itseffi/epfl-enterprise-osai-adoption-research-data huggingface dataset:
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: Q5
Response: Cost
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ1
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 8
Response: No AI in use, so no motivation yet.
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 9
Response: None yet.
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 10
Response: Lack of in-house AI expertise, limited budget.
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 11
Response: nan
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 12
Response: Would weigh cost, ease of integration, and student data privacy against performance and vendor reliability.
Code: Data privacy & control
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Code: Performance sufficiency
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: Q5
Response: Customization
Code: Customization & PEFT
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ1
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 8
Response: Open-source is chosen for flexibility, transparency, and fostering innovation in the academic environment.
Proprietary solutions are used where specialized capabilities or vendor support are necessary.
Code: Support & SLAs
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 9
Response: Hugging Face models have been utilized in projects involving natural language processing courses, student research on AI ethics, and prototype development of AI-assisted tools in education.
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 10
Response: Technical difficulties in integrating diverse open-source tools into educational platforms.
Ensuring alignment with institutional data protection and compliance policies.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 11
Response: Specialized documentation and tutorials for academic use cases.
Code: Documentation completeness
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 12
Response: Evaluation weighs the educational value, flexibility, and community support of open-source against the reliability and ease of use offered by proprietary solutions.
Code: Support & SLAs
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: Q5
Response: Performance
Code: Performance sufficiency
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ1
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 8
Response: Open-source offers flexibility, cost savings, and freedom from vendor lock-in, making it attractive for experimentation. Proprietary tools are often faster to deploy, have stronger support, and require less maintenance, which matters for our small team. The decision will depend on how well open-source can meet our needs without creating operational bottlenecks.
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Code: Support & SLAs
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Code: Deployment architecture
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 9
Response: Experimental use of Hugging Face NLP models to summarize cohort session transcripts. While promising, we need to assess whether we can support this at scale.
Code: Support & SLAs
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 10
Response: Ongoing maintenance and updates to models, content accuracy and avoiding bias in learning materials.
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 11
Response: Step-by-step guides for SaaS integration and deployment.
Code: Deployment architecture
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 12
Response: We weigh the flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and innovation potential of open-source AI against the stability, vendor support, and ease-of-deployment of proprietary solutions.
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Code: Support & SLAs
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Code: Deployment architecture
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: Q5
Response: Ability to improve learner engagement and outcomes.  Ease of integration with minimal engineering overhead.  Affordability and scalability for a startup.  Compliance with educational data privacy standards.  Reliability and vendor support.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ1
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 8
Response: Open-source AI is valued for experimentation, and avoiding vendor lock-in.
Proprietary AI is preferred for speed, reliability, and ease of deployment, especially given the small team size.
Code: Deployment architecture
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 9
Response: Piloting Hugging Face NLP models for automated summarization of cohort sessions and personalized course recommendations.
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 10
Response: Limited internal AI engineering resources.
Ongoing maintenance and updates for models.
Ensuring AI-generated content is accurate, unbiased, and appropriate.
Integrating AI outputs without disrupting user experience.
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 11
Response: More education-specific AI templates
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 12
Response: Balances innovation, cost-effectiveness, and flexibility of open-source AI against the stability, support, and ease of use offered by proprietary solutions.
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Code: Support & SLAs
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 8
Response: We prioritise transparency, reproducibility, and cost control. Open source AI let us fine tune for our domains and keep research data on institutional infrastructure.
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 9
Response: Literature triage and summarisation for researchers using HF models with a small institutional knowledge base. It reduced screening time and helped surface relevant papers.
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 10
Response: Budget for compute, standardising data governance across labs, and keeping evaluation practices consistent.
Code: Governance readiness
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 11
Response: Improved model cards.
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 12
Response: Cost for research workflows.
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: Q5
Response: Cost, Transparency, Collaboration
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ1
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 8
Response: Accessibility and community
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 9
Response: Course material summarisation
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 10
Response: Infrastructure limits
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 11
Response: Institutional SLAs
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 12
Response: Openness > Proprietary cost
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: Q5
Response: Transparency, Cost, Ecosystem
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ1
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 8
Response: Reproducibility
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 9
Response: Research assistant chatbot
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 10
Response: Compute resources
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 11
Response: Academic deployment credits
Code: Deployment architecture
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 12
Response: Open first, cost later
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: Q5
Response: Cost, Learning Value
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ1
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 8
Response: Freedom to experiment
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 9
Response: Student-facing tutoring bot
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 10
Response: Lack of skilled ops staff
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 11
Response: Step-by-step deployment tutorials
Code: Deployment architecture
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Education / Research
Survey question: 12
Response: Feasibility → Learning gain
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: Q5
Response: Data control / privacy
Code: Data privacy & control
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ1
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 8
Response: Managed services with SLAs and EU-region hosting simplified GDPR and NIS2 compliance and accelerated go-live, while we keep sensitive OT and customer data in a private cloud.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Customization & PEFT
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 9
Response: A pilot RAG system using HF embeddings and a local vector index over safety manuals and maintenance SOPs cut lookup time for field engineers, with all content kept inside our network.
