internlm/SWE-Fixer-Train-110K huggingface dataset:
Repository: pallets/click

Issue:
Shell completion fails with for arguments starting with "/"
After enabling shell completion support, arguments which start with a leading forward slash "/" fail to complete.

After a bit of debugging, it appears that if the argument starts with a "/", the completions are generated for the command itself instead of for the argument. For example, `my_app open /fold⇥` would generate completions for `open` instead of `/fold` whereas `my_app open fold⇥` correctly generates completions for `fold`.

Edit: To clarify the above, in both cases either "/fold" or "fold" is correctly picked up as the incomplete string. But in the first case, `obj.shell_complete(ctx, "/fold")` is called with the "open" command as the `obj`.

Environment:

- Python version: 3.9
- Click version: 8.0.1
- Shell: zsh, bash



Discussion:
Further debugging shows that an argument starting with "/" is incorrectly identified as the start of an option by `click.shell_completion._start_of_option()`:

https://github.com/pallets/click/blob/af0af571cbbd921d3974a0ff9cf58a4b26bb852b/src/click/shell_completion.py#L449-L451

This causes the wrong object to be chosen to provide the completion in `_resolve_incomplete()`:

https://github.com/pallets/click/blob/af0af571cbbd921d3974a0ff9cf58a4b26bb852b/src/click/shell_completion.py#L555-L556



Resolving patch:
diff --git a/src/click/shell_completion.py b/src/click/shell_completion.py
--- a/src/click/shell_completion.py
+++ b/src/click/shell_completion.py
@@ -450,7 +450,12 @@ def _is_incomplete_argument(ctx: Context, param: Parameter) -> bool:
 
 def _start_of_option(value: str) -> bool:
     """Check if the value looks like the start of an option."""
-    return not value[0].isalnum() if value else False
+    if not value:
+        return False
+
+    c = value[0]
+    # Allow "/" since that starts a path.
+    return not c.isalnum() and c != "/"
 
 
 def _is_incomplete_option(args: t.List[str], param: Parameter) -> bool:


Test patch:
diff --git a/tests/test_shell_completion.py b/tests/test_shell_completion.py
--- a/tests/test_shell_completion.py
+++ b/tests/test_shell_completion.py
@@ -125,6 +125,14 @@ def test_path_types(type, expect):
     assert c.type == expect
 
 
+def test_absolute_path():
+    cli = Command("cli", params=[Option(["-f"], type=Path())])
+    out = _get_completions(cli, ["-f"], "/ab")
+    assert len(out) == 1
+    c = out[0]
+    assert c.value == "/ab"
+
+
 def test_option_flag():
     cli = Command(
         "cli",
Repository: pallets/click

Issue:
Option.is_bool_flag is set to True even if the option is not a flag
This is relevant only for Click 8.0.1, since the following line was introduced in PR https://github.com/pallets/click/pull/1913:

https://github.com/pallets/click/blob/af0af571cbbd921d3974a0ff9cf58a4b26bb852b/src/click/core.py#L2531

The solution is as easy as:

```python
self.is_bool_flag = self.is_flag and isinstance(self.type, types.BoolParamType)
```
Available to open a PR.

## Demonstration code
```python
import click

@click.command()
@click.option('--switch', type=bool)
def f(switch):
    print(switch)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    assert not f.params[0].is_flag
    assert f.params[0].is_bool_flag
    f('--switch'.split())
```
```
Error: Option '--switch' requires an argument.
```


Discussion:

Resolving patch:
diff --git a/src/click/core.py b/src/click/core.py
--- a/src/click/core.py
+++ b/src/click/core.py
@@ -2528,7 +2528,7 @@ def __init__(
             self.type = types.convert_type(None, flag_value)
 
         self.is_flag: bool = is_flag
-        self.is_bool_flag = isinstance(self.type, types.BoolParamType)
+        self.is_bool_flag = is_flag and isinstance(self.type, types.BoolParamType)
         self.flag_value: t.Any = flag_value
 
