internlm/SWE-Fixer-Train-110K huggingface dataset:
Repository: PrefectHQ/prefect

Issue:
Cannot raise a skip signal with a result
I am filing an issue by suggestion of @cicdw after a conversation on gitter.
I came up with the following use case: a task that raises a skip signal with a result because its logic has detected that there is no work to do and the result is already calculated somewhere. I could just return it, but it would be useful for me to know that the _heavy_ part of the task did not actually execute.

An example of the use case would be:

```python
from prefect import task, Flow
from prefect.engine import signals

@task
def test_skipped():
    raise signals.SKIP('skipping', result=5)

f = Flow("test", tasks=[test_skipped])
flow_state = f.run()
```

which fails because of how the `PrefectStateSignal` constructor handles its initialization:

```
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File ".../prefect/engine/signals.py", line 27, in __init__
    result=self, message=message, *args, **kwargs
TypeError: type object got multiple values for keyword argument 'result'
```

Chris suggested the following workaround, which works correctly, but still pointed out that the case above should work.

```python
from prefect import task, Flow
from prefect.engine.runner import ENDRUN
from prefect.engine.state import Skipped

@task
def test_skipped():
    skip = Skipped("skipping", result=5)
    raise ENDRUN(state=skip)

f = Flow("test", tasks=[test_skipped])
flow_state = f.run()

flow_state.result[test_skipped].result # 5
```


Discussion:

Resolving patch:
diff --git a/src/prefect/engine/signals.py b/src/prefect/engine/signals.py
--- a/src/prefect/engine/signals.py
+++ b/src/prefect/engine/signals.py
@@ -23,8 +23,9 @@ class PrefectStateSignal(PrefectError):
 
     def __init__(self, message: str = None, *args, **kwargs):  # type: ignore
         super().__init__(message)  # type: ignore
+        kwargs.setdefault("result", self)
         self.state = self._state_cls(  # type: ignore
-            result=self, message=message, *args, **kwargs
+            message=message, *args, **kwargs
         )
 
 


Test patch:
diff --git a/tests/engine/test_signals.py b/tests/engine/test_signals.py
--- a/tests/engine/test_signals.py
+++ b/tests/engine/test_signals.py
@@ -38,6 +38,14 @@ def test_signals_create_states():
     assert exc.value.state.message == "message"
 
 
+def test_signals_create_states_with_results():
+    with pytest.raises(Exception) as exc:
+        raise PrefectStateSignal("message", result=5)
+    assert isinstance(exc.value.state, State)
+    assert exc.value.state.result == 5
+    assert exc.value.state.message == "message"
+
+
 def test_signals_dont_pass_invalid_arguments_to_states():
     with pytest.raises(TypeError):
         raise SUCCESS(bad_result=100)
Repository: PrefectHQ/prefect

Issue:
flow.update(flow) doesn't maintain mapped edges
```
from prefect import task, Flow, Parameter

@task
def add_one(x):
    return x + 1

@task
def printit(p):
    print(p)


with Flow("Test Flow") as test_flow:
    test_list = Parameter("test_list")
    add_one_list = add_one.map(test_list)
    printit(add_one_list)

with Flow("Second Test") as second_test_flow:
    second_test_flow.update(test_flow)
    

test_flow.run(test_list=[1, 2, 3])
second_test_flow.run(test_list=[1, 2, 3])
```
In this example, the `second_test_flow.run` will fail with the following error in the `add_one` task:
```
Unexpected error: TypeError('can only concatenate list (not "int") to list')
```

Is this the intended effect?  If not, it should be fixable by updating `add_edge` call in `Flow.update` [here](https://github.com/PrefectHQ/prefect/blob/cfb186a4e6fb387e610d35cb530d10f4032f2da2/src/prefect/core/flow.py#L547-L552) to:
```
                self.add_edge(
                    upstream_task=edge.upstream_task,
                    downstream_task=edge.downstream_task,
                    key=edge.key,
                    mapped=edge.mapped,
                    validate=validate,
                )
```


Discussion:
Nope that's definitely not intentional @benfuja - nice catch and thanks for the issue!