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 10
Response: The main issues are organisational and legal, technical friction was low in pilots.
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 11
Response: /
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 12
Response: Data residency first. If a workload can stay in our VPC with clear auditability we consider open components; otherwise we prefer proprietary services with SLAs, then compare performance and TCO
Code: Performance sufficiency
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 8
Response: Better performance and transparency
Code: Performance sufficiency
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 9
Response: Distributed optimization, optimization solvers
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 10
Response: Concerns about support, legal in terms of licenses or data privacy.
Code: Licensing clarity
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Data privacy & control
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Support & SLAs
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 11
Response: It’s already good and easy to use models. Nothing to add.
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 12
Response: Data privacy, quality/performance and concerns about longer term support play more important role than costs.
Code: Data privacy & control
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Code: Performance sufficiency
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Code: Support & SLAs
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 8
Response: Open-source: flexibility, control over models, ability to deploy on-prem for sensitive data, cost efficiency at scale.
Proprietary: faster deployment for certain NLP and summarisation tasks, vendor support, cutting-edge capabilities.
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Code: Support & SLAs
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Code: Deployment architecture
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 9
Response: nan
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 10
Response: Technical: aligning open-source models with our internal cybersecurity and compliance frameworks.
Organisational: upskilling engineers to work with model training pipelines.
Legal: ensuring license compliance for commercial deployment.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Licensing clarity
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Security posture
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Deployment architecture
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 11
Response: Pre-built domain-specific models.
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 12
Response: Total cost of ownership, data sensitivity, performance benchmarks, and long-term vendor lock-in risk.
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Code: Performance sufficiency
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 8
Response: Open-source: Flexibility to customize solutions to specific energy utility needs, transparency of models and code, lower total cost of ownership, rapid innovation from community contributions, and faster deployment cycles.
Proprietary: Access to enterprise-grade support, validated compliance certifications, specialized advanced AI capabilities, and service-level agreements (SLAs) for mission-critical requirements.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Code: Support & SLAs
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Code: Customization & PEFT
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Code: Deployment architecture
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 9
Response: We used HF for time-series anomaly detection in utility billing data. This application reduced manual billing reconciliation workload by approximately 50%, improving operational efficiency and customer satisfaction.
Code: Customization & PEFT
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 10
Response: Technical: Integration complexity with legacy energy ERP systems; customization of general AI models to handle large-scale, high-frequency time-series billing data.
Organisational: Building in-house expertise for managing open-source pipelines, keeping up with rapid community updates, and aligning multidisciplinary teams.
Legal: Compliance with diverse international energy regulations and privacy laws, ensuring explainability and auditability of AI decisions consistent with regulatory requirements.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Data privacy & control
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Customization & PEFT
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 11
Response: Account management.
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 12
Response: The evaluation balances regulatory compliance, customization flexibility, total cost of ownership, performance, vendor support, and data control.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Code: Performance sufficiency
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Code: Support & SLAs
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Code: Customization & PEFT
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: Q5
Response: Regulatory compliance
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ1
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 8
Response: Proprietary AI solutions are preferred for mission-critical applications requiring guaranteed support and compliance.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Support & SLAs
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 9
Response: Possible pilot projects leveraging open-source NLP or predictive models for customer service automation.
Code: Customization & PEFT
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 10
Response: Integration complexities with specialized energy and building systems.
Adherence to strict regulatory and security standards.
Internal expertise limitations for maintaining and scaling AI models.
Risk management and operational continuity in critical infrastructure.
Code: Security posture
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 11
Response: Domain-specific industrial connectors, which can be addressed via customized integration.
