import Mathlib.Tactic

namespace Chapter3

universe u v

/-- The axioms of Zermelo-Frankel theory with atoms.  -/
class SetTheory where
  Set : Type u -- Axiom 3.1
  Object : Type v -- Axiom 3.1
  set_to_object : Set ↪ Object -- Axiom 3.1
  mem : Object → Set → Prop -- Axiom 3.1
  extensionality X Y : (∀ x, mem x X ↔ mem x Y) → X = Y -- Axiom 3.2
  emptyset: Set -- Axiom 3.3
  emptyset_mem x : ¬ mem x emptyset -- Axiom 3.3
  singleton : Object → Set -- Axiom 3.4
  singleton_axiom x y : mem x (singleton y) ↔ x = y -- Axiom 3.4
  union_pair : Set → Set → Set -- Axiom 3.5
  union_pair_axiom X Y x : mem x (union_pair X Y) ↔ (mem x X ∨ mem x Y) -- Axiom 3.5
  specify A (P: Subtype (mem . A) → Prop) : Set -- Axiom 3.6
  specification_axiom A (P: Subtype (mem . A) → Prop) :
    (∀ x, mem x (specify A P) → mem x A) ∧ ∀ x, mem x.val (specify A P) ↔ P x -- Axiom 3.6
  replace A (P: Subtype (mem . A) → Object → Prop)
    (hP: ∀ x y y', P x y ∧ P x y' → y = y') : Set -- Axiom 3.7
  replacement_axiom A (P: Subtype (mem . A) → Object → Prop)
    (hP: ∀ x y y', P x y ∧ P x y' → y = y') : ∀ y, mem y (replace A P hP) ↔ ∃ x, P x y -- Axiom 3.7
  nat : Set -- Axiom 3.8
  nat_equiv : ℕ ≃ Subtype (mem . nat) -- Axiom 3.8
  regularity_axiom A (hA : ∃ x, mem x A) :
    ∃ x, mem x A ∧ ∀ S, x = set_to_object S → ¬ ∃ y, mem y A ∧ mem y S -- Axiom 3.9
  pow : Set → Set → Set -- Axiom 3.11
  function_to_object (X: Set) (Y: Set) :
    (Subtype (mem . X) → Subtype (mem . Y)) ↪ Object -- Axiom 3.11
  powerset_axiom (X: Set) (Y: Set) (F:Object) :
    mem F (pow X Y) ↔ ∃ f: Subtype (mem . Y) → Subtype (mem . X),
    function_to_object Y X f = F -- Axiom 3.11
  union : Set → Set -- Axiom 3.12
  union_axiom A x : mem x (union A) ↔ ∃ S, mem x S ∧ mem (set_to_object S) A -- Axiom 3.12

-- This enables one to use `Set` and `Object` instead of `SetTheory.Set` and `SetTheory.Object`.
export SetTheory (Set Object)

-- This instance implicitly imposes the axioms of Zermelo-Frankel set theory with atoms.
variable [SetTheory]

/-- Definition 3.1.1 (objects can be elements of sets) -/
instance SetTheory.objects_mem_sets : Membership Object Set where
  mem X x := mem x X

/--
  This defines the subtype `A.toSubtype` for any `A:Set`.
  Note that `A.toSubtype` gives you a type, similar to how `Object` or `Set` are types.
  A value `x'` of type `A.toSubtype` combines some `x: Object` with a proof that `hx: x ∈ A`.

  To produce an element `x'` of this subtype, use `⟨ x, hx ⟩`, where `x: Object` and `hx: x ∈ A`.
  The object `x` associated to a subtype element `x'` is recovered as `x'.val`, and
  the property `hx` that `x` belongs to `A` is recovered as `x'.property`.
-/
abbrev SetTheory.Set.toSubtype (A:Set) := Subtype (fun x ↦ x ∈ A)

instance : CoeSort (Set) (Type v) where
  coe A := A.toSubtype

/-- Axiom 3.8 (Universal specification) -/
abbrev axiom_of_universal_specification : Prop :=
  ∀ P : Object → Prop, ∃ A : Set, ∀ x : Object, x ∈ A ↔ P x

/--
  Exercise 3.2.1. The spirit of the exercise is to establish these results without using either
  Russell's paradox, or the specify operation.
-/
theorem SetTheory.Set.specify_exists (h: axiom_of_universal_specification) (A:Set) (P: A → Prop):
    ∃ (Z:Set), ∀ z, z ∈ Z ↔ ∃ h : z ∈ A, P ⟨ z, h ⟩ := by
end Chapter3