Урок 16. Inventions
Предмет: Английский язык, 8 класс

8 класс

Lesson 16

Inventions

In this lesson

you will learn how to form past tenses and where to use.

Ключевые слова: discover, see, sloppy, messy, destroy, forget, harmful, recover, notice, important, culture, experiment, Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous.

Речевой материал: введение новых грамматических структур, тренировка их употребления в речи, правила употребления времен группы Past, способы формирования времен группы Past, введение новых лексических единиц, расширение словарного запаса.

Пояснения:

Чтобы рассказать о событиях в прошлом, мы используем времена группы Past

Мы используем Past Simple, чтобы

рассказать о действиях, которые произошли в прошлом. Нам известно время совершения действия. E.g. I went to school yesterday.
рассказать о событиях, которые происходили одно за другим. E.g. I opened the door and heard the phone ringing.
рассказать о чем-то, что раньше происходило, но сейчас этого не происходит. E.g. I often visited my grandparents when I was a child. (I am not a child now).

Time markers: yesterday, ago, last, in 1953.

Мы используем Past Continuous:

чтобы рассказать о событиях, которые длились в определенный момент времени в прошлом. E.g. I was drawing a picture yesterday at 5 o’clock.
чтобы рассказать о событии, которое было в процессе, когда его прорвало другое действие в прошлом. E.g. I was washing the dishes when he called me.
чтобы рассказать о двух или более одновременных действиях, которые происходили в прошлом. E.g. She was reading the book while he was watching TV.

Time markers: when, while

Мы используем Past Perfect:

чтобы рассказать о событии, которое произошло до определенного момента времени в прошлом. E.g. I had finished my project before 7 o’clock yesterday.

I suddenly remembered that I had forgotten my keys at work.

Time markers: before, by.

Мы используем Past Perfect Continuous:

чтобы рассказать о чем-то, что было в процессе до определенного момента времени в прошлом. E.g. I had been typing my essay for 2 hours when he came.

Time markers: since, for

discover – find out something new – открывать
see – realise – видеть, понимать
sloppy – irresponsible – небрежный
messy – dirty – беспорядочный
destroy – damage or make harm to something – уничтожать
forget – not remember – забывать
harmful – dangerous – вредный
recover – get well – выздоравливать
notice – see something – замечать
important – valuable – важный
experiment – test – эксперимент

Основное содержание урока

We live in the era of technology. Fast cars, trains, planes, medical equipment, smart phones security systems make our life easier and safer.

But how did it all begin?

To talk about actions that happened in the past we use Past Tenses.

There are 4 past tenses. They are: Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect, and Past Perfect Continuous.

Let’s have a look at the way we form sentences in these Tenses.

Now let’s talk about these Tenses in details.

Past Simple.

We use this tense:

to talk about actions that happened in the past. We know the time. E.g. I went to school yesterday.
to talk about actions that took place one after another. E.g. I opened the door and heard the phone ringing.
to talk about something that was regular in the past. E.g. I often visited my grandparents when I was a child. (I am not a child now.)

Time markers: yesterday, ago, last, in 1953.

We use Past Continuous:

to talk about something that was happening at a definite time in the past.

E.g. I was drawing a picture yesterday at 5 o’clock.

to talk about something that was happening but was interrupted by something else.

E.g. I was washing the dishes when he called me.

to talk about several actions which were in progress at the same time in the past.

E.g. She was reading the book while he was watching TV.

Time markers: when, while, as.

We use Past Perfect:

to talk about something that happened before the definite time in the past.

E.g. I had finished my project before 7 o’clock yesterday.

I suddenly remembered that I had forgotten my keys at work.

Time markers: before, by.

We use Past Perfect Continuous:

to talk about something that had been in progress in the past before another action in the past.

E.g. I had been typing my essay for 2 hours when he came.

Time markers: since, for

A lot of things were discovered in the past. Let’s find out what words we can use to talk about these discoveries.

Try to guess the meanings of these words.

discover – find out something new.
see – realise
sloppy – irresponsible
messy – dirty
destroy – damage or make harm to something
forget – not remember
harmful – dangerous
recover – get well
notice – see something
important – valuable
experiment – test

Тренировочные упражнения

Choose the correct answer.

Columbus ___________ America.

1)

discovered

2)

discovering

3)

were discovering

He ____________ well from his accident.

1)

was recovering

2)

were recovering

3)

had recovering

He _________ a lot of experiments last week.

1)

were

2)

did

3)

was

He came home and realised that he ________ his keys.

1)

had forgotten

2)

forget

3)

forgotten

I ___________ him yesterday

1)

didn’t see

2)

wasn’t seeing

3)

weren’t seeing

Choose the correct answer.

