import Mathlib.Tactic

namespace Chapter3

/-- Provide a lightweight alias for the custom tactic `grind` used in the textbook. -/
macro "grind" : tactic => `(tactic| aesop)

universe u v

class SetTheory where
  Set : Type u -- Axiom 3.1
  Object : Type v -- Axiom 3.1
  set_to_object : Set ↪ Object -- Axiom 3.1
  mem : Object → Set → Prop -- Axiom 3.1
  extensionality X Y : (∀ x, mem x X ↔ mem x Y) → X = Y -- Axiom 3.2
  emptyset: Set -- Axiom 3.3
  emptyset_mem x : ¬ mem x emptyset -- Axiom 3.3
  singleton : Object → Set -- Axiom 3.4
  singleton_axiom x y : mem x (singleton y) ↔ x = y -- Axiom 3.4
  union_pair : Set → Set → Set -- Axiom 3.5
  union_pair_axiom X Y x : mem x (union_pair X Y) ↔ (mem x X ∨ mem x Y) -- Axiom 3.5
  specify A (P: Subtype (mem . A) → Prop) : Set -- Axiom 3.6
  specification_axiom A (P: Subtype (mem . A) → Prop) :
    (∀ x, mem x (specify A P) → mem x A) ∧ ∀ x, mem x.val (specify A P) ↔ P x -- Axiom 3.6
  replace A (P: Subtype (mem . A) → Object → Prop)
    (hP: ∀ x y y', P x y ∧ P x y' → y = y') : Set -- Axiom 3.7
  replacement_axiom A (P: Subtype (mem . A) → Object → Prop)
    (hP: ∀ x y y', P x y ∧ P x y' → y = y') : ∀ y, mem y (replace A P hP) ↔ ∃ x, P x y -- Axiom 3.7
  nat : Set -- Axiom 3.8
  nat_equiv : ℕ ≃ Subtype (mem . nat) -- Axiom 3.8
  regularity_axiom A (hA : ∃ x, mem x A) :
    ∃ x, mem x A ∧ ∀ S, x = set_to_object S → ¬ ∃ y, mem y A ∧ mem y S -- Axiom 3.9
  pow : Set → Set → Set -- Axiom 3.11
  function_to_object (X: Set) (Y: Set) :
    (Subtype (mem . X) → Subtype (mem . Y)) ↪ Object -- Axiom 3.11
  powerset_axiom (X: Set) (Y: Set) (F:Object) :
    mem F (pow X Y) ↔ ∃ f: Subtype (mem . Y) → Subtype (mem . X),
    function_to_object Y X f = F -- Axiom 3.11
  union : Set → Set -- Axiom 3.12
  union_axiom A x : mem x (union A) ↔ ∃ S, mem x S ∧ mem (set_to_object S) A -- Axiom 3.12

export SetTheory (Set Object)

variable [SetTheory]

instance SetTheory.objects_mem_sets : Membership Object Set where
  mem X x := SetTheory.mem x X

instance SetTheory.sets_are_objects : Coe Set Object where
  coe X := SetTheory.set_to_object X

namespace SetTheory
namespace Set

/-- Unions and singletons, to enable `{x}` and `X ∪ Y` notations (Section 3.1). -/
instance instUnion : Union Set where union := SetTheory.union_pair

instance instSingleton : Singleton Object Set where singleton := SetTheory.singleton

instance instInsert : Insert Object Set where insert x X := {x} ∪ X

end Set
end SetTheory

@[ext]
structure OrderedPair where
  fst: Object
  snd: Object

@[simp]
theorem OrderedPair.eq (x y x' y' : Object) :
    (⟨ x, y ⟩ : OrderedPair) = (⟨ x', y' ⟩ : OrderedPair) ↔ x = x' ∧ y = y' := by aesop

/-- Exercise 3.5.1, first part -/ 
-- (Appears with a `sorry` in the original source.)
def OrderedPair.toObject : OrderedPair ↪ Object where
  toFun p := ({ (({p.fst}:Set):Object), (({p.fst, p.snd}:Set):Object) }:Set)
  inj' := by sorry

instance OrderedPair.inst_coeObject : Coe OrderedPair Object where
  coe := OrderedPair.toObject

namespace SetTheory
namespace Set

abbrev toSubtype (A:Set) := Subtype (fun x ↦ x ∈ A)

instance : CoeSort (Set) (Type v) where
  coe A := toSubtype A

abbrev specify (A:Set) (P: A → Prop) : Set := SetTheory.specify A P

abbrev replace (A:Set) {P: A → Object → Prop}
  (hP : ∀ x y y', P x y ∧ P x y' → y = y') : Set := SetTheory.replace A P hP

instance instIntersection : Inter Set where
  inter X Y := specify X (fun x ↦ x.val ∈ Y)

/-- A technical operation used to define Cartesian product (Section 3.5). -/
abbrev slice (x:Object) (Y:Set) : Set :=
  Y.replace (P := fun y z ↦ z = (⟨x, y⟩:OrderedPair)) (by grind)

/-- Cartesian product (Definition 3.5.4). -/
abbrev cartesian (X Y:Set) : Set :=
  SetTheory.union (X.replace (P := fun x z ↦ z = slice x Y)
    (by intro _ _ _ ⟨h1, h2⟩; exact h1.trans h2.symm))

end Set
end SetTheory

-- Provide the ×ˢ notation (as used in the textbook) for our `cartesian` product.
notation:65 A:66 " ×ˢ " B:65 => SetTheory.Set.cartesian A B

/-- Target theorem (Exercise 3.5.4). -/
 theorem SetTheory.Set.inter_prod (A B C:Set) : (A ∩ B) ×ˢ C = (A ×ˢ C) 
    ∩ (B ×ˢ C) := by
end Chapter3