its impact on growth and physiological performance was not significantly different from the bulk form. Therefore, foliar application of both forms improves plants' ability to withstand cadmium toxicity. However, the study is limited by its focus on a single plant species and specific environmental conditions, which may affect the generalizability of the results. The long-term sustainability of such treatments could provide a more comprehensive understanding of magnesium's role in mitigating heavy metal stress in plants.","['D008277', 'D002104', 'D027541', 'D018515', 'D013312', 'D002734', 'D015227', 'D018517', 'D018384', 'D000975', 'D008274', 'D018533']"
38937542,"Carica papaya L. sex chromosome review and physical mapping of the serk 2, svp-like and mdar 4 sequences.","Physical mapping evidences the chromosome organization and structure. Despite the data about plant cytogenomics, physical mapping has been conducted from single-copy and/or low-copy genes for few species. Carica papaya cytogenomics has been accomplished from BAC-FISH and repeatome sequences. We aimed to map the serk 2, svp-like and mdar 4 sequences in C. papaya. The sequences were amplified and the amplicons sequenced, showing similarity in relation to serk 2, svp-like and mdar 4 genes. Carica papaya diploidy was confirmed and the mitotic chromosomes characterized. The chromosome 1 exhibited the secondary constriction pericentromeric to the centromere of the long arm. So, we concluded that it is the sex chromosomes. serk 2 was mapped in the long arm interstitial portion of the sex chromosomes, and the interphase nuclei showed two fluorescence signals. Considering these results and the sequencing data from the C. papaya sex chromosomes, svp-like and mdar 4 genes were mapped in the interstitial region of the sex chromosome long arm. Both sequences showed only one fluorescence signal in the interphase nuclei. The procedure adopted here can be reproduced for other single-copy and/or low-copy genes, allowing the construction of cytogenetic maps. In addition, we revisited the cytogenomics data about C. papaya sex chromosomes, presenting a revised point of view about the structure and evolution to these chromosomes.","['D029441', 'D032461', 'D012730', 'D020161', 'D017404', 'D010940', 'D002874', 'D017343']"
38937529,"Fruit quality, antioxidant, and mineral attributes of pomegranate cv. Ghojagh, influenced by shading and spray applications of potassium sulfate and sodium silicate.","Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit quality depends on many traits including visual, biochemical and mineral characteristics. One of the negative traits is aril whitening (AW) which is a frequently observed disorder in hot and dry climates, that leads to decline in desirable fruit quality. Color, antioxidant, and mineral contents of the arils are of prime importance as quality traits. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of shading and foliar minerals on fruit quality during the fruit development stages of pomegranate. Treatments included shaded (50% green net) and unshaded trees and foliar application of trees with potassium sulfate (K, 1% and 2%) or sodium silicate (Si, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15%) during two growing seasons. Results showed that the severity of AW at harvest decreased significantly when trees were covered with shading compared to control. The color values of L* and ⁰hue for arils were lower in fruits grown under shading conditions indicating darker red arils. Shading significantly reduced chilling injury in cold storage compared to open field fruits. Shading and Si 0.15% increased superoxide dismutase, and catalase enzymes activity while decreased Polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase. Covering trees with shading and Si 0.15% spray resulted in the highest total anthocyanin, antioxidant activity, and total phenolics content in the arils. Shading as well as Si 0.15% increased macronutrients content of the arils. The study concluded that covering pomegranate trees and spraying with Si in hot climate reduced AW, increased antioxidant traits, and led to higher fruit quality.","['D000975', 'D005638', 'D000079702', 'D017640', 'D013431', 'D008903', 'D003116', 'D000872']"
38937513,The positive impact of honeybee activity on fennel crop production and sustainability.,"This study investigates the ecological interaction between honeybees (Apis mellifera) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) plants, examining the mutual benefits of this relationship. Field experiments conducted in Egypt from December 2022 to May 2023 recorded diverse insect pollinators attracted to fennel flowers, especially honeybees. Assessing honeybee colonies near fennel fields showed improvements in sealed brood (357.5-772.5 cells), unsealed brood (176.3-343.8 cells), pollen collection (53.25-257.5 units), honey accumulation (257.5-877.5 units), and colony strength (7.75-10) over three weeks. Fennel exposure explained 88-99% of variability in foraging metrics. Comparing open versus self-pollinated fennel revealed enhanced attributes with bee pollination, including higher flower age (25.67 vs 19.67 days), more seeds per umbel (121.3 vs 95.33), bigger seeds (6.533 vs 4.400 mm), heavier seeds (0.510 vs 0.237 g/100 seeds), and increased fruit weight per umbel (0.619 vs 0.226 g). Natural variation in seed color and shape also occurred. The outcomes demonstrate the integral role of honeybees in fennel agroecosystems through efficient pollination services that improve crop productivity and quality. Fennel provides abundant nutritional resources that bolster honeybee colony health. This research elucidates the symbiotic bee-fennel relationship, underscoring mutualistic benefits and the importance of ecological conservation for sustainable agriculture.","['D001516', 'D000818', 'D030001', 'D054817', 'D035264', 'D000069599', 'D018556', 'D004534', 'D011058']"
38937444,Distinct functions of microtubules and actin filaments in the transportation of the male germ unit in pollen.,"Flowering plants rely on the polarized growth of pollen tubes to deliver sperm cells (SCs) to the embryo sac for double fertilization. In pollen, the vegetative nucleus (VN) and two SCs form the male germ unit (MGU). However, the mechanism underlying directional transportation of MGU is not well understood. In this study, we provide the first full picture of the dynamic interplay among microtubules, actin filaments, and MGU during pollen germination and tube growth. Depolymerization of microtubules and inhibition of kinesin activity result in an increased velocity and magnified amplitude of VN's forward and backward movement. Pharmacological washout experiments further suggest that microtubules participate in coordinating the directional movement of MGU. In contrast, suppression of the actomyosin system leads to a reduced velocity of VN mobility but without a moving pattern change. Moreover, detailed observation shows that the direction and velocity of VN's movement are in close correlations with those of the actomyosin-driven cytoplasmic streaming surrounding VN. Therefore, we propose that while actomyosin-based cytoplasmic streaming influences on the oscillational movement of MGU, microtubules and kinesins avoid MGU drifting with the cytoplasmic streaming and act as the major regulator for fine-tuning the proper positioning and directional migration of MGU in pollen.","['D008870', 'D008841', 'D016547', 'D011058', 'D000205', 'D053205', 'D002467', 'D017360', 'D003595', 'D018525']"
38937441,Temperature-dependent jumonji demethylase modulates flowering time by targeting H3K36me2/3 in Brassica rapa.,"Global warming has a severe impact on the flowering time and yield of crops. Histone modifications have been well-documented for their roles in enabling plant plasticity in ambient temperature. However, the factor modulating histone modifications and their involvement in habitat adaptation have remained elusive. In this study, through genome-wide pattern analysis and quantitative-trait-locus (QTL) mapping, we reveal that BrJMJ18 is a candidate gene for a QTL regulating thermotolerance in thermotolerant B. rapa subsp. chinensis var. parachinensis (or Caixin, abbreviated to Par). BrJMJ18 encodes an H3K36me2/3 Jumonji demethylase that remodels H3K36 methylation across the genome. We demonstrate that the BrJMJ18 allele from Par (BrJMJ18Par) influences flowering time and plant growth in a temperature-dependent manner via characterizing overexpression and CRISPR/Cas9 mutant plants. We further show that overexpression of BrJMJ18Par can modulate the expression of BrFLC3, one of the five BrFLC orthologs. Furthermore, ChIP-seq and transcriptome data reveal that BrJMJ18Par can regulate chlorophyll biosynthesis under high temperatures. We also demonstrate that three amino acid mutations may account for function differences in BrJMJ18 between subspecies. Based on these findings, we propose a working model in which an H3K36me2/3 demethylase, while not affecting agronomic traits under normal conditions, can enhance resilience under heat stress in Brassica rapa.","['D029741', 'D035264', 'D018506', 'D006657', 'D040641', 'D056484', 'D010940', 'D013696', 'D000071436', 'D008745', 'D030821', 'D002734']"
38937300,Rapid improvement of grain appearance in three-line hybrid rice via CRISPR/Cas9 editing of grain size genes.,"Genetic editing of grain size genes quickly improves three-line hybrid rice parents to increase the appearance quality and yield of hybrid rice. Grain size affects rice yield and quality. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to edit the grain size gene GW8 in the maintainer line WaitaiB (WTB) and restorer line Guanghui998 (GH998). The new slender sterile line WTEA (gw8) was obtained in the BC2F1 generation by transferring the grain mutation of the maintainer plant to the corresponding sterile line WantaiA (WTA, GW8) in the T1 generation. Two slender restorer lines, GH998E1 (gw8(II)) and GH998E2 (gw8(I)), were obtained in T1 generation. In the early stage, new sterile and restorer lines in grain mutations were created by targeted editing of GS3, TGW3, and GW8 genes. These parental lines were mated to detect the impact of grain-type mutations on hybrid rice yield and quality. Mutations in gs3, gw8, and tgw3 had a minimal impact on agronomic traits except the grain size and thousand-grain weight. The decrease in grain width in the combination mainly came from gw8/gw8, gs3/gs3 increased the grain length, gs3/gs3-gw8/gw8 had a more significant effect on the grain length, and gs3/gs3-gw8/gw8(I) contributed more to grain length than gs3/gs3-gw8/gw8(II). The heterozygous TGW3/tgw3 may not significantly increase grain length. Electron microscopy revealed that the low-chalky slender-grain variety had a cylindrical grain shape, a uniform distribution of endosperm cells, and tightly arranged starch grains. Quantitative fluorescence analysis of endospermdevelopment-related genes showed that the combination of slender grain hybrid rice caused by gs3 and gw8 mutations promoted endosperm development and improved appearance quality. An appropriate grain size mutation resulted in hybrid rice varieties with high yield and quality.","['D012275', 'D000072669', 'D064113', 'D002523', 'D017343', 'D010641', 'D000069600', 'D009154', 'D030821', 'D012639']"
38953576,A programming toolbox for calculating beta-Euler shape exponents from plant growth data.,"Since the acid growth theory was introduced in plant physiology and mainframe computers became more widely available in the mid-20th century, there has been a growing need to accurately predict plant cell morphological parameters during growth. This article presents a computer program that uses an original numerical method to solve a highly nonlinear growth equation. The program is written in Python, a popular open-source scientific software environment called CoCalc or SAGE. This program can be used to determine the growth of an individual plant cell or multicellular organ, such as a coleoptile or hypocotyl segment, at the non-meristemic limit. This standalone program is designed to be user-friendly and accessible to all readers, without barriers. With only a few key parameters, including pH and temperature, this program provides a practical set of tools for comparing growth-related experimental data across various areas of plant biology. Additionally, it could be useful in predicting plant growth during assisted migration, particularly in the face of climate change.","['D012984', 'D063245', 'D008954', 'D003198', 'D000465']"
38951756,High resolution mapping of a novel non-transgressive hybrid susceptibility locus in barley exploited by P. teres f. maculata.,"Hybrid genotypes can provide significant yield gains over conventional inbred varieties due to heterosis or hybrid vigor. However, hybrids can also display unintended negative attributes or phenotypes such as extreme pathogen susceptibility. The necrotrophic pathogen Pyrenophora teres f. maculata (Ptm) causes spot form net blotch, which has caused significant yield losses to barley worldwide. Here, we report on a non-transgressive hybrid susceptibility locus in barley identified between the three parental lines CI5791, Tifang and Golden Promise that are resistant to Ptm isolate 13IM.3. However, F2 progeny from CI5791 × Tifang and CI5791 × Golden Promise crosses exhibited extreme susceptibility. The susceptible phenotype segregated in a ratio of 1 resistant:1 susceptible representing a genetic segregation ratio of 1 parental (res):2 heterozygous (sus):1 parental (res) suggesting a single hybrid susceptibility locus. Genetic mapping using a total of 715 CI5791 × Tifang F2 individuals (1430 recombinant gametes) and 149 targeted SNPs delimited the hybrid susceptibility locus designated Susceptibility to Pyrenophora teres 2 (Spt2) to an ~ 198 kb region on chromosome 5H of the Morex V3 reference assembly. This single locus was independently mapped with 83 CI5791 × Golden Promise F2 individuals (166 recombinant gametes) and 180 genome wide SNPs that colocalized to the same Spt2 locus. The CI5791 genome was sequenced using PacBio Continuous Long Read technology and comparative analysis between CI5791 and the publicly available Golden Promise genome assembly determined that the delimited region contained a single high confidence Spt2 candidate gene predicted to encode a pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein.","['D001467', 'D010935', 'D002874', 'D001203', 'D060467', 'D010641', 'D020641', 'D006824', 'D006823', 'D005838']"
38951262,Unraveling the genetic basis of quantitative resistance to diseases in tomato: a meta-QTL analysis and mining of transcript profiles.,"Whole-genome QTL mining and meta-analysis in tomato for resistance to bacterial and fungal diseases identified 73 meta-QTL regions with significantly refined/reduced confidence intervals. Tomato production is affected by a range of biotic stressors, causing yield losses and quality reductions. While sources of genetic resistance to many tomato diseases have been identified and characterized, stability of the resistance genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) across the resources has not been determined. Here, we examined 491 QTLs previously reported for resistance to tomato diseases in 40 independent studies and 54 unique mapping populations. We identified 29 meta-QTLs (MQTLs) for resistance to bacterial pathogens and 44 MQTLs for resistance to fungal pathogens, and were able to reduce the average confidence interval (CI) of the QTLs by 4.1-fold and 6.7-fold, respectively, compared to the average CI of the original QTLs. The corresponding physical length of the CIs of MQTLs ranged from 56 kb to 6.37 Mb, with a median of 921 kb, of which 27% had a CI lower than 500 kb and 53% had a CI lower than 1 Mb. Comparison of defense responses between tomato and Arabidopsis highlighted 73 orthologous genes in the MQTL regions, which were putatively determined to be involved in defense against bacterial and fungal diseases. Intriguingly, multiple genes were identified in some MQTL regions that are implicated in plant defense responses, including PR-P2, NDR1, PDF1.2, Pip1, SNI1, PTI5, NSL1, DND1, CAD1, SlACO, DAD1, SlPAL, Ph-3, EDS5/SID1, CHI-B/PR-3, Ph-5, ETR1, WRKY29, and WRKY25. Further, we identified a number of candidate resistance genes in the MQTL regions that can be useful for both marker/gene-assisted breeding as well as cloning and genetic transformation.","['D040641', 'D018551', 'D060467', 'D010935', 'D002874']"
38949721,How (not) to Talk to a Plant: An Application of Automata Theory to Plant Communication.,"Plants are capable of a range of complex interactions with the environment. Over the last decade, some authors have used this as evidence to argue that plants are cognitive agents. While there is no consensus on this view, it is certainly interesting to approach the debate from a comparative perspective, trying to understand whether different lineages of plants show different degrees of responsiveness to environmental cues, and how their responses compare with those of animals or humans. In this paper, I suggest that a potentially fruitful approach to these comparative studies is provided by automata theory. Accordingly, I shall present a possible application of this theory to plant communication. Two tentative results will emerge. First, that different lineages may exhibit different levels of complexity in response to similar stimuli. Second, that current evidence does not allow to infer great cognitive sophistication in plants.","['D010944', 'D018521', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D003071']"
38948210,The human touch: a meta-analysis of anthropogenic effects on plant-pollinator interaction networks.,"Anthropogenic activities significantly impact natural ecosystems, leading to alterations in plant and pollinator diversity and abundance. These changes often result in shifts within interacting communities, potentially reshaping the structure of plant-pollinator interaction networks. Given the escalating human footprint on habitats, evaluating the response of these networks to anthropization is critical for devising effective conservation and management strategies.","['D000818', 'D000383', 'D000087602', 'D044822', 'D003247', 'D017753', 'D007313', 'D010944', 'D054817']"
38946634,"Ascorbate, plant hormones and their interactions during plant responses to biotic stress.","Plants can experience a variety of environmental stresses that significantly impact their fitness and survival. Additionally, biotic stress can harm agriculture, leading to reduced crop yields and economic losses worldwide. As a result, plants have developed defense strategies to combat potential invaders. These strategies involve regulating redox homeostasis. Several studies have documented the positive role of plant antioxidants, including Ascorbate (Asc), under biotic stress conditions. Asc is a multifaceted antioxidant that scavenges ROS, acts as a co-factor for different enzymes, regulates gene expression, and facilitates iron transport. However, little attention has been given to Asc and its transport, regulatory effects, interplay with phytohormones, and involvement in defense processes under biotic stress. Asc interacts with other components of the redox system and phytohormones to activate various defense responses that reduce the growth of plant pathogens and promote plant growth and development under biotic stress conditions. Scientific reports indicate that Asc can significantly contribute to plant resistance against biotic stress through mutual interactions with components of the redox and hormonal systems. This review focuses on the role of Asc in enhancing plant resistance against pathogens. Further research is necessary to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular regulatory processes involved.","['D010937', 'D013312', 'D001205', 'D010944', 'D000975', 'D010084', 'D018506', 'D010935']"
38943158,Photosynthetic bacteria-based whole-cell inorganic-biohybrid system for multimodal enhanced tumor radiotherapy.,"The whole-cell inorganic-biohybrid systems show special functions and wide potential in biomedical application owing to the exceptional interactions between microbes and inorganic materials. However, the hybrid systems are still in stage of proof of concept. Here, we report a whole-cell inorganic-biohybrid system composed of Spirulina platensis and gold nanoclusters (SP-Au), which can enhance the cancer radiotherapy through multiple pathways, including cascade photocatalysis. Such systems can first produce oxygen under light irradiation, then convert some of the oxygen to superoxide anion (•O2-), and further oxidize the glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells. With the combination of hypoxic regulation, •O2- production, GSH oxidation, and the radiotherapy sensitization of gold nanoclusters, the final radiation is effectively enhanced, which show the best antitumor efficacy than other groups in both 4T1 and A549 tumor models. Moreover, in vivo distribution experiments show that the SP-Au can accumulate in the tumor and be rapidly metabolized through biodegradation, further indicating its application potential as a new multiway enhanced radiotherapy sensitizer.","['D000818', 'D006801', 'D006046', 'D051379', 'D008807', 'D005978', 'D053768', 'D053545', 'D000072283', 'D045744', 'D009369', 'D005260', 'D010788', 'D013481', 'D011838']"
38942755,A global dataset of the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation for 1982-2022.,"The fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) is an essential biophysical parameter that characterizes the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems. Despite the extensive utilization of several satellite-derived FPAR products, notable temporal inconsistencies within each product have been underscored. Here, the new generation of the GIMMS FPAR product, GIMMS FPAR4g, was developed using a combination of a machine learning algorithm and a pixel-wise multi-sensor records integration approach. PKU GIMMS NDVI, which eliminates the orbital drift and sensor degradation issues, was used as the data source. Comparisons with ground-based measurements indicate root mean square errors ranging from 0.10 to 0.14 with R-squared ranging from 0.73 to 0.87. More importantly, our product demonstrates remarkable spatiotemporal coherence and continuity, revealing a persistent terrestrial darkening over the past four decades (0.0004 yr-1, p < 0.001). The GIMMS FPAR4g, available for half-month intervals at a spatial resolution of 1/12° from 1982 to 2022, promises to be a valuable asset for in-depth analyses of vegetation structures and functions spanning the last 40 years.","['D010788', 'D017753', 'D000069550']"
38940906,"Membrane protein Bcsdr2 mediates biofilm integrity, hyphal growth and virulence of Botrytis cinerea.","Grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea is a devastating disease responsible for large losses to agricultural production, and B. cinerea is a necrotrophic model fungal plant pathogen. Membrane proteins are important targets of fungicides and hotspots in the research and development of fungicide products. Wuyiencin affects the permeability and pathogenicity of B. cinerea, parallel reaction monitoring revealed the association of membrane protein Bcsdr2, and the bacteriostatic mechanism of wuyiencin was elucidated. In the present work, we generated and characterised ΔBcsdr2 deletion and complemented mutant B. cinerea strains. The ΔBcsdr2 deletion mutants exhibited biofilm loss and dissolution, and their functional activity was illustrated by reduced necrotic colonisation on strawberry and grape fruits. Targeted deletion of Bcsdr2 also blocked several phenotypic defects in aspects of mycelial growth, conidiation and virulence. All phenotypic defects were restored by targeted gene complementation. The roles of Bcsdr2 in biofilms and pathogenicity were also supported by quantitative real-time RT-PCR results showing that phosphatidylserine decarboxylase synthesis gene Bcpsd and chitin synthase gene BcCHSV II were downregulated in the early stages of infection for the ΔBcsdr2 strain. The results suggest that Bcsdr2 plays important roles in regulating various cellular processes in B. cinerea. KEY POINTS: • The mechanism of wuyiencin inhibits B. cinerea is closely associated with membrane proteins. • Wuyiencin can downregulate the expression of the membrane protein Bcsdr2 in B. cinerea. • Bcsdr2 is involved in regulating B. cinerea virulence, growth and development.","['D020171', 'D018441', 'D014774', 'D025301', 'D010935', 'D031985', 'D005656', 'D008565', 'D027843', 'D013172', 'D017353']"
38940768,Genome evolution and transcriptome plasticity is associated with adaptation to monocot and dicot plants in Colletotrichum fungi.,"Colletotrichum fungi infect a wide diversity of monocot and dicot hosts, causing diseases on almost all economically important plants worldwide. Colletotrichum is also a suitable model for studying gene family evolution on a fine scale to uncover events in the genome associated with biological changes.","['D020231', 'D059467', 'D016681', 'D019143', 'D010802', 'D000222', 'D020869', 'D010935']"
38937683,Determination of anthracnose (Colletotrichum fructicola) resistance mechanism using transcriptome analysis of resistant and susceptible pear (Pyrus pyrifolia).,"Anthracnose, mainly caused by Colletotrichum fructicola, leads to severe losses in pear production. However, there is limited information available regarding the molecular response to anthracnose in pears.","['D031989', 'D020231', 'D010935', 'D060467', 'D020869', 'D059467', 'D018506']"
38935623,"Differences in gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and modulated reflection of light at 820 nm between two rhododendron cultivars under aluminum stress conditions.","Aluminum (Al) toxicity is an important factor restricting the normal growth of plants in acidic soil. Rhododendron (Ericaceae) can grow relatively well in acidic soil. To uncover the adaptive mechanisms of photosynthesis under Al stress, the influence of Al stress on the photosynthetic activities of Al-sensitive (Baijinpao) and Al-resistant (Kangnaixin) rhododendron cultivars was examined by measuring gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and the modulated reflection of light at 820 nm. Under Al stress conditions, the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of the rhododendron leaves decreased, whereas the intercellular CO2 concentration increased. The Al stress treatment damaged the oxygen-evolving complex of the rhododendron seedlings, while also inhibiting electron transport on the photosystem II (PSII) donor side. In addition, the exposure to Al stress restricted the oxidation of plastocyanin (PC) and the photosystem I (PSI) reaction center (P700) and led to the re-reduction of PC+ and P700+. The comparison with Kangnaixin revealed an increase in the PSII connectivity in Baijinpao. Additionally, the donor-side electron transport efficiency was more inhibited and the overall activity of PSII, PSI, and the intersystem electron transport chain decreased more extensively in Baijinpao than in Kangnaixin. On the basis of the study findings, we concluded that Al stress adversely affects photosynthesis in rhododendron seedlings by significantly decreasing the activity of PSII and PSI. Under Al stress, Kangnaixin showed stronger tolerance compared with Baijinpao.","['D029793', 'D000535', 'D002734', 'D010788', 'D005453', 'D045332', 'D013312', 'D018515', 'D004579', 'D008027', 'D045331']"
38932261,The Role of Satellites in the Evolution of Begomoviruses.,"Begomoviruses have emerged as destructive pathogens of crops, particularly in the tropics and subtropics, causing enormous economic losses and threatening food security. Epidemics caused by begomoviruses have even spread in regions and crops that were previously free from these viruses. The most seriously affected crops include cassava; cotton; grain legumes; and cucurbitaceous, malvaceous, and solanaceous vegetables. Alphasatellites, betasatellites, and deltasatellites are associated with the diseases caused by begomoviruses, but begomovirus-betasatellite complexes have played significant roles in the evolution of begomoviruses, causing widespread epidemics in many economically important crops throughout the world. This article provides an overview of the evolution, distribution, and approaches used by betasatellites in the suppression of host plant defense responses and increasing disease severity.","['D053839', 'D010935', 'D018556', 'D012526', 'D019143', 'D004276', 'D010802']"
38932233,A Coiled-Coil Nucleotide-Binding Domain Leucine-Rich Repeat Receptor Gene MeRPPL1 Plays a Role in the Replication of a Geminivirus in Cassava.,"Disease resistance gene (R gene)-encoded nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins (NLRs) are critical players in plant host defence mechanisms because of their role as receptors that recognise pathogen effectors and trigger plant effector-triggered immunity (ETI). This study aimed to determine the putative role of a cassava coiled-coil (CC)-NLR (CNL) gene MeRPPL1 (Manes.12G091600) (single allele) located on chromosome 12 in the tolerance or susceptibility to South African cassava mosaic virus (SACMV), one of the causal agents of cassava mosaic disease (CMD). A transient protoplast system was used to knock down the expression of MeRPPL1 by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9). The MeRPPL1-targeting CRISPR vectors and/or SACMV DNA A and DNA B infectious clones were used to transfect protoplasts isolated from leaf mesophyll cells from the SACMV-tolerant cassava (Manihot esculenta) cultivar TME3. The CRISPR/Cas9 silencing vector significantly reduced MeRPPL1 expression in protoplasts whether with or without SACMV co-infection. Notably, SACMV DNA A replication was higher in protoplasts with lower MeRPPL1 expression levels than in non-silenced protoplasts. Mutagenesis studies revealed that protoplast co-transfection with CRISPR-MeRPPL1 silencing vector + SACMV and transfection with only SACMV induced nucleotide substitution mutations that led to altered amino acids in the highly conserved MHD motif of the MeRPPL1-translated polypeptide. This may abolish or alter the regulatory role of the MHD motif in controlling R protein activity and could contribute to the increase in SACMV-DNA A accumulation observed in MeRPPL1-silenced protoplasts. The results herein demonstrate for the first time a role for a CNL gene in tolerance to a geminivirus in TME3.","['D002365', 'D010935', 'D053839', 'D014779', 'D010940', 'D017791', 'D064113', 'D060467', 'D011523', 'D000090263']"
38932211,"Discovery of Two Novel Viruses of the Willow-Carrot Aphid, Cavariella aegopodii.","The advancement of bioinformatics and sequencing technology has resulted in the identification of an increasing number of new RNA viruses. This study systematically identified the RNA virome of the willow-carrot aphid, Cavariella aegopodii (Hemiptera: Aphididae), using metagenomic sequencing and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) approaches. C. aegopodii is a sap-sucking insect widely distributed in Europe, Asia, North America, and Australia. The deleterious effects of C. aegopodii on crop growth primarily stem from its feeding activities and its role as a vector for transmitting plant viruses. The virome includes Cavariella aegopodii virga-like virus 1 (CAVLV1) and Cavariella aegopodii iflavirus 1 (CAIV1). Furthermore, the complete genome sequence of CAVLV1 was obtained. Phylogenetically, CAVLV1 is associated with an unclassified branch of the Virgaviridae family and is susceptible to host antiviral RNA interference (RNAi), resulting in the accumulation of a significant number of 22nt virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs). CAIV1, on the other hand, belongs to the Iflaviridae family, with vsiRNAs ranging from 18 to 22 nt. Our findings present a comprehensive analysis of the RNA virome of C. aegopodii for the first time, offering insights that could potentially aid in the future control of the willow-carrot aphid.","['D000818', 'D001042', 'D010802', 'D016679', 'D012328', 'D000083422', 'D012367', 'D056186', 'D010935']"
38932193,A Novel Strain of Fusarium oxysporum Alternavirus 1 Isolated from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis Strain T-BJ17 Confers Hypovirulence and Increases the Sensitivity of Its Host Fungus to Difenoconazole and Pydiflumetofen.,"In the current study, a novel strain of Fusarium oxysporum alternavirus 1 (FoAV1) was identified from the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (FOM) strain T-BJ17 and was designated as Fusarium oxysporum alternavirus 1-FOM (FoAV1-FOM). Its genome consists of four dsRNA segments of 3515 bp (dsRNA1), 2663 bp (dsRNA2), 2368 bp (dsRNA3), and 1776 bp (dsRNA4) in length. Open reading frame 1 (ORF1) in dsRNA1 was found to encode a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), whose amino acid sequence was 99.02% identical to that of its counterpart in FoAV1; while ORF2 in dsRNA2, ORF3 in dsRNA3, and ORF4 in dsRNA4 were all found to encode hypothetical proteins. Strain T-BJ17-VF, which was verified to FoAV1-FOM-free, was obtained using single-hyphal-tip culture combined with high-temperature treatment to eliminate FoAV1-FOM from strain T-BJ17. The colony growth rate, ability to produce spores, and virulence of strain T-BJ17 were significantly lower than those of T-BJ17-VF, while the dry weight of the mycelial biomass and the sensitivity to difenoconazole and pydiflumetofen of strain T-BJ17 were greater than those of T-BJ17-VF. FoAV1-FOM was capable of 100% vertical transmission via spores. To our knowledge, this is the first time that an alternavirus has infected FOM, and this is the first report of hypovirulence and increased sensitivity to difenoconazole and pydiflumetofen induced by FoAV1-FOM infection in FOM.","['D005670', 'D000067148', 'D016679', 'D010935', 'D014230', 'D004148', 'D014774', 'D012328', 'D010802', 'D016366', 'D014908']"
38932191,Geminiviridae and Alphasatellitidae Diversity Revealed by Metagenomic Analysis of Susceptible and Tolerant Tomato Cultivars across Distinct Brazilian Biomes.,"The diversity of Geminiviridae and Alphasatellitidae species in tomatoes was assessed via high-throughput sequencing of 154 symptomatic foliar samples collected from 2002 to 2017 across seven Brazilian biomes. The first pool (BP1) comprised 73 samples from the North (13), Northeast (36), and South (24) regions. Sixteen begomoviruses and one Topilevirus were detected in BP1. Four begomovirus-like contigs were identified as putative novel species (NS). NS#1 was reported in the semi-arid (Northeast) region and NS#2 and NS#4 in mild subtropical climates (South region), whereas NS#3 was detected in the warm and humid (North) region. The second pool (BP2) comprised 81 samples from Southeast (39) and Central-West (42) regions. Fourteen viruses and subviral agents were detected in BP2, including two topileviruses, a putative novel begomovirus (NS#5), and two alphasatellites occurring in continental highland areas. The five putative novel begomoviruses displayed strict endemic distributions. Conversely, tomato mottle leaf curl virus (a monopartite species) displayed the most widespread distribution occurring across the seven sampled biomes. The overall diversity and frequency of mixed infections were higher in susceptible (16 viruses + alphasatellites) in comparison to tolerant (carrying the Ty-1 or Ty-3 introgressions) samples, which displayed 9 viruses. This complex panorama reinforces the notion that the tomato-associated Geminiviridae diversity is yet underestimated in Neotropical regions.","['D018551', 'D001938', 'D010935', 'D056186', 'D010802', 'D017791', 'D000818', 'D014644', 'D016679', 'D053839', 'D059014']"
38932185,"Co-Infection of Tobacco Rattle and Cycas Necrotic Stunt Viruses in Paeonia lactiflora: Detection Strategies, Potential Origins of Infection, and Implications for Paeonia Germplasm Conservation.","Increasing reports of tobacco rattle virus (TRV) and cycas necrotic stunt virus (CNSV) in herbaceous Paeonia worldwide highlight the importance of conserving the genetic resources of this economically important ornamental and medicinal crop. The unknown origin(s) of infection, differential susceptibility of peony cultivars to these viruses, and elusive disease phenotypes for CNSV in peonies make early detection and management challenging. Here, we report the presence of TRV and CNSV in plants of the University of Michigan living peony collection in the United States and a molecular characterization of their strains. Using sequences of the TRV 194 K RNA polymerase gene, we confirmed TRV infections in seven symptomatic plants (1.07% of all plants in the collection). Using newly developed primers, we recovered sequences of the CNSV RdRp gene and the polyprotein 1 gene region from nine out of twelve samples analyzed, including three from symptomless plants. Four of the nine plants had TRV and CNSV co-infections and showed more severe disease symptoms than plants only infected with TRV. Phylogenetic analyses of isolates from the University of Michigan living peony collection and publicly available isolates point to multiple origins of TRV and CNSV infections in this collection. This is the first report of TRV/CNSV co-infection and of a symptomatic detection of CNSV on cultivated P. lactiflora.","['D029596', 'D010935', 'D060085', 'D010942', 'D010802', 'D012367', 'D014481', 'D003247']"
38932180,Diagnosis and Characterization of Plant Viruses Using HTS to Support Virus Management and Tomato Breeding.,"Viral diseases pose a significant threat to tomato crops (Solanum lycopersicum L.), one of the world's most economically important vegetable crops. The limited genetic diversity of cultivated tomatoes contributes to their high susceptibility to viral infections. To address this challenge, tomato breeding programs must harness the genetic resources found in native populations and wild relatives. Breeding efforts may aim to develop broad-spectrum resistance against the virome. To identify the viruses naturally infecting 19 advanced lines, derived from native tomatoes, high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of small RNAs and confirmation with PCR and RT-PCR were used. Single and mixed infections with tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), tomato golden mosaic virus (ToGMoV), and pepper huasteco yellow vein virus (PHYVV) were detected. The complete consensus genomes of three variants of Mexican ToMV isolates were reconstructed, potentially forming a new ToMV clade with a distinct 3' UTR. The absence of reported mutations associated with resistance-breaking to ToMV suggests that the Tm-1, Tm-2, and Tm-22 genes could theoretically be used to confer resistance. However, the high mutation rates and a 63 nucleotide insertion in the 3' UTR, as well as amino acid mutations in the ORFs encoding 126 KDa, 183 KDa, and MP of Mexican ToMV isolates, suggest that it is necessary to evaluate the capacity of these variants to overcome Tm-1, Tm-2, and Tm-22 resistance genes. This evaluation, along with the characterization of advanced lines using molecular markers linked to these resistant genes, will be addressed in future studies as part of the breeding strategy. This study emphasizes the importance of using HTS for accurate identification and characterization of plant viruses that naturally infect tomato germplasm based on the consensus genome sequences. This study provides crucial insights to select appropriate disease management strategies and resistance genes and guide breeding efforts toward the development of virus-resistant tomato varieties.","['D010935', 'D018551', 'D059014', 'D000069600', 'D010942', 'D016679', 'D010802', 'D060467', 'D012367']"
38932176,Getting Hold of the Tobamovirus Particle-Why and How? Purification Routes over Time and a New Customizable Approach.,"This article develops a multi-perspective view on motivations and methods for tobamovirus purification through the ages and presents a novel, efficient, easy-to-use approach that can be well-adapted to different species of native and functionalized virions. We survey the various driving forces prompting researchers to enrich tobamoviruses, from the search for the causative agents of mosaic diseases in plants to their increasing recognition as versatile nanocarriers in biomedical and engineering applications. The best practices and rarely applied options for the serial processing steps required for successful isolation of tobamoviruses are then reviewed. Adaptations for distinct particle species, pitfalls, and 'forgotten' or underrepresented technologies are considered as well. The article is topped off with our own development of a method for virion preparation, rooted in historical protocols. It combines selective re-solubilization of polyethylene glycol (PEG) virion raw precipitates with density step gradient centrifugation in biocompatible iodixanol formulations, yielding ready-to-use particle suspensions. This newly established protocol and some considerations for perhaps worthwhile further developments could serve as putative stepping stones towards preparation procedures appropriate for routine practical uses of these multivalent soft-matter nanorods.","['D014771', 'D017898', 'D010935', 'D014773', 'D002499']"
38932147,"Characterization of Two Novel Single-Stranded RNA Viruses from Agroathelia rolfsii, the Causal Agent of Peanut Stem Rot.","Peanut stem rot is a soil-borne disease caused by Agroathelia rolfsii. It occurs widely and seriously affects the peanut yield in most peanut-producing areas. The mycoviruses that induce the hypovirulence of some plant pathogenic fungi are potential resources for the biological control of fungal diseases in plants. Thus far, few mycoviruses have been found in A. rolfsii. In this study, two mitoviruses, namely, Agroathelia rolfsii mitovirus 1 (ArMV1) and Agroathelia rolfsii mitovirus 2 (ArMV2), were identified from the weakly virulent A. rolfsii strain GP3-1, and they were also found in other A. rolfsii isolates. High amounts of ArMV1 and ArMV2in the mycelium could reduce the virulence of A. rolfsii strains. This is the first report on the existence of mitoviruses in A. rolfsii. The results of this study may provide insights into the classification and evolution of mitoviruses in A. rolfsii and enable the exploration of the use of mycoviruses as biocontrol agents for the control of peanut stem rot.","['D010367', 'D010935', 'D012328', 'D010802', 'D000067148', 'D016679', 'D014774', 'D012367']"
38932116,Mapping the CP-Transgene Insert in the Papaya Genome and Developing a Hermaphrodite Transgenic Hybrid with Broad-Spectrum Resistance to Papaya Ringspot Virus.,"Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) limits papaya production worldwide. Previously, we generated transgenic lines of hybrid Tainung No.2 (TN-2) carrying the coat protein (CP) gene of PRSV with broad resistance to PRSV strains. Unfortunately, all of them were female, unacceptable for growers and consumers in practical applications. With our reported flanking sequences and the newly released papaya genomic information, the CP-transgene insert was identified at a non-coding region in chromosome 3 of the papaya genome, and the flanking sequences were verified and extended. The female transgenic line 16-0-1 was first used for backcrossing with the parental Sunrise cultivar six times and then followed by selfing three times. With multi-level molecular markers developed from the PRSV CP transgene and the genomic flanking sequences, the presence and zygosity of the CP transgene were characterized at the seedling stage. Meanwhile, hermaphrodite genotype was identified by a sex-linked marker. With homozygotic transgene and horticultural properties of Sunrise, a selected hermaphrodite individual was propagated by tissue culture (TC) and used as maternal progenitor to cross with non-transgenic parental cultivar Thailand to generate a new hybrid cultivar TN-2 with a hemizygotic CP-transgene. Three selected hermaphrodite individuals of transgenic TN were micropropagated by TC, and they showed broad-spectrum resistance to different PRSV strains from Taiwan, Hawaii, Thailand, and Mexico under greenhouse conditions. The selected clone TN-2 #1, with excellent horticultural traits, also showed complete resistance to PRSV under field conditions. These selected TC clones of hermaphrodite transgenic TN-2 provide a novel cultivation system in Taiwan and elsewhere.","['D029441', 'D017800', 'D030821', 'D060467', 'D010935', 'D019076', 'D036022', 'D018745', 'D002874']"
38928507,Challenges and Opportunities Arising from Host-Botrytis cinerea Interactions to Outline Novel and Sustainable Control Strategies: The Key Role of RNA Interference.,"The necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea (Pers., 1794), the causative agent of gray mold disease, causes significant losses in agricultural production. Control of this fungal pathogen is quite difficult due to its wide host range and environmental persistence. Currently, the management of the disease is still mainly based on chemicals, which can have harmful effects not only on the environment and on human health but also because they favor the development of strains resistant to fungicides. The flexibility and plasticity of B. cinerea in challenging plant defense mechanisms and its ability to evolve strategies to escape chemicals require the development of new control strategies for successful disease management. In this review, some aspects of the host-pathogen interactions from which novel and sustainable control strategies could be developed (e.g., signaling pathways, molecules involved in plant immune mechanisms, hormones, post-transcriptional gene silencing) were analyzed. New biotechnological tools based on the use of RNA interference (RNAi) are emerging in the crop protection scenario as versatile, sustainable, effective, and environmentally friendly alternatives to the use of chemicals. RNAi-based fungicides are expected to be approved soon, although they will face several challenges before reaching the market.","['D020171', 'D034622', 'D010935', 'D054884', 'D005659']"
38928506,Siloxane Containing Polyether Groups-Synthesis and Use as an Anti-Biocorrosion Coating.,"In the presented study, the effectiveness of a siloxane polyether (HOL7) coating on glass against microbiological colonization was assessed using microalgae as a key component of widespread aerial biofilms. The siloxane polyether was successfully synthesized by a hydrosilylation reaction in the presence of Karstedt's catalyst. The product structure was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and GPC analysis. In addition, the thermal stability of HOL7 was studied by thermogravimetric measurement. Subsequently, the surfaces of glass plates were modified with the obtained organosilicon derivative. In the next step, a microalgal experiment was conducted. A mixture of four strains of algal taxa isolated from building materials was used for the experiment-Chlorodium saccharophilum PNK010, Klebsormidium flaccidum PNK013, Pseudostichococcus monallantoides PNK037, and Trebouxia aggregata PNK080. The choice of these algae followed from their wide occurrence in terrestrial environments. Application of an organofunctional siloxane compound on the glass reduced, more or less effectively, the photosynthetic activity of algal cells, depending on the concentration of the compound. Since the structure of the compound was not based on biocide-active agents, its effectiveness was associated with a reduction in water content in the cells.","['D012833', 'D058086', 'D018441', 'D004987', 'D005898', 'D010788']"
38928505,"Metabolomics Reveals the Impact of Overexpression of Cytosolic Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase on Photosynthesis and Growth in Nannochloropsis gaditana.","Nannochloropsis gaditana, a microalga known for its photosynthetic efficiency, serves as a cell factory, producing valuable biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, and pigments. These components make it an ideal candidate for biofuel production and pharmaceutical applications. In this study, we genetically engineered N. gaditana to overexpress the enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cyFBPase) using the Hsp promoter, aiming to enhance sugar metabolism and biomass accumulation. The modified algal strain, termed NgFBP, exhibited a 1.34-fold increase in cyFBPase activity under photoautotrophic conditions. This modification led to a doubling of biomass production and an increase in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content in fatty acids to 20.78-23.08%. Additionally, the genetic alteration activated the pathways related to glycine, protoporphyrin, thioglucosides, pantothenic acid, CoA, and glycerophospholipids. This shift in carbon allocation towards chloroplast development significantly enhanced photosynthesis and growth. The outcomes of this study not only improve our understanding of photosynthesis and carbon allocation in N. gaditana but also suggest new biotechnological methods to optimize biomass yield and compound production in microalgae.","['D010788', 'D006597', 'D058009', 'D058086', 'D055432', 'D018533', 'D003600']"
38928504,Melatonin: The Multifaceted Molecule in Plant Growth and Defense.,"Melatonin (MEL), a hormone primarily known for its role in regulating sleep and circadian rhythms in animals, has emerged as a multifaceted molecule in plants. Recent research has shed light on its diverse functions in plant growth and defense mechanisms. This review explores the intricate roles of MEL in plant growth and defense responses. MEL is involved in plant growth owing to its influence on hormone regulation. MEL promotes root elongation and lateral root formation and enhances photosynthesis, thereby promoting overall plant growth and productivity. Additionally, MEL is implicated in regulating the circadian rhythm of plants, affecting key physiological processes that influence plant growth patterns. MEL also exhibits antioxidant properties and scavenges reactive oxygen species, thereby mitigating oxidative stress. Furthermore, it activates defense pathways against various biotic stressors. MEL also enhances the production of secondary metabolites that contribute to plant resistance against environmental changes. MEL's ability to modulate plant response to abiotic stresses has also been extensively studied. It regulates stomatal closure, conserves water, and enhances stress tolerance by activating stress-responsive genes and modulating signaling pathways. Moreover, MEL and nitric oxide cooperate in stress responses, antioxidant defense, and plant growth. Understanding the mechanisms underlying MEL's actions in plants will provide new insights into the development of innovative strategies for enhancing crop productivity, improving stress tolerance, and combating plant diseases. Further research in this area will deepen our knowledge of MEL's intricate functions and its potential applications in sustainable agriculture.","['D008550', 'D063245', 'D000975', 'D013312', 'D010944', 'D002940', 'D010937', 'D018506']"
38928427,Modulation of Photosystem II Function in Celery via Foliar-Applied Salicylic Acid during Gradual Water Deficit Stress.,"Water deficit is the major stress factor magnified by climate change that causes the most reductions in plant productivity. Knowledge of photosystem II (PSII) response mechanisms underlying crop vulnerability to drought is critical to better understanding the consequences of climate change on crop plants. Salicylic acid (SA) application under drought stress may stimulate PSII function, although the exact mechanism remains essentially unclear. To reveal the PSII response mechanism of celery plants sprayed with water (WA) or SA, we employed chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis at 48 h, 96 h, and 192 h after watering. The results showed that up to 96 h after watering, the stroma lamellae of SA-sprayed leaves appeared dilated, and the efficiency of PSII declined, compared to WA-sprayed plants, which displayed a better PSII function. However, 192 h after watering, the stroma lamellae of SA-sprayed leaves was restored, while SA boosted chlorophyll synthesis, and by ameliorating the osmotic potential of celery plants, it resulted in higher relative leaf water content compared to WA-sprayed plants. SA, by acting as an antioxidant under drought stress, suppressed phototoxicity, thereby offering PSII photoprotection, together with enhanced effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) and decreased quantity of singlet oxygen (1O2) generation compared to WA-sprayed plants. The PSII photoprotection mechanism induced by SA under drought stress was triggered by non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), which is a strategy to protect the chloroplast from photo-oxidative damage by dissipating the excess light energy as heat. This photoprotective mechanism, triggered by NPQ under drought stress, was adequate in keeping, especially in high-light conditions, an equal fraction of open PSII reaction centers (qp) as of non-stress conditions. Thus, under water deficit stress, SA activates a regulatory network of stress and light energy partitioning signaling that can mitigate, to an extent, the water deficit stress on PSII functioning.","['D045332', 'D020156', 'D018515', 'D002734', 'D000077102', 'D055864', 'D014867', 'D010788', 'D003681', 'D013312']"
38928342,The Identification and Gene Mapping of Spotted Leaf Mutant spl43 in Rice.,"Our study investigates the genetic mechanisms underlying the spotted leaf phenotype in rice, focusing on the spl43 mutant. This mutant is characterized by persistent reddish-brown leaf spots from the seedling stage to maturity, leading to extensive leaf necrosis. Using map-based cloning, we localized the responsible locus to a 330 Kb region on chromosome 2. We identified LOC_Os02g56000, named OsRPT5A, as the causative gene. A point mutation in OsRPT5A, substituting valine for glutamic acid, was identified as the critical factor for the phenotype. Functional complementation and the generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout lines in the IR64 background confirmed the central role of OsRPT5A in controlling this trait. The qPCR results from different parts of the rice plant revealed that OsRPT5A is constitutively expressed across various tissues, with its subcellular localization unaffected by the mutation. Notably, we observed an abnormal accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in spl43 mutants by examining the physiological indexes of leaves, suggesting a disruption in the ROS system. Complementation studies indicated OsRPT5A's involvement in ROS homeostasis and catalase activity regulation. Moreover, the spl43 mutant exhibited enhanced resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), highlighting OsRPT5A's role in rice pathogen resistance mechanisms. Overall, our results suggest that OsRPT5A plays a critical role in regulating ROS homeostasis and enhancing pathogen resistance in rice.","['D012275', 'D018515', 'D010940', 'D002874', 'D014974', 'D010935', 'D017382', 'D060467', 'D009154', 'D010641', 'D018506']"
38928313,"Genetic Basis Identification of a NLR Gene, TaRGA5-like, That Confers Partial Powdery Mildew Resistance in Wheat SJ106.","Wheat powdery mildew is an important fungal disease that seriously jeopardizes wheat production, which poses a serious threat to food safety. SJ106 is a high-quality, disease-resistant spring wheat variety; this disease resistance is derived from Wheat-wheatgrass 33. In this study, the powdery mildew resistance genes in SJ106 were located at the end of chromosome 6DS, a new disease resistance locus tentatively named PmSJ106 locus. This interval was composed of a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) gene cluster containing 19 NLR genes. Five NLRs were tandem duplicated genes, and one of them (a coiled coil domain-nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat (CC-NBS-LRR; CNL) type gene, TaRGA5-like) expressed 69-836-fold in SJ106 compared with the susceptible control. The genome DNA and cDNA sequences of TaRGA5-like were amplified from SJ106, which contain several nucleotide polymorphisms in LRR regions compared with susceptible individuals and Chinese Spring. Overexpression of TaRGA5-like significantly increased resistance to powdery mildew in susceptible receptor wheat Jinqiang5. However, Virus induced gene silence (VIGS) of TaRGA5-like resulted in only a small decrease of SJ106 in disease resistance, presumably compensated by other NLR duplicated genes. The results suggested that TaRGA5-like confers partial powdery mildew resistance in SJ106. As a member of the PmSJ106 locus, TaRGA5-like functioned together with other NLR duplicated genes to improve wheat resistance to powdery mildew. Wheat variety SJ106 would become a novel and potentially valuable germplasm for powdery mildew resistance.","['D014908', 'D060467', 'D010935', 'D010940', 'D000070576', 'D001203', 'D002874', 'D017343', 'D005810', 'D018506', 'D032461']"
38928236,"Exogenous Application of dsRNA in Plant Protection: Efficiency, Safety Concerns and Risk Assessment.","The use of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) for plant protection shows great potential as a sustainable alternative to traditional pesticides. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on using exogenous dsRNA in plant protection and includes the latest findings on the safety and efficiency of this strategy. The review also emphasizes the need for a cautious and comprehensive approach, considering safety considerations such as off-target effects and formulation challenges. The regulatory landscape in different regions is also discussed, underscoring the need for specific guidelines tailored to dsRNA-based pesticides. The review provides a crucial resource for researchers, regulators, and industry stakeholders, promoting a balanced approach incorporating innovation with thorough safety assessments. The continuous dialog emphasized in this review is essential for shaping the future of dsRNA-based plant protection. As the field advances, collaboration among scientists, regulators, and industry partners will play a vital role in establishing guidelines and ensuring the responsible, effective, and sustainable use of dsRNA in agriculture.","['D012330', 'D018570', 'D018556', 'D000069601', 'D010575', 'D010935', 'D000383']"
38928189,"A Novel 10-Base Pair Deletion in the First Exon of GmHY2a Promotes Hypocotyl Elongation, Induces Early Maturation, and Impairs Photosynthetic Performance in Soybean.","Plants photoreceptors perceive changes in light quality and intensity and thereby regulate plant vegetative growth and reproductive development. By screening a γ irradiation-induced mutant library of the soybean (Glycine max) cultivar ""Dongsheng 7"", we identified Gmeny, a mutant with elongated nodes, yellowed leaves, decreased chlorophyll contents, altered photosynthetic performance, and early maturation. An analysis of bulked DNA and RNA data sampled from a population segregating for Gmeny, using the BVF-IGV pipeline established in our laboratory, identified a 10 bp deletion in the first exon of the candidate gene Glyma.02G304700. The causative mutation was verified by a variation analysis of over 500 genes in the candidate gene region and an association analysis, performed using two populations segregating for Gmeny. Glyma.02G304700 (GmHY2a) is a homolog of AtHY2a in Arabidopsis thaliana, which encodes a PΦB synthase involved in the biosynthesis of phytochrome. A transcriptome analysis of Gmeny using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) revealed changes in multiple functional pathways, including photosynthesis, gibberellic acid (GA) signaling, and flowering time, which may explain the observed mutant phenotypes. Further studies on the function of GmHY2a and its homologs will help us to understand its profound regulatory effects on photosynthesis, photomorphogenesis, and flowering time.","['D013025', 'D010788', 'D005091', 'D018506', 'D018546', 'D017384', 'D010940', 'D005875', 'D020869', 'D010641']"
38928169,Pathogenesis-Related 1 (PR1) Protein Family Genes Involved in Sugarcane Responses to Ustilago scitaminea Stress.,"Plant resistance against biotic stressors is significantly influenced by pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1) proteins. This study examines the systematic identification and characterization of PR1 family genes in sugarcane (Saccharum spontaneum Np-X) and the transcript expression of selected genes in two sugarcane cultivars (ROC22 and Zhongtang3) in response to Ustilago scitaminea pathogen infection. A total of 18 SsnpPR1 genes were identified at the whole-genome level and further categorized into four groups. Notably, tandem and segmental duplication occurrences were detected in one and five SsnpPR1 gene pairs, respectively. The SsnpPR1 genes exhibited diverse physio-chemical attributes and variations in introns/exons and conserved motifs. Notably, four SsnpPR1 (SsnpPR1.02/05/09/19) proteins displayed a strong protein-protein interaction network. The transcript expression of three SsnpPR1 (SsnpPR1.04/06/09) genes was upregulated by 1.2-2.6 folds in the resistant cultivar (Zhongtang3) but downregulated in the susceptible cultivar (ROC22) across different time points as compared to the control in response to pathogen infection. Additionally, SsnpPR1.11 was specifically upregulated by 1.2-3.5 folds at 24-72 h post inoculation (hpi) in ROC22, suggesting that this gene may play an important negative regulatory role in defense responses to pathogen infection. The genetic improvement of sugarcane can be facilitated by our results, which also establish the basis for additional functional characterization of SsnpPR1 genes in response to pathogenic stress.","['D031786', 'D010940', 'D018506', 'D014588', 'D010935', 'D013312', 'D060467', 'D005810', 'D010802']"
38928141,Advances in Migratory Plant Endoparasitic Nematode Effectors.,"Unlike sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes, migratory plant endoparasitic nematodes (MPENs) are unable to establish permanent feeding sites, and all developmental stages (except eggs) can invade and feed on plant tissues and can be easily overlooked because of the unspecific symptoms. They cause numerous economic losses in agriculture, forestry, and horticulture. In order to understand the pathogenetic mechanism of MPENs, here we describe research on functions and host targets focused on currently identified effectors from six MPENs, namely Radopholus similis, Pratylenchus spp., Ditylenchus destructor, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, Aphelenchoides besseyi, and Hirschmanniella oryzae. This information will provide valuable insights into understanding MPEN effectors and for future fostering advancements in plant protection.","['D000818', 'D010935', 'D006790', 'D010944', 'D009348', 'D015801']"
38928124,MassARRAY and SABER Analyses of SNPs in Embryo DNA Reveal the Abscission of Self-Fertilised Progeny during Fruit Development of Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche).,"Yield in many crops is affected by abscission during the early stages of fruitlet development. The reasons for fruitlet abscission are often unclear but they may include genetic factors because, in some crops, self-pollinated fruitlets are more likely to abscise than cross-pollinated fruitlets. Pollen parentage can also affect final fruit size and fruit quality. Here, we aimed to understand the effects of pollen parentage on fruitlet retention and nut quality in orchards of macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche). We identified the pollen parent of macadamia 'cultivar '816' embryos by analysing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in their DNA using customised MassARRAY and Single Allele Base Extension Reaction (SABER) methods. This allowed us to determine the proportions of self-fertilised and cross-fertilised progeny during premature fruit drop at 6 weeks and 10 weeks after peak anthesis, as well as at nut maturity. We determined how pollen parentage affected nut-in-shell (NIS) mass, kernel mass, kernel recovery, and oil concentration. Macadamia trees retained cross-fertilised fruitlets rather than self-fertilised fruitlets. The percentage of progeny that were cross-fertilised increased from 6% at 6 weeks after peak anthesis to 97% at nut maturity, with each tree producing on average 22 self-fertilised nuts and 881 cross-fertilised nuts. Three of the four cross-pollen parents provided fruit with significantly higher NIS mass, kernel mass, or kernel recovery than the few remaining self-fertilised fruit. Fruit that were cross-fertilised by '842', 'A4', or 'A203' had 16-29% higher NIS mass and 24-44% higher kernel mass than self-fertilised fruit. Nuts that were cross-fertilised by 'A4' or 'A203' also had 5% or 6% higher kernel recovery, worth approximately $US460-540 more per ton for growers than self-fertilised nuts. The highly selective abscission of self-fertilised fruitlets and the lower nut quality of self-fertilised fruit highlight the critical importance of cross-pollination for macadamia productivity.","['D039106', 'D005638', 'D020641', 'D012639', 'D057945', 'D011058', 'D018744', 'D009754', 'D054817']"
38928022,Priming of Immune System in Tomato by Treatment with Low Concentration of L-Methionine.,"Various metabolites, including phytohormones, phytoalexins, and amino acids, take part in the plant immune system. Herein, we analyzed the effects of L-methionine (Met), a sulfur-containing amino acid, on the plant immune system in tomato. Treatment with low concentrations of Met enhanced the resistance of tomato to a broad range of diseases caused by the hemi-biotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) and the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea (Bc), although it did not induce the production of any antimicrobial substances against these pathogens in tomato leaf tissues. Analyses of gene expression and phytohormone accumulation indicated that Met treatment alone did not activate the defense signals mediated by salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene. However, the salicylic acid-responsive defense gene and the jasmonic acid-responsive gene were induced more rapidly in Met-treated plants after infection with Pst and Bc, respectively. These findings suggest that low concentrations of Met have a priming effect on the phytohormone-mediated immune system in tomato.","['D018551', 'D008715', 'D018506', 'D010935', 'D020171', 'D044224', 'D003517', 'D010937', 'D054883', 'D057865', 'D060467', 'D020156', 'D018515', 'D010940', 'D005030']"
38928017,Molecular Markers for Marker-Assisted Breeding for Biotic and Abiotic Stress in Melon (Cucumis melo L.): A Review.,"Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a globally grown crop renowned for its juice and flavor. Despite growth in production, the melon industry faces several challenges owing to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses throughout the growth and development of melon. The aim of the review article is to consolidate current knowledge on the genetic mechanism of both biotic and abiotic stress in melon, facilitating the development of robust, disease-resistant melon varieties. A comprehensive literature review was performed, focusing on recent genetic and molecular advancements related to biotic and abiotic stress responses in melons. The review emphasizes the identification and analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTLs), functional genes, and molecular markers in two sections. The initial section provides a comprehensive summary of the QTLs and major and minor functional genes, and the establishment of molecular markers associated with biotic (viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens, and nematodes) and abiotic stress (cold/chilling, drought, salt, and toxic compounds). The latter section briefly outlines the molecular markers employed to facilitate marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) and identify cultivars resistant to biotic and abiotic stressors, emphasizing their relevance in strategic marker-assisted melon breeding. These insights could guide the incorporation of specific traits, culminating in developing novel varieties, equipped to withstand diseases and environmental stresses by targeted breeding, that meet both consumer preferences and the needs of melon breeders.","['D028463', 'D013312', 'D000069600', 'D040641', 'D005819', 'D060467', 'D010935']"
38928010,Unraveling the Roles of Neuropeptides in the Chemosensation of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne javanica.,"The identification of novel drug targets in plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) is imperative due to the loss of traditional nematicides and a lack of replacements. Chemosensation, which is pivotal for PPNs in locating host roots, has become a focus in nematode behavioral research. However, its underlying molecular basis is still indistinct in such a diverse group of PPNs. To characterize genes participating in chemosensation in the Javanese root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica, RNA-sequencing of the second-stage juveniles (J2s) treated with tomato root exudate (TRE) for 1 h and 6 h was performed. Genes related to chemosensation in M. javanica mainly responded to TRE treatment at 1 h. Moreover, a gene ontology (GO) analysis underscored the significance of the neuropeptide G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. Consequently, the repertoire of putative neuropeptides in M. javanica, including FMRFamide-like peptides (FLPs), insulin-like peptides (ILPs), and neuropeptide-like peptides (NLPs), were outlined based on a homology analysis. The gene Mjflp-14a, harboring two neuropeptides, was significantly up-regulated at 1 h TRE treatment. Through peptide synthesis and J2 treatment, one of the two neuropeptides (MjFLP-14-2) was proven to influence the J2 chemotaxis towards tomato root tips. Overall, our study reinforces the potential of nematode neuropeptides as novel targets and tools for root-knot nematode control.","['D000818', 'D014431', 'D009479', 'D018517', 'D018551', 'D010935', 'D002633', 'D015801']"
38927754,Inheritance of Resistance to Chickpea Fusarium Wilt Disease (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris Race 2) in a Wide-Cross Cicer arietinum × Cicer reticulatum Mapping Family.,"Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is a major food legume providing high quality nutrition, especially in developing regions. Chickpea wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris) causes significant annual losses. Integrated disease management of Fusarium wilt is supported by resistant varieties. Relatively few resistance genes are known so there is value in exploring genetic resources in chickpea wild relatives. This study investigates the inheritance of Fusarium wilt resistance (race 2) in recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between a cultivated susceptible chickpea variety (Gokce) and a wild resistant Cicer reticulatum line (Kayat-077). RILs, parents, resistant and susceptible tester lines were twice grown in the greenhouse with inoculation and disease symptoms scored. DNA was extracted from dried leaves and individuals were single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyped. SNPs were placed on the reference chickpea genome and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was performed. Significant QTL regions were examined using PulseDB to identify candidate genes. The results showed the segregation of Fusarium wilt resistance conforming to a single gene inheritance. One significant QTL was found at the start of chromosome 8, containing 138 genes, three of which were disease-resistance candidates for chickpea breeding.","['D029863', 'D005670', 'D060467', 'D040641', 'D010935', 'D020641', 'D002874', 'D000069600']"
38927730,Assessing Falling Number Stability Increases the Genomic Prediction Ability of Pre-Harvest Sprouting Resistance in Common Winter Wheat.,"Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) resistance is a complex trait, and many genes influencing the germination process of winter wheat have already been described. In the light of interannual climate variation, breeding for PHS resistance will remain mandatory for wheat breeders. Several tests and traits are used to assess PHS resistance, i.e., sprouting scores, germination index, and falling number (FN), but the variation of these traits is highly dependent on the weather conditions during field trials. Here, we present a method to assess falling number stability (FNS) employing an after-ripening period and the wetting of the kernels to improve trait variation and thus trait heritability. Different genome-based prediction scenarios within and across two subsequent seasons based on overall 400 breeding lines were applied to assess the predictive abilities of the different traits. Based on FNS, the genome-based prediction of the breeding values of wheat breeding material showed higher correlations across seasons (r=0.505-0.548) compared to those obtained for other traits for PHS assessment (r=0.216-0.501). By weighting PHS-associated quantitative trait loci (QTL) in the prediction model, the average predictive abilities for FNS increased from 0.585 to 0.648 within the season 2014/2015 and from 0.649 to 0.714 within the season 2015/2016. We found that markers in the Phs-A1 region on chromosome 4A had the highest effect on the predictive abilities for FNS, confirming the influence of this QTL in wheat breeding material, whereas the dwarfing genes Rht-B1 and Rht-D1 and the wheat-rye translocated chromosome T1RS.1BL exhibited effects, which are well-known, on FN per se exclusively.","['D014908', 'D040641', 'D000069600', 'D018525', 'D012621', 'D018745', 'D010641', 'D023281']"
38927717,Analysis of Hyperosmotic Tolerance Mechanisms in Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis Based on Weighted Co-Expression Network Analysis.,"We conducted transcriptome sequencing on salt-tolerant mutants X5 and X3, and a control (Ctr) strain of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis after treatment with artificial seawater at varying salinities (30‱, 45‱, and 60‱) for 3 weeks. Differentially expressed genes were identified and a weighted co-expression network analysis was conducted. The blue, red, and tan modules were most closely associated with salinity, while the black, cyan, light cyan, and yellow modules showed a close correlation with strain attributes. KEGG enrichment of genes from the aforementioned modules revealed that the key enrichment pathways for salinity attributes included the proteasome and carbon fixation in photosynthesis, whereas the key pathways for strain attributes consisted of lipid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-activating protein receptor (SNARE) interactions in vesicular transport, and porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism. Gene expression for the proteasome and carbon fixation in photosynthesis was higher in all strains at 60‱. In addition, gene expression in the proteasome pathway was higher in the X5-60 than Ctr-60 and X3-60. Based on the above data and relevant literature, we speculated that mutant X5 likely copes with high salt stress by upregulating genes related to lysosome and carbon fixation in photosynthesis. The proteasome may be reset to adjust the organism's proteome composition to adapt to high-salt environments, while carbon fixation may aid in maintaining material and energy metabolism for normal life activities by enhancing carbon dioxide uptake via photosynthesis. The differences between the X5-30 and Ctr-30 expression of genes involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites, oxidative phosphorylation, and SNARE interactions in vesicular transport suggested that the X5-30 may differ from Ctr-30 in lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, and vesicular transport. Finally, among the key pathways with good correlation with salinity and strain traits, the key genes with significant correlation with salinity and strain traits were identified by correlation analysis.","['D055049', 'D059467', 'D053263', 'D054712', 'D010788', 'D009997', 'D046988', 'D020869', 'D050356']"
38927667,Transcriptional Comparison Reveals Differential Resistance Mechanisms between CMV-Resistant PBC688 and CMV-Susceptible G29.,"The Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) presents a significant threat to pepper cultivation worldwide, leading to substantial yield losses. We conducted a transcriptional comparative study between CMV-resistant (PBC688) and -susceptible (G29) pepper accessions to understand the mechanisms of CMV resistance. PBC688 effectively suppressed CMV proliferation and spread, while G29 exhibited higher viral accumulation. A transcriptome analysis revealed substantial differences in gene expressions between the two genotypes, particularly in pathways related to plant-pathogen interactions, MAP kinase, ribosomes, and photosynthesis. In G29, the resistance to CMV involved key genes associated with calcium-binding proteins, pathogenesis-related proteins, and disease resistance. However, in PBC688, the crucial genes contributing to CMV resistance were ribosomal and chlorophyll a-b binding proteins. Hormone signal transduction pathways, such as ethylene (ET) and abscisic acid (ABA), displayed distinct expression patterns, suggesting that CMV resistance in peppers is associated with ET and ABA. These findings deepen our understanding of CMV resistance in peppers, facilitating future research and variety improvement.","['D017799', 'D060467', 'D010935', 'D002212', 'D018506', 'D000040', 'D005030', 'D059467', 'D010940', 'D020869', 'D054884', 'D010937']"
38927664,Knockout of the Chlorophyll a Oxygenase Gene OsCAO1 Reduces Chilling Tolerance in Rice Seedlings.,"Chilling stress is one of the main abiotic factors affecting rice growth and yield. In rice, chlorophyllide a oxygenase encoded by OsCAO1 is responsible for converting chlorophyllide a to chlorophyllide b, playing a crucial role in photosynthesis and thus rice growth. However, little is known about the function of OsCAO1 in chilling stress responses. The presence of the cis-acting element involved in low-temperature responsiveness (LTR) in the OsCAO1 promoter implied that OsCAO1 probably is a cold-responsive gene. The gene expression level of OsCAO1 was usually inhibited by low temperatures during the day and promoted by low temperatures at night. The OsCAO1 knockout mutants generated by the CRISPR-Cas9 technology in rice (Oryza sativa L.) exhibited significantly weakened chilling tolerance at the seedling stage. OsCAO1 dysfunction led to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, an increase in relative electrolyte leakage, and a reduction in antioxidant gene expression under chilling stress. In addition, the functional deficiency of OsCAO1 resulted in more severe damage to chloroplast morphology, such as abnormal grana thylakoid stacking, caused by low temperatures. Moreover, the rice yield was reduced in OsCAO1 knockout mutants. Therefore, the elevated expression of OsCAO1 probably has the potential to increase both rice yield and chilling tolerance simultaneously, providing a strategy to cultivate chilling-tolerant rice varieties with high yields.","['D012275', 'D036226', 'D003080', 'D018506', 'D010940', 'D010105', 'D058639', 'D055786', 'D017382', 'D002734', 'D010788']"
38927633,Identification of Barley yellow mosaic virus Isolates Breaking rym3 Resistance in Japan.,"In early spring 2018, significant mosaic disease symptoms were observed for the first time on barley leaves (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. New Sachiho Golden) in Takanezawa, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. This cultivar carries the resistance gene rym3 (rym; resistance to yellow mosaic). Through RNA-seq analysis, Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV-Takanezawa) was identified in the roots of all five plants (T01-T05) in the field. Phylogenetic analysis of RNA1, encompassing known BaYMV pathotypes I through V, revealed that it shares the same origin as isolate pathotype IV (BaYMV-Ohtawara pathotype). However, RNA2 analysis of isolates revealed the simultaneous presence of two distinct BaYMV isolates, BaYMV-Takanezawa-T01 (DRR552862, closely related to pathotype IV) and BaYMV-Takanezawa-T02 (DRR552863, closely related to pathotype III). The amino acid sequences of the BaYMV-Takanezawa isolates displayed variations, particularly in the VPg and N-terminal region of CP, containing mutations not found in other domains of the virus genome. Changes in the CI (RNA1 amino acid residue 459) and CP (RNA1 amino acid residue 2138) proteins correlated with pathogenicity. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring and understanding the genetic diversity of BaYMV for effective disease management strategies in crop breeding.","['D001467', 'D010935', 'D007564', 'D060467', 'D010802', 'D012367', 'D019176']"
38927602,Identification of ARF Genes and Elucidation of the Regulatory Effects of PsARF16a on the Dormancy of Tree Peony Plantlets.,"The low survival rate of transplanted plantlets, which has limited the utility of tissue-culture-based methods for the rapid propagation of tree peonies, is due to plantlet dormancy after rooting. We previously determined that the auxin response factor PsARF may be a key regulator of tree peony dormancy. To clarify the mechanism mediating tree peony plantlet dormancy, PsARF genes were systematically identified and analyzed. Additionally, PsARF16a was transiently expressed in the leaves of tree peony plantlets to examine its regulatory effects on a downstream gene network. Nineteen PsARF genes were identified and divided into four classes. All PsARF genes encoded proteins with conserved B3 and ARF domains. The number of motifs, exons, and introns varied between PsARF genes in different classes. The overexpression of PsARF16a altered the expression of NCED, ZEP, PYL, GA2ox1, GID1, and other key genes in abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) signal transduction pathways, thereby promoting ABA synthesis and decreasing GA synthesis. Significant changes to the expression of some key genes contributing to starch and sugar metabolism (e.g., AMY2A, BAM3, BGLU, STP, and SUS2) may be associated with the gradual conversion of sugar into starch. This study provides important insights into PsARF functions in tree peonies.","['D018506', 'D010940', 'D057445', 'D029596', 'D000040', 'D005875', 'D010937', 'D014197', 'D014157', 'D015398']"
38927601,Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the RWP-RK Proteins in Zanthoxylum armatum.,"Apomixis is a common reproductive characteristic of Zanthoxylum plants, and RWP-RKs are plant-specific transcription factors known to regulate embryonic development. However, the genome-wide analysis and function prediction of RWP-RK family genes in Z. armatum are unclear. In this study, 36 ZaRWP-RK transcription factors were identified in the genome of Z. armatum, among which 15 genes belonged to the RKD subfamily and 21 belonged to the NLP subfamily. Duplication events of ZaRWP-RK genes were mainly segmental duplication, and synteny analysis revealed a close phylogenetic relationship between Z. armatum and Arabidopsis. The analysis of cis-elements indicated that ZaRWP-RK genes may be involved in the regulation of the embryonic development of Z. armatum by responding to plant hormones such as abscisic acid, auxin, and gibberellin. Results of a real-time PCR showed that the expression levels of most ZaRWP-RK genes were significantly increased from flowers to young fruits. Protein-protein interaction network analysis further revealed the potential roles of the ZaRWP-RK proteins in apomixis. Collectively, this study is expected to improve our understanding of ZaRWP-RK transcription factors and provide a theoretical basis for future investigations into the ZaRWP-RK genes and their regulatory mechanisms in the apomixis process of Z. armatum.","['D032106', 'D010940', 'D018506', 'D010802', 'D014157', 'D018745', 'D010937', 'D060832', 'D017360']"
38927135,The Rhododendron Chrysanthum Pall.s' Acetylation Modification of Rubisco Enzymes Controls Carbon Cycling to Withstand UV-B Stress.,"Lysine acetylation of proteins plays a critical regulatory function in plants. A few advances have been made in the study of plant acetylproteome. However, until now, there have been few data on Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall. (R. chrysanthum). We analyzed the molecular mechanisms of photosynthesis and stress resistance in R. chrysanthum under UV-B stress. We measured chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of R. chrysanthum under UV-B stress and performed a multi-omics analysis. Based on the determination of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, R. chrysanthum Y(NO) (Quantum yield of non-photochemical quenching) increased under UV-B stress, indicating that the plant was damaged and photosynthesis decreased. In the analysis of acetylated proteomics data, acetylated proteins were found to be involved in a variety of biological processes. Notably, acetylated proteins were significantly enriched in the pathways of photosynthesis and carbon fixation, suggesting that lysine acetylation modifications have an important role in these activities. Our findings suggest that R. chrysanthum has decreased photosynthesis and impaired photosystems under UV-B stress, but NPQ shows that plants are resistant to UV-B. Acetylation proteomics revealed that up- or down-regulation of acetylation modification levels alters protein expression. Acetylation modification of key enzymes of the Calvin cycle (Rubisco, GAPDH) regulates protein expression, making Rubisco and GAPDH proteins expressed as significantly different proteins, which in turn affects the carbon fixation capacity of R. chrysanthum. Thus, Rubisco and GAPDH are significantly differentially expressed after acetylation modification, which affects the carbon fixation capacity and thus makes the plant resistant to UV-B stress. Lysine acetylation modification affects biological processes by regulating the expression of key enzymes in photosynthesis and carbon fixation, making plants resistant to UV-B stress.","['D000107', 'D014466', 'D010788', 'D057486', 'D029793', 'D012273', 'D013312', 'D010940', 'D040901', 'D018506', 'D002734', 'D008239']"
38927018,New Frontiers in Potato Breeding: Tinkering with Reproductive Genes and Apomixis.,"Potato is the most important non-cereal crop worldwide, and, yet, genetic gains in potato have been traditionally delayed by the crop's biology, mostly the genetic heterozygosity of autotetraploid cultivars and the intricacies of the reproductive system. Novel site-directed genetic modification techniques provide opportunities for designing climate-smart cultivars, but they also pose new possibilities (and challenges) for breeding potato. As potato species show a remarkable reproductive diversity, and their ovules have a propensity to develop apomixis-like phenotypes, tinkering with reproductive genes in potato is opening new frontiers in potato breeding. Developing diploid varieties instead of tetraploid ones has been proposed as an alternative way to fill the gap in genetic gain, that is being achieved by using gene-edited self-compatible genotypes and inbred lines to exploit hybrid seed technology. In a similar way, modulating the formation of unreduced gametes and synthesizing apomixis in diploid or tetraploid potatoes may help to reinforce the transition to a diploid hybrid crop or enhance introgression schemes and fix highly heterozygous genotypes in tetraploid varieties. In any case, the induction of apomixis-like phenotypes will shorten the time and costs of developing new varieties by allowing the multi-generational propagation through true seeds. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on potato reproductive phenotypes and underlying genes, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using potato's natural variability to modulate reproductive steps during seed formation, and consider strategies to synthesize apomixis. However, before we can fully modulate the reproductive phenotypes, we need to understand the genetic basis of such diversity. Finally, we visualize an active, central role for genebanks in this endeavor by phenotyping properly genotyped genebank accessions and new introductions to provide scientists and breeders with reliable data and resources for developing innovations to exploit market opportunities.","['D011198', 'D000069600', 'D060832', 'D012098', 'D017343', 'D010641', 'D057891', 'D005838']"
38926889,Green synthesis of a dual-functional sulfur nanofertilizer to promote growth and enhance salt stress resilience in faba bean.,"Salinity is a major abiotic stress, and the use of saline water in the agricultural sector will incur greater demand under the current and future climate changing scenarios. The objective of this study was to develop a dual-functional nanofertilizer capable of releasing a micronutrient that nourishes plant growth while enhancing salt stress resilience in faba bean (Vicia faba L.).","['D031307', 'D000077323', 'D013455', 'D053758', 'D005308', 'D000975', 'D018515', 'D010788']"
38926877,Trichomes and unique gene expression confer insect herbivory resistance in Vitis labrusca grapevines.,"Grapevine (Vitis) is one of the world's most valuable fruit crops, but insect herbivory can decrease yields. Understanding insect herbivory resistance is critical to mitigating these losses. Vitis labrusca, a wild North American grapevine species, has been leveraged in breeding programs to generate hybrid grapevines with enhanced abiotic and biotic stress resistance, rendering it a valuable genetic resource for sustainable viticulture. This study assessed the resistance of V. labrusca acc. 'GREM4' and Vitis vinifera cv. 'PN40024' grapevines to Popillia japonica (Japanese beetle) herbivory and identified morphological and genetic adaptations underlying this putative resistance.","['D000818', 'D027843', 'D060434', 'D064201', 'D001517', 'D018515', 'D018506', 'D000082462']"
38926865,"Ameliorative impacts of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on seedling growth, physiological biomarkers, and gene expression in eight wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars under salt stress.","Plants spontaneously accumulate γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a nonprotein amino acid, in response to various stressors. Nevertheless, there is limited knowledge regarding the precise molecular mechanisms that plants employ to cope with salt stress. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of GABA on the salt tolerance of eight distinct varieties of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by examining plant growth rates and physiological and molecular response characteristics. The application of salt stress had a detrimental impact on plant growth markers. Nevertheless, the impact was mitigated by the administration of GABA in comparison to the control treatment. When the cultivars Gemmiza 7, Gemmiza 9, and Gemmiza 12 were exposed to GABA at two distinct salt concentrations, there was a substantial increase in both the leaf chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate. Both the control wheat cultivars and the plants exposed to salt treatment and GABA treatment showed alterations in stress-related biomarkers and antioxidants. This finding demonstrated that GABA plays a pivotal role in mitigating the impact of salt treatments on wheat cultivars. Among the eight examined kinds of wheat, CV. Gemmiza 7 and CV. Gemmiza 11 exhibited the most significant alterations in the expression of their TaSOS1 genes. CV. Misr 2, CV. Sakha 94, and CV. Sakha 95 exhibited the highest degree of variability in the expression of the NHX1, DHN3, and GR genes, respectively. The application of GABA to wheat plants enhances their ability to cope with salt stress by reducing the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other stress indicators, regulating stomatal aperture, enhancing photosynthesis, activating antioxidant enzymes, and upregulating genes involved in salt stress tolerance.","['D014908', 'D005680', 'D036226', 'D000077323', 'D018506', 'D015415', 'D010788', 'D055049', 'D002734', 'D000975']"
38926861,Microplastics increase cadmium absorption and impair nutrient uptake and growth in red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) in the presence of cadmium and biochar.,"Microplastic (MP) pollution in terrestrial ecosystems is gaining attention, but there is limited research on its effects on leafy vegetables when combined with heavy metals. This study examines the impact of three MP types-polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polystyrene (PS)-at concentrations of 0.02, 0.05, and 0.1% w/w, along with cadmium (Cd) and biochar (B), on germination, growth, nutrient absorption, and heavy metal uptake in red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.). We found that different MP types and concentrations did not negatively affect germination parameters like germination rate, relative germination rate, germination vigor, relative germination vigor, and germination speed. However, they increased phytotoxicity and decreased stress tolerance compared to an untreated control (CK1). The presence of MPs, particularly the PS type, reduced phosphorus and potassium uptake while enhancing Cd uptake. For example, treatments PS0.02CdB, PS0.05CdB, and PS0.1CdB increased Cd content in A. tricolor seedlings by 158%, 126%, and 44%, respectively, compared to the treatment CdB (CK2). Additionally, MP contamination led to reduced plant height, leaf dry matter content, and fresh and dry weights, indicating adverse effects on plant growth. Moreover, the presence of MPs increased bioconcentration factors and translocation factors for Cd, suggesting that MPs might act as carriers for heavy metal absorption in plants. On the positive side, the addition of biochar improved several root parameters, including root length, volume, surface area, and the number of root tips in the presence of MPs, indicating potential benefits for plant growth. Our study shows that the combination of MPs and Cd reduces plant growth and increases the risk of heavy metal contamination in food crops. Further research is needed to understand how different MP types and concentrations affect various plant species, which will aid in developing targeted mitigation strategies and in exploring the mechanisms through which MPs impact plant growth and heavy metal uptake. Finally, investigating the potential of biochar application in conjunction with other amendments in mitigating these effects could be key to addressing MP and heavy metal contamination in agricultural systems.","['D027721', 'D002104', 'D002606', 'D000080545', 'D012989', 'D018525', 'D000078622', 'D036226']"
38926703,Soil salinity regulates spatial-temporal heterogeneity of seed germination and seedbank persistence of an annual diaspore-trimorphic halophyte in northern China.,"Seed heteromorphism is a plant strategy that an individual plant produces two or more distinct types of diaspores, which have diverse morphology, dispersal ability, ecological functions and different effects on plant life history traits. The aim of this study was to test the effects of seasonal soil salinity and burial depth on the dynamics of dormancy/germination and persistence/depletion of buried trimorphic diaspores of a desert annual halophyte Atriplex centralasiatica.","['D018525', 'D054712', 'D055051', 'D002681', 'D012987', 'D012639', 'D027466', 'D012621', 'D000068098', 'D057445', 'D013696']"
38926658,Seed priming with potassium nitrate alleviates the high temperature stress by modulating growth and antioxidant potential in carrot seeds and seedlings.,"Early season carrot (Daucus carota) production is being practiced in Punjab, Pakistan to meet the market demand but high temperature hampers the seed germination and seedling establishment which cause marked yield reduction. Seed priming with potassium nitrate breaks the seed dormancy and improves the seed germination and seedling growth potential but effects vary among the species and ecological conditions. The mechanism of KNO3 priming in high temperature stress tolerance is poorly understood yet. Thus, present study aimed to evaluate high temperature stress tolerance potential of carrot seeds primed with potassium nitrate and impacts on growth, physiological, and antioxidant defense systems. Carrot seeds of a local cultivar (T-29) were primed with various concentration of KNO3 (T0: unprimed (negative control), T1: hydroprimed (positive control), T2: 50 mM, T3:100mM, T4: 150 mM, T5: 200 mM, T6: 250 mM and T7: 300 mM) for 12 h each in darkness at 20 ± 2℃. Seed priming with 50 mM of KNO3 significantly enhanced the seed germination (36%), seedling growth (28%) with maximum seedling vigor (55%) and also exhibited 16.75% more carrot root biomass under high temperature stress as compared to respective control. Moreover, enzymatic activities including peroxidase, catalase, superoxidase dismutase, total phenolic contents, total antioxidants contents and physiological responses of plants were also improved in response to seed priming under high temperature stress. By increasing the level of KNO3, seed germination, growth and root biomass were reduced. These findings suggest that seed priming with 50 mM of KNO3 can be an effective strategy to improve germination, growth and yield of carrot cultivar (T-29) under high temperature stress in early cropping. This study also proposes that KNO3 may induces the stress memory by heritable modulations in chromosomal structure and methylation and acetylation of histones that may upregulate the hormonal and antioxidant activities to enhance the stress tolerance in plants.","['D000975', 'D036226', 'D009566', 'D012639', 'D018552', 'D017680', 'D018525', 'D006358']"
38926472,Allelopathic effects of Thuidium kanedae on four urban spontaneous plants.,"The spontaneous plant landscape is a key focus in the development of urban environments. While many spontaneous plants can coexist with bryophytes to create appealing wilderness landscapes, the potential allelopathic effects of bryophytes on the growth of neighboring spontaneous plants remain uncertain. This study evaluated the allelopathic impact of Thuidium kanedae aqueous extracts on the germination and seedling growth of prevalent urban spontaneous plants by analyzing seed germination, seedling growth morphology, and associated indices. We also investigated the allelopathic potential of the predominant compounds in the extract on seed germination. Our findings reveal that the aqueous extract significantly impeded the seed germination of Ophiopogon japonicus, Taraxacum mongolicum, and Viola philippica, with the level of inhibition correlating positively with concentration. In contrast, Senecio scandens seed germination showed a concentration-dependent reaction, with low concentrations promoting and high concentrations hindering germination. The extract consistently reduced root length in all four species, yet it appeared to increase root vigor. The chlorophyll content in O. japonicus and V. philippica seedlings reached a maximum at a concentration of 5 g/L and decreased with higher extract concentrations. The treatment resulted in elevated catalase and soluble protein levels in the seedlings, indicating that the extract induced stress and enhanced the stress resistance index. L-phenylalanine and 2-phenylethanol, substances present in the extract, were notably inhibitory to seed germination across all species, except for O. japonicus. Notably, 2-phenylethanol exhibited a stronger allelopathic effect than L-phenylalanine. Allelopathy synthetical effect evaluation showed that high concentration of aqueous extract allelopathic inhibition effect on seed germination of four plant species, but allelopathic promotion effect on physiological and biochemical growth of Taraxacum mongolicum, Senecio scandens and Viola philippica. In summary, the study demonstrates that bryophytes exert allelopathic effects on neighboring spontaneous plants, with the degree of influence varying among species. This suggests that the germination and growth of spontaneous plant seeds may be selective in bryophyte-dominated habitats and that the density of bryophytes could shape the evolution of these landscapes.","['D018525', 'D064089', 'D036226', 'D010936', 'D012639', 'D031205', 'D010675', 'D012674', 'D002734', 'D010649', 'D018517']"
38925582,Bumble bee responses to climate and landscapes: Investigating habitat associations and species assemblages across geographic regions in the United States of America.,"Bumble bees are integral pollinators of native and cultivated plant communities, but species are undergoing significant changes in range and abundance on a global scale. Climate change and land cover alteration are key drivers in pollinator declines; however, limited research has evaluated the cumulative effects of these factors on bumble bee assemblages. This study tests bumble bee assemblage (calculated as richness and abundance) responses to climate and land use by modeling species-specific habitat requirements, and assemblage-level responses across geographic regions. We integrated species richness, abundance, and distribution data for 18 bumble bee species with site-specific bioclimatic, landscape composition, and landscape configuration data to evaluate the effects of multiple environmental stressors on bumble bee assemblages throughout 433 agricultural fields in Florida, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, South Carolina, Utah, Virginia, and West Virginia from 2018 to 2020. Distinct east versus west groupings emerged when evaluating species-specific habitat associations, prompting a detailed evaluation of bumble bee assemblages by geographic region. Maximum temperature of warmest month and precipitation of driest month had a positive impact on bumble bee assemblages in the Corn Belt/Appalachian/northeast, southeast, and northern plains regions, but a negative impact on the mountain region. Further, forest land cover surrounding agricultural fields was highlighted as supporting more rich and abundant bumble bee assemblages. Overall, climate and land use combine to drive bumble bee assemblages, but how those processes operate is idiosyncratic and spatially contingent across regions. From these findings, we suggested regionally specific management practices to best support rich and abundant bumble bee assemblages in agroecosystems. Results from this study contribute to a better understanding of climate and landscape factors affecting bumble bees and their habitats throughout the United States.","['D000818', 'D001516', 'D057231', 'D017753', 'D014481', 'D044822', 'D000383', 'D054817']"
38924553,"The role of phytomelatonin in plant homeostasis, signaling, and crosstalk in abiotic stress mitigation.","In recent years, there has been an increase in the study of phytomelatonin. Having numerous functions in animals, melatonin produced by plants (phytomelatonin) is also a multi-regulatory molecule with great potential in plant physiology and in mitigating abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, chilling, heat, chemical contamination, and UV-radiation stress. This review highlights the primary functions of phytomelatonin as an anti-stress molecule against abiotic stress. We discuss the role of phytomelatonin as a master regulator, oxidative stress manager, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species regulator, and defense compounds inducer. Although there exist a handful of reviews on the crosstalk of phytomelatonin with other signaling molecules like auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, ethylene, nitric oxide, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid, this review looks at studies that have reported a few aspects of phytomelatonin with newly discovered signaling molecules along with classical signaling molecules with relation to abiotic stress tolerance. The research and applications of phytomelatonin with hydrogen sulfide, strigolactones, brassinosteroids, and polyamines are still in their nascent stage but hold a promising scope for the future. Additionally, this review states the recent developments in the signaling of phytomelatonin with nitrogen metabolism and nitrosative stress in plants.","['D008550', 'D006706', 'D013312', 'D015398', 'D010944', 'D018521', 'D010937']"
38924311,Revisiting the current and emerging concepts of postharvest fresh fruit and vegetable pathology for next-generation antifungal technologies.,"Fungal infections of fresh fruits and vegetables (FFVs) can lead to safety problems, including consumer poisoning by mycotoxins. Various strategies exist to control fungal infections of FFVs, but their effectiveness and sustainability are limited. Recently, new concepts based on the microbiome and pathobiome have emerged and offer a more holistic perspective for advancing postharvest pathogen control techniques. Understanding the role of the microbiome in FFV infections is essential for developing sustainable control strategies. This review examines current and emerging approaches to postharvest pathology. It reviews what is known about the initiation and development of infections in FFVs. As a promising concept, the pathobiome offers new insights into the basic mechanisms of microbial infections in FFVs. The underlying mechanisms uncovered by the pathobiome are being used to develop more relevant global antifungal strategies. This review will also focus on new technologies developed to target the microbiome and members of the pathobiome to control infections in FFVs and improve safety by limiting mycotoxin contamination. Specifically, this review stresses emerging technologies related to FFVs that are relevant for modifying the interaction between FFVs and the microbiome and include the use of microbial consortia, the use of genomic technology to manipulate host and microbial community genes, and the use of databases, deep learning, and artificial intelligence to identify pathobiome markers. Other approaches include programming the behavior of FFVs using synthetic biology, modifying the microbiome using sRNA technology, phages, quorum sensing, and quorum quenching strategies. Rapid adoption and commercialization of these technologies are recommended to further improve the overall safety of FFVs.","['D005638', 'D014675', 'D005658', 'D064307', 'D000935', 'D010935', 'D009183']"
38924248,A novel xylanase from a myxobacterium triggers a plant immune response in Nicotiana benthamiana.,"Xylanases derived from fungi, including phytopathogenic and nonpathogenic fungi, are commonly known to trigger plant immune responses. However, there is limited research on the ability of bacterial-derived xylanases to trigger plant immunity. Here, a novel xylanase named CcXyn was identified from the myxobacterium Cystobacter sp. 0969, which displays broad-spectrum activity against both phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. CcXyn belongs to the glycoside hydrolases (GH) 11 family and shares a sequence identity of approximately 32.0%-45.0% with fungal xylanases known to trigger plant immune responses. Treatment of Nicotiana benthamiana with purified CcXyn resulted in the induction of hypersensitive response (HR) and defence responses, such as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulation of defence gene expression, ultimately enhancing the resistance of N. benthamiana to Phytophthora nicotianae. These findings indicated that CcXyn functions as a microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) elicitor for plant immune responses, independent of its enzymatic activity. Similar to fungal xylanases, CcXyn was recognized by the NbRXEGL1 receptor on the cell membrane of N. benthamiana. Downstream signalling was shown to be independent of the BAK1 and SOBIR1 co-receptors, indicating the involvement of other co-receptors in signal transduction following CcXyn recognition in N. benthamiana. Moreover, xylanases from other myxobacteria also demonstrated the capacity to trigger plant immune responses in N. benthamiana, indicating that xylanases in myxobacteria are ubiquitous in triggering plant immune functions. This study expands the understanding of xylanases with plant immune response-inducing properties and provides a theoretical basis for potential applications of myxobacteria in biocontrol strategies against phytopathogens.","['D014026', 'D057865', 'D010935', 'D043364', 'D017382', 'D018506']"
38923971,Mitigation of salinity stress in yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) plants through spermidine application.,"This study investigated the mitigating effects of spermidine on salinity-stressed yarrow plants (Achillea millefolium L.), an economically important medicinal crop. Plants were treated with four salinity levels (0, 30, 60, 90 mM NaCl) and three spermidine concentrations (0, 1.5, 3 μM). Salinity induced electrolyte leakage in a dose-dependent manner, increasing from 22% at 30 mM to 56% at 90 mM NaCl without spermidine. However, 1.5 μM spermidine significantly reduced leakage across salinities by 1.35-11.2% relative to untreated stressed plants. Photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids) also exhibited salinity- and spermidine-modulated responses. While salinity decreased chlorophyll a, both spermidine concentrations increased chlorophyll b and carotenoids under most saline conditions. Salinity and spermidine synergistically elevated osmoprotectants proline and total carbohydrates, with 3 μM spermidine augmenting proline and carbohydrates up to 14.4% and 13.1% at 90 mM NaCl, respectively. Antioxidant enzymes CAT, POD and APX displayed complex regulation influenced by treatment factors. Moreover, salinity stress and spermidine also influenced the expression of linalool and pinene synthetase genes, with the highest expression levels observed under 90 mM salt stress and the application of 3 μM spermidine. The findings provide valuable insights into the responses of yarrow plants to salinity stress and highlight the potential of spermidine in mitigating the adverse effects of salinity stress.","['D013095', 'D031162', 'D000077323', 'D002734', 'D010788', 'D002338', 'D011392', 'D018506', 'D054712', 'D000975', 'D012965', 'D000077194']"
38923306,Evidence of a putative CO2 delivery system to the chromatophore in the photosynthetic amoeba Paulinella.,"The photosynthetic amoeba, Paulinella provides a recent (ca. 120 Mya) example of primary plastid endosymbiosis. Given the extensive data demonstrating host lineage-driven endosymbiont integration, we analysed nuclear genome and transcriptome data to investigate mechanisms that may have evolved in Paulinella micropora KR01 (hereinafter, KR01) to maintain photosynthetic function in the novel organelle, the chromatophore. The chromatophore is of α-cyanobacterial provenance and has undergone massive gene loss due to Muller's ratchet, but still retains genes that encode the ancestral α-carboxysome and the shell carbonic anhydrase, two critical components of the biophysical CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) in cyanobacteria. We identified KR01 nuclear genes potentially involved in the CCM that arose via duplication and divergence and are upregulated in response to high light and downregulated under elevated CO2. We speculate that these genes may comprise a novel CO2 delivery system (i.e., a biochemical CCM) to promote the turnover of the RuBisCO carboxylation reaction and counteract photorespiration. We posit that KR01 has an inefficient photorespiratory system that cannot fully recycle the C2 product of RuBisCO oxygenation back to the Calvin-Benson cycle. Nonetheless, both these systems appear to be sufficient to allow Paulinella to persist in environments dominated by faster-growing phototrophs.","['D002245', 'D010788', 'D002856', 'D013559', 'D000656', 'D000458', 'D010802']"
38922932,Dehydration and rehydration differently affect photosynthesis and volatile monoterpenes in bryophytes with contrasting ecological traits.,"Bryophytes desiccate rapidly when relative humidity decreases. The capacity to withstand dehydration depends on several ecological and physiological factors. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may have a role in enhancing tolerance to desiccating bryophytes. However, the functions of VOCs in bryophytes have received little attention so far. We aimed to investigate the impact of a dehydration-rehydration treatment on primary carbon metabolism and volatile terpenes (VTs) in three bryophytes with contrasting ecological traits: Vessicularia dubyana, Porella platyphylla and Pleurochaete squarrosa. First, we confirmed the desiccation sensitivity gradient of the species. Under fully hydrated conditions, the photosynthetic rate (A) was inversely associated with stress tolerance, with a lower rate in more tolerant species. The partial recovery of A in P. platyphylla and P. squarrosa after rehydration confirmed the desiccation tolerance of these two species. On the other hand, A did not recover after rehydration in V. dubyana. Regarding VT, each species exhibited a distinct VT profile under optimum hydration, with the highest VT pool found in the more desiccation-sensitive species (V. dubyana). However, the observed species-specific VT pattern could be associated with the ecological habitat of each species. P. squarrosa, a moss of dry habitats, may synthesize mainly non-volatile secondary metabolites as stress-defensive compounds. On the other hand, V. dubyana, commonly found submerged, may need to invest photosynthetically assimilated carbon to synthesize a higher amount of VTs to cope with transient water stress occurrence. Further research on the functions of VTs in bryophytes is needed to deepen our understanding of their ecological significance.","['D010788', 'D044002', 'D055549', 'D003681', 'D039821', 'D003890', 'D014867', 'D017753']"
38922545,Unraveling the enigma of root-knot nematodes: from origins to advanced management strategies in agriculture.,"Integrated management strategies, including novel nematicides and resilient cultivars, offer sustainable solutions to combat root-knot nematodes, crucial for safeguarding global agriculture against persistent threats. Root-knot nematodes (RKN) pose a significant threat to a diverse range of host plants, with their obligatory endoparasitic nature leading to substantial agricultural losses. RKN spend much of their lives inside or in contact by secreting plant cell wall-modifying enzymes resulting in the giant cell development for establishing host-parasite relationships. Additionally, inflicting physical harm to host plants, RKN also contributes to disease complexes creation with fungi and bacteria. This review comprehensively explores the origin, history, distribution, and physiological races of RKN, emphasizing their economic impact on plants through gall formation. Management strategies, ranging from cultural and physical to biological and chemical controls, along with resistance mechanisms and marker-assisted selection, are explored. While recognizing the limitations of traditional nematicides, recent breakthroughs in non-fumigant alternatives like fluensulfone, spirotetramat, and fluopyram offer promising avenues for sustainable RKN management. Despite the success of resistance mechanisms like the Mi gene, challenges persist, prompting the need for integrative approaches to tackle Mi-virulent isolates. In conclusion, the review stresses the importance of innovative and resilient control measures for sustainable agriculture, emphasizing ongoing research to address evolving challenges posed by RKN. The integration of botanicals, resistant cultivars, and biological controls, alongside advancements in non-fumigant nematicides, contributes novel insights to the field, laying the ground work for future research directions to ensure the long-term sustainability of agriculture in the face of persistent RKN threats.","['D000818', 'D010935', 'D018517', 'D000383', 'D014431', 'D006790', 'D060467', 'D018556', 'D000969']"
38922515,"Nanoparticles and root traits: mineral nutrition, stress tolerance and interaction with rhizosphere microbiota.","This review article highlights a broader perspective of NPs and plant-root interaction by focusing on their beneficial and deleterious impacts on root system architecture (RSA). The root performs a vital function by securing itself in the soil, absorbing and transporting water and nutrients to facilitate plant growth and productivity. In dicots, the architecture of the root system (RSA) is markedly shaped by the development of the primary root and its branches, showcasing considerable adaptability in response to changes in the environment. For promoting agriculture and combating global food hunger, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) may be an exciting option, for which it is essential to understand the behaviour of plants under NPs exposure. The nature of NPs and their physicochemical characteristics play a significant role in the positive/negative response of roots and shoots. Root morphological features, such as root length, root mass and root development features, may regulated positively/negatively by different types of NPs. In addition, application of NPs may also enhance nutrient transport and soil fertility by the promotion of soil microorganisms including plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) and also soil enzymes. Interestingly the interaction of nanomaterials (NMs) with rhizospheric bacteria can enhance plant development and soil health. However, some studies also suggested that the increased use of several types of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) may disrupt the equilibrium of the soil-root interface and unsafe morphogenesis by causing the browning of roots and suppressing the growth of root and soil microbes. Thus, this review article has sought to compile a broader perspective of NPs and plant-root interaction by focusing on their beneficial or deleterious impacts on RSA.","['D058441', 'D018517', 'D053758', 'D064307', 'D012988', 'D008903', 'D013312', 'D012987', 'D063245']"
38922375,A comprehensive review of soybean RNL and TIR domain proteins.,"Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms use the nucleotide-binding domain/leucine-rich repeat (NBD/LRR)-triggered immunity (NLR-triggered immunity) signaling pathway to defend against pathogens. Plant NLRs are intracellular immune receptors that can bind to effector proteins secreted by pathogens. Dicotyledonous plants express a type of NLR known as TIR domain-containing NLRs (TNLs). TIR domains are enzymes that catalyze the production of small molecules that are essential for immune signaling and lead to plant cell death. The activation of downstream TNL signaling components, such as enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (EDS1), phytoalexin deficient 4 (PAD4), and senescence-associated gene 101 (SAG101), is facilitated by these small molecules. Helper NLRs (hNLRs) and the EDS1-PAD4/SAG101 complex associate after activation, causing the hNLRs to oligomerize, translocate to the plasma membrane (PM), and produce cation-selective channels. According to a recent theory, cations enter cells through pores created by oligomeric hNLRs and trigger cell death. Occasionally, TNLs can self-associate to create higher-order oligomers. Here, we categorized soybean TNLs based on the protein domains that they possess. We believe that TNLs may help soybean plants effectively fight pathogens by acting as a source of genetic resistance. In summary, the purpose of this review is to elucidate the range of TNLs that are expressed in soybean.","['D010940', 'D013025', 'D000070576', 'D000072417', 'D057865', 'D010935', 'D015398', 'D018506']"
38922196,"Effect of temperature, light, seeding depth and mulch on germination of Commelina benghalensis and Richardia brasiliensis.","One of the major limitations to proper weed management is the lack of knowledge about the biology of the species. The aim of this study was to understand the influence of temperature and light on the germination and emergence of Commelina benghalensis and Richardia brasiliensis, as well as the influence of burial depth in the soil and the presence of mulch. The experiment regarding the influence of light and temperature on germination was conducted using a 2x4 factorial design, with two light conditions (presence for 12 hours and absence for 24 hours) and four temperature alternations every 12 hours (20-25 ºC, 20-30 ºC, 20-35 ºC, and 15-35 ºC), with four replications. The second experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications, testing seven sowing depths (0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 4.0; 6.0; 10.0 cm) in clay-textured soil. In the third experiment, millet, black oat, and sun hemp straw were placed on the surface of the pot where the weeds were sown. R. brasiliensis showed high germination rates at 15°-35°C and in the presence of light, indicating positive photoblastism, as the germination percentage was 63.50% in the presence of light and 1% without light. C. benghalensis showed higher germination rates at 20-35ºC, with a germination percentage of 46.5% under light treatment and 44% in the absence of light. R. brasiliensis exhibited the highest germination percentage at a depth of 0.5 cm, with 72.50%. C. benghalensis showed better germination at depths of 1 and 4 cm, with 48.33% and 49.16%, respectively. Both crotalaria and millet caused significant inhibition of germination in both weed species. R. brasiliensis and C. benghalensis exhibit higher seed germination under alternating temperatures, with R. brasiliensis displaying positive photoblastism and C. benghalensis being neutral. Greater seeding depths negatively influence germination, and cover crops such as crotalaria and millet can be used to suppress these weeds.","['D018525', 'D013696', 'D008027', 'D057685', 'D012987', 'D013997']"
38922195,"Pollen analysis of honey and pollen stored by Melipona (Melikerria) fasciculata Smith, 1854 (Apidae Meliponini), in an Amazon and Cerrado transition area, Maranhão, Brazil.","The identification of meliponicultural flora is fundamental for the preservation of bees, as well as enabling the development of pollinator management and reforestation programs. In this context, this study aimed to investigate the types of pollen found in the honey and pollen pots of the Melipona fasciculata bee in Arari, State of Maranhão, between August 2022 and July 2023. 40 types of pollen were identified, distributed among 18 botanical families, with Fabaceae standing out (46.15% in pollen pots and 37.86% in honey pots), Myrtaceae (11.53% in pollen and 13.51% in honey) and Rubiaceae (7.69% in pollen and 5.40% in honey). Sapindaceae, in the honey pots, accounted for 5.40%. The other families showed lower percentages, 3.84% in the pollen pots and 2.70% in the honey pots. In terms of similarity, two distinct groups were observed in both the pollen and honey pots. In the pollen pots, group A (May-June ~ 97%) and group B (Feb-Mar ~ 99%) stood out, while in the honey pots, group A (Mar-Apr ~ 98%) and group B (Jun-Jul-Sept ~ 98%) showed the highest percentages. These findings highlight the wide range of resources used by the M. fasciculata species, as well asits preference for Fabaceae and Myrtaceae, due to the diversity and availability of trophic resources. An understanding of the meliponicultural flora is essential to support effective conservation strategies, which aim not only to guarantee the survival of the bees, but also to ensure the continued production of honey, a resource of great importance to local communities.","['D011058', 'D006722', 'D001516', 'D000818', 'D001938', 'D012621', 'D054817']"
38922190,The allelopathic effects of aqueous Talinum triangulare (jacq.) willd extracts on the development of Lactuca sativa L. seedlings.,"Plants that produce allelopathic compounds against weeds have emerged as a potential solution for the development of ecologically correct bioherbicides. Talinum triangulare is noteworthy in this regard, as its phytochemical composition encompasses flavonoids, alkaloids and other metabolites that can be used to develop inhibitory weed growth solutions. Lactuca sativa (lettuce) has been widely applied as a bioindicator species for bioherbicides and several chemicals, animal waste, water and soil quality, and atmospheric contamination, among others. In this context, this study aimed to assess the potential allelopathic effect of aqueous T. triangulare extracts on the development of L. sativa seedlings. A completely randomized design employing a 2x4 factorial scheme (shoot and root extracts) x the concentration of each extract (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5%) was applied, comprising four replications. Lactuca sativa seeds were sown on germitest papers soaked with the extracts in a germination chamber at 20°C. Physiological seed evaluations comprising the germination test, where normal and abnormal seedlings are counted on the seventh day after sowing, first normal seedling counts on the fourth day after sowing, and seedling and root length measurements. At the end of the germination test, L. sativa seedlings were separated for morphoanatomical characterizations and chlorophyll a fluorescence analyses. The T. triangulare extracts significantly influenced L. sativa root growth, with shoot extract exposure leading to more abnormal plants and lower root lengths at increasing concentrations and compared to the root extract. Root extract exposure led to evident cellular changes and lower non-photochemical quenching and unregulated dissipation quantum yields at a 5% exposure dose compared to shoot extract exposure. These findings suggest that both aqueous T. triangulare root and shoot extracts from 5% exposure doses exhibit high potential as bioherbicides, acting directly on plant structure, anatomy, quality, size and physiology.","['D018545', 'D036226', 'D010936', 'D018525', 'D064089']"
38922168,Grass-Endophyte Interactions and Their Associated Alkaloids as a Potential Management Strategy for Plant Parasitic Nematodes.,"Claviceptaceous endophytic fungi in the genus Epichloë mostly form a symbiotic relationship with cool-season grasses. Epichloë spp. are capable of producing bioactive alkaloids such as peramines, lolines, ergot alkaloids, and indole-diterpenes, which protect the host plant from herbivory by animals, insects, and nematodes. The host also benefits from enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as salt, drought, waterlogging, cold, heavy metals, and low nitrogen stress. The bioactive alkaloids produced can have both direct and indirect effects towards plant parasitic nematodes. Direct interaction with nematodes' motile stages can cause paralysis (nematostatic effect) or death (nematicidal effect). Indirectly, the metabolites may induce host immunity which inhibits feeding and subsequent nematode development. This review highlights the different mechanisms through which this interaction and the metabolites produced have been explored in the suppression of plant parasitic nematodes and also how the specific interactions between different grass genotypes and endophyte strains result in variable suppression of different nematode species. An understanding of the different grass-endophyte interactions and their successes and failures in suppressing various nematode species is essential to enable the proper selection of grass-endophyte combinations to identify the alkaloids produced, concentrations required, and determine which nematodes are sensitive to which specific alkaloids.","['D000818', 'D000470', 'D060026', 'D006109', 'D009348', 'D055329', 'D010935']"
38951184,The Similarities in Microbial and Chemical Patterns of Fermentation in Two Open Environments were Promoted by Using 150-Year-Old Nukadoko as Starters.,"Nukadoko, a fermented rice bran employed in traditional Japanese pickling, uses lactic acid bacteria to ferment vegetables. Here, we report the microbial and chemical data of a mixture of matured 150-year-old nukadoko and commercially available rice bran placed in two open environments over 29 days. Across the two environments, Loigolactobacillus was identified as the dominant microbial genera in the later stages of fermentation in nukadoko. The period of increase in the relative abundance of Loigolactobacillus correlated with a decrease in pH and Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP) values. While the two environments showed a difference in the rate of change in microbial diversity, they shared the common process through which Loigolactobacillus outcompeted adventitious bacteria in nukadoko, as indicated by the alpha and beta diversity index. Thus, the similarities in microbial and chemical data across two open environments during fermentation using starters indicate that starters contribute to the stability of fermentation in open environments.","['D005285', 'D012275', 'D000074421', 'D006863', 'D005516']"
38951141,A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies on coffee consumption and risk of lung cancer.,"Studies on the association between coffee consumption and risk of lung cancer have been conflicting. The aim of this study was to systematically review the current evidence on the association between coffee consumption and risk of lung cancer and to quantify this association by performing a meta-analysis. A comprehensive systematic search was performed on online databases up to July 2023 investigating the association between coffee consumption and risk of lung cancer. All prospective cohort studies reporting odds ratios (ORs), rate or risk ratios (RRs), or hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in this context were included. The overall effect size was calculated using the random-effects model and statistical between-studies heterogeneity was examined using Cochrane's Q test and I2. A total of 14 prospective cohort studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. We found a significant positive association between coffee consumption and risk of lung cancer (RR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.47). This association remained significant when we included a pooled analysis paper and excluded 5 cohort studies (RR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.66). We observed no proof of significant publication bias using Egger's test (P = 0.58). Moreover, dose-response analysis showed that each one cup/day increase in coffee consumption was related with a 6% higher lung cancer risk (RR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.09). In conclusion, we found a significant positive association between coffee consumption and risk of lung cancer.","['D003069', 'D006801', 'D008175', 'D011446', 'D012307', 'D016017']"
38950057,Spermidine supplementation in honey bees: Autophagy and epigenetic modifications.,"Polyamines (PAs), including putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm), are essential polycations with wide-ranging roles in cellular functions. PA levels decline with age, making exogenous PA supplementation, particularly Spd, an intriguing prospect. Previous research in honey bees demonstrated that millimolar Spd added to their diet increased lifespan and reinforced oxidative resilience. The present study is aimed to assess the anti-aging effects of spermidine supplementation at concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mM in honey bees, focusing on autophagy and associated epigenetic changes. Results showed a more pronounced effect at the lower Spd concentration, primarily in the abdomen. Spd induced site-specific histone 3 hypoacetylation at sites K18 and 27, hyperacetylation at K9, with no change at K14 in the entire body. Additionally, autophagy-related genes (ATG3, 5, 9, 13) and genes associated with epigenetic changes (HDAC1, HDAC3, SIRT1, KAT2A, KAT6B, P300, DNMT1A, DNMT1B) were upregulated in the abdomens of honey bees. In conclusion, our findings highlight profound epigenetic changes and autophagy promotion due to spermidine supplementation, contributing to increased honey bee longevity. Further research is needed to fully understand the precise mechanisms and the interplay between epigenetic alterations and autophagy in honey bees, underscoring the significance of autophagy as a geroprotective mechanism.","['D000818', 'D013095', 'D001516', 'D001343', 'D044127', 'D019587', 'D006657', 'D000107']"
38949676,"Water quality dynamics and underlying controls in the Halton Region, Ontario.","We assessed the hydrochemistry of 15 watersheds in the Halton Region, southern Ontario, in high resolution (n > 500 samples across n > 40 streams) to characterize water quality dynamics and governing controls on major and trace element concentrations in this rapidly urbanizing region. In 2022, major water quality parameters were generally in line with historic monitoring data yet significantly different across catchments, e.g., in specific conductance, turbidity, phosphate and chloride, and trace element concentrations. Distinct hydrochemical signatures were observed between urban and rural creeks, with urban stream sections and sites near the river mouths close to Lake Ontario having consistently higher chloride (up to 700 mg/L) and occasional enrichment in nutrients levels (up to 8 and 20 mg/L phosphate and nitrate, respectively). Particularly upper reaches exhibited hydrochemical signatures that were reflective of the catchment surface lithologies, for instance through higher dissolved Ca to Mg ratios. Unlike for chloride and phosphate, provincial water quality guidelines for trace elements and heavy metals were seldom surpassed (on < 10 occasions for copper, zinc, cadmium, and uranium). Concentrations of other trace elements (e.g., platinum group elements or rare earth elements) were expectedly low (< 0.3 µg/L) but showed spatiotemporal concentration patterns and concentration-discharge dynamics different from those of the major water quality parameters. Our results help improve the understanding of surface water conditions within Halton's regional Natural Heritage Systems and demonstrate how enhanced environmental monitoring can deliver actionable information for watershed decision-making.","['D004784', 'D009864', 'D014874', 'D060753', 'D045483', 'D014131', 'D019216', 'D002712', 'D014877']"
38948274,[Hypothetical Alcohol Consumption Interventions and Hepatic Steatosis: A Longitudinal Study in a Large Cohort].,"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcohol-associated fatty liver disease (ALD) are the most common chronic liver diseases. Hepatic steatosis is an early histological subtype of both NAFLD and ALD. Excessive alcohol consumption is widely known to lead to hepatic steatosis and subsequent liver damage. However, reported findings concerning the association between moderate alcohol consumption and hepatic steatosis remain inconsistent. Notably, alcohol consumption as a modifiable lifestyle behavior is likely to change over time, but most previous studies covered alcohol intake only once at baseline. These inconsistent findings from existing studies do not inform decision-making concerning policies and clinical guidelines, which are of greater interest to health policymakers and clinician-scientists. Additionally, recommendations on the types of alcoholic beverages are not available. Usually, assessing the effects of two or more hypothetical alcohol consumption interventions on hepatic steatosis provides answers to questions concerning the population risk of hepatic steatosis if everyone changes from heavy drinking to abstinence, or if everyone keeps on drinking moderately, or if everyone of the drinking population switches from red wine to beer? Thus, we simulated a target trial to estimate the effects of several hypothetical interventions, including changes in the amount of alcohol consumption or the types of alcoholic beverages consumed, on hepatic steatosis using longitudinal data, to inform decisions about alcohol-related policymaking and clinical care.","['D006801', 'D000428', 'D008137', 'D065626', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000434', 'D005235', 'D008875', 'D005234', 'D015331']"
38945989,Pediatric Formulas: An Update.,"The recent shortage of pediatric formulas in the United States, caused by supply chain issues and contamination of formula products in 1 of the major manufacturing plants, led many families to seek an alternate formula for their children. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) allowed import of infant formulas from selected European and non-European countries. The European infant formulas differ from those produced in the United States regarding the primary source of the formula, age category, mixing instructions, labeling requirements, and formula composition in terms of macronutrients and micronutrients. Although most European infant formulas are nutritionally adequate, pediatricians and families need to be aware of the differences between the European and FDA-regulated formulas for their correct use and preparation for infants and young children. Supplementation with cow milk is recommended for children beyond infancy, and older infant formulas are not recommended for otherwise healthy growing children. However, pediatric formulas have been used to support the nutrition needs of children with feeding difficulties, especially those dependent on tube feeding and with certain medical conditions. The FDA does not regulate the production of pediatric formulas beyond infant formula, and significant variations exist in their composition. The pediatric formulas are available as polymeric (intact), hydrolyzed, elemental, or food-based blenderized formulas. The plant-based nonformula (milk) drinks are being used increasingly for children. These products might not be nutritionally complete and should be avoided in infants and children dependent on liquid nutrition.","['D041943', 'D014481']"
38945895,Summer Nutritional Status and Appetite Are Associated with the Frequency of Hot Meal/Drink Intake among Japanese Older People.,"This study examined the relationship between the frequency of consuming cold or hot meal/drink during summer and the nutritional status, appetite, and energy intake among Japanese older people. The cross-sectional study was conducted in August 2021, targeting 60 adults aged 65 y and older. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) was used for nutritional status evaluation, the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) for appetite scoring, and food frequency questionnaire to assess energy intake. Participants reported on the frequency of consuming cold or hot meal/drink during the summer. Those who reported consuming hot meals ""moderate"" (p=0.033) or ""frequent"" (p=0.005) during summer had a higher BMI than those who reported minimal consumption. Participants who reported ""frequent"" consumption of hot meals in summer had higher MNA scores than those who reported ""minimal"" consumption (p=0.014). Participants who reported a ""frequent"" consumption of hot meals had higher SNAQ scores compared to those who reported ""minimal"" (p<0.001) or ""moderate"" (p=0.001). Similarly, participants who reported a ""frequent"" consumption of hot drinks had higher SNAQ scores than those reporting ""minimal"" (p=0.021) or ""moderate"" (p=0.008). The nutritional status and appetite during summer in Japanese older people were associated with the frequency of consuming hot meals and drinks.","['D006801', 'D000368', 'D008297', 'D009752', 'D005260', 'D001066', 'D007564', 'D003430', 'D002149', 'D062407', 'D012621', 'D000369', 'D015596', 'D006358', 'D011795', 'D015992', 'D005247', 'D004032', 'D000095225']"
38945886,Effect of Dietary L-Theanine on Protein Expression in the Hippocampus of Senescence-Accelerated Mice (SAMP8).,"L-Theanine is contained in green tea at 1-3% per dry matter as an amino acid with an umami taste, and the antidepressant effect and protective effect against stress-induced brain atrophy in mice, as well as the related mechanism have been reported. However, effects of theanine on the hippocampus from the proteome analysis and the action mechanism have not been examined. In this study, we mainly investigated the possibility of theanine's cognitive impairment-preventing function and the action mechanism by proteomics in the hippocampus of SAMP8 administered with theanine. In addition to improvement in the aging score with theanine administration, in proteomics, significant suppressions in the expressions of synapsin 2, α-synuclein, β-synuclein, and protein tau were observed by theanine administration, and the expression of CAM kinase II beta and alpha exhibited a significant increase and increasing tendency with theanine administration, respectively. The expression of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein tended to increase by theanine administration. On the other hand, serotonin/tryptophan, GABA/glutamic acid and glutamine/glutamic acid ratios in the hippocampus showed an increasing tendency, a significant increase, and an increasing tendency with theanine administration, respectively. These results suggested that theanine might have been involved in the improvement of neurodegeneration or cognitive impairment by suppressing the productions of synapsin, synuclein and protein tau which are considered to be produced along with aging and oxidation, and by enhancing the production of serotonin by increasing the expression of CAM kinase II, and further by affecting the metabolism of glutamate.","['D000818', 'D005971', 'D006624', 'D051379', 'D008297', 'D000375', 'D016704', 'D018698', 'D051844', 'D016875', 'D040901', 'D019587', 'D012701', 'D004032', 'D005680', 'D054732', 'D060825']"
38945885,Effects of D-Allulose with Sucrose Beverage on Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Levels among Thai Healthy Volunteers.,"D-Allulose has blood glucose suppression effects in both animal and clinical studies. The mechanism mediating glucose suppression in animals is controlled by several actions including the inhibition of sucrase. To investigate the dose-response effects of D-allulose with a sucrose beverage on glucose tolerance and insulin levels using Thai volunteers. This was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, crossover study. Subjects had five oral sucrose tolerance tests (OSTT) with escalating doses of D-allulose (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 or 10 g) with a 50 g sucrose beverage in a random order once a week for five consecutive weeks. The five drinks were consumed in a random order; the order being blinded for both subjects and investigators. Blood samples were drawn immediately before consumption and at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after consumption of the study product for measurement of plasma glucose and insulin levels. Thirty healthy subjects (11 men and 19 women) completed the study. The peak postprandial glucose (PePPG) and insulin levels (PePPI) were lower when D-allulose was added in a dose-dependent manner. The lowest plasma glucose and insulin levels occurred at 120 min after OSTT in all five products and they were raised when D-allulose was added in a dose-dependent manner. D-Allulose has a suppression response on glucose and insulin shown by the decrease in postprandial plasma glucose and insulin levels following the addition of D-allulose to sucrose in a dose-dependent manner. The more D-allulose added, the less marked the glucose and insulin response occurred.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D018592', 'D007328', 'D001786', 'D000328', 'D004311', 'D005260', 'D055815', 'D019518', 'D013785', 'D013395', 'D005632', 'D005951', 'D004305', 'D011446', 'D001628', 'D064368', 'D000080845', 'D000095224']"
38945631,Multi-layered structure and physicochemical properties of reconstituted meat-based products from minced fish by physical extrusion: Impact of extrusion strength.,"Multi-layered structure of reconstituted meat-based products from minced fish was formed by physical extrusion, followed by an investigation into the impact of extrusion strength on structural and physicochemical properties before and after frying. Under an appropriate pressure (3-9 kPa), the air within minced fish underwent enrichment and rearrangement to form a stratified phase, promoting the formation of multi-layered structure during frying. Conversely, the lower pressure (≤1.5 kPa) was insufficient for phase separation and directional rearrangement, while the higher pressure (≥15 kPa) would cause the stratified phase to flow out of food system. Moreover, by directly increasing water mobility and meat compactness, physical extrusion indirectly caused more water loss and stronger ionic bonds during frying, which was positively correlated with multi-layered structure. However, an excessive pressure caused an increase in random coil and hydrophobic interactions during frying, which was negatively correlated with multi-layered structure. In conclusion, appropriate physical extrusion strength promoted the formation of multi-layered structure.","['D003296', 'D008461', 'D000818', 'D011312', 'D005511', 'D005396', 'D006358', 'D057927', 'D014867', 'D005399', 'D055598']"
38945624,"Effect of fermentation on nutrient composition, antinutrients, and mineral bioaccessibility of finger millet based Injera: A traditional Ethiopian food.","Finger millet, like other cereals, contains high amounts of antinutrients that bind minerals, making them unavailable for absorption. This study explores the effect of traditional fermentation on nutritional, antinutritional, and subsequent mineral bioaccessibility (specifically iron, zinc, and calcium) of finger millet based Injera. Samples of fermented dough and Injera prepared from light brown and white finger millet varieties were analyzed for nutritional composition, antinutritional content, and mineral bioaccessibility following standard procedures. With some exceptions, the proximate composition of fermented dough was significantly affected by fermentation time. Compared to unfermented flour, the phytate and condensed tannin content significantly (p < 0.05) decreased for fermented dough and Injera samples. A strong decline in phytate and condensed tannin content was observed in white finger millet Injera as fermentation time increased, compared to light brown finger millet based Injera. The mineral bioaccessibility of Injera prepared from finger millet and maize composite flour increased with fermentation time, leading to a significant increase in bioaccessible iron, zinc, and calcium, ranging from 15.4-40.0 %, 26.8-50.8 %, and 60.9-88.5 %, respectively. The results suggest that traditional fermentation can be an effective method to reduce phytate and condensed tannin content, simultaneously increasing the bioaccessibility of minerals in the preparation of finger millet based Injera.","['D005285', 'D009753', 'D010833', 'D031748', 'D001682', 'D005433', 'D008903', 'D005002', 'D005511', 'D044945', 'D015032']"
38945623,"The effect of different drying temperatures on flavonoid glycosides in white tea: A targeted metabolomics, molecular docking, and simulated reaction study.","Drying is an important stage used to improve the quality of white tea (WT). However, the effect of the drying temperature on the key taste compounds in WT remains unclear. In this study, targeted metabolomics, molecular docking, and a simulated reaction were used to investigate the transformation mechanism of flavonoid glycosides (FGs) in WT during drying at 60, 80, and 100 °C and its impact on taste. There were 45 differential FGs in WT at three drying temperatures. Compared with the withering samples for 48 h, the total FGs contents at three drying temperatures showed a decreasing trend, with quercetin-3-O-galactoside and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside showing the most degradation. These results were confirmed via a simulated drying reaction of FGs standards. Drying at 80 and 100 °C contributed to the formation of flavonoid-C-glycosides, but only trace amounts of these compounds were observed. In addition, nine key taste FGs were selected using dose-over-threshold values. These FGs regulated the taste of WT, mainly by binding to taste receptors via hydrogen bond, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Finally, the taste acceptability of WT dried at 60 °C was found to be the highest, as this method could properly reduce the contents of FGs, weaken the bitterness and astringency, and retain the sweet and umami taste. This study revealed for the first time the transformation mechanism of sensory-active FGs affected by drying temperature, which provides a novel perspective for the analysis of the formation mechanism of the unique flavor of WT and the optimization of this process.","['D062105', 'D005419', 'D006027', 'D013662', 'D055432', 'D003890', 'D013649', 'D013696', 'D006801', 'D005511', 'D028241']"
38945619,Chemosensory analysis of emotional wines: Merging of explicit and implicit methods to measure emotions aroused by red wines.,"Wine is a cultural product capable of arousing emotions. Measuring emotions and figuring out how much they could influence preferences or purchase decisions of consumers is a new trend in sensory and consumer research. However, the complexity of feelings makes the measure of emotions extremely challenging. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of emotions related to sensory stimuli in wine tasting is still missing. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the emotional power of tasting red wines using a multidisciplinary approach, combining sensory analysis performed by trained panelists, implicit and explicit measurements of emotions and chemical analysis of the wines tasted. Various red wines, renowned for their high polyphenol content and expected to exhibit rich texture, mouthfeel, and aging potential, have been utilized to this extent. The results obtained showed that the emotions measured were well-correlated with quantitative and hedonic attributes obtained using classic sensory analysis. Some aromatic molecules can be identified as markers capable of eliciting positive and negative emotional reactions. While increasing literature in the topic is recently available, our study appears to be the first highlighting the presence of autonomic nervous system (ANS) differences verified by means of electrocardiogram (ECG) features, related to explicit and complete sensory patterns, in response to sensory stimuli related to emotional wine, with higher sympathetic values at extrema and vagal increase in the presence of neutral sensory compounds.","['D014920', 'D006801', 'D004644', 'D013649', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D055815', 'D008875', 'D009812', 'D004562', 'D059808']"
38945607,Application of supercritical carbon dioxide to enhance the aroma of whole sorghum flour for use in 3D printing of sorghum cookies.,"Sorghum is a promising ingredient for new food products due to its high fiber content, slow digestibility, drought resistance, and gluten-free nature. One of the main challenges in sorghum-based products is the unpleasant aroma compounds found in grain sorghum. Therefore, in this study, sorghum flour was treated via supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) to remove undesired aroma compounds. The resulting SC-CO2-treated flours were used to generate dough for 3D food printing. At the optimized conditions, sorghum cookies were 3D-printed using 60 % water and a nozzle diameter of 1.5 mm. All dough samples produced with untreated and SC-CO2-treated sorghum flours exhibited shear-thinning behavior. Changing the treatment pressure (8-15 MPa) or temperature (40-60 °C) did not significantly affect the viscosity of the dough samples. Moreover, the sorghum cookie doughs had higher G' and G″ values after the SC-CO2 treatments (G' > G″). Doughs generated from flours treated at 15 MPa - 40 °C and 8 MPa - 60 °C showed lower adhesiveness compared to the ones produced from untreated flour, whereas 15 MPa - 60 °C treatment did not affect the adhesiveness. After baking, the 3D-printed cookies from SC-CO2-treated flour exhibited significantly lower redness (a*), but the hardness of the cookies was not affected by SC-CO2 treatment. Overall, the SC-CO2 treatment of sorghum flour did not negatively affect the quality parameters of the 3D-printed cookies while enhancing the aroma of the flour.","['D045868', 'D005433', 'D002245', 'D066330', 'D009812', 'D014783', 'D005511', 'D003296', 'D013696', 'D012212', 'D000268']"
38945604,Evolution-aided improvement of the acid tolerance of Levilactobacillus brevis and its application in sourdough fermentation.,"Levilactobacillus brevis is crucial in food fermentation, particularly in sourdough production. However, the cultivation of L. brevis faces a challenge with accumulation of lactic acid, a major inhibitor. We aimed to increase the acid tolerance of L. brevis, an industrial strain for sourdough fermentation. We used the adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) to obtain lactic acid tolerant strains. The evolved strain's fermentation and metabolite profiles, alongside sensory evaluation, were compared with the parental strain by using various analytical techniques. The ALE approach increased lactic acid tolerance in the evolved strain showing an increased growth rate by 1.1 and 1.9 times higher than the parental strain at pH 4.1 and 6.5, respectively. Comprehensive analyses demonstrated its potential application in sourdough fermentation, promising reduced downstream costs. The evolved strain, free from genetically modified organisms concerns, has great potential for industrial use by exhibiting enhanced growth in acidic conditions without affecting consumers' bread preferences.","['D005285', 'D001939', 'D052196', 'D006863', 'D005516', 'D019344', 'D013649', 'D006801']"
38945603,Free Drawing to assess food consumption information in comparison with the Free Listing: An intracultural study in Brazil with adolescents and dairy products.,"This study aimed to evaluate the Free Drawing method to assess food consumption information compared to the Free Listing method. Furthermore, the citation frequencies of dairy products consumed by adolescents were compared in Brazilian regions. Adolescents (14-17 years old, n = 265, n = 53 for each region, North, South, Northeast, Midwest, and Southeast regions) listed or drew the dairy products they consumed using Free Listing or Free Drawing. The contingency tables were constructed, and the cognitive saliency indexes (CSI) were calculated. Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA) was performed, and the RV indices were determined. The adolescents listed/drew 55 dairy products, grouped into 10 categories. The Free Listing method resulted in greater citation frequencies of dairy products. The Free Drawing method resulted in richer and more detailed information, with specifications of the type of product consumed within the category, flavor, type of packaging, and brand. The dairy products with the highest citation frequencies/CSI by adolescents were milk, cheese, and fermented milk. The South and Southeast regions observed greater citation frequencies and diversity of dairy products (prevalence in 6 categories). The CSI did not depend on the method, but it was affected by the region (p < 0.05). The sensory methods showed high similarity considering the categories of dairy products (RV = 0.80) and regions (RV = 0.79). It is concluded that the Free Drawing method proved to be an alternative to Free Listing for evaluating adolescents' consumption information of dairy products in an intracultural study in Brazil.","['D000293', 'D001938', 'D006801', 'D003611', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D003258', 'D005247', 'D004034']"
38945598,Microbiological characterization of kombucha and biocellulose film produced with black tea and cocoa bean shell infusion.,"The food industry is increasingly striving to produce probiotics-based food and beverages using sustainable processes. Therefore, the use of by-products in product development has been investigated by several authors. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of cocoa bean shell infusion in the production of kombucha through microbiological and genetic characterization. Three beverage formulations were prepared, one based on black tea (KBT), one based on cocoa bean shell infusion (KCS) and one containing 50 % black tea and 50 % cocoa shell infusion (KBL). The infusions were prepared with water, filtered, and sucrose was added. They were then homogenized and a portion of finished kombucha and SCOBY (symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast) were added. Fermentation took place for 13 days and aliquots were collected every three days for physicochemical and microbial count analyses. Samples from the last day of fermentation were sent for DNA sequencing, extraction and quantification. The results were subjected to analysis of variance and compared by using Tukey's test (p < 0.05). The results show that there was a significant decrease in pH over time in all samples, while the titratable acidity increased, indicating an acidification of the beverage due to the production of organic acids. There was an increase in lactic acid bacterial colonies in all the formulations, which have a probiotic nature and are not always found in this type of beverage. Regarding the taxonomic classification of the samples, microorganisms of the kingdoms Fungi and Bacteria, of the families Saccharomycetaceae and Acetobacteraceae, were found in KBT, KCS and KBL, but with different microbiological compositions, with different amounts of yeasts and bacteria. Therefore, the use of by-products such as cocoa bean shell in the production of kombucha can contribute to the reduction of waste in the food industry and, at the same time, accelerate fermentation increasing the presence of lactic acid bacteria when compared to black tea.","['D002099', 'D005285', 'D000068858', 'D005516', 'D013662', 'D006863', 'D005511', 'D019936']"