Code: Customization & PEFT
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 12
Response: Innovation potential and cost advantages of open-source AI against the need for reliability, compliance, and vendor support provided by proprietary solutions.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Code: Support & SLAs
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: Q5
Response: Compliance, Performance, Support
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ1
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 8
Response: Reliability and regulation fit
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 9
Response: Exploring internal anomaly detection
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 10
Response: Long procurement cycles
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 11
Response: Industry-specific model registry
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 12
Response: Compliance > Cost
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: Q5
Response: Performance, SLAs
Code: Performance sufficiency
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ1
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 8
Response: Reliability and integration
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 9
Response: Predictive maintenance POC
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 10
Response: Access to open datasets
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 11
Response: Deployment templates
Code: Deployment architecture
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 12
Response: SLA before Openness
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 8
Response: Risk mitigation, vendor accountability
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 9
Response: Pilot for emissions monitoring
Code: Observability & monitoring
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 10
Response: Legal review
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 11
Response: Role-based access guides
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 12
Response: Security → SLA
Code: Security posture
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: Q5
Response: Cost, Performance
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ1
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 8
Response: Reduce vendor lock-in risk
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 9
Response: Evaluating model-based forecasting
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 10
Response: Internal compliance gates
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 11
Response: HF enterprise validation tools
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 12
Response: SLA vs Transparency
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: Q5
Response: Performance, Cost
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ1
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 8
Response: Service reliability
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 9
Response: Document processing prototype
Code: Documentation completeness
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 10
Response: Integration hurdles
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 11
Response: Compliance mapping
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Energy / Utilities / Oil & Gas
Survey question: 12
Response: SLA > Cost
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: Q5
Response: Regulatory compliance
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ1
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 8
Response: Price and complexity to set up.
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 9
Response: Quick prototyping. We have not done production facing things yet with hugging face models.
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 10
Response: All of the above. Lack of knowledge, compliance, skepticism, resistance to change.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 11
Response: On premise installations.
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 12
Response: The support of the vendor and compliance to swiss privacy needs are important. Turnkey solutions are valued.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Data privacy & control
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Support & SLAs
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 8
Response: increase productivity
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 9
Response: we have SyzGpt to assite all administrative tasks and AI intelligence monitoring
Code: Observability & monitoring
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 10
Response: banking secrecy
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 11
Response: training and workshop
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 12
Response: prioritize proprietary options
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: Q5
Response: Risk management
Code: Security posture
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ1
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 8
Response: No vendor lock-in and a hedge against sudden pricing or policy shifts.
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 9
Response: A fine-tuned, open-source LLM running on our secure cluster now drafts compliance reports by summarising new regulations, cutting analyst time ≈ 45 %.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 10
Response: - Regulatory compliance (EU AI Act, Basel guidance). 
- Security & patch cadence for rapidly evolving models.
- Model governance (lineage, bias testing, audit trails).
- Change-management friction inside legacy risk processes.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Security posture
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Governance readiness
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 11
Response: Pre-certified model cards mapped to banking risk taxonomies. Integrated guardrail & red-teaming toolkit.
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 12
Response: We score each option across risk, speed, cost, performance, talent fit, and lock-in.
If a single strategic partner can meet the risk/speed bar under a tight legal framework, we stay focused to maximise velocity. Otherwise, we diversify or use an LLM gateway to abstract providers, so we keep optionality while containing contractual complexity.
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Code: Performance sufficiency
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: Q5
Response: Productivity enhancement, regulatory compliance, security, and ability to improve hybrid client experience.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ1
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 8
Response: We chose proprietary AI solutions, particularly Microsoft Azure Open AI Service, motivated by the need for regulatory compliance, enterprise-grade support, security, and productivity gains.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Security posture
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Support & SLAs
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 9
Response: Currently no prominent deployments of Hugging Face solutions.
Code: Deployment architecture
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 10
Response: Regulatory compliance and data privacy concerns are the major challenges faced when adopting open-source AI.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Data privacy & control
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 11
Response: Enterprise-grade regulatory compliance, deployment support, integration capabilities, and assured data security would be critical to making Hugging Face’s open-source AI offerings more attractive to financial institutions.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Security posture
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Support & SLAs
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Code: Deployment architecture
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 12
Response: Compliance, security, vendor support, and productivity improvements.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Security posture
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Support & SLAs
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: Q5
Response: Cost
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ1
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 8
Response: Open-source AI is attractive for avoiding vendor lock-in, but proprietary solutions are favoured for ease of use, support, and faster implementation given our small team.
Code: Support & SLAs
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 9
Response: Currently in pilot or evaluation stages; potential to use Hugging Face models for automating invoice processing and financial document summarization to reduce manual work.
Code: Documentation completeness
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 10
Response: - Limited in-house AI expertise to implement and maintain models. 
- Data privacy and security compliance with financial regulations.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Security posture
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Data privacy & control
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 11
Response: Enhanced compliance-focused resources and security best practices documentation relevant to financial data processing would also be helpful for startups in regulated industries.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Security posture
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Documentation completeness
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 12
Response: Reliability, ease of deployment and support.