         # Counting


Test patch:
diff --git a/tests/test_options.py b/tests/test_options.py
--- a/tests/test_options.py
+++ b/tests/test_options.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 import pytest
 
 import click
+from click import Option
 
 
 def test_prefixes(runner):
@@ -763,3 +764,22 @@ def test_type_from_flag_value():
     assert param.type is click.INT
     param = click.Option(["-b", "x"], flag_value=8)
     assert param.type is click.INT
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("option", "expected"),
+    [
+        # Not boolean flags
+        pytest.param(Option(["-a"], type=int), False, id="int option"),
+        pytest.param(Option(["-a"], type=bool), False, id="bool non-flag [None]"),
+        pytest.param(Option(["-a"], default=True), False, id="bool non-flag [True]"),
+        pytest.param(Option(["-a"], default=False), False, id="bool non-flag [False]"),
+        pytest.param(Option(["-a"], flag_value=1), False, id="non-bool flag_value"),
+        # Boolean flags
+        pytest.param(Option(["-a"], is_flag=True), True, id="is_flag=True"),
+        pytest.param(Option(["-a/-A"]), True, id="secondary option [implicit flag]"),
+        pytest.param(Option(["-a"], flag_value=True), True, id="bool flag_value"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_is_bool_flag_is_correctly_set(option, expected):
+    assert option.is_bool_flag is expected
Repository: pallets/click

Issue:
Completion Example Error.
<!--
This issue tracker is a tool to address bugs in Click itself. Please use
Pallets Discord or Stack Overflow for questions about your own code.

Replace this comment with a clear outline of what the bug is.
-->

<!--
Describe how to replicate the bug.

Include a minimal reproducible example that demonstrates the bug.
Include the full traceback if there was an exception.
-->

When running completion example, try to do completion with completion `group select-user` and it will produce the following error.

```
completion group select-user bTraceback (most recent call last):      
  File "/Users/thomas/.pyenv/versions/3.8.5/bin/completion", line 11, in <module>
    load_entry_point('click-example-completion', 'console_scripts', 'completion')()
  File "/Users/thomas/.pyenv/versions/3.8.5/lib/python3.8/site-packages/click/core.py", line 1137, in __call__
    return self.main(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/thomas/.pyenv/versions/3.8.5/lib/python3.8/site-packages/click/core.py", line 1057, in main
    self._main_shell_completion(extra, prog_name, complete_var)
  File "/Users/thomas/.pyenv/versions/3.8.5/lib/python3.8/site-packages/click/core.py", line 1132, in _main_shell_completion
    rv = shell_complete(self, ctx_args, prog_name, complete_var, instruction)
  File "/Users/thomas/.pyenv/versions/3.8.5/lib/python3.8/site-packages/click/shell_completion.py", line 49, in shell_complete
    echo(comp.complete())
  File "/Users/thomas/.pyenv/versions/3.8.5/lib/python3.8/site-packages/click/shell_completion.py", line 291, in complete
    completions = self.get_completions(args, incomplete)
  File "/Users/thomas/.pyenv/versions/3.8.5/lib/python3.8/site-packages/click/shell_completion.py", line 273, in get_completions
    return obj.shell_complete(ctx, incomplete)
  File "/Users/thomas/.pyenv/versions/3.8.5/lib/python3.8/site-packages/click/core.py", line 2403, in shell_complete
    if results and isinstance(results[0], str):
TypeError: 'generator' object is not subscriptable
```

<!--
Describe the expected behavior that should have happened but didn't.
-->

Environment:

- Python version:
- Click version:



Discussion:

Resolving patch:
diff --git a/examples/completion/completion.py b/examples/completion/completion.py
--- a/examples/completion/completion.py
+++ b/examples/completion/completion.py
@@ -38,10 +38,13 @@ def list_users(ctx, param, incomplete):
     # of CompletionItem. You can match on whatever you want, including
     # the help.
     items = [("bob", "butcher"), ("alice", "baker"), ("jerry", "candlestick maker")]
+    out = []
 
     for value, help in items:
         if incomplete in value or incomplete in help:
-            yield CompletionItem(value, help=help)
+            out.append(CompletionItem(value, help=help))
+
+    return out
 