When he came home she ________ with the dinner for two hours.

1)

had been experimenting

2)

had experimented

3)

were experimenting

I ___________ to call Jean yesterday.

1)

had been forgetting

2)

was forgetting

3)

forgot

Your room is still very messy. I __________ you to tidy up two days ago.

1)

asked

2)

were asking

3)

had asking

I discovered that the meeting _________.

1)

had been cancelled

2)

cancelled

3)

were cancelling

They___ football yesterday at 5 o'clock.

1)

were playing

2)

played

3)

had played

Choose the correct answer.

My room ________ very messy and my mum told me to clean it.

1)

was

2)

were

3)

had

When she came home, he _________ for two hours.

1)

had been practising

2)

practised

3)

was practised

She __________ him home yesterday at noon.

1)

was taking

2)

were taking

3)

had taken

Jane ____________ me with my homework yesterday.

1)

were helping

2)

had been helping

3)

helped

It __________ a very harmful experiment.

1)

was

2)

had

3)

was been

Match the words.

look

from

discover

at

forget

something

recover

with

experiment

of/about

Choose the correct answer.

I asked/were asking Mark for help yesterday.
I came home and noticed that I had forgotten/forget my phone at work.
She was making/made dinner yesterday at 5 o’clock when he came home.
I was helping/had helped my mum around the house when my dad came home.
I was taking shower when my little sister was reading/had read.

Choose the correct answer.

Mary had been making/made lunch yesterday for two hours when he came home.
We were watching/watched TV yesterday from 5 to 6.
Did he come/came back home early yesterday?
I was writing/had writing a letter to my friend yesterday at 6 o'clock.
It was getting/had get dark when we came home.

Match the words with their definitions.

messy

damage or make harm to something

destroy

get well

forget

dirty

harmful

not remember

recover

dangerous

Choose the correct answer.

I lived in Moscow when the war broke out/were breaking.
When he was in London, he visited the places where he had been playing/played in his childhood.
She cut her finger when she was cutting/were cutting carrots.
I met/had been meeting my old friend last week.
I was having/had had dinner when he called me.

Контрольные задания

Вариант 1

1.

Choose the correct answer.

When my daughter ________ ill, she didn’t go to school.

1)

was

2)

had

3)

were

She _________ for me yesterday from 5 to 6.

1)

was waiting

2)

waited

3)

were waiting

I came home, ________ dinner and started to read a newspaper.

1)

had been

2)

was

3)

had

Suddenly Sue remembered that she _________ her friend to go to the cinema together.

1)

had promised

2)

was promising

3)

were promised

He __________ English for two years when he started to learn French.

1)

had been learning

2)

learnt

3)

were learning

He _____________ yesterday the whole evening.

1)

was experimented

2)

were experimenting

3)

was experimenting

2.

Choose the correct answer.

I saw/were seeing my school teacher yesterday at the mall.
She came/were coming home late at night.
My sister was sleeping/had sleeping while I was reading.
I had been cleaning/were cleaning the house for three hours when he came home.
Jane was recovering/had recovering well from her surgery.
It was/had really important for me to have this job.
He didn’t water/didn’t watered the plants and they were destroyed.
She was helping/helped me around the house yesterday at 4 o’clock.
I got/had getting a bad mark at school yesterday.

3.

Match the words with their definitions.

notice

test

important

find out something new

discover

see something

destroy

valuable

experiment

damage or make harm to something

Вариант 2

1.

Choose the correct answer.

It ____________yesterday when we came home.

1)

was rained

2)

were raining

3)

was raining

When I called my friend, his sister told me that he ________ an hour ago.

1)

left

2)

was lefting

3)

had left

They __________ very fast and didn’t hear me.

1)

were running

2)

runned

3)

had running

I __________ that it was very cold yesterday.

1)

noticed

2)

was noticing

3)

were noticing

Susan ________ a lot of friends at school.

1)

had making

2)

made

3)

were making

Mark ________ from this horrible accident.

1

had recovering

2

was recovering

3

were recovering

2.

Choose the correct answer.

It wasn’t raining/wasn’t rained until 5 o’clock yesterday.
I was/had very disappointed to get this news yesterday.
Jill was doing/did your homework yesterday when her mother came home.
Before he entered the University, he had been working/were working as a shop assistant.
Suddenly it began/was beginning to rain.
Suddenly I remembered that I had done/had doing this project before.
I was looking/had looking for a new job when he offered me one.
When I woke up yesterday, the sun was shining/was shined.
I saw/were seeing my best friend last week.

3.

Match the words with their definitions.

forget

not remember

harmful

get well

recover

dangerous

notice

dirty

messy

see something