Code: Support & SLAs
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Code: Deployment architecture
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: Q5
Response: Compliance, Data Privacy
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ1
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 8
Response: Regulatory fit, risk control
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 9
Response: Evaluating retrieval over policy docs
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 10
Response: Legal approval cycles
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 11
Response: Compliance templates and SLAs
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 12
Response: Governance first, cost second
Code: Governance readiness
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: Q5
Response: Cost, Support, Compliance
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ1
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 8
Response: Balance cost with risk management
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 9
Response: Pilot sentiment classifier for audit reports
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 10
Response: Data residency, approval delays
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 11
Response: Private deployment guidance
Code: Deployment architecture
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 12
Response: Feasibility → Cost → SLA
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: Q5
Response: Data Privacy, Risk Management
Code: Data privacy & control
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ1
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 8
Response: Minimize exposure, ensure GDPR
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 9
Response: None yet — early evaluation
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 10
Response: Security clearance, policy fit
Code: Security posture
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 11
Response: Repository trust indicators
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Finance / Banking / Insurance
Survey question: 12
Response: Compliance gates before comparison
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: FMCG
Survey question: Q5
Response: Customization, Cost, Performance, Vendor Support, Privacy
Code: Data privacy & control
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ1
Industry: FMCG
Survey question: 8
Response: We are still developing the first solutions. Exploration phase so far.
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: FMCG
Survey question: 9
Response: Not aware.
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: FMCG
Survey question: 10
Response: technical mostly
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: FMCG
Survey question: 11
Response: solving what is in number 5
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: FMCG
Survey question: 12
Response: Once the solution is proven to provide value implementation support is most important criteria. Since the implementations can be very large scale, support both before and after deployment is extremely important. Future roadmap must exist for the technology.
Code: Support & SLAs
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Code: Deployment architecture
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: FMCG
Survey question: Q5
Response: Cost, Ease of Use, Support
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ1
Industry: FMCG
Survey question: 8
Response: Limited internal expertise
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: FMCG
Survey question: 9
Response: Testing basic sentiment analysis
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: FMCG
Survey question: 10
Response: Lack of internal talent
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: FMCG
Survey question: 11
Response: End-to-end templates
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: FMCG
Survey question: 12
Response: Feasibility before cost
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: FMCG
Survey question: Q5
Response: Cost, Vendor Reliability
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ1
Industry: FMCG
Survey question: 8
Response: Faster deployment, less engineering
Code: Deployment architecture
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: FMCG
Survey question: 9
Response: Social media monitoring POC
Code: Observability & monitoring
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: FMCG
Survey question: 10
Response: Skills gap, integration issues
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: FMCG
Survey question: 11
Response: Training and tutorials
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: FMCG
Survey question: 12
Response: SLA > Customization
Code: Customization & PEFT
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: FMCG
Survey question: Q5
Response: Cost, Ease of Integration
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ1
Industry: FMCG
Survey question: 8
Response: Simplicity, vendor support
Code: Support & SLAs
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: FMCG
Survey question: 9
Response: Idea tagging pilot
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: FMCG
Survey question: 10
Response: Lack of AI literacy
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: FMCG
Survey question: 11
Response: Turnkey pipelines
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: FMCG
Survey question: 12
Response: ROI vs Risk
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: Q5
Response: Regulatory compliance
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ1
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 8
Response: The preference typically leans toward proprietary AI solutions due to assured regulatory compliance, vendor accountability, and risk mitigation. Open-source AI might be considered only for non-critical or experimental projects where flexibility is needed but under stringent controls.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 9
Response: Use cases in government are often limited but could include pilot projects involving NLP.
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 10
Response: Technical challenges: integrating open-source AI with legacy government IT infrastructure.
Organisational challenges: resistance to change, limited internal expertise, and coordination across departments.
Legal challenges: compliance with strict data privacy, security regulations, and procurement rules.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Security posture
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Data privacy & control
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 11
Response: Features for transparent auditing and explainability to meet governance requirements.
Code: Governance readiness
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 12
Response: We prioritize risk mitigation, regulatory compliance, and data governance when evaluating trade-offs. Proprietary AI solutions are preferred for critical and sensitive applications due to guaranteed vendor support, accountability, and compliance assurances.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Governance readiness
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Support & SLAs
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 8
Response: Proprietary AI is favoured for assured compliance, support, and risk management. Open-source AI may be used cautiously only in pilot or experimental projects that do not impact critical operations.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Support & SLAs
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 9
Response: Limited use cases primarily involving pilot NLP projects.