 
 @group.command(help="Choose a user")


Test patch:
Repository: pallets/click

Issue:
Bash version detection fails with certain locales
I have a machine where the system locale is set to `de_DE.UTF-8`. The output of `bash --version` here is:
~~~
GNU bash, Version 5.1.4(1)-release (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)
Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Lizenz GPLv3+: GNU GPL Version 3 oder jünger <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>

Dies ist freie Software. Sie darf verändert und verteilt werden.
Es wird keine Garantie gewährt, soweit das Gesetz es zulässt.
~~~

This causes clicks shell completion activation to die with an exception because of the capitalized `V` in `Version`:
~~~
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/losinski/.local/bin/template-test", line 8, in <module>
    sys.exit(main())
  File "/home/losinski/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/click/core.py", line 1137, in __call__
    return self.main(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/losinski/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/click/core.py", line 1057, in main
    self._main_shell_completion(extra, prog_name, complete_var)
  File "/home/losinski/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/click/core.py", line 1132, in _main_shell_completion
    rv = shell_complete(self, ctx_args, prog_name, complete_var, instruction)
  File "/home/losinski/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/click/shell_completion.py", line 45, in shell_complete
    echo(comp.source())
  File "/home/losinski/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/click/shell_completion.py", line 324, in source
    self._check_version()
  File "/home/losinski/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/click/shell_completion.py", line 319, in _check_version
    raise RuntimeError(
RuntimeError: Couldn't detect Bash version, shell completion is not supported.
~~~

A quickfix would be to set `LANG=C` as environment on the `bash --version` call here: https://github.com/pallets/click/blob/main/src/click/shell_completion.py#L305. Another option would be
~~~
bash -c 'echo ${BASH_VERSION}'
5.1.4(1)-release
~~~


Environment:

- Python version: 3.9.2
- Click version: 8.0.1



Discussion:

Resolving patch:
diff --git a/src/click/shell_completion.py b/src/click/shell_completion.py
--- a/src/click/shell_completion.py
+++ b/src/click/shell_completion.py
@@ -302,8 +302,10 @@ class BashComplete(ShellComplete):
     def _check_version(self) -> None:
         import subprocess
 
-        output = subprocess.run(["bash", "--version"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
-        match = re.search(r"version (\d)\.(\d)\.\d", output.stdout.decode())
+        output = subprocess.run(
+            ["bash", "-c", "echo ${BASH_VERSION}"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE
+        )
+        match = re.search(r"^(\d+)\.(\d+)\.\d+", output.stdout.decode())
 
         if match is not None:
             major, minor = match.groups()


Test patch:
Repository: pallets/click

Issue:
Param decorators assume `attrs[key] is not None` just because `key in attrs`
The following lines cause a `TypeError` if one provide `help=None`:

https://github.com/pallets/click/blob/8b48450d5d63c747600e069d4c3e2274f41c8360/src/click/decorators.py#L244-L245

By the way, why is `cleandoc` called by the decorator and not by `Option` itself? The docstring says "all keyword arguments are forwarded unchanged (except ``cls``)".

The same problem appears when passing `cls=None` (also with `@argument`):

https://github.com/pallets/click/blob/8b48450d5d63c747600e069d4c3e2274f41c8360/src/click/decorators.py#L246-L247

I encountered this problem while writing a wrapper for the above decorators that explicitly list arguments for a better IDE support.