Resolving patch:
diff --git a/src/prefect/core/flow.py b/src/prefect/core/flow.py
--- a/src/prefect/core/flow.py
+++ b/src/prefect/core/flow.py
@@ -548,6 +548,7 @@ def update(self, flow: "Flow", validate: bool = None) -> None:
                     upstream_task=edge.upstream_task,
                     downstream_task=edge.downstream_task,
                     key=edge.key,
+                    mapped=edge.mapped,
                     validate=validate,
                 )
 


Test patch:
diff --git a/tests/core/test_flow.py b/tests/core/test_flow.py
--- a/tests/core/test_flow.py
+++ b/tests/core/test_flow.py
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ def test_equality_based_on_reference_tasks(self):
         assert f1 == f2
 
 
-def test_merge():
+def test_update():
     f1 = Flow(name="test")
     f2 = Flow(name="test")
 
@@ -709,10 +709,27 @@ def test_merge():
     f2.add_edge(t2, t3)
 
     f2.update(f1)
-    assert f2.tasks == set([t1, t2, t3])
+    assert f2.tasks == {t1, t2, t3}
     assert len(f2.edges) == 2
 
 
+def test_update_with_mapped_edges():
+    t1 = Task()
+    t2 = Task()
+    t3 = Task()
+
+    with Flow(name="test") as f1:
+        m = t2.map(upstream_tasks=[t1])
+
+    f2 = Flow(name="test")
+    f2.add_edge(t2, t3)
+
+    f2.update(f1)
+    assert f2.tasks == {m, t1, t2, t3}
+    assert len(f2.edges) == 2
+    assert len([e for e in f2.edges if e.mapped]) == 1
+
+
 def test_upstream_and_downstream_error_msgs_when_task_is_not_in_flow():
     f = Flow(name="test")
     t = Task()
Repository: PrefectHQ/prefect

Issue:
Elevate `ENDRUN` to `signals` API
We've seen multiple situations now (e.g., https://github.com/PrefectHQ/prefect/issues/1184) where users want to aggressively end a run, avoiding the standard checks.  Our `ENDRUN` signal satisfies the correct behavior, but isn't exposed publicly.  We should move this signal into our public `signals` API for better visibility to users, and document it accordingly.


Discussion:

Resolving patch:
diff --git a/src/prefect/engine/runner.py b/src/prefect/engine/runner.py
--- a/src/prefect/engine/runner.py
+++ b/src/prefect/engine/runner.py
@@ -8,19 +8,8 @@
 from prefect.utilities import logging
 
 
-class ENDRUN(Exception):
-    """
-    An ENDRUN exception is used by Runner steps to indicate that state processing should
-    stop. The pipeline result should be the state contained in the exception.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, state: State):
-        """
-        Args
-            - state (State): the state that should be used as the result of the Runner's run
-        """
-        self.state = state
-        super().__init__()
+# for backwards compatibility
+ENDRUN = signals.ENDRUN
 
 
 def call_state_handlers(method: Callable[..., State]) -> Callable[..., State]:
diff --git a/src/prefect/engine/signals.py b/src/prefect/engine/signals.py
--- a/src/prefect/engine/signals.py
+++ b/src/prefect/engine/signals.py
@@ -7,6 +7,20 @@
 from prefect.utilities.exceptions import PrefectError
 
 
+class ENDRUN(Exception):
+    """
+    An ENDRUN exception is used to indicate that _all_ state processing should
+    stop. The pipeline result should be the state contained in the exception.
+
+    Args:
+        - state (State): the state that should be used as the result of the Runner's run
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, state: state.State):
+        self.state = state
+        super().__init__()
+
+
 class PrefectStateSignal(PrefectError):
     """
     Create a new PrefectStateSignal object.


Test patch:
Repository: PrefectHQ/prefect

Issue:
Add new example which rewrites Docker Example using functional API
By request, so that users can compare the differences.