38945597,Assessment of water relaxometry of meat under different ageing processes using time domain nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry.,"This study assessed water relaxometry of beef exposed to different ageing techniques by examining the inner and surface regions using time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) relaxometry. Beef strip loins were aged under vacuum (Wet), under vacuum using moisture absorbers (Abs), under vacuum using moisture absorbers and with mechanical tenderisation (AbsTend), or without any packaging (Dry). The ageing technique significantly influenced various meat parameters, including dehydration, total loss, and the moisture content of the meat surface. The transverse (T2) relaxation times provided a more sensitive indicator of the changes in meat water relaxometry than the longitudinal (T1) relaxation times. The Dry samples exhibited distinct differences in the T2 signals between the surface and inner regions of the meat. In particular, for the inner region, there were significant differences in signal areas between the Wet and Dry samples, and the Abs and AbsTend samples were positioned closely together between the Dry and Wet samples. The principal component analysis supported these findings: it indicated some differentiation among the ageing techniques in the score plot, but the differentiation was more pronounced when analysing the surface region. Additionally, there was a strong correlation between dehydration and the T2 values, leading to a clustering of the samples based on the ageing technique. The overlap between the Abs and AbsTend samples, situated between the Dry and Wet samples, suggests the potential of these treatments to produce meat with properties that are intermediate to Wet and Dry meat. Furthermore, tenderisation did not lead to greater dehydration.","['D014867', 'D000818', 'D002417', 'D009682', 'D005511', 'D014618', 'D000069466', 'D013997', 'D008460', 'D025341']"
38946186,Solitary Basaloid Follicular Hamartoma: A Report of Two Cases.,"Basaloid follicular hamartoma (BFH) is rare benign follicular malformation that is often clinically misdiagnosed. Patients with BFH demonstrate a variety of clinical manifestations and associated abnormalities. BFH may be a familial, congenital, or acquired condition with localized or generalized distribution. Several clinical variants of generalized BFH are known, and they can be associated with a diverse spectrum of abnormalities. Herein, we report two cases of solitary BFH in pediatric patients, both documented dermoscopically.","['D006801', 'D006222', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D002648', 'D018859', 'D046169']"
38941493,Feeding the Body Through the Skin: Ethosomes and Transethosomes as a New Topical Delivery System for Bioactive Compounds.,"Because the feeding of our body through the oral route can be associated with many drawbacks due to the degradation of natural molecules during transit in the gastrointestinal tract, a transdermal delivery strategy, usually employed in the pharmaceutical field, can present an effective alternative for delivery of bioactives and nutrients from foods. In this review, the chance to feed the body with nutritive and bioactive molecules from food through transdermal administration is discussed. Various nanotechnological devices employed for topical and transdermal delivery of bioactive compounds are described. In addition, mechanisms underlying their potential use in the delivery of nutritive molecules, as well as their capability to efficaciously reach the dermis and promote systemic distribution, are detailed.","['D006801', 'D000279', 'D000818', 'D012867', 'D016503', 'D012869']"
38940945,Dyskeratosis congenita associated with a novel missense variant in TERT: Approach for the dermatologists.,"Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a telomeropathy presenting diagnostic and therapeutic challenges across multiple specialties; yet, subtle dermatological signs enable early detection, altering patient prognosis. A specific DC genetic sequencing was performed according to the clinical criteria of our patient in study. Subsequently, cross-checked information in the main genetic databases was carried out. Additionally, an extensive review of the literature was made to organize the main dermatological aspects in DC. We report a novel variant of DC. Additionally, we share 10 useful and practical messages for dermatologists and any specialist caring for this group of patients.","['D006801', 'D000072085', 'D019871', 'D020125', 'D012867', 'D019098']"
38940922,Exploring oak processionary caterpillar induced lepidopterism (part 2): ex vivo bio-assays unmask the role of TRPV1.,"As human skin comes into contact with the tiny hairs or setae of the oak processionary caterpillar, Thaumetopoea processionea, a silent yet intense chemical confrontation occurs. The result is a mix of issues: skin rashes and an intense itching that typically lasts days and weeks after the contact. This discomfort poses a significant health threat not only to humans but also to animals. In Western Europe, the alarming increase in outbreaks extends beyond areas near infested trees due to the dispersion of the setae. Predictions indicate a sustained rise in outbreaks, fueled by global changes favoring the caterpillar's survival and distribution. Currently, the absence of an efficient treatment persists due to significant gaps in our comprehension of the pathophysiology associated with this envenomation. Here, we explored the interaction between the venom extract derived from the setae of T. processionea and voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels and receptors. By conducting electrophysiological analyses, we discovered ex vivo evidence highlighting the significant role of TPTX1-Tp1, a peptide toxin from T. processionea, in modulating TRPV1. TPTX1-Tp1 is a secapin-like peptide and demonstrates a unique ability to modulate TRPV1 channels in the presence of capsaicin, leading to cell depolarization, itch and inflammatory responses. This discovery opens new avenues for developing a topical medication, suggesting the incorporation of a TRPV1 blocker as a potential solution for the local effects caused by T. processionea.","['D050916', 'D000818', 'D006801', 'D001180', 'D009036', 'D012867', 'D007814']"
38940346,Desmosomes at a glance.,"Desmosomes are relatives of ancient cadherin-based junctions, which emerged late in evolution to ensure the structural integrity of vertebrate tissues by coupling the intermediate filament cytoskeleton to cell-cell junctions. Their ability to dynamically counter the contractile forces generated by actin-associated adherens junctions is particularly important in tissues under high mechanical stress, such as the skin and heart. Much more than the simple cellular 'spot welds' depicted in textbooks, desmosomes are in fact dynamic structures that can sense and respond to changes in their mechanical environment and external stressors like ultraviolet light and pathogens. These environmental signals are transmitted intracellularly via desmosome-dependent mechanochemical pathways that drive the physiological processes of morphogenesis and differentiation. This Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster review desmosome structure and assembly, highlight recent insights into how desmosomes integrate chemical and mechanical signaling in the epidermis, and discuss desmosomes as targets in human disease.","['D003896', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D004817']"
38940108,Red LED light therapy for telogen effluvium in the course of long COVID in patients with and without androgenetic alopecia.,Photobiomodulation with the use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) seems to be a promising option for long COVID. This retrospective study evaluates the efficiency of LED irradiation in the treatment of TE in the course of long COVID in patients with and without androgenetic alopecia.,"['D006801', 'D000505', 'D012189', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000086382', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D000086402', 'D028022', 'D000368', 'D006197', 'D016896', 'D010789']"
38940034,A Nude Mouse Model of Xenografted Hypertrophic Scar Cells to Test Therapeutics in the Skin.,"Existing animal models for testing therapeutics in the skin are limited. Mouse and rat models lack similarity to human skin in structure and wound healing mechanism. Pigs are regarded as the best model with regards to similarity to human skin; however, these studies are expensive, time-consuming, and only small numbers of biologic replicates can be obtained. In addition, local-regional effects of treating wounds that are closely adjacent to one-another with different treatments make assessment of treatment effectiveness difficult in pig models. Therefore, here, a novel nude mouse model of xenografted porcine hypertrophic scar (HTS) cells was developed. This model system was developed to test if supplying hypo-pigmented cells with exogenous alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) will reverse pigment loss in vivo.","['D000818', 'D008819', 'D017439', 'D051379', 'D004195', 'D013552', 'D000521', 'D006801', 'D012867', 'D005347', 'D008544', 'D015603', 'D014183', 'D014945', 'D012880']"
38937011,Urticarial Vasculitis.,"Urticarial vasculitis is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by persistent edematous papules and plaques on the skin that last longer than 24 hours, often accompanied by systemic symptoms such as joint pain and fever. Unlike common urticaria, this condition involves inflammation of small blood vessels, leading to more severe and long-lasting skin lesions with a tendency to leave a bruiselike appearance. Diagnosis is challenging and may require a skin biopsy. Associated with underlying autoimmune diseases, treatment involves managing symptoms with medications such as antihistamines and corticosteroids, addressing the immune system's dysfunction, and treating any concurrent autoimmune conditions.","['D006801', 'D014581', 'D014657', 'D012867', 'D003937', 'D006633', 'D001327', 'D001706', 'D018366']"
38936950,Evaluation of Non-invasive Fat Reduction Using a Resistive Electric Transfer-based Radiofrequency Device With Multi-channel Handpieces.,Various devices for non-invasive body shape correction are being developed along with the growth of the beauty industry. Radiofrequency (RF) can selectively reduce subcutaneous fat without causing skin damage. The efficacy of the procedure can be improved by applying RF to a large area simultaneously with multiple handpieces. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a new RF device with multi-channel handpieces.,"['D000818', 'D013552', 'D050151', 'D000078702', 'D012867', 'D000073880', 'D000273', 'D012881']"
38936924,Combination of Autophagy and Stem Cell Enhancing Properties of Natural Product Extracts in Human Dermal Papilla Stem Cells.,"Dermal papilla (DP) stem cells are known for their remarkable regenerative capacity, making them a valuable model for assessing the effects of natural products on cellular processes, including stemness, and autophagy.","['D001343', 'D006801', 'D013234', 'D001688', 'D010936', 'D018859', 'D050814', 'D000071317', 'D055748', 'D051057', 'D020405', 'D002454']"
38935165,Grading differentiation in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a review of the literature.,"Poor differentiation is strongly associated with poor outcomes in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). In addition, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines designate poorly differentiated tumors as ""very high risk"". Despite its clear prognostic implications, there is no standardized grading system for CSCC differentiation in common use today. CSCC differentiation is graded inconsistently by both dermatopathologists and Mohs surgeons, and reliability studies have demonstrated suboptimal inter- and intra-rater reliability in both of these groups. The absence of a standardized and reliable grading system has impeded the use of differentiation in CSCC staging, despite its apparent correlation with disease outcomes. We performed a comprehensive review of the literature summarizing historical CSCC differentiation grading systems, as well as grading systems in non-cutaneous head and neck SCC as a point of reference. Relevant articles were identified by searching Embase and PubMed, as well as by reviewing reference lists for additional articles and histology textbook excerpts. CSCC grading systems that were identified and summarized include the historical Broders system, the World Health Organization system, the College of American Pathologists' system, and a system described by a 2023 Delphi consensus panel of dermatopathologists.","['D006801', 'D012878', 'D002294', 'D060787', 'D011379', 'D002454', 'D015203', 'D009367', 'D012867', 'D015580']"
38934868,"Age and sex effects on histological features and in vitro culturing of Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus, Linnaeus 1758) dermis.","The biobanks from dermal biopsies represent an interesting strategy for biodiversity conservation. Nevertheless, the morphological and cellular patterns of the dermis can be influenced by the age and sex of the individual. Therefore, evaluating these factors is interesting for forming biobanks of Antillean manatees. These animals, representatives of marine fauna, have had their population reduced, and biobanks are essential for their conservation. Then, we evaluated the effects of age (3.5 years vs. 3.6-16 years vs. 23.6 years) and sex (males vs. females) on morphological and cellular parameters using histological and in vitro culture techniques. Regardless of age, no differences were observed for dermal thickness, collagen fibres, tissue proliferative activity and viable cell recovery. Nonetheless, fibroblast reduction was observed in groups aged 23.6 years compared to other animals (p < 0.05). Additionally, cells from animals aged 3.6-16 years showed more significant mitochondrial damage than the other groups (p < 0.05). Regardless of sex, no differences were observed for dermal thickness, collagen fibres, tissue proliferative activity and viable cell recovery; however, females had fewer fibroblasts than males (p < 0.05). Cells from females showed lower mitochondrial damage when compared to cells from males. In summary, although age and sex do not influence dermal thickness and cell recovery, variations in the number of fibroblasts and mitochondrial characteristics were observed among the groups. These differences may be significant for understanding the dermis aspects to be correlated to biobank systems.","['D000818', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D005347', 'D020405', 'D020457', 'D012737', 'D000367', 'D003094', 'D008928', 'D049109']"
38934416,A transit-amplifying progenitor with biphasic behavior contributes to epidermal renewal.,"Transit-amplifying (TA) cells are progenitors that undergo an amplification phase followed by transition into an extinction phase. A long postulated epidermal TA progenitor with biphasic behavior has not yet been experimentally observed in vivo. Here, we identify such a TA population using clonal analysis of Aspm-CreER genetic cell-marking in mice, which uncovers contribution to both homeostasis and injury repair of adult skin. This TA population is more frequently dividing than a Dlx1-CreER-marked long-term self-renewing (e.g. stem cell) population. Newly developed generalized birth-death modeling of long-term lineage tracing data shows that both TA progenitors and stem cells display neutral competition, but only the stem cells display neutral drift. The quantitative evolution of a nascent TA cell and its direct descendants shows that TA progenitors indeed amplify the basal layer before transition and that the homeostatic TA population is mostly in extinction phase. This model will be broadly useful for analyzing progenitors whose behavior changes with their clone age. This work identifies a long-missing class of non-self-renewing biphasic epidermal TA progenitors and has broad implications for understanding tissue renewal mechanisms.","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D013234', 'D000078404', 'D004817', 'D049109', 'D019070', 'D006706', 'D002454', 'D000066673']"
38934259,"Pennella balaenoptera actively select injured cetacean skin as attachment sites, making them potentially useful forensic tags.","Cetaceans harbor multiple epibionts on their external surface, and these attach to particular microhabitats. Understanding what drives the selection of attachment sites is relevant for refining the use of epibionts as indicators of their hosts. We report on about 100 females of the mesoparasitic copepod Pennella balaenoptera attached to a dead Cuvier's beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris stranded in Tunisia (western Mediterranean); the first report of P. balaenoptera in this country. The copepods were exclusively attached to numerous incisive, likely anthropogenic, wounds found on the host's skin. This finding suggests that newly recruited females may actively seek skin areas where physical penetration is facilitated; a factor that may help explain patterns of microhabitat selection by Pennella spp., and perhaps other pennellids, on their hosts. The estimated age of parasitization by P. balaenoptera (supported by age estimations of the co-occurring epibiotic barnacle Conchoderma virgatum) also suggests that the cetacean host likely survived these injuries, at least initially, and the presumed cause of death was starvation due to entanglement in a fishing net.","['D000818', 'D033342', 'D005260', 'D012867', 'D006790']"
38933176,New Skin-Relevant Cell Coculture Model With Stratum Corneum-Like Layer.,"Two-dimensional (2D) cell culture is an important tool in the discovery of skin-active agents. Fibroblasts and keratinocytes, more rarely fibroblast-keratinocyte cocultures, are usually used for that purpose, where test compounds are added by mixing with the overlaying growth medium. However, such an approach is suboptimal because it lacks the stratum corneum component. The stratum corneum acts as a selective gatekeeper and opposes the intradermal permeation of many compounds that are bioactive when placed in direct contact with cells. One solution is to use reconstituted epidermis, but this approach is costly and time consuming. Here, a model is proposed, where the simplicity and convenience of the 2D cell culture is combined with the advantage of a hydrophobic barrier reminiscent of the skin horny layer. This model was tested with skin-relevant solvents, as well as with ""naked"" hydrophilic and encapsulated compounds. Cell viability and collagen stimulation were used as readouts. The results showed that the incorporation of a stratum corneum-substitute barrier on top of a 2D cell culture reduced the cytotoxicity of a common cosmetic solvent, dimethyl isosorbide (DMI), in cell culture and modified the bioactivity of the added actives (magnesium ascorbyl phosphate [MAP] and oligomeric proanthocyanidins [OPCs]/levan biopolymer), which became dependent on their ability to penetrate through a lipidic layer. Taken together, these results indicate a better physiological relevance of this cell culture model in workflows aimed at the discovery and analysis of skin-active compounds than conventional 2D systems.","['D018920', 'D006801', 'D015603', 'D004817', 'D005347', 'D002470', 'D012867', 'D008954']"
38932552,[Research progress on the mechanisms of probiotics promoting wound healing].,"Slow wound healing has been a troublesome problem in clinic. In China, traditional methods such as antibiotics and silver sulfadiazine are used to treat skin wound, but the abuse use has many disadvantages, such as chronic wounds and pathogen resistance. Studies have shown that the microorganisms with symbiotic relationship with organisms have benefits on skin wound. Therefore, the way to develop and utilize probiotics to promote wound healing has become a new research direction. In this paper, we reviewed the studies on the bacteriotherapy in the world, described how the probiotics can play a role in promoting wound healing through local wound and intestine, and introduced some mature probiotics products and clinical trials, aiming to provide foundations for further development of bacteriotherapy and products.","['D019936', 'D014945', 'D006801', 'D012867', 'D007422']"
38932541,[Skin lesion classification with multi-level fusion of Swin-T and ConvNeXt].,"Skin cancer is a significant public health issue, and computer-aided diagnosis technology can effectively alleviate this burden. Accurate identification of skin lesion types is crucial when employing computer-aided diagnosis. This study proposes a multi-level attention cascaded fusion model based on Swin-T and ConvNeXt. It employed hierarchical Swin-T and ConvNeXt to extract global and local features, respectively, and introduced residual channel attention and spatial attention modules for further feature extraction. Multi-level attention mechanisms were utilized to process multi-scale global and local features. To address the problem of shallow features being lost due to their distance from the classifier, a hierarchical inverted residual fusion module was proposed to dynamically adjust the extracted feature information. Balanced sampling strategies and focal loss were employed to tackle the issue of imbalanced categories of skin lesions. Experimental testing on the ISIC2018 and ISIC2019 datasets yielded accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-Score of 96.01%, 93.67%, 92.65%, and 93.11%, respectively, and 92.79%, 91.52%, 88.90%, and 90.15%, respectively. Compared to Swin-T, the proposed method achieved an accuracy improvement of 3.60% and 1.66%, and compared to ConvNeXt, it achieved an accuracy improvement of 2.87% and 3.45%. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed method accurately classifies skin lesion images, providing a new solution for skin cancer diagnosis.","['D006801', 'D012878', 'D000465', 'D003936', 'D012867', 'D007090']"
38932444,Comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a new multi-component anti-aging topical eye cream.,"The delicate periorbital region is susceptible to skin dehydration, wrinkles, and loss of elasticity. Thus, targeted and effective anti-aging interventions are necessary for the periorbital area.","['D006801', 'D015595', 'D005347', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D063465', 'D000328', 'D004548', 'D003094', 'D002470', 'D004549', 'D008297', 'D012867', 'D016896', 'D000287', 'D049109', 'D000368']"
38931768,Noninvasive Temperature Measurements in Tissue-Simulating Phantoms Using a Solid-State Near-Infrared Sensor.,"The monitoring of body temperature is a recent addition to the plethora of parameters provided by wellness and fitness wearable devices. Current wearable temperature measurements are made at the skin surface, a measurement that is impacted by the ambient environment of the individual. The use of near-infrared spectroscopy provides the potential for a measurement below the epidermal layer of skin, thereby having the potential advantage of being more reflective of physiological conditions. The feasibility of noninvasive temperature measurements is demonstrated by using an in vitro model designed to mimic the near-infrared spectra of skin. A miniaturizable solid-state laser-diode-based near-infrared spectrometer was used to collect diffuse reflectance spectra for a set of seven tissue phantoms composed of different amounts of water, gelatin, and Intralipid. Temperatures were varied between 20-24 °C while collecting these spectra. Two types of partial least squares (PLS) calibration models were developed to evaluate the analytical utility of this approach. In both cases, the collected spectra were used without pre-processing and the number of latent variables was the only optimized parameter. The first approach involved splitting the whole dataset into separate calibration and prediction subsets for which a single optimized PLS model was developed. For this first case, the coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.95 and the standard error of prediction (SEP) is 0.22 °C for temperature predictions. The second strategy used a leave-one-phantom-out methodology that resulted in seven PLS models, each predicting the temperatures for all spectra in the held-out phantom. For this set of phantom-specific predicted temperatures, R2 and SEP values range from 0.67-0.99 and 0.19-0.65 °C, respectively. The stability and reproducibility of the sample-to-spectrometer interface are identified as major sources of spectral variance within and between phantoms. Overall, results from this in vitro study justify the development of future in vivo measurement technologies for applications as wearables for continuous, real-time monitoring of body temperature for both healthy and ill individuals.","['D019047', 'D019265', 'D006801', 'D016018', 'D002138', 'D012867', 'D005780', 'D013696', 'D014867', 'D000076251', 'D004655', 'D013024', 'D010743']"
38931293,"Assessment of Skin Autofluorescence and Its Association with Glycated Hemoglobin, Cardiovascular Risk Markers, and Concomitant Chronic Diseases in Children with Type 1 Diabetes.","Skin autofluorescence (sAF) measurement is a non-invasive method used to assess tissue advanced glycation end product (AGE) accumulation. This study aims to characterize sAF's association with (1) glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values, (2) cardiovascular risk markers, and (3) common comorbidities (autoimmune thyroiditis, celiac disease) in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D).","['D006801', 'D002648', 'D006442', 'D003922', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000293', 'D012867', 'D002675', 'D017127', 'D000082742', 'D015415', 'D002318', 'D002908', 'D061848', 'D002097', 'D016022', 'D002446', 'D015897']"
38931269,Nailfold Capillaroscopy: A Comprehensive Review on Its Usefulness in Both Clinical Diagnosis and Improving Unhealthy Dietary Lifestyles.,"Since the 1970s, the utility of nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) in diagnosing rheumatological disorders such as systemic sclerosis has been well established. Further studies have also shown that NFC can detect non-rheumatic diseases such as diabetes, glaucoma, dermatitis, and Alzheimer disease. In the past decade, nailfold capillary morphological changes have also been reported as symptoms of unhealthy lifestyle habits such as poor diet, smoking, sleep deprivation, and even psychological stress, all of which contribute to slow blood flow. Therefore, studying the relationships between the morphology of nailfold capillaries and lifestyle habits has a high potential to indicate unhealthy states or even pre-disease conditions. Simple, inexpensive, and non-invasive methods such as NFC are important and useful for routine medical examinations. The present study began with a systematic literature search of the PubMed database followed by a summary of studies reporting the assessment of morphological changes detected by NFC, and a comprehensive review of NFC's utility in clinical diagnosis and improving unhealthy dietary lifestyles. It culminates in a summary of dietary and lifestyle health promotion strategy, assessed based on NFC and other related measurements that indicate healthy microvascular blood flow and endothelial function.","['D006801', 'D020678', 'D009262', 'D008019', 'D004032', 'D002196']"
38931263,"The Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Collagen and Vitamin C and Their Combination with Hyaluronic Acid on Skin Density, Texture and Other Parameters: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.","Collagen dietary supplements are becoming increasingly popular as a means to reduce signs of skin ageing. The objective of this three-way, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was to examine and contrast the effects of dietary supplementation with a daily dose of 5 g hydrolysed collagen with 80 mg of vitamin C (CP product) and their combination with 30 mg of hyaluronic acid (CPHA product) over 16 weeks. Validated methods were utilised for the objective evaluation of skin parameters. In total, 87 subjects (women, 40-65 years) completed the entire trial, distributed across the groups as follows: placebo group (n = 29), CPHA group (n = 28), and CP group (n = 30). The results showed beneficial effects of both test products, with notable enhancements in dermis density, skin texture, and a reduction in the severity of wrinkles. In contrast, the administration of either of the products did not yield any significant impacts on skin elasticity or hydration. Observation of the investigated skin parameters did not show superior effects of the addition of hyaluronic acid (HA) to collagen. Therefore, the ability of supplementation with HA to improve the effects on investigated skin parameters beyond the supplementation of collagen alone cannot be confirmed.","['D006801', 'D006820', 'D001205', 'D008875', 'D004311', 'D005260', 'D019587', 'D003094', 'D015595', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D012867', 'D008297']"
38931262,Exogenous Nucleotides Improve the Skin Aging of SAMP8 Mice by Modulating Autophagy through MAPKs and AMPK Pathways.,"The skin, serving as the body's primary defense against external elements, plays a crucial role in protecting the body from infections and injuries, as well as maintaining overall homeostasis. Skin aging, a common manifestation of the aging process, involves the gradual deterioration of its normal structure and repair mechanisms. Addressing the issue of skin aging is increasingly imperative. Multiple pieces of evidence indicate the potential anti-aging effects of exogenous nucleotides (NTs) through their ability to inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation. This study aims to investigate whether exogenous NTs can slow down skin aging and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. To achieve this objective, senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAMP8) mice were utilized and randomly allocated into Aging, NTs-low, NTs-middle, and NTs-high groups, while senescence-accelerated mouse resistant 1 (SAMR1) mice were employed as the control group. After 9 months of NT intervention, dorsal skin samples were collected to analyze the pathology and assess the presence and expression of substances related to the aging process. The findings indicated that a high-dose NT treatment led to a significant increase in the thickness of the epithelium and dermal layers, as well as Hyp content (p < 0.05). Additionally, it was observed that low-dose NT intervention resulted in improved aging, as evidenced by a significant decrease in p16 expression (p < 0.05). Importantly, the administration of high doses of NTs could improve, in some ways, mitochondrial function, which is known to reduce oxidative stress and promote ATP and NAD+ production significantly. These observed effects may be linked to NT-induced autophagy, as evidenced by the decreased expression of p62 and increased expression of LC3BI/II in the intervention groups. Furthermore, NTs were found to upregulate pAMPK and PGC-1α expression while inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38MAPK, JNK, and ERK, suggesting that autophagy may be regulated through the AMPK and MAPK pathways. Therefore, the potential induction of autophagy by NTs may offer benefits in addressing skin aging through the activation of the AMPK pathway and the inhibition of the MAPK pathway.","['D000818', 'D015595', 'D001343', 'D051379', 'D055372', 'D009711', 'D018384', 'D012867', 'D008297', 'D020935', 'D015398', 'D020928']"
38931252,Longitudinal Correlations between Molecular Compositions of Stratum Corneum and Breast Milk Factors during Infancy: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study.,"Breast milk contains numerous factors that are involved in the maturation of the immune system and development of the gut microbiota in infants. These factors include transforming growth factor-β1 and 2, immunoglobin A, and lactoferrin. Breast milk factors may also affect epidermal differentiation and the stratum corneum (SC) barrier in infants, but no studies examining these associations over time during infancy have been reported. In this single-center exploratory study, we measured the molecular components of the SC using confocal Raman spectroscopy at 0, 1, 2, 6, and 12 months of age in 39 infants born at our hospital. Breast milk factor concentrations from their mothers' breast milk were determined. Correlation coefficients for the two datasets were estimated for each molecular component of the SC and breast milk factor at each age and SC depth. The results showed that breast milk factors and molecular components of the SC during infancy were partly correlated with infant age in months and SC depth, suggesting that breast milk factors influence the maturation of the SC components. These findings may improve understanding of the pathogenesis of skin diseases associated with skin barrier abnormalities.","['D006801', 'D008895', 'D007223', 'D005260', 'D011446', 'D007231', 'D008297', 'D004817', 'D008137', 'D007781', 'D013059', 'D053773']"
38930941,Antioxidant Properties of Platycladus orientalis Flavonoids for Treating UV-Induced Damage in Androgenetic Alopecia Hair.,"Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) causes thinning hair, but poor hair quality in balding areas and damage from UV radiation have been overlooked. Plant extracts like Platycladus orientalis flavonoids (POFs) may improve hair quality in AGA. This study examines POFs' effectiveness in treating AGA-affected hair and repairing UV-induced damage.","['D000505', 'D014466', 'D006801', 'D000975', 'D006197', 'D005419', 'D010936', 'D008543', 'D015603']"
38930798,"Development of an RP-HPLC Method for Quantifying Diclofenac Diethylamine, Methyl Salicylate, and Capsaicin in Pharmaceutical Formulation and Skin Samples.","An RP-HPLC method with a UV detector was developed for the simultaneous quantification of diclofenac diethylamine, methyl salicylate, and capsaicin in a pharmaceutical formulation and rabbit skin samples. The separation was achieved using a Thermo Scientific ACCLAIMTM 120 C18 column (Waltham, MA, USA, 4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 µm). The optimized elution phase consisted of deionized water adjusted to pH = 3 using phosphoric acid mixed with acetonitrile in a 35:65% (v/v) ratio with isocratic elution. The flow rate was set at 0.7 mL/min, and the detection was performed at 205 nm and 25 °C. The method exhibits good linearity for capsaicin (0.05-70.0 µg/mL), methyl salicylate (0.05-100.0 µg/mL), and diclofenac diethylamine (0.05-100.0 µg/mL), with low LOD values (0.0249, 0.0271, and 0.0038 for capsaicin, methyl salicylate, and diclofenac diethylamine, respectively). The RSD% values were below 3.0%, indicating good precision. The overall greenness score of the method was 0.61, reflecting its environmentally friendly nature. The developed RP-HPLC method was successfully applied to analyze Omni Hot Gel® pharmaceutical formulation and rabbit skin permeation samples.","['D002211', 'D004008', 'D002851', 'D012459', 'D012867', 'D000818', 'D011817', 'D056148', 'D004048']"
38929541,Secretory Carcinoma of the Breast with Apocrine Differentiation-A Peculiar Entity.,"Background and Objectives: Secretory carcinoma of the breast is an uncommon histological subtype of breast cancer. There is little research on this entity and only a few larger studies, which lack consensus. We aim to report a particular apocrine differentiation in this subtype and ponder upon the clinical outcome of this case. Case presentation: We report the case of a 72-year-old female patient who presented to our hospital with a suspicious breast tumor. Core biopsy and mastectomy showed a low-grade breast carcinoma, a secretory subtype with apocrine differentiation. Immunohistochemistry confirmed both the secretory nature and the apocrine nature of the tumor cells. Surgical excision was considered curative and the patient is under long-term surveillance for any recurrences. Conclusions: There is very little research on the clinical behavior of secretory carcinomas with apocrine differentiation. The clinical outcome is unknown and, unfortunately, besides surgery, no other adjuvant treatments have shown efficacy. Further studies on long-term clinical progression are required for this rare entity.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D001943', 'D000368', 'D002277', 'D008408', 'D001050', 'D007150', 'D002454']"
38928316,Hydrogel Wound Dressings Accelerating Healing Process of Wounds in Movable Parts.,"Skin is the largest organ in the human body and requires proper dressing to facilitate healing after an injury. Wounds on movable parts, such as the elbow, knee, wrist, and neck, usually undergo delayed and inefficient healing due to frequent movements. To better accommodate movable wounds, a variety of functional hydrogels have been successfully developed and used as flexible wound dressings. On the one hand, the mechanical properties, such as adhesion, stretchability, and self-healing, make these hydrogels suitable for mobile wounds and promote the healing process; on the other hand, the bioactivities, such as antibacterial and antioxidant performance, could further accelerate the wound healing process. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in hydrogel-based movable wound dressings and propose the challenges and perspectives of such dressings.","['D014945', 'D006801', 'D020100', 'D001458', 'D000818', 'D000900', 'D012867']"
38928245,The Role of the Microbiota in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis-A Literature Review.,"Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition with a high prevalence worldwide. AD pathogenesis is complex and consists of immune system dysregulation and impaired skin barrier, influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The purpose of the review is to show the complex interplay between atopic dermatitis and the microbiota. Human microbiota plays an important role in AD pathogenesis and the course of the disease. Dysbiosis is an important factor contributing to the development of atopic diseases, including atopic dermatitis. The gut microbiota can influence the composition of the skin microbiota, strengthening the skin barrier and regulating the immune response via the involvement of bacterial metabolites, particularly short-chain fatty acids, in signaling pathways of the gut-skin axis. AD can be modulated by antibiotic intake, dietary adjustments, hygiene, and living conditions. One of the promising strategies for modulating the course of AD is probiotics. This review offers a summary of how the microbiota influences the development and treatment of AD, highlighting aspects that warrant additional investigation.","['D003876', 'D006801', 'D064806', 'D000069196', 'D019936', 'D064307', 'D012867', 'D000818']"
38928239,Hair Thickness Growth Effect of Adenosine Complex in Male-/Female-Patterned Hair Loss via Inhibition of Androgen Receptor Signaling.,"Aging (senescence) is an unavoidable biological process that results in visible manifestations in all cutaneous tissues, including scalp skin and hair follicles. Previously, we evaluated the molecular function of adenosine in promoting alopecia treatment in vitro. To elucidate the differences in the molecular mechanisms between minoxidil (MNX) and adenosine, gene expression changes in dermal papilla cells were examined. The androgen receptor (AR) pathway was identified as a candidate target of adenosine for hair growth, and the anti-androgenic activity of adenosine was examined in vitro. In addition, ex vivo examination of human hair follicle organ cultures revealed that adenosine potently elongated the anagen stage. According to the severity of alopecia, the ratio of the two peaks (terminal hair area/vellus hair area) decreased continuously. We further investigated the adenosine hair growth promoting effect in vivo to examine the hair thickness growth effects of topical 5% MNX and the adenosine complex (0.75% adenosine, 1% penthenol, and 2% niacinamide; APN) in vivo. After 4 months of administration, both the MNX and APN group showed significant increases in hair density (MNX + 5.01% (p < 0.01), APN + 6.20% (p < 0.001)) and thickness (MNX + 5.14% (p < 0.001), APN + 10.32% (p < 0.001)). The inhibition of AR signaling via adenosine could have contributed to hair thickness growth. We suggest that the anti-androgenic effect of adenosine, along with the evaluation of hair thickness distribution, could help us to understand hair physiology and to investigate new approaches for drug development.","['D000505', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D011944', 'D000241', 'D018859', 'D015398', 'D008914', 'D005260', 'D000818', 'D006197']"
38928177,Investigating the Free Volumes as Nanospaces in Human Stratum Corneum Lipid Bilayers Using Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS).,"This work is the first one that provides not only evidence for the existence of free volumes in the human stratum corneum but also focuses on comparing these experimental data, obtained through the unique positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) method, with theoretical values published in earlier works. The mean free volume of 0.269 nm was slightly lower than the theoretical value of 0.4 nm. The lifetime τ3 (1.83 ns with a coefficient of variation CV of 3.21%) is dependent on the size of open sites in the skin. This information was used to calculate the free volume radius R (0.269 nm with CV 2.14%), free volume size Vf (0.081 nm3 with CV 4.69%), and the intensity I3 (9.01% with CV 10.94%) to estimate the relative fractional free volume fv (1.32 a.u. with CV 13.68%) in human skin ex vivo. The relation between the lifetime of o-Ps (τ3) and the radius of free volume (R) was formulated using the Tao-Eldrup model, which assumes spherical voids and applies to sites with radii smaller than 1 nm. The results indicate that PALS is a powerful tool for confirming the existence of free volumes and determining their size. The studies also focused on describing the probable locations of these nanospaces in SC lipid bilayers. According to the theory, these play an essential role in dynamic processes in biological systems, including the diffusion of low-molecular-weight hydrophobic and moderately hydrophilic molecules. The mechanism of their formation has been determined by the molecular dynamics of the lipid chains.","['D006801', 'D008051', 'D013057', 'D004817', 'D012867']"
38928170,Rare Filaggrin Variants Are Associated with Pustular Skin Diseases in Asians.,"Reactive pustular eruptions (RPEs) can manifest in a variety of conditions, including pustular psoriasis (PP) and adult-onset immunodeficiency syndrome due to anti-interferon-γ autoantibody (AOID). These RPEs can be attributed to different causes, one of which is genetic factors. However, the genetic basis for pustular skin diseases remains poorly understood. In our study, we conducted whole-exome sequencing on a cohort of 17 AOID patients with pustular reactions (AOID-PR) and 24 PP patients. We found that 76% and 58% of the AOID-PR and PP patients, respectively, carried rare genetic variations within the filaggrin (FLG) gene family. A total of 12 out of 21 SNPs on FLG had previously received clinical classifications, with only p.Ser2706Ter classified as pathogenic. In contrast, none of the FLG3 SNPs identified in this study had prior clinical classifications. Overall, these variations had not been previously documented in cases of pustular disorders, and two of them were entirely novel discoveries. Immunohistochemical analysis of skin biopsies revealed that FLG variants like p.Ser860Trp, p.Gly3903Ter, p.Gly2440Glu, and p.Glu2133Asp caused reductions in FLG levels similar to the pathogenic FLG p.Ser2706Ter. These results highlight rare FLG variants as potential novel genetic risk factors contributing to pustule formation in both AOID and PP.","['D006801', 'D000091344', 'D007381', 'D020641', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D044466', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D000073359', 'D020022', 'D011565', 'D000368', 'D007371', 'D001323', 'D012867']"
38927998,Specific Features of the Functional Activity of Human Adipose Stromal Cells in the Structure of a Partial Skin-Equivalent.,"Mesenchymal adipose stromal cells (ASCs) are considered the most promising and accessible material for translational medicine. ASCs can be used independently or within the structure of scaffold-based constructs, as these not only ensure mechanical support, but can also optimize conditions for cell activity, as specific features of the scaffold structure have an impact on the vital activity of the cells. This manuscript presents a study of the secretion and accumulation that occur in a conditioned medium during the cultivation of human ASCs within the structure of such a partial skin-equivalent that is in contact with it. It is demonstrated that the ASCs retain their functional activity during cultivation both within this partial skin-equivalent structure and, separately, on plastic substrates: they proliferate and secrete various proteins that can then accumulate in the conditioned media. Our comparative study of changes in the conditioned media during cultivation of ASCs on plastic and within the partial skin-equivalent structure reveals the different dynamics of the release and accumulation of such secretory factors in the media under a variety of conditions of cell functioning. It is also demonstrated that the optimal markers for assessment of the ASCs' secretory functions in the studied partial skin-equivalent structure are the trophic factors VEGF-A, HGF, MCP, SDF-1α, IL-6 and IL-8. The results will help with the development of an algorithm for preclinical studies of this skin-equivalent in vitro and may be useful in studying various other complex constructs that include ASCs.","['D006801', 'D054377', 'D059630', 'D017077', 'D042461', 'D015850', 'D016209', 'D017228', 'D002478', 'D012867', 'D049109', 'D018932', 'D000273']"
38927131,New Insights into the Role of PPARγ in Skin Physiopathology.,"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a transcription factor expressed in many tissues, including skin, where it is essential for maintaining skin barrier permeability, regulating cell proliferation/differentiation, and modulating antioxidant and inflammatory responses upon ligand binding. Therefore, PPARγ activation has important implications for skin homeostasis. Over the past 20 years, with increasing interest in the role of PPARs in skin physiopathology, considerable effort has been devoted to the development of PPARγ ligands as a therapeutic option for skin inflammatory disorders. In addition, PPARγ also regulates sebocyte differentiation and lipid production, making it a potential target for inflammatory sebaceous disorders such as acne. A large number of studies suggest that PPARγ also acts as a skin tumor suppressor in both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers, but its role in tumorigenesis remains controversial. In this review, we have summarized the current state of research into the role of PPARγ in skin health and disease and how this may provide a starting point for the development of more potent and selective PPARγ ligands with a low toxicity profile, thereby reducing unwanted side effects.","['D047495', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D012867', 'D012878', 'D012871', 'D008024', 'D002454']"
38927026,An Assessment of Administration Route on MSC-sEV Therapeutic Efficacy.,"Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) are promising therapeutic agents. In this study, we investigated how the administration route of MSC-sEVs affects their therapeutic efficacy in a mouse model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced skin scleroderma (SSc). We evaluated the impact of topical (TOP), subcutaneous (SC), and intraperitoneal (IP) administration of MSC-sEVs on dermal fibrosis, collagen density, and thickness. All three routes of administration significantly reduced BLM-induced fibrosis in the skin, as determined by Masson's Trichrome staining. However, only TOP administration reduced BLM-induced dermal collagen density, with no effect on dermal thickness observed for all administration routes. Moreover, SC, but not TOP or IP administration, increased anti-inflammatory profibrotic CD163+ M2 macrophages. These findings indicate that the administration route influences the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-sEVs in alleviating dermal fibrosis, with TOP administration being the most effective, and this efficacy is not mediated by M2 macrophages. Since both TOP and SC administration target the skin, the difference in their efficacy likely stems from variations in MSC-sEV delivery in the skin. Fluorescence-labelled TOP, but not SC MSC-sEVs when applied to skin explant cultures, localized in the stratum corneum. Hence, the superior efficacy of TOP over SC MSC-sEVs could be attributed to this localization. A comparison of the proteomes of stratum corneum and MSC-sEVs revealed the presence of >100 common proteins. Most of these proteins, such as filaggrin, were known to be crucial for maintaining skin barrier function against irritants and toxins, thereby mitigating inflammation-induced fibrosis. Therefore, the superior efficacy of TOP MSC-sEVs over SC and IP MSC-sEVs against SSc is mediated by the delivery of proteins to the stratum corneum to reinforce the skin barrier.","['D000818', 'D059630', 'D051379', 'D001761', 'D000067128', 'D012867', 'D004195', 'D005355', 'D005260', 'D000091344', 'D008264', 'D004333', 'D006801']"
38926892,Single-cell transcriptional analysis of irradiated skin reveals changes in fibroblast subpopulations and variability in caveolin expression.,"Radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) is an important late complication of radiation therapy, and the resulting damaging effects of RIF can significantly impact reconstructive outcomes. There is currently a paucity of effective treatment options available, likely due to the continuing knowledge gap surrounding the cellular mechanisms involved. In this study, detailed analyses of irradiated and non-irradiated human skin samples were performed incorporating histological and single-cell transcriptional analysis to identify novel features guiding development of skin fibrosis following radiation injury.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D059010', 'D005347', 'D051242', 'D012867', 'D001943', 'D051243', 'D011832', 'D005355', 'D008875']"
38926104,Astaxanthin Expedites the Healing of Acute Skin Wounds in Rats by Facilitating M2 Macrophage Polarization and Enhancing Collagen Secretion.,"Facilitating the healing process of skin post-trauma is crucial for minimizing infection risks and reinstating normal tissue functionality. While past studies have established astaxanthin (ASX) as an effective compound in promoting wound healing, the precise mechanism of its action remains unclear. Consequently, the objective of this study was to explore the impact of ASX on the acute wound healing of rat skin by modulating macrophage polarization.","['D000818', 'D014945', 'D008297', 'D008264', 'D051381', 'D017207', 'D024341', 'D003094', 'D012867', 'D016207', 'D008262']"
38925923,Preparation and Application of Decanoic Acid/Arginine Hydrogels to a Transdermal Formulation.,"We prepared a supramolecular hydrogel composed of decanoic acid and arginine (C10/Arg gel) and evaluated its application to a transdermal formulation. C10/Arg gel adjusted to pH 7 with 1 M NaOH aq or 1 M HCl aq provided a translucent hydrogel with a lamellar liquid crystal structure in the concentration region of decanoic acid ≥12% and arginine ≤9%. Rheological measurements showed that C10/Arg gel is a viscoelastic material with both solid and liquid properties, with elasticity being dominant over viscosity in the low shear stress region. The skin permeability of hydrocortisone (HC) and indomethacin (IM) from C10/Arg gels was investigated in vitro using hairless mouse skin and compared to control formulation drug suspensions (IM or HC) in water. The cumulative permeation amount of HC and IM from the C10/Arg gel at 10 h after application was approximately 16 and 11 times higher than that of the control, respectively. On the other hand, the flux of IM decreased with increasing arginine concentration, likely due to the acid-base interaction between Arg and IM in C10/Arg gel. Adequate drug skin permeation enhancement by C10/Arg gel requires optimizing the gel composition for each specific drug.","['D000818', 'D001120', 'D020100', 'D008812', 'D012869', 'D000279', 'D012867', 'D007213', 'D003652', 'D006854', 'D051379', 'D012212', 'D010539', 'D008297']"
38924322,Performing Suction Blister Skin Biopsies.,"Traditional skin sampling methods include punch or shave biopsies to produce a solid tissue sample for analysis. These biopsy procedures are painful, require anesthesia, and leave permanent scars. This unit describes a suction blister skin biopsy method that can be used in place of traditional biopsy methodologies as a minimally invasive, non-scarring skin sampling technique. The induction of suction blisters uses an instrument with a chamber that applies negative pressure and gentle heat to the skin. Blister formation occurs within 1 hr, producing up to five blisters, each 10 mm in diameter per biopsy site. Blister fluid can be extracted and centrifuged to retrieve cells from the epidermis and upper dermis for flow cytometry, single-cell RNA sequencing, cell culture, and more without the need for digestion protocols. In addition, the blister fluid can be used to measure soluble proteins and metabolites. This unit describes the preparation of supplies and subjects, the suction blister biopsy procedure and blister formation, fluid extraction, and post-blistering care. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of supplies and subject Basic Protocol 2: Suction blister biopsy procedure and formation Basic Protocol 3: Blister fluid extraction Basic Protocol 4: Post-blister care and clean up.","['D006801', 'D001768', 'D013396', 'D001706', 'D012867', 'D013048']"
38924131,High-frequency ultrasound evaluation of morphea: Retrospective analytical study.,"To date, there are no accepted outcome measures to monitor morphea, and consensus on specific monitoring criteria for morphea remains elusive. A few studies have assessed the criterion validity of skin ultrasound in morphea. So, in this study, we approach ultrasound findings in morphea lesions.","['D006801', 'D012594', 'D012189', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D014463', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D000293', 'D055815', 'D012867', 'D002648']"
38923380,"Oxidative stress in hair follicle development and hair growth: Signalling pathways, intervening mechanisms and potential of natural antioxidants.","Hair follicle development and hair growth are regulated by multiple factors and multiple signalling pathways. The hair follicle, as an important skin appendage, is the basis for hair growth, and it has the functions of safeguarding the body, perceiving the environment and regulating body temperature. Hair growth undergoes a regular hair cycle, including anagen, catagen and telogen. A small amount of physiological shedding of hair occurs under normal conditions, always in a dynamic equilibrium. Hair loss occurs when the skin or hair follicles are stimulated by oxidative stress, inflammation or hormonal disorders that disrupt the homeostasis of the hair follicles. Numerous researches have indicated that oxidative stress is an important factor causing hair loss. Here, we summarize the signalling pathways and intervention mechanisms by which oxidative stress affects hair follicle development and hair growth, discuss existing treatments for hair loss via the antioxidant pathway and provide our own insights. In addition, we collate antioxidant natural products promoting hair growth in recent years and discuss the limitations and perspectives of current hair loss prevention and treatment.","['D018859', 'D006801', 'D000975', 'D018384', 'D015398', 'D000818', 'D006197', 'D000505', 'D001688']"
38923076,Tryptophan intrinsic fluorescence from wound healing correlates with re-epithelialization in a rabbit model.,"Wound healing monitoring and timely decision-making are critical for wound classification. Tryptophan (Tr) intrinsic fluorescence, detected at 295/340 nm, provides a noninvasive approach for wound assessment. Our previous work demonstrated that this autofluorescence is associated with keratinocytes in a highly proliferative state in vitro.","['D000818', 'D011817', 'D014364', 'D062326', 'D014945', 'D004195', 'D005453', 'D012867', 'D061848', 'D007249', 'D014466']"
38922899,Associations of Household and Neighborhood Contexts and Hair Cortisol Among Mexican-Origin Adolescents From Low-Income Immigrant Families.,"Although neighborhood contexts serve as upstream determinants of health, it remains unclear how these contexts ""get under the skin"" of Mexican-origin youth, who are disproportionately concentrated in highly disadvantaged yet co-ethnic neighborhoods. The current study examines the associations between household and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES), neighborhood racial-ethnic and immigrant composition, and hair cortisol concentration (HCC)-a physiological index of chronic stress response-among Mexican-origin adolescents from low-income immigrant families in the United States. A total of 297 (54.20% female; mage = 17.61, SD = 0.93) Mexican-origin adolescents had their hair cortisol collected, and their residential addresses were geocoded and merged with the American Community Survey. Neighborhoods with higher Hispanic-origin and foreign-born residents were associated with higher neighborhood disadvantage, whereas neighborhoods with higher non-Hispanic White and domestic-born residents were associated with higher neighborhood affluence. Mexican-origin adolescents living in neighborhoods with a higher proportion of Hispanic-origin residents showed lower levels of HCC, consistent with the role of the ethnic enclave. In contrast, adolescents living in more affluent neighborhoods showed higher levels of HCC, possibly reflecting a physiological toll. No association was found between household SES and HCC. Our findings underscore the importance of taking sociocultural contexts and person-environment fit into consideration when understanding how neighborhoods influence adolescents' stress physiology.","['D006801', 'D000293', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D006854', 'D006197', 'D017058', 'D054242', 'D014481', 'D011203', 'D012111', 'D000091542', 'D012923', 'D013315']"
38922774,Delta opioid receptor expression correlates to skin ageing and melanin expression in Asian women.,"While the evidence for the implication of opioid receptors (OPr) in ageing is growing, there is, to our knowledge, no study focusing directly on changes in vivo cutaneous OPr expression with increasing age. We thus investigated OPr expression in 30 healthy female Asian volunteers in Southern China whose ages range from the early 20s to the early 60s. Excisional biopsies were taken from the sun-exposed extensor area of the lower arm and the photo-protected area of the upper inner arm. The thickness of the epidermal layers, melanin content, as well as expression of mu-opioid receptors (MOPr) and delta-opioid receptors (DOPr) were compared between different age ranges and photo-exposure status. Significant increased epidermal hypertrophy on the extensor surface was observed. There was significant reduction of DOPr in the epidermis with increasing age, independent of photo-ageing. The increase of melanin was significantly correlated with epidermal DOPr expression, not with MOPr expression. DOPr expression could thus serve as a marker for real biological ageing unaffected by chronic photo-exposure. Additionally, DOPr expression was inversely correlated with the deposition of melanin. Based on these results, we hypothesise that regulation of DOPr expression could be used to improve aged skin, including hyperpigmentation.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008543', 'D000328', 'D015595', 'D017465', 'D008875', 'D044466', 'D055815', 'D004817', 'D017450', 'D002681']"
38922170,Investigating Snake-Venom-Induced Dermonecrosis and Inflammation Using an Ex Vivo Human Skin Model.,"Snakebite envenoming is a neglected tropical disease that causes >100,000 deaths and >400,000 cases of morbidity annually. Despite the use of mouse models, severe local envenoming, defined by morbidity-causing local tissue necrosis, remains poorly understood, and human-tissue responses are ill-defined. Here, for the first time, an ex vivo, non-perfused human skin model was used to investigate temporal histopathological and immunological changes following subcutaneous injections of venoms from medically important African vipers (Echis ocellatus and Bitis arietans) and cobras (Naja nigricollis and N. haje). Histological analysis of venom-injected ex vivo human skin biopsies revealed morphological changes in the epidermis (ballooning degeneration, erosion, and ulceration) comparable to clinical signs of local envenoming. Immunostaining of these biopsies confirmed cell apoptosis consistent with the onset of necrosis. RNA sequencing, multiplex bead arrays, and ELISAs demonstrated that venom-injected human skin biopsies exhibited higher rates of transcription and expression of chemokines (CXCL5, MIP1-ALPHA, RANTES, MCP-1, and MIG), cytokines (IL-1β, IL-1RA, G-CSF/CSF-3, and GM-CSF), and growth factors (VEGF-A, FGF, and HGF) in comparison to non-injected biopsies. To investigate the efficacy of antivenom, SAIMR Echis monovalent or SAIMR polyvalent antivenom was injected one hour following E. ocellatus or N. nigricollis venom treatment, respectively, and although antivenom did not prevent venom-induced dermal tissue damage, it did reduce all pro-inflammatory chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors to normal levels after 48 h. This ex vivo skin model could be useful for studies evaluating the progression of local envenoming and the efficacy of snakebite treatments.","['D006801', 'D012867', 'D009336', 'D000818', 'D016207', 'D012909', 'D004546', 'D014757', 'D007249', 'D017819', 'D018925']"
38921566,Stem-Cell-Regenerative and Protective Effects of Squid (Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis) Skin Collagen Peptides against H2O2-Induced Fibroblast Injury.,"Recently, there has been a growing interest in collagen peptides derived from marine sources for their notable ability to protect skin cells against apoptosis induced by oxidants. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the fundamental properties of collagen peptides, including their physicochemical, thermal, structural, stem-cell-regenerative, and skin-cell-protective effects, in comparison to commercial collagen peptides. The acid-soluble (ASC) and pepsin-soluble (PSC) collagens exhibited three distinct bands on SDS-PAGE, namely α (α1 and α2), β, and γ chains, confirming a type I pattern. The thermal profiles obtained from TG and DSC analyses confirmed the denaturation of PSC and ASC at temperatures ranging from 51.94 to 56.4 °C and from 52.07 to 56.53 °C, respectively. The purified collagen peptides were analyzed using SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, revealing a mass range of 900-15,000 Da. Furthermore, the de novo peptide sequence analysis confirmed the presence of the Gly-X-Y repeating sequence in collagen peptides. Collagen peptide treatments significantly enhanced HFF-1 cell proliferation and migration compared to the control group. ELISA results confirmed the potential interactions between collagen peptides and HFF-1 cells through α2β1, α10β1, and α11β1 integrin receptors. Notably, collagen peptide treatment effectively restored the proliferation of HFF-1 cells damaged by H2O2. Consequently, the advantageous characteristics of squid skin collagen peptides highlight their promising role in regenerative medicine.","['D000818', 'D006861', 'D003094', 'D005347', 'D049832', 'D012867', 'D006801', 'D010455', 'D049109', 'D013234', 'D002460', 'D020011', 'D002465']"
38921559,Evaluation of the Biological Activities of Peptides from Epidermal Mucus of Marine Fish Species from Chilean Aquaculture.,"The skin of fish is a physicochemical barrier that is characterized by being formed by cells that secrete molecules responsible for the first defense against pathogenic organisms. In this study, the biological activity of peptides from mucus of Seriola lalandi and Seriolella violacea were identified and characterized. To this purpose, peptide extraction was carried out from epidermal mucus samples of juveniles of both species, using chromatographic strategies for purification. Then, the peptide extracts were characterized to obtain the amino acid sequence by mass spectrometry. Using bioinformatics tools for predicting antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, 12 peptides were selected that were chemically produced by simultaneous synthesis using the Fmoc-Tbu strategy. The results revealed that the synthetic peptides presented a random coil or extended secondary structure. The analysis of antimicrobial activity allowed it to be discriminated that four peptides, named by their synthesis code 5065, 5069, 5070, and 5076, had the ability to inhibit the growth of Vibrio anguillarum and affected the copepodite stage of C. rogercresseyi. On the other hand, peptides 5066, 5067, 5070, and 5077 had the highest antioxidant capacity. Finally, peptides 5067, 5069, 5070, and 5076 were the most effective for inducing respiratory burst in fish leukocytes. The analysis of association between composition and biological function revealed that the antimicrobial activity depended on the presence of basic and aromatic amino acids, while the presence of cysteine residues increased the antioxidant activity of the peptides. Additionally, it was observed that those peptides that presented the highest antimicrobial capacity were those that also stimulated respiratory burst in leukocytes. This is the first work that demonstrates the presence of functional peptides in the epidermal mucus of Chilean marine fish, which provide different biological properties when the fish face opportunistic pathogens.","['D000818', 'D009093', 'D017756', 'D002677', 'D005399', 'D000975', 'D010455', 'D014733', 'D004817', 'D000900']"
38920695,Blockade of Sialylation with Decrease in Polysialic Acid Levels Counteracts Transforming Growth Factor β1-Induced Skin Fibroblast-to-Myofibroblast Transition.,"Aberrant sialylation with overexpression of the homopolymeric glycan polysialic acid (polySia) was recently reported in fibroblasts from fibrotic skin lesions. Yet, whether such a rise in polySia levels or sialylation in general may be functionally implicated in profibrotic activation of fibroblasts and their transition to myofibroblasts remains unknown. Therefore, we herein explored whether inhibition of sialylation could interfere with the process of skin fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition induced by the master profibrotic mediator transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). Adult human skin fibroblasts were pretreated with the competitive pan-sialyltransferase inhibitor 3-Fax-peracetyl-Neu5Ac (3-Fax) before stimulation with recombinant human TGFβ1, and then analyzed for polySia expression, cell viability, proliferation, migratory ability, and acquisition of myofibroblast-like morphofunctional features. Skin fibroblast stimulation with TGFβ1 resulted in overexpression of polySia, which was effectively blunted by 3-Fax pre-administration. Pretreatment with 3-Fax efficiently lessened TGFβ1-induced skin fibroblast proliferation, migration, changes in cell morphology, and phenotypic and functional differentiation into myofibroblasts, as testified by a significant reduction in FAP, ACTA2, COL1A1, COL1A2, and FN1 gene expression, and α-smooth muscle actin, N-cadherin, COL1A1, and FN-EDA protein levels, as well as a reduced contractile capability. Moreover, skin fibroblasts pre-administered with 3-Fax displayed a significant decrease in Smad3-dependent canonical TGFβ1 signaling. Collectively, our in vitro findings demonstrate for the first time that aberrant sialylation with increased polySia levels has a functional role in skin fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and suggest that competitive sialyltransferase inhibition might offer new therapeutic opportunities against skin fibrosis.","['D006801', 'D053773', 'D012867', 'D012794', 'D058628', 'D005347', 'D049109', 'D002454', 'D002465', 'D012799', 'D015398', 'D002478']"
38920642,Efficient Generation of Pancreatic Progenitor Cells from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from a Non-Invasive and Accessible Tissue Source-The Plucked Hair Follicle.,"The advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has brought about transformative advancements in regenerative medicine, offering novel avenues for disease modeling, drug testing, and cell-based therapies. Patient-specific iPSC-based treatments hold the promise of mitigating immune rejection risks. However, the intricacies and costs of producing autologous therapies present commercial challenges. The hair follicle is a multi-germ layered versatile cell source that can be harvested at any age. It is a rich source of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, multipotent stromal cells, and the newly defined Hair Follicle-Associated Pluripotent Stem Cells (HAP). It can also be obtained non-invasively and transported via regular mail channels, making it the ideal starting material for an autologous biobank. In this study, cryopreserved hair follicle-derived iPSC lines (HF-iPS) were established through integration-free vectors, encompassing a diverse cohort. These genetically stable lines exhibited robust expression of pluripotency markers, and showcased tri-lineage differentiation potential. The HF-iPSCs effectively differentiated into double-positive cKIT+/CXCR4+ definitive endoderm cells and NKX6.1+/PDX1+ pancreatic progenitor cells, affirming their pluripotent attributes. We anticipate that the use of plucked hair follicles as an accessible, non-invasive cell source to obtain patient cells, in conjunction with the use of episomal vectors for reprogramming, will improve the future generation of clinically applicable pancreatic progenitor cells for the treatment of Type I Diabetes.","['D057026', 'D006801', 'D018859', 'D002454', 'D010179', 'D005260']"
38920575,Rapid Separation and Detection of Drugs in Complex Biological Matrix Using TD-CDI Mass Spectrometer.,"The drug detection technology plays a pivotal role in the domains of pharmaceutical regulation and law enforcement. In this study, we introduce a method that combines thermal desorption corona discharge ionization (TD-CDI) with mass spectrometry for efficient drug detection. The TD-CDI module, characterized by its compact and simple design, enables the separation of analytes within seconds and real-time presentation of one or two analyte peaks on the mass spectrum most of the time, which reduces matrix interference and improves detection performance. Through experimental investigation, we studied the characteristics of TD-CDI for analyte separation and detection, even with the same mass number, and optimized the TD-CDI approach. TD-CDI-MS was employed for the rapid detection of drugs in various traditional medicine, food products, and human samples. Additionally, by utilizing TD-CDI for segmented hair direct analysis, it becomes possible to trace the drug usage cycle of individuals. This underscores the feasibility of the proposed analytical method within the realm of drug detection.","['D006801', 'D013058', 'D004364', 'D006197']"
38918427,A comparative study of an advanced skin imaging system in diagnosing facial pigmentary and inflammatory conditions.,"Visual assessment, while the primary method for pigmentation and erythema evaluation in clinical practice, is subjective, time-consuming, and may lead to variability in observations among clinicians. Objective and quantitative techniques are required for a precise evaluation of the disease's severity and the treatment's efficacy. This research examines the precision and utility of a newly developed skin imaging system in assessing pigmentation and erythema. Sixty participants were recruited, and their facial images were analyzed with the new OBSERV 520 x skin imaging system, compared to DERMACATCH for regional analysis and VISIA for full-face examination. The degree of skin pigmentation was clinically graded using the MASI scores evaluated by dermatologists. The data revealed positive correlations between the novel skin imaging system and the two conventional instruments in quantifying pigmentation and erythema, whether in regional or full-face analysis. Furthermore, the new skin imaging system positively correlated with the clinical MASI scores (r = 0.4314, P < 0.01). In contrast, our study found no significant correlation between the traditional system and clinical assessment, indicating a more substantial capacity for hyperpigmentation assessment in the new system. Our study validates the innovative skin imaging system's accuracy in evaluating pigmentation and erythema, demonstrating its feasibility for quantitative evaluation in both clinical and research purposes.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D004890', 'D005145', 'D008875', 'D012880', 'D012867', 'D055815', 'D007249', 'D000368', 'D010859', 'D017495']"
38918415,Carbon source competition within the wound microenvironment can significantly influence infection progression.,"It is becoming increasingly apparent that commensal skin bacteria have an important role in wound healing and infection progression. However, the precise mechanisms underpinning many of these probiotic interactions remain to be fully uncovered. In this work, we demonstrate that the common skin commensal Cutibacterium acnes can limit the pathogenicity of the prevalent wound pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vivo. We show that this impact on pathogenicity is independent of any effect on growth, but occurs through a significant downregulation of the Type Three Secretion System (T3SS), the primary toxin secretion system utilised by P. aeruginosa in eukaryotic infection. We also show a downregulation in glucose acquisition systems, a known regulator of the T3SS, suggesting that glucose availability in a wound can influence infection progression. C. acnes is well known as a glucose fermenting organism, and we demonstrate that topically supplementing a wound with glucose reverses the probiotic effects of C. acnes. This suggests that introducing carbon source competition within the wound microenvironment may be an effective way to prevent or limit wound infection.","['D011550', 'D005947', 'D000818', 'D000069296', 'D011425', 'D014946', 'D051379', 'D011552', 'D012867', 'D002244', 'D014945', 'D000898', 'D018450', 'D006801']"
38918199,[Preparation and in vivo osteogenesis of acellular dermal matrix/dicalcium phosphate composite scaffold for bone repair].,"To investigate the physicochemical properties, osteogenic properties, and osteogenic ability in rabbit model of femoral condylar defect of acellular dermal matrix (ADM)/dicalcium phosphate (DCP) composite scaffold.","['D000818', 'D011817', 'D002130', 'D008297', 'D054457', 'D023822', 'D062088', 'D001861', 'D010012', 'D018786', 'D001672', 'D005269', 'D008855', 'D008422']"
38916395,Leprosy Presenting as Distal Acquired Demyelinating Symmetric Variant of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy: An Atypical Manifestation of Hansan's Disease.,"Leprosy, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, is known to primarily affect the skin and peripheral nerves. We present a rare case of leprosy initially manifesting as demyelinating polyneuropathy. A 46-year-old female presented with progressive weakness, tingling, and numbness in her extremities. Nerve conduction studies revealed evidence of demyelination, prompting further investigations. Skin slit-skin smears confirmed the diagnosis of leprosy, with the presence of acid-fast bacilli. The patient was subsequently started on multidrug therapy, leading to significant clinical improvement. This case highlights the importance of considering leprosy as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with demyelinating polyneuropathy, especially in endemic regions.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D020277', 'D007918', 'D003937', 'D009166', 'D012867', 'D007917']"
38915869,The Mechanism of Catalpol to Improve Oxidative Damage of Dermal Fibroblasts Based on Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway.,"Catalpol, as a natural medicine small-molecule drug, has been proven to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pharmacological effects.","['D057888', 'D051267', 'D005347', 'D018384', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D015398', 'D051547', 'D004305', 'D017209', 'D002478', 'D006861', 'D000975', 'D012867', 'D013329', 'D002460', 'D008565']"
38914551,Aging and homeostasis of the hypodermis in the age-related deterioration of skin function.,"Adipose tissues in the hypodermis, the crucial stem cell reservoir in the skin and the endocrine organ for the maintenance of skin homeostasis undergo significant changes during skin aging. Dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) has recently been recognized as an important organ for both non-metabolic and metabolic health in skin regeneration and rejuvenation. Defective differentiation, adipogenesis, improper adipocytokine production, and immunological dissonance dysfunction in dWAT lead to age-associated clinical changes. Here, we review age-related alterations in dWAT across levels, emphasizing the mechanisms underlying the regulation of aging. We also discuss the pathogenic changes involved in age-related fat dysfunction and the unfavorable consequences of accelerated skin aging, such as chronic inflammaging, immunosenescence, delayed wound healing, and fibrosis. Research has shown that adipose aging is an early initiation event and a potential target for extending longevity. We believe that adipose tissues play an essential role in aging and form a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of age-related skin diseases. Further research is needed to improve our understanding of this phenomenon.","['D006801', 'D006706', 'D000375', 'D015595', 'D000818', 'D012867', 'D052436', 'D050156']"
38914540,Creation of a biological sensorimotor interface for bionic reconstruction.,"Neuromuscular control of bionic arms has constantly improved over the past years, however, restoration of sensation remains elusive. Previous approaches to reestablish sensory feedback include tactile, electrical, and peripheral nerve stimulation, however, they cannot recreate natural, intuitive sensations. Here, we establish an experimental biological sensorimotor interface and demonstrate its potential use in neuroprosthetics. We transfer a mixed nerve to a skeletal muscle combined with glabrous dermal skin transplantation, thus forming a bi-directional communication unit in a rat model. Morphological analyses indicate reinnervation of the skin, mechanoreceptors, NMJs, and muscle spindles. Furthermore, sequential retrograde labeling reveals specific sensory reinnervation at the level of the dorsal root ganglia. Electrophysiological recordings show reproducible afferent signals upon tactile stimulation and tendon manipulation. The results demonstrate the possibility of surgically creating an interface for both decoding efferent motor control, as well as encoding afferent tactile and proprioceptive feedback, and may indicate the way forward regarding clinical translation of biological communication pathways for neuroprosthetic applications.","['D000818', 'D001701', 'D051381', 'D018482', 'D056228', 'D011434', 'D005727', 'D008465', 'D009470', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D014110', 'D012867']"
38913582,Dysbiosis and Staphylococcus species over representation in the exit site skin microbiota of hemodialysis patients carrying tunneled cuffed central venous catheter.,Hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are susceptible to infections and dysbiosis. Catheter-related infections are typically caused by opportunistic skin pathogens. This study aims to compare the skin microbiota changes around the exit site of tunneled cuffed catheters (peri-catheter group) and the contralateral site (control group).,"['D006801', 'D008875', 'D008297', 'D006435', 'D005260', 'D012867', 'D007676', 'D064806', 'D064307', 'D000368', 'D013210', 'D055499', 'D062905', 'D000328', 'D012336']"
38907248,Evaluation of OVOL1 and Filaggrin immunohistochemical expression and clinical relevance in psoriasis.,"Psoriasis is a disease of overactive immune system. OVOL1 and Filaggrin have been associated with many inflammatory skin lesions. To the best of our knowledge, the correlation between OVOL1 and Filaggrin in psoriasis was not previously investigated. This work aims to search the immunohistochemical expression and correlation between OVOL1 and Filaggrin in psoriasis.","['D006801', 'D000091344', 'D011565', 'D005260', 'D007381', 'D008297', 'D007150', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D012867', 'D055815', 'D000368', 'D015415', 'D016022', 'D001706', 'D000092522', 'D004268', 'D014157']"
38906953,Exposure assessment of dairy cows to parabens using hair samples analysis.,"Parabens (PBs) are used as preservatives in various products. They pollute the environment and penetrate living organisms, showing endocrine disrupting activity. Till now studies on long-term exposure of farm animals to PBs have not been performed. Among matrices using in PBs biomonitoring hair samples are becoming more and more important. During this study concentration levels of methyl paraben (MeP), ethyl paraben (EtP), propyl paraben (PrP) butyl paraben (BuP) and benzyl paraben (BeP) were evaluated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in hair samples collected from dairy cows bred in the Kyrgyz Republic. MeP was noted in 93.8% of samples (with mean concentration levels 62.2 ± 61.8 pg/mg), PrP in 16.7% of samples (12.4 ± 6.5 pg/mg) and EtP in 8.3% of samples (21.4 ± 11.9 pg/mg). BuP was found only in one sample (2.1%) and BeP was not detected in any sample included in the study. Some differences in MeP concentration levels in the hair samples depending on district, where cows were bred were noted. This study has shown that among PBs, dairy cows are exposed mainly to MeP, and hair samples may be a suitable matrix for research on PBs levels in farm animals.","['D000818', 'D002417', 'D010226', 'D006197', 'D005260', 'D002853', 'D000081205', 'D003612', 'D004781', 'D000079687']"
38905277,Negative Pressure Level and Effects on Bacterial Growth Kinetics in an in vitro Wound Model.,"Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) has been widely adopted in wound healing strategies due to its multimodal mechanism of action. While NPWT's positive impression on wound healing is well-established, its effect on bacterial load reduction remains equivocal. This study investigates NPWT's efficacy in reducing bioburden using an in vitro porcine skin model, focusing on the impact of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Custom-made negative pressure chambers were employed to apply varying negative pressures. Porcine skin was cut into 5 × 5 cm squares and three standardized wounds of 6 mm each were created using a biopsy punch. Then, wounds were infected with S. aureus and S. epidermidis bacterial suspensions diluted 1:10,000 to obtain a final concentration of 1.5 × 104 CFU/ml and were placed in negative pressure chambers. After incubation, bacterial counts were expressed as colony-forming units (CFU) per ml. For S. aureus at 120 hours, the median CFU, mean area per colony, and total growth area were notably lower at -80 mmHg when compared to -250 mmHg and -50 mmHg, suggesting an optimal negative pressure for the pressure-dependent inhibition of the bacterial proliferation. While analyzing S. epidermidis at 120 hours, the response to the negative pressure was similar but less clear, with the minor CFU at -100 mmHg. The influence of intermittent negative pressure on the S. epidermidis growth showed notably lower median CFU with the interval therapy every hour compared to the S. aureus control group. This study contributes valuable insights into NPWT's influence on the bacterial load, emphasizing the need for further research to reformulate its role in managing contaminated wounds.","['D013212', 'D000818', 'D013552', 'D054843', 'D013211', 'D014945', 'D058491', 'D014946', 'D007700', 'D013203', 'D012867']"
38904763,Diagnostic accuracy of high-frequency ultrasound for cutaneous neoplasms: a narrative review of the literature.,"High-frequency ultrasound has been used to visualize depth and vascularization of cutaneous neoplasms, but little has been synthesized as a review for a robust level of evidence about the diagnostic accuracy of high-frequency ultrasound in dermatology. A narrative review of the PubMed database was performed to establish the correlation between ultrasound findings and histopathologic/dermoscopic findings for cutaneous neoplasms. Articles were divided into the following four categories: melanocytic, keratinocytic/epidermal, appendageal, and soft tissue/neural neoplasms. Review of the literature revealed that ultrasound findings and histopathology findings were strongly correlated regarding the depth of a cutaneous neoplasm. Morphological characteristics were correlated primarily in soft tissue/neural neoplasms. Overall, there is a paucity of literature on the correlation between high-frequency ultrasound and histopathology of cutaneous neoplasms. Further studies are needed to investigate this correlation in various dermatologic conditions.","['D006801', 'D012878', 'D014463', 'D012867', 'D046169', 'D008545']"
38904694,Potential of cannabidiol as acne and acne scar treatment: novel insights into molecular pathways of pathophysiological factors.,"Cannabidiol (CBD), which is derived from hemp, is gaining recognition because of its anti-inflammatory and lipid-modulating properties that could be utilized to treat acne. We conducted experiments to quantitatively assess the effects of CBD on acne-related cellular pathways. SEB-1 sebocytes and HaCaT keratinocytes were exposed to various CBD concentrations. CBD exhibited a concentration-dependent impact on cell viability and notably reduced SEB-1 viability; furthermore, it induced apoptosis and a significant increase in the apoptotic area at higher concentrations. Additionally, CBD remarkably reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, including CXCL8, IL-1α, and IL-1β. Additionally, it inhibited lipid synthesis by modulating the AMPK-SREBP-1 pathway and effectively reduced hyperkeratinization-related protein keratin 16. Simultaneously, CBD stimulated the synthesis of elastin, collagen 1, and collagen 3. These findings emphasize the potential of CBD for the management of acne because of its anti-inflammatory, apoptotic, and lipid-inhibitory effects. Notably, the modulation of the Akt/AMPK-SREBP-1 pathway revealed a novel and promising mechanism that could address the pathogenesis of acne.","['D006801', 'D000152', 'D002185', 'D017209', 'D015603', 'D002470', 'D015398', 'D002921', 'D000893', 'D051780', 'D000084282', 'D055372', 'D051057', 'D024042', 'D024061', 'D004549', 'D012627', 'D053582', 'D053583', 'D016209', 'D002460']"
38903926,The Effect of Age on the Regenerative Potential of Adipose Stem-cell-derived Apoptotic Extracellular Vesicles in Rat Skin Wound Healing.,"Introduction: Skin, being the body's largest organ, is susceptible to injuries. Despite the adoption of common treatments such as debridement, wound dressing, and infection control measures for skin injuries, the outcomes remain unsatisfactory, especially in diabetic patients or elderly patients. The use of adipose stem cell-derived apoptotic extracellular vesicles (apoEVs-ASCs) has been shown great therapeutic potential in wound repair. The effect of the donor age on the biological properties and functions of apoEVs-ASCs has not been reported. Methods: In this study, we isolated apoEVs-ASCs from young and aged rats. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) were applied for the characteristics of apoEVs-ASCs. For aged and young apoEVs-ASCs groups, the proliferative and migration abilities in vitro, and wound healing function in vivo were contrastively evaluated and quantified for statistical analysis. Results: Our results showed that both young and aged apoEVs-ASCs induced skin healing and reduced scar formation. In addition, young apoEVs-ASCs had significantly higher proliferation, migration of fibroblasts and endothelial cells, and increased neo-angiogenesis ability, when compared with that of aged apoEVs-ASCs. Conclusion: Young apoEVs-ASCs should be employed for wound repair, which is associated with its superior promoting effect on wound healing.","['D000818', 'D014945', 'D000067128', 'D051381', 'D012867', 'D017209', 'D049109', 'D000273', 'D013234', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D002465', 'D000367', 'D012038', 'D017207']"
38903509,MicroRNA-939 amplifies Staphylococcus aureus-induced matrix metalloproteinase expression in atopic dermatitis.,"Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin diseases that seriously affects life quality of the patients. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonization on the skin plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD; however, the mechanism of how it modulates skin immunity to exacerbate AD remains unclear. MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that act as post-transcriptional regulators of genes. They are involved in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory skin diseases.","['D003876', 'D006801', 'D035683', 'D013211', 'D015603', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D020782', 'D013203', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D004195', 'D012867', 'D002478']"
38903505,"Case report: ""Fur stole and turtleneck"" and ""halter-back"" signs: an expanded wardrobe for dermatomyositis.","A diagnosis of dermatomyositis requires recognition of distinct patterns of skin disease in combination with, and sometimes without, muscle weakness. Often, a striking contrast between involved and uninvolved areas is observed. Familiar patterns include eyelid and midfacial eruptions, Gottron papules/sign, and upper back (shawl sign), central chest (V/open collar sign), and lateral thigh (holster sign) involvement. More recently, new specific antibody/phenotype-associated patterns have been reported. We describe a case series of two distinct patterns of skin involvement in six adult patients with both classical and amyopathic dermatomyositis. Three had paraneoplastic disease. All had intermediate to richly pigmented skin; five were of Afro-Caribbean and one was of Asian-Caribbean descent. Four were men, and two were women. Ages ranged from 41 to 89 years. All patients had concomitant hallmark signs (facial, hand, and/or trunk signs). Three were amyopathic. The first pattern involved a sharply demarcated, horizontally oriented hyperpigmented patch/thin plaque across the shoulders and upper chest, extending up the anterior neck. The second was the combination of the classical upper back shawl distribution with distinct mid-back sparing and diffuse involvement of the lower back. Named patterns help with the recognition of skin rashes in dermatomyositis. Based on the current lexicon describing items of apparel, we liken the first pattern to a ""fur stole and turtleneck"" sign and the latter to a ""halter-back"" or ""reflected-shawl"" sign. Biopsies revealed hyperkeratosis and interface dermatitis, often with epidermal atrophy, compatible with dermatomyositis. These patterns perhaps represent the coalescence of already well-described signs, photo-exacerbation, koebnerization, mechanical stretch, and other currently unclear factors contributing to patterning in dermatomyositis. Pattern distribution recognition is particularly valuable in individuals with richly pigmented skin who may lack typical violaceous erythema. The distinct demarcation led to the initial misdiagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis or other exogenous dermatitis in most of our patients. Further work involves evaluation of antibody phenotype and internal involvement associations. Limitations include lack of specific antibody panels and longitudinal follow-up data.","['D006801', 'D003882', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D000369', 'D012867', 'D001323']"
38950984,Preventing herpes zoster in immunocompromised patients: Current concepts.,"Herpes zoster (HZ) incidence is much higher in immunocompromised individuals than in immunocompetent individuals. HZ also occurs at a younger age and is often more severe in immunocompromised persons. Preventive strategies center around the recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV), which is approved for immunocompromised adults age 19 and older. Identifying those at greatest risk is critical. For those considering vaccination, evidence gaps regarding vaccine efficacy, toxicity, length of protection, and potential effects on underlying conditions may complicate shared and informed decision-making. Recent data have filled some of these gaps, with several societies issuing recommendations regarding vaccination. Remaining gaps are currently addressed by expert opinion.","['D006801', 'D006562', 'D016867', 'D053061', 'D014611']"
38949988,"Assessing the modification impact of vaccination on the relationship of the Discomfort Index with hand, foot, and mouth disease in Guizhou: A multicounty study.","Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a major public health issue in China while temperature and humidity are well-documented predictors. However, evidence on the combined effect of temperature and humidity is still limited. It also remains unclear whether such an effect could be modified by the enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccination.","['D006232', 'D006801', 'D002681', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D014611', 'D007223', 'D002675', 'D029821', 'D015994', 'D014765', 'D006813', 'D013696', 'D002648']"
38949812,COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness in Autumn and Winter 2022 to 2023 Among Older Europeans.,"In the context of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants or lineages and new vaccines, it is key to accurately monitor COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (CVE) to inform vaccination campaigns.","['D006801', 'D000368', 'D000086382', 'D000086663', 'D005260', 'D005060', 'D008297', 'D000087507', 'D000086402', 'D012621', 'D008875', 'D016022', 'D000369', 'D014611', 'D000094854']"
38949452,Hepatitis B immunisation and immune status of nurses in a regional hospital in central South Africa., The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most important biological occupational hazards for healthcare workers. A high percentage of HBV infections are attributable to percutaneous occupational exposure. This study aimed to describe the HBV immunisation and current immune status of all the nurses employed in a regional hospital in central South Africa.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D013019', 'D008297', 'D006509', 'D017325', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D009741', 'D014611', 'D016273', 'D009726']"
38948529,The type of COVID-19 vaccination does not affect reproductive function and pregnancy outcomes in infertile couples.,"Studies on the effect of vaccine type and two other vaccines other than inactivated vaccines approved in China on in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancy outcomes are rare. To complement and confirm the existing findings, this research aimed to investigate whether there are adverse effects of different vaccine types in females and males on reproductive function and clinical pregnancy.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D008297', 'D012189', 'D000328', 'D011256', 'D000086663', 'D000086382', 'D018873', 'D007246', 'D005307', 'D014611', 'D010062', 'D012098', 'D004624', 'D002681', 'D000086402']"
38948233,First fossil species of family Hyidae (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) confirms 99 million years of ecological stasis in a Gondwanan lineage.,"Burmese amber preserves a diverse assemblage of Cretaceous arachnids, and among pseudoscorpions (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones), ten species in five families have already been named. Here, we describe a new fossil species from Burmese amber in the pseudoscorpion family Hyidae, providing detailed measurements, photographs and 3D-models from synchrotron scanning. Based on morphology, the new fossil, Hya fynni sp. nov. is placed in the genus Hya, and is nearly identical to extant species in the genus, except for the position of trichobothrium est on the pedipalpal chela, thereby indicating extreme morphological stasis in this invertebrate lineage over the last 99 million years. Hya fynni represents the first described fossil species in Hyidae, and the third described Burmese fossil in the superfamily Neobisioidea. It also joins the garypinid, Amblyolpium burmiticum, in representing the oldest fossil records for extant pseudoscorpion genera. Considering proposed divergence dates, the newly described fossil species bolsters a Gondwanan origin for Hyidae, and provides evidence for the ""Late Jurassic Rifting"" hypothesis for the Burma Terrane, in which this landmass rifted from Gondwana in the Late Jurassic and collided with Eurasia by the Cretaceous/Eocene. Like Hya species today, H. fynni likely inhabited humicolous microhabitats in tropical forests on the Burma Terrane, supporting ecological niche stasis for this family since the Mesozoic.","['D000818', 'D005580', 'D001097', 'D018647', 'D005075', 'D002052', 'D010802']"
38948231,Cropping with Vicia villosa and native grass improves soil's bacterial structure and ecological network in a jujube orchard.,"In a jujube orchard, cropping withgrass may influence bacterial diversity and ecological networks due to changes of physicochemical properties in soil, which has a serious effect on the stability of soil ecosystems. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of different cultivation methods (CK: cleaning tillage; NG: cropping with native grass; VV: cropping with Vicia villosa) on the soil's bacterial structure and its co-occurrence network in a jujube orchard. The results showed that the highest moisture content, total nitrogen, and organic matter in the rhizosphere soil of a jujube orchard was found in the VV group. The soil's moisture content, total nitrogen, and organic matter in the VV group were 2.66%, 0.87 g kg-1, and 5.55 mg kg-1 higher than that found in the CK group. Compared to the CK group, the number of unique species in the rhizosphere soil in the NG and the VV groups increased by 7.33% and 21.44%. The PICRUSt and FAPROTAX analysis showed that sown grass had a greater influence on the ecological function of the soil's bacteria. Cropping with Vicia villosa and native grass significantly increased aerobic chemoheterotrophy, nitrogen respiration, nitrate reduction related to biochemical cycles, and the relative abundance of genes related to carbohydrate metabolism and the biodegradation of xenobiotics. The bacterial network complexity in the NG group was higher than that in the CK and VV groups and was greatest in the hub nodes (OTU42, Bacteroidota; OTU541, Nitrospiraceae). In this study, the ecological benefit seen in the soil's microbial function provides support to the theory that cropping with grass (Vicia villosa) increases the sustainable development of a jujube orchard.","['D031957', 'D012988', 'D058441', 'D031306', 'D012987', 'D006109', 'D001419']"
38948086,The Impact of Air Pollution Controls on Health and Health Inequity Among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese: Evidence From Panel Data.,We evaluated the long-term effects of air pollution controls on health and health inequity among Chinese >45 years of age.,"['D006801', 'D000397', 'D002681', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D054624', 'D008137', 'D052638', 'D012959', 'D004781', 'D000095225']"
38948057,Trop2-targeted therapies in solid tumors: advances and future directions.,"Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop2) is overexpressed in a range of solid tumors and participants in multiple oncogenic signaling pathways, making it an attractive therapeutic target. In the past decade, the rapid development of various Trop2-targeted therapies, notably marked by the advent of the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), revolutionized the outcome for patients facing Trop2-positive tumors with limited treatment opinions, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This review provides a comprehensive summary of advances in Trop2-targeted therapies, including ADCs, antibodies, multispecific agents, immunotherapy, cancer vaccines, and small molecular inhibitors, along with in-depth discussions on their designs, mechanisms of action (MOAs), and limitations. Additionally, we emphasize the clinical research progress of these emerging Trop2-targeted agents, focusing on their clinical application and therapeutic efficacy against tumors. Furthermore, we propose directions for future research, such as enhancing our understanding of Trop2's structure and biology, exploring the best combination strategies, and tailoring precision treatment based on Trop2 testing methodologies.","['D006801', 'D000951', 'D015815', 'D018796', 'D058990', 'D009369', 'D007167', 'D000818', 'D019496']"
38947357,A causal relationship between particulate matter 2.5 and obesity and its related indicators: a Mendelian randomization study of European ancestry.,"In recent years, the prevalence of obesity has continued to increase as a global health concern. Numerous epidemiological studies have confirmed the long-term effects of exposure to ambient air pollutant particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) on obesity, but their relationship remains ambiguous.","['D006801', 'D052638', 'D009765', 'D057182', 'D055106', 'D044465', 'D000393', 'D004781', 'D000397']"
38947337,Vaccines for Streptococcus agalactiae: current status and future perspectives.,"A maternal vaccine to protect newborns against invasive Streptococcus agalactiae infection is a developing medical need. The vaccine should be offered during the third trimester of pregnancy and induce strong immune responses and placental transfer of protective antibodies. Polysaccharide vaccines against S. agalactiae conjugated to protein carriers are in advanced stages of development. Additionally, protein-based vaccines are also in development, showing great promise as they can provide protection regardless of serotype. Furthermore, safety concerns regarding a new vaccine are the main barriers identified. Here, we present vaccines in development and identified safety, cost, and efficacy concerns, especially in high-need, low-income countries.","['D013292', 'D006801', 'D013290', 'D022541', 'D011247', 'D005260', 'D000818', 'D011251', 'D000087506', 'D007231', 'D000907']"
38947322,Molecular mimicry of SARS-COV-2 antigens as a possible natural anti-cancer preventive immunization.,In the present study we investigated whether peptides derived from the entire SARS-CoV-2 proteome share homology to TAAs (tumor-associated antigens) and cross-reactive CD8+ T cell can be elicited by the BNT162b2 preventive vaccine or the SARS-CoV-2 natural infection.,"['D006801', 'D000086402', 'D000086382', 'D018716', 'D018414', 'D003429', 'D018984', 'D000090982', 'D000956', 'D015789', 'D009369', 'D000951', 'D000086663']"
38947104,Natural Bioactive Compounds from Macroalgae and Microalgae for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review.,"Neuroinflammation, toxic protein aggregation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are key pathways in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Targeting these mechanisms with antioxidants, anti-inflammatory compounds, and inhibitors of Aβ formation and aggregation is crucial for treatment. Marine algae are rich sources of bioactive compounds, including carbohydrates, phenolics, fatty acids, phycobiliproteins, carotenoids, fatty acids, and vitamins. In recent years, they have attracted interest from the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries due to their exceptional biological activities, which include anti-inflammation, antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-apoptosis properties. Multiple lines of evidence have unveiled the potential neuroprotective effects of these multifunctional algal compounds for application in treating and managing AD. This article will provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of bioactive compounds derived from algae based on in vitro and in vivo models of neuroinflammation and AD. We will also discuss their potential as disease-modifying and symptomatic treatment strategies for AD.","['D000544', 'D006801', 'D058086', 'D012624', 'D000818', 'D018696', 'D001688', 'D000975']"
38946569,"Bridging Research, Accurate Information and Dialogue (BRAID): A Novel Strategy to Build Community Trust.","Efforts to promote COVID-19 vaccination uncovered the effects of longstanding structural racism and perpetuated the erosion of community trust in science and public health institutions. Rebuilding trust is a priority to overcome barriers to vaccine uptake. Bridging Research, Accurate Information and Dialogue (BRAID) is a model that combines several evidence-based approaches to nurture trusting relationships with community experts, leading to the dissemination of accurate, timely, and acceptable COVID-19 vaccine messages.","['D006801', 'D035502', 'D055812', 'D000086382', 'D000086663', 'D000086402']"
38946565,"Partnering to Address Health Inequities among Incarcerated Populations: Prisons, Jails, and COVID-19 Vaccination.",Incarcerated people have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and face significant challenges to COVID-19 vaccine confidence.,"['D006801', 'D000086663', 'D000086382', 'D011329', 'D011330', 'D055812', 'D000081702', 'D000086402']"
38946555,Human papillomavirus vaccination coverage among young women in the three sub-Saharan African countries using Demographic and Health Surveys data.,"Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer, with 99% of cases linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. It reflects global inequity as its burden is highest in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to determine the HPV vaccination coverage and its determinant factors among young women in the three sub-Saharan African countries. Data from the Demographic and Health Surveys among three sub-Saharan African countries were used for analysis. A total of 4,952 women were included in the study. Stata 14 was used to analyze the data. The determinants of the outcome variable were identified using a multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model. Factors with p-values < 0.05 at 95% confidence interval were declared statistically significant. About 7.5% young women were vaccinated for HPV vaccine against cervical cancer in the current study. Younger age, use of internet, rich economic class, and individual-level media exposure were found to be favorable conditions, whereas being employed was negatively associated with HPV vaccination. Only few segments of young women in these three countries got HPV vaccination. The authors recommend that increasing internet use, media exposure, and economic level of young women will increase the HPV vaccination rates. Furthermore, creating awareness among employed women will also increase the possibility of HPV vaccination.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D053918', 'D055815', 'D030361', 'D000073887', 'D000293', 'D002583', 'D017954', 'D000328', 'D006306', 'D014611', 'D007722', 'D000094302']"
38952095,[Intraperitoneal injection of human-derived anti-c-Met single-chain antibody inhibits the growth of transplanted tumours in A549 lung adenocarcinoma-loaded mice].,"Objective To verify the anti-tumor effect of the mesenchymal-epithelial transition single-chain antibody (Met scFv) on subcutaneously transplanted tumors in nude mice. Methods A tumor model was established in nude mice by subcutaneous injection of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Once the tumors were formed, IRDye680 LT N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester-labeled Met scFv was administered intraperitoneally. Real-time monitoring was conducted using a small animal imager to observe the dynamic distribution of the antibody in tumor-bearing mice. The affinity between c-Met and the antibody in tumor cells was detected. Tumor volume changes were observed and the tumor growth curve were plotted following regular tail vein injections of Met scFv. Immunohistochemical staining was employed to determine whether Met scFv could effectively bind to the c-Met antigen in tumor tissues. Results The distribution of Met scFv in nude mice showed that it was primarily located in the peritoneal cavity within the first 3 hours. After approximately 48 hours, fluorescent signals began to accumulate in the tumor tissue. Immunohistochemical staining of the tumors revealed high expression of c-Met in the tumor tissues; regular tail vein injections of Met scFv significantly slowed down the growth of tumors in mice. Conclusion Met scFv specifically recognizes tumor cells in vivo and exhibites significant anti-tumor activity.","['D000818', 'D006801', 'D019859', 'D008819', 'D057127', 'D008175', 'D000072283', 'D051379', 'D000077192', 'D007274', 'D000230', 'D023041', 'D008807', 'D045744']"
38951876,Insights into the structural and functional activities of forgotten Kinases: PCTAIREs CDKs.,"In cells, signal transduction heavily relies on the intricate regulation of protein kinases, which provide the fundamental framework for modulating most signaling pathways. Dysregulation of kinase activity has been implicated in numerous pathological conditions, particularly in cancer. The druggable nature of most kinases positions them into a focal point during the process of drug development. However, a significant challenge persists, as the role and biological function of nearly one third of human kinases remains largely unknown.Within this diverse landscape, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) emerge as an intriguing molecular subgroup. In human, this kinase family encompasses 21 members, involved in several key biological processes. Remarkably, 13 of these CDKs belong to the category of understudied kinases, and only 5 having undergone broad investigation to date. This knowledge gap underscores the pressing need to delve into the study of these kinases, starting with a comprehensive review of the less-explored ones.Here, we will focus on the PCTAIRE subfamily of CDKs, which includes CDK16, CDK17, and CDK18, arguably among the most understudied CDKs members. To contextualize PCTAIREs within the spectrum of human pathophysiology, we conducted an exhaustive review of the existing literature and examined available databases. This approach resulted in an articulate depiction of these PCTAIREs, encompassing their expression patterns, 3D configurations, mechanisms of activation, and potential functions in normal tissues and in cancer.We propose that this effort offers the possibility of identifying promising areas of future research that extend from basic research to potential clinical and therapeutic applications.","['D006801', 'D018844', 'D000818', 'D009369', 'D015398', 'D013329', 'D011487']"
38951841,Application of metal-organic frameworks in infectious wound healing.,"Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are metal-organic skeleton compounds composed of self-assembled metal ions or clusters and organic ligands. MOF materials often have porous structures, high specific surface areas, uniform and adjustable pores, high surface activity and easy modification and have a wide range of prospects for application. MOFs have been widely used. In recent years, with the continuous expansion of MOF materials, they have also achieved remarkable results in the field of antimicrobial agents. In this review, the structural composition and synthetic modification of MOF materials are introduced in detail, and the antimicrobial mechanisms and applications of these materials in the healing of infected wounds are described. Moreover, the opportunities and challenges encountered in the development of MOF materials are presented, and we expect that additional MOF materials with high biosafety and efficient antimicrobial capacity will be developed in the future.","['D000073396', 'D014945', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D000890', 'D000900', 'D016062', 'D014946']"
38951579,Molecular organization of fibroin heavy chain and mechanism of fibre formation in Bombyx mori.,"Fibroins' transition from liquid to solid is fundamental to spinning and underpins the impressive native properties of silk. Herein, we establish a fibroin heavy chain fold for the Silk-I polymorph, which could be relevant for other similar proteins, and explains mechanistically the liquid-to-solid transition of this silk, driven by pH reduction and flow stress. Combining spectroscopy and modelling we propose that the liquid Silk-I fibroin heavy chain (FibH) from the silkworm, Bombyx mori, adopts a newly reported β-solenoid structure. Similarly, using rheology we propose that FibH N-terminal domain (NTD) templates reversible higher-order oligomerization driven by pH reduction. Our integrated approach bridges the gap in understanding FibH structure and provides insight into the spatial and temporal hierarchical self-assembly across length scales. Our findings elucidate the complex rheological behaviour of Silk-I, solutions and gels, and the observed liquid crystalline textures within the silk gland. We also find that the NTD undergoes hydrolysis during standard regeneration, explaining key differences between native and regenerated silk feedstocks. In general, in this study we emphasize the unique characteristics of native and native-like silks, offering a fresh perspective on our fundamental understanding of silk-fibre production and applications.","['D012831', 'D000818', 'D005349', 'D012212', 'D047011', 'D006863']"
38951345,Nonviral Platform for Expression of Recombinant Protein in Insect Cells.,"Nonviral transfection has been used to express various recombinant proteins, therapeutics, and virus-like particles (VLP) in mammalian and insect cells. Virus-free methods for protein expression require fewer steps for obtaining protein expression by eliminating virus amplification and measuring the infectivity of the virus. The nonviral method uses a nonlytic plasmid to transfect the gene of interest into the insect cells instead of using baculovirus, a lytic system. In this chapter, we describe one of the transfection methods, which uses polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a DNA delivery material into the insect cells to express the recombinant protein in both adherent and suspension cells.","['D000818', 'D011994', 'D014162', 'D011094', 'D010957', 'D007313', 'D061987', 'D002460', 'D015870', 'D018411']"
38951273,"Seasonal variation, spatial distribution and risk assessment of microplastics in surface waters of Periyar River, Kerala, India.","Microplastics, an emerging contaminant, are widespread in oceans around the world, and rivers are the key conveyors of these pollutants into the oceans. There exists a dearth of available data pertaining to seasonal fluctuation, spatial distribution and risk assessment of microplastics in rivers extending from upper reaches to the lower reaches. The collection of such data is of utmost importance for the purpose of formulating beneficial management strategies for riverine microplastics. In order to bridge this research gap, an investigation was made in the Periyar River in Kerala, India, which is exposed to anthropogenic stress and is at risk of microplastic pollution. A total of eighteen sites (six sites each from downstream, midstream and upstream) along the 244 km of the river were investigated across three seasons in a year. The study revealed a discernible pattern in the spatial distribution of microplastic concentrations, wherein there was a rise in abundance from the upstream to midstream and then a sudden increase of abundance along the downstream regions towards the lower reaches. The highest mean microplastic abundance of 124.95 items/L was obtained during the monsoon season followed by post-monsoon season i.e. 123.21 items/L and pre-monsoon i.e. 120.50 items/L. The predominant forms of microplastics were found to be fibres, fragments and filaments. Most prevalent polymer types acquired were polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). Pollution hazard index (PHI) and pollution load index (PLI) were also evaluated to assess the water quality of this river. The findings of this study conclude that the Periyar River is polluted with microplastics throughout its course and offer significant insights into the detection of microplastic origins in river systems and lend support to the implementation of potential measures aimed at mitigating their impact.","['D007194', 'D014874', 'D045483', 'D004784', 'D000080545', 'D018570', 'D012621', 'D014877']"
38951137,ToF-SIMS evaluation of PEG-related mass peaks and applications in PEG detection in cosmetic products.,"Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are used in industrial, medical, health care, and personal care applications. The cycling and disposal of synthetic polymers like PEGs pose significant environmental concerns. Detecting and monitoring PEGs in the real world calls for immediate attention. This study unveils the efficacy of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) as a reliable approach for precise analysis and identification of reference PEGs and PEGs used in cosmetic products. By comparing SIMS spectra, we show remarkable sensitivity in pinpointing distinctive ion peaks inherent to various PEG compounds. Moreover, the employment of principal component analysis effectively discriminates compositions among different samples. Notably, the application of SIMS two-dimensional image analysis visually portrays the spatial distribution of various PEGs as reference materials. The same is observed in authentic cosmetic products. The application of ToF-SIMS underscores its potential in distinguishing PEGs within intricate environmental context. ToF-SIMS provides an effective solution to studying emerging environmental challenges, offering straightforward sample preparation and superior detection of synthetic organics in mass spectral analysis. These features show that SIMS can serve as a promising alternative for evaluation and assessment of PEGs in terms of the source, emission, and transport of anthropogenic organics.","['D003358', 'D018629', 'D011092', 'D025341']"
38949743,A First Record on Microplastic Ingestion by Tropical Estuarine Copepods of Bangladesh.,"Microplastics (MPs) pollution is a profound problem around the world yet it's study on the effect on zooplankton including copepods are very limited. The study was conducted between January 2021 and January 2022 in the Lower Meghna Estuary to investigate MPs ingestion in two different family of copepod: Calanoid and Cyclopoid. A method of acid digestion along with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to identify MPs ingested by copepods from the conducted area. However, three types of MPs namely fiber, fragment and foam were extracted from this copepod biomass. Fibers represent highest (> 50%) of the ingested MPs from both group of copepod that exceed fragments and foams in all sampling stations. The overall ingestion rate of Calanoid was found higher (0.084 ± 0.002 particles/individual) compared to the Cyclopoid group (0.077 ± 0.001 particles/individual). The results of the study have effectively illustrated that copepod, obtained from multiple sampling sites within the Lower Meghna Estuary, display a propensity to ingest MPs and subsequently endangering the food security of seafood industry.","['D033342', 'D000818', 'D000080545', 'D014874', 'D004784', 'D063366', 'D001459', 'D004435']"
38949508,Rhodopsin-based light-harvesting system for sustainable synthetic biology.,"Rhodopsins, a diverse class of light-sensitive proteins found in various life domains, have attracted considerable interest for their potential applications in sustainable synthetic biology. These proteins exhibit remarkable photochemical properties, undergoing conformational changes upon light absorption that drive a variety of biological processes. Exploiting rhodopsin's natural properties could pave the way for creating sustainable and energy-efficient technologies. Rhodopsin-based light-harvesting systems offer innovative solutions to a few key challenges in sustainable engineering, from bioproduction to renewable energy conversion. In this opinion article, we explore the recent advancements and future possibilities of employing rhodopsins for sustainable engineering, underscoring the transformative potential of these biomolecules.","['D008027', 'D045342', 'D012243', 'D058615']"
38949297,Synthesis and Characterization of Self-Assembled Metal-Organic Framework Monolayers using Polymer-coated Particles.,"Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are materials with potential applications in fields such as gas adsorption and separation, catalysis, and biomedicine. Attempts to enhance the utility of MOFs have involved the preparation of various composites, including polymer-grafted MOFs. By directly grafting polymers to the external surface of MOFs, issues of incompatibility between polymers and MOFs can be overcome. Polymer brushes grafted from the surface of MOFs can serve to stabilize the MOF while enabling particle assembly into self-assembled metal-organic framework monolayers (SAMMs) via polymer-polymer interactions. Control over the chemical composition and molecular weight of the grafted polymer can allow for tuning of the SAMM characteristics. In this work, instructions are provided on how to immobilize a chain transfer agent (CTA) onto the surface of the MOF UiO-66 (UiO = Universitetet i Oslo). The CTA serves as initiation sites for the growth of polymers. Once polymer chains are grown from the MOF surface, the formation of SAMMs is achieved through self-assembly at an air-water interface. The resulting SAMMs are characterized and shown to be freestanding by scanning electron microscopy imaging. The methods presented in this paper are expected to make the preparation of SAMMs more accessible to the research community and thereby expand their potential use as a MOF-polymer composite.","['D011108', 'D009942', 'D000073396', 'D010795']"
38948935,One-step enrichment and stepwise elution of glycoproteins and phosphoproteins by hydrophilic Ti4+-immobilized dendrimer poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microparticles functionalized with polyethylenimine and phytic acid.,"Glycosylation and phosphorylation rank as paramount post-translational modifications, and their analysis heavily relies on enrichment techniques. In this work, a facile approach was developed for the one-step simultaneous enrichment and stepwise elution of glycoproteins and phosphoproteins. The core of this approach was the application of the novel titanium (IV) ion immobilized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microparticles functionalized with dendrimer polyethylenimine and phytic acid. The microparticles possessed dual enrichment capabilities due to their abundant titanium ions and hydroxyl groups on the surface. They demonstrate rapid adsorption equilibrium (within 30 min) and exceptional adsorption capacity for β-casein (1107.7 mg/g) and horseradish peroxidase (438.6 mg/g), surpassing that of bovine serum albumin (91.7 mg/g). Furthermore, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was conducted to validate the enrichment capability. Experimental results across various biological samples, including standard protein mixtures, non-fat milk, and human serum, demonstrated the remarkable ability of these microparticles to enrich low-abundance glycoproteins and phosphoproteins from biological samples.","['D006023', 'D010750', 'D011094', 'D050091', 'D006801', 'D014025', 'D011109', 'D057927', 'D013499', 'D000818', 'D010316', 'D000327', 'D002417']"
38948221,Exploring the plasmodesmata callose-binding protein gene family in upland cotton: unraveling insights for enhancing fiber length.,"Plasmodesmata are transmembrane channels embedded within the cell wall that can facilitate the intercellular communication in plants. Plasmodesmata callose-binding (PDCB) protein that associates with the plasmodesmata contributes to cell wall extension. Given that the elongation of cotton fiber cells correlates with the dynamics of the cell wall, this protein can be related to the cotton fiber elongation. This study sought to identify PDCB family members within the Gossypium. hirsutum genome and to elucidate their expression profiles. A total of 45 distinct family members were observed through the identification and screening processes. The analysis of their physicochemical properties revealed the similarity in the amino acid composition and molecular weight across most members. The phylogenetic analysis facilitated the construction of an evolutionary tree, categorizing these members into five groups mainly distributed on 20 chromosomes. The fine mapping results facilitated a tissue-specific examination of group V, revealing that the expression level of GhPDCB9 peaked five days after flowering. The VIGS experiments resulted in a marked decrease in the gene expression level and a significant reduction in the mature fiber length, averaging a shortening of 1.43-4.77 mm. The results indicated that GhPDCB9 played a pivotal role in the cotton fiber development and served as a candidate for enhancing cotton yield.","['D003368', 'D031425', 'D032561', 'D010940', 'D010802', 'D018506', 'D005936', 'D005810', 'D002473', 'D002352']"
38946887,Breakthrough of Hypoxia Limitation by Tumor-Targeting Photothermal Therapy-Enhanced Radiation Therapy.,To address the problem of suboptimal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in Radiation therapy (RT) which was resulted from exacerbated tumor hypoxia and the heterogeneous distribution of radiation sensitizers.,"['D000818', 'D000082703', 'D017382', 'D053758', 'D045744', 'D006801', 'D000077182', 'D051379', 'D007211', 'D000072258', 'D011838', 'D008807', 'D008928', 'D009369', 'D050997']"
38946682,GSK3: A potential target and pending issues for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.,"Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), consisting of GSK3α and GSK3β subtypes, is a complex protein kinase that regulates numerous substrates. Research has observed increased GSK3 expression in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and models. AD is a neurodegenerative disorder with diverse pathogenesis and notable cognitive impairments, characterized by Aβ aggregation and excessive tau phosphorylation. This article provides an overview of GSK3's structure and regulation, extensively analyzing its relationship with AD factors. GSK3 overactivation disrupts neural growth, development, and function. It directly promotes tau phosphorylation, regulates amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage, leading to Aβ formation, and directly or indirectly triggers neuroinflammation and oxidative damage. We also summarize preclinical research highlighting the inhibition of GSK3 activity as a primary therapeutic approach for AD. Finally, pending issues like the lack of highly specific and affinity-driven GSK3 inhibitors, are raised and expected to be addressed in future research. In conclusion, GSK3 represents a target in AD treatment, filled with hope, challenges, opportunities, and obstacles.","['D006801', 'D000544', 'D000818', 'D038362', 'D016875', 'D016564']"
38946508,Comparative evaluation of bond strength and color stability of polyetheretherketone and zirconia layered with indirect composite before and after thermocycling: An in vitro study.,"This study investigates the interaction of zirconia and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with indirect composite in fixed dental prostheses. This investigation aimed to assess the shear bond strength (SBS) and color stability of zirconia and PEEK before and after aging, addressing critical concerns in dental restorative applications.","['D001577', 'D015040', 'D007659', 'D011092', 'D011108', 'D003188', 'D066298', 'D001840', 'D003116', 'D008422', 'D033081', 'D003764', 'D003799', 'D006801']"
38945996,In situ analysis of neuronal injury and neuroinflammation during HIV-1 infection.,"Since the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) the brain has become an important human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoir due to the relatively low penetration of many drugs utilized in cART into the central nervous system (CNS). Given the inherent limitations of directly assessing acute HIV infection in the brains of people living with HIV (PLWH), animal models, such as humanized mouse models, offer the most effective means of studying the effects of different viral strains and their impact on HIV infection in the CNS. To evaluate CNS pathology during HIV-1 infection in the humanized bone marrow/liver/thymus (BLT) mouse model, a histological analysis was conducted on five CNS regions, including the frontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, cerebellum, and spinal cord, to delineate the neuronal (MAP2ab, NeuN) and neuroinflammatory (GFAP, Iba-1) changes induced by two viral strains after 2 weeks and 8 weeks post-infection.","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D015497', 'D015658', 'D006801', 'D009474', 'D000090862', 'D004195', 'D001921', 'D005904', 'D002135', 'D008840']"
38945610,Stability of R-phycoerythrin from Furcellaria lumbricalis - Dependence on purification strategies and purity.,"R-phycoerythrin (R-PE) is the most abundant, naturally occurring phycobiliproteins found in red algae. The spectroscopic and structural properties of phycobiliproteins exhibit unique absorption characteristics with two significant absorption maxima at 498 and 565 nm, indicating two different chromophores of R-PE, phycourobilin and phycoerythrobilin respectively. This study aimed to clarify how the stability of R-PE purified from F. lumbricalis was affected by different purification strategies. Crude extracts were compared to R-PE purified by i) microfiltration, ii) ultrafiltration, and iii) multi-step ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by dialysis. The stability of the different R-PE preparations was evaluated with respect to pH (2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 12) and temperature (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 °C). The absorbance spectra indicated higher stability of phycourobilin as compared to phycoerythrobilin for heat and pH stability in the samples. All preparations of R-PE showed heat stability till 40 °C from the findings of color, concentration of R-PE and fluorescence emission. The crude extract showed stability from pH 6 to 8, whereas R-PE purified by ultrafiltration and multi-step ammonium sulphate precipitation were both stable from pH 4 to 8 and R-PE purified by microfiltration exhibited stability from pH 4 to 10 from the results of color, SDS-PAGE, and concentration of R-PE. At pH 2, the color changed to violet whereas a yellow color was observed at pH 12 in the samples along with the precipitation of the protein.","['D010799', 'D006863', 'D000461', 'D014462', 'D055550', 'D011232', 'D000645', 'D006358', 'D013696']"
38945608,Characterization and in vitro calcium release of the novel calcium-loaded complexes using Antarctic krill protein and pectin: Effect of different blending sequences.,"Food-grade biopolymer-based complexes are of particular interest in the field of biologic ingredient delivery owing to unique controlled-release properties. Herein, three calcium-loaded complexes using Antarctic krill protein (P) and pectin (HMP) with different blending sequences were designed, named P + Ca + HMP, P + HMP + Ca and HMP + Ca + P, respectively. The calcium-loaded capacity, structural properties, and in vitro gastrointestinal calcium release of the complexes were investigated. The results demonstrated that the calcium binding rate and content of the P + Ca + HMP complex were the highest, reaching to 90.3 % and 39.0 mg/g, respectively. Particularly, the P + Ca + HMP complex exhibited a more stable fruit tree-like structure. Furthermore, the structural analysis confirmed that the primary interaction forces involved hydrogen bond, electrostatic, hydrophobic and ionic bond interaction. Ultimately, the P + Ca + HMP complex demonstrated superior calcium delivery. In conclusion, a novel calcium delivery system was successfully developed based on optimized the self-assembly sequence, which held significant importance in promoting the high-value utilization of Antarctic krill protein and enhancing the in vitro bioaccessibility of calcium.","['D010368', 'D033201', 'D000818', 'D002118', 'D011506']"
38951865,The impact of UK social distancing guidance on the ability to access support and the health and wellbeing of disabled people during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative exploration.,"The sudden introduction of social distancing measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significant lifestyle changes for the UK population. People living with physical disabilities were deemed to be at greater risk of complications following COVID-19 infection and were subjected to stricter social distancing guidelines. But gaps remain in our understanding of how the COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions affected the ability to access support, health and wellbeing of people with physical disabilities. Such understanding is vital to ensure equitable future pandemic preparedness for people living with physical disabilities.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D006233', 'D006113', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D036301', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D000085762', 'D000368', 'D006297', 'D058873', 'D055815', 'D007407']"
38949901,HIV Diagnosis in the Context of Stable Relationships: A Qualitative Study With Women Living in Portugal.,"The purpose of this phenomenological study is to explore the acceptance of HIV diagnosis of women in stable relationships. Based on eight semistructured interviews with cisgender Portuguese women, thematic analysis identified four interrelated themes that illustrated the emotional and psychosocial dynamics involved in this journey. Following an HIV diagnosis, participants grappled with complex emotions, societal perceptions, and the internalization of stigma. Marital relationships underwent profound changes, with trust breakdown and emotional distancing. Coping mechanisms ranged from seeking support to living in secrecy, which impacted psychological well-being. Acceptance of HIV diagnosis is influenced by self-stigmatization, societal perceptions of HIV, and gender dynamics. The findings contribute to the development of tailored interventions, emphasizing the interconnected nature of physical and psychological well-being in the diagnosis acceptance process.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D036301', 'D015658', 'D011174', 'D057545', 'D000328', 'D000223', 'D008875', 'D007407', 'D012944', 'D008393', 'D004644', 'D007398']"
38949176,"Nurses' experiences of hospital-acquired pressure injury prevention in acute healthcare services in Victoria, Australia: A qualitative study using the Theoretical Domains Framework.","We investigated nurses' experiences of hospital-acquired pressure injury (PI) prevention in acute care services to better understand how PI prevention may be optimised. We used the Theoretical Domains Framework to systematically identify barriers and enablers to evidence-based preventive practices as required by the International Guideline. This study was one element of a complex capacity building project on PI surveillance and prevention within the acute health service partners of Monash Partners Academic Health Science Centre, an accredited academic health partnership located in Melbourne, Australia. We adopted a qualitative descriptive design. We interviewed 32 nurses that provided care in intensive care units, general wards and COVID wards of four acute care services. Nurses were recruited from four large acute care services (three public, one private) located in Melbourne. Most of them worked with patients who were at high risk of hospital-acquired PI on a daily basis. Interview transcripts were coded and analysed using thematic analysis guided by the Theoretical Domains Framework. The domains referred to most frequently by all participants included: Knowledge, Skills, Social/Professional Role and Identity, Beliefs about Capabilities, and Environmental Context and Resources. The key barriers discussed by nurses included gaps in nurses' knowledge and skills related to identification and staging of PI, heavy nursing workload and inadequate staffing levels, stigma and self-blame related to PI identification, and exacerbating impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Main facilitators discussed were training programmes, nursing audits and feedback, and teamwork. Participants suggested improvements including accessible and tailored training, visual reminders, and addressing heavy workloads and emotional barriers nurses face. Investing in tailored training initiatives to improve nurses' knowledge and organisational changes to address low level staffing and heavy workloads are urgently needed to support nurses in delivering optimal care and preventing hospital-acquired PI.","['D006801', 'D003668', 'D036301', 'D014739', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D000086382', 'D009741', 'D008875', 'D001291', 'D007049']"
38948202,Structured peer review: pilot results from 23 Elsevier journals.,"Reviewers rarely comment on the same aspects of a manuscript, making it difficult to properly assess manuscripts' quality and the quality of the peer review process. The goal of this pilot study was to evaluate structured peer review implementation by: 1) exploring whether and how reviewers answered structured peer review questions, 2) analysing reviewer agreement, 3) comparing that agreement to agreement before implementation of structured peer review, and 4) further enhancing the piloted set of structured peer review questions.","['D010865', 'D017712', 'D010506', 'D006801', 'D035081', 'D010380']"
38946571,Community Leadership Institute for Equity: Planning Processes and Procedures to Develop Partnered Conferences.,"Community-partnered participatory research (CPPR) is a research approach that supports equitable collaboration of community and academic co-leaders in research and policy. Despite CPPR's 25-year history, infrastructure supporting community members in bidirectional learning has not been formalized.","['D006801', 'D055812', 'D007857', 'D003226', 'D000086382', 'D000069576', 'D003159', 'D000086402', 'D002641', 'D015141', 'D003299']"
38946566,Aquí Entre Nos (Just Between Us): Engagement of Hotel Housekeepers During Sociopolitical and Environmental Change.,"Aquí Entre Nos (Between Us) is a community-based participatory research project to engage rural, ethno-racially diverse hotel housekeepers in a right to work state during a time of national anti-immigrant policy, wildfires and emergence of a global pandemic.","['D006801', 'D055812', 'D016272', 'D012424', 'D012944']"
38946563,A Qualitative Program Evaluation of a Digital Peer Support Group for Formerly Incarcerated People.,"A qualitative program evaluation of the Formerly Incarcerated Peer Support (FIPS) group, a peer-led mutual support group for formerly incarcerated people, was conducted to understand participant perceptions of (1) digital delivery via Zoom, (2) curriculum content, (3) roles of group participants, and (4) therapeutic value of FIPS group as it relates to traumatic experiences in prison and ongoing challenges after release.","['D006801', 'D010379', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D011329', 'D036301', 'D012657', 'D015397', 'D055812', 'D000328', 'D012944', 'D007407', 'D000368', 'D005260']"
38946052,Assessing numeracy and medication calculations within undergraduate nursing education: A qualitative study.,To explore how undergraduate nursing students are assessed on nursing numeracy and medication calculations from the perspective of Australian nurse education leaders.,"['D006801', 'D036301', 'D004508', 'D001315', 'D013338', 'D054796', 'D004521', 'D002983', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D007407', 'D008508']"
38944816,'The tablets make a certain noise': uncovering barriers and enablers related to providing PMTCT services to adolescents and young women living with HIV in Zimbabwe.,"Zimbabwe antenatal HIV prevalence rate is 16.1%. HIV-positive pregnant adolescent girls and young women (AYW) are at high risk to experience perinatal mental health challenges, attributed to a combination of factors including HIV status, stigma and perinatal depression. Perinatal depression and stigma among AYW is understudied in Zimbabwe and may affect short- and long-term health of HIV positive mothers and their children, and can impact treatment adherence.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D015030', 'D000293', 'D015658', 'D057545', 'D055815', 'D017144', 'D011247', 'D018445', 'D000328', 'D036301', 'D011251', 'D010342']"
38943119,Evaluation of interactive web-based tools to stimulate reflection and communication about advance care planning with people with dementia and their family caregivers.,"People with dementia and their family caregivers often encounter challenges in engaging in advance care planning (ACP), such as a lack of information and difficulties in engaging in ACP conversations. Using a user-centred design, we developed two interactive web-based tools as part of an ACP support website to stimulate ACP reflection and communication: (1) the 'Thinking Now About Later' tool, with open-ended questions about 'what matters most', and (2) a digital version of the 'Life Wishes Cards', a card tool with pre-formulated statements that prompt reflection about wishes for future care. This study aimed to evaluate the use of and experiences with two web-based tools by people with dementia and their family caregivers.","['D006801', 'D032722', 'D003704', 'D017028', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D020407', 'D000369', 'D003142', 'D036301', 'D000328']"
38943044,Patients presenting with musculoskeletal disorders in the emergency department: A qualitative study of their experiences when cared by advanced practice physiotherapists in the province of Québec.,Advanced practice physiotherapy (APP) models of care are promising to alleviate pressure in emergency departments (EDs) where physiotherapists' new roles include being a first-contact practitioner and leading the overall care and management of patients with minor musculoskeletal disorders (MSKDs) to alleviate ED physicians' caseload.,"['D006801', 'D004636', 'D009140', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D059825', 'D011792', 'D017060', 'D036301', 'D000368']"
38941259,Private practice model of physiotherapy: professional challenges identified through an exploratory qualitative study.,"Introduction Community-based primary care physiotherapy has developed through private practice, fee-for-service model in Aotearoa New Zealand where independent businesses operate in competition. Aim We aimed to explore how the private practice model of physiotherapy impacts patient care, physiotherapists, and professional behaviour. Methods Six physiotherapists managing musculoskeletal conditions in a primary care private practice in Aotearoa New Zealand were recruited using maximum variation purposive sampling. In-depth individual face-to-face semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using Interpretive Description. Inductive data analysis synthesised and contextualised data, creating a thematic framework that developed across interviews. Results All physiotherapy participants discussed concerns about culture and professionalism in private practice physiotherapy despite not being asked about these. Three themes were identified. 'Competitive business model and lack of collaboration' - participants thought that competition between practices resulted in a lack of trust, collegiality, and collaboration, and pressure on clinicians to maintain income. '(Un)professional behaviour' - participants thought that physiotherapists were defensive and averse to scrutiny, resulting in reluctance to admit when they needed help, or to undertake peer review or seek second opinions. 'Lack of support and mentoring' - the professional culture in private practice was perceived to reduce support and mentoring, with negative impacts that affected physiotherapists at all stages of career. Conclusion This exploratory qualitative study suggests that competition dominates communication and collaboration in private practice physiotherapy and may have wider implications for professionalism and the quality of patient care. Competitive business models and an aversion to scrutiny may reduce collegial interaction and professional behaviour.","['D006801', 'D009520', 'D036301', 'D011331', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D059825', 'D000328', 'D007407', 'D000068616', 'D001291', 'D011320', 'D008875', 'D035502', 'D003299', 'D015279', 'D026741', 'D003163']"
38941257,Advanced practice physiotherapists in primary health care: stakeholders' views of a new scope of practice.,"Introduction Advanced and extended primary health care practice roles have been developed in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) for dietetics, nursing, pharmacy, and physiotherapy professions. Advanced musculoskeletal physiotherapy roles in primary health care could address escalating health care costs, challenges to workforce sustainability and inefficient primary/secondary care interfaces. Little is known about how stakeholders perceive the recently introduced Advanced Practice Physiotherapist (APP) scope of practice. Aim This study aimed to explore health professionals' perceptions of the APP scope of practice in NZ and how APPs could influence physiotherapy service delivery for people with musculoskeletal conditions in primary health care. Methods Qualitative, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 participants including physiotherapists, general practitioners, medical specialists and Accident Compensation Corporation case managers. Inductive interpretive analysis was undertaken. Results Five themes were identified: perceptions of current musculoskeletal management in primary health care; lack of a career pathway; ways in which APPs might facilitate change and what their role would be; characteristics of an APP; and the implementation of the APP role into practice. Discussion Stakeholders were supportive of the APP scope of practice and thought it has the potential to improve patient pathways, health care delivery and health outcomes for those with musculoskeletal conditions. Stakeholders also thought it would fill an important gap in the physiotherapy clinical career pathway. Successful implementation will require assessment of applicants' personal attributes as well as clinical experience and academic qualifications to ensure all stakeholders have confidence to engage with the service, clear communication, active promotion and specific funding.","['D006801', 'D011320', 'D009520', 'D059825', 'D036301', 'D001291', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000079103', 'D007407', 'D009140', 'D000328', 'D024382', 'D008875', 'D000073597']"
38940476,Improving support and planning ahead for older people with learning disabilities and family carers: a mixed-methods study.,"People with learning disabilities are living longer. Despite government policy to encourage people to lead supported lives in their community, family carers often maintain support due to dissatisfaction with services. This can lead to people moving from the family home in a crisis.","['D006801', 'D017028', 'D000368', 'D007859', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D012944', 'D036301', 'D000369', 'D000884', 'D006301']"
38939569,"Experiences of support by unsuppressed adolescents living with HIV and their caregivers in Windhoek, Namibia: a qualitative study.",Adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) lag behind younger children and adults in the achievement of HIV care and treatment targets for HIV epidemic control. Treatment outcomes for adolescents may be influenced by their experiences with the support provided in HIV programs. We report on the experiences of virally unsuppressed adolescents and their caregivers with the current support in primary healthcare settings in Namibia.,"['D006801', 'D000293', 'D009276', 'D036301', 'D017028', 'D008297', 'D015658', 'D005260', 'D012944', 'D000328', 'D007407', 'D055815']"
38939557,A realist evaluation of community champion and participatory action approaches during the COVID-19 pandemic.,"During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health teams tried several approaches to circulate accurate health information and engage with community members to understand what they need from public health services. Two such approaches were community champions and community participatory action research (CPAR). This study evaluates two champion programmes and a CPAR programme in terms of what worked, for whom, and in what contexts, including the funding and resourcing associated with implementation.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D004739', 'D055812', 'D058873', 'D000086402', 'D015397', 'D011634', 'D017144']"
38938110,Benefits and harms of antenatal and newborn screening programmes in health economic assessments: the VALENTIA systematic review and qualitative investigation.,"Health economic assessments are used to determine whether the resources needed to generate net benefit from an antenatal or newborn screening programme, driven by multiple benefits and harms, are justifiable. It is not known what benefits and harms have been adopted by economic evaluations assessing these programmes and whether they omit benefits and harms considered important to relevant stakeholders.","['D006801', 'D007231', 'D015997', 'D003362', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D036301', 'D013673', 'D011296', 'D019057']"
38938089,Impact on mental health and well-being of the dialogic literary gathering among women in a primary healthcare centre.,"There is strong scientific evidence on the academic, cognitive, social, and emotional benefits of Dialogic Literary Gatherings (DLG) for diverse people in a wide range of settings. However, the transference of DLG to a primary healthcare centre has not yet been studied. To address this gap a case study was conducted on the impact of a DLG in a primary healthcare centre on participants' mental health and wellbeing from the perception of participants and professionals involved in it. To that end, four daily life stories and a focus group with women participating in the DLG, most of them over 75 years old with no higher education, were conducted, as well as two in-depth interviews, one with the DLG facilitator and one with the director of the health centre. Results show that participants perceived their mental health and wellbeing improved thanks to the functioning and type of dialogue in the DLG, promoting friendships, support and solidarity. Participants also reported that, by being aware of their capabilities in the DLG, they became agents of transformation within their families and environments, turning relationships between healthcare professionals and patients more egalitarian. These findings hold implications for public health and healthcare centres.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008603', 'D011320', 'D000368', 'D017144', 'D036301', 'D003142', 'D008875', 'D012944']"
38937953,Reflections on the opportunities and challenges of applying experience-based co-design (EBCD) to phase 1 clinical trials in oncology.,"Experience-Based Co-Design (EBCD) is a multi-stage participatory action research process which was developed originally to increase patient involvement in service improvement initiatives. This viewpoint article serves as a reflection on the researchers' experiences, focusing on the application and feasibility of participatory approaches, particularly co-design, in the specific context of early-phase clinical trials.","['D006801', 'D008495', 'D012107', 'D017321', 'D018802', 'D010358', 'D006302', 'D009369']"
38937798,"Strengths, challenges, and strategies for implementing pragmatic multicenter randomized controlled trials (RCTs): example of the Personalized Citizen Assistance for Social Participation (APIC) trial.","Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are rigorous scientific research designs for evaluating intervention effectiveness. However, implementing RCTs in a real-world context is challenging. To develop strategies to improve its application, it is essential to understand the strengths and challenges of this design. This study thus aimed to explore the strengths, challenges, and strategies for improving the implementation of a pragmatic multicenter, prospective, two-arm RCT evaluating the effects of the Personalized Citizen Assistance for Social Participation (Accompagnement-citoyen Personnalisé d'Intégration Communautaire: APIC; weekly 3-h personalized stimulation sessions given by a trained volunteer over a 12-month period) on older adults' health, social participation, and life satisfaction.","['D006801', 'D058992', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D011446', 'D000328', 'D014838', 'D012107', 'D000086382', 'D016032', 'D064792', 'D000368', 'D010549', 'D015337']"
38937779,Patient perceptions of and experiences with stigma using telehealth for opioid use disorder treatment: a qualitative analysis.,"Patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) experience various forms of stigma at the individual, public, and structural levels that can affect how they access and engage with healthcare, particularly with medications for OUD treatment. Telehealth is a relatively new form of care delivery for OUD treatment. As reducing stigma surrounding OUD treatment is critical to address ongoing gaps in care, the aim of this study was to explore how telehealth impacts patient experiences of stigma.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D017216', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D057545', 'D009293', 'D055815', 'D036301', 'D009922', 'D002047', 'D058850']"
38937753,Harnessing peer mentorship as a tool to turn human resource for health brain drain into brain gain: a case study of a Nigerian peer-mentored research group.,"Peer mentorship can be a potential tool to reduce the disparities in health research capacity between high- and low- and middle-income countries. This case study describes the potential of peer mentorship to tackle two critical issues: bridging health research capacity of doctors from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and the transformation of human resource for health brain drain into ""brain gain"".","['D006801', 'D008611', 'D010379', 'D009549', 'D003906', 'D057191', 'D035843', 'D000071252', 'D003299', 'D000096283']"
38937730,Compassionate Othering: the construction of refugee patients in medical students' narratives - a qualitative study using story completion.,"Refugees remain a marginalized population and are exposed to a variety of discriminatory processes, among them Othering which categorizes people as belonging or not-belonging according to certain ascribed characteristics. We explored how the narrative construction of refugee patients by medical students constitutes a form of Othering.","['D006801', 'D012036', 'D013337', 'D036301', 'D033262', 'D004645', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D010817', 'D006297']"
38937110,Understanding the treatment experiences of adults diagnosed with early-onset colorectal cancer: A qualitative study.,"Early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in adults aged under 50 is increasing. There is a critical lack of knowledge regarding the challenges faced by early-onset CRC patients and their experiences of treatment. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of individuals receiving treatment for early-onset CRC, and the resulting impact on their lives.","['D006801', 'D015179', 'D036301', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D017668', 'D012944', 'D011788', 'D006113', 'D007407']"
38936960,Documenting Community Health Worker Compensation Schemes and Their Perceived Effectiveness in Seven sub-Saharan African Countries: A Qualitative Study.,"Community health worker (CHW) incentives and remuneration are core issues affecting the performance of CHWs and health programs. There is limited documentation on the implementation details of CHW financial compensation schemes used in sub-Saharan African countries, including their mechanisms of delivery and effectiveness. We aimed to document CHW financial compensation schemes and understand CHW, government, and other stakeholder perceptions of their effectiveness.","['D006801', 'D003150', 'D017954', 'D036301', 'D014942', 'D012456', 'D004282', 'D009042']"
38935754,Triggers and factors associated with moral distress and moral injury in health and social care workers: A systematic review of qualitative studies.,"At some point in their career, many healthcare workers will experience psychological distress associated with being unable to take morally or ethically correct action, as it aligns with their own values; a phenomenon known as moral distress. Similarly, there are increasing reports of healthcare workers experiencing long-term mental and psychological pain, alongside internal dissonance, known as moral injury. This review examined the triggers and factors associated with moral distress and injury in Health and Social Care Workers (HSCW) employed across a range of clinical settings with the aim of understanding how to mitigate the effects of moral distress and identify potential preventative interventions.","['D006801', 'D006282', 'D009014', 'D000068217', 'D036301', 'D000086382', 'D000079225', 'D013315']"