Discussion:

Resolving patch:
diff --git a/src/click/core.py b/src/click/core.py
--- a/src/click/core.py
+++ b/src/click/core.py
@@ -1819,7 +1819,7 @@ def command(
         """
         from .decorators import command
 
-        if self.command_class is not None and "cls" not in kwargs:
+        if self.command_class and kwargs.get("cls") is None:
             kwargs["cls"] = self.command_class
 
         func: t.Optional[t.Callable] = None
@@ -1863,7 +1863,7 @@ def group(
             func = args[0]
             args = args[1:]
 
-        if self.group_class is not None and "cls" not in kwargs:
+        if self.group_class is not None and kwargs.get("cls") is None:
             if self.group_class is type:
                 kwargs["cls"] = type(self)
             else:
diff --git a/src/click/decorators.py b/src/click/decorators.py
--- a/src/click/decorators.py
+++ b/src/click/decorators.py
@@ -244,7 +244,8 @@ def group(
     .. versionchanged:: 8.1
         This decorator can be applied without parentheses.
     """
-    attrs.setdefault("cls", Group)
+    if attrs.get("cls") is None:
+        attrs["cls"] = Group
 
     if callable(name):
         grp: t.Callable[[F], Group] = t.cast(Group, command(**attrs))
@@ -275,7 +276,7 @@ def argument(*param_decls: str, **attrs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[FC], FC]:
     """
 
     def decorator(f: FC) -> FC:
-        ArgumentClass = attrs.pop("cls", Argument)
+        ArgumentClass = attrs.pop("cls", None) or Argument
         _param_memo(f, ArgumentClass(param_decls, **attrs))
         return f
 
@@ -297,9 +298,9 @@ def decorator(f: FC) -> FC:
         # Issue 926, copy attrs, so pre-defined options can re-use the same cls=
         option_attrs = attrs.copy()
 
-        if "help" in option_attrs:
+        if option_attrs.get("help"):
             option_attrs["help"] = inspect.cleandoc(option_attrs["help"])
-        OptionClass = option_attrs.pop("cls", Option)
+        OptionClass = option_attrs.pop("cls", None) or Option
         _param_memo(f, OptionClass(param_decls, **option_attrs))
         return f
 


Test patch:
Repository: pallets/click

Issue:
Empty default value in --help output for option with multiple=True
## Minimal reproducible example that demonstrates the bug

```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3

import click

@click.command()
@click.option('--multioption', multiple=True, default=None, help='My help', show_default=True)
def info(_multioption):
    pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    info()
```

Notice `multiple=True` which is crucial. If you replace it with `multiple=False` it will work just fine.

### What I get

```console
$ ./test.py --help
Usage: test.py [OPTIONS]

Options:
  --multioption TEXT  My help  [default: ]
  --help              Show this message and exit.  [default: False]
```

### Expected output

```console
$ ./test.py --help
Usage: test.py [OPTIONS]

Options:
  --multioption TEXT  My help
  --help              Show this message and exit.  [default: False]
```

## Environment

### Python version

```console
$ python3 --version
Python 3.9.2
```

### Click version

```console
$ python -c "import click; print(click.__version__)"
8.0.1
```
(I checked that `8.0.2.dev0` is also affected)


Discussion:

Resolving patch:
diff --git a/src/click/core.py b/src/click/core.py
--- a/src/click/core.py
+++ b/src/click/core.py
@@ -2461,7 +2461,7 @@ class Option(Parameter):
     def __init__(
         self,
         param_decls: t.Optional[t.Sequence[str]] = None,
-        show_default: bool = False,
+        show_default: t.Union[bool, str] = False,
         prompt: t.Union[bool, str] = False,
         confirmation_prompt: t.Union[bool, str] = False,
         prompt_required: bool = True,
@@ -2748,7 +2748,8 @@ def _write_opts(opts: t.Sequence[str]) -> str:
             else:
                 default_string = str(default_value)
 
-            extra.append(_("default: {default}").format(default=default_string))
+            if default_string:
+                extra.append(_("default: {default}").format(default=default_string))
 
         if isinstance(self.type, types._NumberRangeBase):
             range_str = self.type._describe_range()