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 10
Response: Integration with legacy systems. Ensuring strict regulatory and security compliance. Lack of internal expertise. Resistance to change within the organization. Procurement and governance hurdles.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Security posture
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Governance readiness
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 11
Response: Transparency and auditing features for governance.
Code: Governance readiness
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 12
Response: The organisation prioritizes risk mitigation, regulatory compliance, and accountability.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 8
Response: Open-source AI is valued for transparency, adaptability to local needs, and alignment with European digital sovereignty goals.
Proprietary AI is used for mission‑critical systems where vendor accountability, guaranteed SLAs, and compliance certification are essential.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 9
Response: Pilot projects focused on natural language processing for public health information services.
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 10
Response: Ensuring strict compliance with GDPR and specific health data privacy laws. Integrating open-source AI tools into complex, multi-agency public health IT ecosystems and legacy systems.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Data privacy & control
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 11
Response: Regulatory-focused deployment guides.
Code: Deployment architecture
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 12
Response: Adaptability, transparency, and innovation afforded by open-source AI with the operational stability, vendor accountability, and regulatory assurances offered by proprietary solutions.
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 8
Response: Open-source AI is valued for transparency, adaptability, multilingual capability.
Proprietary AI is chosen for mission-critical, classified, or legally sensitive operations requiring certified vendor support.
Code: Support & SLAs
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 9
Response: In policy research and internal knowledge management pilots.
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 10
Response: - Confidentiality and security mandate alignment
- Integration with complex, security‑hardened federal systems
- Multilingual performance management and bias mitigation
- Compliance assurance and accuracy consistency in model updates
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Security posture
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Performance sufficiency
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 11
Response: Model cards with more detailed information.
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 12
Response: Transparency, adaptability, and sovereignty benefits of open-source AI against the guaranteed SLAs, vendor accountability, and certification of proprietary AI.
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 8
Response: Proprietary AI is valued for reliability, turnkey deployment, and vendor accountability in the public education sector.
Code: Deployment architecture
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 9
Response: No direct open‑source model deployment.
Code: Deployment architecture
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 10
Response: Regulatory compliance.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 11
Response: Clear compliance and deployment guides for education-sector AI.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Deployment architecture
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 12
Response: Reliability, compliance, and vendor accountability, leading to a preference for proprietary systems in national rollouts.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: Q5
Response: Documentation, Compliance
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ1
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 8
Response: Transparency, accountability
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 9
Response: Policy analysis prototype
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 10
Response: Security posture and data isolation
Code: Security posture
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 11
Response: Public-sector audit kits
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 12
Response: Compliance > Cost
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: Q5
Response: Governance, Data Privacy
Code: Data privacy & control
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ1
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 8
Response: Auditability, traceability
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 9
Response: None yet — feasibility study
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 10
Response: Legal review and IT policy
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 11
Response: Public-use compliance tools
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 12
Response: GDPR check → SLA
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: Q5
Response: Performance, Compliance
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ1
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 8
Response: Balance open vs closed ecosystems
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 9
Response: Retrieval over public open data
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 10
Response: Procurement friction
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 11
Response: Licensing examples
Code: Licensing clarity
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 12
Response: Policy gate → Performance
Code: Performance sufficiency
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: Q5
Response: Data Privacy, Vendor Dependence
Code: Data privacy & control
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ1
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 8
Response: Reduce lock-in
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 9
Response: Not yet piloted
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 10
Response: Integration and internal review
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 11
Response: Government-tailored guidance
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Government / Public Sector
Survey question: 12
Response: GDPR and sovereignty first
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Healthcare / Biotech / Life Sciences
Survey question: Q5
Response: Data control / privacy
Code: Data privacy & control
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ1
Industry: Healthcare / Biotech / Life Sciences
Survey question: 8
Response: Not there yet
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Healthcare / Biotech / Life Sciences
Survey question: 9
Response: None.
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Healthcare / Biotech / Life Sciences
Survey question: 10
Response: nan
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Code: No keyword match
Type: NA
Research question: NA
Industry: Healthcare / Biotech / Life Sciences
Survey question: 12
Response: Security and compliance, performance and accuracy, cost and resource allocation.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Security posture
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Code: Performance sufficiency
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Industry: Healthcare / Biotech / Life Sciences
Survey question: Q5
Response: Performance
Code: Performance sufficiency
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ1
Industry: Healthcare / Biotech / Life Sciences
Survey question: 8
Response: To balance customization and cost with stringent regulatory compliance and data privacy requirements inherent in healthcare.
Code: Compliance
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Data privacy & control
Type: Gate
Research question: RQ2
Code: Cost & TCO
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3
Code: Customization & PEFT
Type: Lever
Research question: RQ3