38935612,"Using fatherhood to engage men in HIV services via maternal, neonatal and child health entry points in South Africa.","In South Africa, uptake of HIV services remains lower amongst men compared to women, resulting in poorer clinical outcomes. Several factors contribute to this situation, including stigma, confidentiality concerns, inconvenient clinic operating hours, fear of an HIV-positive test result, and long-waiting times. Additionally, women living with HIV are frequently identified whilst accessing other routine services, particularly antenatal and well-baby care. Novel approaches and strategies are needed to increase men's routine utilization of health services. For many men, fatherhood is an important part of being a man. Maternal, neonatal and child health services (MNCH) present an opportunity to improve male engagement with routine health services and subsequent uptake of integrated HIV care. However, men's involvement in MNCH services remains low. This study explored the concept of fatherhood and factors influencing men's involvement in MNCH services.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D013019', 'D015658', 'D005220', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D017144', 'D007231', 'D036301', 'D002648', 'D008875', 'D055815', 'D000067576', 'D057545', 'D011247']"
38935601,Implementation barriers and facilitators for referral from the hospital to community-based lifestyle interventions from the perspective of lifestyle professionals: A qualitative study.,"A lifestyle front office (LFO) in the hospital is a not yet existing, novel concept that can refer patients under treatment in the hospital to community-based lifestyle interventions (CBLI). The aim of this study was to identify implementation barriers and facilitators regarding the implementation of an LFO in the hospital from the perspective of CBLI-professionals and to develop evidence-based implementation strategies to reduce these identified barriers.","['D006801', 'D012017', 'D036301', 'D008019', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D006761', 'D006282']"
38934837,Use of Smartphones for Social and Sexual Networking among Transgender Women in South India: Implications for Developing Smartphone-based Online HIV Prevention Interventions.,"Smartphone use is increasing among transgender women (TGW), including those who engage in sex work. Current government-supported HIV prevention interventions focus on physical venue-based outreach among TGW, missing the opportunity to reach them through smartphone-based interventions.","['D006801', 'D007194', 'D015658', 'D063106', 'D005260', 'D000068997', 'D000328', 'D017144', 'D060756', 'D055815', 'D036301', 'D008297', 'D061108', 'D006293', 'D012725', 'D000293']"
38934804,The need for acute assessments in home healthcare - Swedish registered nurses' experiences.,The study aims to describe Swedish RNs' experiences of acute assessments at home. More patients with complex nursing needs are cared for at home due to an ageing population. Registered nurses (RNs) who work with home healthcare need a broad medical competence and clinical experience alongside adapted decision support systems for maintaining patient safety in acute assessments within home healthcare.,"['D006801', 'D013548', 'D006699', 'D005260', 'D009726', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D011795', 'D036301', 'D002983', 'D001291', 'D061214', 'D009730']"
38934534,Clues for improvement of research in objective structured clinical examination.,"While objective clinical structured examination (OSCE) is a worldwide recognized and effective method to assess clinical skills of undergraduate medical students, the latest Ottawa conference on the assessment of competences raised vigorous debates regarding the future and innovations of OSCE. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive view of the global research activity on OSCE over the past decades and to identify clues for its improvement. We performed a bibliometric and scientometric analysis of OSCE papers published until March 2024. We included a description of the overall scientific productivity, as well as an unsupervised analysis of the main topics and the international scientific collaborations. A total of 3,224 items were identified from the Scopus database. There was a sudden spike in publications, especially related to virtual/remote OSCE, from 2020 to 2024. We identified leading journals and countries in terms of number of publications and citations. A co-occurrence term network identified three main clusters corresponding to different topics of research in OSCE. Two connected clusters related to OSCE performance and reliability, and a third cluster on student's experience, mental health (anxiety), and perception with few connections to the two previous clusters. Finally, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada were identified as leading countries in terms of scientific publications and collaborations in an international scientific network involving other European countries (the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy) as well as Saudi Arabia and Australia, and revealed the lack of important collaboration with Asian countries. Various avenues for improving OSCE research have been identified: i) developing remote OSCE with comparative studies between live and remote OSCE and issuing international recommendations for sharing remote OSCE between universities and countries; ii) fostering international collaborative studies with the support of key collaborating countries; iii) investigating the relationships between student performance and anxiety.","['D006801', 'D002983', 'D004521', 'D015706', 'D004504', 'D015203', 'D013337', 'D035843']"
38934478,Caregivers' experience of caring for family members with complex health needs in Latvia.,"The article examines the experiences of family caregivers engaged in the provision of long-term care for their relatives with complex health needs within the Latvian context. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven caregivers who provide care in cases of dementia, depression, schizophrenia, opioid use, Down syndrome and mild cognitive impairment. A thematic analysis of interview transcripts revealed common themes, such as the initial experiences when encountering a family member's disorder and the subsequent reactions, as well as the quest for support and resources. Variations mainly centered around differences in formal aspects and childhood experiences of care. Caregivers reported risk factors such as guilt, lack of support from family and friends, financial difficulties, deficiency of professional care and ignoring the caregiver's own needs. Awareness of personal resources, values and limits, coping with personal stigma and improved overall quality of life were identified as protective factors. The findings underscore several preventive measures that social and mental health services could implement to mitigate the adverse effects of caregiving on caregivers' lives.","['D006801', 'D017028', 'D007844', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D005190', 'D000223', 'D012944', 'D007407', 'D000328', 'D011788', 'D036301', 'D057545', 'D008134']"
38933755,Identification of a Theory-Practice Gap in the Education of Biomedical Scientists.,"The Biomedical Scientist (BMS) role is established in healthcare, working in laboratory environments to provide diagnostic testing and to monitor treatment effects on a patients' health. The profession is subject to several professional standards which highlight the importance of working in the best interests of the patient and service user. However, Biomedical Scientists have little or no patient contact. This study aimed to determine how Biomedical Scientists evidence that they meet the professional standards and support the achievement of patient outcomes.","['D006801', 'D035843', 'D003697', 'D017144', 'D032921', 'D012108', 'D008297', 'D005260']"
38933231,"""It's about Rights"": The Bunya Project's Indigenous Australian Voices on Health Care Curricula and Practice.","Indigenous community-controlled health care organizations provide timely, sustained, and culturally safe care. However, their expertise is often excluded from health professional education. This limits the transfer of knowledges and protocols to future practitioners-those positioned to shape health care systems and practices that could achieve the health rights of Indigenous people and reduce health and social inequities. In Australia, despite national government commitments to transforming curricula, services, and systems related to Indigenous health, health care training organizations such as universities generally have low numbers of Indigenous staff and few strategies to engage Indigenous experts. The authors of this paper are part of the Bunya Project, an Indigenous-led participatory action research effort designed to support non-Indigenous university staff and curriculum development through partnerships with Indigenous community-controlled organizations. We conducted 24 interviews with Indigenous individuals to ascertain recommendations for health care curricula. Three themes emerged: (1) role-modeling and leadership of Indigenous-controlled health organizations; (2) specific learnings for health professionals; and (3) achieving human rights in practice. Interviews also highlighted the need for health professionals' extension beyond clinical caregiving, and staff and students' development of knowledge, skills, and actions regarding client self-determination in order to promote clients' rights across all aspects of their health care. Critical self-reflection by health professionals is a foundational individual-level skill necessary for cultural safety.","['D006801', 'D001315', 'D003479', 'D044468', 'D006806', 'D006303', 'D007407', 'D006282', 'D055812', 'D007857', 'D000095283']"
38931208,Experiences and Acceptability of a Weight Loss Intervention for Diabetes (Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial-DiRECT) in Aotearoa New Zealand: A Qualitative Study within a Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial.,"The Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT) demonstrated that substantial weight loss and remission from type 2 diabetes can be achieved with low-energy total diet replacement and behavioural support. However, the acceptability of the DiRECT intervention in diverse populations with strong cultural emphases on food and shared eating remains unclear. We conducted a qualitative study nested within a pilot randomised controlled trial of DiRECT in one Māori (the Indigenous people of New Zealand) primary care provider in Aotearoa New Zealand. Participants with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes, obesity, and a desire to lose weight were randomised to either dietitian-supported usual care or the dietitian-supported DiRECT intervention for twelve months. The DiRECT intervention included three months of total diet replacement, then food reintroduction and supported weight loss maintenance. At three and twelve months, semi-structured interviews explored the acceptability of DiRECT and participants' experiences of each intervention. Interview transcripts from 25 participants (aged 48 ± 10 years, 76% female, 78% Māori or Pacific) at three months and 15 participants at twelve months were analysed. Participants viewed their pre-enrolment selves as unhealthy people with poor eating habits and desired professional weight loss support. For DiRECT participants, the total diet replacement phase was challenging but well-received, due to rapid improvements in weight and health. Food reintroduction and weight loss maintenance each presented unique challenges requiring effective strategies and adaptability. All participants considered individualised and empathetic dietetic support crucial to success. Sociocultural factors influencing success were experienced in both interventions: family and social networks provided support and motivation; however, eating-related norms were identified as challenges. The DiRECT intervention was considered an acceptable approach to weight loss in participants with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes with strong cultural emphases on food and shared eating. Our findings highlight the importance of individualised and culturally relevant behavioural support for effective weight loss and weight loss maintenance.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D009520', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D003924', 'D010865', 'D036301', 'D015431', 'D000328', 'D061217', 'D011236', 'D009765', 'D010342', 'D044468', 'D005247', 'D004038']"
38929052,"Nature Prescriptions and Indigenous Peoples: A Qualitative Inquiry in the Northwest Territories, Canada.","Nature prescription programs have become more common within healthcare settings. Despite the health benefits of being in nature, nature prescriptions within the context of Indigenous Peoples have received little attention. We therefore sought to answer the following question: What are circumpolar-based physicians' and Indigenous Elders' views on nature prescribing in the Northwest Territories, Canada? We carried out thirteen semi-structured interviews with physicians between May 2022 and March 2023, and one sharing circle with Indigenous Elders in February 2023. Separate reflexive thematic analysis was carried out to generate key themes through inductive coding of the data. The main themes identified from the physician interviews included the importance of cultural context; barriers with nature prescriptions in the region; and the potential for nature prescriptions in the North. Reflections shared by the Elders included the need for things to be done in the right way; the sentiment that the Land is not just an experience but a way of life; and the importance of traditional food as a connection with Nature. With expanding nature prescription programs, key considerations are needed when serving Indigenous communities. Further investigation is warranted to ensure that nature prescriptions are appropriate within a given context, are inclusive of supporting Land-based approaches to health and wellbeing, and are considered within the context of Indigenous self-determination.","['D005260', 'D006801', 'D000086682', 'D019368', 'D015873', 'D010820', 'D036301']"
38928963,"Understanding Professionals' Knowledge Regarding Factors Influencing Changes in Attitudes toward Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in Post-Migration Communities in Geneva, Switzerland.","Female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C) is a practice involving the partial or complete removal of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. To facilitate attitude changes, the ecological model of behavior change considers multiple levels of influence and their relationships with environmental and behavioral factors. The combined effects of migration and cultural adaptation result in a transformative process that leads to decreased support for FGM/C. This qualitative study aimed to gain knowledge from FGM/C field professionals regarding the factors promoting behavioral changes in migrant communities in Geneva, Switzerland. Between September and October 2023, we conducted semi-structured interviews using a reflexive thematic analysis. Our qualitative research is reported in accordance with the COREQ criteria. A data analysis was performed using NVivo 14 software. Four influential dimensions were identified, each with associated factors. The first dimension, the social level, includes (1) the impact and implementation of anti-FGM/C laws. The second dimension, the community level, encompasses four factors such as (2) religion, (3) a multifaceted examination of social aspects, (4) navigating language barriers and raising awareness, and (5) cultural adaptation processes. The third dimension, the interpersonal level, includes factors such as (6) changing views on the marriage prerequisite. Finally, the fourth dimension, the personal level, is associated with (7) women's experiences and perspectives regarding FGM/C. The findings highlight seven environmental factors, both within and across dimensions of the ecological model, that interact with human behavior to enable an adaptive cultural process. This process influences changes in attitudes and behaviors regarding FGM/C.","['D013557', 'D006801', 'D019093', 'D005260', 'D007722', 'D000328', 'D014171', 'D008875', 'D036301', 'D008297']"
38928960,Use of Antivibration Technology to Reduce Demands for In-Home Nursing Care and Support in Rural Settings for Persons with Essential Tremors: A Qualitative Study.,"With the increased integration of technologies in the healthcare sector, it is important to understand the benefits emerging technologies may play to reduce demands on the health care system. The Steadiwear antivibration glove shows promise for enhancing the independence in functional abilities for persons with essential tremors and for alleviating the need for support from the health care system. The objective of this study was to examine Registered Nurses' (RN) perceptions of the potential for the Steadiwear antivibration glove to reduce the need for in-person support from community healthcare workers.","['D006801', 'D012424', 'D036301', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D009726', 'D014202', 'D000203', 'D006699']"
38928959,Mitigating Identity-Related Anxiety through Humor and Immersive Storytelling with 360-Degree Video in Virtual Reality: A Study on Microaggressions' Mental Health Effects.,"Background: Microaggressions are subtle slights that can cause significant psychological distress among marginalized groups. Few studies have explored interventions that might mitigate these effects. Objective: This study aimed to investigate if and how humor-infused immersive storytelling via virtual reality (VR) could reduce identity-related psychological distress caused by microaggressions. Methods: Using a community-based participatory research approach, we developed a 7-min 360-degree VR film depicting scenarios of microaggressions across various identities. Forty-six college students participated in a controlled study where they were exposed to this immersive VR experience. We measured identity-related psychological anxiety, character identification, perceived humor, and perceived psychological presence. Results: The findings demonstrated a significant anxiety reduction following the VR intervention, supporting the efficacy of humor-infused storytelling in alleviating the impact of microaggressions. Character identification significantly predicted anxiety reduction, while perceived humor and psychological presence did not directly influence anxiety reduction but indirectly contributed through enhanced character identification. Conclusions: Humor-infused immersive storytelling, facilitated by VR, effectively reduces identity-related psychological distress primarily through character identification. The structural equation modeling results emphasize the importance of integrating humor and psychological presence to enhance character connection, advocating for a balanced approach that combines traditional narrative elements with technological innovations in health interventions aimed at combating the adverse psychological effects of microaggressions.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D055815', 'D001007', 'D000076142', 'D000374', 'D014925', 'D000328', 'D008603', 'D000293', 'D055812']"
38928937,Patient Perspectives on Portal-Based Anxiety and Depression Screening in HIV Care: A Qualitative Study Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.,"Electronic patient portals represent a promising means of integrating mental health assessments into HIV care where anxiety and depression are highly prevalent. Patient attitudes toward portal-based mental health screening within HIV clinics have not been well described. The aim of this formative qualitative study is to characterize the patient-perceived facilitators and barriers to portal-based anxiety and depression screening within HIV care in order to inform implementation strategies for mental health screening. Twelve adult HIV clinic patients participated in semi-structured interviews that were audio recorded and transcribed. The transcripts were coded using constructs from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and analyzed thematically to identify the barriers to and facilitators of portal-based anxiety and depression screening. Facilitators included an absence of alternative screening methods, an approachable design, perceived adaptability, high compatibility with HIV care, the potential for linkage to treatment, an increased self-awareness of mental health conditions, the ability to bundle screening with clinic visits, and communicating an action plan for results. The barriers included difficulty navigating the patient portal system, a lack of technical support, stigmatization from the healthcare system, care team response times, and the novelty of using patient portals for communication. The patients in the HIV clinic viewed the use of a portal-based anxiety and depression screening tool as highly compatible with routine HIV care. Technical difficulties, follow-up concerns, and a fear of stigmatization were commonly perceived as barriers to portal use. The results of this study can be used to inform implementation strategies when designing or incorporating portal-based mental health screening into other HIV care settings.","['D006801', 'D015658', 'D008297', 'D003863', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D001007', 'D000072638', 'D008403', 'D036301']"
38927003,"What are the experiences of non-invasive ventilation for sleep-disordered breathing in children and young people and what outcomes matter? Perspectives of children and young people, their parents and the staff who care for them.","Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children and young people (CYP) can result in multiple health outcomes; however, adherence to NIV can be challenging. Suboptimally treated SDB may increase the risk of adverse consequences. Placing children's and parents' goals at the core of their SDB treatment may support adherence to NIV. To identify these health outcomes, it is necessary to gain a greater understanding of CYP's experiences of using NIV, whether they perceive any benefits from NIV use, as well as the outcomes that their parents and NIV staff identify as important.","['D006801', 'D002648', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D010290', 'D000293', 'D002675', 'D063087', 'D012891', 'D036301', 'D010349', 'D001291', 'D016896', 'D006282']"
38926919,Labor Support during the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States.,To describe the experiences of registered nurses and certified nurse midwives who provided labor support and care in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic.,"['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D014481', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D036301', 'D000328', 'D000086402', 'D058873', 'D009721', 'D007743', 'D007407', 'D008875']"
38926813,'Doing culture' in contemporary south-eastern Australia: how Indigenous people are creating and maintaining strong cultural identities for improved health and wellbeing.,Indigenous people in Australia experience far poorer health than non-Indigenous Australians. A growing body of research suggests that Indigenous people who are strong in their cultural identity experience better health than those who are not. Yet little is known about how Indigenous people create and maintain strong cultural identities in the contemporary context. This paper explores how Indigenous people in south-eastern Australia create and maintain strong cultural identities to support their health and wellbeing.,"['D006801', 'D044468', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D014739', 'D000328', 'D012933', 'D000081034', 'D036301', 'D000086382', 'D006303', 'D008875']"
38926715,Children's voices on their values and moral dilemmas when being cared and treated for cancer- a qualitative interview study.,"Childhood cancers affect about 350 children every year in Sweden and are life-threatening diseases. During the treatment period, situations arise that can become morally challenging for the child. When knowing children's values and morally challenging situations in childhood cancer care, targeted ethics support could be developed and used in care.","['D006801', 'D009369', 'D002648', 'D036301', 'D005260', 'D013548', 'D008297', 'D000293', 'D009014', 'D017144', 'D012945']"
38926712,"WHO, WHEN, HOW: a scoping review on flexible at-home respite for informal caregivers of older adults.","As the world population is aging, considerable efforts need to be put towards developing and maintaining evidenced-based care for older adults. Respite services are part of the selection of homecare offered to informal caregivers. Although current best practices around respite are rooted in person centeredness, there is no integrated synthesis of its flexible components. Such a synthesis could offer a better understanding of key characteristics of flexible respite and, as such, support its implementation and use.","['D006801', 'D017028', 'D012144', 'D000368', 'D006699', 'D011795', 'D036301', 'D005260']"
38926661,The role of peer support in recovery among clients with mental illness attending the psychiatric service in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia: a qualitative study.,"The understanding that mental health recovery is a personal and subjective experience informs mental health policies in many countries. However, most of the populations in these studies are from the West, limiting their applicability in Asia. Peer support in mental health refers to helping and mentoring people who have overcome similar obstacles. Despite being proven to be effective in promoting recovery, little is known about its use in Malaysian psychiatric patients. This study aims to explore the participants' perspectives on their concept of recovery and how the peer support group (PSG) aid them to achieve recovery.","['D006801', 'D008296', 'D010379', 'D008297', 'D001523', 'D005260', 'D036301', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D062606', 'D012944', 'D000073038', 'D012657', 'D008605', 'D055815']"
38926198,Health professionals' perceptions of prehabilitation before haematopoietic cell transplantation to optimise candidacy in older adults.,"Haematologic malignancies for the most part are diseases of the elderly. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only potentially curative strategy for many patients but carries substantial morbidity and mortality risks, particularly in frail or co-morbid patients. Pre-transplant optimisation of key targets through prehabilitation may have significant clinical impact.","['D006801', 'D018380', 'D000368', 'D007494', 'D036301', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D001291', 'D019337', 'D000082622', 'D008875', 'D006282', 'D000328', 'D011300', 'D007407']"
38926149,Protocol for the development of a core outcome set for clinical trials in primary sclerosing cholangitis.,"Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a progressive immune-mediated liver disease, for which no medical therapy has been shown to slow disease progression. However, the horizon for new therapies is encouraging, with several innovative clinical trials in progress. Despite these advancements, there is considerable heterogeneity in the outcomes studied, with lack of consensus as to what outcomes to measure, when to measure and how to measure. Furthermore, there has been a paradigm shift in PSC treatment targets over recent years, moving from biochemistry-based endpoints to histological assessment of liver fibrosis, imaging-based biomarkers and patient-reported outcome measures. The abundance of new interventional trials and evolving endpoints pose opportunities for all stakeholders involved in evaluating novel therapies. To this effect, there is a need to harmonise measures used in clinical trials through the development of a core outcome set (COS).","['D006801', 'D015209', 'D012107', 'D002986', 'D003697', 'D017063', 'D023381', 'D000078202']"
38925890,Healthcare practitioners' views of self-harm management practices in older adults in Ireland: A qualitative study.,To explore healthcare practitioners' views on management practices of self-harm in older adults.,"['D006801', 'D016728', 'D007494', 'D036301', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D001291', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D006282', 'D000328', 'D018570']"
38925728,"Lessons for Cardiovascular Clinical Investigators: The Tumultuous 2,500-Year Journey of Physicians Who Ignited Our Fire.","Whereas medical practice stems from Hippocrates, cardiovascular science originates with Aristotle. The Hippocratic philosophy was championed by Galen (129-216 CE), whose advocacy of a tripartite soul found favor in the early Christian Church. In contrast, Aristotle's works were banned as heresy by ecclesiastical authority, only to survive and prosper in the Islamic Golden Age (775-1258 CE). Galen theorized that the circulation consisted of separate venous and arterial systems. Blood was produced in the liver and traveled centrifugally through veins. When arriving in the right ventricle, venous blood passed through tiny pores in the ventricular septum into the left ventricle, where it became aerated by air passing from the lungs through the pulmonary veins to the left side of the heart. Following arrival at distal sites, arterial blood disappeared, being consumed by the tissues, requiring that the liver needed to continually synthesize new blood. The heart was viewed as a sucking organ, and the peripheral pulse was deemed to result from changes in arterial tone, rather than cardiac systole. Galen's framework remained undisputed and dominated medical thought for 1,300 years, but the reintroduction of Aristotelian principles from the Islamic world into Europe (through the efforts of the Toledo School of Translators) were nurtured by the academic freedom and iconoclastic environment uniquely cultivated at the University of Padua, made possible by Venetian rebellion against papal authority. At Padua, the work of Andreas Vesalius, Realdo Colombo, Hieronymus Fabricius ab Acquapendente, and William Harvey (1543-1628) methodically destroyed Galen's model, leading to the modern concept of a closed-ended circulation. Yet, due to political forces, Harvey was ridiculed, as was James Lind, who performed the first prospective controlled trial, involving citrus fruits for scurvy (1747); it took nearly 50 years for his work to be accepted. Even the work of William Withering (1785), the father of cardiovascular pharmacology, was tarnished by professional jealously and the marketing campaign of a pharmaceutical company. Today's cardiovascular investigators should understand that major advances are routinely derided by the medical establishment for political or personal reasons; and it may take decades or centuries for important work to be accepted.","['D006801', 'D002309', 'D049690', 'D049691', 'D010820', 'D049670', 'D035843', 'D049669']"
38925706,What is the economic and social return on investment for telephone cancer information and support services in Australia? An evaluative social return on investment study protocol.,"Over 50% of people affected by cancer report unmet support needs. To address unmet information and psychological needs, non-government organisations such as Cancer Councils (Australia) have developed state-based telephone cancer information and support services. Due to competing demands, evidence of the value of these services is needed to ensure that future investment makes the best use of scarce resources. This research aims to determine the costs and broader economic and social value of a telephone support service, to inform future funding and service provision.","['D006801', 'D009369', 'D001315', 'D003362', 'D013689', 'D012107', 'D012944']"
38925702,Implementation of quality indicators for palliative care for patients with incurable cancer at palliative care units in Germany (Quincie): a study protocol for a mixed-methods study.,"Guidelines are important tools for supporting quality management in the care of patients with cancer. However, in clinical practice barriers exist to their implementation. Consequently, Quincie aims at: (1) gaining a comprehensive picture of the implementation of quality indicators from the national guideline on palliative care for patients with incurable cancer in palliative care units and (2) describing the factors that facilitate and hinder their implementation to develop recommendations.","['D006801', 'D010166', 'D009369', 'D005858', 'D019984', 'D012107', 'D003697']"
38925681,Sexual health services for adolescents on Reunion Island: results from a descriptive interview-based study.,To describe the experiences of sexual health services available for adolescents aged 15-19 years on Reunion Island.,"['D006801', 'D000293', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000074384', 'D036301', 'D006297', 'D055815', 'D017508', 'D007407', 'D016497', 'D034121']"
38925665,"Postpartum recovery after severe maternal morbidity in Kilifi, Kenya: a grounded theory of recovery trajectories beyond 42 days.","The burden of severe maternal morbidity is highest in sub-Saharan Africa, and its relative contribution to maternal (ill) health may increase as maternal mortality continues to fall. Women's perspective of their long-term recovery following severe morbidity beyond the standard 42-day postpartum period remains largely unexplored.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D007630', 'D066296', 'D000328', 'D049590', 'D011247', 'D011248', 'D055815', 'D009017']"
38924637,Experiences of Living With the Nonmotor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease: A Photovoice Study.,"Nonmotor symptoms (NMSs) are frequently experienced by people with Parkinson's disease (PD) and are often perceived as their most bothersome symptoms. However, these remain poorly understood with suboptimal clinical management. These unmet needs are an important determinant of health-related quality of life (QoL) in PD.","['D006801', 'D010300', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D011788', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D010781', 'D000223', 'D012944', 'D000203', 'D012649', 'D000369', 'D036301']"
38924218,"Different views on collaboration between older persons, informal caregivers and care professionals.","Informal care features high on the policy agenda of many countries to deal with workforce shortages. As a consequence, care provision increasingly takes place in the care triad of care recipients, informal caregivers and care professionals. How collaboration between care partners takes shape depends on how the different partners perceive this collaboration. This paper aims to investigate the relative importance of the different aspects of collaboration from the perspectives of care recipients, informal caregivers and care professionals in the context of the care for older persons in The Netherlands.","['D006801', 'D017028', 'D000368', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D009426', 'D003299', 'D008875', 'D000369', 'D006282', 'D007407', 'D036301', 'D011369']"
38924023,Coping and end-of-life decision-making in ALS: A qualitative interview study.,"How do people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (PALS) deal with their diagnosis and engage in end-of-life decision-making? What informational or supportive needs do they have for counselling about life-sustaining treatment and end-of-life care? Which correlating conditions and influences relate to these needs and how do they connect to the wish to die or wish to live? We conducted a qualitative interview study with 13 people with ALS in Germany from March 2019 to April 2021. Data collection and analysis followed a grounded theory-based approach and revealed close relationships between coping, informational needs and the preparedness for decision-making. We identified the coping strategies 'avoid thinking about end-of-life' and its counterpart, 'planning ahead to be well-prepared,' and differentiated the latter into the patterns 'withdrawing from life and taking precautions against life-prolongation' and 'searching for a new meaning in life and preparing for life-sustaining treatment'. The approaches are based on individual perceptions, attitudes and motives and can be positively/negatively reinforced by healthcare professionals (HCP), family and other interpersonal networks, but also by disease progression and in reaction to health care services. Type and degree of needs concerning information and counselling differed according to coping strategies. These strategies may vary over time, resulting in different support needs. Our findings signify that deep insight is needed into PALS' coping processes to understand their decision-making about life-sustaining treatment. Healthcare professionals should be sensitive to illness experiences beyond medical aspects and foster coping as a biographical process to better support people with ALS.","['D006801', 'D000690', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000223', 'D003657', 'D013727', 'D000368', 'D036301', 'D000328', 'D005858', 'D007407']"
38924005,Enhancing long COVID care in general practice: A qualitative study.,"Research suggests that general practice can play an important role in managing long COVID. However, studies investigating the perspectives of general practitioners (GPs) and patients are lacking and knowledge regarding optimal long COVID care in general practice is therefore limited.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D058006', 'D000328', 'D058005', 'D036301', 'D011795', 'D000086402', 'D010817']"
38923977,Affective Contact in Autism: A Phenomenological Study of the Emotional Experiences of Autistic Adults.,"Since the first descriptions of autism, difficulties with affective contact (e.g., interpersonal exchanges of feelings between individuals) have been considered a common feature of autism spectrum disorder, and these difficulties frequently manifest in occupational therapy interventions.","['D006801', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D055815', 'D004644', 'D000067877', 'D009788', 'D017144', 'D000293', 'D001321', 'D011369', 'D036301']"
38923357,Registered nurses' experiences on job satisfaction in nursing home settings.,To describe what registered nurses' experience to be important to job satisfaction in nursing home settings.,"['D006801', 'D007588', 'D009735', 'D036301', 'D005260', 'D009726', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D001291', 'D016526']"
38923155,Maintaining resilience over time: A qualitative exploration of the experiences of living with chronic musculoskeletal pain.,"Living with chronic pain can have several negative consequences. However, some individuals are more resilient despite pain. Although a large body of research exploring resilience-enhancing factors exists, there is a lack of research focused on the changes of individual's resilience over time.","['D006801', 'D059352', 'D008875', 'D059350', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D055500', 'D036301', 'D017144', 'D007407']"
38923088,'It Is Good to See the Person As a Whole Person and… Continue to Improve Our Psychologically Informed Working': A Thematic Analysis of Clinical Psychology Trainee Placements in Homelessness Settings.,"The National Framework for Inclusion Health identified the need for collaborative action between the NHS and third sector health to improve access and outcomes for Inclusion Health groups. Clinical psychology trainee placements in homelessness settings could be a valuable pathway to improving access to psychological support for people experiencing homelessness and the provision of clinical services, which is key to developing the workforce and a catalyst for the future recruitment of clinical psychologists in the third sector.","['D006801', 'D006703', 'D036301', 'D011586', 'D007407', 'D008611', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D013222', 'D006113']"
38922667,Examining Associations Between Smartphone Use and Clinical Severity in Frontotemporal Dementia: Proof-of-Concept Study.,"Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a leading cause of dementia in individuals aged <65 years. Several challenges to conducting in-person evaluations in FTLD illustrate an urgent need to develop remote, accessible, and low-burden assessment techniques. Studies of unobtrusive monitoring of at-home computer use in older adults with mild cognitive impairment show that declining function is reflected in reduced computer use; however, associations with smartphone use are unknown.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D057180', 'D000068997', 'D000368', 'D012720', 'D000075082', 'D000328', 'D008137', 'D009483', 'D063731']"
38922234,Cross-cultural nursing care for immigrant women during pregnancy and childbirth: experiences and vulnerabilities.,To understand the experiences and vulnerabilities for cross-cultural nursing care for immigrant women during pregnancy and delivery.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D054242', 'D001938', 'D036301', 'D000328', 'D036801', 'D065246', 'D016746', 'D000069', 'D009773']"
38920395,"Gender, culture, and migration: A qualitative study of the socioeconomic challenges facing Afghan women refugees in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.","The research explores Afghan refugee women's challenges in accessing education, employment, and legal rights in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It seeks to inform policy changes to improve their socioeconomic circumstances and mitigate these hardships. The study employs qualitative methodologies, utilizing interviews, observation, and document analysis to capture rich, in-depth narratives from three Afghan refugee women. Each narrative provides unique insights into the women's struggles with education, employment, and securing legal rights. The research highlights challenges from forced migration, gender inequality, cultural norms, and socioeconomic marginalization, causing a holistic crisis for Afghan refugee women in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. These issues hinder access to education, employment, financial vulnerabilities, and legal uncertainties. The study suggests a comprehensive, multi-pronged approach to policy changes, including education reform for refugee girls, gender-responsive recruitment practices, and legal reforms to secure refugees' rights. It emphasizes gender-responsive support services and involves Afghan refugee women in policy development processes, leveraging their experiences for more effective and inclusive policies.","['D006801', 'D012036', 'D005260', 'D010154', 'D036301', 'D000346', 'D000328', 'D012959', 'D004651', 'D014933', 'D003469', 'D004641']"
38952993,The best of two worlds: reprojecting 2D image annotations onto 3D models.,"Imagery has become one of the main data sources for investigating seascape spatial patterns. This is particularly true in deep-sea environments, which are only accessible with underwater vehicles. On the one hand, using collaborative web-based tools and machine learning algorithms, biological and geological features can now be massively annotated on 2D images with the support of experts. On the other hand, geomorphometrics such as slope or rugosity derived from 3D models built with structure from motion (sfm) methodology can then be used to answer spatial distribution questions. However, precise georeferencing of 2D annotations on 3D models has proven challenging for deep-sea images, due to a large mismatch between navigation obtained from underwater vehicles and the reprojected navigation computed in the process of building 3D models. In addition, although 3D models can be directly annotated, the process becomes challenging due to the low resolution of textures and the large size of the models. In this article, we propose a streamlined, open-access processing pipeline to reproject 2D image annotations onto 3D models using ray tracing. Using four underwater image datasets, we assessed the accuracy of annotation reprojection on 3D models and achieved successful georeferencing to centimetric accuracy. The combination of photogrammetric 3D models and accurate 2D annotations would allow the construction of a 3D representation of the landscape and could provide new insights into understanding species microdistribution and biotic interactions.","['D021621', 'D000465', 'D000069550', 'D007091', 'D009792']"
38952977,The effect of a spinal thrust manipulation's audible pop on brain wave activity: a quasi-experimental repeated measure design.,"High velocity thrust manipulation is commonly used when managing joint dysfunctions. Often, these thrust maneuvers will elicit an audible pop. It has been unclear what conclusively causes this audible sound and its clinical meaningfulness. This study sought to identify the effect of the audible pop on brainwave activity directly following a prone T7 thrust manipulation in asymptomatic/healthy subjects.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D020393', 'D058256', 'D004569', 'D055815', 'D013016']"
38952973,Response of the subalpine bunchgrasses to wildfires and its effects in the relative abundance of the volcano rabbit in the Ajusco-Chichinautzin Mountain Range.,"The volcano rabbit (Romerolagus diazi) is a lagomorph endemic to the central mountains of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and is classified as threatened at extinction risk. It is a habitat specialist in bunchgrass communities. The annual wildfires that occur throughout its distribution range are a vulnerability factor for the species. However, the effects of wildfires on volcano rabbit populations are not fully understood. We evaluated the occupancy and change in the volcano rabbit relative abundance index in the burned bunchgrass communities of the Ajusco-Chichinautzin Mountain Range during an annual cycle of wildfire events. Additionally, we assessed the factors that favor and limit occupation and reoccupation by the volcano rabbit using the relative abundance index in burned plots as an indicator of these processes. The explanatory factors for the response of the volcano rabbit were its presence in the nearby unburned bunchgrasses, the height of three species of bunchgrass communities, the proportion of different types of vegetation cover within a 500 m radius around the burned plots, heterogeneity of the vegetation cover, and the extent of the wildfire. Statistical analyses indicated possible reoccupation in less than a year in burned bunchgrass communities adjacent to unburned bunchgrass communities with volcano rabbits. The relative abundance index of volcano rabbits was not favored when the maximum height of the Muhlenbergia macroura bunchgrass community was less than 0.77 m. When the vegetation around the burned plots was dominated by forest (cover >30% of the buffer) and the fire was extensive, the number of latrines decreased per month but increased when the bunchgrass and shrub cover was greater around the burned plots. While the statistical results are not conclusive, our findings indicate a direction for future projects, considering extensive monitoring to obtain a greater number of samples that contribute to consolidating the models presented.","['D000818', 'D000075923', 'D008800', 'D017753', 'D007793', 'D011817', 'D006109']"
38952079,Mechanical factors influence β-catenin localization and barrier properties.,"Mechanical forces are of major importance in regulating vascular homeostasis by influencing endothelial cell behavior and functions. Adherens junctions are critical sites for mechanotransduction in endothelial cells. β-catenin, a component of adherens junctions and the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, plays a role in mechanoactivation. Evidence suggests that β-catenin is involved in flow sensing and responds to tensional forces, impacting junction dynamics. The mechanoregulation of β-catenin signaling is context-dependent, influenced by the type and duration of mechanical loads. In endothelial cells, β-catenin's nuclear translocation and signaling are influenced by shear stress and strain, affecting endothelial permeability. The study investigates how shear stress, strain, and surface topography impact adherens junction dynamics, regulate β-catenin localization, and influence endothelial barrier properties. Insight box Mechanical loads are potent regulators of endothelial functions through not completely elucidated mechanisms. Surface topography, wall shear stress and cyclic wall deformation contribute overlapping mechanical stimuli to which endothelial monolayer respond to adapt and maintain barrier functions. The use of custom developed flow chamber and bioreactor allows quantifying the response of mature human endothelial to well-defined wall shear stress and gradients of strain. Here, the mechanoregulation of β-catenin by substrate topography, wall shear stress, and cyclic stretch is analyzed and linked to the monolayer control of endothelial permeability.","['D051176', 'D006801', 'D013314', 'D040542', 'D022005', 'D061307', 'D042783', 'D033081', 'D060449', 'D001696']"
38951951,Sensing the squeeze: nuclear mechanotransduction in health and disease.,"The nucleus not only is a repository for DNA but also a center of cellular and nuclear mechanotransduction. From nuclear deformation to the interplay between mechanosensing components and genetic control, the nucleus is poised at the nexus of mechanical forces and cellular function. Understanding the stresses acting on the nucleus, its mechanical properties, and their effects on gene expression is therefore crucial to appreciate its mechanosensitive function. In this review, we examine many elements of nuclear mechanotransduction, and discuss the repercussions on the health of cells and states of illness. By describing the processes that underlie nuclear mechanosensation and analyzing its effects on gene regulation, the review endeavors to open new avenues for studying nuclear mechanics in physiology and diseases.","['D040542', 'D006801', 'D002467', 'D000818', 'D005786']"
38956059,Tidings from the Tides-De novo transcriptome assembly of the endemic estuarine bivalve Villorita cyprinoides.,"The Indian black clam Villorita cyprinoides Gray, 1825, is an economically valuable estuarine bivalve that faces challenges from multiple stressors and anthropogenic pressures. However, limited genomic resources have hindered molecular investigations into the impact of these stressors on clam populations. Here, we have generated the first transcriptomic reference datasets for V. cyprinoides to address this knowledge gap. A total of 25,040,592 and 22,486,217 million Illumina paired-end reads generated from two individuals were assembled using Trinity and rnaSPAdes. From the 47,607 transcripts identified as Coding Domain Sequences, 37,487 returned positive BLAST hits against six different databases. Additionally, a total of 14,063 Single Sequence Repeats were identified using GMATA. This study significantly enhances the genetic understanding of V. cyprinoides, a potential candidate for aquaculture that supports the livelihoods of many people dependent on small-scale fisheries. The data generated provides insights into broader genealogical connections within the family Cyrenidae through comparative transcriptomics. Furthermore, this transcriptional profile serves as baseline data for future studies in toxicological and conservation genetics.","['D000818', 'D059467', 'D049872']"
38954209,Single Cell Transcriptome Analysis During Development in Dictyostelium.,"Dictyostelium represents a stripped-down model for understanding how cells make decisions during development. The complete life cycle takes around a day and the fully differentiated structure is composed of only two major cell types. With this apparent reduction in ""complexity,"" single cell transcriptomics has proven to be a valuable tool in defining the features of developmental transitions and cell fate separation events, even providing causal information on how mechanisms of gene expression can feed into cell decision-making. These scientific outputs have been strongly facilitated by the ease of non-disruptive single cell isolation-allowing access to more physiological measures of transcript levels. In addition, the limited number of cell states during development allows the use of more straightforward analysis tools for handling the ensuing large datasets, which provides enhanced confidence in inferences made from the data. In this chapter, we will outline the approaches we have used for handling Dictyostelium single cell transcriptomic data, illustrating how these approaches have contributed to our understanding of cell decision-making during development.","['D004023', 'D059010', 'D020869', 'D059467', 'D018507', 'D000092386']"
38952314,[Preparation and preliminary application of the polyclonal antibody against Toxoplasma gondii dense granule protein 24].,"To prepare and characterize the mouse polyclonal antibody against the dense granule protein 24 (GRA24) of Toxoplasma gondii, and explore its preliminary applications.","['D000818', 'D014122', 'D015800', 'D008807', 'D051379', 'D000913', 'D005260', 'D011994', 'D000918', 'D000953']"
38952190,Impact of Age of Heart Transplant Program on Patient Survival and Post-Transplant Outcomes.,The relationship between age of a heart transplant (HT) program and outcomes has not been explored.,"['D006801', 'D016027', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D012189', 'D008875', 'D005500', 'D015996', 'D000328', 'D011379', 'D009927', 'D006085', 'D012307', 'D006084', 'D011183', 'D014019', 'D000367', 'D000368']"
38951796,Unexpected regulatory functions of cyprinid Viperin on inflammation and metabolism.,"Viperin, also known as radical S-adenosyl-methionine domain containing protein 2 (RSAD2), is an interferon-inducible protein that is involved in the innate immune response against a wide array of viruses. In mammals, Viperin exerts its antiviral function through enzymatic conversion of cytidine triphosphate (CTP) into its antiviral analog ddhCTP as well as through interactions with host proteins involved in innate immune signaling and in metabolic pathways exploited by viruses during their life cycle. However, how Viperin modulates the antiviral response in fish remains largely unknown.","['D000818', 'D003530', 'D007249', 'D007113', 'D029941', 'D002460', 'D064113', 'D007370', 'D000072669', 'D005786']"
38949201,Different species of Chiroptera: Immune cells and molecules.,"The distinct composition and immune response characteristics of bats' innate and adaptive immune systems, which enable them to serve as host of numerous serious zoonotic viruses without falling ill, differ substantially from those of other mammals, it have garnered significant attention. In this article, we offer a systematic review of the names, attributes, and functions of innate and adaptive immune cells & molecules across different bat species. This includes descriptions of the differences shown by research between 71 bat species in 10 families, as well as comparisons between bats and other mammals. Studies of the immune cells & molecules of different bat species are necessary to understand the unique antiviral immunity of bats. By providing comprehensive information on these unique immune responses, it is hoped that new insights will be provided for the study of co-evolutionary dynamics between viruses and the bat immune system, as well as human antiviral immunity.","['D002685', 'D000818', 'D007113', 'D056704', 'D006801', 'D014780', 'D014777']"
38949019,A little ER stress isn't bad: the IRE1α/XBP1 pathway shapes ILC3 functions during intestinal inflammation.,"Type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are key regulators of intestinal homeostasis and epithelial barrier integrity. In this issue of the JCI, Cao and colleagues found that a sensor of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, the inositol-requiring kinase 1α/X-box-binding protein 1 (IRE1α/XBP1) pathway, fine-tuned the functions of ILC3s. Activation of IRE1α and XBP1 in ILC3s limited intestinal inflammation in mice and correlated with the efficacy of ustekinumab, an IL-12/IL-23 blocker, in patients with Crohn's disease. These results advance our understanding in the use of ILCs as biomarkers not only to predict disease outcomes but also to indicate the response to biologicals in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.","['D000071717', 'D000818', 'D004722', 'D017346', 'D006801', 'D051379', 'D059865', 'D008214', 'D015398', 'D003424', 'D007113', 'D007249']"
38947335,"SOCS1 is a critical checkpoint in immune homeostasis, inflammation and tumor immunity.","The Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) family proteins are important negative regulators of cytokine signaling. SOCS1 is the prototypical member of the SOCS family and functions in a classic negative-feedback loop to inhibit signaling in response to interferon, interleukin-12 and interleukin-2 family cytokines. These cytokines have a critical role in orchestrating our immune defence against viral pathogens and cancer. The ability of SOCS1 to limit cytokine signaling positions it as an important immune checkpoint, as evidenced by the detection of detrimental SOCS1 variants in patients with cytokine-driven inflammatory and autoimmune disease. SOCS1 has also emerged as a key checkpoint that restricts anti-tumor immunity, playing both a tumor intrinsic role and impacting the ability of various immune cells to mount an effective anti-tumor response. In this review, we describe the mechanism of SOCS1 action, focusing on the role of SOCS1 in autoimmunity and cancer, and discuss the potential for new SOCS1-directed cancer therapies that could be used to enhance adoptive immunotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade.","['D006801', 'D000071222', 'D009369', 'D006706', 'D007249', 'D000818', 'D015398', 'D015551', 'D016207']"
38947332,"C-reactive protein: structure, function, regulation, and role in clinical diseases.","C-reactive protein (CRP) is a plasma protein that is evolutionarily conserved, found in both vertebrates and many invertebrates. It is a member of the pentraxin superfamily, characterized by its pentameric structure and calcium-dependent binding to ligands like phosphocholine (PC). In humans and various other species, the plasma concentration of this protein is markedly elevated during inflammatory conditions, establishing it as a prototypical acute phase protein that plays a role in innate immune responses. This feature can also be used clinically to evaluate the severity of inflammation in the organism. Human CRP (huCRP) can exhibit contrasting biological functions due to conformational transitions, while CRP in various species retains conserved protective functions in vivo. The focus of this review will be on the structural traits of CRP, the regulation of its expression, activate complement, and its function in related diseases in vivo.","['D006801', 'D002097', 'D000818', 'D007249', 'D007113', 'D011487', 'D013329', 'D003167']"
38947319,Coordinated expansion of memory T follicular helper and B cells mediates spontaneous clearance of HCV reinfection.,"Follicular helper T cells are essential for helping in the maturation of B cells and the production of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) during primary viral infections. However, their role during recall responses is unclear. Here, we used hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection in humans as a model to study the recall collaborative interaction between circulating CD4 T follicular helper cells (cTfh) and memory B cells (MBCs) leading to the generation of NAbs.","['D006801', 'D016174', 'D000084522', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D006526', 'D000091245', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D000084063', 'D057134', 'D007156', 'D018937', 'D019698', 'D008213']"
38946656,"Kidney transplantation access and outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and young adults, 1963-2020: an ANZDATA registry study.",To assess differences between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous Australian children and young adults in access to and outcomes of kidney transplantation.,"['D006801', 'D016030', 'D044468', 'D001315', 'D000293', 'D055815', 'D002648', 'D012042', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D002675', 'D007223', 'D006085', 'D006297', 'D007676', 'D009520', 'D007231', 'D006435', 'D015331', 'D000095283']"
38945553,Autoantibody-positivity before and seroconversion during treatment with anti-PD-1 is associated with immune-related adverse events in patients with melanoma.,"Treatment with the immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) often causes immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Since irAEs resemble autoimmune diseases, autoantibodies might play a role and could potentially be used to identify patients at risk. Therefore, we investigated the association between autoantibody-positivity and toxicity as well as clinical response in patients with melanoma treated with anti-PD-1.","['D006801', 'D008545', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D001323', 'D008875', 'D012189', 'D000368', 'D000082082', 'D000069078', 'D000328', 'D000369', 'D061026']"
38944820,[Discovering the pathogenesis of autoimmune inflammation].,"Az autoimmun betegségek az immuntolerancia károsodása következtében létrejövő kórállapotok, melyeknek szervspecifikus és szisztémás formáit különítjük el. Az autoimmun kórképek krónikus lefolyásuk, sokszor szervet vagy életet veszélyeztető megjelenésük, valamint növekvő incidenciájuk miatt komoly kihívást jelentenek mind a betegek, mind pedig az egészségügyi ellátórendszer számára. Mivel az alkalmazott terápiákra a betegek egy része nem vagy csak kevéssé reagál, az újabb potenciális gyógyszercélpontok feltérképezése és hatóanyagok kifejlesztése elengedhetetlen. Ehhez ugyanakkor jobban meg kell ismerni a betegségek hátterében álló folyamatokat. Jelen közleményünkben néhány autoimmun betegség példáján keresztül szeretnénk a teljesség igénye nélkül betekintést nyújtani abba, hogy milyen lehetőségek állnak rendelkezésre e kórképek patomechanizmusának részletesebb megismerésére. A kutatásban gyakran alkalmazunk az autoimmun betegségek vizsgálatára állatmodelleket vagy páciensek vér- és szövetmintáit, amelyek segítségével a patogenezis jobban feltárható, illetve a klinikumban még nem törzskönyvezett, célzott inhibitorok preklinikai vizsgálatai is elvégezhetők. Célunk, hogy rövid betekintést adjunk az autoimmun betegségek transzlációs szemléletű, izgalmas kutatási lehetőségeibe. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(26): 983–996.","['D006801', 'D001327', 'D007249', 'D000818', 'D015551']"
38944658,CD4+ T cells display a spectrum of recall dynamics during re-infection with malaria parasites.,"Children in malaria-endemic regions can experience repeated Plasmodium infections over short periods of time. Effects of re-infection on multiple co-existing CD4+ T cell subsets remain unresolved. Here, we examine antigen-experienced CD4+ T cells during re-infection in mice, using scRNA-seq/TCR-seq and spatial transcriptomics. TCR transgenic TEM cells initiate rapid Th1/Tr1 recall responses prior to proliferating, while GC Tfh counterparts are refractory, with TCM/Tfh-like cells exhibiting modest non-proliferative responses. Th1-recall is a partial facsimile of primary Th1-responses, with no upregulated effector-associated genes being unique to recall. Polyclonal, TCR-diverse, CD4+ T cells exhibit similar recall dynamics, with individual clones giving rise to multiple effectors including highly proliferative Th1/Tr1 cells, as well as GC Tfh and Tfh-like cells lacking proliferative capacity. Thus, we show substantial diversity in recall responses mounted by multiple co-existing CD4+ T cell subsets in the spleen, and present graphical user interfaces for studying gene expression dynamics and clonal relationships during re-infection.","['D000818', 'D008288', 'D015496', 'D051379', 'D000084063', 'D018417', 'D008810', 'D013154', 'D011948', 'D008822', 'D005260', 'D007156']"
38944485,Overview of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases.,"Systemic autoinflammatory diseases (SAID) are a growing family of disorders of the innate immune system. Over the years, there have been changes in the definition, classification and nomenclature of SAID as new syndromes and pathophysiologic mechanisms continue to be described. Recognizing the clinical manifestations of SAID is important for their early diagnosis and management. The field continues to advance with potential new therapies underway.","['D006801', 'D056660', 'D002648', 'D007113']"
38943190,Duck STING mediates antiviral autophagy directing the interferon signaling pathway to inhibit duck plague virus infection.,"Migratory birds are important vectors for virus transmission, how migratory birds recognize viruses and viruses are sustained in birds is still enigmatic. As an animal model for waterfowl among migratory birds, studying and dissecting the antiviral immunity and viral evasion in duck cells may pave a path to deciphering these puzzles. Here, we studied the mechanism of antiviral autophagy mediated by duck STING in DEF cells. The results collaborated that duck STING could significantly enhance LC3B-II/I turnover, LC3B-EGFP puncta formation, and mCherry/EGFP ratio, indicating that duck STING could induce autophagy. The autophagy induced by duck STING is not affected by shRNA knockdown of ATG5 expression, deletion of the C-terminal tail of STING, or TBK1 inhibitor BX795 treatment, indicating that duck STING activated non-classical selective autophagy is independent of interaction with TBK1, TBK1 phosphorylation, and interferon (IFN) signaling. The STING R235A mutant and Sar1A/B kinase mutant abolished duck STING induced autophagy, suggesting binding with cGAMP and COPII complex mediated transport are the critical prerequisite. Duck STING interacted with LC3B through LIR motifs to induce autophagy, the LIR 4/7 motif mutants of duck STING abolished the interaction with LC3B, and neither activated autophagy nor IFN expression, indicating that duck STING associates with LC3B directed autophagy and dictated innate immunity activation. Finally, we found that duck STING mediated autophagy significantly inhibited duck plague virus (DPV) infection via ubiquitously degraded viral proteins. Our study may shed light on one scenario about the control and evasion of diseases transmitted by migratory birds.","['D000818', 'D004372', 'D001343', 'D015398', 'D025922', 'D007372', 'D018138', 'D007113', 'D008565', 'D011213']"
38941608,Innate Immunity in Protection and Pathogenesis During Coronavirus Infections and COVID-19.,"The COVID-19 pandemic was caused by the recently emerged β-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 has had a catastrophic impact, resulting in nearly 7 million fatalities worldwide to date. The innate immune system is the first line of defense against infections, including the detection and response to SARS-CoV-2. Here, we discuss the innate immune mechanisms that sense coronaviruses, with a focus on SARS-CoV-2 infection and how these protective responses can become detrimental in severe cases of COVID-19, contributing to cytokine storm, inflammation, long-COVID, and other complications. We also highlight the complex cross talk among cytokines and the cellular components of the innate immune system, which can aid in viral clearance but also contribute to inflammatory cell death, cytokine storm, and organ damage in severe COVID-19 pathogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss how SARS-CoV-2 evades key protective innate immune mechanisms to enhance its virulence and pathogenicity, as well as how innate immunity can be therapeutically targeted as part of the vaccination and treatment strategy. Overall, we highlight how a comprehensive understanding of innate immune mechanisms has been crucial in the fight against SARS-CoV-2 infections and the development of novel host-directed immunotherapeutic strategies for various diseases.","['D006801', 'D007113', 'D000086382', 'D000086402', 'D000080424', 'D016207', 'D000818', 'D018352', 'D057131']"
38941606,Circadian Rhythms in Anticancer Immunity: Mechanisms and Treatment Opportunities.,"Circadian rhythms of approximately 24 h have emerged as important modulators of the immune system. These oscillations are important for mounting short-term, innate immune responses, but surprisingly also long-term, adaptive immune responses. Recent data indicate that they play a central role in antitumor immunity, in both mice and humans. In this review, we discuss the evolving literature on circadian antitumor immune responses and the underlying mechanisms that control them. We further provide an overview of circadian treatment regimens-chrono-immunotherapies-that harness time-of-day differences in immunity for optimal efficacy. Our aim is to provide an overview for researchers and clinicians alike, for a better understanding of the circadian immune system and how to best harness it for chronotherapeutic interventions. This knowledge is important for a better understanding of immune responses per se and could revolutionize the way we approach the treatment of cancer and a range of other diseases, ultimately improving clinical practice.","['D006801', 'D002940', 'D000818', 'D009369', 'D007167', 'D007113', 'D056704']"
38941605,The Multifaceted Role of Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells.,"Regionalized immune surveillance relies on the concerted efforts of diverse memory T cell populations. Of these, tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are strategically positioned in barrier tissues, where they enable efficient frontline defense against infections and cancer. However, the long-term persistence of these cells has been implicated in a variety of immune-mediated pathologies. Consequently, modulating TRM cell populations represents an attractive strategy for novel vaccination and therapeutic interventions against tissue-based diseases. Here, we provide an updated overview of TRM cell heterogeneity and function across tissues and disease states. We discuss mechanisms of TRM cell-mediated immune protection and their potential contributions to autoimmune disorders. Finally, we examine how TRM cell responses might be durably boosted or dampened for therapeutic gain.","['D006801', 'D000818', 'D007156', 'D000091246', 'D001327', 'D009928', 'D016176', 'D007157']"
38941604,Poxvirus Immune Evasion.,"Poxviruses have evolved a wide array of mechanisms to evade the immune response, and we provide an overview of the different immunomodulatory strategies. Poxviruses prevent the recognition of viral DNA that triggers the immune responses and inhibit signaling pathways within the infected cell. A unique feature of poxviruses is the production of secreted proteins that mimic cytokines and cytokine receptors, acting as decoy receptors to neutralize the activity of cytokines and chemokines. The capacity of these proteins to evade cellular immune responses by inhibiting cytokine activation is complemented by poxviruses' strategies to block natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells, often through interfering with antigen presentation pathways. Mechanisms that target complement activation are also encoded by poxviruses. Virus-encoded proteins that target immune molecules and pathways play a major role in immune modulation, and their contribution to viral pathogenesis, facilitating virus replication or preventing immunopathology, is discussed.","['D006801', 'D011212', 'D057131', 'D000818', 'D011213', 'D016207', 'D015398', 'D014764', 'D017951', 'D054884']"
38941603,Ontogeny and Function of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells.,"Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) represent a unique cell type within the innate immune system. Their defining property is the recognition of pathogen-derived nucleic acids through endosomal Toll-like receptors and the ensuing production of type I interferon and other soluble mediators, which orchestrate innate and adaptive responses. We review several aspects of pDC biology that have recently come to the fore. We discuss emerging questions regarding the lineage affiliation and origin of pDCs and argue that these cells constitute an integral part of the dendritic cell lineage. We emphasize the specific function of pDCs as innate sentinels of virus infection, particularly their recognition of and distinct response to virus-infected cells. This essential evolutionary role of pDCs has been particularly important for the control of coronaviruses, as demonstrated by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, we highlight the key contribution of pDCs to systemic lupus erythematosus, in which therapeutic targeting of pDCs is currently underway.","['D003713', 'D006801', 'D000086382', 'D000818', 'D007113', 'D000086402', 'D008180', 'D051193', 'D002454', 'D019070']"
38941480,Cytokines drive the formation of memory-like NK cell subsets via epigenetic rewiring and transcriptional regulation.,"Activation of natural killer (NK) cells with the cytokines interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-15, and IL-18 induces their differentiation into memory-like (ML) NK cells; however, the underlying epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms are unclear. By combining ATAC-seq, CITE-seq, and functional analyses, we discovered that IL-12/15/18 activation results in two main human NK fates: reprogramming into enriched memory-like (eML) NK cells or priming into effector conventional NK (effcNK) cells. eML NK cells had distinct transcriptional and epigenetic profiles and enhanced function, whereas effcNK cells resembled cytokine-primed cNK cells. Two transcriptionally discrete subsets of eML NK cells were also identified, eML-1 and eML-2, primarily arising from CD56bright or CD56dim mature NK cell subsets, respectively. Furthermore, these eML subsets were evident weeks after transfer of IL-12/15/18-activated NK cells into patients with cancer. Our findings demonstrate that NK cell activation with IL-12/15/18 results in previously unappreciated diverse cellular fates and identifies new strategies to enhance NK therapies.","['D006801', 'D007694', 'D044127', 'D007156', 'D016207', 'D005786', 'D002454', 'D019409']"
38941479,Circulating KLRG1+ long-lived effector memory T cells retain the flexibility to become tissue resident.,"KLRG1+ CD8 T cells persist for months after clearance of acute infections and maintain high levels of effector molecules, contributing protective immunity against systemic pathogens. Upon secondary infection, these long-lived effector cells (LLECs) are incapable of forming other circulating KLRG1- memory subsets such as central and effector memory T cells. Thus, KLRG1+ memory T cells are frequently referred to as a terminally differentiated population that is relatively short lived. Here, we show that after viral infection of mice, effector cells derived from LLECs rapidly enter nonlymphoid tissues and reduce pathogen burden but are largely dependent on receiving antigen cues from vascular endothelial cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that secondary memory cells in nonlymphoid tissues arising from either KLRG1+ or KLRG1- memory precursors develop a similar resident memory transcriptional signature. Thus, although LLECs cannot differentiate into other circulating memory populations, they still retain the flexibility to enter tissues and establish residency.","['D000818', 'D005260', 'D051379', 'D018414', 'D007156', 'D037181', 'D000091246', 'D008810', 'D018345', 'D011971']"
38941478,Single-cell topographical profiling of the immune synapse reveals a biomechanical signature of cytotoxicity.,"Immune cells have intensely physical lifestyles characterized by structural plasticity and force exertion. To investigate whether specific immune functions require stereotyped mechanical outputs, we used super-resolution traction force microscopy to compare the immune synapses formed by cytotoxic T cells with contacts formed by other T cell subsets and by macrophages. T cell synapses were globally compressive, which was fundamentally different from the pulling and pinching associated with macrophage phagocytosis. Spectral decomposition of force exertion patterns from each cell type linked cytotoxicity to compressive strength, local protrusiveness, and the induction of complex, asymmetric topography. These features were validated as cytotoxic drivers by genetic disruption of cytoskeletal regulators, live imaging of synaptic secretion, and in silico analysis of interfacial distortion. Synapse architecture and force exertion were sensitive to target stiffness and size, suggesting that the mechanical potentiation of killing is biophysically adaptive. We conclude that cellular cytotoxicity and, by implication, other effector responses are supported by specialized patterns of efferent force.","['D000818', 'D054992', 'D059010', 'D051379', 'D013602', 'D001696', 'D003602', 'D008264', 'D008810']"
38941212,Toll-like receptor 4-dependent innate immune responses are mediated by intracrine corticosteroids and activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β in astrocytes.,"Reactive astrocytes are important pathophysiologically and synthesize neurosteroids. We observed that LPS increased immunoreactive TLR4 and key steroidogenic enzymes in cortical astrocytes of rats and investigated whether corticosteroids are produced and mediate astrocytic TLR4-dependent innate immune responses. We found that LPS increased steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and StAR-dependent aldosterone production in purified astrocytes. Both increases were blocked by the TLR4 antagonist TAK242. LPS also increased 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) and corticosterone production, and both were prevented by TAK242 and by siRNAs against 11β-HSD1, StAR, or aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2). Knockdown of 11β-HSD1, StAR, or CYP11B2 or blocking either mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) or glucocorticoid receptors (GR) prevented dephosphorylation of p-Ser9GSK-3β, activation of NF-κB, and the GSK-3β-dependent increases of C3, IL-1β, and TNF-α caused by LPS. Exogenous aldosterone mimicked the MR- and GSK-3β-dependent pro-inflammatory effects of LPS in astrocytes, but corticosterone did not. Supernatants from astrocytes treated with LPS reduced MAP2 and viability of cultured neurons except when astrocytic StAR or MR was inhibited. In adrenalectomized rats, intracerebroventricular injection of LPS increased astrocytic TLR4, StAR, CYP11B2, and 11β-HSD1, NF-κB, C3 and IL-1β, decreased astrocytic p-Ser9GSK-3β in the cortex and was neurotoxic, except when spironolactone was co-injected, consistent with the in vitro results. LPS also activated NF-κB in some NeuN+ and CD11b+ cells in the cortex, and these effects were prevented by spironolactone. We conclude that intracrine aldosterone may be involved in the TLR4-dependent innate immune responses of astrocytes and can trigger paracrine effects by activating astrocytic MR/GSK-3β/NF-κB signaling.","['D000818', 'D001253', 'D051197', 'D007113', 'D051381', 'D000071679', 'D008070', 'D000305', 'D017207', 'D002478', 'D018161', 'D000450', 'D008297', 'D016328', 'D038362', 'D003345']"
38941138,Self-inhibiting percolation and viral spreading in epithelial tissue.,"SARS-CoV-2 induces delayed type-I/III interferon production, allowing it to escape the early innate immune response. The delay has been attributed to a deficiency in the ability of cells to sense viral replication upon infection, which in turn hampers activation of the antiviral state in bystander cells. Here, we introduce a cellular automaton model to investigate the spatiotemporal spreading of viral infection as a function of virus and host-dependent parameters. The model suggests that the considerable person-to-person heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2 infections is a consequence of high sensitivity to slight variations in biological parameters near a critical threshold. It further suggests that within-host viral proliferation can be curtailed by the presence of remarkably few cells that are primed for IFN production. Thus, the observed heterogeneity in defense readiness of cells reflects a remarkably cost-efficient strategy for protection.","['D000086402', 'D006801', 'D000086382', 'D014779', 'D007113', 'D004847', 'D007372']"
38940480,Early Graft Loss With Suspected Seventh-Day Syndrome Following Pediatric Liver Transplantation.,"Allograft dysfunction within the first week posttransplant is an uncommon but known complication following liver transplantation. Seventh-Day Syndrome (7DS) is a rare complication of allograft dysfunction following liver transplantation characterized by the rapid clinical deterioration of a formerly well-functioning allograft within the first week posttransplant. The etiology of 7DS is unknown, and treatment options remain limited. While cases of graft survival have been reported, the risk of mortality remains exceedingly high without urgent retransplantation.","['D006801', 'D016031', 'D005260', 'D013577', 'D011183', 'D012086', 'D012189', 'D006084', 'D002648', 'D002675', 'D006085', 'D055031', 'D007223']"
38940400,Washed microbiota transplantation promotes homing of group 3 innate lymphoid cells to the liver via the CXCL16/CXCR6 axis: a potential treatment for metabolic-associated fatty liver disease.,"Despite the observed decrease in liver fat associated with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in mice following fecal microbiota transplantation, the clinical effects and underlying mechanisms of washed microbiota transplantation (WMT), a refined method of fecal microbiota transplantation, for the treatment of MAFLD remain unclear. In this study, both patients and mice with MAFLD exhibit an altered gut microbiota composition. WMT increases the levels of beneficial bacteria, decreases the abundance of pathogenic bacteria, and reduces hepatic steatosis in MAFLD-affected patients and mice. Downregulation of the liver-homing chemokine receptor CXCR6 on ILC3s results in an atypical distribution of ILC3s in patients and mice with MAFLD, characterized by a significant reduction in ILC3s in the liver and an increase in ILC3s outside the liver. Moreover, disease severity is negatively correlated with the proportion of hepatic ILC3s. These hepatic ILC3s demonstrate a mitigating effect on hepatic steatosis through the release of IL-22. Mechanistically, WMT upregulates CXCR6 expression on ILC3s, thereby facilitating their migration to the liver of MAFLD mice via the CXCL16/CXCR6 axis, ultimately contributing to the amelioration of MAFLD. Overall, these findings highlight that WMT and targeting of liver-homing ILC3s could be promising strategies for the treatment of MAFLD.","['D000818', 'D000075744', 'D000075743', 'D051379', 'D000069467', 'D006801', 'D000069196', 'D008099', 'D008214', 'D008810', 'D008297', 'D007113', 'D005234', 'D000097043', 'D065626', 'D007378', 'D005260']"
38940003,"A longitudinal study on SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion, reinfection and neutralisation spanning several variant waves and vaccination campaigns, Heinsberg, Germany, April 2020 to November 2022.","BackgroundSince its emergence in December 2019, over 700 million people worldwide have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 up to May 2024. While early rollout of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 has saved many lives, there was increasing immune escape of new virus variants. Longitudinal monitoring of population-wide SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses from regular sample collection irrespective of symptoms provides representative data on infection and seroconversion/seroreversion rates.AimTo examine adaptive and cellular immune responses of a German SARS-CoV-2 outbreak cohort through several waves of infection with different virus variants.MethodsUtilising a 31-month longitudinal seroepidemiological study (n = 1,446; mean age: 50 years, range: 2-103) initiated during the first SARS-CoV-2 superspreading event (February 2020) in Heinsberg, Germany, we analysed acute infection, seroconversion and virus neutralisation at five follow-up visits between October 2020 and November 2022; cellular and cross-protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants were also examined.ResultsSARS-CoV-2 spike (S)-specific IgAs decreased shortly after infection, while IgGs remained stable. Both increased significantly after vaccination. We predict an 18-month half-life of S IgGs upon infection. Nucleocapsid (N)-specific responses declined over 12 months post-infection but increased (p < 0.0001) during Omicron. Frequencies of SARS-CoV-2-specific TNF-alpha+/IFN-gamma+ CD4+  T-cells declined over 12 months after infection (p < 0.01). SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies and neutralisation titres were highest in triple-vaccinated participants infected between April 2021 and November 2022 compared with infections between April 2020 and January 2021. Cross neutralisation against Omicron BQ.1.18 and XBB.1.5 was very low in all groups.ConclusionInfection and/or vaccination did not provide the population with cross-protection against Omicron variants.","['D006801', 'D000086402', 'D000086382', 'D000069078', 'D008137', 'D005858', 'D000914', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D057134', 'D005260', 'D000086663', 'D000368', 'D000084063', 'D016036', 'D000293', 'D055815', 'D002648', 'D002675', 'D000369', 'D014611']"
38939745,The Key to Increase Immunogenicity of Next-Generation COVID-19 Vaccines Lies in the Inclusion of the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein.,"Vaccination is one of the most effective prophylactic public health interventions for the prevention of infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Considering the ongoing need for new COVID-19 vaccines, it is crucial to modify our approach and incorporate more conserved regions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to effectively address emerging viral variants. The nucleocapsid protein is a structural protein of SARS-CoV-2 that is involved in replication and immune responses. Furthermore, this protein offers significant advantages owing to the minimal accumulation of mutations over time and the inclusion of key T-cell epitopes critical for SARS-CoV-2 immunity. A novel strategy that may be suitable for the new generation of vaccines against COVID-19 is to use a combination of antigens, including the spike and nucleocapsid proteins, to elicit robust humoral and potent cellular immune responses, along with long-lasting immunity. The strategic use of multiple antigens aims to enhance vaccine efficacy and broaden protection against viruses, including their variants. The immune response against the nucleocapsid protein from other coronavirus is long-lasting, and it can persist up to 11 years post-infection. Thus, the incorporation of nucleocapsids (N) into vaccine design adds an important dimension to vaccination efforts and holds promise for bolstering the ability to combat COVID-19 effectively. In this review, we summarize the preclinical studies that evaluated the use of the nucleocapsid protein as antigen. This study discusses the use of nucleocapsid alone and its combination with spike protein or other proteins of SARS-CoV-2.","['D006801', 'D000086663', 'D000086402', 'D000086382', 'D000086462', 'D000071497', 'D000818', 'D010750', 'D064370', 'D018984', 'D000914', 'D019590']"
38939744,Glucans: A Therapeutic Alternative for Sepsis Treatment.,"Sepsis treatment is a challenging condition due to its complexity, which involves host inflammatory responses to a severe and potentially fatal infection, associated with organ dysfunction. The aim of this study was to analyze the scientific literature on the immunomodulatory effects of glucans in a murine model of systemic infection induced by cecal ligation and puncture. This study comprises an integrative literature review based on systematic steps, with searches carried out in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases. In most studies, the main type of glucan investigated was β-glucan, at 50 mg/kg, and a reduction of inflammatory responses was identified, minimizing the occurrence of tissue damage leading to increased animal survival. Based on the data obtained and discussed in this review, glucans represent a promising biotechnological alternative to modulate the immune response and could potentially be used in the clinical management of septic individuals.","['D000818', 'D018805', 'D004195', 'D006801', 'D051379', 'D005936', 'D047071', 'D056747']"
38938877,TLR4 signalling: the key to controlling EV71 replication and inflammatory response.,"Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71) that frequently affects children, leading to severe infections in some cases. In general, when infection occurs, the body upregulates inflammatory responses to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms to protect the host from infection. However, EV71 may inhibit host's innate immunity to promote virus infection. At present, it is not fully understood how EV71 hijack the host cells for its own replication. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a natural immune receptor, historically associated with bacterial endotoxin-induced inflammatory responses. However, it is still unclear whether and how TLR4 is altered during EV71 infection. In this study, we observed a reduction in both TLR4 protein and gene transcript levels in RD, GES-1, and Vero cells following EV71 infection, as detected by RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence staining and western blot. Furthermore, we observed that the TLR4 downstream molecules of MYD88, p-NF-κB p65, p-TBK1 and related inflammatory cytokines were also reduced, suggesting that antiviral innate immune and inflammatory response were suppressed. To determine the impact of TLR4 changes on EV71 infection, we interfered EV71-infected RD cells with TLR4 agonist or inhibitor and the results showed that activation of TLR4 inhibited EV71 replication, while inhibition of TLR4 promote EV71 replication. Besides, EV71 replication was also promoted in TLR4 siRNA-transfected and EV71-infected RD cells. This suggests that down-regulation the expression of TLR4 by EV71 can inhibit host immune defense to promote EV71 self-replication. This novel mechanism may be a strategy for EV71 to evade host immunity.","['D051197', 'D029821', 'D006801', 'D014779', 'D015398', 'D000818', 'D014709', 'D002522', 'D007113', 'D054884', 'D007249', 'D053594', 'D002460', 'D017346', 'D016207', 'D016328', 'D006232']"
38938578,The function of the complement system remains fully intact throughout the course of allogeneic stem cell transplantation.,"Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is associated with immune complications and endothelial dysfunction due to intricate donor-recipient interactions, conditioning regimens, and inflammatory responses.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D018380', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D003167', 'D000328', 'D016207', 'D014184', 'D000368', 'D015470', 'D003165', 'D019172', 'D055815']"
38938576,Corticosteroid-depending effects on peripheral immune cell subsets vary according to disease modifying strategies in multiple sclerosis.,"The primary treatment for acute relapses in multiple sclerosis (MS) is the intravenous administration of high-dose methylprednisolone (IVMP). However, the mechanisms through which corticosteroid treatment impacts acute neuroinflammation in people with MS (pwMS) remain not fully understood. In particular, the changes induced by glucocorticoids (GCs) on cells of the innate immune system and the differences between patients with distinct immunotherapies have received little attention to date.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D009103', 'D000068876', 'D007113', 'D008775', 'D016130', 'D007963', 'D000305', 'D007166', 'D005938']"
38938571,The global role of G6PD in infection and immunity.,"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzymopathy in humans. G6PD is an essential enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), generating NADPH needed for cellular biosynthesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, the latter especially key in red blood cells (RBCs). Beyond the RBC, there is emerging evidence that G6PD exerts an immunologic role by virtue of its functions in leukocyte oxidative metabolism and anabolic synthesis necessary for immune effector function. We review these here, and consider the global immunometabolic role of G6PD activity and G6PD deficiency in modulating inflammation and immunopathology.","['D006801', 'D005954', 'D005955', 'D000818', 'D017382', 'D010427', 'D007109', 'D007239', 'D007249']"
38938563,BMAL2 promotes eCIRP-induced macrophage endotoxin tolerance.,"The disruption of the circadian clock is associated with inflammatory and immunological disorders. BMAL2, a critical circadian protein, forms a dimer with CLOCK, activating transcription. Extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP), released during sepsis, can induce macrophage endotoxin tolerance. We hypothesized that eCIRP induces BMAL2 expression and promotes macrophage endotoxin tolerance through triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1).","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D018805', 'D008297', 'D008810', 'D016601', 'D004731', 'D007108', 'D017737', 'D000073871', 'D018345', 'D008264', 'D056930', 'D008070', 'D004195']"
38938560,TRIM21 and Fc-engineered antibodies: decoding its complex antibody binding mode with implications for viral neutralization.,"TRIM21 is a pivotal effector in the immune system, orchestrating antibody-mediated responses and modulating immune signaling. In this comprehensive study, we focus on the interaction of TRIM21 with Fc engineered antibodies and subsequent implications for viral neutralization. Through a series of analytical techniques, including biosensor assays, mass photometry, and electron microscopy, along with structure predictions, we unravel the intricate mechanisms governing the interplay between TRIM21 and antibodies. Our investigations reveal that the TRIM21 capacity to recognize, bind, and facilitate the proteasomal degradation of antibody-coated viruses is critically dependent on the affinity and avidity interplay of its interactions with antibody Fc regions. We suggest a novel binding mechanism, where TRIM21 binding to one Fc site results in the detachment of PRYSPRY from the coiled-coil domain, enhancing mobility due to its flexible linker, thereby facilitating the engagement of the second site, resulting in avidity due to bivalent engagement. These findings shed light on the dual role of TRIM21 in antiviral immunity, both in recognizing and directing viruses for intracellular degradation, and demonstrate its potential for therapeutic exploitation. The study advances our understanding of intracellular immune responses and opens new avenues for the development of antiviral strategies and innovation in tailored effector functions designed to leverage TRIM21s unique binding mode.","['D006801', 'D012261', 'D011485', 'D057134', 'D007141', 'D015202', 'D000914', 'D000915', 'D000818']"
38938517,Association between systemic immunity-inflammation index and sex hormones in children and adolescents aged 6-19.,This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and sex hormones in children and adolescents aged 6-19 years.,"['D006801', 'D000293', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D002648', 'D012739', 'D007249', 'D055815', 'D012738', 'D009749', 'D003430', 'D015992', 'D013739', 'D004958', 'D007109']"
38937820,Evaluation of the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an inactivated vaccine candidate for sheep infected with ovine parainfluenza virus type 3.,"Respiratory diseases constitute a major health problem for ruminants, resulting in considerable economic losses throughout the world. Parainfluenza type 3 virus (PIV3) is one of the most important respiratory pathogens of ruminants. The pathogenicity and phylogenetic analyses of PIV3 virus have been reported in sheep and goats. However, there are no recent studies of the vaccination of sheep or goats against PIV3. Here, we developed a purified inactivated ovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (OPIV3) vaccine candidate. In addition, we immunized sheep with the inactivated OPIV3 vaccine and evaluated the immune response and pathological outcomes associated with OPIV3 TX01 infection. The vaccinated sheep demonstrated no obvious symptoms of respiratory tract infection, and there were no gross lesions or pathological changes in the lungs. The average body weight gain significantly differed between the vaccinated group and the control group (P < 0.01). The serum neutralization antibody levels rapidly increased in sheep post-vaccination and post-challenge with OPIV3. Furthermore, viral shedding in nasal swabs and viral loads in the lungs were reduced. The results of this study suggest that vaccination with this candidate vaccine induces the production of neutralizing antibodies and provides significant protection against OPIV3 infection. These results may be helpful for further studies on prevention and control strategies for OPIV3 infections.","['D000818', 'D012756', 'D010253', 'D015164', 'D012757', 'D014765', 'D018108', 'D000071497', 'D014611']"
38937803,Memory T-cell enriched haploidentical transplantation with NK cell addback results in promising long-term outcomes: a phase II trial.,Relapse remains a challenge after transplantation in pediatric patients with hematological malignancies. Myeloablative regimens used for disease control are associated with acute and long-term adverse effects. We used a CD45RA-depleted haploidentical graft for adoptive transfer of memory T cells combined with NK-cell addback and hypothesized that maximizing the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect might allow for reduction in intensity of conditioning regimen.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D007694', 'D002648', 'D000293', 'D000075442', 'D002675', 'D018380', 'D019172', 'D000091246', 'D019337', 'D006086', 'D007223', 'D055815', 'D000328', 'D016896', 'D020544']"
38936380,Cancer risk in people living with HIV and solid organ transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Systematic evaluations of cancer risk in people living with HIV or AIDS (PLHIV) and solid organ transplant recipients provide unique insights into the role of the immune system in cancer development. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we expand previous analyses of cancer risk for these two immunocompromised populations.","['D006801', 'D016377', 'D015658', 'D009369', 'D015994', 'D066027', 'D016867', 'D012307', 'D018570', 'D005260', 'D008297']"
38935910,Features and global impact of invasive fungal infections caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii: A systematic review to inform the World Health Organization fungal priority pathogens list.,"This systematic review evaluates the current global impact of invasive infections caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii (principally pneumonia: PJP), and was carried out to inform the World Health Organization Fungal Priority Pathogens List. PubMed and Web of Science were used to find studies reporting mortality, inpatient care, complications/sequelae, antifungal susceptibility/resistance, preventability, annual incidence, global distribution, and emergence in the past 10 years, published from January 2011 to February 2021. Reported mortality is highly variable, depending on the patient population: In studies of persons with HIV, mortality was reported at 5%-30%, while in studies of persons without HIV, mortality ranged from 4% to 76%. Risk factors for disease principally include immunosuppression from HIV, but other types of immunosuppression are increasingly recognised, including solid organ and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, autoimmune and inflammatory disease, and chemotherapy for cancer. Although prophylaxis is available and generally effective, burdensome side effects may lead to discontinuation. After a period of decline associated with improvement in access to HIV treatment, new risk groups of immunosuppressed patients with PJP are increasingly identified, including solid organ transplant patients.","['D006801', 'D045363', 'D000072742', 'D014944', 'D016867', 'D012307', 'D014943', 'D011020', 'D000935', 'D015994']"
38935903,Histoplasmosis: A systematic review to inform the World Health Organization of a fungal priority pathogens list.,"Histoplasmosis, a significant mycosis primarily prevalent in Africa, North and South America, with emerging reports globally, poses notable health challenges, particularly in immunocompromised individuals such as people living with HIV/AIDS and organ transplant recipients. This systematic review, aimed at informing the World Health Organization's Fungal Priority Pathogens List, critically examines literature from 2011 to 2021 using PubMed and Web of Science, focusing on the incidence, mortality, morbidity, antifungal resistance, preventability, and distribution of Histoplasma. We also found a high prevalence (22%-44%) in people living with HIV, with mortality rates ranging from 21% to 53%. Despite limited data, the prevalence of histoplasmosis seems stable, with lower estimates in Europe. Complications such as central nervous system disease, pulmonary issues, and lymphoedema due to granuloma or sclerosis are noted, though their burden remains uncertain. Antifungal susceptibility varies, particularly against fluconazole (MIC: ≥32 mg/l) and caspofungin (MICs: 4-32 mg/l), while resistance to amphotericin B (MIC: 0.125-0.16 mg/l), itraconazole (MICs: 0.004-0.125 mg/l), and voriconazole (MICs: 0.004-0.125 mg/l) remains low. This review identifies critical knowledge gaps, underlining the need for robust, globally representative surveillance systems to better understand and combat this fungal threat.","['D006801', 'D006660', 'D000935', 'D014944', 'D025141', 'D006658', 'D015995', 'D016867']"
38935839,"HLA-mismatched allogeneic adoptive immune therapy in patients with severely immunosuppressed AIDS: a multicenter, open-label, controlled, phase 2a study.","Recurrent opportunistic infections (OIs) in patients with severely immunosuppressed AIDS remain an unresolved medical challenge despite advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART). To address this gap, we developed an HLA-mismatched allogeneic adoptive immune therapy (AAIT) specifically targeting this patient population. The safety and efficacy of this novel therapeutic approach were preliminarily confirmed in our phase 1 trial. Subsequently, a multicenter, open-label, controlled, phase 2a trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of AAIT in combination with ART compared with the conventional ART-only regimen. No difference in the incidence of adverse events (AEs) was observed between the two groups at the 96-week follow-up. AAIT treatment improved CD4+ T cell recovery at weeks 72 (P = 0.048) and 96 (P = 0.024) compared to the Control Group. Additionally, stratified analysis of patients in the AAIT Group showed that donor/recipient sex mismatch was significantly associated with the likelihood of patients achieving an immunological response (OR = 8.667; 95% CI, 2.010-37.377; P = 0.004). These findings suggest that AAIT serves as a promising adjunct therapy for improving the outcomes of patients with severely immunosuppressed AIDS. Further studies are needed to elucidate the immunological mechanisms underlying AAIT and identify the subpopulations that respond optimally to this therapeutic approach. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04098770).Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04098770.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02651376.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D016219', 'D016867', 'D006680', 'D000163', 'D016896', 'D017088', 'D014184', 'D015496', 'D018791']"
38935768,Interactions between Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides and bovine macrophages under physiological conditions.,"We investigated the interactions of unopsonized and opsonized Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) with bovine macrophages in vitro. Mmm survived and proliferated extracellularly on bovine macrophage cell layers in the absence of Mmm-specific antisera. Bovine complement used at non-bactericidal concentrations did neither have opsonizing effect nor promoted intracellular survival, whereas Mmm-specific antisera substantially increased phagocytosis and Mmm killing. A phagocytosis-independent uptake of Mmm by macrophages occurred at a high multiplicity of infection, also found to induce the production of TNF, and both responses were unaffected by non-bactericidal doses of bovine complement. Bovine complement used at higher doses killed Mmm in cell-free cultures and completely abrogated TNF responses by macrophages. These results provide a framework to identify Mmm antigens involved in interactions with macrophages and targeted by potentially protective antibodies and point towards a pivotal role of complement in the control of inflammatory responses in contagious bovine pleuropneumonia.","['D000818', 'D002417', 'D008264', 'D010587', 'D003165', 'D009174', 'D014409', 'D011002', 'D009176']"
38952345,Association Between Economic Activity and Depressive Symptoms Among Women With Parenting Children.,"Balancing parenting and work life poses challenges for women with children, potentially making them vulnerable to depression owing to their dual responsibilities. Investigating working mothers' mental health status is important on both the individual and societal levels. This study aimed to explore the relationship between economic activity participation and depressive symptoms among working mothers.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D003863', 'D000328', 'D003430', 'D056910', 'D009035', 'D016487', 'D055815', 'D008875', 'D009749', 'D016017', 'D016015', 'D002648', 'D014931']"
38951912,"Diagnostic performance of an ultra-sensitive RDT and a conventional RDT in malaria mass testing, treatment and tracking interventions in southern Ghana.","Application of numerous malaria control interventions has led to reduction in clinical malaria cases and deaths but also the realisation that asymptomatic parasite carriers play a key role in sustaining transmission. This study assessed the effectiveness of using the Ultra-sensitive NxTek eliminate RDT (uRDT) and conventional SD Bioline HRP2 RDT (cRDT) in diagnosing asymptomatic parasitaemia while measuring the impact of mass testing, treatment and tracking (MTTT) on the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria over a 1-year period in Ghana.","['D005869', 'D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D012680', 'D000328', 'D000293', 'D002675', 'D055815', 'D002648', 'D003955', 'D018512', 'D016778', 'D008875', 'D008288', 'D010963', 'D015995', 'D008403', 'D007223']"
38951896,Comprehensive investigation of malignant epithelial cell-related genes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: development of a prognostic signature and exploration of tumor microenvironment interactions.,"Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a prevalent malignancy with complex heterogeneity within epithelial cells, which plays a crucial role in tumor progression and immune regulation. Yet, the clinical importance of the malignant epithelial cell-related genes (MECRGs) in ccRCC remains insufficiently understood. This research aims to undertake a comprehensive investigation into the functions and clinical relevance of malignant epithelial cell-related genes in ccRCC, providing valuable understanding of the molecular mechanisms and offering potential targets for treatment strategies. Using data from single-cell sequencing, we successfully identified 219 MECRGs and established a prognostic model MECRGS (MECRGs' signature) by synergistically analyzing 101 machine-learning models using 10 different algorithms. Remarkably, the MECRGS demonstrated superior predictive performance compared to traditional clinical features and 92 previously published signatures across six cohorts, showcasing its independence and accuracy. Upon stratifying patients into high- and low-MECRGS subgroups using the specified cut-off threshold, we noted that patients with elevated MECRGS scores displayed characteristics of an immune suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and showed worse outcomes after immunotherapy. Additionally, we discovered a distinct ccRCC tumor cell subtype characterized by the high expressions of PLOD2 (procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2) and SAA1 (Serum Amyloid A1), which we further validated in the Renji tissue microarray (TMA) cohort. Lastly, 'Cellchat' revealed potential crosstalk patterns between these cells and other cell types, indicating their potential role in recruiting CD163 + macrophages and regulatory T cells (Tregs), thereby establishing an immunosuppressive TME. PLOD2 + SAA1 + cancer cells with intricate crosstalk patterns indeed show promise for potential therapeutic interventions.","['D006801', 'D002292', 'D059016', 'D007680', 'D011379', 'D015972', 'D004847', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D020869', 'D000069550']"
38951831,Real-time non-invasive hemoglobin prediction using deep learning-enabled smartphone imaging.,"Accurate measurement of hemoglobin concentration is essential for various medical scenarios, including preoperative evaluations and determining blood loss. Traditional invasive methods are inconvenient and not suitable for rapid, point-of-care testing. Moreover, current models, due to their complex parameters, are not well-suited for mobile medical settings, which limits the ability to conduct frequent and rapid testing. This study aims to introduce a novel, compact, and efficient system that leverages deep learning and smartphone technology to accurately estimate hemoglobin levels, thereby facilitating rapid and accessible medical assessments.","['D006801', 'D000068997', 'D000077321', 'D006454', 'D008875', 'D008297', 'D063731', 'D005260']"
38951630,Classification of rotation-invariant biomedical images using equivariant neural networks.,"Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is an imaging technique used to visualize and analyze nano-sized structures and objects such as virus particles. Light microscopy can be used to diagnose diseases or characterize e.g. blood cells. Since samples under microscopes exhibit certain symmetries, such as global rotation invariance, equivariant neural networks are presumed to be useful. In this study, a baseline convolutional neural network is constructed in the form of the commonly used VGG16 classifier. Thereafter, it is modified to be equivariant to the p4 symmetry group of rotations of multiples of 90° using group convolutions. This yields a number of benefits on a TEM virus dataset, including higher top validation set accuracy by on average 7.6% and faster convergence during training by on average 23.1% of that of the baseline. Similarly, when training and testing on images of blood cells, the convergence time for the equivariant neural network is 7.9% of that of the baseline. From this it is concluded that augmentation strategies for rotation can be skipped. Furthermore, when modelling the accuracy versus amount of TEM virus training data with a power law, the equivariant network has a slope of - 0.43 compared to - 0.26 of the baseline. Thus the equivariant network learns faster than the baseline when more training data is added. This study extends previous research on equivariant neural networks applied to images which exhibit symmetries to isometric transformations.","['D016571', 'D046529', 'D007091', 'D000465', 'D012399', 'D006801']"
38951578,PowerNovo: de novo peptide sequencing via tandem mass spectrometry using an ensemble of transformer and BERT models.,"The primary objective of analyzing the data obtained in a mass spectrometry-based proteomic experiment is peptide and protein identification, or correct assignment of the tandem mass spectrum to one amino acid sequence. Comparison of empirical fragment spectra with the theoretical predicted one or matching with the collected spectra library are commonly accepted strategies of proteins identification and defining of their amino acid sequences. Although these approaches are widely used and are appreciably efficient for the well-characterized model organisms or measured proteins, they cannot detect novel peptide sequences that have not been previously annotated or are rare. This study presents PowerNovo tool for de novo sequencing of proteins using tandem mass spectra acquired in a variety of types of mass analyzers and different fragmentation techniques. PowerNovo involves an ensemble of models for peptide sequencing: model for detecting regularities in tandem mass spectra, precursors, and fragment ions and a natural language processing model, which has a function of peptide sequence quality assessment and helps with reconstruction of noisy sequences. The results of testing showed that the performance of PowerNovo is comparable and even better than widely utilized PointNovo, DeepNovo, Casanovo, and Novor packages. Also, PowerNovo provides complete cycle of processing (pipeline) of mass spectrometry data and, along with predicting the peptide sequence, involves the peptide assembly and protein inference blocks.","['D053719', 'D020539', 'D010455', 'D000595', 'D012984', 'D040901', 'D000465']"
38951567,Machine learning identifies prognostic subtypes of the tumor microenvironment of NSCLC.,"The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a fundamental role in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and anti-cancer immunity potential of emerging cancer therapeutics. Understanding inter-patient TME heterogeneity, however, remains a challenge to efficient drug development. This article applies recent advances in machine learning (ML) for survival analysis to a retrospective study of NSCLC patients who received definitive surgical resection and immune pathology following surgery. ML methods are compared for their effectiveness in identifying prognostic subtypes. Six survival models, including Cox regression and five survival machine learning methods, were calibrated and applied to predict survival for NSCLC patients based on PD-L1 expression, CD3 expression, and ten baseline patient characteristics. Prognostic subregions of the biomarker space are delineated for each method using synthetic patient data augmentation and compared between models for overall survival concordance. A total of 423 NSCLC patients (46% female; median age [inter quantile range]: 67 [60-73]) treated with definite surgical resection were included in the study. And 219 (52%) patients experienced events during the observation period consisting of a maximum follow-up of 10 years and median follow up 78 months. The random survival forest (RSF) achieved the highest predictive accuracy, with a C-index of 0.84. The resultant biomarker subtypes demonstrate that patients with high PD-L1 expression combined with low CD3 counts experience higher risk of death within five-years of surgical resection.","['D006801', 'D002289', 'D059016', 'D000069550', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D008175', 'D011379', 'D012189', 'D014408', 'D060890', 'D016019']"
38951555,De novo atomic protein structure modeling for cryoEM density maps using 3D transformer and HMM.,"Accurately building 3D atomic structures from cryo-EM density maps is a crucial step in cryo-EM-based protein structure determination. Converting density maps into 3D atomic structures for proteins lacking accurate homologous or predicted structures as templates remains a significant challenge. Here, we introduce Cryo2Struct, a fully automated de novo cryo-EM structure modeling method. Cryo2Struct utilizes a 3D transformer to identify atoms and amino acid types in cryo-EM density maps, followed by an innovative Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to connect predicted atoms and build protein backbone structures. Cryo2Struct produces substantially more accurate and complete protein structural models than the widely used ab initio method Phenix. Additionally, its performance in building atomic structural models is robust against changes in the resolution of density maps and the size of protein structures.","['D020285', 'D008958', 'D011487', 'D011506', 'D008390', 'D000465', 'D012984']"
38951549,Revisiting the evolution of bow-tie architecture in signaling networks.,"Bow-tie architecture is a layered network structure that has a narrow middle layer with multiple inputs and outputs. Such structures are widely seen in the molecular networks in cells, suggesting that a universal evolutionary mechanism underlies the emergence of bow-tie architecture. The previous theoretical studies have implemented evolutionary simulations of the feedforward network to satisfy a given input-output goal and proposed that the bow-tie architecture emerges when the ideal input-output relation is given as a rank-deficient matrix with mutations in network link intensities in a multiplicative manner. Here, we report that the bow-tie network inevitably appears when the link intensities representing molecular interactions are small at the initial condition of the evolutionary simulation, regardless of the rank of the goal matrix. Our dynamical system analysis clarifies the mechanisms underlying the emergence of the bow-tie structure. Further, we demonstrate that the increase in the input-output matrix reduces the width of the middle layer, resulting in the emergence of bow-tie architecture, even when evolution starts from large link intensities. Our data suggest that bow-tie architecture emerges as a side effect of evolution rather than as a result of evolutionary adaptation.","['D015398', 'D003198', 'D005075', 'D008954', 'D000465', 'D019143', 'D049490', 'D009154']"
38951526,Multi-branch CNN and grouping cascade attention for medical image classification.,"Visual Transformers(ViT) have made remarkable achievements in the field of medical image analysis. However, ViT-based methods have poor classification results on some small-scale medical image classification datasets. Meanwhile, many ViT-based models sacrifice computational cost for superior performance, which is a great challenge in practical clinical applications. In this paper, we propose an efficient medical image classification network based on an alternating mixture of CNN and Transformer tandem, which is called Eff-CTNet. Specifically, the existing ViT-based method still mainly relies on multi-head self-attention (MHSA). Among them, the attention maps of MHSA are highly similar, which leads to computational redundancy. Therefore, we propose a group cascade attention (GCA) module to split the feature maps, which are provided to different attention heads to further improves the diversity of attention and reduce the computational cost. In addition, we propose an efficient CNN (EC) module to enhance the ability of the model and extract the local detail information in medical images. Finally, we connect them and design an efficient hybrid medical image classification network, namely Eff-CTNet. Extensive experimental results show that our Eff-CTNet achieves advanced classification performance with less computational cost on three public medical image classification datasets.","['D016571', 'D006801', 'D007091', 'D000465', 'D003952', 'D007090']"
38951288,Evaluation of deep learning algorithms in detecting moyamoya disease: a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis.,"The diagnosis of Moyamoya disease (MMD) relies heavily on imaging, which could benefit from standardized machine learning tools. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of deep learning (DL) algorithms for MMD by analyzing sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve (AUC) compared to expert consensus. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for articles published from inception to February 2024. Eligible studies were required to report diagnostic accuracy metrics such as sensitivity, specificity, and AUC, excluding those not in English or using traditional machine learning methods. Seven studies were included, comprising a sample of 4,416 patients, of whom 1,358 had MMD. The pooled sensitivity for common and random effects models was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.85 to 0.92) and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85 to 0.96), respectively. The pooled specificity was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.86 to 0.91) in the common effects model and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.75 to 0.97) in the random effects model. Two studies reported the AUC alongside their confidence intervals. A meta-analysis synthesizing these findings aggregated a mean AUC of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.92 to 0.96) for common effects and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.76 to 1.02) for random effects models. Deep learning models significantly enhance the diagnosis of MMD by efficiently extracting and identifying complex image patterns with high sensitivity and specificity. Trial registration: CRD42024524998 https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/displayrecord.php?RecordID=524998.","['D009072', 'D006801', 'D000077321', 'D000465', 'D012680']"
38951257,Prey group defense and hunting cooperation among generalist-predators induce complex dynamics: a mathematical study.,"Group defense in prey and hunting cooperation in predators are two important ecological phenomena and can occur concurrently. In this article, we consider cooperative hunting in generalist predators and group defense in prey under a mathematical framework to comprehend the enormous diversity the model could capture. To do so, we consider a modified Holling-Tanner model where we implement Holling type IV functional response to characterize grazing pattern of predators where prey species exhibit group defense. Additionally, we allow a modification in the attack rate of predators to quantify the hunting cooperation among them. The model admits three boundary equilibria and up to three coexistence equilibrium points. The geometry of the nontrivial prey and predator nullclines and thus the number of coexistence equilibria primarily depends on a specific threshold of the availability of alternative food for predators. We use linear stability analysis to determine the types of hyperbolic equilibrium points and characterize the non-hyperbolic equilibrium points through normal form and center manifold theory. Change in the model parameters leading to the occurrences of a series of local bifurcations from non-hyperbolic equilibrium points, namely, transcritical, saddle-node, Hopf, cusp and Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation; there are also occurrences of global bifurcations such as homoclinic bifurcation and saddle-node bifurcation of limit cycles. We observe two interesting closed 'bubble' form induced by global bifurcations due to change in the strength of hunting cooperation and the availability of alternative food for predators. A three dimensional bifurcation diagram, concerning the original system parameters, captures how the alternation in model formulation induces gradual changes in the bifurcation scenarios. Our model highlights the stabilizing effects of group or gregarious behaviour in both prey and predator, hence supporting the predator-herbivore regulation hypothesis. Additionally, our model highlights the occurrence of ""saltatory equilibria"" in ecological systems and capture the dynamics observed for lion-herbivore interactions.","['D011235', 'D000818', 'D008954', 'D020387', 'D011157', 'D055641', 'D017753', 'D003299', 'D003198', 'D060434', 'D016014']"
38950989,Hepatitis C risk score as a tool to identify individuals with HCV infection: a demonstration and cross-sectional epidemiological study in Egypt.,"Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection poses a global health challenge. By the end of 2021, the WHO estimated that less than a quarter of global HCV infections had been diagnosed. There is a need for a public health tool that can facilitate the identification of people with HCV infection and link them to testing and treatment, and that can be customised for each country.","['D006801', 'D004534', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D003430', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D006526', 'D055815', 'D018570', 'D000293', 'D012307', 'D016015', 'D000368', 'D012680']"
38950987,Comparing performance of primary care clinicians in the interpretation of SPIROmetry with or without Artificial Intelligence Decision support software (SPIRO-AID): a protocol for a randomised controlled trial.,"Spirometry is a point-of-care lung function test that helps support the diagnosis and monitoring of chronic lung disease. The quality and interpretation accuracy of spirometry is variable in primary care. This study aims to evaluate whether artificial intelligence (AI) decision support software improves the performance of primary care clinicians in the interpretation of spirometry, against reference standard (expert interpretation).","['D006801', 'D013147', 'D001185', 'D011320', 'D016032', 'D012984', 'D006113', 'D020000']"
38950549,[SOP Leading symptom: flank pain].,"In addition to triggers such as ureteral stones or pyelonephritis, the common symptom of flank pain can be associated with a whole range of conditions. This SOP is intended to give doctors in the emergency department an overview of the possible causes. Based on medical history, clincal examination including sonography and laboratory diagnostics, important differential diagnoses are addressed and an imaging algorithm is presented.","['D006801', 'D021501', 'D003937', 'D014463', 'D000465']"
38950055,Probability density and information entropy of machine learning derived intracranial pressure predictions.,"Even with the powerful statistical parameters derived from the Extreme Gradient Boost (XGB) algorithm, it would be advantageous to define the predicted accuracy to the level of a specific case, particularly when the model output is used to guide clinical decision-making. The probability density function (PDF) of the derived intracranial pressure predictions enables the computation of a definite integral around a point estimate, representing the event's probability within a range of values. Seven hold-out test cases used for the external validation of an XGB model underwent retinal vascular pulse and intracranial pressure measurement using modified photoplethysmography and lumbar puncture, respectively. The definite integral ±1 cm water from the median (DIICP) demonstrated a negative and highly significant correlation (-0.5213±0.17, p< 0.004) with the absolute difference between the measured and predicted median intracranial pressure (DiffICPmd). The concordance between the arterial and venous probability density functions was estimated using the two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic, extending the distribution agreement across all data points. This parameter showed a statistically significant and positive correlation (0.4942±0.18, p< 0.001) with DiffICPmd. Two cautionary subset cases (Case 8 and Case 9), where disagreement was observed between measured and predicted intracranial pressure, were compared to the seven hold-out test cases. Arterial predictions from both cautionary subset cases converged on a uniform distribution in contrast to all other cases where distributions converged on either log-normal or closely related skewed distributions (gamma, logistic, beta). The mean±standard error of the arterial DIICP from cases 8 and 9 (3.83±0.56%) was lower compared to that of the hold-out test cases (14.14±1.07%) the between group difference was statistically significant (p<0.03). Although the sample size in this analysis was limited, these results support a dual and complementary analysis approach from independently derived retinal arterial and venous non-invasive intracranial pressure predictions. Results suggest that plotting the PDF and calculating the lower order moments, arterial DIICP, and the two sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic may provide individualized predictive accuracy parameters.","['D006801', 'D007427', 'D000069550', 'D011336', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000465', 'D000328', 'D008875']"
38950034,Topology degree results on a G-ABC implicit fractional differential equation under three-point boundary conditions.,"This research manuscript aims to study a novel implicit differential equation in the non-singular fractional derivatives sense, namely Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo ([Formula: see text]) of arbitrary orders belonging to the interval (2, 3] with respect to another positive and increasing function. The major results of the existence and uniqueness are investigated by utilizing the Banach and topology degree theorems. The stability of the Ulam-Hyers ([Formula: see text]) type is analyzed by employing the topics of nonlinear analysis. Finally, two examples are constructed and enhanced with some special cases as well as illustrative graphics for checking the influence of major outcomes.","['D000465', 'D008962', 'D017711']"
38951811,T. gondii excretory proteins promote the osteogenic differentiation of human bone mesenchymal stem cells via the BMP/Smad signaling pathway.,"Bone defects, resulting from substantial bone loss that exceeds the natural self-healing capacity, pose significant challenges to current therapeutic approaches due to various limitations. In the quest for alternative therapeutic strategies, bone tissue engineering has emerged as a promising avenue. Notably, excretory proteins from Toxoplasma gondii (TgEP), recognized for their immunogenicity and broad spectrum of biological activities secreted or excreted during the parasite's lifecycle, have been identified as potential facilitators of osteogenic differentiation in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Building on our previous findings that TgEP can enhance osteogenic differentiation, this study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect and assessed its therapeutic potential in vivo.","['D059630', 'D010012', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D015398', 'D002454', 'D017207', 'D008297', 'D014122', 'D051381', 'D051785', 'D015800', 'D019485', 'D002478']"
38951618,Improving adjustment to daylight saving time transitions with light.,"Daylight saving time (DST) is currently utilized in many countries with the rationale that it enhances the alignment between daylight hours and activity peaks in the population. The act of transitioning into and out of DST introduces disruptions to the circadian rhythm, thereby impacting sleep and overall health. Despite the substantial number of individuals affected, the consequences of this circadian disruption have often been overlooked. Here, we employ a mathematical model of the human circadian pacemaker to elucidate how the biological clock interacts with daytime and evening exposures to both natural and electrical light. This interaction plays a crucial role in determining the adaptation to the 1 hour time zone shift imposed by the transition to or from DST. In global discussions about DST, there is a prevailing assumption that individuals easily adjust to DST transitions despite a few studies indicating that the human circadian system requires several days to fully adjust to a DST transition. Our study highlights that evening light exposure changes can be the main driving force for re-entrainment, with chronobiological models predicting that people with longer intrinsic period (i.e. later chronotype) entrain more slowly to transitions to or from DST as compared to people with a shorter intrinsic period (earlier chronotype). Moreover, the model forecasts large inter-individual differences in the adaptation speed, in particular during the spring transition. The predictions derived from our model offer circadian biology-based recommendations for light exposure strategies that facilitate a more rapid adaptation to DST-related transitions or travel across a single time zone. As such, our study contributes valuable insights to the ongoing discourse on DST and its implications for human circadian rhythms.","['D006801', 'D002940', 'D017440', 'D008027', 'D012890', 'D008962', 'D000222', 'D001683', 'D057906', 'D008954']"
38950019,High prevalence of long-term olfactory disorders in healthcare workers after COVID-19: A case-control study.,"More than a year after recovering from COVID-19, a large proportion of individuals, many of whom work in the healthcare sector, still report olfactory dysfunctions. However, olfactory dysfunction was common already before the COVID-19 pandemic, making it necessary to also consider the existing baseline prevalence of olfactory dysfunction. To establish the adjusted prevalence of COVID-19 related olfactory dysfunction, we assessed smell function in healthcare workers who had contracted COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic using psychophysical testing.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D006282', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000857', 'D000328', 'D015995', 'D016022', 'D008875', 'D000086402', 'D012903']"
38949862,Exploring Relations Between Unique Patient Characteristics and Virtual Reality Immersion Level on Anxiety and Pain in Patients Undergoing Venipuncture: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Control Trial.,Virtual reality (VR) is a well-researched digital intervention that has been used for managing acute pain and anxiety in pediatric patients undergoing various medical procedures. This study focuses on investigating the role of unique patient characteristics and VR immersion level on the effectiveness of VR for managing pediatric pain and anxiety during venipuncture.,"['D006801', 'D000293', 'D018962', 'D002648', 'D001007', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D055815', 'D000076142', 'D010146', 'D059408']"
38949655,Heparan sulfate-dependent phase separation of CCL5 and its chemotactic activity.,"Secreted chemokines form concentration gradients in target tissues to control migratory directions and patterns of immune cells in response to inflammatory stimulation; however, how the gradients are formed is much debated. Heparan sulfate (HS) binds to chemokines and modulates their activities. In this study, we investigated the roles of HS in the gradient formation and chemoattractant activity of CCL5 that is known to bind to HS. CCL5 and heparin underwent liquid-liquid phase separation and formed gradient, which was confirmed using CCL5 immobilized on heparin-beads. The biological implication of HS in CCL5 gradient formation was established in CHO-K1 (wild-type) and CHO-677 (lacking HS) cells by Transwell assay. The effect of HS on CCL5 chemoattractant activity was further proved by Transwell assay of human peripheral blood cells. Finally, peritoneal injection of the chemokines into mice showed reduced recruitment of inflammatory cells either by mutant CCL5 (lacking heparin-binding sequence) or by addition of heparin to wild-type CCL5. Our experimental data propose that co-phase separation of CCL5 with HS establishes a specific chemokine concentration gradient to trigger directional cell migration. The results warrant further investigation on other heparin-binding chemokines and allows for a more elaborate insight into disease process and new treatment strategies.","['D018946', 'D000818', 'D006497', 'D006801', 'D003412', 'D016466', 'D051379', 'D002633', 'D006493', 'D000095496']"
38948514,Evaluation of bone marrow glucose uptake and adiposity in male rats after diet and exercise interventions.,Obesity impairs bone marrow (BM) glucose metabolism. Adult BM constitutes mostly of adipocytes that respond to changes in energy metabolism by modulating their morphology and number. Here we evaluated whether diet or exercise intervention could improve the high-fat diet (HFD) associated impairment in BM glucose uptake (BMGU) and whether this associates with the morphology of BM adipocytes (BMAds) in rats.,"['D000818', 'D008297', 'D017207', 'D051381', 'D050154', 'D059305', 'D010805', 'D001853', 'D005947', 'D009765', 'D017667']"
38947492,"Modeling the contribution of theta-gamma coupling to sequential memory, imagination, and dreaming.","Gamma oscillations nested in a theta rhythm are observed in the hippocampus, where are assumed to play a role in sequential episodic memory, i.e., memorization and retrieval of events that unfold in time. In this work, we present an original neurocomputational model based on neural masses, which simulates the encoding of sequences of events in the hippocampus and subsequent retrieval by exploiting the theta-gamma code. The model is based on a three-layer structure in which individual Units oscillate with a gamma rhythm and code for individual features of an episode. The first layer (working memory in the prefrontal cortex) maintains a cue in memory until a new signal is presented. The second layer (CA3 cells) implements an auto-associative memory, exploiting excitatory and inhibitory plastic synapses to recover an entire episode from a single feature. Units in this layer are disinhibited by a theta rhythm from an external source (septum or Papez circuit). The third layer (CA1 cells) implements a hetero-associative net with the previous layer, able to recover a sequence of episodes from the first one. During an encoding phase, simulating high-acetylcholine levels, the network is trained with Hebbian (synchronizing) and anti-Hebbian (desynchronizing) rules. During retrieval (low-acetylcholine), the network can correctly recover sequences from an initial cue using gamma oscillations nested inside the theta rhythm. Moreover, in high noise, the network isolated from the environment simulates a mind-wandering condition, randomly replicating previous sequences. Interestingly, in a state simulating sleep, with increased noise and reduced synapses, the network can ""dream"" by creatively combining sequences, exploiting features shared by different episodes. Finally, an irrational behavior (erroneous superimposition of features in various episodes, like ""delusion"") occurs after pathological-like reduction in fast inhibitory synapses. The model can represent a straightforward and innovative tool to help mechanistically understand the theta-gamma code in different mental states.","['D065818', 'D013826', 'D006801', 'D008959', 'D007092', 'D008568', 'D006624', 'D016571', 'D000818']"
38946515,Precise jaw relation recorder: An innovative device for prosthodontic rehabilitation.,"The orchestration of jaw relations in edentulous scenarios poses a significant challenge, demanding acumen, and expertise from the clinician. A myriad of devices, substances, and methodologies are employed to gauge the transverse, vertical, and horizontal spectrums of jaw relations. Traditionally, a synthesis of assorted devices and techniques has been requisitioned to chronicle the spatial dynamics between the maxilla and mandible. Yet, the absence of a solitary apparatus capable of concurrently documenting the triad of jaw relations has been a notable lacuna in prosthodontic rehabilitation.","['D006801', 'D007574', 'D011476', 'D003766']"
38945583,Creating similar food boluses as that in vivo using a novel in vitro bio-inspired oral mastication simulator (iBOMS-Ⅲ): The cases with cooked rice and roasted peanuts.,"Food bolus is the major outcome of oral processing of foods. Its structure and properties are crucial for safe swallowing and subsequent gastric digestion. However, collecting the ready-to-swallow bolus for further analysis in either normal or deficient human subjects is difficult, regulatorily or practically. Here, a novel in vitro bio-inspired oral mastication simulator (iBOMS-Ⅲ) was developed to be capable of replicating food boluses comparable to those in vivo. Cooked rice and roasted peanuts were used as the model foods (soft and hard) respectively. Particle size distribution, moisture content and rheology of the food boluses produced in the iBOMS-Ⅲ were assessed. A conventional food blender was also employed as a non-consequential comparation. Eighteen healthy young volunteers of the ages from 20-30 years (10 male and 8 female) were invited to provide the in vivo data. For cooked rice boluses produced by the iBOMS-Ⅲ with 10, 12, 14, and 20 chewing number of cycles, the moisture content exhibited minimal variation (68.3-68.8 wt%), aligning closely with values obtained from the average value of the human subjects (67.5 wt%). Similarly, the boluses from roasted peanut displayed similar moisture contents across masticatory number of cycles (36, 40, and 44 number of cycles), averaging at 35.3 %, mirroring the average in vivo results (33.8 wt%). Furthermore, the shear viscosity of both cooked rice and roasted peanut boluses exhibited minimal variations with iBOMS-Ⅲ chewing number of cycles. The particle size distributions of the boluses produced with 14 and 44 chewing number of cycles matched well with the in vivo data for cooked rice and roasted peanuts, with median particle size (d50) being 1.07 and 0.78 mm, respectively. The physical properties of the food boluses collected from the food blender, with varying grinding times, differed significantly. This study demonstrates the value of the iBOMS-Ⅲ in achieving realistic boluses with two very different food textures.","['D008409', 'D012275', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D055815', 'D005260', 'D010367', 'D010316', 'D003296', 'D012212', 'D003679', 'D004063']"
38945564,Role of particle size in modulating starch digestibility and textural properties in a rye bread model system.,"In cereal products, the use of flour containing clusters of intact cells has been indicated as a potential strategy to decrease starch digestion. Rye possesses more uniform and thicker cell walls than wheat but its protective effect against starch digestion has not been elucidated. In this study, rye flours with three different particle sizes, large (LF) (∼1700 μm), medium (MF) (∼1200 μm), and small (SF) (∼350 μm), were used to produce model bread. The textural properties of these breads were analysed using Textural Profile Analysis (TPA). The starch digestibility of both the flour and the bread was measured using Englyst's method, while the presence of intact cell clusters was examined using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Additionally, the disintegration of bread digesta during simulated digestion was assessed through image analysis. CLSM micrographs revealed that bread made with MF and LF retained clusters of intact cells after processing, whereas bread made with SF showed damaged cell walls. Starch digestibility in LF and MF was lower (p ≤ 0.05) than that in SF. Bread produced with MF and LF exhibited the least (p ≤ 0.05) cohesive and resilient texture, disintegrated more during digestion, and exhibited higher starch digestibility (p ≤ 0.05) than bread made with SF. These results highlight the central role of bread texture on in vitro starch digestibility.","['D001939', 'D013213', 'D012434', 'D010316', 'D005433', 'D004063', 'D005511', 'D018613', 'D002473']"
38938420,"Saline volume required to achieve peristaltic intraluminal pressure during leak testing of canine colotomies, using two methods of luminal occlusion.",No studies have appeared in the literature evaluating the intraluminal volume of injected saline in the canine colon for performing leak tests in colotomy incisions.,"['D000818', 'D004285', 'D000077330', 'D003106', 'D002102', 'D011312', 'D010528']"
38937485,NPY-mediated synaptic plasticity in the extended amygdala prioritizes feeding during starvation.,"Efficient control of feeding behavior requires the coordinated adjustment of complex motivational and affective neurocircuits. Neuropeptides from energy-sensing hypothalamic neurons are potent feeding modulators, but how these endogenous signals shape relevant circuits remains unclear. Here, we examine how the orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY) adapts GABAergic inputs to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). We find that fasting increases synaptic connectivity between agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-expressing 'hunger' and BNST neurons, a circuit that promotes feeding. In contrast, GABAergic input from the central amygdala (CeA), an extended amygdala circuit that decreases feeding, is reduced. Activating NPY-expressing AgRP neurons evokes these synaptic adaptations, which are absent in NPY-deficient mice. Moreover, fasting diminishes the ability of CeA projections in the BNST to suppress food intake, and NPY-deficient mice fail to decrease anxiety in order to promote feeding. Thus, AgRP neurons drive input-specific synaptic plasticity, enabling a selective shift in hunger and anxiety signaling during starvation through NPY.","['D000818', 'D009478', 'D009473', 'D054369', 'D005247', 'D012686', 'D051379', 'D013217', 'D008297', 'D000679', 'D008810', 'D018345', 'D009474', 'D059330', 'D004435', 'D005215', 'D001007', 'D006815']"
38936951,Comparison of the Dietary Intake After Gastrectomy Between Male and Female Patients With Gastric Cancer.,"This study aimed to investigate the differences in the postoperative dietary intake (DI) loss between men and women after radical resection for early gastric cancer (GC), and to identify effective nutritional support for both sexes.","['D006801', 'D013274', 'D005743', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D011446', 'D002149', 'D012737', 'D011184', 'D004435', 'D000328']"
38932722,Time-dependent changes in feeding behavior and energy balance associated with weight gain in mice fed obesogenic diets.,"Obesity is characterized by dysregulated homeostatic mechanisms resulting in positive energy balance; however, when this dysregulation occurs is unknown. We assessed the time course of alterations to behaviors promoting weight gain in male and female mice switched to an obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD).","['D000818', 'D004734', 'D008297', 'D015430', 'D051379', 'D008810', 'D059305', 'D005260', 'D009765', 'D002149', 'D006963', 'D005247', 'D013997', 'D010805', 'D012527', 'D004435']"
38931536,Identification of Respiratory Pauses during Swallowing by Unconstrained Measuring Using Millimeter Wave Radar.,"Breathing temporarily pauses during swallowing, and the occurrence of inspiration before and after these pauses may increase the likelihood of aspiration, a serious health problem in older adults. Therefore, the automatic detection of these pauses without constraints is important. We propose methods for measuring respiratory movements during swallowing using millimeter wave radar to detect these pauses. The experiment involved 20 healthy adult participants. The results showed a correlation of 0.71 with the measurement data obtained from a band-type sensor used as a reference, demonstrating the potential to measure chest movements associated with respiration using a non-contact method. Additionally, temporary respiratory pauses caused by swallowing were confirmed by the measured data. Furthermore, using machine learning, the presence of respiring alone was detected with an accuracy of 88.5%, which is higher than that reported in previous studies. Respiring and temporary respiratory pauses caused by swallowing were also detected, with a macro-averaged F1 score of 66.4%. Although there is room for improvement in temporary pause detection, this study demonstrates the potential for measuring respiratory movements during swallowing using millimeter wave radar and a machine learning method.","['D006801', 'D003679', 'D011825', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D012119', 'D000069550', 'D055815']"
38931304,Practicing Interoceptive Sensitivity as a Couple: A Mixed-Methods Acceptance Analysis of a Dyadic vs. Single Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.,"Training interoceptive sensitivity (IS) might be a first step in effectively promoting intuitive eating (IE). A dyadic interoception-based pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted to increase IE among couples aged 50+. The training consisted of three exercises, a Body Scan (BS), a hunger exercise (HU), and a satiety (SA) exercise. This study explored how spouses accepted the (dyadic vs. single) training. In a mixed-methods convergence design, the findings of a survey (n = 68 couples) and focus groups (n = 4) were synthesized. Moderate general acceptance (e.g., regarding feasibility and low burden) and a hierarchical gradient in favor of the BS (e.g., pleasantness and improved sleep quality) emerged. Barriers concerned a perceived lack of the exercises' usefulness and a limited understanding of the training purpose. A wish for regular feedback and exchange with the study stuff and other participants was expressed. Spousal training involvement was experienced as being rather beneficial. Previously harmonized dietary practices and daily routines appeared as constructive pre-conditions for the joint training. This study highlights the potential and implications of training couples in IS. Future interventions should involve a regular exchange and closer guidance by study staff to promote a better understanding of the processes and goals of IS and IE.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D010865', 'D008875', 'D065812', 'D018454', 'D000368', 'D015444', 'D005247', 'D017144', 'D011795', 'D006815', 'D004435', 'D012527']"
38931301,"Impacts of Central Administration of the Novel Peptide, LEAP-2, in Different Food Intake Models in Conscious Rats.","Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide-2 (LEAP-2) has mutual antagonism with ghrelin, which evokes food intake under a freely fed state. Nevertheless, the impact of LEAP-2 on ghrelin under time-restricted feeding (TRF), which has benefits in the context of metabolic disease, is still unknown. This study aims to explore the impact of central administration of LEAP-2 on the ingestion behavior of rats, which was evaluated using their cumulative food intake in the TRF state. Before intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of O-n-octanoylated ghrelin (0.1 nmol/rat), as a food-stimulatory model, the rats received various doses of LEAP-2 (0.3, 1, 3 nmol/rat, ICV). Cumulative food intake was recorded at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after ICV injection under 12 h freely fed and TRF states in a light phase. In 12 h freely fed and TRF states, central administration of ghrelin alone induced feeding behavior. Pre-treatment with LEAP-2 (1 and 3 nmol/rat, ICV) suppressed ghrelin-induced food intake in a dose-dependent manner in a 12 h freely fed state instead of a TRF state, which may have disturbed the balance of ghrelin and LEAP-2. This study provides neuroendocrine-based evidence that may explain why TRF sometimes fails in fighting obesity/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in clinics.","['D000818', 'D054439', 'D008297', 'D051381', 'D004435', 'D005247', 'D007276', 'D023181', 'D017207', 'D003243', 'D001798']"
38931267,Dietary Intake of Adolescents and Alignment with Recommendations for Healthy and Sustainable Diets: Results of the SI.Menu Study.,The SI.Menu study offers the latest data on the dietary intake of Slovenian adolescents aged 10 to 17. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively assess their dietary intake (energy and nutrients) and compare their food intakes with dietary recommendations for healthy and sustainable diets.,"['D006801', 'D000293', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D002648', 'D017524', 'D003430', 'D000072001', 'D004032', 'D005247', 'D064167', 'D004034', 'D004435', 'D002149', 'D017195']"
38931231,Modelling Food Substitution Using the Ofcom Nutrient Profiling Model on Population Intakes from the Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition 2015.,"This study aimed to model how substituting foods consumed by Canadians for alternatives with more favourable nutrient profiling (NP) scores would impact dietary intakes. The Ofcom NP system, developed to help the UK Office of Communication differentiate foods that can be advertised to children, was applied to foods consumed by Canadians aged 2 years and older in the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) (n = 19,447). Foods were substituted for similar options from the Euromonitor branded food composition database (Scenario 1) or from the primarily aggregated food profiles in the CCHS survey food composition database (Scenario 2) with either the most favourable (optimistic; 1A and 2A) or a more favourable Ofcom score (realistic; 1B and 2B). Mean intakes of Ofcom scores, calories, saturated fat, sugars, and sodium from these scenarios were compared to baseline. Only 2.9% of foods consumed had a similar Euromonitor option with a lower Ofcom score. Scenarios 1A, 1B, and 2A had lower Ofcom scores, calorie, sodium, saturated fat, and sugar intakes compared to baseline. Scenario 2B had lower levels of all outcome measures, except for an increase in calories compared to baseline. Selection of foods with more favourable NP scores has the potential to decrease the Canadian intake of nutrients of concern.","['D006801', 'D002170', 'D002648', 'D002675', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000293', 'D000328', 'D055815', 'D009749', 'D008875', 'D009753', 'D004032', 'D000368', 'D002149', 'D000078622', 'D004435']"
38931225,Can Diet Alter the Intestinal Barrier Permeability in Healthy People? A Systematic Review.,"Dietary factors can modify the function of the intestinal barrier, causing permeability changes. This systematic review analyzed evidence on the link between diet or dietary interventions and changes in intestinal barrier permeability (IBP) in healthy individuals. A systematic search for primary studies was conducted using the virtual databases EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Scopus. This review adhered to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, assessing the methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies and ROB 2.0 for randomized clinical trials. Out of 3725 studies recovered, 12 were eligible for review. Chicory inulin and probiotics reduced IBP in adults with a moderate GRADE level of evidence. The opposite result was obtained with fructose, which increased IBP in adults, with a very low GRADE level of evidence. Only intervention studies with different dietary components were found, and few studies evaluated the effect of specific diets on the IBP. Thus, there was no strong evidence that diet or dietary interventions increase or decrease IBP in healthy individuals. Studies on this topic are necessary, with a low risk of bias and good quality of evidence generated, as there is still little knowledge on healthy populations.","['D006801', 'D010539', 'D004032', 'D007413', 'D019936', 'D000328', 'D007444', 'D064368', 'D005632', 'D007422', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D018651', 'D000095644']"
38931202,Trends in Nutrition-Related Risk Factors Identified Post-Operatively in Patients Treated for a Lower-Extremity Injury.,"This study investigated trends within a custom Sports Nutrition Assessment for Consultation (SNAC) survey designed to identify nutrition-related risk factors among post-operative lower-extremity youth athletes. Athletes aged 8-18 years who completed the SNAC at a sports medicine institution after lower-extremity surgery were reviewed for associations between SNAC questions and age/sex differences. Of 477 patients (15.0 ± 2.0 years; 47.8% female), 319 (66.9%) answered 'yes' to at least one question and were identified for a consult, though 216 (64.3%) declined. The most frequent questions to prompt a consult were a desire to better understand nutrition for recovery (41.5%) and regularly skipping at least one meal a day (29.8%). Inter-question responses were often significantly related, especially regarding appetite changes, weight changes, and/or meal-skipping. While consult acceptance was not significantly different between sex/age, males were more likely to report a desire to better understand nutrition (p = 0.004) and a weight change (p = 0.019), and females were more likely to report struggling with dizziness/fatigue (p < 0.001). Additionally, older athletes reported an appetite change (p = 0.022), meal-skipping (p = 0.002), a desire to better understand nutrition (p < 0.001), a weight change (p < 0.001), and an effort/recommendation to change their body composition/weight (p = 0.005). These findings demonstrate a link between risky nutrition behaviors and physical detriments.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000293', 'D002648', 'D012307', 'D009752', 'D035002', 'D015596', 'D056352', 'D011184', 'D001265', 'D001066', 'D012737', 'D011183']"