Test patch:
diff --git a/tests/test_options.py b/tests/test_options.py
--- a/tests/test_options.py
+++ b/tests/test_options.py
@@ -728,6 +728,16 @@ def test_do_not_show_no_default(runner):
     assert "[default: None]" not in message
 
 
+def test_do_not_show_default_empty_multiple():
+    """When show_default is True and multiple=True is set, it should not
+    print empty default value in --help output.
+    """
+    opt = click.Option(["-a"], multiple=True, help="values", show_default=True)
+    ctx = click.Context(click.Command("cli"))
+    message = opt.get_help_record(ctx)[1]
+    assert message == "values"
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     ("args", "expect"),
     [
Repository: pallets/click

Issue:
`required=True` does not work for flags
When using a flag option, setting `required=True` has no effect unless I also include `default=None`. I would expect there to be no default if the flag is required.


**Steps to reproduce:**
```
import click

@click.command()
@click.option('--foo/--no_foo', is_flag=True, required=True)
def bar(foo):
    pass

if __name__ == '__main__':
    bar()

```

`python test.py` runs without raising an error.

I would expect `python test.py` to raise:
```
Usage: test.py [OPTIONS]
Try 'test.py --help' for help.

Error: Missing option '--foo'.
```

Environment:

- Python version: 3.9.5
- Click version: 8.0.1



Discussion:

Resolving patch:
diff --git a/src/click/core.py b/src/click/core.py
--- a/src/click/core.py
+++ b/src/click/core.py
@@ -2511,7 +2511,7 @@ def __init__(
             # flag if flag_value is set.
             self._flag_needs_value = flag_value is not None
 
-        if is_flag and default_is_missing:
+        if is_flag and default_is_missing and not self.required:
             self.default: t.Union[t.Any, t.Callable[[], t.Any]] = False
 
         if flag_value is None:


Test patch:
diff --git a/tests/test_options.py b/tests/test_options.py
--- a/tests/test_options.py
+++ b/tests/test_options.py
@@ -502,6 +502,15 @@ def test_missing_option_string_cast():
     assert str(excinfo.value) == "Missing parameter: a"
 
 
+def test_missing_required_flag(runner):
+    cli = click.Command(
+        "cli", params=[click.Option(["--on/--off"], is_flag=True, required=True)]
+    )
+    result = runner.invoke(cli)
+    assert result.exit_code == 2
+    assert "Error: Missing option '--on'." in result.output
+
+
 def test_missing_choice(runner):
     @click.command()
     @click.option("--foo", type=click.Choice(["foo", "bar"]), required=True)
Repository: pallets/click

Issue:
Can't set the default value for multiple options with optional values
<!--
Describe how to replicate the bug.

Include a minimal reproducible example that demonstrates the bug.
Include the full traceback if there was an exception.
-->

The following example combines [optional values](https://click.palletsprojects.com/en/8.0.x/options/#optional-value) with [multiple options](https://click.palletsprojects.com/en/8.0.x/options/#multiple-options):

```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3

import click


@click.command()
@click.option('--label', multiple=True, is_flag=False, flag_value='default')
def cli(label):
    print(label)
    print(f"click.core._flag_needs_value: {click.core._flag_needs_value}")


cli()
```

```
$ ./test.py --label --label test
('<object object at 0x7f5ef63ec250>', 'test')
click.core._flag_needs_value: <object object at 0x7f5ef63ec250>
```

<!--
Describe the expected behavior that should have happened but didn't.
-->

Expected result: `('default', 'test')`

Looks like when `multiple=True`, the sentinel value (`click.core._flag_needs_value`) is never substituted with the default value specified by `flag_value`.