Discussion:

Resolving patch:
diff --git a/examples/functional_docker.py b/examples/functional_docker.py
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/functional_docker.py
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+"""
+This Prefect Flow creates a Container based on the latest prefect image, and
+executes an empty Flow inside that container.  Make sure to pull `prefecthq/prefect` prior
+to running this Flow.
+"""
+
+from prefect import Flow
+from prefect.tasks.docker import (
+    CreateContainer,
+    StartContainer,
+    GetContainerLogs,
+    WaitOnContainer,
+)
+from prefect.triggers import always_run
+
+
+## initialize tasks
+container = CreateContainer(
+    image_name="prefecthq/prefect",
+    command='''python -c "from prefect import Flow; f = Flow('empty'); f.run()"''',
+)
+start = StartContainer()
+logs = GetContainerLogs(trigger=always_run)
+status_code = WaitOnContainer()
+
+
+## set task dependencies via functional API
+
+with Flow("Run a Prefect Flow in Docker") as flow:
+    start_container = start(container_id=container)
+    code = status_code(container_id=container, upstream_tasks=[start_container])
+    collect_logs = logs(container_id=container, upstream_tasks=[code])
+
+## run flow and print logs
+flow_state = flow.run()
+
+print("=" * 30)
+print("Container Logs")
+print("=" * 30)
+print(flow_state.result[collect_logs].result)
diff --git a/examples/imperative_docker.py b/examples/imperative_docker.py
--- a/examples/imperative_docker.py
+++ b/examples/imperative_docker.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 This Prefect Flow creates a Container based on the latest prefect image, and
-executes an empty Flow inside that container.
+executes an empty Flow inside that container.  Make sure to pull `prefecthq/prefect` prior
+to running this Flow.
 """
 
 from prefect import Flow
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@
 
 container = CreateContainer(
     image_name="prefecthq/prefect",
-    command='''python -c "from prefect import Flow; f = Flow("empty"); f.run()"''',
+    command='''python -c "from prefect import Flow; f = Flow('empty'); f.run()"''',
 )
 start = StartContainer()
 logs = GetContainerLogs(trigger=always_run)


Test patch:
Repository: PrefectHQ/prefect

Issue:
Incompatible to import typing module with python prior to 3.5.2
For example `TYPE_CHECKING` is not provided in module `typing` for python version == 3.5.0 or 3.5.1. Suggest to use MYPY to resolve the issue.


Discussion:
So I've done some research on this and am unfortunately concluding that Prefect will only support version of Python >= 3.5.2 going forward.  Let me explain my reasoning:
- this issue alerted me to the fact that Prefect is not currently compatible with 3.5.1; this tells me not many people were trying to use Prefect with Python 3.5.1 or 3.5.0
- having to adhere to an older typing pattern has [maintainability issues moving forward](https://github.com/PrefectHQ/prefect/pull/1260#issuecomment-514211917)
- even with the change proposed in #1260, the Prefect library still isn't 3.5.1 compatible
- we currently use some additional typing patterns that aren't compatible with 3.5.1
- it appears that the `cloudpickle` library is not able to pickle some important objects in Prefect (specifically I noticed `triggers` were not pickling correctly); this is critical for dask execution + deploying to Prefect Cloud

I'm very sorry for any inconvenience this might cause you!

I'm going to leave this issue open until I've updated our documentation and requirements to reflect this decision.

Resolving patch:
diff --git a/lower_bounds.py b/lower_bounds.py
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lower_bounds.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+"""
+This helper script compiles all of our lower version bounds
+on all base dependencies from our `requirements.txt` file into a new
+`lower_requirements.txt` file.  In this new requirements file all dependencies
+are pinned to their lowest allowed versions.  We use this
+new requirements file to test that we still support all of our
+specified versions.
+"""
+import re
+
+
+with open("requirements.txt", "r") as f:
+    reqs = f.readlines()
+
+
+with open("lower_requirements.txt", "w") as g:
+    for req in reqs:
+        pkg_data = re.split(">=|,", req.replace("~", ">"))
+        g.write(pkg_data[0].strip() + " == " + pkg_data[1].strip() + "\n")
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
     package_dir={"": "src"},
     include_package_data=True,
     entry_points={"console_scripts": ["prefect=prefect.cli:cli"]},
-    python_requires=">=3.5",
+    python_requires=">=3.5.2",
     description="The Prefect Core automation and scheduling engine.",
     long_description=open("README.md").read(),
     long_description_content_type="text/markdown",


Test patch:
Repository: PrefectHQ/prefect

Issue:
CLI "Login successful" should print green
`prefect auth login` should print a green `"Login successful"` confirmation.


Discussion:

Resolving patch:
diff --git a/src/prefect/cli/agent.py b/src/prefect/cli/agent.py
--- a/src/prefect/cli/agent.py
+++ b/src/prefect/cli/agent.py
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ def start(name, token):
         retrieved_agent = _agents.get(name, None)
 
         if not retrieved_agent:
-            click.secho("{} is not a valid agent".format(name), color="red")
+            click.secho("{} is not a valid agent".format(name), fg="red")
             return
 
         from_qualified_name(retrieved_agent)().start()
diff --git a/src/prefect/cli/auth.py b/src/prefect/cli/auth.py
--- a/src/prefect/cli/auth.py
+++ b/src/prefect/cli/auth.py
@@ -45,11 +45,11 @@ def login(token):
         client.graphql(query={"query": "hello"})
     except AuthorizationError:
         click.secho(
-            "Error attempting to use Prefect API token {}".format(token), color="RED"
+            "Error attempting to use Prefect API token {}".format(token), fg="red"
         )
         return
     except ClientError:
-        click.secho("Error attempting to communicate with Prefect Cloud", color="RED")
+        click.secho("Error attempting to communicate with Prefect Cloud", fg="red")
         return
 
-    click.echo("Login successful")
+    click.secho("Login successful", fg="green")


Test patch:
Repository: PrefectHQ/prefect

Issue:
Update context / config docs
- config is now in context
- users shouldn't directly modify config; always use context


Discussion:

Resolving patch:
diff --git a/src/prefect/utilities/configuration.py b/src/prefect/utilities/configuration.py
--- a/src/prefect/utilities/configuration.py
+++ b/src/prefect/utilities/configuration.py
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+"""
+Utilities for interacting with [Prefect configuration](https://docs.prefect.io/core/concepts/configuration.html).  These are only intended
+to be used for testing.
+"""
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from typing import Iterator
 
diff --git a/src/prefect/utilities/context.py b/src/prefect/utilities/context.py
--- a/src/prefect/utilities/context.py
+++ b/src/prefect/utilities/context.py
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 | `tomorrow` | tomorrow's date formatted as `YYYY-MM-DD`|
 | `tomorrow_nodash` | tomorrow's date formatted as `YYYYMMDD`|
 | `logger` | the logger for the current task |
+| `config` | the complete [Prefect configuration](https://docs.prefect.io/core/concepts/configuration.html) object that is being used during this run |
 | `flow_name` | the name of the current flow |
 | `scheduled_start_time` | a datetime object representing the scheduled start time for the flow run; falls back to `now` for unscheduled runs |
 | `parameters` | a dictionary of parameter values for the current flow run |


Test patch:
Repository: PrefectHQ/prefect

Issue:
Documentation Request: ResultHandler
## Use Case
*Please provide a use case to help us understand your request in context*

I'm trying to create a custom ResultHandler for use with Prefect Cloud. I've noticed that the API Docs for the result handler ([here](https://docs.prefect.io/api/unreleased/engine/result_handlers.html#jsonresulthandler)) don't describe the interface of the ResultHandler class in sufficient detail for me to understand what I need to implement in a child class.


## Solution
*Please describe your ideal solution*

Please add more detail to the docs =]


Discussion:
It would be great if this documentation also provided best practices for secrets in result handlers

Resolving patch:
diff --git a/src/prefect/engine/result_handlers/__init__.py b/src/prefect/engine/result_handlers/__init__.py
--- a/src/prefect/engine/result_handlers/__init__.py
+++ b/src/prefect/engine/result_handlers/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,36 @@
 """
 Result handler is simply a specific implementation of a `read` / `write` interface for handling data.
 The only requirement for a Result handler implementation is that the `write` method returns a JSON-compatible object.
+
+As a toy example, suppose we want to implement a result handler which stores data on some webserver that we have access to.
+Our custom result handler might look like:
+
+```python
+import json
+import requests
+from prefect.engine.result_handlers import ResultHandler
+
+
+class WebServerHandler(ResultHandler):
+    def write(self, obj):
+        '''
+        Stores a JSON-compatible object on our webserver and returns
+        the URL for retrieving it later
+        '''
+        r = requests.post("http://foo.example.bar/", data={"payload": json.dumps(obj)})
+        url = r.json()['url']
+        return url
+
+    def read(self, url):
+        '''
+        Given a URL on our webserver, retrieves the object and deserializes it.
+        '''
+        r = requests.get(url)
+        json_obj = r.json()['payload']
+        return json.loads(json_obj)
+```
+
+Note that we could also optionally override the `__init__` method of our class if we wanted to allow for additional configuration.
 """
 
 from prefect.engine.result_handlers.result_handler import ResultHandler


Test patch:
Repository: PrefectHQ/prefect

Issue:
Remove Recursion from CloudTaskRunner run method
Just to be safe.


Discussion:

Resolving patch:
diff --git a/src/prefect/engine/cloud/task_runner.py b/src/prefect/engine/cloud/task_runner.py
--- a/src/prefect/engine/cloud/task_runner.py
+++ b/src/prefect/engine/cloud/task_runner.py
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ def run(
             context=context,
             executor=executor,
         )
-        if (end_state.is_retrying() or end_state.is_queued()) and (
+        while (end_state.is_retrying() or end_state.is_queued()) and (
             end_state.start_time <= pendulum.now("utc").add(minutes=1)  # type: ignore
         ):
             assert isinstance(end_state, (Retrying, Queued))
@@ -275,11 +275,10 @@ def run(
             )
             context.update(task_run_version=task_run_info.version)  # type: ignore
 
-            return self.run(
+            end_state = super().run(
                 state=end_state,
                 upstream_states=upstream_states,
                 context=context,
                 executor=executor,
             )
-        else:
-            return end_state
+        return end_state
diff --git a/src/prefect/utilities/graphql.py b/src/prefect/utilities/graphql.py
--- a/src/prefect/utilities/graphql.py
+++ b/src/prefect/utilities/graphql.py
@@ -20,7 +20,11 @@ def lowercase_first_letter(s: str) -> str:
 
 
 class GraphQLResult(Box):
-    pass
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        try:
+            return json.dumps(self, indent=4)
+        except TypeError:
+            return repr(self.to_dict())
 
 
 class EnumValue:


Test patch:
diff --git a/tests/utilities/test_graphql.py b/tests/utilities/test_graphql.py
--- a/tests/utilities/test_graphql.py
+++ b/tests/utilities/test_graphql.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 import pytest
 from box import Box
 
+from prefect.engine.state import Pending
 from prefect.utilities.graphql import (
     EnumValue,
     GQLObject,
@@ -425,3 +426,16 @@ def test_decompress():
 )
 def test_compression_back_translation(obj):
     assert decompress(compress(obj)) == obj
+
+
+def test_graphql_result_has_nice_repr():
+    expected = """{\n    "flow_run": {\n        "flow": [\n            {\n                "id": 1\n            },\n            {\n                "version": 2\n            }\n        ]\n    }\n}"""
+    gql = {"flow_run": {"flow": [{"id": 1}, {"version": 2}]}}
+    res = GraphQLResult(gql)
+    assert repr(res) == expected
+
+
+def test_graphql_repr_falls_back_to_dict_repr():
+    gql = {"flow_run": Pending("test")}
+    res = GraphQLResult(gql)
+    assert repr(res) == """{'flow_run': <Pending: "test">}"""
Repository: PrefectHQ/prefect

Issue:
Add example code block to `switch` docstring
I recently realized I hadn't touched the `switch` code in a long time, and I would've really appreciated an example to work off of.  Instead, I ended up looking at our tests which most users won't want to do.  Relevant doc: https://docs.prefect.io/api/unreleased/tasks/control_flow.html#prefect-tasks-control-flow-conditional-switch


Discussion:

Resolving patch:
diff --git a/src/prefect/tasks/control_flow/conditional.py b/src/prefect/tasks/control_flow/conditional.py
--- a/src/prefect/tasks/control_flow/conditional.py
+++ b/src/prefect/tasks/control_flow/conditional.py
@@ -56,6 +56,24 @@ def switch(condition: Task, cases: Dict[Any, Task]) -> None:
     skipped. Any tasks downstream of the skipped tasks are also skipped unless they set
     `skip_on_upstream_skip=False`.
 
+    Example:
+    ```python
+    @task
+    def condition():
+        return "b"    # returning 'b' will take the b_branch
+
+    @task
+    def a_branch():
+        return "A Branch"
+
+    @task
+    def b_branch():
+        return "B Branch"
+
+    with Flow("switch-flow") as flow:
+        switch(condition, dict(a=a_branch, b=b_branch))
+    ```
+
     Args:
         - condition (Task): a task whose result forms the condition for the switch
         - cases (Dict[Any, Task]): a dict representing the "case" statements of the switch.


Test patch:
Repository: PrefectHQ/prefect

Issue:
Fargate agent warning is too aggressive
## Description
This warning can be relaxed because it does not suit all use cases



## Expected Behavior
Elevate warning only under certain conditions



## Reproduction
Run the fargate agent without ARNs



Discussion:

Resolving patch:
diff --git a/src/prefect/agent/fargate/agent.py b/src/prefect/agent/fargate/agent.py
--- a/src/prefect/agent/fargate/agent.py
+++ b/src/prefect/agent/fargate/agent.py
@@ -86,14 +86,12 @@ def __init__(
         region_name = region_name or os.getenv("REGION_NAME")
 
         # Agent task config
-        self.task_role_arn = task_role_arn or os.getenv("TASK_ROLE_ARN")
+        self.task_role_arn = task_role_arn or os.getenv("TASK_ROLE_ARN", "")
         self.logger.debug("Task role arn {}".format(self.task_role_arn))
 
-        self.execution_role_arn = execution_role_arn or os.getenv("EXECUTION_ROLE_ARN")
-        if not self.execution_role_arn:
-            self.logger.warning(
-                "Fargate requires task definition to have execution role ARN to support ECR images"
-            )
+        self.execution_role_arn = execution_role_arn or os.getenv(
+            "EXECUTION_ROLE_ARN", ""
+        )
         self.logger.debug("Execution role arn {}".format(self.execution_role_arn))
 
         self.cluster = cluster or os.getenv("CLUSTER", "default")


Test patch:
diff --git a/tests/agent/test_fargate_agent.py b/tests/agent/test_fargate_agent.py
--- a/tests/agent/test_fargate_agent.py
+++ b/tests/agent/test_fargate_agent.py
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ def test_ecs_agent_config_options_default(monkeypatch, runner_token):
     assert not agent.subnets
     assert not agent.security_groups
     assert not agent.repository_credentials
-    assert not agent.task_role_arn
-    assert not agent.execution_role_arn
+    assert agent.task_role_arn == ""
+    assert agent.execution_role_arn == ""
     assert agent.assign_public_ip == "ENABLED"
     assert agent.task_cpu == "256"
     assert agent.task_memory == "512"