38931157,Feasibility and Cardiometabolic Effects of Time-Restricted Eating in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.,"Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and a prolonged daily eating window (EW) are associated with circadian rhythm disruption and increased cardiometabolic risk. Misalignment between circadian timing system and daily rhythms of food intake adversely impacts metabolic regulatory mechanisms and cardiovascular function. Restricting the daily EW by imposing an eating-fasting cycle through time-restricted eating (TRE) can restore robust circadian rhythms, support cellular metabolism, and improve cardiometabolic health. The aim of this study was to assess a feasibility of 12-week TRE intervention with self-selected 10 h EW and effects of TRE on EW duration, cardiometabolic outcomes, daily rhythms of behavior, and wellbeing in Polish patients with MetS and EW ≥ 14 h/day. Dietary intake was monitored with a validated myCircadianClock application (mCC app). Adherence to TRE defined as the proportion of days recorded with mCC app in which participants satisfied 10-h TRE was the primary outcome. A total of 26 patients (aged 45 ± 13 years, 62% women, 3.3 ± 0.5 MetS criteria, EW 14 ± 1.5 h/day) were enrolled. Coexistence of increased waist circumference (WC) (96% of patients), elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (77%), and elevated blood pressure (BP) (69%) was the most common MetS pattern (50%). TRE intervention (mean duration of 81.6 ± 12.6 days) led to reducing daily EW by 28% (p < 0.0001). Adherence to TRE was 87 ± 13%. Adherence to logging food intake on mCC app during TRE was 70 ± 27%. Post TRE, a decrease in body weight (2%, 1.7 ± 3.6 kg, p = 0.026), body mass index (BMI) (1%, 0.5 ± 1.2 kg/m2, p = 0.027), WC (2%, 2.5 ± 3.9 cm, p = 0.003), systolic BP (4%, 4.8 ± 9.0 mmHg, p = 0.012), FPG (4%, 3.8 ± 6.9 mg/dL, p = 0.037), glycated hemoglobin (4%, 0.2 ± 0.4%, p = 0.011), mean fasting glucose level from continuous glucose monitor (CGM) (4%, 4.0 ± 6.1 mg/dL, p = 0.002), and sleepiness score (25%, 1.9 ± 3.2 points, p = 0043) were observed. A significant decrease in body weight (2%), BMI (2%), WC (3%), mean CGM fasting glucose (6%), sleepiness score (27%), and depression score (60%) was found in patients with mean post-TRE EW ≤ 10 h/day (58% of total), and not in patients with EW > 10 h/day. Adherence to TRE was higher in patients with post-TRE EW ≤ 10 h/day vs. patients with EW > 10 h/day (94 ± 6% vs. 77 ± 14%, p = 0.003). Our findings indicate that 10-h TRE was feasible in the European MetS population. TRE resulted in reducing daily EW and improved cardiometabolic outcomes and wellbeing in patients with MetS and prolonged EW. Use of the mCC app can aid in implementing TRE. This pilot clinical trial provides exploratory data that are a basis for a large-scale randomized controlled trial to determine the efficacy and sustainability of TRE for reducing cardiometabolic risks in MetS populations. Further research is needed to investigate the mechanisms of TRE effects, including its impact on circadian rhythm disruption.","['D006801', 'D024821', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D005240', 'D005215', 'D000328', 'D001786', 'D002940', 'D001794', 'D013997', 'D055105', 'D005247', 'D004435', 'D000083202']"
38928387,"Effects of Cannabinoids on Intestinal Motility, Barrier Permeability, and Therapeutic Potential in Gastrointestinal Diseases.","Cannabinoids and their receptors play a significant role in the regulation of gastrointestinal (GIT) peristalsis and intestinal barrier permeability. This review critically evaluates current knowledge about the mechanisms of action and biological effects of endocannabinoids and phytocannabinoids on GIT functions and the potential therapeutic applications of these compounds. The results of ex vivo and in vivo preclinical data indicate that cannabinoids can both inhibit and stimulate gut peristalsis, depending on various factors. Endocannabinoids affect peristalsis in a cannabinoid (CB) receptor-specific manner; however, there is also an important interaction between them and the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) system. Phytocannabinoids such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) impact gut motility mainly through the CB1 receptor. They were also found to improve intestinal barrier integrity, mainly through CB1 receptor stimulation but also via protein kinase A (PKA), mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPK), and adenylyl cyclase signaling pathways, as well as by influencing the expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins. The anti-inflammatory effects of cannabinoids in GIT disorders are postulated to occur by the lowering of inflammatory factors such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and regulation of cytokine levels. In conclusion, there is a prospect of utilizing cannabinoids as components of therapy for GIT disorders.","['D006801', 'D002186', 'D005769', 'D000818', 'D005767', 'D010539', 'D007413', 'D063388']"
38928308,Exosomes Derived from Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Regeneration of Injured Liver in Minipigs.,"Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is an important factor affecting liver regeneration and functional recovery postoperatively. Many studies have suggested that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) contribute to hepatic tissue repair and functional recovery through paracrine mechanisms mediated by exosomes. Minipigs exhibit much more similar characteristics of the liver to those of humans than rodents. This study aimed to explore whether exosomes from adipose-derived MSCs (ADSCs-exo) could actively promote liver regeneration after hepatectomy combined with HIRI in minipigs and the role they play in the cell proliferation process. This study also compared the effects and differences in the role of ADSCs and ADSCs-exo in the inflammatory response and liver regeneration. The results showed that ADSCs-exo suppressed histopathological changes and reduced inflammatory infiltration in the liver; significantly decreased levels of ALT, TBIL, HA, and the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP; increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and the pro-regeneration factors Ki67, PCNA, CyclinD1, HGF, STAT3, VEGF, ANG1, ANG2; and decreased levels of the anti-regeneration factors SOCS3 and TGF-β. These indicators above showed similar changes with the ADSCs intervention group. Indicating that ADSCs-exo can exert the same role as ADSCs in regulating inflammatory responses and promoting liver regeneration. Our findings provide experimental evidence for the possibility that ADSCs-exo could be considered a safe and effective cell-free therapy to promote regeneration of injured livers.","['D000818', 'D013552', 'D059630', 'D013556', 'D055354', 'D008115', 'D000273', 'D008099', 'D049109', 'D015427', 'D006498', 'D016207', 'D008297']"
38926362,TRIM26 deficiency enhancing liver regeneration through macrophage polarization and β-catenin pathway activation.,"Liver regeneration is a complex process involving the crosstalk between parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells, especially macrophages. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we identify the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM26 as a crucial regulator of liver regeneration. Following partial hepatectomy or acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride, Trim26 knockout mice exhibit enhanced hepatocyte proliferation compared to wild-type controls, while adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated overexpression of Trim26 reverses the promotional effects. Mechanistically, Trim26 deficiency promotes the recruitment of macrophages to the liver and their polarization towards pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype. These M1 macrophages secrete Wnts, including Wnt2, which subsequently stimulate hepatocyte proliferation through the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In hepatocytes, Trim26 knockdown reduces the ubiquitination and degradation of β-catenin, thereby further enhancing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Pharmacological inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathway by ICG-001 or depletion of macrophages by clodronate liposomes diminishes the pro-regenerative effects of Trim26 deficiency. Moreover, bone marrow transplantation experiments provide evidence that Trim26 knockout in myeloid cells alone can also promote liver regeneration, highlighting the critical role of macrophage Trim26 in this process. Taken together, our study uncovers TRIM26 as a negative regulator of liver regeneration by modulating macrophage polarization and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hepatocytes, providing a potential therapeutic target for promoting liver regeneration in clinical settings.","['D000818', 'D008115', 'D008264', 'D044767', 'D051379', 'D018345', 'D051176', 'D060449', 'D022781', 'D008810', 'D000070584', 'D049109', 'D008099', 'D016764', 'D008297', 'D054875']"
38924049,"Food consumption score and predictors among pregnant women attending antenatal care services in health centers of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Using ordinal logistic regression model.","Poor maternal nutrition during pregnancy creates a stressful environment that can lead to long-term effects on tissue development. Understanding the food consumption score can be used to prevent problems associated with poor dietary intake of pregnant mothers. In Ethiopia, the food consumption score ranges from 54% to 81.5%, which is far below the World Food Program (WFP) recommendation. Thus, this study aimed to assess food consumption score and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care services in health centers of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D005002', 'D011295', 'D000328', 'D003430', 'D055815', 'D016015', 'D000293', 'D037841', 'D004435', 'D005247', 'D004032', 'D011795', 'D009752']"
38923734,"Effects of guanidino acetic acid and betaine supplementation on growth, dietary nutrient digestion and intestinal creatine metabolism in sheep.","The intestine of young ruminants is in the developmental stage and has weaker resistance to the changes of external environment. Improving intestinal health is vital to promoting growth of young ruminants. This study investigated effects of guanidino acetic acid (GAA) and rumen-protected betaine (RPB) supplementation on growth, dietary nutrient digestion and GAA metabolism in the small intestine of sheep.","['D000818', 'D019587', 'D001622', 'D000821', 'D004032', 'D008297', 'D004063', 'D003401', 'D005998', 'D012756', 'D034561', 'D000824', 'D011897', 'D000078622']"
38922142,Effects of Scallop Mantle Toxin on Intestinal Microflora and Intestinal Barrier Function in Mice.,"Previous studies have shown that feeding mice with food containing mantle tissue from Japanese scallops results in aggravated liver and kidney damage, ultimately resulting in mortality within weeks. The aim of this study is to evaluate the toxicity of scallop mantle in China's coastal areas and explore the impact of scallop mantle toxins (SMT) on intestinal barrier integrity and gut microbiota in mice. The Illumina MiSeq sequencing of V3-V4 hypervariable regions of 16S ribosomal RNA was employed to study the alterations in gut microbiota in the feces of SMT mice. The results showed that intestinal flora abundance and diversity in the SMT group were decreased. Compared with the control group, significant increases were observed in serum indexes related to liver, intestine, inflammation, and kidney functions among SMT-exposed mice. Accompanied by varying degrees of tissue damage observed within these organs, the beneficial bacteria of Muribaculaceae and Marinifilaceae significantly reduced, while the harmful bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae and Helicobacter were significantly increased. Taken together, this article elucidates the inflammation and glucose metabolism disorder caused by scallop mantle toxin in mice from the angle of gut microbiota and metabolism. SMT can destroy the equilibrium of intestinal flora and damage the intestinal mucosal barrier, which leads to glucose metabolism disorder and intestinal dysfunction and may ultimately bring about systemic toxicity.","['D000818', 'D000069196', 'D049897', 'D007413', 'D051379', 'D008387', 'D008297', 'D001419', 'D007422', 'D005243', 'D012336', 'D000095644']"
38921683,Could Insulin Be a Better Regulator of Appetite/Satiety Balance and Body Weight Maintenance in Response to Glucose Exposure Compared to Sucrose Substitutes? Unraveling Current Knowledge and Searching for More Appropriate Choices.,"Insulin exerts a crucial impact on glucose control, cellular growing, function, and metabolism. It is partially modulated by nutrients, especially as a response to the intake of foods, including carbohydrates. Moreover, insulin can exert an anorexigenic effect when inserted into the hypothalamus of the brain, in which a complex network of an appetite/hunger control system occurs. The current literature review aims at thoroughly summarizing and scrutinizing whether insulin release in response to glucose exposure may be a better choice to control body weight gain and related diseases compared to the use of sucrose substitutes (SSs) in combination with a long-term, well-balanced diet.","['D006801', 'D007328', 'D005947', 'D001066', 'D000818', 'D000068959', 'D013395', 'D012527']"
38918757,The association between dental and dentoalveolar arch forms of children with normal occlusion and malocclusion: a cross-sectional study.,Symmetrical and coordinated dental and alveolar arches are crucial for achieving proper occlusion. This study aimed to explore the association between dental and dentoalveolar arch forms in children with both normal occlusion and malocclusion.,"['D006801', 'D002648', 'D003430', 'D003724', 'D008310', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D002675', 'D000293', 'D000539', 'D003766']"
38918256,Analysis of factors that indicated surgery in 400 patients submitted to a complete diagnostic workup for obstructed defecation syndrome and rectal prolapse using a supervised machine learning algorithm.,Patient selection is extremely important in obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS) and rectal prolapse (RP) surgery. This study assessed factors that guided the indications for ODS and RP surgery and their specific role in our decision-making process using a machine learning approach.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D012005', 'D012189', 'D003248', 'D000368', 'D000069553', 'D013577', 'D003672', 'D000328', 'D011446', 'D019841', 'D018579', 'D000465', 'D000066491']"
38914688,"Exploring botulinum toxin's impact on masseter hypertrophy: a randomized, triple-blinded clinical trial.","The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness and functional adverse effects of a single and multiple injections of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) for masseter hypertrophy (MH). Twenty-six women complaining about lower third facial enlargement due to MH, received 75 U of BoNT-A (abobotulinum toxin) in each masseter muscles. After 3 months, patients were randomly assigned to receive a second treatment session of Saline Solution: (G1; n = 11) or BoNT-A: (G2; n = 12). Muscle thickness (ultrasound), electrical activity (electromyography; EMG), masticatory performance, and subjective perception of MH were evaluated. Follow-up was performed at 1, 3 and 6 months. Muscle thickness, EMG activity, and masticatory performance were analyzed using ANOVA two-way and Sidak test as post-hoc. Masticatory performance was analyzed by the Friedman's test and Mann-Whitney test. Regarding inter-groups comparisons, there was a significant decrease in the left masseter muscle thickness in the G2 group at the 6 month follow-up (p < 0.02). For EMG, significant differences were evident at the 6 month assessment, with higher masseter activity for G1 (p < 0.05). For masticatory performance, no significant differences were observed throughout the study (p > 0.05) and a higher improvement in subjective perception of MH was observed in the 1 month follow-up for G2 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, BoNT-A is effective for MH, however multiple injections cause functional adverse effects in masseter muscle.","['D006801', 'D008406', 'D005260', 'D006984', 'D019274', 'D000328', 'D004576', 'D008409', 'D008875', 'D016896', 'D009465', 'D007273']"
38913373,Protein and Amino Acid Adequacy and Food Consumption by Processing Level in Vegans in Brazil.,Major concerns regarding individuals who adhere to a vegan diet are whether they meet protein and essential amino acid recommendations and how reliant they are on ultraprocessed foods.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D001938', 'D003430', 'D004044', 'D000066989', 'D055815', 'D000067269', 'D005511', 'D008875', 'D004435', 'D000596', 'D000601']"
38912684,"Food intake of breastfeeding mothers versus protein content of breastmilk in the coastal area of Bengkulu, Indonesia.","Maternal intake has a role in the composition of nutritional content, especially breast milk protein, but is rarely studied in fish producing areas (coastal). This study aimed to assess protein concentrations in human milk and evaluate their changes according to diet. The type of study was analytical observation, cross-sectional research design with a total sample of 50 from 313 breastfeeding mothers of infants 0-6 months domiciled at the Padang Serai Health Center. Dietary intake is collected using the food recall form 2 x 24 hours. Breast milk is collected in the morning as much as 30 ml using an electric breast pump. T-Test Independent analyzed the data. The results showed that as many as 10% of mothers had breast milk protein content above 0.9 g/100mL, and there was a relationship between maternal age, energy, and protein with breast milk protein content. Maternal diet, especially energy and protein, affects the protein content of breast milk. It is recommended that mothers improve their daily intake through nutritionally balanced and varied foods.","['D006801', 'D008895', 'D005260', 'D001942', 'D003430', 'D000328', 'D007214', 'D009035', 'D007223', 'D007231', 'D008894', 'D004032', 'D002149', 'D055815', 'D004435', 'D004044']"
38910246,Mapping and predicting open defecation in Ethiopia: 2021 PMA-ET study.,"There has been extensive research conducted on open defecation in Ethiopia, but a notable gap persists in comprehensively understanding the spatial variation and predictors at the household level. This study utilizes data from the 2021 Performance Monitoring for Action Ethiopia (PMA-ET) to address this gap by identifying hotspots and predictors of open defecation. Employing geographically weighted regression analysis, it goes beyond traditional models to account for spatial heterogeneity, offering a nuanced understanding of geographical variations in open defecation prevalence and its determinants. This research pinpoints hotspot areas and significant predictors, aiding policymakers and practitioners in tailoring interventions effectively. It not only fills the knowledge gap in Ethiopia but also informs global sanitation initiatives.","['D005002', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D003672', 'D012499', 'D008875', 'D055815', 'D000068916', 'D062206', 'D005191', 'D014038', 'D000293']"
38907214,"Association between masticatory function, frailty, and functional disability: an observational study.","Increase in functional disability in aging societies is an international medical and public health issue. Masticatory function may be a potential risk factor for functional disability, but the role of frailty in the association has not been clarified.","['D006801', 'D000368', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000073496', 'D008409', 'D000369', 'D057187', 'D016330', 'D006233', 'D004185', 'D012307', 'D015577', 'D007564']"
38903017,"Live performance, nutrient digestibility, immune response and fecal microbial load modulation in Japanese quails fed a Bacillus-based probiotic alone or combination with xylanase.","Animal industry seeks cost-effective solutions to enhance performance and health of domestic animals. This study investigated the effects of supplementing Bacillus spp. probiotics and xylanase on 2000 one-day-old Japanese quails, randomly assigned to four treatment groups (10 replicates). The control group received no supplementation, while the others were supplemented with a Bacillus-based probiotic at 7.5 × 107 cfu/kg of feed, xylanase enzyme (2,000 U/kg) alone or in combination. Quails receiving both probiotic and enzyme exhibited significantly (p < 0.01) higher weekly and overall weight gain, and lower feed conversion ratios compared to the control group. Dressing percentage was higher (p < 0.01), and mortality lower in birds supplemented with a combination of enzyme and probiotic. Antibody titres against infectious bronchitis and infectious bursal disease were significantly (p < 0.01) higher in quails receiving combined probiotic and enzyme supplementation, while titres against Newcastle disease virus were higher (p < 0.01) in groups supplemented with probiotic and enzyme individually or in combination. Additionally, digestibility was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in groups receiving combined enzyme and probiotic supplementation, with higher apparent metabolizable energy compared to the control. The populations of beneficial Lactobacillus increased, while harmful E. coli and Salmonella decreased significantly in quails supplemented with both probiotic and enzyme. In conclusion, supplementing xylanase enzyme and probiotic together in Japanese quails positively influenced growth, nutrient digestibility, immune response, and cecal microbiota.","['D000818', 'D019936', 'D001407', 'D003370', 'D000821', 'D043364', 'D004032', 'D004063', 'D005243', 'D019587', 'D000824', 'D011897', 'D011201']"
38901928,"Impact of resistant starch: Absorption of dietary minerals, glycemic index and oxidative stress in healthy rats.","Resistant starch (RS) is a prebiotic fiber that has been scientifically shown to control the development of obesity. Prebiotic role of RS has also seen to be very important as it helps gut bacteria to regulate fermentation and fatty acid production. This study aimed to check the different levels of RS on glycemic index, oxidative stress and mineral absorption rate in healthy rat models. To evaluate these objectives, the trial was conducted for 40 days of follow up; 10 days were the adjustment period and the collection period over 30 days.","['D000818', 'D017208', 'D038321', 'D018384', 'D005260', 'D051381', 'D013213', 'D008903', 'D004043', 'D000084922', 'D056692', 'D007408', 'D004032']"
38900814,Validity and reliability of a new whole room indirect calorimeter to assess metabolic response to small calorie loads.,"We overview of our whole room indirect calorimeter (WRIC), demonstrate validity and reliability of our WRIC, and explore a novel application of Bayesian hierarchical modeling to assess responses to small carbohydrate loads. To assess WRIC validity seven gas infusion studies were performed using a gas blender and profiles designed to mimic resting and postprandial metabolic events. Sixteen participants underwent fasting and postprandial measurements, during which they consumed a 75-kcal drink containing sucrose, dextrose, or fructose in a crossover design. Linear mixed effects models were used to compare resting and postprandial metabolic rate (MR) and carbohydrate oxidation. Postprandial carbohydrate oxidation trajectories for each participant and condition were modeled using Bayesian Hierarchical Modeling. Mean total error in infusions were 1.27 ± 0.67% and 0.42 ± 0.70% for VO2 and VCO2 respectively, indicating a high level of validity. Mean resting MR was similar across conditions ([Formula: see text] = 1.05 ± 0.03 kcal/min, p = 0.82, ICC: 0.91). While MR increased similarly among all conditions (~13%, p = 0.29), postprandial carbohydrate oxidation parameters were significantly lower for dextrose compared with sucrose or fructose. We provide evidence validating our WRIC and a novel application of statistical methods useful for research using WRIC.","['D006801', 'D002153', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D015203', 'D001499', 'D019518', 'D018592', 'D055815', 'D002149', 'D004734', 'D010084', 'D005215']"
38898647,Intraoral Acupuncture for Sialorrhea in Stroke Patients: a Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.,"Post-stroke sialorrhea (PSS) refers to excessive saliva flowing out the lip border after a stroke. PSS negatively affects patient self-image and social communication and may lead to depression. Limited evidence supports the link between excessive salivation and PSS. No large-scale, strictly controlled randomized controlled trials have shown the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating PSS patients.","['D006801', 'D012798', 'D015670', 'D020521', 'D008297', 'D011446', 'D005260', 'D012472', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D016032']"
38898235,"User-centred design, validation and clinical testing of an anti-choking mug for people with Parkinson's disease.","Oropharyngeal dysphagia, or difficulty initiating swallowing, is a frequent problem in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) and can lead to aspiration pneumonia. The efficacy of pharmacological options is limited. Postural strategies, such as a chin-down manoeuvre when drinking, have had some degree of success but may be difficult for people who have other limitations such as dementia or neck rigidity, to reproduce consistently. Using a user-centred design approach and a multidisciplinary team, we developed and tested an anti-choking mug for people with PD that helps angle the head in the optimum position for drinking. The design reflected anthropometric and ergonomic aspects of user needs with features including regulation of water flow rate and sip volume, an inner slope, a thickened handle and a wide base, which promoted a chin-down posture when used. Prototype testing using digital technology to compare neck flexion angles (the primary outcome), plus clinical outcomes assessed using standard tools (Swallowing Clinical Assessment Score in Parkinson's Disease (SCAS-PD) and Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Parts II and III), found significant improvements in a range of parameters related to efficient swallowing and safe drinking when using the anti-choking mug versus a sham mug.","['D010300', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D003680', 'D000368', 'D000086825', 'D003679', 'D008875', 'D000402', 'D011187']"
38896738,Effects of different additives on cattle feed intake and performance - a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"In the last few years, there has been a growing interest in the use of natural feed additives in animal feed. These can be used as replacements for antibiotics, to alter rumen fermentation and increase feed efficiency in ruminants. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of adding different feed additives in the diet of beef and dairy cattle on their performance, dry matter intake (DMI) and feed efficiency, through a systematic review followed by meta-analysis. The systematic review suggested 43 peer-reviewed publications, according to the pre-established criteria. In beef cattle, the ionophore antibiotics reduced the DMI, improved the feed efficiency without interfering in the average daily gain (ADG). Non-ionophore antibiotics and propolis extract increased the ADG. In dairy cattle, the ionophores, yeast-based additives, and enzyme additives increased the feed efficiency, DMI, and daily milk production (MY), respectively. Essential oil supplementation in beef and dairy cattle had no effect on the feed intake and animal performance. The systematic review and meta-analysis allowed us to conclude that different feed additives have different effects on cattle performance, however, our results suggest that there are a few gaps regarding their effects on animal performance.","['D002417', 'D000818', 'D000821', 'D019587', 'D004435', 'D005503', 'D000824']"
38896681,Dialogues between popular education and food and nutritional education: reflections from the trajectories of three university professors.,"This essay explores the convergences and singularities of popular education and Food and Nutrition Education based on biographical fragments of the undergraduate training program in Nutrition of three university professors who established their academic and professional trajectories at these crossroads of knowledge and actions mediated by popular education. Inspired by the autobiographical method, the narratives revealed that the initial indignations with social inequalities were mobilizing the routes in the formative path toward understanding hunger, suffering, and human care. To this end, seeking spaces and opportunities to learn about and experience social work in contexts of vulnerabilities was a decisive factor in their personal and professional constructions, revealing the contradictions of traditional training models and the starting point for the genesis of critical thinking. Thus, clues are offered to understand the interfaces of Popular Education (PE) and Food and Nutrition Education (FNE) in the converging actions around the fight against hunger and the right to food without, however, reducing one to the other when food and Nutrition are projected on the horizon of practices.","['D014495', 'D006801', 'D052756', 'D005178', 'D006266', 'D006815']"
38896603,"Diet shapes the metabolite profile in the intact human ileum, which affects PYY release.","The human ileum contains a high density of enteroendocrine L-cells, which release the appetite-suppressing hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) in response to food intake. Recent evidence highlighted the potential role of food structures in PYY release, but the link between food structures, ileal metabolites, and appetite hormone release remains unclear owing to limited access to intact human ileum. In a randomized crossover trial (ISRCTN11327221; isrctn.com), we investigated the role of human ileum in GLP-1 and PYY release by giving healthy volunteers diets differing in fiber and food structure: high-fiber (intact or disrupted food structures) or low-fiber disrupted food structures. We used nasoenteric tubes to sample chyme from the intact distal ileum lumina of humans in the fasted state and every 60 min for 480 min postprandially. We demonstrate the highly dynamic, wide-ranging molecular environment of the ileum over time, with a substantial decrease in ileum bacterial numbers and bacterial metabolites after food intake. We also show that high-fiber diets, independent of food structure, increased PYY release compared with a low-fiber diet during 0 to 240 min postprandially. High-fiber diets also increased ileal stachyose, and a disrupted high-fiber diet increased certain ileal amino acids. Treatment of human ileal organoids with ileal fluids or an amino acid and stachyose mixture stimulated PYY expression in a similar profile to blood PYY concentrations, confirming the role of ileal metabolites in PYY release. Our study demonstrates the diet-induced changes over time in the metabolite environment of intact human ileum, which play a role in PYY release.","['D006801', 'D007082', 'D019894', 'D004032', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D004043', 'D052216', 'D005260', 'D055442', 'D019518', 'D018592', 'D055815']"
38895907,Treatments for intractable constipation in childhood.,"Constipation that is prolonged and does not resolve with conventional therapeutic measures is called intractable constipation. The treatment of intractable constipation is challenging, involving pharmacological or non-pharmacological therapies, as well as surgical approaches. Unresolved constipation can negatively impact quality of life, with additional implications for health systems. Consequently, there is an urgent need to identify treatments that are efficacious and safe.","['D006801', 'D003248', 'D002648', 'D016032', 'D002675', 'D000293', 'D003672', 'D019274', 'D011788', 'D054368', 'D007223', 'D015982', 'D000068238']"
38895175,Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of Apremilast Tablets in Chinese Healthy Subjects Under Fasting and Postprandial States.,"This study compared the pharmacokinetics, safety and bioequivalence (BE) of generic and original apremilast tablets in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and postprandial conditions, providing sufficient evidence for abbreviated new drug application.","['D006801', 'D013810', 'D013792', 'D005215', 'D019518', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D018592', 'D064368', 'D013607', 'D055815', 'D005260', 'D000894', 'D044466', 'D019540', 'D000284']"
38893466,"Whey Protein Sodium-Caseinate as a Deliverable Vector for EGCG: In Vitro Optimization of Its Bioaccessibility, Bioavailability, and Bioactivity Mode of Actions.","Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the principal catechin in green tea, exhibits diverse therapeutic properties. However, its clinical efficacy is hindered by poor stability and low bioavailability. This study investigated solid particle-in-oil-in-water (S/O/W) emulsions stabilized by whey protein isolate (WPI) and sodium caseinate (NaCas) as carriers to enhance the bioavailability and intestinal absorption of EGCG. Molecular docking revealed binding interactions between EGCG and these macromolecules. The WPI- and NaCas-stabilized emulsions exhibited high encapsulation efficiencies (>80%) and significantly enhanced the bioaccessibility of EGCG by 64% compared to free EGCG after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Notably, the NaCas emulsion facilitated higher intestinal permeability of EGCG across Caco-2 monolayers, attributed to the strong intermolecular interactions between caseins and EGCG. Furthermore, the emulsions protected Caco-2 cells against oxidative stress by suppressing intracellular reactive oxygen species generation. These findings demonstrate the potential of WPI- and NaCas-stabilized emulsions as effective delivery systems to improve the bioavailability, stability, and bioactivity of polyphenols like EGCG, enabling their applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals.","['D002392', 'D006801', 'D000067816', 'D002364', 'D018938', 'D001682', 'D004655', 'D062105', 'D017382', 'D018384', 'D004337', 'D000975', 'D007408']"
38892726,Postprandial Antioxidative Response to Ingestion of Formulated Date- and Fruit-Based Nutritional Bars by Healthy Individuals.,"Nutritional bars (NBs) are gaining popularity among healthy and athletic individuals, but postprandial antioxidative response has not been investigated. Therefore, the current study examined the postprandial alterations in total phenolic content (TPC), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the plasma of healthy individuals after the ingestion of 140 g (510 Kcal) from formulated date-based bars (DBBs) or fruit-based bars (FBBs). Firstly, the free and bound phenolic contents (PCs) were determined to be 10.15 and 12.98 and 6.19 and 3.57 mg GAE g-1, respectively. FBBs were significantly higher in free PC than DBBs, while DBBs were considerably higher in bound PC than FBBs. Secondly, twenty participants with age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass, and fat-free mass averages of 21.4 years, 170.0 cm, 66.3 kg, 22.9 kg m2, 14.5, and 29.2 kg, respectively, were subjected to metabolic experiments (ISRCTN19386758). Ingestion of 140 g of FBB or DBB resulted in 288.50 or 302.14 µg TPC mL-1 blood, respectively. Postprandial TPC content increased with time progression and peaked after 120 min. T-AOC contents averaged 22.63 and 23.61 U mL-1 before ingestion of FBBs or DBBs, respectively. The T-AOC content increased significantly 120 and 180 min after ingestion of DBBs, while no significant change was noted after consuming FBBs. A significant decrease in MDA content was observed 180 min after consuming DBBs, while no significant change was noted after consuming FBBs. SOD concentrations ranged from 193.99 to 201.07 U L-1 in FBBs and DBBs, respectively. No considerable response was noted up to 3 h after ingestion of FBBs. On the contrary, a significant response was found 120 min after consuming DBBs. Pearson's correlation coefficient indicated a highly significant positive correlation coefficient (p < 0.01) between T-AOC and either MDA or SOD, as well as between MDA and SOD. The principal component analysis demonstrated a strong and positive relationship between SOD and TPC at 60 and 120 min after DBB ingestion. In conclusion, the relative changes in postprandial responses in T-AOC and MDA did not significantly (p > 0.05) differ between DBBs and FBBs, except for TPC (p = 0.04, paired t-test) and SOD (p = 0.003, paired t-test). Further studies with an extended experimental time are needed to confirm the current findings.","['D006801', 'D019518', 'D000975', 'D005638', 'D008297', 'D055815', 'D008315', 'D005260', 'D013482', 'D000328', 'D010636', 'D005526', 'D064368']"
38892719,Dietary Intake among Lebanese Adults: Findings from the Updated LEBANese natiONal Food Consumption Survey (LEBANON-FCS).,"The rates of obesity, undernutrition, and other non-communicable diseases are on the rise among Lebanese adults. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate the food consumption habits of this population to understand diet quality, analyze consumption trends, and compare them to healthy diets known to reduce risks of non-communicable diseases.","['D006801', 'D007861', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D055815', 'D003430', 'D000293', 'D005247', 'D002149', 'D004032', 'D000072001', 'D004034', 'D004435', 'D009749']"
38892697,Relationship between Household Shared Meal Frequency and Dietary Intake among Men and Women Aged ≥20 Years: Cross-Sectional Analyses Based on 2018 and 2019 National Health and Nutrition Surveys in Japan.,"This study aimed to examine the relationship between the frequency of household shared meals and the intake of 17 food groups and 21 nutrients. Participants were 3310 men and 3386 women ≥20 years old living in a household of ≥2 members from 2018 and 2019 National Health and Nutrition Surveys in Japan. A one-day household dietary record was used to classify an individual's shared meal frequency and dietary intake. A shared meal is defined as an eating occasion (i.e., breakfast, lunch, and dinner) where ≥1 food item-other than sugars, fats and oils, beverages, and condiments-was recorded with an assigned approximated shared proportion. The shared meal frequency for each individual was classified into one of four categories: 0, 1, 2, and 3 times/day. Dietary intake was compared across the shared meal categories adjusted for age, occupation, household size, meal skipping, snacking, residential areas, and within-household correlations. Both men and women who had more frequent shared meals showed higher intakes of potatoes, vegetables, mushrooms, and condiments but less confectioneries and beverages. A higher shared meal frequency was also related to a higher intake of many (12/21) nutrients (e.g., protein, dietary fiber, and potassium). However, in women, there was a positive association between shared meal frequency and sodium intake. A higher frequency of household shared meals may be related to a more favorable dietary intake; except for concerns about sodium intake in women.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D007564', 'D008297', 'D003430', 'D000328', 'D062407', 'D009749', 'D005191', 'D008875', 'D005247', 'D055815', 'D004032', 'D000368', 'D004435']"
38892651,Examining the Direct and Indirect Effects of Postprandial Amino Acid Responses on Markers of Satiety following the Acute Consumption of Lean Beef-Rich Meals in Healthy Women with Overweight.,"The consumption of protein-rich foods stimulates satiety more than other macronutrient-rich foods; however, the underlying mechanisms-of-action are not well-characterized. The objective of this study was to identify the direct and indirect effects of postprandial amino acid (AA) responses on satiety. Seventeen women (mean ± SEM, age: 33 ± 1 year; BMI: 27.8 ± 0.1 kg/m2) consumed a eucaloric, plant-based diet containing two servings of lean beef/day (i.e., 7.5 oz (207 g)) for 7 days. During day 6, the participants completed a 12 h controlled-feeding, clinical testing day including repeated satiety questionnaires and blood sampling to assess pre- and postprandial plasma AAs, PYY, and GLP-1. Regression and mediation analyses were completed to assess AA predictors and hormonal mediators. Total plasma AAs explained 41.1% of the variance in perceived daily fullness (p < 0.001), 61.0% in PYY (p < 0.001), and 66.1% in GLP-1 (p < 0.001) concentrations, respectively. Several individual AAs significantly predicted fluctuations in daily fullness, PYY, and GLP-1. In completing mediation analyses, the effect of plasma leucine on daily fullness was fully mediated by circulating PYY concentrations (indirect effect = B: 0.09 [Boot 95% CI: 0.032, 0.17]) as no leucine-fullness direct effect was observed. No other mediators were identified. Although a number of circulating AAs predict satiety, leucine was found to do so through changes in PYY concentrations in middle-aged women.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D019518', 'D000596', 'D000069466', 'D019894', 'D012527', 'D050177', 'D052216', 'D015415', 'D062407', 'D000818', 'D002417', 'D012528']"
38892642,Trends and Missing Links in (De)Hydration Research: A Narrative Review.,"Despite decades of literature on (de)hydration in healthy individuals, many unanswered questions remain. To outline research and policy priorities, it is fundamental to recognize the literature trends on (de)hydration and identify current research gaps, which herein we aimed to pinpoint. From a representative sample of 180 (de)hydration studies with 4350 individuals, we found that research is mainly limited to small-scale laboratory-based sample sizes, with high variability in demographics (sex, age, and level of competition); to non-ecological (highly simulated and controlled) conditions; and with a focus on recreationally active male adults (e.g., Tier 1, non-athletes). The laboratory-simulated environments are limiting factors underpinning the need to better translate scientific research into field studies. Although, consistently, dehydration is defined as the loss of 2% of body weight, the hydration status is estimated using a very heterogeneous range of parameters. Water is the most researched hydration fluid, followed by alcoholic beverages with added carbohydrates (CHO). The current research still overlooks beverages supplemented with proteins, amino acids (AA), and glycerol. Future research should invest more effort in ""real-world"" studies with larger and more heterogeneous cohorts, exploring the entire available spectrum of fluids while addressing hydration outcomes more harmoniously.","['D006801', 'D003681', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D014882', 'D004326']"
38892619,"Food Insecurity Screening in High-Income Countries, Tool Validity, and Implementation: A Scoping Review.","Household food insecurity has significant negative implications across the lifespan. While routine screening is recommended, particularly in healthcare, guidelines are lacking on selection of screening tools and best-practice implementation across different contexts in non-stigmatizing ways. The objective of this scoping review was to synthesize evidence on household food insecurity screening tools, including psychometrics, implementation in a range of settings, and experiences of carrying out screening or being screened. Four electronic databases were searched for studies in English published from 1990 until June 2023. A total of 58 papers were included, 21 of which focused on tool development and validation, and 37 papers described implementation and perceptions of screening. Most papers were from the USA and described screening in healthcare settings. There was a lack of evidence regarding screening in settings utilized by Indigenous people. The two-item Hunger Vital Sign emerged as the most used and most valid tool across settings. While there is minimal discomfort associated with screening, screening rates in practice are still low. Barriers and facilitators of screening were identified at the setting, system, provider, and recipient level and were mapped onto the COM-B model of behavior change. This review identifies practical strategies to optimize screening and disclosure.","['D006801', 'D000084884', 'D008403', 'D019049', 'D015203', 'D011594', 'D006815', 'D005191']"
38892603,"Understanding the Impact of Different Doses of Reducose® Mulberry Leaf Extract on Blood Glucose and Insulin Responses after Eating a Complex Meal: Results from a Double-Blind, Randomised, Crossover Trial.","Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are becoming an increasingly important health concern due to a rapidly ageing global population. The fastest growing NCD, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is responsible for over 2 million deaths annually. Lifestyle changes, including dietary changes to low glycemic response (GR) foods, have been shown to reduce the risk of developing T2DM. The aim of this study was to investigate whether three different doses of Reducose®, a mulberry leaf extract, could lower the GR and insulinemic responses (IR) to a full meal challenge in healthy individuals. A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, repeat-measure, crossover design trial was conducted by the Oxford Brookes Centre for Nutrition and Health; 37 healthy individuals completed the study. Participants consumed capsules containing either 200 mg, 225 mg, 250 mg Reducose® or placebo before a test meal consisting of 150 g white bread and egg mayo filler. Capillary blood samples were collected at 15-min intervals in the first hour and at 30-min intervals over the second and third hours to determine glucose and plasma insulin levels. The consumption of all three doses of Reducose® resulted in significantly lower blood glucose and plasma insulin levels compared to placebo. All three doses of Reducose® (200 mg, 225 mg, 250 mg) significantly lowered glucose iAUC 120 by 30% (p = 0.003), 33% (p = 0.001) and 32% (p = 0.002), respectively, compared with placebo. All three doses of Reducose® (200 mg, 225 mg, 250 mg) significantly lowered the plasma insulin iAUC 120 by 31% (p = 0.024), 34% (p = 0.004) and 38% (p < 0.001), respectively. The study demonstrates that the recommended dose (250 mg) and two lower doses (200 mg, 225 mg) of Reducose® can be used to help lower the GR and IR of a full meal containing carbohydrates, fats and proteins.","['D006801', 'D018592', 'D010936', 'D004311', 'D031625', 'D001786', 'D008297', 'D007328', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D018515', 'D019518', 'D008875', 'D062407', 'D055815', 'D038321', 'D003924']"
38892596,"Depression, Anxiety, Emotional Eating, and Body Mass Index among Self-Reported Vegetarians and Non-Vegetarians: A Cross-Sectional Study in Peruvian Adults.","Background: Vegetarianism is commonly associated with various health benefits. However, the association between this dietary regimen and aspects of mental health remains ambiguous. This study compared the symptoms of depression and anxiety, emotional eating (EmE), and body mass index (BMI) in Peruvian vegetarian and non-vegetarian adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 768 Peruvian adults, of whom 284 (37%) were vegetarians and 484 (63%) were non-vegetarians. The Depression Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2 (GAD-2), and an EmE questionnaire were applied; additionally, the BMI was calculated. Simple and multiple linear regression and Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to evaluate the association between depression, anxiety, EmE, and BMI with dietary patterns. Results: The vegetarians (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio [PR] = 0.24, 95% CI 0.16-0.31; p < 0.001) reported more depressive symptoms than the non-vegetarians. This trend persisted for anxiety, with an adjusted PR of 0.17 (95% CI: 0.01-0.29; p = 0.012). However, the vegetarians (adjusted PR = -0.38, 95% CI: -0.61--0.14; p < 0.001) reported lower EmE scores compared to the non-vegetarians. Likewise, the vegetarians had a lower mean BMI than the non-vegetarians (B = -0.16, 95% CI: -0.21--0.08; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Vegetarian diets are associated with increased symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as lower EmE and BMI scores. Further longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate these associations and determine causality and the underlying mechanisms involved.","['D006801', 'D003430', 'D008297', 'D010568', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D015992', 'D003863', 'D001007', 'D014676', 'D008875', 'D000066988', 'D004644', 'D057566', 'D005247', 'D004435', 'D055815', 'D015995']"
38892569,The Association between Dietary Nutrient Intake and Acceleration of Aging: Evidence from NHANES.,"The acceleration of aging is a risk factor for numerous diseases, and diet has been identified as an especially effective anti-aging method. Currently, research on the relationship between dietary nutrient intake and accelerated aging remains limited, with existing studies focusing on the intake of a small number of individual dietary nutrients. Comprehensive research on the single and mixed anti-aging effects of dietary nutrients has not been conducted. This study aimed to comprehensively explore the effects of numerous dietary nutrient intakes, both singly and in combination, on the acceleration of aging. Data for this study were extracted from the 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). The acceleration of aging was measured by phenotypic age acceleration. Linear regression (linear), restricted cubic spline (RCS) (nonlinear), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) (mixed effect) models were used to explore the association between dietary nutrient intake and accelerated aging. A total of 4692 participants aged ≥ 20 were included in this study. In fully adjusted models, intakes of 16 nutrients were negatively associated with accelerated aging (protein, vitamin E, vitamin A, beta-carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin K, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, potassium, dietary fiber, and alcohol). Intakes of total sugars, vitamin C, vitamin K, caffeine, and alcohol showed significant nonlinear associations with accelerated aging. Additionally, mixed dietary nutrient intakes were negatively associated with accelerated aging. Single dietary nutrients as well as mixed nutrient intake may mitigate accelerated aging. Moderately increasing the intake of specific dietary nutrients and maintaining dietary balance may be key strategies to prevent accelerated aging.","['D006801', 'D009749', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D004032', 'D000078622', 'D000375', 'D000368', 'D055815', 'D004435', 'D016014']"
38892559,"Plain Water Intake, Sleep Quality, and Hydration Status of Pregnant Woman in Hainan, China: A Cross-Sectional Study.","Both short and long sleep durations are associated with decreased kidney function; however, few studies have examined the relationship between sleep, hydration status, and plain water intake. This study aimed to assess the relationship between sleep quality, hydration status, and plain water intake in pregnant women.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D003430', 'D011247', 'D002681', 'D000328', 'D004326', 'D000089943', 'D000074267', 'D012893', 'D055815', 'D037841', 'D012890']"
38892558,Beverage Consumption and Factors Influencing the Choice of Beverages among Polish Children Aged 11-13 Years in 2018-2023.,"Adequate hydration is essential for good health, and an individual's hydration status is determined by the quantity and type of ingested fluids. The aim of the present study was to determine the hydration status of school-age children and evaluate changes in the type and quantity of consumed beverages between 2018 and 2023. The study was conducted in two stages between 2018 and 2023, and a total of 1030 fully completed questionnaires were returned by the children and their parents. A comparison of the parents' responses regarding factors that affect beverage choices revealed that beverage composition was more significant for the parents in 2023 than in 2018, whereas health-promoting properties were significant for only less than 30% of the respondents. Taste preferences were important for both the parents and the children, and they were the main criterion in the choice of beverages in both 2018 and 2023. In turn, advertising was an important factor for children, and the percentage of children who were guided by advertising in their choice of beverages increased from 52.1% in 2018 to 58.5% in 2023 (p < 0.05). Daily fluid intake from beverages in children aged 11-13 years generally does not meet recommended intakes. Low fluid intake can negatively affect children's hydration status and bodily functions. Taste preferences and advertising were correlated with a higher intake of carbonated and non-carbonated sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and dairy beverages. The percentage of children who bought drinks independently and had access to SSBs increased significantly during the analyzed period. Obtain results indicate that nutrition education programs are needed to teach adolescents to make healthy drink choices, limit their consumption of SSBs and EDs, and promote regular intake of natural mineral water and non-sweetened dairy beverages.","['D006801', 'D002648', 'D011044', 'D000293', 'D001628', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D002755', 'D011795', 'D005518', 'D004326', 'D010290', 'D000074267', 'D013649']"
38892533,Emotional Eating and Uncontrolled Eating as Risk Predictors for Disordered Eating Attitudes in Candidates for Bariatric Surgery Treated at a Public Hospital in the Amazon.,"This study analyzes the eating behavior and factors associated with the presence of disordered eating attitudes in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. It is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study conducted at a hospital in the Amazon region of Brazil. The Disordered Eating Attitude Scale reduced version (DEAS-s) was used to assess the risk of eating disorders and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21) was used to characterize eating behavior. A total of 205 patients participated, with a mean age of 37.5 ± 8.6 years. The majority of participants were female (93.7%; p < 0.001), and the mean BMI was 45.3 ± 6.7 kg/m2. It was found that cognitive restraint had the highest mean (52.6 ± 19.9; p < 0.001). As for the DEAS-s, the question with the highest mean response was ""spending one or more days without eating or consuming only liquids to lose weight"" (2.80 ± 1.99). Female participants had a higher score for emotional eating (p = 0.016). Disordered eating attitudes showed a correlation with emotional eating and uncontrolled eating. These results suggest that candidates for bariatric surgery may have susceptibility to eating disorders. The importance of a multidisciplinary team conducting monitoring during the preoperative period is highlighted.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D050110', 'D001068', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D003430', 'D004644', 'D001938', 'D005247', 'D006779', 'D011795', 'D012307', 'D008875', 'D004435']"
38892522,"Eating Patterns, Chronotypes, and Their Relationship with Metabolic Health in the Early Postpartum Period in Women after Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.","Observational studies have shown a relationship between eating patterns and chronotypes with metabolic health in the general population and in healthy pregnancies. Data are lacking in the postpartum period, which is characterized by an externally driven misalignment of sleep and food intake. We investigated the associations between eating patterns, chronotypes, and metabolic health in the early postpartum period in women who had gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We prospectively included 313 women who completed their 6-8 weeks postpartum visit between January 2021 and March 2023 at the Lausanne University Hospital. Women filled questionnaires on the timing of food intake, sleep (a shortened Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire), and the chronotype (the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire) and underwent HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose measurements. After adjustments for weight, sleep quality, or breastfeeding, the later timing of the first and last food intake were associated with higher fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels 6-8 weeks postpartum (all p ≤ 0.046). A higher number of breakfasts per week and longer eating durations were associated with lower fasting plasma glucose levels (all p ≤ 0.028). The chronotype was not associated with metabolic health outcomes. Eating patterns, but not the chronotype, were associated with worsened metabolic health in the early postpartum period in women with previous GDM.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D049590', 'D011247', 'D016640', 'D000328', 'D001786', 'D005247', 'D011446', 'D006442', 'D011795', 'D002940', 'D005215', 'D004435', 'D000089943', 'D012890', 'D000094407']"
38892489,Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties and Prebiotics Function of a Bioactive Pleurotus eryngii Aqueous Extract Powder Obtained by Spray Drying.,"A bioactive Pleurotus eryngii aqueous extract powder (SPAE) was obtained by spray drying and its performance in terms of physicochemical properties, in vitro digestion, inflammatory factors, and modulation of the intestinal microbiota was explored. The results indicated that the SPAE exhibited a more uniform particle size distribution than P. eryngii polysaccharide (PEP). Meanwhile, a typical absorption peak observed at 843 cm-1 in the SPAE FTIR spectra indicated the existence of α-glycosidic bonds. SPAE exhibited higher antioxidant abilities and superior resistance to digestion in vitro. In addition, SPAE supplementation to mice significantly reduced the release of factors that promote inflammation, enhanced the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors, and sustained maximum production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Additionally, it significantly enhanced the relative abundance of SCFAs-producing Akkermansia and reduced the abundance of Ruminococcus and Clostridiides in intestines of mice. These results show the potential of SPAE as a novel material with prebiotic effects for the food and pharmaceutical industries.","['D020076', 'D056692', 'D000818', 'D000085642', 'D000069196', 'D051379', 'D011208', 'D005232', 'D000975', 'D008297', 'D010316', 'D004063', 'D000893', 'D011134']"
38892476,"Seasonality Affects Fluid Intake Behaviors among Young Adults in Hebei, China.",Evidence on the association between environmental factors and fluid intake behavior remains limited. The current study aims to explore seasonal variations in fluid intake behaviors among young adults in China.,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012621', 'D055815', 'D002681', 'D011446', 'D004326', 'D004327', 'D013696', 'D011795', 'D006813']"
38892475,Association of Knowledge and Health Habits with Physiological Hydration Status.,"The association of hydration knowledge and health habits with hydration status and fluid intake is rarely examined. We sought to determine whether knowledge or physical health behaviors predict physiological hydration status and fluid intake. Ninety-six participants (59 female; 27 ± 10 year) completed the previously validated hydration survey. Participants then recorded total fluids consumed (TFC), collected urine, and tracked void frequency for 24 h. Hydration status was assessed via 24 h urine specific gravity (USG) and osmolality (Uosm). Health behaviors included self-reported physical activity, BMI, smoking, alcoholic drinking, and sleep status. TFC was significantly correlated with 24 h USG (r = -0.390; p < 0.001), Uosm (r = -0.486; p < 0.001), total urine volume (r = 0.675; p < 0.001), and void frequency (r = 0.518; p < 0.001). Hydration knowledge was not correlated with 24 h USG (r = 0.085; p = 0.420), Uosm (r = 0.087; p = 0.419), urine total volume (r = 0.019; p = 0.857), void frequency (r = 0.030; p = 0.771), or TFC (r = 0.027; p = 0.813). Hydration knowledge did not predict 24 h USG (LR+ = 1.10; LR- = 0.90), Uosm (LR+ = 0.81; LR- = 1.35), or TFC (LR+ = 1.00; LR- = 1.00). Health habits did not predict 24 h USG, Uosm, or TFC. In conclusion, self-reported 24 h diet and fluid log recording is comparable to hydration status verification via 24 h urine collection. Hydration knowledge and health habits are not related to, or predictive of, hydration status.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D004326', 'D007722', 'D015438', 'D000074267', 'D055815', 'D013046', 'D003681', 'D009994', 'D011795', 'D015444', 'D014882', 'D057566']"
38892044,Circadian Synchronization of Feeding Attenuates Rats' Food Restriction-Induced Anxiety and Amygdalar Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Downregulation.,"Anxiety is a common comorbidity of obesity, resulting from prescribing long-term caloric restriction diets (CRDs); patients with a reduced food intake lose weight but present anxious behaviors, poor treatment adherence, and weight regain in the subsequent 5 years. Intermittent fasting (IF) restricts feeding time to 8 h during the activity phase, reducing patients' weight even with no caloric restriction; it is unknown whether an IF regime with ad libitum feeding avoids stress and anxiety development. We compared the corticosterone blood concentration between male Wistar rats fed ad libitum or calorie-restricted with all-day or IF food access after 4 weeks, along with their anxiety parameters when performing the elevated plus maze (EPM). As the amygdalar thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is believed to have anxiolytic properties, we evaluated its expression changes in association with anxiety levels. The groups formed were the following: a control which was offered food ad libitum (C-adlib) or 30% of C-adlib's energy requirements (C-CRD) all day, and IF groups provided food ad libitum (IF-adlib) or 30% of C-adlib's requirements (IF-CRD) with access from 9:00 to 17:00 h. On day 28, the rats performed the EPM and, after 30 min, were decapitated to analyze their amygdalar TRH mRNA expression by in situ hybridization and corticosterone serum levels. Interestingly, circadian feeding synchronization reduced the body weight, food intake, and animal anxiety levels in both IF groups, with ad libitum (IF-adlib) or restricted (IF-CRD) food access. The anxiety levels of the experimental groups resulted to be negatively associated with TRH expression, which supported its anxiolytic role. Therefore, the low anxiety levels induced by synchronizing feeding with the activity phase would help patients who are dieting to improve their diet therapy adherence.","['D000818', 'D001007', 'D051381', 'D008297', 'D000679', 'D013973', 'D017208', 'D031204', 'D002940', 'D003345', 'D015536', 'D005247', 'D005215', 'D004435', 'D001835']"
38890509,"BMI, weight change, appetite reduction and cognitive impairment of elderly patients with diabetes.","Body weight is related to both diabetes and cognitive impairment; however, the associations between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive impairment have been reported less frequently among diabetes patients. A total of 1355 patients with type 2 diabetes aged ≥ 60 years were included in this study. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was administered to assess participants' cognitive status. We collected self-reported body weight, weight loss and appetite loss data using questionnaires. Associations between body weight status (in childhood, midlife age, and late life), weight loss, appetite changes and cognitive impairment were explored using logistic regression. Among the participants, 41.7% exhibited cognitive impairment. Overweight in childhood and late life was associated with cognitive impairment among diabetes patients (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.52-4.55; OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.03-1.69). Diabetes patients with cognitive impairment were more likely to report a body weight decline and appetite reduction in the past three months (OR 4.18, 95% CI 2.61-6.71; OR 4.41, 95% CI 2.67-7.29). Higher BMI, weight loss, and appetite reduction were positively correlated with cognitive impairment. Given the risk of cognitive impairment, we suggest that body weight and BMI decline should be monitored in patients with diabetes.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D015992', 'D005260', 'D060825', 'D000368', 'D003924', 'D015431', 'D008875', 'D001835', 'D000369', 'D001069', 'D001066']"
38889789,Functional adaptation of the infant craniofacial system to mechanical loadings arising from masticatory forces.,"The morphology and biomechanics of infant crania undergo significant changes between the pre- and post-weaning phases due to increasing loading of the masticatory system. The aims of this study were to characterize the changes in muscle forces, bite forces and the pattern of mechanical strain and stress arising from the aforementioned forces across crania in the first 48 months of life using imaging and finite element methods. A total of 51 head computed tomography scans of normal individuals were collected and analysed from a larger database of 217 individuals. The estimated mean muscle forces of temporalis, masseter and medial pterygoid increase from 30.9 to 87.0 N, 25.6 to 69.6 N and 23.1 to 58.9 N, respectively (0-48 months). Maximum bite force increases from 90.5 to 184.2 N (3-48 months). There is a change in the pattern of strain and stress from the calvaria to the face during postnatal development. Overall, this study highlights the changes in the mechanics of the craniofacial system during normal development. It further raises questions as to how and what level of changes in the mechanical forces during the development can alter the morphology of the craniofacial system.","['D007223', 'D006801', 'D001732', 'D001696', 'D012886', 'D002675', 'D014057', 'D020342', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008409', 'D000222', 'D007231', 'D013314', 'D008410']"
38888079,Challenges in differential diagnosis and treatment of cervical root resorption vs. root caries.,External cervical root resorption may be occasionally mistaken for root caries and vice versa. Radiographical and clinical differential diagnoses of cervical root resorption and root caries are essential for correct treatment planning and a successful treatment outcome. This article reviews the contemporary literature and summarises the prevailing professional consensus pertaining to external cervical root resorption. Clinical diagnostics which help distinguish cervical root resorption from root caries are outlined and treatment approaches of external cervical root resorption are discussed.,"['D006801', 'D012391', 'D017213', 'D003937', 'D019237', 'D012390']"
38887265,Lateral parabrachial nucleus astrocytes control food intake.,"Food intake behavior is under the tight control of the central nervous system. Most studies to date focus on the contribution of neurons to this behavior. However, although previously overlooked, astrocytes have recently been implicated to play a key role in feeding control. Most of the recent literature has focused on astrocytic contribution in the hypothalamus or the dorsal vagal complex. The contribution of astrocytes located in the lateral parabrachial nucleus (lPBN) to feeding behavior control remains poorly understood. Thus, here, we first investigated whether activation of lPBN astrocytes affects feeding behavior in male and female rats using chemogenetic activation. Astrocytic activation in the lPBN led to profound anorexia in both sexes, under both ad-libitum feeding schedule and after a fasting challenge. Astrocytes have a key contribution to glutamate homeostasis and can themselves release glutamate. Moreover, lPBN glutamate signaling is a key contributor to potent anorexia, which can be induced by lPBN activation. Thus, here, we determined whether glutamate signaling is necessary for lPBN astrocyte activation-induced anorexia, and found that pharmacological N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blockade attenuated the food intake reduction resulting from lPBN astrocyte activation. Since astrocytes have been shown to contribute to feeding control by modulating the feeding effect of peripheral feeding signals, we further investigated whether lPBN astrocyte activation is capable of modulating the anorexic effect of the gut/brain hormone, glucagon like peptide -1, as well as the orexigenic effect of the stomach hormone - ghrelin, and found that the feeding effect of both signals is modulated by lPBN astrocytic activation. Lastly, we found that lPBN astrocyte activation-induced anorexia is affected by a diet-induced obesity challenge, in a sex-divergent manner. Collectively, current findings uncover a novel role for lPBN astrocytes in feeding behavior control.","['D000818', 'D001253', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D051381', 'D004435', 'D065823', 'D000855', 'D005247', 'D017207', 'D018698', 'D016194']"
38879850,Mixed uncertainty analysis on pumping by peristaltic hearts using Dempster-Shafer theory.,"In this paper, we introduce the numerical strategy for mixed uncertainty propagation based on probability and Dempster-Shafer theories, and apply it to the computational model of peristalsis in a heart-pumping system. Specifically, the stochastic uncertainty in the system is represented with random variables while epistemic uncertainty is represented using non-probabilistic uncertain variables with belief functions. The mixed uncertainty is propagated through the system, resulting in the uncertainty in the chosen quantities of interest (QoI, such as flow volume, cost of transport and work). With the introduced numerical method, the uncertainty in the statistics of QoIs will be represented using belief functions. With three representative probability distributions consistent with the belief structure, global sensitivity analysis has also been implemented to identify important uncertain factors and the results have been compared between different peristalsis models. To reduce the computational cost, physics constrained generalized polynomial chaos method is adopted to construct cheaper surrogates as approximations for the full simulation.","['D010528', 'D035501', 'D003198', 'D006801', 'D008955', 'D013269', 'D055641', 'D000818', 'D006321', 'D008954', 'D017711']"
38879501,"Prospective study on health-related quality of life, oral mucositis and oral health on during treatment of head and neck cancer.","Few studies have examined health related Quality of Life (HR-QoL) during the treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC) with even fewer focusing on the impact of oral mucositis (OM) on HR-QoL. Studies performed during treatment of HNC makes it possible to follow fluctuations in HR-QoL, OM and other treatment related side effects. The aim was to prospectively analyze HR-QoL, changes in clinical variables and the impact of OM on HR-QoL during HNC treatment.","['D006801', 'D011788', 'D013280', 'D011446', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D006258', 'D009909', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D014987', 'D005500', 'D012463', 'D012472', 'D011795']"
38877680,Factors associated with changes in tacrolimus blood concentration after food initiation in patients with ulcerative colitis.,"The therapeutic effect of tacrolimus against ulcerative colitis (UC) is correlated with its trough blood concentration. Conventionally, oral tacrolimus for the treatment of UC is initiated under fasting conditions; once the symptoms improve, food intake is resumed. Tacrolimus blood concentration decreases with food intake compared with that under fasting conditions. The aim of this study was to explore the characteristics of patients with UC whose tacrolimus blood concentrations tended to decrease after food initiation. Medical data of 13 patients with UC and treated with tacrolimus were retrospectively obtained. The participant characteristics associated with the changes in tacrolimus blood concentrations after food initiation were analyzed using regression analysis based on the rate of decrease in the concentration/dose (C/D) ratio after food initiation. Single regression analysis showed that the number of days required from tacrolimus initiation to food resumption (P = 0.0071) and individual differences in the increase in tacrolimus blood concentration after administration (P = 0.0247) were significantly associated with the rate of decrease in the C/D ratio after food initiation. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis showed a significant effect of the number of days to food resumption (P = 0.0004) and individual differences in the increase in tacrolimus blood concentration after administration (P = 0.0012). The results suggest that the degree of change in blood tacrolimus concentration after food initiation may be related to the severity of the symptoms and pathology of UC. Early identification of participant characteristics may help control tacrolimus blood concentration fluctuations after food initiation.","['D006801', 'D016559', 'D003093', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D007166', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D012189', 'D012044', 'D000284', 'D055815', 'D005215', 'D000368', 'D004435']"
38877450,Early safety and efficiency outcomes of a novel interdisciplinary laparoscopic resection rectopexy combined with sacrocolpopexy for women with obstructive defecation syndrome and pelvic organ prolapse: a single center study.,Obstructive defecation syndrome (ODS) defines a disturbed defecation process frequently associated with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in women that substantially compromises quality of life. Conservative management offers limited relief and a surgical intervention may be required. This is characterized by individual approaches. AIM OF THE STUDY: This retrospective single center study evaluated the surgical and clinical short-term outcome of a novel interdisciplinary laparoscopic resection rectopexy (L-RRP) with mesh- sacrocolpopexy (L-SCP) for women suffering from ODS and POP.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D056887', 'D010535', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D013526', 'D016896', 'D014621', 'D012007', 'D003672', 'D011183', 'D013509', 'D013577', 'D003248']"
38876610,Inhibition of human starch digesting enzymes and intestinal glucose transport by walnut polyphenols.,"One approach to controlling type 2 diabetes (T2D) is to lower postprandialglucose spikesby slowing down the digestion of carbohydrates and the absorption of glucose in the small intestine. The consumption of walnuts is associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases such as T2D, suggested to be partly due to the high content of (poly)phenols. This study evaluated, for the first time, the inhibitory effect of a (poly)phenol-rich walnut extract on human carbohydrate digesting enzymes (salivary and pancreatic α-amylases, brush border sucrase-isomaltase) and on glucose transport across fully differentiated human intestinal Caco-2/TC7 monolayers. The walnut extract was rich in multiple (poly)phenols (70 % w/w) as analysed by Folin-Ciocalteau and by LCMS. It exhibited potent inhibition of both human salivary (IC50: 32.2 ± 2.5 µg walnut (poly)phenols (WP)/mL) and pancreatic (IC50: 56.7 ± 1.7 µg WP/mL) α-amylases, with weaker effects on human sucrase (IC50: 990 ± 20 µg WP/mL), maltase (IC50: 1300 ± 80 µg WP/mL), and isomaltase (IC25: 830 ± 60 µg WP/mL) activities. Selected individual walnut (poly)phenols inhibited human salivary α-amylase in the order: 1,3,4,6-tetragalloylglucose > ellagic acid pentoside > 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose, with no inhibition by ellagic acid, gallic acid and 4-O-methylgallic acid. The (poly)phenol-rich walnut extract also attenuated (up to 59 %) the transfer of 2-deoxy-D-glucose across differentiated Caco-2/TC7 cell monolayers. This is the first report on the effect of (poly)phenol-rich extracts from any commonly-consumed nut kernel on any human starch-digesting enzyme, and suggests a mechanism through which walnut consumption may lower postprandial glucose spikes and contribute to their proposed health benefits.","['D006801', 'D059808', 'D031324', 'D018938', 'D005947', 'D010936', 'D004063', 'D009754', 'D013213', 'D000516', 'D001692', 'D013394']"
38876609,"Incorporation of microencapsulated polyphenols from jabuticaba peel (Plinia spp.) into a dairy drink: stability, in vitro bioaccessibility, and glycemic response.","This work incorporated bioactives extracted from jabuticaba peel in the form of concentrated extract (JBE) and microencapsulated powders with maltodextrin (MDP) and gum arabic (GAP) in a dairy drink, evaluating its stability, in vitro bioaccessibility, and glycemic response. We evaluated the pH, acidity, colorimetry, total phenolics and anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity, degradation kinetics and half-life of anthocyanins, bioaccessibility, and postprandial glycemic physicochemical characteristics response in healthy individuals. The drinks incorporated with polyphenols (JBE, GAP, and MDP) and the control dairy drink (CDD) maintained stable pH and acidity over 28 days. In color, the parameter a*, the most relevant to the study, was reduced for all formulations due to degradation of anthocyanins. Phenolic and antioxidant content remained constant. In bioaccessibility, we found that after the gastrointestinal simulation, there was a decrease in phenolics and anthocyanins in all formulations. In the glycemic response, we observed that the smallest incremental areas of glucose were obtained for GAP and JBE compared to CDD, demonstrating that polyphenols reduced glucose absorption. Then, the bioactives from jabuticaba peel, incorporated into a dairy drink, showed good storage stability and improved the product's functional aspects.","['D059808', 'D006801', 'D011134', 'D000975', 'D006170', 'D000872', 'D010936', 'D003611', 'D001786', 'D005638', 'D001682', 'D006863', 'D004063', 'D027822', 'D004339', 'D038321', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328']"
38876603,Impacts of transglutaminase on the processing and digestion characteristics of glutinous rice flour: Insight of the interactions between enzymic crossing-linked protein and starch.,"Glutinous rice is extensively consumed due to its nutritious content and wonderful flavor. However, glutinous rice flour has a high glycemic index, and the storage deterioration of sweet dumplingsissevere. Transglutaminase (TG) was used to cross-link glutinous rice protein and improve the characteristics of glutinous rice products. The findings demonstrated that TG significantly catalysed protein cross-linking to form a dense protein network, reduced the viscosity of glutinous rice paste and improved the thermal stability. The protein network may physically block the access of starch granules to digestive enzymes to lower the digestion rate of starch, and attenuate the damage of ice crystal molecules to the starch structure to improve the freezing stability of starch gels. The cracking rate and water loss of sweet dumplings prepared using glutinous rice flour with TG treated for 60 min reduced significantly. In conclusion, this study broadened the application of TG in starch products.","['D012275', 'D011503', 'D013213', 'D005433', 'D005511', 'D004063', 'D014783', 'D010940']"
38930783,Cornus officinalis Extract Enriched with Ursolic Acid Ameliorates UVB-Induced Photoaging in Caenorhabditis elegans.,"Ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure can contribute to photoaging of skin. Cornus officinalis is rich in ursolic acid (UA), which is beneficial to the prevention of photoaging. Because UA is hardly soluble in water, the Cornus officinalis extract (COE) was obtained using water as the antisolvent to separate the components containing UA from the crude extract of Cornus officinalis. The effect of COE on UVB damage was assessed using Caenorhabditis elegans. The results showed that COE could increase the lifespan and enhance the antioxidant enzyme activity of C. elegans exposed to UVB while decreasing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. At the same time, COE upregulated the expression of antioxidant-related genes and promoted the migration of SKN-1 to the nucleus. Moreover, COE inhibited the expression of the skn-1 downstream gene and the extension of the lifespan in skn-1 mutants exposed to UVB, indicating that SKN-1 was required for COE to function. Our findings indicate that COE mainly ameliorates the oxidative stress caused by UVB in C. elegans via the SKN-1/Nrf2 pathway.","['D000818', 'D017173', 'D014315', 'D000097245', 'D014466', 'D010936', 'D029742', 'D018384', 'D029768', 'D000975', 'D017382', 'D015595', 'D014157', 'D004268', 'D008136', 'D051267']"
38929564,Evaluating the Impact of Oleocanthal and Oleacein on Skin Aging: Results of a Randomized Clinical Study.,"The prevalence of skin aging and the request for effective treatments have driven dermatological research towards natural solutions. This study investigates the anti-aging efficacy of two bioactive natural polyphenols, Oleocanthal and Oleacein, in a skincare formulation. A single-blind, randomized clinical trial involved 70 participants, using a comprehensive exclusion criterion to ensure participant safety and study integrity. Participants applied the Oleocanthal and Oleacein 1% serum formulation twice daily for 30 days. The efficacy was objectively assessed using the VISIA® Skin Analysis System at baseline, after 15 days, and after 30 days. Results indicated significant wrinkle reduction in most groups. For women aged 45-79 years, the mean change was -33.91% (95% CI: -46.75% to -21.07%). For men aged 20-44 years, it was -51.93% (95% CI: -76.54% to -27.33%), and for men aged 45-79 years, it was -46.56% (95% CI: -58.32% to -34.81%). For women aged 20-44 years, the change was -25.68% (95% CI: -63.91% to 12.54%), not statistically significant. These findings highlight the potential of EVOO-derived polyphenols in anti-aging skincare, particularly for older adults. This research paves the way for further exploration into natural compounds in dermatology, particularly for aging skin management.","['D006801', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D015595', 'D000081004', 'D000447', 'D016037', 'D010636']"
38924411,Alcaligenes faecalis corrects aberrant matrix metalloproteinase expression to promote reepithelialization of diabetic wounds.,"Chronic wounds are a common and costly complication of diabetes, where multifactorial defects contribute to dysregulated skin repair, inflammation, tissue damage, and infection. We previously showed that aspects of the diabetic foot ulcer microbiota were correlated with poor healing outcomes, but many microbial species recovered remain uninvestigated with respect to wound healing. Here, we focused on Alcaligenes faecalis, a Gram-negative bacterium that is frequently recovered from chronic wounds but rarely causes infection. Treatment of diabetic wounds with A. faecalis accelerated healing during early stages. We investigated the underlying mechanisms and found that A. faecalis treatment promotes reepithelialization of diabetic keratinocytes, a process that is necessary for healing but deficient in chronic wounds. Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases in diabetes contributes to failed epithelialization, and we found that A. faecalis treatment balances this overexpression to allow proper healing. This work uncovers a mechanism of bacterial-driven wound repair and provides a foundation for the development of microbiota-based wound interventions.","['D042481', 'D014945', 'D000818', 'D015603', 'D006801', 'D020782', 'D017719', 'D051379', 'D062326', 'D008297']"
38924160,Photoprotection: Current developments and controversies.,"This review aimed at summarizing some of the key points that were discussed during the photoprotection session at the International Forum of Dermatology in 2022. This international conference was designed to address prominent topics of clinical dermatology in a holistic way, allowing to articulate multiple viewpoints. Therefore, this review does not claim to be exhaustive, but is instead intended to give an overview of recent developments and ongoing controversies in the field of photoprotection. Cumulative ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is the major aetiological factor in the development of photoageing, photoimunosuppression and photocarcinogenesis. UVA (320-400 nm) penetrates into the dermis and damages DNA and other intracellular and acellular targets primarily by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is the major contributor to photoageing, characterized by fine and coarse wrinkles, dyspigmentation and loss of elasticity. UVB (290-320 nm) is responsible for sunburns through direct damage to DNA by the formation of 6-4 cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine 6-4 pyrimidone photoproducts. Both UVA and UVB exposure increase the risk of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. In recent years, visible light (VL; 400-700 nm) has also been implicated in the exacerbation of conditions aggravated by sun exposure such as hyperpigmentation and melasma. Photoprotection is a critical health strategy to reduce the deleterious effects of UVR and VL. Comprehensive photoprotection strategies include staying in the shade when outdoors, wearing photoprotective clothing including a wide-brimmed hat, and sunglasses, and the use of sunscreen. Due to the absorption of UV filters, the safety of sunscreens has been questioned. Newer sunscreens are becoming available with filters with absorption even beyond the UV spectrum, offering enhanced protection compared with older products. Prevention of photocarcinogenesis, sun-induced or sunlight-exacerbated hyperpigmentary conditions and drug-induced photosensitivity is an important reason for adopting comprehensive photoprotection strategies.","['D006801', 'D013473', 'D014466', 'D015595', 'D012878', 'D013471']"
38922798,Real-world experience with a treatment with a skincare regimen of products containing the Macrocystis pyrifera ferment for optimizing facial skin rejuvenation.,Specialized aesthetic skincare treatments are an important part of helping reduce facial signs of aging.,"['D006801', 'D012060', 'D015595', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D017592', 'D005145', 'D017060', 'D000328', 'D004890', 'D000368', 'D008297', 'D016896']"
38910501,Integrating Skincare into Medical Practice.,"The integration of skincare into medical practice can enhance patient care. Understanding the anatomy and physiology of the skin is the foundation for effective skincare interventions. Genetic and inflammatory conditions play a significant role in aesthetic skin physiology. There are key active ingredients that are pivotal in addressing various skin concerns. Sunscreens provide crucial protection against UV radiation, while pigment control agents such as hydroquinone, kojic acid, and arbutin target the melanin pathway. Exfoliating agents and skin turnover enhancers such as retinoids and hydroxy acids promote skin renewal and rejuvenation. In addition, ingredients such as hyaluronic acid, ceramides, niacinamide, antioxidants, peptides, and botanicals contribute to improving skin quality. Adding skincare to medical practice requires careful product selection, patient education, and marketing strategies.","['D006801', 'D017592', 'D013473', 'D015595', 'D012871', 'D003879']"
38899793,"The investigation and comparison of the efficacy and safety of stromal vascular fraction (SVF), platelet rich plasma (PRP), and 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser in reducing nanofat treated infraorbital dark circles and wrinkles: A controlled blinded randomized clinical trial.","To evaluate the efficacy and safety of stromal vascular fraction (SVF), platelet rich plasma (PRP), and 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser in reducing nanofat treated dark circles and wrinkles under the eyes.","['D006801', 'D015595', 'D005260', 'D053844', 'D053657', 'D008875', 'D016037', 'D000328', 'D003357', 'D016896', 'D008297', 'D017060']"
38898373,The efficacy and safety of autologous epidermal cell suspensions for re-epithelialization of skin lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.,"Successful usage of autologous skin cell suspension (ASCS) has been demonstrated in some clinical trials. However, its efficacy and safety have not been verified. This latest systematic review and meta-analysis aim to examine the effects of autologous epidermal cell suspensions in re-epithelialization of skin lesions.","['D006801', 'D016032', 'D000078404', 'D014182', 'D062326', 'D016896', 'D014945', 'D012871']"
38898170,Laser-mediated Solutions: Breaking Barriers in Transdermal Drug Delivery.,"Skin diseases pose challenges in treatment due to the skin's complex structure and protective functions. Topical drug delivery has emerged as a preferred method for treating these conditions, offering localized therapy with minimal systemic side effects. However, the skin's barrier properties frequently limit topical treatments' efficacy by preventing drug penetration into deeper skin layers. In recent years, laser-assisted drug delivery (LADD) has gained attention as a promising strategy to overcome these limitations. LADD involves using lasers to create microchannels in the skin, facilitating the deposition of drugs and enhancing their penetration into the target tissue. Several lasers, such as fractional CO2, have been tested to see how well they work at delivering drugs. Despite the promising outcomes demonstrated in preclinical and clinical studies, several challenges persist in implementing LADD, including limited penetration depth, potential tissue damage, and the cost of LADD systems. Furthermore, selecting appropriate laser parameters and drug formulations is crucial to ensuring optimal therapeutic outcomes. Nevertheless, LADD holds significant potential for improving treatment efficacy for various skin conditions, including skin cancers, scars, and dermatological disorders. Future research efforts should focus on optimizing LADD techniques, addressing safety concerns, and exploring novel drug formulations to maximize the therapeutic benefits of this innovative approach. With continued advancements in laser technology and pharmaceutical science, LADD has the potential to revolutionize the field of dermatology and enhance patient care.","['D000279', 'D006801', 'D016503', 'D007834', 'D012867', 'D012869', 'D012871', 'D000818']"
38894093,Effect of Skin Pigmentation and Finger Choice on Accuracy of Oxygen Saturation Measurement in an IoT-Based Pulse Oximeter.,"Pulse oximeters are widely used in hospitals and homes for measurement of blood oxygen saturation level (SpO2) and heart rate (HR). Concern has been raised regarding a possible bias in obtaining pulse oximeter measurements from different fingertips and the potential effect of skin pigmentation (white, brown, and dark). In this study, we obtained 600 SpO2 measurements from 20 volunteers using three UK NHS-approved commercial pulse oximeters alongside our custom-developed sensor, and used the Munsell colour system (5YR and 7.5YR cards) to classify the participants' skin pigmentation into three distinct categories (white, brown, and dark). The statistical analysis using ANOVA post hoc tests (Bonferroni correction), a Bland-Altman plot, and a correlation test were then carried out to determine if there was clinical significance in measuring the SpO2 from different fingertips and to highlight if skin pigmentation affects the accuracy of SpO2 measurement. The results indicate that although the three commercial pulse oximeters had different means and standard deviations, these differences had no clinical significance.","['D006801', 'D010092', 'D012880', 'D005385', 'D000089382', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D010100', 'D006339', 'D055815']"
38892482,"Oral Administration of Deer Bone Collagen Peptide Can Enhance the Skin Hydration Ability and Antioxidant Ability of Aging Mice Induced by D-Gal, and Regulate the Synthesis and Degradation of Collagen.","Skin problems caused by aging have attracted much attention, and marine collagen peptides have been proved to improve these problems, while mammalian collagen peptides are rarely reported. In this study, fermented deer bone collagen peptide (FCP) and non-fermented deer bone collagen peptide (NCP) were extracted from fermented and non-fermented deer bone, respectively, and their peptide sequences and differential proteins were analyzed using LC-MS/MS technology. After they were applied to aging mice induced with D-gal, the skin hydration ability, antioxidant ability, collagen synthesis, and degradation ability of the mice were studied. The results show that FCP and NCP are mainly peptides that constitute type Ⅰ collagen, and their peptide segments are different. In vivo experiments show that FCP and NCP can improve the richness of collagen fibers in the skin of aging mice; improve the hydration ability of skin; promote the activity of antioxidant-related enzymes; and also show that through the TGF-β and MAPK pathways, the synthesis and degradation of collagen in skin are regulated. These results show that deer bone collagen peptide can improve skin problems caused by aging, promote skin hydration and antioxidant capacity of aging mice, and regulate collagen synthesis and degradation through the MAPK pathway.","['D000818', 'D003670', 'D000975', 'D051379', 'D012867', 'D001842', 'D003094', 'D000375', 'D000284', 'D010455', 'D015595', 'D008297', 'D005285', 'D024042']"
38892387,The Skin-Brain Axis: From UV and Pigmentation to Behaviour Modulation.,"The skin-brain axis has been suggested to play a role in several pathophysiological conditions, including opioid addiction, Parkinson's disease and many others. Recent evidence suggests that pathways regulating skin pigmentation may directly and indirectly regulate behaviour. Conversely, CNS-driven neural and hormonal responses have been demonstrated to regulate pigmentation, e.g., under stress. Additionally, due to the shared neuroectodermal origins of the melanocytes and neurons in the CNS, certain CNS diseases may be linked to pigmentation-related changes due to common regulators, e.g., MC1R variations. Furthermore, the HPA analogue of the skin connects skin pigmentation to the endocrine system, thereby allowing the skin to index possible hormonal abnormalities visibly. In this review, insight is provided into skin pigment production and neuromelanin synthesis in the brain and recent findings are summarised on how signalling pathways in the skin, with a particular focus on pigmentation, are interconnected with the central nervous system. Thus, this review may supply a better understanding of the mechanism of several skin-brain associations in health and disease.","['D006801', 'D012880', 'D001921', 'D000818', 'D012867', 'D014466', 'D008543', 'D015398', 'D001519']"
38892049,Melanin for Photoprotection and Hair Coloration in the Emerging Era of Nanocosmetics.,"Nanotechnology is revolutionizing fields of high social and economic impact. such as human health preservation, energy conversion and storage, environmental decontamination, and art restoration. However, the possible global-scale application of nanomaterials is raising increasing concerns, mostly related to the possible toxicity of materials at the nanoscale. The possibility of using nanomaterials in cosmetics, and hence in products aimed to be applied directly to the human body, even just externally, is strongly debated. Preoccupation arises especially from the consideration that nanomaterials are mostly of synthetic origin, and hence are often seen as ""artificial"" and their effects as unpredictable. Melanin, in this framework, is a unique material since in nature it plays important roles that specific cosmetics are aimed to cover, such as photoprotection and hair and skin coloration. Moreover, melanin is mostly present in nature in the form of nanoparticles, as is clearly observable in the ink of some animals, like cuttlefish. Moreover, artificial melanin nanoparticles share the same high biocompatibility of the natural ones and the same unique chemical and photochemical properties. Melanin is hence a natural nanocosmetic agent, but its actual application in cosmetics is still under development, also because of regulatory issues. Here, we critically discuss the most recent examples of the application of natural and biomimetic melanin to cosmetics and highlight the requirements and future steps that would improve melanin-based cosmetics in the view of future applications in the everyday market.","['D008543', 'D006801', 'D006200', 'D000818', 'D003358', 'D053758', 'D012880', 'D049329', 'D036103']"
38891783,Identification of Yellow Advanced Glycation End Products in Human Skin.,"Skin yellowness is a hallmark of dull or unhealthy skin, particularly among Asians. Previous research has indicated a link between skin glycation and skin yellowness. However, the specific glycated chemicals contributing to yellowish skin appearance have not been identified yet. Using HPLC-PDA-HRMS coupled with native and artificially glycated human epidermal explant skin, we identified intensely yellow colored glycated chromophores ""(1R, 8aR) and (1S, 8aR)-4-(2-furyl)-7-[(2-furyl)-methylidene]-2-hydroxy-2H,7H,8AH-pyrano-[2,3-B]-pyran-3-one"" (abbreviated as AGEY) from human skin samples for the first time. The abundance of AGEY was strongly correlated with skin yellowness in the multiple skin explant tissues. We further confirmed the presence of AGEY in cultured human keratinocytes and 3D reconstructed human epidermal (RHE) models. Additionally, we demonstrated that a combination of four cosmetic compounds with anti-glycation properties can inhibit the formation of AGEY and reduce yellowness in the RHE models. In conclusion, we have identified specific advanced glycation end products with an intense yellow color, namely AGEY, in human skin tissues for the first time. The series of study results highlighted the significant contribution of AGEY to the yellow appearance of the skin. Furthermore, we have identified a potential cosmetic solution to mitigate AGEY formation, leading to a reduction in yellowness in the in vitro RHE models.","['D006801', 'D017127', 'D012867', 'D015603', 'D002851', 'D006031', 'D004817', 'D003358', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D012880']"
38890761,Secure attachment priming inhibits the generalization of conditioned fear.,"Fear overgeneralization constitutes a susceptibility factor contributing to the development and maintenance of anxiety spectrum disorders. Extant research has demonstrated that exposure to positive and supportive social relationships attenuates fear acquisition and promotes the extinction of conditioned fear responses. However, the literature lacks investigation into the effect of secure attachment priming on inhibiting the generalization of conditioned fear.","['D006801', 'D005239', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D055815', 'D005793', 'D009769', 'D000328', 'D003214', 'D005712', 'D005108', 'D000293']"
38887837,"Combination of total glucosides of paeony, narrow-band ultraviolet B, and oral corticosteroid mini-pulse therapy for nonsegmental vitiligo: A retrospective study.",The total glucoside of paeony (TGP) is recognized for its immunomodulatory properties and anti-inflammatory effects. This study evaluates the efficacy of TGP combined with oral mini-pulse therapy (OMP) and narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) in treating active nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV).,"['D006801', 'D014820', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D014467', 'D012189', 'D029596', 'D005960', 'D003131', 'D008875', 'D055815', 'D000305', 'D016896', 'D000284', 'D010936', 'D000293', 'D012880']"
38886965,Integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation identifies CPE as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for skin aging.,"Ageing is an inevitable biological process characterized by progressive decline in physiological functions. It is a complex natural phenomenon that will cause structural and functional decline. Despite substantial progress in understanding the mechanism of ageing, both predictive biomarkers and preventive therapies remain limited. Using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and machine learning techniques, we identified Carboxypeptidase E (CPE) as a pivotal marker of skin ageing, based on ageing-related bulk transcriptome and single-cell transcriptome data. Next, our investigation reveals downregulation of CPE in replicative, UVA-induced, and H2O2-induced senescent human dermal fibroblast cells (HDFs). Furthermore, shRNA-mediated CPE knockdown induced HDFs senescence, and overexpression of CPE delayed HDFs senescence. Moreover, downregulated CPE inhibits collagen synthesis and induces inflammation, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for skin ageing. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that CPE functions as a predictor and optional target for therapeutic intervention of skin ageing.","['D006801', 'D015595', 'D005347', 'D019295', 'D016922', 'D015415', 'D000069550', 'D059467', 'D003094', 'D015536', 'D012867', 'D014466', 'D006861']"
38886457,Investigation on the influence of the skin tone on hyperspectral imaging for free flap surgery.,"Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a new emerging modality useful for the noncontact assessment of free flap perfusion. This measurement technique relies on the optical properties within the tissue. Since the optical properties of hemoglobin (Hb) and melanin overlap, the results of the perfusion assessment and other tissue-specific parameters are likely to be distorted by the melanin, especially at higher melanin concentrations. Many spectroscopic devices have been shown to struggle with a melanin related bias, which results in a clinical need to improve non-invasive perfusion assessment, especially for a more pigmented population. This study investigated the influence of skin tones on tissue indices measurements using HSI. In addition, other factors that might affect HSI, such as age, body mass index (BMI), sex or smoking habits, were also considered. Therefore, a prospective feasibility study was conducted, including 101 volunteers from whom tissue indices measurements were performed on 16 different body sites. Skin tone classification was performed using the Fitzpatrick skin type classification questionnaire, and the individual typology angle (ITA) acquired from the RGB images was calculated simultaneously with the measurements. Tissue indices provided by the used HSI-device were correlated to the possible influencing factors. The results show that a dark skin tone and, therefore, higher levels of pigmentation influence the HSI-derived tissue indices. In addition, possible physiological factors influencing the HSI-measurements were found. In conclusion, the HSI-based tissue indices can be used for perfusion assessment for people with lighter skin tone levels but show limitations in people with darker skin tones. Furthermore, it could be used for a more individual perfusion assessment if different physiological influencing factors are respected.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D012880', 'D008875', 'D000081862', 'D058752', 'D012867', 'D008543', 'D000368', 'D011446', 'D055815', 'D005240', 'D006454']"
38881903,Poly-l-lactic acid microspheres delay aging of epidermal stem cells in rat skin.,"Injectable skin fillers offer a wider range of options for cutaneous anti-aging and facial rejuvenation. PLLA microspheres are increasingly favored as degradable and long-lasting fillers. The present study focused solely on the effect of PLLA on dermal collagen, without investigating its impact on the epidermis. In this study, we investigated the effects of PLLA microspheres on epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs).","['D000818', 'D008863', 'D011091', 'D051381', 'D016922', 'D015595', 'D013234', 'D049109', 'D000078404', 'D002478', 'D017207', 'D004817', 'D002465', 'D000067548']"
38881451,Looking for the philosopher's stone: Emerging approaches to target the hallmarks of aging in the skin.,"Senescence and epigenetic alterations are two important hallmarks of cellular aging. During aging, cells subjected to stress undergo many cycles of damage and repair before finally entering either apoptosis or senescence, a permanent state of cell cycle arrest. The first biomarkers of senescence to be identified were increased ß-galactosidase activity and induction of p16INK4a. Another feature of senescent cells is the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), a complex secretome containing more than 80 pro-inflammatory factors including metalloproteinases, growth factors, chemokines and cytokines. The secretome is regulated through a dynamic process involving a self-amplifying autocrine feedback loop and activation of the immune system. Senescent cells play positive and negative roles depending on the composition of their SASP and may participate in various processes including wound healing and tumour suppression, as well as cell regeneration, embryogenesis, tumorigenesis, inflammation and finally aging. The SASP is also a biomarker of age, biological aging and age-related diseases. Recent advances in anti-age research have shown that senescence can be now prevented or delayed by clearing the senescent cells or mitigating the effects of SASP factors, which can be achieved by a healthy lifestyle (exercise and diet), and senolytics and senomorphics, respectively. An alternative is tissue rejuvenation, which can be achieved by stimulating aged stem cells and reprogramming deprogrammed aged cells. These non-clinical findings will open up new avenues of clinical research into the development of treatments capable of preventing or treating age-related pathologies in humans.","['D006801', 'D015595', 'D016922', 'D000089262', 'D012060', 'D000375', 'D015415', 'D000089322']"
38881450,Photoaging and cosmeceutical solutions in sun-overexposed countries: The experience of Australia and Brazil.,"Skin aging is the result of physiological changes determined by genetically driven processes and intrinsic factors, and exacerbated by a combination of multiple environmental factors, the main one being sun exposure. The effects of photoaging are particularly apparent on the face, where the appearance of aging signs can have a significant impact on the emotions conveyed and well-being. Photoprotection and facial skin care for managing photoaging signs are thus of particular importance for both physical and mental health. Countries, like Australia and Brazil, where the level of sun exposure is high and the populations have predominantly outdoor lifestyles, are particularly aware of the harms of photoaging and have implemented several measures to help reduce the risk of skin cancer in their populations. However, sun-seeking behaviours are difficult to change, and it takes time before interventions provide perceptible results. Australia still has some of the highest skin cancer incidence and mortality rates in the world. Solutions that target individuals can also be used for minimizing the clinical signs of facial aging and for improving skin quality, with the ultimate aim being not only to improve the appearance of the skin but also to mitigate the occurrence of pre-malignant and malignant lesions. This review summarizes the features of facial skin photoaging in photo-exposed populations, based on evidence gained from studies of Australian individuals, and discusses the various available solutions for skin photoaging, in particular those that are most popular in Brazil, which is a country with many years of experience in managing photoaged skin.","['D006801', 'D015595', 'D001938', 'D001315', 'D013472', 'D013473', 'D000068937', 'D012878', 'D005145']"
38881448,Combined multilevel anti-aging strategies and practical applications of dermocosmetics in aesthetic procedures.,"Management of the signs of facial aging and other cosmetic skin problems have greatly evolved in the past years. People are also seeking to improve their well-being and global skin appearance, and when they consider using cosmetic procedures, they expect natural and long-lasting aesthetic results. Combined dermocosmetic approaches that address the signs of facial aging at all levels are increasingly being used by dermatologists to meet patient expectations while ensuring their safety. Minimally invasive and reversible procedures that can be performed in only one session are popular approaches for skin restructuring and volumizing as they are flexible, rapid and less burdensome for patients. These interventions can achieve even better outcomes when they are combined with cosmeceuticals as pre- or post-procedural adjuvants to prepare the skin, accelerate recovery and sustain results. The use of topical dermocosmetics is also recommended as part of the daily skin care routine to improve skin quality and help maintain skin barrier function. This review thus outlines the most commonly used combined multilevel anti-aging strategies, which start by addressing the deepest skin layers and then the more superficial signs of skin aging. Examples of multi-active cosmeceuticals and skin delivery enhancing systems are also presented, together with examples of the use of dermocosmetics as supportive care for aesthetic procedures, to provide insights into current applications of dermocosmetic products.","['D006801', 'D015595', 'D000068937', 'D003357', 'D005145']"
38881445,Top weapons in skin aging and actives to target the consequences of skin cell senescence.,"Skin aging has long been considered a purely cosmetic problem. However, as life expectancy increases, skin aging is taking on a functional dimension that goes beyond cosmetics and appearance. Preventive or therapeutic strategies are needed to target cellular senescence, a key process underlying the alterations in skin function and appearance that occur with aging, as well as to address the age-related skin changes associated with 'dermatoporosis' and chronic skin insufficiency/fragility syndrome. Thus, given the need for effective anti-aging products that improve both the appearance and function of the skin, it is essential to distinguish active ingredients that have been proven to be effective, among the large number of available over-the-counter cosmeceuticals. This brief review focuses on a core group of topical actives, describing their clinical effects on senescence and aging, and their molecular mechanisms of action. These actives include hyaluronic acid, which has hydrating and viscoelastic properties and has been shown to reduce skin atrophy; retinaldehyde, which activates retinoid receptors and increases cutaneous elasticity; vitamins C and E, which provide stable oxidative protection; and niacinamide, which reduces inflammation and mitigates the effects of senescence.","['D015595', 'D006801', 'D016922', 'D006820', 'D001205', 'D009536', 'D014810', 'D000068937', 'D012867']"
38881437,Anti-aging trends in Australia.,"Anti-aging trends in Australia have changed considerably since the country emerged from the lockdowns associated with the SARS-Cov2 pandemic. People now rely on social media influencers for skin care advice and skin care products, including professional skin care treatments that can be purchased on Internet platforms. The quest for the perfect 'zoom face' led to a 300% rise in cosmetic procedures across Australia in the year to April 2021. People now want to use less products on their skin, while looking healthy and natural (termed 'skin minimalism'). The popularity of retinoid derivatives for preventing wrinkles has been superseded by non-irritating actives like hyaluronic acid (HA) and niacinamide that provide skin barrier protection, skin hydration, plumping and anti-inflammatory effects. Botulinum toxin injections remain the most popular non-surgical cosmetic procedure, followed by HA fillers, and biostimulators that promote the synthesis of collagen and give longer lasting but more gradual results than HA fillers. Laser resurfacing is widely used for epidermal resurfacing and skin tightening, as well as non-ablative lasers, intense pulsed light and radiofrequency or ultrasound skin tightening devices. Superficial chemical peels are still popular because they are relatively gentle, inexpensive, and require no downtime, whereas medium-to-deep chemical peels have largely been superseded by laser technology. However, the most efficient approach to prevent skin aging is adopting a healthy lifestyle and taking action against all factors of the skin aging exposome.","['D006801', 'D015595', 'D001315', 'D003357', 'D000086382', 'D006820', 'D000067548']"
38880494,"A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, active-controlled, phase 3 clinical trial to compare the effectiveness and safety of two botulinum toxin type A formulations for improving moderate to severe glabellar wrinkles in Asians.","Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) was first isolated in 1946, and since then, several formulations have been developed and widely used to treat wrinkles by inducing muscle paralysis. This multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, active-controlled phase 3 clinical trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a newly developed BoNT-A formulation, BMI2006, in improving moderate to severe glabellar wrinkles and to compare with existing onabotulinumtoxin A (OBoNT) injections. A total of 276 subjects were enrolled and received 20 units of the randomized material, which was intramuscularly injected into five different locations on the forehead. The primary endpoint, assessed at 4 weeks, showed no statistically significant difference in the improvement rate of glabellar wrinkles between the two groups, with BMI2006 demonstrating non-inferiority to comparator BoNT-A. Secondary endpoints, evaluated by both treating investigators and independent investigators, also exhibited similar improvement rates throughout the study period. Both groups reported high levels of satisfaction with no statistical difference between the two groups. Safety evaluations indicated mild and transient adverse events, with no serious reactions observed. In conclusion, BMI2006 is an effective and safe BoNT-A for treating glabellar wrinkles with an expected duration of action between 8 and 12 weeks.","['D006801', 'D019274', 'D004311', 'D015595', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D005546', 'D016896', 'D007273', 'D044466', 'D009465', 'D017060']"
38879876,Evaluation of ruxolitinib cream 1.5% as an at-home therapy for repigmentation in non-segmental vitiligo.,"Vitiligo is a chronic, autoimmune condition characterized by skin depigmentation caused by inflammatory-mediated melanocyte degradation. Treatment of vitiligo is challenging due to the chronic nature of the condition. Ruxolitinib cream 1.5% was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a Janus kinase 1 and 2 inhibitor for use in nonsegmental vitiligo for those 12 years and older.","['D009570', 'D006801', 'D014820', 'D011743', 'D011720', 'D012880', 'D053613', 'D063465', 'D053614', 'D000075242']"
38878236,"Effectiveness of fractional erbium-YAG laser, microneedling, platelet-rich plasma in localized stable vitiligo patients: randomized clinical trial.","Vitiligo is considered an autoimmune disease, and its treatment is challenging. We assessed and compared the effect of fractional erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser-assisted delivery of platelet-rich plasma versus microneedling (Mn) with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in enhancing skin repigmentation in localized stable vitiligo patients. In total, 40 patients with localized stable vitiligo were selected in a random manner into two similar groups (20 each). Group (A) was subjected to fractional Er:YAG laser combined with platelet-rich plasma and Group (B) was subjected to microneedling combined with platelet-rich plasma. The procedure was repeated every 2 weeks for up to 6 months. Each individual was assessed clinically utilizing Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI). Fractional Er:YAG + PRP group achieved better pigmentation100% (excellent 30%, very good 15%, good 30% and satisfactory 25%) which is comparable to Mn + PRP where 80% of cases demonstrate repigmentation (20% very good, 10% good and 50% mild). When comparing the VASI scores for both groups after therapy to the baseline VASI, there was a statistically significant decrease [p = 0.001 for group(A) and 0.003 for group(B)]. Regarding the treatment side effects, there was significantly (p = 0.048) side effects among cases treated with microneedling group(B) (25%) than those fractional Er:Yag laser therapy group(A) (5%). Both forms of therapy demonstrated induction of repigmentation of vitiligo, but fractional Er:YAG laser efficacy is greater when combined with platelet-rich plasma.Clinical trials.gov identifier: NCT05511493.","['D006801', 'D014820', 'D053657', 'D053844', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D016896', 'D012880', 'D009339', 'D055815', 'D008875', 'D000293', 'D000079245', 'D003131', 'D000097244']"
38878217,"Vascular feature identification in actinic keratosis grades I-III using dynamic optical coherence tomography with automated, quantitative analysis.","Clinical grading of actinic keratosis (AK) is based on skin surface features, while subclinical alterations are not taken into consideration. Dynamic optical coherence tomography (D-OCT) enables quantification of the skin´s vasculature, potentially helpful to improve the link between clinical and subclinical features. We aimed to compare microvascular characteristics across AK grades using D-OCT with automated vascular analysis. This explorative study examined AK and photodamaged skin (PD) on the face or scalp. AKs were clinically graded according to the Olsen Classification scheme before D-OCT assessment. Using an open-source software tool, the OCT angiographic analyzer (OCTAVA), we quantified vascular network features, including total and mean vessel length, mean vessel diameter, vessel area density (VAD), branchpoint density (BD), and mean tortuosity from enface maximum intensity projection images. Additionally, we performed subregional analyses on selected scans to overcome challenges associated with imaging through hyperkeratosis (each lesion group; n = 18). Our study included 45 patients with a total of 205 AKs; 93 grade I lesions, 65 grade II, 47 grade III and 89 areas with PD skin. We found that all AK grades were more extensively vascularized relative to PD, as shown by greater total vessel length and VAD (p ≤ 0.009). Moreover, AKs displayed a disorganized vascular network, with higher BD in AK I-II (p < 0.001), and mean tortuosity in AK II-III (p ≤ 0.001) than in PD. Vascularization also increased with AK grade, showing significantly greater total vessel length in AK III than AK I (p = 0.029). Microvascular quantification of AK unveiled subclinical, quantitative differences among AK grades I-III and PD skin. D-OCT-based microvascular assessment may serve as a supplement to clinical AK grading, potentially raising perspectives to improve management strategies.","['D006801', 'D041623', 'D055623', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D008875', 'D012867', 'D012720', 'D000369', 'D012535', 'D015595', 'D005145']"
38863083,Quantitative skin surface hydration measurement by visible optical image processing: A pilot study.,"Skin barrier function is significantly impacted by skin moisture. Most non-invasive evaluation techniques to measure skin surface hydration relying on its electrical properties, which are limited in scope and have unstable operations. Applying image processing for skin hydration assessment is uncommon, with an emphasis on skin-capacitive pictures and near-infrared images in general, which demand a certain spectrum. As a result, there is an increasing need for wide-area skin hydration evaluation and mapping.","['D006801', 'D010865', 'D000465', 'D000328', 'D012867', 'D005260', 'D007091', 'D008297', 'D012879', 'D055815', 'D061848']"
38862719,Translation from Preclinical Research to Clinical Trials: Transdermal Drug Delivery for Neurodegenerative and Mental Disorders.,"Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), particularly dementia, provide significant problems to worldwide healthcare systems. The development of therapeutic materials for various diseases has a severe challenge in the form of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Transdermal treatment has recently garnered widespread favor as an alternative method of delivering active chemicals to the brain. This approach has several advantages, including low invasiveness, self-administration, avoidance of first-pass metabolism, preservation of steady plasma concentrations, regulated release, safety, efficacy, and better patient compliance. Topics include the transdermal method for therapeutic NDs, their classification, and the mechanisms that allow the medicine to enter the bloodstream through the skin. The paper also discusses the obstacles and potential outcomes of transdermal therapy, emphasizing the benefits and drawbacks of different approaches.","['D006801', 'D000279', 'D019636', 'D001523', 'D000818', 'D001812', 'D016503', 'D057170', 'D002986', 'D012867', 'D012869']"
38858846,Upper eyelid morphology and age-related changes in Japanese and Chinese females.,Many consumers use cosmetic eye products to counteract age-related changes in appearance. Measurements of eyelid shape in Asian women have been reported in the frontal view or 45-degree profile only. The aim of this study was to describe morphological characteristics of the upper eyelid in Japanese and Chinese females from the frontal and profile aspects and examine morphological changes with age.,"['D000293', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D005260', 'D006801', 'D008875', 'D055815', 'D000375', 'D044466', 'D002681', 'D000095225', 'D005143', 'D007564', 'D010781', 'D015595']"
38855894,Effect of a low-mineralized thermal spring water on skin barrier mechanical properties using atomic force microscopy.,"The mineral content of thermal spring water (TSW) applied to the skin surface can directly influence the skin barrier. Indeed, our previous study showed that Avène TSW (ATSW), a low mineral content thermal spring water, protects the stratum corneum from dehydration compared to a mineral-rich TSW (MR-TSW) and maintains skin surface ultrastructure. While many TSWs have been recognized to have beneficial effects on skin, little is known about their localized and specific effects on skin barrier biomechanics at the nanometric scale. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of ATSW with a reference, MR-TSW, on the biomechanical barrier properties of the skin under homeostasis conditions using atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM was used to obtain a precise nanomechanical mapping of the skin surface after three applications of both TSW. This provides specific information on the skin topographical profile and elasticity. The topographic profile of skin samples showed a specific compaction of the skin layers after application of MR-TSW, characterized by an increase of the total number of external skin layers, compared to non-treated samples. By contrast, ATSW did not modify the skin topographic profile. High-resolution force/volume acquisitions to capture the elastic modulus showed that it was directly correlated with skin rigidity. The elastic modulus strongly and significantly increased after MR-TSW application compared to non-treated skin. By contrast, applications of ATSW did not increase elastic modulus. These data demonstrate that applications of MR-TSW significantly modified skin barrier properties by increasing skin surface layer compaction and skin rigidity. By contrast, ATSW did not modify the topographical profile of skin explants nor induce mechanical stress at the level of the stratum corneum, indicating it does not disrupt the biophysical properties linked to skin surface integrity.","['D018625', 'D006801', 'D012867', 'D055119', 'D001696', 'D008900', 'D045482', 'D012879', 'D004548']"
38853249,Correlation of non-invasive psycho-physiological and skin-physiological measures.,"Psychological stress alters epidermal barrier function. While intensive studies on the underlying mechanism have been performed in mice, human studies are limited. Non-invasive skin-physiology measures have not yet been directly linked to non-invasive psycho-physiological assessments.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D013315', 'D006339', 'D014870', 'D055815', 'D005712', 'D012879', 'D006863', 'D012867']"
38850622,Exercise-induced changes in lower limbs skin temperature against plasma ATP among individuals with various type and level of physical activity.,"The objective of the study was to examine the lower limbs skin temperature (TSK) changes in response to exhaustive whole-body exercise in trained individuals in reference to changes in plasma adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Eighteen trained participants from distinct sport type ‒ endurance (25.2 ± 4.9 yr) and speed-power (25.8 ± 3.1 yr), and 9 controls (24,9 ± 4,3 yr) ‒ were examined. Lower limbs TSK and plasma ATP measures were applied in parallel in response to incremental treadmill test and during 30-min recovery period. Plasma ATP kinetics were inversely associated to changes in TSK. The first significant decrease in TSK (76-89% of V˙ O2MAX) occurred shortly before a significant plasma ATP increase (86-97% of V˙ O2MAX). During recovery, TSK increased, reaching pre-exercise values (before exercise vs. after 30-min recovery: 31.6 ± 0.4 °C vs. 32.0 ± 0.8 °C, p = 0.855 in endurance; 32.4 ± 0.5 °C vs. 32.9 ± 0.5 °C, p = 0.061 in speed-power; 31.9 ± 0.7 °C vs. 32.4 ± 0.8 °C, p = 0.222 in controls). Plasma ATP concentration did not returned to pre-exercise values in well trained participants (before exercise vs. after 30-min recovery: 699 ± 57 nmol l-1 vs. 854 ± 31 nmol l-1, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.961 and 812 ± 35 nmol l-1 vs. 975 ± 55 nmol l-1, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.974 in endurance and speed-power, respectively), unlike in controls (651 ± 40 nmol l-1 vs. 687 ± 61 nmol·l-1, p = 0.58, η2 = 0.918). The magnitude of TSK and plasma ATP response differed between the groups (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.410 for TSK; p < 0.001, η2 = 0.833 for plasma ATP). We conclude that lower limbs TSK change indirectly corresponds to the reverse course of plasma ATP during incremental exercise and the magnitude of the response depends on the level of physical activity and the associated to it long-term metabolic adaptation.","['D006801', 'D012881', 'D008297', 'D000255', 'D000328', 'D015444', 'D035002', 'D055815', 'D005260', 'D010807']"
38850450,An update on the safety of hydroquinone.,"Hydroquinone has been used for years for multiple conditions, including melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, dyschromia from photoaging, and solar lentigines. It is known to be a very effective lightening agent, but several concerns have been raised about this widely used agent. The recent U.S. ban on over-the-counter skin lightening products containing hydroquinone has prompted further questioning of the safety of this widely used agent. While there have been prior informative, large-scale reviews on the safety of hydroquinone, new findings have since been reported. Here, we provide an updated review of studies published in the past 15 years on hydroquinone safety.","['D006873', 'D006801', 'D062327', 'D017495', 'D008548', 'D015595']"
38850408,Comparative study between efficacy of Excimer light with topical Tacrolimus 0.1% versus excimer light with topical Bimatoprost 0.01% in treatment of facial Vitiligo.,Loss and absence of melanocytes due to a number of factors is responsible for vitiligo; known to be the commonest disorder of pigmentation. The aim of the current work was to compare the efficacy and safety of excimer light with topical tacrolimus ointment 0.1% versus excimer light with topical bimatoprost gel 0.01% in treatment of facial vitiligo. The study was carried out on 48 patients presented with facial vitiligo. The patients were divided randomly using sealed envelope method into two groups (24 patients each). Group 1 were treated with excimer light plus topical tacrolimus ointment 0.1% and group 2 treated with excimer light plus topical bimatoprost gel 0.01%. Clinical improvement based on the quartile grading scale at the end of treatment did not show any statistically significant difference between groups. The majority of subjects in both groups experienced good to excellent improvement. Only 20.9% of patients in group 1 and 33.3% of subjects in group 2 achieved less than 50% repigmentation (p = 0.889). Our study demonstrated that 0.01% topical bimatoprost gel in combination with excimer light is considered safe and effective as treatment of nonsegmental facial vitiligo with comparable results to 0.1% tacrolimus.,"['D006801', 'D014820', 'D016559', 'D000069580', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D016896', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D008875', 'D054018', 'D000287', 'D012880', 'D005145', 'D000279', 'D002648', 'D003131', 'D007166']"
38850293,Combination of autologous FCS and MPG versus each technique alone in the treatment of stable vitiligo.,"Follicular cell suspension (FCS) transplantation is a novel surgical method for treating resistant stable vitiligo, whereas mini punch grafting is an established effective method for treating stable vitiligo. The combination of FCS and mini punch grafting is a better strategy for the treatment of resistant stable vitiligo. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of follicular cell suspension, mini punch grafting, and a combination of both techniques in the treatment of stable vitiligo. This prospective comparative study was conducted on 48 patients with stable vitiligo. They were divided into three equal groups, including group A (treated with follicular cell suspension), group B (treated with mini punch grafting), and group C (treated with the combination of both techniques). All patients were followed-up for six months for the assessment of their therapeutic response regarding clinical outcomes. By comparing the data of the three studied groups, we found that the difference in the degree of re-pigmentation after one and three months of treatment was not significant. However, the progress of re-pigmentation was significantly different after six months of treatment among the three studied groups (P = 0.027). Specifically, re-pigmentation was significantly better in group C than in groups A and B (P = 0.037 and 0.017, respectively), but it was not significantly different between groups A and B.","['D006801', 'D014820', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D014182', 'D011446', 'D016896', 'D055815', 'D008875', 'D000293', 'D012880', 'D018859', 'D016038', 'D005500']"
38849712,Transcutaneous Delivery of Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate Via Microneedle-Assisted Iontophoretic Enhancement - A Potential Therapeutic Option for Inflammatory Disorders.,This study aimed to fabricate dexamethasone sodium phosphate loaded microneedle arrays (MNA) and investigate their efficiency in combination with iontophoresis for the treatment of hind paw oedema in rats.,"['D000818', 'D007478', 'D003907', 'D000279', 'D009339', 'D051381', 'D000893', 'D004487', 'D016503', 'D012869', 'D012867', 'D008297', 'D065546', 'D007249', 'D017207']"
38849341,Mapping and annotating genomic loci to prioritize genes and implicate distinct polygenic adaptations for skin color.,"Evidence for adaptation of human skin color to regional ultraviolet radiation suggests shared and distinct genetic variants across populations. However, skin color evolution and genetics in East Asians are understudied. We quantified skin color in 48,433 East Asians using image analysis and identified associated genetic variants and potential causal genes for skin color as well as their polygenic interplay with sun exposure. This genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 12 known and 11 previously unreported loci and SNP-based heritability was 23-24%. Potential causal genes were determined through the identification of nonsynonymous variants, colocalization with gene expression in skin tissues, and expression levels in melanocytes. Genomic loci associated with pigmentation in East Asians substantially diverged from European populations, and we detected signatures of polygenic adaptation. This large GWAS for objectively quantified skin color in an East Asian population improves understanding of the genetic architecture and polygenic adaptation of skin color and prioritizes potential causal genes.","['D000328', 'D005260', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D000222', 'D002874', 'D055106', 'D020412', 'D020641', 'D040641', 'D012880', 'D014466', 'D000095225']"
38849294,A case report on the physiological responses to extreme heat during Sicily's July 2023 heatwave.,"July 2023 has been confirmed as Earth's hottest month on record, and it was characterized by extraordinary heatwaves across southern Europe. Field data collected under real heatwave periods could add important evidence to understand human adaptability to extreme heat. However, field studies on human physiological responses to heatwave periods remain limited. We performed field thermo-physiological measurements in a healthy 37-years male undergoing resting and physical activity in an outdoor environment in the capital of Sicily, Palermo, during (July 21; highest level of local heat-health alert) and following (August 10; lowest level of local heat-health alert) the peak of Sicily's July 2023 heatwave. Results indicated that ~40 min of outdoor walking and light running in 33.8°C Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) conditions (July 21) resulted in significant physiological stress (i.e., peak heart rate: 209 bpm; core temperature: 39.13°C; mean skin temperature: 37.2°C; whole-body sweat losses: 1.7 kg). Importantly, significant physiological stress was also observed during less severe heat conditions (August 10; WBGT: 29.1°C; peak heart rate: 190 bpm; core temperature: 38.48°C; whole-body sweat losses: 2 kg). These observations highlight the physiological strain that current heatwave conditions pose on healthy young individuals. This ecologically-valid empirical evidence could inform more accurate heat-health planning.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D012802', 'D006339', 'D055874', 'D013546', 'D001831', 'D001833', 'D012881', 'D006358']"
38844611,Naringenin-Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites Amalgamated Polymeric Gel Augmented Drug Delivery and Attenuated Experimental Cutaneous Candidiasis in Balb/c Mice: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.,"Naringenin (NRG) inhibits the fungal 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase accountable for ergosterol synthesis in Candida albicans (C. albicans), a causative agent for cutaneous candidiasis. In present research, NRG was complexed with ZnO nanomaterial (NRG-Zn2+) to synthesize NRG-Zn2+ nanocomposites. The particle size and ζ-potential of NRG-Zn2+ nanocomposites were respectively estimated to be 180.33 ± 1.22-nm and - 3.92 ± 0.35-mV. In silico data predicted the greater affinity of NRG-Zn2+ nanocomposite for 14α-demethylase and ceramide in comparison to NRG alone. Later, NRG-Zn2+ nanocomposites solution was transformed in to naringenin-zinc oxide nanocomposites loaded chitosan gel (NRG-Zn-CS-Gel) with viscosity and firmness of 854806.7 ± 52386.43 cP and 698.27 ± 10.35 g, respectively. The ex-vivo skin permeation demonstrated 70.49 ± 5.22% skin retention, significantly greater (P < 0.05) than 44.48 ± 3.06% of naringenin loaded chitosan gel (NRG-CS-Gel) and 31.24 ± 3.28% of naringenin solution (NRG Solution). NRG-Zn-CS-Gel demonstrated 6.71 ± 0.84% permeation of NRG with a flux value of 0.046 ± 0.01-µg/cm2/h. The MIC50 of NRG-Zn-CS-Gel against C. albicans was estimated to be 0.156-µg/mL with FICI (fractional inhibitory concentration index) of 0.018 that consequently exhibited synergistic efficacy. Further, NRG-Zn-CS-Gel demonstrated superior antifungal efficacy in C. albicans induced cutaneous candidiasis infection in Balb/c mice. The fungal burden in NRG-Zn-CS-Gel treated group was 109 ± 25 CFU/mL, significantly lower (P < 0.05) than positive control (2260 ± 446 CFU/mL), naringenin loaded chitosan gel (NRG-CS-Gel; 928 ± 127 CFU/mL) and chitosan gel (CS-Gel; 2116 ± 186 CFU/mL) treated mice. Further, histopathology examination and cytokine profiling of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 revealed the healing of skin and inflammation associated with cutaneous candidiasis infection. In conclusion, NRG-Zn-CS-Gel may be a potential candidate for translating in to a clinical viable topical nanotherapeutic.","['D000818', 'D044950', 'D051379', 'D008807', 'D002176', 'D048271', 'D053761', 'D000935', 'D015034', 'D005782', 'D016503', 'D012867', 'D002177', 'D011108', 'D012869', 'D010316', 'D000279']"
38842735,"Gender, racial, ethnic, and Fitzpatrick skin type representation in Acanthosis nigricans clinical trials.","Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is characterized by dark, velvety patches and thin plaques primarily in the body folds. AN is more prevalent in skin of color populations, including Black/African American, Native American, and Hispanic patients. As the U.S. population becomes increasingly diverse, the need for inclusive dermatologic research becomes more pressing. Given the increased prevalence of AN in skin of color patients, there is a need to evaluate representation in AN clinical trials. This study aims to uncover gender, race, ethnicity, and Fitzpatrick skin type (FST) representation in AN clinical trials. A systematic literature search was performed across PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases to identify participant characteristics in clinical trials focused on AN treatment. Our review yielded 21 clinical trials, totaling 575 participants, with an identified predominance of female participants (69.0%) and a surprising absence of race or ethnicity data. Out of the 11 studies that included FST data, 1.2% of participants were type II, 20.6% were type III, 50.0% were type IV, and 28.2% were type V. None of the participants were FST I or VI. Herein, we highlight a predominate inclusion of female and FST III-V patients in AN clinical trials, the populations most impacted by this condition. We also highlight the need for improved race and ethnicity reporting and the importance of including all FSTs in clinical studies. Addressing this gap is critical for developing safe, efficacious, patient-centered, and equitable treatments for all AN patients. Future research should prioritize comprehensive inclusion of race, ethnicity, and the full spectrum of FSTs.","['D005260', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D000052', 'D002986', 'D005006', 'D044469', 'D012737', 'D012867', 'D012880', 'D014481']"
38837116,Drug delivery to and through the skin.,"Drug delivery technology has advanced significantly over >50 years, and has produced remarkable innovation, countless publications and conferences, and generations of talented and creative scientists. However, a critical review of the current state-of-the-art reveals that the translation of clever and sophisticated drug delivery technologies into products, which satisfy important, unmet medical needs and have been approved by the regulatory agencies, has - given the investment made in terms of time and money - been relatively limited. Here, this point of view is illustrated using a case study of technology for drug delivery into and through the skin and aims:  to examine the historical development of this field and the current state-of-the-art;  to understand why the translation of drug delivery technologies into products that improve clinical outcomes has been quite slow and inefficient; and  to suggest how the impact of technology may be increased and the process of concept to approved product accelerated.","['D006801', 'D016503', 'D000279', 'D012867', 'D000818', 'D012869', 'D004364']"
38836676,The combination of tetramethylpyrazine and vitamin A acid in the treatment of skin photoaging by activating the HIF-1α pathway.,"Skin photoaging is a skin degenerative disease that causes patients to develop malignant tumors. The existing clinical treatment of photoaging has limitations. This greatly reduces the recovery rate of photoaging patients. Studies have confirmed that Ligusticum wallichii Franch (LWF) monomer tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) alleviates various skin diseases. The combination of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine helps with this process. Our research aimed to explore the specific treatment mode and molecular mechanism of TMP in treating skin photoaging. CCK-8 assays were used to evaluate the activity and toxicity of HaCaT cells. β-galactosidase aging, Carbonyl compound and nitrosylated tyrosine assays were used to analyze the aging of HaCaT cells. ROS assays and ELISA were used to analyze the enrichment of ROS. The molecular docking experiment analyzed the binding of TMP and HIF-1α. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the activation of skin aging-related pathways. HE staining was used to analyze the thickness of the stratum corneum skin on the back skin of mice. 200μg/L LWF alleviates cellular photoaging and mouse skin photoaging by reducing ROS enrichment. Its monomer TMP plays an important role in this process. The combination of TMP and HIF-1α accelerates the degradation of ROS by activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. This process reduces the apoptosis of cells damaged by light. In addition, we also found that the combination of TMP and retinoic acid (RA) is more beneficial for the treatment of skin damage caused by light in mice. The combination therapy of TMP and RA alleviates skin oxidative stress response through overexpression of HIF-1α. This plan is beneficial for the treatment of skin photoaging.","['D011719', 'D015595', 'D051795', 'D000818', 'D006801', 'D017382', 'D051379', 'D015398', 'D014801', 'D012867', 'D000084282', 'D062105']"
38834924,Complications of dermatologic lasers in high Fitzpatrick phototypes and management: an updated narrative review.,"This article explores the intricacies of laser surgery, acknowledging inherent risks and complications. Patients with higher Fitzpatrick phototypes, characterized by unique biological traits, face heightened vulnerability during laser treatments. Limited experience with darker skin tones necessitates a higher level of laser expertise and a conservative approach. The study aims to comprehensively review laser therapy's side effects and complications, with a specific focus on Fitzpatrick phototypes IV through VI. We searched the MEDLINE database from 1972 to 2023 to consolidate knowledge. Results illuminate nuanced challenges associated with laser surgery in higher phototypes. In conclusion, this research emphasizes the need for enhanced expertise and caution in laser procedures for individuals with darker skin, offering valuable insights to optimize patient safety and outcomes.","['D006801', 'D012880', 'D053685', 'D011183']"
38834910,Navigating Skin Delivery Horizon: An Innovative Approach in Pioneering Surface Modification of Ultradeformable Vesicles.,"In the dynamic landscape of pharmaceutical advancements, the strategic application of active pharmaceutical ingredients to the skin through topical and transdermal routes has emerged as a compelling avenue for therapeutic interventions. This non-invasive approach has garnered considerable attention in recent decades, with numerous attempts yielding approaches and demonstrating substantial clinical potential. However, the formidable barrier function of the skin, mainly the confinement of drugs on the upper layers of the stratum corneum, poses a substantial hurdle, impeding successful drug delivery via this route. Ultradeformable vesicles/carriers (UDVs), positioned within the expansive realm of nanomedicine, have emerged as a promising tool for developing advanced dermal and transdermal therapies. The current review focuses on improving the passive dermal and transdermal targeting capacity by integrating functionalization groups by strategic surface modification of drug-loaded UDV nanocarriers. The present review discusses the details of case studies of different surface-modified UDVs with their bonding strategies and covers the recent patents and clinical trials. The design of surface modifications holds promise for overcoming existing challenges in drug delivery by marking a significant leap forward in the field of pharmaceutical sciences.","['D006801', 'D000279', 'D016503', 'D012867', 'D012869', 'D004337', 'D000818', 'D053758', 'D013499', 'D004364', 'D050997']"
38834229,"An Open-label Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Tolerability of Dapsone Gel, 7.5% in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris in Men and Women With Skin of Color.","Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease prevalent in skin of color patients. Studies have demonstrated that dapsone gel, 7.5% (Aczone) used once daily is effective, safe, and well-tolerated for the treatment of acne in both men and women. However, minimal data are available in skin of color populations. This single-center, open-label clinical study investigated the efficacy and safety of dapsone gel, 7.5% in the treatment of moderate to severe acne vulgaris in patients with Fitzpatrick skin types IV-VI.","['D000293', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D055815', 'D000152', 'D000279', 'D003622', 'D005782', 'D017495', 'D011788', 'D012720', 'D012880', 'D016896', 'D000091762']"
38834111,"A review: Structure, bioactivity and potential application of algal polysaccharides in skin aging care and therapy.","Skin is the first barrier of body which stands guard for defending aggressive pathogens and environmental pressures all the time. Cutaneous metabolism changes in harmful exposure, following with skin dysfunctions and diseases. Lots of researches have reported that polysaccharides extracted from seaweeds exhibited multidimensional bioactivities in dealing with skin disorder. However, few literature systematically reviews them. The aim of the present paper is to summarize structure, bioactivities and structure-function relationship of algal polysaccharides acting on skin. Algal polysaccharides show antioxidant, immunomodulating, hydration regulating, anti-melanogenesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) regulating abilities via multipath ways in skin. These bioactivities are determined by various parameters, including seaweed species, molecular weight, monosaccharides composition and substitute groups. In addition, potential usages of algae-derived polysaccharides in skin care and therapy are also elaborated. Algal polysaccharides are potential ingredients in formulation that providing anti-aging efficacy for skin.","['D011134', 'D015595', 'D006801', 'D012624', 'D000975', 'D000818', 'D012867', 'D017592', 'D013329']"
38830944,Effect duration of lumbar sympathetic ganglion neurolysis in patients with complex regional pain syndrome: a prospective observational study.,"Lumbar sympathetic ganglion neurolysis (LSGN) has been used for long-term pain relief in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). However, the actual effect duration of LSGN has not been accurately measured. This prospective observational study measured the effect duration of LSGN in CRPS patients and investigated the relationship between temperature change and pain relief. After performing LSGN, the skin temperatures of both the maximum pain site and the plantar area in the affected and unaffected limbs were measured by infrared thermography, and pain intensity was assessed before and at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months. The median time to return to baseline temperature was calculated using survival analysis. The skin temperature increased significantly at all-time points relative to baseline in both regions (maximum pain site: 1.4 °C ± 1.0 °C, plantar region: 1.28 °C ± 0.8 °C, all P < 0.001). The median time to return to baseline temperature was 12 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.7-16.3) at the maximum pain site and 12 weeks (95% CI 9.4-14.6) at the plantar area. Pain intensity decreased significantly relative to baseline, at all-time points after LSGN. In conclusion, the median duration of the LSGN is estimated to be 12 weeks.","['D006801', 'D020918', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D011446', 'D012881', 'D000328', 'D005728', 'D010147', 'D013817', 'D001340', 'D016896', 'D000368', 'D013997', 'D008161']"
38829483,"Effectiveness of topical hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in xerosis cutis treatment in elderly: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial.","Dry skin is a common dermatological condition that frequently affects the elderly. A contributing cause to dry skin is a reduced concentration of hyaluronic acid (HA) in both the epidermis and dermis. The effectiveness of moisturizer containing HA as a therapy for dry skin is impacted by its specific molecular weight. Low molecular weight HA (LMWHA) is believed to be more effective in replenishing skin hydration in aging skin compared to High Molecular Weight HA (HMWHA) due to its ability to penetrate the stratum corneum. However, there is a lack of clinical research supporting this claim. A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted on 36 residents of a nursing home in Jakarta. The participants, aged between 60 and 80 years, had been diagnosed with dry skin. Each test subject was administered three distinct, randomized moisturizing lotions (LMWHA, HMWHA, or vehicle), to be topically applied to three separate sites on the leg. Skin capacitance (SCap), transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and specified symptom sum score (SRRC) were measured at weeks 0, 2, and 4. After four weeks of therapy, area that was treated with LMWHA showed greater SCap values compared to the area treated with HMWHA (56.37 AU vs. 52.37 AU, p = 0.004) and vehicle (56.37 AU vs. 49.01 AU, p < 0.001). All groups did not show any significant differences in TEWL and SRRC scores. No side effects were found in all groups. The application of a moisturizer containing LMWHA to the dry skin of elderly resulted in significant improvements in skin hydration compared to moisturizers containing HMWHA and vehicle. Furthermore, these moisturizers demonstrated similar safety in treating dry skin in the elderly. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT06178367, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06178367 .","['D006801', 'D006820', 'D000368', 'D004311', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000369', 'D008970', 'D008875', 'D016896', 'D014870', 'D015595', 'D012871', 'D000279', 'D063465', 'D004643']"
38825668,Improving dermal fibroblast-to-epidermis communications and aging wound repair through extracellular vesicle-mediated delivery of Gstm2 mRNA.,"Skin aging is characterized by the disruption of skin homeostasis and impaired skin injury repair. Treatment of aging skin has long been limited by the unclear intervention targets and delivery techniques. Engineering extracellular vesicles (EVs) as an upgraded version of natural EVs holds great potential in regenerative medicine. In this study, we found that the expression of the critical antioxidant and detoxification gene Gstm2 was significantly reduced in aging skin. Thus, we constructed the skin primary fibroblasts-derived EVs encapsulating Gstm2 mRNA (EVsGstm2), and found that EVsGstm2 could significantly improve skin homeostasis and accelerate wound healing in aged mice. Mechanistically, we found that EVsGstm2 alleviated oxidative stress damage of aging dermal fibroblasts by modulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and promoted dermal fibroblasts to regulate skin epidermal cell function by paracrine secretion of Nascent Polypeptide-Associated Complex Alpha subunit (NACA). Furthermore, we confirmed that NACA is a novel skin epidermal cell protective molecule that regulates skin epidermal cell turnover through the ROS-ERK-ETS-Cyclin D pathway. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of EVs-mediated delivery of Gstm2 for aged skin treatment and unveil novel roles of GSTM2 and NACA for improving aging skin.","['D000818', 'D014945', 'D051379', 'D005347', 'D005982', 'D000067128', 'D012333', 'D015595', 'D004817', 'D008810', 'D018384', 'D012867', 'D008297', 'D006801', 'D000078404', 'D002478']"
38824251,Is diet related to skin condition? A Mendelian randomization study.,"Observational studies have revealed associations between various dietary factors and skin conditions. However, the causal relationship between diet and skin condition is still unknown. Data on 17 dietary factors were obtained from the UK Biobank. Data on four skin conditions were derived from the UK Biobank and another large-scale GWAS study. Genetic predictions suggested that the intake of oily fish was associated with a lower risk of skin aging (OR: 0.962, P = 0.036) and skin pigmentation (OR: 0.973, P = 0.033); Tea intake was associated with a lower risk of skin pigmentation (OR: 0.972, P = 0.024); Salad/raw vegetables intake was associated with a lower risk of keratinocyte skin cancer (OR: 0.952, P = 0.007). Coffee intake was associated with increased risk of skin aging (OR: 1.040, P = 0.028); Pork intake was associated with increased risk of skin aging (OR: 1.134, P = 0.020); Beef intake was associated with increased risk of cutaneous melanoma (OR: 1.013, P = 0.016); Champagne plus white wine intake was associated with increased risk of cutaneous melanoma (OR: 1.033, P = 0.004); Bread intake was associated with increased risk of keratinocyte skin cancer (OR: 1.026, P = 0.013). Our study results indicate causal relationships between genetically predicted intake of oily fish, tea, salad/raw vegetables, coffee, pork, beef, champagne plus white wine, and bread and skin conditions.","['D006801', 'D057182', 'D004032', 'D012878', 'D015595', 'D012880', 'D003069', 'D055106', 'D006113', 'D013662', 'D012307']"
38823734,Application of biomacromolecule-based passive penetration enhancement technique in superficial tumor therapy: A review.,"Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) has shown great promise in superficial tumor therapy due to its noninvasive and avoidance of the first-pass effect. Especially, passive penetration enhancement technique (PPET) provides the technical basis for TDD by temporarily altering the skin surface structure without requiring external energy. Biomacromolecules and their derived nanocarriers offer a wide range of options for PPET development, with outstanding biocompatibility and biodegradability. Furthermore, the abundant functional groups on biomacromolecule surfaces can be modified to yield functional materials capable of targeting specific sites and responding to stimuli. This enables precise drug delivery to the tumor site and controlled drug release, with the potential to replace traditional drug delivery methods and make PPET-related personalized medicine a reality. This review focuses on the mechanism of biomacromolecules and nanocarriers with skin, and the impact of nanocarriers' surface properties of nanocarriers on PPET efficiency. The applications of biomacromolecule-based PPET in superficial tumor therapy are also summarized. In addition, the advantages and limitations are discussed, and their future trends are projected based on the existing work of biomacromolecule-based PPET.","['D006801', 'D009369', 'D004337', 'D000818', 'D016503', 'D000970', 'D000279', 'D012867', 'D053758', 'D012869', 'D046911']"
38823541,Formulation development of tazarotene-loaded PLGA nanoparticles for follicular delivery in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.,"Tazarotene is a widely prescribed topical retinoid for acne vulgaris and plaque psoriasis and is associated with skin irritation, dryness, flaking, and photosensitivity. In vitro permeation of tazarotene was studied across the dermatomed human and full-thickness porcine skin. The conversion of tazarotene to the active form tazarotenic acid was studied in various skin models. Tazarotene-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were prepared using the nanoprecipitation technique to target skin and hair follicles effectively. The effect of formulation and processing variables on nanoparticle properties, such as particle size and drug loading, was investigated. The optimized nanoparticle batches with particle size <500 µm were characterized further for FT-IR analysis, which indicated no interactions between tazarotene and PLGA. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed uniform, spherical, and non-agglomerated nanoparticles. In vitro release study using a dialysis membrane indicated a sustained release of 40-70 % for different batches over 36 h, following a diffusion-based release mechanism based on the Higuchi model. In vitro permeation testing (IVPT) in full-thickness porcine skin showed significantly enhanced follicular and skin delivery from nanoparticles compared to solution. The presence of tazarotenic acid in the skin from tazarotene nanoparticles indicated the effectiveness of nanoparticle formulations in retaining bioconversion ability and targeting follicular delivery.","['D009539', 'D000077182', 'D000818', 'D013552', 'D053758', 'D006801', 'D012869', 'D010316', 'D012867', 'D003879', 'D004337', 'D018859', 'D065546', 'D000279', 'D002626', 'D016503', 'D000152', 'D004339', 'D012871']"
38823220,"Skin tone ideologies, body shame, and sexual risk in Latinx young adults: The role of self-esteem.","Latinx young adults in the U.S. experience significant disparities related to body image and sexual health. These challenges partly stem from the intersections of racism, ethnocentrism, and colorism perpetuated through Eurocentric beauty standards and norms surrounding sexuality. Despite the salience of skin tone within the Latinx community, the impact of skin tone ideologies on body shame and sexual risk remains unexplored. Addressing this gap, the present study examined the influence of skin tone ideologies (i.e., colorist attraction and skin tone self-concept) on sexual risk and body shame among a sample of 539 Latinx young adults. The study also explored the potential moderating effect of self-esteem on colorist attraction and skin tone self-concept on body shame and sexual risk. Results revealed that both colorist attraction and skin-tone self-concept were positively associated with body shame. Colorist attraction was positively associated with sexual risk, whereas skin tone self-concept was not associated. Furthermore, self-esteem moderated the positive significant association between skin tone self-concept and body shame, such that the association was only significant among Latinx young adults who reported mean and high levels of self-esteem; self-esteem did not moderate any of the other study's associations. These findings inform the development of tailored mental and sexual health interventions to reduce health disparities among Latinx young adults, considering the influence of skin tone socialization.","['D006801', 'D012649', 'D012752', 'D005260', 'D055815', 'D012880', 'D001828', 'D006630', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D012725', 'D000293', 'D063505', 'D014481']"
38822910,A miRNA-based epigenetic molecular clock for biological skin-age prediction.,"Skin aging is one of the visible characteristics of the aging process in humans. In recent years, different biological clocks have been generated based on protein or epigenetic markers, but few have focused on biological age in the skin. Arrest the aging process or even being able to restore an organism from an older to a younger stage is one of the main challenges in the last 20 years in biomedical research. We have implemented several machine learning models, including regression and classification algorithms, in order to create an epigenetic molecular clock based on miRNA expression profiles of healthy subjects to predict biological age-related to skin. Our best models are capable of classifying skin samples according to age groups (18-28; 29-39; 40-50; 51-60 or 61-83 years old) with an accuracy of 80% or predict age with a mean absolute error of 10.89 years using the expression levels of 1856 unique miRNAs. Our results suggest that this kind of epigenetic clocks arises as a promising tool with several applications in the pharmaco-cosmetic industry.","['D006801', 'D035683', 'D044127', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D015595', 'D000069550', 'D000369', 'D012867', 'D005260', 'D055815', 'D008297', 'D000293', 'D020869', 'D001683']"
38822884,"Lipid-based microemulsion gel for the topical delivery of methotrexate: an optimized, rheologically acceptable formulation with conducive dermatokinetics.","In the present study, we have formulated a methotrexate (MTX)-loaded microemulsion topical gel employing quality-by-design optimization. The optimized lipid-based microemulsion was incorporated into a 2% carbopol gel. The prepared formulation was characterized for micromeritics, surface charge, surface morphology, conductivity studies, rheology studies, texture analysis/spreadability, drug entrapment, and drug loading studies. The formulation was further evaluated for drug release and release kinetics, cytotoxicity assays, drug permeation and drug retention studies, and dermatokinetics. The developed nanosystem was not only rheologically acceptable but also offered substantial drug entrapment and loading. From drug release studies, it was observed that the nanogel showed higher drug release at pH 5.0 compared to plain MTX, plain gel, and plain microemulsion. The developed system with improved dermatokinetics, nanometric size, higher drug loading, and enhanced efficacy towards A314 squamous epithelial cells offers a huge promise in the topical delivery of methotrexate.","['D008727', 'D004655', 'D006801', 'D005782', 'D012869', 'D065546', 'D012212', 'D008055', 'D000279', 'D012867', 'D000287', 'D016503', 'D000818', 'D010316', 'D004337', 'D000080385']"
38822143,"Evaluation of Emulgel and Nanostructured Lipid Carrier-Based Gel Formulations for Transdermal Administration of Ibuprofen: Characterization, Mechanical Properties, and Ex-Vivo Skin Permeation.","In transdermal applications of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the rheological and mechanical properties of the dosage form affect the performance of the drug. The aim of this study to develop emulgel and nanostructured lipid carrier NLC-based gel formulations containing ibuprofen, evaluate their mechanical properties, bioadhesive value and ex-vivo rabbit skin permeability. All formulations showed non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behavior and their viscosity values are suitable for topical application. The particle size of the nanostructured lipid carrier system was found to be 468 ± 21 nm, and the encapsulation efficiency was 95.58 ± 0.41%. According to the index of viscosity, consistency, firmness, and cohesiveness values obtained as a result of the back extrusion study, E2 formulation was found to be more suitable for transdermal application. The firmness and work of shear values of the E2 formulation, which has the highest viscosity value, were also found to be the highest and it was chosen as the most suitable formulation in terms of the spreadability test. The work of bioadhesion values of NLC-based gel and IBU-loaded NLC-based gel were found as 0.226 ± 0.028 and 0.181 ± 0.006 mJ/cm2 respectively. The percentages of IBU that penetrated through rabbit skin from the Ibuactive-Cream and the E2 were 87.4 ± 2.11% and 93.4 ± 2.72% after 24 h, respectively. When the penetration of ibuprofen through the skin was evaluated, it was found that the E2 formulation increased penetration due to its lipid and nanoparticle structure. As a result of these findings, it can be said that the NLC-based gel formulation will increase the therapeutic efficacy and will be a good alternative transdermal formulation.","['D007052', 'D011817', 'D000818', 'D000279', 'D012869', 'D008055', 'D005782', 'D000894', 'D014783', 'D004337', 'D049329', 'D012867', 'D010316', 'D002626', 'D010539', 'D012212']"
38821289,Children's exposure to halogenated flame retardants and organophosphate esters through dermal absorption and hand-to-mouth ingestion in Swedish preschools.,"Children are exposed to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) through inhalation and ingestion, as well as through dermal contact in their everyday indoor environments. The dermal loadings of EDCs may contribute significantly to children's total EDC exposure due to dermal absorption as well as hand-to-mouth behaviors. The aim of this study was to measure potential EDCs, specifically halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) and organophosphate esters (OPEs), on children's hands during preschool attendance and to assess possible determinants of exposure in preschool indoor environments in Sweden. For this, 115 handwipe samples were collected in winter and spring from 60 participating children (arithmetic mean age 4.5 years, standard deviation 1.0) and analyzed for 50 compounds. Out of these, 31 compounds were identified in the majority of samples. Levels were generally several orders of magnitude higher for OPEs than HFRs, and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) were detected in the highest median masses, 61 and 56 ng/wipe, respectively. Of the HFRs, bis(2-ethyl-1-hexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (BEH-TEBP) and 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) were detected in the highest median masses, 2.8 and 1.8 ng/wipe, respectively. HFR and/or OPE levels were found to be affected by the number of plastic toys, and electrical and electronic devices, season, municipality, as well as building and/or renovation before/after 2004. Yet, the calculated health risks for single compounds were below available reference dose values for exposure through dermal uptake as well as for ingestion using mean hand-to-mouth contact rate. However, assuming a high hand-to-mouth contact rate, at the 95th percentile, the calculated hazard quotient was above 1 for the maximum handwipe mass of TBOEP found in this study, suggesting a risk of negative health effects. Furthermore, considering additive effects from similar compounds, the results of this study indicate potential concern if additional exposure from other routes is as high.","['D005411', 'D006801', 'D013548', 'D002675', 'D010755', 'D012869', 'D004781', 'D052244', 'D004952', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D004785', 'D004784']"
38820663,Salvianolic acid B protects against UVB-induced skin aging via activation of NRF2.,"Prolonged exposure to sun radiation may result in harmful skin photoaging. Therefore, discovering novel anti-photoaging treatment modalities is critical. An active component isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), Salvianolic acid B (Sal-B), is a robust antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. This investigation aimed to discover the therapeutic impact and pathways of salvianolic acid B for UVB-induced skin photoaging, an area that remains unexplored.","['D051267', 'D015595', 'D000818', 'D014466', 'D006801', 'D005347', 'D008819', 'D001572', 'D017382', 'D051379', 'D027561', 'D049109', 'D016922', 'D000975', 'D002470', 'D012867', 'D013482', 'D053630']"
38940205,Electrochemical profiling of poliovirus particles inactivated by chemical method and ionizing radiation.,"Electrochemical profiling of formaldehyde-inactivated poliovirus particles demonstrated a relationship between the D-antigen concentration and the intensity of the maximum amplitude currents of the poliovirus samples. The resultant signal was therefore identified as electrochemical oxidation of the surface proteins of the poliovirus. Using registration of electrooxidation of amino acid residues of the capsid proteins, a comparative electrochemical analysis of poliovirus particles inactivated by electrons accelerated with doses of 5 kGy, 10 kGy, 15 kGy, 25 kGy, 30 kGy at room temperature was carried out. An increase in the radiation dose was accompanied by an increase in electrooxidation signals. A significant increase in the signals of electrooxidation of poliovirus capsid proteins was detected upon irradiation at doses of 15-30 kGy. The data obtained suggest that the change in the profile and increase in the electrooxidation signals of poliovirus capsid proteins are associated with an increase in the degree of structural reorganization of surface proteins and insufficient preservation of the D-antigen under these conditions of poliovirus inactivation.","['D017955', 'D036022', 'D038301', 'D010084', 'D005557', 'D006801', 'D014771']"
38932227,Applying Flow Virometry to Study the HIV Envelope Glycoprotein and Differences Across HIV Model Systems.,"The HIV envelope glycoprotein (Env) is a trimeric protein that facilitates viral binding and fusion with target cells. As the sole viral protein on the HIV surface, Env is important both for immune responses to HIV and in vaccine designs. Targeting Env in clinical applications is challenging due to its heavy glycosylation, high genetic variability, conformational camouflage, and its low abundance on virions. Thus, there is a critical need to better understand this protein. Flow virometry (FV) is a useful methodology for phenotyping the virion surface in a high-throughput, single virion manner. To demonstrate the utility of FV to characterize Env, we stained HIV virions with a panel of 85 monoclonal antibodies targeting different regions of Env. A broad range of antibodies yielded robust staining of Env, with V3 antibodies showing the highest quantitative staining. A subset of antibodies tested in parallel on viruses produced in CD4+ T cell lines, HEK293T cells, and primary cells showed that the cellular model of virus production can impact Env detection. Finally, in addition to being able to highlight Env heterogeneity on virions, we show FV can sensitively detect differences in Env conformation when soluble CD4 is added to virions before staining.","['D006801', 'D054299', 'D015497', 'D014771', 'D057809', 'D015483', 'D000911', 'D015496', 'D015658']"
38932209,Intrinsic Disorder in the Host Proteins Entrapped in Rabies Virus Particles.,"A proteomics analysis of purified rabies virus (RABV) revealed 47 entrapped host proteins within the viral particles. Out of these, 11 proteins were highly disordered. Our study was particularly focused on five of the RABV-entrapped mouse proteins with the highest levels of disorder: Neuromodulin, Chmp4b, DnaJB6, Vps37B, and Wasl. We extensively utilized bioinformatics tools, such as FuzDrop, D2P2, UniProt, RIDAO, STRING, AlphaFold, and ELM, for a comprehensive analysis of the intrinsic disorder propensity of these proteins. Our analysis suggested that these disordered host proteins might play a significant role in facilitating the rabies virus pathogenicity, immune system evasion, and the development of antiviral drug resistance. Our study highlighted the complex interaction of the virus with its host, with a focus on how the intrinsic disorder can play a crucial role in virus pathogenic processes, and suggested that these intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and disorder-related host interactions can also be a potential target for therapeutic strategies.","['D011820', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D064267', 'D014771', 'D040901', 'D054884', 'D011818', 'D019295', 'D014764']"
38932164,Cationic Residues of the HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Protein Enable DNA Condensation to Maintain Viral Core Particle Stability during Reverse Transcription.,"The HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein (NC) is a multifunctional viral protein necessary for HIV-1 replication. Recent studies have demonstrated that reverse transcription (RT) completes in the intact viral capsid, and the timing of RT and uncoating are correlated. How the small viral core stably contains the ~10 kbp double stranded (ds) DNA product of RT, and the role of NC in this process, are not well understood. We showed previously that NC binds and saturates dsDNA in a non-specific electrostatic binding mode that triggers uniform DNA self-attraction, condensing dsDNA into a tight globule against extending forces up to 10 pN. In this study, we use optical tweezers and atomic force microscopy to characterize the role of NC's basic residues in dsDNA condensation. Basic residue mutations of NC lead to defective interaction with the dsDNA substrate, with the constant force plateau condensation observed with wild-type (WT) NC missing or diminished. These results suggest that NC's high positive charge is essential to its dsDNA condensing activity, and electrostatic interactions involving NC's basic residues are responsible in large part for the conformation, size, and stability of the dsDNA-protein complex inside the viral core. We observe DNA re-solubilization and charge reversal in the presence of excess NC, consistent with the electrostatic nature of NC-induced DNA condensation. Previous studies of HIV-1 replication in the presence of the same cationic residue mutations in NC showed significant defects in both single- and multiple-round viral infectivity. Although NC participates in many stages of viral replication, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that cationic residue mutations inhibit genomic DNA condensation, resulting in increased premature capsid uncoating and contributing to viral replication defects.","['D015497', 'D048348', 'D004279', 'D054301', 'D006801', 'D002412', 'D014779', 'D018625', 'D014771', 'D009154']"
38932109,Capsid Integrity Detection of Enteric Viruses in Reclaimed Waters.,"Climate change, unpredictable weather patterns, and droughts are depleting water resources in some parts of the globe, where recycling and reusing wastewater is a strategy for different purposes. To counteract this, the EU regulation for water reuse sets minimum requirements for the use of reclaimed water for agricultural irrigation, including a reduction in human enteric viruses. In the present study, the occurrence of several human enteric viruses, including the human norovirus genogroup I (HuNoV GI), HuNoV GII, and rotavirus (RV), along with viral fecal contamination indicator crAssphage was monitored by using (RT)-qPCR methods on influent wastewater and reclaimed water samples. Moreover, the level of somatic coliphages was also determined as a culturable viral indicator. To assess the potential viral infectivity, an optimization of a capsid integrity PMAxx-RT-qPCR method was performed on sewage samples. Somatic coliphages were present in 60% of the reclaimed water samples, indicating inefficient virus inactivation. Following PMAxx-RT-qPCR optimization, 66% of the samples tested positive for at least one of the analyzed enteric viruses, with concentrations ranging from 2.79 to 7.30 Log10 genome copies (gc)/L. Overall, most of the analyzed reclaimed water samples did not comply with current EU legislation and contained potential infectious viral particles.","['D062065', 'D012722', 'D006801', 'D002213', 'D003090', 'D012401', 'D029322', 'D014871', 'D060888', 'D005243', 'D004770', 'D036022']"
38932107,Rotavirus NSP2: A Master Orchestrator of Early Viral Particle Assembly.,"Rotaviruses (RVs) are 11-segmented, double-stranded (ds) RNA viruses and important causes of acute gastroenteritis in humans and other animal species. Early RV particle assembly is a multi-step process that includes the assortment, packaging and replication of the 11 genome segments in close connection with capsid morphogenesis. This process occurs inside virally induced, cytosolic, membrane-less organelles called viroplasms. While many viral and cellular proteins play roles during early RV assembly, the octameric nonstructural protein 2 (NSP2) has emerged as a master orchestrator of this key stage of the viral replication cycle. NSP2 is critical for viroplasm biogenesis as well as for the selective RNA-RNA interactions that underpin the assortment of 11 viral genome segments. Moreover, NSP2's associated enzymatic activities might serve to maintain nucleotide pools for use during viral genome replication, a process that is concurrent with early particle assembly. The goal of this review article is to summarize the available data about the structures, functions and interactions of RV NSP2 while also drawing attention to important unanswered questions in the field.","['D012401', 'D019065', 'D017361', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D014779', 'D016679', 'D012367', 'D002213', 'D016601']"
38929615,Hepatitis E Virus: What More Do We Need to Know?,"Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is typically a self-limiting, acute illness that spreads through the gastrointestinal tract but replicates in the liver. However, chronic infections are possible in immunocompromised individuals. The HEV virion has two shapes: exosome-like membrane-associated quasi-enveloped virions (eHEV) found in circulating blood or in the supernatant of infected cell cultures and non-enveloped virions (""naked"") found in infected hosts' feces and bile to mediate inter-host transmission. Although HEV is mainly spread via enteric routes, it is unclear how it penetrates the gut wall to reach the portal bloodstream. Both virion types are infectious, but they infect cells in different ways. To develop personalized treatment/prevention strategies and reduce HEV impact on public health, it is necessary to decipher the entry mechanism for both virion types using robust cell culture and animal models. The contemporary knowledge of the cell entry mechanism for these two HEV virions as possible therapeutic target candidates is summarized in this narrative review.","['D006801', 'D016752', 'D016751', 'D014771', 'D000818']"
38928403,Tailored Viral-like Particles as Drivers of Medical Breakthroughs.,"Despite the recognized potential of nanoparticles, only a few formulations have progressed to clinical trials, and an even smaller number have been approved by the regulatory authorities and marketed. Virus-like particles (VLPs) have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional nanoparticles due to their safety, biocompatibility, immunogenicity, structural stability, scalability, and versatility. Furthermore, VLPs can be surface-functionalized with small molecules to improve circulation half-life and target specificity. Through the functionalization and coating of VLPs, it is possible to optimize the response properties to a given stimulus, such as heat, pH, an alternating magnetic field, or even enzymes. Surface functionalization can also modulate other properties, such as biocompatibility, stability, and specificity, deeming VLPs as potential vaccine candidates or delivery systems. This review aims to address the different types of surface functionalization of VLPs, highlighting the more recent cutting-edge technologies that have been explored for the design of tailored VLPs, their importance, and their consequent applicability in the medical field.","['D006801', 'D058425', 'D053758', 'D000818', 'D014771', 'D016503']"
38928103,Evaluating HIV-1 Infectivity and Virion Maturation across Varied Producer Cells with a Novel FRET-Based Detection and Quantification Assay.,"The maturation of HIV-1 virions is a crucial process in viral replication. Although T-cells are a primary source of virus production, much of our understanding of virion maturation comes from studies using the HEK293T human embryonic kidney cell line. Notably, there is a lack of comparative analyses between T-cells and HEK293T cells in terms of virion maturation efficiency in existing literature. We previously developed an advanced virion visualization system based on the FRET principle, enabling the effective distinction between immature and mature virions via fluorescence microscopy. In this study, we utilized pseudotyped, single-round infectious viruses tagged with FRET labels (HIV-1 Gag-iFRET∆Env) derived from Jurkat (a human T-lymphocyte cell line) and HEK293T cells to evaluate their virion maturation rates. HEK293T-derived virions demonstrated a maturity rate of 81.79%, consistent with other studies and our previous findings. However, virions originating from Jurkat cells demonstrated a significantly reduced maturation rate of 68.67% (p < 0.0001). Correspondingly, viruses produced from Jurkat cells exhibited significantly reduced infectivity compared to those derived from HEK293T cells, with the relative infectivity measured at 65.3%. This finding is consistent with the observed relative maturation rate of viruses produced by Jurkat cells. These findings suggest that initiation of virion maturation directly correlates with viral infectivity. Our observation highlights the dynamic nature of virus-host interactions and their implications for virion production and infectivity.","['D006801', 'D015497', 'D057809', 'D014771', 'D019169', 'D031541', 'D014779', 'D019065', 'D015658']"
38926272,Production and Purification of Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors (AAVs) Using Orbitally Shaken HEK293 Cells.,"Here, we describe methods for the production of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors by transient transfection of HEK293 cells grown in serum-free medium using orbital shaken bioreactors and the subsequent purification of vector particles. The protocol for expression of AAV components is based on polyethyleneimine (PEI)-mediated transfection of a three-plasmid system and is specified for production in milliliter-to-liter scales. After PEI and plasmid DNA (pDNA) complex formation, the diluted cell culture is transfected without a prior concentration step or medium exchange. Following a 7-day batch process, cell cultures are further processed using a set of methods for cell lysis and vector recovery. Methods for the purification of viral particles are described, including immunoaffinity and anion-exchange chromatography, ultrafiltration, as well as digital PCR to quantify the concentration of vector particles.","['D006801', 'D000229', 'D057809', 'D005822', 'D014162', 'D010957', 'D011094', 'D019149', 'D002852', 'D014771']"
38920060,Review of factors affecting virus inactivation in aerosols and droplets.,"The inactivation of viruses in aerosol particles (aerosols) and droplets depends on many factors, but the precise mechanisms of inactivation are not known. The system involves complex physical and biochemical interactions. We reviewed the literature to establish current knowledge about these mechanisms and identify knowledge gaps. We identified 168 relevant papers and grouped results by the following factors: virus type and structure, aerosol or droplet size, temperature, relative humidity (RH) and evaporation, chemical composition of the aerosol or droplet, pH and atmospheric composition. These factors influence the dynamic microenvironment surrounding a virion and thus may affect its inactivation. Results indicate that viruses experience biphasic decay as the carrier aerosols or droplets undergo evaporation and equilibrate with the surrounding air, and their final physical state (liquid, semi-solid or solid) depends on RH. Virus stability, RH and temperature are interrelated, but the effects of RH are multifaceted and still not completely understood. Studies on the impact of pH and atmospheric composition on virus stability have raised new questions that require further exploration. The frequent practice of studying virus inactivation in large droplets and culture media may limit our understanding of inactivation mechanisms that are relevant for transmission, so we encourage the use of particles of physiologically relevant size and composition in future research.","['D000336', 'D038301', 'D006801', 'D006863', 'D006813', 'D013696', 'D010316', 'D014771']"
38907930,Plant Virus-Like Particles for RNA Delivery.,"Plant viruses such as brome mosaic virus and cowpea chlorotic mottle virus are effectively purified through PEG precipitation and sucrose cushion ultracentrifugation. Increasing ionic strength and an alkaline pH cause the viruses to swell and disassemble into coat protein subunits. The coat proteins can be reassembled into stable virus-like particles (VLPs) that carry anionic molecules at low ionic strength and through two-step dialysis from neutral pH to acidic buffer. VLPs have been extensively studied due to their ability to protect and deliver cargo, particularly RNA, while avoiding degradation under physiological conditions. Furthermore, chemical functionalization of the surface of VLPs allows for the targeted drug delivery. VLPs derived from plants have demonstrated great potential in nanomedicine by offering a versatile platform for drug delivery, imaging, and therapeutic applications.","['D010942', 'D036022', 'D014771', 'D017795', 'D012313', 'D006863', 'D012367']"
38891942,Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Genome and Viral Nucleocapsid in Various Organs and Systems.,"While considerable attention has been devoted to respiratory manifestations, such as pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), emerging evidence underlines the significance of extrapulmonary involvement. In this study, we examined 15 hospitalized patients who succumbed to severe complications following SARS-CoV-2 infection. These patients were admitted to the Sibiu County Clinical Emergency Hospital in Sibiu, Romania, between March and October 2021. All patients were ethnic Romanians. Conducted within a COVID-19-restricted environment and adhering to national safety protocols, autopsies provided a comprehensive understanding of the disease's multisystemic impact. Detailed macroscopic evaluations and histopathological analyses of myocardial, renal, hepatic, splenic, and gastrointestinal tissues were performed. Additionally, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rt-qPCR) assays and immunohistochemical staining were employed to detect the viral genome and nucleocapsid within the tissues. Myocardial lesions, including ischemic microstructural changes and inflammatory infiltrates, were prevalent, indicative of COVID-19's cardiac implications, while renal pathology revealed the chronic alterations, acute tubular necrosis, and inflammatory infiltrates most evident. Hepatic examination identified hepatocellular necroinflammatory changes and hepatocytic cytopathy, highlighting the hepatic involvement of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Splenic parenchymal disorganization was prominent, indicating systemic immune dysregulation. Furthermore, gastrointestinal examinations unveiled nonspecific changes. Molecular analyses detected viral genes in various organs, with immunohistochemical assays confirming viral presence predominantly in macrophages and fibroblasts. These findings highlighted the systemic nature of SARS-CoV-2 infection, emphasizing the need for comprehensive clinical management strategies and targeted therapeutic approaches beyond respiratory systems.","['D006801', 'D000086402', 'D000086382', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D016679', 'D000368', 'D007668', 'D008099', 'D000328', 'D013154', 'D012383', 'D019251', 'D009206', 'D001344', 'D000369', 'D000086462']"
38890308,The cryoEM structure of the Hendra henipavirus nucleoprotein reveals insights into paramyxoviral nucleocapsid architectures.,"We report the first cryoEM structure of the Hendra henipavirus nucleoprotein in complex with RNA, at 3.5 Å resolution, derived from single particle analysis of a double homotetradecameric RNA-bound N protein ring assembly exhibiting D14 symmetry. The structure of the HeV N protein adopts the common bi-lobed paramyxoviral N protein fold; the N-terminal and C-terminal globular domains are bisected by an RNA binding cleft containing six RNA nucleotides and are flanked by the N-terminal and C-terminal arms, respectively. In common with other paramyxoviral nucleocapsids, the lateral interface between adjacent Ni and Ni+1 protomers involves electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions mediated primarily through the N-terminal arm and globular domains with minor contribution from the C-terminal arm. However, the HeV N multimeric assembly uniquely identifies an additional protomer-protomer contact between the Ni+1 N-terminus and Ni-1 C-terminal arm linker. The model presented here broadens the understanding of RNA-bound paramyxoviral nucleocapsid architectures and provides a platform for further insight into the molecular biology of HeV, as well as the development of antiviral interventions.","['D020285', 'D045404', 'D009698', 'D019251', 'D008958', 'D012367', 'D019590']"
38888268,Probe capsid structure stability and dynamics of adeno-associated virus as an important viral vector for gene therapy by hydrogen-deuterium exchange-mass spectrometry.,"Adeno-associated virus (AAV), a widely used gene therapy vector, is a small, nonenveloped virus that contains a single-stranded DNA genome with a maximum length of 4.7 kb. Despite extensive biophysical and structural characterization, many aspects of AAV functions remain elusive. This knowledge gap is primarily due to a lack of structurally resolved dynamic information and the absence of structural coverage of functionally critical segments on the AAV capsid. Here, we developed a protocol to study AAV structural dynamics by hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), a powerful method for monitoring protein structure stability and dynamics in solution. We performed HDX-MS measurements on AAVs without or with different DNA payloads of different sizes, and obtained detailed dynamic information on the entire AAV sequence including the two functionally important segments not previously structurally characterized. The unique N terminus of the capsid protein VP1 (VP1u) was found to adopt a highly dynamic and unstable conformation with low HDX protection across the entire region, whereas the presence of a DNA payload increased its protection. The VP1 and VP2 shared region (VP1/2) showed no measurable protection, with or without DNA. Differential HDX between empty and full capsid samples allowed us to identify potential new DNA-capsid interaction sites located primarily around the five-fold channel, which differ from the three-fold pocket binding site previously identified. Our HDX-MS method for characterizing AAV structural dynamics opens a new way for future efforts to understand AAV structure-function relationships and engineer next-generation AAV vectors with improved gene delivery properties.","['D000229', 'D036022', 'D005822', 'D015316', 'D002213', 'D000080307', 'D055550', 'D006801', 'D011487', 'D008958']"
38885273,Zn2+-dependent association of cysteine-rich protein with virion orchestrates morphogenesis of rod-shaped viruses.,"The majority of rod-shaped and some filamentous plant viruses encode a cysteine-rich protein (CRP) that functions in viral virulence; however, the roles of these CRPs in viral infection remain largely unknown. Here, we used barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) as a model to investigate the essential role of its CRP in virus morphogenesis. The CRP protein γb directly interacts with BSMV coat protein (CP), the mutations either on the His-85 site in γb predicted to generate a potential CCCH motif or on the His-13 site in CP exposed to the surface of the virions abolish the zinc-binding activity and their interaction. Immunogold-labeling assays show that γb binds to the surface of rod-shaped BSMV virions in a Zn2+-dependent manner, which enhances the RNA binding activity of CP and facilitates virion assembly and stability, suggesting that the Zn2+-dependent physical association of γb with the virion is crucial for BSMV morphogenesis. Intriguingly, the tightly binding of diverse CRPs to their rod-shaped virions is a general feature employed by the members in the families Virgaviridae (excluding the genus Tobamovirus) and Benyviridae. Together, these results reveal a hitherto unknown role of CRPs in the assembly and stability of virus particles, and expand our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying virus morphogenesis.","['D015032', 'D014771', 'D036022', 'D019065', 'D010942', 'D010935', 'D003545', 'D014764', 'D009024']"
38873697,Label-Free Detection of Virus-like Particles with Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy through Analyte Localization and Polymer-Enabled Capture.,"Virus detection is highly important; the last several years, since the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, have highlighted a weakness in the field: the need for highly specialized and complex methodology for sensitive virus detection, which also manifests as sacrifices in limits of detection made to achieve simple and rapid sensing. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has the potential to fill this gap, and two novel approaches to the development of a detection scheme are presented in this study. First, the physical entrapment of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and additional virus-like particles through substrate design to localize virus analytes into SERS hotspots is explored. Then, the use of nonspecific linear polymers as affinity agents to facilitate polymer-enabled capture of the VSV for SERS detection is studied. Quantitative detection of the VSV is achieved down to 101 genetic copies per milliliter with an R2 of 0.987 using the optimized physical entrapment method. Physical entrapment of two more virus-like particles is demonstrated with electron microscopy, and distinctive SERS fingerprints are shown. This study shows great promise for the further exploration of label-free virus detection methods involving thoughtful substrate design and unconventional affinity agents.","['D013059', 'D011108', 'D000086402', 'D000086382', 'D014771', 'D006801', 'D013499', 'D057230']"
38864313,Proof of infectivity of hepatitis E virus particles from the ejaculate of chronically infected patients.,"Recently, hepatitis E virus (HEV, Paslahepevirus balayani) particles were detected for the first time in the ejaculate of two chronically infected patients. Since then, we have been able to detect HEV in ejaculate in five further patients, and thus in a total of seven out of nine (78%) chronically infected men (age 36-67 years, median 56 years). In five patients, the HEV RNA concentration was more than 100-fold higher compared to the serum, while in two patients, the viral load was more than 10-fold lower. However, it has remained unclear whether viral particles shed in the ejaculate were infectious, as a previous cell culture model had failed to demonstrate the infectivity. In the current study, we employed an optimized HEV cell culture system based on overconfluent PLC/PRF/5 cells to investigate the infectivity of HEV particles from ejaculate and other body fluids. With this approach, we were able to show for the first time that HEV particles in the ejaculate from several patients were infectious. HEV replicated to high viral loads of 1e9 HEV RNA copies per ml. This indicates that HEV-positive ejaculate could bear a risk of infection for sexual partners.","['D006801', 'D016752', 'D008875', 'D016751', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D019562', 'D012367', 'D012661', 'D014771', 'D002460', 'D017201']"
38851803,LDL receptor in alphavirus entry: structural analysis and implications for antiviral therapy.,"Various low-density lipoprotein receptors (LPRs) have been identified as entry factors for alphaviruses, and structures of the corresponding virion-receptor complexes have been determined. Here, we analyze the similarities and differences in the receptor binding modes of multiple alphaviruses to understand their ability to infect a wide range of hosts. We further discuss the challenges associated with the development of broad-spectrum treatment strategies against a diverse range of alphaviruses.","['D000818', 'D006801', 'D000524', 'D018354', 'D000998', 'D011485', 'D011973', 'D011991', 'D014771', 'D053586']"
38851397,Virion-surface display of a chimeric immunoglobulin Fc domain facilitating uptake by antigen-presenting cells.,"Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) play an important role in virus infection control by bridging innate and adaptive immune responses. Macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) possess various surface receptors to recognize/internalize antigens, and antibody binding can enhance pathogen-opsonizing uptake by these APCs via interaction of antibody fragment crystallizable (Fc) domains with Fc receptors, evoking profound pathogen control in certain settings. Here, we examined phagocytosis-enhancing potential of Fc domains directly oriented on a retroviral virion/virus-like particle (VLP) surface. We generated an expression vector coding a murine Fc fragment fused to the transmembrane region (TM) of a retroviral envelope protein, deriving expression of the Fc-TM fusion protein on the transfected cell surface and production of virions incorporating the chimeric Fc upon co-transfection. Incubation of Fc-displaying simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) with murine J774 macrophages and bone marrow-derived DCs derived Fc receptor-dependent enhanced uptake, being visualized by imaging cytometry. Alternative preparation of a murine leukemia virus (MLV) backbone-based Fc-displaying VLP loading an influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) antigen resulted in enhanced HA internalization by macrophages, stating antigen compatibility of the design. Results show that the Fc-TM fusion molecule can be displayed on certain viruses/VLPs and may be utilized as a molecular adjuvant to facilitate APC antigen uptake.","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D007141', 'D000938', 'D014771', 'D003713', 'D008264', 'D011993', 'D015302', 'D019267', 'D002460', 'D009052', 'D010587', 'D006801']"
38848682,Inside the capsid: Revealing viral genome organization through multiscale simulations.,"In a recent issue of Nature, Coshic et al. employ a computational multiscale approach to package the complete HK97 viral genome into its capsid. They find both good agreement with experimental observations and shed new light on the heterogeneity of genome structures and the mechanism by which they package.","['D002213', 'D016679', 'D036022', 'D019065', 'D056004', 'D008958']"
38839957,A virally encoded high-resolution screen of cytomegalovirus dependencies.,"Genetic screens have transformed our ability to interrogate cellular factor requirements for viral infections1,2, but most current approaches are limited in their sensitivity, biased towards early stages of infection and provide only simplistic phenotypic information that is often based on survival of infected cells2-4. Here, by engineering human cytomegalovirus to express single guide RNA libraries directly from the viral genome, we developed virus-encoded CRISPR-based direct readout screening (VECOS), a sensitive, versatile, viral-centric approach that enables profiling of different stages of viral infection in a pooled format. Using this approach, we identified hundreds of host dependency and restriction factors and quantified their direct effects on viral genome replication, viral particle secretion and infectiousness of secreted particles, providing a multi-dimensional perspective on virus-host interactions. These high-resolution measurements reveal that perturbations altering late stages in the life cycle of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) mostly regulate viral particle quality rather than quantity, establishing correct virion assembly as a critical stage that is heavily reliant on virus-host interactions. Overall, VECOS facilitates systematic high-resolution dissection of the role of human proteins during the infection cycle, providing a roadmap for in-depth study of host-herpesvirus interactions.","['D006801', 'D002460', 'D064113', 'D003587', 'D003586', 'D016679', 'D054884', 'D000094704', 'D014771', 'D019065', 'D057074', 'D014779']"
38835056,HIV-1 virion lysis following centrifugation improves the sensitivity of the Fourth-Generation HIV Ag/Ab combo assay.,"Fourth-generation HIV Ag/Ab Combo assay is used for HIV screening of blood for transfusion in developing countries, however, the sensitivity of the assay is questionable during the acute phase of HIV infection. Thus, the study aimed to determine the effect of combining centrifugation with HIV-1 virion lysis on the sensitivity of the fourth-generation HIV Ag/Ab combo assay.","['D015497', 'D006801', 'D002498', 'D015658', 'D015483', 'D012680', 'D014771', 'D015488']"
38830096,Epitranscriptomic cytidine methylation of the hepatitis B viral RNA is essential for viral reverse transcription and particle production.,"Epitranscriptomic RNA modifications have emerged as important regulators of the fate and function of viral RNAs. One prominent modification, the cytidine methylation 5-methylcytidine (m5C), is found on the RNA of HIV-1, where m5C enhances the translation of HIV-1 RNA. However, whether m5C functionally enhances the RNA of other pathogenic viruses remains elusive. Here, we surveyed a panel of commonly found RNA modifications on the RNA of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and found that HBV RNA is enriched with m5C as well as ten other modifications, at stoichiometries much higher than host messenger RNA (mRNA). Intriguingly, m5C is mostly found on the epsilon hairpin, an RNA element required for viral RNA encapsidation and reverse transcription, with these m5C mainly deposited by the cellular methyltransferase NSUN2. Loss of m5C from HBV RNA due to NSUN2 depletion resulted in a partial decrease in viral core protein (HBc) production, accompanied by a near-complete loss of the reverse transcribed viral DNA. Similarly, mutations introduced to remove the methylated cytidines resulted in a loss of HBc production and reverse transcription. Furthermore, pharmacological disruption of m5C deposition led to a significant decrease in HBV replication. Thus, our data indicate m5C methylations as a critical mediator of the epsilon elements' function in HBV virion production and reverse transcription, suggesting the therapeutic potential of targeting the m5C methyltransfer process on HBV epsilon as an antiviral strategy.","['D006515', 'D012367', 'D003562', 'D006801', 'D048348', 'D008745', 'D014779', 'D044127', 'D014771', 'D059467']"
38806525,The low-density lipoprotein receptor and apolipoprotein E associated with CCHFV particles mediate CCHFV entry into cells.,"The Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an emerging pathogen of the Orthonairovirus genus that can cause severe and often lethal hemorrhagic diseases in humans. CCHFV has a broad tropism and can infect a variety of species and tissues. Here, by using gene silencing, blocking antibodies or soluble receptor fragments, we identify the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) as a CCHFV entry factor. The LDL-R facilitates binding of CCHFV particles but does not allow entry of Hazara virus (HAZV), another member of the genus. In addition, we show that apolipoprotein E (apoE), an exchangeable protein that mediates LDL/LDL-R interaction, is incorporated on CCHFV particles, though not on HAZV particles, and enhances their specific infectivity by promoting an LDL-R dependent entry. Finally, we show that molecules that decrease LDL-R from the surface of target cells could inhibit CCHFV infection. Our study highlights that CCHFV takes advantage of a lipoprotein receptor and recruits its natural ligand to promote entry into cells.","['D006801', 'D011973', 'D053586', 'D001057', 'D003225', 'D000818', 'D057809', 'D002522', 'D006479', 'D014771', 'D014709']"
38805801,Enhancement of HSV-1 cell-free virion release by the envelope protein gC.,"Glycoprotein C (gC), one of ∼12 HSV-1 envelope glycoproteins, carries out several important functions during infection, including the enhancement of virion attachment by binding to host cell heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG). Here we report that gC can also enhance the release of cell-free progeny virions at the end of the infectious cycle. This activity was observed in multiple cellular contexts including Vero cells and immortalized human keratinocytes. In the absence of gC, progeny virions bound more tightly to infected cells, suggesting that gC promotes the detachment of virions from the infected cell surface. Given this finding, we analyzed the biochemical interactions that tether progeny virions to cells and report evidence for two distinct modes of binding. One is consistent with a direct interaction between gC and HSPG, whereas the other is gC-independent and likely does not involve HSPG. Together, our results i) identify a novel function for a long-studied HSV-1 glycoprotein, and ii) demonstrate that the extracellular release of HSV-1 virions is a dynamic process involving multiple viral and host components.","['D014759', 'D018259', 'D006801', 'D002522', 'D014709', 'D000818', 'D014771', 'D057074', 'D019812', 'D015603']"
38801570,Assembly and Evolution of Poxviruses.,"Poxvirus assembly has been an intriguing area of research for several decades. While advancements in experimental techniques continue to yield fresh insights, many questions are still unresolved. Large genome sizes of up to 380 kbp, asymmetrical structure, an exterior lipid bilayer, and a cytoplasmic life cycle are some notable characteristics of these viruses. Inside the particle are two lateral bodies and a protein wall-bound-biconcave core containing the viral nucleocapsid. The assembly progresses through five major stages-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane alteration and rupture, crescent formation, immature virion formation, genome encapsidation, virion maturation and in a subset of viruses, additional envelopment of the virion prior to its dissemination. Several large dsDNA viruses have been shown to follow a comparable sequence of events. In this chapter, we recapitulate our understanding of the poxvirus morphogenesis process while reviewing the most recent advances in the field. We also briefly discuss how virion assembly aids in our knowledge of the evolutionary links between poxviruses and other Nucleocytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses (NCLDVs).","['D011212', 'D019065', 'D006801', 'D016679', 'D014771', 'D000818', 'D019143', 'D004721']"
38796621,Impact of Ebola virus nucleoprotein on VP40 virus-like particle production: a computational approach.,"Ebola virus (EBOV) matrix protein VP40 can assemble and bud as virus-like particles (VLPs) when expressed alone in mammalian cells. Nucleoprotein (NP) could be recruited to VLPs as inclusion body (IB) when co-expressed, and increase VLP production. However, the mechanism behind it remains unclear. Here, we use a computational approach to study NP-VP40 interactions. Our simulations indicate that NP may enhance VLP production through stabilizing VP40 filaments and accelerating the VLP budding step. Further, both the relative timing and amount of NP expression compared to VP40 are important for the effective production of IB-containing VLPs. We predict that relative NP/VP40 expression ratio and time are important for efficient production of IB-containing VLPs. We conclude that disrupting the expression timing and amount of NP and VP40 could provide new avenues to treat EBOV infection. This work provides quantitative insights into EBOV proteins interactions and how virion generation and drug efficacy could be influenced.","['D029043', 'D014758', 'D006801', 'D014771', 'D009698', 'D014763', 'D019142']"
38795638,Repurposing anti-cancer porphyrin derivative drugs to target SARS-CoV-2 envelope.,"Antiviral medicines to treat COVID-19 are still scarce. Porphyrins and porphyrin derivatives (PDs) usually present broad-spectrum antiviral activity with low risk of resistance development. In fact, some PDs are clinically approved to be used in anti-cancer photodynamic therapy and repurposing clinically approved PDs might be an alternative to treat COVID-19. Here, we characterize the ability of temoporfin, verteporfin, talaporfin and redaporfin to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 infectious particles. PDs light-dependent and -independent effect on SARS-CoV-2 infectivity were evaluated. PDs photoactivation successfully inactivated SARS-CoV-2 with very low concentrations and light dose. However, only temoporfin and verteporfin inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in the dark, being verteporfin the most effective. PDs treatment reduced viral load in infected Caco-2 cells, while not inducing cytotoxicity. Furthermore, light-independent treatment with temoporfin and verteporfin act on early stages of viral infection. Using lipid vehicles as membrane models, we characterized PDs interaction to the viral envelope. Verteporfin presented the lowest IC50 for viral inactivation and the highest partition coefficients (Kp) towards lipid bilayers. Curiously, although temoporfin and redaporfin presented similar Kps, redaporfin did not present light-independent antiviral activity, and only temoporfin and verteporfin caused lipid membrane disorder. In fact, redaporfin is located closer to the bilayer surface, while temoporfin and verteporfin are located closer to the centre. Our results suggest that viral envelope affinity, with penetration and destabilization of the lipid bilayer, seems critical to mediate PDs antiviral activity. Altogether, these findings open new avenues for the off-label application of temoporfin and verteporfin in the systemic treatment of COVID-19.","['D006801', 'D011166', 'D000086402', 'D058492', 'D000998', 'D018938', 'D000093485', 'D000970', 'D000086942', 'D000818', 'D002522', 'D014709', 'D000086382']"
38793683,Analysis of Individual Viral Particles by Flow Virometry.,"This review focuses on the emerging field of flow virometry, the study and characterization of individual viral particles using flow cytometry instruments and protocols optimized for the detection of nanoscale events. Flow virometry faces considerable technical challenges including minimal light scattering by small viruses that complicates detection, coincidental detection of multiple small particles due to their high concentrations, and challenges with sample preparation including the inability to easily ""wash"" samples to remove unbound fluorescent antibodies. We will discuss how the field has overcome these challenges to reveal novel insights into viral biology.","['D014771', 'D005434', 'D006801', 'D014780', 'D000818']"
38793649,A Single-Step Method for Harvesting Influenza Viral Particles from MDCK Cell Culture Supernatant with High Yield and Effective Impurity Removal.,"Influenza vaccines, which are recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), are the most effective preventive measure against influenza virus infection. Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell culture is an emerging technology used to produce influenza vaccines. One challenge when purifying influenza vaccines using this cell culture system is to efficiently remove impurities, especially host cell double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and host cell proteins (HCPs), for safety assurance. In this study, we optimized ion-exchange chromatography methods to harvest influenza viruses from an MDCK cell culture broth, the first step in influenza vaccine purification. Bind/elute was chosen as the mode of operation for simplicity. The anion-exchange Q chromatography method was able to efficiently remove dsDNA and HCPs, but the recovery rate for influenza viruses was low. However, the cation-exchange SP process was able to simultaneously achieve high dsDNA and HCP removal and high influenza virus recovery. For the SP process to work, the clarified cell culture broth needed to be diluted to reduce its ionic strength, and the optimal dilution rate was determined to be 1:2 with purified water. The SP process yielded a virus recovery rate exceeding 90%, as measured using a hemagglutination units (HAUs) assay, with removal efficiencies over 97% for HCPs and over 99% for dsDNA. Furthermore, the general applicability of the SP chromatography method was demonstrated with seven strains of influenza viruses recommended for seasonal influenza vaccine production, including H1N1, H3N2, B (Victoria), and B (Yamagata) strains, indicating that the SP process could be utilized as a platform process. The SP process developed in this study showed four advantages: (1) simple operation, (2) a high recovery rate for influenza viruses, (3) a high removal rate for major impurities, and (4) general applicability.","['D000818', 'D004285', 'D061985', 'D014771', 'D002852', 'D007252', 'D014776', 'D009975', 'D018929']"
38793552,"HIV-1 Capsid Rapidly Induces Long-Lived CPSF6 Puncta in Non-Dividing Cells, but Similar Puncta Already Exist in Uninfected T-Cells.","The HIV-1 capsid (CA) protein forms the outer shell of the viral core that is released into the cytoplasm upon infection. CA binds various cellular proteins, including CPSF6, that direct HIV-1 integration into speckle-associated domains in host chromatin. Upon HIV-1 infection, CPSF6 forms puncta in the nucleus. Here, we characterised these CPSF6 puncta further in HeLa cells, T-cells and macrophages and confirmed that integration and reverse transcription are not required for puncta formation. Indeed, we found that puncta formed very rapidly after infection, correlating with the time that CA entered the nucleus. In aphidicolin-treated HeLa cells and macrophages, puncta were detected for the length of the experiment, suggesting that puncta are only lost upon cell division. CA still co-localised with CPSF6 puncta at the latest time points, considerably after the peak of reverse transcription and integration. Intriguingly, the number of puncta induced in macrophages did not correlate with the MOI or the total number of nuclear speckles present in each cell, suggesting that CA/CPSF6 is only directed to a few nuclear speckles. Furthermore, we found that CPSF6 already co-localised with nuclear speckles in uninfected T-cells, suggesting that HIV-1 promotes a natural behaviour of CPSF6.","['D015497', 'D006801', 'D039221', 'D013601', 'D006367', 'D008264', 'D016662', 'D002467', 'D036022', 'D015658', 'D002213']"
38787909,Guanidine Hydrochloride-Induced Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Disassembly Hysteresis.,"Hepatitis B virus (HBV) displays remarkable self-assembly capabilities that interest the scientific community and biotechnological industries as HBV is leading to an annual mortality of up to 1 million people worldwide (especially in Africa and Southeast Asia). When the ionic strength is increased, hepatitis B virus-like particles (VLPs) can assemble from dimers of the first 149 residues of the HBV capsid protein core assembly domain (Cp149). Using solution small-angle X-ray scattering, we investigated the disassembly of the VLPs by titrating guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl). Measurements were performed with and without 1 M NaCl, added either before or after titrating GuHCl. Fitting the scattering curves to a linear combination of atomic models of Cp149 dimer (the subunit) and T = 3 and T = 4 icosahedral capsids revealed the mass fraction of the dimer in each structure in all the titration points. Based on the mass fractions, the variation in the dimer-dimer association standard free energy was calculated as a function of added GuHCl, showing a linear relation between the interaction strength and GuHCl concentration. Using the data, we estimated the energy barriers for assembly and disassembly and the critical nucleus size for all of the assembly reactions. Extrapolating the standard free energy to [GuHCl] = 0 showed an evident hysteresis in the assembly process, manifested by differences in the dimer-dimer association standard free energy obtained for the disassembly reactions compared with the equivalent assembly reactions. Similar hysteresis was observed in the energy barriers for assembly and disassembly and the critical nucleus size. The results suggest that above 1.5 M, GuHCl disassembled the capsids by attaching to the protein and adding steric repulsion, thereby weakening the hydrophobic attraction.","['D019791', 'D006515', 'D002213', 'D036022', 'D053838', 'D055503', 'D008958', 'D019065', 'D014961']"
38785977,Disruption of Transmembrane Phosphatidylserine Asymmetry by HIV-1 Incorporated SERINC5 Is Not Responsible for Virus Restriction.,"Host restriction factor SERINC5 (SER5) incorporates into the HIV-1 membrane and inhibits infectivity by a poorly understood mechanism. Recently, SER5 was found to exhibit scramblase-like activity leading to the externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) on the viral surface, which has been proposed to be responsible for SER5's antiviral activity. This and other reports that document modulation of HIV-1 infectivity by viral lipid composition prompted us to investigate the role of PS in regulating SER5-mediated HIV-1 restriction. First, we show that the level of SER5 incorporation into virions correlates with an increase in PS levels in the outer leaflet of the viral membrane. We developed an assay to estimate the PS distribution across the viral membrane and found that SER5, but not SER2, which lacks antiviral activity, abrogates PS asymmetry by externalizing this lipid. Second, SER5 incorporation diminished the infectivity of pseudoviruses produced from cells lacking a flippase subunit CDC50a and, therefore, exhibited a higher baseline level of surface-accessible PS. Finally, exogenous manipulation of the viral PS levels utilizing methyl-alpha-cyclodextrin revealed a lack of correlation between external PS and virion infectivity. Taken together, our study implies that the increased PS exposure to SER5-containing virions itself is not directly linked to HIV-1 restriction.","['D015497', 'D010718', 'D006801', 'D008565', 'D014771', 'D057809', 'D002462', 'D015658']"
38783793,Intrinsic disorder in flaviviral capsid proteins and its role in pathogenesis.,"A high level of disorder in many viral proteins is a direct consequence of their small genomes, which makes interaction with multiple binding partners a necessity for infection and pathogenicity. A segment of the flaviviral capsid protein (C), also known as the molecular recognition feature (MoRF), undergoes a disorder-toorder transition upon binding to several protein partners. To understand their role in pathogenesis, MoRFs were identified and their occurrence across different flaviviral capsids were studied. Despite lack of sequence similarities, docking studies of Cs with the host proteins indicate conserved interactions involving MoRFs across members of phylogenetic subclades. Additionally, it was observed from the protein-protein networks that some MoRFs preferentially bind proteins that are involved in specialized functions such as ribosome biogenesis. The findings point to the importance of MoRFs in the flaviviral life cycle, with important consequences for disease progression and suppression of the host immune system. Potentially, they might have impacted the way flaviviruses evolved to infect varied hosts using multiple vectors.","['D036022', 'D005416', 'D010802', 'D006801', 'D011485', 'D002213', 'D018177', 'D062105', 'D000595']"
38783157,rAAV capsid mutants eliminate leaky expression from DNA donor template for homologous recombination.,"Precise genomic editing through the combination of CRISPR/Cas systems and recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-delivered homology directed repair (HDR) donor templates represents a powerful approach. However, the challenge of effectively suppressing leaky transcription from the rAAV vector, a phenomenon associated to cytotoxicity, persists. In this study, we demonstrated substantial promoter activities of various homology arms and inverted terminal repeats (ITR). To address this issue, we identified a novel rAAV variant, Y704T, which not only yields high-vector quantities but also effectively suppresses in cis mRNA transcription driven by a robust promoter. The Y704T variant maintains normal functionality in receptor interaction, intracellular trafficking, nuclear entry, uncoating, and second-strand synthesis, while specifically exhibiting defects in transcription. Importantly, this inhibitory effect is found to be independent of ITR, promoter types, and RNA polymerases. Mechanistic studies unveiled the involvement of Valosin Containing Protein (VCP/p97) in capsid-mediated transcription repression. Remarkably, the Y704T variant delivers HDR donor templates without compromising DNA replication ability and homologous recombination efficiency. In summary, our findings enhance the understanding of capsid-regulated transcription and introduce novel avenues for the application of the rAAV-CRISPR/Cas9 system in human gene therapy.","['D000229', 'D006801', 'D011401', 'D000072669', 'D059765', 'D057809', 'D036022', 'D002213', 'D009154', 'D005822', 'D014158', 'D064113', 'D059767', 'D020079', 'D004261']"
38783022,Molecular insights into the Ebola virus life cycle.,"Ebola virus and other orthoebolaviruses cause severe haemorrhagic fevers in humans, with very high case fatality rates. Their non-segmented single-stranded RNA genome encodes only seven structural proteins and a small number of non-structural proteins to facilitate the virus life cycle. The basics of this life cycle are well established, but recent advances have substantially increased our understanding of its molecular details, including the viral and host factors involved. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge of the molecular details of the orthoebolavirus life cycle, with a special focus on proviral host factors. We discuss the multistep entry process, viral RNA synthesis in specialized phase-separated intracellular compartments called inclusion bodies, the expression of viral proteins and ultimately the assembly of new virus particles and their release at the cell surface. In doing so, we integrate recent studies into the increasingly detailed model that has developed for these fundamental aspects of orthoebolavirus biology.","['D029043', 'D006801', 'D019142', 'D012367', 'D014779', 'D014764', 'D019065', 'D053586', 'D016679', 'D000818', 'D014771', 'D054884']"
38778414,HIV-1 with gag processing defects activates cGAS sensing.,"Detection of viruses by host pattern recognition receptors induces the expression of type I interferon (IFN) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), which suppress viral replication. Numerous studies have described HIV-1 as a poor activator of innate immunity in vitro. The exact role that the viral capsid plays in this immune evasion is not fully understood.","['D015497', 'D006801', 'D054301', 'D007113', 'D009713', 'D000090103', 'D008264', 'D000070584', 'D044767', 'D000074084', 'D002352', 'D057131', 'D002213', 'D014779', 'D014771', 'D054884', 'D004279', 'D002460']"
38776134,Role of N-linked glycosylation in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection.,"Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRSV) is an enveloped single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus and one of the main pathogens that causes the most significant economical losses in the swine-producing countries. PRRSV is currently divided into two distinct species, PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2. The PRRSV virion envelope is composed of four glycosylated membrane proteins and three non-glycosylated envelope proteins. Previous work has suggested that PRRSV-linked glycans are critical structural components for virus assembly. In addition, it has been proposed that PRRSV glycans are implicated in the interaction with host cells and critical for virus infection. In contrast, recent findings showed that removal of N-glycans from PRRSV does not influence virus infection of permissive cells. Thus, there are not sufficient evidences to indicate compellingly that N-glycans present in the PRRSV envelope play a direct function in viral infection. To gain insights into the role of N-glycosylation in PRRSV infection, we analysed the specific contribution of the envelope protein-linked N-glycans to infection of permissive cells. For this purpose, we used a novel strategy to modify envelope protein-linked N-glycans that consists of production of monoglycosylated PRRSV and viral glycoproteins with different glycan states. Our results showed that removal or alteration of N-glycans from PRRSV affected virus infection. Specifically, we found that complex N-glycans are required for an efficient infection in cell cultures. Furthermore, we found that presence of high mannose type glycans on PRRSV surface is the minimal requirement for a productive viral infection. Our findings also show that PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 have different requirements of N-glycan structure for an optimal infection. In addition, we demonstrated that removal of N-glycans from PRRSV does not affect viral attachment, suggesting that these carbohydrates played a major role in regulating viral entry. In agreement with these findings, by performing immunoprecipitation assays and colocalization experiments, we found that N-glycans present in the viral envelope glycoproteins are not required to bind to the essential viral receptor CD163. Finally, we found that the presence of N-glycans in CD163 is not required for PRRSV infection.","['D019316', 'D006031', 'D000818', 'D013552', 'D011134', 'D019318', 'D014759', 'D002460', 'D011956', 'D015214', 'D015703', 'D000086942']"
38775479,Role of the membrane-associated accessory protein (MAAP) in adeno-associated virus (AAV) infection.,"Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) package a single-stranded (ss) DNA genome of 4.7 kb in their capsid of ~20 nm in diameter. AAV replication requires co-infection of a helper virus, such as adenovirus. During the optimization of recombinant AAV production, a small viral nonstructural protein, membrane-associated accessory protein (MAAP), was identified. However, the function of the MAAP in the context of AAV infection remains unknown. Here, we investigated the expression strategy and function of the MAAP during infection of both AAV2 and AAV5 in human embryonic kidney (HEK)293 cells. We found that AAV2 MAAP2 and AAV5 MAAP5 are expressed from the capsid gene (cap)-transcribing mRNA spliced from the donor to the second splice site that encodes VP2 and VP3. Thus, this AAV cap gene transcribes a multicistronic mRNA that can be translated to four viral proteins, MAAP, VP2, AAP, and VP3 in order. In AAV2 infection, MAAP2 predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, alongside the capsid, near the nuclear and plasma membranes, but a fraction of MAAP2 exhibited nuclear localization. In AAV5 infection, MAAP5 revealed a distinct pattern, predominantly localizing within the nucleus. In the cells infected with an MAAP knockout mutant of AAV2 or AAV5, both viral DNA replication and virus replication increased, whereas virus egress decreased, and the decrease in virus egress can be restored by providing MAAP in trans. In summary, MAAP, a novel AAV nonstructural protein translated from a multicistronic viral cap mRNA, not only facilitates cellular egress of AAV but also likely negatively affects viral DNA replication during infection.","['D006801', 'D000229', 'D057809', 'D014779', 'D036022', 'D017361', 'D010322', 'D002213']"
38775478,AcMNPV P74 is cleaved at R325 and R334 by proteinases of both OB and BBMV to expose a potential fusion peptide for oral infection.,"Baculoviruses enter insect midgut epithelial cells via a set of occlusion-derived virion (ODV) envelope proteins called per os infectivity factors (PIFs). P74 of Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), which was the first identified PIF, is cleaved by an endogenous proteinase embedded within the occlusion body during per os infection, but the target site(s) and function of the cleavage have not yet been ascertained. Here, based on bioinformatics analyses, we report that cleavage was predicted at an arginine and lysine-rich region in the middle of P74. A series of recombinant viruses with site-directed mutants in this region of P74 were generated. R325 or R334 was identified as primary cleavage site. In addition, we showed that P74 is also cleaved by brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) of the host insect at R325 or R334, instead of R195, R196, and R199, as previously reported. Simultaneous mutations in R195, R196, and R199 lead to instability of P74 during ODV release. Bioassays showed that mutations at both R325 and R334 significantly affected oral infectivity. Taken together, our data show that both R325 and R334 of AcMNPV P74 are the primary cleavage site for both occlusion body endogenous proteinase and BBMV proteinase during ODV release and are critical for oral infection.","['D000818', 'D017924', 'D010447', 'D053586', 'D061987', 'D018411', 'D014759', 'D008871', 'D014771', 'D000081363']"
38771042,Sequence polymorphisms in the reovirus σ1 attachment protein modulate encapsidation efficiency and replication in mice.,"Many functions of viral attachment proteins are established, but less is known about the biological importance of viral attachment protein encapsidation efficiency. The mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus) σ1 attachment protein forms filamentous trimers that incorporate into pentamers of the λ2 capsid protein. Reovirus strains vary in the efficiency of σ1 encapsidation onto progeny virions, which influences viral stability during entry into cells and the efficacy of tumor cell lysis. While the role of σ1 encapsidation has been evaluated in studies using cultured cells, the contribution of attachment protein encapsidation efficiency to viral infection in animals is less clear. Polymorphisms in reovirus σ1 at residues 22 and 249 have been implicated in viral dissemination in mice and susceptibility to proteolysis in the murine intestine, respectively. To determine whether these residues contribute to σ1 encapsidation efficiency, we engineered σ1 mutant viruses with single- and double-residue substitutions at sites 22 and 249. We found that substitutions at these sites alter the encapsidation of σ1 and that reoviruses encapsidating higher amounts of σ1 bind cells more avidly and have a modest replication advantage in a cell-type-specific manner relative to low σ1-encapsidating reoviruses. Furthermore, we found that a high σ1-encapsidating reovirus replicates and disseminates more efficiently in mice relative to a low σ1-encapsidating reovirus. These findings provide evidence of a relationship between viral attachment protein encapsidation efficiency and viral replication in cell culture and animal hosts.","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D014779', 'D036022', 'D012088', 'D053585', 'D011110', 'D030102', 'D019065', 'D002460', 'D002213', 'D006801']"
38755280,Dual function of a highly conserved bacteriophage tail completion protein essential for bacteriophage infectivity.,"Infection of bacteria by phages is a complex multi-step process that includes specific recognition of the host cell, creation of a temporary breach in the host envelope, and ejection of viral DNA into the bacterial cytoplasm. These steps must be perfectly regulated to ensure efficient infection. Here we report the dual function of the tail completion protein gp16.1 of bacteriophage SPP1. First, gp16.1 has an auxiliary role in assembly of the tail interface that binds to the capsid connector. Second, gp16.1 is necessary to ensure correct routing of phage DNA to the bacterial cytoplasm. Viral particles assembled without gp16.1 are indistinguishable from wild-type virions and eject DNA normally in vitro. However, they release their DNA to the extracellular space upon interaction with the host bacterium. The study shows that a highly conserved tail completion protein has distinct functions at two essential steps of the virus life cycle in long-tailed phages.","['D017376', 'D001435', 'D004279', 'D014771']"
38754753,Production of VP3-only virus-like particles of Adeno-associated virus 2 in E. coli cells.,"Adeno-associated Virus (AAV) is a promising vector for gene therapy. However, few studies have focused on producing virus-like particles (VLPs) of AAV in cells, especially in E. coli. In this study, we describe a method to produce empty VP3-only VLPs of AAV2 in E. coli by co-expressing VP3 and assembly-activating protein (AAP) of AAV2. Although the yields of VLPs produced with our method were low, the VLPs were able to self-assemble in E. coli without the need of in vitro capsid assembly. The produced VLPs were characterized by immunological detection and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that capsid assembly of AAV2 is possible in E. coli, and E. coli may be a candidate system for production of VLPs of AAV.","['D004926', 'D000229', 'D036022', 'D014771', 'D019065', 'D005822', 'D019219', 'D006801']"
38753766,An AAV capsid reprogrammed to bind human transferrin receptor mediates brain-wide gene delivery.,"Developing vehicles that efficiently deliver genes throughout the human central nervous system (CNS) will broaden the range of treatable genetic diseases. We engineered an adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid, BI-hTFR1, that binds human transferrin receptor (TfR1), a protein expressed on the blood-brain barrier. BI-hTFR1 was actively transported across human brain endothelial cells and, relative to AAV9, provided 40 to 50 times greater reporter expression in the CNS of human TFRC knockin mice. The enhanced tropism was CNS-specific and absent in wild-type mice. When used to deliver GBA1, mutations of which cause Gaucher disease and are linked to Parkinson's disease, BI-hTFR1 substantially increased brain and cerebrospinal fluid glucocerebrosidase activity compared with AAV9. These findings establish BI-hTFR1 as a potential vector for human CNS gene therapy.","['D000818', 'D006801', 'D051379', 'D015703', 'D001812', 'D001921', 'D002213', 'D036022', 'D000229', 'D042783', 'D055879', 'D018014', 'D015316', 'D005822', 'D011990', 'D005962', 'D005776', 'D010300']"
38752610,Transformation of a Viral Capsid from Nanocages to Nanotubes and Then to Hydrogels: Redirected Self-Assembly and Effects on Immunogenicity.,"The ability to manipulate the self-assembly of proteins is essential to understanding the mechanisms of life and beneficial to fabricating advanced nanomaterials. Here, we report the transformation of the MS2 phage capsid from nanocages to nanotubes and then to nanotube hydrogels through simple point mutations guided by interfacial interaction redesign. We demonstrate that site 70, which lies in the flexible FG loop of the capsid protein (CP), is a ""magic"" site that can largely dictate the final morphology of assemblies. By varying the amino acid at site 70, with the aid of a cysteine-to-alanine mutation at site 46, we achieved the assembly of double-helical or single-helical nanotubes in addition to nanocages. Furthermore, an additional cysteine substitution on the surface of nanotubes mediated their cross-linking to form hydrogels with reducing agent responsiveness. The hierarchical self-assembly system allowed for the investigation of morphology-related immunogenicity of MS2 CPs, which revealed dramatic differences among nanocages, nanotubes, and nanotube hydrogels in terms of immune response types, antibody levels and T cell functions. This study provides insights into the assembly manipulation of protein nanomaterials and the customized design of nanovaccines and drug delivery systems.","['D020100', 'D043942', 'D036022', 'D002213', 'D017909', 'D000818', 'D049329', 'D051379', 'D008958']"
38747061,A novel BSL-2 Lassa virus reverse genetics system modelling the complete viral life cycle.,"Lassa virus (LASV), a risk-group 4 pathogen, must be handled in biosafety level-4 (BSL-4) conditions, thereby limiting its research and antiviral development. Here, we developed a novel LASV reverse genetics system which, to our knowledge, is the first to study the complete LASV life cycle under BSL-2 conditions. Viral particles can be produced efficiently when LASV minigenomic RNA harbouring minimal viral cis-elements and reporter genes is transfected into a helper cell line stably expressing viral NP, GP, Z and L proteins. The resulting defective virions, named LASVmg, can propagate only in the helper cell line, providing a BSL-2 model to study the complete LASV life cycle. Using this model, we found that a previously reported cellular receptor α-dystroglycan is dispensable for LASVmg infection. Furthermore, we showed that ribavirin can inhibit LASVmg infection by inducing viral mutations. This new BSL-2 system should facilitate studying the LASV life cycle and screening antivirals.","['D007836', 'D059386', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D000998', 'D002522', 'D002460', 'D014779', 'D007835', 'D012254', 'D014709', 'D003264', 'D016679', 'D014771']"
38743362,Generation of Defective Interfering Particles of Morbilliviruses Using Reverse Genetics.,"RNA viruses generate defective genomes naturally during virus replication. Defective genomes that interfere with the infection dynamics either through resource competition or by interferon stimulation are known as defective interfering (DI) genomes. DI genomes can be successfully packaged into virus-like-particles referred to as defective interfering particles (DIPs). Such DIPs can sustainably coexist with the full-length virus particles and have been shown to negatively impact virus replication in vitro and in vivo. Here, we describe a method to generate a clonal DI genome population by reverse genetics. This method is applicable to other RNA viruses and will enable assessment of DIPs for their antiviral properties.","['D059386', 'D003673', 'D000818', 'D014779', 'D016679', 'D018103', 'D006801', 'D014771', 'D014709', 'D002522', 'D012367']"
38743227,Biochemical Detection of Capsid in the Nucleus During HIV-1 Infection.,"Recent evidence has shown that uncoating and reverse transcription precede nuclear import. These recent breakthroughs have been made possible through the development of innovative biochemical and imaging techniques. This method outlines the biochemical assay used for detecting the presence of the HIV-1 core in the nuclear compartment. In this procedure, human cells are infected with HIV-1NL4-3, with or without the inclusion of PF74, a small molecule that inhibits core entry into the nuclear compartment. Subsequently, cells are separated into cytosolic and nuclear fractions. To assess whether the capsid protein has reached the nuclear compartment, cytosolic and nuclear fractions are subjected to Western blot analysis, utilizing antibodies specific to the HIV-1 capsid protein p24. To validate the true origin of these fractions, Western blot analysis employing antibodies against cytosolic and nuclear markers are also performed. In summary, this assay provides a reliable and efficient means to detect the presence of the HIV-1 capsid protein in the nucleus during infection under various conditions.","['D006801', 'D015497', 'D002467', 'D015658', 'D002213', 'D016655', 'D036022', 'D015153', 'D010649', 'D002460']"
38743222,Single-Virion Analysis: A Method to Visualize HIV-1 Particle Content Using Fluorescence Microscopy.,"HIV-1 virions incorporate viral RNA, cellular RNAs, and proteins during the assembly process. Some of these components, such as the viral RNA genome and viral proteins, are essential for viral replication, whereas others, such as host innate immune proteins, can inhibit virus replication. Therefore, analyzing the virion content is an integral part of studying HIV-1 replication. Traditionally, virion contents have been examined using biochemical assays, which can provide information on the presence or absence of the molecule of interest but not its distribution in the virion population. Here, we describe a method, single-virion analysis, that directly examines the presence of molecules of interest in individual viral particles using fluorescence microscopy. Thus, this method can detect both the presence and the distribution of molecules of interest in the virion population. Single-virion analysis was first developed to study HIV-1 RNA genome packaging. In this assay, HIV-1 unspliced RNA is labeled with a fluorescently tagged RNA-binding protein (protein A) and some of the Gag proteins are labeled with a different fluorescent protein (protein B). Using fluorescence microscopy, HIV-1 particles can be identified by the fluorescent protein B signal and the presence of unspliced HIV-1 RNA can be identified by the fluorescent protein A signal. Therefore, the proportions of particles that contain unspliced RNA can be determined by the fraction of Gag particles that also have a colocalized RNA signal. By tagging the molecule of interest with fluorescent proteins, single-virion analysis can be easily adapted to study the incorporation of other viral or host cell molecules into particles. Indeed, this method has been adapted to examine the proportion of HIV-1 particles that contain APOBEC3 proteins and the fraction of particles that contain a modified Gag protein. Therefore, single-virion analysis is a flexible method to study the nucleic acid and protein content of HIV-1 particles.","['D015497', 'D014771', 'D008856', 'D006801', 'D012367', 'D019065', 'D014779', 'D015658']"
38743218,"Imaging HIV-1 Nuclear Import, Uncoating, and Proviral Transcription.","Live-cell imaging has become a powerful tool for dissecting the behavior of viral complexes during HIV-1 infection with high temporal and spatial resolution. Very few HIV-1 particles in a viral population are infectious and successfully complete replication (~1/50). Single-particle live-cell imaging enables the study of these rare infectious viral particles, which cannot be accomplished in biochemical assays that measure the average property of the entire viral population, most of which are not infectious. The timing and location of many events in the early stage of the HIV-1 life cycle, including nuclear import, uncoating, and integration, have only recently been elucidated. Live-cell imaging also provides a valuable approach to study interactions of viral and host factors in distinct cellular compartments and at specific stages of viral replication. Successful live-cell imaging experiments require careful consideration of the fluorescent labeling method used and avoid or minimize its potential impact on normal viral replication and produce misleading results. Ideally, it is beneficial to utilize multiple virus labeling strategies and compare the results to ensure that the virion labeling did not adversely influence the viral replication step that is under investigation. Another potential benefit of using different labeling strategies is that they can provide information about the state of the viral complexes. Here, we describe our methods that utilize multiple fluorescent protein labeling approaches to visualize and quantify important events in the HIV-1 life cycle, including docking HIV-1 particles with the nuclear envelope (NE) and their nuclear import, uncoating, and proviral transcription.","['D015497', 'D021581', 'D006801', 'D014158', 'D014779', 'D057646', 'D011533', 'D002467', 'D015658', 'D014771']"
38743217,Infectious Virus Tracking by Fluorescent Live Cell Imaging in Primary Cells.,"To successfully infect a cell, HIV-1 has to overcome several host barriers while exploiting cellular cofactors. HIV-1 infection is highly inefficient with the great majority of viral particles not being able to successfully integrate into the target cell genome. Nonproductive HIV-1 particles are degraded or accumulated in cellular compartments. Thus, it becomes hard to distinguish between viral behaviors that lead to effectively infecting the cell from the ones that do not by using traditional methods. Here, we describe the infectious virus tracking method that detects and quantifies individual fluorescent viral particles over time and links viral particle behavior to its infectivity. This method employs live-cell imaging at ultra-low MOIs to detect the outcome of infection for every HIV-1 particle.","['D015497', 'D006801', 'D014771', 'D015658', 'D008856', 'D002478']"
38735141,A cell based assay using virus-like particles to screen AM type mimics for SARS-CoV-2 neutralisation.,"A number of small molecule and protein therapeutic candidates have been developed in the last four years against SARS-CoV-2 spike. However, there are hardly a few molecules that have advanced through the subsequent discovery steps to eventually work as a therapeutic agent. This is majorly because of the hurdles in determining the affinity of potential therapeutics with live SARS-CoV-2 virus. Furthermore, affinity determined for the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, at times, fails to mimic physiological conditions of the host-virus interaction. To bridge this gap between in vitro and in vivo methods of therapeutic agent screening, we report an improved screening protocol for therapeutic candidates using SARS-CoV-2 virus like particles (VLPs). To minimise the interference from the bulkier reporters like GPF in the affinity studies, a smaller hemagglutinin (HA) tag has been fused to one of the proteins of VLP. This HA tag serves as readout, when probed with fluorescent anti-HA antibodies. Outcome of this study sheds light on the lesser known virus neutralisation capabilities of AM type miniprotein mimics. Further, to assess the stability of SARS-CoV-2 spike - miniprotein complex, we have performed molecular dynamic simulations on the membrane embedded protein complex. Simulation results reveal extremely stable intermolecular interactions between RBD and one of the AM type miniproteins, AM1. Furthermore, we discovered a robust network of intramolecular interactions that help stabilise AM1. Findings from our in vitro and in silico experiments concurrently highlight advantages and capabilities of mimic based miniprotein therapeutics.","['D000086402', 'D064370', 'D006801', 'D000086382', 'D011485', 'D014771', 'D000998', 'D057809']"
38730276,Delineating organizational principles of the endogenous L-A virus by cryo-EM and computational analysis of native cell extracts.,"The high abundance of most viruses in infected host cells benefits their structural characterization. However, endogenous viruses are present in low copy numbers and are therefore challenging to investigate. Here, we retrieve cell extracts enriched with an endogenous virus, the yeast L-A virus. The determined cryo-EM structure discloses capsid-stabilizing cation-π stacking, widespread across viruses and within the Totiviridae, and an interplay of non-covalent interactions from ten distinct capsomere interfaces. The capsid-embedded mRNA decapping active site trench is supported by a constricting movement of two flexible opposite-facing loops. tRNA-loaded polysomes and other biomacromolecules, presumably mRNA, are found in virus proximity within the cell extract. Mature viruses participate in larger viral communities resembling their rare in-cell equivalents in terms of size, composition, and inter-virus distances. Our results collectively describe a 3D-architecture of a viral milieu, opening the door to cell-extract-based high-resolution structural virology.","['D020285', 'D002213', 'D002457', 'D012441', 'D012367', 'D012333']"
38729919,Strategy toward In-Cell Self-Assembly of an Artificial Viral Capsid from a Fluorescent Protein-Modified β-Annulus Peptide.,"In-cell self-assembly of natural viral capsids is an event that can be visualized under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. By mimicking the self-assembly of natural viral capsids, various artificial protein- and peptide-based nanocages were developed; however, few studies have reported the in-cell self-assembly of such nanocages. Our group developed a β-Annulus peptide that can form a nanocage called artificial viral capsid in vitro, but in-cell self-assembly of the capsid has not been achieved. Here, we designed an artificial viral capsid decorated with a fluorescent protein, StayGold, to visualize in-cell self-assembly. Fluorescence anisotropy measurements and fluorescence resonance energy transfer imaging, in addition to TEM observations of the cells and super-resolution microscopy, revealed that StayGold-conjugated β-Annulus peptides self-assembled into the StayGold-decorated artificial viral capsid in a cell. Using these techniques, we achieved the in-cell self-assembly of an artificial viral capsid.","['D010455', 'D002213', 'D036022', 'D031541', 'D008164', 'D046529', 'D005454', 'D019065']"
38729153,NRP1 is a receptor for mammalian orthoreovirus engaged by distinct capsid subunits.,"Mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus) is a nonenveloped virus that establishes primary infection in the intestine and disseminates to sites of secondary infection, including the CNS. Reovirus entry involves multiple engagement factors, but how the virus disseminates systemically and targets neurons remains unclear. In this study, we identified murine neuropilin 1 (mNRP1) as a receptor for reovirus. mNRP1 binds reovirus with nanomolar affinity using a unique mechanism of virus-receptor interaction, which is coordinated by multiple interactions between distinct reovirus capsid subunits and multiple NRP1 extracellular domains. By exchanging essential capsid protein-encoding gene segments, we determined that the multivalent interaction is mediated by outer-capsid protein σ3 and capsid turret protein λ2. Using capsid mutants incapable of binding NRP1, we found that NRP1 contributes to reovirus dissemination and neurovirulence in mice. Collectively, our results demonstrate that NRP1 is an entry receptor for reovirus and uncover mechanisms by which NRPs promote viral entry and pathogenesis.","['D000818', 'D051379', 'D036022', 'D039942', 'D053586', 'D030102', 'D012088', 'D011991', 'D006801', 'D002213', 'D002460', 'D057809', 'D011485', 'D008810']"
38728300,Multi-epitope vaccine design using in silico analysis of glycoprotein and nucleocapsid of NIPAH virus.,"According to the 2018 WHO R&D Blueprint, Nipah virus (NiV) is a priority disease, and the development of a vaccine against NiV is strongly encouraged. According to criteria used to categorize zoonotic diseases, NiV is a stage III disease that can spread to people and cause unpredictable outbreaks. Since 2001, the NiV virus has caused annual outbreaks in Bangladesh, while in India it has caused occasional outbreaks. According to estimates, the mortality rate for infected individuals ranges from 70 to 91%. Using immunoinformatic approaches to anticipate the epitopes of the MHC-I, MHC-II, and B-cells, they were predicted using the NiV glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein. The selected epitopes were used to develop a multi-epitope vaccine construct connected with linkers and adjuvants in order to improve immune responses to the vaccine construct. The 3D structure of the engineered vaccine was anticipated, optimized, and confirmed using a variety of computer simulation techniques so that its stability could be assessed. According to the immunological simulation tests, it was found that the vaccination elicits a targeted immune response against the NiV. Docking with TLR-3, 7, and 8 revealed that vaccine candidates had high binding affinities and low binding energies. Finally, molecular dynamic analysis confirms the stability of the new vaccine. Codon optimization and in silico cloning showed that the proposed vaccine was expressed to a high degree in Escherichia coli. The study will help in identifying a potential epitope for a vaccine candidate against NiV. The developed multi-epitope vaccine construct has a lot of potential, but they still need to be verified by in vitro & in vivo studies.","['D045405', 'D014765', 'D006023', 'D006801', 'D045464', 'D003198', 'D000939', 'D056004', 'D019251', 'D062105']"
38722807,Point mutation in a virus-like capsid drives symmetry reduction to form tetrahedral cages.,"Protein capsids are a widespread form of compartmentalization in nature. Icosahedral symmetry is ubiquitous in capsids derived from spherical viruses, as this geometry maximizes the internal volume that can be enclosed within. Despite the strong preference for icosahedral symmetry, we show that simple point mutations in a virus-like capsid can drive the assembly of unique symmetry-reduced structures. Starting with the encapsulin from Myxococcus xanthus, a 180-mer bacterial capsid that adopts the well-studied viral HK97 fold, we use mass photometry and native charge detection mass spectrometry to identify a triple histidine point mutant that forms smaller dimorphic assemblies. Using cryoelectron microscopy, we determine the structures of a precedented 60-mer icosahedral assembly and an unexpected 36-mer tetrahedron that features significant geometric rearrangements around a new interaction surface between capsid protomers. We subsequently find that the tetrahedral assembly can be generated by triple-point mutation to various amino acids and that even a single histidine point mutation is sufficient to form tetrahedra. These findings represent a unique example of tetrahedral geometry when surveying all characterized encapsulins, HK97-like capsids, or indeed any virus-derived capsids reported in the Protein Data Bank, revealing the surprising plasticity of capsid self-assembly that can be accessed through minimal changes in the protein sequence.","['D017354', 'D002213', 'D036022', 'D020285', 'D016941', 'D008958']"
38718862,Phosphorylation in the Ser/Arg-rich region of the nucleocapsid of SARS-CoV-2 regulates phase separation by inhibiting self-association of a distant helix.,"The nucleocapsid protein (N) of SARS-CoV-2 is essential for virus replication, genome packaging, evading host immunity, and virus maturation. N is a multidomain protein composed of an independently folded monomeric N-terminal domain that is the primary site for RNA binding and a dimeric C-terminal domain that is essential for efficient phase separation and condensate formation with RNA. The domains are separated by a disordered Ser/Arg-rich region preceding a self-associating Leu-rich helix. Phosphorylation in the Ser/Arg region in infected cells decreases the viscosity of N:RNA condensates promoting viral replication and host immune evasion. The molecular level effect of phosphorylation, however, is missing from our current understanding. Using NMR spectroscopy and analytical ultracentrifugation, we show that phosphorylation destabilizes the self-associating Leu-rich helix 30 amino-acids distant from the phosphorylation site. NMR and gel shift assays demonstrate that RNA binding by the linker is dampened by phosphorylation, whereas RNA binding to the full-length protein is not significantly affected presumably due to retained strong interactions with the primary RNA-binding domain. Introducing a switchable self-associating domain to replace the Leu-rich helix confirms the importance of linker self-association to droplet formation and suggests that phosphorylation not only increases solubility of the positively charged elongated Ser/Arg region as observed in other RNA-binding proteins but can also inhibit self-association of the Leu-rich helix. These data highlight the effect of phosphorylation both at local sites and at a distant self-associating hydrophobic helix in regulating liquid-liquid phase separation of the entire protein.","['D000086402', 'D010766', 'D000086462', 'D006801', 'D012367', 'D010750', 'D012694', 'D019590', 'D000086382', 'D001120', 'D011485', 'D019251', 'D009682', 'D000095496']"
38717948,Methodological Validation of Sedimentation Velocity Analytical Ultracentrifugation Method for Adeno-Associated Virus and Collaborative Calibration of System Suitability Substance.,"Currently, adeno-associated virus (AAV) is one of the primary gene delivery vectors in gene therapy, facilitating long-term in vivo gene expression. Despite being imperative, it is incredibly challenging to precisely assess AAV particle distribution according to the sedimentation coefficient and identify impurities related to capsid structures. This study performed the systematic methodological validation of quantifying the AAV empty and full capsid ratio. This includes specificity, accuracy, precision, linearity, and parameter variables involving the sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation (SV-AUC) method. Specifically, SV-AUC differentiated among the empty, partial, full, and high sedimentation coefficient substance (HSCS) AAV particles while evaluating their sedimentation heterogeneity. The intermediate precision analysis of HE (high percentage of empty capsid) and HF (high percentage of full capsid) samples revealed that the specific species percentage, such as empty or full, was more significant than 50%. Moreover, the relative standard deviation (RSD) could be within 5%. Even for empty or partially less than 15%, the RSD could be within 10%. The accuracy recovery rates of empty capsid were between 103.9% and 108.7% across three different mixtures. When the measured percentage of specific species was more significant than 14%, the recovery rate was between 77.9% and 106.6%. Linearity analysis revealed an excellent linear correlation between the empty, partial, and full in the HE samples. The AAV samples with as low as 7.4 × 1011 cp/mL AAV could be accurately quantified with SV-AUC. The parameter variable analyses revealed that variations in cell alignment significantly affected the overall results. Still, the detection wavelength of 235 nm slightly influenced the empty, partial, and full percentages. Minor detection wavelength changes showed no impact on the sedimentation coefficient of these species. However, the temperature affected the measured sedimentation coefficient. These results validated the SV-AUC method to quantify AAV. This study provides solutions to AAV empty and full capsid ratio quantification challenges and the subsequent basis for calibrating the AAV empty capsid system suitability substance. Because of the AAV structure and potential variability complexity in detection, we jointly calibrated empty capsid system suitability substance with three laboratories to accurately detect the quantitative AAV empty and full capsid ratio. The empty capsid system suitability substance could be used as an external reference to measure the performance of the instrument. The results could be compared with multiple QC (quality control) laboratories based on the AAV vector and calibration accuracy. This is crucial for AUC to be used for QC release and promote gene therapy research worldwide.","['D000229', 'D014461', 'D006801', 'D005822', 'D002138', 'D015316', 'D002213', 'D057809']"
38713593,ZMapp reduces diffusion of Ebola viral particles in fresh human cervicovaginal mucus.,"Vaginal transmission from semen of male Ebola virus (EBOV) survivors has been implicated as a potential origin of Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks. While EBOV in semen must traverse cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) to reach target cells, the behaviour of EBOV in CVM is poorly understood. CVM contains substantial quantities of IgG, and arrays of IgG bound to a virion can develop multiple Fc-mucin bonds, immobilizing the IgG/virion complex in mucus. Here, we measured the real-time mobility of fluorescent Ebola virus-like-particles (VLP) in 50 CVM specimens from 17 women, with and without ZMapp, a cocktail of 3 monoclonal IgGs against EBOV. ZMapp-mediated effective trapping of Ebola VLPs in CVM from a subset of women across the menstrual cycle, primarily those with Lactobacillus crispatus dominant microbiota. Our work underscores the influence of the vaginal microbiome on IgG-mucin crosslinking against EBOV and identifies bottlenecks in the sexual transmission of EBOV.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D029043', 'D014621', 'D019142', 'D014771', 'D007074', 'D000328', 'D002582', 'D009093']"
38709860,In Vivo Delivery of Spherical and Cylindrical In Vitro Reconstituted Virus-like Particles Containing the Same Self-Amplifying mRNA.,"The dramatic effectiveness of recent mRNA (mRNA)-based COVID vaccines delivered in lipid nanoparticles has highlighted the promise of mRNA therapeutics in general. In this report, we extend our earlier work on self-amplifying mRNAs delivered in spherical in vitro reconstituted virus-like particles (VLPs), and on drug delivery using cylindrical virus particles. In particular, we carry out separate in vitro assemblies of a self-amplifying mRNA gene in two different virus-like particles: one spherical, formed with the capsid protein of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV), and the other cylindrical, formed from the capsid protein of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The mRNA gene is rendered self-amplifying by genetically fusing it to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of Nodamura virus, and the relative efficacies of cell uptake and downstream protein expression resulting from their CCMV- and TMV-packaged forms are compared directly. This comparison is carried out by their transfections into cells in culture: expressions of two self-amplifying genes, enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) and Renilla luciferase (Luc), packaged alternately in CCMV and TMV VLPs, are quantified by fluorescence and chemiluminescence levels, respectively, and relative numbers of the delivered mRNAs are measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The cellular uptake of both forms of these VLPs is further confirmed by confocal microscopy of transfected cells. Finally, VLP-mediated delivery of the self-amplifying-mRNA in mice following footpad injection is shown by in vivo fluorescence imaging to result in robust expression of EYFP in the draining lymph nodes, suggesting the potential of these plant virus-like particles as a promising mRNA gene and vaccine delivery modality. These results establish that both CCMV and TMV VLPs can deliver their in vitro packaged mRNA genes to immune cells and that their self-amplifying forms significantly enhance in situ expression. Choice of one VLP (CCMV or TMV) over the other will depend on which geometry of nucleocapsid is self-assembled more efficiently for a given length and sequence of RNA, and suggests that these plant VLP gene delivery systems will prove useful in a wide variety of medical applications, both preventive and therapeutic.","['D000818', 'D012333', 'D051379', 'D014027', 'D036022', 'D017795', 'D053758', 'D006801', 'D005260', 'D000086663', 'D014771', 'D012324', 'D058425', 'D008081']"
38704431,An Elastin-like Polypeptide-fusion peptide targeting capsid-tegument interface as an antiviral against cytomegalovirus infection.,"The tegument protein pp150 of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is known to be essential for the final stages of virus maturation and mediates its functions by interacting with capsid proteins. Our laboratory has previously identified the critical regions in pp150 important for pp150-capsid interactions and designed peptides similar in sequence to these regions, with a goal to competitively inhibit capsid maturation. Treatment with a specific peptide (PepCR2 or P10) targeted to pp150 conserved region 2 led to a significant reduction in murine CMV (MCMV) growth in cell culture, paving the way for in vivo testing in a mouse model of CMV infection. However, the general pharmacokinetic parameters of peptides, including rapid degradation and limited tissue and cell membrane permeability, pose a challenge to their successful use in vivo. Therefore, we designed a biopolymer-stabilized elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) fusion construct (ELP-P10) to enhance the bioavailability of P10. Antiviral efficacy and cytotoxic effects of ELP-P10 were studied in cell culture, and pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and antiviral efficacy were studied in a mouse model of CMV infection. ELP-P10 maintained significant antiviral activity in cell culture, and this conjugation significantly enhanced P10 bioavailability in mouse tissues. The fluorescently labeled ELP-P10 accumulated to higher levels in mouse liver and kidneys as compared to the unconjugated P10. Moreover, viral titers from vital organs of MCMV-infected mice indicated a significant reduction of virus load upon ELP-P10 treatment. Therefore, ELP-P10 has the potential to be developed into an effective antiviral against CMV infection.","['D000818', 'D004549', 'D003586', 'D051379', 'D000998', 'D010455', 'D018146', 'D006801', 'D036022', 'D003587', 'D002213', 'D011993', 'D004195', 'D000097825', 'D010750', 'D014763']"
38703202,Hybrid modeling of an ultracentrifugation process for separation of full and empty adeno-associated virus particles.,"Ultracentrifugation is an attractive method for separating full and empty capsids, exploiting their density difference. Changes of the serotype/capsid, density of loading material, or the genetic information contained in the adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) require the adaptation of the harvesting parameters and the density gradient loaded onto the centrifuge. To streamline these adaptations, a mathematical model could support the design and testing of operating conditions.Here, hybrid models, which combine empirical functions with artificial neural networks, are proposed to describe the separation of full and empty capsids as a function of material and operational parameters, i.e., the harvest model. In addition, critical quality attributes are estimated by a quality model which is operating on top of the harvest model. The performance of these models was evaluated using test data and two additional blind runs. Also, a ""what-if"" analysis was conducted to investigate whether the models' predictions align with expectations.It is concluded that the models are sufficiently accurate to support the design of operating conditions, though the accuracy and applicability of the models can further be increased by training them on more specific data with higher variability.","['D000229', 'D014461', 'D014771', 'D016571']"
38695734,ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Fimoviridae 2024.,"Members of the family Fimoviridae are plant viruses with a multipartite negative-sense enveloped RNA genome (-ssRNA), composed of 4-10 segments comprising 12.3-18.5 kb in total, within quasi-spherical virions. Fimoviruses are transmitted to plants by eriophyid mites and induce characteristic cytopathologies in their host plants, including double membrane-bound bodies in the cytoplasm of virus-infected cells. Most fimoviruses infect dicotyledonous plants, and many cause serious disease epidemics. This is a summary of the ICTV Report on the family Fimoviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/fimoviridae.","['D016679', 'D010935', 'D000818', 'D010942', 'D012367', 'D014771', 'D010944', 'D000086103', 'D008925', 'D010802']"
38692868,The Terminase Complex of Each Human Herpesvirus.,"The human herpesviruses (HHVs) are classified into the following three subfamilies: Alphaherpesvirinae, Betaherpesvirinae, and Gammaherpesvirinae. These HHVs have distinct pathological features, while containing a highly conserved viral replication pathway. Among HHVs, the basic viral particle structure and the sequential processes of viral replication are nearly identical. In particular, the capsid formation mechanism has been proposed to be highly similar among herpesviruses, because the viral capsid-organizing proteins are highly conserved at the structural and functional levels. Herpesviruses form capsids containing the viral genome in the nucleus of infected cells during the lytic phase, and release infectious virus (i.e., virions) to the cell exterior. In the capsid formation process, a single-unit-length viral genome is encapsidated into a preformed capsid. The single-unit-length viral genome is produced by cleavage from a viral genome precursor in which multiple unit-length viral genomes are tandemly linked. This encapsidation and cleavage is carried out by the terminase complex, which is composed of viral proteins. Since the terminase complex-mediated encapsidation and cleavage is a virus-specific mechanism that does not exist in humans, it may be an excellent inhibitory target for anti-viral drugs with high virus specificity. This review provides an overview of the functions of the terminase complexes of HHVs.","['D006801', 'D006564', 'D004706', 'D014764', 'D000818', 'D016679', 'D002213', 'D014779']"
38689137,Dynamical analysis of a general delayed HBV infection model with capsids and adaptive immune response in presence of exposed infected hepatocytes.,"The aim of this paper is to develop and investigate a novel mathematical model of the dynamical behaviors of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. The model includes exposed infected hepatocytes, intracellular HBV DNA-containing capsids, uses a general incidence function for viral infection covering a variety of special cases available in the literature, and describes the interaction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes that kill the infected hepatocytes and the magnitude of B-cells that send antibody immune defense to neutralize free virions. Further, one time delay is incorporated to account for actual capsids production. The other time delays are used to account for maturation of capsids and free viruses. We start with the analysis of the proposed model by establishing the local and global existence, uniqueness, non-negativity and boundedness of solutions. After defined the threshold parameters, we discuss the stability properties of all possible steady state constants by using the crafty Lyapunov functionals, the LaSalle's invariance principle and linearization methods. The impacts of the three time delays on the HBV infection transmission are discussed through local and global sensitivity analysis of the basic reproduction number and of the classes of infected states. Finally, an application is provided and numerical simulations are performed to illustrate and interpret the theoretical results obtained. It is suggested that, a good strategy to eradicate or to control HBV infection within a host should concentrate on any drugs that may prolong the values of the three delays.","['D022781', 'D006515', 'D006801', 'D002213', 'D056704', 'D019694', 'D003198', 'D055641', 'D018448', 'D013602', 'D050936', 'D001402', 'D004279', 'D008954']"
38687787,Identification and epidemiological study of an uncultured flavivirus from ticks using viral metagenomics and pseudoinfectious viral particles.,"During their blood-feeding process, ticks are known to transmit various viruses to vertebrates, including humans. Recent viral metagenomic analyses using next-generation sequencing (NGS) have revealed that blood-feeding arthropods like ticks harbor a large diversity of viruses. However, many of these viruses have not been isolated or cultured, and their basic characteristics remain unknown. This study aimed to present the identification of a difficult-to-culture virus in ticks using NGS and to understand its epidemic dynamics using molecular biology techniques. During routine tick-borne virus surveillance in Japan, an unknown flaviviral sequence was detected via virome analysis of host-questing ticks. Similar viral sequences have been detected in the sera of sika deer and wild boars in Japan, and this virus was tentatively named the Saruyama virus (SAYAV). Because SAYAV did not propagate in any cultured cells tested, single-round infectious virus particles (SRIP) were generated based on its structural protein gene sequence utilizing a yellow fever virus-based replicon system to understand its nationwide endemic status. Seroepidemiological studies using SRIP as antigens have demonstrated the presence of neutralizing antibodies against SAYAV in sika deer and wild boar captured at several locations in Japan, suggesting that SAYAV is endemic throughout Japan. Phylogenetic analyses have revealed that SAYAV forms a sister clade with the Orthoflavivirus genus, which includes important mosquito- and tick-borne pathogenic viruses. This shows that SAYAV evolved into a lineage independent of the known orthoflaviviruses. This study demonstrates a unique approach for understanding the epidemiology of uncultured viruses by combining viral metagenomics and pseudoinfectious viral particles.","['D000818', 'D056186', 'D007564', 'D003670', 'D005416', 'D013987', 'D010802', 'D000083422', 'D014771', 'D034421', 'D059014', 'D006801', 'D016036', 'D016679']"
38687001,ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Nairoviridae 2024.,"Nairoviridae is a family for negative-sense RNA viruses with genomes of about 17.2-21.1 kb. These viruses are maintained in and/or transmitted by arthropods among birds, reptiles and mammals. Norwaviruses and orthonairoviruses can cause febrile illness in humans. Several orthonairoviruses can infect mammals, causing mild, severe and sometimes, fatal diseases. Nairovirids produce enveloped virions containing two or three single-stranded RNA segments with open reading frames that encode a nucleoprotein (N), sometimes a glycoprotein precursor (GPC), and a large (L) protein containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) report on the family Nairoviridae, which is available at www.ictv.global/report/nairoviridae.","['D000818', 'D016679', 'D006801', 'D016366', 'D014764', 'D016855', 'D012367', 'D010802', 'D014771', 'D012324']"
38683736,DNA Released by Adeno-Associated Virus Strongly Alters Capsid Aggregation Kinetics in a Physiological Solution.,"While adeno-associated virus is a leading vector for gene therapy, significant gaps remain in understanding AAV degradation and stability. In this work, we study the degradation of an engineered AAV serotype at physiological pH and ionic strength. Viral particles of varying fractions of encapsulated DNA were incubated between 30 and 60 °C, with changes in molecular weight measured by changes in total light scattering intensity at 90° over time. Mostly full vectors demonstrated a rapid decrease in molecular weight corresponding to the release of capsid DNA, followed by slow aggregation. In contrast, empty vectors demonstrated immediate, rapid colloid-type aggregation. Mixtures of full and empty capsids showed a pronounced decrease in initial aggregation that cannot be explained by a linear superposition of empty and full degradation scattering signatures, indicating interactions between capsids and ejected DNA that influenced aggregation mechanisms. This demonstrates key interactions between AAV capsids and their cargo that influence capsid degradation, aggregation, and DNA release mechanisms in a physiological solution.","['D000229', 'D002213', 'D007700', 'D004279', 'D006801', 'D005822', 'D036022', 'D006863']"
38678040,Stimulus-responsive assembly of nonviral nucleocapsids.,"Controlled assembly of a protein shell around a viral genome is a key step in the life cycle of many viruses. Here we report a strategy for regulating the co-assembly of nonviral proteins and nucleic acids into highly ordered nucleocapsids in vitro. By fusing maltose binding protein to the subunits of NC-4, an engineered protein cage that encapsulates its own encoding mRNA, we successfully blocked spontaneous capsid assembly, allowing isolation of the individual monomers in soluble form. To initiate RNA-templated nucleocapsid formation, the steric block can be simply removed by selective proteolysis. Analyses by transmission and cryo-electron microscopy confirmed that the resulting assemblies are structurally identical to their RNA-containing counterparts produced in vivo. Enzymatically triggered cage formation broadens the range of RNA molecules that can be encapsulated by NC-4, provides unique opportunities to study the co-assembly of capsid and cargo, and could be useful for studying other nonviral and viral assemblies.","['D019251', 'D020285', 'D058619', 'D019065', 'D002213', 'D012367', 'D036022', 'D012333']"
38675928,Higher-Order Structure of Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 8 by Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry.,"The higher-order structure (HOS) is a critical quality attribute of recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs). Evaluating the HOS of the entire rAAV capsid is challenging because of the flexibility and/or less folded nature of the VP1 unique (VP1u) and VP1/VP2 common regions, which are structural features essential for these regions to exert their functions following viral infection. In this study, hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) was used for the structural analysis of full and empty rAAV8 capsids. We obtained 486 peptides representing 85% sequence coverage. Surprisingly, the VP1u region showed rapid deuterium uptake even though this region contains the phospholipase A2 domain composed primarily of α-helices. The comparison of deuterium uptake between full and empty capsids showed significant protection from hydrogen/deuterium exchange in the full capsid at the channel structure of the 5-fold symmetry axis. This corresponds to cryo-electron microscopy studies in which the extended densities were observed only in the full capsid. In addition, deuterium uptake was reduced in the VP1u region of the full capsid, suggesting the folding and/or interaction of this region with the encapsidated genome. This study demonstrated HDX-MS as a powerful method for probing the structure of the entire rAAV capsid.","['D000229', 'D036022', 'D002213', 'D065288', 'D041961', 'D000080307', 'D006801', 'D003903', 'D013058', 'D020285', 'D008958']"
38675915,Quantitation of Enterovirus A71 Empty and Full Particles by Sedimentation Velocity Analytical Ultracentrifugation.,"The enterovirus A71 (EV71) inactivated vaccine is an effective intervention to control the spread of the virus and prevent EV71-associated hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). It is widely administered to infants and children in China. The empty particles (EPs) and full particles (FPs) generated during production have different antigenic and immunogenic properties. However, the antigen detection methods currently used were established without considering the differences in antigenicity between EPs and FPs. There is also a lack of other effective analytical methods for detecting the different particle forms, which hinders the consistency between batches of products. In this study, we analyzed the application of sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation (SV-AUC) in characterizing the EPs and FPs of EV71. Our results showed that the proportions of the two forms could be quantified simultaneously by SV-AUC. We also determined the repeatability and accuracy of this method and found that both parameters were satisfactory. We assessed SV-AUC for bulk vaccine quality control, and our findings indicated that SV-AUC can be used effectively to analyze the percentage of EPs and FPs and monitor the consistency of the process to ensure the quality of the vaccine.","['D029821', 'D014461', 'D006801', 'D014765', 'D015164', 'D014771', 'D006232', 'D002681', 'D011786']"
38670957,The airborne transmission of viruses causes tight transmission bottlenecks.,"The transmission bottleneck describes the number of viral particles that initiate an infection in a new host. Previous studies have used genome sequence data to suggest that transmission bottlenecks for influenza and SARS-CoV-2 involve few viral particles, but the general principles of virus transmission are not fully understood. Here we show that, across a broad range of circumstances, tight transmission bottlenecks are a simple consequence of the physical process of airborne viral transmission. We use mathematical modelling to describe the physical process of the emission and inhalation of infectious particles, deriving the result that that the great majority of transmission bottlenecks involve few viral particles. While exceptions to this rule exist, the circumstances needed to create these exceptions are likely very rare. We thus provide a physical explanation for previous inferences of bottleneck size, while predicting that tight transmission bottlenecks prevail more generally in respiratory virus transmission.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D000086402', 'D007251', 'D000391', 'D008962', 'D014771']"
38662774,Identification of a viral gene essential for the genome replication of a domesticated endogenous virus in ichneumonid parasitoid wasps.,"Thousands of endoparasitoid wasp species in the families Braconidae and Ichneumonidae harbor ""domesticated endogenous viruses"" (DEVs) in their genomes. This study focuses on ichneumonid DEVs, named ichnoviruses (IVs). Large quantities of DNA-containing IV virions are produced in ovary calyx cells during the pupal and adult stages of female wasps. Females parasitize host insects by injecting eggs and virions into the body cavity. After injection, virions rapidly infect host cells which is followed by expression of IV genes that promote the successful development of wasp offspring. IV genomes consist of two components: proviral segment loci that serve as templates for circular dsDNAs that are packaged into capsids, and genes from an ancestral virus that produce virions. In this study, we generated a chromosome-scale genome assembly for Hyposoter didymator that harbors H. didymator ichnovirus (HdIV). We identified a total of 67 HdIV loci that are amplified in calyx cells during the wasp pupal stage. We then focused on an HdIV gene, U16, which is transcribed in calyx cells during the initial stages of replication. Sequence analysis indicated that U16 contains a conserved domain in primases from select other viruses. Knockdown of U16 by RNA interference inhibited virion morphogenesis in calyx cells. Genome-wide analysis indicated U16 knockdown also inhibited amplification of HdIV loci in calyx cells. Altogether, our results identified several previously unknown HdIV loci, demonstrated that all HdIV loci are amplified in calyx cells during the pupal stage, and showed that U16 is required for amplification and virion morphogenesis.","['D000818', 'D014863', 'D014779', 'D016679', 'D005260', 'D005814', 'D014764', 'D018071', 'D014771']"
38661384,Virion-incorporated CD14 enables HIV-1 to bind LPS and initiate TLR4 signaling in immune cells.,"HIV-1 has a broad range of nuanced interactions with the immune system, and the incorporation of cellular proteins by nascent virions continues to redefine our understanding of the virus-host relationship. Proteins located at the sites of viral egress can be selectively incorporated into the HIV-1 envelope, imparting new functions and phenotypes onto virions, and impacting viral spread and disease. Using virion capture assays and western blot, we show that HIV-1 can incorporate the myeloid antigen CD14 into its viral envelope. Virion-incorporated CD14 remained biologically active and able to bind its natural ligand, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as demonstrated by flow virometry and immunoprecipitation assays. Using a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) reporter cell line, we also demonstrated that virions with bound LPS can trigger TLR4 signaling to activate transcription factors that regulate inflammatory gene expression. Complementary assays with THP-1 monocytes demonstrated enhanced secretion of inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and the C-C chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), when exposed to LPS-loaded virus. These data highlight a new type of interplay between HIV-1 and the myeloid cell compartment, a previously well-established cellular contributor to HIV-1 pathogenesis and inflammation. Persistent gut inflammation is a hallmark of chronic HIV-1 infection, and contributing to this effect is the translocation of microbes across the gut epithelium. Our data herein provide proof of principle that virion-incorporated CD14 could be a novel mechanism through which HIV-1 can drive chronic inflammation, facilitated by HIV-1 particles binding bacterial LPS and initiating inflammatory signaling in TLR4-expressing cells.IMPORTANCEHIV-1 establishes a lifelong infection accompanied by numerous immunological changes. Inflammation of the gut epithelia, exacerbated by the loss of mucosal T cells and cytokine dysregulation, persists during HIV-1 infection. Feeding back into this loop of inflammation is the translocation of intestinal microbes across the gut epithelia, resulting in the systemic dissemination of bacterial antigens, like lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our group previously demonstrated that the LPS receptor, CD14, can be readily incorporated by HIV-1 particles, supporting previous clinical observations of viruses derived from patient plasma. We now show that CD14 can be incorporated by several primary HIV-1 isolates and that this virion-incorporated CD14 can remain functional, enabling HIV-1 to bind to LPS. This subsequently allowed CD14+ virions to transfer LPS to monocytic cells, eliciting pro-inflammatory signaling and cytokine secretion. We posit here that virion-incorporated CD14 is a potential contributor to the dysregulated immune responses present in the setting of HIV-1 infection.","['D006801', 'D018946', 'D015658', 'D015497', 'D018950', 'D008070', 'D009000', 'D015398', 'D000074084', 'D051197', 'D014409', 'D014771']"
38661364,Structural morphing in the viral portal vertex of bacteriophage lambda.,"The portal protein of tailed bacteriophage plays essential roles in various aspects of capsid assembly, motor assembly, genome packaging, connector formation, and infection processes. After DNA packaging is complete, additional proteins are assembled onto the portal to form the connector complex, which is crucial as it bridges the mature head and tail. In this study, we report high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the portal vertex from bacteriophage lambda in both its prohead and mature virion states. Comparison of these structures shows that during head maturation, in addition to capsid expansion, the portal protein undergoes conformational changes to establish interactions with the connector proteins. Additionally, the independently assembled tail undergoes morphological alterations at its proximal end, facilitating its connection to the head-tail joining protein and resulting in the formation of a stable portal-connector-tail complex. The B-DNA molecule spirally glides through the tube, interacting with the nozzle blade region of the middle-ring connector protein. These insights elucidate a mechanism for portal maturation and DNA translocation within the phage lambda system.","['D010582', 'D002213', 'D036022', 'D020285', 'D042003', 'D004279', 'D008958', 'D011487', 'D014771', 'D019065']"
38658418,Comparison between different conditions for the incorporation of foreign proteins into Autographa californica multiple polyhedrovirus polyhedra for biotechnological purposes.,"The occlusion bodies of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus are proteinaceous formations with significant biotechnological potential owing to their capacity to integrate foreign proteins through fusion with polyhedrin, their primary component. However, the strategy for successful heterologous protein inclusion still requires further refinement. In this study, we conducted a comparative assessment of various conditions to achieve the embedding of recombinant proteins within polyhedra. Two baculoviruses were constructed: AcPHGFP (polh+), with GFP as a fusion to wild type (wt) polyhedrin and AcΔPHGFP (polh+), with GFP fused to a fragment corresponding to amino acids 19 to 110 of polyhedrin. These baculoviruses were evaluated by infecting Sf9 cells and stably transformed Sf9, Sf9POLH, and Sf9POLHE44G cells. The stably transformed cells contributed another copy of wt or a mutant polyhedrin, respectively. Polyhedra of each type were isolated and characterized by classical methods. The fusion PHGFP showed more-efficient incorporation into polyhedra than ΔPHGFP in the three cell lines assayed. However, ΔPHGFP polyhedron yields were higher than those of PHGFP in Sf9 and Sf9POLH cells. Based on an integral analysis of the studied parameters, it can be concluded that, except for the AcΔPHGFP/Sf9POLHE44G combination, deficiencies in one factor can be offset by improved performance by another. The combinations AcPHGFP/Sf9POLHE44G and AcΔPHGFP/Sf9POLH stand out due to their high level of incorporation and the large number of recombinant polyhedra produced, respectively. Consequently, the choice between these approaches becomes dependent on the intended application.","['D017924', 'D000818', 'D061987', 'D001709', 'D018411', 'D049452', 'D000077183', 'D000081363', 'D002460', 'D011993', 'D011994']"
38657061,HIV-1 uncoating requires long double-stranded reverse transcription products.,"HIV-1 cores, which contain the viral genome and replication machinery, must disassemble (uncoat) during viral replication. However, the viral and host factors that trigger uncoating remain unidentified. Recent studies show that infectious cores enter the nucleus and uncoat near the site of integration. Here, we show that efficient uncoating of nuclear cores requires synthesis of a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome >3.5 kb and that the efficiency of uncoating correlates with genome size. Core disruption by capsid inhibitors releases viral DNA, some of which integrates. However, most of the viral DNA is degraded, indicating that the intact core safeguards viral DNA. Atomic force microscopy and core content estimation reveal that synthesis of full-length genomic dsDNA induces substantial internal strain on the core to promote uncoating. We conclude that HIV-1 cores protect viral DNA from degradation by host factors and that synthesis of long double-stranded reverse transcription products is required to trigger efficient HIV-1 uncoating.","['D015497', 'D057646', 'D006801', 'D004279', 'D048348', 'D014779', 'D016679', 'D018625', 'D002213']"
38651648,Imaging of adeno-associated viral capsids for purposes of gene editing using CEST NMR/MRI.,"Gene therapy using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector-mediated gene delivery has undergone substantial growth in recent years with promising results in both preclinical and clinical studies, as well as emerging regulatory approval. However, the inability to quantify the efficacy of gene therapy from cellular delivery of gene-editing technology to specific functional outcomes is an obstacle for efficient development of gene therapy treatments. Building on prior works that used the CEST reporter gene lysine rich protein, we hypothesized that AAV viral capsids may generate endogenous CEST contrast from an abundance of surface lysine residues.","['D000229', 'D000818', 'D002213', 'D051379', 'D008279', 'D000072669', 'D009682', 'D015316', 'D005822', 'D006801', 'D003287']"
38647027,Pan-microscopic examination of monkeypox virus in trophoblasts cells reveals new insights into virions release through filopodia-like projections.,"Vertical transmission has been described following monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection in pregnant women. The presence of MPXV has been reported in the placenta from infected women, but whether pathogens colonize placenta remains unexplored. We identify trophoblasts as a target cell for MPXV replication. In a pan-microscopy approach, we decipher the specific infectious cycle of MPXV and inner cellular structures in trophoblasts. We identified the formation of a specialized region for viral morphogenesis and replication in placental cells. We also reported infection-induced cellular remodeling. We found that MPXV stimulates cytoskeleton reorganization with intercellular extensions for MPXV cell spreading specifically to trophoblastic cells. Altogether, the specific infectious cycle of MPXV in trophoblast cells and these protrusions that were structurally and morphologically similar to filopodia reveal new insights into the infection of MPXV.","['D014327', 'D006801', 'D011554', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D008993', 'D057074', 'D014779', 'D003599', 'D010920', 'D014771', 'D008853', 'D002460']"
38642883,Binding Evolution of the Dengue Virus Envelope Against DC-SIGN: A Combined Approach of Phylogenetics and Molecular Dynamics Analyses Over 30 Years of Dengue Virus in Brazil.,"The Red Queen Hypothesis (RQH), derived from Lewis Carroll's ""Through the Looking-Glass"", postulates that organisms must continually adapt in response to each other to maintain relative fitness. Within the context of host-pathogen interactions, the RQH implies an evolutionary arms race, wherein viruses evolve to exploit hosts and hosts evolve to resist viral invasion. This study delves into the dynamics of the RQH in the context of virus-cell interactions, specifically focusing on virus receptors and cell receptors. We observed multiple virus-host systems and noted patterns of co-evolution. As viruses evolved receptor-binding proteins to effectively engage with cell receptors, cells countered by altering their receptor genes. This ongoing mutual adaptation cycle has influenced the molecular intricacies of receptor-ligand interactions. Our data supports the RQH as a driving force behind the diversification and specialization of both viral and host cell receptors. Understanding this co-evolutionary dance offers insights into the unpredictability of emerging viral diseases and potential therapeutic interventions. Future research is crucial to dissect the nuanced molecular changes and the broader ecological consequences of this ever-evolving battle. Here, we combine phylogenetic inferences, structural modeling, and molecular dynamics analyses to describe the epidemiological characteristics of major Brazilian DENV strains that circulated from 1990 to 2022 from a combined perspective, thus providing us with a more detailed picture on the dynamics of such interactions over time.","['D006801', 'D001938', 'D015815', 'D003715', 'D003716', 'D019143', 'D054884', 'D037181', 'D056004', 'D010802', 'D011485', 'D011956', 'D011991', 'D000086942', 'D014759']"
38636317,Construction of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor-based biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins and virions.,"The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we report an ultrasensitive SARS-CoV-2 immunosensor by integration of an AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) and anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody. The AlGaN/GaN HEMT immunosensor has demonstrated the capability to detect SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins at an impressively low concentration of 10-22 M. The sensor was also applied to pseudoviruses and SARS-CoV-2 ΔN virions that display the Spike proteins with a single virion particle sensitivity. These features validate the potential of AlGaN/GaN HEMT biosensors for point of care tests targeting SARS-CoV-2. This research not only provides the first HEMT biosensing platform for ultrasensitive and label-free detection of SARS-CoV-2.","['D000086402', 'D015374', 'D064370', 'D006801', 'D014173', 'D000086382', 'D005708', 'D014771', 'D057230', 'D017607', 'D004867', 'D007118', 'D055910', 'D000914']"
38636128,Development of benzimidazole-based compounds as novel capsid assembly modulators for the treatment of HBV infection.,"Hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid assembly modulators (CAMs) represent a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of HBV infection. In this study, the hit compound CDI (IC50 = 2.46 ± 0.33 μM) was identified by screening of an in-house compound library. And then novel potent benzimidazole derivatives were designed and synthesized as core assembly modulators, and their antiviral effects were evaluated in vitro and in vivo biological experiments. The results indicated that compound 26f displayed the most optimized modulator of HBV capsid assembly (IC50 = 0.51 ± 0.20 μM, EC50 = 2.24 ± 0.43 μM, CC50 = 84.29 μM) and high selectivity index. Moreover, treatment with compound 26f for 14 days significantly decreased serum levels of HBV DNA levels in the Hydrodynamic-Injection (HDI) mouse model. Therefore, compound 26f could be considered as a promising candidate drug for further development of novel HBV CAMs with the desired potency and safety.","['D001562', 'D000998', 'D006515', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D006801', 'D006509', 'D013329', 'D015394', 'D004305', 'D002213', 'D008826', 'D056945', 'D000076722']"
38629576,Virus-like particles derived from bacteriophage MS2 as antigen scaffolds and RNA protective shells.,"The versatile potential of bacteriophage MS2-derived virus-like particles (VLPs) in medical biotechnology has been extensively studied during the last 30 years. Since the first reports showing that MS2 VLPs can be produced at high yield and relatively easily engineered, numerous applications have been proposed. Particular effort has been spent in developing MS2 VLPs as protective capsules and delivery platforms for diverse molecules, such as chemical compounds, proteins and nucleic acids. Among these, two are particularly noteworthy: as scaffolds displaying heterologous epitopes for vaccine development and as capsids for encapsulation of foreign RNA. In this review, we summarize the progress in developing MS2 VLPs for these two areas.","['D017909', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D058425', 'D012313', 'D002213']"
38628116,Collision induced unfolding and molecular dynamics simulations of norovirus capsid dimers reveal strain-specific stability profiles.,"Collision induced unfolding (CIU) is a method used with ion mobility mass spectrometry to examine protein structures and their stability. Such experiments yield information about higher order protein structures, yet are unable to provide details about the underlying processes. That information can however be provided using molecular dynamics simulations. Here, we investigate the gas-phase unfolding of norovirus capsid dimers from the Norwalk and Kawasaki strains by employing molecular dynamics simulations over a range of temperatures, representing different levels of activation, together with CIU experiments. The dimers have highly similar structures, but their CIU reveals different stability that can be explained by the different dynamics that arises in response to the activation seen in the simulations, including a part of the sequence with previously observed strain-specific dynamics in solution. Our findings show how similar protein variants can be examined using mass spectrometric techniques in conjunction with atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to reveal differences in stability as well as differences in how and where unfolding takes place upon activation.","['D056004', 'D029322', 'D058767', 'D036022', 'D055550', 'D002213', 'D055503']"
38626263,Palmitoylation of KSHV pORF55 is required for Golgi localization and efficient progeny virion production.,"Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a double-stranded DNA virus etiologically associated with multiple malignancies. Both latency and sporadic lytic reactivation contribute to KSHV-associated malignancies, however, the specific roles of many KSHV lytic gene products in KSHV replication remain elusive. In this study, we report that ablation of ORF55, a late gene encoding a tegument protein, does not impact KSHV lytic reactivation but significantly reduces the production of progeny virions. We found that cysteine 10 and 11 (C10 and C11) of pORF55 are palmitoylated, and the palmytoilation is essential for its Golgi localization and secondary envelope formation. Palmitoylation-defective pORF55 mutants are unstable and undergo proteasomal degradation. Notably, introduction of a putative Golgi localization sequence to these palmitoylation-defective pORF55 mutants restores Golgi localization and fully reinstates KSHV progeny virion production. Together, our study provides new insight into the critical role of pORF55 palmitoylation in KSHV progeny virion production and offers potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of related malignancies.","['D019288', 'D006056', 'D006801', 'D054878', 'D014771', 'D014764', 'D014779', 'D057809']"
38619867,ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Fusariviridae 2024.,"Fusariviridae is a family of mono-segmented, positive-sense RNA viruses with genome sizes of 5.9-10.7 kb. Most genomic RNAs are bicistronic, but exceptions have up to four predicted ORFs. In bicistronic genomes, the 5'-proximal ORF codes for a single protein with both RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) and RNA helicase (Hel) domains; little is known about the protein encoded by the second ORF. Fusarivirids do not appear to form virions. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Fusariviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/fusariviridae.","['D014771', 'D023281', 'D016366', 'D012313', 'D014780']"
38614100,RNA genome packaging and capsid assembly of bluetongue virus visualized in host cells.,"Unlike those of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), and ssRNA viruses, the mechanism of genome packaging of dsRNA viruses is poorly understood. Here, we combined the techniques of high-resolution cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM), cellular cryoelectron tomography (cryo-ET), and structure-guided mutagenesis to investigate genome packaging and capsid assembly of bluetongue virus (BTV), a member of the Reoviridae family of dsRNA viruses. A total of eleven assembly states of BTV capsid were captured, with resolutions up to 2.8 Å, with most visualized in the host cytoplasm. ATPase VP6 was found underneath the vertices of capsid shell protein VP3 as an RNA-harboring pentamer, facilitating RNA packaging. RNA packaging expands the VP3 shell, which then engages middle- and outer-layer proteins to generate infectious virions. These revealed ""duality"" characteristics of the BTV assembly mechanism reconcile previous contradictory co-assembly and core-filling models and provide insights into the mysterious RNA packaging and capsid assembly of Reoviridae members and beyond.","['D001820', 'D002213', 'D020285', 'D036022', 'D000818', 'D000086482', 'D012367', 'D016679', 'D019065', 'D055032', 'D014771', 'D008958', 'D002460', 'D006224']"
38604120,Crafty mimicry grants nuclear pore entry to HIV.,"The size of the nuclear pore should, in principle, prevent HIV-1 entry. However, HIV-1 capsid is able to gain nuclear pore entry. In a recent issue of Nature, Fu et al. and Dickson et al. demonstrate that the HIV-1 capsid mimics the nuclear transport protein karyopherins to access host nuclei.","['D006801', 'D022022', 'D002213', 'D036022', 'D015658', 'D021581', 'D002467', 'D028861']"
38598627,Structure and replication cycle of a virus infecting climate-modulating alga Emiliania huxleyi.,"The globally distributed marine alga Emiliania huxleyi has cooling effect on the Earth's climate. The population density of E. huxleyi is restricted by Nucleocytoviricota viruses, including E. huxleyi virus 201 (EhV-201). Despite the impact of E. huxleyi viruses on the climate, there is limited information about their structure and replication. Here, we show that the dsDNA genome inside the EhV-201 virion is protected by an inner membrane, capsid, and outer membrane. EhV-201 virions infect E. huxleyi by using fivefold vertices to bind to and fuse the virus' inner membrane with the cell plasma membrane. Progeny virions assemble in the cytoplasm at the surface of endoplasmic reticulum-derived membrane segments. Genome packaging initiates synchronously with the capsid assembly and completes through an aperture in the forming capsid. The genome-filled capsids acquire an outer membrane by budding into intracellular vesicles. EhV-201 infection induces a loss of surface protective layers from E. huxleyi cells, which enables the continuous release of virions by exocytosis.","['D058087', 'D017862', 'D014780', 'D014771', 'D002980']"
38598600,High-resolution comparative atomic structures of two Giardiavirus prototypes infecting G. duodenalis parasite.,"The Giardia lamblia virus (GLV) is a non-enveloped icosahedral dsRNA and endosymbiont virus that infects the zoonotic protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis (syn. G. lamblia, G. intestinalis), which is a pathogen of mammals, including humans. Elucidating the transmission mechanism of GLV is crucial for gaining an in-depth understanding of the virulence of the virus in G. duodenalis. GLV belongs to the family Totiviridae, which infects yeast and protozoa intracellularly; however, it also transmits extracellularly, similar to the phylogenetically, distantly related toti-like viruses that infect multicellular hosts. The GLV capsid structure is extensively involved in the longstanding discussion concerning extracellular transmission in Totiviridae and toti-like viruses. Hence, this study constructed the first high-resolution comparative atomic models of two GLV strains, namely GLV-HP and GLV-CAT, which showed different intracellular localization and virulence phenotypes, using cryogenic electron microscopy single-particle analysis. The atomic models of the GLV capsids presented swapped C-terminal extensions, extra surface loops, and a lack of cap-snatching pockets, similar to those of toti-like viruses. However, their open pores and absence of the extra crown protein resemble those of other yeast and protozoan Totiviridae viruses, demonstrating the essential structures for extracellular cell-to-cell transmission. The structural comparison between GLV-HP and GLV-CAT indicates the first evidence of critical structural motifs for the transmission and virulence of GLV in G. duodenalis.","['D016829', 'D019198', 'D020285', 'D000818', 'D002213', 'D006801', 'D010802']"
38591900,VP2 mediates the release of the feline calicivirus RNA genome by puncturing the endosome membrane of infected cells.,"Feline calicivirus (FCV) is one of the few members of the Caliciviridae family that grows well in cell lines and, therefore, serves as a surrogate to study the biology of other viruses in the family. Conley et al. (14) demonstrated that upon the receptor engagement to the capsid, FCV VP2 forms a portal-like assembly, which might provide a channel for RNA release. However, the process of calicivirus RNA release is not yet fully understood. Our findings suggest that the separation of the FCV capsid from its genome RNA (gRNA) occurs rapidly in the early endosomes of infected cells. Using a liposome model decorated with the FCV cell receptor fJAM-A, we demonstrate that FCV releases its gRNA into the liposomes by penetrating membranes under low pH conditions. Furthermore, we found that VP2, which is rich in hydrophobic residues at its N-terminus, functions as the pore-forming protein. When we substituted the VP2 N-terminal hydrophobic residues, the gRNA release efficacy of the FCV mutants decreased. In conclusion, our results suggest that in the acidic environment of early endosomes, FCV VP2 functions as the pore-forming protein to mediate gRNA release into the cytoplasm of infected cells. This provides insight into the mechanism of calicivirus genome release.IMPORTANCEResearch on the biology and pathogenicity of certain caliciviruses, such as Norovirus and Sapovirus, is hindered by the lack of easy-to-use cell culture system. Feline calicivirus (FCV), which grows effectively in cell lines, is used as a substitute. At present, there is limited understanding of the genome release mechanism in caliciviruses. Our findings suggest that FCV uses VP2 to pierce the endosome membrane for genome release and provide new insights into the calicivirus gRNA release mechanism.","['D000818', 'D002415', 'D017250', 'D017927', 'D002213', 'D036022', 'D002460', 'D011992', 'D016679', 'D008081', 'D012367', 'D057074']"
38587456,ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Hantaviridae 2024.,"Hantaviridae is a family for negative-sense RNA viruses with genomes of about 10.5-14.6 kb. These viruses are maintained in and/or transmitted by fish, reptiles, and mammals. Several orthohantaviruses can infect humans, causing mild, severe, and sometimes-fatal diseases. Hantavirids produce enveloped virions containing three single-stranded RNA segments with open reading frames that encode a nucleoprotein (N), a glycoprotein precursor (GPC), and a large (L) protein containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Hantaviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/hantaviridae.","['D000818', 'D006801', 'D012328', 'D000086103', 'D014771', 'D009698', 'D016366', 'D008322']"
38945560,The role of DsbA and PepP genes in the environmental tolerance and virulence factors of Cronobacter sakazakii.,"Cronobacter sakazakii, an opportunity foodborne pathogen, could contaminate a broad range of food materials and cause life-threatening symptoms in infants. The bacterial envelope structure contribute to bacterial environment tolerance, biofilm formation and virulence in various in Gram-negative bacteria. DsbA and PepP are two important genes related to the biogenesis and stability of bacterial envelope. In this study, the DsbA and PepP were deleted in C. sakazakii to evaluate their contribution to stress tolerance and virulence of the pathogen. The bacterial environment resistance assays showed DsbA and PepP are essential in controlling C. sakazakii resistance to heat and desiccation in different mediums, as well as acid, osmotic, oxidation and bile salt stresses. DsbA and PepP also played an important role in regulating biofilm formation and motility. Furthermore, DsbA and PepP deletion weaken C. sakazakii adhesion and invasion in Caco-2, intracellular survival and replication in RAW 264.7. qRT-PCR results showed that DsbA and PepP of C. sakazakii played roles in regulating the expression of several genes associated with environment stress tolerance, biofilm formation, bacterial motility and cellular invasion. These findings indicate that DsbA and PepP played an important regulatory role in the environment resisitance, biofilm formation and virulence of C. sakazakii, which enrich understanding of genetic determinants of adaptability and virulence of the pathogen.","['D044083', 'D037521', 'D018441', 'D006801', 'D051379', 'D014774', 'D018938', 'D001426', 'D000818', 'D000067996', 'D001422', 'D013312', 'D015964', 'D005516']"
38940862,Uncovering the Role of Autochthonous Deteriogenic Biofilm Community: Rožanec Mithraeum Monument (Slovenia).,"The primary purpose of the study, as part of the planned conservation work, was to uncover all aspects of autochthonous biofilm pertaining to the formation of numerous deterioration symptoms occurring on the limestone Rožanec Mithraeum monument in Slovenia. Using state-of-the-art sequencing technologies combining mycobiome data with observations made via numerous light and spectroscopic (FTIR and Raman) microscopy analyses pointed out to epilithic lichen Gyalecta jenensis and its photobiont, carotenoid-rich Trentepohlia aurea, as the origin of salmon-hued pigmented alterations of limestone surface. Furthermore, the development of the main deterioration symptom on the monument, i.e., biopitting, was instigated by the formation of typical endolithic thalli and ascomata of representative Verrucariaceae family (Verrucaria sp.) in conjunction with the oxalic acid-mediated dissolution of limestone. The domination of lichenized fungi, as the main deterioration agents, both on the relief and surrounding limestone, was additionally supported by the high relative abundance of lichenized and symbiotroph groups in FUNGuild analysis. Obtained results not only upgraded knowledge of this frequently occurring but often overlooked group of extremophilic stone heritage deteriogens but also provided a necessary groundwork for the development of efficient biocontrol formulation applicable in situ for the preservation of similarly affected limestone monuments.","['D018441', 'D008011', 'D002119', 'D017524', 'D001203', 'D000072761']"
38940852,"Deciphering the Antibiofilm, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Potential of Essential Oil from Indian Garlic and its Phytocompounds Against Foodborne Pathogens.","Garlic (Allium sativum L.), particularly its volatile essential oil, is widely recognized for medicinal properties. We have evaluated the efficacy of Indian Garlic Essential Oil (GEO) for antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity and its bioactive constituents. Allyl sulfur-rich compounds were identified as predominant phytochemicals in GEO, constituting 96.51% of total volatile oils, with 38% Diallyl trisulphide (DTS) as most abundant. GEO exhibited significant antibacterial activity against eleven bacteria, including three drug-resistant strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 78 to 1250 µg/mL. In bacterial growth kinetic assay GEO effectively inhibited growth of all tested strains at its ½ MIC. Antibiofilm activity was evident against two important human pathogens, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that GEO disrupts bacterial cell membranes, leading to the release of nucleic acids, proteins, and reactive oxygen species. Additionally, GEO demonstrated potent antioxidant activity at IC50 31.18 mg/mL, while its isolated constituents, Diallyl disulphide (DDS) and Diallyl trisulphide (DTS), showed effective antibacterial activity ranging from 125 to 500 µg/mL and 250-1000 µg/mL respectively. Overall, GEO displayed promising antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against enteric bacteria, suggesting its potential application in the food industry.","['D005737', 'D009822', 'D000975', 'D000900', 'D018441', 'D008826', 'D013211', 'D000498', 'D064209', 'D013440', 'D001419', 'D011550', 'D004220', 'D007194', 'D010938', 'D006801', 'D010936']"
38938878,"Extracellular components in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli biofilm and impact of treatment with proteinase K, DNase or sodium metaperiodate.","Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) is a major cause of diarrhea worldwide. EAEC are highly adherent to cultured epithelial cells and make biofilms. Both adherence and biofilm formation rely on the presence of aggregative adherence fimbriae (AAF). We compared biofilm formation from two EAEC strains of each of the five AAF types. We found that AAF type did not correlate with the level of biofilm produced. Because the composition of the EAEC biofilm has not been fully described, we stained EAEC biofilms to determine if they contained protein, carbohydrate glycoproteins, and/or eDNA and found that EAEC biofilms contained all three extracellular components. Next, we assessed the changes to the growing or mature EAEC biofilm mediated by treatment with proteinase K, DNase, or a carbohydrate cleavage agent to target the different components of the matrix. Growing biofilms treated with proteinase K had decreased biofilm staining for more than half of the strains tested. In contrast, although sodium metaperiodate only altered the biofilm in a quantitative way for two strains, images of biofilms treated with sodium metaperiodate showed that the EAEC were more spread out. Overall, we found variability in the response of the EAEC strains to the treatments, with no one treatment producing a biofilm change for all strains. Finally, once formed, mature EAEC biofilms were more resistant to treatment than biofilms grown in the presence of those same treatments.","['D018441', 'D019286', 'D004926', 'D003851', 'D010861', 'D001422', 'D006801', 'D010504']"
38932188,Bacteriophages and Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Combination Are Efficient against Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.,"Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect the bacteria within which their reproduction cycle takes place, a process that ends in the lysis and death of the bacterial cell. Some phages are also able to destroy bacterial biofilms. Due to increased antibiotics resistance, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, another biofilm-forming pathogen, is a problem in many parts of the world. Zinc oxide (ZnO) and other metal nanoparticles (NPs) are biologically active and also possess anti-biofilm properties. ZnO-NPs were prepared by the green synthesis method using orange peels. The vibrational peaks of the ZnO-NPs were analyzed using FTIR analysis, and their size and morphological properties were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The ability of the ZnO-NPs to reduce or eliminate P. aeruginosa biofilm alone or in combination with phages PB10 and PA19 was investigated. The P. aeruginosa cells were effectively killed in the preformed 48 h biofilms during a 24 h incubation with the ZnO-NP-phage combination, in comparison with the control or ZnO-NPs alone. The treatments on growing biofilms were most efficient in the final stages of biofilm development. All five treatment groups showed a significant biofilm reduction compared to the control group (p < 0.0001) at 48 h of incubation. The influence of the ZnO-NPs and phages on the quorum sensing system of P. aeruginosa was monitored by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) of the autoinducer biosynthesis gene lasI. While the ZnO-NPs repressed the lasI gene transcription, the phages slightly activated it at 24 and 48 h of incubation. Also, the effect of the ZnO-NPs and phage PA19 on the viability of HFF2 cells was investigated and the results showed that the combination of NPs with PA19 reduced the toxic effect of ZnO-NPs and also stimulated the growth in normal cells.","['D015034', 'D011550', 'D018441', 'D053768', 'D055772', 'D001435', 'D000900', 'D053758']"
38932150,First Characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii-Specific Filamentous Phages.,"Filamentous bacteriophages belonging to the order Tubulavirales, family Inoviridae, significantly affect the properties of Gram-negative bacteria, but filamentous phages of many important pathogens have not been described so far. The aim of this study was to examine A. baumannii filamentous phages for the first time and to determine their effect on bacterial virulence. The filamentous phages were detected in 15.3% of A. baumannii strains as individual prophages in the genome or as tandem repeats, and a slightly higher percentage was detected in the culture collection (23.8%). The phylogenetic analyses revealed 12 new genera within the Inoviridae family. Bacteriophages that were selected and isolated showed structural and genomic characteristics of the family and were unable to form plaques. Upon host infection, these phages did not significantly affect bacterial twitching motility and capsule production but significantly affected growth kinetics, reduced biofilm formation, and increased antibiotic sensitivity. One of the possible mechanisms of reduced resistance to antibiotics is the observed decreased expression of efflux pumps after infection with filamentous phages.","['D040981', 'D010802', 'D016679', 'D018441', 'D017912', 'D058507', 'D000900', 'D014774', 'D001435', 'D039002']"
38928443,"Upscaling and Risk Evaluation of the Synthesis of the 3,5-Diamino-1H-Pyrazole, Disperazol.","This paper presents the work performed to transition a lab-scale synthesis (1 g) to a large-scale (400 g) synthesis of the 3-5-diamino-1H-Pyrazole Disperazol, a new pharmaceutical for treatment of antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infections. The potentially hazardous diazotisation step in the lab-scale synthesis was transformed to a safe and easy-to-handle flow chemistry step. Additionally, the paper presents an OSHA-recommended safety assessment of active compound E, as performed by Fauske and Associates, LLC, Burr Ridge, IL, USA.","['D011720', 'D011550', 'D000900', 'D018441', 'D006801', 'D011552', 'D018570']"
38927102,Enhancing Selective Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Melittin through 6-Aminohexanoic Acid Substitution.,"Leucine residues are commonly found in the hydrophobic face of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and are crucial for membrane permeabilization, leading to the cell death of invading pathogens. Melittin, which contains four leucine residues, demonstrates broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties but also significant cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. To enhance the cell selectivity of melittin, this study synthesized five analogs by replacing leucine with its structural isomer, 6-aminohexanoic acid. Among these analogs, Mel-LX3 exhibited potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Importantly, Mel-LX3 displayed significantly reduced hemolytic and cytotoxic effects compared to melittin. Mechanistic studies, including membrane depolarization, SYTOX green uptake, FACScan analysis, and inner/outer membrane permeation assays, demonstrated that Mel-LX3 effectively permeabilized bacterial membranes similar to melittin. Notably, Mel-LX3 showed robust antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA). Furthermore, Mel-LX3 effectively inhibited biofilm formation and eradicated existing biofilms of MDRPA. With its improved selective antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities, Mel-LX3 emerges as a promising candidate for the development of novel antimicrobial agents. We propose that the substitution of leucine with 6-aminohexanoic acid in AMPs represents a significant strategy for combating resistant bacteria.","['D008555', 'D018441', 'D011550', 'D008826', 'D000900', 'D055624', 'D006801', 'D006461', 'D015119', 'D006090', 'D000818']"
38927023,Comprehensive Bio-Screening of Phytochemistry and Biological Capacity of Oregano (Origanum vulgare) and Salvia triloba Extracts against Oral Cariogenic and Food-Origin Pathogenic Bacteria.,"This study utilized phytochemical screening to conduct the qualitative analysis of plant extracts, aiming to identify various classes of secondary metabolites. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of different types of Oregano vulgare and Salvia triloba extracts was determined. To achieve the aim of this study, aqueous, ethanolic, and enzymatic extracts were prepared and screened for phytochemical capacity and antioxidant activities. The determination of the antibacterial activity included phenotypic screening of antibiotic susceptibility pattern of oral and food pathogenic bacterial strains, determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration-via microdilution broth test and in vitro valuation of antibacterial efficacies-of the anti-biofilm properties of the studied herbal extractions. Results: Our study evaluated the phytochemical composition and the antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-biofilm properties of O. vulgare and S. triloba extracts. The analyzed samples contained bioactive compounds, such as phenolics and flavonoids, contributing to the observed strong antioxidant effect. Furthermore, they exhibited notable activity against oral biofilm formation and demonstrated significant antibacterial efficacy against dental caries' microorganisms as well as food pathogens. Despite methodological variations, all extracts showed significant antioxidant capacity and promising antibacterial activity against various pathogens, including resistant strains, while also inhibiting biofilm formation. Although limited to two plant species and facing methodological constraints, this study lays the groundwork for future research, indicating the therapeutic potential of O. vulgare and S. triloba extracts. Further exploration is needed to report on underlying mechanisms and validate efficacy through clinical trials.","['D031341', 'D027544', 'D010936', 'D000900', 'D018441', 'D008826', 'D000975', 'D003731', 'D064209', 'D001419', 'D006801', 'D005516', 'D005419']"
38926818,Antibacterial activity and mechanisms of D-3263 against Staphylococcus aureus.,"Multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections necessitate novel antibiotic development. D-3263, a transient receptor potential melastatin member 8 (TRPM8) agonist, has potential antineoplastic properties. Here, we reported the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of D-3263. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against S. aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium were ≤ 50 µM. D-3263 exhibited bactericidal effects against clinical methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and E. faecalis strains at 4× MIC. Subinhibitory D-3263 concentrations effectively inhibited S. aureus and E. faecalis biofilms, with higher concentrations also clearing mature biofilms. Proteomic analysis revealed differential expression of 29 proteins under 1/2 × MIC D-3263, influencing amino acid biosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Additionally, D-3263 enhanced membrane permeability of S. aureus and E. faecalis. Bacterial membrane phospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and cardiolipin (CL) dose-dependently increased D-3263 MICs. Overall, our data suggested that D-3263 exhibited potent antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against S. aureus by targeting the cell membrane.","['D018441', 'D000900', 'D008826', 'D013211', 'D013293', 'D055624', 'D001426', 'D040901', 'D006801', 'D002462', 'D002463']"
38924372,Exploring plastic biofilm formation and Escherichia coli colonisation in marine environments.,"Microorganisms, including potential pathogens, can colonise plastic surfaces in aquatic environments. This study investigates the colonisation of plastic pellets by Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a proxy for faecal pathogens in aquatic environments. Plastic pellets from a polluted beach were placed in seawater aquaria spiked with E. coli. Diverse bacteria, primarily from the Proteobacteria phylum, rapidly colonised the pellets within 24 h, with notable species known for plastic or hydrocarbon degradation. Over 26 days, biofilms formed on the plastic surfaces, reaching bacterial populations of up to 6.8·105 gene copies (gc) of the 16S rRNA mm-2. E. coli, was detected in the pellets for up to 7 days using culture methods, exhibiting varying attachment densities regardless of source or environmental factors. The study highlights plastic biofilms as reservoirs for E. coli, contributing to the survival and persistence of faecal bacteria in aquatic systems. These findings deepen our understanding of the risks associated with plastic pollution in marine settings, offering insights into the behaviour of faecal indicators and their implications for water quality assessments, while providing valuable information on potential pathogen dissemination within plastic-associated microbial communities.","['D018441', 'D004926', 'D010969', 'D012623', 'D012336', 'D014871']"
38923398,Comparative analysis of enzymatic profiles and biofilm formation in clinical and environmental Candida kefyr isolates.,"The global landscape of Candida infections has seen a significant shift. Previously, Candida albicans was the predominant species. However, there has been an emergence of non-albicans Candida species, which are often less susceptible to antifungal treatment. Candida kefyr, in particular, has been increasingly associated with infections. This study aimed to investigate the profiles of enzymatic activity and biofilm formation in both clinical and non-clinical isolates of C. kefyr. A total of 66 C. kefyr isolates were analysed. The activities of proteinase and phospholipase were assessed using bovine serum albumin and egg yolk agar, respectively. Haemolysin, caseinolytic and esterase activities were evaluated using specific methods. Biofilm formation was investigated using crystal violet staining. The findings indicated that biofilm and proteinase activity were detected in 81.8% and 93.9% of all the isolates, respectively. Haemolysin activity was observed with the highest occurrence (95.5%) among normal microbiota isolates. Esterase activity was predominantly identified in dairy samples and was absent in hospital samples. Caseinase production was found with the highest occurrence (18.2%) in normal microbiota and hospital samples. Phospholipase activity was limited, found in only 3% of all the isolates. These findings reveal variations in enzyme activity between clinical and non-clinical C. kefyr isolates. This sheds light on their pathogenic potential and has implications for therapeutic strategies.","['D018441', 'D002175', 'D006801', 'D002177', 'D010740', 'D004950', 'D006460', 'D010447', 'D004783']"
38922407,Quercetin disrupts biofilm formation and attenuates virulence of Aeromonas hydrophila.,"Aeromonas hydrophila poses significant health and economic challenges in aquaculture owing to its pathogenicity and prevalence. Overuse of antibiotics has led to multidrug resistance and environmental pollution, necessitating alternative strategies. This study investigated the antibacterial and antibiofilm potentials of quercetin against A. hydrophila. Efficacy was assessed using various assays, including antibacterial activity, biofilm inhibition, specific growth time, hemolysis inhibition, autoaggregation, and microscopic evaluation. Additionally, docking analysis was performed to explore potential interactions between quercetin and virulence proteins of A. hydrophila, including proaerolysin, chaperone needle-subunit complex of the type III secretion system, and alpha-pore forming toxin (PDB ID: 1PRE, 2Q1K, 6GRK). Quercetin exhibited potent antibacterial activity with 21.1 ± 1.1 mm zone of inhibition at 1.5 mg mL-1. It also demonstrated significant antibiofilm activity, reducing biofilm formation by 46.3 ± 1.3% at the MIC and attenuating autoaggregation by 55.9 ± 1.5%. Hemolysis was inhibited by 41 ± 1.8%. Microscopic analysis revealed the disintegration of the A. hydrophila biofilm matrix. Docking studies indicated active hydrogen bond interactions between quercetin and the targeted virulence proteins with the binding energy -3.2, -5.6, and -5.1 kcal mol⁻1, respectively. These results suggest that quercetin is an excellent alternative to antibiotics for combating A. hydrophila infection in aquaculture. The multifaceted efficacy of quercetin in inhibiting bacterial growth, biofilm formation, virulence factors, and autoaggregation highlights the potential for aquaculture health and sustainability. Future research should delve into the precise mechanisms of action and explore synergistic combinations with other compounds for enhanced efficacy and targeted interventions.","['D018441', 'D016980', 'D011794', 'D000900', 'D062105', 'D014774', 'D008826', 'D006461', 'D001426', 'D037521', 'D000818']"
38920606,Microbial Biofilms: Features of Formation and Potential for Use in Bioelectrochemical Devices.,"Microbial biofilms present one of the most widespread forms of life on Earth. The formation of microbial communities on various surfaces presents a major challenge in a variety of fields, including medicine, the food industry, shipping, etc. At the same time, this process can also be used for the benefit of humans-in bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and various biotechnological processes. The main direction of using electroactive microbial biofilms is their incorporation into the composition of biosensor and biofuel cells This review examines the fundamental knowledge acquired about the structure and formation of biofilms, the properties they have when used in bioelectrochemical devices, and the characteristics of the formation of these structures on different surfaces. Special attention is given to the potential of applying the latest advances in genetic engineering in order to improve the performance of microbial biofilm-based devices and to regulate the processes that take place within them. Finally, we highlight possible ways of dealing with the drawbacks of using biofilms in the creation of highly efficient biosensors and biofuel cells.","['D018441', 'D015374', 'D001674']"
38919988,Computer simulation study of nutrient-driven bacterial biofilm stratification.,"Here, employing computer simulation tools, we present a study on the development of a bacterial biofilm from a single starter cell on a flat inert surface overlaid by an aqueous solution containing nutrients. In our simulations, surface colonization involves an initial stage of two-dimensional cell proliferation to eventually transition to three-dimensional growth leading to the formation of biofilm colonies with characteristic three-dimensional semi-ellipsoids shapes. Thus, we have introduced the influence of the nutrient concentration on bacterial growth, and calculated the cell growth rate as a function of nutrient uptake, which in turn depends on local nutrient concentration in the vicinity of each bacterial cell. Our results show that the combination of cell growth and nutrient uptake and diffusion leads to the formation of stratified colonies containing an inner core in which nutrients are depleted and cells cannot grow or divide, surrounded by an outer, shallow crust in which cells have access to nutrients from the bulk medium and continue growing. This phenomenon is more apparent at high uptake rates that enable fast nutrient depletion. Our simulations also predict that the shape and internal structure of the biofilm are largely conditioned by the balance between nutrient diffusion and uptake.","['D018441', 'D003198', 'D008954', 'D000078622', 'D018407', 'D001419']"
38919107,"Synthesis, antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of new 1,2,3,5-tetrazine derivatives from coupling reactions of diazonium salt of 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole with diverse substituted 2-aminobenzothiazole derivatives.","The coupling reaction of diazonium ion of 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole at 0-5 °C with distinctly substituted 2-aminobenzothiazole derivatives produced new 1,2,3,5-tetrazine derivatives. It was found that diazotized 2-amino-6-nitrobenzo[d]thiazol reacts with the ring nitrogen atom of varyingly substituted 2-aminobenzothiazole derivatives to yield tetrazine nucleus. The benzene ring of benzothiazole bearing electron donor group and annelated to the tetrazine was further substituted in situ by other 6-nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl) diazinyl to yield the final product. The structure of the prepared compounds was elucidated using their physical, elemental, and spectroscopic data. The synthesized compounds were tested for their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Two of the synthesis tetrazine derivatives exhibited interesting antibiofilm potential.","['D018441', 'D000900', 'D008826', 'D013211', 'D004926', 'D052160', 'D003979']"
38917514,Corrosive Pseudomonas aeruginosa detection by measuring pyocyanin with a lab-on-fiber optical surface plasmon resonance biosensor in aquatic environments.,"Oceanic facilities and equipment corrosion present considerable economic and safety concerns, predominantly due to microbial corrosion. Early detection of corrosive microbes is pivotal for effective monitoring and prevention. Yet, traditional detection methods often lack specificity, require extensive processing time, and yield inaccurate results. Hence, the need for an efficient real-time corrosive microbe monitoring technology is evident. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a widely distributed microorganism in aquatic environments, utilizes its production of quinone-like compounds, specifically pyocyanin (PYO), to corrode metals. Here, we report a novel fiber optic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor modified by the C-terminal of BrlR protein (BrlR-C), which is a specific receptor of PYO molecule, to detect P. aeruginosa in aquatic environments. The results showed that the sensor had a good ability to recognize PYO in the concentration range of 0-1 μg/mL, and showed excellent sensing performance in real-time monitoring the growth status of P. aeruginosa. With a strong selectivity of PYO, the sensor could clearly detect P. aeruginosa against other bacteria in seawater environment, and exhibited excellent anti-interference ability against variations in pH, temperature and pressure and other interfering substances. This study provides a useful tool for monitoring corrosive P. aeruginosa biofilm in aquatic environments, which is a first of its kind example that serves as a laboratory model for the application of fiber optic technology in real-world scenarios to monitoring biofilms in microbial corrosion and biofouling.","['D011550', 'D020349', 'D011710', 'D015374', 'D018441', 'D005336', 'D003343', 'D055100', 'D012623', 'D004867']"
38916392,Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Capsule Proteins in Aminoglycoside-Resistant and Sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates: Unraveling Potential Drug Targets.,"Tuberculosis (TB), a global infectious threat, has seen a concerning rise in aminoglycoside-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) strains. The potential role of capsule proteins remains largely unexplored. This layer acts as the primary barrier for tubercle bacilli, attempting to infiltrate host cells and subsequent disease development.","['D009169', 'D006801', 'D040901', 'D001426', 'D000617', 'D024881', 'D016667', 'D000995', 'D008826', 'D019295', 'D015180', 'D014376']"
38914744,Increased biofilm formation in dual-strain compared to single-strain communities of Cutibacterium acnes.,"Cutibacterium acnes is a known opportunistic pathogen in orthopedic implant-associated infections (OIAIs). The species of C. acnes comprises distinct phylotypes. Previous studies suggested that C. acnes can cause single- as well as multi-typic infections, i.e. infections caused by multiple strains of different phylotypes. However, it is not known if different C. acnes phylotypes are organized in a complex biofilm community, which could constitute a multicellular strategy to increase biofilm strength and persistency. Here, the interactions of two C. acnes strains belonging to phylotypes IB and II were determined in co-culture experiments. No adverse interactions between the strains were observed in liquid culture or on agar plates; instead, biofilm formation in both microtiter plates and on titanium discs was significantly increased when combining both strains. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that both strains co-occurred throughout the biofilm. Transcriptome analyses revealed strain-specific alterations of gene expression in biofilm-embedded cells compared to planktonic growth, in particular affecting genes involved in carbon and amino acid metabolism. Overall, our results provide first insights into the nature of dual-type biofilms of C. acnes, suggesting that strains belonging to different phylotypes can form biofilms together with additive effects. The findings might influence the perception of C. acnes OIAIs in terms of diagnosis and treatment.","['D018441', 'D011423', 'D006801', 'D018920', 'D015964', 'D020869', 'D017404']"
38913239,Citral and triclosan synergistically silence quorum sensing and potentiate antivirulence response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.,"Among the ESKAPE pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an extensively notorious superbug that causes difficult-to-treat infections. Since quorum sensing (QS) directly promotes pseudomonal virulence, targeting QS circuits is a promising approach for disarming phenotypic virulence. Hence, this study scrutinizes the anti-QS, antivirulence, and anti-biofilm potential of citral (CiT; phytochemical) and triclosan (TcN; disinfectant), alone and in combination, against P. aeruginosa PAO1/PA14. The findings confirmed synergism between CiT and TcN and revealed their quorum quenching (QQ) potential. At sub-inhibitory levels, CiT-TcN combination significantly impeded pyocyanin, total bacterial protease, hemolysin, and pyochelin production alongside inhibiting biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa. Moreover, the QQ and antivirulence potential of CiT and TcN was positively correlated by molecular docking studies that predicted strong associations of the drugs with QS receptors of P. aeruginosa. Collectively, the study identifies CiT-TcN as an effective drug combination that harbors QQ, antivirulence, and anti-biofilm prospects against P. aeruginosa.","['D011550', 'D053038', 'D014260', 'D018441', 'D000080462', 'D004357', 'D062105', 'D000900', 'D014774', 'D001426', 'D011710']"
38912207,Utilization of the Shensheng-Piwen changed medicinal powder extracts combines metal-organic frameworks as an antibacterial agent.,"Widespread opportunistic pathogens pose a serious threat to global health, particularly in susceptible hospital populations. The escalating crisis of antibiotic resistance highlights the urgent need for novel antibacterial agents and alternative treatment approaches. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and its compounds have deep roots in the treatment of infectious diseases. It has a variety of active ingredients and multi-target properties, opening up new avenues for the discovery and development of antimicrobial drugs.","['D000900', 'D018441', 'D008826', 'D000073396', 'D004365', 'D013211', 'D004357', 'D011208', 'D006801', 'D002853']"
38910195,"Efficacy of Zoliflodacin, a Spiropyrimidinetrione Antibiotic, Against Gram-Negative Pathogens.","Zoliflodacin is a spiropyrimidinetrione antibiotic that acts by binding to the GyrB part of the DNA gyrase enzyme in bacteria. Its effectiveness for the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections has been investigated extensively. Since antibiotic resistance has been reached an alarming rate worldwide, researches on new antimicrobials are considered a priority, especially in the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, such as Klebsiella pneumonia. The aim of this study is to test and compare the effectiveness of zoliflodacin with some traditional antibiotics which are frequently preferred in the treatment of Gram-negative pathogens, primarily K. pneumonia. Additionally, its ability to prevent biofilm formation has also been determined. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of zoliflodacin along with levofloxacin, meropenem, gentamicin, ampicillin/sulbactam and ceftazidime/avibactam were evaluated by broth microdilution method against 15 Gram-negative clinical isolates and three standard strains. Also, the synergism potential of zoliflodacin with other antibiotics was evaluated by the checkerboard method against standard strains of K. pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. In addition, the inhibitory effects of zoliflodacin on biofilm formation of standard strains were determined. Zoliflodacin MICs were found to be in the range of 2-64 µg/mL, and its combination with meropenem and ampicillin/sulbactam was found to be synergistic, especially against A. baumannii. Zoliflodacin significantly inhibited A. baumannii biofilm at sub-MIC values. These results indicated that zoliflodacin can be considered as an alternative against infections of Gram-negative pathogens, alone or in combination.","['D000900', 'D008826', 'D006090', 'D018441', 'D006801', 'D004357', 'D023303', 'D007711', 'D016905', 'D001463', 'D007555', 'D009025', 'D013141']"
38909197,Screening of Candida spp. in wastewater in Brazil during COVID-19 pandemic: workflow for monitoring fungal pathogens.,"Fungal diseases are often linked to poverty, which is associated with poor hygiene and sanitation conditions that have been severely worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, COVID-19 patients are treated with Dexamethasone, a corticosteroid that promotes an immunosuppressive profile, making patients more susceptible to opportunistic fungal infections, such as those caused by Candida species. In this study, we analyzed the prevalence of Candida yeasts in wastewater samples collected to track viral genetic material during the COVID-19 pandemic and identified the yeasts using polyphasic taxonomy. Furthermore, we investigated the production of biofilm and hydrolytic enzymes, which are known virulence factors. Our findings revealed that all Candida species could form biofilms and exhibited moderate hydrolytic enzyme activity. We also proposed a workflow for monitoring wastewater using Colony PCR instead of conventional PCR, as this technique is fast, cost-effective, and reliable. This approach enhances the accurate taxonomic identification of yeasts in environmental samples, contributing to environmental monitoring as part of the One Health approach, which preconizes the monitoring of possible emergent pathogenic microorganisms, including fungi.","['D062065', 'D001938', 'D002175', 'D000086382', 'D006801', 'D057188', 'D000086402', 'D018441', 'D004784', 'D058873']"
38909125,"Bacteriophage ISP eliminates Staphylococcus aureus in planktonic phase, but not in the various stages of the biofilm cycle.","Metal-implant associated bacterial infections are a major clinical problem due to antibiotic treatment failure. As an alternative, we determined the effects of bacteriophage ISP on clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in various stages of its life cycle in relation to biofilm formation and maturation. ISP effectively eliminated all planktonic phase bacteria, whereas its efficacy was reduced against bacteria attached to the metal implant and bacteria embedded within biofilms. The biofilm architecture hampered the bactericidal effects of ISP, as mechanical disruption of biofilms improved the efficacy of ISP against the bacteria. Phages penetrated the biofilm and interacted with the bacteria throughout the biofilm. However, most of the biofilm-embedded bacteria were phage-tolerant. In agreement, bacteria dispersed from mature biofilms of all clinical isolates, except for LUH15394, tolerated the lytic activity of ISP. Lastly, persisters within mature biofilms tolerated ISP and proliferated in its presence. Based on these findings, we conclude that ISP eliminates planktonic phase Staphylococcus aureus while its efficacy is limited against bacteria attached to the metal implant, embedded within (persister-enriched) biofilms, and dispersed from biofilms.","['D018441', 'D013211', 'D013204', 'D010933', 'D013203', 'D006801', 'D001435']"
38907796,IcmF2 of the type VI secretion system 2 plays a role in biofilm formation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.,"Vibrio parahaemolyticus possesses two distinct type VI secretion systems (T6SS), namely T6SS1 and T6SS2. T6SS1 is predominantly responsible for adhesion to Caco-2 and HeLa cells and for the antibacterial activity of V. parahaemolyticus, while T6SS2 mainly contributes to HeLa cell adhesion. However, it remains unclear whether the T6SS systems have other physiological roles in V. parahaemolyticus. In this study, we demonstrated that the deletion of icmF2, a structural gene of T6SS2, reduced the biofilm formation capacity of V. parahaemolyticus under low salt conditions, which was also influenced by the incubation time. Nonetheless, the deletion of icmF2 did not affect the biofilm formation capacity in marine-like growth conditions, nor did it impact the flagella-driven swimming and swarming motility of V. parahaemolyticus. IcmF2 was found to promote the production of the main components of the biofilm matrix, including extracellular DNA (eDNA) and extracellular proteins, and cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) in V. parahaemolyticus. Additionally, IcmF2 positively influenced the transcription of cpsA, mfpA, and several genes involved in c-di-GMP metabolism, including scrJ, scrL, vopY, tpdA, gefA, and scrG. Conversely, the transcription of scrA was negatively impacted by IcmF2. Therefore, IcmF2-dependent biofilm formation was mediated through its effects on the production of eDNA, extracellular proteins, and c-di-GMP, as well as its impact on the transcription of cpsA, mfpA, and genes associated with c-di-GMP metabolism. This study confirmed new physiological roles for IcmF2 in promoting biofilm formation and c-di-GMP production in V. parahaemolyticus.","['D014736', 'D018441', 'D000069376', 'D001426', 'D006152', 'D006801', 'D015964', 'D006367']"
38907459,Electrical signaling in three-dimensional bacterial biofilms using an agent-based fire-diffuse-fire model.,"Agent-based models were used to describe electrical signaling in bacterial biofilms in three dimensions. Specifically, wavefronts of potassium ions in Escherichia coli biofilms subjected to stress from blue light were modeled from experimental data. Electrical signaling occurs only when the biofilms grow beyond a threshold size, which we have shown to vary with the K^{+} ion diffusivity, and the K^{+} ion threshold concentration, which triggered firing in the fire-diffuse-fire model. The transport of the propagating wavefronts shows superdiffusive scaling on time. K^{+} ion diffusivity is the main factor that affects the wavefront velocity. The K^{+} ion diffusivity and the firing threshold also affect the anomalous exponent for the propagation of the wavefront determining whether the wavefront is subdiffusive or superdiffusive. The geometry of the biofilm and its relation to the mean-square displacement (MSD) of the wavefront as a function of time was investigated for spherical, cylindrical, cubical, and mushroom-like structures. The MSD varied significantly with geometry; an additional regime to the kinetics occurred when the potassium wavefront leaves the biofilm. Adding cylindrical defects to the biofilm, which are known to occur in E. coli biofilms, also gave an extra kinetic regime to the wavefront MSD for the propagation through the defect.","['D018441', 'D004926', 'D008954', 'D011188', 'D004058', 'D055724']"
38907185,Piperine-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles target biofilms and induce oral cancer apoptosis via BCl-2/BAX/P53 pathway.,"Dental pathogens play a crucial role in oral health issues, including tooth decay, gum disease, and oral infections, and recent research suggests a link between these pathogens and oral cancer initiation and progression. Innovative therapeutic approaches are needed due to antibiotic resistance concerns and treatment limitations.","['D015034', 'D006801', 'D010880', 'D017209', 'D000470', 'D052117', 'D009062', 'D051028', 'D019253', 'D016159', 'D018441', 'D053284', 'D053758', 'D000975', 'D008826', 'D053768', 'D000970', 'D008855', 'D014961', 'D045744', 'D007624']"
38904740,"In vitro antimicrobial, antibiofilm photodynamic activity, and molecular dynamic simulations of tetra-cationic porphyrinmembrane interactions against foodborne microorganisms.","This manuscript presents a new report on the in vitro antimicrobial photo-inactivation of foodborne microorganisms (Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes) using tetra-cationic porphyrins. Isomeric tetra-cationic porphyrins (3MeTPyP, 4MeTPyP, 3PtTPyP, and 4PtTPyP) were tested, and antimicrobial activity assays were performed at specific photosensitizer concentrations under dark and white-light LED irradiation conditions. Among the tested bacterial strains, 4MeTPyP exhibited the highest efficiency, inhibiting bacterial growth within just 60 min at low concentrations (17.5 μM). The minimal inhibitory concentration of 4MeTPyP increased when reactive oxygen species scavengers were present, indicating the significant involvement of singlet oxygen species in the photooxidation mechanism. Furthermore, the checkerboard assay testing the association of 4MeTPyP showed an indifferent effect. Atomic force microscopy analyses and dynamic simulations were conducted to enhance our understanding of the interaction between this porphyrin and the strain's membrane.","['D011166', 'D017319', 'D056004', 'D018441', 'D008826', 'D008089', 'D005516', 'D000900', 'D018625', 'D017382', 'D008027', 'D026082']"
38903941,"Antifungal, anti-biofilm, and anti-hyphal properties of N-substituted phthalimide derivatives against Candida species.","Candida species comprise a ubiquitous pathogenic fungal genus responsible for causing candidiasis. They are one of the primary causatives of several mucosal and systemic infections in humans and can survive in various environments. In this study, we investigated the antifungal, anti-biofilm, and anti-hyphal effects of six N-substituted phthalimides against three Candida species. Of the derivatives, N-butylphthalimide (NBP) was the most potent, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 100 µg/ml and which dose-dependently inhibited biofilm at sub-inhibitory concentrations (10-50 µg/ml) in both the fluconazole-resistant and fluconazole-sensitive Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. NBP also effectively inhibited biofilm formation in other pathogens including uropathogenic Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, along with the polymicrobial biofilms of S. epidermidis and C. albicans. NBP markedly inhibited the hyphal formation and cell aggregation of C. albicans and altered its colony morphology in a dose-dependent manner. Gene expression analysis showed that NBP significantly downregulated the expression of important hyphal- and biofilm-associated genes, i.e., ECE1, HWP1, and UME6, upon treatment. NBP also exhibited mild toxicity at concentrations ranging from 2 to 20 µg/ml in a nematode model. Therefore, this study suggests that NBP has anti-biofilm and antifungal potential against various Candida strains.","['D018441', 'D000935', 'D010797', 'D008826', 'D002176', 'D025301', 'D002175', 'D002177', 'D000818', 'D006801', 'D000074429', 'D005656', 'D015725']"
38903940,A novel pathogenic species of genus Stenotrophomonas: Stenotrophomonas pigmentata sp. nov.,"Stenotrophomonas is a prominent genus owing to its dual nature. Species of this genus have many applications in industry and agriculture as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and microbial biological control agents, whereas species such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are considered one of the leading gram-negative multi-drug-resistant bacterial pathogens because of their high contribution to the increase in crude mortality and significant clinical challenge. Pathogenic Stenotrophomonas species and most clinical isolates belong to the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia complex (SMc). However, a strain highly homologous to S. terrae was isolated from a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), which aroused our interest, as S. terrae belongs to a relatively distant clade from SMc and there have been no human association reports.","['D020588', 'D000818', 'D010802', 'D016905', 'D018441', 'D051379', 'D037521', 'D012336', 'D006801', 'D004269', 'D017422', 'D004195', 'D006461', 'D015373']"
38903938,Beyond the double helix: the multifaceted landscape of extracellular DNA in Staphylococcus aureus biofilms.,"Staphylococcus aureus forms biofilms consisting of cells embedded in a matrix made of proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and extracellular DNA (eDNA). Biofilm-associated infections are difficult to treat and can promote antibiotic resistance, resulting in negative healthcare outcomes. eDNA within the matrix contributes to the stability, growth, and immune-evasive properties of S. aureus biofilms. eDNA is released by autolysis, which is mediated by murein hydrolases that access the cell wall via membrane pores formed by holin-like proteins. The eDNA content of S. aureus biofilms varies among individual strains and is influenced by environmental conditions, including the presence of antibiotics. eDNA plays an important role in biofilm development and structure by acting as an electrostatic net that facilitates protein-cell and cell-cell interactions. Because of eDNA's structural importance in biofilms and its ubiquitous presence among S. aureus isolates, it is a potential target for therapeutics. Treatment of biofilms with DNase can eradicate or drastically reduce them in size. Additionally, antibodies that target DNABII proteins, which bind to and stabilize eDNA, can also disperse biofilms. This review discusses the recent literature on the release, structure, and function of eDNA in S. aureus biofilms, in addition to a discussion of potential avenues for targeting eDNA for biofilm eradication.","['D018441', 'D013211', 'D004269', 'D013203', 'D006801', 'D001426', 'D000900']"
38903886,Potential therapeutic agents of Bombyx mori silk cocoon extracts from agricultural product for inhibition of skin pathogenic bacteria and free radicals.,"Pathogenic bacteria are the cause of most skin diseases, but issues such as resistance and environmental degradation drive the need to research alternative treatments. It is reported that silk cocoon extract possesses antioxidant properties. During silk processing, the degumming of silk cocoons creates a byproduct that contains natural active substances. These substances were found to have inhibitory effects on bacterial growth, DNA synthesis, the pathogenesis of hemolysis, and biofilm formation. Thus, silk cocoon extracts can be used in therapeutic applications for the prevention and treatment of skin pathogenic bacterial infections.","['D000818', 'D012831', 'D000975', 'D047011', 'D000900', 'D018441', 'D011679', 'D005609', 'D008826', 'D006461']"
38903883,A comparison of the performance of bacterial biofilters and fungal-bacterial coupled biofilters in BTEp-X removal.,"Conventional biofilters, which rely on bacterial activity, face challenges in eliminating hydrophobic compounds, such as aromatic compounds. This is due to the low solubility of these compounds in water, which makes them difficult to absorb by bacterial biofilms. Furthermore, biofilter operational stability is often hampered by acidification and drying out of the filter bed.","['D014992', 'D005374', 'D005658', 'D001555', 'D019149', 'D001419', 'D001673', 'D014050', 'D001554', 'D002681', 'D018441']"
38902342,Performance evaluation of a new sponge-based moving bed biofilm reactor for the removal of pharmaceutical pollutants from real wastewater.,"Pharmaceutical pollutants, a group of emerging contaminants, have attracted outstanding attention in recent years, and their removal from aquatic environments has been addressed. In the current study, a new sponge-based moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was developed to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the pharmaceutical compound Ibuprofen (IBU). A 30-L pilot scale MBBR was constructed, which was continuously fed from the effluent of the first clarifier of the Southern Tehran wastewater treatment plant. The controlled operational parameters were pH in the natural range, Dissolved Oxygen of 1.5-2 mg/L, average suspended mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) of 1.68 ± 0.1 g/L and 1.48 ± 0.1 g/L, respectively. The effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) (5 h, 10 h, 15 h), filling ratio (10%, 20%, 30%), and initial IBU concentration (2 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L) on removal efficiencies was assessed. The findings of this study revealed a COD removal efficiency ranging from 48.9 to 96.7%, with the best removal efficiency observed at an HRT of 10 h, a filling ratio of 20%, and an initial IBU concentration of 2 mg/L. Simultaneously, the IBU removal rate ranged from 25 to 92.7%, with the highest removal efficiency observed under the same HRT and filling ratio, albeit with an initial IBU concentration of 5 mg/L. An extension of HRT from 5 to 10 h significantly improved both COD and IBU removal. However, further extension from 10 to 15 h slightly enhanced the removal efficiency of COD and IBU, and even in some cases, removal efficiency decreased. Based on the obtained results, 20% of the filling ratio was chosen as the optimum state. Increasing the initial concentration of IBU from 2 to 5 mg/L generally improved COD and IBU removal, whereas an increase from 5 to 10 mg/L caused a decline in COD and IBU removal. This study also optimized the reactor's efficiency for COD and IBU removal by using response surface methodology (RSM) with independent variables of HRT, filling ratio, and initial IBU concentration. In this regard, the quadratic model was found to be significant. Utilizing the central composite design (CCD), the optimal operating parameters at an HRT of 10 h, a filling ratio of 21%, and an initial IBU concentration of 3 mg/L were pinpointed, achieving the highest COD and IBU removal efficiencies. The present study demonstrated that sponge-based MBBR stands out as a promising technology for COD and IBU removal.","['D019149', 'D062065', 'D014874', 'D018441', 'D057919', 'D007052', 'D018508', 'D014865', 'D000818']"
38902286,The effect of mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium incorporated within chitosan nanostructure in clearance of common gastroenteritis bacteria in-vitro and in-vivo.,"Gastroenteritis infection is a major public health concern worldwide, especially in developing countries due to the high annual mortality rate. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of human mesenchymal stem cell-derived conditioned medium (hMSCsCM) encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (ChNPs) was studied in vitro and in vivo against common gastroenteritis bacteria. The synthesized ChNPs were characterized using Zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. HMSC-derived conditioned medium incorporated into chitosan NPs (hMSCsCM-ChNPs) composite was fabricated by chitosan nanoparticles loaded with BM-MSCs (positive for CD73 and CD44 markers). The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of composite was investigated against four common gastroenteritis bacteria (Campylobacter jejuni ATCC29428, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC13076, Shigella dysenteriae PTCC1188, and E. coli ATCC25922) in-vitro and in-vivo. Majority of ChNPs (96%) had an average particle size of 329 nm with zeta potential 7.08 mV. The SEM images confirmed the synthesis of spherical shape for ChNPs and a near-spherical shape for hMSCsCM-ChNPs. Entrapment efficiency of hMSCsCM-ChNPs was 75%. Kinetic profiling revealed that the release rate of mesenchymal stem cells was reduced following the pH reduction. The antibacterial activity of hMSCsCM-ChNPs was significantly greater than that of hMSCsCM and ChNPs at dilutions of 1:2 to 1:8 (P < 0.05) against four common gastroenteritis bacteria. The number of bacteria present decreased more significantly in the group of mice treated with the hMSCsCM-ChNPs composite than in the groups treated with hMSCsCM and ChNPs. The antibacterial activity of hMSCsCM against common gastroenteritis bacteria in an in vivo assay decreased from > 106 CFU/ml to approximately (102 to 10) after 72 h. Both in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of ChNPs at a concentration of 0.1% and hMSCsCM at a concentration of 1000 μg/ml to be inferior to that of hMSCsCM-ChNPs (1000 μg/ml + 0.1%) composite. These results indicated the existence of a synergistic effect between ChNPs and hMSCsCM. The designed composite exhibited notable antibiofilm and antibacterial activities, demonstrating optimal release in simulated intestinal lumen conditions. The utilization of this composite is proposed as a novel treatment approach to combat gastroenteritis bacteria in the context of more challenging infections.","['D059630', 'D048271', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D017077', 'D051379', 'D000900', 'D005759', 'D008826', 'D053758', 'D016123', 'D012477', 'D018441', 'D004926', 'D012762', 'D049329', 'D010316']"
38902226,Bacterial c-di-GMP triggers metamorphosis of mussel larvae through a STING receptor.,"Bacteria induced metamorphosis observed in nearly all marine invertebrates. However, the mechanism of bacteria regulating the larvae-juvenile metamorphosis remains unknown. Here, we test the hypothesis that c-di-GMP, a ubiquitous bacterial second-messenger molecule, directly triggers the mollusc Mytilus coruscus larval metamorphosis via the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) receptor. We determined that the deletion of c-di-GMP synthesis genes resulted in reduced c-di-GMP levels and biofilm-inducing activity on larval metamorphosis, accompanied by alterations in extracellular polymeric substances. Additionally, c-di-GMP extracted from tested varying marine bacteria all exhibited inducing activity on larval metamorphosis. Simultaneously, through pharmacological and molecular experiments, we demonstrated that M. coruscus STING (McSTING) participates in larval metamorphosis by binding with c-di-GMP. Our findings reveal that new role of bacterial c-di-GMP that triggers mussel larval metamorphosis transition, and extend knowledge in the interaction of bacteria and host development in marine ecosystems.","['D000818', 'D008675', 'D007814', 'D006152', 'D018441', 'D049878', 'D001419', 'D008565']"
38901063,"Molybdenum disulfide nanosheets based non-oxygen-dependent and heat-initiated free radical nanogenerator with antimicrobial peptides for antimicrobial, biofilm ablation and wound healing.","Chronic refractory wounds caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial and biofilm infections are a substantial threat to human health, which presents a persistent challenge in managing clinical wound care. We here synthesized a composite nanosheet AIPH/AMP/MoS2, which can potentially be used for combined therapy because of the photothermal effect induced by MoS2, its ability to deliver antimicrobial peptides, and its ability to generate alkyl free radicals independent of oxygen. The synthesized nanosheets exhibited 61 % near-infrared (NIR) photothermal conversion efficiency, marked photothermal stability and free radical generating ability. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the composite nanosheets against MDR Escherichia coli (MDR E. coli) and MDR Staphylococcus aureus (MDR S. aureus) were approximately 38 μg/mL and 30 μg/mL, respectively. The composite nanosheets (150 μg/mL) effectively ablated >85 % of the bacterial biofilm under 808-nm NIR irradiation for 6 min. In the wound model experiment, approximately 90 % of the wound healed after the 4-day treatment with the composite nanosheets. The hemolysis experiment, mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEFs) cytotoxicity experiment, and mouse wound healing experiment all unveiled the excellent biocompatibility of the composite nanosheets. According to the transcriptome analysis, the composite nanosheets primarily exerted a synergistic therapeutic effect by disrupting the cellular membrane function of S. aureus and inhibiting quorum sensing mediated by the two-component system. Thus, the synthesized composite nanosheets exhibit remarkable antibacterial and biofilm ablation properties and therefore can be used to improve wound healing in chronic biofilm infections.","['D018441', 'D014945', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D004220', 'D008982', 'D004926', 'D013211', 'D000089882', 'D005609', 'D049329', 'D008826', 'D000900', 'D006358', 'D006801', 'D000890']"
38899733,Hunting for pigments in bacterial settlers of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.,"The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, a significant collection of plastic introduced by human activities, provides an ideal environment to study bacterial lifestyles on plastic substrates. We proposed that bacteria colonizing the floating plastic debris would develop strategies to deal with the ultraviolet-exposed substrate, such as the production of antioxidant pigments. We observed a variety of pigmentation in 67 strains that were directly cultivated from plastic pieces sampled from the Garbage Patch. The genomic analysis of four representative strains, each distinct in taxonomy, revealed multiple pathways for carotenoid production. These pathways include those that produce less common carotenoids and a cluster of photosynthetic genes. This cluster appears to originate from a potentially new species of the Rhodobacteraceae family. This represents the first report of an aerobic anoxygenic photoheterotrophic bacterium from plastic biofilms. Spectral analysis showed that the bacteria actively produce carotenoids, such as beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin, and bacteriochlorophyll a. Furthermore, we discovered that the genetic ability to synthesize carotenoids is more common in plastic biofilms than in the surrounding water communities. Our findings suggest that plastic biofilms could be an overlooked source of bacteria-produced carotenoids, including rare forms. It also suggests that photoreactive molecules might play a crucial role in bacterial biofilm communities in surface water.","['D002338', 'D018441', 'D010860', 'D010969', 'D041902', 'D010802', 'D001419', 'D010140']"
38899542,Regulation of biofilm gene expression by DNA replication in Bacillus subtilis.,"Bacillus subtilis relies on biofilms for survival in harsh environments. Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) is a crucial component of biofilms, yet the dynamics of EPS production in single cells remain elusive. To unveil the modulation of EPS synthesis, we built a minimal network model comprising the SinI-SinR-SlrR module, Spo0A, and EPS. Stochastic simulations revealed that antagonistic interplay between SinI and SinR enables EPS production in bursts. SlrR widens these bursts and increases their frequency by stabilizing SinR-SlrR complexes and depleting free SinR. DNA replication and chromosomal positioning of key genes dictate pulsatile changes in the slrR:sinR gene dosage ratio (gr) and Spo0A-P levels, each promoting EPS production in distinct phases of the cell cycle. As the cell cycle lengthens with nutrient stress, the duty cycle of gr pulsing decreases, whereas the amplitude of Spo0A-P pulses elevates. This coordinated response facilitates keeping a constant proportion of EPS-secreting cells within colonies across diverse nutrient conditions. Our results suggest that bacteria may 'encode' eps expression through strategic chromosomal organization. This work illuminates how stochastic protein interactions, gene copy number imbalance, and cell-cycle dynamics orchestrate EPS synthesis, offering a deeper understanding of biofilm formation.","['D018441', 'D001412', 'D004261', 'D015964', 'D001426', 'D000077317', 'D002453']"
38898809,Ser/Thr protein kinase Stk1 phosphorylates the key transcriptional regulator AlgR to modulate virulence and resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.,"Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections worldwide and has emerged as a serious public health threat, due in large part to its multiple virulence factors and remarkable resistance capabilities. Stk1, a eukaryotic-type Ser/Thr protein kinase, has been shown in our previous work to be involved in the regulation of several signalling pathways and biological processes. Here, we demonstrate that deletion of stk1 leads to alterations in several virulence- and resistance-related physiological functions, including reduced pyocyanin and pyoverdine production, attenuated twitching motility, and enhanced biofilm production, extracellular polysaccharide secretion, and antibiotic resistance. Moreover, we identified AlgR, an important transcriptional regulator, as a substrate for Stk1, with its phosphorylation at the Ser143 site catalysed by Stk1. Intriguingly, both the deletion of stk1 and the mutation of Ser143 of AlgR to Ala result in similar changes in the above-mentioned physiological functions. Furthermore, assays of algR expression in these strains suggest that changes in the phosphorylation state of AlgR, rather than its expression level, underlie changes in these physiological functions. These findings uncover Stk1-mediated phosphorylation of AlgR as an important mechanism for regulating virulence and resistance in P. aeruginosa.","['D011550', 'D010766', 'D001426', 'D014774', 'D017346', 'D015964', 'D037521', 'D018441', 'D014157', 'D024881', 'D011552', 'D015534']"
38898470,Potential of microbial-derived biosurfactants for oral applications-a systematic review.,Biosurfactants are amphiphilic compounds produced by various microorganisms. Current research evaluates diverse types of biosurfactants against a range of oral pathogens.,"['D013501', 'D006801', 'D000890', 'D018441', 'D009055', 'D009067', 'D014100']"
38898117,"Anti-adhesive, anti-biofilm and fungicidal action of newly synthesized gemini quaternary ammonium salts.","Newly synthesized gemini quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) with different counterions (bromide, hydrogen chloride, methylcarbonate, acetate, lactate), chain lengths (C12, C14, C16) and methylene linker (3xCH2) were tested. Dihydrochlorides and dibromides with 12 carbon atoms in hydrophobic chains were characterized by the highest biological activity against planktonic forms of yeast and yeast-like fungi. The tested gemini surfactants also inhibited the production of filaments by C. albicans. Moreover, they reduced the adhesion of C. albicans cells to the surfaces of stainless steel, silicone and glass, and slightly to polystyrene. In particular, the gemini compounds with 16-carbon alkyl chains were most effective against biofilms. It was also found that the tested surfactants were not cytotoxic to yeast cells. Moreover, dimethylcarbonate (2xC12MeCO3G3) did not cause hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes. Dihydrochlorides, dilactate and diacetate showed no mutagenic potential.","['D018441', 'D000644', 'D000935', 'D002176', 'D000818', 'D012756', 'D013501', 'D006461', 'D004912', 'D008826', 'D002448', 'D013193']"
38898034,Single missense mutations in Vi capsule synthesis genes confer hypervirulence to Salmonella Typhi.,"Many bacterial pathogens, including the human exclusive pathogen Salmonella Typhi, express capsular polysaccharides as a crucial virulence factor. Here, through S. Typhi whole genome sequence analyses and functional studies, we found a list of single point mutations that make S. Typhi hypervirulent. We discovered a single point mutation in the Vi biosynthesis enzymes that control Vi polymerization or acetylation is enough to result in different capsule variants of S. Typhi. All variant strains are pathogenic, but the hyper Vi capsule variants are particularly hypervirulent, as demonstrated by the high morbidity and mortality rates observed in infected mice. The hypo Vi capsule variants have primarily been identified in Africa, whereas the hyper Vi capsule variants are distributed worldwide. Collectively, these studies increase awareness about the existence of different capsule variants of S. Typhi, establish a solid foundation for numerous future studies on S. Typhi capsule variants, and offer valuable insights into strategies to combat capsulated bacteria.","['D012485', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D014774', 'D011135', 'D020125', 'D016667', 'D014435', 'D006801', 'D001426', 'D037521', 'D005260', 'D000073336']"
38896467,"Expansion of pneumococcal serotype 23F and 14 lineages with genotypic changes in capsule polysaccharide locus and virulence gene profiles post introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Blantyre, Malawi.","Since the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in Malawi in 2011, there has been persistent carriage of vaccine serotype (VT) Streptococcus pneumoniae, despite high vaccine coverage. To determine if there has been a genetic change within the VT capsule polysaccharide (cps) loci since the vaccine's introduction, we compared 1022 whole-genome-sequenced VT isolates from 1998 to 2019. We identified the clonal expansion of a multidrug-resistant, penicillin non-susceptible serotype 23F GPSC14-ST2059 lineage, a serotype 14 GPSC9-ST782 lineage and a novel serotype 14 sequence type GPSC9-ST18728 lineage. Serotype 23F GPSC14-ST2059 had an I253T mutation within the capsule oligosaccharide repeat unit polymerase Wzy protein, which is predicted in silico to alter the protein pocket cavity. Moreover, serotype 23F GPSC14-ST2059 had SNPs in the DNA binding sites for the cps transcriptional repressors CspR and SpxR. Serotype 14 GPSC9-ST782 harbours a non-truncated version of the large repetitive protein (Lrp), containing a Cna protein B-type domain which is also present in proteins associated with infection and colonisation. These emergent lineages also harboured genes associated with antibiotic resistance, and the promotion of colonisation and infection which were absent in other lineages of the same serotype. Together these data suggest that in addition to serotype replacement, modifications of the capsule locus associated with changes in virulence factor expression and antibiotic resistance may promote vaccine escape. In summary, the study highlights that the persistence of vaccine serotype carriage despite high vaccine coverage in Malawi may be partly caused by expansion of VT lineages post-PCV13 rollout.","['D013296', 'D022242', 'D006801', 'D065288', 'D008295', 'D016667', 'D011008', 'D018074', 'D011135', 'D014774', 'D005838', 'D000073336', 'D001426', 'D037521', 'D002675', 'D020641', 'D007223', 'D008297']"
38896257,Application of biofilm dispersion-based nanoparticles in cutting off reinfection.,"Bacterial biofilms commonly cause chronic and persistent infections in humans. Bacterial biofilms consist of an inner layer of bacteria and an autocrine extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Biofilm dispersants (abbreviated as dispersants) have proven effective in removing the bacterial physical protection barrier EPS. Dispersants are generally weak or have no bactericidal effect. Bacteria dispersed from within biofilms (abbreviated as dispersed bacteria) may be more invasive, adhesive, and motile than planktonic bacteria, characteristics that increase the probability that dispersed bacteria will recolonize and cause reinfection. The dispersants should be combined with antimicrobials to avoid the risk of severe reinfection. Dispersant-based nanoparticles have the advantage of specific release and intense penetration, providing the prerequisite for further antibacterial agent efficacy and achieving the eradication of biofilms. Dispersant-based nanoparticles delivered antimicrobial agents for the treatment of diseases associated with bacterial biofilm infections are expected to be an effective measure to prevent reinfection caused by dispersed bacteria. KEY POINTS: • Dispersed bacteria harm and the dispersant's dispersion mechanisms are discussed. • The advantages of dispersant-based nanoparticles in bacteria biofilms are discussed. • Dispersant-based nanoparticles for cutting off reinfection in vivo are highlighted.","['D018441', 'D053758', 'D000900', 'D006801', 'D001419', 'D001424', 'D000084063', 'D000077317']"
38895734,"Antifungal and antibiofilm effects of probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius, zinc nanoparticles, and zinc nanocomposites against Candida albicans from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), water and humans.","Candida albicans (C. albicans) can form biofilms; a critical virulence factor that provides effective protection from commercial antifungals and contributes to public health issues. The development of new antifungal therapies, particularly those targeting biofilms, is imperative. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the antifungal and antibiofilm effects of Lactobacillus salivarius (L. salivarius), zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) and nanocomposites (ZnNCs) on C. albicans isolates from Nile tilapia, fish wash water and human fish sellers in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt.","['D000818', 'D018441', 'D002176', 'D053761', 'D000935', 'D015032', 'D019936', 'D023681', 'D006801', 'D008826', 'D000069996', 'D004534', 'D053758', 'D014871']"
38895145,Poly(Lysine)-Derived Carbon Quantum Dots Conquer Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm-Induced Persistent Endodontic Infections.,"Persistent endodontic infections (PEIs) mediated by bacterial biofilm mainly cause persistent periapical inflammation, resulting in recurrent periapical abscesses and progressive bone destruction. However, conventional root canal disinfectants are highly damaging to the tooth and periodontal tissue and ineffective in treating persistent root canal infections. Antimicrobial materials that are biocompatible with apical tissues and can eliminate PEIs-associated bacteria are urgently needed.","['D013293', 'D045663', 'D018441', 'D011107', 'D002244', 'D000818', 'D016908', 'D000900', 'D006801', 'D017382', 'D051379']"
38893310,The Human Paraoxonase 2: An Optimized Procedure for Refolding and Stabilization Facilitates Enzyme Analyses and a Proteomics Approach.,"The human paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is the oldest member of a small family of arylesterase and lactonase enzymes, representing the first line of defense against bacterial infections and having a major role in ROS-associated diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, and diabetes. Specific Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) clustering nearby two residues corresponding to pon2 polymorphic sites and their impact on the catalytic activity are not yet fully understood. Thus, the goal of the present study was to develop an improved PON2 purification protocol to obtain a higher amount of protein suitable for in-depth biochemical studies and biotechnological applications. To this end, we also tested several compounds to stabilize the active monomeric form of the enzyme. Storing the enzyme at 4 °C with 30 mM Threalose had the best impact on the activity, which was preserved for at least 30 days. The catalytic parameters against the substrate 3-Oxo-dodecanoyl-Homoserine Lactone (3oxoC12-HSL) and the enzyme ability to interfere with the biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1) were determined, showing that the obtained enzyme is well suited for downstream applications. Finally, we used the purified rPON2 to detect, by the direct molecular fishing (DMF) method, new putative PON2 interactors from soluble extracts of HeLa cells.","['D043303', 'D006801', 'D040901', 'D058849', 'D011550', 'D004795', 'D018441', 'D011499']"
38892341,Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Biofilms Using Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvents towards Innovative Color-Stabilizing Systems for Anthocyanins.,"Anthocyanins are amazing plant-derived colorants with highly valuable properties; however, their chemical and color instability issues limit their wide application in different food industry-related products such as active and intelligent packaging. In a previous study, it was demonstrated that anthocyanins could be stabilized into green plasticizers namely deep eutectic solvents (DESs). In this work, the fabrication of edible films by integrating anthocyanins along with DESs into biocompatible chitosan (CHT)-based formulations enriched with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and PVA nanoparticles was investigated. CHT/PVA-DES films' physical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, water vapor permeability, swelling index, moisture sorption isotherm, and thermogravimetry analysis. Innovative red-to-blue formulation films were achieved for CHT/PVA nanoparticles (for 5 min of sonication) at a molar ratio 1:1, and with 10% of ternary DES (TDES)-containing malvidin-3-glucoside (0.1%) where the physical properties of films were enhanced. After immersion in solutions at different pH values, films submitted to pHs 5-8 were revealed to be more color stable and resistant with time than at acidic pH values.","['D011142', 'D000872', 'D048271', 'D012997', 'D018441', 'D053758', 'D018857', 'D006863', 'D003116', 'D010539']"
38892267,Antimicrobial Packaging for Plum Tomatoes Based on ZnO Modified Low-Density Polyethylene.,"Food safety and quality are major concerns in the food industry. Despite numerous studies, polyethylene remains one of the most used materials for packaging due to industry reluctance to invest in new technologies and equipment. Therefore, modifications to the current materials are easier to implement than adopting whole new solutions. Antibacterial activity can be induced in low-density polyethylene films only by adding antimicrobial agents. ZnO nanoparticles are well known for their strong antimicrobial activity, coupled with low toxicity and UV shielding capability. These characteristics recommend ZnO for the food industry. By incorporating such safe and dependable antimicrobial agents in the polyethylene matrix, we have obtained composite films able to inhibit microorganisms' growth that can be used as packaging materials. Here we report the obtaining of highly homogenous composite films with up to 5% ZnO by a melt mixing process at 150 °C for 10 min. The composite films present good transparency in the visible domain, permitting consumers to visualize the food, but have good UV barrier properties. The composite films exhibit good antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity from the lowest ZnO composition (1%), against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The homogenous dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles into the polyethylene matrix was assessed by Fourier transform infrared microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The optimal mechanical barrier properties were obtained for composition with 3% ZnO. The thermal analysis indicates that the addition of ZnO nanoparticles has increased thermal stability by more than 100 °C. The UV-Vis spectra indicate a low transmittance in the UV domain, lower than 5%, making the films suitable for blocking photo-oxidation processes. The obtained films proved to be efficient packaging films, successfully preserving plum (Rome) tomatoes for up to 14 days.","['D015034', 'D018857', 'D020959', 'D018551', 'D000900', 'D008826', 'D000890', 'D018441']"
38892010,Molecular Mechanisms of Biofilm Infections and Combat Strategies.,Microbial biofilms are the most important drivers of chronic and recurrent infections [...].,"['D018441', 'D006801', 'D001424', 'D001419']"
38891904,Zirconia Dental Implants Surface Electric Stimulation Impact on Staphylococcus aureus.,"Tooth loss during the lifetime of an individual is common. A strategy to treat partial or complete edentulous patients is the placement of dental implants. However, dental implants are subject to bacterial colonization and biofilm formation, which cause an infection named peri-implantitis. The existing long-term treatments for peri-implantitis are generally inefficient. Thus, an electrical circuit was produced with zirconia (Zr) samples using a hot-pressing technique to impregnate silver (Ag) through channels and holes to create a path by LASER texturing. The obtained specimens were characterized according to vitro cytotoxicity, to ensure ZrAg non-toxicity. Furthermore, samples were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus using 6.5 mA of alternating current (AC). The current was delivered using a potentiostat and the influence on the bacterial concentration was assessed. Using AC, the specimens displayed no bacterial adhesion (Log 7 reduction). The in vitro results presented in this study suggest that this kind of treatment can be an alternative and promising strategy to treat and overcome bacterial adhesion around dental implants that can evolve to biofilm.","['D013211', 'D015921', 'D015040', 'D018441', 'D006801', 'D001422', 'D004558', 'D013499', 'D057873', 'D012834']"
38890647,Genetic characteristics of chromosomally integrated carbapenemase gene (blaNDM-1) in isolates of Proteus mirabilis.,This study aims to conduct an in-depth genomic analysis of a carbapenem-resistant Proteus mirabilis strain to uncover the distribution and mechanisms of its resistance genes.,"['D011513', 'D001618', 'D006801', 'D024901', 'D000900', 'D008826', 'D011512', 'D000073336', 'D001426', 'D002876', 'D016680', 'D015780']"
38890583,Effect of preharvest biofilm application regimes on cracking and fruit quality traits in '0900 Ziraat' sweet cherry cultivar.,"Fruit cracking impacts the quality of sweet cherry, significantly affecting its marketability due to increased susceptibility to injury, aesthetic flaws, and susceptibility to pathogens. The effect of 1% biofilm (Parka™) application regimes on fruit cracking and other quality parameters in the '0900 Ziraat' cherry cultivar was investigated in this study. Fruit sprayed with water were served as control (U1). Fruit treated only once with biofilm three, two and one week before the commercial harvest were considered as U2, U3 and U4, respectively. Fruit treated with biofilm three, two, and one week before harvest were considered as U5; three and two week before harvest as U6; two and one week before harvest as U7; and fruit treated three and one week before harvest as U8.","['D005638', 'D018441', 'D000068220', 'D001205']"
38890181,"Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, and M. gypseum Dermatophyte Biofilms in Response to Photodynamic Therapy.","Dermatophyte biofilms frequently count for inadequate responses and resistance to standard antifungal treatments, resulting in refractory chronic onychomycosis infection. Although antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has clinically proven to exert significant antifungal effects or even capable of eradicating dermatophyte biofilms, considerably less is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying aPDT and the potential dysregulation of signaling networks that could antagonize its action. The aim of this study is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlining aPDT combat against dermatophyte biofilm in recalcitrant onychomycosis and to decipher the potential detoxification processes elicited by aPDT, facilitating the development of more effective photodynamic interventions. We applied genome-wide comparative transcriptome analysis to investigate how aPDT disrupting onychomycosis biofilm formed by three distinct dermatophytes, including Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Microsporum gypseum, the most frequently occurring pathogenic species. In total, 352.13 Gb of clean data were obtained for the transcriptomes of dermatophyte biofilms with or without aPDT treatment, resulting in 2,422.42 million reads with GC content of 51.84%, covering 99.9%, 98.5% and 99.4% of annotated genes of T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, and M. gypseum, respectively. The genome-wide orthologous analysis identified 6624 transcribed single-copy orthologous genes in all three species, and 36.5%, 6.8% and 17.9% of which were differentially expressed following aPDT treatment. Integrative orthology analysis demonstrated the upregulation of oxidoreductase activities is a highly conserved detoxification signaling alteration in response to aPDT across all investigated dermatophyte biofilms. This study provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms underneath anti-dermatophyte biofilm effects of aPDT and successfully identified a conserved detoxification regulation upon the aPDT application.","['D018441', 'D010778', 'D020869', 'D003883', 'D008864', 'D006801', 'D000935', 'D014009', 'D059467']"
38889118,Syzygium aromaticum essential oil and its major constituents: Assessment of activity against Candida spp. and toxicity.,"Syzigium aromaticum essential oil (EO), eugenol, and β-caryophyllene were evaluated regarding antifungal, antibiofilm, and in vitro toxicity. Additionally, in vivo toxicity of EO was observed. Anti-Candida activity was assessed through broth microdilution assay for all compounds. Time-kill assay (0, 1, 10, 30 min, 1, 2, and 4 h) was used to determine the influence of EO and eugenol on Candida Growth kinetics. Thereafter, both compounds were evaluated regarding their capacity to act on a biofilm formation and on mature biofilm, based on CFU/ml/g of dry weight. Cell Titer Blue Viability Assay was used for in vitro cytotoxicity, using oral epithelial cells (TR146) and human monocytes (THP-1). Lastly, Galleria mellonella model defined the EO in vivo acute toxicity. All compounds, except β-cariofilene (MIC > 8000 μg/ml), presented antifungal activity against Candida strains (MIC 500-1000 μg/ml). The growth kinetics of Candida was affected by the EO (5xMIC 30 min onward; 10xMIC 10 min onward) and eugenol (5xMIC 10 min onward; 10xMIC 1 min onward). Fungal viability was also affected by 5xMIC and 10xMIC of both compounds during biofilm formation and upon mature biofilms. LD50 was defined for TR146 and THP1 cells at, respectively, 59.37 and 79.54 μg/ml for the EO and 55.35 and 84.16 μg/ml for eugenol. No sign of toxicity was seen in vivo up to 10mg/ml (20 x MIC) for the EO. S. aromaticum and eugenol presented antifungal and antibiofilm activity, with action on cell growth kinetics. In vivo acute toxicity showed a safe parameter for the EO up to 10 mg/ml.","['D009822', 'D006801', 'D018441', 'D002175', 'D027842', 'D000935', 'D000818', 'D008826', 'D005054', 'D002460']"
38888770,Large-Scale Culture and Plasmid Preparation Procedure for Low-Yield Bacmids Containing Full-Length SARS-CoV-2 cDNAs.,"Reverse genetic methods to manipulate viral genomes are key tools in modern virological experimentation. They allow for the generation of reporter virus genomes to simplify the assessment of virus growth and for the analysis of the impact of specific mutations in the genome on virus phenotypes. For SARS-CoV-2, reverse genetic systems are complicated by the large size of the viral genome and the instability of certain genomic sections in bacteria requiring the use of low-copy number bacterial artificial chromosome plasmids (bacmids). However, even with the use of bacmids, faithfully amplifying SARS-CoV-2 bacmids is often challenging. In this chapter, we describe a detailed protocol to grow SARS-CoV-2 bacmids and highlight the challenges and optimal techniques to produce large quantities of SARS-CoV-2 bacmids that are free of deletions and mutations. Overall, this chapter has recapitulated an overview of the maxi-preparation procedure for large unstable bacmids like SARS-CoV-2 to facilitate downstream applications.","['D000086402', 'D010957', 'D022202', 'D016679', 'D006801', 'D000086382', 'D018076', 'D059386', 'D012367']"
38888700,"Clinical characteristics and caries risk assessment of tobacco heating systems smokers, cigarette smokers and non-smokers: a cross-sectional study.","The study compared clinical characteristics and caries risk assessments between tobacco heating system (THS) smokers, cigarette smokers and non-smokers.","['D006801', 'D003731', 'D003430', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D018570', 'D018441', 'D012463', 'D011795', 'D004245', 'D008875', 'D012907', 'D003774']"
38886828,Ice nucleation active bacteria metabolites as antibiofilm agent to control Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae infections in Aquaculture.,The aim of this study was to quantify and identify metabolites of Ice Nucleation Active (INA) bacteria as an anti-biofilm agent against biofilms of fish pathogens such as Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae.,"['D018441', 'D016980', 'D013292', 'D000900', 'D017756', 'D005393', 'D000818', 'D012336', 'D008826', 'D016905', 'D007053', 'D013290', 'D053038']"
38886823,AI-2 quorum sensing-induced galactose metabolism activation in Streptococcus suis enhances capsular polysaccharide-associated virulence.,"Bacteria utilize intercellular communication to orchestrate essential cellular processes, adapt to environmental changes, develop antibiotic tolerance, and enhance virulence. This communication, known as quorum sensing (QS), is mediated by the exchange of small signalling molecules called autoinducers. AI-2 QS, regulated by the metabolic enzyme LuxS (S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase), acts as a universal intercellular communication mechanism across gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is crucial for diverse bacterial processes. In this study, we demonstrated that in Streptococcus suis (S. suis), a notable zoonotic pathogen, AI-2 QS enhances galactose utilization, upregulates the Leloir pathway for capsular polysaccharide (CPS) precursor production, and boosts CPS synthesis, leading to increased resistance to macrophage phagocytosis. Additionally, our molecular docking and dynamics simulations suggest that, similar to S. pneumoniae, FruA, a fructose-specific phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system prevalent in gram-positive pathogens, may also function as an AI-2 membrane surface receptor in S. suis. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the significance of AI-2 in the synthesis of galactose metabolism-dependent CPS in S. suis. Additionally, we conducted a preliminary analysis of the potential role of FruA as a membrane surface receptor for S. suis AI-2.","['D017011', 'D005690', 'D053038', 'D014774', 'D000818', 'D016667', 'D007783', 'D013290', 'D006714', 'D011135']"
38886717,Hoslundia opposita vahl; a potential source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antibiofilm activity for wound healing.,"Biofilms and oxidative stress retard wound healing. The resistance of biofilms to antibiotics has led to a search for alternative approaches in biofilm elimination. Antioxidants work synergistically with antibacterial agents against biofilms. Hence recent research has suggested plants as candidates in the development of new alternatives in biofilm treatments and as antioxidants due to the presence of phytocompounds which are responsible for their bioactivities. Hoslundia opposita Vahl is one of the plants used by traditional healers to treat wounds and other infections, this makes it a potential candidate for drug discovery hence, in this study, we investigate the antibiofilm and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of hoslundia opposita Vahl from Uganda. We also identify phytochemicals responsible for its bioactivity.","['D018441', 'D000975', 'D010936', 'D014945', 'D000900', 'D011550', 'D008826', 'D014454', 'D013211', 'D006801', 'D064209']"
38886632,In Vivo and in Vitro activity of colistin-conjugated bimetallic silver-copper oxide nanoparticles against Pandrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.,"Addressing microbial resistance urgently calls for alternative treatment options. This study investigates the impact of a bimetallic formulation containing colistin, silver, and copper oxide on a pandrug-resistant, highly virulent Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) isolate from a cancer patient at the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt.","['D011550', 'D003091', 'D003300', 'D000900', 'D008826', 'D012834', 'D000818', 'D053768', 'D018441', 'D011552', 'D024901', 'D006801', 'D009036', 'D037521', 'D004534']"
38886629,"Study of MIC of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles, strong and cost-effective antibacterial against biofilm-producing Acinetobacter baumannii in Shiraz, Southwest of Iran.","Acinetobacter baumannii resistant strains lead to increased mortality, treatment costs, and an increase in the length of hospitalization. Nowadays, nanoparticles are considered a substitute for antibiotics. This study aimed to determine the MIC of Silver (Ag) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles (NPs) on Biofilm-Producing Acinetobacter baumannii and determine the relationship between MIC and frequency of efflux pump genes in cutaneous specimens in Shiraz, Southwest Iran in 2021-2022.","['D040981', 'D018441', 'D007492', 'D008826', 'D000900', 'D012834', 'D015034', 'D006801', 'D000151', 'D053768', 'D024901', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000293', 'D055815', 'D002648', 'D000368', 'D002675', 'D053758']"
38886442,[Applications of biofilm in environmental pollution control and the related challenges].,"Biofilm has been used in environmental pollution control in recent years due to its characteristics of adsorption and biodegradation. Beyond the success of its utilization in wastewater treatment, biofilm technique has high application value in the remediation of heavy metals and organic pollutants in soils. With the extensive attention and research of emerging pollutants such as microplastics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), the pivotal role of biofilm can not be overlooked. Here, we presented a comprehensive review of the structure, formation mecha-nism, population, and functional aspects of biofilm, as well as its applications and mechanisms in environmental pollution control in recent years. We emphatically discussed the removal mechanism and application progress of biofilm on heavy metals and organic pollutants. We further expounded some novel environmental challenges posed by biofilm under new circumstances, including the coexistence of various pollutants in plastisphere, the spread of ARGs, and the accumulation of pathogens. Finally, we put forward the gaps of current research and prospects for future research, especially the importance of exploring the interaction relationship and mechanism between biofilm and various pollutants. It is expected to provide theoretical basis for the development of new technology of biofilm remediation.","['D018441', 'D004787', 'D019216', 'D001673', 'D004785', 'D009930']"
38886121,Prunus persica leaves aqueous extract mediated biosynthesis of Ag nanoparticles and assessment of its anti-quorum sensing potential against Hafnia species.,"Hafnia sp. was one of the specific spoilage bacteria in aquatic products, and the aim of the study was to investigate the inhibition ability of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesis by an aqueous extract of Prunus persica leaves toward the spoilage-related virulence factors of Hafnia sp. The synthesized P-AgNPs were spherical, with a mean particle size of 36.3 nm and zeta potential of 21.8 ± 1.33 mV. In addition, the inhibition effects of P-AgNPs on the growth of two Hafnia sp. strains and their quorum sensing regulated virulence factors, such as the formation of biofilm, secretion of N-acetyl-homoserine lactone (AHLs), proteases, and exopolysaccharides, as well as their swarming and swimming motilities were evaluated. P-AgNPs had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 64 μg ml-1 against the two Hafnia sp. strains. When the concentration of P-AgNPs was below MIC, it could inhibit the formation of biofilms by Hafnia sp at 8-32 μg ml-1, but it promoted the formation of biofilms by Hafnia sp at 0.5-4 μg ml-1. P-AgNPs exhibited diverse inhibiting effects on AHLs and protease production, swimming, and swarming motilities at various concentrations.","['D053038', 'D012834', 'D010936', 'D018515', 'D053768', 'D018441', 'D008826', 'D000900', 'D000068239', 'D035722', 'D037521']"
38885290,Regulation of candidalysin underlies Candida albicans persistence in intravascular catheters by modulating NETosis.,"Candida albicans is a leading cause of intravascular catheter-related infections. The capacity for biofilm formation has been proposed to contribute to the persistence of this fungal pathogen on catheter surfaces. While efforts have been devoted to identifying microbial factors that modulate C. albicans biofilm formation in vitro, our understanding of the host factors that may shape C. albicans persistence in intravascular catheters is lacking. Here, we used multiphoton microscopy to characterize biofilms in intravascular catheters removed from candidiasis patients. We demonstrated that, NETosis, a type of neutrophil cell death with antimicrobial activity, was implicated in the interaction of immune cells with C. albicans in the catheters. The catheter isolates exhibited reduced filamentation and candidalysin gene expression, specifically in the total parenteral nutrition culture environment. Furthermore, we showed that the ablation of candidalysin expression in C. albicans reduced NETosis and conferred resistance to neutrophil-mediated fungal biofilm elimination. Our findings illustrate the role of neutrophil NETosis in modulating C. albicans biofilm persistence in an intravascular catheter, highlighting that C. albicans can benefit from reduced virulence expression to promote its persistence in an intravascular catheter.","['D002176', 'D006801', 'D018441', 'D005656', 'D002177', 'D055499', 'D009504', 'D065206', 'D057785', 'D015966']"
38885283,Fusarioid keratitis and other superficial infections: A 10-years prospective study from Northeastern Brazil.,"Fusarium and allied genera (fusarioid) species are common colonizers of roots and aerial plant parts, or act as phytopathogens in forestry and horticultural or grain crops. However, they can also cause a wide range of infections in humans, including onychomycosis, cutaneous and invasive infections. Fusarioid keratitis is characterized by an infection of the cornea with a suppurative and ulcerative appearance, which may cause damage to vision and permanent blindness. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of fusarioid species, biofilm formation and antifungal susceptibility profiling of clinical isolates recovered from patients with keratitis and dermatomycoses.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D001938', 'D007634', 'D011446', 'D008875', 'D000935', 'D008826', 'D005670', 'D060585', 'D055815', 'D003881', 'D000368', 'D018441', 'D015995', 'D000293', 'D015821']"
38884908,Formation and Analysis of Biofilms in Vivo.,"Establishing a biofilm infection model in vivo allows a better understanding of the underlying infection mechanisms of bacteria. Here we describe a method for constructing an in vivo biofilm model of Streptococcus suis. The animal modeled is a piglet, which is the natural reservoir of S. suis, and the mode of clinical infection is simulated by intranasal inoculation of S. suis. This model is in line with clinical practice, easy to operate, and has good repeated stability.","['D018441', 'D000818', 'D017011', 'D013552', 'D013290', 'D004195']"
38882537,Near-Infrared Light-Triggered NO Nanogenerator for Gas-Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy and Low-Temperature Photothermal Therapy to Eliminate Biofilms.,"Owing to its noninvasive nature, broad-spectrum effectiveness, minimal bacterial resistance, and high efficiency, phototherapy has significant potential for antibiotic-free antibacterial interventions and combating antibacterial biofilms. However, finding effective strategies to mitigate the detrimental effects of excessive temperature and elevated concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) remains a pressing issue that requires immediate attention.","['D018441', 'D010778', 'D000818', 'D011092', 'D007208', 'D000082703', 'D007259', 'D051379', 'D013211', 'D011094', 'D004926', 'D009569', 'D000900', 'D006801', 'D017382', 'D053758', 'D010316']"
38880618,Antibacterial toner exhibits bactericidal effect against Cutibacterium acnes via keratin and sebum plug penetration.,"Cutibacterium acnes is an opportunistic pathogen recognized as a contributing factor to acne vulgaris. The accumulation of keratin and sebum plugs in hair follicles facilitates C. acnes proliferation, leading to inflammatory acne. Although numerous antimicrobial cosmetic products for acne-prone skin are available, their efficacy is commonly evaluated against planktonic cells of C. acnes. Limited research has assessed the antimicrobial effects on microorganisms within keratin and sebum plugs. This study investigates whether an antibacterial toner can penetrate keratin and sebum plugs, exhibiting bactericidal effects against C. acnes. Scanning electron microscopy and next-generation sequencing analysis of the keratin and sebum plug suggest that C. acnes proliferate within the plug, predominantly in a biofilm-like morphology. To clarify the potential bactericidal effect of the antibacterial toner against C. acnes inside keratin and sebum plugs, we immersed the plugs in the toner, stained them with LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit to visualize microorganism viability, and observed them using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results indicate that most microorganisms in the plugs were killed by the antibacterial toner. To quantitatively evaluate the bactericidal efficacy of the toner against C. acnes within keratin and sebum, we immersed an artificial plug with inoculated C. acnes type strain and an isolate collected from acne-prone skin into the toner and obtained viable cell counts. The number of the type strain and the isolate inside the artificial plug decreased by over 2.2 log and 1.2 log, respectively, showing that the antibacterial toner exhibits bactericidal effects against C. acnes via keratin and sebum plug penetration.","['D012629', 'D000900', 'D006801', 'D007633', 'D000152', 'D018441', 'D050296', 'D011423', 'D011425', 'D018859', 'D008855']"
38879157,"Mycobacterial biofilms: Understanding the genetic factors playing significant role in pathogenesis, resistance and diagnosis.","Even though the genus Mycobacterium is a diverse group consisting of a majority of environmental bacteria known as non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), it also contains some of the deadliest pathogens (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) in history associated with chronic disease called tuberculosis (TB). Formation of biofilm is one of the unique strategies employed by mycobacteria to enhance their ability to survive in hostile conditions. Biofilm formation by Mycobacterium species is an emerging area of research with significant implications for understanding its pathogenesis and treatment of related infections, specifically TB. This review provides an overview of the biofilm-forming abilities of different species of Mycobacterium and the genetic factors influencing biofilm formation with a detailed focus on M. tuberculosis. Biofilm-mediated resistance is a significant challenge as it can limit antibiotic penetration and promote the survival of dormant mycobacterial cells. Key genetic factors promoting biofilm formation have been explored such as the mmpL genes involved in lipid transport and cell wall integrity as well as the groEL gene essential for mature biofilm formation. Additionally, biofilm-mediated antibiotic resistance and pathogenesis highlighting the specific niches, sites of infection along with the possible mechanisms of biofilm dissemination have been discussed. Furthermore, drug targets within mycobacterial biofilm and their role as potential biomarkers in the development of rapid diagnostic tools have been highlighted. The review summarises the current understanding of the complex nature of Mycobacterium biofilm and its clinical implications, paving the way for advancements in the field of disease diagnosis, management and treatment against its multi-drug resistant species.","['D018441', 'D006801', 'D009161', 'D009169', 'D024881', 'D014376', 'D000995', 'D000818']"
38878572,Efficient anode material derived from nutshells for bio-energy production in microbial fuel cell.,"Biochar is a carbonaceous solid that is prepared through thermo-chemical decomposition of biomass under an inert atmosphere. The present study compares the performance of biochar prepared from Peanut shell, coconut shell and walnut shell in dual chamber microbial fuel cell. The physicochemical and electrochemical analysis of biochar reveals that prepared biochar is macroporous, amorphous, biocompatible, and electrochemically conductive. Polarization studies show that Peanut shell biochar (PSB) exhibited a maximum power density of 165 mW/m2 followed by Coconut shell biochar (CSB) Activated Charcoal (AC) and Walnut shell biochar (WSB). Enhanced power density of PSB was attributed to its surface area and suitable pore size distribution which proved conducive for biofilm formation. Furthermore, the high electrical capacitance of PSB improved the electron transfer between microbes and anode.","['D001674', 'D004566', 'D002606', 'D003059', 'D031324', 'D010367', 'D018441']"
38878097,Effect of gallium nitrate on the antibacterial activity of vancomycin in methicillin-sensitive and resistant Staphylococcus aureus.,"The extension of multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the main health challenges in the world, which requires serious solutions to deal with it. Combination therapies using conventional antibiotics and new antibacterial compounds that target different bacterial pathways are effective methods against resistant bacterial infections. Gallium is an iron-like metal that competes with iron for uptake into bacteria and has the potential to disrupt iron-dependent vital processes in bacteria. In this study, we explored the antibacterial effects of gallium nitrate (Ga(NO3)3) and vancomycin alone and in combination with each other on methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) using microdilution assay and checkerboard test, respectively. Then, their effect on the formation and destruction of biofilms was investigated. Finally, the amount of ROS production in the presence of these two compounds in bacteria was evaluated. The results indicated that the vancomycin/ Ga(NO3)3 combination reduced the MIC of vancomycin in the MRSA strain and had an additive effect on it. Vancomycin plus Ga(NO3)3 reduced the formation of biofilms and increased the destruction of biofilms formed in both strains, especially in the MRSA strain. ROS production was also higher in the combination of vancomycin with Ga(NO3)3 compared to vancomycin alone, especially in MRSA. Therefore, our results showed that Ga(NO3)3 enhances the antibacterial activity of vancomycin and this combination therapy can be considered as a new strategy for the treatment of MRSA infections.","['D005708', 'D014640', 'D000900', 'D055624', 'D008826', 'D018441', 'D013211', 'D004357', 'D017382', 'D013203', 'D006801']"
38877639,Exploring coaggregation mechanisms involved in biofilm formation in drinking water through a proteomic-based approach.,"Coaggregation, a highly specific cell-cell interaction mechanism, plays a pivotal role in multispecies biofilm formation. While it has been mostly studied in oral environments, its occurrence in aquatic systems is also acknowledged. Considering biofilm formation's economic and health-related implications in engineered water systems, it is crucial to understand its mechanisms. Here, we hypothesized that traceable differences at the proteome level might determine coaggregation ability.","['D018441', 'D060766', 'D040901', 'D005407', 'D001426', 'D001422', 'D010861', 'D014871', 'D020543']"
38877618,Mesoscopic ring element growth and deformation induced biofilm streamer evolution in microfluidic channels.,"In a fluid environment, biofilms usually form and grow into streamers attached to solid surfaces. Existing research on single streamers studied their formation and failure modes. In the experiment on biofilm growth in a microfluidic channel, we found that rings composed of bacteria and an extracellular matrix are important elements on a mesoscopic scale. In the fluid environment, the failure of these ring elements causes damage to streamers. We simulated the growth and deformation of the ring structure in the micro-channel using multi-agent simulation and fluid-structure coupling of a porous elastic body. Based on this, we simulated the biofilm evolution involving multi-ring deformation, which provides a new length scale to study the biofilm streamer dynamics in fluid environments.","['D018441', 'D044085', 'D046210']"
38877452,"Analysis of a new phage, KZag1, infecting biofilm of Klebsiella pneumoniae: genome sequence and characterization.","This study investigates the effectiveness of the bacteriophage KZag1 against drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, aiming to assess its potential as a therapeutic agent. The novelty lies in the characterization of KZag1, a Myovirus with specific efficacy against multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae strains. This highlights the significance of exploring alternative strategies, particularly phage therapy, in addressing biofilm-associated infections.","['D007711', 'D018441', 'D016679', 'D001435', 'D017900', 'D024901', 'D010802', 'D004279', 'D001482', 'D000071059']"
38877064,Two distinct archaeal type IV pili structures formed by proteins with identical sequence.,"Type IV pili (T4P) represent one of the most common varieties of surface appendages in archaea. These filaments, assembled from small pilin proteins, can be many microns long and serve diverse functions, including adhesion, biofilm formation, motility, and intercellular communication. Here, we determine atomic structures of two distinct adhesive T4P from Saccharolobus islandicus via cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Unexpectedly, both pili were assembled from the same pilin polypeptide but under different growth conditions. One filament, denoted mono-pilus, conforms to canonical archaeal T4P structures where all subunits are equivalent, whereas in the other filament, the tri-pilus, the same polypeptide exists in three different conformations. The three conformations in the tri-pilus are very different from the single conformation found in the mono-pilus, and involve different orientations of the outer immunoglobulin-like domains, mediated by a very flexible linker. Remarkably, the outer domains rotate nearly 180° between the mono- and tri-pilus conformations. Both forms of pili require the same ATPase and TadC-like membrane pore for assembly, indicating that the same secretion system can produce structurally very different filaments. Our results show that the structures of archaeal T4P appear to be less constrained and rigid than those of the homologous archaeal flagellar filaments that serve as helical propellers.","['D020285', 'D036781', 'D019843', 'D008958', 'D010861', 'D011487', 'D000595']"
38876728,"Antigenic determinants driving serogroup-specific antibody response to Neisseria meningitidis C, W, and Y capsular polysaccharides: Insights for rational vaccine design.","Meningococcal glycoconjugate vaccines sourced from capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) of pathogenic Neisseria meningitidis strains are well-established measures to prevent meningococcal disease. However, the exact structural factors responsible for antibody recognition are not known. CPSs of Neisseria meningitidis serogroups Y and W differ by a single stereochemical center, yet they evoke specific immune responses. Herein, we developed specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting serogroups C, Y, and W and evaluated their ability to kill bacteria. We then used these mAbs to dissect structural elements responsible for carbohydrate-protein interactions. First, Men oligosaccharides were screened against the mAbs using ELISA to select putative lengths representing the minimal antigenic determinant. Next, molecular interaction features between the mAbs and serogroup-specific sugar fragments were elucidated using STD-NMR. Moreover, X-ray diffraction data with the anti-MenW CPS mAb enabled the elucidation of the sugar-antibody binding mode. Our findings revealed common traits in the epitopes of all three sialylated serogroups. The minimal binding epitopes typically comprise five to six repeating units. Moreover, the O-acetylation of the neuraminic acid moieties was fundamental for mAb binding. These insights hold promise for the rational design of optimized meningococcal oligosaccharides, opening new avenues for novel production methods, including chemical or enzymatic approaches.","['D000911', 'D065288', 'D009345', 'D022401', 'D011135', 'D000907', 'D000939', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D006801', 'D016667', 'D000917']"
38876723,Starch-based biodegradable films amended with nano-starch and tannic acid-coated nano-starch exhibit enhanced mechanical and functional attributes with antimicrobial activity.,"Starch-based biofilms are biodegradable, but their application is limited by lower mechanical strength and absence of antimicrobial properties. In this context, the present study attempted to unleash the potential of nanotechnology for synthesizing nano-starch (NS) and tannic acid-coated nano-starch (T-NS) for augmenting the tensile strength and antimicrobial properties of starch-based biofilms. Moreover, this study reports one of the first such attempts to improve the commercial viability of starch extracted from the corms of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius. In this study, NS and T-NS samples were first synthesized by the physical and chemical modification of the native starch (S) molecules. The NS and T-NS samples showed significantly smaller granule size, lower moisture content, and swelling power. Further, amendments with NS and T-NS samples (25 % and 50 %) to the native starch molecules were performed to obtain biofilm samples. The NSB (NS amended) and T-NSB (T-NS amended) biofilms showed comparatively higher tensile strength than SB films (100 % starch-based). The T-NSB showed greater antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. All the biofilms showed almost complete biodegradation in soil (in 10 days). Therefore, it can be concluded that additives like NS and T-NS can improve starch-based biofilms' mechanical strength and antimicrobial properties with considerable biodegradability.","['D013213', 'D013634', 'D013718', 'D018441', 'D000900', 'D008826', 'D053758', 'D000890', 'D006090', 'D006094', 'D059808']"
38937715,Inhibitory activity of bacterial lipopeptides against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Strigae.,"This study investigated the influence of bacterial cyclic lipopeptides (LP; surfactins, iturins, fengycins) on microbial interactions. The objective was to investigate whether the presence of bacteria inhibits fungal growth and whether this inhibition is due to the release of bacterial metabolites, particularly LP. Selected endophytic bacterial strains with known plant-growth promoting potential were cultured in the presence of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. strigae (Fos), which was applied as model fungal organism. The extracellular metabolome of tested bacteria, with a focus on LP, was characterized, and the inhibitory effect of bacterial LP on fungal growth was investigated. The results showed that Bacillus velezensis GB03 and FZB42, as well as B. subtilis BSn5 exhibited the strongest antagonism against Fos. Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN, on the other hand, tended to have a slight, though non-significant growth promotion effect. Crude LP from strains GB03 and FZB42 had the strongest inhibitory effect on Fos, with a significant inhibition of spore germination and damage of the hyphal structure. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry revealed the production of several variants of iturin, fengycin, and surfactin LP families from strains GB03, FZB42, and BSn5, with varying intensity. Using plate cultures, bacillomycin D fractions were detected in higher abundance in strains GB03, FZB42, and BSn5 in the presence of Fos. Additionally, the presence of Fos in dual plate culture triggered an increase in bacillomycin D production from the Bacillus strains. The study demonstrated the potent antagonistic effect of certain Bacillus strains (i.e., GB03, FZB42, BSn5) on Fos development. Our findings emphasize the crucial role of microbial interactions in shaping the co-existence of microbial assemblages.","['D005670', 'D055666', 'D001407', 'D000898', 'D000935', 'D010456', 'D056265', 'D042521', 'D013172', 'D025301']"
38931190,Effect of the Administration of Cordyceps militaris Mycelium Extract on Blood Markers for Anemia in Long-Distance Runners.,"In the present study, we conducted a placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group comparison trial in which an extract of Cordyceps militaris (CM) mycelium was administered to long-distance runners for 16 weeks during the pre-season training period and blood test markers for anemia were investigated. The results indicated that the change rates of serum ferritin levels were moderately increased in the CM group (n = 11) but decreased in the placebo group (n = 11) during the study period, and the levels were significantly increased in the CM group compared with those in the placebo group at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after the test food intake (p < 0.05). Moreover, the change rates of hemoglobin and hematocrit were significantly increased in the CM group compared with those in the placebo group at 8 weeks after the test food intake (p < 0.05). These observations suggest that the intake of test food containing Cordyceps militaris mycelium extract is expected to effectively maintain the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in long-distance runners, possibly via the suppression of the decrease in iron storage, which is reflected by serum ferritin, during pre-season training. Furthermore, the levels of creatine kinase were increased above the normal range in both the placebo and CM groups at registration. Interestingly, the creatine kinase levels were significantly decreased in the CM group compared with those in the placebo group at 16 weeks after the test food intake (p < 0.05). These results suggest that Cordyceps militaris mycelium extract exhibits a protective action on the muscle damage observed in long-distance runners and may suppress muscle injury. Together, these observations suggest that Cordyceps militaris mycelium extract exhibits an improving effect on the markers for not only anemia, but also muscle injury in long-distance runners during pre-season training.","['D006801', 'D032661', 'D004311', 'D008297', 'D025282', 'D015415', 'D000328', 'D006454', 'D012420', 'D006400', 'D005293', 'D000740', 'D003402', 'D056352']"
38928117,"Cla4A, a Novel Regulator of Gene Expression Networks Required for Asexual and Insect-Pathogenic Lifecycles of Beauveria bassiana.","Cla4, an orthologous p21-activated kinase crucial for non-entomopathogenic fungal lifestyles, has two paralogs (Cla4A/B) functionally unknown in hypocrealean entomopathogens. Here, we report a regulatory role of Cla4A in gene expression networks of Beauveria bassiana required for asexual and entomopathogenic lifecycles while Cla4B is functionally redundant. The deletion of cla4A resulted in severe growth defects, reduced stress tolerance, delayed conidiation, altered conidiation mode, impaired conidial quality, and abolished pathogenicity through cuticular penetration, contrasting with no phenotype affected by cla4B deletion. In ∆cla4A, 5288 dysregulated genes were associated with phenotypic defects, which were restored by targeted gene complementation. Among those, 3699 genes were downregulated, including more than 1300 abolished at the transcriptomic level. Hundreds of those downregulated genes were involved in the regulation of transcription, translation, and post-translational modifications and the organization and function of the nuclear chromosome, chromatin, and protein-DNA complex. DNA-binding elements in promoter regions of 130 dysregulated genes were predicted to be targeted by Cla4A domains. Samples of purified Cla4A extract were proven to bind promoter DNAs of 12 predicted genes involved in multiple stress-responsive pathways. Therefore, Cla4A acts as a novel regulator of genomic expression and stability and mediates gene expression networks required for insect-pathogenic fungal adaptations to the host and environment.","['D052982', 'D015966', 'D005656', 'D000818', 'D053263', 'D007313', 'D013172', 'D011401']"
38918572,The MYB-like protein MylA contributes to conidiogenesis and conidial germination in Aspergillus nidulans.,"Myeloblastosis (MYB)-like proteins are a family of highly conserved transcription factors in animals, plants, and fungi and are involved in the regulation of mRNA expression of genes. In this study, we identified and characterized one MYB-like protein in the model organism Aspergillus nidulans. We screened the mRNA levels of genes encoding MYB-like proteins containing two MYB repeats in conidia and found that the mRNA levels of four genes including flbD, cicD, and two uncharacterized genes, were high in conidia. To investigate the roles of two uncharacterized genes, AN4618 and AN10944, deletion mutants for each gene were generated. Our results revealed that AN4618 was required for fungal development. Therefore, we further investigated the role of AN4618, named as mylA, encoding the MYB-like protein containing two MYB repeats. Functional studies revealed that MylA was essential for normal fungal growth and development. Phenotypic and transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that deletion of mylA affected stress tolerance, cell wall integrity, and long-term viability in A. nidulans conidia. In addition, the germination rate of the mylA deletion mutant conidia was decreased compared with that of the wild-type conidia. Overall, this study suggests that MylA is critical for appropriate development, conidial maturation, dormancy, and germination in A. nidulans.","['D001233', 'D013172', 'D005656', 'D015966', 'D014157']"
38914637,Evaluation of the benefits of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and mycorrhizal fungi on biochemical and morphophysiological traits of Aloe barbadensis Mill under water deficit stress.,"Aloe barbadensis is a drought-tolerant perennial medicinal plant with both nutritional and cosmetic uses. Drought is one of the main abiotic stresses limiting plant growth and development. However, the use of drought-resistant plants combined with beneficial soil micro-organisms could improve the effectiveness of biological methods to mitigate drought damage. This research aims to evaluate the effects of Funneliformis mosseae (MF), plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (including Pseudomonas putida and Pantoea agglomerans), and their co-inoculation on the macronutrient status, antioxidant enzyme activities, and other morphophysiological traits of A. barbadensis under four irrigation regimes [25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of water requirement (WR)]. Three harvests were conducted, revealing that inoculation enhanced the survival rate and shoot fresh weight (SFW) compared to the control plants. However, at 25% WR, the SFW was reduced by 43% more than the control. across all harvests, while the PGPR + MF treatment showed increases of more than 19%, 11%, and 17% compared to the control, MF, and PGPR treatments, respectively. The results also showed that A. barbadensis exhibited innate drought tolerance up to a 50% WR level by enhancing physiological defenses, such as antioxidant enzyme activity. Inoculation increased the macronutrient status of the plant at all levels of irrigation regimes especially under severe drought conditions. The highest levels of nitrogen (N) (16.24 mg g-1 DW) and phosphorus (P) (11.29 mg g-1 DW) were observed in the PGPR + MF treatment at 100% WR. The maximum relative water content under MF inoculation and 75% WR (98.24%) (98.24%) was reached. PGPR + MF treatment alleviated drought-induced osmotic stress, as indicated by reduced antioxidant enzyme activities and electrolyte leakage. However, P. putida and P. agglomerans strains alone or in combination with F. mosseae increased plant yield, macronutrient uptake and antioxidant enzyme activity. This study underscores the potential of these PGPR and MF strains as invaluable biological tools for the cultivation of A. barbadensis in regions with severe drought stress.","['D000504', 'D038821', 'D055864', 'D016958', 'D000975', 'D018517', 'D014867', 'D013312', 'D012988', 'D020636', 'D003681', 'D005658']"
38914491,[Filamentous morphology: a new frontier for genetic modification of filamentous fungal cell factories].,"Filamentous fungi are a group of eukaryotic microorganisms widely found in nature. Some filamentous fungi have been developed as ""cell factories"" and extensively used for the production of recombinant proteins, organic acids, and secondary metabolites due to their strong protein secretion capabilities or effective synthesis of many natural products. The growth morphology of filamentous fungi significantly influences the quality and quantity of fermented products. Previous research conducted by the authors' group revealed that an increase in hyphal branches leads to enhanced protein secretion during liquid fermentation. With the development of morphological engineering of filamentous fungi, an increasing number of studies have focused on modifying fungal mycelium morphology to improve the yield of target metabolites during fermentation. While there have been a few reviews on the relationship between fungal fermentation morphology and productivity, research in this area is rapidly developing and requires updates. The paper presents a comprehensive review of domestic and international research reports, along with the authors' own research findings, to systematically review the morphological patterns of filamentous fungi, the impact of fungal morphology on industrial fermentation, as well as methods and strategies for regulating mycelial morphology. The aim of this review is to enhance the understanding of relevant domestic scholars regarding the morphological development of filamentous fungi and provide ideas for the rational engineering of fungal strains suitable for industrial fermentation.","['D005285', 'D005658', 'D025282', 'D007218', 'D005818', 'D011994', 'D025301']"
38910247,"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi by inducing watermelon roots secretion phthalates, altering soil enzyme activity and bacterial community composition to alleviate the watermelon wilt.",Long-term continuous cropping has resulted in the frequent occurrence of fusarium wilt of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). AMF inoculation can alleviate the continuous cropping barrier and reduce the incidence of fusarium wilt of watermelon. Our previous study found that the root exudates of mycorrhizal watermelon can enhance watermelon resistance to this disorder. It is necessary to further isolate and identify the specific compounds in root exudates of mycorrhizal watermelon and explore their control effects on fusarium wilt of continuous cropping watermelon.,"['D029773', 'D038821', 'D010935', 'D018517', 'D012988', 'D010795', 'D005670', 'D001419', 'D012987', 'D058441']"
38910228,Characterizing genetic diversity of Sclerotium rolfsii isolates by biomapping of mycelial compatibility groupings and multilocus sequence analysis.,"Genetic diversity in Sclerotium rolfsii is useful for understanding its population structure, identifying different mycelial compatibility groups (MCGs), and developing targeted strategies for disease management in affected crops. In our study, a comprehensive genetic analysis was conducted on 50 isolates of S. rolfsii, collected from various geographic regions and host plants. Two specific genes, TEF1α and RPB2, were utilized to assess the genetic diversity and relationships among these isolates. Notably, out of 1225 pairings examined, only 154 exhibited a compatible reaction, while the majority displayed antagonistic reactions, resulting in the formation of a barrier zone. The isolates were grouped into 10 distinct MCGs. These MCGs were further characterized using genetic sequencing. TEF1α sequences distinguished the isolates into 17 distinct clusters, and RPB2 sequences classified them into 20 clusters. Some MCGs shared identical gene sequences within each gene, while others exhibited unique sequences. Intriguingly, when both TEF1α and RPB2 sequences were combined, all 10 MCGs were effectively differentiated, even those that appeared identical with single-gene analysis. This combined approach provided a comprehensive understanding of the genetic diversity and relationships among the S. rolfsii isolates, allowing for precise discrimination between different MCGs. The results shed light on the population structure and genetic variability within this plant pathogenic fungus, providing valuable insights for disease management and control strategies. This study highlights the significance of comprehending the varied virulence characteristics within S. rolfsii isolates, categorizing them into specific virulence groups based on disease severity index (DSI) values. The association with MCGs provides additional insights into the genetic underpinnings of virulence in this pathogen. Furthermore, the identification of geographical patterns in virulence implies the influence of region-specific factors, with potential implications for disease control and crop protection strategies.Please confirm if the author names are presented accurately and in the correct sequence (given name, middle name/initial, family name). Author 1 Given name: [G. M. Sandeep] Last name [Kumar]. Author 2 Given name: [Praveen Kumar] Last name [Singh]. Also, kindly confirm the details in the metadata are correct.I confirm that the given names are accurate and presented in the correct sequence.","['D014644', 'D010935', 'D058885', 'D010802', 'D001487', 'D025282', 'D005656', 'D004271', 'D018556']"
38907012,Mycorrhizal fungi arbuscular in organic and conventional sugarcane systems.,"Organic production systems are increasingly gaining market share; however, there are still few studies on their influence on the activity of soil microorganisms in sugarcane. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are extremely sensitive to environmental changes, and their activity can be used as a parameter of comparison and quality between organic and conventional systems. The objective of this work was to evaluate mycorrhizal activity in different varieties of sugarcane under two production systems. This work was carried out in a commercial plantation of the Jalles Machado plant in the municipality of Goianésia in Goiás, Brazil. The values of spore density in the soil, mycorrhizal colonization rate in the roots and easily extractable glomalin were evaluated, and the associated fungal species were identified. There was no effect of sugarcane variety on the number of spores or the glomalin content in the soil. The conventional system presented significantly lower mycorrhizal colonization rates than did the organic system. The varieties cultivated under the conventional planting system showed a greater diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, where 12 of the 13 different species of mycorrhizal fungi found in both cultivation systems occurred.","['D031786', 'D038821', 'D012988', 'D001938', 'D018517', 'D058871', 'D012987', 'D006023', 'D013172', 'D005656']"
38906891,A trait-based root acquisition-defence-decomposition framework in angiosperm tree species.,"To adapt to the complex belowground environment, plants make trade-offs between root resource acquisition and defence ability. This includes forming partnerships with different types of root associating microorganisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi. These trade-offs, by mediating root chemistry, exert legacy effects on nutrient release during decomposition, which may, in turn, affect the ability of new roots to re-acquire resources, thereby generating a feedback loop. However, the linkages at the basis of this potential feedback loop remain largely unquantified. Here, we propose a trait-based root 'acquisition-defence-decomposition' conceptual framework and test the strength of relevant linkages across 90 angiosperm tree species. We show that, at the plant species level, the root-fungal symbiosis gradient within the root economics space, root chemical defence (condensed tannins), and root decomposition rate are closely linked, providing support to this framework. Beyond the dichotomy between arbuscular mycorrhizal-dominated versus ectomycorrhizal-dominated systems, we suggest a continuous shift in feedback loops, from 'high arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis-low defence-fast decomposition-inorganic nutrition' by evolutionarily ancient taxa to 'high ectomycorrhizal symbiosis-high defence-slow decomposition-organic nutrition' by more modern taxa. This 'acquisition-defence-decomposition' framework provides a foundation for testable hypotheses on multidimensional linkages between species' belowground strategies and ecosystem nutrient cycling in an evolutionary context.","['D018517', 'D038821', 'D013559', 'D014197', 'D019684']"
38906101,FilamentID reveals the composition and function of metabolic enzyme polymers during gametogenesis.,"Gamete formation and subsequent offspring development often involve extended phases of suspended cellular development or even dormancy. How cells adapt to recover and resume growth remains poorly understood. Here, we visualized budding yeast cells undergoing meiosis by cryo-electron tomography (cryoET) and discovered elaborate filamentous assemblies decorating the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. To determine filament composition, we developed a ""filament identification"" (FilamentID) workflow that combines multiscale cryoET/cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) analyses of partially lysed cells or organelles. FilamentID identified the mitochondrial filaments as being composed of the conserved aldehyde dehydrogenase Ald4ALDH2 and the nucleoplasmic/cytoplasmic filaments as consisting of acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase Acs1ACSS2. Structural characterization further revealed the mechanism underlying polymerization and enabled us to genetically perturb filament formation. Acs1 polymerization facilitates the recovery of chronologically aged spores and, more generally, the cell cycle re-entry of starved cells. FilamentID is broadly applicable to characterize filaments of unknown identity in diverse cellular contexts.","['D000444', 'D002467', 'D003066', 'D020285', 'D003593', 'D055032', 'D005718', 'D008540', 'D008928', 'D012441', 'D029701', 'D013172', 'D008958', 'D020836']"
38905279,Biological Characteristics of the Mycelium and Optimization of the Culture Medium for Phallus dongsun.,"This study aimed to elucidate the influence of various culture medium components, including carbon sources, nitrogen sources, inorganic salts, suspension agents, and temperature, on the mycelial growth characteristics of Phallus dongsun. Employing single-factor experiments and response surface methodology within glass Petri dishes, the research identified that carrot powder, soybean powder, and ZnSO4 notably enhanced the proliferation of aerial mycelium, significantly augmenting the growth rate of P. dongsun mycelium. The resultant mycelium was observed to be dense, robust, and fluffy in texture. In particular, ZnSO4 markedly accelerated the mycelium growth rate. Furthermore, xanthan gum was found to effectively modulate the medium's viscosity, ensuring a stable suspension and facilitating nutrient equilibrium. The optimal cultivation temperature was determined to be 25°C, with mycelial growth ceasing below 5°C and mycelium perishing at temperatures exceeding 35°C. The optimal medium composition was established as follows: wheat starch 5 g/l, carrot powder 5 g/l, soybean powder 7.50 g/l, glucose 10 g/l, ZnSO4 0.71 g/l, NH4Cl 0.68 g/l, xanthan gum 0.5 g/l, and agar 20 g/l. Under these optimized conditions, the mycelium of P. dongsun exhibited a rapid growth rate (1.04 ± 0.14 mm/day), characterized by a thick, dense, and well-developed structure. This investigation provides a theoretical foundation for the conservation, strain selection, and breeding of P. dongsun.","['D025282', 'D003470', 'D013696', 'D009584', 'D002244', 'D011135']"
38902632,Biological characteristics and metabolic phenotypes of different anastomosis groups of Rhizoctonia solani strains.,"Rhizoctonia solani is an important plant pathogen worldwide, and causes serious tobacco target spot in tobacco in the last five years. This research studied the biological characteristics of four different anastomosis groups strains (AG-3, AG-5, AG-6, AG-1-IB) of R. solani from tobacco. Using metabolic phenotype technology analyzed the metabolic phenotype differences of these strains.","['D012232', 'D010641', 'D014026', 'D010935', 'D013696', 'D025282', 'D018515', 'D014774']"
38893389,Material Composition Characteristics of Aspergillus cristatus under High Salt Stress through LC-MS Metabolomics.,"Aspergillus cristatus is a crucial edible fungus used in tea fermentation. In the industrial fermentation process, the fungus experiences a low to high osmotic pressure environment. To explore the law of material metabolism changes during osmotic pressure changes, NaCl was used here to construct different osmotic pressure environments. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) combined with multivariate analysis was performed to analyze the distribution and composition of A. cristatus under different salt concentrations. At the same time, the in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated. The LC-MS metabolomics analysis revealed significant differences between three A. cristatus mycelium samples grown on media with and without NaCl concentrations of 8% and 18%. The contents of gibberellin A3, A124, and prostaglandin A2 related to mycelial growth and those of arabitol and fructose-1,6-diphosphate related to osmotic pressure regulation were significantly reduced at high NaCl concentrations. The biosynthesis of energy-related pantothenol and pantothenic acid and antagonism-related fluvastatin, aflatoxin, and alternariol significantly increased at high NaCl concentrations. Several antioxidant capacities of A. cristatus mycelia were directly related to osmotic pressure and exhibited a significant downward trend with an increase in environmental osmotic pressure. The aforementioned results indicate that A. cristatus adapts to changes in salt concentration by adjusting their metabolite synthesis. At the same time, a unique set of strategies was developed to cope with high salt stress, including growth restriction, osmotic pressure balance, oxidative stress response, antioxidant defense, and survival competition.","['D001230', 'D055432', 'D002853', 'D000077323', 'D000975', 'D055442', 'D009997', 'D025282', 'D013058', 'D012965', 'D000097922', 'D013402']"
38892450,Comprehensive Insights into the Remarkable Function and Regulatory Mechanism of FluG during Asexual Development in Beauveria bassiana.,"Asexual development is the main propagation and transmission mode of Beauveria bassiana and the basis of its pathogenicity. The regulation mechanism of conidiation and the key gene resources for utilization are key links to improving the conidia yield and quality of Beauveria bassiana. Their clarification may promote the industrialization of fungal pesticides. Here, we compared the regulation of morphology, resistance to external stress, virulence, and nutrient utilization capacity between the upstream developmental regulatory gene fluG and the key genes brlA, abaA, and wetA in the central growth and development pathway. The results showed that the ΔbrlA and ΔabaA mutants completely lost the capacity to conidiate and that the ΔwetA mutant had seriously reduced conidiation capacity. Although the deletion of fluG did not reduce the conidiation ability as much as deletions of brlA, abaA, and wetA, it significantly reduced the fungal response to external stress, virulence, and nutrient utilization, while the deletion of the three other genes had little effect. Via transcriptome analysis and screening the yeast nuclear system library, we found that the differentially expressed genes in the ΔfluG mutants were concentrated in the signaling pathways of ABC transporters, propionate metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, DNA replication, mismatch repair, and fatty acid metabolism. FluG directly acted on 40 proteins that were involved in various signaling pathways such as metabolism, oxidative stress, and cell homeostasis. The analysis indicated that the regulatory function of fluG was mainly involved in DNA replication, cell homeostasis, fungal growth and metabolism, and the response to external stress. Our results revealed the biological function of fluG in asexual development and the responses to several environmental stresses as well as its influence on the asexual development regulatory network in B. bassiana.","['D052982', 'D015966', 'D005656', 'D012100', 'D013172', 'D014774', 'D020869', 'D013312', 'D059467']"
38891868,Transmission of Oyster Mushroom Spherical Virus to Progeny via Basidiospores and Horizontally to a New Host Pleurotus floridanus.,"Mycoviruses are usually transmitted horizontally via hyphal anastomosis and vertically through sporulation in natural settings. Oyster mushroom spherical virus (OMSV) is a mycovirus that infects Pleurotus ostreatus, with horizontal transmission via hyphal anastomosis. However, whether OMSV can be vertically transmitted is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the transmission characteristics of OMSV to progeny via basidiospores and horizontally to a new host. A total of 37 single-basidiospore offspring were obtained from OMSV-infected P. ostreatus and Pleurotus pulmonarius for Western blot detection of OMSV. The OMSV-carrying rate among monokaryotic isolates was 19% in P. ostreatus and 44% in P. pulmonarius. Then, OMSV-free and OMSV-infected monokaryotic isolates were selected for hybridization with harvested dikaryotic progeny strains. Western blot analyses of the offspring revealed that the OMSV transmission efficiency was 50% in P. ostreatus and 75% in P. pulmonarius, indicating vertical transmission via sexual basidiospores. Furthermore, we observed the horizontal transfer of OMSV from P. pulmonarius to Pleurotus floridanus. OMSV infection in P. floridanus resulted in significant inhibition of mycelial growth and yield loss. This study was novel in reporting the vertical transmission of OMSV through basidiospores, and its infection and pathogenicity in a new host P. floridanus.","['D020076', 'D013172', 'D000067148']"
38891082,Velvet Family Protein FpVelB Affects Virulence in Association with Secondary Metabolism in Fusarium pseudograminearum.,"Fusarium pseudograminearum causes destructive crown disease in wheat. The velvet protein family is a crucial regulator in development, virulence, and secondary metabolism of fungi. We conducted a functional analysis of FpVelB using a gene replacement strategy. The deletion of FpVelB decreased radial growth and enhanced conidial production compared to that of wild type. Furthermore, FpVelB modulates the fungal responses to abiotic stress through diverse mechanisms. Significantly, virulence decreased after the deletion of FpVelB in both the stem base and head of wheat. Genome-wide gene expression profiling revealed that the regulation of genes by FpVelB is associated with several processes related to the aforementioned phenotype, including ""immune"", ""membrane"", and ""antioxidant activity"", particularly with regard to secondary metabolites. Most importantly, we demonstrated that FpVelB regulates pathogen virulence by influencing deoxynivalenol production and modulating the expression of the PKS11 gene. In conclusion, FpVelB is crucial for plant growth, asexual development, and abiotic stress response and is essential for full virulence via secondary metabolism in F. pseudograminearum.","['D005670', 'D064210', 'D005656', 'D014774', 'D015966', 'D010935', 'D014908', 'D013312', 'D014255', 'D013172']"
38890525,The clock in growing hyphae and their synchronization in Neurospora crassa.,"Utilizing a microfluidic chip with serpentine channels, we inoculated the chip with an agar plug with Neurospora crassa mycelium and successfully captured individual hyphae in channels. For the first time, we report the presence of an autonomous clock in hyphae. Fluorescence of a mCherry reporter gene driven by a clock-controlled gene-2 promoter (ccg-2p) was measured simultaneously along hyphae every half an hour for at least 6 days. We entrained single hyphae to light over a wide range of day lengths, including 6,12, 24, and 36 h days. Hyphae tracked in individual serpentine channels were highly synchronized (K = 0.60-0.78). Furthermore, hyphae also displayed temperature compensation properties, where the oscillation period was stable over a physiological range of temperatures from 24 °C to 30 °C (Q10 = 1.00-1.10). A Clock Tube Model developed could mimic hyphal growth observed in the serpentine chip and provides a mechanism for the stable banding patterns seen in race tubes at the macroscopic scale and synchronization through molecules riding the growth wave in the device.","['D009492', 'D025301', 'D013696', 'D056656', 'D015966', 'D001683']"
38889465,Measurement and prediction of the detachment of Aspergillus niger spores in turbulent flows.,"Aspergillus niger (A. niger) spores can induce numerous health problems. Once the airflow-imposed drag force on an A. niger spore exceeds its binding force with the colony, the spore is detached. Turbulent flow may considerably increase the spore detachment. No method is currently available for prediction of the drag force on a spore and its detachment in turbulent flows. This investigation measured the turbulent velocities and detachment of A. niger colonies in a wind tunnel. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was employed to model an A. niger unit subjected to turbulent flow blowing. The top 1 % quantile instantaneous velocity of the turbulent flow was specified as the steady entry flow boundary condition for solving the peak velocity distribution and the peak drag forces onto spores. The predicted spore detachment ratios were compared with the measurement data for model validation. The results revealed that the spore detachment ratios with a turbulence intensity of 17 % to 20 % can be twice to triple the ratio with a turbulence intensity of approximately 1 %, when the average velocity for blowing remains the same. The proposed CFD model can accurately predict the detachment ratios of the A. niger spores. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: Some people are sensitive to the Aspergillus niger (A. niger) spores, and excessive exposure can cause nasal congestion, skin tingling, coughing, and even asthma. Turbulent flow can considerably increase the spore detachment, due to the increased airflow-imposed drag force on the spores during turbulence. This investigation developed a numerical model to solve for the peak velocity distribution and the peak drag forces onto spores in turbulent flows to predict the spore detachment. With the numerical tool, the airborne fungal spore concentrations would be predictable, which paves a way for intelligent and precise control of fungal aerosol pollution.","['D001234', 'D013172', 'D000391', 'D008962', 'D057446', 'D000392']"
38889144,Cytoplasmic fluidization contributes to breaking spore dormancy in fission yeast.,"The cytoplasm is a complex, crowded environment that influences myriad cellular processes including protein folding and metabolic reactions. Recent studies have suggested that changes in the biophysical properties of the cytoplasm play a key role in cellular homeostasis and adaptation. However, it still remains unclear how cells control their cytoplasmic properties in response to environmental cues. Here, we used fission yeast spores as a model system of dormant cells to elucidate the mechanisms underlying regulation of the cytoplasmic properties. By tracking fluorescent tracer particles, we found that particle mobility decreased in spores compared to vegetative cells and rapidly increased at the onset of dormancy breaking upon glucose addition. This cytoplasmic fluidization depended on glucose-sensing via the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A pathway. PKA activation led to trehalose degradation through trehalase Ntp1, thereby increasing particle mobility as the amount of trehalose decreased. In contrast, the rapid cytoplasmic fluidization did not require de novo protein synthesis, cytoskeletal dynamics, or cell volume increase. Furthermore, the measurement of diffusion coefficients with tracer particles of different sizes suggests that the spore cytoplasm impedes the movement of larger protein complexes (40 to 150 nm) such as ribosomes, while allowing free diffusion of smaller molecules (~3 nm) such as second messengers and signaling proteins. Our experiments have thus uncovered a series of signaling events that enable cells to quickly fluidize the cytoplasm at the onset of dormancy breaking.","['D013172', 'D012568', 'D003593', 'D014199', 'D005947', 'D017868', 'D029702', 'D015398']"
38886423,[Effects of mycorrhizal types on herbaceous species richness in forest ecosystem].,"Species richness plays an important role in ecosystem stability and health. Mycorrhizal type is an important factor affecting ecological processes. How mycorrhizal types affect understory herb species richness and their responses to environmental changes remain largely unknown. We investigated the effects of mycorrhizal types on species richness and their responses to environmental change in understory herbaceous communities based on data of three mycorrhizal types of dominated trees (including 1604 arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) trees, 4654 ectomycorrhiza (ECM) trees, and 5568 AM+ECM trees) and environmental factors in America. The results showed significant differences in species richness of herbaceous plant communities among different mycorrhizal types. Forests with higher dominance of AM plants tended to have higher herbaceous plant richness, supporting the mycorrhizal mediation hypothesis. The impacts of environmental factors (latitude, temperature, precipitation, nitrogen deposition, and soil characteristics) on species richness of herbaceous plant communities depended on mycorrhizal type of forests. The species richness of understory herbs in AM, ECM, and AM+ECM forests was mostly affected by nitrogen deposition, temperature, and soil pH, with the relative importance of 42.3%, 41.1% and 48.7%, respectively. Mycorrhizal types of dominant trees played a vital role in regulating the species richness of understory herbs and influenced their responses to environmental changes.","['D038821', 'D044822', 'D065928', 'D014197', 'D017753', 'D002681', 'D011157']"
38879328,"The fungal protease BbAorsin contributes to growth, conidiation, germination, virulence, and antiphytopathogenic activities in Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae).","The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the most destructive agricultural pests. The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) is a biopesticide widely used for biocontrol of various pests. Secreted fungal proteases are critical for insect cuticle destruction and successful infection. We have previously shown that the serine protease BbAorsin in B. bassiana has entomopathogenic and antiphytopathogenic activities. However, the contribution of BbAorsin to fungal growth, conidiation, germination, virulence and antiphytopathogenic activities remains unclear. In this study, the deletion (ΔBbAorsin), complementation (Comp), and overexpression (BbAorsinOE) strains of B. bassiana were generated for comparative studies. The results showed that ΔBbAorsin exhibited slower growth, reduced conidiation, lower germination rate, and longer germination time compared to WT and Comp. In contrast, BbAorsinOE showed higher growth rate, increased conidiation, higher germination rate and shorter germination time. Injection of BbAorsinOE showed the highest virulence against S. frugiperda larvae, while injection of ΔBbAorsin showed the lowest virulence. Feeding BbAorsinOE resulted in lower pupation and adult eclosion rates and malformed adults. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed no changes in the gut microbiota after feeding either WT or BbAorsinOE. However, BbAorsinOE caused a disrupted midgut, leakage of gut microbiota into the hemolymph, and upregulation of apoptosis and immunity-related genes. BbAorsin can disrupt the cell wall of the phytopathogen Fusarium graminearum and alleviate symptoms in wheat seedlings and cherry tomatoes infected with F. graminearum. These results highlight the importance of BbAorsin for B. bassiana and its potential as a multifunctional biopesticide.","['D052982', 'D000818', 'D014774', 'D005656', 'D018411', 'D013172', 'D007814', 'D057057', 'D010572', 'D005670']"
38879325,Berberine hydrochloride delays citrus sour rot mainly by disrupting carbohydrate and energy metabolism of Geotrichum citri-aurantii spores.,"Citrus sour rot is a common postharvest citrus disease caused by Geotrichum citri-aurantiiti, which has led to enormous economic losses, particularly during rainy seasons. In this study, we aimed to clarify the impact of berberine hydrochloride (BH), the hydrochloride form of an isoquinoline alkaloid, on the control efficiency of citrus sour rot and its antifungal mode against G. citri-aurantii. Results demonstrated that BH markedly impede the propagation of G. citri-aurantii by delaying the spores development from dormant stage into swollen and germinating stages, with the MIC and MFC value of 0.08 and 0.16 g L-1, respectively. When the artificially inoculated citrus fruit in control group were totally rotted, the disease incidence of BH-treated groups decreased by 35.00%-73.30%, which effectively delayed the disease progression and almost did not negatively affect fruit quality. SEM observation, CFW and PI staining images revealed that BH caused significant damage to both the cell membrane and cell wall of G. citri-aurantii spores, whereas only the cell membrane of the mycelium was affected. The impact of cell wall was related to the block of chitin and β-1,3-glucan synthesis. Transcriptome results and further verification proved that 0.5 × MIC BH treatment affected the glycolysis pathway and TCA cycle mainly by inhibiting the production of acetyl-CoA and pyruvate. Subsequently, the activities of key enzymes declined, resulting in a further decrease in ATP levels, ultimately inhibiting the germination of spores. In conlusion, BH delays citrus sour rot mainly by disrupting carbohydrate and energy metabolism of G. citri-aurantii spores.","['D002957', 'D005848', 'D010935', 'D001599', 'D004734', 'D013172', 'D050260', 'D005659']"
38879028,A cascade approach to sustainable agriculture: From mushroom mycelium to lettuce harvest.,"Sustainable agriculture involves adopting best practices in food production to promote environmental and economic sustainability. Its implementation primarily aims to utilise organic residues to increase yield, diversify production, and reduce costs. In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate different substrates for Hypsizygus ulmarius production and, from its residual substrate, to develop formulations for lettuce seedling growth and subsequent greenhouse cultivation. For mushroom production, substrates were prepared from sawdust with the addition of wheat bran, rice bran, soybean meal, and calcite, resulting in four distinct substrate formulations. The spent mushroom substrate (SMS), obtained at the end of cultivation, was used for lettuce seedling production along with the commercial substrate Carolina Soil® and the soil conditioner BacSol®. The top five formulations were selected for transplanting in the greenhouse. Regarding mushroom production, substrates with higher carbon/nitrogen ratios, around 66: 1, resulted in higher yields. For seedling production, SMS showed lower efficiency compared to the commercial substrate Carolina Soil®, which also benefited from the addition of the soil conditioner BacSol®. However, after transplanting lettuce seedlings, the formulation containing SMS showed superior results in almost all evaluated parameters. Therefore, we concluded that despite the inefficiency of using H.ulmarius SMS for lettuce seedling production, it favours the establishment of seedlings in greenhouse cultivation environments.","['D018545', 'D000383', 'D000363', 'D025282', 'D036226', 'D000076502', 'D012987']"
38878128,Comprehensive investigations of 2-phenylethanol production by the filamentous fungus Annulohypoxylon stygium.,"2-Phenylethanol (2-PE) is an aromatic compound with a rose-like fragrance that is widely used in food and other industries. Yeasts have been implicated in the biosynthesis of 2-PE; however, few studies have reported the involvement of filamentous fungi. In this study, 2-PE was detected in Annulohypoxylon stygium mycelia grown in both potato dextrose broth (PDB) and sawdust medium. Among the 27 A. stygium strains investigated in this study, the strain ""Jinjiling"" (strain S20) showed the highest production of 2-PE. Under optimal culture conditions, the concentration of 2-PE was 2.33 g/L. Each of the key genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae shikimate and Ehrlich pathways was found to have homologous genes in A. stygium. Upon the addition of L-phenylalanine to the medium, there was an upregulation of all key genes in the Ehrlich pathway of A. stygium, which was consistent with that of S. cerevisiae. A. stygium as an associated fungus provides nutrition for the growth of Tremella fuciformis and most spent composts of T. fuciformis contain pure A. stygium mycelium. Our study on the high-efficiency biosynthesis of 2-PE in A. stygium offers a sustainable solution by utilizing the spent compost of T. fuciformis and provides an alternative option for the production of natural 2-PE. KEY POINTS: • Annulohypoxylon stygium can produce high concentration of 2-phenylethanol. • The pathways of 2-PE biosynthesis in Annulohypoxylon stygium were analyzed. • Spent compost of Tremella fuciformis is a potential source for 2-phenylethanol.","['D010626', 'D003470', 'D025282', 'D012441', 'D010649']"
38877759,Mast seeding in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is associated with reduced fungal sporocarp production and community diversity.,"Mast seeding is a well-documented phenomenon across diverse forest ecosystems. While its effect on aboveground food webs has been thoroughly studied, how it impacts the soil fungi that drive soil carbon and nutrient cycling has not yet been explored. To evaluate the relationship between mast seeding and fungal resource availability, we paired a Swiss 29-year fungal sporocarp census with contemporaneous seed production for European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). On average, mast seeding was associated with a 55% reduction in sporocarp production and a compositional community shift towards drought-tolerant taxa across both ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic guilds. Among ectomycorrhizal fungi, traits associated with carbon cost did not explain species' sensitivity to seed production. Together, our results support a novel hypothesis that mast seeding limits annual resource availability and reproductive investment in soil fungi, creating an ecosystem 'rhythm' to forest processes that is synchronized above- and belowground.","['D029964', 'D038821', 'D044822', 'D012988', 'D012639', 'D013557', 'D005658', 'D000072761']"
38877139,Live cell imaging of β-tubulin mRNA reveals spatiotemporal expression dynamics in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae.,"In filamentous fungi, microtubules are important for polar growth and morphological maintenance and serve as rails for intracellular trafficking. The molecular mechanisms associated with microtubules have been analyzed. However, little is known about when and where tubulin, a component of microtubules, is biosynthesized in multinuclear and multicellular filamentous fungi. In this study, we visualized microtubules based on the enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP)-labeled α-tubulin and β-tubulin mRNA tagged by the EGFP-mediated MS2 system in living yellow Koji mold Aspergillus oryzae cells in order to understand the spatiotemporal production mechanism of tubulin. We found that mRNA of btuA, encoding for β-tubulin, localized at dot-like structures through the apical, middle and basal regions of the hyphal cells. In addition, some btuA mRNA dots showed microtubule-dependent motor protein-like dynamics in the cells. Furthermore, it was found that btuA mRNA dots were decreased in the cytoplasm just before mitosis but increased immediately after mitosis, followed by a gradual decrease. In summary, the localization and abundance of β-tubulin mRNA is spatiotemporally regulated in living A. oryzae hyphal cells.","['D001236', 'D014404', 'D012333', 'D008870', 'D025301', 'D049452', 'D015966', 'D005656']"
38876539,The chemotrophic behaviour of Aspergillus niger: Mapping hyphal filaments during chemo-sensing; the first step towards directed materials formation.,"In the development of fungal based materials for applications in construction through to biomedical materials and fashion, understanding how to regulate and direct growth is key for gaining control over the form of material generated. Here, we show how simple 'chemical food' cues can be used to manipulate the growth of fungal networks by taking Aspergillus niger as an exemplar species. Chemotrophic responses towards a range of nitrogen and carbon containing biomolecules including amino acids, sugars and sugar alcohols were quantified in terms of chemotrophic index (CI) under a range of basal media compositions (low and high concentrations of N and C sources). Growth of filamentous networks was followed using fluorescence microscopy at single time points and during growth by an AI analytical approach to explore chemo sensing behaviour of the fungus when exposed to pairs (C-C, C-N, N-N) of biomolecules simultaneously. Data suggests that the directive growth of A. niger can be controlled towards simple biomolecules with CI values giving a good approximation for expected growth under a range of growth conditions. This is a first step towards identifying conditions for researcher-led directed growth of hyphae to make mycelial mats with tuneable morphological, physicochemical, and mechanical characteristics.","['D001234', 'D025301', 'D003470', 'D009584', 'D002244', 'D000596', 'D008856']"
38876538,Yeasts volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as potential growth enhancers and molds biocontrol agents of mushrooms mycelia.,"Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by yeasts can positively affect crops, acting as antifungals or biostimulants. In this study, Aureobasidium pullulans and Metschnikowia pulcherrima were evaluated as potential antagonists of Trichoderma spp., common fungal pathogen in mushroom cultivation. To assess the biocontrol ability and biostimulant properties of the selected yeast species, in vitro co-culture and VOCs exposure assays were conducted. In both assays, VOCs produced by Aureobasidium spp. showed the stronger antifungal activity with a growth inhibition up to 30 %. This result was further confirmed by the higher volatilome alcohol content revealed by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME/GC-MS). Overall, Aureobasidium strains can be potentially used as biocontrol agent in Pleorotus ostreatus and Cyclocybe cylindracea mycelial growth, without affecting their development as demonstrated by VOCs exposure assay and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Conversely, M. pulcherrima was characterized by a lower or absent antifungal properties and by a volatilome composition rich in isobutyl acetate, an ester often recognized as plant growth promoter. As confirmed by FT-IR, Lentinula mycelia exposed to M. pulcherrima VOCs showed a higher content of proteins and lipids, suggesting an improvement of some biochemical properties. Our study emphasizes that VOCs produced by specific yeast strains are potentially powerful alternative to synthetic fungicide in the vegetative growth of mushroom-forming fungi and also able to modify their biochemical composition.","['D055549', 'D025282', 'D000363', 'D008401', 'D000935', 'D061046', 'D055163', 'D000898', 'D000084644', 'D014242', 'D052617']"
38876535,Physiological response of Metarhizium rileyi with linoleic acid supplementation.,"Metarhizium rileyi has a broad biocontrol spectrum but is highly sensitive to abiotic factors. A Colombian isolate M. rileyi Nm017 has shown notorious potential against Helicoverpa zea. However, it has a loss of up to 22 % of its conidial germination after drying, which limits its potential as a biocontrol agent and further commercialization. Conidial desiccation resistance can be enhanced by nutritional supplements, which promotes field adaptability and facilitates technological development as a biopesticide. In this study, the effect of culture medium supplemented with linoleic acid on desiccation tolerance in Nm017 conidia was evaluated. Results showed that using a 2 % linoleic acid-supplemented medium increased the relative germination after drying by 41 % compared to the control treatment, without affecting insecticidal activity on H. zea. Also, the fungus increased the synthesis of trehalose, glucose, and erythritol during drying, independently of linoleic acid use. Ultrastructural analyses of the cell wall-membrane showed a loss of thickness by 22 % and 25 %, in samples obtained from 2 % linoleic acid supplementation and the control, respectively. Regarding its morphological characteristics, conidia inner area from both treatments did not change after drying. However, conidia from the control had a 24 % decrease in length/width ratio, whereas there was no alteration in conidia from acid linoleic. The average value of dry conidia elasticity coefficient from linoleic acid treatment was 200 % above the control. Medium supplementation with linoleic acid is a promising fermentation strategy for obtaining more tolerant conidia without affecting production and biocontrol parameters, compatible solutes synthesis, or modifying its cell configuration.","['D052981', 'D019787', 'D013172', 'D003470', 'D000818', 'D003890', 'D010572', 'D003105', 'D009036']"
38876345,Seven-year long-term inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae increases maize yield and soil carbon storage evidenced by in situ 13C-labeling in a dryland.,"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish symbiotic relationships with roots of most plants, contributing to plant water uptake and soil carbon (C) sequestration. However, the interactive contribution and of long-term field AMF inoculation and water conservation on maize yield and soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in drylands remain largely unknown. After 7-year long-term field inoculation with AMF Funneliformis mosseae, AMF suppression by fungicide benomyl, and no-AMF/no-benomyl control, and two water conservation practices of half-film and full-film mulching (∼50 % and ∼100 crop planted area covered with plastic film), this study thus applied in situ 13CO2-C labeling and high-throughput sequencing to quantify newly photosynthetically assimilated C into different soil C pools including soil aggregates and respiration, and their effects on maize growth and productivity. Results showed that 7-year long-term AMF inoculation significantly increased the relative abundance of F. mosseae in rhizosphere soil and root AMF colonization, indicating that F. mosseae successfully dominated in AMF communities. Compared to no-AMF/no-benomyl control, AMF colonization significantly increased shoot biomass and maize yield by 17.9 % and 20.3 % while mitigated the less water conservation effects of half-film mulching on maize performance. The SOC content under field AMF inoculation SOC was increased from 7.9 to 8.4 g kg-1 and also the mean weight diameter of aggregates (1.21 to 1.35), e.g. aggregate stability. After 1 and/or 40 days 13C labeling, the enhanced 13C translocations into macro-aggregates with decreased 13C emissions from microbial decomposition under field AMF inoculation had contributed to SOC conservation in bulk soil. These results suggest that AMF inoculation in dryland crops is promising to increase crop yield while promoting more atmospheric CO2 fixation in soil aggregates. A long-term field AMF inoculation will enhance our understanding of applying beneficial mycorrhizal fungi to enhance soil C sequestration and also crop yield via plant-fixed atmospheric CO2 in semi-arid and arid farmlands.","['D003313', 'D038821', 'D012987', 'D002244', 'D012988', 'D055137', 'D002247', 'D057965', 'D018517']"
38870893,Streptomyces use umbrella toxins to gently compete with kin.,"In a recent issue of Nature, Zhao et al. have demonstrated that Streptomyces spp. produce ""umbrella""-shaped polymorphic toxin particles, a novel class of non-lethal toxins that gently inhibit competitors by arresting hyphal growth in closely related bacteria, unveiling a unique bacterial defense strategy in microbial ecological interactions.1.","['D013302', 'D001427', 'D000898', 'D025301', 'D056265']"
38870218,Hierarchical structure and chemical composition of complementary segments of the fruiting bodies of Fomes fomentarius fungi fine-tune the compressive properties.,"Humanity is often fascinated by structures and materials developed by Nature. While structural materials such as wood have been widely studied, the structural and mechanical properties of fungi are still largely unknown. One of the structurally interesting fungi is the polypore Fomes fomentarius. The present study deals with the investigation of the light but robust fruiting body of F. fomentarius. The four segments of the fruiting body (crust, trama, hymenium, and mycelial core) were examined. The comprehensive analysis included structural, chemical, and mechanical characterization with particular attention to cell wall composition, such as chitin/chitosan and glucan content, degree of deacetylation, and distribution of trace elements. The hymenium exhibited the best mechanical properties even though having the highest porosity. Our results suggest that this outstanding strength is due to the high proportion of skeletal hyphae and the highest chitin/chitosan content in the cell wall, next to its honeycomb structure. In addition, an increased calcium content was found in the hymenium and crust, and the presence of calcium oxalate crystals was confirmed by SEM-EDX. Interestingly, layers with different densities as well as layers of varying calcium and potassium depletion were found in the crust. Our results show the importance of considering the different structural and compositional characteristics of the segments when developing fungal-inspired materials and products. Moreover, the porous yet robust structure of hymenium is a promising blueprint for the development of advanced smart materials.","['D048690', 'D002686', 'D002473', 'D055453', 'D048271', 'D019245', 'D005936', 'D016062']"
38866707,Optimizing liquid fermentation for Wolfiporia cocos: gene expression and biosynthesis of pachymic acid and mycelial biomass.,"Wolfiporia cocos, a versatile fungus acclaimed for its nutritional and therapeutic benefits in Traditional Chinese Medicine, holds immense potential for pharmaceutical and industrial applications. In this study, we aimed to optimize liquid fermentation techniques and culture medium composition to maximize mycelial biomass (MB) yield, pachymic acid (PA) concentration, and overall PA production. Additionally, we investigated the molecular basis of our findings by quantifying the expression levels of genes associated with PA and MB biosynthesis using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Under the optimized fermentation conditions, significant results were achieved, with maximum MB reaching 6.68 g l-1, PA content peaking at 1.25 mg g-1, and a total PA yield of 4.76 g l-1. Notably, among the four examined genes, squalene monooxygenase, exhibited enhanced expression at 0.06 ratio under the optimized conditions. Furthermore, within the realm of carbohydrate-active enzymes, the glycoside hydrolases 16 family displayed elevated expression levels at 21 ratios, particularly during MB production. This study enhances understanding of genetic mechanism governing MB and PA production in W. cocos, highlighting the roles of squalene monooxygenase and glycoside hydrolases 16 carbohydrate-active enzymes.","['D000070660', 'D005285', 'D025282', 'D018533', 'D014315', 'D003470', 'D015966', 'D005656', 'D050603', 'D015870']"
38866480,Formation of Biogenic Manganese Oxide Nodules on Hyphae of a New Fungal Isolate of Periconia That Immobilizes Aqueous Copper.,"Mn(II)-oxidizing microorganisms are considered to play significant roles in the natural geochemical cycles of Mn and other heavy metals because the insoluble biogenic Mn oxides (BMOs) that are produced by these microorganisms adsorb other dissolved heavy metals and immobilize them as precipitates. In the present study, a new Mn(II)-oxidizing fungal strain belonging to the ascomycete genus Periconia, a well-studied plant-associating fungal genus with Mn(II)-oxidizing activity that has not yet been exami-ned in detail, was isolated from natural groundwater outflow sediment. This isolate, named strain TS-2, was confirmed to oxidize dissolved Mn(II) and produce insoluble BMOs that formed characteristic, separately-located nodules on their hyphae while leaving major areas of the hyphae free from encrustation. These BMO nodules also adsorbed and immobilized dissolved Cu(II), a model analyte of heavy metals, as evidenced by elemental mapping ana-lyses of fungal hyphae-BMO assemblages using a scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Analyses of functional genes within the whole genome of strain TS-2 further revealed the presence of multiple genes predicted to encode laccases/multicopper oxidases that were potentially responsible for Mn(II) oxidation by this strain. The formation of BMO nodules may have functioned to prevent the complete encrustation of fungal hyphae, thereby enabling the control of heavy metal concentrations in their local microenvironments while maintaining hyphal functionality. The present results will expand our knowledge of the physiological and morphological traits of Mn(II)-oxidizing Periconia, which may affect the natural cycle of heavy metals through their immobilization.","['D025301', 'D003300', 'D017895', 'D010087', 'D001203', 'D010084', 'D060587', 'D010802', 'D019015', 'D008855', 'D008345']"
38862481,Functional analysis of the Aspergillus fumigatus kinome identifies a druggable DYRK kinase that regulates septal plugging.,"More than 10 million people suffer from lung diseases caused by the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. Azole antifungals represent first-line therapeutics for most of these infections but resistance is rising, therefore the identification of antifungal targets whose inhibition synergises with the azoles could improve therapeutic outcomes. Here, we generate a library of 111 genetically barcoded null mutants of Aspergillus fumigatus in genes encoding protein kinases, and show that loss of function of kinase YakA results in hypersensitivity to the azoles and reduced pathogenicity. YakA is an orthologue of Candida albicans Yak1, a TOR signalling pathway kinase involved in modulation of stress responsive transcriptional regulators. We show that YakA has been repurposed in A. fumigatus to regulate blocking of the septal pore upon exposure to stress. Loss of YakA function reduces the ability of A. fumigatus to penetrate solid media and to grow in mouse lung tissue. We also show that 1-ethoxycarbonyl-beta-carboline (1-ECBC), a compound previously shown to inhibit C. albicans Yak1, prevents stress-mediated septal spore blocking and synergises with the azoles to inhibit A. fumigatus growth.","['D001232', 'D000818', 'D000935', 'D017346', 'D005656', 'D051379', 'D011505', 'D000097603', 'D001393', 'D001228', 'D008168', 'D013172', 'D005260']"
38860453,"Essential roles of Rad6 in conidial property, stress tolerance, and pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana.","Rad6 functions as a ubiquitin-conjugating protein that regulates cellular processes in many fungal species. However, its role in filamentous entomopathogenic fungi remains poorly understood. This study characterizes Rad6 in Beauveria bassiana, a filamentous fungus widely employed as a critical fungicide globally. The results demonstrate a significant association between Rad6 and conidial properties, heat shock response, and UV-B tolerance. Concurrently, the mutant strain exhibited heightened sensitivity to oxidative stress, cell wall interfering agents, DNA damage stress, and prolonged heat shock. Furthermore, the absence of Rad6 significantly extended the median lethal time (LT50) of Galleria mellonella infected by B. bassiana. This delay could be attributed to reduced Pr1 proteases and extracellular cuticle-degrading enzymes, diminished dimorphic transition rates, and dysregulated antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, the absence of Rad6 had a more pronounced effect on genetic information processing, metabolism, and cellular processes under normal conditions. However, its impact was limited to metabolism in oxidative stress. This study offers a comprehensive understanding of the pivotal roles of Rad6 in conidial and hyphal stress tolerance, environmental adaptation, and the pathogenesis of Beauveria bassiana.","['D052982', 'D000818', 'D013172', 'D005656', 'D018384', 'D014774', 'D013312', 'D009036', 'D044763', 'D018869', 'D025301']"
38858319,Optimizing conditions of mycelial inoculum immobilized in Ca-alginate beads: a case study in ectomycorrhizal fungus Astraeus odoratus.,"Ectomycorrhizal inoculum has emerged as a critical tool for forest restoration, especially under challenging climate change conditions. The inoculation of selective ectomycorrhizal fungi can enhance seedling survival and subsequent growth in the field. This study optimized the liquid media for mycelial growth of Astraeus odoratus strain K1 and the sodium alginate solution composition for enhanced mycelial viability after entrapment. Using Modified Melin-Norkrans as the optimal media for mycelial cultivation and 2% sodium alginate supplemented with Czapek medium, 0.25% activated charcoal, 5% sucrose, and 5% sorbitol in the alginate solution yielded the highest viability of A. odoratus mycelia. Preservation in distilled water and 10% glycerol at 25 °C for 60 days proved to be the most effective storage condition for the alginate beads. Both fresh and preserved alginate beads were tested for colonizing on Hopea odorata Roxb. seedlings, showing successful colonization and ectomycorrhizal root formation, with over 49% colonization. This study fills a crucial gap in biotechnology and ectomycorrhizal inoculum, paving the way for more effective and sustainable forest restoration practices.","['D000464', 'D038821', 'D025282', 'D003470', 'D036226']"
38856802,Expression analysis of genes involved in teliospores germination of Tilletia indica inciting Karnal bunt of wheat.,"Karnal bunt of wheat is an important quarantine disease, incited by Tilletia indica. It limits India's trade in wheat export. The teliospores are major source of inoculum to initiate and spread the Karnal bunt disease. The study aimed to identify the germination-related genes in the teliospores of T. indica.","['D014908', 'D010935', 'D013172', 'D018525', 'D020869', 'D001487', 'D011124', 'D019295']"
38852865,Spectroscopic detection of bioaerosols with the wibs-4+: Anthropogenic and meteorological impacts.,"This research builds upon a previous study that explored the potential of the modified WIBS-4+ to selectively differentiate and detect different bioaerosol classes. The current work evaluates the influence of meteorological and air quality parameters on bioaerosol concentrations, specifically pollen and fungal spore dynamics. Temperature was found to be the most influential parameter in terms of pollen production and release, showing a strong positive correlation. Wind data analysis provided insights into the potential geographic origins of pollen and fungal spore concentrations. Fungal spores were primarily shown to originate from a westerly direction, corresponding to agricultural land use, whereas pollen largely originated from a North-easterly direction, corresponding to several forests. The influence of air quality was also analysed to understand its potential impact on the WIBS fluorescent parameters investigated. Most parameters had a negative association with fungal spore concentrations, whereas several anthropogenic influences showed notable positive correlations with daily pollen concentrations. This is attributed to similar driving forces (meteorological parameters) and geographical origins. In addition, the WIBS showed a significant correlation with anthropogenic pollutants originating from combustion sources, suggesting the potential for such modified spectroscopic instruments to be utilized as air quality monitors. By combining all meteorological and pollution data along with WIBS-4+ channel data, a set of Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) analyses were completed. Successful results with R2 values ranging from 0.6 to 0.8 were recorded. The inclusion of meteorological parameters was dependent on the spore or pollen type being examined.","['D004784', 'D000336', 'D000393', 'D011058', 'D013172', 'D000397', 'D000391', 'D014919', 'D013057']"
38850454,Regulation of nitrogen utilization and mycotoxin biosynthesis by the GATA transcription factor AaAreA in Alternaria alternata.,"Alternaria alternata is a prevalent postharvest pathogen that generates diverse mycotoxins, notably alternariol (AOH) and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), which are recurrent severe contaminants. Nitrogen sources modulate fungal growth, development, and secondary metabolism, including mycotoxin production. The GATA transcription factor AreA regulates nitrogen source utilization. However, little is known about its involvement in the regulation of nitrogen utilization in A. alternata. To examine the regulatory mechanism of AaAreA on AOH and AME biosynthesis in A. alternata, we analyzed the impact of diverse nitrogen sources on the fungal growth, conidiation and mycotoxin production. The use of a secondary nitrogen source (NaNO3) enhanced mycelial elongation and sporulation more than the use of a primary source (NH4Cl). NaNO3 favored greater mycotoxin accumulation than did NH4Cl. The regulatory roles of AaAreA were further clarified through gene knockout. The absence of AaAreA led to an overall reduction in growth in minimal media containing any nitrogen source except NH4Cl. AaAreA positively regulates mycotoxin biosynthesis when both NH4Cl and NaNO3 are used as nitrogen sources. Subcellular localization analysis revealed abundant nuclear transport when NaNO3 was the sole nitrogen source. The regulatory pathway of AaAreA was systematically revealed through comprehensive transcriptomic analyses. The deletion of AaAreA significantly impedes the transcription of mycotoxin biosynthetic genes, including aohR, pksI and omtI. The interaction between AaAreA and aohR, a pathway-specific transcription factor gene, demonstrated that AaAreA binds to the aohR promoter sequence (5'-GGCTATGGAAA-3'), activating its transcription. The expressed AohR regulates the expression of downstream synthase genes in the cluster, ultimately impacting mycotoxin production. This study provides valuable information to further understand how AreA regulates AOH and AME biosynthesis in A. alternata, thereby enabling the effective design of control measures for mycotoxin contamination.","['D000528', 'D009183', 'D050980', 'D015966', 'D009584', 'D005656', 'D007783', 'D013172']"
38849313,Transcriptome analysis reveals the humic acids and chitosan suppressing Alternaria solani growth.,Understanding the inhibitory effects of natural organic substances on soil-borne pathogenic fungi and the relevant molecular mechanisms are highly important for future development of green prevention and control technology against soil-borne diseases. Our study elucidates the inhibitory effect of the combined application of humic acids (HAs) and chitosan on Alternariasolani and the light on the corresponding mechanism.,"['D048271', 'D006812', 'D020869', 'D000528', 'D000818', 'D059467', 'D013552', 'D008372', 'D012988', 'D025282']"
38848925,Untangling the effect that replacing Ethiopia's natural forests with exotic tree plantations has on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.,"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have a broad distribution and establish symbiotic relationships with vascular plants in tropical regions. They play a crucial role in enhancing plant nutrient absorption, mitigating pathogenic infections, and boosting the resilience of host plants to abiotic stresses, including drought under specific conditions. Many natural forests in Ethiopia are being replaced by monospecific plantations. However, the impact of these actions on AMF is unknown and, despite their ecological functions, AMF communities in various forest systems have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we assessed soil AMF communities in natural and plantation forests by DNA metabarcoding of the ITS2 rDNA region and assessed the influence of climate and environmental variables on the AMF community. In total, 193 AMF operational taxonomic units (OTUs), comprising nine families and 15 genera, were recorded. Glomerales was the dominant order (67.9 % of AMF OTUs) and Septoglomus fuscum, Diversispora insculpta, and Funneliformis mosseae were the dominant species. AMF were more abundant in natural forests than in plantation forests and the composition of AMF communities differed significantly from those of plantation forest. In plantation forests, soil pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus significantly influenced the composition of AMF communities, whereas in natural forest, electrical conductivity, annual rainfall, and cumulative rainfall before sample collection were significantly correlated with AMF. SIMPER analysis identified the AMF responsible for composition variances among different forest types, with the Glomeraceae family being the most significant contributor, accounting for nearly 60 % of the dissimilarity. Our findings further our understanding of the ecological niche function and the role of AMF in Ethiopia's natural forest systems and highlight the importance of prioritizing the sustainable development of degraded natural forests rather than plantations to ensure the preservation of habitats conducive to maintaining various AMF communities when devising conservation and management strategies.","['D038821', 'D005002', 'D065928', 'D012988', 'D014197', 'D012987']"
38848260,A new fossil species of Meliolinites Selkirk associated with Rhodoleia leaves from the Upper Pliocene of southwestern China.,"Fossil epifoliar fungi are valuable indicators of paleoenvironment and paleoecology. The Meliolaceae, members of which typically inhabit the surface of living plants as biotrophs or pathogens, is one of the largest groups of epifoliar fungi. In this study, we report a novel fossil species of Meliolinites Selkirk (fossil Meliolaceae), Meliolinites tengchongensis, on the lower epidermis of compressed fossil Rhodoleia (Hamamelidaceae) leaves from the Upper Pliocene Mangbang Formation of Tengchong, Yunnan, southwestern China. Meliolinites tengchongensis is characterized by web-like, superficial, brown to dark brown, septate, and branching mycelia bearing 2-celled appressoria and unicellular phialides. The fungal colonies also include ellipsoidal, 5-celled, 4-septate ascospores and dark brown perithecia with suborbicular outline and verrucose surface. The well-preserved vegetative and reproductive organs help us to explore the potential disease process of the new fossil species. Besides, the presence of fungal remains indicates that the fungal taxon might have maintained its host preference since at least the Late Pliocene. Furthermore, the occurrence of both fossil fungi and their host plants in Tengchong indicate a subtropical-tropical, warm, and humid climate during the Late Pliocene, whereas the distribution pattern of the fungi on the host leaves suggests that Rhodoleia may have been a part of the middle-upper canopies in the Tengchong Late Pliocene multilayered forest.","['D005580', 'D018515', 'D002681', 'D001203', 'D013172']"
38847769,"Molecular insights into fungal diversity reveal three novel species of Leucocoprinus from southern Punjab, Pakistan.","Three novel species of the genus Leucocoprinus, named Lc. cinnamomeodiscus, Lc. dahranwalanus, and Lc. iqbalii, are described from unexplored regions of southern Punjab, Pakistan, based on comprehensive analyses of morphoanatomical characteristics and molecular phylogenetic data. We provide illustrations of freshly collected basidiomata and detailed line drawings highlighting key anatomical features. The molecular phylogenetic analyses, which are based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and combined ITS-28S sequences, consistently position these newly described species within the genus Leucocoprinus. Additionally, this study also introduces new taxonomic combinations for previously reported Leucoagaricus species.","['D010154', 'D010802', 'D004271', 'D021903', 'D017422', 'D013172', 'D001487', 'D012339', 'D044822']"
38844388,Comparative metabolic profiling of the mycelium and fermentation broth of Penicillium restrictum from Peucedanum praeruptorum rhizosphere.,"Microorganisms in the rhizosphere, particularly arbuscular mycorrhiza, have a broad symbiotic relationship with their host plants. One of the major fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of Peucedanum praeruptorum is Penicillium restrictum. The relationship between the metabolites of P. restrictum and the root exudates of P. praeruptorum is being investigated. The accumulation of metabolites in the mycelium and fermentation broth of P. restrictum was analysed over different fermentation periods. Non-targeted metabolomics was used to compare the differences in intracellular and extracellular metabolites over six periods. There were significant differences in the content and types of mycelial metabolites during the incubation. Marmesin, an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of coumarins, was found in the highest amount on the fourth day of incubation. The differential metabolites were screened to obtain 799 intracellular and 468 extracellular differential metabolites. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis showed that the highly enriched extracellular metabolic pathways were alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. In addition, the enrichment analysis associated with intracellular and extracellular ATP-binding cassette transporter proteins revealed that some ATP-binding cassette transporters may be involved in the transportation of certain amino acids and carbohydrates. Our results provide some theoretical basis for the regulatory mechanisms between the rhizosphere and the host plant and pave the way for the heterologous production of furanocoumarin.","['D058441', 'D025282', 'D010407', 'D005285', 'D018517', 'D055442', 'D055432', 'D012988', 'D053858']"
38843310,Comparative genomics of the closely related fungal genera Cryptococcus and Kwoniella reveals karyotype dynamics and suggests evolutionary mechanisms of pathogenesis.,"In exploring the evolutionary trajectories of both pathogenesis and karyotype dynamics in fungi, we conducted a large-scale comparative genomic analysis spanning the Cryptococcus genus, encompassing both global human fungal pathogens and nonpathogenic species, and related species from the sister genus Kwoniella. Chromosome-level genome assemblies were generated for multiple species, covering virtually all known diversity within these genera. Although Cryptococcus and Kwoniella have comparable genome sizes (about 19.2 and 22.9 Mb) and similar gene content, hinting at preadaptive pathogenic potential, our analysis found evidence of gene gain (via horizontal gene transfer) and gene loss in pathogenic Cryptococcus species, which might represent evolutionary signatures of pathogenic development. Genome analysis also revealed a significant variation in chromosome number and structure between the 2 genera. By combining synteny analysis and experimental centromere validation, we found that most Cryptococcus species have 14 chromosomes, whereas most Kwoniella species have fewer (11, 8, 5, or even as few as 3). Reduced chromosome number in Kwoniella is associated with formation of giant chromosomes (up to 18 Mb) through repeated chromosome fusion events, each marked by a pericentric inversion and centromere loss. While similar chromosome inversion-fusion patterns were observed in all Kwoniella species with fewer than 14 chromosomes, no such pattern was detected in Cryptococcus. Instead, Cryptococcus species with less than 14 chromosomes showed reductions primarily through rearrangements associated with the loss of repeat-rich centromeres. Additionally, Cryptococcus genomes exhibited frequent interchromosomal translocations, including intercentromeric recombination facilitated by transposons shared between centromeres. Overall, our findings advance our understanding of genetic changes possibly associated with pathogenicity in Cryptococcus and provide a foundation to elucidate mechanisms of centromere loss and chromosome fusion driving distinct karyotypes in closely related fungal species, including prominent global human pathogens.","['D003454', 'D015825', 'D016681', 'D059785', 'D023281', 'D019143', 'D010802', 'D026801', 'D002503', 'D003453', 'D006801']"
38842723,Diversity study of Beauveria bassiana species for finding the most virulent strain to manage Bemisia tabaci in cotton.,"Beauveria bassiana (Bal.-Criv.) is an important entomopathogenic fungus being used for the management of various agricultural pests worldwide. However, all strains of B. bassiana may not be effective against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, or other pests, and strains show diversity in their growth, sporulation, virulence features, and overall bioefficacy. Thus, to select the most effective strain, a comprehensive way needs to be devised. We studied the diversity among the 102 strains of B. bassiana isolated from 19 insect species based on their physiological features, virulence, and molecular phylogeny, to identify promising ones for the management of B. tabaci. Strains showed diversity in mycelial growth, conidial production, and their virulence against B. tabaci nymphs. The highest nymphal mortality (2nd and 3rd instar) was recorded with MTCC-4511 (95.1%), MTCC-6289 (93.8%), and MTCC-4565 (89.9%) at a concentration of 1 × 106 conidia ml-1 under polyhouse conditions. The highest bioefficacy index (BI) was in MTCC-4511 (78.3%), MTCC-4565 (68.2%), and MTCC-4543 (62.1%). MTCC-4511, MTCC-4565, and MTCC-4543 clustered with positive loading of eigenvalues for the first two principal components and the cluster analysis also corresponded well with PCA (principal component analysis) (nymphal mortality and BI). The molecular phylogeny could not draw any distinct relationship between physiological features, the virulence of B. bassiana strains with the host and location. The BI, PCA, and square Euclidean distance cluster were found the most useful tools for selecting potential entomopathogenic strains. The selected strains could be utilized for the management of the B. tabaci nymphal population in the field through the development of effective formulations. KEY POINTS: • 102 B. bassiana strains showed diversity in growth and virulence against B. tabaci. • Bioefficacy index, PCA, and SED group are efficient tools for selecting potential strains. • MTCC-4511, 4565, and 4543 chosen as the most virulent strains to kill whitefly nymphs.","['D052982', 'D000818', 'D006430', 'D010802', 'D014774', 'D010572', 'D003368', 'D009758', 'D013172', 'D014644']"
38842336,"Phenotypic characterization of HAM1, a novel mating regulator of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.","Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen responsible for >200,000 yearly cases with a mortality as high as 81%. This burden results, in part, from an incomplete understanding of its pathogenesis and ineffective antifungal treatments; hence, there is a pressing need to understand the biology and host interactions of this yeast to develop improved treatments. Protein palmitoylation is important for cryptococcal virulence, and we previously identified the substrates of its main palmitoyl transferase. One of them was encoded by the uncharacterized gene CNAG_02129. In the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, a homolog of this gene named hyphal anastomosis protein 13 plays a role in proper cellular communication and filament fusion. In Cryptococcus, cellular communication is essential during mating; therefore, we hypothesized that CNAG_02129, which we named hyphal anastomosis protein 1 (HAM1), may play a role in mating. We found that ham1Δ mutants produce more fusion products during mating, filament more robustly, and exhibit competitive fitness defects under mating and non-mating conditions. Additionally, we found several differences with the major virulence factor, the polysaccharide capsule, that may affect virulence, consistent with prior studies linking virulence to mating. We observed that ham1Δ mutants have decreased capsule attachment and transfer but exhibit higher amounts of exopolysaccharide shedding and biofilm production. Finally, HAM1 expression is significantly lower in mating media relative to non-mating conditions, consistent with it acting as a negative regulator of mating. Understanding the connection between mating and virulence in C. neoformans may open new avenues of investigation into ways to improve the treatment of this disease.","['D003455', 'D005656', 'D014774', 'D003453', 'D037521', 'D049770', 'D010641', 'D015966', 'D000818', 'D025301', 'D051379']"
38840258,The community of root fungi is associated with the growth rate of Norway spruce (Picea abies).,"Our study delved into the relationship between root-associated fungi, gene expression and plant morphology in Norway spruce cuttings derived from both slow-and fast-growing trees. We found no clear link between the gene expression patterns of adventitious roots and the growth phenotype, suggesting no fundamental differences in the receptiveness to fungal symbionts between the phenotypes. Interestingly, saplings from slow-growing parental trees exhibited a higher richness of ectomycorrhizal species and larger roots. Some ectomycorrhizal species, typically found on mature spruces, were more prevalent on saplings from slow-growing spruces. The ericoid mycorrhizal fungus, Hyaloscypha hepaticola, showed a stronger association with saplings from fast-growing spruces. Moreover, saplings from slow-growing spruces had a greater number of Ascomycete taxa and free-living saprotrophic fungi. Aboveground sapling stems displayed some phenotypic variation; saplings from fast-growing phenotypes had longer branches but fewer whorls in their stems compared to those from the slow-growing group. In conclusion, the observed root-associated fungi and phenotypic characteristics in young Norway spruces may play a role in their long-term growth rate. This suggests that the early interactions between spruces and fungi could potentially influence their growth trajectory.","['D028222', 'D018517', 'D038821', 'D009664', 'D013559', 'D005658', 'D001203']"
38839219,Pseudomonas protegens volatile organic compounds inhibited brown rot of postharvest peach fruit by repressing the pathogenesis-related genes in Monilinia fructicola.,"Brown rot, caused by Monilinia fructicola, is considered one of the devasting diseases of pre-harvest and post-harvest peach fruits, restricting the yield and quality of peach fruits and causing great economic losses to the peach industry every year. Presently, the management of the disease relies heavily on chemical control. In the study, we demonstrated that the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of endophyte bacterial Pseudomonas protegens QNF1 inhibited the mycelial growth of M. fructicola by 95.35% compared to the control, thereby reducing the brown rot on postharvest fruits by 98.76%. Additionally, QNF1 VOCs severely damaged the mycelia of M. fructicola. RNA-seq analysis revealed that QNF1 VOCs significantly repressed the expressions of most of the genes related to pathogenesis (GO:0009405) and integral component of plasma membrane (GO:0005887), and further analysis revealed that QNF1 VOCs significantly altered the expressions of the genes involved in various metabolism pathways including Amino acid metabolism, Carbohydrate metabolism, and Lipid metabolism. The findings of the study indicated that QNF1 VOCs displayed substantial control efficacy by disrupting the mycelial morphology of M. fructicola, weakening its pathogenesis, and causing its metabolic disorders. The study provided a potential way and theoretical support for the management of the brown rot of peach fruits.","['D055549', 'D000068239', 'D005638', 'D010935', 'D011549', 'D001203', 'D025282', 'D060026']"
38837234,Rhizophagus irregularis and biochar can synergistically improve the physiological characteristics of saline-alkali resistance of switchgrass.,"Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) or biochar (BC) application can improve photosynthesis and promote plant growth under saline-alkali stress. However, little is known about the effects of the two combined on growth and physiological characteristics of switchgrass under saline-alkali stress. This study examined the effects of four treatments: (1) no AMF inoculation and no biochar addition (control), (2) biochar (BC) alone, (3) AMF (Rhizophagus irregularis, Ri) alone, and (4) the combination of both (BC+Ri) on the plant biomass, antioxidant enzymes, chlorophyll, and photosynthetic parameters of switchgrass under saline-alkali stress. The results showed that the above-ground, belowground and total biomass of switchgrass in the BC+Ri treatment group was significantly higher (+136.7%, 120.2% and 132.4%, respectively) than in other treatments compared with Control. BC+Ri treatment significantly increased plant leaves' relative chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and photosynthesis parameters. It is worth noting that the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, PSII efficiency and other photosynthetic-related indexes of the BC+Ri treatment group were the highest (38% to 54% higher than other treatments). The fitting results of light response and CO2 response curves showed that the light saturation point, light compensation point, maximum carboxylation rate and maximum electron transfer rate of switchgrass in the Ri+BC treatment group were the highest. In conclusion, biochar combined with Ri has potential beneficial effects on promoting switchgrass growth under saline-alkali stress and improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic characteristics of plants.","['D002606', 'D008897', 'D010788', 'D002734', 'D038821', 'D055137', 'D000468', 'D018533', 'D018515', 'D000975']"
38837067,Complete Genome Analyses of a Novel Flexivirus with Unique Genome Organization and Three Endornaviruses Hosted by the Mycorrhizal Fungus Terfezia claveryi.,"The extensive use of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) has significantly advanced and transformed our comprehension of virus diversity, especially in intricate settings like soil and biological specimens. In this study, we delved into mycovirus sequence surveys within mycorrhizal fungus species Terfezia claveryi, through employing HTS with total double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) extracts. Our findings revealed the presence of four distinct members from the Alsuviricetes class, one flexivirus designated as Terfezia claveryi flexivirus 1 (TcFV1) and three endornaviruses (TcEV1, TcEV2, and TcEV3) in two different T. claveryi isolates. TcFV1, a member of the order Tymovirales, exhibits a unique genome structure and sequence features. Through in-depth analyses, we found that it shares sequence similarities with other deltaflexiviruses and challenges existing Deltaflexiviridae classification. The discovery of TcFV1 adds to the genomic plasticity of mycoviruses within the Tymovirales order, shedding light on their evolutionary adaptations. Additionally, the three newly discovered endornaviruses (TcEV1, TcEV2, and TcEV3) in T. claveryi exhibited limited sequence similarities with other endornaviruses and distinctive features, including conserved domains like DEAD-like helicase, ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities (AAA ATPase), and RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), indicating their classification as members of new species within the Alphaendornavirus genus. In conclusion, this research emphasizes the importance of exploring viral diversity in uncultivated fungi, bridging knowledge gaps in mycovirus ecology. The discoveries of a novel flexivirus with unique genome organization and endornaviruses in T. claveryi broaden our comprehension of mycovirus diversity and evolution, highlighting the need for continued investigations into viral populations in wild fungi.","['D016679', 'D010802', 'D000067148', 'D038821', 'D012328', 'D012367', 'D059014', 'D001487']"
38831612,Effects of Antrodia cinnamomea solid culture mycelium by-products on growth performance and immune response in weaning black piglets.,"This study evaluated the effects of supplementation with Antrodia cinnamomea mycelium by-product (ACBP) on growth performance and immune response in weaning piglets. Total available content and antioxidant capacity of ACBP were determined. Ninety-six black pigs were randomly distributed to 24 pens. Study compared four groups which were supplemented with ACBP at 0%, 2.5%, 5%, or 10% for 6 weeks after weaning at 4 weeks. Results showed that ACBP on total phenolic, total flavonoid, and total triterpenoids contents were 13.68 mg GAE/g DW, 1.67 μg QE/g DW, and 15.6 mg/g, respectively. Weaning piglets fed 2.5% ACBP showed a significant decreased body weight gain compared with those supplemented with 5% ACBP, 10% ACBP, and control groups. Results showed that all ACBP groups increased the villi height of jejunum significantly. Incidence of diarrhea in 11 weeks with supplementation with 5% and 10% ACBP diets were lower than in control group. The 10% ACBP group showed significantly lower expression of immune response genes (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) than the 2.5% and 5% ACBP groups. Based on results, dietary supplementation with 10% ACBP did not significantly affect body weight but could decrease piglet diarrhea condition and expression of IL-1β and IL-6 genes.","['D000818', 'D014886', 'D013552', 'D019587', 'D025282', 'D015430', 'D004032', 'D000975', 'D000821', 'D003967', 'D014315', 'D015870', 'D016207', 'D007583', 'D010636', 'D000824', 'D013553', 'D020072']"
38829381,The essential role of aggregation for the emulsifying ability of a fungal CYS-rich protein.,"Biosurfactants are in demand by the global market as natural commodities suitable for incorporation into commercial products or utilization in environmental applications. Fungi are promising producers of these molecules and have garnered interest also for their metabolic capabilities in efficiently utilizing recalcitrant and complex substrates, like hydrocarbons, plastic, etc. Within this framework, biosurfactants produced by two Fusarium solani fungal strains, isolated from plastic waste-contaminated landfill soils, were analyzed. Mycelia of these fungi were grown in the presence of 5% olive oil to drive biosurfactant production. The characterization of the emulsifying and surfactant capacity of these extracts highlighted that two different components are involved. A protein was purified and identified as a CFEM (common in fungal extracellular membrane) containing domain, revealing a good propensity to stabilize emulsions only in its aggregate form. On the other hand, an unidentified cationic smaller molecule exhibits the ability to reduce surface tension. Based on the 3D structural model of the protein, a plausible mechanism for the formation of very stable aggregates, endowed with the emulsifying ability, is proposed. KEY POINTS: • Two Fusarium solani strains are analyzed for their surfactant production. • A cationic surfactant is produced, exhibiting the ability to remarkably reduce surface tension. • An identified protein reveals a good propensity to stabilize emulsions only in its aggregate form.","['D005670', 'D005656', 'D013501', 'D045703', 'D012988', 'D004655', 'D013500', 'D003545', 'D000069463', 'D025282']"
38827593,Hypersensitivity pneumonitis associated with inhalation of Lycoperdon spores (lycoperdonosis) in a 3-month-old English setter dog in Quebec.,"A 3-month-old female English setter dog was presented to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Université de Montréal (Quebec) with acute respiratory distress. The dog had moderately increased C-reactive protein concentrations, and thoracic radiographs revealed a moderate, caudodorsal, nodular-to-miliary alveolo-interstitial pulmonary pattern that was worse in the perihilar region. Initial differential diagnoses included a fungal pneumonia (e.g., blastomycosis or histoplasmosis). Cytology of the bronchoalveolar lavage revealed several round, green structures ~2 μm in diameter, consistent with fungal spores. The dog was hospitalized, but within 24 h the respiratory condition deteriorated and euthanasia was elected. Post-mortem panfungal PCR and sequencing tests identified the spores as Lycoperdon sp. Retrospectively, the owners recalled that the dog had played in a wood pile with mushrooms and had sneezed in a cloud of spores, implying inhalation of Lycoperdon spores. This is the first report of a confirmed case of canine lycoperdonosis in eastern Canada (Quebec), and the radiographic features in this case differed slightly from previous reports. Diagnosis before bronchoalveolar lavage analysis was challenging, as spore inhalation was not initially reported. Although the disease is infrequently reported in dogs, this case report reminds veterinarians to consider lycoperdonosis as a differential diagnosis when addressing animals presented with acute dyspnea with similar radiographic lesions, and highlights the importance of history and cytology in diagnosing this condition. Key clinical message: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis secondary to inhalation of Lycoperdon spores must be included in differential diagnoses for a dog with acute onset of respiratory signs and a nodular-to-miliary interstitial pulmonary pattern coalescing in patchy perihilar alveolar pulmonary lesions, and should prompt clinicians to question owners regarding inhalation of mushroom spores.Although cytological examination of a bronchoalveolar lavage reveals the presence of fungal spores, panfungal PCR and sequencing tests are needed to pinpoint the species involved.","['D000818', 'D004285', 'D004283', 'D005260', 'D000542', 'D013172', 'D011792']"
38824888,Community assembly of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in pure and mixed Pinus massoniana forests.,"Ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi play an important role in nutrient cycling and community ecological dynamics and are widely acknowledged as important components of forest ecosystems. However, little information is available regarding EcM fungal community structure or the possible relationship between EcM fungi, soil properties, and forestry activities in Pinus massoniana forests. In this study, we evaluated soil properties, extracellular enzyme activities, and fungal diversity and community composition in root and soil samples from pure Pinus massoniana natural forests, pure P. massoniana plantations, and P. massoniana and Liquidambar gracilipes mixed forests. The mixed forest showed the highest EcM fungal diversity in both root and bulk soil samples. Community composition and co-occurrence network structures differed significantly between forest types. Variation in the EcM fungal community was significantly correlated with the activities of β-glucuronidase and β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase, whereas non-EcM fungal community characteristics were significantly correlated with β-1,4-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase activities. Furthermore, stochastic processes predominantly drove the assembly of both EcM and non-EcM fungal communities, while deterministic processes exerted greater influence on soil fungal communities in mixed forests compared to pure forests. Our findings may inform a deeper understanding of how the assembly processes and environmental roles of subterranean fungal communities differ between mixed and pure plantations and may provide insights for how to promote forest sustainability in subtropical areas.","['D038821', 'D028223', 'D065928', 'D012988', 'D012987', 'D044822', 'D005658', 'D017753']"
38824820,The critical roles of the Zn2Cys6 transcription factor Fp487 in the development and virulence of Fusarium pseudograminearum: A potential target for Fusarium crown rot control.,"Fusarium crown rot (FCR) caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum poses a significant threat to wheat production in the Huang-Huai-Hai region of China. However, the pathogenic mechanism of F. pseudograminearum is still poorly understood. Zn2Cys6 transcription factors, which are exclusive to fungi, play pivotal roles in regulating fungal development, drug resistance, pathogenicity, and secondary metabolism. In this study, we present the functional characterization of a Zn2Cys6 transcription factor F. pseudograminearum, designated Fp487. In F. pseudograminearum, Fp487 is shown to be required for mycelial growth through gene knockout and phenotypic analyses. Compared with wild-type CF14047, the ∆Fp487 mutant displayed a slight reduction in growth rate but a significant decrease in conidiogenesis, pathogenicity and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3AcDON) production. Moreover, the mutant exhibited heightened sensitivity to oxidative and cytomembrane stress. Furthermore, we synthesized dsRNA from the Fp487 gene in vitro, resulting in a reduction in the growth rate of F. pseudograminearum and its virulence on barley leaves through spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS). Notably, this study makes the first instance of inducing the expression of abundant dsRNA from F. pseudograminearum by engineering the Escherichia coli strain HT115 (DE3) and utilizing the SIGS technique to evaluate the virulence effect of dsRNA on F. pseudograminearum. In conclusion, our findings revealed the crucial role of Fp487 in regulating pathogenicity, stress responses, DON production, and conidiogenesis in F. pseudograminearum. Furthermore, Fp487 is a potential RNAi-based target for FCR control.","['D005670', 'D010935', 'D014774', 'D005656', 'D014157', 'D015966', 'D001467', 'D013172', 'D014908', 'D018515', 'D055786', 'D002681', 'D025282', 'D020868']"
38824777,Invasion of Trifolium repens L. aggravated by biodegradable plastics: adjustable strategy for foraging N and P.,"The invasion of alien plant and the pollution caused by soil microplastics have emerged as significant ecological threats. Recent studies have demonstrated aggravating effect of non-biodegradable microplastics on plant invasion. However, the impact of biodegradable microplastics (BMPs) on plant invasion remains unclear. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the impact of BMPs on plant invasion. In this study, a 30-day potting experiment with Trifolium repens L. (an invasive plant) and Oxalis corniculata L. (a native plant) was conducted to evaluate the influence of BMPs on T. repens's invasion. The findings revealed that BMPs results in a reduction in available N and P contents, thereby facilitating the colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on T. repens 's roots. Consequently, T. repens adjusted its N and P foraging strategy by increasing P absorption ratio, and enhancing the accumulation of N and P in leaves. This ultimately led to the decrease of relative neighbor effect index of T. repens, indicating an aggravated invasion by T. repens. This study significantly enhances and expands the understanding of mechanisms by which microplastics aggravate plant invasion.","['D029921', 'D009584', 'D010758', 'D012989', 'D063566', 'D058865', 'D038821', 'D018517', 'D000080545', 'D018515', 'D001673']"
38823569,"Ganopyrone A, a highly rearranged lanostane triterpenoid with antimalarial activity from artificially cultivated fruiting bodies of Ganoderma colossus.","Three previously undescribed highly modified lanostane triterpenoids, ganopyrone A, ganocolossusin I, and ganodermalactone Y, were isolated from the artificially cultivated fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Ganoderma colossus TBRC-BCC 17711. Ganopyrone A possesses an unprecedented polycyclic carbon skeleton with an α-pyrone ring and C-18/C-23 bond. It showed antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum K1 (multidrug-resistant strain) with an IC50 value of 7.8 μM (positive control: dihydroartemisinin, IC50 1.4 nM), while its cytotoxicity (Vero cells) was much weaker (IC50 103 μM).","['D032902', 'D000962', 'D010963', 'D048690', 'D014315', 'D000818', 'D015394', 'D014709', 'D002522', 'D007810', 'D021261', 'D013329', 'D004305']"
38822535,Mycorrhizal associations relate to stable convergence in plant-microbial competition for nitrogen absorption under high nitrogen conditions.,"Nitrogen (N) immobilization (Nim, including microbial N assimilation) and plant N uptake (PNU) are the two most important pathways of N retention in soils. The ratio of Nim to PNU (hereafter Nim:PNU ratio) generally reflects the degree of N limitation for plant growth in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the key factors driving the pattern of Nim:PNU ratio across global ecosystems remain unclear. Here, using a global data set of 1018 observations from 184 studies, we examined the relative importance of mycorrhizal associations, climate, plant, and soil properties on the Nim:PNU ratio across terrestrial ecosystems. Our results show that mycorrhizal fungi type (arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi) in combination with soil inorganic N mainly explain the global variation in the Nim:PNU ratio in terrestrial ecosystems. In AM fungi-associated ecosystems, the relationship between Nim and PNU displays a weaker negative correlation (r = -.06, p < .001), whereas there is a stronger positive correlation (r = .25, p < .001) in EM fungi-associated ecosystems. Our meta-analysis thus suggests that the AM-associated plants display a weak interaction with soil microorganisms for N absorption, while EM-associated plants cooperate with soil microorganisms. Furthermore, we find that the Nim:PNU ratio for both AM- and EM-associated ecosystems gradually converge around a stable value (13.8 ± 0.5 for AM- and 12.1 ± 1.2 for EM-associated ecosystems) under high soil inorganic N conditions. Our findings highlight the dependence of plant-microbial interaction for N absorption on both plant mycorrhizal association and soil inorganic N, with the stable convergence of the Nim:PNU ratio under high soil N conditions.","['D038821', 'D009584', 'D012988', 'D012987', 'D010944', 'D017753']"
38820874,"Microplastic influences the ménage à trois among the plant, a fungal pathogen, and a plant growth-promoting fungal species.","Microplastics (MP) can influence a plethora of fungal species within the rhizosphere. Nevertheless, there are few studies on the direct impacts of MPs on soil fungi and their intricate interplay with plants. Here, we investigated the impact of polyethylene microspheres (PEMS) on the ecological interactions between Fusarium solani, a plant pathogenic fungus, and Trichoderma viride, a fungal plant growth promotor, within the rhizosphere of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). Spores of F. solani and T. viride were pre-incubated with PEMS at two concentrations, 100 and 1000 mg L-1. Mycelium growth, sporulation, spore germination, and elongation were evaluated. Tomato seeds were exposed to fungal spore suspensions treated with PEMS, and plant development was subsequently assessed after 4 days. The results showed that PEMS significantly enhanced the sporulation (106.0 % and 70.1 %) but compromised the spore germination (up to 27.3 % and 32.2 %) and radial growth (up to -5.2% and -21.7 %) of F. solani and T. viride, respectively. Furthermore, the 100 and 1000 mg L-1 concentrations of PEMS significantly (p<0.05) enhanced the mycelium density of T. viride (9.74 % and 22.30 %, respectively), and impaired the germ-tube elongation of F. solani after 4 h (16.16 % and 11.85 %, respectively) and 8 h (4 % and 17.10 %, respectively). In addition, PEMS amplified the pathogenicity of F. solani and boosted the bio-enhancement effect of T. viride on tomato root growth. Further, PEMS enhanced the bio-fungicidal effect of T. viride toward F. solani (p<0.05). In summary, PEMS had varying effects on F. solani and T. viride, impacting their interactions and influencing their relationship with tomato plants. It intensified the beneficial effects of T. viride and increased the aggressiveness of F. solani. This study highlights concerns regarding the effects of MPs on fungal interactions in the rhizosphere, which are essential for crop soil colonization and resource utilization.","['D018551', 'D005670', 'D013172', 'D000080545', 'D058441', 'D012988', 'D012989', 'D020959', 'D006999', 'D008863', 'D018517']"
38816458,"Global Spore Sampling Project: A global, standardized dataset of airborne fungal DNA.","Novel methods for sampling and characterizing biodiversity hold great promise for re-evaluating patterns of life across the planet. The sampling of airborne spores with a cyclone sampler, and the sequencing of their DNA, have been suggested as an efficient and well-calibrated tool for surveying fungal diversity across various environments. Here we present data originating from the Global Spore Sampling Project, comprising 2,768 samples collected during two years at 47 outdoor locations across the world. Each sample represents fungal DNA extracted from 24 m3 of air. We applied a conservative bioinformatics pipeline that filtered out sequences that did not show strong evidence of representing a fungal species. The pipeline yielded 27,954 species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Each OTU is accompanied by a probabilistic taxonomic classification, validated through comparison with expert evaluations. To examine the potential of the data for ecological analyses, we partitioned the variation in species distributions into spatial and seasonal components, showing a strong effect of the annual mean temperature on community composition.","['D000391', 'D013172', 'D004271', 'D005658', 'D044822']"
38815312,A new spectral simulating method based on near-infrared hyperspectral imaging for evaluation of antibiotic mycelia residues in protein feeds.,"Antibiotic mycelia residues (AMRs) contain antibiotic residues. If AMRs are ingested in excess by livestock, it may cause health problems. To address the current problem of unknown pixel-scale adulteration concentration in NIR-HSI, this paper innovatively proposes a new spectral simulation method for the evaluation of AMRs in protein feeds. Four common protein feeds (soybean meal (SM), distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), cottonseed meal (CM), and nucleotide residue (NR)) and oxytetracycline residue (OR) were selected as study materials. The first step of the method is to simulate the spectra of pixels with different adulteration concentrations using a linear mixing model (LMM). Then, a pixel-scale OR quantitative model was developed based on the simulated pixel spectra combined with local PLS based on global PLS scores (LPLS-S) (which solves the problem of nonlinear distribution of the prediction results due to the 0%-100% content of the correction set). Finally, the model was used to quantitatively predict the OR content of each pixel in hyperspectral image. The average value of each pixel was calculated as the OR content of that sample. The implementation of this method can effectively overcome the inability of PLS-DA to achieve qualitative identification of OR in 2%-20% adulterated samples. In compared to the PLS model built by averaging the spectra over the region of interest, this method utilizes the precise information of each pixel, thereby enhancing the accuracy of the detection of adulterated samples. The results demonstrate that the combination of the method of simulated spectroscopy and LPLS-S provides a novel method for the detection and analysis of illegal feed additives by NIR-HSI.","['D000900', 'D000821', 'D019265', 'D025282', 'D000081862', 'D004350', 'D016018']"
38815139,Design of Carboxymethylcellulose/Poloxamer-Based Bioformulation Embedding Trichoderma afroharzianum for Agricultural Applications.,"Microbial biological control agents are believed to be a potential alternative to classical fertilizers to increase the sustainability of agriculture. In this work, the formulation of Trichoderma afroharzianum T22 (T22) spores with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and Pluronic F-127 (PF-127) solutions was investigated. Rheological and microscopical analysis were performed on T22-based systems at three different CMC/PF-127 concentrations, showing that polymer aggregates tend to surround T22 spores, without viscosity, and the viscoelastic properties of the formulations were affected. Contact angle measurements showed the ability of PF-127 to increase the wettability of the systems, and the effect of the formulations on the viability of the spores was evaluated. The viability of the spores was higher over 21 days in all the formulations, compared to the control in water, at 4 and 25 °C. Finally, the effectiveness of the formulations on sweet basil was estimated by greenhouse tests. The results revealed a beneficial effect of the CMC/PF-127 mixture, but none on the formulation with T22. The data show the potential of CMC/PF-127 mixtures for the future design of microorganism-based formulations.","['D020442', 'D014242', 'D002266', 'D000383', 'D013172']"
38812277,Two lysin motif extracellular (LysMe) proteins are deployed in rice to facilitate arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.,"During arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, plant innate immunity is modulated to a prime state to allow for fungal colonization. The underlying mechanisms remain to be further explored. In this study, two rice genes encoding LysM extracellular (LysMe) proteins were investigated. By obtaining OsLysMepro:GUS transgenic plants and generating oslysme1, oslysme2 and oslysme1oslysme2 mutants via CRISPR/Cas9 technique, OsLysMe genes were revealed to be specifically induced in the arbusculated cells and mutations in either gene caused significantly reduced root colonization rate by AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. Overexpression of OsLysMe1 or OsLysMe2 dramatically increased the colonization rates in rice and Medicago truncatula. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay supported that OsLysMe genes are regulated by OsWRI5a. Either OsLysMe1 or OsLysMe2 can efficiently rescue the impaired AM phenotype of the mtlysme2 mutant, supporting a conserved function of LysMe across monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. The co-localization of OsLysMe proteins with the apoplast marker SP-OsRAmy3A implies their probable localization to the periarbuscular space (PAS) during symbiosis. Relative to the fungal biomass marker RiTEF, some defense-related genes showed disproportionately high expression levels in the oslysme mutants. These data support that rice plants deploy two OsLysMe proteins to facilitate AM symbiosis, likely by diminishing plant defense responses.","['D038821', 'D012275', 'D013559', 'D010940', 'D018506', 'D009154', 'D030821', 'D046913', 'D020816', 'D005110', 'D018517', 'D005658']"
38811885,Evolutionary history of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and genomic signatures of obligate symbiosis.,"The colonization of land and the diversification of terrestrial plants is intimately linked to the evolutionary history of their symbiotic fungal partners. Extant representatives of these fungal lineages include mutualistic plant symbionts, the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in Glomeromycota and fine root endophytes in Endogonales (Mucoromycota), as well as fungi with saprotrophic, pathogenic and endophytic lifestyles. These fungal groups separate into three monophyletic lineages but their evolutionary relationships remain enigmatic confounding ancestral reconstructions. Their taxonomic ranks are currently fluid.","['D038821', 'D013559', 'D010802', 'D023281', 'D019143', 'D016681', 'D055137', 'D010944']"
38810485,"The Arf-GAPs, AoAge1 and AoAge2, regulate diverse cellular processes, conidiation, trap formation, and secondary metabolism in Arthrobotrys oligospora.","Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins of the ADP ribosylation factor (Arf) family and their activating proteins (Arf-GAPs) are essential for diverse biological processes. Here, two homologous Arf-GAPs, Age1 (AoAge1) and Age2 (AoAge2), were identified in the widespread nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. Our results demonstrated that AoAge1, especially AoAge2, played crucial roles in mycelial growth, sporulation, trap production, stress response, mitochondrial activity, DNA damage, endocytosis, reactive oxygen species production, and autophagy. Notably, transcriptome data revealed that approximately 62.7% of the genes were directly or indirectly regulated by AoAge2, and dysregulated genes in Aoage2 deletion were enriched in metabolism, ribosome biogenesis, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and autophagy. Furthermore, Aoage2 inactivation caused a substantial reduction in several compounds compared to the wild-type strain. Based on these results, a regulatory network for AoAge1 and AoAge2 was proposed and verified using a yeast two-hybrid assay. Based on our findings, AoAge1 and AoAge2 are essential for vegetative growth and mycelial development. Specifically, AoAge2 is required for sporulation and trapping morphogenesis. Our results demonstrated the critical functions of AoAge1 and AoAge2 in mycelial growth, diverse cellular processes, and pathogenicity, offering deep insights into the functions and regulatory mechanisms of Arf-GAPs in nematode-trapping fungi.","['D013172', 'D005656', 'D001203', 'D064210', 'D015966', 'D017382', 'D001343', 'D025282', 'D020727', 'D000818', 'D059467', 'D014774', 'D004249', 'D020869']"
38809029,Recombinant Beauveria bassiana expressing Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cyt1Aa: a promising approach for enhancing Aedes mosquito control.,"The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana provides an eco-friendly substitute to chemical insecticides for mosquito control. Nevertheless, its widespread application has been hindered by its comparatively slow efficacy in eliminating mosquitoes. To augment the potency of B. bassiana against Aedes mosquitoes, a novel recombinant strain, Bb-Cyt1Aa, was developed by incorporating the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin gene Cyt1Aa into B. bassiana. The virulence of Bb-Cyt1Aa was evaluated against Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus using insect bioassays. Compared to the wild-type (WT) strain, the median lethal time (LT50) for A. aegypti larvae infected with Bb-Cyt1Aa decreased by 33.3% at a concentration of 1 × 108 conidia/mL and by 22.2% at 1 × 107 conidia/mL. The LT50 for A. aegypti adults infected with Bb-Cyt1Aa through conidia ingestion was reduced by 37.5% at 1 × 108 conidia/mL and by 33.3% at 1 × 107 conidia/mL. Likewise, the LT50 for A. aegypti adults infected with Bb-Cyt1Aa through cuticle contact decreased by 33.3% and 30.8% at the same concentrations, respectively. Furthermore, the Bb-Cyt1Aa strain also demonstrated increased toxicity against both larval and adult A. albopictus, when compared to the WT strain. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the expression of B. thuringiensis toxin Cyt1Aa in B. bassiana enhanced its virulence against Aedes mosquitoes. This suggests that B. bassiana expressing Cyt1Aa has potential value for use in mosquito control.","['D000818', 'D052982', 'D000330', 'D009032', 'D000083722', 'D006460', 'D001413', 'D004731', 'D010572', 'D007814', 'D001426', 'D014774', 'D013172', 'D007306']"
38806125,The trade-off regulation of arbuscular mycorrhiza on alfalfa growth dose-dependent on gradient Mo exposure.,"Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential nutrient for leguminous plants, but the effects of Mo exposure on plant growth, especially in relation to soil microorganisms, are not fully understood. This study employed alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to evaluate the physiochemical responses to gradient soil Mo variations and explore the potential regulatory role of rhizosphere microorganism - arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in modulating Mo's impact on plant physiology, with a focus on metabolic pathways. The results showed that Mo exerted hormetic effect (facilitation at low doses; inhibition at high doses) on alfalfa growth, promoting biomass (below 90.94 mg/kg, with a 63.98 % maximum increase), root length (below 657.11 mg/kg, with a 39.29 % maximum increase), and plant height (below 304.03 mg/kg, with an 18.4 % maximum increase). Excess Mo (1000 mg/kg) resulted in a reduction in photosynthesis and biomass growth due to increased oxidative stress (p < 0.05). Within the stimulatory zones, AMF enhanced Mo accumulation in alfalfa, augmenting its phytological effects. Exceed the stimulatory zones, AMF enhanced alfalfa Fe uptake and reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by excess Mo by shifting the redox homeostasis-controlled enzyme from peroxidase (POD) to superoxide dismutase (SOD), thereby improving alfalfa's tolerance to Mo. Metabolomic analysis further revealed that AMF promoted the biosynthesis of indole acetic acid (IAA) and various amino acids in Mo-stressed alfalfa (p < 0.05), which accelerated alfalfa growth and mitigated Mo-induced phytotoxicity. These insights provide a foundation for developing sustainable management strategies for Mo-exposed soils using AMF inoculants, such as minimizing Mo fertilizer application in Mo-deficient soils and facilitating the reclamation of Mo-contaminated soils.","['D000455', 'D038821', 'D008982', 'D012989', 'D012988', 'D018517']"
38805979,Grazing exclusion-induced changes in soil fungal communities in a highly desertified Brazilian dryland.,"Soil desertification poses a critical ecological challenge in arid and semiarid climates worldwide, leading to decreased soil productivity due to the disruption of essential microbial community processes. Fungi, as one of the most important soil microbial communities, play a crucial role in enhancing nutrient and water uptake by plants through mycorrhizal associations. However, the impact of overgrazing-induced desertification on fungal community structure, particularly in the Caatinga biome of semiarid regions, remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the changes in both the total fungal community and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community (AMF) across 1. Natural vegetation (native), 2. Grazing exclusion (20 years) (restored), and 3. affected by overgrazing-induced degradation (degraded) scenarios. Our assessment, conducted during both the dry and rainy seasons in Irauçuba, Ceará, utilized Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene sequencing via Illumina® platform. Our findings highlighted the significant roles of the AMF families Glomeraceae (∼71% of the total sequences) and Acaulosporaceae (∼14% of the total sequences) as potential key taxa in mitigating climate change within dryland areas. Moreover, we identified the orders Pleosporales (∼35% of the total sequences) and Capnodiales (∼21% of the total sequences) as the most abundant soil fungal communities in the Caatinga biome. The structure of the total fungal community differed when comparing native and restored areas to degraded areas. Total fungal communities from native and restored areas clustered together, suggesting that grazing exclusion has the potential to improve soil properties and recover fungal community structure amid global climate change challenges.","['D012988', 'D001938', 'D038821', 'D000072761', 'D005658', 'D012987', 'D057231', 'D003889', 'D044822', 'D004271', 'D012621', 'D017753']"
38805274,Climate mismatches with ectomycorrhizal fungi contribute to migration lag in North American tree range shifts.,"Climate change will likely shift plant and microbial distributions, creating geographic mismatches between plant hosts and essential microbial symbionts (e.g., ectomycorrhizal fungi, EMF). The loss of historical interactions, or the gain of novel associations, can have important consequences for biodiversity, ecosystem processes, and plant migration potential, yet few analyses exist that measure where mycorrhizal symbioses could be lost or gained across landscapes. Here, we examine climate change impacts on tree-EMF codistributions at the continent scale. We built species distribution models for 400 EMF species and 50 tree species, integrating fungal sequencing data from North American forest ecosystems with tree species occurrence records and long-term forest inventory data. Our results show the following: 1) tree and EMF climate suitability to shift toward higher latitudes; 2) climate shifts increase the size of shared tree-EMF habitat overall, but 35% of tree-EMF pairs are at risk of declining habitat overlap; 3) climate mismatches between trees and EMF are projected to be greater at northern vs. southern boundaries; and 4) tree migration lag is correlated with lower richness of climatically suitable EMF partners. This work represents a concentrated effort to quantify the spatial extent and location of tree-EMF climate envelope mismatches. Our findings also support a biotic mechanism partially explaining the failure of northward tree species migrations with climate change: reduced diversity of co-occurring and climate-compatible EMF symbionts at higher latitudes. We highlight the conservation implications for identifying areas where tree and EMF responses to climate change may be highly divergent.","['D038821', 'D057231', 'D014197', 'D009656', 'D013559', 'D065928', 'D044822', 'D017753']"
38802437,Interspecific selection in a diverse mycorrhizal symbiosis.,"Coevolution describes evolutionary change in which two or more interacting species reciprocally drive each other's evolution, potentially resulting in trait diversification and ecological speciation. Much progress has been made in analysis of its dynamics and consequences, but relatively little is understood about how coevolution works in multispecies interactions, i.e., those with diverse suites of species on one or both sides of an interaction. Interactions among plant hosts and their mutualistic ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) may provide an ecologically unique arena to examine the nature of selection in multispecies interactions. Using native genotypes of Monterey pine (Pinus radiata), we performed a common garden experiment at a field site that contains native stands to investigate selection from ECM fungi on pine traits. We planted seedlings from all five native populations, as well as inter-population crosses to represent intermediate phenotypes/genotypes, and measured seedling traits and ECM fungal traits to evaluate the potential for evolution in the symbiosis. We then combined field estimates of selection gradients with estimates of heritability and genetic variance-covariance matrices for multiple traits of the mutualism to determine which fungal traits drive plant fitness variation. We found evidence that certain fungal operational taxonomic units, families and species-level morphological traits by which ECM fungi acquire and transport nutrients exert selection on plant traits related to growth and allocation patterns. This work represents the first field-based, community-level study measuring multispecific coevolutionary selection in nutritional symbioses.","['D038821', 'D013559', 'D028223', 'D012641', 'D036226', 'D010641', 'D005838', 'D005075']"
38802389,Enhanced surface colonisation and competition during bacterial adaptation to a fungus.,"Bacterial-fungal interactions influence microbial community performance of most ecosystems and elicit specific microbial behaviours, including stimulating specialised metabolite production. Here, we use a co-culture experimental evolution approach to investigate bacterial adaptation to the presence of a fungus, using a simple model of bacterial-fungal interactions encompassing the bacterium Bacillus subtilis and the fungus Aspergillus niger. We find in one evolving population that B. subtilis was selected for enhanced production of the lipopeptide surfactin and accelerated surface spreading ability, leading to inhibition of fungal expansion and acidification of the environment. These phenotypes were explained by specific mutations in the DegS-DegU two-component system. In the presence of surfactin, fungal hyphae exhibited bulging cells with delocalised secretory vesicles possibly provoking an RlmA-dependent cell wall stress. Thus, our results indicate that the presence of the fungus selects for increased surfactin production, which inhibits fungal growth and facilitates the competitive success of the bacterium.","['D001412', 'D001234', 'D055666', 'D000222', 'D010456', 'D025301', 'D056265', 'D001426', 'D018920', 'D009154', 'D002473']"
38802124,Suppression of anthracnose disease by orsellinaldehyde isolated from the mushroom Coprinus comatus.,Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species is one of the most devastating diseases of fruits and crops. We isolated and identified an antifungal compound from the mushroom Coprinus comatus and investigated its inhibitory potential against anthracnose disease-causing fungi with the goal of discovering natural products that can suppress anthracnose-caused plant disease.,"['D020231', 'D010935', 'D003302', 'D001547', 'D000935', 'D005659', 'D013172']"
38801087,Biochemical Properties and Antithrombotic Effect of a Serine Protease Isolated from the Medicinal Mushroom Pycnoporus coccineus (Agaricomycetes).,"The purification of a fibrinolytic enzyme from the fruiting bodies of wild-growing medicinal mushroom, Pycnoporus coccineus was achieved through a two-step procedure, resulting in its homogeneity. This purification process yielded a significant 4.13-fold increase in specific activity and an 8.0% recovery rate. The molecular weight of P. coccineus fibrinolytic enzyme (PCFE) was estimated to be 23 kDa using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. PCFE demonstrated its optimal activity at a temperature of 40 °C and pH 8. Notably, the enzymatic activity was inhibited by the presence of zinc or copper metal ions, as well as serine protease inhibitors, such as phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and 4-amidinophenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride. PCFE exhibited remarkable specificity towards a synthetic chromogenic substrate for thrombin. The enzyme demonstrated the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km), maximal velocity (V ), and catalytic rate constant (Kcat) values of 3.01 mM, 0.33 mM min-1 μg-1, and 764.1 s-1, respectively. In vitro assays showed PCFE's ability to effectively degrade fibrin and blood clots. The enzyme induced alterations in the density and structural characteristics of fibrin clots. PCFE exhibited significant effects on various clotting parameters, including recalcification time, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, serotonin secretion from thrombin-activated platelets, and thrombin-induced acute thromboembolism. These findings suggest that P. coccineus holds potential as an antithrombotic biomaterials and resources for cardiovascular research.","['D005343', 'D057057', 'D000818', 'D055494', 'D008970', 'D048690', 'D006863', 'D013696', 'D006801', 'D005337', 'D005656']"
38801085,Effects of Outdoor-Grown Royal Sun Medicinal Mushroom Agaricus brasiliensis KA21 (Agaricomycetes) Fruiting Body on Canine Malassezia Dermatitis.,"Brazil-grown outdoor-cultivated Agaricus brasiliensis KA21 fruiting body (KA21) significantly increases the production of serum anti-beta-glucan antibody. Therefore, KA21 ingestion may be useful for the prevention and alleviation of fungal infections. This study aimed to determine the effects of KA21 in fungal infections in animals. KA21 was administered to nine dogs infected with Malassezia. Notably, the anti-beta-glucan antibody titer remained unchanged or tended to decrease in the oral steroid arm, whereas in the non-steroid arm, antibody titer increased in almost all animals after KA21 ingestion. Dogs showing improved clinical symptoms exhibited increased anti-beta-glucan antibody titers. The results of this study suggest that KA21 ingestion may alleviate the symptoms of Malassezia and other fungal infections and that continuous ingestion may help prolong recurrence-free intervals. Additionally, the ingestion of KA21 during oral steroid dosage reduction or discontinuation may enable smoother steroid withdrawal.","['D000818', 'D004285', 'D000364', 'D048690', 'D008290', 'D004283', 'D003881', 'D047071', 'D008297', 'D001938', 'D003872', 'D005260', 'D000908']"
38796652,"Characterization of Alternaria blotch disease of apple in Himachal Pradesh, India: insights on morphology, pathogenicity, and molecular features.","Alternaria blotch disease in Himachal Pradesh, India, caused by Alternaria spp., adversely affects apple cultivars, resulting in reduced fruit size and quality accompanied by premature leaf fall.","['D000528', 'D027845', 'D007194', 'D010935', 'D010802', 'D019105', 'D004271', 'D013172']"
38796258,The first evidence of saprophytic Tetraploa on Siwalik (Late Miocene) monocot leaf from western Himalaya and its role in palaeoecology reconstruction.,"Even though the records of Tetraploa spores from Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary strata along with spore-pollen assemblages are numerous and well documented, no foliicolus Tetraploa macroconidia have been reported to date. Here, we report the first occurrence of conidia assignable to modern Tetraploa Berk. & Broome (Tetraplosphaeriaceae: Pleosporales: Dothideomycetes) on cuticular fragments of compressed monocot leaf recovered from the middle Siwalik sediments (Late Miocene; 12-8 Ma) of Himachal Himalaya, India. We determine their taxonomic position based on detailed macromorphological comparison with similar modern and fossil taxa and discuss their palaeoecological significance in terms of the present-day ecological conditions of modern analogues. This finding also represents an essential data source for understanding Tetraploa's evolution and diversification in deep time.","['D018515', 'D005580', 'D007194', 'D013172', 'D001203', 'D010802', 'D019015']"
38796257,First report of fossil representative of Zygosporium mont. With stacked chained vesicular conidiophores from India.,"In the present manuscript, we describe and illustrate a novel foliicolous fossil-species of Zygosporium Mont. (Zygosporiaceae: Xylariales: Sordariomycetes) on compressed monocot leaf recovered from the Middle Siwalik sediments (Late Miocene) of Himachal Pradesh, western Himalaya. The new fossil-species characterized by macronematous, dark brown, unbranched or occasionally branched conidiophores with a chain of up to four integrated dark brown, curved, thick-walled, swollen, hook-like, alternately or sub-oppositely arranged vesicles is described here as Zygosporium himachalensis sp. nov. This is the first fossil evidence of Zygosporium having stacked chained vesicular conidiophores and is so significant data for both paleomycologists and mycologists. The in-situ occurrence of Z. himachalensis on monocot leaf cuticles suggests a possible host-saprophyte relationship that might have existed in the ancient forest of Himachal Pradesh during the Miocene.","['D007194', 'D005580', 'D001203', 'D013172', 'D018515']"
38792209,Structure Identification of Ganoderma lucidum Spore Polysaccharides and Their Antitumor Activity In Vivo.,"Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, valued for its nutritional and medicinal properties, contains polysaccharides crucial for its efficacy. However, the complex structural nature of these polysaccharides necessitates further investigation to fully realize their potential. This study aimed to investigate the effects of acid heat treatment on Ganoderma lucidum spore polysaccharides (GLSPs) to enhance their properties and application in antitumor activity. The GLSP was obtained via acid heat treatment, concentration, and centrifugal separation. This process led to a notable reduction in polysaccharide molecular weight, increasing water solubility and bioavailability. Analytical techniques including NMR spectroscopy and methylation analysis revealed a polysaccharide composition comprising four distinct monosaccharides, with molecular weights of 3291 Da (Mw) and 3216 Da (Mn). Six different linkage modes were identified, with a molar ratio of 1:5:2:3:4:3. In vivo experiments demonstrated the GLSP's significant inhibitory effect on the growth of four tumor models (sarcoma S180, Lewis lung cancer, liver cancer H22, and colon cancer C26) in mice, with no observed toxicity. These findings suggest the GLSP's potential as an antitumor therapeutic agent for clinical use.","['D000818', 'D020940', 'D051379', 'D013172', 'D000970', 'D011134', 'D062610', 'D045744', 'D008970']"
38790218,Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the PHT1 Gene Family and Its Response to Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Salvia miltiorrhiza under Phosphate Stress.,"Phosphorus (P) is a vital nutrient element that is essential for plant growth and development, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can significantly enhance P absorption. The phosphate transporter protein 1 (PHT1) family mediates the uptake of P in plants. However, the PHT1 gene has not yet been characterized in Salvia miltiorrhiza. In this study, to gain insight into the functional divergence of PHT1 genes, nine SmPHT1 genes were identified in the S. miltiorrhiza genome database via bioinformatics tools. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the PHT1 proteins of S. miltiorrhiza, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Oryza sativa could be divided into three groups. PHT1 in the same clade has a similar gene structure and motif, suggesting that the features of each clade are relatively conserved. Further tissue expression analysis revealed that SmPHT1 was expressed mainly in the roots and stems. In addition, phenotypic changes, P content, and PHT1 gene expression were analyzed in S. miltiorrhiza plants inoculated with AMF under different P conditions (0 mM, 0.1 mM, and 10 mM). P stress and AMF significantly affected the growth and P accumulation of S. miltiorrhiza. SmPHT1;6 was strongly expressed in the roots colonized by AMF, implying that SmPHT1;6 was a specific AMF-inducible PHT1. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the functional divergence and genetic redundancy of the PHT1 genes in response to P stress and AMF symbiosis in S. miltiorrhiza.","['D038821', 'D028061', 'D010940', 'D027561', 'D013559', 'D018506', 'D010802', 'D013312', 'D010710', 'D005810', 'D018517', 'D018745']"
38789584,Potential environmental impact of mycelium composites on African communities.,"The ecological and economic benefits of mycelium composites offer a promising opportunity for supporting sustainable development in Africa. This study focuses on assessing the environmental impact of mycelium composites for building and construction (MCBs) by conducting a life cycle assessment (LCA) in the context of Africa. It is demonstrated that the potential environmental impact of MCBs is substantially influenced by the use and source of electrical power for autoclaves, incubators, and ovens, making the culturing and post-processing phases the major environmental hotspots. The impact of MCB production is also relative to the energy mix of specific countries, being higher in countries that rely on fossil fuel energy (e.g., South Africa) and lower in those that rely more on renewable sources (e.g., Democratic Republic of the Congo, DRC). Furthermore, the impact of MCB production is found to be sensitive to travel distance, suggesting that situating production facilities closer to agricultural, agro-industrial, and/or forestry waste sources could be more beneficial than interregional sourcing, for example. It is also demonstrated that MCBs have the potential to be a more ecologically sustainable alternative to some conventional construction materials (e.g., concrete) over an entire life cycle. Based on the insights obtained from this LCA, some recommendations have been proposed to address potential environmental repercussions pre-emptively and proactively: this is particularly important for nations, mainly in the Global South, that exhibit low resilience to climate change due to limited economic resources. Furthermore, with the rapid expansion of mycelium composite technology, there is a need to increase awareness about its potential environmental impact and, ultimately, to mitigate its potential contribution to pressing environmental concerns (e.g., global warming and climate change). Consequently, this study also adds to the existing body of literature on LCA studies, delineating key factors for consideration in future LCA studies and providing guidance for the sustainable establishment and expansion of this technology.","['D025282', 'D000349', 'D003252', 'D004777', 'D000076502']"
38788920,Electron-transferring flavoprotein and its dehydrogenase contributed to growth development and virulence in Beauveria bassiana.,"Electron-transferring flavoprotein (Etf) and its dehydrogenase (Etfdh) are integral components of the electron transport chain in mitochondria. In this study, we characterize two putative etf genes (Bbetfa and Bbetfb) and their dehydrogenase gene Bbetfdh in the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Individual deletion of these genes caused a significant reduction in vegetative growth, conidiation, and delayed conidial germination. Lack of these genes also led to abnormal metabolism of fatty acid and increasing lipid body accumulation. Furthermore, the virulence of Bbetfs and Bbetfdh deletion mutants was severely impaired due to decreasing infection structure formation. Additionally, all deletion strains showed reduced ATP synthesis compared to the wild-type strain. Taken together, Bbetfa and Bbetfb, along with Bbetfdh, play principal roles in fungal vegetative growth, conidiation, conidial germination, and pathogenicity of B. bassiana due to their essential functions in fatty acid metabolism.","['D052982', 'D044927', 'D014774', 'D005656', 'D013172', 'D010088', 'D007506', 'D000587']"
38786361,Pathogen-microbiome interactions and the virulence of an entomopathogenic fungus.,"Bacteria shape interactions between hosts and fungal pathogens. In some cases, bacteria associated with fungi are essential for pathogen virulence. In other systems, host-associated microbiomes confer resistance against fungal pathogens. We studied an aphid-specific entomopathogenic fungus called Pandora neoaphidis in the context of both host and pathogen microbiomes. Aphids host several species of heritable bacteria, some of which confer resistance against Pandora. We first found that spores that emerged from aphids that harbored protective bacteria were less virulent against subsequent hosts and did not grow on plate media. We then used 16S amplicon sequencing to study the bacterial microbiome of fungal mycelia and spores during plate culturing and host infection. We found that the bacterial community is remarkably stable in culture despite dramatic changes in pathogen virulence. Last, we used an experimentally transformed symbiont of aphids to show that Pandora can acquire host-associated bacteria during infection. Our results uncover new roles for bacteria in the dynamics of aphid-pathogen interactions and illustrate the importance of the broader microbiological context in studies of fungal pathogenesis.","['D000818', 'D001042', 'D014774', 'D064307', 'D054884', 'D020091', 'D001419', 'D013559', 'D013172']"
38785924,"The Role of Cytokinins and Abscisic Acid in the Growth, Development and Virulence of the Pathogenic Fungus Stagonospora nodorum (Berk.).","Cytokinins (CKs) and abscisic acid (ABA) play an important role in the life of both plants and pathogenic fungi. However, the role of CKs and ABA in the regulation of fungal growth, development and virulence has not been sufficiently studied. We compared the ability of two virulent isolates (SnB and Sn9MN-3A) and one avirulent isolate (Sn4VD) of the pathogenic fungus Stagonospora nodorum Berk. to synthesize three groups of hormones (CKs, ABA and auxins) and studied the effect of exogenous ABA and zeatin on the growth, sporulation and gene expression of necrotrophic effectors (NEs) and transcription factors (TFs) in them. Various isolates of S. nodorum synthesized different amounts of CKs, ABA and indoleacetic acid. Using exogenous ABA and zeatin, we proved that the effect of these hormones on the growth and sporulation of S. nodorum isolates can be opposite, depends on both the genotype of the isolate and on the concentration of the hormone and is carried out through the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. ABA and zeatin regulated the expression of fungal TF and NE genes, but correlation analysis of these parameters showed that this effect depended on the genotype of the isolate. This study will contribute to our understanding of the role of the hormones ABA and CKs in the biology of the fungal pathogen S. nodorum.","['D000040', 'D003583', 'D001203', 'D014774', 'D015966', 'D010935', 'D014157', 'D015026', 'D013172', 'D005656']"
38783519,Apple-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis confers resistance to Fusarium solani by inducing defense response and elevating nitrogen absorption.,"Fusarium solani exerts detrimental effects on plant growth, which is one of the reasons for the incidence of apple replant disease. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhance plant resistance to Fusarium wilt; however, the mechanism remains poorly understood. Therefore, the present study investigated the symbiosis between apple and AMF and explored the physiology, especially nitrate metabolism, antioxidant defense, and photosynthetic performance, when infected by F. solani. The experiment was carried out with four treatments, namely -AMF - F. solani, -AMF + F. solani, -AMF + F. solani, and + AMF + F. solani. In this study, the -AMF + F. solani treatment increased the activity of enzymes associated with nitrogen metabolism, such as the nitrate and nitrite reductases, in the apple root system. The +AMF + F. solani treatment showed higher antioxidant enzyme activities than the -AMF + F. solani by F. solani infection. The apple seedlings of the +AMF + F. solani treatment decreased reactive oxygen accumulation and reduced the oxidative damages triggered by F. solani infection. The improvement in antioxidant capacity due to the +AMF + F. solani treatment was closely associated with the upregulation of genes related to the antioxidant system. The F. solani infection greatly damaged the photosynthetic process, while the +AMF + F. solani treatment significantly improved it compared to the -AMF + F. solani treatment. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that the apple-AMF symbiosis plays an active role in regulating the resistance against F. solani infection by enhancing defense response and nitrogen metabolism.","['D005670', 'D013559', 'D038821', 'D009584', 'D027845', 'D010935', 'D060467', 'D000975', 'D018517', 'D010788', 'D036226']"
38781787,Intricacies of plants' innate immune responses and their dynamic relationship with fungi: A review.,"The role of the plant innate immune system in the defense and symbiosis processes becomes integral in a complex network of interactions between plants and fungi. An understanding of the molecular characterization of the plant innate immune system is crucial because it constitutes plants' self-defense shield against harmful fungi, while creating mutualistic relationships with beneficial fungi. Due to the plant-induced awareness and their complexity of interaction with fungi, sufficient assessment of the participation of the plant innate immune system in ecological balance, agriculture, and maintenance of an infinite ecosystem is mandatory. Given the current global challenge, such as the surge of plant-infectious diseases, and pursuit of sustainable forms of agriculture; it is imperative to understand the molecular language of communication between plants and fungi. That knowledge can be practically used in diverse areas, e.g., in agriculture, new tactics may be sought after to try new methods that boost crop receptiveness against fungal pathogens and reduce the dependence on chemical management. Also, it could boost sustainable agricultural practices via enhancing mycorrhizal interactions that promote nutrient absorption and optimum cropping with limited exposure of environmental contamination. Moreover, this review offers insights that go beyond agriculture and can be manipulated to boost plant conservation, environmental restoration, and quality understanding of host-pathogen interactions. Consequently, this specific review paper has offered a comprehensive view of the complex plant innate immune-based responses with fungi and the mechanisms in which they interact.","['D005658', 'D010944', 'D007113', 'D010935', 'D057865', 'D054884', 'D013559', 'D000383', 'D038821', 'D017753']"
38780424,"Antiproliferative and Antibacterial Activity of Polyporoid Fungi from Veracruz, Mexico.","Polyporoid fungi represent a vast source of bioactive compounds with potential pharmacological applications. The importance of polyporoid fungi in traditional Chinese medicine has led to an extensive use of some species of Ganoderma for promoting health and longevity because their consumption is associated with several bioactivities. Nevertheless, bioactivity of some other members of the Polyporaceae family has also been reported. This work reports the antiproliferative and antibacterial activity of crude extracts obtained from fruiting bodies of polypore fungi collected from the central region of Veracruz, Mexico, aimed at understanding the diversity of polypore species with potential pharmacological applications. 29 collections were identified macro- and microscopically in 19 species of polyporoid fungi, belonging to 13 genera. The antiproliferative activity screening of extracts against solid tumor cell lines (A549, SW1573, HeLa, HBL-100, T-47D, WiDr) allow us to identify four extracts with strong bioactivity [half-maximal growth inhibition (GI50) ≤ 50 μg/mL]. After this, a phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences from the ITS region obtained from bioactive specimens allowed us to identify three extracts as Pycnoporus sanguineus (GI50 = ≤ 10 μg/mL) and the fourth bioactive extract as Ganoderma oerstedii (GI50 = < 50 μg/mL. Likewise, extracts from P. sanguineus showed mild or moderate antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Xanthomonas albilineas. Bioprospecting studies of polyporoid fungi add to the knowledge of the diversity of macrofungi in Mexico and allow us to select one of the bioactive P. sanguineus to continue the pursuit of bioactive compounds through mycochemical studies.","['D008800', 'D006801', 'D000900', 'D045744', 'D010802', 'D049109', 'D000970', 'D011124', 'D048690', 'D008826']"
38952317,"[Experimental study on the artificial infection of common freshwater snails with Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province].","To evaluate the potential risk of transmission of angiostrongyliasis by common freshwater snails in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, so as to provide insights into local surveillance of angiostrongyliasis.","['D000818', 'D012908', 'D002681', 'D017185', 'D017207', 'D051381', 'D005618', 'D007814', 'D017206']"
38951587,Seasonal environmental transitions and metabolic plasticity in a sea-ice alga from an individual cell perspective.,"Sea-ice microalgae are a key source of energy and nutrient supply to polar marine food webs, particularly during spring, prior to open-water phytoplankton blooms. The nutritional quality of microalgae as a food source depends on their biomolecular (lipid:protein:carbohydrate) composition. In this study, we used synchrotron-based Fourier transform infra-red microspectroscopy (s-FTIR) to measure the biomolecular content of a dominant sea-ice taxa, Nitzschia frigida, from natural land-fast ice communities throughout the Arctic spring season. Repeated sampling over six weeks from an inner (relatively stable) and an outer (relatively dynamic) fjord site revealed high intra-specific variability in biomolecular content, elucidating the plasticity of N. frigida to adjust to the dynamic sea ice and water conditions. Environmental triggers indicating the end of productivity in the ice and onset of ice melt, including nitrogen limitation and increased water temperature, drove an increase in lipid and fatty acids stores, and a decline in protein and carbohydrate content. In the context of climate change and the predicted Atlantification of the Arctic, dynamic mixing and abrupt warmer water advection could truncate these important end-of-season environmental shifts, causing the algae to be released from the ice prior to adequate lipid storage, influencing carbon transfer through the polar marine system.","['D012621', 'D046448', 'D001110', 'D057231', 'D058086', 'D017377', 'D017550', 'D010839']"
38951559,The potential climate benefits of seaweed farming in temperate waters.,"Seaweed farming is widely promoted as an approach to mitigating climate change despite limited data on carbon removal pathways and uncertainty around benefits and risks at operational scales. We explored the feasibility of climate change mitigation from seaweed farming by constructing five scenarios spanning a range of industry development in coastal British Columbia, Canada, a temperate region identified as highly suitable for seaweed farming. Depending on growth rates and the fate of farmed seaweed, our scenarios sequestered or avoided between 0.20 and 8.2 Tg CO2e year-1, equivalent to 0.3% and 13% of annual greenhouse gas emissions in BC, respectively. Realisation of climate benefits required seaweed-based products to replace existing, more emissions-intensive products, as marine sequestration was relatively inefficient. Such products were also key to reducing the monetary cost of climate benefits, with product values exceeding production costs in only one of the scenarios we examined. However, model estimates have large uncertainties dominated by seaweed production and emissions avoided, making these key priorities for future research. Our results show that seaweed farming could make an economically feasible contribute to Canada's climate goals if markets for value-added seaweed based products are developed. Moreover, our model demonstrates the possibility for farmers, regulators, and researchers to accurately quantify the climate benefits of seaweed farming in their regional contexts.","['D012624', 'D057231', 'D001955', 'D000383', 'D008962']"
38950022,"Plasmodium gametocyte carriage in humans and sporozoite rate in anopheline mosquitoes in Gondar zuria district, Northwest Ethiopia.","Although the overall burden of malaria is decreasing in Ethiopia, a recent report of an unpredictable increased incidence may be related to the presence of community-wide gametocyte-carrier individuals and a high proportion of infected vectors. This study aimed to reveal the current prevalence of gametocyte-carriage and the sporozoite infectivity rate of Anopheles vectors for Plasmodium parasites. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 01 to June 30/2019. A total of 53 households were selected using systematic random sampling and a 242 study participants were recruited. Additionally,515 adult female Anopheles mosquitoes were collected using Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps and mouth aspirators. Parasite gametocytemia was determined using giemsa stain microscopy, while sporozoite infection was determined by giemsa staining microscopy and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Among the total 242 study participants, 5.4% (95%, CI = 2.9-8.3) of them were positive for any of the Plasmodium species gametocyte. Furthermore, being female [AOR = 15.5(95%, CI = 1.71-140.39)], age group between 15-29 years old [AOR = 16.914 (95%, CI = 1.781-160.63)], no ITNs utilization [AOR = 16.7(95%, CI = 1.902 -146.727)], and high asexual parasite density [(95%, CI = 0.057-0.176, P = 0.001, F = 18.402)] were identified as statistically significant factors for gametocyte carriage. Whereas sporozoite infection rate was 11.6% (95%, CI = 8.2-15.5) and 12.7% (95%, CI = 9.6-16.3) by microscopy and ELISA, respectively. Overall, this study indicated that malaria remains to be an important public health problem in Gondar Zuria district where high gametocyte carriage rate and sporozoite infection rate could sustain its transmission and burden. Therefore, in Ethiopia, where malaria elimination program is underway, frequent, and active community-based surveillance of gametocytemia and sporozoite infection rate is important.","['D000818', 'D005002', 'D006801', 'D000852', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D034101', 'D000293', 'D055815', 'D008297', 'D003430', 'D000072138', 'D002648', 'D002675', 'D008288', 'D008875', 'D010961', 'D007223', 'D010963', 'D015995']"
38945565,Development of a lexicon for the sensory description of edible insects commercially available in Australia.,"Sensory lexicons provide an important tool for describing the sensory properties of emerging, unfamiliar foods such as edible insects. This study sought to establish and validate a sensory lexicon for the description and differentiation of edible insects commercially available in Australia and prepared using common preservation and cooking methods (freeze-drying, hot-air drying, roasting, sautéing and deep-frying). Five species were evaluated, including house crickets (Acheta domesticus), yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor), king mealworm larvae (Zophobas morio), tyrant ants (Iridomyrmex spp.) and green tree ants (Oecophylla smaragdina). Following generic descriptive sensory analysis methods, a trained panel (n=8) developed a sensory lexicon of 29 aroma and flavour descriptors, and 16 texture descriptors. Vocabulary were then categorised and ordered to generate a sensory wheel. Due to a lack of cross-over in sensory attributes between species, sub-categories of species-specific vocabulary were also generated for each insect. The lexicon enabled sensory profiling of commercially available edible insect samples which revealed large variation in aroma, flavour, and texture attributes due to both species and preparation method. This work provides a platform for development of a globally relevant edible insect sensory lexicon. International collaboration will enable expansion of the lexicon for use with other insect species and preparation methods, insect-derived ingredients (such as insect powder, defatted insect powder and textured insect protein) and in different cultural settings. As the industry grows, the applicability of vocabulary for differentiating within species and between competitive products should also be assessed.","['D000818', 'D000080702', 'D001315', 'D009812', 'D013712', 'D013649', 'D006135', 'D006801', 'D003296', 'D001000', 'D007814', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D013045', 'D008875']"
38943579,[Genome Stability of Bacillus velezensis after Two-Year Exposure in Open Space].,"Spore-forming bacteria have a unique resistance to negative environmental conditions, including aggressive space factors, and are an excellent model for studying adaptation mechanisms and survival strategies at the molecular level. The study analyzed the genome of Bacillus velezensis, which remained viable after a 2-year exposure in outer space on the outer surface of the ISS as part of the Test space experiment. A comparative analysis of the draft genomes of the exhibit strain and the ground control did not reveal significant changes; the average nucleotide identity was 99.98%, which indicates the ability of microorganisms to maintain genome stability in space conditions, due to both increased stress resistance of bacterial spores and efficient operation of the system of repair of accumulated changes. The study of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the genome of B. velezensis revealed nine point substitutions, three of which are in intergenic regions, six in protein-coding genes, three of them are missense mutations, two nucleotide deletions leading to a shift in the reading frame, and one synonymous substitution. The profiles of the housekeeping genes were determined during MLST typing and it was found that the allelic profiles obtained for B. velezensis T15.2 and 924 strains do not correspond to any of the previously described sequence types. The presented results indicate the ability of B. velezensis bacteria to maintain the viability of spores and the integrity of the genome for a long time under extreme conditions of outer space, which is important for the problem of planetary protection, as well as the potential possibility of performing biotechnological processes based on B. velezensis during space exploration.","['D001407', 'D042822', 'D016680', 'D020641', 'D013171', 'D058885']"
38943366,Diversity of soil fungi and entomopathogenic fungi in subtropical mountain forest in southwest China.,"Till now, the diversity of entomopathogenic fungi in subtropical mountain forest was less studied. Here, the vertical distribution of forest soil fungi, entomopathogenic fungi, and their environmental influencing factors in a subtropical mountain in western China were investigated. Soil samples were collected from four elevations in a subtropical forest in Shaanxi. The results indicated a greater richness of soil fungi at middle elevations and soil fungi were more even at low elevation. Soil pH, available iron, available potassium, total potassium, and available zinc were the most important influencing factors affecting this vertical distribution of fungi. Interestingly, the Isaria genus was predominant while Metarhizium and Beauveria showed decreasing abundance. The presence of Isaria showed a significant positive correlation with both total phosphorus and available iron, while, available zinc was negatively correlated. Metarhizium was influenced by elevation, pH, available phosphorus, and available copper and Beauveria was influenced by soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total potassium, available potassium, and available zinc. Overall, as environmental factors affecting soil fungi, elevation, and plant species diversity were less important than soil physical and chemical properties. The virulence of isolated entomopathogenic fungi were tested against larvae of Tenebrio molitor, with mortality ranging from 31.11% to 100%. The above findings provide valuable data to deepen our understanding of the diversity of entomopathogenic fungi in subtropical mountain forests.","['D002681', 'D012988', 'D065928', 'D000818', 'D005658', 'D012987', 'D044822', 'D013712', 'D007814', 'D011188', 'D006863']"
38942780,Limited impact of bacterial virulence on early mortality risk factors in Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia observed in a Galleria mellonella model.,"Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) has emerged as a major pathogen in vulnerable and severely ill patients. It remains unclear whether early mortality (EM) due to AB bacteremia is because of worse clinical characteristics of the infected patients or the virulence of the pathogen. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of AB virulence on EM due to bacteremia. This retrospective study included 138 patients with AB bacteremia (age: ≥ 18 years) who were admitted to a tertiary care teaching hospital in South Korea between 2015 and 2019. EM was defined as death occurring within 7 days of bacteremia onset. The AB clinical isolates obtained from the patients' blood cultures were injected into 15 Galleria mellonella larvae each, which were incubated for 5 days. Clinical isolates were classified into high- and low-virulence groups based on the number of dead larvae. Patients' clinical data were combined and subjected to multivariate Cox regression analyses to identify the risk factors for EM. In total, 48/138 (34.8%) patients died within 7 days of bacteremia onset. The Pitt bacteremia score was the only risk factor associated with EM. In conclusion, AB virulence had no independent effect on EM in patients with AB bacteremia.","['D006801', 'D040981', 'D016470', 'D000818', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000151', 'D014774', 'D012307', 'D000368', 'D012189', 'D008875', 'D009036', 'D056910', 'D000369', 'D007814', 'D004195', 'D000328']"
38942767,Time-course transcriptome data of silk glands in day 0-7 last-instar larvae of Bombyx mori (w1 pnd strain).,"Time-course transcriptome expression data were constructed for four parts of the silk gland (anterior, middle, and posterior parts of the middle silk gland, along with the posterior silk gland) in the domestic silkworm, Bombyx mori, from days 0 to 7 of the last-instar larvae. For sample preparation, silk glands were extracted from one female and one male larva every 24 hours accurately after the fourth ecdysis. The reliability of these transcriptome data was confirmed by comparing the transcripts per million (TPM) values of the silk gene and quantitative reverse transcription PCR results. Hierarchical cluster analysis results supported the reliability of transcriptome data. These data are likely to contribute to the progress in molecular biology and genetic research using B. mori, such as elucidating the mechanism underlying the massive production of silk proteins, conducting entomological research using a meta-analysis as a model for lepidopteran insect species, and exploring medical research using B. mori as a model for disease species by utilising transcriptome data.","['D012831', 'D000818', 'D007814', 'D059467', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D047011']"
38941016,Proteomics for Microalgae Extracts by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry.,"Two protocols of protein extraction from Arthrospira platensis (spirulina) microalgae to study their proteome by mass spectrometry (MS) are here presented. The first is based on an aqueous buffer solution of Tris-HCl and the second on cold acetone. The identification of proteins was carried out by a bottom-up approach, which involves enzymatic digestion of extracted proteins followed by either matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization with time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS or liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) and Fourier-transform tandem MS. While MALDI-TOF MS allowed for a fast peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) check yet identifying less than 20 proteins in the extracted samples, the data-dependent acquisitions (DDA) mode of reversed-phase (RP) LC-ESI tandem FTMS/MS separations allowed us to recognize more than one hundred proteins by searching into dedicated spectral libraries. The application of MALDI-TOF MS analysis was found, however, of great support for preliminary investigations of cyanobacteria samples before proceeding with the RPLC-ESI-MS/MS DDA investigation, which definitively allows for a qualitative proteome analysis also of minor spirulina proteins in processed foodstuffs. Although the protein content in spirulina can be influenced by cultivation and environmental conditions, e.g., light intensity, climate, and water/air quality, here the qualitative chemical profiles of the examined samples were characterized by similar composition in high-quality proteins as phycocyanins and phycoerythrins.","['D040901', 'D058086', 'D053545', 'D053719', 'D002853', 'D019032', 'D021241', 'D020543', 'D001426']"
38941009,Extraction of Proteins from Marine Microbial Communities Sampled by Lab Filters.,"A method for the recovery of whole-cell protein extracts from biomass on membrane filters is provided here. The protein extraction method is ideal for biomass captured by filtration of large water volumes, including seawater from marine environments. The protein extraction method includes both chemical disruption and physical disruption to lyse cells and release protein for subsequent metaproteomic analysis.","['D005374', 'D012623', 'D064307', 'D040901', 'D018533', 'D001426', 'D059001', 'D011506']"
38940640,Niche selection in bacterioplankton: A study of taxonomic composition and single-cell characteristics in an acidic reservoir.,"Niche selection and microbial dispersal are key factors that shape microbial communities. However, their relative significance varies across different environments and spatiotemporal scales. While most studies focus on the impact of these forces on community composition, few consider other structural levels such as the physiological stage of the microbial community and single-cell characteristics. To understand the relative influence of microbial dispersal and niche selection on various community structural levels, we concurrently examined the taxonomic composition, abundance and single-cell characteristics of bacterioplankton in an acidic reservoir (El Sancho, Spain) during stratification and mixing periods. A cluster analysis based on environmental variables identified five niches during stratification and one during mixing. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that communities within each niche differed in both, taxonomic and single-cell characteristics. The environmental variables that explained the variation in class-based ordination differed from those explaining the ordination based on single-cell characteristics. However, a Procrustes analysis indicated a high correlation between the CCA ordinations based on both structural levels, suggesting simultaneous changes in the microbial community at multiple structural levels. Our findings underscore the dominant role of environmental selection in occupying different microbial niches, given that microbial dispersal was not restricted.","['D001419', 'D010933', 'D013030', 'D064307', 'D017753', 'D059010', 'D044822', 'D010802']"
38939914,Chitinase Producing Gut-Associated Bacteria Affected the Survivability of the Insect Spodoptera frugiperda.,"Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a highly destructive maize pest that significantly threatens agricultural productivity. Existing control methods, such as chemical insecticides and entomopathogens, lack effectiveness, necessitating alternative approaches.","['D000818', 'D018411', 'D002688', 'D012336', 'D001419', 'D000069976', 'D016972', 'D007814', 'D010572', 'D041981']"
38938421,Centella asiatica extract ameliorates deoxygenation-induced neurological dysfunction in zebrafish larvae.,"Oxygen deprivation (OD) is a critical condition that can lead to brain damage and even death. Current hypoxia management approaches are limited in effectiveness. Centella asiatica (CA), known for its neuroprotective properties, offers a potential alternative for OD treatment.","['D000818', 'D015027', 'D028041', 'D010936', 'D007814', 'D014315', 'D019208', 'D018696', 'D010100', 'D005393', 'D000860']"
38937722,Functional validation of AaCaM3 response to high temperature stress in Amorphophallus albus.,"Amorphophallus is a perennial monocotyledonous herbaceous plant native to the southwestern region of China, widely used in various fields such as food processing, biomedicine and chemical agriculture. However, Amorphophallus is a typical thermolabile plant, and the continuous high temperature in summer have seriously affected the growth, development and economic yield of Amorphophallus in recent years. Calmodulin (CaM), a Ca2+ sensor ubiquitous in eukaryotes, is the most important multifunctional receptor protein in plant cells, which affects plant stress resistance by participating in the activities of a variety of signaling molecules. In this study, the key gene AaCaM3 for the Ca2+-CaM regulatory pathway was obtained from A. albus, the sequence analysis confirmed that it is a typical calmodulin. The qRT-PCR results demonstrated that with the passage of heat treatment time, the expression of AaCaM3 was significantly upregulated in A. albus leaves. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that AaCaM3 localized on the cytoplasm and nucleus. Meanwhile, heterologous transformation experiments have shown that AaCaM3 can significantly improve the heat tolerance of Arabidopsis under heat stress. The promoter region of AaCaM3 was sequenced 1,338 bp by FPNI-PCR and GUS staining assay showed that the promoter of AaCaM3 was a high-temperature inducible promoter. Yeast one-hybrid analysis and Luciferase activity reporting system analysis showed that the AaCaM3 promoter may interact with AaHSFA1, AaHSFA2c, AaHSP70, AaDREB2a and AaDREB2b. In conclusion, this study provides new ideas for further improving the signal transduction network of high-temperature stress in Amorphophallus.","['D002147', 'D010940', 'D017360', 'D018506', 'D018869', 'D006358', 'D007887', 'D030821', 'D013312', 'D011401']"
38937554,Marine heatwaves alter the nursery function of coastal habitats for juvenile Gulf of Alaska Pacific cod.,"Marine Heatwaves (MHWs) can directly influence survival of marine fishes, particularly for early life stages, including age-0 juveniles during their residence in coastal nursery habitats. However, the ability of nurseries to support high fish densities, optimize foraging and growth, and protect against predators may be altered during MHWs. Gulf of Alaska Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) larval, juvenile, and adult abundances declined dramatically following MHW events in 2014-2016 and 2019. To evaluate coastal nursery function during MHWs, we compared diet composition, recent growth, size, condition, and abundance of age-0 juveniles throughout their first summer before, during, and between MHWs. Diet shifted to larger prey during MHWs, particularly mysids, but diet did not appear to influence growth. We observed faster growth rates during MHWs, yet even when accounting for growth, we could not explain the higher body sizes observed in August during MHWs. Together with lower abundance and the near absence of small fish in the nursery by August during MHWs, these patterns highlight potential for size-selection and a reduced ability of nursery habitats to buffer against environmental variability during MHWs, with only a small number of large ""super survivors"" persisting through the summer.","['D000818', 'D017753', 'D000413', 'D048388', 'D007814', 'D012621', 'D049628']"
38935775,Determination of the anti-protozoal activity of medicinal agents using the phenomenon of plaque formation by Acanthamoeba spp.,"Representatives of the genus Acanthamoeba are among the most widespread protists in the environment. They have a ubiquitous distribution and can sometimes cause quite serious pathologies in humans. The treatment ofp rotozoal infections caused by free-living amoebae is currently limited and often unsuccessful. In the presented investigation, amebicidal activity was determined against both the trophozoites and cysts of Acanthamoeba spp., which were isolated during the microbiological examination of environmental objects. The inhibitory activity of drugs in vitro was determined using the authors' proposed method, which is based on the plaque formation phenomenon: this is initiated by free-living amoebae when cultured in agar containing the bacteria Cellulosimicrobium sp. strain bent-1. Based on a series of experimental studies, the paper proposes a reliable and inexpensive method for determining the anti-protozoal activity of medicinal agents, which will significantly complement the current screening method system when studying existing drugs, or new drugs during their development stage.","['D000048', 'D000981', 'D053058', 'D000563']"
38935719,Two teams supercharge gene spread in plants.,"First synthetic ""gene drive"" for plants could help tame weeds-or transform them.","['D000075423', 'D017343', 'D057685', 'D030821', 'D005813', 'D058728', 'D014170']"
38935454,Antibiotic resistance profiles of sentinel bacteria isolated from aquaculture in Cambodia.,"The misuse of antibiotics and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a concern in the aquaculture industry because it contributes to global health risks and impacts the environment. This study analyzed the AMR of sentinel bacteria associated with striped catfish (Pangasisanodon hypophthalmus) and giant snakehead (Channa micropeltes), the two main fish species reared in the pond culture in Cambodia. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the recovered isolates from fish, water, and sediment samples revealed the presence of bacteria, such as 22 species belonging to families Aeromonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae. Among 48 isolates, Aeromonas caviae (n = 2), Aeromonas hydrophila (n = 2), Aeromonas ichthiosmia (n = 1), Aeromonas salmonicida (n = 4) were detected. A. salmonicida and A. hydrophilla are known as fish pathogens that occur worldwide in both fresh and marine water aquaculture. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed antibiotic resistance patterns of 24 (50 %) isolates among 48 isolates with higher multiple antibiotic resistance index (> 0.2). All the isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin is a frontline antibiotic that is not recommended to use in aquaculture. Therefore, its use has to be strictly controlled. This study expands our knowledge of the AMR status in aquaculture farms which is very limited in Cambodia.","['D017756', 'D002160', 'D024881', 'D002397', 'D014871', 'D000072739', 'D010641', 'D005838', 'D044044', 'D004755', 'D011548', 'D057585', 'D016980', 'D002939', 'D000900', 'D005393', 'D016905', 'D004784']"
38932518,Northeast Atlantic species distribution shifts over the last two decades.,"Marine species are widely shifting their distributions in response to global changes and it is commonly expected they will move northward and to greater depths to reach cooler, less disturbed habitats. However, local manifestations of global changes, anthropogenic pressures, and species characteristics may lead to unanticipated and varied responses by individual species. In this regard, the Celtic-Biscay Shelf is a particularly interesting study system because it has historically been heavily fished and occurs at the interface between two distinct biogeographic provinces, its community thus comprised of species with diverse thermal preferenda. In the context of rapidly warming temperatures and intense fishery exploitation, we investigated the distribution shifts of 93 taxa (65 Actinopteri, 10 Elasmobranchii, 11 Cephalopoda, 5 Malacostraca, and 2 Bivalvia), which were sampled annually from 1997 to 2020 during a scientific bottom trawl survey. We used a set of 11 complementary spatial indices to quantify taxon distribution shifts over time. Then, we explored the relative effect of taxon abundance, fishing pressure, and climatic conditions on taxon's distribution shift when a significant shift was detected. We observed that 56% of the taxa significantly shifted. Not all taxa will necessarily shift northward and to deeper areas, as it is often expected. Two opposite patterns were identified: taxa either moving deeper and to the southeast, or moving closer to the surface and to the northwest. The main explanatory factors were climate change (short- and long-term temperatures) and taxon abundance. Fishing pressure was the third, but still significant, explanatory factor of taxa of greater commercial importance. Our research highlights that taxa are displaying complex distribution shifts in response to the combined anthropogenic disturbances and underscores the need to conduct regional studies to better understand these responses at the ecosystem scale to develop more suitable management plans and policies.","['D000818', 'D001267', 'D063147', 'D057231', 'D005398', 'D017753', 'D059001', 'D005399', 'D044822']"
38932270,Characterization of a Molecular Clone of Deformed Wing Virus B.,"Honey bees (Apis mellifera) play a crucial role in agriculture through their pollination activities. However, they have faced significant health challenges over the past decades that can limit colony performance and even lead to collapse. A primary culprit is the parasitic mite Varroa destructor, known for transmitting harmful bee viruses. Among these viruses is deformed wing virus (DWV), which impacts bee pupae during their development, resulting in either pupal demise or in the emergence of crippled adult bees. In this study, we focused on DWV master variant B. DWV-B prevalence has risen sharply in recent decades and appears to be outcompeting variant A of DWV. We generated a molecular clone of a typical DWV-B strain to compare it with our established DWV-A clone, examining RNA replication, protein expression, and virulence. Initially, we analyzed the genome using RACE-PCR and RT-PCR techniques. Subsequently, we conducted full-genome RT-PCR and inserted the complete viral cDNA into a bacterial plasmid backbone. Phylogenetic comparisons with available full-length sequences were performed, followed by functional analyses using a live bee pupae model. Upon the transfection of in vitro-transcribed RNA, bee pupae exhibited symptoms of DWV infection, with detectable viral protein expression and stable RNA replication observed in subsequent virus passages. The DWV-B clone displayed a lower virulence compared to the DWV-A clone after the transfection of synthetic RNA, as evidenced by a reduced pupal mortality rate of only 20% compared to 80% in the case of DWV-A and a lack of malformations in 50% of the emerging bees. Comparable results were observed in experiments with low infection doses of the passaged virus clones. In these tests, 90% of bees infected with DWV-B showed no clinical symptoms, while 100% of pupae infected with DWV-A died. However, at high infection doses, both DWV-A and DWV-B caused mortality rates exceeding 90%. Taken together, we have generated an authentic virus clone of DWV-B and characterized it in animal experiments.","['D000818', 'D001516', 'D012328', 'D010802', 'D016679', 'D014779', 'D011679', 'D014774', 'D057077', 'D012367']"
38932122,Development of a Fully Protective Pandemic Avian Influenza Subunit Vaccine in Insect Pupae.,"In this study, we pioneered an alternative technology for manufacturing subunit influenza hemagglutinin (HA)-based vaccines. This innovative method involves harnessing the pupae of the Lepidoptera Trichoplusia ni (T. ni) as natural biofactories in combination with baculovirus vectors (using CrisBio® technology). We engineered recombinant baculoviruses encoding two versions of the HA protein (trimeric or monomeric) derived from a pandemic avian H7N1 virus A strain (A/chicken/Italy/5093/99). These were then used to infect T. ni pupae, resulting in the production of the desired recombinant antigens. The obtained HA proteins were purified using affinity chromatography, consistently yielding approximately 75 mg/L of insect extract. The vaccine antigen effectively immunized poultry, which were subsequently challenged with a virulent H7N1 avian influenza virus. Following infection, all vaccinated animals survived without displaying any clinical symptoms, while none of the mock-vaccinated control animals survived. The CrisBio®-derived antigens induced high titers of HA-specific antibodies in the vaccinated poultry, demonstrating hemagglutination inhibition activity against avian H7N1 and human H7N9 viruses. These results suggest that the CrisBio® technology platform has the potential to address major industry challenges associated with producing recombinant influenza subunit vaccines, such as enhancing production yields, scalability, and the speed of development, facilitating the global deployment of highly effective influenza vaccines.","['D000818', 'D007252', 'D011679', 'D005585', 'D022223', 'D019267', 'D000914', 'D002645', 'D057916', 'D016367', 'D064766', 'D006801', 'D000087506', 'D009036', 'D058873']"
38931192,"The Effect of Sargassum fusiforme and Fucus vesiculosus on Continuous Glucose Levels in Overweight Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Feasibility Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.",Brown seaweed is promising for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Its bioactive constituents can positively affect plasma glucose homeostasis in healthy humans. We investigated the effect of the brown seaweeds Sargassum (S.) fusiforme and Fucus (F.) vesiculosus in their natural form on glucose regulation in patients with T2DM.,"['D006801', 'D003924', 'D044647', 'D004311', 'D001786', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D044645', 'D010865', 'D050177', 'D005240', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D012624', 'D007004', 'D000097342']"
38930923,Exploring the Potential of Endophytic Microorganisms and Nanoparticles for Enhanced Water Remediation.,"Endophytic microorganisms contribute significantly to water bioremediation by enhancing pollutant degradation and supporting aquatic plant health and resilience by releasing bioactive compounds and enzymes. These microorganisms inhabit plant tissues without causing disease or any noticeable symptoms. Endophytes effectively aid in eliminating contaminants from water systems. Nanoparticles serve as potent enhancers in bioremediation processes, augmenting the efficiency of pollutant degradation by increasing surface area and bioavailability, thereby improving the efficacy and rate of remediation. Their controlled nutrient release and ability to stabilize endophytic colonization further contribute to the enhanced and sustainable elimination of contaminated environments. The synergistic effect of endophytes and nanoparticles in water remediation has been widely explored in recent studies, revealing compelling outcomes. Water pollution poses significant threats to human health, ecosystems, and economies; hence, the sixth global goal of the Sustainable Development Agenda 2030 of the United Nations aims to ensure the availability and sustainable management of water resources, recognizing their crucial importance for current and future generations. Conventional methods for addressing water pollution exhibit several limitations, including high costs, energy-intensive processes, the production of hazardous by-products, and insufficient effectiveness in mitigating emerging pollutants such as pharmaceuticals and microplastics. Noticeably, there is an inability to effectively remove various types of pollutants, thus resulting in incomplete purification cycles. Nanoparticle-enhanced water bioremediation offers an innovative, eco-friendly alternative for degrading contaminants. A growing body of research has shown that integrating endophytic microorganisms with nanoparticles for water bioremediation is a potent and viable alternative. This review examines the potential of using endophytic microorganisms and nanoparticles to enhance water remediation, exploring their combined effects and applications in water purification. The paper also provides an overview of synthetic methods for producing endophyte-nanoparticle composites to optimize their remediation capabilities in aqueous environments. The final section of the review highlights the constraints related to integrating endophytes with nanoparticles.","['D053758', 'D001673', 'D060026', 'D018508', 'D014874', 'D006801']"
38928516,Genetic and Biotechnological Approaches to Improve Fruit Bioactive Content: A Focus on Eggplant and Tomato Anthocyanins.,"Anthocyanins are a large group of water-soluble flavonoid pigments. These specialized metabolites are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom and play an essential role not only in plant reproduction and dispersal but also in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Anthocyanins are recognized as important health-promoting and chronic-disease-preventing components in the human diet. Therefore, interest in developing food crops with improved levels and compositions of these important nutraceuticals is growing. This review focuses on work conducted to elucidate the genetic control of the anthocyanin pathway and modulate anthocyanin content in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), two solanaceous fruit vegetables of worldwide relevance. While anthocyanin levels in eggplant fruit have always been an important quality trait, anthocyanin-based, purple-fruited tomato cultivars are currently a novelty. As detailed in this review, this difference in the anthocyanin content of the cultivated germplasm has largely influenced genetic studies as well as breeding and transgenic approaches to improve the anthocyanin content/profile of these two important solanaceous crops. The information provided should be of help to researchers and breeders in devising strategies to address the increasing consumer demand for nutraceutical foods.","['D000872', 'D032323', 'D018551', 'D005638', 'D001709', 'D030821', 'D000069600', 'D018506', 'D018556']"
38928514,Regulation and Response Mechanism of Acute Low-Salinity Stress during Larval Stages in Macrobrachium rosenbergii Based on Multi-Omics Analysis.,"Macrobrachium rosenbergii is an essential species for freshwater economic aquaculture in China, but in the larval process, their salinity requirement is high, which leads to salinity stress in the water. In order to elucidate the mechanisms regulating the response of M. rosenbergii to acute low-salinity exposure, we conducted a comprehensive study of the response of M. rosenbergii exposed to different salinities' (0‱, 6‱, and 12‱) data for 120 h. The activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were found to be significantly inhibited in the hepatopancreas and muscle following low-salinity exposure, resulting in oxidative damage and immune deficits in M. rosenbergii. Differential gene enrichment in transcriptomics indicated that low-salinity stress induced metabolic differences and immune and inflammatory dysfunction in M. rosenbergii. The differential expressions of MIH, JHEH, and EcR genes indicated the inhibition of growth, development, and molting ability of M. rosenbergii. At the proteomic level, low salinity induced metabolic differences and affected biological and cellular regulation, as well as the immune response. Tyramine, trans-1,2-Cyclohexanediol, sorbitol, acetylcholine chloride, and chloroquine were screened by metabolomics as differential metabolic markers. In addition, combined multi-omics analysis revealed that metabolite chloroquine was highly correlated with low-salt stress.","['D000818', 'D033541', 'D007814', 'D000077323', 'D059467', 'D040901', 'D054712', 'D020869', 'D055432', 'D018384', 'D000095028']"
38928379,The Stylo Cysteine-Rich Peptide SgSnakin1 Is Involved in Aluminum Tolerance through Enhancing Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging.,"Stylo (Stylosanthes spp.) is an important pasture legume with strong aluminum (Al) resistance. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its Al tolerance remain fragmentary. Due to the incomplete genome sequence information of stylo, we first conducted full-length transcriptome sequencing for stylo root tips treated with and without Al and identified three Snakin/GASA genes, namely, SgSnakin1, SgSnakin2, and SgSnakin3. Through quantitative RT-PCR, we found that only SgSnakin1 was significantly upregulated by Al treatments in stylo root tips. Histochemical localization assays further verified the Al-enhanced expression of SgSnakin1 in stylo root tips. Subcellular localization in both tobacco and onion epidermis cells showed that SgSnakin1 localized to the cell wall. Overexpression of SgSnakin1 conferred Al tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis, as reflected by higher relative root growth and cell vitality, as well as lower Al concentration in the roots of transgenic plants. Additionally, overexpression of SgSnakin1 increased the activities of SOD and POD and decreased the levels of O2·- and H2O2 in transgenic Arabidopsis in response to Al stress. These findings indicate that SgSnakin1 may function in Al resistance by enhancing the scavenging of reactive oxygen species through the regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities.","['D000535', 'D017382', 'D018506', 'D010940', 'D017360', 'D030821', 'D007887', 'D018517', 'D006861', 'D014026']"
38928336,Urtica dioica Extract Abrogates Chlorpyrifos-Induced Toxicity in Zebrafish Larvae.,"Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used organophosphate insecticide, though its excessive use causes environmental contamination, raising concerns about its adverse effects on human health. In this regard, Urtica dioica stands out as a promising candidate for counteracting chemical 'contaminant' toxicity thanks to its therapeutic properties. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the potential of an Urtica dioica ethanolic extract (UDE) to mitigate chlorpyrifos-induced toxicity. Eight compounds in the Urtica dioica ethanolic extract have been identified, most of which present significant potential as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective agents. Chlorpyrifos exposure altered hatching rates, increased the incidence of teratogenic effects, and upregulated the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) in zebrafish larvae telencephalon. On the other hand, UDE demonstrated a preventive effect against CPF-induced teratogenicity, which is expressed by a lower morphological deformity rate. Moreover, the UDE showed a rather protective effect, maintaining the physiological condition of the telencephalon. Additionally, CPF altered the locomotor behavior of larvae, which was characterized by irregular swimming and increased activity. This defective behavioral pattern was slightly attenuated by the UDE. Our findings suggest that the UDE possesses significant protective properties against CPF-induced toxicity, probably conferred by its natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory contents. Still, further research is needed to elucidate the recruited mechanisms and implicated pathways on UDE's protective effects.","['D000818', 'D015027', 'D004390', 'D010936', 'D007814', 'D026982', 'D000975', 'D007306', 'D013687']"
38928063,The Key Role of Plant Hormone Signaling Transduction and Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathways in the Response of Chinese Pine (Pinus tabuliformis) to Feeding Stimulation by Pine Caterpillar (Dendrolimus tabulaeformis).,"In nature, plants have developed a series of resistance mechanisms to face various external stresses. As understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying plant resistance continues to deepen, exploring endogenous resistance in plants has become a hot topic in this field. Despite the multitude of studies on plant-induced resistance, how plants respond to stress under natural conditions remains relatively unclear. To address this gap, we investigated Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis) using pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus tabulaeformis) under natural conditions. Healthy Chinese pine trees, approximately 10 years old, were selected for studying induced resistance in Huangtuliangzi Forestry, Pingquan City, Chengde City, Hebei Province, China. Pine needles were collected at 2 h and 8 h after feeding stimulation (FS) via 10 pine caterpillars and leaf clipping control (LCC), to simulate mechanical damage caused by insect chewing for the quantification of plant hormones and transcriptome and metabolome assays. The results show that the different modes of treatments significantly influence the contents of JA and SA in time following treatment. Three types of differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were found to be involved in the initial response, namely phenolic acids, lipids, and flavonoids. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis indicated that 722 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are positively related to feeding stimulation and the specific enriched pathways are plant hormone signal transduction and flavonoid biosynthesis, among others. Two TIFY transcription factors (PtTIFY54 and PtTIFY22) and a MYB transcription factor (PtMYB26) were found to be involved in the interaction between plant hormones, mainly in the context of JA signal transduction and flavonoid biosynthesis. The results of this study provide an insight into how JA activates, serving as a reference for understanding the molecular mechanisms of resistance formation in conifers responding to mandibulate insects.","['D028223', 'D000818', 'D015398', 'D010937', 'D005419', 'D018506', 'D007814', 'D059467', 'D009036', 'D053898', 'D018515', 'D000095225']"
38928029,Enhancing Erucic Acid and Wax Ester Production in Brassica carinata through Metabolic Engineering for Industrial Applications.,"Metabolic engineering enables oilseed crops to be more competitive by having more attractive properties for oleochemical industrial applications. The aim of this study was to increase the erucic acid level and to produce wax ester (WE) in seed oil by genetic transformation to enhance the industrial applications of B. carinata. Six transgenic lines for high erucic acid and fifteen transgenic lines for wax esters were obtained. The integration of the target genes for high erucic acid (BnFAE1 and LdPLAAT) and for WEs (ScWS and ScFAR) in the genome of B. carinata cv. 'Derash' was confirmed by PCR analysis. The qRT-PCR results showed overexpression of BnFAE1 and LdPLAAT and downregulation of RNAi-BcFAD2 in the seeds of the transgenic lines. The fatty acid profile and WE content and profile in the seed oil of the transgenic lines and wild type grown in biotron were analyzed using gas chromatography and nanoelectrospray coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. A significant increase in erucic acid was observed in some transgenic lines ranging from 19% to 29% in relation to the wild type, with a level of erucic acid reaching up to 52.7%. Likewise, the transgenic lines harboring ScFAR and ScWS genes produced up to 25% WE content, and the most abundant WE species were 22:1/20:1 and 22:1/22:1. This study demonstrated that metabolic engineering is an effective biotechnological approach for developing B. carinata into an industrial crop.","['D004883', 'D060847', 'D030821', 'D014885', 'D004952', 'D012639', 'D001937', 'D005227', 'D010938', 'D018506', 'D010940']"
38928005,Characterization of NR1J1 Paralog Responses of Marine Mussels: Insights from Toxins and Natural Activators.,"The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a nuclear hormone receptor that plays a pivotal role in regulating gene expression in response to various ligands, particularly xenobiotics. In this context, the aim of this study was to shed light on the ligand affinity and functions of four NR1J1 paralogs identified in the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, employing a dual-luciferase reporter assay. To achieve this, the activation patterns of these paralogs in response to various toxins, including freshwater cyanotoxins (Anatoxin-a, Cylindrospermopsin, and Microcystin-LR, -RR, and -YR) and marine algal toxins (Nodularin, Saxitoxin, and Tetrodotoxin), alongside natural compounds (Saint John's Wort, Ursolic Acid, and 8-Methoxypsoralene) and microalgal extracts (Tetraselmis, Isochrysis, LEGE 95046, and LEGE 91351 extracts), were studied. The investigation revealed nuanced differences in paralog response patterns, highlighting the remarkable sensitivity of MgaNR1J1γ and MgaNR1J1δ paralogs to several toxins. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the intricate mechanisms of xenobiotic metabolism and detoxification, particularly focusing on the role of marine mussel NR1J1 in responding to a diverse array of compounds. Furthermore, comparative analysis with human PXR revealed potential species-specific adaptations in detoxification mechanisms, suggesting evolutionary implications. These findings deepen our understanding of PXR-mediated metabolism mechanisms, offering insights into environmental monitoring and evolutionary biology research.","['D000818', 'D008387', 'D000077297', 'D049878', 'D006801', 'D052998', 'D058086', 'D015262', 'D001427', 'D000087522']"
38927696,"A Small Auxin-Up RNA Gene, IbSAUR36, Regulates Adventitious Root Development in Transgenic Sweet Potato.","Small auxin-upregulated RNAs (SAURs), as the largest family of early auxin-responsive genes, play important roles in plant growth and development processes, such as auxin signaling and transport, hypocotyl development, and tolerance to environmental stresses. However, the functions of few SAUR genes are known in the root development of sweet potatoes. In this study, an IbSAUR36 gene was cloned and functionally analyzed. The IbSAUR36 protein was localized to the nucleus and plasma membrane. The transcriptional level of this gene was significantly higher in the pencil root and leaf.This gene was strongly induced by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), but it was downregulated under methyl-jasmonate(MeJA) treatment. The promoter of IbSAUR36 contained the core cis-elements for phytohormone responsiveness. Promoter β-glucuronidase (GUS) analysis in Arabidopsis showed that IbSAUR36 is highly expressed in the young tissues of plants, such as young leaves, roots, and buds. IbSAUR36-overexpressing sweet potato roots were obtained by an efficient Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated root transgenic system. We demonstrated that overexpression of IbSAUR36 promoted the accumulation of IAA, upregulated the genes encoding IAA synthesis and its signaling pathways, and downregulated the genes encoding lignin synthesis and JA signaling pathways. Taken together, these results show that IbSAUR36 plays an important role in adventitious root (AR) development by regulating IAA signaling, lignin synthesis, and JA signaling pathways in transgenic sweet potatoes.","['D027723', 'D018517', 'D030821', 'D007210', 'D018506', 'D010940', 'D010937', 'D011401', 'D003517']"
38927631,Overexpression of GhGSTF9 Enhances Salt Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis.,"Soil salinization is a major abiotic stress factor that negatively impacts plant growth, development, and crop yield, severely limiting agricultural production and economic development. Cotton, a key cash crop, is commonly cultivated as a pioneer crop in regions with saline-alkali soil due to its relatively strong tolerance to salt. This characteristic renders it a valuable subject for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying plant salt tolerance and for identifying genes that confer salt tolerance. In this study, focus was placed on examining a salt-tolerant variety, E991, and a salt-sensitive variety, ZM24. A combined analysis of transcriptomic data from these cotton varieties led to the identification of potential salt stress-responsive genes within the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family. These versatile enzyme proteins, prevalent in animals, plants, and microorganisms, were demonstrated to be involved in various abiotic stress responses. Our findings indicate that suppressing GhGSTF9 in cotton led to a notably salt-sensitive phenotype, whereas heterologous overexpression in Arabidopsis plants decreases the accumulation of reactive oxygen species under salt stress, thereby enhancing salt stress tolerance. This suggests that GhGSTF9 serves as a positive regulator in cotton's response to salt stress. These results offer new target genes for developing salt-tolerant cotton varieties.","['D017360', 'D003368', 'D030821', 'D055049', 'D018506', 'D010940', 'D000077323', 'D017382', 'D005982', 'D013312', 'D055051']"
38927629,A Sweet Potato MYB Transcription Factor IbMYB330 Enhances Tolerance to Drought and Salt Stress in Transgenic Tobacco.,"MYB transcription factors (TFs) play vital roles in plant growth, development, and response to adversity. Although the MYB gene family has been studied in many plant species, there is still little known about the function of R2R3 MYB TFs in sweet potato in response to abiotic stresses. In this study, an R2R3 MYB gene, IbMYB330 was isolated from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). IbMYB330 was ectopically expressed in tobacco and the functional characterization was performed by overexpression in transgenic plants. The IbMYB330 protein has a 268 amino acid sequence and contains two highly conserved MYB domains. The molecular weight and isoelectric point of IbMYB330 are 29.24 kD and 9.12, respectively. The expression of IbMYB330 in sweet potato is tissue-specific, and levels in the root were significantly higher than that in the leaf and stem. It showed that the expression of IbMYB330 was strongly induced by PEG-6000, NaCl, and H2O2. Ectopic expression of IbMYB330 led to increased transcript levels of stress-related genes such as SOD, POD, APX, and P5CS. Moreover, compared to the wild-type (WT), transgenic tobacco overexpression of IbMYB330 enhanced the tolerance to drought and salt stress treatment as CAT activity, POD activity, proline content, and protein content in transgenic tobacco had increased, while MDA content had decreased. Taken together, our study demonstrated that IbMYB330 plays a role in enhancing the resistance of sweet potato to stresses. These findings lay the groundwork for future research on the R2R3-MYB genes of sweet potato and indicates that IbMYB330 may be a candidate gene for improving abiotic stress tolerance in crops.","['D027723', 'D014026', 'D030821', 'D014157', 'D010940', 'D018506', 'D055864', 'D055049', 'D013312', 'D000077323']"
38927604,Advances in and Perspectives on Transgenic Technology and CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing in Broccoli.,"Broccoli, a popular international Brassica oleracea crop, is an important export vegetable in China. Broccoli is not only rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals but also has anticancer and antiviral activities. Recently, an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system has been established and optimized in broccoli, and transgenic transformation and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing techniques have been applied to improve broccoli quality, postharvest shelf life, glucoraphanin accumulation, and disease and stress resistance, among other factors. The construction and application of genetic transformation technology systems have led to rapid development in broccoli worldwide, which is also good for functional gene identification of some potential traits in broccoli. This review comprehensively summarizes the progress in transgenic technology and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing for broccoli over the past four decades. Moreover, it explores the potential for future integration of digital and smart technologies into genetic transformation processes, thus demonstrating the promise of even more sophisticated and targeted crop improvements. As the field continues to evolve, these innovations are expected to play a pivotal role in the sustainable production of broccoli and the enhancement of its nutritional and health benefits.","['D001937', 'D000072669', 'D064113', 'D030821']"
38927127,"GmMYB183, a R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor in Tamba Black Soybean (Glycine max. cv. Tamba), Conferred Aluminum Tolerance in Arabidopsis and Soybean.","Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the environmental stress factors that affects crop growth, development, and productivity. MYB transcription factors play crucial roles in responding to biotic or abiotic stresses. However, the roles of MYB transcription factors in Al tolerance have not been clearly elucidated. Here, we found that GmMYB183, a gene encoding a R2R3 MYB transcription factor, is involved in Al tolerance. Subcellular localization studies revealed that GmMYB183 protein is located in the nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane. Overexpression of GmMYB183 in Arabidopsis and soybean hairy roots enhanced plant tolerance towards Al stress compared to the wild type, with higher citrate secretion and less Al accumulation. Furthermore, we showed that GmMYB183 binds the GmMATE75 gene promoter encoding for a plasma-membrane-localized citrate transporter. Through a dual-luciferase reporter system and yeast one hybrid, the GmMYB183 protein was shown to directly activate the transcription of GmMATE75. Furthermore, the expression of GmMATE75 may depend on phosphorylation of Ser36 residues in GmMYB183 and two MYB sites in P3 segment of the GmMATE75 promoter. In conclusion, GmMYB183 conferred Al tolerance by promoting the secretion of citrate, which provides a scientific basis for further elucidating the mechanism of plant Al resistance.","['D000535', 'D017360', 'D013025', 'D014157', 'D018506', 'D010940', 'D011401', 'D030821', 'D013312', 'D018517', 'D002352']"
38926724,"Dietary algal-sourced zinc nanoparticles promote growth performance, intestinal integrity, and immune response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).","Trace elements play a crucial role in fish nutrition, with zinc (Zn) being one of the most important elements. BIO-sourced zinc nanoparticles were synthesized using the green microalga Pediastrum boryanum (BIO-ZnNPs, 29.35 nm). 30 or 60 mg/ kg dry feed of the BIO-ZnNPs (BIO-ZnNPs30 and BIO-ZnNPs60) were mixed with the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) basal diet and fed to the fish for 8 weeks to evaluate their impact on fish growth, digestion, intestinal integrity, antioxidative status, and immunity.","['D000818', 'D015032', 'D000821', 'D023681', 'D007422', 'D004032', 'D019587', 'D053768', 'D000975', 'D000460', 'D058086']"
38925623,Pharmaceutical removal from wastewater by introducing cytochrome P450s into microalgae.,"Pharmaceuticals are of increasing environmental concern as they emerge and accumulate in surface- and groundwater systems around the world, endangering the overall health of aquatic ecosystems. Municipal wastewater discharge is a significant vector for pharmaceuticals and their metabolites to enter surface waters as humans incompletely absorb prescription drugs and excrete up to 50% into wastewater, which are subsequently incompletely removed during wastewater treatment. Microalgae present a promising target for improving wastewater treatment due to their ability to remove some pollutants efficiently. However, their inherent metabolic pathways limit their capacity to degrade more recalcitrant organic compounds such as pharmaceuticals. The human liver employs enzymes to break down and absorb drugs, and these enzymes are extensively researched during drug development, meaning the cytochrome P450 enzymes responsible for metabolizing each approved drug are well studied. Thus, unlocking or increasing cytochrome P450 expression in endogenous wastewater microalgae could be a cost-effective strategy to reduce pharmaceutical loads in effluents. Here, we discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with introducing cytochrome P450 enzymes into microalgae. We anticipate that cytochrome P450-engineered microalgae can serve as a new drug removal method and a sustainable solution that can upgrade wastewater treatment facilities to function as ""mega livers"".","['D058086', 'D003577', 'D062065', 'D004364', 'D018508', 'D014874', 'D006801', 'D001673']"
38925601,Chemically modified seaweed polysaccharides: Improved functional and biological properties and prospective in food applications.,"Seaweed polysaccharides are natural biomacromolecules with unique physicochemical properties (e.g., good gelling, emulsifying, and film-forming properties) and diverse biological activities (e.g., anticoagulant, antioxidant, immunoregulatory, and antitumor effects). Furthermore, they are nontoxic, biocompatible and biodegradable, and abundant in resources. Therefore, they have been widely utilized in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. However, their properties and bioactivities sometimes are not satisfactory for some purposes. Modification of polysaccharides can impart the amphiphilicity and new functions to the biopolymers and change the structure and conformation, thus effectively improving their functional properties and biological activities so as to meet the requirement for targeted applications. This review outlined the modification methods of representative red algae polysaccharides (carrageenan and agar), brown algae polysaccharides (fucoidan, alginate, and laminaran), and green algae polysaccharides (ulvan) that have potential food applications, including etherification, esterification, degradation, sulfation, phosphorylation, selenylation, and so on. The improved functional properties and bioactivities of the modified seaweed polysaccharides and their potential food applications are also summarized.","['D012624', 'D011134', 'D000461', 'D002351', 'D000459', 'D000460']"
38924560,"Non-Classical Swine Leukocyte Antigens SLA-6, -7, and -8, Are Xenoantigens for Some Waitlisted Patients.","Attack of donor tissues by pre-formed anti-pig antibodies is well known to cause graft failure in xenotransplantation. Genetic engineering of porcine donors to eliminate targets of these pre-formed antibodies coupled with advances in immunosuppressive medicines have now made it possible to achieve extended survival in the pre-clinical pig-to-non-human primate model. Despite these improvements, antibodies remain a risk over the lifetime of the transplant, and many patients continue to have pre-formed donor-specific antibodies even to highly engineered pigs. While therapeutics exist that can help mitigate the detrimental effects of antibodies, they act broadly potentially dampening beneficial immunity. Identifying additional xenoantigens may enable more targeted approaches, such as gene editing, to overcome these challenges by further eliminating antibody targets on donor tissue. Because we have found that classical class I swine leukocyte antigens are targets of human antibodies, we now examine whether related pig proteins may also be targeted by human antibodies. We show here that non-classical class I swine leukocyte proteins (SLA-6, -7, -8) can be expressed at the surface of mammalian cells and act as antibody targets.","['D000818', 'D013552', 'D014183', 'D015478', 'D006801', 'D015395', 'D000949', 'D006084', 'D030801']"
38924416,Accelerated evolution in the human lineage led to gain and loss of transcriptional enhancers in the RBFOX1 locus.,"A long-standing goal of evolutionary biology is to decode how changes in gene regulatory networks contribute to human-specific traits. Human accelerated regions (HARs) are prime candidates for driving gene regulatory modifications in human development. The RBFOX1 locus is densely populated with HARs, providing a set of potential regulatory elements that could have changed its expression in the human lineage. Here, we examined the role of RBFOX1-HARs using transgenic zebrafish reporter assays and identified 15 transcriptional enhancers that are active in the developing nervous system, 9 of which displayed differential activity between the human and chimpanzee sequences. The engineered loss of two selected RBFOX1-HARs in knockout mouse models modified Rbfox1 expression at specific developmental stages and tissues in the brain, influencing the expression and splicing of a high number of Rbfox1 target genes. Our results provided insight into the spatial and temporal changes in gene expression driven by RBFOX1-HARs.","['D006801', 'D000818', 'D000072260', 'D004742', 'D015027', 'D019143', 'D051379', 'D018507', 'D018345', 'D030801', 'D053263', 'D002679', 'D056426']"
38924405,Seamounts generate efficient active transport loops to nourish the twilight ecosystem.,"Seamounts are ecological oases nurturing abundant fisheries resources and epibenthic megafauna in the vast oligotrophic ocean. Despite their significance, the formation mechanisms underlying these seamount ecological oases remain uncertain. To shed light on this phenomenon, this study conducted interdisciplinary in situ observations focusing on a shallow seamount in the oligotrophic ocean. The findings show that the seamount's topography interferes with the oceanic current to generate lee waves, effectively enhancing the nutrient supply to the euphotic layer downstream of the seamount. This continuous supply enhances phytoplankton biomass and subsequently the grazing and diurnal vertical migration of zooplankton, rapidly transporting the augmented phytoplankton biomass to the aphotic layer. Unlike the cyclonic eddies that move in the upper ocean, seamounts stand at fixed locations creating a more efficient and steady active transport loop. This active transport loop connects the euphotic and twilight zones, potentially conveying nourishment to benthic ecosystems to create stereoscopic oases in the oligotrophic ocean.","['D017753', 'D009792', 'D000818', 'D010839', 'D015048', 'D018533', 'D014872']"
38924168,Mass spectrometric characterization of aminophospholipids containing N-(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine in kombu algae extracts.,"1,2-Diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-O-[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)glycines] (PHEGs) are a class of rare aminophospholipids found specifically in brown algae, including kombu seaweed. Despite their potential importance in algal physiology, a comprehensive mass spectrometry (MS) characterization, useful to understand their biological behaviour, is still lacking.","['D053719', 'D012624', 'D010743', 'D005998', 'D000459', 'D021241', 'D007795', 'D002853', 'D000097342']"
38923973,A field realistic model to assess the effects of pesticides residues and adulterants on honey bee gene expression.,"While studies on the sublethal effects of chemical residues in beeswax on adult honey bees are increasing, the study protocols assessing the impacts on honey bee brood in realistic conditions still need to be investigated. Moreover, little is known about the residue's effect on gene expression in honey bee brood. This study reports the effects of chlorpyriphos-ethyl, acrinathrin and stearin worker pupae exposure through contaminated or adulterated beeswax on the gene expression of some key health indicators, using a novel in vivo realistic model. Larvae were reared in acrinathrin (12.5, 25, 10 and 100 ppb) and chlorpyriphos-ethyl (5, 10, 500 and 5000 ppb) contaminated or stearin adulterated beeswax (3, 4, 5, 6 and 9%) in newly formed colonies to reduce the influence of external factors. On day 11, mortality rates were assessed. Honey bee pupae were extracted from the comb after 19 days of rearing and were analysed for the gene expression profile of four genes involved in the immune response to pathogens and environmental stress factors (Imd, dorsal, domeless and defensin), and two genes involved in detoxifications mechanisms (CYP6AS14 and CYP9Q3). We found no linear relation between the increase in the pesticide concentrations and the brood mortality rates, unlike stearin where an increase in stearin percentage led to an exponential increase in brood mortality. The immune system of pupae raised in acrinathrin contaminated wax was triggered and the expression of CYP6AS14 was significantly upregulated (exposure to 12.5 and 25 ppb). Almost all expression levels of the tested immune and detoxification genes were down-regulated when pupae were exposed to chlorpyrifos-contaminated wax. The exposure to stearin triggered the immune system and detoxification system of the pupae. The identification of substance-specific response factors might ultimately serve to identify molecules that are safer for bees and the ecosystem's health.","['D000818', 'D001516', 'D014885', 'D010573', 'D011679', 'D007814', 'D019476', 'D005786']"
38923956,Sediment source and dose influence the larval performance of the threatened coral Orbicella faveolata.,"The effects of turbidity and sedimentation stress on early life stages of corals are poorly understood, particularly in Atlantic species. Dredging operations, beach nourishment, and other coastal construction activities can increase sedimentation and turbidity in nearby coral reef habitats and have the potential to negatively affect coral larval development and metamorphosis, reducing sexual reproduction success. In this study, we investigated the performance of larvae of the threatened Caribbean coral species Orbicella faveolata exposed to suspended sediments collected from a reef site in southeast Florida recently impacted by dredging (Port of Miami), and compared it to the performance of larvae exposed to sediments collected from the offshore, natal reef of the parent colonies. In a laboratory experiment, we tested whether low and high doses of each of these sediment types affected the survival, settlement, and respiration of coral larvae compared to a no-sediment control treatment. In addition, we analyzed the sediments used in the experiments with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to assess differences in the microbial communities present in the Port versus Reef sediments, and their potential impact on coral performance. Overall, only O. faveolata larvae exposed to the high-dose Port sediment treatment had significantly lower survival rates compared to the control treatment, suggesting an initial tolerance to elevated suspended sediments. However, significantly lower settlement rates were observed in both Port treatments (low- and high-dose) compared to the control treatment one week after exposure, suggesting strong latent effects. Sediments collected near the Port also contained different microbial communities than Reef sediments, and higher relative abundances of the bacteria Desulfobacterales, which has been associated with coral disease. We hypothesize that differences in microbial communities between the two sediments may be a contributing factor in explaining the observed differences in larval performance. Together, these results suggest that the settlement success and survival of O. faveolata larvae are more readily compromised by encountering port inlet sediments compared to reef sediments, with potentially important consequences for the recruitment success of this species in affected areas.","['D000818', 'D037421', 'D007814', 'D019015', 'D057894', 'D056727', 'D012336', 'D005431', 'D064307']"
38923794,Ascaris Mouse Model Protocols: Advancing Research on Larval Ascariasis Biology.,"Ascariasis, caused by both Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascaris suum, is the most prevalent parasitic disease worldwide, affecting both human and porcine populations. However, due to the difficulties of assessing the early events of infection in humans, most studies of human ascariasis have been restricted to the chronic intestinal phase. Therefore, the Ascaris mouse model has become a fundamental tool for investigating the immunobiology and pathogenesis of the early infection stage referred to as larval ascariasis because of the model's practicality and ability to replicate the natural processes involved. The Ascaris mouse model has been widely used to explore factors such as infection resistance/susceptibility, liver inflammation, lung immune-mediated pathology, and co-infections and, notably, as a pivotal element in preclinical vaccine trials. Exploring the immunobiology of larval ascariasis may offer new insights into disease development and provide a substantial understanding of key components that trigger a protective immune response. This article focuses on creating a comprehensive guide for conducting Ascaris experimental infections in the laboratory as a foundation for future research efforts. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Acquisition and embryonation of Ascaris suum eggs from adult females Alternate Protocol: Cleaning and purification of Ascaris suum from female A. suum uteri Basic Protocol 2: Preparation of Ascaris suum eggs and murine infection Basic Protocol 3: Measurement of larval burden and Ascaris-larva-induced pathogenesis Basic Protocol 4: In vitro hatching and purification of Ascaris L3 larvae Support Protocol: Preparation of crude antigen from Ascaris infectious stages Basic Protocol 5: Ultrastructure-expansion microscopy (U-ExM) of Ascaris suum larval stages.","['D001196', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D004195', 'D017165', 'D007814', 'D005260', 'D001200', 'D006801']"
38923652,Hurricanes enhance coral connectivity but also superspread coral diseases.,"Climate change poses an existential threat to coral reefs. A warmer and more acidic ocean weakens coral ecosystems and increases the intensity of hurricanes. The wind-wave-current interactions during a hurricane deeply change the ocean circulation patterns and hence potentially affect the dispersal of coral larvae and coral disease agents. Here, we modeled the impact of major hurricane Irma (September 2017) on coral larval and stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) connectivity in Florida's Coral Reef. We coupled high-resolution coastal ocean circulation and wave models to simulate the dispersal of virtual coral larvae and disease agents between thousands of reefs. While being a brief event, our results suggest the passage of hurricane Irma strongly increased the probability of long-distance exchanges while reducing larval supply. It created new connections that could promote coral resilience but also probably accelerated the spread of SCTLD by about a month. As they become more intense, hurricanes' double-edged effect will become increasingly pronounced, contributing to increased variability in transport patterns and an accelerated rate of change within coral reef ecosystems.","['D055867', 'D037421', 'D000818', 'D057894', 'D057231', 'D005431', 'D007814', 'D008962']"
38923181,The microbiome of the lichen Lobaria pulmonaria varies according to climate on a subcontinental scale.,"The Lobaria pulmonaria holobiont comprises algal, fungal, cyanobacterial and bacterial components. We investigated L. pulmonaria's bacterial microbiome in the adaptation of this ecologically sensitive lichen species to diverse climatic conditions. Our central hypothesis posited that microbiome composition and functionality aligns with subcontinental-scale (a stretch of ~1100 km) climatic parameters related to temperature and precipitation. We also tested the impact of short-term weather dynamics, sampling season and algal/fungal genotypes on microbiome variation. Metaproteomics provided insights into compositional and functional changes within the microbiome. Climatic variables explained 41.64% of microbiome variation, surpassing the combined influence of local weather and sampling season at 31.63%. Notably, annual mean temperature and temperature seasonality emerged as significant climatic drivers. Microbiome composition correlated with algal, not fungal genotype, suggesting similar environmental recruitment for the algal partner and microbiome. Differential abundance analyses revealed distinct protein compositions in Sub-Atlantic Lowland and Alpine regions, indicating differential microbiome responses to contrasting environmental/climatic conditions. Proteins involved in oxidative and cellular stress were notably different. Our findings highlight microbiome plasticity in adapting to stable climates, with limited responsiveness to short-term fluctuations, offering new insights into climate adaptation in lichen symbiosis.","['D008011', 'D064307', 'D002980', 'D001419', 'D013559', 'D005658', 'D012621', 'D005838']"
38922659,The potential habitat and environmental fitness change of Aedes albopictus in Western Eurasia for 2081-2100.,"The range of Aedes albopictus, the most important vector mosquito in Western Eurasia is growing due to climate change. However, it is not known how it will influence the habitats occupied by the species and its environmental fitness within its future range.","['D000330', 'D000818', 'D017753', 'D005060', 'D057231', 'D001208', 'D000072138', 'D007814', 'D011679', 'D012621']"
38922657,"Bamboo stumps that are artificially in use put pressure on dengue and chikungunya vector control in Dhaka city, Bangladesh.","Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes breed in natural and artificial containers, and they transmit dengue and chikungunya. A study was conducted to identify the contribution of bamboo stumps to these disease vectors that were used in the flower garden as pillars to hold the bamboo flex fence.","['D000818', 'D001459', 'D003715', 'D000330', 'D009032', 'D000072138', 'D065632', 'D007814', 'D011679', 'D031787', 'D003465', 'D006801']"
38951926,Age- and gender-specific acute poisoning with drugs and medications affecting nervous system.,We investigated acute poisonings resulting from medications affecting the nervous system and illicit substances at Loghman Hakim Hospital in Tehran.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D055815', 'D007492', 'D000293', 'D011041', 'D012189', 'D000368', 'D000367', 'D002648', 'D012737', 'D002675', 'D007223', 'D015995']"
38946568,"The Community is the Cure: How African American Washington, DC Residents Informed Opioid Treatment Engagement.","Recent data indicate rising opioid overdose deaths among African American residents of Washington, DC.","['D006801', 'D001741', 'D009293', 'D004219', 'D000086382', 'D055812', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000086402', 'D003256', 'D000328']"
38946561,Mulch Madness: A Community-Academic Partnership for Lead Poisoning Prevention.,"Soil constitutes a major source of childhood lead exposure, disproportionately affecting communities of color. Mulching offers a low-cost interim control.","['D006801', 'D007855', 'D055812', 'D003159', 'D007854', 'D014495', 'D004781', 'D002648']"
38944770,[Possibilities of effective interaction in the system pharmacovigilance at registration of medicinal undesirable reactions at patients of the senior age groups.].,"In recent years, complications of drug therapy are an important medical problem. Data on adverse drug reactions (ADR) in patients of older age groups were analyzed. The object of the study was notification cards for unwanted reactions received from medical organizations of the Irkutsk region for period 2009-2020 years. The Narangio scale was used to assess the causality between ADR and medicines. Of the 1021 ADR notifications in patients over 65 years of age, 2/3 (668) are presented with ADR notifications in women, 353 (34,6%) in men. The presence of background diseases was registered in 915 notifications (89,6%). There were no gender differences except for a higher incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in men (7,2 and 3,5% respectively, p<0,05) and diabetes mellitus in women (14 and 3,5% respectively, p<0,05). ADRs for antibacterial agents amounted to 31,8%, drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases - 10,5%, cases of therapeutic inefficiency - 5,1%. The ADR data statement was in line with the recommended form of 76%. The most common filling defect was incomplete patient information. The validity of the Narango causation was high. The deadlines for reporting data were observed in 89,1%. For effective interaction in the pharmacovigilance system, it is necessary in each medical organization to constantly inform about the procedure for pharmacovigilance, types of ADRs, the rules for their detection and the timing of data reporting. The work should be supervised by a trained specialist.","['D006801', 'D060735', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D064420', 'D016907', 'D012426', 'D000369']"
38943527,Health literacy and adolescents' substance use behaviors and correlates: a scoping review.,"From 2011 to 2023, substance use increased by 23% worldwide. Given that substance use initiation is highest during adolescence, it is crucial to identify amenable correlates of substance use prevention [e.g. health literacy (HL)], which, if embedded in interventions, may improve uptake and outcomes. Hence, this study conducted a scoping review to answer the question: What is known from the existing literature about the relationship between HL and substance use correlates and behaviors in adolescents? Five electronic databases and the bibliography of review articles were searched and a total of 1770 records were identified. After removing duplicates and engaging in three levels of screening to identify studies that included adolescents ≤ 25 years old and assessed the relationship between general HL (vs. behavior/disease-specific health knowledge) and substance use behaviors and correlates, 16 studies were retained. Studies assessed alcohol-related (n = 11), tobacco-related (n = 12), electronic vapor product use-related (n = 4), cannabis-related (n = 1), and amphetamines/methamphetamines-related (n = 1) outcomes. Studies spanned Africa, Asia, Europe, and North and Central America. Most studies included substance use as an outcome and found an inverse relationship between HL and use. Few studies examined substance use correlates (e.g. risk perception). There were no longitudinal or intervention studies. This review highlighted that the topic of adolescent HL and its relationship with substance use remains inadequately researched. Notable gaps for future studies include intervention and longitudinal designs, expansion of outcomes (e.g. more studies on marijuana, prescription drug misuse, vaping, substance use-related correlates), and examining HL as a mediator or moderator of substance use and its correlates.","['D006801', 'D000293', 'D057220', 'D019966', 'D000294', 'D007722']"
38943244,Using electronic health records for clinical pharmacology research: Challenges and considerations.,"Electronic health records (EHRs) contain a vast array of phenotypic data on large numbers of individuals, often collected over decades. Due to the wealth of information, EHR data have emerged as a powerful resource to make first discoveries and identify disparities in our healthcare system. While the number of EHR-based studies has exploded in recent years, most of these studies are directed at associations with disease rather than pharmacotherapeutic outcomes, such as drug response or adverse drug reactions. This is largely due to challenges specific to deriving drug-related phenotypes from the EHR. There is great potential for EHR-based discovery in clinical pharmacology research, and there is a critical need to address specific challenges related to accurate and reproducible derivation of drug-related phenotypes from the EHR. This review provides a detailed evaluation of challenges and considerations for deriving drug-related data from EHRs. We provide an examination of EHR-based computable phenotypes and discuss cutting-edge approaches to map medication information for clinical pharmacology research, including medication-based computable phenotypes and natural language processing. We also discuss additional considerations such as data structure, heterogeneity and missing data, rare phenotypes, and diversity within the EHR. By further understanding the complexities associated with conducting clinical pharmacology research using EHR-based data, investigators will be better equipped to design thoughtful studies with more reproducible results. Progress in utilizing EHRs for clinical pharmacology research should lead to significant advances in our ability to understand differential drug response and predict adverse drug reactions.","['D057286', 'D006801', 'D010601', 'D010641', 'D009323', 'D035843', 'D064420']"
38943164,"Economic evaluation of the effect of needle and syringe programs on skin, soft tissue, and vascular infections in people who inject drugs: a microsimulation modelling approach.","Needle and syringe programs (NSP) are effective harm-reduction strategies against HIV and hepatitis C. Although skin, soft tissue, and vascular infections (SSTVI) are the most common morbidities in people who inject drugs (PWID), the extent to which NSP are clinically and cost-effective in relation to SSTVI in PWID remains unclear. The objective of this study was to model the clinical- and cost-effectiveness of NSP with respect to treatment of SSTVI in PWID.","['D006801', 'D015819', 'D018671', 'D003362', 'D018461', 'D019057', 'D014652', 'D012874', 'D002170', 'D003198', 'D040261', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D018803']"
38942557,Alcohol rehabilitation and cancer risk: a nationwide hospital cohort study in France.,"Even though alcohol consumption is an established risk factor for cancer, evidence regarding the effect of a reduction or cessation of alcohol consumption on cancer incidence is scarce. Our main study aim was to assess the effect of alcohol rehabilitation and abstinence on cancer incidence in people with alcohol dependence.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D005602', 'D009369', 'D008875', 'D012189', 'D000437', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D012307', 'D015994']"
38942554,Estimated effects of opioid agonist treatment in prison on all-cause mortality and overdose mortality in people released from prison in Norway: a prospective analysis of data from the Norwegian Prison Release Study (nPRIS).,"Overdose is the leading cause of death for people released from prison, and opioid agonist treatment is associated with reductions in mortality after imprisonment. However, few studies have explored the interplay of the potential modifiable risk factors and protective factors for mortality after release from prison. We aimed to describe all-cause mortality and overdose mortality among individuals released from Norwegian prisons during 2000-22 and to identify pre-existing risk factors associated with both types of mortality among these individuals for 6 months.","['D006801', 'D009664', 'D008297', 'D011446', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D062787', 'D011329', 'D008875', 'D002423', 'D011330', 'D012307', 'D000701', 'D055815', 'D009026', 'D012042', 'D058850', 'D000293']"
38941461,Chronic alcohol induces subcircuit-specific striatonigral plasticity enhancing the sensorimotor basal ganglia role in action execution.,"Functional deficits in basal ganglia (BG) circuits contribute to cognitive and motor dysfunctions in alcohol use disorder. Chronic alcohol exposure alters synaptic function and neuronal excitability in the dorsal striatum, but it remains unclear how it affects BG output that is mediated by the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr). Here, we describe a neuronal subpopulation-specific synaptic organization of striatal and subthalamic (STN) inputs to the medial and lateral SNr. Chronic alcohol exposure (CIE) potentiated dorsolateral striatum (DLS) inputs but did not change dorsomedial striatum and STN inputs to the SNr. Chemogenetic inhibition of DLS direct pathway neurons revealed an enhanced role for DLS direct pathway neurons in execution of an instrumental lever-pressing task. Overall, we reveal a subregion-specific organization of striatal and subthalamic inputs onto the medial and lateral SNr and find that potentiated DLS-SNr inputs are accompanied by altered BG control of action execution following CIE.","['D000818', 'D009473', 'D001479', 'D013378', 'D000431', 'D003342', 'D008297', 'D051379', 'D009474', 'D000437', 'D009434']"
38941101,"Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs About Opioid Use Disorder Treatment in Primary Care.",This survey study assesses the US public’s perception and awareness regarding medication for opioid use disorder and its availability in primary care settings.,"['D006801', 'D009293', 'D011320', 'D007722', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D000701', 'D003430', 'D011795']"
38941076,Animal and human bites: Navigating evaluation and care.,"Patients who have experienced animal or human bites may present for care in a number of settings with a variety of injuries requiring different approaches to treatment and management. Because animal and human bites range in severity and can result in a host of sequelae, their evaluation and management can be complex. In caring for patients with an animal or human bite, NPs must consider the many factors relevant to such an injury.","['D006801', 'D001733', 'D000818', 'D001734', 'D009722', 'D009730']"
38940697,"The Independent Contribution of Positive and Negative Metacognitions About Smoking to Urge to Smoke, Withdrawal Symptoms and Dependence in Smoking-Dependent Men.","Previous research has indicated that various factors, such as psychological distress, distress intolerance, anhedonia, impulsivity and smoking metacognitions, have been individually linked to the urge to smoke, withdrawal symptoms and dependence. However, these factors have not been collectively examined to determine whether smoking metacognitions independently and significantly contribute to these outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of distress intolerance, anhedonia, impulsivity and smoking metacognitions on the urge to smoke, withdrawal symptoms and dependency in men who are dependent on smoking. A total of 300 smoking-dependent men completed psychological scales and smoking-related measures. The findings of the study indicated that positive metacognitions about emotion regulation significantly predicted the urge to smoke, even when accounting for other significant predictors such as the number of daily cigarettes smoked, psychological distress, anhedonia and impulsivity. Furthermore, positive metacognitions about cognitive regulation were found to be a significant predictor of withdrawal symptoms, independent of other significant predictors such as psychological distress and the urge to smoke. Smoking dependence was predicted by negative metacognitions about uncontrollability beyond other significant predictors, including the number of daily cigarettes smoked and distress intolerance. These results highlight the role of metacognitions about smoking in both short- and long-term clinical outcomes related to smoking. Consequently, addressing such beliefs during treatment for smoking dependence should be an important therapeutic goal.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D013375', 'D000328', 'D000067489', 'D014029', 'D007175', 'D012907', 'D008875', 'D055815', 'D059445']"
38940230,A Tailored Virtual Program for Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment Among Liver Transplant Candidates and Recipients Is Feasible and Associated With Lower Post-Transplant Relapse.,Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a leading indication for liver transplant (LT) in the United States. Rates of early liver transplant (ELT) with less than 6 months of sobriety have increased substantially. Patients who receive ELT commonly have alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) and are often too ill to complete an intensive outpatient program (IOP) for alcohol use disorder (AUD) prior to LT. ELT recipients feel alienated from traditional IOPs.,"['D006801', 'D005260', 'D016031', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D005500', 'D000437', 'D005240', 'D011379', 'D012008', 'D000328', 'D011183', 'D017216', 'D008108']"
38939909,"Mycotoxicoses in Veterinary Medicine: Fusarium Toxins, Grass Staggers, and Neothyphodium Toxins.","Fungi are a large group of eukaryotic microorganisms that can readily adapt to diverse environments and occur in almost all climatic zones and continents. Although some fungi are inevitable in the environment for the decay and recycling of organic material, many species are known to produce secondary metabolites, and these mycotoxins, when ingested with food or feed materials, can adversely affect animal and human health. Among the toxigenic fungi, Fusarium species are recognized as so-called field fungi, invading crops and producing mycotoxins predominantly before harvest. Fusarium produces a wide array of mycotoxins, causing different plant diseases. Fusariosis causes significant economic losses in a wide range of crops. Fusarium secondary metabolites, particularly trichothecenes, are potent toxins in mammalian species and cause diverse adverse effects in humans and animals. Other prominent Fusarium toxins with entirely different chemical structures are zearalenone and its derivatives and fumonisins. With an entirely different life cycle, toxins of endophytes belonging to the genus Epichloë and Neothyphodium coenophialum and Neothyphodium lolii comprise an animal health risk, particularly for grazing animals. This review aimed to summarize the adverse effects of selected Fusarium and Epichloë toxins, with a special emphasis on their occurrence in roughages and their mechanisms of action, and describe their effect on animal health and welfare and the potentially related public health risks.","['D005670', 'D009183', 'D000818', 'D015651', 'D006999']"
38937952,The Rising Concern of Ethanol Intoxication from Easy Access to Hand Sanitizers: A Case Report.,"BACKGROUND Ethanol intoxication is very common, and several forms of alcohol intoxication can lead to emergency department visits. Excessive alcohol users, when in withdrawal, might seek replacement alcoholic beverages; one of the common sources of ethanol is hand sanitizer, which contains 45-95% alcohol. It becomes even more challenging to deal with alcohol use disorder patients when they seek these replacement products inside hospital premises, and medical clinics and hospitals have increased their use of ethanol-based hand sanitizer since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. CASE REPORT We report the case of a 26-year-old man with alcohol dependence presenting with a fictitious illness leading to hospital admission and consumption of ethanol-based hand sanitizer in the emergency department (ED). The patient initially presented reporting severe abdominal pain that persisted despite medications. The initial laboratory tests and imaging were non-significant. The patient was later caught stealing hand sanitizer bottles, consuming them within 4-6 h. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased alcohol intoxication, especially in EDs. Hand sanitizers, including ethanol, are toxic and hazardous when misused, mostly by adolescents and young adults. Treatments include glucose determination, dextrose infusion, and thiamine perfusion. Strategies to reduce ethanol intoxication include eliminating hand sanitizers, using wall-fixed sanitizers, and using sanitizer wipes. CONCLUSIONS Patients with alcohol use disorder are known to develop alcohol-seeking behaviors. This report has highlighted that healthcare professionals should be aware that the increased availability of ethanol-based hand sanitizers, some of which contain toxic antiviral chemical agents, may be targeted by individuals with alcohol dependency.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D064548', 'D000435', 'D000086382', 'D000431', 'D000437', 'D004636', 'D000086402']"
38937847,A systematic review of validity of US survey measures for assessing substance use and substance use disorders.,The steep rise in substance use and substance use disorder (SUD) shows an urgency to assess its prevalence using valid measures. This systematic review summarizes the validity of measures to assess the prevalence of substance use and SUD in the US estimated in population and sub-population-based surveys.,"['D006801', 'D019966', 'D014481', 'D015203', 'D015995', 'D006306', 'D011795', 'D012680']"
38937811,Chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity and its symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a scoping review.,Chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity is a significant concern because it is a major cause of morbidity. This study aimed to provide in-depth information on the symptoms of chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity (CRCT) by exploring literature that concurrently reports the types and symptoms of CRCT in patients with breast cancer.,"['D006801', 'D001943', 'D066126', 'D005260', 'D000970']"
38937759,Using qualitative system dynamics modeling to understand overdose bystander behavior in the context of Connecticut's Good Samaritan Laws and identify effective policy options.,"Good Samaritan Laws are a harm reduction policy intended to facilitate a reduction in fatal opioid overdoses by enabling bystanders, first responders, and health care providers to assist individuals experiencing an overdose without facing civil or criminal liability. However, Good Samaritan Laws may not be reaching their full impact in many communities due to a lack of knowledge of protections under these laws, distrust in law enforcement, and fear of legal consequences among potential bystanders. The purpose of this study was to develop a systems-level understanding of the factors influencing bystander responses to opioid overdose in the context of Connecticut's Good Samaritan Laws and identify high-leverage policies for improving opioid-related outcomes and implementation of these laws in Connecticut (CT).","['D006801', 'D040261', 'D003237', 'D000083682', 'D009292', 'D009270', 'D062787', 'D006291', 'D035846']"
38937716,Application of two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in radiotherapy-related cardiac systolic dysfunction and analysis of its risk factors: a prospective cohort study.,"The cardiac toxicity of radiotherapy (RT) can affect cancer survival rates over the long term. This has been confirmed in patients with breast cancer and lymphoma. However, there are few studies utilizing the two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) to evaluate the risk factors affecting radiation induced heart disease (RIHD), and there is a lack of quantitative data. Therefore, we intend to explore the risk factors for RIHD and quantify them using 2D-STE technology.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D011446', 'D011237', 'D000368', 'D016277', 'D011832', 'D018570', 'D013599', 'D066126', 'D012307', 'D000328', 'D013997', 'D013899', 'D011878', 'D016278', 'D004452', 'D000082742', 'D013318']"
38936887,Central Nervous System Adverse Reactions to Amantadine Intoxication: A Case Report and Analysis of JADER.,"A few case reports of central nervous system (CNS) symptoms caused by amantadine intoxication have been published, detailing various types of symptoms and differing times to onset. We encountered a patient who developed CNS symptoms with amantadine. This prompted us to investigate the types, time to onset, and outcome of CNS adverse reactions to amantadine by analyzing data from a pharmacovigilance database.","['D006801', 'D000547', 'D008297', 'D016907', 'D060735', 'D002490', 'D005260', 'D002493', 'D007564', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D064420']"
38935567,"Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder: Population Estimates - United States, 2022.","In 2022, 81,806 opioid-involved overdose deaths were reported in the United States, more than in any previous year. Medications for opioid use disorder (OUD), particularly buprenorphine and methadone, substantially reduce overdose-related and overall mortality. However, only a small proportion of persons with OUD receive these medications. Data from the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health were applied to a cascade of care framework to estimate and characterize U.S. adult populations who need OUD treatment, receive any OUD treatment, and receive medications for OUD. In 2022, 3.7% of U.S. adults aged ≥18 years needed OUD treatment. Among these, only 25.1% received medications for OUD. Most adults who needed OUD treatment either did not perceive that they needed it (42.7%) or received OUD treatment without medications for OUD (30.0%). Compared with non-Hispanic Black or African American and Hispanic or Latino adults, higher percentages of non-Hispanic White adults received any OUD treatment. Higher percentages of men and adults aged 35-49 years received medications for OUD than did women and younger or older adults. Expanded communication about the effectiveness of medications for OUD is needed. Increased efforts to engage persons with OUD in treatment that includes medications are essential. Clinicians and other treatment providers should offer or arrange evidence-based treatment, including medications, for patients with OUD. Pharmacists and payors can work to make these medications available without delays.","['D006801', 'D014481', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D009293', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D002047', 'D000368', 'D058850', 'D008691']"
38934855,Association of Cannabis Use Disorder With Hospitalizations for Pulmonary Embolism and Subsequent in-Hospital Mortality in Young Adults: A Contemporary Nationwide Analysis.,"With the increase in popularity of cannabis and its use and the lack of large-scale data on cannabis use and venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism (PE), we used a nationally representative cohort of young adults (aged 18-44 years) to compare the odds of admissions and in-hospital mortality of PE with and without cannabis use disorder (CUD).","['D006801', 'D017052', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D011655', 'D000328', 'D055815', 'D014481', 'D000293', 'D002189', 'D006760', 'D012307', 'D012189', 'D018570', 'D007902', 'D057216', 'D016208']"
38934815,"Adverse Drug Reaction Patterns of First-line Anti-tubercular Drugs among Saharia Tuberculosis Patients: An Observational Study in Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group of Madhya Pradesh, India.","The Saharia tribe of Madhya Pradesh has a very high tuberculosis (TB) burden. However, there is no report of adverse drug reaction (ADR) available in patients receiving anti-TB chemotherapy in the community. Reporting and monitoring of ADRs among TB patients is still rare in marginalized communities. An observational prospective study was performed from November 2019 to June 2020 to assess the patterns of ADRs in 250 Saharia TB patients, who were prescribed Category-I daily DOTS (HRZE) by the physician. Both male and female participants equally experienced ADR during the treatment, but relatively more females (92.6%) than males (88.6%) reported ADR during Phase I. Out of 250 patients, 224 patients (89.6%) experienced one or more ADRs in Phase I. The central nervous system-related (75.6%) ADR was mostly reported followed by any gastrointestinal (74.4%), cardiovascular (49.2%) and any dermatological related (44.4%) ADRs. It is paramount to timely monitor and proactively manages ADRs pertaining to anti-TB drug treatment with minimal alteration in the treatment course.","['D006801', 'D007194', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000995', 'D000328', 'D011446', 'D008875', 'D014376', 'D064420', 'D000293', 'D055815', 'D023801', 'D000368']"
38934808,Clinical Profile and Outcome in Snake Envenomation in the Maval Region of Western Maharashtra: A Rural Tertiary Health-care Hospital Experience.,"A prospective observational study was conducted in a rural tertiary health-care hospital in the Maval region to analyze sociodemographic contributors, clinical profile, and outcomes in snake envenomation. Fifty-eight patients with confirmed snakebites admitted to the hospital from November 2019 to August 2021 were studied. Snakebite was found to be the most common in middle-aged adult male agricultural population while working outdoors in the daytime. Bleeding from the bite site and other areas such as the oral cavity, swelling, and bluish discoloration of the affected limb were the clinical features observed. Complications such as cellulitis and acute kidney injury were detected in 81% of patients. Despite this, there was no mortality or permanent disability in any of the patients. The knowledge of risk factors can help the vulnerable agrarian population to protect themselves from snakebites. Good medical facilities such as intensive care units, laboratory support, and availability of antisnake venom and blood products are important determinants in final patient outcome.","['D012909', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D007194', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D011446', 'D005260', 'D062606', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D012307', 'D000997', 'D000368']"
38934350,Types of childhood maltreatment as predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder severity and complex posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with substance use disorders.,"Background: Childhood maltreatment (CM) can be divided into: emotional abuse (EA), physical abuse (PA), sexual abuse (SA), emotional neglect (EN), and physical neglect (PN). CM is associated with (Complex)Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD/CPTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD).Objective: This cross-sectional study examined the relationships between CM-subtypes with PTSD-severity and CPTSD in patients with SUD-PTSD.Method: Participants (N = 209) were treatment-seeking SUD-PTSD patients who completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-short form, the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 and the International Trauma Questionnaire. Regression analyses and a model selection procedure to select an optimal model were used to examine CM-subtypes as predictors of (C)PTSD, adjusted for sex and age.Results: Total CM and all CM-types significantly predicted PTSD-severity in the univariate regression analysis, with EA begin the strongest predictor. In the multiple regression only SA predicted PTSD-severity. Subsequently, model selection indicated that the optimal model to predict PTSD-severity included EA and SA. In the univariate analyses total CM, EA, and PN significantly predicted CPTSD-classification, and total CM and all CM-types significantly predicted CPTSD-severity. In the multiple regression for CPTSD-classification only EA and PA were significant predictors and for CPTSD-severity EA, PA and SA were significant predictors. In post-hoc multiple regression analyses, only EA was a significant predictor of CPTSD-classification and CPTSD-severity. Finally, in the model selection the most parsimonious model only included EA for both CPTSD-classification and CPTSD-severity. Sex was not a moderator in the relationship between CM and PTSD, nor in CM and CPTSD.Conclusions: These findings indicate that for SUD-PTSD patients, several CM-types have predictive value for (C)PTSD-severity, however SA and especially EA appear to contribute to these complaints. Since EA does not constitute an A-criterion, it is generally more overlooked in PTSD treatment. Its impact should therefore be underlined, and clinicians should be attentive to EA in their treatment.","['D006801', 'D013313', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D019966', 'D003430', 'D000328', 'D011795', 'D002649', 'D054523', 'D008875', 'D012720', 'D002648']"
38934322,Intoxication cases in the Emergency Department at a Norwegian University Hospital 2019-20.,"Acute intoxication is a common chief complaint in emergency medicine, but there is a lack of up-to-date studies from the emergency departments in Norway on the incidence and prevalence of various toxic substances. The aim of this study was to survey acute intoxications at the emergency department of St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim.","['D006801', 'D009664', 'D004636', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D006785', 'D008875', 'D055815', 'D011041', 'D001569', 'D000435', 'D012189', 'D015994', 'D000293', 'D062787']"
38934309,Anaphylaxis triggered by alpha-gal allergy.,"Alpha-gal allergy or red meat allergy is a rare yet potentially severe allergy. Sensitisation usually occurs when alpha-gal present in the tick's saliva is transferred to humans during a tick bite, prompting the production of IgE antibodies to alpha-gal. Subsequent exposure to mammalian meat or other products containing alpha-gal can lead to allergic reactions.","['D006801', 'D000707', 'D005512', 'D008297', 'D007073', 'D064927', 'D008875', 'D000069466']"
38933276,Human antibodies neutralizing the alpha-latrotoxin of the European black widow.,"Poisoning by widow-spider (genus Latrodectus) bites occurs worldwide. The illness, termed latrodectism, can cause severe and persistent pain and can lead to muscle rigidity, respiratory complications, and cardiac problems. It is a global health challenge especially in developing countries. Equine serum-derived polyclonal anti-sera are commercially available as a medication for patients with latrodectism, but the use of sera imposes potential inherent risks related to its animal origin. The treatment may cause allergic reactions in humans (serum sickness), including anaphylactic shock. Furthermore, equine-derived antivenom is observed to have batch-to-batch variability and poor specificity, as it is always an undefined mix of antibodies. Because latrodectism can be extremely painful but is rarely fatal, the use of antivenom is controversial and only a small fraction of patients is treated. In this work, recombinant human antibodies were selected against alpha-latrotoxin of the European black widow (Latrodectus tredecimguttatus) by phage display from a naïve antibody gene library. Alpha-Latrotoxin (α-LTX) binding scFv were recloned and produced as fully human IgG. A novel alamarBlue assay for venom neutralization was developed and used to select neutralizing IgGs. The human antibodies showed in vitro neutralization efficacy both as single antibodies and antibody combinations. This was also confirmed by electrophysiological measurements of neuronal activity in cell culture. The best neutralizing antibodies showed nanomolar affinities. Antibody MRU44-4-A1 showed outstanding neutralization efficacy and affinity to L. tredecimguttatus α-LTX. Interestingly, only two of the neutralizing antibodies showed cross-neutralization of the venom of the Southern black widow (Latrodectus mactans). This was unexpected, because in the current literature the alpha-latrotoxins are described as highly conserved. The here-engineered antibodies are candidates for future development as potential therapeutics and diagnostic tools, as they for the first time would provide unlimited supply of a chemically completely defined drug of constant quality and efficacy, which is also made without the use of animals.","['D006801', 'D000818', 'D001740', 'D057134', 'D013111', 'D000997', 'D057127', 'D001098', 'D007074']"
38932776,Injection preparation filtration and health concerns among indigenous people who inject methamphetamine.,"Injecting methamphetamine poses significant health risks, but little is known about how methamphetamine injectors filter their injection preparations and experience related health concerns.","['D006801', 'D008694', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D015819', 'D005374', 'D008875', 'D000081034', 'D055815', 'D007407']"
38932269,Missed Opportunities: A Retrospective Study of Hepatitis C Testing in Hospital Inpatients.,"Increasing testing is key to achieving hepatitis C elimination. This retrospective study aimed to assess the testing cascade of patients at a regional hospital in Victoria, Australia, who inject drugs or are living with hepatitis C, to identify missed opportunities for hepatitis C care. Adult hospital inpatients and emergency department (ED) attendees from 2018 to 2021 with indications for intravenous drug use (IDU) or hepatitis C on their discharge or ED summary were included. Data sources: hospital admissions, pathology, hospital pharmacy, and outpatients. We assessed progression through the testing cascade and performed logistic regression analysis for predictors of hepatitis C care, including testing and treatment. Of 79,923 adults admitted, 1345 (1.7%) had IDU-coded separations and 628 (0.8%) had hepatitis C-coded separations (N = 1892). Hepatitis C virus (HCV) status at the end of the study was unknown for 1569 (82.9%). ED admissions were associated with increased odds of not providing hepatitis C care (odds ratio 3.29, 95% confidence interval 2.42-4.48). More than 2% of inpatients at our hospital have an indication for testing, however, most are not being tested despite their hospital contact. As we work toward HCV elimination in our region, we need to incorporate testing and linkage strategies within hospital departments with a higher prevalence of people at risk of infection.","['D006801', 'D012189', 'D008297', 'D006526', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D007297', 'D016174', 'D015819', 'D006760', 'D014739', 'D000368', 'D004636', 'D008403', 'D055815']"
38932263,The Impact of Drugs and Substance Abuse on Viral Pathogenesis-A South African Perspective.,"Illicit drug and alcohol abuse have significant negative consequences for individuals who inject drugs/use drugs (PWID/UDs), including decreased immune system function and increased viral pathogenesis. PWID/UDs are at high risk of contracting or transmitting viral illnesses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). In South Africa, a dangerous drug-taking method known as ""Bluetoothing"" has emerged among nyaope users, whereby the users of this drug, after injecting, withdraw blood from their veins and then reinject it into another user. Hence, the transmission of blood-borne viruses (BBVs) is exacerbated by this ""Bluetooth"" practice among nyaope users. Moreover, several substances of abuse promote HIV, HBV, and HCV replication. With a specific focus on the nyaope drug, viral replication, and transmission, we address the important influence of abused addictive substances and polysubstance use in this review.","['D006801', 'D019966', 'D013019', 'D006526', 'D006509', 'D015658', 'D014779', 'D013287', 'D006515', 'D014777', 'D000086982', 'D016174', 'D015819']"
38932249,"Hepatitis C (HCV) Reinfection and Risk Factors among Clients of a Low-Threshold Primary Healthcare Service for People Who Inject Drugs in Sydney, Australia.","Hepatitis C (HCV) reinfection studies have not focused on primary healthcare services in Australia, where priority populations including people who inject drugs (PWID) typically engage in healthcare. We aimed to describe the incidence of HCV reinfection and associated risk factors in a cohort of people most at risk of reinfection in a real-world community setting. We conducted a secondary analysis of routinely collected HCV testing and treatment data from treatment episodes initiated with direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy between October 2015 and June 2021. The overall proportion of clients (N = 413) reinfected was 9% (N = 37), and the overall incidence rate of HCV reinfection was 9.5/100PY (95% CI: 6.3-14.3). Reinfection incidence rates varied by sub-group and were highest for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people (20.4/100PY; 95% CI: 12.1-34.4). Among PWID (N= 321), only Aboriginality was significantly associated with reinfection (AOR: 2.73, 95% CI: 1.33-5.60, p = 0.006). High rates of HCV reinfection in populations with multiple vulnerabilities and continued drug use, especially among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, highlight the need for ongoing regular HCV testing and retreatment in order to achieve HCV elimination. A priority is resourcing testing and treatment for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people. Our findings support the need for novel and holistic healthcare strategies for PWID and the upscaling of Indigenous cultural approaches and interventions.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012307', 'D000328', 'D015819', 'D006526', 'D001315', 'D000084063', 'D011320', 'D008875', 'D015994', 'D000998', 'D016174', 'D044468', 'D055815']"
38932168,Bat Bites and Rabies PEP in the Croatian Reference Centre for Rabies 1995-2020.,"Seroprevalence of lyssaviruses in certain bat species has been proven in the Republic of Croatia, but there have been no confirmed positive bat brain isolates or human fatalities associated with bat injuries/bites. The study included a retrospective analysis of bat injuries/bites, post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and geographic distribution of bat injuries in persons examined at the Zagreb Antirabies Clinic, the Croatian Reference Centre for Rabies. In the period 1995-2020, we examined a total of 21,910 patients due to animal injuries, of which 71 cases were bat-related (0.32%). Of the above number of patients, 4574 received rabies PEP (20.87%). However, for bat injuries, the proportion of patients receiving PEP was significantly higher: 66 out of 71 patients (92.95%). Of these, 33 received only the rabies vaccine, while the other 33 patients received the vaccine with human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG). In five cases, PEP was not administered, as there was no indication for treatment. Thirty-five of the injured patients were biologists or biology students (49.29%). The bat species was confirmed in only one of the exposure cases. This was a serotine bat (Eptesicus serotinus), a known carrier of Lyssavirus hamburg. The results showed that the bat bites were rather sporadic compared to other human injuries caused by animal bites. All bat injuries should be treated as if they were caused by a rabid animal, and according to WHO recommendations. People who come into contact with bats should be strongly advised to be vaccinated against rabies. Entering bat habitats should be done with caution and in accordance with current recommendations, and nationwide surveillance should be carried out by competent institutions and in close collaboration between bat experts, epidemiologists and rabies experts.","['D011818', 'D002685', 'D006801', 'D000818', 'D056990', 'D017523', 'D005260', 'D001733', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D012189', 'D008875', 'D055815', 'D011819', 'D000293', 'D002648', 'D011820', 'D000368', 'D002675', 'D016036', 'D018114']"
38932151,Virologic Response and Reinfection Following HCV Treatment among Hospitalized People Who Inject Drugs: Follow-Up Data from the OPPORTUNI-C Trial.,"Treatment of hepatitis C among people who inject drugs (PWID) may be complicated by loss to follow-up and reinfection. We aimed to evaluate sustained virologic response (SVR) and reinfection, and to validate complete pharmacy dispensation as a proxy for cure among PWID enrolled in a trial of opportunistic HCV treatment. Data were obtained by reviewing the electronic patient files and supplemented by outreach HCV RNA testing. Reinfection was defined based on clinical, behavioral, and virological data. Intention to treat SVR ≥ 4 within 2 years after enrolment was accomplished by 59 of 98 (60% [95% CI 50-70]) during intervention conditions (opportunistic treatment) and by 57 of 102 (56% [95% CI 46-66]) during control conditions (outpatient treatment). The time to end of treatment response (ETR) or SVR ≥ 4 was shorter among intervention participants (HR 1.55 [1.08-2.22]; p = 0.016). Of participants with complete dispensation, 132 of 145 (91%) achieved ETR or SVR > 4 (OR 12.7 [95% CI 4.3-37.8]; p < 0.001). Four cases of reinfection were identified (incidence 3.8/100 PY [95% CI 1.0-9.7]). Although SVR was similar, the time to virologic cure was shorter among intervention participants. Complete dispensation is a valid correlate for cure among individuals at risk of loss to follow-up. Reinfection following successful treatment remains a concern.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000084063', 'D000328', 'D015819', 'D000072230', 'D008875', 'D000998', 'D016174', 'D005500', 'D006526', 'D016896', 'D006760', 'D012367']"
38931214,Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides Ameliorate Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis along the Nrf2 Pathway.,"The excessive employment of acetaminophen (APAP) is capable of generating oxidative stress and apoptosis, which ultimately result in acute liver injury (ALI). Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs) exhibit hepatoprotective activity, yet the protective impact and potential mechanism of GLPs in relation to APAP-induced ALI remain ambiguous. The intention of this research was to scrutinize the effect of GLPs on APAP-induced ALI and to shed light on their potential mechanism. The results demonstrated that GLPs were capable of notably alleviating the oxidative stress triggered by APAP, as shown through a significant drop in the liver index, the activities of serum ALT and AST, and the amounts of ROS and MDA in liver tissue, along with an increase in the levels of SOD, GSH, and GSH-Px. Within these, the hepatoprotective activity at the high dose was the most conspicuous, and its therapeutic efficacy surpassed that of the positive drug (bifendate). The results of histopathological staining (HE) and apoptosis staining (TUNEL) indicated that GLPs could remarkably inhibit the necrosis of hepatocytes, the permeation of inflammatory cells, and the occurrence of apoptosis induced by APAP. Moreover, Western blot analysis manifested that GLPs enhanced the manifestation of Nrf2 and its subsequent HO-1, GCLC, and NQO1 proteins within the Nrf2 pathway. The results of qPCR also indicated that GLPs augmented the expression of antioxidant genes Nrf2, HO-1, GCLC, and NQO1. The results reveal that GLPs are able to set off the Nrf2 signaling path and attenuate ALI-related oxidative stress and apoptosis, which is a potential natural medicine for the therapy of APAP-induced liver injury.","['D000082', 'D018384', 'D017209', 'D020940', 'D056486', 'D051267', 'D000818', 'D008297', 'D011134', 'D015398', 'D008099', 'D051379', 'D062610', 'D000975']"
38929621,Effectiveness of Gabapentin as a Benzodiazepine-Sparing Agent in Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome.,"Background and Objectives: Gabapentin has shown promise as a potential agent for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of gabapentin as a benzodiazepine-sparing agent in patients undergoing alcohol withdrawal treatment in all the hospitals of a large tertiary healthcare system. Materials and Methods: Medical records of patients admitted to the hospital for alcohol withdrawal management between 1 January 2020 and 31 August 2022 were reviewed. Patients were divided into two cohorts: benzodiazepine-only treatment who received benzodiazepines as the primary pharmacotherapy and gabapentin adjunctive treatment who received gabapentin in addition to benzodiazepines. The outcomes assessed included the total benzodiazepine dosage administered during the treatment and the length of hospital stay. The statistical models were calibrated to account for various factors. Results: A total of 4364 patients were included in the final analysis. Among these, 79 patients (1.8%) received gabapentin in addition to benzodiazepines, and 4285 patients (98.2%) received benzodiazepines only. Patients administered gabapentin required significantly lower average cumulative benzodiazepine dosages, approximately 17.9% less, compared to those not receiving gabapentin (median 2 mg vs. 4 mg of lorazepam equivalent dose (p < 0.01)). However, there were no significant differences in outcomes between the two groups. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that using gabapentin with benzodiazepine was associated with a reduction in the cumulative benzodiazepine dosage for alcohol withdrawal. Considering gabapentin as an adjunctive therapy holds promise for patients with comorbidities who could benefit from reducing benzodiazepine dose. This strategy warrants further investigation.","['D006801', 'D000077206', 'D008297', 'D001569', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D013375', 'D000328', 'D012189', 'D016896', 'D000368', 'D007902']"
38929508,The Relationship between Fragmented QRS and Myocardial Injury in Patients with Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning.,"Background and Objectives: Carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication is one of the most common causes of poisoning-related deaths and complications. Myocardial injury is an important complication of CO poisoning. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between the presence and prevalence of fragmented QRS (fQRS) and myocardial injury in patients with CO intoxication. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients who presented to the emergency department of our tertiary care center with CO intoxication between January 2020 and December 2023. In our study, we performed subgroup analyses according to the presence of myocardial injury and fQRS. We evaluated the parameters and risk factors associated with myocardial injury. Results: Myocardial injury was detected in 44 patients, and fQRS was detected in 38 patients. In the myocardial injury (+) group, the fQRS rate was 38.6%, and the median number of leads with fQRS was 3 (2-6) and was significantly higher than in the myocardial injury (-) group (p < 0.001). We found that carboxyhemoglobin had a significant positive correlation with troponin (p = 0.001) and pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (proBNP) (p = 0.009). As a result of multivariate analysis, we determined that age, creatinine, proBNP, fQRS, and ≥3 leads with fQRS are independent risk factors for myocardial injury. Conclusions: Myocardial injury in CO intoxication patients is associated with proBNP, the presence of fQRS, and the number of leads with fQRS. Age, creatinine level, proBNP, the presence of fQRS, and ≥3 leads with fQRS are independent risk factors for myocardial injury in patients with CO intoxication.","['D006801', 'D002249', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D008875', 'D004562', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D012307', 'D020097', 'D002263', 'D014336']"
38929040,The Impact of Nonpharmacological Interventions on Opioid Use for Chronic Noncancer Pain: A Scoping Review.,"Despite the lack of evidence, opioids are still routinely used as a solution to long-term management for chronic noncancer pain (CNCP). Given the significant risks associated with long-term opioid use, including the increased number of unregulated opioid pills at large in the opioid ecosystem, opioid cessation or reduction may be the desired goal of the patient and clinician. Viable nonpharmacological interventions (NPIs) to complement and/or replace opioids for CNCP are needed. Comprehensive reviews that address the impact of NPIs to help adults with CNCP reduce opioid use safely are lacking. We conducted a literature search in PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and Scopus for studies published in English. The initial search was conducted in April 2021, and updated in January 2024. The literature search yielded 19,190 relevant articles. Thirty-nine studies met the eligibility criteria and underwent data extraction. Of these, nineteen (49%) were randomized controlled trials, eighteen (46%) were observational studies, and two (5%) were secondary analyses. Among adults with CNCP who use opioids for pain management, studies on mindfulness, yoga, educational programs, certain devices or digital technology, chiropractic, and combination NPIs suggest that they might be an effective approach for reducing both pain intensity and opioid use, but other NPIs did not show a significant effect (e.g., hypnosis, virtual reality). This review revealed there is a small to moderate body of literature demonstrating that some NPIs might be an effective and safe approach for reducing pain and opioid use, concurrently.","['D006801', 'D059350', 'D000701', 'D009293', 'D059408']"
38929023,The Cumulative Effect of Expanding the Breadth and Scope of Coverage for Substance Use Disorder Treatment on Behavioral Health Acute Inpatient Admissions: Evidence from Virginia Medicaid.,"We evaluated the impact of Medicaid policies in Virginia (VA), namely the Addiction and Recovery Treatment Services (ARTS) program and Medicaid expansion, on the number of behavioral health acute inpatient admissions from 2016 to 2019. We used Poisson fixed-effect event study regression and compared average proportional differences in admissions over three time periods: (1) prior to ARTS; (2) following ARTS but before Medicaid expansion; (3) post-Medicaid expansion. The number of behavioral health acute inpatient admissions decreased by 2.6% (95% CI [-5.1, -0.2]) in the first quarter of 2018 and this decrease gradually intensified by 4.9% (95% CI [-7.5, -2.4]) in the fourth quarter of 2018 compared to the second quarter of 2017 (beginning of ARTS) in VA relative to North Carolina (NC). Following the first quarter of 2019 (beginning of Medicaid expansion), decreases in VA admissions became larger relative to NC. The average proportional difference in admissions estimated a decrease of 2.7% (95% CI, [-4.1, -0.8]) after ARTS but before Medicaid expansion and a decrease of 2.9% (95% CI, [-6.1, 0.4]) post-Medicaid expansion compared to pre-ARTS in VA compared to NC. Behavioral health acute inpatient admissions in VA decreased following ARTS implementation, and the decrease became larger after Medicaid expansion.","['D008484', 'D014768', 'D006801', 'D019966', 'D014481', 'D006760', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D007297', 'D008875']"
38928941,"The Role of Parenting Behaviors and Their Influence on Adolescent Drunk and Drugged Driving: 2016-2019, USA.","Drugged driving, the act of driving a vehicle under the influence of illicit drugs, by adolescents is a serious public health concern. Many factors contribute to this risk behavior, but much less is known regarding the role of parenting behaviors in this phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to examine specific parenting behaviors and their influence among a nationally representative sample of adolescents. Pooled data from the 2016-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) among 17,520 adolescents ages 16-17 years old were analyzed. Differences were found in specific parenting behaviors and adolescent drugged/drunk driving, with parents not checking homework and not telling their children they are proud of them being the most influential. Findings from the present study may inform drugged driving prevention programs for parents and adolescents and enhance road safety interventions.","['D006801', 'D000293', 'D016487', 'D014481', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000066448', 'D000294', 'D001334', 'D012309', 'D019966']"
38928904,"Community Perceptions of Blackfly Nuisance and Acceptability of the ""Slash and Clear"" Vector Control Approach in the Ntui Health District of Cameroon: A Qualitative Study.","Besides being vectors of the onchocerciasis parasite, blackflies are a source of nuisance in onchocerciasis-endemic communities. We investigated the experience of residents in the Ntui Health District (Cameroon) regarding blackfly nuisance and assessed their perceptions of a novel ""Slash and Clear"" (S&C) intervention for blackfly control. Focus group discussions were conducted before and after S&C implementation (respectively, in February 2022 and December 2023). Blackflies were known to emerge from the river areas and cause disease. To prevent blackfly bites, the population often covered their body with protective clothing and applied various substances (kerosene, oil, or lemon) to their skin. Post-intervention data showed reduced blackfly nuisance, and the willingness to sustain blackfly control in the long-term was unanimous among community leaders and members, including the village volunteers who implemented the S&C intervention. In conclusion, blackfly nuisance is evident in the Ntui onchocerciasis focus of Cameroon and led to a panoply of coping practices, some of which could be detrimental to their health. Implementing S&C for blackfly control is well accepted and could sustainably alleviate the nuisance caused by blackflies while simultaneously breaking the onchocerciasis transmission cycle.","['D002163', 'D000818', 'D012843', 'D006801', 'D009855', 'D007300', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D007303', 'D008875', 'D017144', 'D007722', 'D055815', 'D007299']"
38928368,"Copper, Iron, Cadmium, and Arsenic, All Generated in the Universe: Elucidating Their Environmental Impact Risk on Human Health Including Clinical Liver Injury.","Humans are continuously exposed to various heavy metals including copper, iron, cadmium, and arsenic, which were specifically selected for the current analysis because they are among the most frequently encountered environmental mankind and industrial pollutants potentially causing human health hazards and liver injury. So far, these issues were poorly assessed and remained a matter of debate, also due to inconsistent results. The aim of the actual report is to thoroughly analyze the positive as well as negative effects of these four heavy metals on human health. Copper and iron are correctly viewed as pollutant elements essential for maintaining human health because they are part of important enzymes and metabolic pathways. Healthy individuals are prepared through various genetically based mechanisms to maintain cellular copper and iron homeostasis, thereby circumventing or reducing hazardous liver and organ injury due to excessive amounts of these metals continuously entering the human body. In a few humans with gene aberration, however, liver and organ injury may develop because excessively accumulated copper can lead to Wilson disease and substantial iron deposition to hemochromatosis. At the molecular level, toxicities of some heavy metals are traced back to the Haber Weiss and Fenton reactions involving reactive oxygen species formed in the course of oxidative stress. On the other hand, cellular homeostasis for cadmium and arsenic cannot be provided, causing their life-long excessive deposition in the liver and other organs. Consequently, cadmium and arsenic represent health hazards leading to higher disability-adjusted life years and increased mortality rates due to cancer and non-cancer diseases. For unknown reasons, however, liver injury in humans exposed to cadmium and arsenic is rarely observed. In sum, copper and iron are good for the human health of most individuals except for those with Wilson disease or hemochromatosis at risk of liver injury through radical formation, while cadmium and arsenic lack any beneficial effects but rather are potentially hazardous to human health with a focus on increased disability potential and risk for cancer. Primary efforts should focus on reducing the industrial emission of hazardous heavy metals.","['D006801', 'D001151', 'D007501', 'D002104', 'D003300', 'D004781', 'D004785', 'D056486', 'D008099', 'D019216', 'D018384']"
38928270,"Association Study of Serotonin 1A Receptor Gene, Personality, and Anxiety in Women with Alcohol Use Disorder.","Alcohol use disorder is considered a chronic and relapsing disorder affecting the central nervous system. The serotonergic system, mainly through its influence on the mesolimbic dopaminergic reward system, has been postulated to play a pivotal role in the underlying mechanism of alcohol dependence. The study aims to analyse the association of the rs6295 polymorphism of the 5HTR1A gene in women with alcohol use disorder and the association of personality traits with the development of alcohol dependence, as well as the interaction of the rs6295, personality traits, and anxiety with alcohol dependence in women. The study group consisted of 213 female volunteers: 101 with alcohol use disorder and 112 controls. NEO Five-Factor and State-Trait Anxiety Inventories were applied for psychometric testing. Genotyping of rs6295 was performed by real-time PCR. We did not observe significant differences in 5HTR1A rs6295 genotypes (p = 0.2709) or allele distribution (p = 0.4513). The AUD subjects scored higher on the anxiety trait (p < 0.0001) and anxiety state (p < 0.0001) scales, as well as on the neuroticism (p < 0.0001) and openness (p = 0134) scales. Significantly lower scores were obtained by the AUD subjects on the extraversion (p < 0.0001), agreeability (p < 0.0001), and conscientiousness (p < 0.0001) scales. Additionally, we observed a significant effect of 5HTR1A rs6295 genotype interaction and alcohol dependency, or lack thereof, on the openness scale (p = 0.0016). In summary, this study offers a comprehensive overview of alcohol dependence among women. It offers valuable insights into this complex topic, contributing to a more nuanced understanding of substance use among this specific demographic. Additionally, these findings may have implications for developing prevention and intervention strategies tailored to individual genetic and, most importantly, personality and anxiety differences.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D044282', 'D000437', 'D010551', 'D000328', 'D001007', 'D008875', 'D020641', 'D005838', 'D020022', 'D000483', 'D056726', 'D016022']"
38928257,Ion Channel and Transporter Involvement in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity.,"The peripheral nervous system can encounter alterations due to exposure to some of the most commonly used anticancer drugs (platinum drugs, taxanes, vinca alkaloids, proteasome inhibitors, thalidomide), the so-called chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN). CIPN can be long-lasting or even permanent, and it is detrimental for the quality of life of cancer survivors, being associated with persistent disturbances such as sensory loss and neuropathic pain at limb extremities due to a mostly sensory axonal polyneuropathy/neuronopathy. In the state of the art, there is no efficacious preventive/curative treatment for this condition. Among the reasons for this unmet clinical and scientific need, there is an uncomplete knowledge of the pathogenetic mechanisms. Ion channels and transporters are pivotal elements in both the central and peripheral nervous system, and there is a growing body of literature suggesting that they might play a role in CIPN development. In this review, we first describe the biophysical properties of these targets and then report existing data for the involvement of ion channels and transporters in CIPN, thus paving the way for new approaches/druggable targets to cure and/or prevent CIPN.","['D006801', 'D000970', 'D010523', 'D007473', 'D000818', 'D020258', 'D026901', 'D009369']"
38928231,Ibogaine Induces Cardiotoxic Necrosis in Rats-The Role of Redox Processes.,"Ibogaine is an organic indole alkaloid that is used in alternative medicine to combat addiction. Numerous cases of life-threatening complications and sudden deaths associated with ibogaine use have been reported, and it has been hypothesized that the adverse effects are related to ibogaine's tendency to induce cardiac arrhythmias. Considering that the bioavailability of ibogaine and its primary metabolite noribogaine is two to three times higher in female rats than in male rats, we here investigated the effect of a single oral dose (1 or 20 mg/kg) of ibogaine on cardiac histopathology and oxidative/antioxidant balance. Our results show that ibogaine induced dose-dependent cardiotoxic necrosis 6 and 24 h after treatment and that this necrosis was not a consequence of inflammation. In addition, no consistent dose- and time-dependent changes in antioxidant defense or indicators of oxidative damage were observed. The results of this study may contribute to a better understanding of ibogaine-induced cardiotoxicity, which is one of the main side effects of ibogaine use in humans and is often fatal. Nevertheless, based on this experiment, it is not possible to draw a definitive conclusion regarding the role of redox processes or oxidative stress in the occurrence of cardiotoxic necrosis after ibogaine administration.","['D000818', 'D007050', 'D009336', 'D051381', 'D010084', 'D018384', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D066126', 'D000975', 'D009206', 'D017208']"
38928227,Glutamate-Mediated Excitotoxicity in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Neurodevelopmental and Adult Mental Disorders.,"Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain wherein it controls cognitive functional domains and mood. Indeed, brain areas involved in memory formation and consolidation as well as in fear and emotional processing, such as the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala, are predominantly glutamatergic. To ensure the physiological activity of the brain, glutamatergic transmission is finely tuned at synaptic sites. Disruption of the mechanisms responsible for glutamate homeostasis may result in the accumulation of excessive glutamate levels, which in turn leads to increased calcium levels, mitochondrial abnormalities, oxidative stress, and eventually cell atrophy and death. This condition is known as glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and is considered as a pathogenic mechanism in several diseases of the central nervous system, including neurodevelopmental, substance abuse, and psychiatric disorders. On the other hand, these disorders share neuroplasticity impairments in glutamatergic brain areas, which are accompanied by structural remodeling of glutamatergic neurons. In the current narrative review, we will summarize the role of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in both the pathophysiology and therapeutic interventions of neurodevelopmental and adult mental diseases with a focus on autism spectrum disorders, substance abuse, and psychiatric disorders. Indeed, glutamatergic drugs are under preclinical and clinical development for the treatment of different mental diseases that share glutamatergic neuroplasticity dysfunctions. Although clinical evidence is still limited and more studies are required, the regulation of glutamate homeostasis is attracting attention as a potential crucial target for the control of brain diseases.","['D006801', 'D018698', 'D001523', 'D000818', 'D065886', 'D009473', 'D001921', 'D000328', 'D019966', 'D000067877']"
38928154,"Analysis of the BDNF Gene rs6265 Polymorphism in a Group of Women with Alcohol Use Disorder, Taking into Account Personality Traits.","It seems that BDNF has a direct influence on the brain pathways and is typically engaged during the processing of rewards. A surge in BDNF levels in the ventral tegmental area (the region from which the dopaminergic neurons of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system originate and extend to the dorsolateral and ventromedial striatum) triggers a state of reward similar to that produced by opiates in animal studies. The aims of the study were (1) to analyze the association of the BDNF gene rs6265 polymorphism with AUD (alcohol use disorder) in women, (2) analyze personality and anxiety in alcohol-dependent and control woman, and (3) conduct an interaction analysis of rs6265 on personality, anxiety, and alcohol dependence. Our study found a notable interaction between the anxiety (trait and state), neuroticism, rs6265, and AUD. The alcohol AUD G/A genotype carriers revealed higher level of the anxiety trait (p < 0.0001) and neuroticism (p < 0.0001) compared to the control group with G/A and G/G genotypes. The alcohol use disorder subjects with the G/A genotype displayed higher levels of an anxiety state than the control group with G/A (p < 0.0001) and G/G (p = 0.0014) genotypes. Additionally, the alcohol use disorder subjects with the G/G genotype obtained lower levels of agreeability compared to the controls with G/A (p < 0.0001) and G/G (p < 0.0001) genotypes. Our study indicates that anxiety (trait and state) and neuroticism are interacting with the BDNF gene rs6265 polymorphism in alcohol-dependent women. Characteristics like anxiety (both as a trait and a state) and neuroticism could have a significant impact on the mechanism of substance dependency, particularly in females who are genetically susceptible. This is regardless of the reward system that is implicated in the emotional disruptions accompanying anxiety and depression.","['D006801', 'D019208', 'D005260', 'D000437', 'D000328', 'D020641', 'D010551', 'D008875', 'D001007', 'D020022', 'D005838', 'D000075384', 'D016022']"
38928105,JNK Signaling Positively Regulates Acute Ethanol Tolerance in C. elegans.,"Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic neurobehavioral condition characterized by a cycle of tolerance development, increased consumption, and reinstated craving and seeking behaviors during withdrawal. Understanding the intricate mechanisms of AUD necessitates reliable animal models reflecting its key features. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), with its conserved nervous system and genetic tractability, has emerged as a valuable model organism to study AUD. Here, we employ an ethanol vapor exposure model in Caenorhabditis elegans, recapitulating AUD features while maintaining high-throughput scalability. We demonstrate that ethanol vapor exposure induces intoxication-like behaviors, acute tolerance, and ethanol preference, akin to mammalian AUD traits. Leveraging this model, we elucidate the conserved role of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling in mediating acute ethanol tolerance. Mutants lacking JNK signaling components exhibit impaired tolerance development, highlighting JNK's positive regulation. Furthermore, we detect ethanol-induced JNK activation in C. elegans. Our findings underscore the utility of C. elegans with ethanol vapor exposure for studying AUD and offer novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying acute ethanol tolerance through JNK signaling.","['D000818', 'D017173', 'D000431', 'D004361', 'D029742', 'D020935', 'D048031', 'D000437', 'D004195']"
38928075,Being Stung Once or Twice by Bees (Apis mellifera L.) Slightly Disturbed the Serum Metabolome of SD Rats to a Similar Extent.,"In most cases, the number of honeybee stings received by the body is generally small, but honeybee stings can still cause serious allergic reactions. This study fully simulated bee stings under natural conditions and used 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) to analyze the changes in the serum metabolome of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats stung once or twice by honeybees to verify the impact of this mild sting on the body and its underlying mechanism. The differentially abundant metabolites between the blank control rats and the rats stung by honeybees included four amino acids (aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, and valine) and four organic acids (ascorbic acid, lactate, malate, and pyruvate). There was no separation between the sting groups, indicating that the impact of stinging once or twice on the serum metabolome was similar. Using the Principal Component Discriminant Analysis ( PCA-DA) and Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) methods, glucose, lactate, and pyruvate were identified to help distinguish between sting groups and non-sting groups. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed that four metabolic pathways, namely, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, pyruvate metabolism, glutamate metabolism, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, were significantly affected by bee stings. The above results can provide a theoretical basis for future epidemiological studies of bee stings and medical treatment of patients stung by honeybees.","['D000818', 'D001516', 'D055442', 'D051381', 'D017207', 'D007299', 'D008297', 'D053858', 'D025341']"
38928044,Ruthenium Antivenom Inhibits the Defibrinogenating Activity of Crotalus adamanteus Venom in Rabbits.,"Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus) envenomation is a medical emergency encountered in the Southeastern United States. The venom contains a snake venom thrombin-like enzyme (SVTLE) that is defibrinogenating, causing coagulopathy without effects on platelets in humans. This investigation utilized thrombelastographic methods to document this coagulopathy kinetically on the molecular level in a rabbit model of envenomation via the analyses of whole blood samples without and with platelet inhibition. Subsequently, the administration of a novel ruthenium compound containing site-directed antivenom abrogated the coagulopathic effects of envenomation in whole blood without platelet inhibition and significantly diminished loss of coagulation in platelet-inhibited samples. This investigation provides coagulation kinetic insights into the molecular interactions and results of SVTLE on fibrinogen-dependent coagulation and confirmation of the efficacy of a ruthenium antivenom. These results serve as a rationale to investigate the coagulopathic effects of other venoms with this model and assess the efficacy of this site-directed antivenom.","['D000818', 'D011817', 'D000997', 'D017839', 'D003435', 'D001777', 'D013916', 'D012428', 'D012909', 'D008297', 'D000097222']"
38926898,Vulnerability factors of snake bite patients in China.,To analyze the vulnerability factors of snakebite patients in China.,"['D012909', 'D006801', 'D002681', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D007722', 'D008875', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D000997', 'D012307', 'D011795', 'D000368']"
38926824,"Prevalence and factors associated with illicit drug and high-risk alcohol use among adolescents living in urban slums of Kampala, Uganda.","Illicit drug and high-risk alcohol use among adolescents leads to poor health outcomes. We enrolled adolescents from urban slums in Kampala, Uganda, to assess baseline prevalence and factors associated with illicit drug and high-risk alcohol consumption.","['D006801', 'D000293', 'D008297', 'D014454', 'D005260', 'D003430', 'D011204', 'D015995', 'D019966', 'D013287', 'D055815', 'D012307', 'D012725', 'D014505', 'D000428']"
38946564,Lessons Learned in Forming an Academic-Community Partnership with Families Affected by the Juvenile Justice System.,"Families of youth involved in the juvenile justice system (YJJ) are integral to YJJ well-being, so it is important to consider the direct input of YJJ families as well as YJJ themselves in justice system reform efforts aiming to improve YJJ health outcomes.","['D006801', 'D055812', 'D007604', 'D000293', 'D003159', 'D014495', 'D005190']"
38944466,[Healthcare professionals' perception of advanced nursing practice in Ehpad with regard to the risk of drug iatrogenicity in heart failure patients].,"Medication iatrogenia is a real public health problem. Elderly people are particularly at risk, due to their multiple pathologies, including heart failure; residents of residential care facilities for the dependent elderly (Ehpad) are no exception. Studies show that this risk is avoidable in 60% of cases, and that advanced practice nurses (APNs) can play a pivotal role in preventive measures. How would the role of the APN be perceived by other healthcare professionals working with these heart failure patients institutionalized in Ehpad?","['D006801', 'D006333', 'D057179', 'D000368', 'D006707', 'D001291', 'D007049', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D005602', 'D009735', 'D011795']"
38943524,Subjective health literacy skills among Greek secondary school students: results from a national-wide survey.,"Health literacy is a significant element of education and is inextricably linked to children's and adolescents' growth and prosperity. It is critical to monitor students' health literacy on a nationwide scale and identify the factors that influence it in order to create policies that advance it. The purpose of this study was to determine the health literacy level of Greek secondary school students and to correlate it with possible determinants such as personal and family characteristics, social support and personal and/or family illness experiences. A representative sample of 2749 seventh-, ninth-, and tenth-grade students was involved. Results showed that a higher motivation to learn about health topics and having positive social interactions and support were strongly associated with a higher level of health literacy. Gender, high academic achievement, absence of learning disabilities, gender, preference for biology and informatics and primary source of health information were also found to influence the skills' level. In order to enhance health literacy, the Greek educational system should take measures to include health literacy skills development goals in their curricula.","['D006801', 'D006115', 'D008297', 'D057220', 'D005260', 'D000293', 'D013334', 'D011795', 'D012944', 'D009042', 'D012574', 'D002648', 'D012737']"
38943218,African swine fever virus DNA is present in non-biting flies collected from outbreak farms in Romania.,"African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and severe haemorrhagic disease of Suidae, with mortalities that approach 100 percent. Several studies suggested the potential implication of non-biting dipterans in the spread of ASFV in pig farms due to the identification of the ASFV DNA. However, to our knowledge, no study has evaluated the viral DNA load in non-biting dipterans collected in outbreak farms and no risk factors have been analysed. In this context, our study aimed to analyse the risk factors associated with the presence of non-biting dipterans collected from ASF outbreaks in relation to the presence and load of viral DNA.","['D000818', 'D000358', 'D000357', 'D013552', 'D004196', 'D000072480', 'D004279', 'D012383', 'D004175', 'D007303']"
38942588,Prevalence and risk factors of scabies among children living in Madrasahs (Islamic religious boarding schools) of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study.,To determine the prevalence and associated factors of scabies among the children living in the Madrasahs (Islamic religious educational institution) of Bangladesh was the objective of the study.,"['D006801', 'D012532', 'D008297', 'D001459', 'D005260', 'D003430', 'D002648', 'D015995', 'D000293', 'D012307', 'D002675', 'D007514', 'D012574']"
38941404,"A cross-sectional study of university students' awareness, knowledge, and attitudes on organ donation and transplantation in Northern Cyprus.","Understanding the knowledge and attitudes of university students regarding organ transplantation and donation is crucial, as these students can significantly influence public opinion and behavior. This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitudes of North Cyprus University students towards organ transplantation and donation.","['D006801', 'D003430', 'D003535', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D007722', 'D009927', 'D014495', 'D013334', 'D055815', 'D016377', 'D000328', 'D011795', 'D000293']"
38941331,An integrated method for the leakage fault mode diagnosis and life prediction of the reactor coolant pump.,"The reactor coolant pump is a key equipment in a nuclear power plant. If the leakage exceeds a certain threshold, it may cause reactor overheating and shutdown. The reactor coolant pump leakage fault usually has two problems: corrosion and scaling. Accurately and efficiently diagnosing the leakage fault mode as early as possible and predicting its remaining useful life (RUL) are important for taking timely maintenance measures. In this paper, an integrated method is proposed. First, the cross-sectional area of the first seal is extracted as a fault indicator. The motivation is that corrosion may enlarge the cross-sectional area, and scaling may reduce the cross-sectional area. Based on the fluid mechanics theory, an integrated model with several uncertain parameters is established among the cross-sectional area, temperature, and leakage at the inlet and outlet of the first seal. In the diagnosing process, a modified change-detection method is proposed to detect the starting point of degradation. Then, the unknown parameters in the previous relation are estimated, and the degrading data before the starting point of degradation are used to diagnose the leakage fault mode. Second, a time-series model of the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) is established to predict the remaining useful life based on the degrading data after the starting point of degradation. Finally, the leakage degrading data from six reactor coolant pumps of a nuclear power plant is used to perform the leakage fault mode diagnosis and life prediction with degradation point detection error rates not exceeding 4%, fault mode diagnosis correction rates 100% and practical RUL predicting results, which proves that the proposed integrated method is accurate and efficient. The proposed integrated method combines the advantages of both the physical model diagnosis and the data-driven model diagnosis and innovatively make use of the quantity of flow from the output side of the primary pump as the monitoring indicator and the cross-sectional area as the characteristic index together to diagnose the leakage fault mode happened to the seal and predict its RUL, which can meet the needs of actual operation and maintenance to ensure a healthy and stable operation of the pump and prevent unexpected shutdowns of nuclear power plants and serious accidents.","['D055848', 'D008962', 'D009688', 'D004868', 'D019544']"
38941298,Dear admission committee…: Which moves in application essays predict student master grades?,"Application essays are a commonly used admission instrument for students entering higher education. The quality of the essay is usually scored, but this score is often subjective and has poor interrater reliability due to the unstructured format of the essays. This results in mixed findings on the validity of application essays as an admission instrument. We propose a more objective method of using application essays, using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), a text mining method, to distinguish seven moves occurring in application essays written by students who apply to a master degree program. We use the probability that these moves occur in the essay to predict study success in the master. Thereby we answer the following research question: What is the effect of discussing different moves in students' application essays on the student grades in a master program? From the seven different moves (functional unit of text) we distinguished, five of which have a significant effect on student grades. The moves we labeled as 'master specific' and 'interest to learn' have a positive effect on student grades, and the moves we labeled as 'research skills', 'societal impact' and 'city and university' have a negative effect. Our interpretation of this finding is that topics related to intrinsic motivation and specific knowledge, as opposed to generic knowledge, are positively related with study success. We thereby demonstrate that application essays can be a valid predictor of study success. This contributes to justifying their use as admission instruments.","['D006801', 'D013334', 'D012570', 'D014495', 'D004521']"
38941279,Characterization of small-scale net fisheries off the coast of Guyana.,"Fish stocks have declined rapidly over the past half-century due to the increased demand for seafood and unsustainable fishing practices. The incidental capture of non-target species (bycatch) is a pervasive issue in fisheries management and has led to population declines in non-target species worldwide. The fisheries sector in Guyana currently supports the livelihoods of over 10,000 Guyanese and contributes approximately 2% to the country's GDP. Bycatch is believed to be a major threat to Guyana's marine fisheries, especially the small-scale sector, due to a lack of management infrastructure and limited data and monitoring. Here, we assessed bycatch in Guyana's artisanal gillnet and Chinese seine fisheries through vessel observations and semi-structured interviews with local fishers. Most of the discarded species documented had no commercial importance to the fisheries in Guyana. Although no statistical difference was observed among the bycatch rates in the gillnet and Chinese seine fisheries, the latter generally had more discarded individuals, most of which were juveniles. The Shannon-Weiner diversity index showed a greater diversity of bycatch species in the gillnet fisheries compared to the Chinese seine. Jaccard's similarity index indicated a low similarity among the gear types. Even though most fishers were aware of bycatch, they did not view it as a major issue and were not interested in reducing their discards. We recommend a collaborative approach in exploring solutions to ensure the ecological and socioeconomic sustainability of the fisheries sector.","['D005398', 'D006172', 'D000818', 'D003247', 'D005399', 'D044822', 'D017747']"
38941216,"[Dr. Valentin Grandis and Dr. Virgilio Ducceschi, two italian masters who initiated Experimental Physiology at the Faculty of Medical Sciences - Universidad Nacional De Cordoba (Argentina)].","This paper examines the significant contribution of Dr. Valentín Grandis and Dr. Virgilio Ducceschi to the founding and development of experimental physiology at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the National University of Córdoba (UNC), Argentina. Although the most notable contribution to the field of experimental physiology in Argentina is attributed to Bernardo Alberto Houssay, this study highlights the importance of the previous and fundamental efforts of Grandis and Ducceschi, two Italian professors whose work in Buenos Aires and Córdoba laid the foundations for research and teaching in this discipline. The paper details how, in 1904, the arrival of Valentin Grandis at the UNC marked the formal beginning of the teaching and practice of experimental physiology at the institution, followed by the incorporation of Virgilio Ducceschi, who continued and expanded Grandis' legacy. The work of these two Italian masters involved not only the installation of a state-of-the-art laboratory but also the establishment of a solid academic and scientific foundation that would influence future generations of Argentine physicians and researchers. Through a detailed analysis of their biographies, scientific contributions, and the impact of their work, this paper illustrates how Grandis and Ducceschi were key figures in the development of medical science in Argentina, particularly in the field of experimental physiology. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of their educational approach and their ability to train disciples who would continue their research, thus ensuring the permanence of their legacy at the National University of Córdoba and in Argentine science in general. In conclusion, this paper vindicates and celebrates the contributions of Valentín Grandis and Virgilio Ducceschi to the initiation of research and experimentation in physiology and biological chemistry at the UNC, highlighting their importance in the advancement of medicine and science in Argentina.","['D001118', 'D007558', 'D010827', 'D049673', 'D005180', 'D012577', 'D006801', 'D014495']"
38941017,Metaproteomic Analysis of Microbial Communities Affecting Fishery Products.,"Fishery products are one of the main human nutritional sources, and due to the consumption increase, the quality of the derived products may be modified, during catching, technological processing, and storage. Detection and identification of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms in fishery products is needed because the first may be involved in human diseases, while the second is responsible of significant economic losses. In this sense, liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method and computational analysis of MS data are useful tools for characterizing and identifying different microorganisms and to develop promising strategies for food science investigations. Moreover, in the past decade, metaproteomic methodologies have progressed for the study of microorganisms isolated from their natural samples and independently of the culture restrictions. Metaproteomics enables assessment of proteins and pathways from individual members of the consortium. Metaproteomics can provide a detailed understanding of which organisms occupy specific metabolic niches, how they interact, and how they utilize nutrients, and these insights can be obtained directly from environmental samples.According to that, the sample preparation of the fishery product, the LC-ESI-MS/MS dedicated method, and the MS data analysis were described in the present chapter to obtain the metaproteomic analysis of the respective microbiomes or microbial communities.","['D040901', 'D053719', 'D002853', 'D064307', 'D021241', 'D005398', 'D006801', 'D005396', 'D000818', 'D005516']"
38940833,The Social and Emotional Education and Development intervention to address wellbeing in primary school age children: the SEED cluster RCT.,"Stronger social and emotional well-being during primary school is positively associated with the health and educational outcomes of young people. However, there is little evidence on which programmes are the most effective for improving social and emotional well-being.","['D006801', 'D002648', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012606', 'D012574', 'D002675', 'D004644', 'D011795', 'D016000', 'D012572', 'D003362']"
38940272,Access inequalities to WASH and housing in slums in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): A scoping review.,"Urban inequalities are exacerbated due to rapid urbanisation. This is also evident within slums in low- and middle-income countries, where high levels of heterogeneity amongst the slum population lead to differential experiences in Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) and housing access. This scoping review provides evidence of the interconnection of WASH and housing and presents barriers to access and the consequences thereof for slum dwellers. It does so while considering the social stratification amongst urban slum dwellers and their lived experiences. A systematic search of journal articles was conducted in November 2022 in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. A total of 33 papers were identified which were full text reviewed and data extracted. Infrastructure, social and cultural, socio-economic, governance and policy and environmental barriers emerged as general themes. Barriers to WASH and housing were more frequently described concerning women and girls due to gender norms within WASH and the home. Barriers to WASH lead to compromised health, socio-economic burdens, and adverse social impacts, thus causing residents of slums to navigate their WASH mobility spatially and over time. Insights from this review underscore the need for an intersectional approach to understanding access inequalities to WASH and housing.","['D006801', 'D011204', 'D006798', 'D012499', 'D003906', 'D006920', 'D012959']"
38940227,"Detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and cattle (Bos taurus) at the Tabriz abattoir, Iran.","Toxoplasma gondii is a widely prevalent zoonotic protozoan parasite in humans and warm-blooded animals worldwide. Infection of humans by this parasite can result in severe clinical symptoms, particularly in individuals with congenital toxoplasmosis or immunocompromised patients. Contamination mainly occurs through foodborne routes, especially the consumption of raw or undercooked meat from animals.","['D000818', 'D002020', 'D007492', 'D002417', 'D014124', 'D000003', 'D014122', 'D002418', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D015995', 'D016133']"
38940107,Attitudes of 10-12-year-old primary school pupils towards food and nutrition: insights from Qualitative FGI Research - Junior-Edu-Żywienie (JEŻ) Project.,"Primary school pupils aged 10-12 years constitute an interesting consumer group due to their greater autonomy in the area of nutrition, compared to the younger group of children, among other things, due to their 'pocket money' and the greater influence of their peer group. However, this is an age group at high risk of inadequate nutrition, eating disorders, including those related to obesity and underweight. Hence, the aim of the study was to explore the attitudes of pupils aged 10-12 years towards food and nutrition.","['D006801', 'D002648', 'D008297', 'D013334', 'D011044', 'D005260', 'D012574', 'D007722', 'D017144', 'D005247', 'D009752']"
38937881,Organisational culture in 'better' group homes for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities in England: A qualitative study.,Previous research identifies organisational culture as one of a number of factors associated with the quality of life outcomes of group home residents' with intellectual and developmental disabilities. This study aims to elaborate on the dimensions of group home culture in settings in England.,"['D006801', 'D008607', 'D016352', 'D002658', 'D004739', 'D036301', 'D000328', 'D015279', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875']"
38937765,"Housing conditions and risk of incident COPD: a Danish cohort study, 2000-2018.",More knowledge is needed on the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) associated with housing conditions and indoor environment based on cohort studies with a long follow-up time.,"['D006801', 'D003718', 'D029424', 'D006798', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D015994', 'D015331', 'D000368', 'D012307']"
38937729,The relationship between physical exercise and problematic internet use in college students: the chain-mediated role of self-control and loneliness.,"From the perspective of exercise psychology, to investigate the antefacts of problematic internet use (PIU) in college students, and to reveal the chain mediating effect of self-control and loneliness between physical exercise and PIU.","['D006801', 'D008132', 'D013334', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D015444', 'D014495', 'D055815', 'D000068356', 'D000082424', 'D002681', 'D000293', 'D000328', 'D011795']"
38937472,Effects of acute aerobic exercise on resting state functional connectivity of motor cortex in college students.,This study intends to inspect the effects of acute aerobic exercise (AE) on resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) in motor cortex of college students and the moderating effect of fitness level.,"['D006801', 'D009044', 'D015444', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D013334', 'D055815', 'D012146', 'D000328', 'D014495', 'D019265']"
38937069,'Key skills' building in schools as a possible approach to reducing and preventing challenging behaviour.,Building 'key skills' may help prevent the development of challenging behaviour in children with an intellectual disability. The aim of this paper was to extend the current limited evidence in this area.,"['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002648', 'D008607', 'D000066553', 'D003430', 'D008137', 'D012574', 'D000293', 'D005500', 'D002652']"
38937043,"School-Based Intervention for Adolescents With ADHD: Predictors of Effects on Academic, Behavioral, and Social Functioning.","Adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience significant academic, behavioral, and social skill difficulties including underachievement, risk for school dropout, poor peer relations, and emotion dysregulation. Although stimulant medication reduces ADHD symptoms, psychosocial and educational interventions are necessary to address functional impairments. We examined the nature and predictors of academic, behavioral, and social skills trajectories in response to multicomponent organizational and interpersonal skills training in 92 high school students with ADHD. Latent trajectory class analyses revealed positive treatment response ranging from 61.5% (report card grades) to 100% (inattention symptoms, organizational skills, social skills). Organizational skill and academic grade treatment response trajectories were predicted by assigned sex, pretreatment anxiety, and treatment dosage, while improvement in behavioral and social functioning was associated with better emotion regulation and family relations prior to treatment along with stronger working alliance with treatment coach at midtreatment. Multicomponent organizational and interpersonal skills training appears effective for most high school students with ADHD and the degree treatment-induced change is associated with multiple malleable factors can be leveraged to enhance intervention response.","['D006801', 'D001289', 'D000293', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D066107', 'D012574', 'D016896', 'D013334', 'D000294']"
38935788,"Interventions targeting young people not in employment, education or training (NEET) for increased likelihood of return to school or employment-A systematic review.","The present systematic review aims to identify, synthesize, and evaluate evidence of effects from interventions targeting youth not in education, employment, or training (NEET). We searched relevant multidisciplinary databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomized re-engagement trials. Primary outcomes were participation in education and employment, and training status. Secondary outcomes included changes in financial status, quality of life and well-being, social functioning, and physical, psychological, and behavioral outcomes. The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA guidelines were applied. Eligible studies were screened, included, and extracted for data. Nine trials were included (eight RCTs and one quasi-experimental study), in which samples ranged from 96 to 7346 participants. Results on primary outcomes showed that five studies found an effect of interventions on employment outcomes, while three studies indicated an effect on education or training. Results on secondary outcomes included effects on mental health, subjective health complaints, drug use, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. Studies with other main outcomes than re-engagement showed an effect of interventions on pass rates for the driving test, independent housing, and increased job-seeking activities. Limitations and future directions are discussed, including the lack of rigorous studies, theoretical underpinnings, and standardized measures for re-engagement outcomes. Systematic review registration: registered in PROSPERO, CRD42023463837.","['D006801', 'D004651', 'D000293', 'D062707', 'D012574', 'D011788', 'D055815', 'D016032']"
38935716,Plans for U.S. bat lab spark outbreak fears.,"Colorado team presses on amid opposition, loss of EcoHealth Alliance partnership.","['D002685', 'D000818', 'D000086382', 'D014481', 'D006801', 'D007753', 'D004196', 'D003120']"
38935611,Cracking AlphaFold2: Leveraging the power of artificial intelligence in undergraduate biochemistry curriculums.,"AlphaFold2 is an Artificial Intelligence-based program developed to predict the 3D structure of proteins given only their amino acid sequence at atomic resolution. Due to the accuracy and efficiency at which AlphaFold2 can generate 3D structure predictions and its widespread adoption into various aspects of biochemical research, the technique of protein structure prediction should be considered for incorporation into the undergraduate biochemistry curriculum. A module for introducing AlphaFold2 into a senior-level biochemistry laboratory classroom was developed. The module's focus was to have students predict the structures of proteins from the MPOX 22 global outbreak virus isolate genome, which had no structures elucidated at that time. The goal of this study was to both determine the impact the module had on students and to develop a framework for introducing AlphaFold2 into the undergraduate curriculum so that instructors for biochemistry courses, regardless of their background in bioinformatics, could adapt the module into their classrooms.","['D003479', 'D001185', 'D006801', 'D001671', 'D019295', 'D011487', 'D013334', 'D012984', 'D014495', 'D011506', 'D000595']"
38934830,Prevalence and Association of Digital Eye Strain with the Quality of Sleep and Feeling of Loneliness among Female College Students in Northern India.,"Because of COVID's impact on social behavior, students have become more reliant on computer-facilitated communication to continue their studies and interact with friends. While it is known that the association between screen exposure and psychological well-being is both harmful and stronger among adolescents than younger children, what is less studied are the causal factors that may mediate the relationship.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D007194', 'D008132', 'D013334', 'D055815', 'D000086382', 'D000293', 'D015995', 'D014495', 'D000089943', 'D011795', 'D000328', 'D001248']"
38934828,Airborne Infection Control Practices in Homes for the Aged in the Context of Tuberculosis Elimination.,National Strategic Plan to End tuberculosis (TB) in India 2020-2025 aims to prevent the emergence of TB in susceptible populations. Airborne infection control (AIC) practices in high-risk settings like homes for the aged (HFA) will be essential to achieve this.,"['D006801', 'D007194', 'D014691', 'D017053', 'D014376', 'D006707', 'D007407', 'D008297']"
38934823,Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among Young Women of a University in Central Gujarat - A Cross-sectional Study.,"Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common reproductive endocrinological disorders affecting 6%-8% of women in reproductive years. An early liberal PCOS screening appears to be a cost-effective strategy, benefiting earlier diagnosis and intervention.","['D006801', 'D011085', 'D005260', 'D003430', 'D007194', 'D000293', 'D015995', 'D014495', 'D055815', 'D013337', 'D006628']"
38933489,Performance evaluation and comparative study of three 52-kW PV plants in India: a case study.,"Developing countries like India are rapidly transitioning from traditional energy sources to sustainable energy sources, due to the increase in demand and the depletion of fossil fuels. Grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems attract many investors, organizations, and institutions for deployment. This article studies and compares the performance evaluations of three 52-kW PV plants installed at an educational institution, SRMIST (SRM Institute of Science and Technology), in Tamil Nadu, India. This site receives an annual average temperature of 28.5°C and an average global horizontal irradiation of 160 kWh/m2/m. The prediction model for the 52-kW power plant is obtained using solar radiation, temperature, and wind speed. Linear regression model-based prediction equations are derived using the Minitab 16.2.1 software, and the results are compared with the real-time AC energy yield acquired from the three 52-kW plants for the year 2020. Furthermore, this 52-kW plant is designed using PVsyst V7.1.8 version software. The simulation results are compared with the energy yield from the plants in 2020 to identify the shortfall in the plant performance. The loss analysis for the plant is performed by obtaining the loss diagram from the PVsyst software. This study also proposes a methodology to study the commissioned PV plant's performance and determine the interaction between variables such as direct and diffused solar radiations, air temperature, and wind speed for forecasting hourly produced power. This article will motivate researchers to analyze installed power plants using modern technical tools.","['D007194', 'D011210', 'D012993']"
38933218,A Human Right-Based Approach to Dealing with Adverse Events in Residential Care Facilities.,"Managing residential care facilities (RCFs) includes the ability to manage adverse events while maintaining a human rights-based approach to care and support. Literature investigating rights-based approaches in RCFs is scarce; therefore, an investigation of the current approach in RCFs will inform improvements. This study sought to identify whether RCFs in Ireland upheld a rights-based approach during the course of adverse events by analyzing notifications of adverse events from 2021 taken from the Database of Statutory Notifications from Social Care in Ireland. Data analysis was conducted independently by two researchers. Notifications of adverse events were coded according to whether the human rights principles of fairness, respect, equality, dignity, and autonomy were upheld or violated during the adverse event and its subsequent management. There was some evidence of violations, including staff violations during adverse events and their management, as well as residents violating fellow residents' autonomy, respect, and dignity in notifications of ""serious injury"" and ""allegations of abuse."" However, overall, good practice was identified, with residents' human rights upheld by staff. Our findings indicate that a rights-based approach to care and support is being upheld during adverse events and their management, which may indicate that such an approach to care and support has been adopted.","['D006801', 'D006806', 'D007494', 'D012112', 'D026684', 'D061214']"
38932784,Green space exposure and Chinese residents' physical activity participation: empirical evidence from a health geography perspective.,"With continuous efforts made to promote the strategic goals of carbon neutrality and carbon peak, it is crucial to meet the growing and diversified needs of the public for fitness by practicing the concept of green development and promote the combination of national fitness and ecological civilization.","['D006801', 'D015444', 'D002681', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D011795', 'D004779', 'D000068316', 'D000095225']"
38932226,"Phylogenetic Analyses of Rotavirus A, B and C Detected on a Porcine Farm in South Africa.","Rotaviruses (RVs) are known to infect various avian and mammalian hosts, including swine. The most common RVs associated with infection in pigs are A, B, C and H (RVA-C; RVH). In this study we analysed rotavirus strains circulating on a porcine farm in the Western Cape province of South Africa over a two-year period. Whole genomes were determined by sequencing using Illumina MiSeq without prior genome amplification. Fifteen RVA genomes, one RVB genome and a partial RVC genome were identified. Phylogenetic analyses of the RVA data suggested circulation of one dominant strain (G5-P[6]/P[13]/P[23]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T7-E1-H1), typical of South African porcine strains, although not closely related to previously detected South African porcine strains. Reassortment with three VP4-encoding P genotypes was detected. The study also reports the first complete RVB genome (G14-P[5]-I13-R4-C4-M4-A10-T4-E4-H7) from Africa. The partial RVC (G6-P[5]-IX-R1-C1-MX-A9-N6-T6-EX-H7) strain also grouped with porcine strains. The study shows the continued circulation of an RVA strain, with a high reassortment rate of the VP4-encoding segment, on the porcine farm. Furthermore, incidents of RVB and RVC on this farm emphasize the complex epidemiology of rotavirus in pigs.","['D000818', 'D012401', 'D010802', 'D013552', 'D013019', 'D012400', 'D016679', 'D013553', 'D005838', 'D000072480', 'D016865', 'D000073336', 'D005243']"
38932194,Factors Associated with HPV Genital Warts: A Self-Reported Cross-Sectional Study among Students and Staff of a Northern University in Nigeria.,"The menace of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections among low- and middle-income countries with no access to a free HPV vaccine is a public health concern. HPV is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Nigeria, while the most known types of HPV genotypes being transmitted are the high-risk HPV-16 and 18 genotypes. In this study, we explored the predictors of self-reported HPV infections and HPV genital warts infection among a population of students, non-academic staff, and academic staff of Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida (IBB) University located in Lapai, Nigeria. We also assessed their knowledge about HPV infections and genotypes, and sexual behaviors. An online cross-sectional study was conducted by setting up a structured questionnaire on Google Forms and it was distributed to the university community via Facebook and other social media platforms of the university. The form captured questions on HPV infection, and knowledge about HPV infection and genotypes, as well as the sexual health of the participants. All variables were described using frequencies and percentage distribution; chi-squared test statistics were used to explore the association between HPV infection (medical records of HPV infection) and the participants' profile, and a logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the factors associated with HPV genital warts infection among the population. This study reveals those participants between the ages of 26-40 years (81.3%) and those currently not in a sexually active relationship-single/divorced (26.4%)-who have self-reported having the HPV-16 and -18 genotypes. Moreover, participants between 26-40 years of age (OR: 0.45, 95%CI: 0.22-0.89) reported themselves to be carriers of HPV genital warts. Therefore, this study reveals the factors associated with HPV infection and genital warts peculiar to IBB university students and staff. Hence, we suggest the need for HPV awareness programs and free HPV vaccine availability at IBB university.","['D006801', 'D003430', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D003218', 'D009549', 'D013334', 'D014495', 'D000328', 'D055815', 'D057566', 'D030361', 'D007722', 'D000293', 'D011795', 'D012725', 'D005838', 'D012307', 'D027383']"
38932115,Airborne Influenza Virus in Daycare Centers.,"In this study, we investigated the concentration of airborne influenza virus in daycare centers and influencing factors, such as common cold prevalence, air pollutants, and meteorological factors. A total of 209 air samples were collected from daycare centers in Kaohsiung and the influenza virus was analyzed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Air pollutants and metrological factors were measured using real-time monitoring equipment. Winter had the highest positive rates of airborne influenza virus and the highest prevalence of the common cold, followed by summer and autumn. The concentration of CO was significantly positively correlated with airborne influenza virus. Daycare center A, with natural ventilation and air condition systems, had a higher concentration of airborne influenza A virus, airborne fungi, and airborne bacteria, as well as a higher prevalence of the common cold, than daycare center B, with a mechanical ventilation system and air purifiers, while the concentrations of CO2, CO, and UFPs in daycare center A were lower than those in daycare center B. We successfully detected airborne influenza virus in daycare centers, demonstrating that aerosol sampling for influenza can provide novel epidemiological insights and inform the management of influenza in daycare centers.","['D006801', 'D000391', 'D007251', 'D012621', 'D002656', 'D009980', 'D009975', 'D000393', 'D003139', 'D002675', 'D015995', 'D004784']"
38931604,Real-Time Tracking Data and Machine Learning Approaches for Mapping Pedestrian Walking Behavior: A Case Study at the University of Moratuwa.,"The growing urban population and traffic congestion underline the importance of building pedestrian-friendly environments to encourage walking as a preferred mode of transportation. However, a major challenge remains, which is the absence of such pedestrian-friendly walking environments. Identifying locations and routes with high pedestrian concentration is critical for improving pedestrian-friendly walking environments. This paper presents a quantitative method to map pedestrian walking behavior by utilizing real-time data from mobile phone sensors, focusing on the University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, as a case study. This holistic method integrates new urban data, such as location-based service (LBS) positioning data, and data clustering with unsupervised machine learning techniques. This study focused on the following three criteria for quantifying walking behavior: walking speed, walking time, and walking direction inside the experimental research context. A novel signal processing method has been used to evaluate speed signals, resulting in the identification of 622 speed clusters using K-means clustering techniques during specific morning and evening hours. This project uses mobile GPS signals and machine learning algorithms to track and classify pedestrian walking activity in crucial sites and routes, potentially improving urban walking through mapping.","['D016138', 'D006801', 'D000069636', 'D000069550', 'D013188', 'D000465', 'D014495', 'D040362', 'D040421', 'D016000']"
38931522,Internal and External Load Profile during Beach Invasion Sports Match-Play by Electronic Performance and Tracking Systems: A Systematic Review.,"Beach variants of popular sports like soccer and handball have grown in participation over the last decade. However, the characterization of the workload demands in beach sports remains limited compared to their indoor equivalents. This systematic review aimed to: (1) characterize internal and external loads during beach invasion sports match-play; (2) identify technologies and metrics used for monitoring; (3) compare the demands of indoor sports; and (4) explore differences by competition level, age, sex, and beach sport. Fifteen studies ultimately met the inclusion criteria. The locomotive volumes averaged 929 ± 269 m (average) and 16.5 ± 3.3 km/h (peak) alongside 368 ± 103 accelerations and 8 ± 4 jumps per session. The impacts approached 700 per session. The heart rates reached 166-192 beats per minute (maximal) eliciting 60-95% intensity. The player load was 12.5 ± 2.9 to 125 ± 30 units. Males showed 10-15% higher external but equivalent internal loads versus females. Earlier studies relied solely on a time-motion analysis, while recent works integrate electronic performance and tracking systems, enabling a more holistic quantification. However, substantial metric intensity zone variability persists. Beach sports entail intermittent high-intensity activity with a lower-intensity recovery. Unstable surface likely explains the heightened internal strain despite moderately lower running volumes than indoor sports. The continued integration of technology together with the standardization of workload intensity zones is needed to inform a beach-specific training prescription.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D013177', 'D006339', 'D054874', 'D001493']"
38931302,Nutritional Quality of the Mid-Afternoon Snack of Schooled Children between the Ages of 3 and 12 Years in Three Areas in Spain.,The aim of this study was to analyze the nutritional quality of mid-afternoon snacks for schooled children aged 3 to 12 years in three areas of Catalonia (Spain).,"['D006801', 'D062410', 'D013030', 'D002675', 'D002648', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D009753', 'D005247', 'D012574', 'D011795', 'D005518']"
38931294,Assessing the Quality of ChatGPT's Dietary Advice for College Students from Dietitians' Perspectives.,"As ChatGPT becomes a primary information source for college students, its performance in providing dietary advice is under scrutiny. This study assessed ChatGPT's performance in providing nutritional guidance to college students.","['D006801', 'D013334', 'D064686', 'D014495', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D057220', 'D013624', 'D055815', 'D000328', 'D007722', 'D004032']"
38931251,Evaluation of Nutrition and Performance Parameters in Division 1 Collegiate Athletes.,"Testing and evaluating athletes is necessary and should include performance, body composition, and nutrition. The purpose of this study was to report assessments of dietary intake, V˙O2max, and body composition in D1 collegiate athletes and examine relationships between these assessments.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D001823', 'D056352', 'D055815', 'D009752', 'D054874', 'D002149', 'D010101', 'D014495', 'D000293', 'D017097', 'D004040', 'D015596', 'D005080', 'D004032', 'D064133']"
38931167,The Benefits and Challenges of Providing School Meals during the First Year of California's Universal School Meal Policy as Reported by School Foodservice Professionals.,"States in the U.S. are newly implementing universal school meal (USM) policies, yet little is known about the facilitators of their success and the challenges they confront. This study evaluated the challenges and facilitators faced by school food authorities (SFAs) implementing California's universal school meal (USM) policy during its inaugural year (2022-2023) using an online survey. In March 2023, 430 SFAs reported many benefits, including increased meal participation (64.2% of SFAs) and revenues (65.7%), reduced meal debt (41.8%) and stigma (30.9%), and improved meal quality (44.3%) and staff salaries (36.9%). Reported challenges include product/ingredient availability (80.9%), staffing shortages (77.0%), vendor/distributor logistics issues (75.9%), and administrative burden (74.9%). Top facilitators included state funding (78.2%) and increased federal reimbursement (77.2%). SFAs with fewer students eligible for free or reduced-price meals (as opposed to SFAs with more) reported greater increases in meal participation and reductions in stigma but also more administrative burdens. Larger SFAs reported greater increases in revenues, staff salaries, and improvements in meal quality than smaller SFAs but also more challenges. Overall, California's USM policy has enhanced student access to healthy meals while mitigating social and financial barriers. Understanding California's experience can inform other jurisdictions considering or implementing similar policies.","['D002140', 'D006801', 'D005522', 'D012574', 'D018673', 'D062407', 'D011795', 'D002648']"
38931152,How Salty Is Too Salty? Designing Sodium Warning Label Policies to Identify High-Sodium Items on Restaurant Menus in the United States.,"Two U.S. cities require chain restaurants to label menu items that exceed 100% of the Daily Value (DV) for sodium, informing consumers and potentially prompting restaurant reformulation. To inform policy design for other localities, this study determined the percentage of the top 91 U.S. chain restaurants' menu items that would be labeled if a warning policy were established for menu items exceeding the thresholds of 20%, 33%, 50%, 65%, and 100% of the sodium DV for adults. We obtained U.S. chain restaurants' nutrition information from the 2019 MenuStat database and calculated the percentage of items requiring sodium warning labels across the food and beverage categories at all the restaurants and at the full- and limited-service restaurants separately. In total, 19,038 items were included in the analyses. A warning label covering items with >20%, >33%, >50%, >65%, and >100% of the sodium DV resulted in expected coverage of 42%, 30%, 20%, 13%, and 5% of menu items at all the restaurants, respectively. At each threshold, the average percentage of items labeled per restaurant was higher among the full-service restaurants than the limited-service restaurants. These results suggest that restaurant warning policies with a threshold of 100% of the sodium DV per item would cover a minority of high-sodium menu items and that lower thresholds should be considered to help U.S. consumers reduce their sodium consumption.","['D012147', 'D005515', 'D014481', 'D006801', 'D012982', 'D018673', 'D009753', 'D017673']"
38929600,Overweight and Obesity Is Associated with Higher Risk of Perceived Stress and Poor Sleep Quality in Young Adults.,"Background and Objectives: Overweight and obesity are growing public health challenges, particularly concerning young adults. University life presents a unique set of stressors that may influence weight management alongside sleep quality. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate the association between overweight or obesity, stress, and sleep quality in a large sample of Greek university students. Materials and Methods: The study recruited 2116 active students from across various Greek universities. Participants completed questionnaires on sociodemographics, academic performance, and physical activity levels using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Stress and sleep quality were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively. Body weight and height were directly measured to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI). Results: Our analysis of 2116 Greek university students revealed significant associations between various factors and overweight/obesity. Compared to their rural counterparts, young adults in urban areas had an 88% higher prevalence of overweight/obesity (p = 0.0056). Regular smokers were twice as likely to be overweight or obese (p = 0.0012). Notably, those with low physical activity levels displayed a more than two-fold increased risk (p = 0.0008) compared to those with moderate or high activity levels. Similarly, students with moderate or high perceived stress levels had a more than two-fold prevalence of overweight/obesity compared to those with low stress (p = 0.0005). Inadequate sleep quality was also associated with an 86% higher risk of overweight/obesity (p = 0.0007). Interestingly, good academic performance showed a 57% greater prevalence of overweight/obesity compared to very good/excellent performance (p = 0.0103). Conclusions: Our findings reveal that perceived stress and poor sleep quality are significant risk factors for overweight and obesity in this young adult population.","['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D003430', 'D013315', 'D009765', 'D006115', 'D050177', 'D055815', 'D000089943', 'D011795', 'D000328', 'D014495', 'D015992', 'D012307', 'D013334', 'D000293', 'D015444', 'D015995']"
38929557,"Overweight, Obesity, and Associated Risk Factors among Students at the Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University.","Background and Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and the associated risk factors among medical students at Jazan University in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 228 medical students from their second to sixth academic years at the Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data regarding sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity, dietary habits, comorbidities, medication use, family history, and lifestyle factors. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight, and waist circumference were recorded. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to identify the risk factors associated with obesity. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among the participants was 13.3% and 15%, respectively. Hence, the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity is 28.3%. The mean weight was 63.39 ± 18.93 kg, and the mean height was 163.48 ± 9.78 cm. On the other hand, 17.3% of participants were underweight, whereas 54.4% had normal BMI. Most of the participants (61%) did not engage in regular exercise. A high proportion consumed fruits (82.9%) and vegetables (58.8%) 3 or fewer days per week, and 84.2% consumed 3 or fewer meals per day. Fast-food consumption more than 3 days per week was reported by 42.1% of participants. Obesity was not significantly associated with sociodemographic factors, physical activity, dietary habits, comorbidities, medication use, or family histories. However, those with a monthly family income of SAR 15,000-24,999 had significantly lower odds of obesity than those in the lowest income group (OR 0.230, p = 0.045). Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among medical students at Jazan University is high. Although no significant associations were found between obesity and most risk factors, this study highlights the need for interventions that promote healthy lifestyles among medical students. Further research is needed to identify effective strategies for preventing and managing obesity in this population.","['D006801', 'D012529', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D003430', 'D012307', 'D009765', 'D050177', 'D013337', 'D000328', 'D015995', 'D055815', 'D011795', 'D014495', 'D015992', 'D015444', 'D005247', 'D008019']"
38929046,The Dynamic Relationship between Social Cohesion and Urban Green Space in Diverse Communities: Opportunities and Challenges to Public Health.,"Social cohesion is a key factor within social determinants of health and well-being. Urban green spaces can provide environments that potentially facilitate meaningful and positive social interactions that promote social cohesion, equity, human health, and well-being. However, the lack of integration of existing research on social cohesion, urban green spaces, and public health in diverse (e.g., racially and ethnically) communities limits culturally relevant strategies to address health disparities. In this manuscript, we synthesize research on the potential of urban green spaces to promote social cohesion and public health in historically excluded communities. Particularly, we explore the development of social cohesion as it relates to the social environment, built environment, leisure opportunities, green space maintenance, safety, and green gentrification. We highlight key factors and their application to meet opportunities and challenges to social and public health. A conceptual framework is presented to provide an overview and illustrate connections found in the literature.","['D006801', 'D000076624', 'D002947', 'D000068316', 'D011634', 'D064890', 'D012931']"
38929043,A Scoping Review of Bystander-Based Sexual Violence Prevention Training for College Students in Fraternities and Sororities.,"Bystander-based sexual violence (SV) prevention trainings are offered on college campuses across the United States to meet federal Title IX requirements, as they have proven to be an effective strategy for violence prevention. Greek-affiliated students (fraternity and sorority members) are at a higher risk of sexual assault than their peers; however, few trainings consider the specific needs of this population, and program adaptations for this high-risk group may be needed. This scoping review identifies and describes the bystander trainings delivered to Greek-affiliated students in the US and Canada. An eight-database search was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The review identified 81 unique sources, with 18 meeting the inclusion criteria. Eleven specific training programs were identified, encompassing qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-method studies. The thematic analysis revealed best practices, including the importance of peer leaders, interactive sessions, and tailored content to Greek culture, as well as barriers such as a lack of engagement and an inadequate session length. The review underscores the need for tailored interventions to effectively address the unique cultural characteristics and high-risk nature of Greek-affiliated students. These findings provide valuable insights for improving the design and implementation of bystander interventions to enhance their efficacy in preventing sexual violence within this population.","['D006801', 'D013334', 'D012742', 'D014495', 'D002170', 'D014481']"
38929034,Changes to Secondary School Physical Activity Programs and Policy after Emerging from COVID-19 Lockdowns.,"The purpose of this study was to explore the adaptations that schools made to physical activity programs and facilities, and disparities by area urbanicity and income, during the first school year after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. In a convenience sample of 132 secondary schools in Canada, school contacts responded to an annual survey in the 2020-2021 school year on changes to physical activity programs and facilities, and related staff training. Content analysis categorized open-ended text responses, and schools were compared based on area urbanicity and median income. Most schools canceled all interschool sports (88.9%) and intramurals (65.9%). New programs were added by 12.6% of schools, and about half (49%) of schools reported some continuing programs, most of which were sports programs, followed by facility and equipment access. Physical activity facilities were closed in 18.1% of schools, while 15.7% had new facilities added, and 11% temporarily converted facilities into learning spaces. Large/medium urban schools were at greater odds of having made any change to their facilities compared to schools in rural/small urban areas (odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 2.3 (1.1, 4.8)). The results demonstrate the considerable scale and nature of the restrictions in school provisions of physical activity opportunities during this period, as well as the resourcefulness of some schools in adding new programs and facilities.","['D000086382', 'D006801', 'D012574', 'D015444', 'D002170', 'D000293', 'D000086402', 'D011790']"
38929029,Sleep Disturbance Caused by Step Changes in Railway Noise Exposure and Earthquakes.,"Kyushu Shinkansen and conventional railway lines run parallel in the areas 5 km north of Kumamoto Station (northern area) and 12 km south of the station (southern area). Following the operation of the Kyushu Shinkansen Line in 2011, the adjacent conventional railway line in the north was elevated, a new station was operated in the south, and large earthquakes struck the Kumamoto area from March to April 2016. Sleep disturbances were compared before and after the interventions and earthquakes based on noise source (Shinkansen and conventional railways), area (northern and southern), and house type (detached and apartment) through socio-acoustic surveys from 2011 to 2017. The Shinkansen railway caused significantly less sleep disturbances in detached houses in the north after compared to before the earthquakes, presumably due to more frequent closures of bedroom windows in northern detached houses following the earthquakes. The Shinkansen railway caused significantly more sleep disturbances in apartments in the south after compared to before the earthquakes, presumably because the Shinkansen slowed down immediately after the earthquakes and returned to normal speed during the survey, suddenly increasing the noise exposure. There was no significant difference in the other six cases investigated. Overall, the interventions may not have caused significant differences in sleep disturbances. This article expands on the congress paper by Morihara et al. presented in the ""Community Response to Noise"" session at the 52nd International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering in Makuhari, Japan, organized by the International Institute of Noise Control Engineering.","['D055866', 'D011890', 'D006801', 'D009624', 'D012893', 'D007564', 'D004781', 'D006798']"
38929017,"Disaggregation of Green Space Access, Walkability, and Behavioral Risk Factor Data for Precise Estimation of Local Population Characteristics.",Social and Environmental Determinants of Health (SEDH) provide us with a conceptual framework to gain insights into possible associations among different human behaviors and the corresponding health outcomes that take place often in and around complex built environments. Developing better built environments requires an understanding of those aspects of a community that are most likely to have a measurable impact on the target SEDH. Yet data on local characteristics at suitable spatial scales are often unavailable. We aim to address this issue by application of different data disaggregation methods.,"['D006801', 'D016138', 'D010414', 'D012307', 'D012111', 'D000076624', 'D004779', 'D000068316', 'D015438']"
38929013,Does School Health Promotion Have Additional Value for Educational Performance? A Repeated Cross-Sectional Multilevel Study.,"Little information is available regarding the influence of the interplay between the school context and school health promotion on educational performance. Therefore, we examined whether the variation between primary and secondary schools regarding the educational performance of students could be explained by general school characteristics, school population characteristics, and school health promotion and to what extent these factors interact. We performed multilevel analyses using existing data on 7021 primary schools and 1315 secondary schools in the Netherlands from the school years 2010-2011 till 2018-2019. Our outcomes were the final test score from primary education and the average grade of standardized final exams from secondary education. School health promotion was operationalized as having obtained Healthy School (HS) certification. For the test score, 7.17% of the total variation was accounted for by differences at the school level and 4.02% for the average grade. For both outcomes, the percentage of disadvantaged students in a school explained most variation. HS certification did not explain variation, but moderated some associations. We found small to moderate differences between schools regarding educational performance. Compositional differences of school populations, especially socioeconomic status, seemed more important in explaining variation in educational performance than general school characteristics and HS certification. Some associations were moderated by HS certification, but differences remained small in most cases.","['D006801', 'D003430', 'D009426', 'D002648', 'D012574', 'D000293', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012572', 'D013334', 'D006293', 'D055361', 'D000073978', 'D004522']"
38929012,"Disordered Eating Attitudes and Their Association with Age, BMI, Stress, and Diet in College Students.","College students are at risk of disordered eating, particularly students with overweight/obesity and with higher stress, but little is known about how disordered eating may be related to diet. This study evaluated the associations between the Disordered Eating Attitudes Scale (DEAS) and age, BMI, stress, and diet.","['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D013334', 'D055815', 'D001068', 'D015992', 'D014495', 'D004032', 'D013315', 'D000328', 'D000293', 'D000367', 'D005247', 'D001290']"
38929007,The Influence of Kindergarten Environment on the Development of Preschool Children's Physical Fitness.,"The aim of this research is to find out to what extent the special qualifications of physical education teachers and the physical environment of kindergartens influence the physical development of preschoolers. Forty-four kindergartens across Estonia participated in the study, half of which had a physical education teacher (PEt), whereas the remaining 22 kindergartens were taught by non-qualified kindergarten teachers (NoPEt). Six Eurofit fitness tests were used to assess the physical development of children (n = 704; aged 6-7 years old, with an average age of 6.55 ± 0.5 years). An analysis of variance was used to compare the mean values of the fitness test results of the two groups. Linear regression analysis was applied to clarify the influence of individual and environmental factors on children's fitness scores. In kindergartens where the position of a PEt had been created, the results of children's physical fitness were statistically significantly better, more specifically in handgrip strength (m = 12.0, 95% CI = 11.8-12.3 vs. m = 11.5, 95% CI = 11.2-11.7) and in speed tests (m = 23.0, 95% CI = 22.8-23.2 vs. m = 23.6, 95% CI = 23.3-23.8). According to the teacher interviews, these kindergartens also had more rooms and areas specially created for physical exercises. The study revealed that the physical development of children is, when controlling for other individual and environmental factors, influenced by the professional qualification of the PE teacher (95% CI = 0.06-0.56) as well as children's participation in sports training (95% CI = 0.29-0.83). These findings are important for preschool institutions and municipalities in designing the optimal physical environment for facilitating children's physical fitness.","['D006801', 'D010809', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002648', 'D004957', 'D010806', 'D012574', 'D002657', 'D002675', 'D000070777', 'D004777', 'D018737']"
38928984,Enhancing Emotion Regulation Skills in High-Risk Adolescents Due to the Existence of Psychopathology in the Family: Feasibility and Uncontrolled Pilot Study of a Group Intervention in a Naturalistic School Setting.,"Emotion regulation skills form part of many interventions for youth with internalizing and externalizing difficulties. This pilot study examines a prevention program delivered at school to improve adolescents' emotion regulation skills, focusing on those at risk for mental health problems.","['D006801', 'D000293', 'D010865', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002648', 'D000080103', 'D012574', 'D005240', 'D001523']"
38928966,The Impact of Urban Allotment Gardens on Physical and Mental Health in Norway.,"In Norway, many communities offer low-rent plots of land on which city dwellers can build summer cottages and grow crops. These allotment gardens serve as recreational escapes from urban life. However, little is known about the impact these gardens have on their members. This study attempts to shed light on today's impact of allotment gardens in a public health setting in Norway. The study was based on 17 semi-structured interviews and 2 in-depth interviews with allotment house owners. Informants were mainly recruited by ""snowball sampling"". Our data show that maintaining an allotment promotes exercise and provides a positive impact on self-perceived well-being and physical health through outdoor activities. Spending time in the garden contributes to new knowledge and experiences. Owning an allotment garden has provided new knowledge, new skills, new hobbies, and thereby an improvement in lifestyle. The allotment garden has a strong impact on perceived health, well-being, and sense of coherence (SOC) for the individuals. It promotes outdoor activities along with social interaction and can prevent feelings of loneliness and isolation.","['D009664', 'D006801', 'D000072506', 'D008603', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D002947', 'D051639', 'D000368', 'D015444', 'D006304']"
38926810,Tailored vs. General COVID-19 prevention for adults with mental disabilities residing in group homes: a randomized controlled effectiveness-implementation trial.,People with serious mental illness (SMI) and people with intellectual disabilities/developmental disabilities (ID/DD) are at higher risk for COVID-19 and more severe outcomes. We compare a tailored versus general best practice COVID-19 prevention program in group homes (GHs) for people with SMI or ID/DD in Massachusetts (MA).,"['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008404', 'D008875', 'D016352', 'D001523', 'D000086663', 'D008607']"
38926733,Determinants of preventive behavior against Covid-19 in secondary school students based on Health Belief Model (HBM): a structural equations modeling (SEM).,"Measures such as education, improving knowledge, attitude and taking preventive action to protect against COVID-19 are vital strategies for prevention. The aim of this study was to determine the predictability of Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs in performing preventive behaviors against COVID-19 among secondary school students in Chabahar, Iran. In this cross-sectional-analytical study, 400 secondary school students of Chabahar city were investigated by simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a questionnaire including demographic characteristics, knowledge, behavior, and Health Belief Model constructs' questions. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to evaluate the validity of HBM constructs, and the structural equation modeling (SEM) method was used to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of the relationship between knowledge, HBM constructs, and preventive behavior against COVID-19 based on the conceptual model. Based on the results of the structural modeling, the direct effect of knowledge on the constructs of the health belief model was positive and significant (β = 0.34, P-value < 0.001), and on the preventive behavior of students was insignificant (β = 0.12, P-value = 0.07) while the indirect effect of knowledge through increasing the constructs of the HBM on student behavior was positive and significant (β = 0.30, P < 0.001). The relationship between the constructs of the HBM constructs and student behavior was also positive and significant (β = 0.89, P-value < 0.001).Due to the fact that knowledge and HBM structures played a role in predicting the adoption of preventive behavior from COVID-19, it is possible to design appropriate interventions to increase knowledge, sensitivity, perceived severity, and self-efficacy, in order to recover from COVID-19 by adopting preventive behaviors.","['D006801', 'D000086382', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000293', 'D003430', 'D007492', 'D000083342', 'D013334', 'D007722', 'D015438', 'D000086402', 'D000077272', 'D011795', 'D058873', 'D012574', 'D018352', 'D000073640', 'D005163']"
38954006,Long-term responders to nivolumab in previously treated advanced renal cell carcinoma: a sub-analysis of meet-URO15 study.,"Although nivolumab prolongs overall survival (OS) in pretreated patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), underlining clinical and biological features of long-term responses are still to be determined. This study aims to investigate clinical and pathological characteristics of mRCC patients who achieved long-term responses during nivolumab treatment.","['D006801', 'D000077594', 'D002292', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D007680', 'D012189', 'D000369', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D000074322', 'D005500']"
38951826,U.S. primary care physician perceptions on barriers to providing guideline-driven care for UTI and recurrent UTI: a qualitative study.,"Urinary tract infections (UTI) affect almost two-thirds of all women during their lives and many experience recurrent infections. There are evidence-based guidelines from multiple international societies for evaluation and treatment; however, recent claims-based analyses have demonstrated that adherence to these guidelines is poor. This study seeks to understand the barriers experienced by U.S. primary care providers (PCPs) to providing guideline-based care for UTI and recurrent UTI (rUTI).","['D006801', 'D014552', 'D058007', 'D036301', 'D005260', 'D019983', 'D008297', 'D017410', 'D001291', 'D012008', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D014481', 'D010818', 'D007407', 'D012017']"
38951255,ISG15 promotes tumor progression via IL6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in ccRCC.,"Although renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a prevalent type of cancer, the most common pathological subtype, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), still has poorly understood molecular mechanisms of progression. Moreover, interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is associated with various types of cancer; however, its biological role in ccRCC remains unclear.This study aimed to explore the role of ISG15 in ccRCC progression.ISG15 expression was upregulated in ccRCC and associated with poor prognosis. RNA sequence analysis and subsequent experiments indicated that ISG15 modulated IL6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling to promote ccRCC proliferation, migration, and invasion. Additionally, our animal experiments confirmed that sustained ISG15 knockdown reduced tumor growth rate in nude mice and promoted cell apoptosis. ISG15 modulates the IL6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway, making it a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for ccRCC.","['D006801', 'D002292', 'D015398', 'D000818', 'D050796', 'D053614', 'D015850', 'D008819', 'D016207', 'D014452', 'D007680', 'D049109', 'D051379', 'D045744', 'D008297', 'D002465', 'D005260', 'D017209', 'D015972', 'D011379', 'D018450']"
38951084,[Research progress of radioresistance mechanism and common sensitization methods in cervical cancer].,子宫颈癌的发病率居女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤的首位，放疗是其主要的治疗方法之一。放疗抵抗是导致子宫颈癌治疗失败及预后不良的主要原因，亟待解决。完善放疗技术并探索理想的增敏方法以改善预后已成为近年来子宫颈癌放疗领域的研究热点。本文综述了子宫颈癌放疗抵抗机制及常用增敏方法的进展，主要归纳总结了放疗抵抗与DNA损伤修复、细胞周期、肿瘤乏氧、代谢异常等机制的关系，并重点阐述化疗药物、热疗、抗血管生成、影响DNA损伤修复治疗、药物递送系统等放疗增敏方法在子宫颈癌治疗中的应用，以期为子宫颈癌放疗研究提供新的思路和方向。.,"['D006801', 'D002583', 'D005260', 'D011836', 'D004260', 'D004249', 'D000970', 'D011838', 'D002453', 'D006979', 'D011379', 'D016503', 'D020533']"