Environment:

- Python version: 3.7.3
- Click version: 8.0.1



Discussion:

Resolving patch:
diff --git a/src/click/core.py b/src/click/core.py
--- a/src/click/core.py
+++ b/src/click/core.py
@@ -2853,6 +2853,14 @@ def consume_value(
                 value = self.flag_value
                 source = ParameterSource.COMMANDLINE
 
+        elif (
+            self.multiple
+            and value is not None
+            and any(v is _flag_needs_value for v in value)
+        ):
+            value = [self.flag_value if v is _flag_needs_value else v for v in value]
+            source = ParameterSource.COMMANDLINE
+
         # The value wasn't set, or used the param's default, prompt if
         # prompting is enabled.
         elif (


Test patch:
diff --git a/tests/test_options.py b/tests/test_options.py
--- a/tests/test_options.py
+++ b/tests/test_options.py
@@ -792,6 +792,29 @@ def cli(opt, a, b):
     assert result.return_value == expect
 
 
+def test_multiple_option_with_optional_value(runner):
+    cli = click.Command(
+        "cli",
+        params=[
+            click.Option(["-f"], is_flag=False, flag_value="flag", multiple=True),
+            click.Option(["-a"]),
+            click.Argument(["b"], nargs=-1),
+        ],
+        callback=lambda **kwargs: kwargs,
+    )
+    result = runner.invoke(
+        cli,
+        ["-f", "-f", "other", "-f", "-a", "1", "a", "b"],
+        standalone_mode=False,
+        catch_exceptions=False,
+    )
+    assert result.return_value == {
+        "f": ("flag", "other", "flag"),
+        "a": "1",
+        "b": ("a", "b"),
+    }
+
+
 def test_type_from_flag_value():
     param = click.Option(["-a", "x"], default=True, flag_value=4)
     assert param.type is click.INT
Repository: pallets/click

Issue:
Coverity 370644 Logically dead code in def version_option(), line 345
Coverity scan reports the following. The `>>>` markers indicate Coverity's inline comments. 

```
1    if version is None and package_name is None:
342        frame = inspect.currentframe()
343        assert frame is not None
>>>   implied_types: frame.f_back implies that the type of frame cannot be any of undefined and null.
344        assert frame.f_back is not None
>>>   possible_types: At condition frame !== None, the type of frame cannot be any of undefined and null.
>>>   dead_error_condition: The condition frame !== None must be true.
>>>   CID 370644 (#1 of 1): Logically dead code (DEADCODE)dead_error_line: Execution cannot reach the expression None inside this statement: f_globals = ((frame !== Non....
345        f_globals = frame.f_back.f_globals if frame is not None else None
```

Full report is at https://scan4.coverity.com/reports.htm#v38579/p14953/fileInstanceId=103660997&defectInstanceId=14283947&mergedDefectId=370644&eventId=14283947-3  but that isn't publicly accessible :-(.


If I understand this correctly on line 345 we're guaranteed that the `frame` variable has a value different than `None` so there's no need to check for it again. 




Discussion:
There's another issue in the same code block and I think they are related:

```
341    if version is None and package_name is None:
342        frame = inspect.currentframe()
343        assert frame is not None
>>>   deref: Accessing a property of frame.
344        assert frame.f_back is not None
>>>   CID 370643 (#1 of 1): Attribute/item access or function call before check for None or undefined (REVERSE_INULL)check_after_deref: Null-checking frame suggests that it may be null, but it has already been dereferenced on all paths leading to the check.
345        f_globals = frame.f_back.f_globals if frame is not None else None
```



Probably a refactor of this block will satisfy Coverity. 

Resolving patch:
diff --git a/src/click/decorators.py b/src/click/decorators.py
--- a/src/click/decorators.py
+++ b/src/click/decorators.py
@@ -340,9 +340,8 @@ def version_option(
 
     if version is None and package_name is None:
         frame = inspect.currentframe()
-        assert frame is not None
-        assert frame.f_back is not None
-        f_globals = frame.f_back.f_globals if frame is not None else None
+        f_back = frame.f_back if frame is not None else None
+        f_globals = f_back.f_globals if f_back is not None else None
         # break reference cycle
         # https://docs.python.org/3/library/inspect.html#the-interpreter-stack
         del frame


Test patch: